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train_7057	who played cousin penny in that 70s show	[ { "docid": "1562991", "text": "Brittany Ann Daniel (born March 17, 1976) is an American actress. She is the twin sister of photographer and former actress Cynthia Daniel. Daniel is best known for her roles as Jessica Wakefield in the teen drama series Sweet Valley High (1994–1997) and as Kelly Pitts in the CW/BET comedy-drama series The Game (2006–2011; 2014–2015). Her film credits include Brandy in Joe Dirt (2001) and its sequel Joe Dirt 2: Beautiful Loser, White Chicks (2004), and Skyline (2010). Early life On March 17, 1976, Brittany and her twin sister, Cynthia, were born in Gainesville, Florida, to Carolyn and Charlton Bradford \"C.B.\" Daniel Jr. They have an older brother, Brad. By age 11, both girls were signed to the Ford Agency and began modeling. They appeared in Seventeen and YM. They also appeared in ads for Doublemint gum as the Doublemint Twins. Career Both girls began acting in the 1989 with an appearance in the sitcom The New Leave It to Beaver. In 1992, when she was sixteen, Brittany won the role of Mila Rosnovsky on the short-lived syndicated teen drama Swan's Crossing. She then moved to New York to film the series. After high school, she landed the role of Jessica Wakefield in the television series Sweet Valley High (twin sister Cynthia portrayed Jessica's twin, Elizabeth). During the run of Sweet Valley High, they made their film debut in the drama The Basketball Diaries (1995) alongside Leonardo DiCaprio. After Sweet Valley High was canceled in 1997, Daniel continued acting in films and television series including a stint on Dawson's Creek in 1999 and a role in the TBS television movie On Hostile Ground the following year. In 2001, she appeared as David Spade's love interest, Brandy, in Joe Dirt. In 2002, Daniel played one of the lead characters in the short-lived Fox series That '80s Show. In 2002, she played Eric Forman's cousin Penny on That '70s Show. Daniel appeared on the show It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia as a transgender woman named Carmen. She teamed with the Wayans Brothers for their films White Chicks (2004) and Little Man (2006). That same year, she appeared in the VH1 television movie Totally Awesome before landing a lead role in The CW's half-hour comedy The Game, which she starred in until 2011. However, she would return to the show in 2014. In February 2010, she was cast in the Brothers Strause thriller Skyline; the film was released on November 12, 2010. Personal life In March 2014, Daniel revealed her reason for her departure leaving The Game in 2011 was due to her being diagnosed with Stage 4 hodgkin's lymphoma for which she underwent chemotherapy. As of 2014, she was cancer-free. She dated actor Keenen Ivory Wayans from 2007 to 2014. In 2017, she married Adam Touni. On October 24, 2021, Brittany welcomed a daughter, after her sister, Cynthia, donated her egg. Filmography Film Television Awards and nominations References External links 1976 births Actresses from Florida American child actresses American film actresses American", "title": "Brittany Daniel" } ]	[ { "docid": "8808311", "text": "Penny to a Million is an American television game show that aired on ABC from May 4 to October 19, 1955. Bill Goodwin was the host. It was broadcast from 9:30 to 10 p.m. Eastern Time on Wednesdays. Format Contestants answered questions to build up a jackpot which started at one cent and could rise to a maximum of $10,000 (one million cents). The game was played in three rounds. During each of the first two, four new contestants were selected from the audience and took turns answering questions. The jackpot began at zero in each round; the first correct answer added one cent, and each subsequent correct answer doubled the total. Any contestant who gave an incorrect answer or failed to respond within five seconds was eliminated from the game, receiving a gift certificate or savings bond ($25 for the first two eliminated, $50 for the third) and a pen or pack of cigarettes, depending on the day's sponsoring company. The round ended when three contestants had been eliminated, leaving one survivor to advance. If 20 or more correct answers were given, the jackpot was frozen at 500,000 cents ($5,000), rounded down from the total of 524,288 that would result from the initial cent being doubled 19 times. At the start of each round and after an incorrect answer, the host would announce a new category and ask questions in it, starting with easy ones and progressing to higher difficulty. Musical categories were frequently used, requiring contestants to identify tunes as performed by a big band in the studio. The winners of the two rounds faced each other in the third, for which their individual jackpots were combined. They alternated answering questions until one of them gave an incorrect response, after which the host would ask the opponent one final question. If the opponent also missed, the contestants each received half the jackpot; if the opponent answered correctly, they received 75% and the contestant who had first missed a question received the other 25%. The show's title came from the range of possible jackpot values, from one to a million pennies (1¢ to $10,000). However, the rules ensured that no one contestant could win more than $7,500, achievable if the first two rounds went to the $5,000 maximum and the third one ended with a 75% victor. Production Herb Wolf was the producer for Wolf Associates. Sponsors were Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corporation and W. A. Sheaffer Pen Company. Penny to a Million replaced Who Said That?, which Sheaffer had co-sponsored. Admiral, which was a co-sponsor of Who Said That?, chose not to back the new show. George Ansbro was the announcer for episodes that originated in New York; Jay Stewart announced those that originated in Los Angeles. Critical response A review in the trade publication Variety said that Penny to a Million \"follows a familiar pattern\" seen in other televised quiz shows. It called the program's premise \"a clumsy format that builds no excitement and holds little interest.\"", "title": "Penny to a Million" }, { "docid": "12714245", "text": "Alexander Waverly is a fictional character from the 1960s television show The Man from U.N.C.L.E.,its spin-off series The Girl from U.N.C.L.E. and the 2015 film version. The original series was remarkable for pairing an American Napoleon Solo and a Russian Illya Kuryakin as two spies who work together for an international espionage organization at the height of the Cold War. Mr. Waverly is the head of the U.N.C.L.E. organization and was played by the English actor Leo G. Carroll and Hugh Grant in the film. Background The pilot for the show featured a 'Mr. Allison' as the head of U.N.C.L.E., a character described as a pedantic man in his 50s. Will Kuluva was originally cast in the role, however he was replaced by Carroll after the pilot episode when an NBC executive reportedly suggested that the person with the name beginning with 'K' be omitted. It later emerged that he had meant the Russian spy Illya Kuryakin played by David McCallum. The show's producers thought he meant Kuluva. Although his scenes in the pilot episode 'The Vulcan Affair' were re-shot with Carroll in the role, Kuluva did appear as Mr. Allison in To Trap a Spy, a feature-length production based on the pilot which was released to cinemas in 1964. In eventually casting Carroll in the role, the programme makers took a considerable departure from this original concept since the actor was in his 70s at the time. However, the casting was also apt since Carroll had featured in many of Alfred Hitchcock's films and Hitchcock's work was a touchstone for the show's originators. Indeed, he had played the 'Professor', the head of the espionage agency in North by Northwest (1959), the film which inspired Norman Felton to bring the spy genre to the small screen. Character Along with Solo and Kuryakin, Alexander Waverly was the only character to appear on the show on a weekly basis. He is one of five regional heads in charge of the multi-national organisation, though his position appears to be that of primus inter pares, i.e., first among equals. In one episode he presides over an annual meeting of the regional heads ('The Summit Five Affair'). In contrast to the ambiguity surrounding the backgrounds of Solo and Kuryakin, we are given some insight into Waverly's family situation. He mentions a grandson called Melvin in 'The Bat Cave Affair'. His cousin Lester Baldwin (also played by Carroll) appears in 'The Bow Wow Affair'. His brother-in-law is Professor Hemingway of Y.I.T., who he sometimes uses as a consultant ('The Mad, MAD Tea Party Affair'). In 'The Cap and Gown Affair' it emerges that Waverly is an alumnus of Blair University. His niece Maude Waverly, played by Yvonne Craig, appears in the U.N.C.L.E. film One Spy too Many although she does not feature in 'The Alexander the Greater Affair' the two-part television episode on which the film is based. Mr. Waverly was also a regular in the short-lived spin-off series, The Girl from U.N.C.L.E., making Carroll one", "title": "Alexander Waverly" }, { "docid": "63416942", "text": "Penelope Anne Vere Mountbatten, Lady Ivar Mountbatten (née Thompson; born 17 March 1966), known as Penny Mountbatten, is a British philanthropist and businesswoman. She served as the lady of the manor of Moyns Park and then Bridwell Park until her divorce from Lord Ivar Mountbatten in 2011. Biography Mountbatten was born on 17 March 1966 to Colin G. Thompson and Rosemary Vere Edwards. Her parents later divorced and her mother remarried Tim Walker. She was educated at Royal High School, Bath. On 23 April 1994 she married Lord Ivar Mountbatten, a third cousin-once removed of Elizabeth II, at St Peter and St Paul's Church, Clare in a ceremony attended by Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon and Prince Edward. They have three daughters: Ella Louise Georgina Mountbatten (born Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, 20 March 1996) – goddaughter of Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh Alexandra Alix Nada Victoria Mountbatten (born Bridwell Park, Uffculme, Devon, 8 May 1998) – goddaughter of Sophie, Duchess of Edinburgh. Louise Luli Xenia Rose Mountbatten (born Bridwell Park, 30 July 2002). Mountbatten served as lady of the manor of her husband's country estate Moyns Park until 1997, when the couple purchased Bridwell Park. She and her husband separated in September 2010 and divorced amicably in November 2011. Her ex-husband, who came out as homosexual, later married James Coyle. Mountbatten gave her ex-husband away at the wedding. Mountbatten serves as patron of Leukaemia Care, an organization that promotes cancer research and finding a cure for Leukaemia. She succeeded her ex-husband's first cousin once-removed, Lady Pamela Hicks, as patron. She is the patron of four other charities, including Devon Air Ambulance. An avid cyclist, Mountbatten would bike to raise money for different charitable causes, including biking at the Great Wall of China. Mountbatten owns and manages Penny Mountbatten London, a luxury brand representation and event management firm, which has several royal warranted labels. References Living people 1966 births 21st-century English businesswomen 21st-century English businesspeople English women philanthropists Penny Wives of younger sons of peers 21st-century women philanthropists", "title": "Penny Mountbatten" }, { "docid": "2033850", "text": "Hallie Todd (born January 7, 1962) is an American actress. She played Penny Waters on Brothers, Jo McGuire on Lizzie McGuire, and Rhoda Markowitz on Murder, She Wrote. She also made guest appearances on many other television shows such as The Golden Girls, Highway to Heaven, Malcolm in the Middle, and Sabrina, the Teenage Witch. Early life Todd is the second child of actress Ann Morgan Guilbert and writer/producer George Eckstein. Her mother carried her to term while appearing on The Dick Van Dyke Show, although the pregnancy was not part of the story line and was covered up with loose fit clothing and close up camera angles. Todd attended Palisades Charter High School and the Pacific Conservatory of the Performing Arts. Career She played a homeless character, “The Kid,” on a Christmas episode of Growing Pains. She played Penny Waters, the daughter of fictional former football player Joe Waters on the Showtime comedy series Brothers, which is her longest lasting role. In 1990, a year after Brothers left the air, Todd moved into her next sitcom role as spunky writer-and-aspiring-comedian Kate Griffin on Going Places. Later roles include Lal, Data's daughter on the Star Trek: The Next Generation episode \"The Offspring\"; Blanche's niece, Lucy, on The Golden Girls episode \"Nice and Easy\"; the mother in the Disney Channel original movie The Ultimate Christmas Present; Hilda's and Zelda's cousin Marigold, Amanda's mother, on Sabrina, the Teenage Witch; and as Lizzie's mother, Jo McGuire, on Lizzie McGuire. She appeared in seven episodes of Murder, She Wrote, all but one as \"Rhoda Markowitz\", assistant to Keith Michell's sleuth, Dennis Stanton. Todd starred in the feature film The Mooring, which she co-wrote with her husband and daughter. The film was released on DVD, digital download and Video on Demand on February 19, 2013. Todd is the co-founder of the film production company In House Media and also teaches acting classes and privately coaches. In 2016, Todd was seen starring in Universal's An American Girl: Lea to the Rescue. She was cast in The Last Champion, and executive produced and performed in the film. Her husband, Glenn Withrow, directed the project. He and Todd co-wrote the screenplay along with their daughter, Ivy Withrow, VP of Development for the company. In House Media Film Partners was born when Todd and Withrow were inspired to create a family production company after Withrow's experiences working with Francis Ford Coppola on five films, starting with The Outsiders. Personal life Todd is married to director/producer Glenn Withrow. They have a daughter, Ivy. Filmography Film Television Books In between her acting roles, Todd wrote two books, Being Young Actors and Parenting The Young Actor. References External links American film actresses American television actresses Living people Actresses from Los Angeles 20th-century American actresses 21st-century American actresses 20th-century American writers 21st-century American writers 21st-century American women writers 20th-century American women writers 1962 births", "title": "Hallie Todd" }, { "docid": "14905006", "text": "William Robert Mize (April 29, 1929 – October 29, 2017) was an American country music singer-songwriter, steel guitarist, band leader, and TV show host. Biography Mize was born in Arkansas City, Kansas, United States, but raised in the San Joaquin Valley of California, an area steeped in country music thanks to relocated \"Okies\". He originally learned to play guitar as a child, but fell in love with the steel guitar he received for his 18th birthday. Mize moved to Bakersfield, California and formed his own band playing local gigs and also working as a disc jockey on KPMC. In 1953, he, Bill Woods and Herb Henson put together a local TV show called The Cousin Herb Trading Post Show on KERO-TV Bakersfield (then channel 10), where he became affectionately known as Billy The Kid. The signal from that show was so strong the show could be seen as far as Fresno, all the way over to the central coast and Los Angeles. The show was popular because it not only featured fledgling acts such as Buck Owens, Merle Haggard, Tommy Collins, Jean Shepard, Bonnie Owens, Ferlin Husky, but many national acts such as Hank Williams and Patsy Cline. He stayed with the show for thirteen years. In 1955, Mize began to appear on a local Los Angeles television show hosted by Hank Penny. By 1957, he was working on seven different weekly shows in the LA area, including The Hank Penny Show, The Cal Worthington Show, Country Music Time and Town Hall Party. He recorded for Decca (Solid Sender/It Could happen - 1957), Challenge and Liberty, finally hitting the country charts in 1966 with \"You Can't Stop Me\" for Columbia. That same year he began hosting and performing on Gene Autry's Melody Ranch network show on KTLA as well as starting his own syndicated Billy Mize Show from Bakersfield. During the next decade he managed eleven chart hits as well as writing hits for others, such as \"Who Will Buy The Wine\" (Charlie Walker), \"My Baby Walks All Over Me\" (Johnny Sea) and \"Don't Let The Blues Make You Bad\" (Dean Martin). Martin cut three of his songs in one day in June 1966, including \"Terrible Tangled Web\". He won the Academy of Country Music's \"TV Personality of the Year\" award three years in a row between 1965 and 1967. In 1972, he taped two pilots of the \"Billy Mize Music Hall\", which he hoped to sell into national syndication but it was not picked up. A critically acclaimed documentary chronicling the life of Mize and his impact on the country music industry was released in 2015. Titled Billy Mize and the Bakersfield Sound, it screened at the Los Angeles Film Festival in June 2014. Mize died on October 29, 2017, at the age of 88. Discography Solid Sender/It Could Happen (Decca, 1957) Please Don't Let The Blues Make You Bad (Columbia, 1965) You Can't Stop Me (Columbia, 1966) It's Gonna Get Lonely (Columbia, 1966) Lights Of Albuquerque (Columbia, 1967)", "title": "Billy Mize" }, { "docid": "14186941", "text": "Dirty Dancing is an American comedy-drama television series that ran for 11 episodes on CBS from October 29, 1988, until January 14, 1989. It was based on the 1987 film of the same name, and is the second release in the titular franchise. Despite its sourced original story, none of the original cast or crew returned for the TV adaptation. The series starred Patrick Cassidy as Johnny Castle and Melora Hardin as Frances \"Baby\" Kellerman. Plot The television series followed the same basic premise of the film, with a few variations. The series was still set at Kellerman's during the summer of 1963, but instead of being the daughter of a resort guest, Baby became the daughter of Max Kellerman (in the film, Baby's last name was Houseman), and was put in charge of Johnny as Kellerman's talent director. Much like the movie, Baby noted that she intended to attend Mount Holyoke in the fall, so it was not clear how the series would continue once the summer ended. As was the case in the film, Baby and Johnny had an adversarial relationship, but eventually came to respect each other. As this was a weekly series, Baby and Johnny did not fall in love immediately, but as the series progressed, their feelings grew. Cast Melora Hardin as Frances \"Baby\" Kellerman (in the film, Baby's last name is Houseman) Patrick Cassidy as Johnny Castle Constance Marie as Penny Rivera (in the film, Penny's last name is Johnson) McLean Stevenson as Max Kellerman Charlie Stratton as Neil Mumford (in the film, Neil's last name is Kellerman) Paul Feig as Norman Bryant John Wesley as Sweets Walker Adam S. Bristol as Wallace Kahn Mandy Ingber as Robin, Baby's cousin (credited as Amanda Ingber) Episodes References External links 1980s American comedy-drama television series 1988 American television series debuts 1989 American television series endings American English-language television shows Television series set in 1963 Television series by Lionsgate Television Live action television shows based on films CBS original programming Television shows set in New York (state) Dirty Dancing (franchise) CBS television dramas", "title": "Dirty Dancing (1988 TV series)" }, { "docid": "65486059", "text": "David Prince Miller (1809–1873) was a British showman and magician who founded several Adelphi Theatres: in at least Glasgow, Coatbridge and Dumbarton. Conceptual he created the idea of reduced Shakespeare plays, creating plays which lasted 20 minutes, an idea later followed by the Reduced Shakespeare Company. Life From around 1825 he appeared as an illusionist in small theatres and halls in England and southern Scotland. He came to Glasgow in July 1839 from Dalkeith, setting up a show on Glasgow Green during the Glasgow Fair. Other acts at the same fair included John Henry Anderson. Although Miller only charged one penny for entrance, he netted £70 during the Fair (the equivalent of £7,500 in 2020) and was able to reinvest this money in his travelling show which he took to Stirling Cupar, Dundee, Perth. Kirkcaldy, St Andrews and Dunfermline. He over-wintered in Airdrie before starting the circle again in 1840. In 1842 (using his profits from the travelling show) he built the Sans Pareil Theatre near the Saltmarket (holding 1200) in central Glasgow and the Adelphi Theatre on the edge of Glasgow Green (holding 2500). The Adelphi was one of only two large theatres at that time and was in rivalry with John Henry Anderson's Theatre Royal. Miller targeted the poorer residents of the city. In 1845 he is listed as \"Manager of the Adelphi Theatre\" living at 4 Steel Street, close to Glasgow Green. The theatre was timber-built and huge, even by modern standards, holding 2500 spectators. A false alarm in the theatre caused a panic in which an 18-year-old boy received fatal injuries. In 1848 he sold the theatre to James Calvert of Dublin. It burnt down soon after. Miller went on tour with a show called \"Through Fire and Water\". In 1855 Miller was on tour with a play concerning his own life: \"The Ups and Downs of Life\" which was performed at the Royal Clarence Theatre in London. In 1863, in partnership with a Walter Edwin, he built an Adelphi Theatre in Coatbridge holding an audience of 1500. Roughly at the same time he also opened an Adelphi Theatre in Dumbarton. In later life he ran the Prince's Mall Theatre. He was then living at 48 London Street in the centre. He died on 24 May 1873. He is buried in the lower south section of Glasgow Necropolis. The Adelphi Theatre in Coatbridge was renamed the Princess Theatre in 1873 having been sold to new owners. Family He was married with a namesake son, David Prince Miller and daughter, Elizabeth Miller. Other works In 1853 he published a book of his struggles entitled \"The Life of a Showman\". References 1809 births 1873 deaths British magicians Burials at the Glasgow Necropolis", "title": "David Prince Miller" }, { "docid": "38088077", "text": "June Dayton (born Mary June Wetzel; August 24, 1923 – June 13, 1994) was an American television actress who appeared in a variety of shows from the 1950s into the 1980s. Early life Dayton was born in Dayton, Ohio. She used her hometown of Dayton to create a professional name. Her introduction to acting came via a dramatic arts course in college. Stage Dayton's Broadway credits include The Ivy Green (1949), Tenting Tonight (1947) and Lovely Me (1946). She worked in summer stock theater for several years, and in 1951, she toured in Australia with a production of The Moon Is Blue. Television Dayton played Mary Aldrich in The Aldrich Family, Patsy Hamilton in The Brighter Day, Jennifer in A Date with Life, Grace Baden in Lucas Tanner, and Lucy Spaulding in Paradise Bay. Dayton appeared as a guest star in episodes of Studio One, Robert Montgomery Presents, Kraft Theatre, Gunsmoke (“Laughing Gas” - 1958 - S3E29 & “Bently” - 1964 - S9E28), The Investigators, The Fugitive, The F.B.I., Barnaby Jones, and Quincy, M.E.. She made five guest appearances on Perry Mason, twice as the defendant: in 1957 she played Myrna Davenport in \"The Case of the Runaway Corpse\", and in 1958, she played Sue Hardisty in \"The Case of the Buried Clock\". Dayton played Catherine Driscoll in the episode \"The Party Line\" on CBS's Dennis the Menace. She had a memorable role as Helen Turner in The Twilight Zone episode \"A Penny for Your Thoughts\", which featured Dick York. She appeared in an episode of Armstrong Circle Theatre titled \"Divorcees Anonymous\". In 1965, Dayton was cast as Virginia Farragut in \"The Battle of San Francisco Bay\" in the syndicated anthology series, Death Valley Days. She also starred in a 1969 episode of Land of the Giants titled \"Home Sweet Home\". Dayton guest-starred in two episodes of Cannon: the September 1971 episode of \"Death Chain\" as Susan Kendrix and the February 1974 episode \"Blood Money\" as Nurse Laura Meader. She made three appearances on Barnaby Jones: the January 1974 episode \"The Platinum Connection\" as Mrs. Andrews, the October 1974 episode \"Odd Man Loses\" as Pam Hogan and the March 1979 episode \"Child of Love Child of Vengeance: Part 1\" as Marie Adams.\" Her film appearances included roles in Twilight of Honor (1963), One Man's Way (1963), Tora! Tora! Tora! (1970), Something for Joey (1977), Deadman's Curve (1978) and The Other Side of the Mountain Part 2 (1978). Dayton was in an episode of The Dick Van Dyke Show about an ex army buddy who Rob thought is a jewel thief. Personal life Dayton married actor Dean Harens in 1947. The marriage lasted until her death in 1994. Death Dayton died of cancer in Sherman Oaks, California. She was 70. Filmography References External links 1923 births 1994 deaths Actresses from Ohio 20th-century American actresses American film actresses American stage actresses American television actresses", "title": "June Dayton" }, { "docid": "3845777", "text": "Jon Vitti is an American writer best known for his work on the television series The Simpsons. He has also written for King of the Hill, The Critic and The Office, and has served as a screenwriter or consultant for several animated and live-action movies, including Ice Age (2002), Robots (2005), and Horton Hears a Who! (2008). He is one of the eleven writers of The Simpsons Movie and also wrote the screenplays for the film adaptations Alvin and the Chipmunks, its \"squeakquel\" and The Angry Birds Movie. Career Vitti is a graduate of Harvard University, where he was president of the Harvard Lampoon along with Mike Reiss. He was also very close with Conan O'Brien while at Harvard. Prior to joining The Simpsons, he had a brief stint at Saturday Night Live, describing his experience on a DVD commentary as \"a very unhappy year.\" After leaving the Simpsons writing staff in its fourth season, Vitti wrote for the HBO series The Larry Sanders Show. Beginning in its seventh season, he was also a writer for The Office. He is the fifth most prolific writer for The Simpsons. His 25 episodes place him after John Swartzwelder, who wrote 59 episodes, John Frink who has written 33, Tim Long who has written 30, and Matt Selman who has written 29. Vitti has also used the pseudonym Penny Wise. Vitti used the pseudonym for episodes \"Another Simpsons Clip Show\" and \"The Simpsons 138th Episode Spectacular\" because he did not want to be credited for writing a clip show as expressed on Simpsons DVD commentaries (though his name was credited for writing the first Simpsons clip show \"So It's Come to This: A Simpsons Clip Show\"). On the season four Simpsons episode \"The Front,\" Jon Vitti is caricatured as a Harvard graduate who gets fired from I&S Studios for penning mediocre episodes and gets hit on the head with a name plate by his boss, Roger Meyers. Personal life His wife, Ann, is the sister of fellow Simpsons writer George Meyer (who was also a Saturday Night Live writer-turned-Simpsons writer who did not like working on SNL). He is a distant cousin of Los Angeles Lakers trainer Gary Vitti, award-winning author Jim Vitti, and actor Michael Dante (the stage name of Ralph Vitti). Writing credits The Simpsons episodes He is credited with writing the following episodes: \"Bart the Genius\" (1990) \"Homer's Night Out\" (1990) \"The Crepes of Wrath\" (with George Meyer, Sam Simon, and John Swartzwelder) (1990) \"Simpson and Delilah\" (1990) \"Bart's Dog Gets an \"F\" (1991) \"Lisa's Substitute\" (1991) \"When Flanders Failed\" (1991) \"Burns Verkaufen der Kraftwerk\" (1991) \"Radio Bart\" (1992) \"Bart the Lover\" (1992) \"Black Widower\" (Teleplay) (1992) \"Treehouse of Horror III\" (with Al Jean, Mike Reiss, Jay Kogen, Wallace Wolodarsky, and Sam Simon) (1992) \"Mr. Plow\" (1992) \"Brother from the Same Planet\" (1993) \"So It's Come to This: A Simpsons Clip Show\" (1993) \"Cape Feare\" (1993) \"Another Simpsons Clip Show\" (credited as Penny Wise) (1994) \"Home Sweet Homediddly-Dum-Doodily\" (1995) \"The", "title": "Jon Vitti" }, { "docid": "27988382", "text": "The fourth season of That '70s Show, an American television series, began September 25, 2001, and ended on May 21, 2002. It aired on Fox. The region 1 DVD was released on May 9, 2006. This season is set entirely in 1978. The central storyline for this season revolves around Eric and Donna's relationship ending, and the ensuing fallout their breakup creates. Donna's parents have now divorced and her father Bob is depressed. Kelso and Jackie are back together, but their relationship sees new challenges for both. Hyde returns to living with the Formans when Bud reunites with his mother and leaves him, again. Fez begins dating Big Rhonda and believes he will lose his virginity to her. Cast Main Topher Grace as Eric Forman Mila Kunis as Jackie Burkhart Ashton Kutcher as Michael Kelso Danny Masterson as Steven Hyde Laura Prepon as Donna Pinciotti Wilmer Valderrama as Fez Debra Jo Rupp as Kitty Forman Kurtwood Smith as Red Forman Don Stark as Bob Pinciotti Tommy Chong as Leo Special guest Wayne Knight as Angel French Stewart as Daniel Luke Wilson as Casey Kelso Christopher Masterson as Todd Roger Daltrey as Mr. Wilkinson Special guest appearance Howard Hesseman as Max Recurring Cynthia Lamontagne as Rhonda Mo Gaffney as Joanne Kevin McDonald as Pastor Dave Guest Jennifer Lyons as Pam Macy Tom Kenny as Woofy the Dog Dylan Sprouse as Billy Cole Sprouse as Bobby Reagan Gomez-Preston as Melissa Richard Karn as Theo Erika Christensen as Stacey Brittany Daniel as Penny Sigurdson Timothy Bottoms as Vice Principal Cole Pamela Sue Martin as Wizard Special appearance Lynsey Bartilson as Lynsey China Chow as China Colleen Haskell as Colleen Carnie Wilson as Carnie Episodes References That '70s Show Episode Guide at The New York Times External links 2001 American television seasons 2002 American television seasons Television series set in 1978 4", "title": "That '70s Show season 4" }, { "docid": "12062579", "text": "Andrea Bianca Martin Manzano Reyes (born March 29, 1987), more popularly known by her screen name Andi Manzano, is a Filipino radio jockey, television host, and actress. Andi rose to fame as a discjockey at FM radio station Magic 89.9 as a co-host in the Good Times with Mo program with Mo Twister and Mojo Jojo. She is related to Edu and Luis Manzano as well as Gary Valenciano. She became an MTV VJ when she won an MTV VJ hunt in the Philippines. She was the courtside reporter for the FEU Tamaraws on Studio 23's coverage of UAAP Season 70. With a number of endorsements that came her way, she is currently still a DJ on Magic 89.9 teaming up with Riki Flores from 3-6pm on weekdays (except Friday). Manzano had also been a mainstay VJ on Party Pilipinas on GMA. Early life and career Manzano was born on March 29, 1987, to Rose Martin-Manzano and . She started her career in 2000 as a cast member of Ang TV 2. Filmography Film Unofficially Yours (2012) - Played the ex-girlfriend of John Lloyd Cruz's character Television All Out Sundays - GMA Network Sunday PinaSaya - GMA Network Wasak - Aksyon TV (now One PH) Sunday All Stars - GMA Network Party Pilipinas - GMA Network Q Tube - QTV (now GTV 27) Candies - QTV (now GTV 27) Ang TV 2 - ABS-CBN MTV Philippines - VJ UAAP Season 70 - Studio 23 (now ABS-CBN Sports & Action and later Aliw Channel 23) \"Courtside reporter for FEU games\" Good Times TV Show - Studio 23 (now ABS-CBN Sports & Action and later Aliw Channel 23) ASAP Natin To - ABS-CBN MYX - VJ Radio Magic 89.9 DJ Magic Top 5@5 (3-6pm) Andi-9 and Riki Flo Magic 89.9 DJ The Mother Show (Every Fridays, 10 to 11am) Riki & Delamar Trivia She is the cousin of MYX VJ Turned Actor & Comedian Luis Manzano, and also her uncle actor & comedian Edu Manzano. She is a former VJ of MTV PH (Formerly MTV Philippines), her cousin Luis is also a former VJ from the rival cable channel MYX Channel, a subsidiary of ABS-CBN Corp. Andi is also a DJ & host of Magic 89.9 FM., her recent talk program, \"The Mother Show\" reunited together with DJ Riki Flo & now a recent newest member of Magic 89.9 family is Delamar who originally came from Monster Radio RX 93.1 FM was introduced to Magic station in 2018 up to present. References External links MyPetChannel Andi Manzano Blog Site 1987 births Living people Filipino radio personalities Participants in Philippine reality television series Filipino people of Spanish descent Star Magic Filipino VJs (media personalities)", "title": "Andi Manzano" }, { "docid": "56704182", "text": "In the Vineyard is an American-Canadian film series starring Rachael Leigh Cook and Brendan Penny. It airs on Hallmark Channel. The series debuted with the first of three films, Autumn in the Vineyard, premiering in 2016. The second installment in the series, Summer in the Vineyard, debuted in 2017. The third and final installment, Valentine in the Vineyard, aired around Valentine's Day 2019. The films follow the story of Francesca (Frankie) Baldwin and Nate DeLuca from feuding wineries in the town of St. Madeleine, California, as they are thrown together after their past romantic relationship that ended on a sour note. The film series is based on the St. Helena Vineyard books by author Marina Adair. Cast Rachael Leigh Cook as Frankie Baldwin, a talented winemaker who has helped her father at the Baldwin family winery and sets out to make a mark for herself Brendan Penny as Nate DeLuca, a budding chef who returns to use his college education to manage grape crops in a winery in his hometown Laura Soltis as Carla DeLuca, matriarch of the DeLucas and Nate's mother Michael Kopsa as Charles Baldwin, patriarch of the Baldwins and Frankie and Jonah's father. Tom Butler previously played the character in the first film. Jeremy Guilbaut as Jonah Baldwin, the local police officer and Frankie's brother Marcus Rosner as Marco DeLuca, Nate's brother and manager at the DeLuca winery Ali Liebert as Hannah, Frankie's best friend and confidante and Marco's ex Tegan Moss as Lexi, Frankie's cousin and a baker who moves to town and catches Marco's attention Production The first film was shot in River Stone winery near Oliver and Osoyoos in the South Okanagan Valley in British Columbia. The second installment of the film series, Summer in the Vineyard, was also shot in Okanagan Valley. Films References External links Hallmark Channel original films American film series Canadian film series Canadian comedy television films Films based on American novels Films shot in British Columbia Films about wine American comedy television films", "title": "In the Vineyard" }, { "docid": "20807800", "text": "Penny Hughes is a fictional character from the daytime drama As the World Turns. She is one of the core cast members. Prinz herself described the character as \"America’s sweetheart at the time\". Casting Rosemary Prinz originated the role of Penny in the first episode of As the World Turns. Prinz recalled the on-set tension with the show's creator Irna Phillips, who had fired the show's leading cast member Helen Wagner six months into the show because she didn't like the way she poured coffee. \"Irna did not like my going out and doing plays,\" she recalled, \"I was twenty-five when I was hired to play Penny. I thought I was going to stay five years at the most. I stayed for twelve. I did the twelve because I still needed to pay for my analysis. After those twelve years, analysis made me as uncrazy as I was going to or wanted to be.\" Prinz claimed she would often deal Phillips threats back stage. \"I would tell [her] I was going to get pregnant.\" A focal point of Penny's angst was her inability to have children. \"I would constantly have to tell Irna that I was Rosemary, not Penny. Penny was a character.\" Prinz told the New York Post in December 2009 that they recast Penny, however that actress only lasted 13 weeks due to enormous \"uproar\". Prinz also wanted the show to deal with the death of the country's president John F. Kennedy in 1963. \"When Kennedy died, there was four days of complete television coverage, Friday to Monday, and it was just — the nation was in this deep mourning. It was just 9/11, for four days. And when we got back on Tuesday, I said, “We can’t just have a scene without mentioning what we’ve all been through.\" \"They said, 'Oh, no, we can’t do that. Just do the script.' So I started a scene with Grandpa, and of course it’s live, what are they going to do? So I said, 'Grandpa, here we are talking about Tommy, and after all the country’s been through for the last four days.' I got in what I had to say. And then they all rushed down from the control room and I said, 'Oh God, I just said the first thing that came into my head!'\" \"Irna got even with me in the end. I couldn’t wait for my contract to be over — I paid the analyst, I got un-crazy and I didn’t want to do the show anymore. And so Irna had me steal my brother’s child and go off to England. So this heroine is suddenly doing this terrible thing.\" \"I was supposed to be this monument of goodness.\" Storylines One of the first love stories of the show was that of Penny Hughes and Jeff Baker. When they fell in love, Penny's mother, Nancy Hughes disapproved of the relationship. Penny then accused her mother of loving her dead sister, Susan Hughes, more than her. Penny", "title": "Penny Hughes (As the World Turns)" }, { "docid": "208527", "text": "This article traces the history of the English penny from 1066 to 1154. The early Norman kings Following the Norman Conquest, William the Conqueror continued the Anglo-Saxon coinage system. As a penny was a fairly large unit of currency at the time, when small change was needed a penny would be cut in half or into quarters at the mint of issue. Most pennies of Kings William I and II show a front-facing bust of the king on the obverse (which was a departure from the Anglo-Saxon kings, who mostly used a sideways-facing bust), surrounded by a legend, usually PILLEMUS REX, PILLEM REX ANGLOR, PILLEM REX AN, PILLELM REX, PILLEM R (King William, or William King of the English — The P may have been a late usage of the letter wynn, a P-shaped rune which had the sound value of a \"w\"). The reverse of the coin usually showed some form of cross, surrounded by the legend identifying the moneyer and mint. Moneyers were personally responsible for maintaining the weight (at this time, 20 to 22 grains, 1.3 to 1.6 grams) and the silver fineness of the coins they produced — there are several recorded instances of moneyers who produced short-weight coins being mutilated or occasionally executed. Although there was only a small amount of space on the reverse, the moneyer's \"identification details\" were considered more important than the mint and were not often abbreviated (although often 'mis-spelt'). The moneyer's name would appear after a small cross, and is usually followed by \"ON\" (of) and the town's name. During the reign of William I (1066–1087) the demand for coins was so high that there were about 70 mints active; over 50 were active at the start of William II's reign in 1087, but only 34 were still in operation at his death in 1100. Location of mints, 1066–1100 During the reign of the first two Norman kings, mints were located in Barnstaple, Bath, Bedford, Bedwyn, Bridport, Bristol, Bury St Edmunds, Cambridge, Canterbury, Cardiff, Chester, Chichester, Christchurch, Colchester, Cricklade, Derby, Devitum (probably St David's, South Wales), Dorchester, Dover, Durham, Exeter, Gloucester, Guildford, Hastings, Hereford, Hertford, Huntingdon, Hythe, Ilchester, Ipswich, Launceston, Leicester, Lewes, Lincoln, London, Maldon, Malmesbury, Marlborough, Northampton, Norwich, Nottingham, Oxford, Peterborough, Pevensey, Rhuddlan, Rochester, Romney, Salisbury, Sandwich, Shaftesbury, Shrewsbury, Southwark, Stafford, Stamford, Steyning, Sudbury, Tamworth, Staffordshire, Taunton, Thetford, Totnes, Wallingford, Wareham, Warwick, Watchet, Wilton, Winchcombe, Winchester, Worcester, and York. During the relatively long reign of King Henry I (1100–1135) the penny remained the chief denomination, although round halfpennies and quarter pennies were introduced [these are mentioned in contemporary accounts] which proved very unpopular and only about twelve specimens (of halfpence, and no round quarters) are known to exist today. Fifteen major types of penny were produced, at around 54 mints which were intermittently active throughout the reign. The quality of the coins in the early part of the reign was poor, as the moneyers made a large profit by producing underweight coins or coins of debased fineness. In 1124", "title": "History of the English penny (1066–1154)" }, { "docid": "45878745", "text": "Penny Spencer (born 1 January 1948) is a retired British actress, best remembered for her performance as coquettish schoolgirl Sharon Eversleigh in the LWT television comedy series Please Sir! (1968–1970). Early life She attended Coombe Girls School in New Malden, Surrey. Career Spencer's earliest acting experience was with the amateur theatre group led by Buster Merryfield. In addition to Please Sir! (1968–70), her TV appearances include UFO (1970) and Public Eye (1972). Her films include The Whisperers (1967), The Best Pair of Legs in the Business (1973) and Under the Doctor (1976). In 2017 and 2019, she was a guest at conventions organised by the Gerry and Sylvia Anderson appreciation group Fanderson, and in 2018 appeared at a Please Sir! reunion event. Filmography Georgy Girl (1966) – Kate (uncredited) The Whisperers (1967) – Mavis Noonan Countdown to Danger (1967, Children's Film Foundation) – Sue The Best House in London (1969) – Evelyn (uncredited) The Best Pair of Legs in the Business (1973) – Eunice Under the Doctor (1976) – Marion Parson The Playbirds (1978) – W.P.C. Andrews Television Mickey Dunne (1967) – Starlet (Episode 5: \"Yes – But Can He Go the Distance?\") Please Sir! (1968–1970) – Sharon Eversleigh Man in a Suitcase (1968) – Second model (Episode 4: \"Variation on a Million Bucks: Part 1\") Dixon of Dock Green (1968) – Karen Dewar (Episode 18.8: \"The Informant\") Crossroads (1968) – Muriel Pawcett (Episodes 836–838) Mr Rose (1968) – Secretary (Episode 2.5: \"The Dead Commercial\") Call My Bluff (1969–1970) – Self/panellist (Episodes 4.3, 4.24, 4.39) All Star Comedy Carnival (1969 and 1971, Please Sir sketches) – Sharon Eversleigh Anything You Can Do (1970–1971) – Self/judge (Episodes 2.14, 3.3, 3.8) Frost on Sunday at the British Film and Television Awards (1970) – Sharon Eversleigh Paul Temple (1970) – Maria (Episode 2.3: \"Games People Play\") The Troubleshooters a.k.a. Mogul (1970) – Poppy Mandragora (Episode 6.9: \"Boys and Girls Come Out to Play\") UFO (1970) – Janis (Pilot episode: \"Identified\"); SHADO operative (Episode 5: \"A Question of Priorities\", Episode 22: \"The Responsibility Seat\") The Golden Shot (1970) – Self (\"Peoples past and present\", 5 April 1970) All Gas and Gaiters (1971) – Felicity Pugh Critchley (Episode 5.6: \"The Bishop Loses his Chaplain\") Seasons of the Year (1971) – Ruby (Episode 5: \"It's Cold Outside\") Public Eye (1972) – Pauline (Episode 6.6: \"Horse and Carriage\") The Dick Emery Show (1972) – Episode 11.8 Dixon of Dock Green (1972) – Girl at accident (Episode 14.19: \"The White Mercedes\") The Man Outside (1972) – Mildred (Episode 6: \"Cuculus Canorus\") A Picture of Katherine Mansfield (1973) – Kitty (Episode 1: \"The Garden Party\") This Is Your Life (1974) – Self/guest (Episode 14.8: subject Derek Guyler) Lucky Feller (1976) – Woman in street (Episode 11: \"The Boat\") References External links Interview with Penny Spencer and Georgina Moon Living people 1948 births British television actresses British film actresses 20th-century British actresses", "title": "Penny Spencer" }, { "docid": "6256408", "text": "Bad Penny is a CBBC sitcom written by English comedy writer Dean Wilkinson. It ran for two series (13 episodes) from 2003 to 2004. It starred CBBC presenter Anne Foy as the happy and sweet, yet troubled, Penny Dreadful, who was constantly trying to thwart the surreal and crooked dealings of her wayward family. Penny's dim-witted and henpecked father, Pa, was played by comedian Graham Fellows a.k.a. John Shuttleworth. In each episode, Penny would also have to contend with strange and bizarre characters that stumbled through her wardrobe, an occasional portal to other worlds and dimensions. The noble Penny always strove to help characters such as a foul mouthed runaway scarecrow, a Dickensian rat-catcher chasing a giant rat called Lord Ironside, and Chips – a Geordie space pilot dog in a story that borrowed from the plot of the 1968 film, Planet of the Apes. Indeed, the show's running catchphrase \"This is a mad house, a mad house!\" was taken directly from the film and was uttered once in every episode. The humour was a surreal blend of slapstick and intelligent dialogue with Pythonesque self-contained stories, sub plots and throwaway vignettes. The show's cast boasted a regular troupe of actors who played different parts each episode, including That's Life!'s Adrian Mills, Coronation Street's Martin Hancock and character actor Rusty Goffe who appeared in the original Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory as an Oompa-Loompa, and the original Star Wars as a Jawa and a Droid. Goffe, coincidentally enough, played Goober in Stupid!, another CBBC show written by Dean Wilkinson. Series 1 was directed by Graeme Harper, who directed 1980s episodes of Doctor Who as well as episodes of the 2006 series featuring David Tennant. 2003 British television series debuts 2004 British television series endings 2000s British children's television series BBC children's television shows British children's science fiction television series BBC television sitcoms British English-language television shows", "title": "Bad Penny (TV series)" }, { "docid": "17257295", "text": "Michael John Fles (born 11 November 1936), known both as John Fles and Michael Fles, is an American poet, editor, musician and film personality. Professor David James referred to him as \"the single most important promoter of underground film\" in Los Angeles. Biography Michael John Fles was born to a Dutch father, George Fles, and a British mother, Pearl Rimel. As conscious communists, his parents had moved to the Soviet Union, where his father fell victim to Joseph Stalin's Great Purge. The mother, pregnant with Michael John, had left the Soviet Union to give birth in London. Mother and son later emigrated to the United States, where Pearl Rimel found employment in the aircraft industry. Michael John grew up in Los Angeles and Ojai, California, where he graduated from the Ojai Valley School in 1950. Beat poet and editor Fles studied philosophy at the University of Chicago, but did not graduate. While a student, he became the managing editor of the Chicago Review. In 1959 Fles was involved in the founding of the influential literary magazine Big Table. Later he was the editor of The Trembling Lamb, a one shot literary magazine that published Antonin Artaud's \"Van Gogh: The Man Suicided by Society\", LeRoi Jones's \"The System of Dante's Inferno\", and Carl Solomon's \"Danish Impasse\". In 1960 and 1961 he was a managing and contributing editor of Kulchur. During all these years he published his poetry far and wide. Film personality and musician In October 1963 he founded the Movies Round Midnight program at the Cinema Theatre at 1122 N. Western Ave. in Los Angeles, along with Mike Getz. He ran the program until 1965. From 1962 and into the 1980s he wrote over a dozen movie scripts, usually with co-authors. Since, Fles has been active as a musician and music therapist, in the US, Canada, Mexico, and Israel. He lives in Trinidad, California and is now retired. Bibliography Poetry 1957 – Arrow-less Alleys (Three Penny Press) 1957 – Beat and Beatific (Three Penny Press), with Gene Maslow 1958 – Testament (Three Penny Press) 1959 – Lawrence Lies Crucified (Three Penny Press) 1964 – Doon Glyn, Summer 1963 (self-published) Fiction 1958 – The Man Who Lived Underground (unpublished screenplay), with John Evans after a story by Richard Wright Nonfiction 1960 – \"The End of the Affair, or Beyond the Beat Generation\", Village Voice 6 (8) (15 Dec): 4, 12. 1960 – \"The Root\", Kulchur 1960 (Spring): 39–41 1961 – \"The Great Chicago Poetry Reading\", Swank 8 (1) (March) 65–68, 70. 1961 – \"Uncle Bill Burroughs' Guided Tour: Naked Lunch\", Swank 8 (3) (July): 50. 1963 – 1963 – \"Are Movies Junk?\", Film Culture 29, republished as 1964 – 1995 – \"Sound Wave Mirror\", chapter 11 in Kenny CB (editor): Listening, Playing, Creating: Essays on the Power of Sound. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. References External links Michael John Fles, 1959 photos at Getty Images Sahaja, 2014 musical video produced by Shody Ryon 2017 interview of Michael", "title": "Michael John Fles" }, { "docid": "65025386", "text": "Uraan is a Pakistani television series, produced by Abdullah Kadwani and Asad Qureshi under their production banner 7th Sky Entertainment. It features Kinza Hashmi and Adeel Chaudhry as lead along with Usama Khan, Aijaz Aslam, Farhan Ahmed Malhi, Rubina Ashraf, Zainab Qayyum and Nida Mumtaz in pivotal roles. Plot Malika doesn’t want her life to be all about saving penny by penny. She and her brother, Aqeel, both wish to break free from the shackles of poverty and therefore, seek shortcuts for moneymaking. Malika begins to feel that her medium-waged fiancé is not worthy of her once she gets the attention of an influential media person Atif Nawaz— only to realise that it was all a hoax and her actual well-wishers were those whom she had betrayed. Cast Kinza Hashmi as Malika; Sister of Aqeel and Manahil, Asim's fiance and love interest of Atif and Nooryan. Adeel Chaudhry as Asim; A simple and decent person, cousin of Malika, Aqeel and Manahil. Aijaz Aslam as Atif Nawaz; A renowned actor who fall in love with Malika. Usama Khan as Nooryan; Love interest of Malika and only son of Baaji Rubina Ashraf as Baaji; Long time servant of Atif and his family who after death of Atif's parents resides with him. Farhan Ahmed Malhi as Aqeel; Brother of Malika and Manahil and Boyfriend of Zoya. Nida Mumtaz as Zahida; Mother of Malika, Aqeel and Manahil (Munni) and elder sister of Salma. Rimha Ahmed as Minahil (Munni); Youngest daughter of Zahida who is hard working. Lubna Aslam as Salma; Asim's mother and Sister of Zahida. Zainab Qayyum as Zoha; Above age girlfriend of Aqeel. Danish Wakeel as Zaheer; Cousin of Zoha. Arez Ahmed as Waqas; Wealthy friend of Aqeel. Annie Zaidi as Sumaira; Waqas's mother Zohreh Ali as Navera; Cousin of Waqas Mahrukh Rizvi as Sana; office colleague of Asim Khaled Anam as Faizan Saba Khan Mubassira Khanum as grand mother of Asim. Production Casting In the first half of 2020, it was reported that Kinza Hashmi is going to appear in a serial produced by 7th Sky Entertainment. Later it was reported that Adeel Chaudhry will play the lead protagonist along with Usama Khan as parallel lead. Also, Aijaz Aslam said to join the cast as an antagonist. Farhan Malhi also joined the cast after the short break from television. He was last seen in Piya Naam Ka Diya, that also aired on Geo Entertainment. Senior actresses namely Nida Mumtaz, Rubina Ashraf and Zainab Qayyum were cast to portray supporting roles. It is the second appearance of Malhi and Chaudhry together after Hiddat. Release The first promo of the serial released on 20 August featuring Kinza, Adeel and Usama. The second promo released on 22 August featuring Kinza, Farhan and Nida, whereas the third teaser starring Kinza and Nida, released on 24 August on Geo Entertainment. On 25 August, it was announced that serial will be replacing Tamanna, airing from 31 August, Monday to Friday at 9:00 PM. Reception The show was", "title": "Uraan (2020 TV series)" }, { "docid": "680361", "text": "Dirty Dancing is a 1987 American romantic drama dance film written by Eleanor Bergstein, produced by Linda Gottlieb, and directed by Emile Ardolino. Starring Patrick Swayze and Jennifer Grey, it tells the story of Frances \"Baby\" Houseman (Grey), a young woman who falls in love with dance instructor Johnny Castle (Swayze) at a vacation resort. The film was based on screenwriter Bergstein's own childhood. She originally wrote a screenplay for the Michael Douglas film It's My Turn, but she ultimately ended up conceiving a story for a film which became Dirty Dancing. She finished the script in 1985, but management changes at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer put the film in development hell. The production company was changed to Vestron Pictures with Emile Ardolino as director and Linda Gottlieb as producer. Filming took place in Lake Lure, North Carolina, and Mountain Lake, Virginia, with the film's score composed by John Morris and dance choreography by Kenny Ortega. Dirty Dancing premiered at the Cannes Film Festival on May 12, 1987 and was released on August 21 in the United States, earning over $214 million worldwide—$64 million in the US and Canada and $150 million in other territories. It earned positive reviews from critics, who particularly praised the performances of Grey and Swayze, and its soundtrack, created by Jimmy Ienner, generated two multi-platinum albums and multiple singles. \"(I've Had) The Time of My Life\", performed by Bill Medley and Jennifer Warnes, won the Academy Award for Best Original Song, the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song, and the Grammy Award for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals. The film's popularity successfully launched its titular franchise, including a 1988 television series, multiple reality competition shows, a 2004 prequel titled Dirty Dancing: Havana Nights, a stage production which has had sellout performances in multiple countries, a made-for-television musical adaptation in 2017, and an untitled sequel scheduled to be released in 2025, with Grey reprising her role. Plot In the summer of 1963, teenager Frances \"Baby\" Houseman is vacationing with her family—cardiologist father Jake, mother Marge and older sister Lisa—at Kellerman's, an upscale Catskills resort in the Borscht Belt owned by Jake's sarcastic best friend Max. Exploring one night, Baby secretly observes Max instructing the waiters, all Ivy League students, to romance the guests' daughters, no matter how unattractive. Max also demeans the working-class entertainment staff, including Johnny Castle, one of the dance instructors. Baby is attracted to Johnny and dances briefly with him after his kindhearted cousin, Billy, introduces them at a secret \"dirty dancing\" party for resort staff. Max's grandson Neil flirts with Baby in the meantime. Baby learns Johnny's dance partner Penny is pregnant by Robbie, a waiter and womanizer who attends the Yale School of Medicine and now has his eye on Lisa. When Robbie refuses to help Penny, Baby borrows money from her father, without explaining why, to pay for Penny's abortion. At first, Penny declines as it would cause her and Johnny to miss a performance at a", "title": "Dirty Dancing" }, { "docid": "55532601", "text": "In for a Penny: Raves & Faves is a compilation album by the British rock band Slade, released in America only by Shout! Factory in April 2007. It was the second Slade compilation to be released in America since Shout! Factory's 2004 release Get Yer Boots On: The Best of Slade. The compilation features fifteen tracks, covering the band's career from 1970 to 1977. It includes album tracks, B-sides and singles that were hits in the UK and Europe. Track listing Critical reception Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic commented: \"In for a Penny: Raves & Faves functions as a \"more of the best\" companion to Shout! Factory's excellent 2004 Get Yer Boots On: The Best of Slade. In for a Penny concentrates on hits that didn't climb as high on the charts, as well as deep album tracks, B-sides, and non-LP singles. This isn't much use for big hardcore fans, since most of the rarities appear on expanded reissues or other British comps, but this isn't designed with them in mind: it's for those who have Get Yer Boots On, or some other hits compilation, and want to hear more. [The] compilation producers sort through the abundance of Slade recordings and whittles it down to a dynamite 15-track collection. Even if they're not quite as timeless as Slade's biggest hits, these are pieces of glittering trash from the litterbin that are as much giddy fun as anything on Get Yer Boots On, which means anybody who loved that disc shouldn't hesitate to pick this set up.\" CMJ New Music Monthly wrote: \"This is the companion jam to the fine Get Yer Boots On: The Best of Slade. Nab that first if you haven't yet acquainted yourself with this fab band of platform-pouncing, plaid-unitard glam geniuses. If there actually was anything way-out and groovy about the '70s, Slade is the embodiment of it. Huge gods in the UK, they never made much of a dent here until Quiet Riot covered, like, 20 of their songs in the '80s. But don't hold that against Slade. Contrary to the usual critical putdowns of their genre's teen-bubblegum tendencies, the craw-hooking singalongs and Nuggets-era covers here prove Slade's deep knowledge of big harmonies, rugged riffs and really funny phrases about constant sexual pursuit. With loopy off-the-beaten-hits rarities, swell liner note stories for each one and garish band pics, the only complaint is that the mastering is whack, with some tunes much louder than others. Otherwise, you're in for a pound.\" Jan Ramsey of OffBeat stated: \"In For a Penny is Shout! Factory's second cull from Slade's catalog, and oddly, it might be a better starting place than 2004's Get Yer Boots On or Sladest. Without the hits that defined the band, In for a Penny shows Slade to be a really good, hard blues band, not quite a garage band but one with a garage band's edge. It opens with a version of \"Shape of Things to Come\" that easily cuts the Yardbirds' version, and", "title": "In for a Penny: Raves & Faves" }, { "docid": "690032", "text": "Tracey Gold (born May 16, 1969) is an American actress and former child star known for playing Carol Seaver on the 1980s sitcom Growing Pains. Acting career Tracey Gold became an actress at the age of four, first appearing in a Pepsi print ad. She appeared in two canceled series, Shirley with Shirley Jones in 1979, and Goodnight Beantown, starring Bill Bixby in 1983. Gold was originally cast as the youngest daughter in the original pilot series of the sitcom Gimme A Break! starring Nell Carter, but was replaced by actress Lara Jill Miller when the show went to series. She played one of Albert Finney and Diane Keaton's four daughters in the feature film Shoot the Moon (1982). Gold also guest starred on her sister Missy Gold's series Benson in 1985, playing the cousin of Missy's character, Katie Gatling. In 1985, Gold auditioned for the role of Carol Seaver on Growing Pains, but was not initially cast. The actress chosen for the pilot was Elizabeth Ward, who had starred alongside Gold in The Hand-Me-Down Kid, a 1983 ABC Afterschool Special. However, test audiences did not favor Ward in the role of Carol, and she was replaced by Gold. Growing Pains ran from 1985 until 1992. During this time, Gold became a famous teen star and battled anorexia. In 1988, Gold also starred as Angela Strull in the teen film Dance 'til Dawn. On August 9, 1988, Gold and her two sisters were the only celebrities at the funeral of murdered child-actor Judith Barsi. Gold read A Child Of Mine (from the poet Edgar Albert Guest) as a eulogy. After the end of the series, Gold continued to work as an actress. Over the next decade, she starred in several television movies. In 2003, Gold appeared in an episode of the TV show The Dead Zone as the character Penny Barton. Gold was a contestant on the program Celebrity Mole: Yucatán in 2004, and starred in the movie Safe Harbor in 2006. She hosted the TV Guide Channel mini-show Trapped in TV Guide. In addition, she hosted the TLC series The Secret Life of a Soccer Mom, which debuted on March 3, 2008. Gold appeared as the spokesperson in \"Baby Sleeps Safe\", a national television infomercial for Baby Guardian. On January 2, 2012, she appeared on the ABC network's reality series, Celebrity Wife Swap, trading places with singer Carnie Wilson for a week. On July 24, 2013, Gold returned to sitcoms with an appearance on the Melissa & Joey episode, \"Something Happened,\" as one half of a lesbian couple with a home-schooled daughter. Gold starred in the first episode of Heartbreakers called \"Shot Through The Heart\" on ID on August 13, 2014. She competed on and won the twenty fourth season of Worst Cooks in America, the show's seventh celebrity edition titled That's So 90s, airing in April and May 2022. Battle with anorexia Gold said around the age of seven, she thought about dieting, having learned the word and", "title": "Tracey Gold" }, { "docid": "61348577", "text": "Dave Albert Williams Jr. (August 20, 1920 - March 12, 1982) was an American jazz, blues, and rhythm & blues pianist, bandleader, singer, and songwriter. He was the author of \"I Ate Up The Apple Tree\", a staple of contemporary New Orleans brass bands. His career as a working musician spanned five decades. Early life Williams was born in New Orleans, Louisiana on August 20, 1920, to Dave Sr. and Viola (nee Frazier) Williams. His mother, who played piano and organ at the First Free Will Baptist Church, was his first teacher. He was playing piano by age five. Williams grew up in an extended musical family that included his cousin Preservation Hall drummer Josiah \"Cie\" Frazier. Frazier commented, \"In my family there are many musicians interrelated. My father played guitar, my two brothers played piano. My cousins Simon, Eddie, John, and their father Billy Marrero all played. Also there was my brother Sam who played drum, my two sisters Victorine and Loretta played piano, and my cousin Dave Williams piano.\" In his youth Williams studied with Papa Celestin, and by age twelve was playing \"nickel parties\". He explained, \"... you paid a nickel to come in and anything from a penny to a nickel for homemade ice cream, pies, and things like that. It was supposed to be for the children, but grown-up people would buy alcohol and water undercover.\" Three years later Williams was recruited to play with his second cousins Paul Barnes (\"Polo\") and Lawrence Marrero at the Cadillac Club in the Ninth Ward. He also worked at the San Jacinto Club and the old Perseverance Hall, social clubs that sponsored dances and jazz performances. Williams' career as a musician was interrupted when he entered the Army in 1941. He served in the 590th Ordnance Ammunition Company in the Pacific theater. Education Williams had his first formal musical instruction when he enrolled at the Grunewald School of Music in 1948 under the G.I. Bill. Faculty members included Louis Barbarin, Willie Humphrey, Sr., Clyde Kerr Sr., and Wardell Quezergue. During this time he played at many of New Orleans' legendary nightclubs including Club Desire, The Hideaway, and the Dew Drop Inn. Williams also often played at affairs for black social organizations. He played in the Freddie Kohlman band, then in bands at many of the music clubs on Bourbon Street beginning in the 1950s and through the early 1980s. Career In 1967 New Orleans clarinetist Louis Cottrell Jr. was chosen for a U.S.O. tour to entertain U.S. troops in Vietnam. He took a band that included Williams on piano and vocals. Headquartered in Saigon, the band performed twice a day, moving around the country from show to show by helicopter. Williams recalled the junket in an interview with The Hogan Jazz Archive at Tulane University. He noted that the Army helicopters were sometimes co-opted to carry out casualties, \"packing up dead people, put 'em in a bag, put you right along with 'em.\" The tour also traveled to", "title": "Dave \"Fat Man\" Williams" }, { "docid": "5647523", "text": "Blansky's Beauties is an American sitcom television series and ostensible spin-off of Happy Days that aired on ABC from February 12 to June 27, 1977. The main character of the series was introduced on an episode of Happy Days, then set in the early 1960s, but the show is set in the present day of 1977. The series was a rare ratings flop for producer Garry Marshall and was cancelled after only 13 episodes. Synopsis Nancy Walker played Howard Cunningham's visiting cousin Nancy Blansky from Las Vegas on the February 4, 1977, episode of Happy Days. Blansky's Beauties premiered the following week, on February 12, 1977. Nancy Blansky (Walker) was a longtime Las Vegas showbiz vet (since the 1950s) and current den mother to a bevy of beautiful Las Vegas showgirls. In addition to keeping order in the chaotic apartment complex where they all lived, Nancy staged the girls' big numbers at the Oasis Hotel. Emilio (Johnny Desmond), the maître d', was Nancy's boyfriend. To help Nancy defray costs of her apartment, Ethel \"Sunshine\" Akalino (Lynda Goodfriend) and Bambi (Caren Kaye) shared it with her, along with her nephews Joey DeLuca (Eddie Mekka), a choreographer, and leering, 12-year-old (\"going on 28\") Anthony DeLuca (Scott Baio). Anthony was forever trying to impress Bambi, who much to his chagrin treated him like a kid brother, as did almost all of Nancy's girls. Also sharing Nancy's apartment was a huge Great Dane named Blackjack who was shown in the opening credits playing blackjack. Links to parent show and other spin-offs Eddie Mekka's character Joey DeLuca was a younger cousin to Carmine Ragusa, Mekka's 1950s-era character on Laverne & Shirley. During the production of Blansky's Beauties, Mekka continued in his starring roles on both series, a rare occurrence of one actor assuming two regular scripted roles, in two different prime-time series, at the same time. The series' star, Nancy Walker, had just finished several seasons of the same situation in which she had co-starred simultaneously in both McMillan & Wife and Rhoda, while also maintaining her ongoing role as diner waitress Rosie, the spokesman for Bounty paper towels, which she continued during Blansky's Beauties. In episode 1 (\"Blansky's Biking Beauty\") Joey introduced Nancy Blansky to stunt motorcyclist Pinky Tuscadero (Roz Kelly), who was instantly hired for Nancy's stage show. Pinky wore the same outfit as in her Happy Days episodes, though her hair was now in a '70s-style shag cut. The show also implied a link to the then-ongoing show Laverne & Shirley; in the episode \"Nancy Remembers Laverne\", Nancy recalls working with a clumsy girl named Laverne DeFazio (Penny Marshall's character on Laverne & Shirley) back around 1957. She discovered that, despite her clumsiness, Laverne was a great dancer and Nancy offered her a job on the spot, which Laverne declined. Pat Morita, after the failure of his series Mr. T and Tina, was added to the cast as Arnold, the character he originated on Happy Days. Here he ran a coffee shop,", "title": "Blansky's Beauties" }, { "docid": "30871765", "text": "Sky King was an American radio and television series. Its lead character was Arizona rancher and aircraft pilot Schuyler \"Sky\" King. The series had strong Western elements. Cattle rancher King usually captured criminals and spies and found lost hikers, though he did so with the use of his airplane, the Songbird. Two twin-engine Cessna airplanes were used by King during the course of the TV series. The first was a Cessna T-50 and in later episodes a Cessna 310B was used till the series's end. The 310's make and model type number was prominently displayed during the closing titles. King and his niece Penny lived on the Flying Crown Ranch, near the fictitious town of Grover, Arizona. Penny's brother Clipper also appeared during the first season. Penny and Clipper were also pilots, although they were inexperienced and looked to their uncle for guidance. Penny was an accomplished air racer, rated as a multiengine pilot, whom Sky trusted to fly the Songbird. Radio synopsis The radio show began in 1946 and was based on a story by Roy Winsor, the brainchild of Robert Morris Burtt and Wilfred Gibbs Moore, who also created Captain Midnight. Several actors played the part of Sky, including Earl Nightingale, John Reed King, and Roy Engel. Jack Bivans played Clipper, and Beryl Vaughan portrayed Penny. Radio premiums were offered to listeners, as was the case with many radio shows of the day. For example, the Sky King Secret Signalscope was used on November 2, 1947, in the Mountain Detour episode. Listeners were advised to get their own for only 15 cents and the inner seal from a jar of Peter Pan Peanut Butter, which was produced by the sponsor, Derby Foods. The Signalscope included a glow-in-the-dark signaling device, whistle, magnifying glass, and Sky King's private code. With the Signalscope, one could also see around corners and trees. The premiums were innovative, such as the Sky King Spy-Detecto Writer, which had a decoder (cipher disk), magnifying glass, measuring scale, and printing mechanism in a single package slightly over two inches long. Other notable premiums were the Magni-Glo Writing Ring, which had a luminous element, a secret compartment, a magnifier, and a ballpoint pen, all in the crown piece of a \"fits any finger\" ring. The radio show continued until 1954, broadcasting simultaneously with the first portion of the television version. Television synopsis The television version starred Kirby Grant as Sky King and Gloria Winters as Penny. Other regular characters included Sky's nephew Clipper, played by Ron Hagerthy, and Mitch the sheriff, portrayed by Ewing Mitchell. Mitch, a competent and intelligent law enforcement officer, depended on his friend Sky's flying skills to solve the harder cases. Other recurring characters included Jim Bell, the ranch foreman, played in four episodes by Chubby Johnson, as well as Sheriff Hollister portrayed by Monte Blue in five episodes, and Bob Carey, portrayed in ten episodes by Norman Ollestad. After appearing in the first 19 episodes of the show, Hagerthy was drafted into the", "title": "Sky King" }, { "docid": "55097262", "text": "SPF-18 is a 2017 American coming-of-age romantic comedy film directed by Alex Israel in his directorial debut. Israel co-wrote the screenplay with Michael Berk. The film stars Carson Meyer, Noah Centineo, Bianca A. Santos, Jackson White, Molly Ringwald and Rosanna Arquette, and is narrated by Goldie Hawn. Summary Seventeen year old Penny Cooper is obsessed with filmography, since as a child it was the only way to get close to her mother, a Hollywood actress. She just graduated high school and is looking forward to the next four years at Northwestern. Johnny is still coping with the loss of his dad, when he is asked to house sit for a friend. His friend tells him to \"live it up\" and invite friends to stay at the house, which is very luxurious and by the beach. Johnny then invites Penny, who is his girlfriend, and her free-spirited cousin, Camilla. Knowing Penny has not lost her virginity to Johnny yet, she suggests a \"prom do-over.\" Penny and Johnny have sex that night. After the do-over, Camilla spots a person swimming nude on the beach. Unbeknownst to her, the person is Ash Baker, a country singer who quit his agency after they tried to change his image. The next morning, a local lifeguard named Steve attempts to cite Ash for camping on the beach. Penny, Camilla and Johnny intervene and invite Ash to the house. After exchanging pleasantries the group takes a group surfing lesson with Steve later that day. Camilla complains that the wetsuits are all plain and black. Later that night the group bond back at the house. Penny and Ash begin to bond in particular. Still upset about his father's death, Johnny rides off from the group to do some night surfing. Cast Carson Meyer as Penny Cooper Noah Centineo as Johnny Sanders Jr. Bianca A. Santos as Camilla Barnes Jackson White as Ash Baker Sean Russel Herman as Steve Galmarini Rosanna Arquette as Linda Sanders Molly Ringwald as Faye Cooper Keanu Reeves as himself Pamela Anderson as herself Goldie Hawn as the narrator Production Principal photography took place in Malibu, California in May 2015. The film was released on iTunes on September 29, 2017, and was made available on Netflix in October 2017. Reception On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has 2 reviews; both are negative. References External links 2017 films 2010s coming-of-age comedy films 2017 romantic comedy films American coming-of-age comedy films American romantic comedy films Films shot in Los Angeles Coming-of-age romance films 2017 directorial debut films 2010s English-language films 2010s American films", "title": "SPF-18" }, { "docid": "13519459", "text": "The Penny Dreadfuls are a British sketch comedy troupe consisting of comedians Humphrey Ker, David Reed and Thom Tuck, often supported by Margaret Cabourn-Smith. The troupe are best known for writing and performing The Brothers Faversham and The Penny Dreadfuls Present..., comic plays on BBC Radio 4. History Early history and Fringe shows (2006–2010) Ker, Reed and Tuck first met as students at the University of Edinburgh through the student comedy troupe The Improverts in 2001. They performed together for the next four years before forming, along with founding member Jamie Anderson, The Penny Dreadfuls. In 2006, they made their debut appearance at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe with their Victorian-themed sketch show Aeneas Faversham. The show's executive producer was Idil Sukan, while its associate producer and technical director were Steve Greer and Neil E Hobbs respectively. This group would go on to produce each Fringe show for the troupe for the next four years: Aeneas Faversham Returns in 2007, Aeneas Faversham Forever in 2008, The Never Man in 2009, and The Penny Dreadfuls in 2010. TV & BBC Radio (2007–present) The troupe appeared on television in 2007 with a sketch in BBC Three's Comedy Shuffle. They then made the transfer onto radio in January 2008 with their own show, The Brothers Faversham, guest starring Miles Jupp and Ingrid Oliver. The four-part series was a fictional biography following the life and demise of one of the Faversham brothers. A second series, More Brothers Faversham, was broadcast in October 2008 and later broadcast on BBC Radio 4. Following on from this shift towards narrative comedy, in 2009 they wrote a comic retelling of the story of Guy Fawkes for the Afternoon Drama slot on Radio 4. While they returned to the sketch format for their 2010 Edinburgh Fringe show. their radio comedy followed in the vein of Guy Fawkes, writing a new historical comedy every year (except 2010 and 2013) for BBC Radio 4. In 2011 Margaret Cabourn-Smith played a supporting role in Revolution, and became a regular fixture in most subsequent The Penny Dreadfuls Presents... plays. From 2012 onward, each play in The Penny Dreadfuls Presents... series was credited solely to Reed. Radio episodes All episodes star Ker, Reed, and Tuck. The Brothers Faversham (2008) More Brothers Faversham (2008) The Penny Dreadfuls Present... (2009–present) Awards References External links The Penny Dreadfuls on David Reed's website The Penny Dreadfuls on Twitter Edinburgh Festival performers British comedy troupes Comedy collectives BBC Radio 4 programmes", "title": "The Penny Dreadfuls" }, { "docid": "19731992", "text": "Bolt is a video game developed by Avalanche Software and published by Disney Interactive Studios for Wii, Xbox 360, PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, Nintendo DS, and Microsoft Windows. It is based on the 2008 film of the same name. Mark Walton, Sean Donnelan, and Malcolm McDowell reprise their roles as Rhino, Penny's TV father, and Dr. Calico respectively. Miley Cyrus, who voiced Penny, is replaced by Ashleigh Prather. Synopsis Setting In the game, the player follows and controls the super dog Bolt and Penny on various missions taking place in the fictional TV show universe from the movie. The levels are shared between Bolt and Penny. By using Bolt's superpowers, the player can fight hordes of enemies. New powers, such as Superbark and Laser Eyes, will be unlocked during the game. While Bolt has superpowers, Penny has only her maneuverability by using her Wheelbar and is incentivized to take down enemies in a stealthy way. The game focuses on Bolt's fake TV life, not the actual movie storyline. Penny's father has been kidnapped by the evil Dr. Calico, and Penny and Bolt must travel through 5 countries to rescue him. All of this is actually on TV, and Rhino is watching a DVD pack of all the 25 Bolt episodes, possibly at the rural home at the end of the movie with Bolt's family (Penny, Mittens, Bolt himself, and Penny's mother). On the Nintendo DS version, players can play a mini-game called Rhino's Mission, where they go through mazes and avoid obstacles, like cannons. Despite that the end of the Bolt film shows a new storyline, it can be implied that these episodes featured in the game are mostly the episodes in the first season, despite the movie starting with the chase sequence. Plot Penny's father has been captured by Calico and his organization in an attempt to construct a powerful weapon of untold power. Penny and Bolt travel to Italy in an effort to find out more, but they get nowhere other than learning of Calico's location in Belize. Calico finally manages to capture Penny once she and Bolt find his temple base in the Yucatán jungle. To prove to Penny's father that she is alive and being held hostage, Calico gives Penny a cell phone with her father on the other line. Calico then attempts to flee the crumbling temple with his new captive but decides to leave her there with Bolt to die, saying, \"As long as the professor believes she's alive, he will do what is asked and finish the weapon. Too bad we can't all have nine lives\". However, Penny and Bolt survive and discover Calico's new base in the Russian Arctic with a large rocket in the center. But upon entering, Penny notices micro-focusing mirrors and realizes that it is her father's satellite instead of a warhead. All too late as Calico seals the entrance and, to Bolt's horror, launches it with Penny inside screaming for help. Bolt then jumps onto the rocket and", "title": "Bolt (video game)" }, { "docid": "20112694", "text": "Make Me a Millionaire is the second television game show of the California Lottery, having replaced The Big Spin on January 17, 2009. Originally contracted for a four-year run, the show was cancelled after eighteen months, with its final episode telecast on August 7, 2010. On July 9, five unaired episodes were uploaded to the California Lottery's official YouTube page. Contestants received a guaranteed minimum prize of $2,000, while the grand prize was a progressive jackpot of at least $1,000,000. Games The show had four random-play games, and did not retain the Big Wheel or Dream Machine from the show's predecessor. The games are described here in the order of their appearance in the show. Some other merchandise was also given away in addition to the stated prizes. The following games were mostly based on the second format of the Florida Lottery's Flamingo Fortune. Lucky Penny Lucky Penny gives to each of three players a prize of either $2,000 in cash or a car. Each player begins with ten \"penny\" tokens and gets four turns to generate a random number from 1 to 9 that matches or comes close to a target number; the target number in each turn is a different digit in the price of the car. At each turn, the difference between a player's random number and the target number is the number of pennies that the player loses; matching the target number exactly wins back two of the previously lost pennies (a player cannot have more than ten pennies). At the end of the game, each player with at least one penny left wins the car. With no pennies, a player gets $2,000. The game appears similar to The Price Is Right'''s pricing game Lucky Seven, but with the fundamental difference that Lucky Penny is purely a game of chance. Safe Cracker In Safe Cracker, two players compete for up to $92,000 in cash. The game offers two rounds, but only the first-round winner gets the option of continuing to the second round. In the first round, each player begins with $2,000 and gets up to five turns to add to it. The players alternate in choosing from a set of ten safes. When chosen, a safe is opened to reveal its contents and remove it from further play. Seven of the safes have amounts ranging from $1,000 to $20,000. The other three are empty. Players accumulate values until one of the players has chosen two empty safes. That player leaves with half of his or her accumulated amount. The other player receives a $5,000 bonus and the option to leave with the accumulated winnings or go to the second round. In the second round, the player chooses one safe out of five. Three of those safes will double the player's winnings, but the other two will halve the winnings. Regardless of the outcome, each player receives 500 Make Me a Millionaire scratchers. California Cool California Cool is a one-player game with up to four rounds", "title": "Make Me a Millionaire" }, { "docid": "7677053", "text": "\"The Pushbike Song\" is a song originally recorded by Australian band The Mixtures and released in 1970. The single was a chart success, reaching numbers one and two in the Australian and UK charts respectively. It has subsequently been covered by various artists. History and chart success Written by brothers Idris and Evan Jones, \"The Pushbike Song\" was released in 1970 and reached the top-spot for two weeks in the Australian charts in March 1971. It also proved popular in the UK, reaching the number two spot on 31 January (beaten by George Harrison's \"My Sweet Lord\"), and number 31 in Canada. As Will Hodgkinson has pointed out, the song is essentially Mungo Jerry's In the Summertime with similar but different lyrics. The Mixtures had previously had a hit with a version of In The Summertime in Australia. (Mungo Jerry subsequently covered The Pushbike Song in 1990). Chart performance Weekly charts Year-end charts Covers Toomapojad \"Jalgrattal sõidan\" (1970, Estonia) Faraon \"Šlapací kolo\" (1971, Czechoslovakia) Vinyl and CD releases Mungo Jerry (1990, UK) The Beggars (70s, Germany) The Great American Disaster (70s, USA) Anita Harris (2008, UK) Pinky and Perky (1971, UK) The Wurzels (1978, UK) - parody of the original song; appears on The Best of Adge Cutler and the Wurzels Leon Henry/Carlin (1971, UK) - appears on Top of the Tots Pop Party Vol. 3 (Pickwick Records) The New Seekers/Mick Flinn (2006) - appears on The New Seekers Live The Clowns (1972, Brazil) - appears on the album A Patota Olivia Newton-John (2011, Australia) - appears on the soundtrack to the film A Few Best Men The Henry Rudolph Singers (1972, New Zealand) - from the album of the same name. Television / other A music video was created for the song in 1970, which depicted the band and friends (including the model Monica Hughes) riding bicycles through the streets of Melbourne. Filmed in black and white, it was notable for scenes involving a procession of bicycles (including a penny farthing) and rollerskaters on a busy six-lane Melbourne arterial road, and a scene of four members of the band 'riding' a tandem bicycle atop a car transporter travelling at speed across the King Street Bridge (Melbourne). The song was used in a sketch by Paul Hogan on The Paul Hogan Show, which parodied the promotional film, and featured cast member and 1976 Miss World pageant runner up Karen Pini Australia's Young Talent Time also performed the song in a 1986 episode. Australian children's show Play School recorded a cover for the album There's a Bear in There, sung by Philip Quast. Australian singer-songwriter Olivia Newton-John recorded a cover for the soundtrack of the 2011 comedy film A Few Best Men. In 2012, \"The Pushbike Song\" was used on an advertising campaign for Tooheys 5 Seeds Cloudy Cider. The vocals on that version are purportedly a performance by \"gypsy banjo player, Benny 'The Giant' Gogasa\" recorded via Skype. This is probably a spoof on the part of the advertising agency,", "title": "The Pushbike Song" }, { "docid": "8502001", "text": "Penelope Halsall (née Jones; 24 November 1946 – 31 December 2011) was a prolific English writer of over 200 romance novels. She started writing regency romances as Caroline Courtney, and wrote contemporary romances as Penny Jordan and historical romances as Annie Groves (her mother's maiden name). She also wrote novels as Melinda Wright and Lydia Hitchcock. Her books have sold over 70 million copies worldwide and have been translated into many languages. Biography Penelope Jones was born on 24 November 1946 in Preston, Lancashire, the eldest of three children born to Anthony Winn Jones and his wife, Margaret Louise (née Groves), She had a brother, Anthony, and a sister, Prudence. A keen reader from childhood, her mother would leave her in the children's section of the local library while she changed her father's library books. Her story-telling career began at the age of eight when she began telling original bedtime stories to her younger sister. Her favourite books were those of Jane Austen, Dorothy Dunnett, Catherine Cookson, Georgette Heyer, Charles Dickens, William Shakespeare's plays and poetry and the Bible. After reading a serialised Mills & Boon book in a woman's magazine, she fell in love with the hero. Jones was eleven and she quickly became an avid fan. Jones left grammar school in Rochdale with O-Levels in English Language, English Literature and Geography. In her early days, she spent fourteen years working as a shorthand typist in Manchester. Jones married Steve Halsall, an accountant, who died of cancer, predeceasing her. They did not have children, but she had nieces, nephews and godchildren. Jordan died of cancer on 31 December 2011, aged 65, in Cheshire, England. Writing career By her early twenties, Jordan was writing for herself, but her writing career began in earnest when she was 30, encouraged and supported by her husband. He bought her, at a time when he could ill afford it, the small electric typewriter on which she typed her first books. She entered a competition run by the Romantic Novelists' Association. Although she did not win, an agent looking for a new-style Georgette Heyer, contacted the R.N.A. In March 1979, she published her first novel under the pseudonym Caroline Courtney, Duchess in Disguise, the same year she published other 4 books. Under this pen-name she published 25 regency romances until 1986. From 1981 to 1983, she signed 3 air-hostess romps as Melinda Wright and 2 thrillers as Lydia Hitchcock, published by Columbine House. In 1981, Mills & Boon accepted her first novel for them, Falcon's Prey, signed as Penny Jordan. Since then, almost 70 million copies of her 167 Mills & Boon (or Harlequin) novels have been sold worldwide. From 2003, she returned to writing historical novels as Annie Groves (she adopted her mother's maiden-name). Jordan gained much of her inspiration from human interest stories in the news as well as her own family history. She adapted a story told by her grandmother Elsie Jones in Ellie Pride. Bibliography References and sources External links Penny", "title": "Penny Jordan" }, { "docid": "13215274", "text": "Night Train to Murder is a 1984 British comedy television film, directed by Joseph McGrath and starring Morecambe and Wise. It was the last work that Eric Morecambe and Ernie Wise worked on together before Morecambe's death in 1984 (the comedian being in poor health at the time of filming). It was written as a pastiche of the works of writers including Agatha Christie and Edgar Wallace, and is set in 1946—featuring Morecambe and Wise ostensibly as 1940s versions of themselves. The duo's move from the BBC to Thames in 1978 was a much publicised media event, and one of the main reasons for their move was to make films and move away from the format of The Morecambe & Wise Show that had proved so popular in the previous decade. The film was completed in March 1983, but not screened until after Morecambe's death the following year. It was originally made with a laughter track, but this was absent when broadcast, and again so when later released on both VHS and DVD. The film features a plot of family members dying in strange circumstances and the two leads are drawn into this when Eric's niece Kathy (Lysette Anthony) is visited by the family's lawyer, played by Fulton Mackay. It was made largely on location, produced on videotape, and was originally broadcast on ITV on 3 January 1985. The closing moments of the film see Eric and Ernie walking off together, onto the next gig, making it their final screen image together. Cast Eric Morecambe as Eric Morecambe Ernie Wise as Ernie Wise Margaret Courtenay as Dame Flora Kenneth Haigh as Cousin Milton / Cousin Homer Fulton Mackay as Mackay Pamela Salem as Cousin Zelda Lysette Anthony as Kathy Chalmers Roger Brierley as Chief Superintendent Rivers Edward Judd as Knife Thrower Ben Aris as Theatre Manager Tony Boncza as Joe Frank Coda as Stage Manager Mike Crane as Big Jim Robert Longden as Vicar Penny Meredith as Mrs. Manzini Tim Stern as Tiny Big Jim Richard Vernon as Uncle Felix Reception Richard Last, reviewing for The Daily Telegraph, wrote \"I would have preferred to keep my memories of the great Morecambe and Wise partnership without the help of Thames's dismal Night Train to Murder... Very, very occasionally the old Eric and Ernie magic peeped out. Mostly it was smothered\". Philip Purser in The Sunday Telegraph described the film as \"a desperate parody of pre-war English thrillers\". John Oliver in Screenonline calls it \"lumbering, poorly filmed, unfunny\". Patrick Stoddart for The Sunday Times was more favourable: \"an elegant, underplayed, witty little gem... conclusive proof that Morecambe and Wise were quite simply the most proficient comedians of the age\". References External links 1984 television specials Morecambe and Wise ITV comedy Television series by Fremantle (company) Television shows produced by Thames Television British English-language television shows British television films Films set on trains Films directed by Joseph McGrath (film director)", "title": "Night Train to Murder" }, { "docid": "32833358", "text": "Penny McNamee (born 17 March 1983) is an Australian actress. Early and personal life Penny McNamee was born in Sydney to Peter and Helen McNamee. She has three sisters, including actress Jessica McNamee, and a younger brother. Through her sister Rebecca, she is the aunt of actress Teagan Croft. Her cousin, Madelaine Collignon, is a news presenter for Prime7. McNamee married Matt Tooker, director of a marketing agency, in 2009. They have a son. McNamee gave birth to their second child, a daughter, in March 2019. Career Theatre In 2014, McNamee played the lead role of Jerusha Abbott in John Caird and Paul Gordon's musical Daddy Long Legs. Based on the book of the same name, Daddy Long Legs played at the Florida Studio Theater from February–April. McNamee is perhaps best known for her portrayal of Nessarose in the original Australian cast of Wicked for which she won the 2009 Green Room Award for Best Female in a Featured Role. The show opened on 12 July 2008, in Melbourne, where it ran for 13 months, closing on 9 August 2009. It then transferred to Sydney from 12 September 2009. McNamee played her final performance at the Capitol Theatre on 12 March 2010. McNamee originated the role of Jennifer Gabriel in Cameron Mackintosh's production of The Witches of Eastwick. The show opened at the Princess Theatre in Melbourne on 15 July 2002. McNamee was nominated for a Mo Award for Best New Talent. McNamee portrayed Donna in the Australian premier of Hurlyburly for the Griffin Theatre Company, Sydney. The show opened in May 2005. McNamee starred alongside Alex Dimitriades. McNamee has performed in Carols in the Domain for Channel 7, Carols by Candlelight for Channel 9 and on Good Morning Australia. Film McNamee completed filming on John Duigan's Australian feature film Careless Love, in which she played the role of Carol. The film was in postproduction in 2011 and was released in 2012. In 2006, McNamee starred as Melissa in the Lionsgate US feature film See No Evil alongside Rachael Taylor. McNamee was cast in Nash Edgerton's award-winning short film Fuel, which was nominated for the Sundance Film Festival. Television Her guest roles on various US series include Blue Bloods (CBS), Elementary (CBS) and Political Animals (USA). in 2010, McNamee played the role of Hope in Tom Hanks and Steven Spielberg's HBO miniseries The Pacific. McNamee and Isabel Lucas play best friends who fell in love with American soldiers during World War II. McNamee was cast in the supporting role of Ruth Crockett in the Warner Bros. miniseries Salem's Lot. She starred opposite Rob Lowe, and the series was aired on TNT in the USA. In 2005, McNamee landed a regular role in the Channel 7 series HeadLand as Charlie Cooper. McNamee won the role of Alice Blakely in the MTV-commissioned pilot Hammer Bay. Jacki Weaver played McNamee's mother in the series. McNamee has played various guest roles in Australian TV series, including All Saints, White Collar Blue, Satisfaction, and The", "title": "Penny McNamee" }, { "docid": "27714961", "text": "Collins Pennie (born June 20, 1985) is an American actor. He is known for his roles in Prom Night as Ronnie Heflin, and in In Time as Time Keeper Jaeger. He also starred in the films Fame and Stomp the Yard: Homecoming. Early life Pennie was born in Fort Greene, Brooklyn. He is of Trinidadian descent. Career Born in Brooklyn, New York, Pennie began his career with roles on NBC's hit drama Law & Order and as a drug-addicted thief on Without a Trace. His television work quickly caught the eye of Ford Model Management, who signed Pennie, leading him to a successful \"ck one\" fragrance campaign for Calvin Klein. Pennie currently resides in Los Angeles, New York and Atlanta. While not on camera, he spends most of his time dancing, writing and mastering his many crafts. Pennie hit the stage in the summer of 2010, appearing in Rent with actors Neil Patrick Harris and Wayne Brady, performing in a three-day limited engagement at the Hollywood Bowl. Pennie's prolific dance moves also landed him the lead male role in Beyonce's \"Run the World (Girls)\" video, which was released May 18, 2011. Pennie has also continued to work in film, appearing in Ryan Fleck's award-winning Half Nelson (2007) opposite Ryan Gosling and Shareeka Epps. He had lead roles in Prom Night (2008) and the musical Fame (2009), an adaptation of the 1980 cult classic. In 2010, Collins had the lead role in Stomp the Yard: Homecoming, in which he played Chance Harris, a college student struggling to balance between his school, work, relationships and opportunity to perform in the national step competition. On television, Collins starred on the hit series hospital drama Hawthorne, where he worked alongside Jada Pinkett Smith and Michael Vartan. He also appeared in the Fox Feature film In Time, starring opposite Justin Timberlake, Amanda Seyfried and Cillian Murphy. In early 2013 Collins made his return to television in Regina King's directorial debut, Let The Church Say Amen. The film was based on ReShonda Tate Billingley's 2005 novel of the same name. Royal Ties, the company King runs with her sister, Reina King, produced this film for BET Networks alongside Queen Latifah's Flava Unit Company. Television In 2004, Pennie made his television debut on the long-running NBC crime-drama Law & Order. He has since starred on other television shows such as Without a Trace, and played Marcus Leeds in the hospital drama Hawthorne. Film Pennie has appeared in Half Nelson (2007), the 2008 version of Prom Night, and the musical Fame, an adaptation of the 1980 cult classic. In 2010, he had the lead role in Stomp the Yard: Homecoming. In 2011, he appeared in the film In Time, starring Justin Timberlake and Amanda Seyfried. In September 2012, Pennie will star in actress Regina King's directorial debut Let The Church Say Amen which is adapted from ReShonda Tate Billingsley's 2005 best-selling novel. The film will premiered on BET in 2013. Theater In the summer of 2010, Pennie appeared", "title": "Collins Pennie" }, { "docid": "11109485", "text": "The Branning family, together with the Jackson family are a fictional extended family in the BBC soap opera EastEnders. Introduced in 1993 were the Jackson family, consisting of Carol Jackson (Lindsey Coulson), her partner and later husband Alan Jackson (Howard Antony), and Carol's four children, Bianca Jackson (Patsy Palmer), Sonia Jackson (Natalie Cassidy), Robbie Jackson (Dean Gaffney), and Billie Jackson (Devon Anderson); he is the only child fathered by Alan. The family becomes a more dominating presence in 1999, when Carol's father Jim Branning (John Bardon) moves to Walford following the death of his wife Reenie (Joy Graham) due to cancer. Since then, all six of Jim's children have appeared, many of them with their own families. Between 2006 and 2012, new influxes of Brannings joined the show – Max Branning (Jake Wood), his wife Tanya (Jo Joyner) and their children Lauren (Madeline Duggan/Jacqueline Jossa) and Abi (Lorna Fitzgerald). Max and Tanya later had another child Oscar Branning in 2007. Max's son with his ex-wife Rachel (Sukie Smith/Pooky Quesnel); Bradley Branning (Charlie Clements) was introduced earlier in 2006. Jim's son Jack Branning (Scott Maslen) and his daughter Penny Branning (Mia Mckenna-Bruce) were introduced in 2007 and 2008, as well as Bianca's children Liam Butcher (James Forde), Tiffany Dean (Maisie Smith), Morgan Jackson-King (Devon Higgs) and her adoptive daughter Whitney Dean (Shona McGarty) in 2008. Suzy Branning (now played by Maggie O'Neill) also returned to the show that year for a short stint. In February 2010, Carol returned to the show with her son Billie, who was killed-off months later. Once again in 2011, the Branning family were rejuvenated with the return of Derek Branning (now played by Jamie Foreman), alongside the introduction of his children Joey Branning (David Witts) and Alice Branning (Jasmyn Banks) the following year. Carol's daughter Sonia returned in 2014 with her daughter Bex Fowler (Jasmine Armfield), as did Robbie in both 2015 and 2017 and Bianca in 2019 and 2024. More recently, Lauren and her son Louie have been reintroduced, as well as Jack’s daughter Penny (now played by Kitty Castledine). The family has been central to some of EastEnders most notable storylines since their introduction. These include Bianca attempting to seduce Carol's ex-lover David Wicks (Michael French) - unaware that he is her father, Bianca's marriage to Ricky Butcher (Sid Owen) and her abortion due to their unborn daughter having spina bifida, Billie being kidnapped, Bianca's affair with Carol's fiancée Dan Sullivan (Craig Fairbrass), Sonia's teenage pregnancy and Jim's relationship and marriage with Dot Cotton (June Brown). Since their re-development in 2006, other significant storylines include Max's affair with his son Bradley's wife Stacey (Lacey Turner), Max's spurned wife Tanya burying him alive before digging him back up again out of guilt; the death of Max's son Bradley by falling from the roof of Albert Square's public house The Queen Victoria; Jack's wife Ronnie (Samantha Womack) swapping their deceased infant son James with Tommy Moon, cousins Lauren and Joey's relationship, Lauren's alcoholism, Max's relationship with", "title": "Branning family" }, { "docid": "6793454", "text": "Robert Khoo was the President of Operations and Business Development of Penny Arcade from 2002 until 2016. He was the Business Manager for the company and the Show Director for PAX, the largest consumer gaming show in the United States. Khoo also served as the Managing Director for Child's Play. Robert Khoo attended the University of Washington Michael G. Foster School of Business and, at one time, was the lead business analyst for a market strategy consultancy called ProofPoint Ventures. Penny Arcade In 2002 Khoo offered Jerry Holkins and Mike Krahulik of Penny Arcade a business plan and two months of work for free, with no strings attached. He has since helped build the Penny Arcade empire and was featured as being one of the 40 most powerful individuals in the game industry. Khoo has appeared in several Penny Arcade strips, namely \"Crimson Lies\", \"Les Moments Awkwards\", \"Uncomfort\", \"Revolting Even To Contemplate\",\"Couch Diplomacy\", \"DM 101\", \"Purgatory\", \"The S Word\", \"Engaging The Social Web\", and \"Motive\". He is occasionally referenced in the news posts as being very good at math, ping-pong, Soul Calibur II, Puzzle Quest, and Lumines. On June 13, 2016, Holkins announced that Khoo had resigned his position at Penny Arcade. See also Penny Arcade Expo Penny Arcade Child's Play References External links Seattle PI Photo In-depth alumni profile at Foster School of Business at U. of Washington Gamespot Interview before PAX 2006 Seattle Times Story on Penny Arcade PAX 2006 Preview, Seattle PI Robert Khoo on The Weekly Geek podcast Robert Khoo on Kotaku Power 40 Ask me anything on Reddit IN-GAME Interview on MSNBC 1979 births Living people 21st-century American businesspeople Penny Arcade (webcomic) Game Developers Conference Ambassador Award recipients", "title": "Robert Khoo" }, { "docid": "8754755", "text": "Ronald A. Penfound was a radio announcer and local television personality in the Cleveland, Ohio, market, specifically on WEWS-TV channel 5 where from 1955 to 1971 he hosted an afternoon program for children. As host, he was known as Captain Penny and was attired in railroad engineer clothing. Early life Ron Penfound was born on January 28, 1927, in Elyria, Ohio, to Archie and Marjorie (Saywell) Penfound, and served in the U.S. Navy during World War II. He attended Kenyon College and shared a dorm with actor Paul Newman. He had originally planned to become an Episcopal priest, but then transferred to study broadcasting at the University of Denver. Career Penfound worked as a radio announcer at KLMR in Lamar, Colorado, while attending school (1950). He was an announcer for KVOD in Denver before returning to Elyria as news and sports director at WEOL radio. He also worked at Cleveland radio station WERE as an announcer and salesman. On April 26, 1953, Penfound was hired as a sports announcer and floorman for WEWS-TV, and began hosting the Captain Penny program on March 2, 1955. During the course of its 16 years on the air, the show featured old cartoons, along with Little Rascals and Three Stooges shorts. In addition, there were live appearances by Captain Penny and a variety of guests. Following a 1961 appearance by actor Chuck Connors, Penfound was given a small role in Connors' show, The Rifleman, in the fourth-season episode #15, \"The Princess\", in which he played Mr. Smith. It aired 7/13/1961. During the holiday season, the character of Mr. Jingeling, played by the show's producer, Earl Keyes, would appear. Throughout the year, a feature of the daily program was on a certain day of the week, Captain would present animals from the Cuyahoga County Animal Protective League available for adoption. The segment was known as Captain Penny's Pooch Parade. In 1957, a second program was added in a late afternoon time slot Captain Penny's Fun House. The show featured Captain Penny (Ron Penfound), Wilbur Wiffenpoof (Earl Keyes) and other guests such as Bobo (an inflated clown). Captain Penny also hosted a 2-hour show Captain Penny's Fun Farm on Saturday mornings. Captain Penny would close his daily program with the words of advice to his little viewers: \"You can fool some of the people all of the time, all of the people some of the time, but you can’t fool Mom. She's pretty nice and she's pretty smart. Do what Mom says, and you won't go far wrong.\" After the Captain Penny show had its final broadcast on September 4, 1971, Penfound served as weekend weatherman and staff announcer at WEWS. He was also the public address announcer for the Cleveland Indians from 1969 to 1972. Upon leaving the station in 1972, Penfound worked as a sales manager and sportscaster for WKBK in Keene, New Hampshire for one year, before moving to Florida, where he worked in both radio and television. Personal life Penfound married Gail", "title": "Ron Penfound" }, { "docid": "9195981", "text": "Strutter is a television series that was broadcast on MTV in Europe. It stars Paul Kaye as American lawyer Mike Strutter and Thaila Zucchi as his wife. The show focuses on clips of people getting hurt, Strutter making fun of music videos of indie bands, emo bands and boy bands, a German couple who like to mix extreme sports with sexual intercourse, and mock commercials promoting fictitious \"Struttergear\" merchandise. The show was produced by the Objective Productions comedy office, where Peep Show was made. The character of Mike Strutter originally appeared in a Dennis Pennis video release named Dennis Pennis RIP: Too Rude to Live in which he \"killed off \" the Pennis character. Kaye had wanted to do something with the character for years, so he and comedy writer Paul Garner developed a format, with Garner writing the series and appearing as an actor in it. Garner has said in interviews he would sit at home watching TV making his own Strutter-style voiceovers. The show aired two full series for a total of 16 episodes, in 2006 and 2007. Character Michael \"Mike\" Strutter is an American lawyer who uses violence to solve his cases; he is often seen burying bodies. Strutter speaks with a Brooklyn accent, and dresses in fashion from the late 1970s. According to what can be gathered on the show, he is 41 years old, loves prostitutes, heavy metal music and seeing people get hurt, and hates indie music, emo music, Elton John, skaters and \"cocksuckers\". On his show, Strutter is usually high, and is usually seen snorting cocaine, smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol. His language tends to be extremely vulgar, and he makes heavy use of the word \"cocksuckers\". During the final Dennis Pennis VHS video \"Pennis R.I.P.\", Strutter makes his debut appearance as the lawyer for an imprisoned anti-Pennis campaigner, Tony Cream. Cream realises that Strutter will become homicidal if anyone calls him a \"Nana\", and thus convinces Strutter that Pennis has been gallivanting around town, calling Strutter this fairly innocuous insult. An incensed Strutter vows to murder Pennis, and we later see this happening, with Strutter throttling Pennis to death with his own microphone cord. Kaye has suggested that the general demeanour of Strutter, his dress sense, drug addictions and foul language are based on a combination of David Kleinfeld, the lawyer played by Sean Penn in the Al Pacino film Carlito's Way, and Joe Pesci. Kaye has performed occasional live gigs as the character, where he fronts a covers band in the guise of Strutter under the banner 'The Mike Strutter Band'. London-based singer Kiria often joins the group onstage, and can be seen dueting with Kaye/Strutter in the video for her single \"Live Sex On Stage\". Format The show has its own adverts, which consist of either Strutter trying to sell his fictional merchandise , or a fictional German couple named Peter and Elkie Zpittvar (the latter being played by Lucy Montgomery), who mix sex with Extreme sports. At the end", "title": "Strutter (TV series)" }, { "docid": "30482043", "text": "Penny Jay (June 12, 1925 – March 29, 2006) was an American country music singer and songwriter, who was active from the 1940s to the 1960s. She is best known for \"Don't Let Me Cross Over\" a song she wrote which reached #1 on the country music charts in late 1962. Penny Jay was born in Monteagle, Tennessee. When her Mother, Edna Tobitt Adams remarried they moved to Knoxville, TN and Jay began performing with her mother at church functions at the age of 10. Cas Walker, a Knoxville merchant and host of a radio show on local WROL (which is also credited with helping launch the careers of Dolly Parton and The Everly Brothers) featured Penny Jay performing under the name \"Little Miss Helen\" when she was 12. Jay played stand-up bass and guitar, and became a fixture on the show during the early '40s. \"Little Miss Helen\" was the very first Golden Girl of Knoxville, Tennessee. In the early '50s, Jay began performing as part of a duo with a friend named Marie Wilson. The pair were billed as \"Jenny & Jill\", and they recorded several original sides for OKeh Records, including \"A Million Other Hearts\". Jay moved to Nashville in the early '60s, and began performing and writing songs for other artists. She was signed to Republic Records, but her contract was picked up by Decca Records. She ultimately released eight singles on Decca, including \"Just Over The Line\", \"Lonely And Unwanted\", and \"Those Kinds of Girls\". Jay performed at the Grand Ole Opry, and on Roy Acuff's \"Midnight Jamboree\" radio show broadcast from Ernest Tubb's record shop. (She also toured, during the Korean War, for the USO. Penny enjoyed singing for all the military troops. Her USO Tours carried her to China, Japan, Philippine Islands, Iceland, Greenland, and Hawaii.) Jay's band at this time included her daughter, Sherry Moyers, who was the first female professional C/W Drummer in Nashville. Jay had her greatest success as a professional songwriter, and in 1962 scored a #1 hit on the country charts when Carl and Pearl Butler recorded her song \"Don't Let Me Cross Over\". Originally released in November 1962, the song reached the number-one spot on the Billboard Country Singles chart on December 29, 1962. The song eventually spent 11 (non-consecutive) weeks at number one, and has become a country-music standard. It has been covered by over 30 artists, including George Jones, Jerry Lee Lewis, and Dolly Parton. Other songs Jay wrote include Skeeter Davis' \"Set Him Free\", Jimmy Martin's trucker ode \"Widow Maker\", and many more. Jay eventually stopped performing in the 1970s, and moved to Nashville, Arkansas in 1996 to live with her daughter and son-in-law, guitarist Bobby Chambers. She died in 2006. She was buried in Knoxville, Tennessee. References External links Penny Jay and her 1953 Gibson J-50 at the Unofficial Martin Guitar Forum Discography at Discogs.com Discography at Discogs.com (Penny Jay seen in background, left) video 1925 births 2006 deaths American women country singers", "title": "Penny Jay" }, { "docid": "2422067", "text": "The Proud Family Movie is a 2005 American animated comedy television film based on the Disney Channel animated series, The Proud Family. It premiered on August 19, 2005 and serves as the finale to the show’s original run. The events of the film are non-canon with the rest of the series, with one of the most notable issues being Penny's inconsistent age. The Proud Family: Louder and Prouder retcons the movie as a dream in the episode \"Us Again\". Plot Penny Proud is about to celebrate her 16th birthday, and she is excited for herself and her friends to be part of a dance group led by 15 Cent since he is Sticky's cousin. However, when 15 Cent drives Penny home, her father Oscar gets angry when he finds them kissing. Overreacting on this, Oscar grounds Penny indefinitely and cancels her birthday, which leaves Penny very furious as she outrageously resents Oscar for being her father. In the meantime, Oscar manages to create a serum that can make his Proud Snacks tastier, but it instead causes the snack to expand and explode. As he is hauled away following his failed presentation, he protests that his formula has no expiration date, which is overheard by a man named Dr. Carver, who has been trying to create an army of humanoid peanuts but never got his formula stabilized. Plotting to nab the formula, Carver invites the Proud family to his home in Legume Island. Trudy forces Oscar and Penny to go, hoping they will bond in spite of their issues. Upon arrival, the Prouds meet the G-nomes, dwarf-sized creatures made from peanuts and Penny wants peanuts from the minibar. Carver tries to negotiate obtaining the formula from Oscar, but when Oscar refuses, Carver reveals he has created peanut clones of his family from DNA snatched from them while they were partying. Oscar runs away and tries explaining to his family, but they do not believe him. Meanwhile, the clones get a mix-up when the real Penny comes with them back to the mainland to search for the formula, while her clone remains with the original family. Penny soon enjoys the free life, which was encouraged by the clones, but eventually gets tired of it. At that moment, a mysterious G-nome leads the Prouds and the Penny clone on a perilous journey to the other side of the island, saying there is someone who can answer their questions. Along the way, the Penny clone proves to be the kind of daughter that Oscar desires: obedient. When they meet the person that the G-nome wanted them to meet, he turns out to be the real Dr. Carver, who explains that the Dr. Carver that they met was actually a clone made of a peanut. Dr. Carver revealed that he created the G-nomes based on his research of peanuts. He created the Carver clone as a means of carrying out his research for the better of humankind, but the Carver clone went sizzling crisp in", "title": "The Proud Family Movie" }, { "docid": "7896967", "text": "Captain Penny was the host of a children's television series on WEWS-TV (Channel 5) in Cleveland, Ohio from 1955 to 1971. The show starred Ron Penfound as \"Captain Penny\" and was produced by Earl Keyes. Captain Penny dressed as a railroad engineer and presented a variety of old cartoons, Little Rascals and Three Stooges. The Captain Penny Show aired around noon in Cleveland from March 2, 1955, until September 4, 1971. For many years, the show was sponsored by Bosco chocolate syrup mix. During each show, Captain Penny would mix up a glass of Bosco and milk, then drink it down with an audible \"gulp\". Captain Penny's Pooch Parade segment featured pets that could be adopted from the Cleveland Animal Protective League. \"Jungle Larry\" would bring animals to the show from his \"zoo-like\" exhibit at Cedar Point in Sandusky, Ohio. During the on-camera segments of his show, Penfound would engage in dialog with \"Mister F.W. Nickelsworth\" (his director, Earl Keyes, in a pun on the F.W. Woolworth chain store name). Keyes, in the control room, used the studio monitor speaker to reply. This was a violation of accepted operating practice, and created a booming, echoing off-camera voice. Before he became a sports cartoonist for the Cleveland The Plain Dealer, Dick Dugan would appear on the show to do cartoon drawings and make animal drawings from the initials that kids mailed in to the show. Captain Penny encouraged kids to eat everything on their plate and join the Clean Plate Club. When measles were going around, he asked kids to join the \"no scratch club\". After showing episodes of the Three Stooges, he would remind kids not to try this at home. Captain Penny would say at the end of every show, \"You can fool some of the people all of the time, all of the people some of the time, but you can’t fool Mom. She's pretty nice and she's pretty smart. If you do what Mom says you won't go far wrong.\" (This is sometimes referred to as \"Captain Penny's Rule\"). In 1957, a second program was added in a late afternoon time slot Captain Penny's Fun House. The show featured Captain Penny (Ron Penfound), Wilbur Wiffenpoof (Earl Keyes) and other guests such as Bobo (an inflated clown). Captain Penny also hosted a 2-hour show Captain Penny's Fun Farm on Saturday mornings. Mr. Jingeling made yearly appearances between Thanksgiving and Christmas beginning in 1957. He was \"Keeper of the Keys\" to Santa's workshop and he would tell stories about the North Pole. Mr. Jingeling was sponsored by Halle's, a local department store, and also acted as Santa's representative in the store, in which he could be found on the seventh floor. Appropriately named Earl Keyes played the part from 1964 on even after Jingeling stopped appearing on TV. Notes External links Captain Penny at TV Acres Ron Penfound at Encyclopedia of Cleveland History Memories of Jungle Larry and Safari Jane Local children's television programming in the United States Television", "title": "Captain Penny" }, { "docid": "13093856", "text": "Malcolm J. Penny is a British zoologist who is known for his ornithological field work on Aldabra and the Seychelles. In 1964 he graduated in zoology at the University of Bristol. From 1964 to 1965 he led the Bristol University Seychelles Expedition in the Indian Ocean, visited Aldabra and worked on Cousin Island. Due to Penny's efforts the ICPB bought that island in 1968 and made it a protected wildlife refuge. Back in England, Penny became a conservationist with the Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust. He further made travels to Africa, India and the Arctic. Together with Constantine Walter Benson he wrote the scientific description of the Aldabra brush-warbler in 1968. Since 1994 he has worked as freelance writer for television companies like the BBC, the ZDF, or the ORF and he has also contributed to the Discovering Nature and Animal Kingdom wildlife book series for children. Bibliography (selected works) 1974: The Birds of the Seychelles and the Outlying Islands 1991: Rhinos 1997: Polar Seas (Seas and Oceans) 1997: The Indian Ocean (Seas and Oceans) Filmography (selected works) 1998: Two Worlds (13 episodes) 1998: African Wilderness 1998: A Century of Terrorism 1999: Africa from the Ground Up (13 episodes) 1999: Messengers of the Spirits 2001: Cry of the Wolves References External links Alumni of the University of Bristol English zoologists English ornithologists English conservationists Living people Year of birth missing (living people)", "title": "Malcolm Penny" }, { "docid": "2025581", "text": "Just Good Friends is a British sitcom written by John Sullivan. It stars Paul Nicholas and Jan Francis as former lovers Vincent Pinner and Penny Warrender, who meet in a pub five years after he jilted her at the altar. Three series and a 90-minute Christmas special were produced for the BBC by Ray Butt. In 2004, it came 43rd in Britain's Best Sitcom. Background Writer John Sullivan had previously written two successful sitcoms for the BBC, Citizen Smith and Only Fools and Horses. The lead roles in these series had all been male, and Sullivan felt he should base his new sitcom on a woman. His source of inspiration was a letter in a magazine read to him by his wife, written by a woman who had been jilted by her fiancé on the day of her wedding. According to a 2007 Comedy Connections documentary on Just Good Friends, Sullivan was originally motivated to create the character by Cheryl Hall, the co-star of Citizen Smith. Hall complained that Sullivan was incapable of writing comedy for women, always giving the best of his material to the male characters. Sullivan was stung by the remark because, in his words, \"she was absolutely right\", and deliberately set out to create a strong and funny female lead. Jan Francis, who had played Lisa Colbert in Secret Army, was cast as Penny, and established theatre actor Paul Nicholas was chosen to play Vincent, although this was his first major television role. Being a notable singer, Nicholas also performed the title theme song, written by John Sullivan and arranged by Ronnie Hazlehurst. For the end title music, Hazlehurst arranged the theme for flugelhorn. Plot The series follows the wavering relationship between two ex-lovers, Penny Warrender, a secretary for an advertising firm, and Vincent Pinner, an ex-ice cream salesman turned bookmaker who is the son of a wealthy scrap metal merchant. The couple (who first met in the summer of 1976 at a party hosted by an ex roadie of the Rolling Stones) split up following Vincent's decision to jilt Penny on their wedding day in June 1978, leaving her at the altar. In the pilot episode, five years since their intended wedding day, the pair meet again by chance in a pub while out on individual dates. The pair decide to forget the past and become friends, although the rekindling of their relationship is not welcomed by Penny's snobbish parents, particularly her mother, Daphne, played by Sylvia Kay. The 1984 90-minute Christmas special is a prequel to the series showing how Penny and Vince first met, loved and how Penny was jilted and married Graham. The last episode of the second series was intended to be the final episode, with Penny leaving for a job in Paris. The cast reunited in 1986 for a final seven episodes, in which Penny and Vince meet up in Paris two years after they split up. Penny is now divorced and Vince is married; the couple renew their relationship", "title": "Just Good Friends" }, { "docid": "45083223", "text": "Broadminded is a 1931 American Pre-Code comedy film directed by Mervyn LeRoy and starring Joe E. Brown, Ona Munson and William Collier Jr. Plot Collier Jr. plays Jack, a New York City playboy sent to California to straighten himself out after a string of scandals. His father pairs him with his \"responsible\" cousin, Ossie, who he does not realize is even more of a partier than his son is, and the two get mixed up with two pretty girls while driving west. Jack decides to marry his girl, but when his ex fiancé shows up and threatens to reveal his past to her, Ossie comes up with a plan to save his relationship. Cast Joe E. Brown as Ossie Simpson Ona Munson as Constance Palmer William Collier Jr. as Jack Hackett Marjorie White as Penny Packer Holmes Herbert as John J. Hackett Sr. Margaret Livingston as Mabel Robinson Thelma Todd as Gertie Gardner Bela Lugosi as Pancho Arango Production Filming took place in March 1931. The movie was made a few months after Lugosi's hit Dracula was released. Preservation status A print is preserved in the Library of Congress collection. References External links 1931 films 1931 comedy films American black-and-white films American comedy films 1930s English-language films Films directed by Mervyn LeRoy Films set in Pasadena, California First National Pictures films 1930s American films", "title": "Broadminded (film)" }, { "docid": "14348829", "text": "Penny from Heaven (2006) is a children's novel that was named a Newbery Honor book in 2007. It was written by Jennifer L. Holm, the author of another Newbery Honor book, Our Only May Amelia. It was first published by Random House. Plot Penny from Heaven is the story of an eleven-year-old-girl named Barbara \"Penny\" Falucci. She believes that people call her Penny because her father, Alfred Falucci, loved the Bing Crosby song \"Pennies from Heaven.\" After her father's death, Penny lives with her mother, Ellie, and grandparents, Me-Me and Pop-Pop. She has her old dog Scarlett O'Hara to play with, and Penny also loves to spend time with her father's Italian family. Her father was the oldest son of her grandmother Nonny, and the only one of her six children who was born in Italy. Penny does not know why both sides of her family are distant, or why nobody will tell her her father's real cause of death. Penny's best friend is her cousin, Frankie, who is a troublemaker. Once, he persuaded Penny to lie to her grandparents and go to the public pool against her strict mother's wishes. She does not allow her to do anything that Penny considers \"fun.\" Frankie also steals and is frightened that he will go to jail. It is a surprise when her mother allows Penny to work in her Uncle Ralphie's meat store. Her favorite uncle, Dominic, works there as well. Though he is her favorite uncle, she sometimes wishes that he would be less eccentric. Many years ago, only Dominic supported Penny's parents' marriage while the rest of his family wanted him marry an Italian girl. Her uncle and her mom used to be good friends. Penny wants him to marry her mother and become her new father. She is disappointed when she finds out her mother is dating the milkman, Mr. Mulligan. She decides to break her mother's relationship with Mr. Mulligan, and is rude during a dinner party. She asks him uncomfortable questions and compares him to her father. One of her uncles tells Penny and Frankie that their grandfather Falucci hid money in their backyard but died before he could tell anyone his secret. They decide to find the money, and search all over the backyard. After they are unsuccessful, they want to look for the money in the basement. They wait for all the adults to leave and pretend to do laundry. Frankie finds money and is so excited. Penny is distracted and her right arm is pulled through the wringer all the way up to her armpit and is stuck, while the wringer is still going down. She wakes up in the hospital, where in a dream she hears her mother accusing her uncle Dominic for her father's death. After several weeks in the hospital, Penny still is not able to move her right arm's fingers. A doctor says that Penny's chances of remaining disabled are high. Penny wakes up at night and heard two", "title": "Penny from Heaven" }, { "docid": "50896736", "text": "Gladys \"Penny\" Thompson (October 17, 1917 – September 22, 1975) was an American aviator and women's intercontinental air race-air show promoter and aviation publisher-editor during the 1940s and early 1950s. In 1953, she married Miami Herald humor columnist Larry Thompson, and for 20 years until his death, she was featured often in his daily column, \"Life With Larry Thompson\" and in three books he authored. She founded the Miami-Dade Mother's of Twins Club and the Twins Easter Parade. Early years Born Gladys Rhodes, Penny Thompson watched planes fly over her family's farm in Sylvania, Georgia, as a young girl. This, along with her admiration for famed aviator Amelia Earhart, inspired her to fly. After getting her private pilot's license in 1936, she moved to Miami, Florida, where the aviation industry was burgeoning. In 1940, she married a pilot, Roy Pennington, and became known as \"Penny.\" They divorced in 1951. She published and edited an aviation newspaper, Southeastern Aviation News from 1945-1950. Civil Air Patrol During World War II, she joined the Civil Air Patrol as a volunteer and flew over the Gulf of Mexico searching for German submarines that were attacking Allied merchant ships. Her plane was destroyed in a fire on September 15, 1945, along with several hundred U.S. Navy aircraft and civilian planes battened down in giant wooden hangars at the Naval Air Station Richmond south of Miami in preparation for a major hurricane. Today, the Larry and Penny Thompson Memorial Park is located on the same property that originally encompassed the Naval Air Station. Ninety-Nines In 1946 she won the Bertram Trophy Race sponsored by the Ninety-Nines, the women's pilot organization started by Earhart, at the Florida Air Pilots Association Meet in Orlando, Florida. That same year Penny was elected vice chairman of the Florida chapter of the Ninety-Nines and chairman in 1947. Later in 1947, she led the drive to name the Miami Municipal Airport the Amelia Earhart Field, to honor the aviator who began her around-the-world flight from that field in 1937, disappearing over the Pacific Ocean. World's First All-Woman Air Show Following World War II, the annual All-American Air Maneuvers aviation event resumed in 1946 at Coast Guard Air Station Miami. The next year, women fliers were told they couldn't participate; so the women of the Florida Ninety-Nines organized their own air show at Tampa, Florida's Peter O. Knight Airport. Penny was selected as the general chairman of the world's first All-Woman Air Show, held March 15–16, 1947. It included a transcontinental air race from Palm Springs, California to Tampa. Proceeds were used to help young women obtain advanced aviation training through the Amelia Earhart Scholarship Fund. The event raised awareness of women in aviation and \"prompted air derbies and air marking parties throughout the U.S. The tradition of annual women's air races was begun\". Penny played a role during this period in helping to elevate women in the male-dominated world of aviation and getting women fliers back into the men's All-American Air Maneuvers", "title": "Penny Thompson" }, { "docid": "21774390", "text": "Three Sailors and a Girl is a 1953 American Technicolor musical film made by Warner Bros. It was directed by Roy Del Ruth and written by Devery Freeman and Roland Kibbee, based on the George S. Kaufman play The Butter and Egg Man. Ray Heindorf was the musical director, with orchestrations by Gus Levene, and vocal arrangements by Norman Luboff. Choreography was by LeRoy Prinz. The soundtrack features original songs with music composed by Sammy Fain and lyrics by Sammy Cahn. As was the practice at the time, the soundtrack album was a studio recording [Capitol L-485 (10\" LP) and FBF-485 (2 EP Box-Set)]. The Capitol Records album was released early in 1954, and featured eight of the songs from the Fein/Cahn songwriting team. The film's stars Jane Powell and Gordon MacRae are the featured vocalists. George Greeley conducted the orchestra and chorus. The album was re-issued and released on CD in 2006; it contained 12 more songs by MacRae. Plot While their submarine is docked in New York City, three sailors on liberty invest the money they've earned at sea in a Broadway musical and its up-and-coming star. Choirboy Jones (Gordon MacRae) carries a gunnysack stuffed with $50,000 in cash from his fellow sailors. Joe Woods (Sam Levene), producing a new show starring the singer Emilio Rossi (George Givot), is delighted to find a new investor, but female lead Penny Weston (Jane Powell) is worried that the boys are in over their heads. After the show's out-of-town opening is a flop, Woods, Rossi and even the author want out. Penny consults some distinguished Broadway artists for their advice, which includes casting the talented singer Jones, dancer Twitch (Gene Nelson) and comic Porky (Jack E. Leonard) in key roles. The show is a smash and the sailors reap a handsome return on their investment, with Jones and Penny falling in love as a bonus. Cast Jane Powell as Penny Weston Gordon MacRae as \"Choirboy\" Jones Gene Nelson as Twitch Sam Levene as Joe Woods Jack E. Leonard as Porky George Givot as Emilio Rossi Veda Ann Borg as Faye Foss Archer MacDonald as Webster Raymond Greenleaf as Morrow Henry Slate as Hank the Sailor Burt Lancaster made an uncredited cameo appearance at the end, playing a Marine who hesitantly asks about taking over the starring role in the musical after Jones has to return to the Navy. Joe Woods brushes him off. When a woman asks why he was so brusque, Joe tells her that the Marine looked too much like Burt Lancaster. Merv Griffin also appeared uncredited as one of the sailors. Jack Larson who played Jimmy Olsen in the TV series Adventures of Superman appeared uncredited as a sailor. Soundtrack songs \"Face to Face\" - Music by Sammy Fain; Lyrics by Sammy Cahn \"You're But Oh Right\" - Music by Sammy Fain; Lyrics by Sammy Cahn \"There Must Be a Reason\" - Music by Sammy Fain; Lyrics by Sammy Cahn \"When It's Love\" - Music by Sammy Fain;", "title": "Three Sailors and a Girl" }, { "docid": "47763294", "text": "Dov Rosenblatt is an American singer, songwriter, producer, composer, and teacher. Currently based in Los Angeles, California, he is best known as the lead singer of the Jewish rock band Blue Fringe, who were credited along with Moshav and Soulfarm with advancing Jewish rock in the early 2000s. He has also been a member of the indie rock bands Fools for April (with C Lanzbom), The Wellspring (with Talia Osteen), and Distant Cousins (with Duvid Swirsky and Ami Kozak). His music has appeared in several films, television shows, and advertisements. Biography Early life Dov Rosenblatt grew up in Baltimore, Maryland. He is the son of Gary Rosenblatt, editor and publisher of The Jewish Week. His grandfather was the rabbi of a shul in Annapolis. Rosenblatt studied music and psychology at Yeshiva University. Blue Fringe (2001-2009) While at Yeshiva University, Rosenblatt was invited to perform at a Jewish event at the University of Pennsylvania and recruited three of his classmates, Avi Hoffman, Danny Zwillenberg, and Hayyim Danzig, as backing musicians. The four subsequently became a full-time band under the name Blue Fringe. Under this name, the group released three albums, My Awakening (2003), 70 Faces (2005), and The Whole World Lit Up (2007), the latter produced by C Lanzbom of Soulfarm. Fools for April and The Wellspring (2009-2014) Rosenblatt and Lanzbom briefly collaborated as Fools for April, recording an album together called The Voice is Inside (2009). A single from the album, \"Run, Run, Run\", received a music video directed by David Schlussel. While touring with Fools for April, Rosenblatt met singer-songwriter Talia Osteen, with whom he formed the folk rock duo The Wellspring in 2009. They recorded three EPs and a full-length album, The Girl Who Cried Sheep (2014), produced by Eric Rosse. Music from the band has appeared on the shows House, Cougar Town, and Orange Is the New Black, and in the films Coffee Town (2013) and Slow Learners (2015). Distant Cousins (2014-present) In 2012, Rosenblatt formed Distant Cousins with Duvid Swirsky of Moshav and Ami Kozak. The group's self-titled debut EP was released in 2014. Their music has appeared in the film This Is Where I Leave You (2014); in the shows Graceland, Criminal Minds, and Reign; and in commercials for Lift and Macy's. Other work Rosenblatt teaches a course called \"Understanding Tefillah Through Songwriting\" at Shalhevet High School and New Community Jewish High School. In May 2016, he appeared in a video with actress Reese Witherspoon celebrating the one-year anniversary of her Draper James clothing line. He has appeared on the podcasts Faith Thru Music and Buckle Up. Personal life Rosenblatt lives in Los Angeles with his wife and son Kol. Raised Modern Orthodox, he is Lubavitch by marriage. Discography Solo albums Your Faith in the Night (Emunatcha Baleilot) (2022) Singles With Blue Fringe My Awakening (2003) 70 Faces (2005) The Whole World Lit Up (2007) With Fools For April The Voice is Inside (January 10, 2009) With The Wellspring The Girl Who Cried Sheep (2014)", "title": "Dov Rosenblatt" }, { "docid": "3333407", "text": "This is a list of notable events in country music that took place in the year 1957. Events April — Jimmy Dean hosts his first nationally televised series, a 30-minute daytime variety series airing on CBS named The Jimmy Dean Show. The show has a prime-time run from June to September (as a summer replacement series); the daytime show will run until 1958. This is the first of three country music-oriented series bearing Dean's name and hosting duties. June 24 — Billboard terminates its \"Most Played C&W in Juke Boxes\" chart, leaving just the \"Most Played C&W by Jockeys\" and \"C&W Best Sellers in Stores\" charts to gauge a song's popularity. November 4 — The Nos. 1 and 2 songs on the Billboard Hot 100, and Billboard's R&B and country charts are identical: Elvis Presley's \"Jailhouse Rock\" and the Everly Brothers' \"Wake Up Little Susie.\" In addition, the No. 6 hit on the Hot 100 and R&B charts — Jimmie Rodgers' \"Honeycomb\" — is also climbing the country chart. December 11 — Jerry Lee Lewis secretly weds his second cousin, Myra Gale Brown, in Hernando, Tennessee. Top hits of the year Number one hits United States (as certified by Billboard) Notes 1^ No. 1 song of the year, as determined by Billboard. 2^ Song dropped from No. 1 and later returned to top spot. A^ First Billboard No. 1 hit for that artist. B^ Last Billboard No. 1 hit for that artist. Note: Several songs were simultaneous No. 1 hits on the separate \"Most Played C&W in Juke Boxes,\" \"Most Played C&W by Jockeys\" and \"C&W Best Sellers in Stores\" charts. Other major hits Top new album releases Johnny Cash With His Hot and Blue Guitar – Johnny Cash (Sun) debut album Births January 4 — Patty Loveless, top female vocalist of the late 1980s and 1990s, thanks to her voice combining bluegrass, blues and rock. February 19 — Lorianne Crook, radio and television personality, one half of Crook & Chase. April 12 — Vince Gill, top male vocalist and prominent member of the new traditionalist movement of the late 1980s/1990s. May 2 — Mark Sissel, lead guitarist from the Western Underground. July 24 — Pam Tillis, daughter of Mel Tillis and popular female vocalist of the 1990s. July 27 – Bill Engvall, comedian and member of Blue Collar Comedy with Jeff Foxworthy, Larry the Cable Guy and Ron White August 22 — Holly Dunn, female star and artist who helped popularize country music during the late 1980s/early 1990s (died 2016). November 1 — Lyle Lovett, alternative country star. Deaths March 24 — Carson Robison, 66, early C&W singer-songwriter. References Further reading Kingsbury, Paul, \"The Grand Ole Opry: History of Country Music. 70 Years of the Songs, the Stars and the Stories,\" Villard Books, Random House; Opryland USA, 1995 Kingsbury, Paul, \"Vinyl Hayride: Country Music Album Covers 1947–1989,\" Country Music Foundation, 2003 () Millard, Bob, \"Country Music: 70 Years of America's Favorite Music,\" HarperCollins, New York, 1993 () Whitburn, Joel,", "title": "1957 in country music" }, { "docid": "49877828", "text": "Donny Simmons is an American guitarist. He is mostly known for being the guitarist of both bands Stormer and Yankee Rose, bands that were popular in Los Angeles, sharing the stage with Ratt, Quiet Riot, Mötley Crüe, Metallica and Van Halen. Simmons has also been cited as a major influence to Tracy G, the guitarist from Dio. Recently, he has been interviewed for Greg Renoff's popular book, Van Halen Rising. Simmons is influenced by genres, such as, soul, country and blues. In addition, he cites Chuck Berry, Little Richard, John Lee Hooker, Stevie Wonder, Otis Redding, Robert Johnson as additional musical influences. Past projects Yankee Rose Simmons was the guitarist of Yankee Rose, a popular rock band in the 70s and 80s. Yankee Rose frequently performed at many of the popular clubs in Los Angeles and Hollywood, sharing the stage many notable acts, such as, Movies and Aunti-Up at Hong Kong Cafe, Dolphins, Popsicles, Axis and Smile, and Gilbert Gram at the Troubadour, Erin's All Stars, The Blitz Bros, the Penny's, the Rabble, Wynield, and Obryan, at the Starwood, and Bluebeard at the Whisky a Go Go. Aside from Simmons, Yankee Rose's other notable members are singer Michael Adams, who is currently performing as 'Mick Adams' in the popular Rolling Stones tribute band 'Mick Adams and the Stones', and drummer Abe Perez who recorded and played with notable Blues guitarist Jay Gordon. Stormer Stormer was one of the many popular acts that contributed to the music scene of the Sunset Strip, sharing the stage with London, and Stratus, as well as opening up for Van Halen at the Pasadena Civic and the Golden West. On November 19, 1976, Stormer played a sold-out show with Van Halen and Smile at the Pasadena Civic to a crowd of 3,500 people. At this concert, Marshall Berle was in attendance, who later became Van Halen's manager. Recent projects Stormer reunion In 2008, when Simmon's former Stormer bandmate, Tim Gaines, was asked if the Stormer demos will be remastered and made public, Gaines replied, \"I doubt if anyone can find the Masters. We are talking of having a Stormer reunion in the near future. We may decide to record it.\" Donny Simmons & Mutts Gone Nuts In 2007, Simmons produced an album of music titled, Donny Simmons & Mutts Gone Nuts. Most of the songs were co-written by Chris Carroll, from the band The Str8jackets. Influence and legacy Tracy G, the former guitarist of Dio, gives credit to Donny Simmons for influencing his playing. In Greg Renoff's books Van Halen Rising, Tracy G explained that: \"[Simmons was] a Jimmy Page lookalike who strapped on a low-slung Les Paul and played searing, bluesy solos for the hard rock band Stormer. For Tracy and his guitar-playing friends, the talented Simmons was the 'Guitar God of La Puente, Pomona, and West Covina'. There was nobody better in that part of L.A.\" See also Music of San Gabriel Valley :Category:American guitarists Van Halen Rising (book) Tim Gaines of Stormer", "title": "Donny Simmons" } ]	[ "Brittany Ann Daniel" ]
train_45916	where do they keep dead bodies in hospitals	[ { "docid": "379983", "text": "A morgue or mortuary (in a hospital or elsewhere) is a place used for the storage of human corpses awaiting identification (ID), removal for autopsy, respectful burial, cremation or other methods of disposal. In modern times, corpses have customarily been refrigerated to delay decomposition. Etymology and lexicology The term mortuary dates from the early 14th century, from Anglo-French mortuarie, meaning \"gift to a parish priest from a deceased parishioner,\" from Medieval Latin mortuarium, noun use of neuter of Late Latin adjective mortuarius \"pertaining to the dead,\" from Latin mortuus, pp. of mori \"to die\" (see mortal (adj.)). The meaning of \"place where the deceased are kept temporarily\" was first recorded in 1865, as a euphemism for the earlier English term \"deadhouse\". The term morgue comes from the French. First used to describe the inner wicket of a prison, where new prisoners were kept so that jailers and turnkeys could recognize them in the future, it took on its modern meaning in fifteenth-century Paris, being used to describe part of the Châtelet used for the storage and identification of unknown corpses. Morgue is predominantly used in North American English, while Mortuary is used in the U.K., although both terms are used interchangeably. The euphemisms “Rose Cottage” and “Rainbow’s End” are sometimes used in British hospitals to enable discussion in front of patients and visitors, the latter mainly for children. An auxiliary person responsible for the care of the deceased is known as a mortuary assistant or diener. A person qualified in the evisceration and reconstruction of the deceased is called an Anatomical Pathology Technician in the UK, also called a mortician or autopsy technician in the USA. Types There are two types of mortuary cold chambers: Positive temperature Bodies are kept between 2 °C (36 °F) and 4 °C (39 °F). While this is usually used for keeping bodies for up to several weeks, it does not prevent decomposition, which continues at a slower rate than at room temperature. Negative temperature Bodies are kept at between −10 °C (14 °F) and −50 °C (−58 °F). Usually used at forensic institutes, particularly when a body has not been identified. At these temperatures the body is completely frozen, and decomposition is significantly reduced, but not prevented. Around the globe In some countries, the body of the deceased is embalmed before disposal, which makes refrigeration unnecessary. In many countries, the family of the deceased must make the burial within 72 hours (three days) of death, but in some other countries it is usual that burial takes place some weeks or months after the death. This is why some corpses are kept as long as one or two years at a hospital or in a funeral home. When the family has enough money to organize the ceremony, the corpse is taken from the cold chamber for burial. In some funeral homes, the morgue is in the same room, or directly adjacent to, the specially designed ovens, known as retorts, that are used in funerary cremation.", "title": "Morgue" } ]	[ { "docid": "47831477", "text": "The Dead House is a 2015 young adult novel and the debut novel of Dawn Kurtagich. The book was published in paperback in the United Kingdom on 6 August and 15 September 2015 by Orion Publishing and in hardcover in the United States on 15 September 2015 by Little, Brown Books for Young Readers. It is told through a mixture of medias such as diary entries, news clippings, video footage, and various interviews. Synopsis At the beginning of the novel, the reader is made aware that the book's content was compiled from several sources, including a diary that was found in the remains of Elmbridge High School, a British high school that burned down 25 years prior. The material is a mixture of video clips, interviews, recovered diary entries, Post-it Notes, and other similar items, and will also occasionally have notations about missing content. Throughout the book, Kaitlyn repeatedly refers to her diary as \"Dee\" in her entries. Carly and Kaitlyn Johnson are two personalities that exist in the same body. They've been living in a mental hospital named Claydon Mental Hospital for an undisclosed amount of time. She works directly with a therapist named Dr. Annabeth Lansing, and it is established that Kaitlyn/Carly's parents died in a horrific accident that they cannot remember. They are aware of each other's existence, but they never directly interact as Carly is only active during the day and Kaitlyn at night, although they do communicate through various means, which they attempt to hide from others. In the mental hospital, Dr. Lansing diagnoses them as having dissociative identity disorder, an eating disorder (Carly), self-harming (Kaitlyn), and hearing voices (Kaitlyn, who hears the voice of a demonic entity known as Aka Manah). Dr. Lansing also believes that Kaitlyn is not the true personality and that Carly created her as a coping mechanism, although Kaitlyn insists that she is real and existed before their parents' deaths. Carly/Kaitlyn is sent to Elmbridge where Carly makes friends with a spiritual girl named Naida. Naida believes that both personalities are real and that they're two souls in one body. As the semester progresses, Kaitlyn uses an attic in an abandoned building as a refuge and meets Ari, with whom she reluctantly falls in love. Her peace is short-lived as Kaitlyn begins to see visions of a menacing dead girl and becomes stressed when she cannot see her little sister Jaimie, who was placed into foster care. Things come to a head when Carly stops emerging, provoking Kaitlyn into attempting suicide, which sends her back to the mental institution. Their therapist is surprised since she assumed that Carly was the dominant personality, but assumes that this is a sign of both personalities merging. During this time she comes back into contact with her friend John, who she hasn't seen since her parents' accident. Naida asks Kaitlyn to break herself out of the hospital, fearing that a Shyan, a dark magic user, is after Kaitlyn/Carly because of the power held by", "title": "The Dead House" }, { "docid": "53485612", "text": "\"The Taming of the Wu\" is the 19th episode of the 5th season of the supernatural drama television series Grimm, and the 107th episode overall. Plot Opening Quote: \"Nothing is so painful to the human mind as a great and sudden change.\" Adalind (Claire Coffee) is reunited with Diana (Hannah R. Loyd) in an industrial building while Renard (Sasha Roiz) watches with bodyguards in the background. Wu (Reggie Lee) is being examined in a hospital room when Nick (David Giuntoli) and Hank (Russell Hornsby) walk in. The doctor tells them that Wu has a concussion and needs to stay for a couple more tests. After she leaves Hank asks Wu what he remembers and Wu says he remembers staking out Monroe then waking up in the hospital. Nick and Hank tell him to get some rest then leave. In the corridor outside they discuss how they are worried about Wu and decide to keep an eye on him. A strange man walks up to Wu's door and looks through, then makes a call to tell someone that he's found Wu and that Wu is in the hospital. Meisner (Damien Puckler) enters a house at night and finds two dead bodies inside along with a Black Claw symbol on the wall. As he's leaving a man enters, Meisner asks where \"she\" is and when the man doesn't tell him the two of them fight. Meisner is knocked to the floor but Trubel (Jacqueline Toboni) shows up and saves him. Then Meisner picks up a photo of Diana from the floor. Back in the old industrial building Diana asks Adalind if she's going with her, but when Renard tell her that Adalind has a few things to do first her eyes glow purple and the walls begin to shake. Renard manages to calm her down and the two of them go, leaving a scared looking Adalind behind. Hank and Zuri (Sharon Leal) are having a romantic night together and washing up after a meal before they kiss. Sean tucks Diana into bed before going downstairs where he meets Conrad Bonaparte (Shaun Toub). Bonaparte tells Renard that Adalind must join them otherwise she will have to be killed, and that Renard should convince Nick to join them as well. In Nick's loft Adalind is woken up by a vision of Diana asking where she is. Adalind gets up and finds Nick trying to stop Kelly from crying. Adalind puts Kelly to sleep then tells Nick that she's a hexenbiest again. It cuts back to Wu in the hospital where he's having a bad dream about when he was attacked. He transforms and the nurse attending to him screams and runs out the room. Hank and Zuri are in bed together, they talk about Nick and Zuri asks to meet him before Hank gets up to make breakfast. Back in the hospital Wu is told that his blood has an anomaly in but he seems to be stable so he can go home, Nick", "title": "The Taming of the Wu" }, { "docid": "4492127", "text": "Generation M is a comics five-issue mini-series written by Paul Jenkins and penciled by Ramon Bachs, starting in January 2006. Creation Publishing history Plot synopsis The character Sally Floyd is a young reporter with a New York City newspaper, The Alternative. Although a good reporter, she has suffered from alcoholism since the death of her young daughter, Minnie. After the majority of mutants lose their powers on M-Day, Sally decides to continue writing a column about them. She visits the hospital where Chamber has been taken. His face and chest are now just a gaping hole, a machine being the only thing keeping him alive. Her column is a resounding success and receives national acclaim. However, she soon receives photographs of mutants who have been killed now that they can’t defend themselves. The police speak with Sally Floyd about the murders of several former mutants. As part of her Mutant Diaries series, Sally visits former mutants Stacy X and Jubilation Lee. The police then confronts her with the theory that the killer is actually a mutant himself. Sally is contacted by a man calling himself the Ghoul, who claims he is the one responsible for murdering former mutants and wants his story told. Sally encounters Fred J. Dukes, a former mutant known as the Blob, after paying a visit to a former mutant support group. He suggests that she should visit an asylum in southern New York. The next day, she visits the asylum and witnesses how formerly powerful inmates are bullied by the still-powered mutants. As Sally departs, the Ghoul throws the body of a dead mutant girl at her car. The Ghoul continues to harass Sally by sending her pictures of his victims. Sally interviews Marrow in the sewers for her Mutant Diaries and then receives a visit from Barnell Bohusk with an invitation to meet one of the X-Men. A criminal psychologist suggests that Sally try to cultivate some kind of positive relationship with the Ghoul in order to create a rounder profile on him, to which she reluctantly agrees. Later, she finally meets her contact from the Xavier Institute, Warren Worthington, who reveals that he has lost his wings. After talking to Warren Worthington, Sally meets with Dani Moonstar. She decides to do one final article that concentrates on her daughter. It explains how Minnie was a mutant who was growing smaller and younger until she died a few months before M-Day. Sally meets with Warren Worthington again and, as they chat, the Ghoul strikes. The X-Men appear to fight him, but the Ghoul teleports Sally away, angrily berating her for betraying him. Sally does her best to antagonize the Ghoul and then purposefully jumps out of the tower, only to be caught by Angel, who is revealed to have retained his wings after all. Cyclops then destroys the tower, bringing the Ghoul’s reign of terror to an end. After a couple of days in the hospital, Sally returns to the office and finds that her", "title": "Generation M (comics)" }, { "docid": "7883262", "text": "Fatal Cure is a medical thriller written by Robin Cook. Plot Fatal Cure tells the story of two young doctors Angela and David Wilson, with their 9-year-old daughter who suffers from a chronic disease, cystic fibrosis, who are lured to a small town in Vermont to start a career. David gets a job as an internist with the local HMO, while Angela gets an offer from the local hospital as a pathologist. The story takes aim at managed care and health maintenance organizations. David and Angela quickly find out that their idyllic town harbors dark secrets. Patients at the local hospital keep dying prematurely. The hospital grounds are terrorized by a rapist, and the young family is shocked to find a dead body in their basement. Angela is faced with sexual harassment and David soon experiences the wrath of the HMO administrators for spending too much time with his patients and ordering too many tests and hospital stays. David and Angela end up not just getting fired from their jobs -and deeply in debt, but their lives are threatened as well. The novel ends with a dénouement somewhat similar to Silence of the Lambs. 1993 American novels Novels by Robin Cook Medical novels Novels set in Vermont", "title": "Fatal Cure" }, { "docid": "38515051", "text": "Alex Cross, Run is the 20th novel in the Alex Cross series written by American author James Patterson. The novel focuses on the protagonist, detective Alex Cross, who must solve three cases at once with the whole city in a frenzy. Plot Metropolitan Police Department officer Alex Cross, John Sampson, and others, invade plastic surgeon Elijah Creem's penthouse where he is illegally giving drugs and having sex (while making pornographic videos) with teenage girls. He is arrested, his wife divorces and leaves him. Alex is later called on to a case in which a girl, Elizabeth Reilly, is found dead. After examining her body, reports confirm she gave birth, but the baby is nowhere to be found. Soon after, he is called on to a case featuring a boy shot, stabbed, and found in the Potomac river. Alex is then called onto a third case featuring another dead girl. Alex must struggle with three cases all at once. Meanwhile, Ron Guidice, whose fiancé was killed by an officer from MPD, blames Alex for the murder and posts negative comments about Alex at his website, \"TheRealDeal\". Alex visits the pregnant girl's grandparents. The missing baby, a girl, has been found and given to them. They received numerous letters from when Elizabeth was out of her hometown and went to Washington. In one letter, it is mentioned that Elizabeth fell in love with a man named Russell, but when checking the databases, they find no such man. Instead, they find an older case where another pregnant girl was killed, the child missing. At home, Alex faces problems when his soon-to-be adopted \"daughter\" Ava comes home late, possibly on drugs. Ron Guidice overhears, having earlier installed spy equipment in the Cross family house so he can follow their conversations. It is eventually revealed that Elijah kills the girls and Joshua Bergman, Creem's oldest friend, who is homosexual, kills boys. More bodies show up, and Alex is at one of the murder scenes when Guidice shows up and asks Alex if he is on drugs. Angered, Alex and Guidice fight, and Guidice injects something into Alex. Alex breaks Guidices's nose. Cross collapses and is taken to the hospital. After getting out of the hospital, his gun and badge are taken away and he is forced to do desk work. Guidice's posts on his website and the fact that Alex collapsed due to drugs finally led to Ava being taken away from the Cross family by foster care. Guidice is revealed to have a daughter named Emma Lee who is watched by his mother living at home. One day Ron comes home with a baby girl, claiming that \"some slut\" he hooked up with long ago gave birth and left the child in his car. In truth, he killed the Reilly grandparents and took the child. Meanwhile, Creem robs his own house and kills the neighbors next door to scare off his ex-wife. Alex is eventually restored back to duty, but some investigative work while", "title": "Alex Cross, Run" }, { "docid": "73655522", "text": "Jože Tisnikar (26 February 1928 - 30 October 1998) was a Slovenian painter who was known for his egg tempera-style paintings of crows, dead bodies, funerals, landscapes and self-portraits. Biography Tisnikar was born in Mislinja, a village at the foot of the Pohorje mountain range. He had a difficult childhood and left elementary school after four years. When his father died, he had to take his place at a cardboard factory, where he worked until he was drafted into the army. He spent two years in the army in Pirot, Serbia, where he worked at a hospital ward and had his first contact with dead bodies. After his military service, he returned to his home village and soon moved to Slovenj Gradec, where he got a job at the local hospital. He performed mostly physical tasks with patients until the hospital opened a morgue, where he was employed as an autopsy assistant. He worked there until his retirement in 1983. He died in 1998 as a pedestrian in a traffic accident, shortly after a retrospective exhibition of his works at the gallery in Slovenj Gradec. Artistic career Tisnikar started to paint in 1955, when he made his first oil painting (Autopsy) with the motif of a morgue atmosphere. He developed his artistic skills under the mentorship of academic painter Karel Pečko in Slovenj Gradec between 1954 and 1964. He received the Prešeren Fund Award in 1970 for his paintings exhibited in 1969. Tisnikar's paintings were described as \"uncomfortable\" and depicted the transience of human life. Most of Tisnikar's paintings were done in egg tempera style. He is famous for his representations of crows and dark images of dead people, funerals, landscapes and self-portraits. Selected works Ljubezen (1977) References External links 1928 births 1998 deaths Prešeren Award laureates Slovenian painters", "title": "Jože Tisnikar" }, { "docid": "3153779", "text": "A monothematic delusion is a delusional state that concerns only one particular topic. This is contrasted by what is sometimes called multi-thematic or polythematic delusions where the person has a range of delusions (typically the case of schizophrenia). These disorders can occur within the context of schizophrenia or dementia or they can occur without any other signs of mental illness. When these disorders are found outside the context of mental illness, they are often caused by organic dysfunction as a result of traumatic brain injury, stroke, or neurological illness. People who experience these delusions as a result of organic dysfunction often do not have any obvious intellectual deficiency nor do they have any other symptoms. Additionally, a few of these people even have some awareness that their beliefs are bizarre, yet they cannot be persuaded that their beliefs are false. Types Some delusions that fall under this category are: Capgras delusion: the belief that (usually) a close relative or spouse has been replaced by an identical-looking impostor. Fregoli delusion: the belief that various people whom the believer meets are actually the same person in disguise. Intermetamorphosis: the belief that people in one's environment swap identities with each other while maintaining the same appearance. Subjective doubles: a person believes there is a doppelgänger or double of themselves carrying out independent actions. Cotard delusion: the belief that oneself is dead or does not exist; sometimes coupled with the belief that one is putrefying or missing internal organs. Mirrored-self misidentification: the belief that one's reflection in a mirror is some other person. Reduplicative paramnesia: the belief that a familiar person, place, object, or body part has been duplicated. For example, a person may believe that they are, in fact, not in the hospital to which they were admitted, but in an identical-looking hospital in a different part of the country. Somatoparaphrenia: the delusion where one denies ownership of a limb or an entire side of one's body (often connected with stroke). Note that some of these delusions are sometimes grouped under the umbrella term of delusional misidentification syndrome. Causes Current cognitive neuropsychology research points toward a two-factor approach to the cause of monothematic delusions. The first factor being the anomalous experience—often a neurological defect—which leads to the delusion, and the second factor being an impairment of the belief formation cognitive process. As an example of one of these first factors, several studies point toward Capgras delusion being the result of a disorder of the affect component of face perception. As a result, while the person can recognize their spouse (or other close relation) they do not feel the typical emotional reaction, and thus the spouse does not seem like the person they once knew. As studies have shown, these neurological defects are not enough on their own to cause delusional thinking. An additional second factor—a bias or impairment of the belief formation cognitive process—is likely required to solidify and maintain the delusion. This need for a second factor results in two factor theories", "title": "Monothematic delusion" }, { "docid": "21661841", "text": "The Dead and the Gone is a young adult science fiction dystopian novel by Susan Beth Pfeffer. Released in hardcover in May 2008, it is the second book in The Last Survivors, following Life as We Knew It and preceding This World We Live In and The Shade of the Moon. Background Pfeffer's novel Life As We Knew It was created after watching the original film Meteor (1979), noting that \"it got [her] thinking about how the people who have the most to lose if the world comes to an end are kids,\" and wanted to see how her characters would cope with a situation that was out of their control. The Dead and the Gone occurs at the same time as the first novel, Life As We Knew It, but in New York City. She playfully mentioned that \"I figure with 300 million people alive in the United States, even if I write about 10 people a book, I can still get another 2,999,998 novels out of that meteor, and that should keep me busy and entertained well past the foreseeable future.\" The Dead and the Gone uses a third-person narrative, while the previous book, Life As We Knew It, used a first-person narrative in a journal format. Asked about the change in narrative, Pfeffer replied quite simply that in her planning processes, she \"just could not envision a teenage boy keeping a diary. It's as simple as that,\" accounting for the change. Plot Alex Morales is a seventeen-year-old Puerto Rican boy living in New York City with his parents and younger sisters, Briana and Julie. He also has an older brother, Carlos, who is serving in the Marines. While their father is in Puerto Rico for their grandmother’s funeral, a large asteroid crashes into the moon and knocks it closer to the Earth (as seen in Life As We Knew It). Alex’s mother, a nurse, is summoned to the hospital to help, leaving Alex to watch over Bri and Julie. The next morning, Alex’s Uncle Jimmy visits and helps them stock food in each other’s apartments, and when they get home Bri says she received a static-filled call from someone she believes was their father. Alex also receives a call from Carlos reassuring him that he is alright and will soon be deployed. Later that day, a massive storm strikes the city and floods the subways, causing Alex to worry since he knows his mother takes the subway to and from work in addition to his father being in Puerto Rico when a hurricane strikes. On Sunday, telephone service resumes and Alex calls the hospital his mother works out but is unable to receive word about her wellbeing. That Tuesday, Alex’s all-boys Catholic high school resumes and he meets Father Francis Mulrooney, a stoic retired priest asked to act as temporary headmaster for the school. Later that week, Alex visits Yankee Stadium where the bodies of the dead are laid out for identification, but does not find anyone", "title": "The Dead and the Gone" }, { "docid": "5402758", "text": "Vinod Kinariwala (20 September 1924 – 10 August 1942) was an Indian independence activist from Ahmedabad, India. He was shot dead by a British officer while waving the Indian flag in front of Gujarat College on 9 August 1942, the first day of the Quit India movement started by Mahatma Gandhi. The British officer asked him to drop the flag Refused to do so. He was later shot dead by an officer. He was 18 years old at the time of his death. Biography Vinod Kinariwala was born on 20 September 1924 to Jamnadas Kinariwala and Hiralaxmi. He completed his schooling from St. Xavier's High School Loyola Hall in Ahmedabad and was one of its top students. He was an intermediate student at Gujarat College in Ahmedabad, India. The Quit India Movement led by Mahatma Gandhi launched on 9 August 1942. The next day a rally was organised by the students of Law College. The rally reached Gujarat College where other students joined them. The police started a lathi charge to disperse the rally. Kinariwala was shot dead by British Assistant Superintendent Police for trying to hoist the Indian flag while protesting in front of the college. He was taken to Vadilal Sarabhai Hospital where he was declared dead by the doctors. His dead body was taken to home and immediately cremated before being taken into custody by the police. Legacy In 1947, Veer Vinod Kinariwala Memorial was inaugurated inside college campus by Jai Prakash Narayan in his memory. The memorial was designed by Ravishankar Raval. It depicts a youth taking the bull by its horns symbolizing the youth against the British Empire. It also depicts an arm with an Indian flag and broken handcuff symbolizing the independence movement. Every year on 9 August, the All India Democratic Students Organization pay tribute at his memorial. The road where he died is named after him as Shahid Veer Kinariwala Marg. References People from Ahmedabad Quit India Movement Indian independence activists from Gujarat Students in India 1942 deaths 1924 births Gujarati people Deaths by firearm in India People shot dead by law enforcement officers in India", "title": "Vinod Kinariwala" }, { "docid": "10065066", "text": "Sublime is a 2007 psychological horror film directed by Tony Krantz and written by Erik Jendresen. It is the second straight-to-DVD \"Raw Feed\" horror film from Warner Home Video, released on March 13, 2007. The film stars Tom Cavanagh, Kathleen York, Lawrence Hilton-Jacobs and Katherine Cunningham-Eves. Plot George Grieves checks into the Mt. Abaddon Hospital for a routine procedure only to find horrors await him. Awakening from what was supposedly a colonoscopy, Grieves is told by hospital staff that due to confusion arising from similar patient names he was mistakenly given a sympathectomy to cure sweaty palms. As the days tick by Mr. Grieves' post-operative experiences grow ever more bizarre until he finally realizes that he is caught inside a nightmare of his own creation and seems unable to escape or awaken back in the real world. He understands that something has gone wrong in his post-operative recovery which is keeping him trapped in this netherworld of manifestations of worst fears, but he understands neither what the problem is nor what he can do to awaken from it. Eventually his condition is shown from his family's perspective, and it appears hopeless. The doctors explain that there was a complication during the colonoscopy, which created an air bubble in his bloodstream. The bubble eventually reached his brain and caused so much damage that he ended up in an apparently permanent vegetative state. He has been dead to the outside world for 10 months, and his family is being pressured to end all artificial means of life support. Meanwhile, back inside his own mind, Grieves is in a desperate losing battle with his own manifested fears and decides that the only way out is to commit suicide in this dream-like state, hoping that it will cause his real body to expire and free him from the interminable torment he has had to endure. He manages to leap from a 7th-floor window onto the concrete below, and the final shot is of his real-world body lying in an empty hospital room where it flatlines, closing its eyelids in physical death. Cast Tom Cavanagh as George Grieves Kathleen York as Jenny Katherine Cunningham-Eves as Zoe Jeffrey Anderson-Gunter as P.J. Cas Anvar as Dr. Sharazi Paget Brewster as Andrea David Clayton Rogers as Billy Jordi Caballero as Friar Lazaro Mate Sujata Day as Young Quechua Girl Lilyan Chauvin as European Nurse Shanna Collins as Chloe Kyle Gallner as Ned Dan Gerrity as The Bald Man Michael Gregory as The Face Lawrence Hilton-Jacobs as Mandingo George Newbern as Frank / PVS Host Bruce Nozick as Ira Michelle Page as Rayven Production In June 2006, it was announced Tony Krantz, of the TV series 24 would make his directorial debut on Sublime the second film to be produced under Warner Bros. Home Entertainment label Raw Feed that Krantz had created with Daniel Myrick and John Shiban. The film's budget was estimated at around $5 million. Reception The film garnered a 33% approval rating from 6 critics –", "title": "Sublime (2007 film)" }, { "docid": "47177143", "text": "No Mercy () is a 2010 South Korean action thriller film written and directed by Kim Hyeong-jun. Sol Kyung-gu won Best Actor at the 18th Chunsa Film Art Awards for his performance. Plot Top forensic pathologist Kang Min-ho is about to retire so that he can spend time with his daughter who has just returned home after a long stint overseas. But when the dismembered corpse of a young woman, identified as Oh Eun-ah, is found at a local river, Kang agrees to do one last job. He performs a graphic autopsy on her. The primary suspect is environmental activist Lee Sung-ho, who readily admits his guilt to rookie detective Min Seo-young, Kang's former student. Lee says that he committed the crime in order to oppose construction that would divide the river into six parts (hence the six body parts), but the police are baffled when the clues they uncover keep contradicting Lee's confession. Then Lee tells Kang that his daughter has been kidnapped. Lee lets Kang call his daughter, who hears her crying for help. Kang is forced to compromise his professional ethics and tamper with the evidence that must lead to Lee's release from custody within three days, or else Kang's daughter will be killed. Exploring some backstory behind Lee, Min discovers that Kang was involved in another case, which was on three defendants who allegedly raped Lee's sister. Kang tampers the evidence for money for his sick daughter, showing that the sex was not forced and that the sister was promiscuous. She also learns that Oh Eun-ah was a witness. The three defendants were freed from charge, leaving Lee full of hatred towards Kang for lying at trial. After Kang tampers with enough evidence (including completely dissecting the body of Oh Eun-ah and placing semen in it), Lee is released, and Kang follows him to his home. Min realizes the defendants are all dead and Kang will be next. After Kang viciously beats Lee about his daughter, Lee tells him her location. When Kang, Lee, and Min arrive to the building Lee directed them to, they find his daughter dead in a pile of rose petals. Kang, devastated, tries to gather her body, but he finds that there is not a body; only her head and limbs are in the petals. Kang collapses in shock: The dismembered body, supposedly of \"Oh Eun-ah\" found at the beginning of the film, which Kang also autopsied throughout the film and tampered with, was actually his daughter, while the real Oh Eun-ah was a different hostage. His daughter's cries for help that Kang heard over the phone were actually recorded by Lee prior to her death. She was dead way before the start. Kang cries in agony as flashbacks show the graphic autopsy, where he continues to dissect his daughter's corpse and tampers with it by adding semen, completely unaware at the time. Lee taunts Kang and brags that he will live with the same pain Lee did. Min begs Kang", "title": "No Mercy (2010 film)" }, { "docid": "51982293", "text": "The Bride () is a Russian psychological thriller horror film directed by Svyatoslav Podgayevsky and starring Victoria Agalakova, Vyacheslav Chepurchenko, Aleksandra Rebenok, Igor Khripunov and Victor Solovyev. The film tells the story of college student Nastya and her fiancé Ivan, who go to meet Ivan's family, only to discover that they have a dark past with many secrets to keep and that they may be planning something sinister for her. The Bride was released on 19 January 2017. It received mixed reviews from critics. Plot In 1832, a chemistry doctor called Iosif Gamel presents his thesis to the Imperial Science Academy of Saint-Petersburg which says that the new lens made out of a new type of silver can not only capture light, but also a person's soul. This proves to be true despite the academy rebuking Gamel, resulting in the creation of a ritual, in which the souls of dead people are transferred into another body. A photographer is then shown taking pictures of his dead wife (called The Bride) with carved-out wooden eyes planted on her eyelids. He then travels to a village, where he plans to transfer his wife's soul into a young peasant girl through his wife's ring. He arrives to find the villagers protesting, but he manages to disperse them after killing one of them. The photographer puts the ring on the girl's finger, seals her in the coffin with the dead wife, and prepares to bury the coffin when it suddenly begins to violently shake. When the photographer and his fellow participants in the ritual open up the coffin, they see that the wife's soul has been transferred. The photographer hides the photograph that he took earlier in the basement while waiting for his wife's soul to recover. She awakens one day in her new body, but is appalled at the new situation. In the present day, college student Nastya marries her fiancé Ivan. She decides to go to his family's house to host their wedding, despite Ivan's objections. They arrive at his family's home, where she is introduced to Ivan's sister Liza. At dinner, Liza gives Nastya a ring with a red-diamond (the ring seen at the beginning of the film), a move which does not resonate well with Ivan. Nastya also begins to experience visions, including seeing clones of herself doing actions in a pattern. One night, she finds Ivan and Liza arguing about keeping Nastya here, and Ivan threatens to leave. The next day, Liza reports that Ivan has gone into town to see his friends, much to Nastya's dismay since he did not warn her that he was going. Additionally, she begins experiencing more and more visions, and becomes increasingly suspicious about the family's true nature. She also discovers a secret passage inside the walls of the house, and discovers the photograph of The Bride hidden by the photographer at the beginning of the film. The increased suspicions lead to Nastya to attempt to leave the house. However, she suddenly sees", "title": "The Bride (2017 film)" }, { "docid": "52638014", "text": "R.U.D.Y., short for R U Dead Yet, is an acronym used to describe a Denial of Service (DoS) tool used by hackers to perform slow-rate a.k.a. “Low and slow” attacks by directing long form fields to the targeted server. It is known to have an interactive console, thus making it a user-friendly tool. It opens fewer connections to the website being targeted for a long period and keeps the sessions open as long as it is feasible. The amount of open sessions overtires the server or website making it unavailable for the authentic visitors. The data is sent in small packs at an incredibly slow rate; normally there is a gap of ten seconds between each byte but these intervals are not definite and may vary to avert detection. The victim servers of these types of attacks may face issues such as not being able to access a particular website, disrupt their connection, drastically slow network performance, etc. Hackers can use such attacks for different purposes while targeting different servers or hosts; these purposes include, but are not limited to, blackmail, vengeance or sometimes even activism. The RUDY attack opens concurrent POST HTTP connections to the HTTP server and delays sending the body of the POST request to the point that the server resources are saturated. This attack sends numerous small packets at a very slow rate to keep the connection open and the server busy. This low-and slow attack behavior makes it relatively difficult to detect, compared to flooding DoS attacks that raise the traffic volume abnormally. See also Fork bomb High Orbit Ion Cannon LAND Ping of death ReDoS Slowloris Zemra References External links r-u-dead-yet on google code r-u-dead-yet on sourceforge Denial-of-service attacks", "title": "R-U-Dead-Yet" }, { "docid": "51634686", "text": "Convergence is a 2015 American horror film written and directed by Drew Hall. It stars Clayne Crawford as a police detective who, after being caught in an explosion, is sent to recover at a nearly-empty hospital that may be haunted. Ethan Embry and Mykelti Williamson co-star. It premiered at the FirstGlance Film Festival in April 2015 and was released in the United States on February 5, 2016. Plot In 1999, after an explosion at a women's health clinic in Atlanta, police detective Ben Walls is called back into active duty while on leave. As he investigates the scene, a second explosion goes off, and he loses consciousness. He wakes up at a hospital, and captain Miller, his superior officer, orders him to stay in bed. Eager to contact his wife and return to duty, he dresses and leaves his room, finding the hospital nearly empty. A nurse explains that most of the hospital's workers have been redirected toward a major fire in the city, which Walls assumes is the clinic bombing. The nurse directs him to a chapel, where she says several people are gathered. He finds Miller there with Ester, Jude, and Isaac. Miller gives him change to contact his wife at a payphone. After calling his wife, Walls can only speak a few words before the line goes dead. He attempts to leave the hospital, only to find the door locked. A security guard named Peter \"Grace\" Grayson offers to let Walls use the phone in his office, though the line turns out dead. Grayson says he knew Walls' parents, but a man in a paramedic's uniform shoots Grayson before he can explain further. Walls binds Grayson's wound and chases the paramedic, who knocks him unconscious. Because he is not wearing his glasses, Walls does not get a good look at the man's face. Walls reports the attack to Miller, but the nurse says Grayson's body is missing. Miller and the others from the chapel believe a man named Daniel to be responsible, though they do not tell Walls. Daniel, the paramedic, captures Jude and questions him about his belief in God. Jude says he no longer believes in God, and Daniel cuts out Jude's tongue when he curses God. After branding Jude with his cult's symbol, Daniel gains control over him. Daniel lures away the nurse when he says he has found Grayson, and he gains control over her, too, after branding her. After the nurse attacks him, Walls has a vision of his body in the hospital. Grayson briefly appears before him and explains that the situation is more complicated than being dead. Walls confronts Miller, demanding to know why nobody told him the truth, and Miller says that he was prohibited from doing so because of the rules. Miller orders the others to hide while he stays behind to face Daniel and his cult, but Isaac insists on helping Miller. As Isaac and Miller engage in a shootout with Daniel's followers, Walls and Ester discuss", "title": "Convergence (2015 film)" }, { "docid": "31997066", "text": "The following is a list of characters from The Walking Dead television series based on the eponymous comic book series. Although some characters appear in both the television and comic series, the continuity of the television series is not shared with the original comic book series. Cast Main cast Recurring cast Main characters Rick Grimes Rick Grimes, portrayed by Andrew Lincoln, is a former sheriff's deputy from a small Georgia town. He is an everyman — smart, calm, just, a sharpshooter, and a good friend, husband and father — but flawed. Rick is a natural leader, someone his fellow survivors will turn to in a crisis, confident in his guidance, even when he at times doubts himself. His overwhelming need to do the right thing and protect those who can't protect themselves may pull him away from his family, causing cracks of tension within his marriage with Lori and his relationship with his son, Carl. Frustrated about leading his group and keeping them safe, Rick gradually changes into a darker person. Eventually, he breaks down once again, following the deaths of Glenn and Abraham, and the overshadowing presence of Negan — the series' central antagonist in season six and seven. Throughout season seven, Rick slowly regains his footing and then starts preparing for an all-out war against Negan and the Saviors. However, before the war is over, Carl dies when a walker bites him with his last wish being for his father to find a way to forgive Negan and even join forces with him so that a large, strong community can live in peace, safe from walkers. Rick is then torn between his desire for revenge and his son's final wish for reconciliation. At the end of season eight, Rick manages to find a middle ground by almost, but not quite killing Negan and deciding to keep him locked inside a prison cell in Alexandria, thus ending the war. When Rick and the communities decide to build a bridge the following season, chaos erupts with the rebellious, remaining Saviors and conflict with members of Rick's group who believe Negan should die in retribution for brutally murdering Glenn and Abraham. In the midst of the conflict, Rick is critically wounded, the bridge is blown up, and Rick is presumed dead. However, unbeknownst to Michonne, Daryl, and the rest of the community, a nearly dead Rick is discovered by Jadis, who arranges him to be taken off in a helicopter with her to an unknown destination. In the series finale, Judith reveals to Daryl and Carol the truth about Michonne's departure in search of Rick, who is still alive. Shane Walsh Shane Walsh, portrayed by Jon Bernthal, is a former sheriff's deputy from a small Georgia town. He was Rick's partner in the sheriff's department and his best friend since high school. After the walkers begin to take over, Shane goes to visit Rick in the hospital, where he has lain in a coma since being shot. He cannot save Rick", "title": "List of The Walking Dead (TV series) characters" }, { "docid": "40875324", "text": "Christmas with the Dead is a 2012 zombie apocalypse film based on the Joe R. Lansdale short story of the same name. Plot Strange electrical currents hurtle towards Earth from outer space. Calvin lives a typical life with his wife Ella and daughter Tina in the fictional East Texas town of Mud Creek It's during the holidays and one night Ella harasses him to put up Christmas decorations on their home. Instead Calvin naps on the couch and then a freak lightning storm from the strange electrical currents causes everyone who sees it to drop dead. When Calvin awakes he finds his wife and daughter seemingly dead. Awash with grief, he lays the two out on their bed. As soon as Calvin turns his back, his daughter rises from the dead and crawls out an open window. Then Ella rises as a zombie and attacks him. After he subdues her, his neighbor Ray shows up and tells Calvin Tina has bitten him and he had no choice but to kill her by striking her with a hammer. Soon Calvin realizes most of the inhabitants of Mud Creek are now zombies. Flash forward two years and Calvin has adapted to his lifestyle of living in a world full of the un-dead. He keeps his wife Ella chained up on the back porch of his house which is now a small fortress to keep the zombies at bay. He feeds Ella dog food in a dog bowl as he just can't bring himself to kill her for good. He transmits from the local radio station hoping someone will hear him, but it's to no avail. He even greets his former friend Ray, now a zombie after being bitten by Calvin's young daughter, as he drives away to run errands. He then runs into a man shooting zombies and dragging them to his pickup. The man at first thinks Calvin is a zombie and tries to shoot him. When Calvin asks the man what's he doing, he replies \"Shooting the shit out of zombies\". This is the first living human Calvin has seen in years. G.M. states his 3D glasses he always wears saved him from the effects of the storm. Calvin objects to G.M. shooting the zombies saying they are sick people. \"These are my neighbors!\" he replies. That night on G.M.'s roof, the two play loud music with a heavy beat and the zombies come pouring out of the woods and \"dance\" to the beat of the music. One day some former inmates from a state mental hospital hear Calvin's broadcast on their car radio. The inmates armed with handguns take Calvin and G.M. hostage and then to meet Reverend Mac who rules over the former inmates of the hospital, some of whom are clearly mentally ill, with the cult-like zeal of a Jim Jones. Now it's up to Calvin and G.M. to escape from both the Reverend and his flock of mentally deranged patients and the zombies as well. Cast", "title": "Christmas with the Dead (film)" }, { "docid": "73861913", "text": "Maa Oori Polimera () is a 2021 Indian Telugu language thriller film written and directed by Anil Vishwanath with Baladitya and Satyam Rajesh in the lead roles. The film was exclusively released on the Disney+ Hotstar streaming platform. A sequel, Maa Oori Polimera 2, released in 2023. Plot Jangaiah is an aspiring police constable who lives with his brother, Komaraiah who is an auto driver and his wife, Lachimi. Their neighbours are a drunkard and his wife. They live in a village which has rumours of someone performing dark magic and chethabadi (witchcraft). The village also has a sarpanch who is ruthless and hated by everyone. The sarpach also troubles the women in the village and also the drunkard’s wife. When a fight happens between sarpanch’s men and drunkard, Komaraiah pleads the sarpanch to release him. After a few days, the sarpanch mysteriously dies in a car crash. In another instance, one pregnant lady of the village, Kavitha suddenly gets labour pains and dies in the hospital. When the family of the woman visit a village tantrik, he tells them that someone performed black magic on her and that the culprit has to perform the last stage of the process near the dead body and asks the family to keep an eye out for anyone near the dead body. The family gives money to Malli, a watchman, to immediately inform them if someone comes near the dead body. Komaraiah enters the cemetery at this time for his usual business of going to latrine. By seeing this, the brother of the woman suddenly comes to the scene and kills Komaraiah by burning him alive. After he dies, Jangaiah tries to investigate into the case and files a case in the court. It becomes a hit media sensation. Just as the case was about to go in his favour, he withdraws his case. When confronted about why he withdrew his case, he reveals to Lachimi and his neighbour that his brother is the one that performed black magic on the girl and also on the sarpanch. Komaraih during his childhood, grew up with his uncle who taught him black magic. He was in love with the woman when he was in school and one time when she boarded his auto, he couldn’t contain seeing her happy. He decided to perform black magic on her and killed her. It is later revealed that Komaraiah is still alive and it was Malli who caught fire and died. Cast Baladitya as Jangaiah Kamakshi Bhaskarla as Lachimi Satyam Rajesh as Komaraiah Getup Srinu as Balija Chitram Seenu Ravi Varma as Sarpanch Reception Critical response A reviewer of 123 Telugu wrote \" It doesn’t make for a good viewership for the family audience, owing to the adult content. But if you like realistic drama, you might give it a try\". A reviewer of Eenadu wrote \"should be put It is a mistake to think that only young people want to watch OTT movie. In today's situation where", "title": "Maa Oori Polimera" }, { "docid": "74364662", "text": "Birth/Rebirth is a 2023 American psychological horror film directed by Laura Moss in their feature directorial debut, from a screenplay by Moss and Brendan J. O'Brien, and is inspired by the 1818 novel Frankenstein by Mary Shelley. Starring Marin Ireland, Judy Reyes, A.J. Lister, Breeda Wool, and LaChanze, the film follows a morgue technician who, after successfully reanimating the body of a young girl, must harvest biological material from pregnant women in order to keep her alive. Birth/Rebirth premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 20, 2023, and was theatrically released in the United States on August 18, 2023, to positive reviews from critics. Plot Dr. Rose Casper is a hospital pathologist who prefers the company of cadavers to social interaction. She finds the idea of female biological reproduction distasteful, but is obsessed with its clinical processes, gestating materials in her own body in order to discover a way to bring the dead back to life. Celie Morales is a maternity nurse and single mother whose life revolves around her precocious five-year-old daughter, Lila. Efficient and empathetic, she is passionate about helping women give birth in an environment where they feel empowered and listened to. The worlds of these two women collide when Lila dies suddenly and ends up on Rose's autopsy table. The circumstances of the little girl's death make her the perfect human candidate for Rose's next experiment. When Lila's body disappears from the hospital, Celie begins to suspect that Rose is to blame. She forces her way into Rose's Co-op City apartment and discovers her daughter, reanimated in a home lab but just barely clinging to life. Rose's experiment has worked. She's brought Lila back from the dead. The treatment however, is highly experimental, and the little girl's continued recovery is anything but certain. Both women realize they will need to draw on each other's very different expertise in order to keep Lila alive. Cast Marin Ireland as Rose Judy Reyes as Celie A.J. Lister as Lila Breeda Wool as Emily Monique Gabriela Curnen as Rita Grant Harrison as Scott LaChanze as Colleen Rina Mejia as Pauline Production Laura Moss devised a story concept based on their obsession with Mary Shelley's Frankenstein in the early 2000s. Moss began a first draft of 60 pages consisting of mainly imagery and story ideas. Brendan J. O'Brien, their long-time writing partner then outlined the plot and wrote the second draft. Moss explained to Filmmaker, \"That tends to be how we work: his drafts are too long, my drafts are too short. We bat scenes back and forth, and by the end of the process, we don't even remember who touched what. We're very much married by the end of it\". In 2018, Cinestate became briefly involved with the project, but the sides would spilt due to creative differences. In 2020, the script was selected to participate in the Sundance Institute Screenwriters Lab. That same year, Moss met with Emily Gotto of Shudder, who Moss has credited with having \"really", "title": "Birth/Rebirth" }, { "docid": "1680880", "text": "The Little Sisters of Eluria is a fantasy novella by American writer Stephen King. It was originally published in 1998 in the anthology Legends. In 2002, it was included in King's collection Everything's Eventual. In 2009, it was published together with the revised edition of The Dark Tower: The Gunslinger by Grant in a limited edition of 4,000 numbered copies of the Artist Edition signed by illustrator Michael Whelan and 1,250 numbered copies of the Deluxe Edition signed by Whelan and Stephen King. Both editions contain Whelan's additional new illustrations for The Gunslinger. Plot summary The tale features Roland of Gilead, whose quest for the Dark Tower is in its infancy; its events precede those of the body of the Dark Tower cycle, but occur after Roland's experiences in Mejis, as chronicled in The Dark Tower IV: Wizard and Glass. At the time of telling he is accompanied by a horse and is already following Walter o'Dim, the Man in Black. He plans to eventually buy another horse, or perhaps a mule, which ties in with the events at the beginning of The Dark Tower: The Gunslinger. Roland and his horse arrive at a deserted village, Eluria, where they encounter a feral dog bearing a cross-shaped spot in its fur attempting to eat a dead body. Roland scares it off, and while looking over the corpse, finds a rectangular medallion. Roland takes it and is immediately attacked and rendered unconscious by a group of slow mutants. He later awakens in a hospital marquee run by a strange group of nuns. Calling themselves The Little Sisters, they use tiny bug-like creatures they call \"doctors\" to heal his severe injuries. Roland slowly discovers the Sisters are actually vampires, who bring stray survivors back to their \"hospital\" only to feed on them once they've recovered. The medallion Roland took from the dead body in the village proves to be a sort of holy protection from them. He notices another \"patient\" next to him who bears a matching medallion, and Roland comes to learn that the dead man whose medallion he removed is the brother of his fellow patient. Roland's wounds are eventually healed, but he is powerless to escape from his malevolent benefactors, who keep him weakened with potions. One of the Sisters, Sister Jenna, reveals to Roland that she had involuntarily joined the others and longs to leave them. She sneaks a dose of a powerful herb to Roland, which counteracts the weakening potions, and he slowly regains his strength until they are ready to escape. The Sisters bring one of the mutants to the hospital to remove the medallions from Roland and the patient next to him, since the Sisters are unable to touch the medallions themselves. The mutant realizes the Sisters will most likely kill him after he has removed the medallions, so he removes the medallion from the patient next to Roland and slashes the patient's neck open. The sight of gushing blood incites the Sisters into a feeding", "title": "The Little Sisters of Eluria" }, { "docid": "41171852", "text": "Big Ass Spider! is a 2013 science fiction action film directed by Mike Mendez. The film tells the story of a bug exterminator, who, with the help of a hospital security guard and the military, battles a giant spider that goes on a rampage in Los Angeles. Plot Alex Mathis is a cash-strapped but good-natured exterminator working in Los Angeles. While helping an elderly woman with a rodent problem, he is bitten by a venomous spider and is treated at a hospital. Meanwhile, a mortician is bitten by a rodent-sized spider that crawls out of a dead body which just arrived at the hospital. Learning of this, Alex offers to take care of the spider in exchange for clearing his hospital bill. José Ramos, a hospital security guard, offers to help Alex. Going to the morgue, Alex deduces the spider escaped into an air vent. He enters the vent and communicates with José via walkie-talkie. Meanwhile, a U.S military task force led by Major Braxton Tanner and Lieutenant Karly Brant show up at the hospital to examine the dead body the spider burst out of. Meanwhile, the spider, growing exponentially, kills a paralyzed hospital patient. Back inside the vent, Alex stumbles upon a spiderweb and learns that it is highly flammable. Alex ventures into the hospital basement, where he has a confrontation with the spider. The spider is driven off by Karly and escapes into a grate down into the sewer, where it sprays acid at and kills a homeless man. Alex, enamored with Karly, offers his assistance to Braxton, who declines, especially when Alex presses her for answers on where the spider came from. José convinces Alex to continue their pursuit as it could be the most important thing of their lives. The duo tracks the still-growing spider at a public park, where it kills dozens of people. Alex and José get the spider to chase their truck and lure it to the military. A huge firefight ensues, but the spider escapes into the nearby woods. Karly and a group of soldiers pursue it, but the spider ambushes them, kills most of the soldiers, and captures Karly. After Alex and José demand answers, Braxton reveals that they discovered alien DNA and hoped to use it as a growth hormone. However, a spider's nest was hidden in some test fruit, thus exposing the spider to the alien DNA and triggering its rapid growth. It is also revealed that the spider will soon start reproducing based on its size and their studies of the alien DNA. Alex and José head for the city, as the now-enormous spider sets up a nest at the U.S. Bank Tower. As they enter the skyscraper, Braxton informs them that Karly is located directly inside the nest, and warns them of an impending airstrike. They get to Karly and free her and several other trapped citizens just before the hatching baby spiders can attack. The group makes it out of the building seconds before the airstrike", "title": "Big Ass Spider!" }, { "docid": "21113617", "text": "\"There Are No Angels Here\" is the 20th episode of the 12nd season of the American medical drama television series ER, and the 265th episode overall. It was written by R. Scott Gemmill and David Zabel and directed by Christopher Chulack, and originally aired on NBC on May 4, 2006. Plot synopsis This episode is set exclusively in Darfur. Pratt is still put out and feeling out of place as he tries to work in the clinic. He argues with Dr Dakarai on the solutions to Darfur's problems. Pratt thinks that Sudan should sort itself out. Dr Dakarai pulls him up on this and Pratt notes that just because he's black doesn't mean he has to feel at home in Africa. They spot a mother with a sick baby and persuade her to come to the clinic but when she is there they find there is nothing they can do for her. Pratt wants to try but Carter tells him they don’t have the resources to keep the baby alive. Carter tells the woman about his own son dying in hospital (see episode Midnight) but she says she finds it hard to believe that babies die in western hospitals. Meanwhile Carter and Debbie reach the police station and speak to the officer in charge. He won’t even let them see the prisoner. Carter threatens to report them for walking in on Debbie in the shower. With this threat and a bribe they are allowed into the cells. Carter finds the Sheik and inspects him. He tells the guard that the man is dead. They are allowed to take the body and they load him into the back of the jeep. As soon as they are away from the police station Carter starts to treat the Sheik – he is not dead, but he is close to it. In the camp Carter and Debbie have saved the Sheik. He is holding his daughter for the first time. Pratt arrives and relays the news. The Sheik’s wife will live but Dr. Dakarai is missing. Debbie, Dr. Dakarai’s partner, wants to go out and search but it is too late in the day. An exhausted Pratt walks through the camp looking at the people. In the distance he sees a commotion. It is Dr. Dakarai walking back into camp. He left the jeep as soon as Pratt had gone and has been walking back ever since. Pratt hugs him. Debbie kisses him. Carter is amazed. The Sheik and his wife name their daughter Amala, a name that means ‘hope’. Guest starring Noah Wyle as Dr. John Carter Eamonn Walker as Dr. Stephen Dakarai Mary McCormack as Debbie Awards The 2007 Humanitas Prize, in the 60 Minute Category, was awarded to scriptwriters R. Scott Gemmill and David Zabel for \"There Are No Angels Here\". References External links Full Cast & Crew at the Internet Movie Database Writers Guild of America article by writer David Zabel about writing and filming episodes based in Darfur. Amnesty", "title": "There Are No Angels Here" }, { "docid": "29406237", "text": "The Refuge or Hideaway is a 2009 French drama film directed by François Ozon, starring Isabelle Carré and French singer Louis-Ronan Choisy, who wrote the music for the film and the title song. The script was written by Ozon with Matthieu Hippeau. The film won the Special Prize of the Jury at the 2009 San Sebastián International Film Festival. It opened in Paris January 27, 2010 to generally lukewarm but not unkind reviews. It was released in the U.S. by Strand. It was part of the uni-France/Film Society of Lincoln Center series the Rendez-Vous with French Cinema in March 2010 with screenings at the Walter Reade Theater and IFC Center. Plot Louis and Mousse, a couple in their early 30s, are doing drugs in bed in a luxurious half empty Parisian apartment. A drug dealer brings them six grams of heroin and Louis injects Mousse and himself with it. The next morning, rising early; Louis gives himself another shot, which is fatal. Louis' mother arrives trying to rent the apartment, and she discovers the couple: Louis is dead from an overdose, but Mousse is alive. She is taken to a hospital where she finally awakens. Mousse is informed of the death of her boyfriend and that she is pregnant. After Louis' funeral and burial, his mother, bluntly, tells the confused Mousse that they do not want an heir for her dead son and that they have made arrangements to terminate the pregnancy. Louis’ brother, Paul, looks on, empathizing with Mousse. Some months later, Mousse has found refuge in a seaside country house where she lives as a recluse during the pregnancy she has decided to keep. The house has been lent to her by an older man who was Mousse’s lover when she was sixteen years old. In her hideaway, she takes her time to meditate on her future while living with limited funds and dependent on the methadone she must take in order to stay off heroin. Emotionally guarded, her only contact with the outside world is Serge, a local young man, who delivers her food. Mousse’s quiet existence is disrupted when Paul, Louis’ brother, on his way to Spain, stops at the house to see how she is doing. Paul’s visit is not only unexpected, but unwelcome. However, she allows him to stay. As they begin to share the house and to talk, Mousse warms up to him and they become friends. Paul sees in Mousse a kindred spirit. He tries to get her to go out, something she has not done, preferring to stay home, away from people. Paul finally convinces her to go to the beach with him. There, she becomes distraught by a well-intentioned, but overbearing woman who gives her unwelcome stories and advice about being pregnant. Talking to Paul, Mousse realizes that he is very different from his brother. This is not surprising as he tells her that he is not Louis' biological brother, but was adopted. Paul is gay and not a threat", "title": "The Refuge (film)" }, { "docid": "31668124", "text": "The prohibition of Kohen defilement to the dead is the commandment to a Jewish priest (kohen) not to come in direct contact with, or be in the same enclosed roofed space as a dead human body. Hebrew Bible The command forbidding the priest from defilement by contact with a dead body is stated in the Book of Leviticus; Rabbinical application Although the priest, or modern kohen, is forbidden to come in contact with a dead body, he is permitted to become defiled for his closest relatives: father, mother, brother, unmarried sister, and child. Defilement of a Kohen to his wife, although implied in the Torah text as forbidden according to Maimonides and Ibn Ezra on Leviticus 21:3-4, is permitted by rabbinical order. Enclosures A Kohen is forbidden to enter any house or enclosure (\"ohel\", tent) in which a dead body (or part thereof), may be found (, , , ). Practical examples of these prohibitions include: not entering a cemetery or attending a funeral; not being under the same roof (i.e. in a home or hospital) as a dismembered organ. The rules and regulations of defilement are discussed at length in the Mishnah Tohorot. A cursory rule of thumb is that the kohen may not enter a room with a dead person. Cemeteries Rabbinic prohibition further limits the Kohen of coming within four amoth of an outdoor (i.e. no roof or overhang present) corpse or grave, but a fence or groove with a height or depth of 10 tefachim eases the restriction and enables the Kohen to be within four tefachim of the corpse or grave. In order to protect the Kohen from coming into prohibited contact with or proximity to the dead, Orthodox cemeteries traditionally designate a burial ground for Kohanim and their families which is at a distance from the general burial ground, so that the relatives of Kohanim can be visited by a Kohen without him entering the cemetery. A non-Jew There is a Tannaic dispute as to whether the prohibition of defilement is applicable to the corpse of a non-Jew. Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai claims that the corpses of non-Jews do not cause defilement, but the Gemara goes on questioning this claim and comes to no clear conclusion. Exceptions Meit mitzvah, commandment of burying The Talmud prescribes that if a priest, even the High Priest, chances upon a corpse by the wayside, and there is no one else in the area who can be called upon to bury it, then the priest himself must forgo the requirement to abstain from defilement and perform the burial of this person (a meit mitzvah). Death of a nasi The Talmud Yerushalmi and Talmud Bavli quote an instance where the restriction of a kohen to defile himself to a corpse was ostensibly waived. In the case of the death of a nasi (top rabbinic leader of a religious academy). The Talmud relates that when Judah haNasi died, the priestly laws forbidding defilement through contact with the dead were temporarily suspended,", "title": "Prohibition of Kohen defilement by the dead" }, { "docid": "15523252", "text": "\"Dead Man Walking\" is the seventh episode of the second series of British science fiction television series Torchwood. It was broadcast by BBC Three and BBC HD on 20 February 2008; it made its terrestrial debut on BBC Two on 27 February. In the episode, Death uses the recently undead Torchwood team member Owen Harper (Burn Gorman) as a bridgehead to come through to Earth. Death seeks to take thirteen lives to remain on Earth permanently. Plot Synopsis Jack revives Owen using a resurrection glove, similar to the one used by Suzie and Gwen, after finding it in an abandoned church guarded by Weevils, as he does not wish to give up on Owen. As with Suzie, Owen was brought back from death permanently, although this time there is no obvious source. No energy was drained from Jack, as Suzie was draining energy from Gwen, but Owen is getting energy from somewhere. Owen has visions of himself shrouded in darkness and hearing whispers. He also temporarily loses control of his body when his eyes turn black and he speaks in an unknown language. Owen heads to a bar, where he discovers that his bodily processes have stopped, even though he still has electrical activity in the brain. Jack finds him and a brawl ensues, which results in their being arrested. Once outside, they encounter Weevils who chase them onto a rooftop. They are surprised to see the Weevils bow to Owen, who addresses the Weevils in the unknown language. Upon analysis, it is found that Owen's cells are changing, and upon 100% transformation something will happen. Research shows that a similar situation occurred in legend, and that Death came back with the revived person and searched for 13 victims, whose consumed souls would enable Death to remain in the world. The story details that \"Faith\" prevented it. Owen suggests that his neural pathways should be closed by being embalmed. During the process, the glove attacks Martha, ageing her rapidly. Owen shoots the gauntlet. Controlling Owen, Death then says, \"I will walk the earth forever, and my hunger shall know no bounds\". Death arrives at the hospital along with Torchwood to take 12 souls. Ianto, monitoring Martha, explains that the \"Faith\" which defeated Death was actually a resurrected child named Faith. When Torchwood evacuates the hospital, Owen realises that he is the only one who can defeat Death as he is dead. Owen fights Death, consuming its energy and forcing it back into the darkness, also restoring Martha to her original age. In the Hub, Martha explains that the energy keeping Owen undead is dissipating, and she is unsure how long it will last. Continuity The use of a second resurrection gauntlet leads to many references to that used by Suzie Costello in \"Everything Changes\" and \"They Keep Killing Suzie\". Ianto reprises his line \"That's the thing about gloves - they come in pairs...\" from the latter episode. Jack states in \"They Keep Killing Suzie\" that the first resurrection gauntlet fell", "title": "Dead Man Walking (Torchwood)" }, { "docid": "26411991", "text": "A beating heart cadaver is a body that is pronounced dead in all medical and legal definitions, connected to a medical ventilator, and retains cardio-pulmonary functions. This keeps the organs of the body, including the heart, functioning and alive. As a result, the period of time in which the organs may be used for transplantation is extended. The heart contains pacemaker cells that will cause it to continue beating even when a patient is brain-dead. Other organs in the body do not have this capability and need the brain to be functioning to send signals to the organs to carry out their functions. A beating heart cadaver requires a ventilator to provide oxygen to its blood, but the heart will continue to beat on its own even in the absence of brain activity. This allows organs to be preserved for a longer period of time in the case of a transplant or donation. A small number of cases in recent years indicate that it can also be implemented for a brain-dead pregnant woman to reach the full term of her pregnancy. There is an advantage to beating heart cadaver organ donation because doctors are able to see the vitals of the organs and tell if they are stable and functioning before transplanting to an ailing patient. This is not possible in a donation from someone pronounced dead. History The observed phenomena of lifelike qualities after death is not a new concept. In René Descartes' Discourse on the Method, he notes that decapitated animals move and display characteristics of a living body a few seconds after decapitation which was published in 1637. This continued into the French Revolution where it was observed that people who had been beheaded showed movements in facial muscles and hearts could continue to beat for almost an hour past the time of beheading. The guillotine in some cases did not completely sever head from body. In 1875 an examiner named Pierre Jean Cabanis was assigned the duty of making sure a body was truly dead. There were also stories involving beheadings where the victims would stand up and walk around before falling dead. The ambiguity around brain death and true death has followed it to present day. In an effort to clarify some of these gray areas, the Harvard Medical Committee developed criteria for identifying a body as dead in 1968. These criteria required patients to be completely unaware and unresponsive to external stimuli, have no spontaneous muscle movements, and exhibit no reflexive response even when manipulated. They also required that an electroencephalography (EEG) show no signs of activity. The purpose of this report was to encourage physicians to distinguish brain death and irreversible coma from a persistent vegetative state where the patient still has some awareness and cycles through sleep and wakefulness. In 1971 similar Minnesota criteria were published eliminating the EEG, repeating the exam after 12 hours, a severe lesion in the brain, and increasing the duration of the apnea test to four minutes", "title": "Beating heart cadaver" }, { "docid": "34857293", "text": "\"Dead Man Walking\" is the fifth episode of the first season of the American medical drama Body of Proof. It was originally broadcast in the United States on ABC on April 19, 2011. The episode was directed by Matthew Gross and written by series creator Christopher Murphey. In the episode, Megan (Dana Delany) investigates the murder of Ted Harbison (Kevin Kaine), who dies shortly after surgery and has to face up to her past, by going back to her former hospital; and Ethan (Geoffrey Arend) and Curtis (Windell Middlebrooks) autopsy Jessica Archer (Christina Hendricks), a woman who died from a blood clot, and meet her twin sister Karen (Hendricks), for whom Ethan begins to develop feelings. The episode received positive reviews, and was watched by 11.30 million viewers, according to Nielsen ratings, on the Tuesday night it aired in the United States. Critics praised Hendricks, with one stating that \"guest stars like this should help keep up the quality\", saying her role was \"lovely\". Christine Orlando from TV Fanatic called it \"one of its most entertaining episode's yet\" due to the partnership between Ethan and Curtis. Plot Ted Harbison (Kevin Kaine) is found dead in a park. Dr. Megan Hunt (Dana Delany) investigates into his death and during the investigation, it is revealed Ted had surgery just before he died, and Megan finds three surgical staples that weren't closed fully, causing him to bleed out internally, causing Megan to think that Ted was murdered. Megan visits her old hospital, where she was once a neurosurgeon. Ted's surgeon, Doctor Chandler (Marc Blucas) has a reputation for recklessness while performing surgeries and Megan finds out that the video was never turned on, meaning the surgery was never recorded. While at the hospital, Megan meets her old friend and the hospital administrator Gwen Baldwin (Carolyn McCormick) and while there Gwen reveals her son died of an overdose. Meanwhile, in Philadelphia, Ethan (Geoffrey Arend) and Curtis (Windell Middlebrooks) autopsy Jessica Archer (Christina Hendricks), with both Ethan and Curtis unsure how she died. Jessica's twin sister arrives, Karen (Hendricks), and she and Ethan are attracted to each other. Meanwhile, Megan discovers that the surgical staple gun was tampered with. The guns come in packs of three but the pack was broken up between three surgeries, one was given to Ted, another to George White (Dan Amboyer) who Megan has to perform emergency surgery on after finding him near-dead, and the third staple gun was not used. Megan finds traces of fungus found on bonsai trees on the staple guns and Megan realizes that Gwen has bonsai trees. When her son died, he was pledging for the fraternity where George is president. Gwen tampered with the staple guns to kill George, not realizing that the pack would be broken up. Ethan and Curtis find out that Jessica had a genetic mutation that caused a blood clot, so Ethan warns Karen that she might also have one. Megan confronts Gwen, who confesses to Megan. Gwen is eventually", "title": "Dead Man Walking (Body of Proof)" }, { "docid": "31385103", "text": "My Valentine Girls is a romantic comedy film directed by Dominic Zapata, Andoy Ranay and Chris Martinez, starring Richard Gutierrez, Rhian Ramos, Solenn Heussaff, Lovi Poe and Eugene Domingo. The film was released in 2011. The film was produced by GMA Pictures. Plot Richard is a novelist who wants to write the perfect love story. The movie tells a trilogy of stories. The movie started with Richard being bothered and insulted by his little sister as he writes his novel. After this, the little girl decided to read the second part of the story as Richard takes a break. Richard returns and is thinking of making a horrific story to end his novel. He originally wanted to make a story with a vampire and werewolf but decided that it just sounds like Twilight so he decided to make an apocalyptic story. At the end, Richard has finally released his book and on his book celebration party. With the re-appearance of all the leading ladies of the three stories there is an announcement of the world coming to an end because of North Korea launching its nuclear missiles. Soulmates Oslec is a taxi driver who cares for his mom and his sister. Aia on the other hand is rich clothing designer. One night while on shift Oslec gets a flat tire and while trying to fix, he is hit by a car driven by Aia. Aia awakens and is yelled at by Oslec on her way home saying that he can't get home ever since he was hit by Aia. Oslec follows Aia to her house and discovers he is dead and is now a ghost. Aia helps Oslec get home and is guilty that she killed Oslec. Oslec goes back to Aia's house saying he got lonely and had no one to talk to. The two eventually become friends and learn more about each other they fall in love with one another. Oslec goes home and over hears that he is not dead. Aia and Oslec visit Osclec's body in the hospital and promise each other once Oslec wakes up they will do everything they did together when Oslec was a ghost. Oslec wakes up but Aia discovers that she is also a ghost when Oslec's mother and sister walk right through her. Oslec is now alive and well but is sad when his mom tells him that she heard that Aia died the other day, so Oslec decides to visit Aia's house and is informed by her father that she is not dead. Oslec goes to the hospital and tells Aia to wake up and that they'll do everything they did in their dreams and leaves her a note. A couple weeks later Oslec is at Enchanted Kingdom with his family when he sees Aia well again. And the two reunite and admit that they love each other. BBF The story starts on Valentine's Day. Where everyone is so busy with all the usual rituals couples do. On the", "title": "My Valentine Girls" }, { "docid": "7011080", "text": "Rage is a 1972 American thriller/mystery film starring George C. Scott, Richard Basehart, Martin Sheen, and Barnard Hughes. Scott also directed the film, which is about a sheep rancher who is fatally exposed to a military lab's poison gas. The plot was inspired by a true event, the Dugway sheep incident, in which a jet accidentally sprayed VX, a lethal nerve gas, in Utah's Skull Valley resulting in the deaths of 3,000–6,000 sheep. Nicolas Beauvy is featured as the rancher's son in a cast that also includes Paul Stevens and Stephen Young. Plot While on a camping trip, Wyoming sheep rancher Dan Logan and his son are inadvertently exposed to a secret Army nerve gas from a helicopter passing overhead. Both end up in a hospital where the military, with the help of a military doctor conspire to keep them apart, limit their contact to outsiders, and lie to them about their condition. The military looks at the incident as little more than an opportunity to study the effectiveness of a nerve gas on humans. Logan tries to hold someone accountable for their actions, but he and his family physician are stone-walled from every angle by military authorities and by bureaucrats staging a cover-up—with those responsible already well insulated by their positions of power. He is hospitalized and put under observation by the government for symptoms related to exposure to nerve agents, and to record his physiological responses to the toxins. Becoming increasingly anxious over his son, Logan leaves his room to search the hospital. His investigation leads him to the morgue, where he is traumatized to find his son dead. Initially stunned and shocked at the sight of his son's mutilated body, he becomes enraged. Having determined the company that has manufactured the nerve agent which has killed his son, he destroys it. At this point he begins exhibiting obvious symptoms of the nerve agent, and heads toward the military base from which the nerve agent was dispersed. He breaches the base's security fence, but is obviously allowed to do so. Logan stops the truck and stumbles out, falling to the ground as helicopters circle above. Soon he is surrounded by army troops while he lies twitching and convulsing in the final stages of nerve agent poisoning. Major Holliford approaches the body and requests a syringe, seemingly to draw blood from Logan's dead body. The film concludes with Logan's body transported to a lab for study by the military. Cast George C. Scott as Dan Logan Richard Basehart as Dr. Caldwell Martin Sheen as Major Holliford Barnard Hughes as Dr. Spencer Ed Lauter as Simpson Reception Vincent Canby of The New York Times described the film as \"a bit schizoid. What it says and what it looks like don't have much in common.\" Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune gave the film two stars out of four and wrote, \"As good an actor as he is, and 'Rage' is a decent example of his strength, Scott is a dismal", "title": "Rage (1972 film)" }, { "docid": "194266", "text": "Frozen Dead Guy Days (started 2002) is an annual celebration held in the town of Nederland, Colorado until 2023 and in Estes Park, Colorado in 2023, to loosely celebrate the cryopreservation of Bredo Morstoel. History In 1989, a Norwegian citizen named Trygve Bauge brought the corpse of his recently deceased grandfather, Bredo Morstøl, to the United States. The body was preserved on dry ice for the trip, and stored in liquid nitrogen at the Trans Time cryonics facility in San Leandro, California from 1990 to 1993. In 1993, Bredo was returned to dry ice and transported to the town of Nederland, where Trygve and his mother Aud planned to create a cryonics facility of their own. When Trygve was deported from the United States for overstaying his visa, his mother, Aud, continued keeping her father's body cryogenically frozen in a shack behind her unfinished house. Aud was eventually evicted from her home for living in a house with no electricity or plumbing, in violation of local ordinances. At that time, she told a local reporter about her father's body, and those of two other individuals, and the reporter went to the local city hall in order to let them know about Aud's fears that her eviction would cause her father's body to thaw out. According to an article in the February 7, 1995, The Denver Post, Aud Morstoel was found guilty by a jury of building-use and zoning violations. The Nederland town judge ordered her to remove the frozen body of her father from Nederland by March 6 or face 10 days in jail and a $600.00 fine. The story caused a sensation. In response, the city added a broad new provision to Section 7-34 of its Municipal Code, \"Keeping of bodies\", outlawing the keeping of \"the whole or any part of the person, body or carcass of a human being or animal or other biological species which is not alive upon any property\". However, because of the publicity that had arisen, they made an exception for Bredo, a grandfather clause. Trygve secured the services of Delta Tech, a local environmental company, to keep the cryonic facility running. Bo Shaffer, CEO of Delta Tech, was known locally as \"The Iceman\" and caretaker responsible for transporting the dry ice necessary for cryopreservation to the IC Institute, something he has done since 1995. In that year, the local Tuff Shed supplier and a Denver radio station built a new shed in which to store the body of Bredo. In the fall of 2012, Jane Curtis Gazit and Mike Wooten, took over as Bredo's caretakers, but they passed caretaking duties to Brad Wickham, a resident of Nederland, who is the current caretaker. In honor of the town's unique resident, Nederland holds an annual celebration, first started in 2002. Annual celebration Frozen Dead Guy Days is typically celebrated on the second weekend of March. Coffin races, a hearse parade, and \"Frozen Dead Guy\" lookalike contests are held. A documentary on \"Grandpa Bredo\", called Grandpa's", "title": "Frozen Dead Guy Days" }, { "docid": "42791116", "text": "Sx_Tape (also stylized as SX_TAPE and sxtape) is a 2013 American found-footage horror film directed, edited, and photographed by Bernard Rose. The film premiered on October 10, 2013 at the BFI London Film Festival and released to DVD on July 2, 2014. It stars Caitlyn Folley and Ian Duncan as a young couple that decides to film a sex tape in an abandoned hospital, only to discover that it is not as abandoned as they believed it to be. The film has had a predominantly negative critical reception. Synopsis The film opens with a detective informing Jill (Caitlyn Folley) that her boyfriend Adam (Ian Duncan) is dead and that two others are missing. The film then cuts to Adam shooting film of Jill with the intention of turning it into a film about her and her paintings. He jokingly asks to film a sex tape and despite Jill initially declining, he then films the two of them trying to have sex in various locations. During a drive home, Adam points out The Vergerus Institute for Troubled Women, an abandoned hospital rumored to have given various women abortions. He idly mentions that he would like to hold a party there and have Jill display her paintings, which prompts Jill to push the two into exploring the hospital. The two are nearly caught by a passing policeman, which prompts them to stay in the hospital and explore until they are sure he has left. During this time Adam talks Jill into letting him tie her down to an operating table, after which he pretends to leave her. While he is gone, a female ghost attacks and possesses Jill. When Adam returns, Jill shows no outward sign of her state and agrees to a sexual encounter with Adam, during which she suffers a nose bleed. They decide to leave but find that their car has been towed. Jill manages to persuade her friend Ellie (Diana Garcia) to pick them up, but Ellie's boyfriend Bobby (Chris Coy) talks Jill into going back inside. This elicits jealousy from Adam, who believes that Jill is only doing this because she is attracted to Bobby. Once inside Adam keeps trying to get everyone to leave and nearly comes to blows with Bobby, who keeps flirting with Jill. Bobby threatens Adam with a gun and wanders off with Jill. Ellie persuades Adam to wait behind while she goes to find the others, knowing that Adam would likely spark a lethal fight. After waiting a while, Adam goes looking for them and eventually finds a hysterical Jill standing near blood spatters and gun shells. Jill vaguely tells Adam that she had a fight with Ellie after she caught Bobby kissing her. They continue to wander around the hospital looking for the exit and the pair finds the hospital's medical record archive, where Jill is engrossed by the records of Nicolette, a lobotomized patient that had exhibited aggression and suicidal tendencies. Adam pushes Jill to leave, which provokes her to", "title": "Sx Tape" }, { "docid": "6030859", "text": "The House on Skull Mountain is a 1974 horror film directed by Ron Honthaner. After Pauline Christophe (Mary J. Todd McKenzie), the sole heir for the mansion on Skull Mountain dies, four of her family members are called to hear her will. Upon arrival, each of the guests is stalked by a skeleton in a robe. Plot summary Elderly Pauline Christophe dies in her home on Skull Mountain. Two days later, four of her relatives arrive for the funeral and reading of the will: Phillippe, Lorena, Dr. Andrew Cunningham, and Harriet Johnson. Pauline, as well as her butler Thomas and maid Louette, were avid practitioners of voodoo and the funeral proceedings are plagued by various voodoo related phenomena. The night after the funeral, Philippe sees Thomas performing a ritual with a voodoo doll. When Thomas plunges a needle into the doll, Philippe falls down an empty elevator shaft to his death. Drawn by his screams, Cunningham finds Philippe's body, along with a voodoo fetish. The sheriff is called and takes the body away, telling the others they cannot leave town until after an autopsy is performed. The next morning, while Lorena and Cunningham are in town, Harriet enters Pauline's room, discovering a voodoo shrine. A rocking chair begins to move and Harriet is bitten by a rattlesnake. Cunningham and Lorena return to find her unconscious and rush her to the hospital. Thomas kills Harriet with another voodoo doll. When Cunningham arrives at the hospital, he finds a feathered bead on Harriet's body. Back at the house, Lorena sleeps while Cunningham keeps watch and reads one of the many voodoo books there. As Cunningham begins to fall asleep, Thomas conjures a snake, which slithers all over Lorena's sleeping body until she awakens and faints. She rises in a trance and leaves the room. Cunningham wakes up to discover Lorena missing, and begins to search for her. Louette leads him to a passageway at the bottom of the elevator shaft and leaves. Cunningham enters a room filled with people dancing around Louette, now tied to a pole in the center of the room. There is a skull atop the pole. Thomas stabs Louette in the chest and pulls Lorena from the crowd to join in the ritual. Andrew finds a machete. As Lorena starts to come out of her trance, Thomas conjures a machete in his hand. As Thomas swings his machete, Cunningham grabs the skull on a stick, using it as a defense. Thomas splits it, and everyone screams. The lights go out and Cunningham finds he is the only one in the room. He goes to find Lorena, discovering her entranced in Pauline's bed. Thomas tells Cunningham that Lorena is his and will do anything he wants. As Thomas draws her toward him, Cunningham shakes her out of the trance. Thomas performs a voodoo ritual to bring Pauline from the grave. Pauline rises from the dead, coming into the room to kill Cunningham. Cunningham uses his knowledge from reading the", "title": "The House on Skull Mountain" }, { "docid": "23465209", "text": "\"The Dead Line\" is the last of four radio dramas released prior to the third series of Torchwood, a British science fiction television series which airs on the BBC. \"The Dead Line aired as BBC Radio 4's Afternoon Play on 3 July 2009, and features the series' regular cast. Plot In the early hours of the morning, Professor Stella Courtney receives a phone call from Ianto Jones. Confused as to why she is being called, Ianto reveals that Captain Jack Harkness needs Professor Courtney's help as he is dying. At St. Helen's hospital, Gwen Cooper leads Stella to where Jack's body lay. She remarks that Jack cannot die, to which Gwen remarks that what Jack is suffering through is worse than death itself. Upon seeing the body and meeting Ianto, Stella comes to the conclusion that Jack is more entranced than comatose; as his monitor is still relaying faint signs of activity. Stella is told that there are twenty other people in the hospital in the same condition as Jack, and it all started two nights ago when a man named Bob Roberts received a phone call in the middle of the night. Two nights prior, Bob Roberts and his wife Jan are awoken by a phone call. Bob answers the phone at the urging of his wife, only to find a strange ticking sound on the other end. Assuming it is a prank call, Bob chastises the caller; only to collapse on the floor. By the time the Torchwood team are alerted, seven more cases across Cardiff have been recorded. Gwen and Jack go to the Roberts' household to investigate and are met by a distraught Jan. While she attends to a phone call, Gwen and Jack examine the telephone used by Bob the previous night. Jack notes the vintage appearance of the phone while Gwen's scans reveal that there are faint signs of residual Rift energy. She concludes that if something alien is in the phone network, the whole of the city could be endangered. After promising Jan they'd do their best to return Bob to health, Gwen and Jack take the phone back to the Hub. Gwen phones Rhys at work, warning him against using phones and rejoins Ianto and Jack inside the Hub, where Jack has accumulated all the phones involved in the cases across Cardiff. Gwen notices that all the phones are the same and Jack remarks that they're from the seventies, recalling his life back then. He mentions a junior doctor he dated back in 1975, Stella Courtney, and that he still checks in to see if she's okay. Jack remarks that the phone number which called all the victims was the same and that the number is '2059'. Intrigued as to why a phone number from thirty years previous is ringing people in 2009, Jack phones the number but gets no reply. Suddenly, the retro phones all ring simultaneously; and ignoring the pleas of Ianto and Gwen, Jack answers. He collapses upon hearing", "title": "The Dead Line (radio drama)" }, { "docid": "5974420", "text": "Koodal Nagar is a 2007 Indian Tamil-language drama film directed by first-timer Seenu Ramasamy. The film stars Bharath in dual lead roles with Bhavana and Sandhya. The film opened in 5 April 2007 to negative reviews and was declared as below average at the box office. It is Bharath's only release in 2007 and the only film where he played a dual role in his career. Plot The story is set in a suburb of Madurai. Suryan and Chandran (both played by Bharath) are twins. Suryan, the elder of the two, is a soft-spoken guy who works at a local lending library and falls in love with Manimekalai (Bhavana), the daughter of Namasivayam (Mahadevan), the local politician-don and MLA. Chandran, the younger one, works as a mortuary assistant in the local government hospital, and he is one among Namasivayam's bad guys who are in charge of his election campaign. Chandran is romantically linked to a local girl named Tamizhselvi (Sandhya). Namasivayam learns of his daughter's love affair with Suryan and orders to some killers to kill Suryan. However, they accidentally attack Chandran, who succeeds in escaping from them. Later, Chandran visits Manimekalai and requests her to forget his brother. Nevertheless, she plans to elope with Suryan. They go away and wait for the bus. Once the bus arrives, Suryan approaches it, only to be struck by a knife in the head. Namasivayam's goons have gotten to know about the plan and have come to kill Suryan. They take Manimekalai and leave. Chandran is later shocked to learn that the dead body which came into the mortuary for preparation for burial is none other than his own brother. Enraged by this, he cycles to Namasivayam's house to kill him. But their gardener prevents him from doing anything brash. Chandran later goes to an out-of-town lodge where Namasivayam stays. His goons check Chandran thoroughly and let him go up to meet Namasivayam. He cries in front of Namasivayam saying their political opponents have killed his brother, mistaking for himself. Namasivayam pretends to call the police and a judge to sort things out. Chandran then leaves, and the next day, Manimekalai commits suicide by hanging herself from the ceiling fan in her bedroom. Namasivayam goes to the mortuary to pay respect to Suryan's body. Once he is in the \"body\", he gets up and kills Namasivayam and two of his goons. It is Chandran, who acted like the dead body of his brother, and Tamizhselvi helps him by closing the doors of the mortuary and not letting the other goons in. All the women who were flocked to the scene hit the other goons and chase them away. Later, it is seen that both Chandran and Tamizhselvi are arrested by the police. Cast Production Production work for the film began in late 2004, with Sandhya signed up to portray a role even before the release of her first film, Kadhal (2004). The first schedule was held at Madurai then shifted to Dindigul where", "title": "Koodal Nagar" }, { "docid": "73432515", "text": "\"Baby Proof\" is the fifth episode of the third season of the American comedy horror television series Ash vs Evil Dead, which serves as a continuation of the Evil Dead trilogy. It is the 25th overall episode of the series and was written by producer Luke Kalteaux, and directed by Daniel Nettheim. It originally aired on the premium channel Starz on March 25, 2018. The series is set 30 years after the events of the Evil Dead trilogy, and follows Ash Williams, who now works at the \"Value Stop\" as a simple stock boy. Having spent his life not doing anything remarkable since the events of the trilogy, Ash will have to renounce his routine existence and become a hero once more by taking up arms and facing the titular Evil Dead. In the episode, Ash discovers Ruby's spawn and tries to catch it. Meanwhile, Pablo tries to regain control of his body. According to Nielsen Media Research, the episode was seen by an estimated 0.179 million household viewers and gained a 0.10 ratings share among adults aged 18–49. The episode received positive reviews from critics, who praised the character development and action sequences, although some criticized the pacing. Plot At the attic, Ash (Bruce Campbell) discovers that the spawn is part of him, as it is resembling his face and chainsaw. Still jammed to the sink that cuffed Natalie (Samantha Young), Ash escapes from the attic and both hide through the house, with Ash planning to keep the baby alive to show as proof. They eventually release themselves, but find that the house has locked them inside. Back at Ash's trailer home, the possessed Pablo (Ray Santiago) finally enters and attacks Brandy (Arielle Carver-O'Neill), while Kelly (Dana DeLorenzo) tries to stop him. Brandy eventually stabs Pablo with the Kandarian Dagger, despite Kelly telling her not to do it. Pablo finds himself in a realm between life and death, where he reunites with El Brujo (Hemky Madera). El Brujo explains that his journey is not over and he will need to perform a ritual to return to life and succeed him as the new Brujo. After struggling with the performance, Pablo finishes it and resurrects, to Brandy's horror and Kelly's delight, who kisses him. Pablo states that he must find Ash, while Kelly promises revenge against Ruby (Lucy Lawless). While wandering, Natalie is caught by the spawn and is killed. Ash finds her beheaded corpse and continues hunting the spawn, who constantly attacks Ash while he cannot do anything to prevent it. The spawn then uses Natalie's headless body as suit to attack Ash, but he defeats him by trapping him with bowling bowls and finally taking him out of the house. He goes to the hardware store, where he meets with Brandy to show him the spawn. Ruby appears, just as the sheriff is also called at the scene. Ash opens the trunk, but finds that the spawn ate Natalie's corpse to free himself. Ruby and the sheriff chastise", "title": "Baby Proof (Ash vs Evil Dead)" }, { "docid": "31816392", "text": "\"As I Lay Dying\" is the 22nd episode and last of the second season of The CW television series, The Vampire Diaries and the 44th episode of the series overall. It originally aired on May 12, 2011. The episode was written by Turi Meyer, Al Septien and Michael Narducci and directed by John Behring. Plot Elena (Nina Dobrev) tries to deal with Jenna's (Sara Canning) death while Damon (Ian Somerhalder) asks for her forgiveness for feeding her his blood. He admits that he was wrong for doing this but Elena tells him that she needs her time. Damon returns to the Salvatore house and tries to kill himself but Stefan (Paul Wesley) stops him and locks him in the basement telling him that they will find a cure for the werewolf bite. Elijah (Daniel Gillies) demands from Klaus (Joseph Morgan) to keep his word and tell him where the bodies of their family are but Klaus is not willing to reveal him that info right away. In the meantime, Stefan calls Alaric (Matt Davis) to inform him that Damon is dying and he asks for his help. Then Stefan goes to Bonnie (Kat Graham) so they can ask the dead witches how they can cure Damon. Emily Bennett (Bianca Lawson) talks via Bonnie and tells Stefan that there is nothing he can do but through their conversation, Stefan can see that she is lying. Bonnie comes back and tells Stefan that she heard the witches saying Klaus' name. Elena, Caroline (Candice Accola) and Jeremy (Steven R. McQueen) try to have a normal day after everything that happened but Stefan comes to tell Elena about Damon and that he needs to go and find Klaus for the cure. In the meantime, Damon starts having illusions because of the werewolf bite. Stefan gets to Alaric's apartment to find Klaus and ask for his help. Klaus arrives with Elijah and while Elijah waits for Klaus to tell him where the rest of his family is, Klaus stabs him with the dagger to “reunite” him with the others. While Stefan tries to get the cure, Alaric keeps Damon company when Liz (Marguerite MacIntyre) arrives wanting to talk to Damon. Alaric warns her that it is not a good time to do so but she does not listen. Liz gets into the basement cell but Damon knocks her down and escapes searching for Elena. Alaric calls Jeremy, Bonnie and Caroline to find Damon before he finds Elena because he is in bad shape and he will hurt her. Jeremy finds him and the moment he tries to call Alaric, Liz comes and shoots him in her attempt to shoot Damon. Caroline and Bonnie arrive and try to help Jeremy but he is gone. Bonnie takes him to the cave and asks the dead witches to help her bring him back to life. The witches are angry with her and tell her that there will be consequences if she brings him back to life, but they", "title": "As I Lay Dying (The Vampire Diaries)" }, { "docid": "35505687", "text": "The Cineston controller is a control lever used in mass transit vehicles that combines the accelerator, brake and emergency controls into a single hand-operated device. The Cineston controller allows smooth operation of the vehicle, avoids the application of brake and throttle at the same time, and provides a clear visual indication of the current power setting. However, it is only suitable for vehicles that do not require steering control, as it is hand operated and thus interferes with the presence of any sort of steering wheel. The Cineston evolved from the rotary controllers used to control the power delivered to the electric traction motors in early mass transit systems. In early systems, notably those found in trams, the motor control was operated by the left hand, and the brakes by the right hand. Typically the brake lever also included a dead man's switch that released air pressure to activate the air brakes in an emergency. In the Cineston, motor control and brake controls are combined in a single lever's rotary motion, and the dead man's switch is implemented in a vertical motion. The lever extends to the right from a vertical control shaft. The lever has a neutral position with the lever extended directly to the left of the pivot. Braking is applied by progressively rotating the lever counter-clockwise, which, due to the position of the level relative to the pivot, is actuated by the operator moving their hand away to the body - to the \"front\". Forward traction is added by rotating the lever clockwise, or \"backward\". As the lever translates linear motion by the operator into rotary motion of the lever, the level is normally topped with a rotating knob at the right end. This allows the operator to slide the lever without twisting their wrist. The controller often also incorporates a fail-safe device (or dead man's switch) that requires constant downward pressure once the lever is rotated forward from the neutral position. Releasing the lever causes it to pop up on a spring, activating emergency braking. The Cineston controller is known to have design flaws. If the operator suffers from a debilitating attack, they may fall forward onto the control, allowing their body weight to keep the dead-man's switch in its safe position. Additionally, because the lever typically moves forward for traction, in the event of a sudden stop the operator's inertia can cause the lever to be forced forward, increasing traction. This was mentioned as a possibility in the 1977 Chicago Loop derailment, where the operator continued accelerating after a minor collision for unknown reasons. The Cineston's general operation is similar to the slide-controllers found in many modern mass transit systems. These controllers can be considered to be a re-implementation of the Cineston, as its fore-aft motion for acceleration and braking is the same. The change in layout is due to the introduction of new electronic controls, which do not require any mechanical connection between the operating lever and the electrical control systems. References \"Single Controller", "title": "Cineston controller" }, { "docid": "25398504", "text": "Anaphylaxis is a 2009 British art house feature film written and directed by Ayman Mokhtar and starring Guy Defferary, Katia Winter, Jenna Brook and Frazer Douglas. The story is about a doctor allergic to the human touch who finds his salvation in writings tattooed on the body of a dead poet. The film has a prosodic visual style, where shots follow certain durational rules to create a visual metrical rhythm (similar to that of poetry) for each scene in the film. The Making of Anaphylaxis Anaphylaxis was filmed in Winter 2007 at the historic Ealing Studios in London, England. The film was shot entirely on a green screen and on mute. The film's world (visual and auditory) was constructed in a post-production process spanning two years. Completed in Autumn 2009, the first public screening (World Premiere) was at the 33rd São Paulo International Film Festival (Official Selection) in October/November 2009. Plot A successful doctor, content with life, develops a strange illness – anaphylaxis, a severe allergy to human skin. He tries to defy his illness, but his life is turned upside down by his inability to touch people. He cannot function professionally, socially or intimately with his fiancée, whom he eventually loses. Then he discovers that dead bodies do not trigger his illness. He withdraws from life around him to work as a pathologist, dealing only with dead bodies. Life is calm until he encounters a woman’s dead body covered from neck to toe with writing. Intrigued, he starts to read. She was a poet. Imprisoned as a wife and mother, she suffered postnatal depression. Writing was her solace, but she sought escape so much it became a dangerous obsessive compulsive disorder. They locked her in a psychiatric hospital to recover. When released, she was told not to touch a pen again. But she did – to end it all by writing her story on her skin, dying as a result. Reading her story, the doctor discovers a profound bond between his experiences of solitude and those recounted by the poet in her tattooed words. The dead poet becomes the doctor’s only chance for a human connection as he reaches to her across the boundaries of death. Prosodic Cinema Style in Anaphylaxis As a narrative film, Anaphylaxis observes shot continuity, content and arrangement necessary for storytelling. However, the film also observes a set of strict shot-length rules to create a defined rhythm for each of its scenes. In a prosodic cinematic style, shots in Anaphylaxis come together according to defined shot-length rules in order to compose durational patterns (rhythmic units). The shots in these rhythmic units mimic in their length pattern some of the known metrical feet of poetry such as iamb (short-long), anapest (short-short-long) and trochee (long-short). As in poetry, this prosodic cinema style uses each Shot (Syllable) with the adjacent one(s) to form a small rhythmic unit called the Step (Foot), which is placed into a larger metric unit called the Run (Meter/Line), which is repeated to flow", "title": "Anaphylaxis (film)" }, { "docid": "17006149", "text": "The last offices, or laying out, is the procedures performed, usually by a nurse, to the body of a dead person shortly after death has been confirmed. They can vary between hospitals and between cultures. Name The word \"offices\" is related to the original Latin, in which officium means \"service, duty, business\". Hence these are the \"last duties\" carried out on the body. Aims To prepare the deceased for the mortuary (a funeral home or morgue), respecting their cultural beliefs To comply with legislation, in particular where the death of a patient requires the involvement of a Procurator Fiscal aka. Coroner To minimise any risk of cross-infection to relative, health care worker or persons who may need to handle the deceased Procedure Often the body of the deceased is left for up to an hour as a mark of respect. The procedure then typically includes the following steps, though they can vary according to an institution's preferred practices: Removal of jewellery unless requested otherwise by the deceased's family. If left on it must be documented in the patient's property list. Wounds, including pressure sores, should be covered with a waterproof dressing. Tube insertion points should be padded with gauze and tape to avoid purging. The patient is laid on their back with arms by their side (unless religious customs demand otherwise). Eyelids are closed. The jaw is often supported with a pillow or cervical collar. Dentures should be left in place, unless inappropriate. The bladder is drained by applying pressure on the lower abdomen. Orifices are blocked only if leakage of body fluid is evident. The body is then washed and dried, the mouth cleaned and the face shaved. An identification bracelet is put on the ankle detailing: the name of the patient; date of birth; date and time of death; name of ward (if patient died in hospital); patient identification number. The body is dressed in a simple garment or wrapped in a shroud. An identification label duplicating the above information is pinned to the wrap or shroud. A stretcher drawsheet is placed under the body to enable removal to a trolley for transportation to the morgue. These trolleys may often be disguised to resemble laundry carts if transportation has to pass through areas where members of the public may be present. Bathing the dead Washing the body of a dead person, sometimes as part of a religious ritual, is a customary funerary practice in several cultures. It was delegated to professionals in ancient Egypt and ancient Rome, and by well-off Victorians, and is now in Western societies, but was traditionally performed by \"family, friends, and neighbors.\" Judaism It is part of traditional Jewish burial rites. During the Inquisition in Spain, bodies undergoing preparation for burial were sometimes scrutinized for signs that they had been washed, since this was seen as a marker of secret Jewish practice (crypto-Judaism). Buddhism and Hinduism Bathing of the dead, known as yukan, is also found in Buddhism. It is also found in Hinduism.", "title": "Last offices" }, { "docid": "32541928", "text": "Dead Hooker in a Trunk is a 2009 Canadian horror film starring, written, produced and directed by twin sisters Jen Soska and Sylvia Soska, also known as the Soska sisters. The film is their feature film directorial debut and is distributed by IFC. The film features music by a variety of local Vancouver acts such as Craig James, Fake Shark - Real Zombie! and CJ Wallis. Plot Badass (Sylvia Soska), Geek (Jen Soska), and Badass's friend, Junkie (Rikki Gagne), pick up Goody Two-Shoes (CJ Wallis) from his church youth group. Afterwards, they plan to purchase drugs for Badass and Junkie. They discover the dead body of a sex worker in the trunk of the car. Badass and Junkie had been partying the previous night, and do not recall if they killed her. They decide to dispose of the body. They stay the night at a motel for free, after convincing the motel owner that the sex worker is alive and will exchange sex for the room. Geek calls the police to report her sister for multiple crimes, including having a dead body and drugs in her trunk, as well as an illegal firearm. The police arrive at the motel to question Badass, but offer to let her go in exchange for sexual favors. She knocks them out, handcuffs them together naked, and leaves. She and Geek argue about Geek calling the cops; Badass knocks her out with a punch to the face. They purchase drugs and use them to pass the time until it is dark enough to transport the body. A street gang assaults the dealer's house, targeting Junkie and the dealer. Badass hears the fighting from outside the house. She rescues Junkie and shoots everyone else inside. Geek tries to call the cops, but an unidentified figure knocks out her right eye with a baseball bat. The four friends escape in their car. They stop to look at a map. Junkie's arm, which was seriously injured in the fight, is torn off by a passing semi-truck. Goody Two-Shoes is able to sew it back on, and Geek's empty eye socket is covered with an ‘X’ of electrical tape. They try to bury the sex worker, but she sits up, alive. Badass instinctively hits her in the head with a shovel, killing her. Frightened and unnerved, they flee the scene. The next day, they are attacked by the sex worker's pimp. Badass kills him. Geek and Badass have another argument, and the four friends separate. Badass drops off Junkie at a hospital. Geek and Goody Two-Shoes take separate cabs, but both end up at the sex worker's house. They rescue the sex worker's dog, and learn about a serial killer who has been murdering sex workers. Retrieving Junkie from the hospital, they meet Badass at the sex worker's house. They see someone who matches the killer's description and they capture him. Geek and Badass torture him to death with power tools. The man they kill is not the serial", "title": "Dead Hooker in a Trunk" }, { "docid": "20789154", "text": "The Jaffna hospital massacre occurred on October 21 and 22, 1987, during the Sri Lankan Civil War, when troops of the Indian Peace Keeping Force entered the premises of the Jaffna Teaching Hospital in Jaffna, Sri Lanka, an island nation in South Asia, and killed between 60 and 70 patients and staff. The rebel Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam, the government of Sri Lanka, and independent observers such as the University Teachers for Human Rights and others have called it a massacre of civilians. However, the Indian Army maintains that the soldiers were fired upon and the Indian army officer in charge of the military operations, Lt. Gen. Depinder Singh, claimed that these civilians were killed in a crossfire between soldiers and rebels. Soldiers responsible for this massacre were not prosecuted by the Indian government. Background information During the 1950s, around 50% of civil service jobs in Ceylon were held by the Tamil minority, who comprised approximately 23% of the population. This was enabled partly because of the availability of western-style education provided by American missionaries and others in the Tamil-dominant Jaffna peninsula. The preponderance of Tamils over their proportionate share of the population was an issue for populist majority Sinhalese politicians, who came to political power by promising to elevate the Sinhalese people. The resultant discriminative measures such as the Sinhala Only Act and the policy of standardisation, as well as riots and pogroms that targeted the minority Sri Lankan Tamils, led to the formation of a number of rebel groups advocating independence for Sri Lankan Tamils. Following the 1983 Black July pogrom full-scale civil war began between the government and rebel groups. In 1987 the governments of Sri Lanka and India entered into an agreement and invited the Indian Army to be used as peacekeepers. Eventually the Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) came into conflict with one of the rebel groups, namely the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). By October 1987 Indian forces were trying to wrest control of the Jaffna peninsula from the LTTE. Attack The Jaffna hospital, also known as the Jaffna Teaching Hospital and Jaffna General Hospital, is the premier healthcare providing institution within the densely populated Jaffna peninsula, situated in the Northern Province of Sri Lanka. It had functioned throughout the period of civil war as a sanctuary that was out of bounds for combatants. After the deterioration of the relationship between the rebel LTTE and the IPKF, an attempt by the IPKF to capture Jaffna town was expected. Because of fears of a military operation by the Indian Army, some staff of the hospital had kept away from duty, but others had reported to work assuming that the Indian Army would be considerate because of assurances provided by the Indian Embassy in Colombo to a group of prominent Jaffna citizens that a major military action was not imminent. By October 21, 1987, which was Diwali, a high Hindu holiday, over 70 dead bodies had accumulated in the mortuary as a result of", "title": "Jaffna hospital massacre" }, { "docid": "41677529", "text": "Coretta Scott King, the widow of civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr., died on January 30, 2006, after arriving at a rehabilitation center in Rosarito, Baja California, Mexico. Her public funeral followed eight days later at the New Birth Missionary Baptist Church in her resident state of Georgia. In keeping with her personal wishes, King was buried next to her husband in a crypt on the grounds of the King Center for Nonviolent Social Change. King suffered strokes throughout the year 2005, and had different brushes with diseases, including a mild heart attack. The clinic where Ms. King received medical attention gained exposure surrounding her death. The media coverage was mostly negative, and ultimately the clinic was shut down. Prior to this, King had been released from Piedmont Hospital in Atlanta after regaining some of her speech. Nearly two weeks later, King signed into the clinic in Mexico where she would eventually die. She was seventy-eight years old. Death Coretta Scott King died late on the evening of January 30, 2006 at the rehabilitation center in Rosarito Beach, Mexico, in the Oasis Hospital where she was undergoing holistic therapy for her stroke and advanced stage ovarian cancer. The main cause of her death is believed to be respiratory failure due to complications from ovarian cancer. The clinic at which she died was called the Hospital Santa Monica, but was licensed as Clinica Santo Tomas. Newspaper reports indicated that it was not legally licensed to \"perform surgery, take X-rays, perform laboratory work or run an internal pharmacy, all of which it was doing.\" It was also founded, owned, and operated by San Diego resident and highly controversial alternative medicine figure Kurt Donsbach. Days after King's death, the Baja California, Mexico, state medical commissioner, Francisco Vera, shut down the clinic. On February 1, 2006, King's body was flown from Mexico to Atlanta. Lying in state On February 4, 2006, King's body was carried by a horse-drawn carriage to Georgia State Capitol, where she was laid out in honor. She was the first African-American and female to do so. Over 16,000 mourners paid their respects to King as they filed past her casket. Funeral Over 14,000 people gathered for Coretta Scott King's eight-hour funeral at the New Birth Missionary Baptist Church in Lithonia, Georgia, on February 7, 2006, where daughter Bernice King, who is an elder at the church, eulogized her mother. The megachurch, whose sanctuary seats 10,000, was better able to handle the expected massive crowds than Ebenezer Baptist Church, of which King was a member since the early 1960s and which was the site of her husband's funeral in 1968. U.S. Presidents George W. Bush, Bill Clinton, George H. W. Bush, Jimmy Carter, and their wives attended, with the exception of former First Lady Barbara Bush, who had a previous engagement. The Ford family was absent due to the illness of President Ford (who himself died later that year). George W. Bush canceled a previous engagement to speak about the", "title": "Death and funeral of Coretta Scott King" }, { "docid": "3861321", "text": "Dead Friend (; \"The Ghost\") is a 2004 South Korean horror film. It is one of a number of South Korean horror films set in high school; the trend began with 1998's Whispering Corridors. Plot Three high school girls are bored and decide to conduct a séance with a bunshinsaba - a traditional Korean ouija board. As the spirit is called by Eun-jung (Lee Yoon-ji), her sister, Eun-seo (Jeon Hye-bin), scolds the girls. Eun-jung jokingly wishes that the ghost had taken Eun-seo away and that if they do not send the ghost away, it will kill them. Eun-seo is then killed by a ghostly water presence. The amnesiac Min Ji-won (Kim Ha-neul), who is an expert swimmer, begins to have nightmares of a ghost from her forgotten past, which seems to be connected to water. She is confronted by an estranged friend, Yu-jung, who tells her that because of Ji-won, \"Su-in\" is coming for them. Yu-jung is soon found dead. Ji-won slowly remembers that she used to lead an elitist clique back in high school which consisted of herself, Eun-seo, Yu-jung, and Mi-kyung. Before she became part of the clique, Ji-won was friends with Su-in (Nam Sang-mi), but her ego turned her to regard the introverted Su-in as a laughingstock. Ji-won visits her last remaining clique member, Mi-kyung, who is confined to a mental hospital, but the latter lashes out at her. Ji-won learns from Su-in's mother that the event that led to her amnesia was a trip to a forest with the girls, from which Su-in never came back. Mi-kyung is drowned by the ghost. Heading to a spring in the forest, Ji-won finally remembers the event: Ji-won asks Su-in if she can swim, then pushes her into the spring. Su-in comes up and the girls laugh. The three girls then push Ji-won in as a joke, but upon learning that she can't swim, Su-in dived to save her. While Ji-won was saved, Su-in got stuck in the riverbed and drowned. The other girls just watch as this happens. Ji-won alerts the authorities and informs Su-in's grieving mother. Ji-won returns to her mother, only to realize the horrifying truth: Ji-won and Su-in had swapped bodies during their struggle to get out of the spring. \"Ji-won\" did not lose her memories because she was never Ji-won in the first place; she is actually Su-in. Ji-won's spirit has been terrorizing her and the clique to gain her body back, and now she inhabits her mother. Her mother vomits water and collapses. Ji-won crawls out but Su-in cuts her wrist so Ji-won can't take her. Ji-won's boyfriend, Jun-ho, comes to save them and they are rushed to the hospital. Su-in is later seen walking through the fish market where her mother, who believes her daughter has died, works. She leaves after hesitating, while her mother looks ominously at her with Ji-won's tell-tale smirk, implying that Ji-won has possessed Su-in's mother. Cast Kim Ha-neul as Min Ji-won Nam Sang-mi as Su-in Ryu Jin", "title": "Dead Friend" }, { "docid": "541223", "text": "Dead on arrival (DOA), also dead in the field, brought in dead (BID), or dead right there (DRT) are terms which indicate that a patient was found to be already clinically dead upon the arrival of professional medical assistance, often in the form of first responders such as emergency medical technicians, paramedics, firefighters, or police. In some jurisdictions, first responders must consult verbally with a physician before officially pronouncing a patient deceased, but once cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is initiated, it must be continued until a physician can pronounce the patient dead. Dead on arrival can also mean that a person is said by a doctor to be dead upon their arrival at a hospital, emergency room, clinic, or ward. A person can be pronounced dead on arrival if cardiopulmonary resuscitation or mouth-to-mouth resuscitation is found to be futile. Medical DOA When presented with a patient, medical professionals are required to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) unless specific conditions are met that allow them to pronounce the patient as deceased. In most places, these are examples of such criteria: Injuries not compatible with life. These include but are not necessarily limited to decapitation, catastrophic brain trauma, incineration, severing of the body, or injuries that do not permit effective administration of CPR. If a patient has sustained such injuries, it should be intuitively obvious that the patient is non-viable. Rigor mortis, indicating that the patient has been dead for at least a few hours. Rigor mortis can sometimes be difficult to determine, so it is often reported along with other determining factors. Obvious decomposition Livor mortis (lividity), indicating that the body has been pulseless and in the same position long enough for blood to sink and collect within the body, creating purplish discolorations at the lowest points of the body (with respect to gravity) Stillbirth. If it can be determined without a doubt that an infant died prior to birth, as indicated by skin blisters, an unusually soft head, and an extremely offensive odor, resuscitation should not be attempted. If there is even the slightest hope that the infant is viable, CPR should be initiated; some jurisdictions maintain that life-saving efforts should be attempted on all infants to assure parents that all possible actions were performed to save their child, futile as the medical professionals may have known them to be. Identification of valid do not resuscitate orders This list may not be a comprehensive picture of medical practice in all jurisdictions or conditions. For example, it may not represent the standard of care for patients with terminal diseases such as advanced cancer. In addition, jurisdictions such as Texas permit withdrawal of medical care from patients who are deemed unlikely to recover. Regardless of the patient, a pronouncement of death must always be made with absolute certainty and only after it has been determined that the patient is not a candidate for resuscitation. This type of decision is rather sensitive and can be difficult to make. Legal definitions of death vary from place", "title": "Dead on arrival" }, { "docid": "71517117", "text": "Cadaver (transl. Corpse) is a 2022 Indian Tamil-language police procedural thriller film directed by Anoop Panicker and written by Abhilash Pillai. The film was produced under Amala Paul Productions banner. The film stars Amala Paul with Riythvika, Munishkanth, Thrigun, Harish Uthaman and Athulya Ravi in supporting roles. The film's music is composed by Ranjin Raj with cinematography handled by Aravind Singh and editing done by San Lokesh. The film was released in Disney+ Hotstar on 12 August 2022. Plot The film starts off with a mystery man abducting and cruelly murdering a chief heart surgeon Salim Rahman, of a reputed JC hospital in the city. As the case proceeds, we are introduced to Bhadra Thangavel, an expert pathologist, who aids the city's ACP Vishal in handling the case. Alongside, we also witness a prisoner, Vetri in prison, who had already vowed to kill the same surgeon by drawing his portrait on the walls of his cell. As this news leaks out, the commissioner and the pathologist are left with no choice, but to interrogate Vetri. Despite being in captivity, Vetri manages to kill his second target just as he vowed. This shocks the entire city and they realise someone is helping him from the outside. Later, the film revolves around Vetri and his late wife Angel and their connection to the case. Angel was actually pregnant at the time of her death and the autopsy done was by none other than Salim Rahman. Bhadra raises a question with Vishal that why does a heart surgeon need to conduct the autopsy of Angel, as her cause of death was due to blood loss from her head. That is when they find out that something is fishy with the autopsy. Angel's autopsy has never been done and her heart is missing. Vishal is transferred to another city and Bhadra thinking over the case. It is then revealed that Bhadra met Angel before on a bus. She was returning back from a village to Vetri. Angel shows a locket to Bhadra in which she wants to keep miniature photos of her marriage with Vetri and their unborn child. After some days, Angel returns from hospital and meets with an accident due to chain snatching. She was severely injured. Vetri immediately takes her to a hospital where Salim Rahman works. It is shown that the baby was taken out from her womb and Salim Rahman removed her heart for transplantation into a wealthy patient's body. A hospital nurse Priya takes away the baby for disposal only to find it crying suddenly. She takes the baby to her home and takes care of her. Vetri thinking his wife and child are dead mourns for them. After a few days Bhadra finds Angel's body while teaching students and finds a worker over there suspicious as he stares at Angel with grief. She questions him and finds out that he is Priya's father. He tells Bhadra about what had happened. She asks Priya's help in exposing the", "title": "Cadaver (2022 film)" }, { "docid": "2024736", "text": "\"The Dark Age\" is episode eight of season two of Buffy the Vampire Slayer. The episode aired on The WB on November 10, 1997. It was written by executive story editors Rob Des Hotel and Dean Batali and was directed by Bruce Seth Green. The narrative follows Giles, whose friend has died, prompting the Scooby Gang to unravel his mysterious past; meanwhile, Buffy crashes into Ethan Rayne again. Plot A man is hurriedly making his way through the school grounds trying to find Giles, when he is approached by a decomposing woman, \"Dierdre\". As Giles is distracted by Buffy playing loud music in the library while doing calisthenics, he does not hear the man's cries for help at the door as the corpse strangles him, before falling to the ground and dissolving. The next day, Giles tells Buffy to meet him later at the hospital where there will be a blood delivery, which attracts vampires. When Giles gets back to the library, a detective is waiting for him who informs Giles that there was a homicide on campus and the dead man had Giles' address on him. Giles identifies the body as an old friend from London, Philip Henry. The body has a tattoo, which Giles claims he does not recognize. Shaken, Giles begins drinking in his grief and does not meet Buffy at the hospital, and she battles the doctor-dressed vampires alone until Angel shows up. She goes to check on Giles, but he shuts the door on her and calls another friend in London and finds out that his other friend Dierdre Page is dead too. Out of sight, he rolls up his sleeves, revealing that he has the same tattoo as Philip. Meanwhile, Philip comes back to life in the morgue, his eyes flashing, and escapes. On Saturday, Cordelia finally tells Buffy about the homicide detective's visit. In the library, Buffy finds Giles' former friend Ethan Rayne, the costume shop owner who had caused chaos on Halloween. As she calls Giles, Ethan mentions the \"Mark of Eyghon\". Giles says she is in danger, and the dead Philip enters. A panicked Giles shows up and, after a scuffle which leaves Jenny unconscious, Philip dissolves. When Jenny comes to, she seems normal but her eyes flash. Willow discovers the \"Mark of Eyghon\" in a book: the demon Eyghon has the ability to possess the body of a dead or unconscious host. They figure out that the demon has jumped from Philip's body to Jenny's. Possessed, Jenny tries to seduce Giles at his apartment. When Buffy comes to the rescue, Jenny jumps out the window. Giles explains to Buffy that he ran with a bad crowd when he was young, and they used the demon Eyghon as a temporary high – directing him in and out of each other's bodies. But one friend died, then Dierdre, and now it seems the rest of the group is being killed. Buffy goes to the deserted costume shop to try to defend Ethan", "title": "The Dark Age (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)" }, { "docid": "2916428", "text": "Day of the Dead 2: Contagium is a 2005 horror film written by Ana Clavell and directed by Clavell and James Dudelson, starring Justin Ipock, Laurie Maria Baranyay and John F. Henry III. It was unofficially marketed as a prequel and sequel to 1985's Day of the Dead. The film was released direct-to-video in the United States on . Plot In 1968, an infected Soviet man, Rubinsky, is being operated on at a military hospital when soldiers arrive and begin to shoot all of those who are in the building. One of the hospital students steals a strange vial, enclosing it in his thermos. He is later shot by the soldiers as he attempts to escape through the woods and the thermos is dropped. The soldiers in the hospital continue to kill any one that has been in contact with the infected man. The zombies are killed when explosives are detonated by sharpshooters outside the hospital. Thirty-seven years later, a group of patients at the same hospital, consisting of Boris, Jackie, Isaac, Sam, and their doctor, Donwynn, uncover a strange thermos buried in the soil in the yard of a hospital. Sam attempts to open it, but they are unable due to it being rusted shut. Donwynn entrusts Sam with keeping it safe, but Isaac feels that something bad will happen if the thermos is opened. While Sam and Boris are distracted with watching a movie, Jackie sneaks away with the thermos and runs to the bathroom to open it. Sam discovers that Jackie stole the thermos, and with Boris, Isaac, and Emma, they go to the bathroom to talk him out of opening it. Jackie opens the thermos, and a strange object falls from it, unknowingly releasing a virus, infecting the entire group. Doctor Heller talks to Donwynn about his patients’ behavior and claims that Jackie and the other patients are breaking the rules of the hospital. That night, those who were in the bathroom begin to show signs of sickness. Donwynn contacts a friend about the item that was in the thermos. The next day, Donwynn awakes to discover Sam having a seizure and the rest discover that they all have skin on their bodies that is dead and peeling. Emma has tests run on her, and she is told that she is pregnant. Emma attacks Marshall when he keeps bothering her about the results of her test, and she bites him on the arm, infecting him. Sam, Jackie and Boris begin to show advanced signs of infection, including rotting flesh, varicose veins, and coughing up blood. Marshall is quarantined because of the infection from the bite. Dr. Heller puts the hospital under a full quarantine and gives the doctors the right to bear arms, along with orders to shoot anyone from Dorm 1 in the head that attacks them. Donwynn receives a video from his friend who says not to open the thermos because it contains a deadly virus that mutates human DNA. Donwynn informs Sam that", "title": "Day of the Dead 2: Contagium" }, { "docid": "31816222", "text": "\"The Night of the Comet\" is the second episode of the first season of The CW television series, The Vampire Diaries, and the series second episode overall. It originally aired on Thursday, September 17, 2009. The episode was written by Kevin Williamson and Julie Plec and directed by Marcos Siega. The title references the 1984 cult film Night of the Comet. Plot The episode starts with a couple camping in the woods, when the man gets out of the tent to get something from the car someone attacks him. The woman gets out and finds him dead, and she is killed soon after. Vicki (Kayla Ewell) is still at the hospital after the vampire attack. Jeremy (Steven R. McQueen) visits her to see how she is doing, however she rebuffs him due to her feelings for Tyler (Michael Trevino) who has started showing more interest in her. Jenna (Sara Canning) has a meeting at the school with Mr. Tanner (Benjamin Ayres) about Jeremy and he informs her that Jeremy is missing many classes because of the drug and alcohol abuse, as well as insulting her capability in raising two teenagers. Jenna tries later to talk some sense to Jeremy, but fails. Elena (Nina Dobrev) and Matt (Zach Roerig) talk about Vicki and Matt tells her that Vicki said it was a vampire, but he does not believe her story. Stefan (Paul Wesley) who is sat close to them overhears their conversation and immediately worries that Vicki will expose vampires. He leaves for the hospital so he can compel her to forget and make her think that it was an animal who attacked her. Matt notices Stefan at the hospital and gets suspicious but Stefan narrowly escapes out of the window before Matt can catch him. Vicki says she was attacked by an animal but she still has nightmares where she sees Damon's (Ian Somerhalder) face. Bonnie (Kat Graham) and Caroline (Candice Accola) discuss the recent events and Caroline says that she met a mysterious guy, who turns out to be Damon, the other day but she cannot find him anywhere. Elena walks in and Caroline convinces her to move forward and give Stefan a chance, something she decides to do right away and she leaves for Stefan's house. Elena gets to the house, but Stefan is not there and she runs into Damon who introduces himself. He also seizes the opportunity to tell Elena about Stefan's ex, Katherine, and how she broke Stefan's heart. Stefan walks in and asks Elena to leave when Damon says that he will bring out the family album where there are also photos of Katherine. Vicki is out of the hospital and when she gets into the bar-restaurant, she runs into Damon, who she vaguely remembers. Damon follows her and attacks her once again. When Jeremy cannot find her anywhere, they all start looking for her, including Stefan, who hears her screaming from afar. Damon keeps her at the roof of a building threatening to", "title": "The Night of the Comet" }, { "docid": "35912502", "text": "Chaarulatha (also spelled as Charulatha) is a 2012 Indian horror film made in Kannada and Tamil. The film was directed by Pon Kumaran, a former associate to K. Bhagyaraj and K. S. Ravikumar, and features Priyamani in a dual role and Skanda Ashok in a male lead with an ensemble supporting cast. The film was an adaptation of the Thai horror film Alone which itself was based on My Brothers Keeper an episode of Tale From The Crypt season 2. Sundar C Babu composed the film's music. The film’s story is about conjoined twins. Produced by Global One Studios and distributed by Hansraj Saxena's Sax Pictures. Charulatha released on 21 September 2012 with dubbed Malayalam and Telugu versions with the same title. Plot The story takes it off showing the conjoined twins Charu and Latha. Charu and Latha lived in Vizag as one body and soul until Ravi comes into their lives. Both sisters fall in love with him, however, Ravi falls in love with Charu, causing a rift between her and Latha. Finally, their mother plans to separate their attached bodies through surgery. The surgery, however, results in Latha’s accidental death. Mysterious events begin to unfold as Latha begins to haunt Charu. Several twists take place in line as the story unfolds. She also sees the dead twin playing the violin they used to play in the past and the twin starts to come forward to reach her and disappears as Ravi touches Charu. Later, in the hospital, Ravi visits the twins' mother where she tries to tell Ravi something but is unable to do so. As the problems began to go down, Ravi again visits the twins' mother and she tells him something at the graveyard. Ravi goes to the cemetery, only to find that the real person who died was Charu and that Latha has been impersonating Charu. Flashbacks reveal that after falling in love with Charu, Ravi comes to visit Charu finally as he was leaving town which makes Latha angry. Latha refuses to follow Charu to the balcony to see Ravi for the last time. Ravi leaves after giving a paper to the guard containing a picture of Charu, delighting Charu but leaves Latha outraged. Latha tears the picture angrily and this creates problem between the twins. Latha fights with Charu on the stairs and both of them fall from the stairs. In this, Charu dies and Latha calls her mother to help. After this, both of them are separated. After fighting with Ravi, Latha ties him up to a chair and tells him the truth that she also loved him. Charu’s spirit burns the house in anger and Latha stays inside, refusing to leave unless Ravi tells that he too loves her. Latha's mother scolds and begs Ravi to save her only daughter. Ravi sacrifices his love to save Latha, and reciprocate’s the latter’s feelings. The film ends with Ravi and Latha keeping flowers for Charu at her grave, as Ravi watched Charu’s soul", "title": "Chaarulatha" }, { "docid": "2260022", "text": "Maniac Cop III: Badge of Silence is a 1992 American action slasher film written by Larry Cohen and directed by William Lustig. It is the third and final installment in the Maniac Cop film series. Maniac Cop III: Badge of Silence was released in the United States on videocassette on July 7, 1993 after a December 1992 airing on HBO. While receiving negative reviews upon release, it received retrospective critical praise in later years. Plot A priest practicing the Voodoo arts resurrects Matt Cordell, who takes his badge and comes back to life to do his bidding. Meanwhile, a pair of cameramen who are hoping to make it big come across a convenience store robbery, where a police officer named Katie Sullivan intervenes in a hostage situation; she manages to wound the suspect but realizes that the clerk is his girlfriend, and she had intentionally let him in to rob the store. There is a crossfire, and while Katie is severely wounded, she ends up killing the clerk in return. Though rushed to the hospital, Katie is declared comatose and brain dead, much to the chagrin of investigating officer Sean McKinney. McKinney catches the report of Katie using excessive force in a hostage situation, which portrays the clerk as an innocent victim and threatens to free the badly injured Frank Jessup. Meanwhile, stalking Katie's progress, Cordell goes to the hospital to watch her (killing a heckler in the process). He kills one of her supervising physicians with defibrillator paddles, then murders Katie's physician with X-ray radiation. The two reporters who had framed Katie are also slain by Cordell afterwards. Meanwhile, McKinney and a physician, Susan, are investigating the murders and the strange behavior experienced by the comatose Katie. Their investigations lead them to Houngan, who admits that he had brought Cordell back from the dead, and he is interested in Katie, who is on the verge of death. At gunpoint, Cordell forces Houngan to attempt the resurrection on her, but he is unable to do so, stating her spirit is refusing to return from the dead to be with him. Cordell kills Houngan, and both he and Katie are set on fire in the process; she is immolated. As they escape, Susan and McKinney are chased by Cordell, who survived the fire while remaining ablaze. He chases them in a beat-up police car while they ride in an ambulance. They manage to throw an oxygen tank into the burning car before both crash. However, before Cordell can back up on the other disabled vehicle, the canister goes off, blowing up the car. Later, the charred corpse of Katie is rolled into a morgue, next to the burned remains of Cordell. While the lone coroner, who rolled Katie into the morgue, is busy with his computer, the camera pans to the bodies, which shows Cordell's hand moving over to hold Katie's hand. The coroner soon notices and it cuts to black. Cast Robert Z'Dar as Officer Matt Cordell / The Maniac", "title": "Maniac Cop III: Badge of Silence" } ]	[ "A morgue or mortuary" ]
train_45917	who did the original all i want for christmas	[ { "docid": "65678320", "text": "A Tori Kelly Christmas is the first Christmas album and the fourth studio album, by American singer Tori Kelly. It was released on October 30, 2020, through Schoolboy and Capitol Records. It is Kelly's first Christmas album, and was executively produced by Kelly, Babyface, and Scooter Braun. The album contains cover versions of Christmas standards such as \"All I Want for Christmas is You\" and \"Let It Snow! Let It Snow! Let It Snow!\" alongside original songs which incorporate R&B elements. A Tori Kelly Christmas received generally positive reviews from music critics, who praised the album's musical style and Kelly's vocals, comparing the latter to Mariah Carey. However, some critics felt the original songs did not reach the same standard as Kelly's covers. The album debuted at number 17 on the Billboard Top Holiday albums and received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Traditional Pop Vocal Album in 2021. Background and release In mid-2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic, Kelly released her third extended play, Solitude. Kelly later announced that she was working on a Christmas album. On social media, Kelly noted that she has always wanted to release a Christmas album. In a press conference, it was announced the album would \"include two original songs, in addition to yuletide favorites\". The album was co-produced by Babyface and on working with him, Kelly stated that, I'm so grateful to Babyface for helping me create an album that I am so proud of [...] I still can't believe that I got to work with such a legend on my first-ever Christmas album. He really brought my vision to life and made every song so special. Before the release of the album, Kelly hosted a zoom listening party. A Tori Kelly Christmas was released on October 30. Composition and production Kelly cited Ella Fitzgerald and Crystal Lewis as influences while creating the album. Kelly noted on her zoom listening party that it was her \"first experience writing a few songs completely virtually\". The Knockturnal writer, Sabine West, attended the zoom and noted that, \"When deciding on songs to include on the album, [Kelly] stuck close to her roots. Many of the songs are family favorites that she grew up singing with her family around the holidays\". Overall, the album consists of traditional Christmas songs along with two original songs. Music and content The album begins with a cover of \"Silent Night\" which garnered comparisons to Mariah Carey (who also began her first Christmas album with the same song), and acts as a \"four-minute gospel showcase\". Some critics noted its difference from the original which \"is extremely slow and mellow\". Kelly, however, \"proudly utilizes her insane vocal cords to hit some to-die-for notes within the chorus\". This is followed by \"25th\", the first of her two original songs. The song is \"replete with jingle bells and plays off of the idea that all a person wants on Christmas is the one they love—not exactly revolutionary but still fun\". This is followed by a cover", "title": "A Tori Kelly Christmas" }, { "docid": "20819798", "text": "\"All I Want for Christmas Is You\" is a Christmas song recorded by American novelty act Vince Vance & the Valiants. Initially released as a single in 1989, Vince Vance's version of the song has charted several times on the Billboard country singles charts. It is one of two records to chart for Vince Vance & the Valiants, the other being \"Bomb Iran\". Content \"All I Want for Christmas Is You\" is a mid-tempo in compound duple meter, featuring lead vocals from Lisa Burgess Stewart, who now records under the name Lisa Layne. In it, the singer explains that she does not want Christmas decorations nor gifts from Santa Claus. Instead, all she wants for Christmas is her lover. The melody used in the song is based on Bobby Vinton's number 9 pop hit single from early 1964, \"My Heart Belongs to Only You\", with a few minor alterations. Reception In his review of the album All I Want for Christmas Is You, AllMusic reviewer Jason Birchmeier referred to the song as a \"holiday favorite within the country community during the '90s\" but noted that the rest of the album was not \"remotely worth bothering with.\" Having received frequent rotation on country radio and adult contemporary radio during the Christmas season since its 1993 re-release, \"All I Want for Christmas Is You\" is also the most-played country music Christmas song. The song was also made into a music video directed by Steve Dunning for Aries Productions, located in Arlington, Texas. Lawsuit On June 3, 2022, Andy Stone, who portrayed Vince Vance, filed a copyright lawsuit against Mariah Carey, alleging that she \"exploited\" and made \"undeserved profits\" off his song with her \"All I Want for Christmas Is You\", which was published five years after his. Despite sharing the same title, the two songs were musically different. On November 2, of the same year, the lawsuit was dropped without prejudice; Stone re-filed the lawsuit in November 2023. Chart performance The song first charted in early 1994 based on airplay from the 1993 Christmas season, peaking at number 55 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts on the chart week of January 8, 1994. It re-entered in December 1994, reaching a new peak of number 52 on the chart week of January 7, 1995. The song re-entered the country charts again every January afterward, each time peaking higher than the last; it did not appear in the 1998-1999 holiday season but again charted for the final time in January 2000, reaching its peak on that chart of 31. Although it never charted on the country charts again, it peaked at number 23 on the Hot 100 Recurrent Airplay chart in 2002 (despite having never entered or bubbled under the Billboard Hot 100 or Hot 100 Airplay charts), and has re-appeared on the Hot Country Recurrents chart every Christmas since late 2000/early 2001. Kelly Clarkson version In 2020, Kelly Clarkson released a version of the song as", "title": "All I Want for Christmas Is You (Vince Vance & the Valiants song)" }, { "docid": "33265156", "text": "Under the Mistletoe is the first Christmas album and second studio album by Canadian singer Justin Bieber, released on November 1, 2011, by RBMG/Island Def Jam Music Group. The album features fifteen tracks, including seven original songs co-written by Bieber, along with cover versions of Christmas carols and standards. Fellow artists Usher, Boyz II Men, Mariah Carey, Busta Rhymes, and the Band Perry all make guest appearances on the album. The album debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 chart and the Billboard Top Holiday Albums chart, selling 210,000 copies in its first week, becoming the first Christmas album by a male artist to debut at number one. This was Bieber's third number-one album on the Billboard 200, following Never Say Never: The Remixes earlier in the year. With this album he became the first artist to earn three number one albums on the chart before their 18th birthday. The album is currently certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), for sales of over two million units. Background On August 25, 2011, Bieber announced that he would be releasing his first Christmas album and second studio album later in 2011. Manager Scooter Braun and vocal producer Kuk Harrell confirmed a week later that Bieber had collaborated with Sean Kingston and Taylor Swift, and worked with producers The Messengers. Later that month, it was announced that Boyz II Men, Usher, and The Band Perry were also collaborating with Bieber on the album. On September 30, 2011, Bieber released the official album cover and album name on Facebook. On October 4, 2011, Mariah Carey revealed that she and Bieber recorded her song \"All I Want for Christmas Is You\" as a duet for the new album. Bieber's version of the song \"Santa Claus Is Coming To Town\" from the motion picture Arthur Christmas, samples \"I Want You Back\" and \"ABC\" by the Jackson 5. Singles The album's first single \"Mistletoe\", was written and produced with The Messengers, and it was released on October 17, 2011. The album's second single, \"All I Want for Christmas Is You (SuperFestive!)\", was released as a radio airplay only single in Italy on December 9, 2011. Critical reception Under the Mistletoe was met with generally mixed reviews. At Metacritic, the album received an average score of 54, based on four critical reviews. AllMusic also assessed the critical consensus giving the album three stars. Andy Kellman of AllMusic credited Bieber \"for the effort he put in\" and for not \"sleepwalking\" through the Christmas album like \"most artists,\" although he did feel that Bieber \"definitely sounds more enthused by the original songs\" while calling Bieber's \"Drummer Boy\" goofy but complimenting his version of \"Santa Claus Is Coming To Town.\" Writing for Entertainment Weekly, Adam Markovitz also felt that the original songs were much better than the covers, calling them \"sleigh-ride-smooth R&B jangles\" while writing that \"the classics bring no cheer.\" Jason Scott of The Seattle Post-Intelligencer gave the album a positive review, writing", "title": "Under the Mistletoe" }, { "docid": "55490774", "text": "Finally It's Christmas is the second Christmas album by American pop rock group Hanson. The band wrote and produced the album with Mark Hudson, who also collaborated on the band's first Christmas release, Snowed In (1997). Several of the band's children also make appearances in some songs. The album was released on October 27, 2017. Background Taylor Hanson on why it took so long to do another Christmas album: Composition The album features a mix of classic Christmas covers from Elvis Presley's \"Blue Christmas\" to Mariah Carey's \"All I Want for Christmas Is You\" (renamed \"All I Want for Christmas\") as well as a mash up of \"Joy to the World\" and \"Go Tell It on the Mountain\" and four original songs. Track listing \"Finally It's Christmas\" – 3:45 \"Wonderful Christmas Time\" – 3:12 \"Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer\" – 0:28 \"'Til New Year's Night\" – 3:24 \"Please Come Home\" – 3:27 \"Someday at Christmas\" – 2:48 \"Joy to the Mountain\" – 2:40 \"Jingle Bells\" – 0:20 \"Happy Christmas\" – 1:37 \"All I Want for Christmas\" – 3:29 \"Winter Wonderland\" – 2:39 \"Blue Christmas\" – 2:58 \"Peace on Earth\" – 3:27 \"Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas\" – 2:42 Track listing adapted from the iTunes Store. Charts References 2017 Christmas albums Christmas albums by American artists Hanson (band) albums", "title": "Finally It's Christmas" }, { "docid": "5094642", "text": "\"The Chipmunk Song (Christmas Don't Be Late)\" is a novelty Christmas song written by Ross Bagdasarian (under the stage name of David Seville) in 1958. Bagdasarian sang and recorded the song, varying the tape speeds to produce high-pitched \"chipmunk\" voices, with the vocals credited to Alvin and the Chipmunks, Seville's cartoon virtual band. The song won three Grammy Awards in 1958, for Best Comedy Performance, Best Children's Recording, and Best Engineered Record (non-classical); it was also nominated for Record of the Year. Commercial performance The song was very successful, reaching No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 Pop Singles chart, becoming The Chipmunks' first (and only), as well as David Seville's second and final, No. 1 single. It had the distinction of being the only Christmas record to reach No. 1 on the same chart until Mariah Carey’s \"All I Want for Christmas Is You\" did so 61 years later in 2019. The single sold 4.5 million copies in seven weeks, according to Ross Bagdasarian Jr. It eventually sold 12 million copies. Before the song's success, \"The Chipmunk Song\" was featured on American Bandstands \"Rate-A-Record\" segment and received the lowest possible rating of 35 across the board. Between 1958 and 1962, the single re-entered the Hot 100 several times, peaking at No. 41 in 1958, No. 45 in 1960, and No. 39 in 1962. (Starting in 1963, Billboard would list recurrent Christmas songs on a separate chart.) The song charted on the Hot Digital Songs for the first time in 2005, peaking at No. 35. With the release and popularity of the live-action film Alvin and the Chipmunks in 2007, \"The Chipmunk Song\" re-entered the Billboard Hot 100 at No. 70. At the same time, a remixed version of the song that appears on the Chipmunks' 2007 album (and soundtrack to the film) Alvin and the Chipmunks: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack, peaked at No. 66 and was credited as \"The Chipmunk Song (Christmas Don't Be Late) (2007 Version)\". As of December 25, 2011, Nielsen SoundScan estimated total sales of two versions of the digital track by The Chipmunks at 867,000 downloads, placing it third on the list of all-time best-selling Christmas/holiday digital singles in SoundScan history (behind Mariah Carey's 1994 hit single \"All I Want for Christmas Is You\" and Trans-Siberian Orchestra's 1996 track \"Christmas Eve/Sarajevo 12/24\"). Track listing Original 1958 release 1959 reissue 1961 reissue Adaptation in other media The song was adapted into a musical segment in 1961 for The Alvin Show. The segment depicts Alvin sifting through various presents to find a hula hoop, even as he reluctantly sings along with the other Chipmunks. At the end of the song, Seville rewards Simon and Theodore with toy planes and Alvin with his hula hoop. The subsequent argument about singing the song again ends abruptly with their Christmas tree falling over, and Seville and the Chipmunks emerge from the mess to wish the viewers a merry Christmas. This segment was released on DVD and Blu-Ray in March 2015", "title": "The Chipmunk Song (Christmas Don't Be Late)" }, { "docid": "165073", "text": "Jive Bunny and the Mastermixers are a British novelty pop music act from Rotherham, South Yorkshire, England. The face of the group was Jive Bunny, a cartoon rabbit who appeared in their music videos. Costumed actors also made promotional appearances as the character. Doncaster DJ and producer Les Hemstock created the original \"Swing the Mood\" mix for the Music Factory owned Mastermix DJ service. It was then taken from there and developed as a single release by father and son team John and Andrew Pickles. The name Jive Bunny was devised by Andy Pickles. Ian Morgan, a fellow DJ and co-producer, also engineered and mixed some of the early releases along with Andy Pickles. Morgan was replaced in the early 1990s by DJ and producer Mark \"The Hitman\" Smith. Jive Bunny's three number ones during 1989 were \"Swing the Mood\", \"That's What I Like\" and \"Let's Party\". All three songs used sampling and synthesisers to combine pop music from the early rock 'n' roll era together into a medley. Musical career The act had 11 entries in the UK singles chart between July 1989 and November 1991. Each track used a sampled instrumental theme to join the old songs together, in much the same way as dance music megamixes. \"Swing the Mood\" began with Glenn Miller's \"In the Mood\" (a recording from 1939), followed immediately by rhythmic re-editing of Bill Haley and His Comets' \"Rock Around the Clock\", Little Richard's \"Tutti Frutti\" and the Everly Brothers' \"Wake Up, Little Susie\". The recording also had a short extract from The Glenn Miller Story (1954) with James Stewart as Glenn Miller. \"Swing the Mood\" was No. 1 for five weeks on the UK Singles Chart in 1989, and quickly caught on in the United States, where it reached No. 11 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. \"That's What I Like\" featured the theme music from the television police drama Hawaii Five-O, with overlaid excerpts from rock hits like Chubby Checker's \"The Twist\" and Ernie Maresca's \"Shout! Shout! (Knock Yourself Out)\". \"Let's Party\" (released originally in the U.S. as \"March of the Mods\") used \"March of the Mods\" (also known as the Finnjenka Dance), interpolating Del Shannon's \"Runaway\" and The Wrens' \"Come Back My Love\" among others. In the UK \"Let's Party\" was a Christmas hit with samples of Wizzard's \"I Wish It Could Be Christmas Everyday\", Slade's \"Merry Xmas Everybody\" and Gary Glitter's \"Another Rock 'N' Roll Christmas\". Recently this has been remixed to remove the Gary Glitter track to avoid controversy over his subsequent criminal convictions and, somewhat anachronistically, replace it with Mariah Carey's \"All I Want for Christmas Is You\", should any radio stations wish to play it over the Christmas period. They did not have permission to use the original Wizzard recording so Roy Wood re-recorded the part of the track for them. With \"Let's Party\" reaching Number One in the UK Singles Chart a couple of weeks before the Christmas chart of 1989, the act became the third", "title": "Jive Bunny and the Mastermixers" }, { "docid": "56155342", "text": "All I Want For Christmas Is You (also known as Mariah Carey's All I Want For Christmas Is You) is a 2017 American animated Christmas film based on the song by Mariah Carey and the book by Carey herself. The film stars the voices of Mariah Carey, Breanna Yde, Lacey Chabert and Henry Winkler. Premise Based on her iconic Christmas song, this film features Mariah Carey's music and narration in a loving story about little Mariah's Christmas wish for a puppy. Cast Background In early 2015, Carey signed with Epic Records and began work on a Christmas themed animated film, pitching the idea to her friend, Brett Ratner. By April, New Line Cinema bought the rights to Carey's film idea from RatPac Entertainment. Carey was set to start in the film and curate the film's soundtrack. All I Want for Christmas Is You In 2015, Carey announced a children's book titled All I Want for Christmas Is You based on her 1994 hit song of the same name. The book told the story of a young girl whose greatest holiday wish is for a new puppy. The book was published by Random House's Doubleday Books for Young Readers and illustrated by Colleen Madden. The book was released on November 10 the same year. Production By March 2017, production of the CGI-animated film Mariah Carey's All I Want for Christmas Is You began. Lacey Chabert, Henry Winkler and Breanna Yde were attached to the film. Carey was executive producer of the film alongside Stella Bulochnikov for Magic Carpet Productions, in partnership with producer Mike Young and Splash Entertainment. The film is based on Carey's 2015 book of the same name which had sold over 750,000 copies by 2017. Release The film was released direct-to-video on November 10, 2017 on Blu-ray, DVD, iTunes and other various digital platforms. Soundtrack Mariah Carey's All I Want For Christmas Is You (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) was released as the soundtrack alongside the release of the film. It features Christmas covers and classics by Carey and two of the voice cast members, as well as a brand new song by Carey called \"Lil Snowman\". In Japan, it was released on November 22 of the same year. Track listing Credits adapted from Spotify. See also List of Christmas films References External links American Christmas films 2017 films 2010s American animated films Universal Animation Studios animated films 2017 computer-animated films 2010s Christmas films American children's animated comedy films 2010s English-language films Animation based on real people Animated films based on songs Universal 1440 Entertainment films", "title": "All I Want for Christmas Is You (film)" }, { "docid": "62674991", "text": "The UK Singles Chart is one of many music charts compiled by the Official Charts Company that calculates the best-selling singles of the week in the United Kingdom. Since 2004 the chart has been based on the sales of both physical singles and digital downloads, with airplay figures excluded from the official chart. Since 2014, the singles chart has been based on both sales and streaming, with the ratio altered in 2017 to 150:1 streams and only three singles by the same artist eligible for the chart. From July 2018, video streams from YouTube Music and Spotify among others began to be counted for the Official Charts. This list shows singles that peaked in the Top 10 of the UK Singles Chart during 2020, as well as singles which peaked in 2019 and 2021 but were in the top 10 in 2020. The entry date is when the song appeared in the top 10 for the first time (week ending, as published by the Official Charts Company, which is six days after the chart is announced). One-hundred and four singles were in the top 10 this year. Eleven singles from 2019 remained in the top 10 for several weeks at the beginning of the year, while \"Sweet Melody\" by Little Mix, \"34+35\" by Ariana Grande, \"This Christmas\" by Jess Glynne, \"Whoopty\" by CJ and \"Rockin' Around the Christmas Tree\" by Justin Bieber were all released in 2020 but did not reach their peak until 2021. \"All I Want for Christmas is You\" by Mariah Carey, \"Before You Go\" by Lewis Capaldi, Own It by Stormzy featuring Ed Sheeran and Burna Boy, \"River\" by Ellie Goulding and \"Roxanne\" by Arizona Zervas were the singles from 2019 to reach their peak in 2020. \"Last Christmas\" by Wham! was released in 2019 and re-entered the top 10 in 2020, but did not reach its peak until 2021. Twenty-two artists have scored multiple entries in the top ten in 2020. DaBaby, Doja Cat, Future, Megan Thee Stallion and Roddy Ricch were among the many artists who achieved their first top 10 single in 2020. The first number-one single of the year was \"River\" by Ellie Goulding. Overall, eighteen different songs peaked at number-one in 2020, with Ariana Grande (2) having the most songs hit that position. Background Multiple entries Sixty-one singles have charted in the top 10 in 2020 (as of 16 July 2020, week ending), with fifty-six singles reaching their peak this year (including the re-entries \"All I Want for Christmas Is You\", \"Do They Know It's Christmas?\", \"Fairytale of New York\", \"Happy Xmas (War is Over)\", \"I Wish It Could Be Christmas Everyday\", \"Last Christmas\", \"Merry Christmas Everyone\" and \"Step into Christmas\", which charted in previous years but reached peaks on their latest chart run). Sixteen artists have scored multiple entries in the top 10 in 2020, with Dua Lipa and AJ Tracey sharing the record (as of 16 July 2020, week ending) for most hit singles this year with four, both", "title": "List of UK top-ten singles in 2020" }, { "docid": "38013620", "text": "\"Christmas Time Is in the Air Again\" is a song by American singer-songwriter Mariah Carey from her second Christmas album and thirteenth studio album, Merry Christmas II You (2010). It was written and produced by Carey in collaboration with Broadway composer Marc Shaiman. Lyrically, it is about finding love during the Christmas season. The track garnered positive reviews from critics, with one describing it as an outstanding performance and the only song on the album that could compare to one of Carey's previous Christmas singles, \"All I Want for Christmas Is You\". It was released as a promotional single in December 2012. An accompanying lyric video was released, and Carey has performed \"Christmas Time Is in the Air Again\" live on NBC's Christmas in Rockefeller Centre event and during her December 2014 Beacon Theatre residency called All I Want For Christmas Is You, A Night of Joy & Festivity. Background and composition \"Christmas Time is in the Air Again\" is an original composition written and produced by Carey with Broadway composer Marc Shaiman for Carey's second Christmas album/thirteenth studio album Merry Christmas II You (2010). It was recorded by Brian Garten at multiple recording studios, including Henson Studios, 20th Century Fox Scoring Stage, Guardian Angel Studios, Germano Studios, Capitol Recording Studios, while it was mixed by Phil Tan and assistant Damien Lewis at The Ninja Beat Club. An extensive list of additional and assistant engineers were enlisted in the production of the track: Brett \"Snacky\" Pierce, Scott Risett, Kenta Yonesaka, Alex Guapera, Charlie Paakkari, Tim Lauber, Tom Steel, Greg Dennon, Denis St. Amand. Aside from being credited as a songwriter and producer, the song was orchestrated and arranged by Shaiman, who also performed the piano. The ballad begins with Carey singing \"Oh, Christmas time is in the air again\" in her \"whisper register\", backed by a string section performed by Mike Valerio on the upright bass and George Doering playing the guitar. Other instrumentalists who performed on the bell and chime embellished track were Victor Indrizzo on the drums and Luis Conte on percussion. The orchestra was recorded and pre-mixed by John Richards and the concertmaster was Ralph Morrison; Shari Sutcliffe was enlisted as the orchestra contractor. Lyrically, the track is about falling in love during the Christmas season. Set in the key of D♭ major, then it key changes to D major, the song has a \"slow\" feel and a tempo of 50 beats per minute; Carey's voice spans just short of two octaves from F♯3 to E5. On November 26, 2012, Carey announced via her Twitter account that \"Christmas Time Is in the Air Again\" would be released as a promotional single. Critical reception The Village Voice writer Rich Juzwiak felt that \"Christmas Time Is in the Air Again\" was the only song on Merry Christmas II You that matched \"the magic\" of her 1994 single \"All I Want for Christmas Is You\", describing it as \"exquisite\". He continued to write that it is \"a sweeping big-band ballad", "title": "Christmas Time Is in the Air Again" }, { "docid": "5705663", "text": "All I Want for Christmas may refer to: Film All I Want for Christmas (film), a 1991 film starring Lauren Bacall and Thora Birch All I Want for Christmas, a 2007 TV film featuring Robert Pine Music \"All I Want (For Christmas)\", a 2019 song by Liam Payne \"All I Want for Christmas\", a song by Shonen Knife \"All I Want for Christmas\", a song by Joss Stone, written and produced by Dan Mackenzie \"All I Want for Christmas Is a Dukla Prague Away Kit\", a song by Half Man Half Biscuit on The Trumpton Riots EP (1986) Television episodes \"All I Want for Christmas\" (8 Simple Rules) \"All I Want for Christmas\" (Casualty) \"All I Want for Christmas\" (EastEnders) \"All I Want for Christmas\" (Everybody Loves Raymond) \"All I Want for Christmas\" (Fame) \"All I Want for Christmas\" (Happy Days) \"All I Want for Christmas\" (The Jeffersons) \"All I Want for Christmas\" (Newport Harbor: The Real Orange County) \"All I Want for Christmas\" (On Our Own) See also \"All I Want for Christmas Is You\", a 1994 song by Mariah Carey All I Want for Christmas Is You (disambiguation) \"All I Want for Christmas Is My Two Front Teeth\", a 1944 song written by Donald Yetter Gardner \"All I Want for Christmas Is a Beatle\", a 1963 novelty song by Dora Bryan", "title": "All I Want for Christmas" }, { "docid": "9441769", "text": "Snow Blankets the Night is an EP by the American singer-songwriter Teddy Geiger. Following the success of her debut album Underage Thinking, Geiger released a six song Christmas EP on December 12, 2006 only through the U.S. iTunes. The EP includes an original Christmas song written by Geiger herself entitled \"I Found an Angel\" and two other new original songs, \"Listen\" and \"Our Eyes\" as well. A cover of Mariah Carey's \"All I Want for Christmas Is You\" is also featured on the EP, also containing live versions of her singles \"These Walls\" and \"For You I Will (Confidence)\" recorded at the Harro East Ballroom in her hometown of Rochester, New York. Also, the music video for \"These Walls\" is included in the EP. A promotional CD single of \"I Found An Angel\" and \"All I Want For Christmas Is You\" was sent to select US radio stations. Track listing \"I Found an Angel\" (Teddy Geiger) – 3:33 \"Listen\" (Geiger) – 3:28 \"Our Eyes\" (Geiger) – 3:51 \"All I Want for Christmas Is You\" (Mariah Carey, Walter Afanasieff) – 2:40 \"These Walls\" [live at Harro East Ballroom]\" (Geiger, Beth Cohen, Peter Wallace) – 3:50 \"For You I Will (Confidence)\" [live at Harro East Ballroom]\" (Geiger, Billy Mann) – 4:07 \"These Walls\" [music video] – 3:39 References Teddy Geiger albums 2006 EPs", "title": "Snow Blankets the Night" }, { "docid": "33558355", "text": "Glee: The Music, The Christmas Album Volume 2 is the tenth soundtrack album by the cast of the American musical television series Glee, released by Columbia Records on November 11, 2011. Background The album features twelve Christmas tunes: ten covers and two original songs. The original songs are both written by Adam Anders, Peer Åström and Shelly Peiken: \"Extraordinary Merry Christmas\" and \"Christmas Eve with You\". In addition to featuring twelve of the starring characters from the television show's third season (only Dianna Agron, Jane Lynch and Harry Shum Jr. are not listed), all four of the finalists from The Glee Project are featured: Damian McGinty solos on \"Blue Christmas\", Samuel Larsen is featured with Cory Monteith and Mark Salling on \"Santa Claus Is Coming to Town\", and runners-up Lindsay Pearce and Alex Newell duet on \"Do You Hear What I Hear?\" The album debuted on the Billboard 200 at number six, selling 71,000 copies in its first week. Reception Heather Phares of AllMusic gave the album a rating of three-and-a-half stars out of a possible five, and wrote that \"listeners know what to expect\" and the album \"delivers just that\". She praised Amber Riley's \"All I Want for Christmas Is You\" as \"charming\", Naya Rivera's \"Santa Baby\" as \"mischievous\", Heather Morris's \"Christmas Wrapping\" as \"brilliant\", and Chris Colfer and Darren Criss for their \"brassy, breezy\" version of \"Let It Snow\". She did note that the album \"flags\" when \"unfamiliar\" songs are presented and singled out the original song \"Extraordinary Merry Christmas\" in this regard. She also criticized the final song of the album, \"Do They Know It's Christmas?\", and described it as \"overwrought\". Track listing Unless otherwise indicated, information is based on the liner notes. Notes While Dianna Agron and Jane Lynch are credited as part of the Glee cast vocals in the liner notes, they are not credited on any tracks. \"Santa Baby\" samples the instrumental track of Madonna's cover version \"River\" samples the piano track from Joni Mitchell's original version The musical arrangement of \"Santa Claus Is Coming To Town\" is based on the Bruce Springsteen cover version Personnel Dianna Agron – vocals Adam Anders – arranger, composer, digital editing, producer, soundtrack producer, vocal arrangement, additional vocals Alex Anders – digital editing, engineer, vocal producer, additional vocals Nikki Anders – additional vocals Peer Åström – arranger, composer, engineer, mixing, producer Kala Balch – additional vocals Glen Ballard – composer Dave Bett – art direction Joshua Blanchard – assistant engineer PJ Bloom – music supervisor Anita Marisa Boriboon – art direction Ravaughn Brown – additional vocals Chris Butler – composer Geoff Bywater – executive in charge of music Mariah Carey – composer Deyder Cintron – assistant engineer, digital editing Chris Colfer – lead vocals Kamari Copeland – additional vocals Darren Criss – lead vocals Tim Davis – vocal contractor, additional vocals Dante Di Loreto – soundtrack executive producer Brad Falchuk – soundtrack executive producer Emily Gomez – additional vocals Heather Guibert – coordination Missi Hale – additional vocals", "title": "Glee: The Music, The Christmas Album Volume 2" }, { "docid": "69590186", "text": "The UK Singles Chart is one of many music charts compiled by the Official Charts Company that calculates the best-selling singles of the week in the United Kingdom. Since 2004 the chart has been based on the sales of both physical singles and digital downloads, with airplay figures excluded from the official chart. Since 2014, the singles chart has been based on both sales and streaming, with the ratio altered in 2017 to 150:1 streams and only three singles by the same artist eligible for the chart. From July 2018, video streams from YouTube Music and Spotify among others began to be counted for the Official Charts. This list shows singles that peaked in the Top 10 of the UK Singles Chart during 2022, as well as singles which peaked in 2021 and 2023 but were in the top 10 in 2022. The entry date is when the song appeared in the top 10 for the first time (week ending, as published by the Official Charts Company, which is six days after the chart is announced). Ninety-four singles were in the top 10 this year. Fifteen singles from 2021 remained in the top 10 for several weeks at the beginning of the year, while \"Calm Down\" by Rema, \"Escapism\" by Raye featuring 070 Shake, \"Firebabe\" by Stormzy and \"Let Go\" by Central Cee were all released in 2022 but did not reach their peak until 2023. \"Seventeen Going Under\" by Sam Fender, \"Coming for You\" by SwitchOTR featuring A1 x J1, \"Overseas\" by D-Block Europe featuring Central Cee, \"ABCDEFU\" by Gayle, \"All I Want for Christmas is You\" by Mariah Carey, Last Christmas\" by Wham! and \"Come On Home for Christmas\" by George Ezra were the songs from 2021 to reach their peak in 2022. \"Rockin' Around the Christmas Tree\" by Brenda Lee and \"It's Beginning to Look a Lot Like Christmas\" by Michael Bublé were both released in 2021 and re-entered the top 10 in 2022, but did not reach their peak until 2023. Acraze, Fireboy DML, Lauren Spencer-Smith, Jessica Darrow, Kim Petras and Luude were among the many artists who achieved their first top 10 single in 2022. \"Merry Christmas\" by Ed Sheeran and Elton John returned to number-one for a third non-consecutive week during the first week of 2022, while Adele's \"Easy on Me\" clinched an eighth non-consecutive week at the top spot during the second week of 2022. The first new number-one single of the year was \"ABCDEFU\" by Gayle. Overall, fourteen different songs peaked at number-one in 2022, with fourteen unique artists hitting that position. Background Multiple entries Ninety-four singles charted in the top 10 in 2022, with eighty-six singles reaching their peak this year (including the re-entries \"All I Want for Christmas Is You\" and \"Last Christmas\", which charted in previous years but reached peaks on their latest chart run). Encanto sets records Three songs from the soundtrack of the Disney film Encanto charted within the top 10 of the UK Singles Chart this", "title": "List of UK top-ten singles in 2022" }, { "docid": "38081801", "text": "\"All I Want for Christmas Is You\" is a 1994 song by Mariah Carey. All I Want for Christmas Is You may also refer to: \"All I Want for Christmas Is You\" (Vince Vance & The Valiants song), 1989 \"All I Want For Christmas Is You, A Night of Joy & Festivity,\" a residency show by Mariah Carey All I Want for Christmas Is You (film), a 2017 film based on the Carey song and a book of the same name \"All I Want for Christmas Is You\", a 1966 song by Carla Thomas \"All I Want for Christmas Is You\", a Sesame Street song by Big Bird from Elmo Saves Christmas \"A Christmas Love Song\" (music by Johnny Mandel, lyrics by Alan Bergman and Marilyn Bergman). The first line, \"All I Want for Christmas Is You,\" is sometimes incorrectly given as the title See also All I Want for Christmas (disambiguation)", "title": "All I Want for Christmas Is You (disambiguation)" }, { "docid": "72272644", "text": "These are the Billboard Holiday Digital Song Sales chart number one hits from 2010 until 2019. The chart represents the top-downloaded Holiday songs, ranked by sales data as compiled by Nielsen SoundScan. Holiday Songs / Holiday Airplay 2010-2019 Five songs alternated topping the Holiday Airplay chart from 2010 and 2019: Bobby Helms' 1957 \"Jingle Bell Rock\" for one week on 11/27/10, Mariah Carey's \"All I Want for Christmas Is You\" for 31 weeks (2 weeks from 12/4-11/2010, 2 weeks from 1/1-8/2011, 3 weeks from 12/24/2011-1/7/2012, 1 week on 1/5/2013, 3 weeks from 12/28/2013-1/11/2014, 1 week on 1/3/2015, 4 weeks from 12/19/2015-1/9/2016, 3 weeks from 12/24/2016-1/7/2017 and 12 weeks from 12/30/2017-1/4/2020), Brenda Lee's 1958 \"Rockin' Around the Christmas Tree\" for 9 weeks (1 week on 12/18/2010, 1 week on 12/10/2011, 3 weeks from 12/15-29/2012, 2 weeks from 12/14-21/2013, 1 week on 12/12/2015 and 1 week on 12/10/2016), Burl Ives' 1964 \"A Holly Jolly Christmas\" for 5 weeks (on the weeks of 12/25/2010, 12/17/2011, 12/8/2012, 12/13/2014, and 12/9/2017) and Jose Feliciano's 1971's \"Feliz Navidad\" for 6 total weeks (2 weeks from 12/20-27/2014, 1 week on 1/10/2015, 1 week on 12/17/2016 and 2 weeks from 12/16-23/2017). Hot Holiday Songs / Holiday 100 2011-2019 Five songs topped the Holiday 100 from the chart's debut in 2011 until 2019: Mariah Carey's \"All I Want for Christmas Is You\" for 40 weeks, Justin Bieber's \"Mistletoe\" on 1/7/2012, Pentatonix's \"Little Drummer Boy\" on 12/21/13, Pentatonix's \"Mary, Did You Know?\" for 2 weeks from 12/13-20/2014 and Ariana Grande's \"Santa Tell Me\" on 1/10/2015. Holiday Streaming Songs 2013-2019 The only songs that topped Holiday Streaming Songs from the chart's debut in 2013 until 2019 are Mariah Carey's \"All I Want For Christmas Is You\" for 30 weeks, Pentatonix's \"Mary, Did You Know?\" for 3 weeks from 12/13-27/2014 and Ariana Grande's \"Santa Tell Me\" for 2 weeks from 1/3-10/2015 . See also Billboard Christmas Holiday Charts List of Billboard number one Holiday Digital Song Sales of the 2020s List of Billboard number one Holiday Songs 2001-2010 List of Billboard Top Holiday Albums number ones of the 2010s References External links Top Holiday Digital Song Sales chart at Billboard Billboard charts", "title": "List of Billboard number one Holiday Songs 2010–2019" }, { "docid": "25283766", "text": "Gift Wrapped - 20 Songs That Keep on Giving! or Gift Wrapped is a Christmas compilation album which was released in the United States on 1 December 2009 to iTunes and 8 December 2009 on Amazon.com. The album contains covers, live tracks and an original songs from artists under the Warner Bros. Records Inc label and its subsidiaries. The cover of Mariah Carey's All I Want for Christmas Is You by My Chemical Romance appears on the 2004 album Kevin & Bean's Christmastime in the 909. The album cover is a copy of Patti Page Christmas Album. Track listing \"Let It Snow, Let It Snow, Let It Snow (Live)\" by Michael Bublé - 2:24 \"All I Want for Christmas Is You\" by My Chemical Romance - 3:44 \"A Change at Christmas (Say It Isn't So)\" by The Flaming Lips - 5:21 \"This Time of Year\" by Nikki & Rich - 3:23 \"Walking in the Air\" by Foxy Shazam - 4:07 \"The Lights and Buzz\" by Jack's Mannequin - 3:35 \"Silver Bells\" by Meaghan Smith - 3:07 \"Winter Wonderland\" by Randy Travis - 2:21 \"My Dear Acquaintance (A Happy New Year)\" by Regina Spektor - 2:51 \"Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas\" by Tyler Hilton - 2:52 \"(When Is) Hanukkah This Year?\" by Mêlée - 2:33 \"Alone This Holiday\" by The Used - 2:55 \"30days\" by Never Shout Never - 3:11 \"Santa Claus Is Back in Town\" by Dwight Yoakam - 2:39 \"Santa's Lost His Mojo\" by Jeremy Lister - 2:47 \"Merry Christmas, Here's to Many More\" by Relient K - 2:51 \"All I Want for Christmas Is You\" by Whitney Duncan - 4:07 \"You're a Mean One, Mr. Grinch\" by The Brian Setzer Orchestra - 2:36 \"Silent Night\" by Blake Shelton - 2:43 \"Deck the Halls\" by R.E.M. - 1:13 References 2009 compilation albums 2009 Christmas albums Christmas compilation albums Alternative rock compilation albums Indie rock compilation albums Pop compilation albums Warner Records compilation albums Alternative rock Christmas albums", "title": "Gift Wrapped – 20 Songs That Keep on Giving!" } ]	[ { "docid": "1271425", "text": "Home for Christmas is the first Christmas album and second studio album by American boy band NSYNC. The album was released, exclusively in the United States, on November 10, 1998, by RCA Records following the success of their self-titled debut album. On October 27, 1999, Home for Christmas was certified Double Platinum by the RIAA for shipment of two million copies in the United States. Home for Christmas was released on September 30, 2002 in the United Kingdom as The Meaning of Christmas on Ariola Express with an altered track listing. \"Merry Christmas, Happy Holidays\" was released as a single in the United States, and in Germany as well, due to its inclusion on the group's German seasonal album, The Winter Album. As of December 2014, Home for Christmas has sold 2.8 million copies in the United States, making it the fifteenth best-selling Christmas/holiday album in the U.S. since Nielsen SoundScan started tracking music sales in 1991. Critical reception During its time of release in 1998, Home for Christmas was met with lukewarm to negative reviews from critics who derided the song lyrics as “sentimental-sounding non sequiturs” and contended the group did not have the same charisma of fellow pop groups like the Backstreet Boys or the Spice Girls. At Rate Your Music, a website where users submit reviews, Home for Christmas was given a very low rating: 1.43 out of 5. However, critics also praised the album for having eleven original tracks, as well as for its “slickly produced adult contemporary ballads and lite dance-pop”. In the years since, the album has been commended for the strength of its five-part harmonies, displayed in songs like the group’s a capella of “O Holy Night.” It is also known as a rare NSYNC album that gives Chris Kirkpatrick, Joey Fatone, and Lance Bass vocal opportunities to shine. Track listing Most of the lead vocals are provided by Justin Timberlake and JC Chasez. \"Under My Tree\", \"I Guess It's Christmas Time\" has lead vocals provided by Chris Kirkpatrick \"All I Want Is You This Christmas\", \"It's Christmas\" has lead vocals provided by Kirkpatrick and Joey Fatone \"The Only Gift\" has lead vocals provided by Kirkpatrick, Fatone and Lance Bass Notes signifies a vocal co-producer Personnel Credits adapted from album’s liner notes. NSYNC Lance Bass – backing and occasional lead vocals (bass) JC Chasez – lead and backing vocals (first tenor/melody) Joey Fatone – backing and occasional lead vocals (baritone) Chris Kirkpatrick – backing and lead vocals (countertenor/falsetto) Justin Timberlake – lead and backing vocals (second tenor/melody) Additional personnel Troy Antunes — bass (track 7) Lou Appel — drums and percussion (track 1) Joey Argero — bass (tracks 5, 6) Alan \"Double A\" Armitage — mixing assistant (tracks 2-9, 12-14) Billy Ashbaugh — drums (track 7) Adam Barber — engineer (tracks 2, 4, 7, 9, 11-14) Johann Bast — strings (track 12) Tony Battaglia — guitars (track 7) David Bjella — strings (track 12) Joanie Bjella — strings (track 12) Scott Bliege —", "title": "Home for Christmas (NSYNC album)" }, { "docid": "23997973", "text": "Joy to the World is the twenty-sixth solo studio album by American country singer Connie Smith. It was released in October 1975 via Columbia Records and originally contained ten tracks. It was re-released decades later by Real Gone Music to digital sites and featured one new track. The album was Smith's first album of Christmas music. Background In the 1970s, Connie Smith moved from RCA Victor to Columbia Records after 18 top ten Billboard country singles. She had discovered Christianity during this period, which prompted Columbia to let her record one gospel album per year. Despite the contract terms, the only gospel collection released was 1973's God Is Abundant. No gospel collection was issued by Columbia in 1974 due to the label's lack of interest and Smith's unexpected time devoted to her pregnancy. Columbia instead issued two gospel albums of Smith's material in 1975, beginning in May with Connie Smith Sings Hank Williams Gospel. It would be followed by her first Christmas album, which would be titled Joy to the World. Smith had wanted to record a religious set of Christmas material for several years. In her initial contract with Columbia, executive Clive Davis noted that Smith would have the opportunity to record one Christmas collection. According to biographer Barry Mazor, Smith \"was not pressured\" into cutting pop Christmas tunes. \"I wanted a real Christmas album, about the real Christmas. And I wanted the old songs,\" Smith said. \"I can't say I did this for mama, but I knew she would love it!\" Recording and content Smith recorded Joy to the World one year prior to the album's release. The album was cut over three sessions at Columbia Studio B, located in Nashville, Tennessee: August 20, August 21 and August 22, 1974. All three sessions were produced by Ray Baker, who had recorded Smith's previous three studio albums at Columbia. Three overdub sessions were also added, however, production credits were unknown, according to biographer Barry Mazor. Most of the project's material was dated and in the public domain. Therefore, Smith was credited as an arranger for most of the project's tracks. A total of ten tracks comprised the original collection. As with previous albums, Smith chose the music. Among the tracks handpicked by her was \"O Holy Night\" and \"What Child Is This?\". \"There are no better Christmas songs than 'O Holy Night' or 'What Child Is This',\" she told Barry Mazor. Another chosen track was \"Sweet Little Jesus Boy\", which was notably done by gospel performer, Mahalia Jackson. \"I wanted to do that one because I was a huge fan of hers, and that she'd done it impressed me so much,\" recalled Smith in 2021. She initially wanted to record \"Little Drummer Boy\" in the ballad style of a similar version cut by Ray Price. However, Smith was pressured into making an up-tempo version of the track. \"I wound up doing what they [Columbia] wanted, but I've always regretted that I didn't cut it more my way,\" she told", "title": "Joy to the World (Connie Smith album)" }, { "docid": "25386035", "text": "\"(I Want to) Come Home\" is a song written and recorded by Paul McCartney for the 2009 film Everybody's Fine. Composition and recording An early cut of Everybody's Fine was screened for McCartney, with Aretha Franklin's cover of \"Let It Be\" inserted as a placeholder by director Kirk Jones. McCartney was inspired to write the song for the film after connecting with the protagonist, portrayed by Robert De Niro, a widower who \"hits the road to visit his scattered children after they cancel a weekend gathering.\" McCartney told USA Today, \"I can very much relate to a guy who's got older children, who happens to have lost his wife, the mother of those children, and is trying to get them all together at Christmas. I understand that.\" After recording a demo version on cassette, McCartney received notes for the song from Jones requesting an intro for the song as opposed to its original \"abrupt\" start. McCartney then collaborated with the film's music composer Dario Marianelli on orchestrations for the song \"resulting in an intimate ballad with piano, guitar and spare strings.\" \"(I Want to) Come Home\" was recorded with engineer Geoff Emerick along with 20 other tracks around this time. Personnel Paul McCartney – vocals, bass, acoustic and electric guitars, piano, drums, tambourine Unknown – strings, horns Dario Marianelli – string arrangement Release The song was released as a single in online music stores on 1 March 2010. The song is not included on the soundtrack to the film. Its original and demo versions were released on The 7\" Singles Box on 2 December 2022. The song was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song, but did not win, losing the award to \"The Weary Kind\", from Crazy Heart, by Ryan Bingham. Cover version In 2012, Tom Jones released a recording of the song on his studio album, Spirit in the Room. Charts References Paul McCartney songs 2010 singles 2010 songs Songs written by Paul McCartney Rock ballads", "title": "(I Want to) Come Home" }, { "docid": "76324371", "text": "Below is an alphabetical list of songs recorded by American singer Bette Midler. It contains only songs that have been officially released since 1972, regardless of whether they were recorded in the studio or they were only live releases. The list also includes songs released in the original format, excluding reissues. Also, the list did not include the singer's concert monologues from live albums. As of 2024, the singer has recorded over 230 songs. A All I Need to Know (1983) All of a Sudden (1990) Alright, Okay, You Win (2005) Am I Blue (1972) As Dreams Go By (1995) B Baby It's Cold Outside (1991) Baby It's You (2014) Baby Mine (1988) Bang, You're Dead (1977) Beast of Burden (1983) Be My Baby (2014) Bed of Roses (1995) Before the Parade Passes By (2017) Bei Mir Bist Du Schön (2014) Big Noise from Winnetka (1979) Big Socks (1998) Big Spender (2005) Billy-A-Dick (1991) Birds (1977) Bless You Child (2000) Blueberry Pie (1980) Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy (1972) Bottomless (1995) Boxing (1998) Breaking Up Somebody's Home (1973) Buckets of Rain (1976) C Camelia (1979) Chapel of Love (1972) Color of Roses (2000) Come and Get These Memories (2014) Come Back Jimmy Dean (1983) Come On-a My House (2003) Come Rain or Come Shine (1991) Cool Yule (2006) Cradle Days (1979) D Dancing (2017) Daytime Hustler (1972) Delta Dawn (1972) Do You Want to Dance? (1972) A Dream Is a Wish Your Heart Makes (1977) Dreamland (1991) Drinking Again (1973) E E Street Shuffle / Summer (The First Time) / Leader of the Pack (1980) Empty Bed Blues (1977) Every Road Leads Back to You (1991) Everything's Coming Up Roses (1993) F Fat as I Am (1985) Favorite Waste of Time (1983) Fever (2005) Finale (2017) Finale: Up the Ladder to the Roof / Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy / Friends (1977) Fire Down Below (1980) The Folks Who Live on the Hill (2005) For All We Know (1991) Friends (1972) Friends / Oh My My (1977) From a Distance (1990) G The Gift of Love (1990) The Girl Friend of the Whirling Dervish (1991) The Girl Is On to You (1990) Give Him a Great Big Kiss (2014) The Glory of Love (1988) God Give Me Strength (2000) God Help the Outcasts (1996) The Greatest Ears in Town (2010) H Hang On in There Baby (1979) Happiness Is a Thing Called Joe (2005) Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas (2006) Heaven (1998) He Needs Me (2005) He's a Tramp (2005) He's Sure the Boy I Love (2014) Hello, Dolly! (2017) Hello in There (1972) Heart Over Head (1983) Hey There (2003) Higher & Higher (Your Love Keeps Lifting Me) (1973) The Hunter Gets Captured by the Game (2006) Hurricane (1979) Hurry On Down (1977) I I Believe in You (1995) I Don't Want the Night to End (1976) I Heard the Bells on Christmas Day (2006) I Love Being Here with You (2005) I Know This Town (1995) I Know You", "title": "List of songs recorded by Bette Midler" }, { "docid": "65944674", "text": "\"Can't Stop Christmas\" is a song by British singer-songwriter Robbie Williams, released as the second single from his twelfth studio album The Christmas Present (2019). The track was not on the original release of the album but was added as the opening track on the second CD of the 2020 reissue. The single was released in the United Kingdom on 20 November 2020. The song was written by Williams, Karl Brazil, Owen Parker, Benjamin Roy Castle and Chris Heath and produced by Guy Chambers and Richard Flack. Background Williams released his twelfth studio album The Christmas Present on 22 November 2019. On the same day he also released the first single from the album, \"Time for Change\", with an accompanying music video. The second single from the album, \"Can't Stop Christmas\", was released on 20 November 2020. Williams stated: \"It was a lot of fun to write and I hope we got the tone right and I hope that it just makes people smile. I hope people find it mildly amusing and uplifting.\" He added that the days of him being up in the singles charts have moved on: \"I'm an albums kind of person now, which is wonderful. But I don’t even look at the charts now. And I wouldn’t even think that I would get anywhere near up there. But if I did, it would be a Christmas miracle and I'd be very grateful.\" In an interview with the Irish Independent, Williams stated: \"I was made to write the song by my wife, I had written 50 songs for The Christmas Present and I didn’t want to do any more but she said, ‘You’re missing a trick. Look, you know, you’ve got to document what’s going on in the world right now — and do it with some humour.\" He added \"I said, ‘I’m not doing that because all the musicians in the world are going to be doing that right now and I can’t be bothered, thank you very much’. And then she made me and then she gave me the title and some of the lyrics. So, it's kinda Ayda Williams's project lived out by me.\" Reception \"Can't Stop Christmas\" was included on a list of the worst songs of 2020 published by Variety, with the song described as a \"holiday-spirit-killing hokum\". Music video An accompanying music video directed by Dan Massie was released on 14 December 2020. The video sees Williams parodying the British government's response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Williams appears as Boris Johnson in the video, which also includes a dancing Theresa May and a tribute to Queen's \"Bohemian Rhapsody\". Charts References 2020 singles Robbie Williams songs Columbia Records singles Christmas music Cultural depictions of Boris Johnson", "title": "Can't Stop Christmas" }, { "docid": "3572250", "text": "Solid Harmonie (stylised as Solid HarmoniE, also known as SHE) were a British-American pop girl group. The group was moderately successful, releasing five singles and a self-titled album, before disbanding in 2000. They had the most success in the Netherlands where their album went to No.2 in the albums chart and was certified gold. Also the single \"I Want You to Want Me\" peaked at #4 in the Dutch singles chart. They sold over a million records worldwide. History 1996–1997: Formation Solid Harmonie formed in 1996 by Lou Pearlman as a female opposite of his earlier created boy bands such as NSYNC and Backstreet Boys. They were signed to Jive Records in the United States. Initially, the band was made up of the trio Rebecca Onslow, Melissa Graham, who was playing in a popular Irish band called Calvary in 1996, and Mariama Goodman. They released their debut single \"Got 2 Have Ya\" in 1996, before Goodman left in 1997 to care for her ill mother. 1997–1998: Goodman's first departure and Solid HarmoniE Goodman was immediately replaced by American Elisa Cariera in 1997. However, Goodman rejoined the band later in the year and the group became a four-piece. The group was successful, releasing the four singles \"I'll Be There for You\", \"I Want You to Want Me\", \"I Wanna Love You\" and \"To Love Once Again\" preceded by their self-titled debut album release \"Solid Harmonie\". The album includes all their hits except \"Got 2 Have Ya\", which was only released as a CD single in Europe, and the Christmas song \"Give Love on Christmas Day\" (originally recorded by The Jackson 5), which can be found exclusively on a Christmas compilation from the German magazine Bravo entitled Bravo Christmas Vol. 3 (1996/9). 1998–2000: Goodman's second departure, Graham's departure and disbandment Goodman left once again and then joined R&B girl group Honeyz. Graham also left and pursued a solo career. After their departures, Onslow and Cariera decided to stay with Solid Harmonie and went back to Orlando, Florida in 1999 where they had several successful tours. Soon Puerto Rican Jenilca Franchesca Giusti joined the band in 1999 after an audition held in Cariera's hometown Orlando, Florida and started briefly recording for the second studio album. The new Solid Harmonie trio was on the cover of TeenFaces magazine on its October issue. Their second album was never released as they could not come to an agreement with their record label, or find a new one once they were without a label. After legal issues, the group lost their recording contract and disbanded. The band eventually disbanded in the early 2000 to embark on solo careers. 2014–present: \"Circus\" and Two In 2014, Solid HarmoniE released a single, \"Circus\", with the lineup of Graham, Onslow and Cariera. However, they did not release any further singles and no album materialised. In February 2022, a newly mastered version of Solid HarmoniE's shelved second album (recorded by Onslow, Cariera and Giusti) was released under the title Two. This included", "title": "Solid HarmoniE" }, { "docid": "3524191", "text": "\"All I Want for Christmas Is My Two Front Teeth\" is a novelty Christmas song written in 1944 by Donald Yetter Gardner while teaching music at public schools in Smithtown, New York. He asked his second grade class what they wanted for Christmas, and noticed that almost all of the students had at least one front tooth missing as they answered in a lisp. Gardner wrote the song in 30 minutes. In a 1995 interview, Gardner said, \"I was amazed at the way that silly little song was picked up by the whole country.\" The song was published in 1948 after an employee of Witmark music company heard Gardner sing it at a music teachers' conference. The song was introduced in 1948 by singing group The Satisfiers on Perry Como's radio show, and originally recorded for RCA Victor by Spike Jones and His City Slickers on December 6, 1947, with lead vocal by George Rock. The record reached the top of the pop charts in 1948, and again in 1949. The song has also been recorded by numerous other singers and performers, including Ray Stevens, George Strait, Danny Kaye with The Andrews Sisters, Urbie Green, The Platters, Dread Zeppelin, The Kelly Family, Nat King Cole (reportedly Gardner's favorite version), The Chipmunks, the Hampton String Quartet, The Three Stooges, Comedian Dick Emery and Count von Count of Sesame Street. In the versions by Spike, The Chipmunks (Theodore on lead vocals), and Ray Stevens, the song ends with the performer shouting the words \"Happy New Year!!!\" Homer and Jethro parodied the song as \"All I Want for Christmas Is My Upper Plate\", on their 1968 album Cool Crazy Christmas. Drag performer and singer RuPaul parodied the song on his Christmas album Ho Ho Ho. In his version, the singer lists \"a litany of plastic surgery requests\" that he would like to receive for the holiday. In 1986, the song title was parodied in \"All I Want for Christmas Is a Dukla Prague Away Kit\" by the band Half Man Half Biscuit on The Trumpton Riots EP. Country music parodist Cledus T. Judd parodied the song on his 2002 Christmas album Cledus Navidad. Titled \"All I Want for Christmas Is Two Gold Front Teef\", Judd's parody is performed in rap. The Spike Jones version of \"All I Want for Christmas Is My Two Front Teeth\" was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 2007. See also List of number-one singles of 1949 (U.S.) References Songs about children 1944 songs 1948 singles RCA Victor singles Spike Jones songs American Christmas songs Christmas novelty songs Comedy songs Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients", "title": "All I Want for Christmas Is My Two Front Teeth" }, { "docid": "12813263", "text": "All I Want for Christmas is a 1991 American romantic comedy Christmas film directed by Robert Lieberman, and starring Harley Jane Kozak, Lauren Bacall, Thora Birch, Ethan Randall, and Leslie Nielsen. The score was composed by Bruce Broughton, including a theme-setting song by Stephen Bishop. Plot In New York City, siblings Ethan (Ethan Randall) and Hallie O'Fallon (Thora Birch) launch a scheme to get what they most want for Christmas. A scheme involving their parents, Catherine (Harley Jane Kozak) and Michael (Jamey Sheridan), and grandmother, Lillian (Lauren Bacall). When Hallie meets Santa Claus (Leslie Nielsen), she asks for an unusual gift: her divorced parents back together again. As the children embark on their adventure, and while planning ahead, Tony Boer (Kevin Nealon) takes an interest in Catherine. Ethan gets pre-occupied with not only his parents' romantic dilemma, but also his own, one brought about by his new friendship with Stephanie (Amy Oberer). An elaborate scheme evolves with mice, telephone calls, and an ice cream truck, as Ethan and Hallie try to achieve their goal with help from Stephanie, and see Tony as their primary obstacle. They succeed with a little Christmas magic from Santa Claus. Catherine decides to reject Tony and remarry Michael, completing Hallie's wish. Stephanie and Ethan talk one more time as she gives him a kiss; they begin a relationship, and everyone lives happily ever after. Cast Production In June 1991, it was announced Thom Eberhardt was set to write and direct the film, which had two working titles, Home For Christmas and Home For the Holidays. One month later, various sources reported that Eberhardt had been replaced by director-producer Robert Lieberman, who was known primarily for television and commercial work. On July 24, 1991, The Hollywood Reporter stated that the picture was being rushed into production by Brandon Tartikoff, a former television executive and Paramount Pictures’ new chairman, with the goal of a 1991, rather than 1992, holiday-season opening. Shortly thereafter the film was given its release title All I Want For Christmas, would be his first for the studio. Due to the short shooting schedule, Eberhardt amicably departed the film. Gail Parent and Neal Israel were the original co-writers of Eberhardt's script, but following re-writes by Richard Kramer both their names went uncredited. Reception The film was panned by critics. Rita Kempley wrote in The Washington Post that \"when it comes to yuletide cheer, All I Want for Christmas ranks just under dead reindeer on the roof. A yuckie, yuppie kid dramedy, it was directed lickety-split by Robert Lieberman, who is known—maybe even renowned—for his Christmas episode of thirtysomething. That's probably why this stocking full of Xmas cliches plays like a feature-length spinoff of that self-absorbed series, down to its ensemble cast of dull people without actual problems. Desson Howe of the same newspaper remarked that \"in an obvious attempt to reproduce the old-fashioned magic of a Manhattan yuletide, the filmmakers just toss in the elements. From the seasonal muffler around Birch's hands to the", "title": "All I Want for Christmas (film)" }, { "docid": "72354763", "text": "Jingle Jangle: A Christmas Journey (Music from the Netflix Original Film) is the soundtrack album to the 2020 film Jingle Jangle: A Christmas Journey, released by Atlantic Records and Maisie Music Publishing on November 13, 2020. The album features original music with contribution from John Legend, Philip Lawrence, Davy Nathan and Michael Diskint, and songs performed by the cast members, Forest Whitaker, Keegan-Michael Key, Anika Noni Rose, Ricky Martin, Justin Cornwell and Madalen Mills. The film score is written and composed by John Debney, which was released into a separate album, Jingle Jangle: A Christmas Journey (Score from the Netflix Original Film) by Lakeshore Records on December 4, 2020. Development John Debney heard about the film, through the music supervisor Julia Michaels, and contacted David E. Talbert several times about the film, in turn he received the film's script, which he liked it and mentioned it as \"heart-touching\"; he had sent several demos to Talbert while filming. On working with Talbert, he said \"He wanted me to dream big and go for the most amazing score that I could [...] When you’re given that kind of opportunity and that kind of palette, it opens the floodgates to creativity. I honestly felt it my duty, my job, to create something that would be really special, like I always do.\" Debney wanted the score to be \"classic, timeless and at times magical, big and adventurous\", which led him to work with a huge orchestra for the music. He initially did not want Christmas music or typical holiday film music, but create the score cue from the melodies of the songs featured, that would capture the soulfulness of Christmas. The orchestra ensemble consisted of nearly 90 musicians, which include strings, woodwinds, brass, horns and percussions, as well as gospel choir and gospel soloists. Debney wanted the music to have \"sounds, textures and instrumental colors that would make it a little different\". Much of the film's music were written by late-2019. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown restrictions all over the world in March 2020, recording of the score had to be supervised remotely with Zoom meetings. Debney had further managed to record the score with limitations, where each orchestral portions had to be recorded per day. Despite being challenging to record during the pandemic time, Debney pleased with \"how the music sounds\". Talbert hired songwriters John Legend and Philip Lawrence to write the original songs, with Davy Nathan and Michael Diskint also contributing, and Harvey Mason Jr. served as the executive producer. Legend wrote the promotional song \"This Day\" for the film, felt that \"We felt like we could add a lot to it when it came to music and our connections in this industry. But the idea that we could present a different vision for what a holiday film is like, what a kid’s film is like, we were excited to do that [...] David has a great musical ear himself as a writer/director,” Legend says. “He’s worked in musical theater", "title": "Jingle Jangle: A Christmas Journey (soundtrack)" }, { "docid": "41531994", "text": "Switchmas (earlier titles Ira Finkelstein's Christmas and All I Want Is Christmas) is an American musical comedy film directed by Sue Corcoran. It tells the story of a Christmas-obsessed Jewish boy on his way to sunny Florida who figures out how to get the Christmas of his dreams by trading airline tickets and places with another boy on his way to snowy Christmastown, Washington. This film also features CGI scenes depicting the boy's Christmas dreams. It stars Elliott Gould and David DeLuise and is directed and produced by Sue Corcoran. It was originally filmed in Leavenworth, Washington, under the title Ira Finkelstein's Christmas. At a local screening in 2012 it had the title All I Want Is Christmas. The film was included in the 2012 Seattle International Film Festival. Plot In Hollywood, Ira J. Finkelstein (Elijah Nelson) wishes he could celebrate Christmas, but his parents do not want to celebrate because they are Jewish. Ira's father, Max (David DeLuise), a filmmaker, says he's making a low-budget, holiday sci-fi movie and that he wants demanding and empty-headed Jennifer Cameo (Julianne Christie) to be the lead role. Ira's mother, Rosie (Angela DiMarco), a caterer, gets to plan a Christmas party. Ira's parents tell him that he is going to visit his grandparents, Sam (Elliott Gould) and Ruth Finkelstein (Meg Savlov) in Florida for Hanukkah and that he'll have fun with them. Ira further contends that he wants to go somewhere where it snows so that he can experience an authentic Christmas. Ira's flight lands at the Chicago O'Hare International Airport and he is excited to see snow for the first time in real life. At an indoor kids' area he reluctantly goes over to the play area where he meets a Christian boy named Mikey Amato (Justin Howell). Mikey tells Ira that he is from Chicago and is visiting his aunt, uncle, and cousins in Washington, relatives that he hardly knows; he only knows their names and what they look like by a postcard his mom, Julie (Tracy Hyland), gave him. He also thinks it's awesome how Jews get eight nights of presents for Hanukkah. Ira tells him that he'd rather go to a place like Washington to experience Christmas. They agree to switch places, donning each other's hats, coats, and ID tags as well as Ira’s glasses but the two boys barely pull it off due to Ira's bad eye prescription... with no airport security guard suspecting anything different about them. Ira and Mikey exchange phone numbers while Mikey gives Ira the postcard of his cousins. Ira arrives at the Seattle–Tacoma International Airport and is greeted by Mikey's relatives, Libby (Cynthia Geary) and Walt (Tony Doupe) Wilson and their three children, Jessica (Jenna Levin), Clare (Shayne Hodgins), and Kyle (Jack Fleischmann). Meanwhile, Mikey arrives in Florida and is affectionately greeted by Ira's grandparents. Neither set of relatives suspects anything is wrong since Mikey and Ira look alike, nor have they seen them since they were both much younger. The Wilsons take", "title": "Switchmas" }, { "docid": "44661392", "text": "Joe Perry's Merry Christmas is an EP by Aerosmith guitarist, Joe Perry, released on December 2, 2014 on Unison Music Group. The album features Johnny Depp playing rhythm guitar on all tracks, and includes four cover songs, which Perry himself prefers to call Holiday songs. This album was released on iTunes and as a regular CD format, Background Joe Perry originally wanted to make a Christmas album with Aerosmith, his band, but he was unable to convince them. “I have wanted to do a Christmas CD with Aerosmith for years, but it seems we never have the time to record one,” Perry says in a press release announcing the album. “When my ‘Rocks’ book tour ended, the timing was right — we were in L.A. with access to a studio with some really talented friends and it all fell together. I was finally able to record some Christmas classics for the fans.”. Perry was able to convince Bruce Witkin, and Drummer Dan Potruch, with whom he had been working on material for his next solo album, to take a side trip into some Yuletide fare with him. \"I said, 'Why don't we go in and knock off some Christmas songs. We'll do an EP,'\" Perry recalls. \"He was all up for it, so we got over there and carved out some time. It's all live in the studio. The tracks are all live. That's a real horn section. Those are real girl singers in there. On a lot of my solo records I played everything, but I wanted this to be a real band, so we recorded it like we would've recorded it on tape.\" Track listing References Joe Perry (musician) albums 2014 EPs Instrumental rock EPs Christmas EPs", "title": "Joe Perry's Merry Christmas" }, { "docid": "3581622", "text": "The Complete Capitol Singles Collection is a compact disc box set by the American singer Frank Sinatra, released on Capitol Records in 1996. The four-disc set contains all 45 singles released by Sinatra during his tenure at the label between 1953 and 1961. Of those, 25 made the Top 40 on the Billboard singles chart. It does not include releases specifically for jukeboxes or for extended play singles, with one exception. The original tapes were digitally remastered by Bob Norberg. Content The packaging includes many photographs, detailed session notes, and a long essay by Will Friedwald, who explains that Sinatra followed a \"singles aesthetic\" that set these songs quite apart from the \"concept\" albums he was recording at Capitol simultaneously. Of the 96 tracks included in the box, six were not Sinatra singles. \"Well, Did You Evah!,\" a duet with Bing Crosby, is the b-side to Capitol single 3507A \"True Love\" by Bing Crosby and Grace Kelly. The five others are tracks 23 through 27 on disc four: \"Look to Your Heart\" appeared on an EP single released to promote the 1955 television production of Our Town with Sinatra cast as the stage manager; two appeared on compilation albums; two others were introduced on this set. Several songs are duets with other artists. \"How Are Ya' Fixed for Love\" and its flip \"Nothing in Common\" present Sinatra with Keely Smith, the usual singing partner of Louis Prima. The Pied Pipers, whom Sinatra had worked alongside while with Tommy Dorsey, appear with their new singer June Hutton on \"Don't Change Your Mind About Me.\" Celeste Holm appears on \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\"; those two songs along with the aforementioned Crosby duet \"Well, Did You Evah!,\" \"Mind if I Make Love to You?,\" and \"You're Sensational\" also appear in the 1956 film High Society. A doo-wop vocal group the Nuggets provide vocal backing for his rock and roll single \"Two Hearts, Two Kisses,\" and the Ralph Brewster Singers are credited for the holiday single \"The Christmas Waltz\" with \"Mistletoe and Holly.\" Most tracks were arranged by Sinatra's mainstay while at Capitol, Nelson Riddle; exceptions are listed below. Orchestras consisting of Los Angeles session musicians were conducted by Riddle, with the following exceptions: \"Lean Baby,\" \"I'm Walking Behind You,\" and \"I'll Remember April\" conducted by Axel Stordahl; \"Melody of Love\" and \"I'm Gonna Live Till I Die\" conducted by Ray Anthony; \"Well, Did You Evah!,\" \"Mind if I Make Love to You?,\" and \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\" conducted by Johnny Green; \"The Christmas Waltz\" and \"Mistletoe and Holly\" conducted by Gordon Jenkins; \"How Are Ya' Fixed for Love,\" \"Nothing in Common,\" \"The Same Old Song and Dance,\" \"Sentimental Journey,\" \"American Beauty Rose,\" \"I've Heard That Song Before,\" and \"Five Minutes More\" conducted by Billy May; and \"Monique\" conducted by Felix Slatkin. Select personnel Frank Sinatra — vocals Bing Crosby, June Hutton, Keely Smith, The Nuggets, The Ralph Brewster Singers — vocals Bill Miller — piano Alvin Stoller — drums", "title": "The Complete Capitol Singles Collection" }, { "docid": "65922398", "text": "Together at Christmas is the fourth collaborative studio album by English singers Michael Ball and Alfie Boe. It was released on 20 November 2020 through Decca Records. The album peaked at number one on the UK Albums Chart. Background In October 2020, Michael Ball and Alfie Boe announced details of their new album, Together At Christmas. The album features festive classics and one brand new original song titled \"My Christmas Will Be Better Than Yours\". Talking about the album Ball said, \"Me and Alfie, together at Christmas, I can't think of anything better! In these strange times, we wanted to create an album of songs that we like to listen to at Christmas, plus a few surprises along the way, including an original song! Hopefully our fans will love listening to this for many years to come. This year it's certainly going to be a Christmas we'll never forget. Can't wait to see you all on tour in 2021.\" Alfie Boe said, \"Keeping the Christmas spirit alive seems more important than ever this year. We wanted to create a festive album that brings joy, love and happiness. Spreading the Christmas cheer is something we all need a little extra of during these challenging times, so however people are going to be able to spend their holiday season, we'll be right here Back Together At Christmas with our fans who we are incredibly grateful for and can't wait to see in person when we're back for a brand new tour in 2021.\" Commercial performance On 23 November 2020, the album was at number one on the Official Chart Update and was over 7,000 chart sales ahead of Be by BTS. On 27 November 2020, the album entered the UK Albums Chart at number one with sales of 32,882 in its first week, 96% of which were physical sales, the album became the duo's third number one together. Talking to the Official Charts Company, the duo said, \"We just want to say thank you so much for getting us to Number 1, we really appreciate it. This is all for you – to bring you a bit of cheer this year. We’re sending lots of love, have a very Merry Christmas.\" Together at Christmas became Michael Ball's eleventh Top ten album in the UK and became Alfie Boe's ninth Top ten album in the UK. As of September 2022, the album had sold 160,388 copies in the UK. Tour In October 2020 Michael Ball and Alfie Boe announced that they will go on a UK arena tour in 2021 to support the release of their new album. They are planning to head out on a 13-date arena tour in November 2021, culminating at London's O2 Arena on December 19. Tickets for the shows went on sale on Friday 30 October. Track listing All songs produced by Nick Patrick. Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts Certifications Release history References 2020 albums Alfie Boe albums Decca Records Christmas albums Michael Ball albums Vocal duet albums", "title": "Together at Christmas (Michael Ball and Alfie Boe album)" }, { "docid": "16694920", "text": "\"I Want to Be Wanted\" is a popular song performed by Brenda Lee. Background It is an Italian song, Per tutta la vita (For all lifetime), written by Pino Spotti and Alberto Testa, In 1959 it was one of the 20 songs performed (in Italian) at the annual song contest in Italy called the \"Festival di Sanremo,\" where each song was sung by 2 different singers. Wilma De Angelis and Jula de Palma were the singers for \"Per tutta la vita,\" but the song did not place among the Festival's top ten. The performances of the Festival's songs were aired live January 29-31 on Italian Radio and TV. Later, the song was in the original version of Never on Sunday. The English lyrics of \"I Want to Be Wanted\" were written by Kim Gannon. Brenda Lee's English version of the song was issued in Italy on the Fonit label. Chart performance \"I Want to Be Wanted\" was a number-one song in the United States during the year 1960. It topped the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart for the issue dated October 24, 1960, and remained there for one week. This was Brenda Lee's second number-one single, her first being \"I'm Sorry\", and was her most recent Billboard Hot 100 number-one for 63 years, until the week of December 9, 2023 when her Christmas single \"Rockin' Around the Christmas Tree\" reached number one, setting the longest period between number one singles by an artist. In the UK, the song went to number thirty-one. Cover versions Andy Williams released a version as the B-side to his single \"Stranger on the Shore\". The song was covered by Olivia Newton-John on her 1992 album Back to Basics: The Essential Collection 1971–1992. See also List of Hot 100 number-one singles of 1960 (U.S.) References 1960 singles 1962 singles Songs with lyrics by Kim Gannon Songs with lyrics by Alberto Testa (lyricist) Brenda Lee songs Andy Williams songs Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles 1960 songs Decca Records singles", "title": "I Want to Be Wanted" }, { "docid": "8433609", "text": "\"Flappie\" is a novelty song originally recorded by Dutch comedian Youp van 't Hek in 1978. The lyrics describe a boy who is angry with, and presumably kills, his father for cooking their family's pet rabbit on Christmas. It became a popular song in The Netherlands, and it has been played as part of the rotation of Christmas music every year since its release. Since 2003, it has made regular appearances in the annual Radio 2 Top 2000. In 2020, an English-translated version was recorded by American musician Todd Rundgren. Synopsis On the Christmas morning of 1961, a boy discovers his rabbit Flappie's hutch is empty. His mother says that he is not allowed in the bicycle shed because his father is working in there, and that if he plays nicely he will get a treat. He searches for Flappie in various places, and his parents eventually join him, but they do not find Flappie. At Christmas dinner, the boy cannot stop thinking about Flappie. His father presents the main course and says that it is Flappie. The boy breaks down crying and screaming, lamenting the loss of his rabbit. The next day, the father's bed is empty, and the boy repeats what his mother told him earlier: that she is not allowed to look in the tool shed, and if she plays nicely she will get a treat. Real-life cases Because of the popularity of the song, there has been numerous cases of vandals breaking into rabbit cages around Christmas time, with the intention of re-creating parts of the \"Flappie\" lyrics. There are also cases where people adopt a rabbit as a pet in December, again with the intention of recreating part of the song. In 2006, the Dutch Animal Protection made a statement that any people who wanted to adopt a rabbit would have to wait until January before they could adopt one. People who have pet rabbits are also encouraged to lock their rabbits indoors during December, to prevent vandals from breaking the cages open and stealing the rabbits. Todd Rundgren version In 2020, Todd Rundgren recorded a version of \"Flappie\" with original English-translated lyrics. He told Rolling Stone magazine that he had been asked to do a Christmas single by Cleopatra Records, and \"at first I thought the way I usually think: What can I do that nobody else would think of doing? I found a song that was a hit in Holland, where apparently having a rabbit for Christmas dinner is a fairly commonplace thing, where the kid raises the rabbit until Christmas and then it magically disappears. It’s just a little ditty about the cannibalism of rabbits.\" Van 't Hek praised Rundgren's version, saying \"Everyone is free to record their own version of it, of course. I also think he did well. When I heard him sing 'Flappie', I thought: 'well, not a bad song at all.'\" References External links News report about freeze in adoption of rabbits during December (Dutch) Christmas novelty songs", "title": "Flappie" }, { "docid": "32990937", "text": "Joy for Christmas Day is a studio album by American country artist, Kathy Mattea. It was released on September 30, 2003 via Narada Productions and contained 11 tracks. It was the thirteenth studio album in Mattea's career and her second album containing Christmas music. The album mixed both covers of Christmas tunes along with new material that featured writing credits from various songwriters. The disc made the American country albums chart and was received positively by critics following its release. Background Kathy Mattea was considered among country music's most commercially-successful and respected artists during the eighties and nineties. She had a series of top ten singles, along with four that topped the country charts in North America. She had most of her commercial success while recording for the Nashville label, Mercury/PolyGram. In 2002, she left her contract so she should explore other genres outside of country. That year, she signed with Narada Productions and released the studio album, Roses. It would be followed by Mattea's second studio album of Christmas material titled Joy for Christmas Day. Her first was 1993 studio album, Good News. Mattea had more songs she compiled and wanted to re-arrange, which resulted in the creation of her second Christmas collection. \"I really wanted to see what I could do creatively with it, and those were the songs I was drawn to,\" she told Country Music Television. Recording and content Joy for Christmas Day was recorded between 2001 and 2003. The production was held at five different studios: Bingham Bend Studios, EDS, High Horse Studios, Minnesota Man Studios and PlayGround studios. The project was co-produced by Mattea, along with Ed Cash. Mattea also did several of the arrangements on the album. The project contained a total of 11 tracks. Four of the album's tracks were covers of Christmas songs: \"Angels We Have Heard on High\", \"Hark! The Herald Angels Sing\", \"O Come All Ye Faithful\" and \"Christmas Collage\". Other songs were newer Holiday material, such as \"Baby King\", written by singer-songwriter Marc Cohn. \"And There's Still My Joy\", was co-written by singer and songwriter Melissa Manchester. \"All Because of Him\" was co-written by Mattea, along with Ed Cash, Bill Cooley and Suzy Willis. Release, chart performance and critical reception Joy for Christmas Day was released on September 30, 2003 by Narada Productions. It was Mattea's thirteenth studio album in her career and her second with Narada. It was originally issued as a compact disc. It would later be released digitally. The disc did not appear on the American Billboard until December 27, 2003. It spent one week there, reaching the number 69 position. Mattea celebrated the album's release by conducting a Christmas tour, which ran from October 2 through December 14, 2003. Joy for Christmas Day received a positive response from critics. Jonathan Widran gave it four out of five stars in his review, praising the album's unique mixing of arrangements and styles. \"The key to a strong holiday CD is finding clever new arrangements of the", "title": "Joy for Christmas Day" }, { "docid": "37808727", "text": "Christmas is the first Christmas album by American contemporary Christian music artist Francesca Battistelli. The album is her third release with Fervent Records, and her fourth album overall including her first independent release. The album was produced by Ian Eskelin, and was released on October 16, 2012. The album charted in the Top Five on the Billboard Holiday Albums chart and has received critical acclaim. Background Francesca Battistelli told CCM Magazines Caroline Lusk that \"I've always dreamed about making a Christmas album. It was a blast getting to write the songs, pick the standards and record them all last summer while I was eight months pregnant. Ha! It really was so much all around. Ian Eskelin, my producer, knocked it out of the park. The arrangements are exactly what I wanted them to be, and I'm so proud of how the record turned out.\" Furthermore, Battistelli stated that \"It's so hard to choose a favorite song from the album! Right now I'd say it's, 'Marshmallow World.' It's a more obscure classic, so a lot of people haven't heard it and I love to hear the reactions to such a fun Christmas song. My all-time favorite Christmas song is \"Breath of Heaven.\" It gives me chills every time.\" On marking Christmas tradition, Battistelli evoked how \"We will get to see all our loved ones this year and for that I'm so grateful! We are continuing the tradition of touring during the Christmas season and I'm going to try an advent calendar with our son and see how he does with it. I loved ours as a kid, and I think it will be a great way to talk about the meaning of Christmas all month long.\" Lastly, Battistelli touched on Mary the mother of Jesus, when she said \"It's really impossible for any of us to fully understand Mary's part in the Christmas story from her perspective, but as a mom, I have such deeper insight into how she must have felt than I did before. Did she know that her son was going to change the world? Did she know she would lose him? How much did God reveal to her heart? No matter how much she knew or didn't know, I am just so grateful that she said yes to God's call on her life. I can't wait to share Jesus with my kids!\" Critical reception Christian Music Zine's Joshua Andre said that \"this album aptly titled Christmas shines tall along with the rest of the strong candidates for Christmas album of the year; and deserves a spot on the CD case.\" In addition, Andre wrote that \"All in all, Francesca Battistelli has created a gem of an album in Christmas, and with a songwriting talent like Nichole Nordeman and Brooke Fraser, I have fallen in love with Francesca's honest and poignant songs, as I celebrate Jesus in the holiday season. Plenty of Christmas albums have released this year, from Jason Gray, Steven Curtis Chapman, Josh Wilson, and Lincoln", "title": "Christmas (Francesca Battistelli album)" }, { "docid": "33752852", "text": "\"Extraordinary Merry Christmas\" is the ninth episode and mid-season finale of the third season of the American musical television series Glee, and the fifty-third overall. Written by Marti Noxon and directed by Matthew Morrison (who played Will Schuester), the episode aired on Fox in the United States on December 13, 2011, and features the members of New Directions starring in a black-and-white Christmas television special that is presented within the episode itself. Of the nine songs featured during the episode, eight had been released a month prior on the series' Christmas Album Volume 2. The episode takes its name from the original song \"Extraordinary Merry Christmas\", written for Glee by the show's executive music producer Adam Anders, song producer Peer Åström, and Shelly Peiken. The remaining eight songs are covers, and all nine were released as singles. Reviewers generally praised the music in the episode. Although reviewers were polarized in their views of the episode as a whole, the special within the episode received mostly favorable comments, though the rest of the episode was deemed light on plot. Some aspects of the framing sequences were criticized, such as Rachel's excessive demands for Christmas presents despite the fact that she is Jewish. Upon its initial airing, this episode was viewed by 7.13 million American viewers and garnered a 3.0/8 Nielsen rating/share in the 18–49 demographic. The total viewership was up marginally from the previous episode, \"Hold On to Sixteen\". Plot Sue (Jane Lynch) recruits the glee club to sing at a homeless shelter where she will be volunteering to distract her from the first Christmas without her sister Jean, who died earlier in the year. Finn (Cory Monteith) tells Rachel (Lea Michele) that all he wants for Christmas is her. Rachel (Lea Michele) replies that he is also all she wants, but gives Finn (Cory Monteith) a long list of Christmas present suggestions. Her dialogue, \"All I want is what I have coming to me. All I want is my fair share\" is a verbatim homage to Sally's Christmas list scene with Charlie Brown in the Christmas classic, A Charlie Brown Christmas. Just as Charlie Brown is with Sally, Finn is appalled by how much Rachel wants, though she assures him that five of the items are enough. When she later hints that an early gift would not be amiss, he surprises her with the donation of a sow in her name to needy Africans. Rachel is unhappy, reminds Finn that she is a vegan, and recommends that he stick to her list to avoid embarrassment, while pointedly mentioning earrings. New Directions celebrates the holidays as Mercedes (Amber Riley) sings \"All I Want For Christmas Is You\". Rory (Damian McGinty) dedicates the song \"Blue Christmas\" to his family; this is his first Christmas away from them. Sam (Chord Overstreet) offers to take Rory home with him to show him a true American Christmas. Glee club director Will Schuester (Matthew Morrison) announces that New Directions has been asked to create a holiday", "title": "Extraordinary Merry Christmas" }, { "docid": "3175405", "text": "\"Everything She Wants\" is a song by British pop duo Wham!, originally released as a single in 1984 on Epic Records on a double A-side with \"Last Christmas\". It was written and produced by George Michael, a member of the duo, becoming their third consecutive million-selling number-one hit in the United States. Origin Writing Like most other Wham! songs from this period, it was written by George Michael. He discussed in the fall 1985 issue of ASCAP in Action: Michael elaborated on the song's lyrics and the meaning behind them in Dick Clark's Countdown radio show: Recording \"Everything She Wants\" was recorded in August 1984 at Marcadet Studios in Paris using a 3M 32-track recorder and was most likely finished off at Sarm West’s Studio 2 in London after most of Make It Big had been finished at Studio Miraval in southeastern France over a period of six weeks. The song was based around a mono 2-bar LinnDrum loop, originally intended as a guide but it was eventually kept on the finished record. Despite being credited as a Wham! track, it's also a departure in the sense that Michael recorded the track entirely by himself (with engineer Chris Porter in attendance), as opposed to the typical process of involving session musicians and Michael conveying his ideas to them. Apparently, the musicians involved in Make It Big had already flown back to the UK when Michael came around to recording the track en route from Studio Miraval, so it was partly out of necessity he worked on it himself. According to Porter, \"I think this was when George started to realise that if he wanted to, he could do everything himself. He could cut out all these other people and their ideas.\" This would pave way for \"Last Christmas\", which followed the same approach. Michael confirms: He added that both songs were all made on one synthesizer, referring to a Roland Juno-60. History Upon release, \"Last Christmas\" took the majority of the attention and airplay as it was appropriate in early December as Christmas approached. However, the presence of an equally-billed flip side meant that radio stations had something else to play once \"Last Christmas\" had lost its seasonal topicality. The presence of the Band Aid project meant that the double A-side peaked at number two in the UK Singles Chart, although in the process it became the biggest-selling record not to get to number one. However, in the USA, the song did reach number one on the Billboard Hot 100, and became the third number-one song in a row from 1984's Make It Big album. Wham! had two more number-one hits in the UK before splitting at their height in 1986. Cash Box said that the song is a \"probing R&B cut\" that is \"perfect dance floor material\". Although Michael bemoaned much of Wham!'s material as he began his solo career, \"Everything She Wants\" remained a song of which he was proud, and he continued to perform it in his", "title": "Everything She Wants" }, { "docid": "50690692", "text": "December is the second extended play (EP) by Australian singer and songwriter Reigan Derry. The EP was released through Sony Music Australia on 11 December 2015. The four-track EP contains reworked versions of classic Christmas Carols all recorded live and unrehearsed. In a statement, Derry said \"The songs I’ve chosen to cover are all between 100-200 years old. I wanted to pay respect to the original songs by keeping the melodies and lyrics the same but changing the structure, tempo and chords.\" adding \"My family are quite festive. We play Christmas music from 1 December until Boxing Day. I have so much Christmas music on my iTunes but I didn’t have any of the timeless carols! I wanted to open these songs up and share some of my favourites.\" Release and promotion On 3 December 2015, Derry announced the release of her \"special project\" via a video on her Twitter. The EP was released digitally on 11 December 2015. Derry performed \"Grace\" on The Morning Show on 11 December 2015. Review Sounds of Oz said; \"This isn’t the Christmas EP that you put on if you want a big family sing-a-long. It’s delicate and introspective. It’s for the quiet moments of reflection that often come at this time of year, as we face saying goodbye to one year and hello to the possibilities of the next. Reigan’s taken the bare bones of Christmas carols and traditional songs of worship and reinterpreted them beautifully, giving them new names and changing a word here or there to make them more modern. Her intimate take on “Amazing Grace,” simply called “Grace” is truly stunning. “We Three Kings” becomes “Star of Wonder,” a haunting, ethereal number. I must admit, I'm not familiar with the Lutheran carol “O Come O Come Emmanuel,” but the Middle Eastern vibe of her version, called “Rejoice,” is so musically interesting and moving. “Holly,” a version of “Deck the Halls,” is December's lightest moment. It brings the celebratory feel that most of us associate with Christmas to the EP. With her strumming her acoustic guitar and friends lending their vocals to the chorus, it feels like a family jam at Reigan's house. December isn't your traditional Christmas recording, but I think that's a good thing. There are so many Christmas recordings delivered schmaltz and sentimentality if that's what you want. This is a recording that showcases a real artist delivering so much more than predictable Christmas covers.\" Track listing Release history References 2015 EPs Reigan Derry albums Sony Music EPs Sony Music Australia albums Christmas albums by Australian artists", "title": "December (Reigan Derry EP)" }, { "docid": "1152058", "text": "Band Aid 20 was the 2004 incarnation of the charity supergroup Band Aid. The group, which included Daniel Bedingfield, Dido, Justin Hawkins of The Darkness, Thom Yorke and Jonny Greenwood of Radiohead, Chris Martin of Coldplay, Bono of U2, and Paul McCartney, re-recorded the 1984 song \"Do They Know It's Christmas?\", written by Band Aid organisers Bob Geldof and Midge Ure. Recording The song was recorded on 14 November 2004, to benefit Sudan's troubled Darfur region, and was released that same month. The single became the UK's biggest seller of 2004 as well as the Christmas number one. Bono and Paul McCartney were the only artists from the original Band Aid to lend their voices to Band Aid 20. There was a reported dispute over the line 'Well tonight thank God it's them, instead of you', which Bono sang on the original version. Justin Hawkins, of The Darkness, laid down a version of the line, as did Robbie Williams, but Bono insisted on re-recording his version, which was eventually used on the record. Travis lead singer Fran Healy, who played guitar on the recording, said, \"It's dead exciting. When [the 1984 version] was first recorded, I was 11 and I went everywhere looking for it and I couldn't find it, and now we're going to do the follow-up to it. It's going to be great, McCartney's doing it, Bono's going to sing his own line, [and] we're going to help out with some music, with Nigel Godrich, who produced the single. I really wanted to get Franz Ferdinand involved in it -- I think they're going to do it, although I haven't spoken to Midge Ure for about a week now.\" \"Midge did a thumbnail sketch of the original with new music on it,\" Healy continued. \"He's got the Darkness doing the guitars at the end, and he's changed the arrangement of it. He shipped that over to L.A. where Nigel was working with McCartney. If it turns out absolutely shit, it does not matter. What I will say is you've got to buy the record because it's the only record that's going to save lives this side of Christmas, and you can't ask for more than that.\" A special documentary titled Band Aid 20: Justice, Not Charity, which went behind-the-scenes of the new recording, was broadcast by BBC One on 6 December 2004. Release The Band Aid 20 single was first played simultaneously on The Chris Moyles Show (on BBC Radio 1) and the breakfast shows on Virgin Radio and Capital Radio, at 8 am on 16 November 2004. The music video was first broadcast in the UK simultaneously over multiple channels, including the five UK analogue terrestrial channels, at 5:55 pm on 18 November 2004, with an introduction by Madonna. One of the new ways to buy the song, by downloading it from the internet, hit a problem when Apple Computer's iTunes Music Store initially refused to supply it, due to their fixed-pricing policy. A partial solution was", "title": "Band Aid 20" }, { "docid": "3501567", "text": "\"Christmas Wrapping\" is a Christmas song by the American new wave band the Waitresses. First released on ZE Records' 1981 compilation album A Christmas Record, it later appeared on the band's 1982 EP I Could Rule the World If I Could Only Get the Parts and numerous other holiday compilation albums. It was written and produced by Chris Butler, with vocals by Patty Donahue. The song received positive reviews; AllMusic described it as \"one of the best holiday pop tunes ever recorded\". Writing In 1981, ZE Records asked each of its artists to record a Christmas song for a compilation album, A Christmas Record. The Waitresses were in the middle of a difficult tour and the Christmas song commission was \"the last thing we wanted\", Butler said later. Butler wrote the song that August, assembling it from assorted unused riffs. He finished the lyrics in a taxi on the way to the recording studio, Electric Lady Studios in Greenwich Village. Butler said the lyrics came from his hatred of Christmas: \"Everybody I knew in New York was running around like a bunch of fiends. It wasn't about joy. It was something to cope with.\" The bassist, Tracy Wormworth, was inspired by Bernard Edwards' bassline on the recently released \"Good Times\" by Chic. Written while hip hop music was beginning to gain prominence, \"Christmas Wrapping\" is \"almost rapped\" by Donahue. Its title, a pun on \"rapping\", alludes to the 1979 song \"Christmas Rappin'\" by Kurtis Blow. Butler said he also \"liked the idea of the word 'wrap,' like a wraparound, because the story is circular\". Lyrics \"Christmas Wrapping\" is told from the perspective of an unpartnered woman, who was determined not to participate in the exhausting holiday season after a year that was so busy, she has been unable to go on a date with an appealing gentleman she met months ago. Preparing to dine alone on Christmas Eve, she runs into the fellow in a grocery store, bringing \"the year to a very happy ending\". Release \"Christmas Wrapping\" was released as a single in the UK in 1981 on Island Records. It did not initially make the charts, but was reissued in 1982 and reached No. 45 on the UK Singles Chart that December. It remains the Waitresses' highest-charting single in the UK. Butler said the reception was a rejuvenating gift for the band: \"We do the Christmas song, forget about it and go back on the road. The next thing I know when calling back to New York is that it's all over the radio and much to our surprise it leaps over our heads and hits all the cities where we're heading and all of a sudden we're back on an upswing again.\" Legacy In 2005, Guardian journalist Dorian Lynskey called the song \"fizzing, funky dance-around-the-Christmas-tree music for Brooklyn hipsters\". In 2012, the Daily Telegraph writer Bernadette McNulty called it \"one of the most charming, insouciant festive songs ever\". The AllMusic reviewer Andy Hinds called it \"one of", "title": "Christmas Wrapping" }, { "docid": "20433138", "text": "\"It's the Most Wonderful Time of the Year\" is a popular Christmas song written in 1963 by Edward Pola and George Wyle. It was recorded and released that year by pop singer Andy Williams for his first Christmas album, The Andy Williams Christmas Album. However, the song was not released as a promotional single by Williams' record label (Columbia Records) that year, as they instead opted to promote his cover of \"White Christmas\" as the official promo single from the album. \"It's the Most Wonderful Time of the Year\" has consistently made it onto pop singles charts around the world in the 2010s and 2020s. It peaked at No. 5 on the US Billboard Hot 100 singles chart in 2020 and at No. 9 on the UK Singles Chart in 2021. History Song content The song is a celebration and description of activities associated with the Christmas season, focusing primarily on get-togethers between friends and families. Among the activities included in the song is the telling of \"scary ghost stories,\" a Victorian Christmas tradition that has mostly fallen into disuse, but survives in the seasonal popularity of numerous adaptations of Charles Dickens' A Christmas Carol. Other activities mentioned include hosting parties, spontaneous visits from friends, universal social gaiety, spending time with loved ones, sledding for children, roasting marshmallows, sharing stories about previous Christmases, and singing Christmas carols in winter weather. In a 2005 interview, Williams discusses how The Andy Williams Show figured into his recording of the song, first introduced in the 1962 Christmas episode: George Wyle, who is a vocal director, who wrote all of the choir stuff and all of the duets and trios and things that I did with all the guests, he wrote a song just for the show – I think the second Christmas show we did – called 'Most Wonderful Time of the Year'. So I did that, you know, every Christmas, and then other people started doing it. And then suddenly it's become – not suddenly but over 30 years – it's become a big standard. I think it's one of the top 10 Christmas songs of all time now. Although Williams recorded multiple other versions throughout his life, the original 1963 version remains the most popular and well-known. The song was selected as the theme song for Christmas Seals in 1968, 1976, 2009 and 2012. Other notable versions 1986: Johnny Mathis, for his album Christmas Eve with Johnny Mathis. This recording later made both the Billboard Holiday 100 and Holiday Airplay charts during the 2000s and 2010s. 1999: Garth Brooks, for his album Garth Brooks and the Magic of Christmas. Brooks also became the first artist to chart a version of the song in North America, as his remake peaked at No. 56 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart on the week ending January 8, 2000. 2003/2004: Andy Williams, in a shorter, more upbeat version for the 2004 film Surviving Christmas. 2008: Harry Connick Jr., for his album What", "title": "It's the Most Wonderful Time of the Year" }, { "docid": "2290823", "text": "What I Really Want for Christmas is the sixth studio album by Brian Wilson and his first solo seasonal release. It was released by Arista Records in October 2005 and features many traditional Christmas songs, as well some of Wilson's originals, including remakes of the Beach Boys' \"Little Saint Nick\" and \"The Man with All the Toys\". As a bonus, Wilson elected to include a sampling of seasonal recordings initially available on his website a few years earlier. Track listing All tracks traditional; except where indicated \"The Man with All the Toys\" (Brian Wilson, Mike Love) – 2:59 \"What I Really Want for Christmas\" (Wilson, Bernie Taupin) – 3:50 \"God Rest Ye Merry Gentlemen\" – 3:27 \"O Holy Night\" – 4:28 \"We Wish You a Merry Christmas\" – 2:36 \"Hark the Herald Angels Sing\" – 3:34 \"It Came Upon a Midnight Clear\" – 3:08 \"The First Noel\" – 4:47 \"Christmasey\" (Wilson, Jimmy Webb) – 4:08 \"Little Saint Nick\" (Wilson, Love) – 2:11 \"Deck the Halls\" – 2:36 \"Auld Lang Syne\" – 1:29 \"On Christmas Day\" (Wilson) – 3:23 \"Joy to the World\" – 2:06 \"Silent Night\" – 0:49 Tracks 13–15 are bonus tracks, 13 and 15 having originally appeared on Wilson's website during 2000 and 2001. Track 14 was co-produced by an uncredited Joe Thomas and originally released in October 1997 on an obscure Christmas compilation. Personnel Brian Wilson - Keyboards, Piano, Producer, Lead Vocals Additional Musicians Reception Critical reaction was mixed; Alexis Petridis of The Guardian newspaper gave it one star out of five and criticized it: \"What I Really Want For Christmas is the least fascinating album of Wilson's career, and may well be the least fascinating album of Christmas - which, given the seasonal presence of G4 in the charts, is not a phrase to bandy lightly. It features two new songs: Christmassy, which is appalling, and the title track, which is even worse.\" The album eventually peaked at #200 for one week on the Billboard 200 chart in the US, though \"Deck the Halls\" became a Top 10 Adult Contemporary hit. References External links Press release, Brian Wilson Wants Arista for the Holidays, brianwilson.com Credits von , AllMusic Brian Wilson albums 2005 Christmas albums Christmas albums by American artists Arista Records Christmas albums Albums produced by Brian Wilson Rock Christmas albums", "title": "What I Really Want for Christmas" }, { "docid": "5786139", "text": "December is the sixteenth and final studio album by the Moody Blues and their only Christmas album. Though they decided against recording any further albums following its release, the band continued to tour intermittently until 2018. Background In a November 2005 interview, bassist John Lodge explains the decision to record a Christmas album: \"The Christmas album came about because all of our albums are theme albums. And Christmas is one of the greatest themes for everyone. Another reason is because we thought it would be nice to show The Moody Blues' commitment to the holiday period.\" He further explains the inspiration for the songs on the album, as well as the choice of covers: \"Christmas is a focus point and it's interesting to be able to contribute our thoughts to that period — not just Christmas presents and parties, but how we relate to what's happening in the world today. And with the Lennon/Ono \"Happy Xmas (War Is Over)\", there was a statement we wanted to make.\" Lodge remembers the inspiration for his composition \"The Spirit of Christmas\": \"I leave guitars everywhere. In my office I have a Gibson Dove guitar, probably from 1962, which I love. I was in my office and the television was on and I saw all the fighting in the Middle East on the news and I thought, what a strange world that we live in. I turned the television off and picked up the guitar. Christmastime was coming and the first words out of my mouth were, 'Where did the spirit of Christmas go?' Within fifteen minutes, the entire song came out of me.\" It is their first studio album since The Magnificent Moodies in 1965 to feature cover songs in addition to original material. It is also their only album to be recorded and released following the departure of Ray Thomas. Track listing \"Don't Need a Reindeer\" (Justin Hayward) – 3:59 \"December Snow\" (Hayward) – 5:11 \"In the Quiet of Christmas Morning (Bach 147)\" (Bach, Hayward, John Lodge) – 2:51 \"On This Christmas Day\" (Lodge) – 3:40 \"Happy Xmas (War Is Over)\" (John Lennon, Yoko Ono) – 2:37 \"A Winter's Tale\" (Mike Batt, Tim Rice) – 4:28 \"The Spirit of Christmas\" (Lodge) – 4:52 \"Yes I Believe\" (Hayward) – 4:21 \"When a Child Is Born\" (Zacar, Fred Jay) – 3:34 \"White Christmas\" (Irving Berlin) – 3:08 \"In the Bleak Midwinter\" (Holst, Rossetti) – 3:21 Personnel Justin Hayward – vocals, guitar John Lodge – vocals, bass guitar Graeme Edge – drums, percussion Additional personnel Danilo Madonia – keyboards, sequencing, orchestration Norda Mullen – flute Charts References The Moody Blues albums 2003 Christmas albums Christmas albums by English artists Rock Christmas albums Universal Records albums Musical settings of poems by Christina Rossetti", "title": "December (The Moody Blues album)" }, { "docid": "52053395", "text": "The Gift of Christmas is a 2007 Christmas album by country pop singer Juice Newton. It was originally released by OJM Records on November 14, 2007. The album was Newton's last collaboration with Otha Young, her professional partner of over 30 years. Young died of cancer in 2009. Overview The Gift of Christmas was produced by Newton herself and recorded at a studio in La Cañada Flintridge, near Los Angeles, California. Among the 12 songs Newton recorded on the album were the old spiritual \"Go Tell It on the Mountain\", the English Christmas carol \"The First Noel\", and \"Auld Lang Syne\" from the poem by Robert Burns. She also performed the popular 1957 Bobby Helms tune \"Jingle Bell Rock\", the 1947 Leroy Anderson classic \"Sleigh Ride\", and Harry Belafonte's \"Mary's Boy Child\". One of the songs, \"For Believers\", was written by Otha Young and originally recorded by Newton for her 1983 album Dirty Looks. For this album Newton performed a special new rendition. In discussing the album Newton remarked: We didn't want the Christmas album to be melancholy, but we didn't want it to be all traditional either. It's Americana. I was a pop artist when I first started. I didn't cross over to country until my second album. That's why I think this album has a diverse feel to it. It's very eclectic. I love this Christmas record. It's cool for me. This is something I never could have done on a record label. Christmas albums aren't platinum or even gold sellers. Well, maybe after a while they are. But they don't debut at No. 1. So we went in and had a lot of fun with this record. And I think it shows. I'm a singer; I learned that your voice mellows with time. You don't usually stay a tenor if you're a man. My voice has darkened; it has more depth. And I figure when it quits, I'll quit. I don't like that fake-y thing. As long as it holds up, I'll keep performing. Newton did not have a major distributor at the time of the album's release so she sold it through her web site, her Myspace site and through CD Baby. The Gift of Christmas was subsequently released through iTunes in a \"deluxe edition\" with four additional songs. Two of these are non-Christmas songs with Newton singing duets with Willie Nelson. These two duets were originally released on Newton's 2010 album Duets: Friends & Memories. Track listing Original release Deluxe edition References 2007 Christmas albums Juice Newton albums Christmas albums by American artists Country Christmas albums", "title": "The Gift of Christmas (Juice Newton album)" }, { "docid": "13357204", "text": "Christmas with Patti Page - not to be confused with the 1965 Columbia Records album of the same name - is a Patti Page LP album, first issued by Mercury Records in 1951 as catalog number MG-25109, and later reissued and expanded with four additional tracks in 1955 as catalog number MG-20093. Later CD incarnations have been expanded with further bonus tracks culled from non-album singles, radio broadcasts, and television performances. Track listing Original 1951 Mercury LP (MG 25109) \"Jingle Bells\" – 2:26 \"Silent Night\" – 2:58 \"Christmas Choir\" – 2:44 \"The First Noel\" – 2:39 \"Christmas Bells\" – 2:34 \"White Christmas\" – 3:21 \"Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town\" – 2:43 \"The Christmas Song\" – 3:29 1955 Mercury LP (MG 20093) \"Jingle Bells\" – 2:26 \"Silent Night\" – 2:58 \"Christmas Choir\" – 2:44 \"The First Noel\" – 2:39 \"Christmas Bells\" – 2:34 \"White Christmas\" – 3:21 \"Santa Claus Is Coming to Town\" – 2:43 \"The Christmas Song\" – 3:29 \"Pretty Snowflakes\" – 2:15 \"I Want to Go Skating with Willie\" – 2:11 \"Where Did My Snowman Go\" – 2:33 \"The Mama Doll Song\" – 2:42 1995 PolyGram CD (528373) \"Jingle Bells\" – 2:26 \"Silent Night\" – 2:58 \"Christmas Choir\" – 2:44 \"The First Noel\" – 2:39 \"Christmas Bells\" – 2:34 \"White Christmas\" – 3:21 \"Santa Claus Is Coming to Town\" – 2:43 \"The Christmas Song\" – 3:29 \"Pretty Snowflakes\" – 2:15 \"I Want to Go Skating with Willie\" – 2:11 \"Where Did My Snowman Go\" – 2:33 \"The Mama Doll Song\" – 2:42 \"Boogie Woogie Santa Claus\" (Mercury Single, 1950) - 2:14 2013 Real Gone Music Deluxe Edition CD (RGM 0200) \"Jingle Bells\" – 2:26 \"Silent Night\" – 2:58 \"Christmas Choir\" – 2:44 \"The First Noel\" – 2:39 \"Christmas Bells\" – 2:34 \"White Christmas\" – 3:21 \"Santa Claus Is Coming to Town\" – 2:43 \"The Christmas Song\" – 3:29 \"Pretty Snowflakes\" – 2:15 \"I Want to Go Skating with Willie\" – 2:11 \"Where Did My Snowman Go\" – 2:33 \"The Mama Doll Song\" – 2:42 \"Boogie Woogie Santa Claus\" (Mercury Single, 1950) - 2:14 \"Little Donkey\" (Mercury Single, 1959) - 2:14 \"Home for the Holidays\" (from The Patti Page Show, 1955) - 1:36 \"Christmas Greeting from Patti\" (Radio Spot) - :09 \"The Christmas Song\" (from The Patti Page Show, 1955) - 2:13 \"Silent Night\" (from The Patti Page Show, 1955) - 2:08 Personnel Steven Fallone – Digital Remastering Bob Frank – Executive Producer Patti Page – Vocals Carmelo Roman – Art Direction References Patti Page albums 1955 Christmas albums Christmas albums by American artists Mercury Records albums Covers albums Pop Christmas albums", "title": "Christmas with Patti Page" }, { "docid": "9993659", "text": "All I Want for Christmas Is a Real Good Tan is the seventh studio album by American country music singer Kenny Chesney, released on October 7, 2003. The album was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for sales of over 500,000 copies in the United States. As of December 2016, the album has sold 922,900 copies in the United States . In addition to original tracks and tropical renditions of traditional Christmas music, the album features three covers. \"Christmas in Dixie\" was originally recorded by Alabama and features Alabama's lead singer, Randy Owen, as a duet partner. \"Thank God for Kids\" was previously recorded by The Oak Ridge Boys (and originally by Eddy Raven), while \"Pretty Paper\" was originally recorded by Willie Nelson. Chesney's rendition of \"Silent Night\" features his mother and her twin sister, who are credited as the Grigsby Twins. Track listing Personnel Wyatt Beard – background vocals Shannon Brown – background vocals Pat Buchanan – electric guitar Melonie Cannon – background vocals Mark Casstevens – ukulele Karen Chandler – background vocals Kenny Chesney – lead vocals Chip Davis – background vocals Grigsby Twins – vocals on \"Silent Night\" Tim Hensley – banjo, background vocals Wes Hightower – background vocals John Hobbs – Hammond organ, piano, synthesizer Nicholas Hoffman – fiddle, background vocals John Jorgenson – electric guitar, ukulele Paul Leim – cabasa, drums, percussion, shaker, timbales Randy McCormick – Hammond organ, piano, synthesizer, background vocals Liana Manis – background vocals The Nashville String Machine – strings Willie Nelson – vocals on \"Pretty Paper\" Paul Overstreet – background vocals Randy Owen – vocals on \"Christmas in Dixie\" Steve Patrick – trumpet Larry Paxton – bass guitar, upright bass, string arrangements Gary Prim – Wurlitzer Glen Rose – background vocals Shaun Silva – background vocals Allison Stewart – background vocals Kyle Stewart – background vocals Mark Tamburino – background vocals Kris Wilkinson – string arrangements John Willis – acoustic guitar, gut string guitar Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts Certifications References BNA Records albums Kenny Chesney albums Albums produced by Buddy Cannon Albums produced by Norro Wilson Christmas albums by American artists 2003 Christmas albums Country Christmas albums", "title": "All I Want for Christmas Is a Real Good Tan" }, { "docid": "55999988", "text": "Christmas is the fourth EP by English rock band Creeper. Released on 8 December 2017 by Roadrunner Records, it features cover versions of two popular Christmas songs – \"Fairytale of New York\", originally recorded by The Pogues, and \"Blue Christmas\", most famously recorded by Elvis Presley – as well as an original track called \"Same Time Next Year?\". The EP was preceded by the release of \"Fairytale of New York\" as a single on 1 December 2017. Background Creeper's Christmas EP was announced on 1 December 2017, with the band's recording of The Pogues' \"Fairytale of New York\" released on the same day. Speaking about the decision to cover the song, the band's frontman Will Gould explained that \"Ever since we were kids, Fairytale Of New York has always been our favourite Christmas song. Shane MacGowan and Kirsty MacColl trading insults in the lyrics and the overall sad tone of the song always appealed to us – we've wanted to cover it for some time.\" The EP was released on 8 December 2017 as a digital download and on streaming platforms. In a 2022 interview with the NME, Gould suggested that he regretted recording the Christmas EP. Talking about the potential release of new music, he stated: \"We can't be one of those bands that chucks out a song a week, because you end up with a load of rubbish. Your Spotify is basically your permanent record. I know I've got some blemishes on there – I did do that Christmas record – but for the most part, I only want things on there that I'm proud of, rather than shit I threw out because nothing else was happening.\" Track listing Personnel Will Gould – vocals, production Hannah Greenwood – keyboards, piano, penny whistle, vocals, production Ian Miles – guitars, keyboards, production Oliver Burdett – guitars, production Sean Scott – bass, production Dan Bratton – drums, percussion, production Ben Thackeray – engineering Rupert Christie – mixing Dick Beetham – mastering References External links 2017 EPs Christmas albums by English artists Creeper (band) albums Horror punk EPs Roadrunner Records EPs Rock Christmas albums Christmas EPs", "title": "Christmas (Creeper EP)" }, { "docid": "9114567", "text": "This is a comprehensive listing of official post-Idol releases by various contestants of the television show American Idol. All of the compilations and singles of the show as well as most of its contestants' singles and albums were released by 19 Recordings with Sony Music Entertainment (the general record company associated and affiliated with the Idol series in most countries through its RCA/Jive Label Group) from 2002–2010 and with Universal Music Group (through its Interscope-Geffen-A&M Label Group) from 2011 onwards. The first winner Kelly Clarkson remains the best-selling contestant worldwide with 25 million albums sold followed by fourth winner Carrie Underwood (best-selling contestant in the United States) with 15 million albums sold worldwide. By the end of 2009, contestants had a total of 257 number one singles in the Billboard charts and have sold over 66 million albums worldwide and 56 million singles in US alone Season 1 American Idol: Greatest Moments Kelly Clarkson \"Before Your Love\" / \"A Moment Like This\" Thankful \"Miss Independent\" \"Low\" \"The Trouble with Love Is\" Breakaway \"Breakaway\" \"Since U Been Gone\" \"Behind These Hazel Eyes\" \"Because of You\" \"Walk Away\" My December \"Never Again\" \"Sober\" \"One Minute\" \"Don't Waste Your Time\" \"Because of You\" All I Ever Wanted \"My Life Would Suck Without You\" \"I Do Not Hook Up\" \"Already Gone\" \"All I Ever Wanted\" \"Don't You Wanna Stay\" Stronger \"Mr. Know It All \"Stronger (What Doesn't Kill You)\" \"Dark Side\" \"I'll Be Home for Christmas\" Greatest Hits: Chapter One \"Catch My Breath\" \"Don't Rush\" \"People Like Us\" \"Tie It Up\" Wrapped in Red \"Underneath the Tree\" \"Wrapped in Red\" \"PrizeFighter\" Piece by Piece \"Heartbeat Song\" \"Invincible\" \"Piece by Piece\" \"Second Hand Heart \" \"Softly and Tenderly\" \"This Is For My Girls\" Meaning of Life \"Love So Soft\" / \"Move You\" \"I Don't Think About You\" \"Heat\" \"Christmas Eve\" \"Broken & Beautiful\" \"I Dream in Southern\" \"I Would've Loved You\" \"I Dare You\" \"Under the Mistletoe\" \"All I Want For Christmas Is You\" When Christmas Comes Around... \"Christmas Isn't Canceled (Just You)\" \"Glow\" \"Santa, Can't You Hear Me\" Kellyoke Chemistry \"Mine\" / \"Me\" \"Favorite Kind of High\" \"Lighthouse\" Justin Guarini The Midnight Voices Justin Guarini \"Unchained Melody\" \"Sorry\" Stranger Things Have Happened \"Did You Know That I Know Your Journey?\" \"Everlasting\" Revolve (EP) Nikki McKibbin Unleashed \"To Be with You\" \"The Lie\" \"Naked Inside\" \"Save What's Left of Me\" \"Cry Little Sister\" \"Here to There\" \"Inconsolable\" \"Made it\" (Featuring The League) Psychotrip (EP) ( with Love Stricken Demise) \"Celebrity High\" Tamyra Gray The Dreamer \"Raindrops Will Fall\" RJ Helton Real Life \"Even If\" \"My Devotion\" Ryan Starr \"My Religion\" \"Love Gone Bad\" \"Stranded\" \"7am\" \"Eyes of a Child\" \"Blue\" \"Broken\" AJ Gil \"She's Hot\" Love Me Later Life, Death & Resurrection \"I Live\" Jim Verraros Unsaid and Understood Rollercoaster \"You Turn It On\" \"I Want You\" \"You're Getting Crazy\" \"Outside\" \"Welcome to Hollywood\" Do Not Disturb \"Touch (Don't U Want 2)\" \"Electric Love\" \"Do Not Disturb\" Season 2 American Idol Season 2: All-Time Classic", "title": "American Idol contestants discography" }, { "docid": "65400078", "text": "Christmas Drag is the second extended play from the American musical duo I Dont Know How But They Found Me. It was released through Fearless Records on November 15, 2019. Background and recording In 2007, Dallon Weekes wrote the song \"Christmas Drag\" and recorded it with his band the Brobecks onto an 8-track cartridge. It would later be re-recorded for I Dont Know How But They Found Me by Weekes in mid-2019, stating \"I’ve always been a sucker for Christmas music, and this was one of the first Christmas songs I ever wrote for myself\". The second song on the EP is a cover of Slade's \"Merry Christmas Everybody\", which Weekes discovered through the television series Doctor Who. While discussing the original song, Weekes stated \"it's a crime that it isn’t as popular in the States. It's a fantastic song\". The band intended to additionally create a cover of David Bowie and Bing Crosby's \"Peace on Earth/Little Drummer Boy\", but wasn't finished due to a failure to schedule a collaboration with Puddles Pity Party. Specifically for the Christmas Drag EP, Weekes wrote the song \"Oh Noel\" with Nate Pifer. The song was recorded in one take by Weekes and Stuart Maxfield, with the former recalling the moment: \"After we did the first pass, the engineer asked us if we wanted another take. We looked at each other and said no at the same time\". In an interview with Alternative Press, Weekes described the song's meaning, stating \"a lot of people seem to have or at least come across, at some point in their life, people on a more troubled path than they are. That's what [\"Oh Noel\"] ended up being about\". Music videos A music video was released for each song on Christmas Drag, beginning with a video for \"Merry Christmas Everybody\" on November 18, 2019. In the video, Weekes sings while drummer Ryan Seaman lies motionless in a chair with various people setting up Christmas decorations behind them. A music video for \"Oh Noel\" was released on November 29, 2019, with Weekes singing the song alone in front of a fireplace with a bottle of alcohol. The final video released on December 2, 2019, with Weekes singing \"Christmas Drag\" while Seaman decorates him with Christmas-themed items. All three videos were directed by Weekes and filmed in a singular take each with a still shot. Weekes used a \"30-plus-year-old VHS camera\" for filming and passed it off to an engineer for digital transfer. Track listing Personnel Credits adapted from Tidal. I Dont Know How But They Found Me Dallon Weekes – lead vocals, piano, production, recording producer (all tracks), bass (1) Ryan Seaman – drums (1, 2), vocals (2) Additional personnel Jed Jones – recording engineer Stuart Maxfield – guitar (1), vocals (2), piano (3) Ted Merritt – bass (2) Walter Hamen – cello (2) Emily Barrett Brown – viola (2) John Shin – violin (2) Rebecca Moench – violin (2) Skyler Patzer – piano (3) References 2019 EPs I", "title": "Christmas Drag" }, { "docid": "49849549", "text": "\"Fix My Eyes\" is the first single by Australian Christian alternative rock duo For King & Country on their second studio album titled Run Wild. Live Free. Love Strong. It was released on 1 May 2014. The song reached No. 3 on the Christian Songs chart, No. 1 on the Christian Airplay chart, No. 38 on the Adult Top 40 chart. This is the first song by the duo to ever reach No. 1 on a chart. Background \"Fix My Eyes\" was released as the first single off of the duo's second studio album, titled Run Wild. Live Free. Love Strong. Luke Smallbone commented the following about the song:Before our second album we did an EP, a Christmas EP, and on that album we did a song called “Little Drummer Boy.” When we did that song we also did Christmas tours and Christmas shows, and the intro to the whole show was “Little Drummer Boy.” It was so cool, but the issue was, once Christmas was done, we didn’t have an intro for our show! So we started writing an intro, went into the studio saying, “we need an intro for our show, and we want it to be kind of like this other intro we had.” “Fix My Eyes” was birthed out of kind of a whole other song idea that was a Christmas song, and that’s how we got the feel and the rhythm and the tempo for the song – we wanted it to be the beginning of our show. We asked ourselves some questions: who do we want to be? who are we as a band? what is most important? what is still more important than our careers? and we really came down to the fact that fixing our eyes on heaven is the most important thing that we can do despite all of these other good things. And that list really is in the song. It’s “love like we’re not scared, give when it’s not fair, take time for a brother”, you know all those things, we realize above everything, for us, the most important thing is to fix our eyes on heaven. Composition \"Fix My Eyes\" is originally in the key of C major, with a tempo of 100 Beats Per Minute. Commercial performance \"Fix My Eyes\" reached No. 3 on the Christian Songs chart, which then tied with Busted Heart (Hold On to Me) for their highest ranking song on the chart. The song reached No. 1 on the Christian Airplay chart, becoming the duo's first song to ever reach the mark. The song reached No. 38 on the Adult Top 40 chart. Certifications References For King & Country (band) songs 2014 singles Word Records singles Songs written by Seth Mosley Songs written by Joel Smallbone", "title": "Fix My Eyes" }, { "docid": "49282746", "text": "Christmas: A Ghostly Gathering is the eighteenth album by the gothic horror instrumental band, Midnight Syndicate. The album features a mix of re-imagined Christmas carols and original compositions in a style similar to the band's other gothic, paranormal, and Halloween-themed releases. Midnight Syndicate founder and composer, Edward Douglas, said it's one of his favorite albums they've ever created. Background and album information In an interview with InPark Magazine a year after the album's release, composer, Edward Douglas said this: A Christmas album with a Midnight Syndicate twist is something we’d wanted to do for years. The traditions of Christmas as celebrated around the world are seeped in the supernatural and in folk tales passed down from generation to generation. Those stories and traditions were a tremendous source of inspiration for the music on this album. Additionally, the haunting quality to some of the older carols lent themselves well to what we wanted to do. It was extremely important to both Gavin and myself that we be very respectful of the music and the traditions of holidays. I like to think of this album as hauntingly beautiful as opposed to very dark. We have some fun taking a few uptempo tracks down a creepier path but it’s all done carefully so as not to go too far. I think that is one of the reasons this album has appealed to so many different people. In an interview with Gothic Beauty, Gavin Goszka said the band wanted to do more than take Christmas songs and \"redo them in minor keys\", adding many of the songs were completely re-imagined and that the band's musical palette had never been more varied. The album included four original tracks: Night of the Krampus, Little Helpers, Winter Storm, and Christmas at Midnight. The track, Little Helpers featured vocal artist, Dennis Carter Jr., who previously portrayed, Laughing Denny in the band's Carnival Arcane album. The album artwork was created by French illustrator and matte painter, Pascal Casolari. Reception Aaron Von Lupton of the horror magazine, Rue Morgue, called the album's darkness \"more subtle and genuine\" than he typically saw when horror was mixed with a Christmas setting, adding that the holiday music was \"redone with Midnight Syndicate's unique stamp, reflecting beauty, fantasy, and the supernatural.\" On his America's Most Haunted website, Blogcritics founder, Eric Olsen praised the album's roots in the Victorian era tradition of telling ghost stories during Christmas. Justin Dark of the horror website, Dread Central called the album \"a creepy and dark tribute to (Christmas)\" and a \"masterful collection of holiday spooky,\" while lamenting that some of the original songs got lost in their new \"comprehensive\" rearrangements. Several horror blog sites like Mr. Fright's and Gross Movie Reviews as well as haunted house-related YouTuber page, DEAD with Dave, praised the album's appeal to fans of horror while Sue Granquist of the fantasy and role-playing game-related online publication, Black Gate Magazine, called the album \"charmingly haunting.\" While giving the album a \"7 out of 10,\" Outburn", "title": "Christmas: A Ghostly Gathering" }, { "docid": "34268974", "text": "Being Eileen is a BBC comedy-drama which began as a six-part series on 4 February and ended on 11 March 2013. It began as a one-off Christmas special titled Lapland, broadcast in the United Kingdom on BBC One on 24 December 2011. A full series was later announced, with the title Being Eileen, consisting of six 30 minute episodes, due to the success of the single episode, which was viewed by 6.9 million viewers upon its original airing. The series also aired on BBC Two as part of Sign Zone, which features sign language throughout. The series was released on DVD on 1 April 2013. The series, written by Michael Wynne, features an ensemble cast. Headed by Sue Johnston, who plays Eileen Lewis, the programme focusses on her, the widowed matriarch of a \"large, close-knit and dysfunctional Northern family\". The single episode focused on the family's visit to Lapland, whilst the series focusses on their life in Birkenhead. Elizabeth Berrington and Stephen Graham (later recast to Dean Andrews) play Eileen's children, whilst William Ash and Julie Graham play their partners. All the cast - Johnston, Berrington, Ash, Julie Graham and Keith Barron- a love interest for Eileen - returned for the series, with the exception of Stephen Graham and Zawe Ashton, who played Jingle Jill. Production Michael Wynne wrote the first script for Lapland. He said in an interview, \"I just went on a day trip, which was pretty hardcore. It was a three-hour trip there and back. I went a couple of weeks before Christmas, and it was stressful enough then\". The kind of pressure that would build when it's actually Christmas and everyone wants it to be perfect is just a gift to write about. I thought it would be good if a big, messy family like my own went away\". When the cast and crew arrived on location in Norway, Wynne said that they had to do \"a bit of rewriting\" due to there being no snow falling whilst they were filming, to which he said, \"They're not really looking for snow. And they get to make jokes about climate change and it all looking like Aberystwyth\". The episode was originally supposed to last 90 minutes, but was cut down to 75. Although set in Lapland, the scenes were filmed in Norway. Sue Johnston said, \"We flew to Tromsø and then travelled an hour north and stayed on an army barracks\". Producer Rosemary McGowan said, \"Michael Wynne has skilfully brought to life one ordinary family's chaotic experience of Christmas in a way that will have people all over the country chuckling in recognition. Funny, warm but also moving\". Johnston teased the series, \"Stephen Graham plays my son and his wife (Julie Graham) has some killer funny lines. She doesn’t want to be there at all and her kids are very, very naughty. Then there's my daughter and her husband, who's a boring know-it-all who keeps going on about seeing The Northern Lights, plus their two children who", "title": "Being Eileen" } ]	[ "Mariah Carey" ]
train_7055	what phrase is repeated both in the fifth and fourteenth amendment	[ { "docid": "629693", "text": "A Due Process Clause is found in both the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution, which prohibit the deprivation of \"life, liberty, or property\" by the federal and state governments, respectively, without due process of law. The U.S. Supreme Court interprets these clauses to guarantee a variety of protections: procedural due process (in civil and criminal proceedings); substantive due process (a guarantee of some fundamental rights); a prohibition against vague laws; incorporation of the Bill of Rights to state governments; and equal protection under the laws of the federal government. Text The clause in the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution provides: The clause in Section One of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution provides: Background Clause 39 of Magna Carta provided: The phrase \"due process of law\" first appeared in a statutory rendition of the Magna Carta in 1354 during the reign of Edward III of England, as follows: Drafting New York was the only state that asked Congress to add \"due process\" language to the U.S. Constitution. New York ratified the U.S. Constitution and proposed the following amendment in 1788: In response to this proposal from New York, James Madison drafted a due process clause for Congress. Madison cut out some language and inserted the word without, which had not been proposed by New York. Congress then adopted the exact wording that Madison proposed after Madison explained that the due process clause would not be sufficient to protect various other rights: Interpretation Scope The Supreme Court has interpreted the Due Process Clauses in the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendment identically, as Justice Felix Frankfurter once explained in a concurring opinion: In 1855, the Supreme Court explained that, to ascertain whether a process is due process, the first step is to \"examine the constitution itself, to see whether this process be in conflict with any of its provisions\". In the same 1855 case, the Supreme Court said, In the 1884 case of Hurtado v. California, the Court said: Due process also applies to the creation of taxing districts, as taxation is a deprivation of property. Due process typically requires public hearings prior to the creation of a taxing district. \"State\" Due process applies to U.S. territories, although they are not States. \"Person\" The Due Process Clauses apply to both natural persons, including citizens and non-citizens, as well as to \"legal persons\" (that is, corporate personhood). The Fifth Amendment's Due Process Clause was first applied to corporations in 1893 by the Supreme Court in Noble v. Union River Logging R. Co. Noble was preceded by Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad in 1886. The Due Process Clauses apply to non-citizens within the United States – no matter whether their presence may be or is \"unlawful, involuntary or transitory\" – although the U.S. Supreme Court has recognized that non-citizens can be stopped, detained, and denied past immigration officials at points of entry (e.g. at a port or airport) without the protection of the Due Process", "title": "Due Process Clause" }, { "docid": "1577336", "text": "Adamson v. California, 332 U.S. 46 (1947), was a United States Supreme Court case regarding the incorporation of the Fifth Amendment of the Bill of Rights. Its decision is part of a long line of cases that eventually led to the Selective Incorporation Doctrine. Background In Adamson v. California, Admiral Dewey Adamson (his given name, not a military rank) was charged with first-degree murder but chose not to testify on his own behalf because he knew the prosecutor would impeach him with questions about his prior criminal record. The prosecutor then argued that refusal to testify could be seen as an admission of guilt under a California statute that allowed the jury to infer guilt in such cases. On appeal, however, Adamson's attorney Morris Lavine argued that Adamson's freedom against self-incrimination guaranteed by the Fifth Amendment had been violated. He argued that because the prosecutor had drawn attention to Adamson's refusal to testify, his freedom against self-incrimination had been violated. Decision In the majority opinion written by Justice Stanley Forman Reed, the Supreme Court found that while Adamson's rights may have been violated had the case been tried in federal court, the rights guaranteed under the Fifth Amendment did not extend to state courts based on the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Justice Reed stated succinctly, \"It is settled law that the clause of the Fifth Amendment, protecting a person against being compelled to be a witness against himself, is not made effective by the Fourteenth Amendment as a protection against state action on the ground that freedom from testimonial compulsion is a right of national citizenship....\" Justice Reed based his decision, in part, on the Court's 1937 decision in Palko v. Connecticut in which the Court found that the Fifth Amendment's protection against double jeopardy did not apply to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment and the Court's 1908 decision in Twining v. New Jersey. Frankfurter's concurrence Justice Felix Frankfurter wrote a concurrence, arguing that incorporation of the Bill of Rights by the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment would \"tear up by the roots much of the fabric of law in the several States, and would deprive the States of opportunity for reforms in legal process designed for extending the area of freedom.\" He ended, \"It seems pretty late in the day to suggest that a phrase so laden with historic meaning should be given an improvised content consisting of some but not all of the provisions of the first eight Amendments, selected on an undefined basis, with improvisation of content for the provisions so selected.\" This assertion would not carry the day, however. It was later rebuffed by a whole line of cases that incorporated many of the provisions of the first eight amendments of the Bill of Rights. Black's dissent Justice Hugo Black, however, strongly opposed the decision and wrote a lengthy dissenting opinion, in which he argued for the incorporation of the first eight amendments of the Bill of Rights. Specifically, Black", "title": "Adamson v. California" }, { "docid": "4163714", "text": "Twining v. New Jersey, 211 U.S. 78 (1908), was a case of the U.S. Supreme Court. In this case, the Court established the Incorporation Doctrine by concluding that while certain rights enumerated in the Bill of Rights might apply to the states under the Fourteenth Amendment's Due Process Clause, the Fifth Amendment's right against self-incrimination is not incorporated. The Twining decision was overturned by the decision in Malloy v. Hogan in 1964, in which the Court incorporated the right against self-incrimination. Background The case involved two men charged with fraud in New Jersey who claimed Fifth Amendment protection and refused to testify during their trial. The jury was told of the men's refusal to testify, and they were convicted. They appealed, arguing that the instructions to the jury violated their Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination. Majority decision The Supreme Court used the case to decide whether the Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination was valid during trials in state courts, not just in federal courts. Before the adoption of the Fourteenth Amendment, the Bill of Rights, including the Fifth Amendment, did not apply to state courts. The Court did not reach the question of whether the defendants' Fifth Amendment rights were actually violated in the original trial. The majority opinion was delivered by Justice William Henry Moody. Justice John Marshall Harlan was the lone dissenter. Moody considered both the Privileges or Immunities Clause and the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment: \"The general question, therefore, is whether such a law violates the Fourteenth Amendment either by abridging the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States or by depriving persons of their life, liberty or property without due process of law.\" Privileges or immunities The court cited the decision in the Slaughter-House Cases that the language in the Fourteenth Amendment (\"No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States...\") did not curtail state power. The Supreme Court decided 8-1 that the Fifth Amendment against self-incrimination applied only to federal court cases. Selective incorporation The case provides an early explanation of the doctrine of selective incorporation: only a portion of the Bill of Rights is applied to the states by incorporation, under the Fourteenth Amendment's Due Process Clause: The court concluded that exemption from self-incrimination was not necessary for a conception of due process. Dissent Justice Harlan was the lone dissenter, writing firstly that the Court should have decided whether the defendants' rights were actually violated before reaching the \"question of vast moment, one of such transcendent importance\" of whether the Fifth Amendment applied to state courts and if the Fifth Amendment applied to state courts by the Due Process Clause. Aftermath Upheld in 1947 The Twining decision was revisited and upheld in Adamson v. California (1947) in which the merits of Twining were of central consideration. Concurring with the majority, Justice Frankfurter wrote: However, Justice Hugo Black disagreed and attacked Twining for giving too much power to", "title": "Twining v. New Jersey" }, { "docid": "950939", "text": "The Equal Protection Clause is part of the first section of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The clause, which took effect in 1868, provides \"nor shall any State... deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.\" It mandates that individuals in similar situations be treated equally by the law. A primary motivation for this clause was to validate the equality provisions contained in the Civil Rights Act of 1866, which guaranteed that all citizens would have the guaranteed right to equal protection by law. As a whole, the Fourteenth Amendment marked a large shift in American constitutionalism, by applying substantially more constitutional restrictions against the states than had applied before the Civil War. The meaning of the Equal Protection Clause has been the subject of much debate, and inspired the well-known phrase \"Equal Justice Under Law\". This clause was the basis for Brown v. Board of Education (1954), the Supreme Court decision that helped to dismantle racial segregation. The clause has also been the basis for Obergefell v. Hodges which legalized same-sex marriages, along with many other decisions rejecting discrimination against, and bigotry towards, people belonging to various groups. While the Equal Protection Clause itself applies only to state and local governments, the Supreme Court held in Bolling v. Sharpe (1954) that the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment nonetheless requires equal protection under the laws of the federal government via reverse incorporation. Text The Equal Protection Clause is located at the end of Section 1 of the Fourteenth Amendment: Background Though equality under the law is an American legal tradition arguably dating to the Declaration of Independence, formal equality for many groups remained elusive. Before passage of the Reconstruction Amendments, which included the Equal Protection Clause, American law did not extend constitutional rights to black Americans. Black people were considered inferior to white Americans, and subject to chattel slavery in the slave states until the Emancipation Proclamation and the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment. Even black Americans that were not enslaved lacked many crucial legal protections. In the 1857 Dred Scott v. Sandford decision, the Supreme Court rejected abolitionism and determined black men, whether free or in bondage, had no legal rights under the U.S. Constitution at the time. Currently, a plurality of historians believe that this judicial decision set the United States on the path to the Civil War, which led to the ratifications of the Reconstruction Amendments. Before and during the Civil War, the Southern states prohibited speech of pro-Union citizens, anti-slavery advocates, and northerners in general, since the Bill of Rights did not apply to the states during such times. During the Civil War, many of the Southern states stripped the state citizenship of many whites and banished them from their state, effectively seizing their property. Shortly after the Union victory in the American Civil War, the Thirteenth Amendment was proposed by Congress and ratified by the states in 1865, abolishing slavery. Subsequently, many ex-Confederate states then", "title": "Equal Protection Clause" }, { "docid": "13575603", "text": "The Fifth Amendment (Amendment V) to the United States Constitution creates several constitutional rights, limiting governmental powers focusing on criminal procedures. It was ratified, along with nine other articles, in 1791 as part of the Bill of Rights. The Supreme Court has extended most, but not all, rights of the Fifth Amendment to the state and local levels. The Court furthered most protections of this amendment through the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. One provision of the Fifth Amendment requires that most felonies be tried only upon indictment by a grand jury, which the Court ruled does not apply to the state level. Another provision, the Double Jeopardy Clause, provides the right of defendants to be tried only once in federal court for the same offense. The Self-Incrimination clause provides various protections against self-incrimination, including the right of an individual not to serve as a witness in a criminal case in which he or she is a defendant. \"Pleading the Fifth\" is a colloquial term often used to invoke the Self-Incrimination Clause when witnesses decline to answer questions where the answers might incriminate them. In the 1966 landmark case Miranda v. Arizona, the Supreme Court held that the Self-Incrimination Clause requires the police to issue a Miranda warning to criminal suspects interrogated while in police custody. The Fifth Amendment also contains the Takings Clause, which allows the federal government to take private property for public use if the government provides \"just compensation\". Like the Fourteenth Amendment, the Fifth Amendment includes a due process clause stating that no person shall \"be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law\". The Fifth Amendment's Due Process Clause applies to the federal government, while the Fourteenth Amendment's Due Process Clause applies to state governments. The Supreme Court has interpreted the Fifth Amendment's Due Process Clause to provide two main protections: procedural due process, which requires government officials to follow fair procedures before depriving a person of life, liberty, or property, and substantive due process, which protects certain fundamental rights from government interference. The Supreme Court has also held that the Due Process Clause contains a prohibition against vague laws and an implied equal protection requirement similar to the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause. Text The amendment as proposed by Congress in 1789: Background before adoption On June 8, 1789, Congressman James Madison introduced several proposed constitutional amendments during a speech to the House of Representatives. His draft language that later became the Fifth Amendment was as follows: No person shall be subject, except in cases of impeachment, to more than one punishment or trial for the same offense; nor shall be compelled to be a witness against himself; nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor be obliged to relinquish his property, where it may be necessary for public use, without just compensation....[E]xcept in cases of impeachments, and cases arising in the land or naval forces, or the militia when on actual service,", "title": "Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution" }, { "docid": "4909168", "text": "Shocks the conscience is a phrase used as a legal standard in the United States and Canada. An action is understood to \"shock the conscience\" if it is \"grossly unjust to the observer.\" United States In US law, the phrase typically describes whether or not the due process requirement of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution has been met. The term originally entered into case law with Rochin v. California (1953). This balancing test is often cited as having subsequently been used in a particularly subjective manner. The term is also used in some jurisdictions as a means to determine whether a jury award is out of line with the underlying civil wrong; a jury award can be overturned on appeal if, by its amount relative to the underlying civil wrong, it \"shocks the conscience\". \"Shock the conscience\" has also been used as a constitutional standard in discussing the issue of whether or not detainees can be tortured. Canada In Canada the phrase was adopted in the case Canada v. Schmidt (1987) to determine whether extradition would be a breach of fundamental justice under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. A court may look at the justice system of another country, and disregarding \"finicky\" requirements of fundamental justice in Canada, may consider some potential punishments in other countries to be so outrageous that a person should not be put at risk by the extraditing government. The measure was used in United States v. Burns (2001) to find that the possibility of execution would shock the conscience. Critics such as Professor Peter Hogg have suggested that the use of this measure indicates courts have \"enormous discretion,\" and he argues this is demonstrated by inconsistencies between what is considered shocking and what is considered cruel and unusual punishment. References Further reading Shocking the Eighth Amendment's Conscience: Applying a Substantive Due Process Test to the Evolving Cruel and Unusual Punishments Clause (University of California, 2016) Legal terminology Legal tests", "title": "Shocks the conscience" }, { "docid": "13606276", "text": "Wainwright v. Greenfield, 474 U.S. 284 (1986), is a case in which the United States Supreme Court reversed the lower court's finding and overturned the petitioner's conviction, on the grounds that it was fundamentally unfair for the prosecutor to comment during the court proceedings on the petitioner's silence invoked as a result of a Miranda warning. Background After his arrest in Florida for sexual battery, Greenfield was given three separate Miranda warnings. Each time, he exercised his right to remain silent and requested to speak with an attorney before answering questions. At his trial in the Circuit Court for Sarasota County, the respondent pleaded not guilty by reason of insanity. During closing arguments in the Florida trial court, the prosecutor reviewed the police officer's testimony, over defense counsel's objection, arguing that Greenfield's silence after receiving Miranda warnings was evidence of his sanity. The testimony described the occasions when respondent had exercised his right to remain silent. The prosecutor suggested that respondent's repeated refusals to answer questions without first consulting an attorney \"demonstrated a degree of comprehension that was inconsistent with his claim of insanity\". Greenfield then unsuccessfully sought habeas corpus relief in Federal District Court, by suing the Florida Department of Corrections and its secretary, Louie L. Wainwright, arguing that the prosecutor's use of his silence violated the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment as construed in Doyle v. Ohio (1976). The court affirmed the conviction, holding that the general rule precluding a prosecutor from commenting on a defendant's exercise of his right to remain silent did not apply to a case in which an insanity plea was filed. Decision The Court held that the prosecutor's use of respondent's post-arrest, post-Miranda warnings silence as evidence of sanity violated the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. See also List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 474 Footnotes Further reading External links United States Supreme Court cases United States Supreme Court cases of the Burger Court United States Fifth Amendment self-incrimination case law 1986 in United States case law Sarasota County, Florida", "title": "Wainwright v. Greenfield" }, { "docid": "1301909", "text": "In United States constitutional law, incorporation is the doctrine by which portions of the Bill of Rights have been made applicable to the states. When the Bill of Rights was ratified, the courts held that its protections extended only to the actions of the federal government and that the Bill of Rights did not place limitations on the authority of the state and local governments. However, the post–Civil War era, beginning in 1865 with the Thirteenth Amendment, which declared the abolition of slavery, gave rise to the incorporation of other amendments, applying more rights to the states and people over time. Gradually, various portions of the Bill of Rights have been held to be applicable to state and local governments by incorporation via the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of 1868. Prior to the ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment and the development of the incorporation doctrine, the Supreme Court in 1833 held in Barron v. Baltimore that the Bill of Rights applied only to the federal, but not any state, governments. Even years after the ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment, the Supreme Court in United States v. Cruikshank (1876) still held that the First and Second Amendment did not apply to state governments. However, beginning in the 1920s, a series of Supreme Court decisions interpreted the Fourteenth Amendment to \"incorporate\" most portions of the Bill of Rights, making these portions, for the first time, enforceable against the state governments. History Background The United States Bill of Rights is the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. Proposed following the oftentimes bitter 1787–88 battle over ratification of the United States Constitution, and crafted to address the objections raised by Anti-Federalists, the Bill of Rights amendments add to the Constitution specific guarantees of personal freedoms and rights, clear limitations on the government's power in judicial and other proceedings, and explicit declarations that all powers not specifically delegated to Congress by the Constitution are reserved for the states or the people. The concepts enumerated in these amendments are built upon those found in several earlier documents, including the Virginia Declaration of Rights and the English Bill of Rights 1689, along with earlier documents such as Magna Carta (1215). Although James Madison's proposed amendments included a provision to extend the protection of some of the Bill of Rights to the states, the amendments that were finally submitted for ratification applied only to the federal government. In the 1833 case of Barron v. Baltimore, the Supreme Court of the United States held that the Bill of Rights did not apply to state governments; such protections were instead provided by the constitutions of each state. After the Civil War, Congress and the states ratified the Fourteenth Amendment, which included the Due Process Clause and the Privileges or Immunities Clause. While the Fifth Amendment had included a due process clause, the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment crucially differed from the Fifth Amendment in that it explicitly applied to the states. The Privileges", "title": "Incorporation of the Bill of Rights" }, { "docid": "17097017", "text": "Roberts v. United States Jaycees, 468 U.S. 609 (1984), was a decision of the Supreme Court of the United States overturning the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit's application of a Minnesota antidiscrimination law. The case established what was at the time the prevailing framework for analyzing claims of associative freedom, holding that the Minneapolis branch of the United States Jaycees could not bar women from becoming voting members. Background At the time the case was decided, regular membership in the United States Jaycees was available only to men aged 18 to 35. Women and older men could only join the group as associate members, who could not vote in the group or hold national offices, among other things. When Jaycee charters in Minnesota began admitting women, the national organization threatened to revoke their charter. The Minnesota charters responded by filing charges with the Minnesota Department of Human Rights, saying the Minnesota Human Rights Act required the local charters to accept women. The state agency ruled that the Jaycees qualified as a \"place of public accommodation\" for the law's purposes, meaning they had to accept women and the national charter could not retaliate against the local charters for doing so. The Minnesota Supreme Court agreed, upholding the agency's decision. The Jaycees next took their claim to the United States District Court for the District of Minnesota, arguing that the Minnesota Supreme Court's interpretation of the phrase \"place of public accommodation\" was vague and overbroad. The District Court affirmed the Minnesota Supreme Court's decision. The United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit reversed the District Court. The Eighth Circuit held that the Jaycees could select their members because the Jaycees advocated public causes, bringing their right to select their membership under the First Amendment's protection. Court's decision Justice Brennan's majority opinion Writing for the Majority, Justice Brennan reversed the Eighth Circuit, concluding that the requirement that the Jaycees accept women as regular members did not unduly tread on male members' freedom of association. Justice Brennan first explained that there are two protected freedoms of association: Freedom of intimate association, which is a component of the Fourteenth Amendment's guarantee of substantive due process, and freedom of expressive association, covered under the First Amendment. The Court concluded that the Fourteenth Amendment's guarantee of intimate association does not apply to the Jaycees because they are not a sufficiently intimate group. The Court held that this guarantee - which protects, among other things, the right to marriage, childbirth, and cohabitation with one's relatives - does not extend to the Jaycees because local chapters of the Jaycees are \"large and basically unselective groups.\" The Court next held that the First Amendment's protection of expressive association also does not apply to the Jaycees. The First Amendment generally protects the right to associate in an expressive context, because many individual First Amendment rights lose their meaning if they cannot be expressed by a group. However, Supreme Court precedent allows the State to curtail", "title": "Roberts v. United States Jaycees" }, { "docid": "8211909", "text": "Hurtado v. California, 110 U.S. 516 (1884), was a landmark case decided by the United States Supreme Court that allowed state governments, as distinguished from the federal government, to avoid using grand juries in criminal prosecutions. Background Joseph Hurtado discovered that his wife, Susie, was having an affair with their friend, José Antonio Estuardo. After measures that Hurtado took to put an end to the affair, such as temporarily sending his wife away to live with her parents and then assaulting Estuardo in a bar after his wife returned and the affair resumed, proved futile, Hurtado fatally shot Estuardo. Hurtado was arrested for the crime but was not indicted by a grand jury. According to the California State Constitution at the time, \"Offenses heretofore required to be prosecuted by indictment, shall be prosecuted by information, after examination and commitment by a magistrate, or by indictment, with or without such examination and commitment, as may be prescribed by law. A grand jury shall be drawn and summoned at least once a year in each county.\" The Sacramento County judge examined the information and determined that Hurtado should be brought to trial. Hurtado was tried, convicted of murder, and sentenced to death. At issue was whether or not the Fourteenth Amendment's Due Process Clause extended the Fifth Amendment's Indictment Clause requiring indictment by grand jury to the states. The following questions were presented: Does a state criminal proceeding based on an information rather than a grand jury indictment violate the Fourteenth Amendment's due process clause? Is a grand jury indictment required by the Fifth Amendment applicable to state criminal trials via the Fourteenth Amendment? Decision The Supreme Court ruled 7-1 that Hurtado's due process right was not violated by denial of a grand jury hearing and that the Fourteenth Amendment was not intended to work retroactively to apply the Fifth Amendment to state criminal trials. Writing for the majority, Justice Matthews stated that the states should be free to construct their own laws without infringement and that the Fourteenth Amendment was not intended to guarantee the right of a grand jury because it would then have been specifically referenced. His opinion also concluded that Hurtado's due process right was not violated, as an information is \"merely a preliminary proceeding and can result in no final judgment.\" He further concluded that Hurtado still received a fair trial. Dissenting opinion However, Justice Harlan presented a lone dissent, a learned disquisition on the history and meaning of \"due process of law\" that included quotes of many of the great jurists. \"Blackstone says: 'But to find a bill there must be at least twelve of the jury agree; for, so tender is the law of England of the lives of the subjects, that no man can be convicted at the suit of the king of any capital offense, unless by a unanimous voice of twenty-four of his equals and neighbors; that is, by twelve at least of the grand jury, in the first place, assenting to", "title": "Hurtado v. California" }, { "docid": "7372773", "text": "Employment discrimination law in the United States derives from the common law, and is codified in numerous state, federal, and local laws. These laws prohibit discrimination based on certain characteristics or \"protected categories\". The United States Constitution also prohibits discrimination by federal and state governments against their public employees. Discrimination in the private sector is not directly constrained by the Constitution, but has become subject to a growing body of federal and state law, including the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Federal law prohibits discrimination in a number of areas, including recruiting, hiring, job evaluations, promotion policies, training, compensation and disciplinary action. State laws often extend protection to additional categories or employers. Under federal employment discrimination law, employers generally cannot discriminate against employees on the basis of race, sex (including sexual orientation and gender identity), pregnancy, religion, national origin, disability (physical or mental, including status), age (for workers over 40), military service or affiliation, bankruptcy or bad debts, genetic information, and citizenship status (for citizens, permanent residents, temporary residents, refugees, and asylees). List of United States federal discrimination law Equal Pay Act of 1963 Civil Rights Act of 1964 Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 Executive Order 11246 Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 Education Amendments of 1972 Title IX Rehabilitation Act of 1973 Vietnam Era Veterans' Readjustment Assistance Act of 1974 Age Discrimination Act of 1975 Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008 Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978 The Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 Constitutional basis The United States Constitution does not directly address employment discrimination, but its prohibitions on discrimination by the federal government have been held to protect federal government employees. The Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution limit the power of the federal and state governments to discriminate. The Fifth Amendment has an explicit requirement that the federal government does not deprive individuals of \"life, liberty, or property\", without due process of the law. It also contains an implicit guarantee that the Fourteenth Amendment explicitly prohibits states from violating an individual's rights of due process and equal protection. In the employment context, these Constitutional provisions would limit the right of the state and federal governments to discriminate in their employment practices by treating employees, former employees, or job applicants unequally because of membership in a group (such as a race or sex). Due process protection requires that government employees have a fair procedural process before they are terminated if the termination is related to a \"liberty\" (such as the right to free speech) or property interest. As both Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses are passive, the clause that empowers Congress to pass anti-discrimination bills (so they are not unconstitutional under Tenth Amendment) is Section 5 of Fourteenth Amendment. Employment discrimination or harassment in the private sector is not unconstitutional because Federal and most State Constitutions do not expressly", "title": "Employment discrimination law in the United States" }, { "docid": "17297840", "text": "United States criminal procedure derives from several sources of law: the baseline protections of the United States Constitution; federal and state statutes; federal and state rules of criminal procedure (such as the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure); and state and federal case law. Criminal procedures are distinct from civil procedures in the US. Sources of law U.S. Constitution The United States Constitution, including the United States Bill of Rights and subsequent amendments, contains the following provisions regarding criminal procedure. Due to the incorporation of the Bill of Rights, all of these provisions apply equally to criminal proceedings in state courts, with the exception of the Grand Jury Clause of the Fifth Amendment, the Vicinage Clause of the Sixth Amendment, and (maybe) the Excessive Bail Clause of the Eighth Amendment. Article Three, Section Two, Clause Three: Jury Clause Venue Clause Fifth Amendment: Grand jury clause Double Jeopardy Clause Self-Incrimination Clause Due process clause Takings Clause Sixth Amendment: Speedy Trial Clause Public trial clause Impartial Jury Clause Vicinage Clause Information Clause Confrontation Clause Compulsory Process Clause Assistance of Counsel Clause Eighth Amendment: Excessive Bail Clause Fourteenth Amendment: Due process clause Equal Protection Clause Federal statutes and rules Federal statutes and rules apply to criminal proceedings in federal courts, such as: Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure Jencks Act State statutes and rules Each state has its own statutes and rules of criminal proceeding applying to proceedings in its courts. Charging instruments In a criminal case, the government generally brings charges in one of two ways: either by accusing a suspect directly in a \"bill of information\" or other similar document, or by bringing evidence before a grand jury to allow that body to determine whether the case should proceed. If the grand jury determines that there is enough evidence to justify the bringing of charges, then the defendant is indicted. In the federal system, a case must always be brought before a grand jury for indictment if it is punishable by death or more than one year in prison; some states, however, do not require indictment. Petit juries Once charges have been brought, the case is then brought before a petit jury, (or what is commonly recognized as the normal courtroom jury of six to twelve members), or is tried by a judge alone, if the defense requests it. Any petit jury is selected from a pool by the prosecution and defense. After both sides have presented their cases and made closing arguments, the judge gives the jury legal instructions; the jury then adjourns to deliberate in private. The jury generally must unanimously agree on a verdict of guilty or not guilty; however, the Supreme Court has upheld non unanimous jury verdicts, so long as the jury is larger than 6 people. In 1972, the Court upheld convictions in Apodaca v. Oregon and Johnson v. Louisiana where Oregon and Louisiana convicted Petitioners on 10-to-2 and 9-to-3 verdicts respectively. In 1979, the Court ruled in Burch v. Louisiana that where a jury was made", "title": "United States criminal procedure" }, { "docid": "3090300", "text": "Benton v. Maryland, 395 U.S. 784 (1969), is a Supreme Court of the United States decision concerning double jeopardy. Benton ruled that the Double Jeopardy Clause of the Fifth Amendment applies to the states. In doing so, Benton expressly overruled Palko v. Connecticut. Background John Dalmer Benton was tried on charges of larceny and burglary. He was acquitted of larceny but convicted of burglary and was sentenced to 10 years in prison. Shortly after Benton's conviction, the Maryland Court of Appeals had ruled in Schowgurow v. State that the portion of the Maryland Constitution that required all jurors to swear to their belief in the existence of God was itself unconstitutional. Since the jurors in Benton's case had been selected under the unconstitutional provision, he was given the option of demanding a new trial. Benton chose to undergo a new trial, but at the second trial, the state again charged Benton with larceny even though he had been acquitted of larceny in the first trial. The second trial concluded with Benton being found guilty of both burglary and larceny. Case history The case was argued December 12, 1968, reargued March 24, 1969, and decided June 23, 1969. It was reargued because the original argument for which the case was granted certiorari was limited to consideration of two issues: \"(1) Is the double jeopardy clause of the Fifth Amendment applicable to the States through the Fourteenth Amendment? and (2) If so, was the petitioner 'twice put in jeopardy' in this case?\" At the second trial Benton's sentence of 15 years on the burglary count and five years for the larceny was to run concurrently, and after oral argument, as Justice Marshall wrote in his opinion of the court, \"it became clear that the existence of a concurrent sentence on the burglary count might prevent the Court from reaching the double jeopardy issue, at least if we found that any error affected only petitioner's larceny conviction. The case was scheduled for reargument, 393 U. S. 994 (1968), limited to the following additional question not included in the original writ: \"Does the 'concurrent sentence doctrine,' enunciated in Hirabayashi v. United States, 320 U. S. 81, 105, and subsequent cases, have continuing validity in light of such decisions as Ginsberg v. New York, 390 U.S. 629, 633, n. 2, Peyton v. Rowe, 391 U.S. 54, Carafas v. LaVallee, 391 U.S. 234, 237-238, and Sibron v. New York, 392 U.S. 40, 50-58?\" Decision The Supreme Court ruled that the second trial constituted double jeopardy. There was no protection against double jeopardy in Maryland from its state constitution, but the Court ruled that the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment incorporated the Double Jeopardy Clause of the Fifth Amendment and so made it enforceable against the states. As a result, the Court overturned the larceny conviction. Justice Thurgood Marshall, writing for the majority, wrote: It is clear that petitioner's larceny conviction cannot stand once federal double jeopardy standards are applied. Petitioner was acquitted of larceny", "title": "Benton v. Maryland" }, { "docid": "11145112", "text": "Colorado v. Connelly, 479 U.S. 157 (1986), was a U.S. Supreme Court case that was initiated by Francis Connelly, who insisted that his schizophrenic episode rendered him incompetent, nullifying his waiver of his Miranda rights. In Justice Brennan's dissent, he argued that this constituted an involuntary confession and that it violated a ''fundamental right to make a vital choice with a sane mind, involving a determination that could allow the state to deprive him of liberty or even life.'' Prior history Francis Connelly approached a Denver police officer and expressed interest in talking about a murder that he committed. After being read his rights, Connelly continued to want to confess to the murder, so a detective was called. The detective repeated Connelly's rights again, but Connelly remained willing to discuss the murder. Connelly then waived his right to counsel, and described the details of the murder. Soon afterwards, the court determined that Connelly was not of sound enough mind to stand trial, and was given six months of therapy. After the six months was completed, Connelly stood trial. During the trial, the psychiatrist that evaluated Connelly testified that he believed that God told him to confess to the murder, or commit suicide. The lower court ruled that Connelly's waiver of his Miranda rights was made when he was incompetent due to his mental illness, so the confession of Connelly was not permitted in court. The case then went to the Colorado Supreme Court, where the local court's decision was upheld. The evidence of Connelly's confession was suppressed under the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Case The Supreme Court heard the case, and decided that Connelly's confession should not have been suppressed, due to a specific sentence in Miranda v. Arizona that stated that confessions may only be thrown out if the accused is coercively interrogated by the government. The Supreme Court reversed the Colorado Supreme Court's decision to suppress the evidence, stating that there was no violation of the due process clause. In the words of the Supreme Court: Consequences Connelly significantly changed the voluntariness standard - the test used to determine the admissibility of confessions under the due process clauses of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments. Before Connelly the test was whether the confession was voluntary considering the totality of the circumstances. \"Voluntary\" carried its everyday meaning: the confession had to be a product of the exercise of the defendant's free will rather than police coercion. After Connelly the totality of circumstances test is not even triggered unless the defendant can show coercive police conduct. Questions of free will and rational decision making are irrelevant to a due process claim unless police misconduct existed and a causal connection can be shown between the misconduct and the confession. See also List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 479 List of United States Supreme Court cases Lists of United States Supreme Court cases by volume List of United States Supreme Court cases by", "title": "Colorado v. Connelly" }, { "docid": "320155", "text": "Barron v. Baltimore, 32 U.S. (7 Pet.) 243 (1833), is a landmark United States Supreme Court case in 1833, which helped define the concept of federalism in US constitutional law. The Court ruled that the Bill of Rights did not apply to the state governments, establishing a precedent until the ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Background The city of Baltimore, Maryland initiated a public works project that involved the modification of several streams that emptied into Baltimore Harbor. City construction resulted in large amounts of sediment being deposited into the streams, which then emptied into the harbor near a profitable wharf owned and operated by John Barron. The material settled into the water near the wharf, decreasing the depth of the water to a point where it was nearly impossible for ships to approach it. As it was no longer easily accessible for ships, the business's profitability declined substantially. Barron sued the City of Baltimore for losses, arguing that he was deprived of his property without the due process afforded him by the Fifth Amendment. Barron was awarded $4,500 in compensation by the trial court, but a Maryland appellate court reversed the decision. Decision The Supreme Court heard arguments on the case on February 8 and 11 and decided on February 16, 1833. It held that the Bill of Rights, such as the Fifth Amendment's guarantee of just compensation for takings of private property for public use, are restrictions on the federal government alone. Writing for a unanimous court, Chief Justice John Marshall held that the first ten \"amendments contain no expression indicating an intention to apply them to the State governments. This court cannot so apply them.\" To demonstrate that Constitutional limits did not apply to states unless expressly stated, Marshall used the example of Article I, Sections 9 and 10: Aftermath The case was particularly important in terms of American government because it stated that the Bill of Rights did not restrict the state governments. The decision was initially ignored by the growing abolitionist movement, some of whom maintained that Congress could constitutionally abolish slavery, under the Bill of Rights. The case was largely unknown in the 1860s; during a debate in Congress on the Fourteenth Amendment, Congressman John Bingham had to read part of Marshall's opinion aloud to the Senate. Later Supreme Court rulings would return to Barron to reaffirm its central holding, most notably in United States v. Cruikshank, 92 U.S. 542 (1876). However, since the early 20th century, the Supreme Court has used the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, which was interpreted to have the same meaning as the Fifth Amendment, to apply most of the Bill of Rights to the states by selective incorporation. Therefore, as to most of the Bill of Rights, Barron and its progeny have been circumvented, if not actually overruled. References General references Jean Edward Smith, John Marshall: Definer Of A Nation, New York: Henry Holt & Company, 1996. Edward C. Papenfuse, Outline,", "title": "Barron v. Baltimore" }, { "docid": "57746089", "text": "California Bankers Assn. v. Shultz, 416 U.S. 21 (1974), was a US Supreme Court case in which the Court held that the Bank Secrecy Act, passed by Congress in 1970 requiring banks to record all transactions and report certain domestic and foreign transactions of high dollar amounts to the United States Treasury, did not violate the First, Fourth, and Fifth Amendments of the US Constitution. Background The Bank Secrecy Act of 1970 was passed as Congress had come to recognize that bank records had a high value in criminal investigations and regulatory actions from both domestic and foreign sources. The Act at passage had two key titles: Title I requiring banks to record all bank transactions and Title II to report certain events triggered by these transactions to appropriate government authorities, such as domestic transactions that totaled more than within a single day or the transfer of funding in or out of the United States exceeding . After the Act was passed and the processes used to enforce it were established by the United States Department of the Treasury, several groups sought to challenge the Act on several constitutional counts and filed suit in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California around June 1972, requesting a restraining order from implementation of the Act. The groups included bank customers, the Security National Bank, the California Bankers Association, and the American Civil Liberties Union. Their primary complaint identified that the record keeping and reporting requirements of the Act violated Fourth Amendment protections against unreasonable search and seizure; other complaints included challenges based on the First, Fifth, Ninth, Tenth, and Fourteenth Amendments. The District Court granted the order while it reviewed the case. Ultimately, the three-judge panel ruled that nearly all of the Act was constitutional, but it found that the Title II reporting requirements on domestic transactions represented an unconstitutional violation of Fourth Amendment protection since it could allow the Treasury to obtain under subpoena all bank records of a person. Supreme Court Both the plaintiffs and the government filed appeals on the mixed conclusion from the District Court to the Supreme Court. The Court opted to combine the three separate petitions into a single case: The California Bankers Association, which represented banks operating in California, argued that the Title I record-keeping requirements violated the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment, as it placed an unreasonable expectation on the banks, and that this also violated the rights of privacy offered by the First Amendment. The Security National Bank, the ACLU, and the various bank customers asserts, in addition to the California Bankers Association, that the Title II reporting requirements related to foreign transactions violated the First and Fourth Amendments, as well as creating compulsory self-incrimination against the Fifth Amendment. The United States Government appealed on the constitutionality of the Title II reporting requirements for domestic transactions, arguing that the Court should have reviewed the Treasury's process for any Fourth Amendment violations, and not the Act itself. Oral", "title": "California Bankers Assn. v. Shultz" }, { "docid": "622840", "text": "Rochin v. California, 342 U.S. 165 (1952), was a case decided by the Supreme Court of the United States that added behavior that \"shocks the conscience\" into tests of what violates due process clause of the 14th Amendment. This balancing test is often criticized as having subsequently been used in a particularly subjective manner. Background On July 1, 1949, three Los Angeles County deputy sheriffs entered the Rochins' residence without a search warrant and forcibly entered Rochin's room on the second floor. Upon entering the room, the deputies noticed two capsules on the night stand. Rochin immediately swallowed the capsules after Deputy Jack Jones asked him, \"Whose stuff is this?\" Jones then grabbed and squeezed Rochin by the neck, as well as shoving his fingers in Rochin's mouth as he attempted to eject the capsules. The deputies, unable to obtain the capsules, handcuffed and took Rochin to Angeles Emergency Hospital where he was strapped to an operating table and had a tube forcibly placed in his mouth and into his stomach and given an emetic solution, whereupon he vomited the capsules into a bucket. The deputies then retrieved the capsules and tested them to be morphine. Subsequently, this was submitted as evidence, and Rochin was found guilty of violating California Health and Safety Code § 11500 as having an unlawful possession of morphine. Rochin appealed his case on the basis that his rights, guaranteed to him by Amendments V and XIV of the United States Constitution and by Article I(1)(13)(19) of the California Constitution rendered the evidence inadmissible, and that the forced stomach pumping was unconstitutionally compelled self-incrimination. The appeals court denied his defense arguing that the evidence was admissible, despite the egregious behavior of the officers, as it was \"competent evidence,\" and the courts are not allowed to question the means in which it was obtained. As the court wrote, \"illegally obtained evidence is admissible on a criminal charge in this state.\" Decision The court voted in an 8-0 decision (Minton abstained) to overturn the decision. Justice Frankfurter wrote the majority opinion which struck down the prior conviction, arguing that the brutality of the means used to extract the evidence from Rochin \"shocks the conscience,\" and it clearly violates the due process of law as guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment. Frankfurter also admitted the term \"due process\" was nebulous but asserted that it existed to preserve the fairness and integrity of the system and that society expects judges to act impartially and to take into account precedence and social context. The court quoted from the decision of the California Supreme Court, in which two justices dissented, saying, Justice Douglas and Black both wrote concurring opinions in which they argued that the lower court's decision should have been overturned based on the Fifth Amendment liberty from self incrimination. Both justices believed that the 14th Amendment's guarantee of \"due process\" incorporated that right. The justices' opinions also offered much criticism of Frankfurter's opinion for the court. Douglas rebuked the court for", "title": "Rochin v. California" }, { "docid": "59706441", "text": "Hudson v. Palmer, 468 U.S. 517 (1984), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that prison inmates have no privacy rights in their cells protected by the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The Court also held that an intentional deprivation of property by a state employee \"does not violate the Fourteenth Amendment if an adequate postdeprivation state remedy exists,\" extending Parratt v. Taylor to intentional torts. Background On September 16, 1981, Ted Hudson and a fellow officer at the Bland Correctional Center in Bland, Virginia, entered the cell of Russell Palmer, an inmate at the center, to conduct a \"shakedown\" search. After the search, Palmer brought a civil rights suit against Hudson under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, claiming that Hudson had destroyed some of his personal property — \"including legal materials and letters\" — in violation of his Fourteenth Amendment due process rights, and that the search was undertaken \"solely to harass him\" in violation of his Fourth Amendment right to privacy. The District Court held for Hudson on summary judgment, ruling under Parratt v. Taylor that \"intentional destruction of a prisoner's property is not a violation of due process, when the prisoner has an adequate remedy under state law,\" and that a non-routine search of a prison cell intended to harass the prisoner would not have \"constitutional significance\" under the Fourth and Fourteenth Amendments. The Fourth Circuit affirmed the District Court's due process holding but reversed its Fourth Amendment decision, concluding that Palmer \"had a limited privacy right which may have been violated\" if the search was undertaken because of \"a desire to harass or humiliate him.\" Decision Writing for a five-justice majority, Chief Justice Burger held that summary judgment was appropriate against Palmer on both his due process and Fourth Amendment claims. In so doing, Burger affirmed the Fourth Circuit's decision that Virginia's postdeprivation remedies eliminated the due process concerns arising from the destruction of Palmer's property, but reversed its holding that Palmer had a \"limited privacy right\" in his cell under the Fourth Amendment. As to Palmer's Fourth Amendment claim, the Court applied the reasonable expectation of privacy test established by the landmark Katz v. United States decision in 1967, asking \"whether a prisoner’s expectation of privacy in his prison cell is the kind of expectation that 'society is prepared to recognize as reasonable.'\" Under that test, the Court held that prisoners have no right to privacy in their cells for two reasons: because the need for prison security requires \"[u]nfettered access to these cells by prison officials...if drugs and contraband are to be ferreted out and sanitary surroundings are to be maintained,\" and because \"society would insist that the prisoner’s expectation of privacy always yield to what must be considered the paramount interest in institutional security.\" Based on Bell v. Wolfish, where the Court had previously upheld a federal policy of conducting body-cavity searches of pretrial detainees after every visit with someone outside the facility, Burger reasoned that restricting", "title": "Hudson v. Palmer" }, { "docid": "31666", "text": "The Fourteenth Amendment (Amendment XIV) to the United States Constitution was adopted on July 9, 1868, as one of the Reconstruction Amendments. Usually considered one of the most consequential amendments, it addresses citizenship rights and equal protection under the law and was proposed in response to issues related to formerly enslaved Americans following the American Civil War. The amendment was bitterly contested, particularly by the states of the defeated Confederacy, which were forced to ratify it in order to regain representation in Congress. The amendment, particularly its first section, is one of the most litigated parts of the Constitution, forming the basis for landmark Supreme Court decisions such as Brown v. Board of Education (1954) regarding racial segregation, Loving v. Virginia (1967) regarding interracial marriage, Roe v. Wade (1973) regarding abortion (overturned in 2022), Bush v. Gore (2000) regarding the 2000 presidential election, Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) regarding same-sex marriage, and Students for Fair Admissions v. Harvard (2023) regarding race-based college admissions. The amendment limits the actions of all state and local officials, and also those acting on behalf of such officials. The amendment's first section includes the Citizenship Clause, Privileges or Immunities Clause, Due Process Clause, and Equal Protection Clause. The Citizenship Clause broadly defines citizenship, superseding the Supreme Court's decision in Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857), which had held that Americans descended from African slaves could not be citizens of the United States. Since the Slaughter-House Cases (1873), the Privileges or Immunities Clause has been interpreted to do very little. The Due Process Clause prohibits state and local governments from depriving persons of life, liberty, or property without a fair procedure. The Supreme Court has ruled that this clause makes most of the Bill of Rights as applicable to the states as it is to the federal government, as well as to recognize substantive and procedural requirements that state laws must satisfy. The Equal Protection Clause requires each state to provide equal protection under the law to all people, including non-citizens, within its jurisdiction. This clause has been the basis for many decisions rejecting discrimination against people belonging to various groups. The second, third, and fourth sections of the amendment are seldom litigated. However, the second section's reference to \"rebellion, or other crime\" has been invoked as a constitutional ground for felony disenfranchisement. It was held, under Trump v. Anderson (2024), that only the federal government can enforce section three and not the states. The fourth section was held, in Perry v. United States (1935), to prohibit Congress from abrogating a contract of debt incurred by a prior Congress. The fifth section gives Congress the power to enforce the amendment's provisions by \"appropriate legislation\"; however, under City of Boerne v. Flores (1997), this power may not be used to contradict a Supreme Court decision interpreting the amendment. The Reconstruction Amendments and thus the Fourteenth Amendment \"were specifically designed as an expansion of federal power and an intrusion on state sovereignty.\" The Reconstruction Amendments affected the constitutional division of", "title": "Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution" }, { "docid": "2100546", "text": "Kelo v. City of New London, 545 U.S. 469 (2005), was a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of the United States in which the Court held, 5–4, that the use of eminent domain to transfer land from one private owner to another private owner to further economic development does not violate the Takings Clause of the Fifth Amendment. In the case, plaintiff Susette Kelo sued the city of New London, Connecticut, for violating her civil rights after the city tried to acquire her house's property through eminent domain so that the land could be used as part of a \"comprehensive redevelopment plan\". Justice John Paul Stevens wrote for the five-justice majority that the city's use of eminent domain was permissible under the Takings Clause, because the general benefits the community would enjoy from economic growth qualified as \"public use\". After the Court's decision, the city allowed a private developer to proceed with its plans; however, the developer was unable to obtain financing and abandoned the project, and the contested land remained an undeveloped empty lot. The decision from this case sparked controversy with 47 states strengthening their eminent domain laws and 12 states amending their state constitutions to stop eminent domain from benefiting private parties. Background This case was appealed to the Supreme Court of the United States from a decision by the Supreme Court of Connecticut in favor of the City of New London. The owners, including lead plaintiff Susette Kelo of 8 East Street, sued the city in Connecticut courts, arguing that the city had misused its eminent domain power. The power of eminent domain is limited by the Takings Clause of the Fifth Amendment and the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. The Takings Clause reads, \". . . nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.\" Under the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, this limitation also applies to the actions of state and local governments. The plaintiffs argued that economic development, the stated purpose of the taking and subsequent transfer of land to the New London Development Corporation, did not qualify as a public use under the Fifth Amendment. The Connecticut Supreme Court heard arguments on December 2, 2002. The state court issued its decision (268 Conn. 1, SC16742) on March 9, 2004, siding with the city in a 4–3 decision, with the majority opinion authored by Justice Flemming L. Norcott, Jr., joined by Justices David M. Borden, Richard N. Palmer and Christine Vertefeuille. Justice Peter T. Zarella wrote the dissent, joined by Chief Justice William J. Sullivan and Justice Joette Katz. The State Supreme Court held that the use of eminent domain for economic development did not violate the public use clauses of the state and federal constitutions. The court held that if a legislative body has found that an economic project will create new jobs, increase tax and other city revenues, and revitalize a depressed urban area (even if that area is not blighted), then the", "title": "Kelo v. City of New London" }, { "docid": "1637439", "text": "Ex parte Young, 209 U.S. 123 (1908), is a United States Supreme Court case that allows suits in federal courts for injunctions against officials acting on behalf of states of the union to proceed despite the State's sovereign immunity, when the State acted contrary to any federal law or contrary to the Constitution. Facts The state of Minnesota passed laws limiting what railroads could charge in that state and established severe penalties, including fines and jail for violators. Some shareholders of Northern Pacific Railway filed a lawsuit in the United States Circuit Court for the District of Minnesota asserting that the laws were unconstitutional as violating the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, as well as the Dormant Commerce Clause. The shareholders sued the railroads to prevent them from complying with the law. They also sued Edward T. Young, the Attorney General of Minnesota, to prevent him from enforcing the law. Young argued that the Eleventh Amendment, which prohibits states from being sued in federal court by citizens of other states, meant that the court did not have jurisdiction to hear the case. The federal circuit court still issued an injunction against Young enforcing the law. The following day, Young filed a proceeding in Minnesota state court to force the railroads to comply with the statute, in violation of the federal injunction. The court ordered Young to explain his actions, and he reiterated his Eleventh Amendment claim. Finding that Young violated the injunction of the federal court by enforcing the Minnesota law in state court, the court held Young in contempt. Young was placed in the custody of the U.S. Marshals Service, and so he filed a petition with the United States Supreme Court for a writ of habeas corpus for his release. Issue The Supreme Court faced three issues here. The first involved three questions as to the constitutionality of the Minnesota statutes: Did the statutes violate Fourteenth Amendment due process by setting too low a cap on the rates that railroads could charge? Did the statutes violate Fourteenth Amendment due process by establishing punishments so harsh that no one would challenge the laws, for fear of the consequences of losing such a challenge? Did the statutes violate the Commerce Clause by interfering with commerce between the states? The second issue exposed the tension between the Eleventh Amendment and the Fourteenth Amendment. The Eleventh Amendment had recently been held in Hans v. Louisiana, 134 U.S. 1 (1890), to prohibit the federal courts from hearing suits by citizens against their own states. Conversely, the Fourteenth Amendment prohibits the states from violating the due process rights of their citizens. Could a federal court entertain a lawsuit seeking to enjoin a state official from carrying out state laws that were purportedly in violation of the Fourteenth Amendment? Result The Court, in an opinion written by Justice Rufus Wheeler Peckham, found that the Minnesota laws with respect to the railroad rates were unconstitutional, and moved on to the issue of whether the", "title": "Ex parte Young" }, { "docid": "9446857", "text": "Cleveland Board of Education v. LaFleur, 414 U.S. 632 (1974), found that overly restrictive maternity leave regulations in public schools violate the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment and the Fourteenth Amendment. Facts The plaintiffs claimed that an employer's requirement to take maternity leave from public schools violated the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Judgment On January 21, 1974, the Court delivered its ruling. The majority opinion was delivered by Justice Stewart. The Supreme Court ruled that the mandatory maternity leave rules were unconstitutional under the Due Process Clauses in the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments. Essentially, the rules were found to be too arbitrary (fixed dates chosen for no apparent reason) and irrebuttable (having no relation to individual medical conditions and with no way to make exceptions for good reason). In the Court's opinion, Justice Stewart went on to explain: Significance This decision was a major step in protecting the rights of teachers, especially female teachers, from unfair prejudicial rules which would keep them from the profession of teaching. This decision also plays a critical role in the professionalization of teaching by protecting all teachers from arbitrary, political regulations which serve no pedagogical function. The case of LaFleur can also be seen as a building block for current family leave laws, e.g. Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993, which help to ensure that all people can keep their professions without giving up the ability, and the means, to have a family. Teaching was one of the first careers outside of the home which was open to American women. As a result, in the late 19th century and the 20th century, women dominated the field of teaching. In 1919, 86% of teachers were women. However, traditional attitudes in American society still held that a women's primary role should be that of housewife. This bias was shared by the male administrators and politicians, who generally ran the schools, and thus married women were discouraged from, and overlooked for, teaching positions. This was justified by the belief that men and single women needed the jobs more. Only after the World War II labor shortages were married women widely hired as teachers. After the war, many married women remained employed as teachers; however, traditional prejudices against them endured. The attitude changed focus into discrimination against pregnant women. In 1948, a National Education Association survey showed 43% of schools as having no maternity leave, and the rest having compulsory maternity leave. The compulsory maternity leave rules were grounded in the belief that women were incapable of making their own decisions about work, health care, and their professional competency. Most of these compulsory maternity leave rules required teachers to take leave 4–6 months before childbirth until well after the child was born, leaving visibly pregnant women basically unable to work. Virtually all maternity leave was unpaid. The stated rationale behind these compulsory maternity leave laws were: that pregnant women could not meet the physical or mental demands of the job, that pregnancy", "title": "Cleveland Board of Education v. LaFleur" }, { "docid": "21214871", "text": "Griffin v. California, 380 U.S. 609 (1965), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled, by a 6–2 vote, that it is a violation of a defendant's Fifth Amendment rights for the prosecutor to comment to the jury on the defendant's declining to testify, or for the judge to instruct the jury that such silence is evidence of guilt. The ruling specified that this new extension to defendants' Fifth Amendment rights was binding on all States through the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. This \"no-comment rule\" had already been binding on the federal government's courts because of an 1878 law. Background of the case Edward Dean Griffin was convicted of the murder of Essie Mae Hodson before a jury in a California court. Griffin had been invited into an apartment shared by Hodson and her boyfriend, Eddie Seay. After going to bed, Seay was awakened by noise; he saw Griffin and Hodson struggling, and Hodson said Griffin had tried to force her to have sex. After Seay locked Griffin outside the apartment, Griffin broke back into the apartment and struck Seay, who ran to a bar for help. Upon returning, Griffin and Hodson were gone. In the morning, a witness saw Griffin, buttoning up his pants, coming out of a very large trash box in an alley about 300 feet from Hodson's apartment. The witness found Hodson in the trash box, bleeding and apparently in shock. She died at a hospital the next day from her injuries. Griffin, who already had multiple felony convictions, did not testify at the trial. As the U.S. Supreme Court said in its ruling, the prosecutor in the final argument to the jury \"made much of the failure of [Griffin] to testify\": The judge, in his instructions to the jury, stated that a defendant has a constitutional right not to testify, and that this did not create a presumption of guilt, nor reduce the need for the prosecution to prove its case; but also stated to the jury: This jury instruction was valid under the California Constitution, whose \"comment practice\" clause in Article I stated at the time, \"[I]n any criminal case, whether the defendant testifies or not, his failure to explain or to deny by his testimony any evidence or facts in the case against him may be commented upon by the court and by counsel, and may be considered by the court or the jury.\" Griffin was convicted and sentenced to the death penalty. The California Supreme Court affirmed the conviction, and subsequently the U.S. Supreme Court granted certiorari to determine \"whether comment on the failure to testify violated the Self-Incrimination Clause of the Fifth Amendment which we made applicable to the States by the Fourteenth in Malloy v. Hogan.\" History and legal background Until the late 19th century, defendants in criminal trials in the United States were not allowed to testify. Starting in 1864, the States started to allow this practice, until by the end of", "title": "Griffin v. California" }, { "docid": "32310110", "text": "In the Matter of the Marriage of J.B. and H.B. was a case arising from a divorce petition filed by a same-sex couple in Texas. They had been married in Massachusetts. A Texas Family Court granted the petition, holding that Texas's Proposition 2, which prohibited the court from recognizing a same-sex marriage, violated the due process and equal protection guarantees of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. On appeal, the Fifth Court of Appeals of Texas reversed the family court's judgment, holding that it was consistent with the due process and equal protection clauses. The case was before the Texas Supreme Court, but the case was dismissed due to the death of one of the parties. Case history Two men living in Dallas who had married in Massachusetts in September 2006, identified by the courts as J.B. and H.B., filed for a divorce in January 2008 in Dallas County District Court. Their attorney, Peter Schulte, claimed that Article IV Section 1 of the U. S. Constitution, which requires each state to give \"full faith and credit\" to the legal proceedings of other states, required Texas to recognize a valid Massachusetts marriage. Attorney General Greg Abbott, on behalf of the state of Texas, moved to intervene to block the divorce, claiming that the court lacked subject matter jurisdiction. On October 1, 2009, Dallas District Judge Tena Callahan rejected Texas's intervention and held that the Texas Constitution's ban on same-sex marriage, article I, section 32(a), known as Proposition 2, violated the Fourteenth Amendment's due process and equal protection clauses. Schulte commented: \"I have a feeling there are going to be opponents who say this is going to allow the floodgates of gay marriage to open, and I disagree with that. Gay marriage and gay divorce are two separate things.\" Abbott noted that the definition of marriage that Callahan held unconstitutional had been approved by 75% of Texas voters. It was the second court ruling in U.S. history to find that a state constitution's ban on same-sex marriage violated the U.S. Constitution. Abbott and Governor Rick Perry appealed to the Fifth Court of Appeals. On August 31, 2010, a unanimous three-judge panel of that court reversed the lower court's ruling and held that the Texas constitution's ban on same-sex marriage does not violate the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. It also affirmed the state's right to intervene in the suit. It said that a \"same-sex divorce proceeding would give effect to the purported same-sex marriage in several ways\" and that \"[t]he state has a legitimate interest in promoting the raising of children in the optimal familial setting. It is reasonable for the state to conclude that the optimal familial setting for the raising of children is the household headed by an opposite-sex couple.\" The court further ruled that district courts in Texas do not have subject-matter jurisdiction to hear a same-sex divorce case. It also held that Texas was not required to recognize a marriage celebrated elsewhere that did", "title": "In re Marriage of J.B. and H.B." }, { "docid": "157271", "text": "Adair v. United States, 208 U.S. 161 (1908), was a US labor law case of the United States Supreme Court which declared that bans on \"yellow-dog\" contracts (that forbade workers from joining labor unions) were unconstitutional. The decision reaffirmed the doctrine of freedom of contract which was first recognized by the Court in Allgeyer v. Louisiana (1897). For this reason, Adair is often seen as defining what has come to be known as the Lochner era, a period in American legal history in which the Supreme Court tended to invalidate legislation aimed at regulating business. In earlier cases, the Court had struck down state legislation limiting the freedom of contract by using the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, which only applied to the states. In Adair the doctrine was expanded to include federal legislation by way of the due process clause of the Fifth Amendment. Facts The Erdman Act of 1898, section 10, passed by Congress to prevent unrest in the railroad labor industry, prohibited railroad companies engaged in interstate commerce from demanding that a worker not join a union as a condition for employment. The law provided for voluntary arbitration of disputes between the interstate railroads and their workers organized into labor unions. It applied to individuals who worked on moving trains which transported freight and passengers between states. Workers who maintained railroad cars, and station clerks, did not come under the statute's jurisdiction. In 1906, William Adair, a master mechanic who supervised employees at the Louisville & Nashville Railroad, fired O. B. Coppage for belonging to labor union called the Order of Locomotive Fireman. Adair's actions were in direct violation of Section 10 of the Erdman Act which made it illegal for employers to \"threaten any employee with loss of employment\" or to \"unjustly discriminate against an employee because of his membership in ... a labor corporation, organization or association.\" Adair was indicted in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Kentucky, which upheld the law as constitutional. In a subsequent trial, Adair was found guilty of violating the act and ordered to pay a $100 fine. Adair appealed the District Court's decision to the Supreme Court. Judgment In a 6-2 decision, the Court held that Section 10 of the Erdman act was unconstitutional. In the majority opinion, written by Justice John M. Harlan, the question to be decided was described as such: In answering this question, Harlan first examined whether Section 10 of the act on which the indictment against Adair was based \"is repugnant to the Fifth Amendment.\" Harlan found that the due process clause of the Amendment guarded against \"an invasion of the personal liberty, as well as the right of property\", and that \"[s]uch liberty and right embraces the right to make contracts for the purchase of the labor of others and equally the right to make contracts for the sale of one's own labor\". Harlan further cited the landmark decision in Lochner v. New York (1905) in which", "title": "Adair v. United States" }, { "docid": "5146578", "text": "The proposed Citizenship Reform Act of 2005 () was a U.S. congressional bill introduced in the 109th United States Congress by Re. Nathan Deal (R-GA). The legislation aimed to deny birthright citizenship to individuals born in the United States whose parents were not citizens or permanent residents. If enacted into law, the legislation have amended the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 to limit automatic citizenship at birth to apply only to a child born in the United States who were: 1) born in wedlock to parents either of whom was then a U.S. citizen or national or an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence who maintained such residence; or (2) was born out of wedlock to a mother who was then a U.S. citizen or national or an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence who maintained such residence. The legislation was introduced by Republican Representative Nathan Deal of Georgia. Background and provisions In the Slaughter-House Cases, — a civil rights case not dealing specifically with birthright citizenship — a Supreme Court majority mentioned in passing that \"the phrase 'subject to its jurisdiction' was intended to exclude from its operation children of ministers, consuls, and citizens or subjects of foreign States born within the United States\" The bill would have accomplished its objective by defining children not falling into the above categories as not being \"subject to the jurisdiction\" of the United States, and thus not entitled to automatic citizenship via the Fourteenth Amendment. Section 1 of the amendment reads : \"All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.\" Legislative history H.R. 698 was introduced in early 2005, was referred to the House Subcommittee on Immigration, Border Security, and Claims, but saw no subsequent action and died when the 109th Congress adjourned sine die on December 9, 2006. Similar bills had been introduced in at least three previous Congresses — in the 108th Congress, in the 107th Congress, and in the 106th Congress — but, just like H.R. 698, all of them died without having been voted upon when Congress adjourned. Analysis Whether a bill such as the Citizenship Reform Act of 2005 would manage to accomplish its intended purpose, even if it were to be enacted into law by Congress, is unclear. In a 1982 case, Plyler v. Doe, the Supreme Court rejected the suggestion that illegal immigrants to the United States might not be \"subject to the jurisdiction\" of the United States within the meaning of the Fourteenth Amendment. If a future Supreme Court were to rule similarly to the Plyler court, this would likely mean", "title": "Citizenship Reform Act of 2005" }, { "docid": "47760786", "text": "Connally v. General Construction Co., 269 U.S. 385 (1926), was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court expanded and established key constructs of the Fourteenth Amendment's due process doctrine along with establishing the vagueness doctrine. It defined necessary requirements that are fundamental to any law, which, when lacking, are to be deemed void. The case was a dispute regarding Oklahoma state statutes, which, in essence vaguely required businesses to pay workers not less than the \"current rate of per diem wages in the locality where the work is performed\". The ruling determined that the standards set in place were unconstitutionally vague. Provisions rejected by the Supreme Court The Supreme Court nullified all enforcement of provisions §§ 7255 and 7257, of the Compiled Oklahoma Statutes, 1921. The provisions established basic requirements for workers and the rights they were to be prescribed, while working for the state or a company executing a contract for a state, or a subcontractor thereof. 8-hour day for employees Necessary payments (min. wage) The statutes together defined each day that the employer violated the provisions, as an additional count of the offense. The offense itself established fines of $50–500, and imprisonment of 3–6 months. This form of cumulative punishment made the crime extremely punitive. Opinion of the Court The Supreme Court determined that the sections provided for violation of the 5th amendment rights of the employers, by not specifically defining what was and was not punishable; this ruling is particularly famous for furthering the scope of the vagueness doctrine. References External links Due Process Clause United States Fifth Amendment case law United States Supreme Court cases United States Supreme Court cases of the Taft Court 1926 in United States case law", "title": "Connally v. General Construction Co." }, { "docid": "1692034", "text": "Social Statics, or The Conditions essential to Happiness specified, and the First of them Developed is an 1851 book by the British polymath Herbert Spencer. The book was published by John Chapman of London. In the book, he uses the term \"fitness\" in applying his ideas of Lamarckian evolution to society, saying for example that \"It is clear that any being whose constitution is to be moulded into fitness for new conditions of existence must be placed under those conditions. Or, putting the proposition specifically—it is clear that man can become adapted to the social state, only by being retained in the social state. This granted, it follows that as man has been, and is still, deficient in those feelings which, by dictating just conduct, prevent the perpetual antagonism of individuals and their consequent disunion, some artificial agency is required by which their union may be maintained. Only by the process of adaptation itself can be produced that character which makes social equilibrium spontaneous.\" Despite its commonly being attributed to this book, it was not until his Principles of Biology of 1864 that Spencer coined the phrase \"survival of the fittest\", which he would later apply to economics and biology. This could be described as a key tenet of so-called Social Darwinism, though Spencer and his book were not an advocate thereof. Reaction Economist Murray Rothbard called Social Statics \"the greatest single work of libertarian political philosophy ever written.\" In Lochner v. New York, Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., dissenting from the Supreme Court's holding that state legislation forbidding bakers from working more than ten hours a day or sixty hours a week violated the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution by infringing on the individual's liberty of contract, famously wrote: \"The Fourteenth Amendment does not enact Mr. Herbert Spencer's Social Statics.\" References External links online copy 1851 non-fiction books Libertarian books Herbert Spencer", "title": "Social Statics" } ]	[ { "docid": "5858078", "text": "The , or the , are the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth amendments to the United States Constitution, adopted between 1865 and 1870. The amendments were a part of the implementation of the Reconstruction of the American South which occurred after the Civil War. The Thirteenth Amendment (proposed in 1864 and ratified in 1865) abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except for those duly convicted of a crime. The Fourteenth Amendment (proposed in 1866 and ratified in 1868) addresses citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws for all persons. The Fifteenth Amendment (proposed in 1869 and ratified in 1870) prohibits discrimination in voting rights of citizens on the basis of \"race, color, or previous condition of servitude.\" These amendments were intended to guarantee the freedom of the formerly enslaved and grant certain civil rights to them, and to protect the formerly enslaved and all citizens of the United States from discrimination. However, the promise of these amendments was eroded by state laws and federal court decisions throughout the late 19th century. The promise of these amendments was not fully realized until the Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education in 1954 and laws such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Background The Reconstruction Amendments were adopted between 1865 and 1870, the five years which immediately followed the Civil War. The last time the Constitution had been amended was with the Twelfth Amendment more than 60 years earlier in 1804. These three amendments were part of a large movement to reconstruct the United States that followed the Civil War. Their proponents believed that they would transform the United States from a country that was (in Abraham Lincoln's words) \"half slave and half free\" to one in which the constitutionally guaranteed \"blessings of liberty\" would be extended to the entire populace, including the formerly enslaved and their descendants. Thirteenth Amendment The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for a crime. It was passed by the U.S. Senate on April 8, 1864, and, after one unsuccessful vote and extensive legislative maneuvering by the Lincoln administration, the House followed suit on January 31, 1865. The measure was swiftly ratified by all but three Union states (the exceptions were Delaware, New Jersey, and Kentucky), and by a sufficient number of border and \"reconstructed\" Southern states, to be ratified by December 6, 1865. On December 18, 1865, Secretary of State William H. Seward proclaimed it to have been incorporated into the federal Constitution. It became part of the Constitution 61 years after the Twelfth Amendment, the longest interval between constitutional amendments to date. Slavery had been tacitly enshrined in the original Constitution through provisions such as Article I, Section 2, Clause 3, commonly known as the Three-Fifths Compromise, which detailed how each state's total enslaved population would be factored into its total population count for the purposes of apportioning seats in the United States House of Representatives", "title": "Reconstruction Amendments" }, { "docid": "17849980", "text": "Lockett v. Ohio, 438 U.S. 586 (1978), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that sentencing authorities must have the discretion to consider at least some mitigating factors, rather than being limited to a specific list of factors. Background An Ohio law required that the death penalty was mandatory for felons convicted of aggravated murder unless the victim had induced the offense, the offense was committed under duress or coercion, or the offense was a product of mental deficiencies. Sandra Lockett, the driver of the getaway car for a robbery that resulted in the murder of a pawnshop owner, was found guilty under the Ohio statute and sentenced to death. Question before the Court Does the Ohio statute requiring the death penalty for felons convicted of aggravated murder violate the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments by limiting the consideration of mitigating factors? Opinion of the Court With a 7-1 decision in favor of Lockett, Justice Burger wrote the opinion for the majority. The Court held that the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments required, in all but the rarest cases, that sentencers consider all mitigating factors surrounding the accused murderer before coming to the decision of applying the death penalty. These mitigating factors include, \"a defendant's character or record and any circumstances of the offense proffered as a reason for a sentence less than death.\" Justice Burger, joined by Justice Stewart, Justice Powell and Justice Stevens concluded that \"the limited range of mitigating circumstances that may be considered by the sentencer under the Ohio death penalty statute is incompatible with the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments.\" The Court cited Gregg, when the Court had previously approved of a statute that permitted the jury to \"consider any aggravating or mitigating circumstances\" to support their decision in Lockett Justice Blackmun's concurrence Justice Blackmun agreed with the majority of the opinion written by the Chief Justice, however, he \"would do so for a reason more limited than that which the plurality espouses, and for an additional reason not relied upon by the plurality.\" Justice Marshall's concurrence In a separate special concurrence from Justice Blackmun, Justice Marshall noted his opposition of the death penalty on its face, and deemed it a form of cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the Eighth Amendment of the Constitution. Justice Marshall notes that \"when a death sentence is imposed under the circumstances presented here, I fail to understand how any of my Brethren -- even those who believe that the death penalty is not wholly inconsistent with the Constitution -- can disagree that it must be vacated.\" See also List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 438 References External links 1978 in United States case law United States Supreme Court cases United States Supreme Court cases of the Burger Court Cruel and Unusual Punishment Clause and death penalty case law United States Fifth Amendment self-incrimination case law United States Sixth Amendment jury case law Capital punishment in Ohio", "title": "Lockett v. Ohio" }, { "docid": "637496", "text": "United States v. Wong Kim Ark, 169 U.S. 649 (1898), was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court which held that \"a child born in the United States, of parents of Chinese descent, who, at the time of his birth, are subjects of the Emperor of China, but have a permanent domicile and residence in the United States, and are there carrying on business, and are not employed in any diplomatic or official capacity under the Emperor of China\", automatically became a U.S. citizen at birth. This decision established an important precedent in its interpretation of the Citizenship Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution. Wong Kim Ark, who was born in San Francisco in 1873, had been denied re-entry to the United States after a trip abroad, under the Chinese Exclusion Act, a law banning virtually all Chinese immigration and prohibiting Chinese immigrants from becoming naturalized U.S. citizens. He challenged the government's refusal to recognize his citizenship, and the Supreme Court ruled in his favor, holding that the citizenship language in the Fourteenth Amendment encompassed the circumstances of his birth and could not be limited in its effect by an act of Congress. The case highlighted disagreements over the precise meaning of one phrase in the Citizenship Clause—namely, the provision that a person born in the United States who is \"subject to the jurisdiction thereof\" acquires automatic citizenship. The Supreme Court's majority concluded that this phrase referred to being required to obey U.S. law; on this basis, they interpreted the language of the Fourteenth Amendment in a way that granted U.S. citizenship to children born of foreigners (a concept known as jus soli), with only a limited set of exceptions mostly based in English common law. The court's dissenters argued that being subject to the jurisdiction of the United States meant not being subject to any foreign power—that is, not being claimed as a citizen by another country via jus sanguinis (inheriting citizenship from a parent)—an interpretation which, in the minority's view, would have excluded \"the children of foreigners, happening to be born to them while passing through the country\". In the words of a 2007 legal analysis of events following the Wong Kim Ark decision, \"The parameters of the jus soli principle, as stated by the court in Wong Kim Ark, have never been seriously questioned by the Supreme Court, and have been accepted as dogma by lower courts.\" A 2010 review of the history of the Citizenship Clause notes that the Wong Kim Ark decision held that the guarantee of birthright citizenship \"applies to children of foreigners present on American soil\" and states that the Supreme Court \"has not re-examined this issue since the concept of 'illegal alien' entered the language\". Since the 1990s, however, controversy has arisen over the longstanding practice of granting automatic citizenship to U.S.-born children of illegal immigrants, and legal scholars disagree over whether the Wong Kim Ark precedent applies when alien parents are in the country illegally. Attempts have been", "title": "United States v. Wong Kim Ark" }, { "docid": "10249307", "text": "Elk v. Wilkins, 112 U.S. 94 (1884), was a United States Supreme Court landmark 1884 decision with respect to the citizenship status of Indians. John Elk, a Winnebago Indian, was born on an Indian reservation within the territorial bounds of United States. He later resided off-reservation in Omaha, Nebraska, where he renounced his former tribal allegiance and claimed birthright citizenship by virtue of the Citizenship Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. The case came about after Elk tried to register to vote on April 5, 1880 and was denied by Charles Wilkins, the named defendant, who was registrar of voters of the Fifth ward of the City of Omaha. In a 7–2 decision, the Supreme Court ruled that even though Elk was born in the United States, he was not a citizen because he owed allegiance to his tribe when he was born rather than to the United States, and therefore was not subject to the jurisdiction of the United States when he was born. The United States Congress later enacted the Indian Citizenship Act of 1924, which established citizenship for Indians previously excluded by the Constitution. Though rendered undebatable for its application to native Indians by this law, the majority opinion offered by the Court in this case remains valid for interpretation of future citizenship issues regarding the 14th Amendment. Background The question then was whether an Indian born a member of one of the Indian tribes within the United States is, merely by reason of their birth within the United States and of their afterward voluntarily separating themself from the tribe and taking up residence among white citizens, a citizen of the United States within the meaning of the first section of the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution. Under the Constitution, Congress had and exercised the power to regulate commerce with the Indian tribes, and the members thereof, within or without the boundaries of one of the states of the Union. The \"Indian tribes, being within the territorial limits of the United States, were not, strictly speaking, foreign states\"; but \"they were alien nations, distinct political communities\", with whom the United States dealt with through treaties and acts of Congress. The members of those tribes owed immediate allegiance to their several tribes, and were not part of the people of the United States. Decision Even though Elk was born within the territorial jurisdiction of the United States, he was born as a subject of an Indian nation, and thus could not meet the allegiance test of the jurisdictional phrase because he \"owed immediate allegiance to\" his tribe, a vassal or quasi-nation, not to the United States. The Court held Elk was not \"subject to the jurisdiction\" of the United States at birth. \"The evident meaning of these last words is, not merely subject in some respect or degree to the jurisdiction of the United States, but completely subject to their political jurisdiction, and owing them direct and immediate allegiance.\" Subsequent legislation The exclusion of Native Americans from citizenship was", "title": "Elk v. Wilkins" }, { "docid": "9639784", "text": "Equal justice under law is a phrase engraved on the West Pediment, above the front entrance of the United States Supreme Court building in Washington D.C. It is also a societal ideal that has influenced the American legal system. The phrase was proposed by the building's architects, and then approved by judges of the Court in 1932. It is based upon Fourteenth Amendment jurisprudence, and has historical antecedents dating back to ancient Greece. Proposed by architects and approved by justices This phrase was suggested in 1932 by the architectural firm that designed the building. Chief Justice Charles Evans Hughes and Justice Willis Van Devanter subsequently approved this inscription, as did the United States Supreme Court Building Commission which Hughes chaired (and on which Van Devanter served). The architectural firm that proposed the phrase was headed by Cass Gilbert, though Gilbert himself was much more interested in design and arrangement, than in meaning. Thus, according to David Lynn who at that time held the position of Architect of the Capitol, the two people at Gilbert's firm who were responsible for the slogan \"equal justice under law\" were Gilbert's son (Cass Gilbert, Jr.) and Gilbert's partner, John R. Rockart. In 1935, the journalist Herbert Bayard Swope objected to Chief Justice Hughes about this inscription, urging that the word \"equal\" be removed because such a \"qualification\" renders the phrase too narrow; the equality principle would still be implied without that word, Swope said. Hughes refused, writing that it was appropriate to \"place a strong emphasis upon impartiality\". This legal soundbite atop the Court is perceived differently by different people, sometimes as ostentatious, often as profound, and occasionally as vacuous. According to law professor Jim Chen, it is common for people to \"suggest that disagreement with some contestable legal proposition or another would be tantamount to chiseling or sandblasting 'Equal Justice Under Law' from the Supreme Court's portico.\" The phrase may be perceived in a variety of ways, but it very distinctly does not say \"equal law under justice\", which would have meant that the judiciary can prioritize justice over law. Based upon Fourteenth Amendment jurisprudence The words \"equal justice under law\" paraphrase an earlier expression coined in 1891 by the Supreme Court. In the case of Caldwell v. Texas, Chief Justice Melville Fuller wrote on behalf of a unanimous Court as follows, regarding the Fourteenth Amendment: \"the powers of the States in dealing with crime within their borders are not limited, but no State can deprive particular persons or classes of persons of equal and impartial justice under the law.\" The last seven words are summarized by the inscription on the U.S. Supreme Court building. Later in 1891, Fuller's opinion for the Court in Leeper v. Texas again referred to \"equal...justice under...law\". Like Caldwell, the Leeper opinion was unanimous, in contrast to the Fuller Court's major disagreements about equality issues in other cases such as Plessy v. Ferguson. In both Caldwell and Leeper, murder indictments were challenged because they allegedly gave inadequate notice", "title": "Equal justice under law" }, { "docid": "58157759", "text": "Rock v. Arkansas, 483 U.S. 44 (1987), was a Supreme Court of the United States case in which the Court held that criminal defendants have a constitutional right to testify on their own behalf. The right of a person to represent oneself in a court of law had been recognized for a very long time prior to this case. This right has been established by both legislative enactments and judicial rulings alike. An 1864 appropriations act allowed defendants to testify for themselves. The right of a criminal defendant to represent oneself had already been recognized by courts prior to this case. In Faretta v. California, the United States Supreme Court held that criminal defendants are constitutionally free to decline or reject professional lawyers as legal representation in state-level courts as well as to serve as their own legal counsels in such trials. In that case, the Court noted the lengthy history of the right by stating: The movement in favor of allowing defendants to testify for themselves was popular, but its critics worried that it would destroy the presumption of innocence because of the perception that someone who is innocent of a crime would certainly speak to defend themselves and a person who is guilty of a crime would certainly not do so. This perception is inaccurate because a defendant's past becomes broadly admissible as evidence when they take the stand, so testifying may be against their interests. For example, when an individual with a criminal record testifies in their own trial, that past record can be presented to persuade the jury that they are the kind of person who would have done what they are accused of in the present. In a sense, the critics' worries have come to pass because relevant scholarship indicates that there is a measurable difference between the conviction rates of factually-innocent people whenever they do testify or they do not testify. Juries tend to convict criminal defendants who choose to testify for themselves at higher rates; likewise, juries tend to acquit criminal defendants who decline to testify for themselves. See also Johnson v. Zerbst (1938) Betts v. Brady (1942) Hoyt v. Florida (1961) Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) Sheppard v. Maxwell (1966) Bruton v. United States (1968) Apodaca v. Oregon (1972) Johnson v. Louisiana (1972) Argersinger v. Hamlin (1972) Barker v. Wingo (1972) Taylor v. Louisiana (1975) Faretta v. California (1975) Bounds v. Smith (1977) Scott v. Illinois (1979) Godinez v. Moran (1993) Apprendi v. New Jersey (2000) Martinez v. Court of Appeal of California, Fourth Appellate District (2000) Alabama v. Shelton (2002) Crawford v. Washington (2004) Blakely v. Washington (2004) Davis v. Washington (2006) Indiana v. Edwards (2008) Melendez-Diaz v. Massachusetts (2009) Michigan v. Bryant (2011) Bullcoming v. New Mexico (2011) Alleyne v. United States (2013) Peña-Rodriguez v. Colorado (2017) Ramos v. Louisiana (2020) References External links 1987 in United States case law United States Fourth Amendment case law United States Fifth Amendment self-incrimination case law United States Fourteenth Amendment case law United States", "title": "Rock v. Arkansas" }, { "docid": "15541852", "text": "In traditional Arabic music, maqam (, literally \"rank\"; ) is the system of melodic modes, which is mainly melodic. The word maqam in Arabic means place, location or position. The Arabic maqam is a melody type. It is \"a technique of improvisation\" that defines the pitches, patterns, and development of a piece of music and is \"unique to Arabian art music\". There are 72 heptatonic tone rows or scales of maqamat. These are constructed from augmented, major, neutral, and minor seconds. Each maqam is built on a scale, and carries a tradition that defines its habitual phrases, important notes, melodic development and modulation. Both compositions and improvisations in traditional Arabic music are based on the maqam system. Maqamat can be realized with either vocal or instrumental music, and do not include a rhythmic component. An essential factor in performance is that each maqam describes the \"tonal-spatial factor\" or set of musical notes and the relationships between them, including traditional patterns and development of melody, while the \"rhythmic-temporal component\" is \"subjected to no definite organization\". A maqam does not have an \"established, regularly recurring bar scheme nor an unchanging meter. A certain rhythm does sometimes identify the style of a performer, but this is dependent upon their performance technique and is never characteristic of the maqam as such.\" The compositional or rather precompositional aspect of the maqam is the tonal-spatial organization, including the number of tone levels, and the improvisational aspect is the construction of the rhythmic-temporal scheme. Background The designation maqam appeared for the first time in the treatises written in the fourteenth century by al-Sheikh al-Safadi and Abdulqadir al-Maraghi, and has since been used as a technical term in Arabic music. The maqam is a modal structure that characterizes the art of music of countries in North Africa, the Near East and Central Asia. Three main musical cultures belong to the maqam modal family: Arabic, Persian, and Turkish. Tuning system The notes of a maqam are not always tuned in equal temperament, meaning that the frequency ratios of successive pitches are not necessarily identical. A maqam also determines other things, such as the tonic (starting note), the ending note, and the dominant note. It also determines which notes should be emphasized and which should not. Arabic maqamat are based on a musical scale of 7 notes that repeats at the octave. Some maqamat have 2 or more alternative scales (e.g. Rast, Nahawand and Hijaz). Maqam scales in traditional Arabic music are microtonal, not based on a twelve-tone equal-tempered musical tuning system, as is the case in modern Western music. Most maqam scales include a perfect fifth or a perfect fourth (or both), and all octaves are perfect. The remaining notes in a maqam scale may or may not exactly land on semitones. For this reason maqam scales are mostly taught orally, and by extensive listening to the traditional Arabic music repertoire. Notation Since accurately notating every possible microtonal interval is impractical, a simplified musical notation system was adopted in", "title": "Arabic maqam" }, { "docid": "53368524", "text": "Privacy in education refers to the broad area of ideologies, practices, and legislation that involve the privacy rights of individuals in the education system. Concepts that are commonly associated with privacy in education include the expectation of privacy, the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA), the Fourth Amendment, and the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA). Most privacy in education concerns relate to the protection of student data (like educational records and other personal information) and the privacy of medical records. Many scholars are engaging in an academic discussion that covers the scope of students’ privacy rights, from student in K-12 and even higher education, and the management of student data in an age of rapid access and dissemination of information. Expectation of privacy \"Expectation of privacy,\" similar to the \"right to privacy,\" is a phrase that describes the natural desire of humans to maintain their sense of privacy. There is currently no legal definition in the American law that explicitly grants humans the right to privacy. Oftentimes, the Fourth Amendment is utilized by people in court cases to defend themselves from actions that involve certain infringements upon their privacy, such as searches that require warrants. However, over the years, the U.S. Supreme Court has found it difficult to determine an impartial non-biased meaning for \"expectation of privacy\" because there are too many subjective variables to consider. Student expectation of privacy In line with the general meaning of \"expectation of privacy,\" student expectation of privacy refers to a student's inherent right to privacy in the school system. Examples of student expectation of privacy, especially in the pre-collegiate levels, include the protection of a student's academic record from being viewed by anyone other than the academic instructor, the student's parents or guardians, and the students themselves. There have been many legal cases regarding the privacy concerns of pupils' academic records, for example the Owasso Independent School District v. Falvo that was handled by the U.S. Supreme Court in 2002. This particular case began in October 1998 when Kristja J. Falvo filed a lawsuit against the Owasso Independent School District on the premise that the grading practice employed in her children's classroom, peer grading, was a violation of the Fourteenth Amendment and of FERPA. Additionally, peer grading embarrassed her children in front of their peers, which could be interpreted as a violation of a student's expectation of privacy in the classroom. When the case reached the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals, it was ruled in October 2000 that peer grading was not a violation of the constitutional Fourteenth Amendment but was, in fact, a violation of FERPA. The Tenth Circuit judges reasoned so by closely interpreting the statue in FERPA about privacy protection of \"educational records.\" Since it was agreed upon that teacher grade books were considered \"educational records,\" the Tenth Circuit decided that anything that went into these grade books, including student grades written on student work, were also considered \"educational records\" and thus subject to FERPA's", "title": "Privacy in education" }, { "docid": "32920886", "text": "The Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution of South Africa (formally the Constitution Fourteenth Amendment Act of 2008) repealed some of the provisions inserted into the Constitution by the Ninth and Tenth Amendments which allowed for floor-crossing, that is, allowed members of legislative bodies to move from one political party to another without losing their seats. The remaining floor-crossing provisions were repealed by the Fifteenth Amendment, which was enacted at the same time. The Fourteenth Amendment contained the repeal provisions which affected the provincial legislatures and the National Council of Provinces (NCOP), and therefore had to be approved by six of nine provinces in the NCOP as well as by two-thirds of the National Assembly, while the Fifteenth Amendment contained the remaining provisions which only had to be approved by the Assembly. The bills for both amendments were passed by the National Assembly on 20 August 2008, with the Fourteenth Amendment receiving 310 votes in favour and none opposed. The bill for the Fourteenth Amendment was passed by the NCOP on 19 November 2008 with all nine provinces voting in favour. Both amendments were signed by President Kgalema Motlanthe on 6 January 2009, and came into force on 17 April 2009, days before the 2009 general election. References External links Official text (PDF) Amendments of the Constitution of South Africa 2008 in South African law 2008 legislation", "title": "Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution of South Africa" }, { "docid": "12801089", "text": "Three referendums were held in Ireland on 25 November 1992, the same day as the 1992 general election. Each was on a proposed amendment of the Irish constitution relating to the law on abortion. They were enumerated as the Twelfth, Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments. The proposed Twelfth Amendment was rejected by voters while both the Thirteenth and Fourteenth were approved. Background The Eighth Amendment of the Constitution was approved in a referendum in 1983. It inserted a new sub-section in section 3 of Article 40. The resulting Article 40.3.3° read: The proposed Twelfth and Thirteenth Amendments were held to reverse differing elements of the Supreme Court's decision in the X case in which the Supreme Court held that a risk of suicide by a pregnant woman could constitute a risk to her health which would justify an abortion, and that the courts had to power to grant an injunction preventing a pregnant woman from travelling abroad for an abortion. The Fourteenth Amendment also related to abortion and was introduced to reverse decision by the courts in the abortion information cases. In these cases — beginning with Attorney-General (Society for the Protection of the Unborn Child) v Open Door Counselling Ltd. — the courts had granted injunctions preventing individuals from distributing contact information for foreign abortion clinics. Wording Twelfth Amendment Bill The Twelfth Amendment of the Constitution Bill 1992 proposed that the possibility of suicide was not a sufficient threat to justify an abortion. The wording of the proposed amendment was: Thirteenth Amendment The Thirteenth Amendment of the Constitution provided that the prohibition of abortion would not limit freedom of travel from Ireland to other countries where a person might legally obtain an abortion. The wording of the proposed amendment was: Fourteenth Amendment The Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution proposed: Result References Further reading 1992 in Irish law 1992 in Irish politics 1992 referendums Ireland 1992 November 1992 events in Europe Constitutional 1992", "title": "November 1992 Irish constitutional referendums" }, { "docid": "57169873", "text": "Privacy and the United States government consists of enacted legislation, funding of regulatory agencies, enforcement of court precedents, creation of congressional committees, evaluation of judicial decisions, and implementation of executive orders in response to major court cases and technological change. Because the United States government is composed of three distinct branches governed by both the separation of powers and checks and balances, the change in privacy practice can be separated relative to the actions performed by the three branches. The purpose of the legislative branch: To perform congressional actions that clarify what constitutes privacy tort, to outline punishments for those who violate privacy law, and to protect the people's “right to privacy” through regulation. The purpose of judiciary branch: To examine individual privacy issues and create widespread precedent that both protects and infringes upon existing personal privacy law vested within Congressional legislation and constitutional amendments. The purpose of executive branch: To pursue actions that help emphasize certain issues and expedite the process regarding particular policy through platform politics, executive orders, and pushing and signing of bills into law. Congress, the Supreme Court, and the Presidency work closely with one another to help define privacy law in the United States and often build upon each other when improving privacy practice and regulation. Prior to implementation of these branch actions, the notion of privacy rights can be traced back to the First, Third, Fourth, Fifth, Ninth and Fourteenth Amendments of the United States Constitution. Privacy in the US Constitution The Constitution of the United States serves as one of the most influential founding documents of the United States federal government. The United States Constitution's primary purpose is to frame the structure and function of the three branches of government; however, its amendments are commonly used as evidence for the notion of a legal right to privacy. First Amendment The First Amendment states the government cannot violate the individual's right to \" freedom of speech, or of the press\". In the past, this amendment primarily served as a legal justification for infringement on an individual's right to privacy; as a result, the government was unable to clearly outline a protective scope of the right to speech versus the right to privacy. The most common cases through which individual private privacy is infringed upon is through unregulated freedom of speech and press which includes defamation speech under the First Amendment. Initially, in the case of criminal libel and press defamation cases, the Court often protected the individual's right to speech; however, as protection of privacy became a larger political issue, the Courts and Congress realized that the information must be \"well-informed\" to fall within the protection of the First Amendment especially when another's right to privacy is involved. Third Amendment The Third Amendment protects against the sanctity and privacy within the home, by protecting against the quartering of soldiers. This justifies personal private property and protections against governing bodies usurping power and private property during times of war. Although not used that often, it", "title": "Privacy and the US government" }, { "docid": "67546344", "text": "Houston Community College System v. Wilson, 595 U.S. ___ (2022), is a United States Supreme Court case involving the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. The unanimous Court held that a local government board member's freedom of speech was not abridged when he was verbally censured by his colleagues. Background David Buren Wilson was elected a member of the Houston Community College System's board in 2013 who was censured for repeated incidences of what other members of the Board of Trustees deemed to be behavior that was not becoming of an elected official or beneficial to the HCC system. Wilson filed suit in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas claiming that the censure was an offense to his First Amendment rights. In March 2019, U.S. District Judge Kenneth M. Hoyt dismissed Wilson's complaint, finding that no right was violated so no injury was suffered. In April 2020, the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, reversed, with U.S. Circuit Judge W. Eugene Davis writing for the unanimous panel that Wilson had suffered \"mental anguish\" and criticizing the lower court for using out of circuit precedent. The Fifth Circuit then deadlocked 8-8 on whether to rehear en banc, with Circuit Judges Edith Jones and James C. Ho both writing dissents criticizing the panel for creating a circuit split. Supreme Court Certiorari was granted in the case on April 26, 2021. The Court heard oral arguments on November 2, 2021, where an assistant to the Solicitor General of the United States appeared as a friend of the community college. On March 24, 2022, the Supreme Court announced judgment in favor of the community college, unanimously voting to reverse the circuit court. Writing for the Court, Justice Neil Gorsuch found that Wilson's First Amendment rights were not violated by his fellow board members' censure of him because the censure did not result in any hindrance of his ability to exercise his free speech in his capacity as an elected official and member of the public. The opinion cites the fact that the use of censure by elected bodies to address the behavior and actions of their members is a practice with a long history in the United States, and it also states that the censure itself constitutes an exercise of First Amendment rights by Wilson's colleagues on the board who voted to reprimand him. References External links Case page at SCOTUSblog Case preview from Cornell's Legal Information Institute 2022 in United States case law United States Supreme Court cases United States Supreme Court cases of the Roberts Court United States Free Speech Clause case law", "title": "Houston Community College System v. Wilson" }, { "docid": "863399", "text": "Board of Trustees of the University of Alabama v. Garrett, 531 U.S. 356 (2001), was a United States Supreme Court case about Congress's enforcement powers under the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The Supreme Court decided that Title I of the Americans with Disabilities Act was unconstitutional, insofar as it allowed states to be sued by private citizens for money damages. Background The plaintiffs were Milton Ash and Patricia Garrett, both employees of the University of Alabama school system. They were disabled under the definition of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Ash was a security guard who had a lifelong history of severe asthma, and Garrett was a nurse who had been diagnosed with breast cancer requiring time-consuming radiation and chemotherapy treatments. Both alleged that they had been discriminated against at their jobs. The university had refused to assign Ash to duties that would alleviate his asthma and insisted on transferring Garrett because of her absences. Ash and Garrett filed a suit in federal court against the University of Alabama for damages, arguing that the university had violated Title I of the ADA, which prohibiting discrimination in employment on the basis of disability. The University of Alabama responded with a motion to dismiss on the grounds that the Eleventh Amendment prohibited the suit. The United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama dismissed both cases on that ground, but the Eleventh Circuit reversed and held that Congress had expressly abrogated the sovereign immunity of the states. Issue Can Congress abrogate states' immunity under its Fourteenth Amendment power to enforce the Equal Protection Clause? Decision The majority opinion stated that Congress, in enacting the ADA, had satisfied the requirement that it make clear its intention to abrogate state sovereign immunity and allow states to be sued for damages under the Fourteenth Amendment. However, the majority opinion also stated that part of the ADA to lack the \"congruence and proportionality\" required when Congress exercises its enforcement power under the Fourteenth Amendment, citing City of Boerne v. Flores (1997). Under the Equal Protection Clause, discrimination against people with disabilities is analyzed by \"rational basis\" scrutiny: if the discrimination has a rational basis, it is constitutional. In this case, the Court held that Congress, like the judiciary, was required to use rational basis review of state action, with its presumptions favoring constitutionality. The Supreme Court decided that the legislative record of the ADA \"fails to show that Congress did in fact identify a pattern of irrational state discrimination in employment against the disabled.\" The Supreme Court stated that the \"reasonable accommodation\" requirement of the ADA law failed the congruence and proportionality test despite the hardship exception to the accommodation requirement: \"The ADA does except employers from the 'reasonable accommodatio[n]' requirement where the employer 'can demonstrate that the accommodation would impose an undue hardship on the operation of the business of such covered entity.' § 12112(b)(5)(A). However, even with this exception, the accommodation duty far exceeds what is constitutionally required", "title": "Board of Trustees of the University of Alabama v. Garrett" }, { "docid": "56157056", "text": "Palmer v. Thompson, 403 U.S. 217 (1971), is a United States Supreme Court civil rights case which concerned the interpretation of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Background The city of Jackson, Mississippi, closed all of its public swimming pools, as opposed to integrating them. Originally there were five public pools, but the city closed four of them, and surrendered its lease to the fifth pool to the lessor, the YMCA, which continued to operate the pool privately and on a segregated basis. Hazel Palmer, mother of a freedom rider who was arrested at the bus station, and other black citizens filed suit against the city under the Fourteenth Amendment's guarantee of equal protection and under the Thirteenth Amendment, on the grounds that the city's actions created a \"badge or incident\" of slavery. The lower courts found no constitutional violation. On appeal to the Supreme Court, the case was argued by Paul A. Rosen and William Kunstler for the petitioners. With them on the briefs were Ernest Goodman and Arthur Kinoy. The case was argued for the respondents by William F. Goodman, Jr. Holding The Supreme Court held in its syllabus, \"The closing of the pools to all persons did not constitute a denial of equal protection of the laws under the Fourteenth Amendment to the Negroes.\" The court stated \"there was no evidence that the city conspired with the YMCA that its pool be segregated.\" The court further rejected the equal protection argument that the city's action \"was motivated by a desire to avoid integration of the races\" because \"no case in this Court has held that a legislative act may violate equal protection solely because of the motivations of the men who voted for it.\" Legacy The case was cited by the United States Department of Justice in defending President Donald Trump's travel bans. References Further reading Paul Brest, \"Palmer v. Thompson: An Approach to the Problem of Unconstitutional Legislative Motive,\" Supreme Court Review External links 1971 in case law United States Supreme Court cases United States Supreme Court cases of the Burger Court United States Fourteenth Amendment case law", "title": "Palmer v. Thompson" }, { "docid": "58183203", "text": "In 1868, the Democrats nominated former New York Governor Horatio Seymour for President and Francis Preston Blair Jr. (a Representative from Missouri) for Vice President. The Seymour-Blair ticket ran on a platform which supported national reconciliation and states' rights, opposed Reconstruction, and opposed both Black equality and Black suffrage. Meanwhile, the Republican presidential ticket led by General Ulysses S. Grant benefited from Grant's status as a war hero (for winning the American Civil War) and ran on a pro-Reconstruction (and pro-Fourteenth Amendment) platform. Ultimately, the Seymour-Blair ticket ended up losing to the Republican ticket of General Ulysses S. Grant and House Speaker Schuyler Colfax in the 1868 U.S. presidential election. Background The 1868 election occurred three years after the end of the American Civil War and less than a year after President Andrew Johnson's impeachment (Johnson failed to get convicted by one vote). In addition, during the 1868 campaign season, the Fourteenth Amendment was ratified in order to secure basic rights for newly freed African-Americans. Some controversy was generated due to the fact that the Republican U.S. Congress made ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment a precondition for the former Confederate states to rejoin the Union. The run-up to the 1868 Democratic National Convention After the 1866 elections, some prominent Democrats considered nominating General Ulysses S. Grant as the Democratic nominee for U.S. president in 1868. However, this idea was dropped after Grant made it clear that he did not want to be associated with the Democratic Party. The Democrats then turned to their 1864 vice presidential nominee and former Ohio Congressman George H. Pendleton. Pendleton – the initial frontrunner for the 1868 Democratic presidential nomination – was a principled opponent of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War, was noted for his intelligence and civility, and had a lot of support in the Western United States. What ultimately doomed Pendleton's bid was his \"soft money views\" and specifically his support of printing more money in order to spur inflation so that debtors can have some relief. Thus, some Democrats searched for a \"hard money\" alternative (specifically someone who supported the gold standard) to Pendleton – with Indiana Senator Thomas A. Hendricks being a possible contender for this role. Another prominent candidate for the 1868 Democratic presidential nomination was Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase. While Chase won the support of Democrats such as Congressmen S. S. \"Sunset\" Cox of New York and Daniel Voorhees of Indiana, what ultimately doomed his bid was his support of Black manhood suffrage and other basic rights for African-Americans. Other Democratic presidential candidates in 1868 included Senator James Doolittle of Wisconsin, Governor Joel Parker of New Jersey, Governor James English of Connecticut, General Winfield Scott Hancock of Pennsylvania (who ultimately ended up becoming the Democratic presidential nominee in 1880), former Lieutenant Governor Sanford Church of New York, and former Congressman and railroad president Asa Packer of Pennsylvania. In addition, incumbent U.S. President Andrew Johnson attempted to secure conservative support for getting the 1868 Democratic", "title": "Horatio Seymour 1868 presidential campaign" }, { "docid": "6522675", "text": "Kimel v. Florida Board of Regents, 528 U.S. 62 (2000), was a US Supreme Court case that determined that the US Congress's enforcement powers under the Fourteenth Amendment to the US Constitution did not extend to the abrogation of state sovereign immunity under the Eleventh Amendment over complaints of discrimination that is rationally based on age. Facts and result Employees of Florida State University and Florida International University, including J. Daniel Kimel, Jr., sued under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) of 1967 because the failure to adjust pay had a disparate impact on older employees. Wellington Dickson sued his employer, the Florida Department of Corrections, for not promoting him because of his age. Roderick MacPherson and Marvin Narz, who were associate professors at the University of Montevallo in Alabama, sued under the ADEA and alleged an evaluation system that discriminated against the elderly. The cases of Kimel, Dickson, MacPherson and Narz were consolidated on appeal to the Eleventh Circuit and remained consolidated when the Supreme Court granted certiorari. Kimel invalidated the ADEA insofar as it allowed plaintiffs to sue states for money damages. Legal background Kimel concerned the ability of Congress to override the states' \"sovereign immunity\" using its power under the Fourteenth Amendment. Sovereign immunity is a principle that originally comes from English law and referred to the immunity of the English monarch from suits. Sovereign immunity, according to the Supreme Court in Hans v. Louisiana (1890), normally prevents a state from being sued by its own citizens in federal court. That bar from suits, the Court stated, came from the Eleventh Amendment even though the express terms of the amendment provide only that citizens of one state cannot sue another state. In Fitzpatrick v. Bitzer (1976), however, the Court made an exception to that usual rule. Fitzpatrick held that Congress could use its power under Section 5 of the Fourteenth Amendment, which allows Congress to enforce the substantive terms of the Fourteenth Amendment, including the Equal Protection Clause, by positive legislation, to override state sovereign immunity. However, in 1997, in City of Boerne v. Flores, the Court limited congressional power to override state sovereign immunity using the Fourteenth Amendment. For the first time, it required \"congruence and proportionality\" between the constitutional wrong and the congressionally-enacted remedy to protect constitutional rights. Boerne held that only the Supreme Court could determine what constituted a constitutional wrong, and Congress was not allowed to increase the level of constitutional protection beyond what the Court had recognized. Specifically, Boerne interpreted the scope of Section 5 of the Fourteenth Amendment, which states, \"The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article.\" The Court in Kimel based its decision in large part on Boerne. The importance of Kimel was the strict limits it placed on the ability of Congress to abrogate the states' sovereign immunity under Section 5 of the Fourteenth Amendment. Decision Justice O'Connor wrote the majority opinion and stated that Congress, in enacting the ADEA,", "title": "Kimel v. Florida Board of Regents" }, { "docid": "1728039", "text": "Fitzpatrick v. Bitzer, 427 U.S. 445 (1976), was a United States Supreme Court decision that determined that the U.S. Congress has the power to abrogate the Eleventh Amendment sovereign immunity of the states, if this is done pursuant to its Fourteenth Amendment power to enforce upon the states the guarantees of the Fourteenth Amendment. Background In 1972, Congress amended Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. § 2000e, Chapter 21, Subchapter VI) to allow individuals to sue state governments for money damages for discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. The plaintiffs, a group of male retirees, sued the State of Connecticut for sex discrimination against them in its retirement policies. Connecticut invoked its Eleventh Amendment sovereign immunity, and both the District Court and the Court of Appeals allowed only injunctive relief; they denied monetary recovery, although the Court of Appeals permitted attorney's fees. Both of those courts pointed to Edelman v. Jordan, , a US Supreme Court case holding that the Eleventh Amendment prohibits a federal court from ordering a state to pay money to an individual who is wronged by the state. The plaintiffs appealed to the Supreme Court. Issue Can Congress abrogate state sovereign immunity under Section 5 of the Fourteenth Amendment? Decision The Court, in an opinion by Justice William Rehnquist, distinguished previous cases in which attempts by individuals to sue the states for money damages (or the equivalent), including Edelman v. Jordan, had failed because the plaintiffs had not identified an express provision by Congress that permitted such lawsuits. The Court ruled that Congress has the power, under the Fourteenth Amendment, to abrogate sovereign immunity of states, as it was enacted specifically to limit the power of the states with the purpose of enforcing civil rights guarantees against them. See also List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 427 External links United States Supreme Court cases United States Eleventh Amendment case law United States Fourteenth Amendment, section five case law 1976 in United States case law United States Supreme Court cases of the Burger Court States' rights", "title": "Fitzpatrick v. Bitzer" }, { "docid": "12844430", "text": "The Twenty-fifth Amendment of the Constitution (Protection of Human Life in Pregnancy) Bill 2001 (bill no. 48 of 2001) was a proposed amendment to the Constitution of Ireland to tighten the constitutional ban on abortion. It would have removed the threat of suicide as a grounds for legal abortion in the state, as well as introducing new penalties for anyone performing an abortion, by giving constitutional status to legislation proposed to be enacted after the amendment. It was narrowly rejected in a referendum held on 6 March 2002, with 50.4% against. Overview In 1983 the Eighth Amendment introduced a constitutional ban on abortion in Ireland. The X Case in 1992 established the right of Irish women to an abortion if a pregnant woman's life was at risk because of the pregnancy, including from the risk of suicide. Later in 1992, three separate constitutional amendments on the subject of abortion were put to a vote. The Twelfth Amendment Bill, which would have excluded the risk of suicide as grounds for abortion was rejected. The Thirteenth Amendment, which guaranteed freedom of travel to obtain an abortion abroad, and the Fourteenth Amendment, which guaranteed access to information, were both approved. The Twenty-fifth Amendment was a second attempt to exclude the risk of suicide as grounds for an abortion. It was introduced by the Fianna Fáil–Progressive Democrats coalition government led by Taoiseach Bertie Ahern. The government presented the amendment as one part of a comprehensive package of changes to address the issue of crisis pregnancy. Among other measures it would have removed the threat of suicide as a grounds for legal abortion and also would have introduced new penalties of up to twelve years in jail for those performing or assisting abortions. Along with the government parties, the Catholic Church favoured the proposal. It was opposed by Fine Gael, the Labour Party, the Green Party and Sinn Féin. The proposal was put to a referendum on 6 March 2002 but was narrowly rejected by 629,041 (50.4%) against to 618,485 (49.6%) in favour. Proposed changes The Twenty-fifth Amendment was more complex than the proposal that had been rejected in 1992. It provided that abortion would be regulated for by specific legislation that would be named in the text to be added to the Constitution. The legislation, the Protection of Human Life in Pregnancy Act 2002, would be given the same protection as provisions of the Constitution, such that it could be amended only by referendum. Article 40.3.3° reads The Twenty-fifth amendment would have ultimately added two sub-sections immediately following, as Article 40.3.4° and 40.3.5°: The proposed text of 40.3.5° would have ensured that the provisions of Article 46 on Amendments to the Constitution and Article 47 on Referendums would apply to any amendment of this Act. Proposed Protection of Human Life in Pregnancy Act The Twenty-fifth Amendment of the Constitution (Protection of Human Life in Pregnancy) Bill 2001 included the text of a proposed Act which would regulate the termination of pregnancy. It would have", "title": "Twenty-fifth Amendment of the Constitution Bill 2001" }, { "docid": "32087643", "text": "Ludwig v. Massachusetts, 427 U.S. 618 (1976), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that the Massachusetts two-tier court system did not deprive Ludwig of his U.S. Const., Amend. XIV right to a jury trial and did not violate the double jeopardy clause of the U.S. Const., Amend. V. Facts of the Case On February 1, 1974, in the District Court of Northern Norfolk, Ludwig was charged with operating a motor vehicle “negligently . . . so that the lives and safety of the public might be endangered.” At the commencement of trial, Ludwig moved for a “speedy trial by jury,” citing the Fifth and Sixth Amendments. The motion was denied, and, after a brief trial, the court adjudged Ludwig guilty and imposed a fine of $20. Thereafter, Ludwig asserted his statutory right to a trial De novo before a six-man jury in the District Court. In the De novo proceeding, Ludwig filed a “motion to dismiss” on the grounds that he had been deprived of his federal constitutional right to a speedy jury trial in the first instance, and that he had been subjected to double jeopardy. The motion was denied. At the second trial, Ludwig waived a jury and, after trial by the court, again was adjudged guilty, and again was fined $20. Ludwig appealed to the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts, which affirmed the decision of the trial court. The Massachusetts Court held that Ludwig was not deprived of his right to a jury trial nor was he twice put in jeopardy. Analysis of the Court Ludwig raised two issues on appeal, both of which the Supreme Court of the United States reasoned separately. Right to Jury The Court determined whether Ludwig’s right to a jury trial was infringed by first viewing the right in light of the common-law protection. The right to a jury trial, at common law, was reserved to serious criminal cases. In determining the scope of that right in state proceedings, the Court stated that the “Fourteenth Amendment guarantees a right of jury trial in all criminal cases which were they to be tried in a federal court would come within the Sixth Amendment's guarantee.” Therefore, only when an accused is charged with a “petty” offense, usually defined by reference to the maximum punishment that might be imposed, does the Constitution permit the Federal Government and the State to deprive a defendant of his liberty without affording him an opportunity to have his guilt determined by a jury. The Court had previously held that a jury of 12 is not essential to the right. It additionally held that the jury's verdict need not be unanimous. What is important is that a majority verdict consists of “a group of laymen representative of a cross section of the community who have the duty and the opportunity to deliberate, free from outside attempts at intimidation, on the question of a defendant's guilt.” There is no question that Ludwig’s right to", "title": "Ludwig v. Massachusetts" }, { "docid": "34776134", "text": "Glasser v. United States, 315 U.S. 60 (1942), was a landmark decision of the US Supreme Court on two issues of constitutional criminal procedure. Glasser was the first Supreme Court decision to hold that the Assistance of Counsel Clause of the Sixth Amendment required the reversal of a criminal defendant's conviction if his lawyer's representation of him was limited by a conflict of interest. Further, Glasser held that the exclusion of women (other than members of the League of Women Voters who had taken a jury training class) from the jury pool violated the Impartial Jury Clause of the Sixth Amendment, but declined to reverse the other two convictions on this ground for technical reasons. Glasser is the first majority opinion of the Court to use the phrase \"cross-section of the community.\" Glasser was also the first jury discrimination case to invoke the Sixth Amendment (rather than Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment). The facts of Glasser were unusual as well. According to a contemporary Chicago Tribune article, it was \"the first time federal employees here have been charged with tampering with federal court justice.\" The five-week trial involved more than 100 witnesses, more than 4,000 transcript pages of testimony and argument, and 228 exhibits. Background All of the Court's prior jury pool discrimination cases had involved the exclusion of African-Americans and been litigated under the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause. The Court had come the closest to articulating a \"fair cross-section of the community\" doctrine in Smith v. Texas (1940). There, the Court stated: \"It is part of the established tradition in the use of juries as instruments of public justice that the jury be a body truly representative of the community.\" Daniel D. Glasser and Norton I. Kretske were Assistant United States Attorneys in the Northern District of Illinois, specializing in liquor and revenue offenses. Glasser and Kretske solicited bribes from defendants under indictment, or soon to be indicted. Glasser and six other assistants resigned on April 7, 1939, during the tenure of U.S. Attorney William Joseph Campbell. According to Campbell: \"Mr. Glasser has the best record of convictions of any one in this office and his conviction record in alcohol cases is the best in the entire country. Since I have been in office, Mr. Glasser has prosecuted ninety-nine cases and lost only one. He hasn't lost a jury case in three and a half years.\" Prior history District Court Indictment U.S. Attorney Campbell presented the case to the grand jury personally. Glasser, Kretske, Alfred E. Roth, Anthony Horton, and Louis Kaplan were indicted in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois on two counts of a bribery conspiracy on September 29, 1939. Glasser and Kretske were former Assistant U.S. Attorneys; Roth was a defense attorney representing the bribe payors in the majority of the cases alleged to be fixed; and Horton and Kaplan were \"go-betweens\" for the bribes. Horton was an African-American bail bondsman; Kaplan was a purveyor of untaxed liquor.", "title": "Glasser v. United States" }, { "docid": "12800530", "text": "The Twelfth Amendment of the Constitution Bill 1992 (bill no. 24 of 1992) was a rejected proposal to amend the Constitution of Ireland to exclude the risk of suicide as sufficient reason to legally allow an abortion. It was one of three referendums on abortion held on 25 November 1992, the date of the 1992 general election. The Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments were approved. As these could not be renamed, there has been no enacted Twelfth Amendment of the Constitution. Proposed changes to the text Proposed insertion of additional text to Article 40.3.3°: Background The Eighth Amendment passed in 1983 added the following text to the Constitution as Article 40.3.3°: In March 1992, the Supreme Court held in Attorney General v. X (commonly known as the X Case), that a 14-year-old girl who had become pregnant as a result of rape could obtain an abortion in circumstances where there was a threat to her life from suicide. This amendment proposed that the possibility of suicide was not a sufficient threat to justify an abortion. The proposal was put to a referendum on 25 November 1992 but was rejected. On the same day, the Thirteenth Amendment and Fourteenth Amendment were approved by referendum. The former guaranteed freedom of travel abroad to obtain an abortion, and the latter, access to information in Ireland with respect to the same issue. The 1992 general election was held on the same date. Passage through the Oireachtas The Twelfth Amendment Bill was proposed in the Dáil by Minister for Justice Pádraig Flynn. The Amendment was approved by the Dáil on 27 October 1992: Fianna Fáil Senator Des Hanafin, a member of the Pro Life Campaign (PLC), did not vote for the government wording. He proposed an amendment at committee stage proposing the wording supported by the PLC: This wording was not voted on, and the bill was approved by the Seanad on 30 October 1992. Result The amendment was put to a referendum on 25 November, where it was rejected. Later developments No legislation was enacted in the aftermath of this defeated referendum. In 2002, the proposed Twenty-fifth Amendment would have similarly excluded the risk of suicide as grounds for an abortion. On this occasion, the government proposal did have the support of the Pro Life Campaign. This too was rejected in a referendum, but by a much narrower margin. The European Court of Human Rights found against the state in A, B and C v Ireland (2010). The government responded to this with the enactment of the Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013, which provided for abortion in the cases where there was a risk to the life of the woman, including from a risk of suicide. References External links Referendum (Amendment) (No. 2) Act, 1992 Full text of the Constitution of Ireland 1992 in Irish law 1992 in Irish politics 1992 referendums 12 12 12 Irish abortion referendums November 1992 events in Europe Amendment, 12", "title": "Twelfth Amendment of the Constitution Bill 1992" }, { "docid": "600901", "text": "In law, ex parte () is a Latin term meaning literally \"from/out of the party/faction of\" (name of party/faction, often omitted), thus signifying \"on behalf of (name)\". An ex parte decision is one decided by a judge without requiring all of the parties to the dispute to be present. In English law and its derivatives, namely Australian, New Zealand, Canadian, South African, Indian, and U.S. legal doctrines, ex parte means a legal proceeding brought by one party in the absence of and without representation of or notification to the other party. The term is also used more loosely to refer to improper unilateral contacts with a court, arbitrator, or represented party without notice to the other party or counsel for that party. The phrase was common in the titles of habeas corpus and judicial review cases until the end of the twentieth century, because those cases were originally brought by the Crown on behalf of the claimant. In Commonwealth common law jurisdictions, the title typically appeared as R v (Defendant), ex parte (Claimant); in the US, this was shortened to Ex parte (Claimant). A proceeding in an executive agency to establish a right, such as patent prosecution, can also be ex parte. Australia In Australian law ex parte is used in two senses. The predominant use is to refer to an ex parte hearing, being one which is heard in the absence of one or more parties. Where proceedings are heard ex parte, a high degree of candour is required, including full and fair disclosure of facts adverse to the moving party. A failure to make such disclosure is ordinarily sufficient to warrant discharge of such order as might be made. The other use means 'on the application of' when used in the case name where prerogative relief is sought, such as a writ of prohibition, certiorari or mandamus. Thus for example the case name in the Boilermakers' case is R v Kirby; Ex parte Boilermakers' Society of Australia as the case concerned a writ of prohibition that was sought against Kirby, Dunphy and Ashburner, who were judges of the Commonwealth Court of Conciliation and Arbitration, on the application of the Boilermakers Society of Australia. While the case name is 'ex parte' it was not heard in the absence of a party, with the judges being represented by D I Menzies QC who also represented the Commonwealth Attorney-General. Similarly the case of Re Wakim; Ex parte McNally concerned application of McNally for a writ of prohibition in relation to proceedings in the Federal Court that were commenced by Wakim. Both McNally and Wakim appeared in the High Court. There was however no appearance for the first respondents in the bankruptcy cases, the judges of the Federal Court. United States In the United States, the availability of ex parte orders or decrees from both federal and state courts is sharply limited by the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments, which provide that a person shall not be deprived of any interest in liberty", "title": "Ex parte" } ]	[ "due process" ]
train_45914	who plays danny heffernan on king of queens	[ { "docid": "240936", "text": "The King of Queens is an American television sitcom that ran on CBS from September 21, 1998, to May 14, 2007, a total of nine seasons and 207 episodes. The series was created by Michael J. Weithorn and David Litt, who also served as the show's executive producer, and stars Kevin James and Leah Remini as Doug and Carrie Heffernan, a working-class couple living in Rego Park, Queens. All the episodes were filmed in front of a live studio audience. The King of Queens was produced by Hanley Productions and CBS Productions (1998–2007), CBS Paramount Network Television (2007), in association with Columbia TriStar Television (1998–2002), and Sony Pictures Television (2002–07). It was filmed at Sony Pictures Studios in Culver City, California. The ninth and final season concluded with a double-length finale episode in 2007. James and Remini reunited in the 2016 television sitcom Kevin Can Wait, which ended on May 7, 2018. Plot The show exhibits undertones of the original 1950s TV production The Honeymooners, starring Jackie Gleason and Audrey Meadows. Doug (Kevin James) and Carrie Heffernan (Leah Remini) are a middle-class couple living at \"3121 Aberdeen St.\" in Rego Park, Queens, New York, along with Carrie's father, Arthur Spooner (Jerry Stiller). Doug works for the fictional International Parcel Service (IPS) as a delivery driver, while Carrie works as a legal secretary in Manhattan. Their lives are plagued by the demands of Arthur; so much so that they eventually hire Holly, a professional dog walker, to spend time with him as she walks dogs in the park. Doug Heffernan represents the \"everyman\" with his love of sports, TV, eating tons of food, and his wife . His constant deceit and schemes through various situations leave him humiliated as his plans backfire. Also featured on the show are Doug's friends Deacon Palmer (Victor Williams), Spence Olchin (Patton Oswalt), and Richie Iannucci (Larry Romano), as well as Doug's cousin Danny Heffernan (played by James' real-life brother Gary Valentine). Deacon's wife Kelly (Merrin Dungey) is Carrie's best friend, having met through the relationship her husband has with Deacon Palmer. Most scenes take place in the Heffernans' home, but other common locations include Doug and Carrie's workplaces, the restaurant/pub \"Coopers\", and the residences of friends and family. While locations seen during the opening montage were filmed in areas around New York including the Empire State building, the Statue of Liberty and Sbarro Pizza, the series was filmed in California. The series begins after Doug and Carrie have been married for 3 years, and how they met is somewhat unclear due to continuity issues. In one flashback episode, \"Meet By-Product\", Doug meets Carrie while he is a bouncer at a nightclub that Carrie attends. However, in another episode, \"Road Rayge\", Carrie reflects on a song that she says Doug asked her to dance to when they were in junior high school. Characters Main Doug Heffernan (played by Kevin James) is an average parcel delivery man working for International Parcel Service (IPS). Born on February 9,", "title": "The King of Queens" }, { "docid": "1353050", "text": "Gary Joseph Knipfing (born November 22, 1961), known professionally as Gary Valentine, is an American actor and comedian. Valentine is the older brother of actor Kevin James. He starred as Kevin James' (Doug Heffernan's) cousin Danny Heffernan in The King of Queens (1998–2007) and as Kevin James' (Kevin Gable's) older brother Kyle Gable in Kevin Can Wait (2016-2018), and has appeared in numerous Happy Madison Productions. Early life Gary Joseph Knipfing was born in Mineola, New York, to Janet, who worked in a chiropractor's office, and Joseph Valentine Knipfing, Jr., who owned an insurance agency. His family is of German and Greek descent. Valentine has two siblings: Kevin George Knipfing, known as Kevin James, an actor and comedian, and Leslie Knipfing. Gary and his siblings were raised in the Catholic faith. Career Valentine got his start in show business on the standup comedy stage. After an appearance at the Montreal Comedy Festival, he left his native New York for Los Angeles. There he quickly landed spots on various talk shows, including The Late Late Show with Craig Kilborn, Late Night with Conan O'Brien, and The Tonight Show with Jay Leno. He has been headlining comedy clubs and theaters for the past fifteen years. He is best known for his role as Danny Heffernan on The King of Queens, playing the cousin of principal character Doug Heffernan (performed by his real-life brother Kevin James) for nine seasons. Valentine appeared on the television show Men of a Certain Age, which was written and directed by Ray Romano and met with critical acclaim. Prior to his run on the series, he starred in his own half-hour special on Comedy Central and hosted The X Show on FX. On the big screen, Valentine has appeared in Stuck on You and I Now Pronounce You Chuck and Larry. He also had a cameo in Jerry Seinfeld's documentary Comedian. Valentine performs comedy tours in clubs across the country. He's been a frequent guest comedian on shows such as Comics Unleashed and the E! show Chelsea Lately. He appeared in Paul Blart Mall Cop, Paul Blart: Mall Cop 2, and in the comedy web series Dusty Peacock on Crackle. Valentine also appeared as George Bannister in the movies The Dog Who Saved Christmas (2009), The Dog Who Saved Christmas Vacation (2010) and The Dog Who Saved Halloween (2011). He also played Maury in the 2009 comedy The Deported. From 2016-2018, Valentine co-starred in the CBS sitcom Kevin Can Wait. Filmography References External links 1961 births Living people American male film actors American male television actors Male actors from New York City People from Stony Brook, New York Ward Melville High School alumni People from Mineola, New York 21st-century American male actors 20th-century American male actors American people of German descent American male comedians Comedians from New York (state) 20th-century American comedians 21st-century American comedians", "title": "Gary Valentine" } ]	[ { "docid": "12444800", "text": "Christy Heffernan (born 26 December 1957) is an Irish retired hurler who played as a full-forward for the Kilkenny senior team. Born in Glenmore, County Kilkenny, Heffernan first arrived on the inter-county scene at the age of twenty-two when he first linked up with the Kilkenny senior team. He made his senior debut during the 1981 championship. Heffernan went on to play a key part for Kilkenny, and won four All-Ireland medals, seven Leinster medals and four National Hurling League medals. He was an All-Ireland runner-up on two occasions. As a member of the Leinster inter-provincial team on a number of occasions, Heffernan won one Railway Cup medal in 1989. At club level he is a one-time All-Ireland medallist with Glenmore. In addition to this he also won two Leinster medals and five championship medals. He also captained the Glenmore Senior Football team to victory in the 1989 county final, also winning man of the match by scoring 5 points from the middle of the field. Throughout his career Heffernan made 32 championship appearances. He retired from inter-county hurling following the conclusion of the 1993 championship. Heffernan is widely regarded as one of Kilkenny's all-time greatest players. During his playing days he won one All-Star award, while he was later chosen at full-forward on the Kilkenny Hurling Team of the Century. Playing career Club Heffernan played his club hurling with his local Glenmore club. He enjoyed much success with the club and won his first senior county title as captain in 1987. Heffernan won a second county medal in 1990 and this was quickly converted into a Leinster club title. Glenmore later defeated Patrickswell in the All-Ireland final, with Heffernan scoring the winning goal in the 33rd minute. In 1992 Heffernan won his third county medal. 1995 saw Glenmore winning a fourth county title which was subsequently converted into a second Leinster club title for Heffernan. Inter-county Heffernan first came to prominence on the inter-county scene in the early 1980s. He was a member of the Kilkenny senior hurling team that won the National Hurling League in 1982 and later collected his first Leinster title. Heffernan subsequently won his first All-Ireland medal as Kilkenny defeated Cork in the championship decider. The following year Heffernan won his second National League title before winning his second Leinster title. He later won his second consecutive All-Ireland medal following a second consecutive defeat of Cork in the final. Kilkenny lost their provincial crown for the following few years, however, Heffernan won a third National League medal and a third Leinster medal in 1986, however, 'the Cats' were beaten in the All-Ireland semi-final. In 1987 Heffernan won his fourth Leinster title, however, Kilkenny went on to lose the All-Ireland final to Galway. Heffernan's side took a back seat to Offaly for the next few years in the Leinster Championship, however, he did win a forth National League title in 1990. In 1991 Heffernan was appointed captain of the Kilkenny hurling team. That year he won", "title": "Christy Heffernan" }, { "docid": "10404165", "text": "The Archer Road Club is a cycling club in London, England. The club has produced national, world and Olympic champions. Formation and early history Archer Road Club was founded in 1926 as a breakaway from Bayswater Wheelers. The original members met above Teddy Barnes' cycle shop in Archer Road. The shop (E.J. Barnes) is still there, but Archer Road has now been incorporated into Westbourne Grove. The club has moved from North Kensington, via Hammersmith to Acton, but draws members from all London and further afield. The principal meeting place (especially in the summer) is Hillingdon Cycle Circuit in Hayes, West London. In the 1970s the club was one of the first with sponsorship. Early sponsors included Cutty Sark whisky and Saba, a cycle component company. The club has played host to riders from Australia and New Zealand, including Phil Anderson, who became the first non-European to wear the yellow jersey in the Tour de France, and Gary Wiggins, father of Bradley Wiggins, was also a member. The Archer Grand Prix The club has organised the Archer Grand Prix, one of Britain's top one day races, for 50 years. The 2006 edition was won by Mariusz Wiesiak of Poland from Malcolm Elliott of Pinarello Racing Team. Olympic, World and Commonwealth Championships Former member, Bradley Wiggins won the gold medal for the individual pursuit at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. He won the world championship for the pursuit in 2003 and 2007. In 2007 he was a member of the winning team pursuit team. In 1998 Wiggins was world junior champion in the individual pursuit. Steve Heffernan won a gold medal for the 10 miles scratch track race at the 1974 Commonwealth Games. Heffernan won a bronze in the 1977 world professional 5 km individual pursuit. In 1982 Steve Lawrence won the Commonwealth Games team time trial event. Sexual abuse accusations Bradley Wiggins, who trained at Archer Road Club as a youth, has stated that Stan Knight, an Archer Road Club coach, sexually abused him in the 1990s. British championship performances Track The club won the team pursuit in 1973 (bronze), 1974, 1975 and 1976. Steve Heffernan won medals in 1972 (20 km, gold), 1973 (800m grass, gold; 80 km madison, silver), 1974 (individual pursuit, silver; 20 km scratch, bronze), 1975 (individual pursuit, gold; 80 km madison, bronze) and 1976 (individual pursuit, gold; madison, gold). Other prominent track riders include Malcolm Hill (1974 sprint champion), Robin Croker, Maurice Burton, Dave Le Grys, Dave Brotherton, Shaun Fenwick and Keith Pettican. Road Alaric Gayfer won the juvenile 10-mile time trial championship in 1972 and the junior 25-mile time trial championship in 1974. Alf Engers won the 25-mile championship in 1974. Dean Butler won the junior 25-mile championship in 1981. In 1979 Canadian Ron Hayman won the Tour of Ireland for an Archer team named 'London Australia'. His teammate Phil Anderson was second and Shaun Fenwick King of the Mountains. Colours The club's colours are white with a yellow chest band and black", "title": "Archer Road Club" }, { "docid": "7975321", "text": "Fraser Charles Digby (born 23 April 1967) is an English football coach and former player who played as a goalkeeper. He spent much of his career with Swindon Town, for whom he played in the Premier League. In 2008, he found new fame through repeated references to \"Fraser Digby's washbag\" on Danny Baker's 6–0–6 programme on BBC Radio 5 Live. Playing career Digby was a Manchester United apprentice, making his League debut whilst on loan at Oldham Athletic in 1985, joining Swindon Town on a free transfer in December 1986 after two loan spells. Digby, who represented England schools, youth and under-21s, did not leave Swindon until 1998. He played in the 1993 play-off final against Leicester City, a match Swindon won, thereby securing a place in the Premier League, and represented the club during their season at the top level of English football. In late 1992, he returned to Manchester United on loan as cover for Peter Schmeichel and was selected as a substitute on several occasions but never came onto the pitch. In August 1998, Digby signed for Crystal Palace, before moving on to Queens Park Rangers in 2001. He was released by QPR due to money shortages after which he played a handful of games for non-league Purfleet. He joined Kidderminster Harriers in 2003 on a game-by-game basis (non-contractual), while at the same time rejoining former club Swindon and taking on the two roles of commercial manager and goalkeeping coach under Andy King. Digby also played one game for Cirencester Town in the FA Cup in 2004, signed on an emergency deal as Cirencester had a 'keeper shortage, it was then known Fraser was good friends with Brian Hughes, the Cirencester manager. The game was against Bognor Regis Town and finished 4–3 to Bognor, with Cirencester coming back from 3–0 down to 3–3 to make a thrilling finish. Digby played for a Manchester United legends team touring Ireland; his last appearance was in a friendly match against Moyola Park in July 2008. When Digby retired from professional football, he spoke out against the methods for earning coaching badges for goalkeepers: The problem is that to obtain full goalkeeping coaching qualifications, you have to go through all the stuff for outfield players and I don't really want to do that. Danny Baker on BBC Radio 5 Live Digby has recently been the subject of many adaptations of popular songs, with lyrics written after a story from an anonymous correspondent to Danny Baker's radio show. It emerged that during a tour of Swindon Town's football ground, someone had come across Digby's washbag in the changing room and taken a tortoiseshell comb as a memento, thus coining the phrase 'Fraser Digby's Washbag'. Baker saw that there was \"music\" in these words and latched onto it. The piece, entitled \"Fraser Digby's Washbag\", became a regular feature of Baker's Tuesday night slot on BBC Radio 5 Live's 6–0–6 programme for 29 weeks to the final episode on 26 May 2009, during which", "title": "Fraser Digby" }, { "docid": "1113886", "text": "The Helena Brewers were a Minor League Baseball team in the Pioneer League located in Helena, Montana, from 1978 to 2018. The team played their home games at Kindrick Legion Field, which was built in 1939. They were affiliated with the Milwaukee Brewers (1985–2000, 2003–2018) and Philadelphia Phillies (1978–1983). Among the best-known players to play in Helena are Hall of Famer Ryne Sandberg, who started his career with the Phillies in Helena, Gary Sheffield, who started his career with the Helena Gold Sox in 1986, Jeff Cirillo and Mark Loretta who began their careers with the 1991 and 1993 Helena Brewers, respectively; and Milwaukee Brewers outfielder Ryan Braun. History The Helena Phillies joined the Pioneer League in 1978, giving Helena a professional baseball team for the first time in 64 years. In 1984, the Helena Gold Sox won the Pioneer League Championship, a rarity for an independent club. The team hooked on with the Milwaukee Brewers in 1985 and changed its name to the Helena Brewers in 1987. Helena won the league championship in back-to-back seasons in 1995 and 1996. The franchise moved to Provo, Utah, as the Provo Angels after the 2000 season. In 2003, the Medicine Hat Blue Jays moved to Helena, and the team once again became a Brewers affiliate. The franchise left Helena for Colorado Springs, Colorado, after the 2018 season, where it would play as the Rocky Mountain Vibes. Season-by-season record Major leaguers The following is a list of Helena players by year that later played in Major League Baseball: 1978: George Bell, Carmelo Castillo, Wil Culmer, Bob Dernier, Ed Hearn, Alejandro Sánchez, Ryne Sandberg 1979: Jay Baller, Roy Smith 1980: Rocky Childress, Darren Daulton, Marty Decker, Ken Dowell, Tony Ghelfi 1981: Johnny Abrego, Charles Hudson, Jim Olander, Jose Segura 1982: Ken Jackson, Lance McCullers, Johnny Paredes, Wilfredo Tejada 1983: Ricky Jordan, Tom Magrann, Tom Newell 1984: Jack Daugherty, John Trautwein 1985: John Jaha, Russ McGinnis, Randy Veres 1986: George Canale, Brian Drahman, Darryl Hamilton, Gary Sheffield, Greg Vaughn 1987: Frank Bolick, Oreste Marrero, Ángel Miranda, Charlie Montoyo, Jaime Navarro, Dave Nilsson, Troy O'Leary, Steve Sparks, Bill Spiers 1988: Bert Heffernan, Mike Ignasiak, Mark Kiefer 1991: Jeff Cirillo, Mike Matheny, Marshall Boze 1992: Bobby Hughes, Danny Perez, Tim Unroe; Danan Hughes played minor league baseball for the 1992 and 1993 seasons in the Pioneer League for the Helena Brewers. He decided to make football his full-time profession when the Kansas City Chiefs selected him in the 7th round of the 1993 NFL Draft. Hughes played for the Chiefs from 1993 to 1998 as a wide receiver and special teams player. 1993: Brian Banks, Todd Dunn, Danny Klassen, Mark Loretta, Sean Maloney, Greg Martinez 1994: Antone Williamson, Kelly Wunsch 1995: Robinson Cancel, Geoff Jenkins, Mike Kinkade, Mickey Lopez, Greg Mullins 1996: Allen Levrault, Mark Watson 1997: Jason Childers, Brian Mallette 1998: Matt Childers, Bill Hall, Luis Martinez 2003: Drew Anderson, Carlos Corporán, Tim Dillard, Dana Eveland, Vinny Rottino, Mitch Stetter, Ty Taubenheim 2004: Alcides Escobar 2005:", "title": "Helena Brewers" }, { "docid": "28212644", "text": "Michael Heffernan is an Irish sportsperson. He plays hurling with his local club Nenagh Éire Óg and with the Tipperary senior inter-county team. Career Heffernan won two All-Ireland Minor Hurling medals in 2006 and 2007. He made his National Hurling League debut as a substitute against Limerick in 2010, scoring a point from play. He went on to make his Championship debut on 3 July 2010 against Wexford in the 2010 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Qualifiers. On 28 July 2010, Heffernan played at corner forward, scoring 1-3 for Tipperary as they defeated Clare in the 2010 Munster Under-21 Hurling final at Semple Stadium, winning by 1–22 to 1–17. On 5 September 2010, Heffernan was a non-playing substitute as Tipperary won their 26th All Ireland title, beating reigning champions Killkenny by 4–17 to 1–18 in the final, preventing Kilkenny from achieving an historic 5-in-a-row, it was Heffernan's first All-Ireland winners medal. Six day's later on 11 September 2010, Tipperary clinched the All Ireland Under-21 title by defeating Galway by 5–22 to 0–12 at Semple Stadium, with Heffernan starting at corner forward scoring two points. In 2012, Heffernan was part of the Tipperary team that won the Munster Intermediate Hurling Championship and the All-Ireland Intermediate Hurling Championship. He started the All-Ireland final at full forward and scored one goal and four points in the 3–13 to 1–17 victory against Kilkenny at Semple Stadium. Heffernan created a piece of history by adding the All-Ireland Intermediate medal (2012) to the Minor (2006, 2007), Under-21 (2010) and Senior (2010) titles that he had already won. Honours Tipperary All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship: Winner (1): 2010 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship: Winner (1): 2010 Munster Under-21 Hurling Championship: Winner (1): 2010 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship: Winner (2): 2006, 2007 Munster Minor Hurling Championship: Winner (1): 2007 All-Ireland Intermediate Hurling Championship: Winner (1): 2012 Munster Intermediate Hurling Championship: Winner (1): 2012 References External links Tipperary GAA Player Profiles Living people Tipperary inter-county hurlers 1989 births Nenagh Éire Óg hurlers", "title": "Michael Heffernan (hurler)" }, { "docid": "2081553", "text": "Arthur Eugene Spooner is a fictional character played by Jerry Stiller in the American sitcom The King of Queens. He lives with his daughter Carrie and her husband, Doug Heffernan, in Rego Park, Queens, New York. Biography Little is known about Arthur's early life. He was born in 1925 to an abusive father (played in one episode by Stiller's own son, Ben Stiller), but nothing is known about his mother. He lived on a farm from the ages of 7 to 10, then again at 43, was a gifted singer as a child, performed jigs for the workers at the Empire State Building, has an estranged half-brother named Skitch (played in one episode by Shelley Berman), was bald until the age of 12, and lost his virginity to someone named Peppermint Patty. He possibly attended the State University of New York at Oneonta, having mentioned playing for the \"Oneonta Red Dragons\". Arthur served in World War II in the Italian theater and in The Battle of the Bulge, and also mentions being in Paris, France. He variously claims to have been in the US Army 33rd Brigade and the 71st Infantry Division. At some point during his enlistment, he left a man named Jack Russell for dead. Sometime after the war, Arthur took up a career as an actor, performing on Broadway and at other venues. It was during this time that he met his first wife, Sophia, a show dancer. After a night of passion, the couple found out that Sophia was pregnant, and decided to get married for the sake of the child, Simone (later Carrie). Arthur lost Carrie's birth name of Simone in a poker game and she had to switch names with her cousin Carrie. (Carrie has no recollection of this incident.) He quit his acting career in an attempt to create a more stable life for his daughter. Ironically, his unstable marital life and always unsure job situation led to even less security than Carrie might have had if Arthur remained an actor. Doug and Carrie occasionally point out this fact, but Arthur always discounts it. During Carrie's young life, Arthur held an innumerable number of jobs, including at a crab cannery in Maryland, jobs in sales, a brief stint working for PBS on Sesame Street, and many others. He worked briefly in customer service, stating if a little person walked into his store it was all he could talk about for years. He also sold ribbons at the time Doug and Carrie were purchasing their home. He thought it was a good idea to cut out the middle man and offer little girls in the schoolyard ribbons to buy for their hair, which Carrie convinced him was a bad idea. He was unable to maintain any of these careers for more than a month at a time, resulting in a very volatile home life for his family. Though he was never able to hold down a job for very long, he did land 74", "title": "Arthur Spooner" }, { "docid": "69479606", "text": "Maxine Blomquist (born 13 March 1956) is a former New Zealand netball international. Between 1974 and 1982, she made 31 senior appearances for New Zealand. She was a member of the New Zealand teams that won a gold medal at the 1979 World Netball Championships and a bronze medal at the 1975 World Netball Championships. Her sister, Annette Heffernan, their cousin, Shirley Langrope, and her two nieces, Kate Heffernan and Georgia Heffernan, have all played international netball for New Zealand. Maxine and Annette were the first set of sisters to play international netball for New Zealand. Kate and Georgia were the third set. Early life and family Blomquist is originally from Canterbury. She is the sister of Annette Heffernan and a cousin of Shirley Langrope, who are also former New Zealand netball internationals. Annette and Maxine were the first set of sisters to play international netball for New Zealand. Her two nieces, Kate Heffernan and Georgia Heffernan are also both New Zealand netball internationals. In 2024, they became the third set. Netball career New Zealand Between 1974 and 1982, Blomquist made 31 senior appearances for New Zealand. On 9 November 1974, she made her senior debut against England during an away tour. Her cousin Shirley Langrope captained New Zealand on this tour and again when they were team mates at the 1975 World Netball Championships. Blomquist was known as a defender and she regularly played in all three defensive positions. Her versatility and height also saw used as a goal attack. She was also a member of the New Zealand teams that won a gold medal at the 1979 World Netball Championships. References 1956 births Living people New Zealand netball players New Zealand international netball players 1975 World Netball Championships players 1979 World Netball Championships players Heffernan family Sportspeople from Canterbury, New Zealand", "title": "Maxine Blomquist" }, { "docid": "76015076", "text": "Georgia Heffernan is a New Zealand netball international. Since 2018, she has played for Southern Steel. Her mother, Annette Heffernan, her aunt, Maxine Blomquist, her sister, Kate Heffernan and a cousin, Shirley Langrope, are all New Zealand netball internationals. Her mother and aunt were the first set of sisters to play international netball for New Zealand. At the 2024 Netball Nations Cup, herself and her sister became the third set. However, the Heffernan sisters are the first sisters to actually play in the same team at the same time. As well as playing netball together for New Zealand, the Heffernan sisters have played together in several teams, including Southern Steel and the Otago Sparks women's cricket team. Early life, family and education Georgia is the daughter of Noel and Annette Heffernan. Her mother, her aunt, Maxine Blomquist, her sister, Kate Heffernan and a cousin, Shirley Langrope, are all New Zealand netball internationals. Her father played rugby union for Canterbury Country. The Heffernan family live on their sheep and beef farm, near Tapanui, West Otago. The Heffernan sisters attended Tapanui's Blue Mountain College and St Hilda's Collegiate School. Georgia attended Otago Polytechnic, where she studied veterinary nursing. Playing career St Hilda's In 2016 and 2017, the Heffernan sisters were members of the St Hilda's Collegiate School team that won back-to-back South Island secondary school netball titles. 2016 was the first time St Hilda's had reached the final five stage and final of the tournament. In the 2016 final, Georgia scored 25 from 35 as St Hilda's defeated Marlborough Girls' College 38–37. She scored the winner in the final seconds. In 2016 the St Hilda's team assistant coach was their mother, Annette Heffernan. Netball South Between 2017 and 2019, the Heffernan sisters played for Netball South in the National Netball League. Ahead of the 2018 season, while playing for Netball South, they were also named as training partners for Southern Steel. After recovering from an ACL injury, Georgia was also included in the 2021 squad. The team was now renamed Southern Blast. Southern Steel Since 2018, Georgia has played for Southern Steel. She made her senior debut for Steel in the 2018 Super Club tournament. During the 2019 ANZ Premiership season she made five appearances. She also played in the 2019 Super Club tournament. On 28 June 2020, during a Round 3 match against Northern Stars she suffered an ACL injury after landing awkwardly. Georgia subsequently missed the rest of the 2020 season and the whole of the 2021 season as she recovered. Since 2022, she has been a regular member of the Steel team. Her sister, Kate Heffernan, also plays for Steel. ANZ Premiership statistics \|- style=\"background-color: #eaeaea\" ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" \|2019 \|style=\"text-align:center;\"\|Steel \|\|\|8\|\|1\|\|11\|\|12\|\|0\|\|4\|\|2\|\|9\|\|5 \|- ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" \|2020 \|style=\"text-align:center;\"\|Steel \|\|\|7\|\|0\|\|10\|\|11\|\|0\|\|0\|\|1\|\|8\|\|4 \|- style=\"background-color: #eaeaea\" ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" \|2021 \|style=\"text-align:center;\"\|Steel \|0/0\|\|0\|\|0\|\|0\|\|0\|\|0\|\|\|0\|\|0\|\|0\|\|0 \|- ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" \|2022 \|style=\"text-align:center;\"\|Steel \|\|\|168\|\|5\|\|128\|\|199\|\|1\|\|3\|\|32\|\|70\|\|15 \|- style=\"background-color: #eaeaea\" ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" \|2023 \|style=\"text-align:center;\"\|Steel \|\|\|?\|\|19\|\|198\|\|238\|\|9\|\|14\|\|47\|\|99\|\|15 \|- class=\"sortbottom\" ! colspan=2\| Career ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !", "title": "Georgia Heffernan" }, { "docid": "10944211", "text": "Angel (released as Danny Boy in the United States) is a 1982 Irish film written and directed by Neil Jordan and starring Stephen Rea. The film was Neil Jordan's directorial debut, and the executive producer was John Boorman. Premise Danny, a saxophonist with a travelling band, witnesses the gangland murder of the band's manager (involved in extortion payoffs) and that of a deaf and mute girl witness at a dancehall in South Armagh. Danny tries to hunt down the murderers and in doing so his relationship with Deirdre, the singer in his band, falls apart and he becomes a murderer himself. Cast Stephen Rea as Danny Veronica Quilligan as Annie Honor Heffernan as Deirdre Alan Devlin as Bill Peter Caffrey as Ray Gerard McSorley as Assistant Ray McAnally as Bloom Anthony Tyler Quin as Tony Quinn Production The film is set in Northern Ireland and it is implied that the extortionists/murderers are loyalist paramilitaries (one is described as \"a Prod\" by his Catholic girlfriend; another is a policeman). However, there is little specific reference to the Northern Ireland Troubles. The film was made in and around inner-city Dublin (standing in for Belfast) and Jordan's native Bray. In the sequences where the band play in a seaside resort (probably supposed to be Portstewart, since Danny is shown asking older bandsmen about their memories of his late uncle, whom we are earlier told played in a band at Portstewart) Bray Head is visible in some background shots. Other locations include the former Butlin's holiday camp in Mosney, County Meath, and the former St. Brendans Hospital, Grangegorman. The dance and crowd scenes from the Mosney ballroom had to be re-shot due to a problem with the film processing. References External links 1982 films 1982 drama films 1980s English-language films Irish drama films Films shot in the Republic of Ireland Films directed by Neil Jordan 1982 directorial debut films", "title": "Angel (1982 Irish film)" }, { "docid": "55187630", "text": "Raaj Mahal (Hindi: राज महल) is a 1982 Hindi movie. Produced by K.B. Lamchhane and directed by K.Parvez. The film stars Vinod Khanna, Neetu Singh, Danny Denzongpa in lead roles and Amjad Khan as main antagonist. The film's music is by Kalyanji Anandji Plot Maharaja Uday Singh is the king of Ajaygarh. He has two sons, Vikram and Sangram. One day, the sly minister Durjan Singh (Amjad Khan) assassinates the king. Durjan Singh sends his men to eliminate the king's family. The King's loyal man (Kader Khan) runs away with the queen and the children. The queen jumps into the river with her younger son and both fall apart. On the other hand, Khan handed over the eldest son to a tribe chief and dies. Vikram (Vinod Khanna) grows up and fights for justice against Durjan Singh. Sangram (Danny Denzongpa) becomes a dacoit. Both brothers face off against each other. Cast Vinod Khanna as Prince Vikram Singh Neetu Singh as Princess Ratna Singh Danny Denzongpa as Sangram Singh Amjad Khan as Raja Durjan Singh Kader Khan as Khan Om Shivpuri as Sardar Badshah Khan Jagdeep as Veer Singh Urmila Bhatt as Rajmata (Vikram & Sangram's Mother) Ram Mohan as Zalim Singh Yusuf Khan as Sher Singh Jayashree T as Dancer Music Track listing References External links http://www.gomolo.com/raj-mahal-movie/5478 http://www.hindigeetmala.net/movie/raj_mahal.htm http://ibosnetwork.com/asp/filmbodetails.asp?id=Raaj+Mahal 1982 films 1980s Hindi-language films Films scored by Kalyanji Anandji", "title": "Raaj Mahal" }, { "docid": "1951676", "text": "Daniel James Roebuck (born March 4, 1963) is an American actor and writer. In film, he is known for his roles as Deputy Marshal Robert Biggs in The Fugitive (1993) and its spin-off U.S. Marshals (1998), as well as Mr. Banks in Agent Cody Banks (2003) and Agent Cody Banks 2: Destination London (2004). He has appeared in numerous Rob Zombie-directed films, his roles including Morris Green in The Devil's Rejects (2005) and 3 from Hell (2019); Lou Martini in Halloween (2007) and Halloween II (2009); and The Count in The Munsters (2022). Roebuck has worked with director and producer Don Coscarelli, appearing in Bubba Ho-Tep (2002), John Dies at the End (2012), and Phantasm: Ravager (2016). On television, Roebuck is known for his role as Cliff Lewis, Ben Matlock's private investigator, on the TV series Matlock (1992–1995); Jay Leno in the made-for-television film The Late Shift (1996); and Dr. Leslie Arzt in the series Lost (2004–2010). Roebuck has provided voice roles in video games, voicing Gary Finkel in Dead Rising 3 and Greez Dritus in both Star Wars Jedi: Fallen Order and Star Wars Jedi: Survivor. Life and career Roebuck was born in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, in 1963, and graduated from Bethlehem Catholic High School in Bethlehem in 1981. He appeared in his first film role in 1985, the lead in Cavegirl, and went on to appear in such films as River's Edge (1986) and Dudes (1987). From 1992 to 1995, he played Andy Griffith's assistant lawyer and penultimate private investigator, Cliff Lewis, on the television drama Matlock, and he also had a recurring role as a corrupt officer, Insp. Rick Bettina, in Nash Bridges. He played the role of US Marshal Bob Biggs in The Fugitive (1993) and its 1998 spin-off U.S. Marshals. In 1996, Roebuck portrayed Jay Leno in the HBO made-for-TV film The Late Shift. Leno has often commented positively on Roebuck's performance whenever a guest would bring up the film on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno. In 1999, Roebuck guest starred in The King of Queens episode \"Court Date\", as Jeffrey the cop, whom lead character Carrie Heffernan tried to date in order to get out of a traffic ticket. He appeared as FBI Agent Weine in the horror film Final Destination (2000). In 2001, Roebuck played a petty officer in the made-for-TV film A Glimpse of Hell, which explores the 1989 USS Iowa explosion. In 2002, he played a hearse driver in the comedy horror film Bubba Ho-Tep, and played the part of Mr. Banks in the film Agent Cody Banks (2003) and its 2004 sequel Agent Cody Banks 2: Destination London. He appeared in the 2006 film Red Riding Hood. From 2005 until 2010, he had a recurring role in the television drama Lost, appearing as Dr. Arzt in nine episodes. Roebuck is a regular player in films by Rob Zombie, starting with The Devil's Rejects (2005), as Morris Green. He has been a writer and producer for the Monsterama series, appearing in", "title": "Daniel Roebuck" }, { "docid": "64274488", "text": "Peaceful (foaled 22 January 2017) is an Irish Thoroughbred racehorse. She showed some promise in three starts as a juvenile in 2019 when she won one minor race and was narrowly beaten in the Montrose Stakes. On her first run as a three-year-old she won the Irish 1,000 Guineas. She later finished third in the Prix de Diane and second in the Matron Stakes. Background Peaceful is a brown filly with a prominent white star bred in Ireland by the Coolmore Stud. She is owned by the Coolmore partners Michael Tabor, Susan Magnier and Derrick Smith. Like many Coolmore horses she was sent into training with Aidan O'Brien at Ballydoyle. She was from the fifteenth crop of foals sired by Galileo, who won the Derby, Irish Derby and King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes in 2001. Galileo became one of the world's leading stallions, earning his tenth champion sire of Great Britain and Ireland title in 2018. His other progeny include Frankel, Nathaniel, New Approach, Rip Van Winkle, Found Minding and Ruler of the World. Peaceful's dam Missvinski showed good racing ability, winning four times in France including two Listed races and finishing second in the Prix d'Astarte. She was a great-granddaughter of Careless Notion, the dam of Cacoethes and the Santa Susana Stakes winner Fabulous Notion. Racing career 2019: two-year-old season Peaceful was ridden by Seamie Heffernan when she made her track debut in a seven furlong maiden race at Leopardstown Racecourse on 15 August and started at odds of 10/1. After becoming upset in the starting stalls she was never in serious contention, and came home ninth of the fourteen runners, three and three quarter lengths behind the winner Ridenza. On 10 October the filly was partnered by the trainer's son Donnacha O'Brien when she started the 8/11 favourite for a maiden over one mile at Thurles Racecourse and recorded her first success as took the lead two furlongs from the finish and drew away to win by seven lengths from Indian Lilac. For her final run of the season Peaceful was sent to England to contest the Listed Montrose Stakes on heavy ground at Newmarket Racecourse on 2 November and started the 3/1 favourite in a seven-runner field. With Donnacha O'Brien in the saddle she was among the leaders from the start and kept on well in the closing stages to finish second, beaten a neck by the 20/1 outsider Born With Pride. 2020: three-year-old season The flat racing season in Ireland was disrupted by the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Irish 1000 Guineas was run three weeks later than usual on 13 June behind closed doors at the Curragh. Ridden by Heffernan, Peaceful started the 3/1 second favourite behind Albigna in an eleven-runner field which also included So Wonderful (third in the Moyglare Stud Stakes), Fancy Blue and New York Girl (Weld Park Stakes). Peaceful settled in second place behind the outsider Valeria Messalina before gaining the advantage a furlong and a half from the finish", "title": "Peaceful (horse)" }, { "docid": "5451497", "text": "Strange Wilderness is a 2008 American comedy adventure film produced by Adam Sandler's production company Happy Madison Productions for Paramount Pictures. Directed by Fred Wolf, who also co-wrote the film with Peter Gaulke, the film stars Steve Zahn, Allen Covert, Jonah Hill, Kevin Heffernan, Ashley Scott, Peter Dante, Harry Hamlin, Robert Patrick, Joe Don Baker, Justin Long, Jeff Garlin, and Ernest Borgnine. Production took place in 2005 but the film did not receive a theatrical release until February 1, 2008. Strange Wilderness centers around the crew members of the titular fictional nature show heading to Ecuador to investigate a Bigfoot sighting in order to keep the show from being cancelled. The film received negative reviews and was a box office bomb, making less than $7 million against a $20 million budget. Plot Peter Gaulke is the host of an unsuccessful nature program called Strange Wilderness which was originally hosted by Peter's late father. One day, Peter and his sidekick/soundman Fred Wolf are called in to K-Pip where they run into Sky Pierson, the host of a more successful wildlife show which is in the middle of a deal to be transferred to K-Pip. Peter and Fred are told by network head Ed Lawson about the negative aspects of Strange Wilderness since the death of Peter's father like low ratings, poor content, inappropriate footage, referring to all indigenous peoples as pygmies aside from the littering, and bad things happening to people in footage like an alligator attack on someone and a guy at a peace rally who was on fire. Unless something big happens, Strange Wilderness will be cancelled in two weeks. Peter brainstorms ideas to keep Strange Wilderness on the air with Fred, equipment manager Lynn Cooker, driver Danny Gutierrez, camera man Junior, and his father's old friend/original cameraman Milas. Bill Calhoun, his dad's friend, brings him photos of Bigfoot hiding in Ecuador and a map to his cave. Pierson has offered $1,000 for the map. Unable to pay this, Peter tells Bill that he will have it in a week at his mountain cabin. Peter, Fred, Lynn, Danny, and Junior start preparing for the long trip. They also bring in two more people like Whitaker, a former car mechanic now animal handler, and Cheryl, a travel agent. Stopping to shoot footage of sea lions, Danny dresses up as a seal for better angles, gets attacked by a shark, and ends up hospitalized. Outside the hospital, Peter and Fred get into trouble with a local gang, get their front teeth knocked out, and have to go to a dentist. These incidents cause more funds being drained. They arrive at Bill's cabin only to learn he already sold the map to Pierson. However, Bill makes a copy of the map from security cameras. He also enlists the help of renowned tracker Gus Hayden, but they are unable to pay him. While urinating in the bushes, Peter is attacked by a mother turkey, ending up with his penis inside its mouth. They", "title": "Strange Wilderness" }, { "docid": "252818", "text": "Holly is a genus of about 400 species of flowering plants in the family Aquifoliaceae. Holly may also refer to: Name Holly (name), including a list of people with the name Places in the United States Holly, Colorado, a Statutory Town Holly, Michigan, a village Holly, Texas, an unincorporated community Holly, Washington, an unincorporated community Holly, West Virginia, an unincorporated community Holly Lake, Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming Holly River, Virginia Holly Township (disambiguation), several places Arts, entertainment, and media Fictional characters Holly (Red Dwarf), the talking computer on the British TV series Red Dwarf Holly Gibney, recurring character in Stephen King's novels Holly Golightly (character), lead character in Truman Capote's novella Breakfast at Tiffany's and its various adaptations Holly Flax, Human Resources representative and Michael Scott's love interest in American TV series The Office Holly Shumpert, Dog walker of Doug and Carrie Heffernan in American sitcom The King of Queens Holly Maddox, June Osborne's mother introduced in season 2 of the series The Handmaid's Tale Music Holly (DJ), Portuguese musician Holly (album), an album by Justin Nozuka \"Holly\" (song), a 1967 song performed by Andy Williams Sirius XM Holly, a Christmas music channel on North American satellite radio which replaces various channels during the Christmas season including Sirius XM Love Other uses in arts, entertainment, and media Holly (2006 film), a drama film directed by Guy Moshe Holly (2023 film), a drama film directed by Fien Troch \"Holly\" (The Handmaid's Tale), a television episode Holly (novel), 2023 novel by Stephen King Brands and enterprises Holly (automobile company), a defunct American automobile manufacturer (1911–1913) Holly Corporation, an oil company headquartered in Dallas, Texa, now known as HollyFrontier Holly Theatre (disambiguation), several places Education Holly Academy, Holly, Michigan, a charter school Holly High School, Holly, Michigan Other uses Tropical Storm Holly, various named tropical cyclones , two US Navy vessels See also Olly (disambiguation) Holley (disambiguation) Hollie (disambiguation) Hollies (disambiguation) Mount Holly (disambiguation) Quercus ilex, holly oak", "title": "Holly (disambiguation)" }, { "docid": "59588012", "text": "The second season of The Crown follows the life and reign of Queen Elizabeth II. It consists of ten episodes and was released by Netflix on 8 December 2017. Claire Foy stars as Elizabeth, with main cast members Matt Smith, Vanessa Kirby, Jeremy Northam, Greg Wise, Victoria Hamilton, Alex Jennings and Lia Williams reprising their roles from the first season. Anton Lesser and Matthew Goode are added to the main cast. Original main cast members Jared Harris, John Lithgow, and Ben Miles also return in cameo appearances. Premise The Crown traces the life of Queen Elizabeth II from her wedding in 1947 through to the present day. Season two covers the period between 1956 and 1964. Claire Foy continues to portray the Queen, and the season covers the Suez Crisis in 1956, the retirement of the Queen's third Prime Minister Harold Macmillan in 1963, following the Profumo affair political scandal, and the births of the Queen's two youngest sons – Prince Andrew in 1960 and Prince Edward in 1964. The season also portrays John F. Kennedy, Jackie Kennedy and Lord Altrincham. Cast Main Claire Foy as Queen Elizabeth II Matt Smith as Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, Elizabeth's husband Vanessa Kirby as Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon, Elizabeth's younger sister Jeremy Northam as Prime Minister Anthony Eden Anton Lesser as Harold Macmillan, Anthony Eden's successor as Prime Minister Greg Wise as Lord Mountbatten, Philip's ambitious uncle and great-grandson of Queen Victoria Victoria Hamilton as Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother, King George VI's widow and Elizabeth's mother Matthew Goode as Antony Armstrong-Jones, a society photographer who marries Princess Margaret Featured The following actors are credited in the opening titles of up to two episodes: Alex Jennings as Prince Edward, Duke of Windsor, formerly King Edward VIII, who abdicated in favour of his younger brother in order to marry Wallis Simpson Lia Williams as Wallis, Duchess of Windsor, the Duke of Windsor's American wife John Heffernan as Lord Altrincham, a writer who pens a scathing criticism of the Queen Gemma Whelan as Patricia Campbell, a secretary who works with Altrincham and types up his editorial; later Lord Altrincham's wife Paul Sparks as Billy Graham, a prominent American preacher with whom Elizabeth consults Jared Harris as King George VI, Elizabeth's father, known to his family as Bertie John Lithgow as Sir Winston Churchill, the Queen's first Prime Minister Ben Miles as Group Captain Peter Townsend, George VI's former equerry and Princess Margaret's ex-fiancé Michael C. Hall as John F. Kennedy, 35th President of the United States Jodi Balfour as Jacqueline Kennedy, the First Lady of the United States Burghart Klaußner as Dr Kurt Hahn, the founder of Gordonstoun school Finn Elliot as school-aged Prince Philip Julian Baring as school-aged Prince Charles, Elizabeth and Philip's eldest child and the heir apparent Recurring Billy Jenkins as young Prince Charles Will Keen as Michael Adeane, Private Secretary to the Queen Daniel Ings as Mike Parker, Private Secretary to the Duke of Edinburgh Chloe Pirrie as Eileen", "title": "The Crown season 2" }, { "docid": "70634676", "text": "Quasi is a 2023 American satirical comedy film directed by Kevin Heffernan and written by Heffernan and Broken Lizard members Steve Lemme, Jay Chandrasekhar, Paul Soter, and Erik Stolhanske. The film takes a satirical take on Victor Hugo's 1831 novel The Hunchback of Notre-Dame. It was released by Searchlight Pictures as a Hulu original film on April 20, 2023. Plot In medieval France, Quasi Modo, a hunchback, attends work as a torturer along with his co-worker and \"hut mate\" Duchamp where they torture culinary student Michel. Meanwhile, the sinister King Guy is set to marry Queen Catherine in a planned ceremony to unite the kingdoms during Pope Week which is to be attended to by Pope Cornelius, with whom King Guy shares a staunch rivalry with. During Pope Week, a papal drawing is held, with the lucky winner getting a chance to meet the pope in person. Out of sympathy, Duchamp gives Quasi a ticket so that he can participate and it ends up being the winning ticket, causing Quasi to suddenly become popular and Duchamp visibly becoming jealous. Catherine takes an interest in Quasi when he leads his coworkers in a brief rebellion against their boss Lucien and sees potential in him. Later, Quasi is invited to eat with King Guy where he asks him to assassinate Cornelius, much to his shock. He tells Duchamp and Michel and admits that he is going through with it or else he will be killed. When it comes time kill Cornelius, he suddenly orders him to kill King Guy during the union ceremony. When King Guy sees that Quasi has not killed Cornelius he threatens him, but decides to have the assassination done also during the ceremony. He tells his assistant Henri that he plans to kill Quasi afterwards, news that his heard by Catherine. Quasi becomes depressed when he is approached by Catherine who tells him what she heard. They concoct a plan which Quasi tells Duchamp about. During the ceremony, Quasi ambiguously attacks King Guy and Cornelius, but Duchamp \"kills\" Quasi and becomes a hero. Quasi is whisked away to stay in a cave where Duchamp promises to look out for him. When he returns to the kingdom, nobody recalls Duchamp's heroic deed and are only saddened over Quasi's death. Catherine comes to visit Quasi and when Duchamp sees the two of them getting along, he leaves heartbroken. Duchamp gets drunk and tells Lucien that Quasi is still alive, causing him to tell Henri who comes and captures Quasi to have him tortured. Catherine sneaks into the dungeon and kills Lucien before freeing Quasi. The two of them learn that they are both of royal blood and are cousins, news that excites them into having sex. Quasi escapes and seeks out Duchamp who confesses to outing him. Quasi escapes the guards while Duchamp is captured and ordered to be publicly executed. Quasi plans to leave town, but Michel manages to convince him to return and rescue Duchamp. They arrive at", "title": "Quasi (film)" }, { "docid": "54213322", "text": "Cliffs of Moher (12 March 2014 – 6 November 2018), called The Cliffsofmoher when racing in Australia, was an Irish Thoroughbred racehorse. As a three-year-old he won the Dee Stakes and finished second in the 2017 Epsom Derby. Cliffs of Moher was euthanised after breaking his shoulder in the running of the 2018 Melbourne Cup at Flemington Racecourse on 6 November 2018. Background Cliffs of Moher was a bay colt bred in Ireland by the Wave Syndicate, a breeding company associated with the Coolmore Stud organisation. The colt was sent into training with Aidan O'Brien at Ballydoyle. Like many Coolmore horses, the official details of his ownership changed from race to race: He had sometimes been listed as being the property of Susan Magnier, while on other occasions he was described as being owned by a partnership of M. Jooste, Derrick Smith, Michael Tabor and Susan Magnier. He was sired by Galileo, who won the Derby, Irish Derby and King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes in 2001. Galileo is now one of the world's leading stallions and has been champion sire of Great Britain and Ireland eight times so far. His other progeny include Cape Blanco, Frankel, Golden Lilac, Nathaniel, New Approach, Rip Van Winkle, Found, Minding and Ruler of the World. Cliffs of Moher was the first foal produced by his dam Wave who showed modest racing ability, winning one minor race from four starts. Wave's dam, Queen Cleopatra, finished third in both the Irish 1,000 Guineas and the Prix de Diane and was a full-sister to Henrythenavigator. Racing career 2016: two-year-old season Cliffs of Moher made his racecourse debut in a seven furlong maiden race at Cork Racecourse on 15 October in which he was ridden by his trainer's son Donnacha O'Brien. Starting at odds of 4/1 in a fourteen-runner field he kept on well in the closing stages without ever looking likely to win and came home fifth, more than nine lengths behind the winner Spanish Tenor. Two weeks later in a similar event at Leopardstown Racecourse the colt was ridden by Seamie Heffernan and started 7/2 third choice in the betting behind his stablemate Orderofthegarter. Despite sweating up before the race he went to the front soon after the start and was never headed thereafter, winning \"easily\" by lengths from Orderofthegarter. 2017: three-year-old season On his first appearance as a three-year-old, Cliffs of Moher was sent to England to contest the Dee Stakes (a trial race for The Derby) over furlongs at Chester Racecourse on 12 May. He was ridden by Ryan Moore and started the 4/5 favourite against seven opponents headed by the Michael Stoute-trained Mirage Dancer. He was amongst the leaders from the start, took the lead a furlong out and won by lengths from the Godolphin representative Bay of Poets. On 3 June Cliffs of Moher was one of six Ballydoyle runners in an eighteen-runner field for the 238th running of the Epsom Derby and started the 5/1 second favourite after being", "title": "Cliffs of Moher (horse)" }, { "docid": "64461716", "text": "Serpentine (foaled 20 March 2017) is an Irish Thoroughbred racehorse best known for his win in the 2020 Epsom Derby. Background Serpentine is a chestnut gelding with a white blaze and a white sock on his left hind leg bred in Ireland by the Coolmore Stud. He is owned by the Coolmore partners Michael Tabor, Susan Magnier and Derrick Smith. Like many Coolmore horses he was sent into training with Aidan O'Brien at Ballydoyle. He was sired by Galileo, who won the Derby, Irish Derby and King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes in 2001. Galileo became one of the world's leading stallions, earning his tenth champion sire of Great Britain and Ireland title in 2018. His other progeny include: Frankel, Nathaniel, New Approach, Rip Van Winkle, Found Minding, Love and Ruler of the World. Serpentine's dam Remember When failed to win in six races but was a top-class filly who ran second in the 2010 Epsom Oaks, She was a daughter of the outstanding broodmare Lagrion, making her a half-sister to Dylan Thomas, Homecoming Queen and Queen's Logic. Racing career 2019: two-year-old season On his only appearance as a two-year-old Serpentine started the 10/1 sixth choice in the betting for a maiden race over eight and a half furlongs on soft ground at Galway Racecourse on 17 September. Ridden by Wayne Lordan he was always racing towards the rear and came home tenth of the eleven runners behind his stablemate Persia, beaten sixteen lengths by the winner. 2020: three-year-old season The 2020 flat racing season in England and Ireland was disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic and Serpentine did not make his reappearance until 12 June when he contested a maiden over ten furlongs at the Curragh. With Seamie Heffernan in the saddle he started the 100/30 favourite but finished fifth of the eighteen runners behind Galileo Chrome after appearing to be outpaced in the closing stages. Lordan took the ride fifteen days later when the colt started 5/2 favourite for a maiden over the same course and distance. He led from the start, went well clear of his seven opponents at half distance and increased his advantage in the final furlong to win \"easily\" by nine lengths from Monument Valley. The 241st running of the Epsom Derby took place a month later than usual, behind closed doors, over miles at Epsom Racecourse on 4 July. The race was run on good ground in wet, overcast conditions and attracted a field of seventeen runners. Serpentine, ridden by Emmet McNamara, was one of the less fancied of the six horse entry from the O'Brien stable and went off at odds of 25/1 in a field which included: Kameko, English King (winner of the Lingfield Derby Trial), Mogul (Juvenile Stakes), Pyledriver (King Edward VII Stakes), Vatican City (2nd in Irish 2,000 Guineas), Russian Emperor (Hampton Court Stakes), Khalifa Sat (Cocked Hat Stakes), Max Vega (Zetland Stakes) and Mohican Heights (Stonehenge Stakes). Serpentine led from the start, opened up a decisive advantage, accelerated", "title": "Serpentine (horse)" }, { "docid": "48425046", "text": "Minding (foaled 10 February 2013) is a champion Irish Thoroughbred racehorse who was the 2016 European Horse of the Year after winning the Epsom Oaks, 1000 Guineas, and Queen Elizabeth II Stakes. She was among the leading two-year-old fillies of her generation in Europe in 2015 when she won three of her five races including the Moyglare Stud Stakes in Ireland and the Fillies' Mile in England. On her first appearance of 2016 the filly posted a decisive victory in the classic 1000 Guineas but was subsequently beaten when favourite for the Irish 1,000 Guineas. She went on to win a second classic in The Oaks in June, the first filly to complete the Guineas-Oaks double since Kazzia in 2002. She went on to take her fifth and sixth Group One races with wins in the Pretty Polly Stakes and the Nassau Stakes. She then defeated male opposition to take the Queen Elizabeth II Stakes. At the end of the year she was named Cartier Horse of the Year and the world's best three-year-old filly. She won on her reappearance in 2017 but subsequently suffered an injury which led to her retirement later that year without racing again. Background Minding is a bay mare with a white blaze and four white socks bred in Ireland by Orpendale, Chelston & Wynatt, a breeding company associated with the Coolmore Stud. She was sired by Galileo, who won the Derby, Irish Derby and King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes in 2001. Galileo is now one of the world's leading stallions and has been champion sire of Great Britain and Ireland five times. His other progeny include Cape Blanco, Frankel, Golden Lilac, Nathaniel, New Approach, Rip Van Winkle and Ruler of the World. She was the second foal produced by Lillie Langtry, a top-class racemare who won the Coronation Stakes and the Matron Stakes in 2010. She was a fifth-generation descendant of Noble Lassie, the dam of Vaguely Noble. The filly was sent into training with Aidan O'Brien at Ballydoyle. Like many Coolmore horses, the official details of her ownership have changed from race to race: she has sometimes been listed as being the property of Derrick Smith, whilst on other occasions she has been described as being owned by a partnership of Smith, Michael Tabor and Susan Magnier. Racing career 2015: two-year-old season Minding began her racing career in a seven furlong maiden race at Leopardstown Racecourse on 11 June 2015 in which she was ridden by Seamie Heffernan. Starting the 11/4 third choice in a seven-runner field, she led for most of the way before being overtaken inside the final furlong and finished second to the Dermot Weld-trained favourite Tanaza. Two weeks later at the same course, the filly was brought back in distance for a six furlong maiden and started 2/5 favourite against three opponents. Heffernan settled the filly in second place before taking the lead two furlong from the finish and Minding drew away to win \"very easily\" by", "title": "Minding (horse)" }, { "docid": "59462962", "text": "Ryan McShane (born 22 January 1985) is a Northern Irish dancer and choreographer. He, alongside his professional partner, Ksenia Zsikhotska, were the 2016 United Kingdom & British Latin Professional Champions and British Show Dance Champions. He is also known as being one of the professional dancers on the Irish version of Dancing with the Stars. Early life McShane was born in Lurgan, Northern Ireland. He started dancing at the age of seven. Career In 2015, McShane toured with Strictly Come Dancing professional Brendan Cole's A Night to Remember tour across the UK and Ireland. In 2016, McShane and partner, Ksenia Zsikhotska, were crowned United Kingdom & British Latin Professional Champions & British Show Dance Champions. Got to Dance In 2013, McShane took part in the Sky One dance competition show, Got to Dance alongside partner, Ksenia Zsikhotska. They received three gold stars from the judges and advanced to the next round before being eliminated. Britain's Got Talent In 2014, McShane helped establish the ballroom dance group, Kings & Queens, alongside future Strictly Come Dancing professionals, Katya Jones and Neil Jones as well as his future Dancing with the Stars fellow-professionals, Ksenia Zsikhotska and Kai Widdrington. Kings & Queens reached the semi-finals of the series before being eliminated. Dancing with the Stars In 2017, McShane was announced as one of the professional dancers for the first series of Dancing with the Stars. He was partnered with actress, Denise McCormack. On 26 March 2017, McCormack and McShane reached the final of the competition, eventually finishing as joint runners-up alongside Aoibhín Garrihy and Vitali Kozmin. Aidan O'Mahony and Valeria Milova were the champions of the series. In 2018, McShane was partnered with fitness model, and UFC fighter, Conor McGregor's sister, Erin McGregor. The couple survived three dance-offs, the most for any couple in the history of the series, before being eliminated in the semifinal in a dance-off against eventual series winners, Jake Carter and Karen Byrne. In 2019, McShane was partnered with Mrs. Brown's Boys star Eilish O'Carroll. They were the first couple to be eliminated from the series. In 2020, McShane was partnered with B*Witched singer Sinéad O'Carroll. They reached the eighth week of the competition before being eliminated in a dance-off against eventual winners, Lottie Ryan and Pasquale La Rocca. Highest and Lowest Scoring Per Dance 1 These scores was awarded during Switch-Up Week. Series 1 Celebrity partner Denise McCormack; Average: 26.9; Place: 2nd Series 2 Celebrity partner Erin McGregor; Average: 24.7; Place: 4th Series 3 Celebrity partner Eilish O'Carroll; Average: 13.5; Place: 11th Series 4 Celebrity partner Sinéad O'Carroll; Average: 23.3; Place: 7th Personal life McShane and professional partner, Ksenia Zsikhotska were in a relationship previously. Since 2017, McShane has been dating model, Thalia Heffernan. Despite not dancing together, McShane met Heffernan while she was a contestant on the first series of the show. They have two dogs together. On 30 December 2019, five days before the launch of the fourth season of Dancing with the Stars, McShane was assaulted", "title": "Ryan McShane" }, { "docid": "53128809", "text": "Andrew Heffernan (born 24 January 1995) is an Australian professional rugby league footballer who most recently played as a for Hull Kingston Rovers in the Super League. Background Heffernan was born in Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia. He played first-grade rugby league as a 17-year-old, with Group Nine Club Southcity in 2012. Senior career Canberra Raiders Heffernan was in the Canberra Raiders' system and played in the under-20's competition. In 2014, he was named in Canberra's 2014 NRL Auckland Nines squad. He scored a try against the New Zealand Warriors on the inaugural day of the tournament. He played for the Canberra Raiders side against the Melbourne Storm in a trial game in 2014. Penrith Panthers 2016 At the end of the 2015 season, Heffernan left Canberra to join Penrith. He was named in the Panthers' summer training squad and secured a spot in their 2016 NRL squad. He played for Penrith in the Intrust Super Premiership. Hull Kingston Rovers (2017-18) 2017 Heffernan joined Hull Kingston Rovers from Penrith ahead of the 2017 season. In February 2017, Heffernan made his professional début in England for Hull Kingston Rovers, scoring two tries in a 54-24 victory over the Bradford Bulls, on the opening day of the 2017 Championship season at Craven Park. He repeated this feat at the 2017 Summer Bash, by scoring twice in Hull Kingston Rovers 20-19 victory over Bradford. He was one of Tim Sheens' standout signings throughout the regular season, churning out some impressive displays in both attack and defence. This included a total of 17 tries in 20 games, which averages out to 0.85 tries per-game. Heffernan finished his début professional campaign with a total of 18 tries in 24 games, working out at an average of 0.75 tries per-game. He was a vital-part both offensively and defensively in helping Hull Kingston Rovers earn promotion back to the Super League, at their first attempt of asking following relegation the season prior. 2018 In the 2018 Super League season, the 23-year-old suffered multiple concussion injuries and he was stood-down for the remainder of the year on medical advice. Heffernan last featured on 7 April 2018, when scoring in a 31-12 home victory over the Widnes Vikings. He had just seven appearances to his name before his campaign was cut-short. In light of Heffernan's situation, Hull Kingston Rovers Head Coach Tim Sheens gave his opinion on the matter. “It's not a cruciate ligament injury for example and he'll be back in an x-amount of weeks. It's an injury which is really starting to surface a lot over the last few years. “To consider when a player can and can't play with these types of injuries is out of our hands. It is neurosurgeons which make those decisions. “We have had him go down to London to see specialists and have scans. The specialist said, in three-months time we'll talk again.” Heffernan was released from his contract at Hull Kingston Rovers on 22 August 2018, due to his", "title": "Andrew Heffernan (rugby league)" }, { "docid": "633381", "text": "Yodels are frosted, cream-filled cakes made by the Drake's company, which was bought by McKee Foods after former owner Old HB went bankrupt. Yodels are distributed on the East Coast of the United States. They are similar to Hostess Brands' Ho Hos and Little Debbie's Swiss Cake Rolls. Description Each plastic package of Yodels contains two cakes, totaling 440 calories and three grams of saturated fat. Yodels are also sold in boxes containing five or eight individually wrapped pairs of cakes (a total of ten or 16). Formerly Yodels used a different formula, with thicker, denser cake and came packaged in foil. This was changed by the late 80s to the current recipe and packaging. In popular culture Comics Yodels are named as the preferred food source of the character Jeri in the comic strip PreTeena. Film The snacks were featured in the movie Click (2006), in which the main character Michael Newman (played by Adam Sandler) becomes morbidly obese after eating Yodels for 10 years. Television They are often named as a favorite snack food by Fox News Channel vice president and anchor, Neil Cavuto. In the sitcom Everybody Loves Raymond, Yodels are shared by the characters Ray Barone and Robert Barone in Ray's childhood bedroom, after Robert was gored by a bull in the line of duty. They are a favourite of character Doug Heffernan on the show King of Queens. In the episode \"The Two Mrs. Nahasapeemapetilons\" of The Simpsons, Homer Simpson is forced to choose between buying a Yodel or a winning lottery ticket. He ultimately chooses the Yodel. In an episode of the reality show Jersey Shore, the cast eats Yodels for dessert following an Italian dinner prepared by Vinny Guadagnino's mother Paula. In an episode of Kevin Can Wait, they are referred to as a possible dessert for wedding guests if the family cannot reduce both the number of guests and the total cost of the wedding. In an episode of Frasier, Frasier makes reference to Roz being upset about a Twinkie coming out the Yodel chute of a vending machine. In the episode \"Fast Feud\" of the hidden camera-practical joke reality show Impractical Jokers, Joe Gatto tries to convince someone to house-sit for him while a Tibetan monk named \"Chen\" eats an entire dinner plate full of Yodels in the background for the entire duration of the scene. Joe points at the monk and says, \"It's a Yodel factory over there\". Furthermore, Joe later says, \"It's paramount that Chen doesn't run out of Yodels\". The scene concludes with the monk asking Joe to get him more Yodels See also List of brand name snack foods References Brand name snack foods McKee Foods brands Chocolate-covered foods American snack foods Stuffed desserts", "title": "Yodels" }, { "docid": "9166777", "text": "Angenette (Angie) Heffernan is a Fijian human rights and democracy activist and executive director of the Pacific Centre for Public Integrity (PCPI). Prior to PCPI she was a prominent regional environmental political campaigner for Greenpeace Australia for eight years, during which she campaigned against Japanese plutonium shipments in the South Pacific. She established the Pacific Centre for Public Integrity with Suliana Siwatibau and social justice campaigner Aisake Casimira to combat perceived corruption and bad governance in the Pacific region, She is known for her strong stance against political and state corruption and for her outspoken opposition to the 2006 Fijian coup d'état. Prior to the 2006 coup she campaigned against the early release of those involved in the 2000 Fijian coup d'état, and against the government's Reconciliation, Tolerance, and Unity Bill. The 2006 coup On 15 December 2006, Heffernan strongly criticized Fiji Human Rights Commission (FHRC) Director Shaista Shameem for failing to oppose the coup and human rights violations allegedly committed by the country's military rulers. On 28 December, she called on Shameem to resign, claiming that the FHRC had done nothing to help six activists who claimed to have been detained and assaulted at Suva's Queen Elizabeth Barracks in the early hours of 25 December. On 4 January 2007, Heffernan condemned a report written by Shameem excusing the Military for overthrowing a government that was \"illegally constituted.\" Heffernan also voiced fears that the country could be slipping into dictatorship, the Fiji Times reported on 16 December. On 20 December, she spoke out against granting immunity to Military officers and soldiers, saying it would set a dangerous precedent that would legitimize Military coups. On 21 January, she criticized President Ratu Josefa Iloilo for granting immunity to the Military Commander, Commodore Frank Bainimarama and all others associated with the coup and with the interim government formed in early January, saying that the President had acted unconstitutionally, the Fiji Sun quoted her as saying. Into hiding On 24 January 2007, Heffernan announced that threats from the Military had led to the closure of the PCPI office for one week. The next day, Suliana Siwatibau, the PCPI chairperson, said that Heffernan had been threatened and that the Military was looking for her, which Land Force Commander Colonel Pita Driti confirmed. Heffernan and fellow-activist Laisa Digitaki had been making \"inciteful\" comments, he claimed. Later that day, Heffernan said she feared for her life and that of her three children, and had gone into hiding. The police announced on 28 January that they had begun an investigation into Heffernan and Digitaki on the basis of a formal complaint from the Military. Heffernan was arrested by soldiers in civilian clothes at a Sigatoka hotel on 30 January. Apprehended at the same hotel was another government critic, Tupou Draunidalo, vice-president of the Fiji Law Society. Both women were taken in for interrogation by the Military and police. Police Director of Uniform Operations Jair Khan said that Heffernan could be charged with breaching the Public Order Act. In", "title": "Angie Heffernan" }, { "docid": "6062005", "text": "Paul Heffernan (born 29 December 1981) is an Irish association football coach and former professional player who is first team coach of Bray Wanderers. A striker, Heffernan played for several clubs in Great Britain which include Sheffield Wednesday, Doncaster Rovers, Notts County, Bristol City, Kilmarnock, Hibernian, Dundee, Queen of the South, and Dumbarton. Career Heffernan started his football career at Notts County and at age 18, he made his league debut, coming on as a substitute for Kevin Rapley in the 76th minute, in a 1–0 loss against Oldham Athletic on 24 April 2000. Heffernan won the \"Young Player of the Year\" in 2002–03 scoring 10 goals from 25 matches. Then, in the 2003–04 season, Heffernan scored two hat-tricks of his career: The first was in a game against Queens Park Rangers in a 3–3 draw on 26 December 2003 and the second was in a game against Stockport County, where he scored four times, in a 4–1 win on 21 February 2004. Shortly after this, Heffernan, whose contract expired at the end of the 2003–04 season, rejected a two-and-a-half-year deal on improved terms with the club. His rejection attracted interests from four clubs, after confirming the previous day that he was walking out the club following their relegation. Later on in his Notts County career, Heffernan would make 100 appearances scoring 35 goals. Bristol City In the summer of 2004 Bristol City paid £150,000 for him. Heffernan made his debut, in the opening game of the season, in a 1–1 draw against Torquay United on 7 August 2004 and then scored his first goal against Stockport County in his fifth appearance for the club. Four months into joining the club, his form went sour so that Notts County attempted to sign him on loan. But the next day, Heffernan scored in a FA Cup match against Brentford, but the team lost in a penalty-shootout after a 1–1 draw in regular time. However, during the season due to injury and the form of Steve Brooker and Leroy Lita, his chances in the first team were limited. At the end of the 2004–05 season, Heffernan said he desired to leave Bristol City. Oldham Athletic had their bid to sign Hefferman accepted, which was followed up by Doncaster Rovers. Doncaster Rovers He joined Doncaster Rovers in the summer of 2005 for £125,000, which was then a new record transfer fee paid by the club. The Irishman weighed in with some key goals throughout his Doncaster Rovers career. He made his debut, in the opening game of the season, in a 0–0 draw against his former club, and scored in the next game against MK Dons. Heffernan was involved in the squad in the League Cup that reached the quarter-finals, starting off beating Manchester City in a penalty shoot-out after a 1–1 draw after extra-time. He converted the last penalty. He also scored against Aston Villa in a 3–0 win, before Rovers were finally beaten in a penalty shoot-out against Arsenal. Later in", "title": "Paul Heffernan" }, { "docid": "62219302", "text": "Jane Marie Heffernan is a Canadian mathematician. Her research focuses on understanding the spread and persistence of infectious diseases. She is a full professor at York University and a Tier 2 York Research Chair in Multi-Scale Quantitative Methods for Evidence-Based Health Policy. She is the director of the Centre for Disease Modelling (CDM), and is on the board of directors of the Canadian Applied and Industrial Mathematics Society (CAIMS). Early life and career As a youth, Heffernan decided she enjoyed studying mathematics and decided to pursue a career as a math teacher. She earned her undergraduate degree in mathematics and computer science from Trent University before completing her master's degree at Queen's. Career Heffernan joined the York University faculty in 2007. She was also named director of the Centre for Disease Modelling. In 2014, Heffernan and fellow York University professor Derek Wilson co-authored a paper titled \"The Undead: A Plague on Mankind or a Powerful New Tool for Epidemiological Research.\" In 2015, she was appointed a York Research Chair. As a result of her research in the Modelling Infection & Immunity Lab, she also won the CAIMS-PIMS Early Career Award. The next year, York University recognized her as a research leader. In 2018, Heffernan, Joel D. Katz, and Paul Ritvo co-analyzed a pain management app that claimed to identify and forecast changes in pain experiences of users. Awards Heffernan has received awards including: Governor Generals Gold Medal, NSERC Postdoctoral Fellowship (Warwick, UK), NSERC University Faculty Award, MRI Ontario Early Researcher Award, and the Petro-Canada Young Innovators Award. References External links Living people Trent University alumni Queen's University at Kingston alumni Academic staff of York University Canadian mathematicians Year of birth missing (living people) Canadian women mathematicians", "title": "Jane Heffernan" }, { "docid": "3507306", "text": "Chris Joel Heffernan (born 29 January 1979) is a former Australian rules footballer who played in the Australian Football League (AFL). AFL career Known affectionately as \"Heff\", Chris began his career in 1997 with the Essendon Football Club. Heffernan had a brilliant year in 2000 when he played solid consistent football in the midfield and was part of the Bombers side that lost only one game for the entire season, winning the AFL Grand Final and Ansett Cup Final in the process. Heffernan was also rewarded with an appearance in the International rules football series in 2000. Heffernan also played in another AFL Grand Final (albeit a losing one) in 2001. However, when Essendon ran into salary cap issues at the end of the 2002 season, he was traded to the Melbourne Football Club for a swap of first round draft selections. His trade to Melbourne only months after signing a three-year contract with Essendon, prompted the AFL Players Association to introduce the Heffernan Clause into the players standard collective bargaining agreement, to prevent players from being traded within 12 months of signing a contract. Heffernan did not have the same spark at Melbourne. He finished the 2003 with a depressed fracture of his cheekbone and had a solid year in 2004 before getting suspended and missing the finals at the end of the season, but in 2005 his performances were average. At the end of 2005 Melbourne delisted Heffernan, but Essendon picked him up with the last pick in the 2006 AFL preseason draft. Heffernan played out the rest of his career with the Bombers, before announcing his retirement from AFL football on 2 October 2007 after being told that he was unlikely to play often under new coach Matthew Knights. In 2020, Heffernan released his Autobiography \"Heffernan: More than meets the eye\". Personal life After retiring from football he worked in New York for Deutsche Bank for three years before returning to Melbourne to work for Ernst and Young. In 2011 he joined the Essendon Football Club board as a non-executive director. Playing statistics \|- style=\"background-color: #EAEAEA\" ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" \| 1997 \|style=\"text-align:center;\"\| \| 26 \|\| 3 \|\| 0 \|\| 0 \|\| 11 \|\| 9 \|\| 20 \|\| 4 \|\| 5 \|\| 0.0 \|\| 0.0 \|\| 3.7 \|\| 3.0 \|\| 6.7 \|\| 1.3 \|\| 1.7 \|- ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" \| 1998 \|style=\"text-align:center;\"\| \| 26 \|\| 12 \|\| 3 \|\| 0 \|\| 71 \|\| 53 \|\| 124 \|\| 12 \|\| 31 \|\| 0.3 \|\| 0.0 \|\| 5.9 \|\| 4.4 \|\| 10.3 \|\| 1.0 \|\| 2.6 \|- style=\"background:#eaeaea;\" ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" \| 1999 \|style=\"text-align:center;\"\| \| 26 \|\| 22 \|\| 13 \|\| 4 \|\| 226 \|\| 119 \|\| 345 \|\| 60 \|\| 41 \|\| 0.6 \|\| 0.2 \|\| 10.3 \|\| 5.4 \|\| 15.7 \|\| 2.7 \|\| 1.9 \|- ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" \| 2000 \|style=\"text-align:center;\"\| \| 26 \|\| 21 \|\| 4 \|\| 6 \|\| 194 \|\| 115 \|\| 309 \|\| 54 \|\| 67 \|\| 0.2 \|\| 0.3 \|\| 9.2 \|\| 5.5 \|\|", "title": "Chris Heffernan" }, { "docid": "67801758", "text": "Empress Josephine (foaled 5 February 2018) is an Irish Thoroughbred racehorse. She did not race as a two-year-old in 2020, but in the Spring of the following year she won a maiden race on her debut and recorded an upset win in the Irish 1000 Guineas. Background Empress Josephine is a bay filly with no white markings bred in Ireland by the Coolmore Stud. The filly was sent into training with Aidan O'Brien at Ballydoyle and raced in the colours of the Coolmore partners Derrick Smith, Michael Tabor and Susan Magnier. She was from the fifteenth crop of foals sired by Galileo, who won the Derby, Irish Derby and King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes in 2001. As a breeding stallion he has been a multiple champion sire of Great Britain and Ireland whose other progeny have included Cape Blanco, Frankel, Golden Lilac, Nathaniel, New Approach, Rip Van Winkle and Ruler of the World. Empress Josephine was the sixth foal produced by Lillie Langtry, a top-class racemare who won the Coronation Stakes and the Matron Stakes in 2010. As a broodmare she had previously produced Empress Josephine's full-sister Minding. Lillie Langtry was a fifth-generation descendant of Noble Lassie, the dam of Vaguely Noble. Racing career 2021: three-year-old season Empress Josephine did not race as a two-year-old and made her debut in a maiden race over one mile on soft ground at Naas Racecourse on 28 March 2021, in which she was ridden by Seamie Heffernan and started at odds of 3/1 in a nineteen-runner field. After tracking the leaders she took the lead just inside the final furlong and \"kept on well\" to win by one and a quarter lengths from New York Angel. Two weeks after her win at Naas the filly was dropped in distance to seven furlongs, but stepped up in class to contest the Group 3 Leopardstown 1,000 Guineas Trial Stakes in which she was again partnered by Heffernan. She started well and opened up a clear lead in the early running before tiring badly in the closing stages and coming home tenth of the fifteen runners behind Keeper of Time, beaten more than eight lengths by the winner. Wayne Lordan took the ride when Empress Josephine started the 9/4 third choice in the betting for the Listed Victor McCalmont Memorial Stakes over furlongs at Gowran Park on 5 May, when she was matched against older fillies and mares. She was in contention from the start before into moving second place approaching the final furlong but was never able to threaten the front-running four-year-old Too Soon To Panic who won by lengths. At the Curragh Racecourse on 23 May, with Heffernan in the saddle Empress Josephine started at odds of 14/1 for the 99th running of the Irish 1000 Guineas over one mile on heavy ground. Pretty Gorgeous started favourite while the other twelve runners included Fev Rover (Prix du Calvados), Joan of Arc, also trained by Aidan O'Brien), Miss Amulet (Lowther Stakes) and No", "title": "Empress Josephine (horse)" }, { "docid": "12630993", "text": "This team is not to be mistaken for the similarly named team The Royal Kangaroos of Jonathan Boyd and Norman Frederick Charles III The Fabulous Kangaroos were a professional wrestling tag team who existed in various forms from 1957 until 1983. The first incarnation of The Fabulous Kangaroos was formed when Italian Australian Al Costello teamed with Australia native Roy Heffernan and adopted an \"Ultra Australian\" gimmick complete with boomerangs, bush hats, and the song \"Waltzing Matilda\" as their entrance music. Costello and Heffernan are arguably the most famous version of The Kangaroos, regarded as one of the top tag teams to ever compete in professional wrestling, and are often credited with popularizing tag team wrestling in the late 1950s and 1960s. Later versions of The Kangaroos saw Al Costello team with Ray St. Clair in 1967, and then with Don Kent from 1968 until 1974. Don Kent went on to team with Bruno Bekkar, and later Johnny Heffernan (a storyline cousin of Roy Heffernan) to keep The Fabulous Kangaroos name alive until 1983. The Fabulous Kangaroos made their last appearance in 1983, but almost a decade later, the then 72-year-old Al Costello managed a team known as \"The New Fabulous Kangaroos\" in the American Independent circuit. The New Fabulous Kangaroos consisted of little known wrestlers Mickey Doyle, Denny Kass and Al Snow; of the three, only Snow went on to national and international recognition. Both Costello and Heffernan died before The Kangaroos were honored as the first tag team to be inducted into the Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame in 2003, which started a tradition of inducting a new team every year. Career Al Costello and Roy Heffernan \"The Fabulous Kangaroos\" were the brainchild of Al Costello, who had spent the first 18 years of his wrestling career as a fairly unsuccessful singles competitor. In 1956, Costello mentioned his idea of an \"Ultra Australian\" tag team to fellow wrestler, and future promoter, Joe Blanchard. Blanchard happened to be a good friend of Roy Heffernan, who had previously trained with Costello and became his choice for a partner. Costello and Heffernan made their debut as The Fabulous Kangaroos on 3 May 1957, for Stu Hart's Stampede Wrestling promotion of Canada, in a match against Maurice LaPointe and Tony Baillargeon. Only weeks after making their debut, The Kangaroos were working with the top tag teams of the promotion. After working in Stampede for a while The Fabulous Kangaroos started to travel across the United States, headlining shows wherever they went due to their ability to rile up crowds with their heel (bad guy) tactics. On one occasion in August 1958, The Kangaroos, or \"Kangaroo Men\" as they were billed, nearly caused a riot in Madison Square Garden during a match against Antonino Rocca and Miguel Pérez; the fans began to throw fruit and stones at them. After the match ended without a decisive winner, the promoters stepped in, turned up the arena lights, and played the National Anthem to stop a", "title": "Fabulous Kangaroos" }, { "docid": "991720", "text": "Leah Marie Remini (; born June 15, 1970) is an American actress. She starred as Carrie Heffernan on the CBS sitcom The King of Queens (1998–2007) and as Vanessa Celluci in the CBS sitcom Kevin Can Wait (2017–2018), both alongside Kevin James. Remini coproduced and hosted the A&E documentary series Leah Remini: Scientology and the Aftermath (2016–2019), for which she won two Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Hosted Nonfiction Series or Special. She also cohosted the daytime talk show The Talk (2010–2011). Remini's films include the comedy Old School (2003), the mystery comedy Handsome (2017), and the romantic comedy Second Act (2018). After being a member of the Church of Scientology from childhood, Remini left the organization in 2013. Two years later, Remini released her book, Troublemaker: Surviving Hollywood and Scientology; the memoir became number one on the New York Times Best Seller list. In 2016, she followed up with an Emmy Award-winning documentary television series on A&E, Leah Remini: Scientology and the Aftermath, where she created a platform for victims and survivors of Scientology. Since July 2020, Remini has been the cohost of the podcast Scientology: Fair Game, alongside Mike Rinder. Early life Leah Marie Remini was born on June 15, 1970, in Brooklyn, New York City, to Vicki Marshall and George Remini, who owned an asbestos removal company. Her mother is of Austrian Jewish descent, while her father has Italian ancestry, rooted in Sicily. Remini was raised in Bensonhurst. Remini was baptized into the Catholic Church as an infant and raised in the faith during her early childhood. When she was eight years old, her mother joined the Church of Scientology, and Remini was thereafter raised as a Scientologist. At 13, Remini and her sister were taken to join Scientology's Paramilitary organization called the Sea Organization, where they were forced to sign billion-year contracts and work for their room and board. Remini's mother decided to take her children out of the Sea Org and return to civilian Scientology life within the same year. Remini moved to Los Angeles, with her mother and sisters, where she spent the remainder of her teenage years working to pay off their debt to Scientology for all of their auditing received. In addition, Remini and her family worked regular jobs to pay for continuing Scientology courses and services. Career Film and television One of Remini's early television roles was on Who's the Boss? as Charlie Briscoe, which led to a spin-off series entitled Living Dolls, in which Remini starred with Halle Berry. The show premiered in late 1989 and ran for twelve episodes. In 1991, Remini had a supporting role as Tina Bovasso on ABC's sitcom The Man in the Family. She then had recurring roles on Saved by the Bell playing Stacey Carosi, and on Evening Shade as Taylor Newton's (Jay R. Ferguson) girlfriend, Daisy. Remini then appeared in two more short-lived series, First Time Out (1995) and Fired Up (1997–98). In 1991 and 1993, she appeared on Cheers as Serafina, the", "title": "Leah Remini" }, { "docid": "64148447", "text": "The PPE Portrait project started during the 2014–2015 Ebola outbreak in Liberia by artist Mary Beth Heffernan as a way to humanize physicians, nurses and other medical professionals wearing full personal protective equipment (PPE). Patients experiencing one of the most terrifying times of their lives are unable to see the faces of their medical staff, but having a photo sticker on the staff member's PPE gown allows the patient to better relate to their caregiver. This project was revived in 2020 by Stanford social scientist Cati Brown-Johnson and featured on The Rachel Maddow Show, NPR, Smithsonian magazine and KQED. 2014–2015 Ebola outbreak The idea came from the 2014–2015 Ebola outbreak in Liberia. American artist Mary Beth Heffernan, who is a professor of art and art history at Occidental College, saw the full suits the Ebola health workers were wearing and she created the PPE Portrait Project. Heffernan called it \"an art intervention designed to improve Ebola care\". Regarding cultural sensitivity, Heffernan said that developing the project \"involved close readings of Ebola survivors’ stories, in particular the first-person narratives of doctors who became infected and lived to write about it. Their stories were electrifying, and the words they chose to describe their experience—of being sick, isolated, and the trauma of not seeing a human face in their caregivers—are seared in my mind.\" The grant funded project focused on isolation of patients—the benefits of \"puncturing that isolation\" by allowing patients to better connect with their providers. Liberian doctors J. Soka Moses and Moses Massaquoi invited Heffernan to visit with the Ebola doctors and staff. Massaquoi said that he was receiving emails from people \"pitching some untested scheme ... it was getting to be kind of a pain\". But the proposal to put photos on the suits made so much sense he responded to Heffernan immediately. Heffernan told Maddow staff that she \"had hoped the PPE portraits would become standard best medical practice for all kinds of patients who have to experience isolation of never seeing people outside of PPE—only masked faces for days at a time.\" The Gold Foundation funded Heffernan to travel to Liberia. Heffernan had received $5,000 that she was using for this project. Health care staff there \"reported feeling more human\". She spent three weeks training the staff and left supplies for them to use. Heffernan wanted the project to be \"sustainable and achievable with local means.\" The project was featured in the Being Human exhibition at the Wellcome Collection in London in September 2019. The exhibit featured mannequins dressed in PPE with PPE Portrait labels. Heffernan provided first-person narratives from the healthcare workers featured to accompany the exhibit. Those featured received an honorarium for the use of their image and story. In the five years since the Ebola outbreak, Heffernan approached many hospitals but found that they were uninterested. Medical staff wearing full PPE during the COVID-19 pandemic has changed that attitude with many hospitals. However, many of the providers involved in the original project have reported that", "title": "PPE Portrait project" }, { "docid": "69477791", "text": "Annette Heffernan is a former New Zealand netball international. Between 1985 and 1990, she made nine senior appearances for New Zealand. She was a member of the New Zealand teams that won gold medals at the 1987 World Netball Championships and the 1985 and 1989 World Games. Her sister, Maxine Blomquist, their cousin, Shirley Langrope, and her twin daughters, Kate Heffernan and Georgia Heffernan, have all played international netball for New Zealand. Annette and Maxine were the first set of sisters to play international netball for New Zealand. Kate and Georgia were the third set. Early life and family Heffernan is originally from Canterbury. She is the sister of Maxine Blomquist and a cousin of Shirley Langrope, who are also former New Zealand netball internationals. She is married to Noel Heffernan, who played rugby union for Canterbury Country. Together they have three children. Their twin daughters, Kate Heffernan and Georgia Heffernan are both New Zealand netball internationals. Netball career New Zealand Between 1985 and 1990, Heffernan made nine senior appearances for New Zealand. On 2 February 1985, she made her senior debut against England during the netball tournament at the Australia Games. Her sister, Maxine Blomquist, was already a New Zealand netball international. Annette and Maxine were the first set of sisters to play international netball for New Zealand. She was subsequently a member of the New Zealand team that won the gold medal at the 1985 World Games. A knee injury on the eve of the 1987 World Netball Championships limited Heffernan's involvement to just one match. Heffernan won a third gold medal at the 1989 World Games. At the 1990 Commonwealth Games, she also played for New Zealand against Australia in a one-off match when netball was a demonstration sport. During the Ruth Aitken era, Heffernan served as a New Zealand selector. Coach Heffernan has served as an assistant coach and/or team manager of several teams that featured her twin daughters, Kate Heffernan and Georgia Heffernan. These have included their St Hilda's Collegiate School team and the Netball South team in the National Netball League. Honours New Zealand World Netball Championships Winners: 1987 World Games Winners: 1985, 1989 References 1962 births Living people New Zealand netball players New Zealand netball coaches New Zealand international netball players 1987 World Netball Championships players Netball players at the 1985 World Games Netball players at the 1989 World Games Annette Sportspeople from Canterbury, New Zealand World Games gold medalists for New Zealand World Games medalists in netball Medalists at the 1989 World Games", "title": "Annette Heffernan" }, { "docid": "3162588", "text": "Melvin Richard \"Dakin\" Matthews (born November 7, 1940) is an American actor, playwright, theatre director, and theatrical scholar. Best known as Herb Kelcher in My Two Dads (1987–1989), Hanlin Charleston in Gilmore Girls (2000–2007), Joe Heffernan in The King of Queens (1998-2007),and as Reverend Sikes in Desperate Housewives (2004–2012). Early life Melvin Richard Matthews was born in Oakland, California. He initially aspired to become a Roman Catholic priest, studying in San Francisco and then at Gregorian University in Rome in the 1960s. However, his growing interest in drama led him to the Juilliard School, where he taught, among others, Kevin Kline and Patti LuPone. He acted and taught at the American Conservatory Theater (A.C.T.) in San Francisco where Annette Bening was one of his students. He also attended graduate school at New York University. He is an Emeritus Professor of English at California State University, East Bay in Hayward, California. Career He began his stage career in 1965 in the San Francisco Bay Area, appearing in both the Marin and California Shakespeare Festivals, eventually becoming a member of the acting ensemble of the American Conservatory Theater. In the late 1980s, settling permanently in Los Angeles, Matthews began guest-starring in television series and appearing in films. He starred in series such as Down Home, Soul Man and, most successfully, The Jeff Foxworthy Show. In 1989 he starred in the preshow for EPCOT Center's Body Wars attraction in The Wonders Of Life Pavilion. He also has made many guest appearances on television, including Remington Steele, Dallas, Murder She Wrote, L.A. Law, The Nanny, True Blood, Just Shoot Me!, Star Trek: Voyager, The West Wing, Gilmore Girls (as Headmaster Charleston), Ally McBeal, Coach, The Practice, Who's the Boss?, Charmed, Diagnosis Murder, The King of Queens (as Doug Heffernan's father Joe), NYPD Blue, Desperate Housewives (appearing in every Season except 5 as Reverend Sykes), House M.D. (appearing in 2004 in \"Damned If You Do\" the 5th episode of the 1st season playing the role of Marvin/Santa Claus), The Big Bang Theory as Santa (season 6 episode 11), Blue Bloods (as of 2016 appearing in \"Help Me Help You\" the 16th episode of the 6th season playing the role of Judge Wilson), Two and a Half Men, and Carnivàle. Matthews has appeared in more than 25 feature films, including Nuts, Like Father Like Son, Clean and Sober, Thirteen Days, Funny Farm, True Grit (as Colonel Stonehill), Steven Spielberg's' Lincoln, Flubber, and Zero Charisma. He played the role of Col. Cochrane in Child's Play 3, and has also appeared in a number of television films, including And the Band Played On, Baby M, and White Mile. As a stage actor, he is known for his many Shakespearean roles, especially King Lear, Bottom, and Falstaff, and most recently for his portrayals of C. S. Lewis in South Coast Repertory's Shadowlands, as \"Warwick\" in Shakespeare's Henry IV at the Lincoln Center Theater, as \"Undershaft\" in Major Barbara and \"Tarleton\" in Misalliance for South Coast Repertory, as \"The Fixer\"", "title": "Dakin Matthews" }, { "docid": "19015646", "text": "Girl Crazy is a 1943 American musical film starring Judy Garland and Mickey Rooney. Produced by the Freed Unit of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, it is based on the stage musical Girl Crazywhich was written by Guy Bolton and Jack McGowan, with music and lyrics by George and Ira Gershwin. It was the last of Garland and Rooney's nine movies as co-stars, the pair appearing only once more together on film, as guest stars in 1948's Words and Music. Production began with Busby Berkeley as director, but he was soon replaced by Norman Taurog. The film used all six songs from the original stage musical, plus another Gershwin song, \"Fascinating Rhythm\". Plot Dan Churchill, Jr., a young playboy, is a headache for his concerned tycoon father. In hopes that isolation from girls will help Junior concentrate on his studies, Churchill senior takes Danny out of Yale University and packs him off to the all-male Cody College of Mines and Agriculture somewhere deep in the saguaroed American West. Walking endless miles from the train depot to the isolated college he meets Ginger Gray, the local postmistress and favorite of all the students. He immediately falls for her. Though he is initially not pleased with what he finds at the school, including the primitive facilities, rough-riding, and practical-joking fellow students, he eventually settles in - and resumes pitching woo at Ginger. The couple become attracted to each other, and are devastated when they learn that the college, run by her grandfather, must close due to falling enrollment. Using his father's name, Danny wheedles his way into seeing the state governor, and extracts a one-month reprieve to boost applications and avoid a shuttering. Danny divines that an Old West show that crowns a \"Queen of the Rodeo\" will attract not only desired attention but that of the fairer sex. Tommy Dorsey's band is engaged to play and the event is a success, but Danny crowns the governor's daughter Queen instead of Ginger. Applications surge, the school's future is secured, but he must win back the heart of his true love. He does, and a celebration of dance and music caps their reconciliation. Cast Mickey Rooney as Danny Churchill, Jr. Judy Garland as Ginger Gray Gil Stratton as Bud Livermore Robert E. Strickland as Henry Lathrop Rags Ragland as Rags June Allyson as specialty singer Nancy Walker as Polly Williams Guy Kibbee as Dean Phineas Armour Frances Rafferty as Marjorie Tait Henry O'Neill as Danny Churchill Sr. Howard Freeman as Governor Tait Tommy Dorsey and His Orchestra as themselves Irving Bacon as John, the Governor's secretary (uncredited) Charles Walters as specialty dancer (uncredited) Cast notes: Girl Crazy was June Allyson's film debut. Judy Garland's part, Ginger Gray, was played in the original Broadway stage production by Ginger Rogers. Songs All songs by George Gershwin (music) and Ira Gershwin (lyrics) except where noted \"Treat Me Rough\" - June Allyson, Mickey Rooney and chorus with Tommy Dorsey's orchestra \"Bidin' My Time\" - Judy Garland, The King's Men \"Could You", "title": "Girl Crazy (1943 film)" }, { "docid": "56853095", "text": "Kate Alexandra Heffernan (born 7 October 1999) is a New Zealand netball international and former cricketer. She represented the New Zealand national netball team at the 2022 Commonwealth Games and the 2023 Netball World Cup. She captained New Zealand at the 2024 Netball Nations Cup. In 2018, she also made two appearances for the New Zealand women's national cricket team. Heffernan comes from a family of netball internationals: at the 2024 Netball Nations Cup, herself and her sister, Georgia Heffernan, became the third set of sisters to play international netball for New Zealand. Her mother, Annette Heffernan and her aunt, Maxine Blomquist, were the first set. However, the Heffernan sisters are the first sisters to actually play in the same team at the same time. A cousin, Shirley Langrope, was also a New Zealand netball international. As well as playing netball together for New Zealand, the Heffernan sisters have played together in several teams, including the Southern Steel netball team and the Otago Sparks women's cricket team. Early life, family and education Heffernan is the daughter of Noel and Annette Heffernan. Her mother, her aunt, Maxine Blomquist, her sister, Georgia Heffernan and a cousin, Shirley Langrope, are all New Zealand netball internationals. Her father played rugby union for Canterbury Country. The Heffernan family live on their sheep and beef farm, near Tapanui, West Otago. The Heffernan sisters attended Tapanui's Blue Mountain College and St Hilda's Collegiate School. Kate attended the University of Otago, where she studied psychology. Cricket Early years Heffernan represented Otago at under-15 and under-16 levels. She and Georgia Heffernan also won national titles representing St Hilda's Collegiate School. Otago Sparks Between 2016 and 2019, Heffernan played as a left-arm medium bowler for Otago Sparks. She played 28 matches for Sparks. She was a member of the Sparks team that won the 2016–17 New Zealand Women's Twenty20 Competition. In the final against Canterbury Magicians, Heffernan took 4–21 off her four overs. Her 2018 Sparks team mates included her sister, Georgia Heffernan. New Zealand In February 2018, Heffernan was called up to play for New Zealand. She subsequently made two women's Twenty20 international appearances. On 16 March 2018 she made her WT20I debut against the West Indies during their tour of New Zealand. On 20 March 2018 she made a second appearance against the same opponents. Netball St Hilda's In 2016 and 2017, the Heffernan sisters were members of the St Hilda's Collegiate School team that won back-to-back South Island secondary school netball titles. 2016 was the first time St Hilda's had reached the final five stage and final of the tournament. In 2016 the St Hilda's team assistant coach was their mother, Annette Heffernan. Netball South Between 2017 and 2019, the Heffernan sisters played for Netball South in the National Netball League. Ahead of the 2018 season, while playing for Netball South, they were also named as training partners for Southern Steel. Southern Steel Since 2018, Heffernan has played for Southern Steel. On 11 June 2018, she made", "title": "Kate Heffernan" }, { "docid": "50334808", "text": "Heffernan v. City of Paterson, 578 U.S. ___ (2016), was a United States Supreme Court case in 2016 concerning the First Amendment rights of public employees. By a 6–2 margin, the Court held that a public employee's constitutional rights might be violated when an employer, believing that the employee was engaging in what would be protected speech, disciplines them because of that belief, even if the employee did not exercise such a constitutional right. The case was brought after Jeffrey Heffernan, a detective with the Paterson, New Jersey, police force, went to a distribution center and picked up a lawn sign for the candidate challenging the city's incumbent mayor in the 2005 election (Heffernan's mother had wanted a sign, so he was getting one for her). While Heffernan did not support the challenger, after other officers saw him with the sign they told senior officers, including the police chief, who strongly supported the mayor. For his apparent public support of the other candidate, they demoted Heffernan to beat patrol work as a uniformed officer. Heffernan brought suit alleging that his demotion violated his First Amendment rights. The case took a decade to reach the Supreme Court. For most of that time it was in federal district court, where it was heard by three different judges. A jury verdict in Heffernan's favor was set aside. A later summary judgment in the city's favor was overturned on appeal before being granted again in the third trial. Writing for a majority of the Supreme Court, Justice Stephen Breyer stated that the department's belief was all that mattered, since the Court's precedent in this area holds it is unconstitutional for a government agency to discipline an employee (who does not work under a contract that explicitly permits such discipline) for engaging in partisan political activity, as long as that activity is not disruptive to the agency's operations. Even if Heffernan was not engaging in protected speech, he wrote, the discipline against him sent a message to others to avoid exercising their rights. Justice Clarence Thomas wrote a dissenting opinion in which he was joined by Justice Samuel Alito, in which he agreed that Heffernan had been harmed, but his constitutional rights had not been violated. Legal background The First Amendment guarantees the rights of freedom of speech and peaceable assembly, among others. While not explicitly mentioned, the Supreme Court has held that the right to assembly includes the freedom of association, particularly political association. These protections not only prohibit the government from passing laws which infringe upon these rights, but also from taking actions which would violate them. While the Bill of Rights—which includes the First Amendment—applied originally only to the federal government, the ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment allowed for the application of the Bill of Rights to the states under the incorporation doctrine. In order to better protect these rights in the Reconstruction Era, Congress passed the Second Enforcement Act of 1871 at the request of President Ulysses S. Grant to better", "title": "Heffernan v. City of Paterson" }, { "docid": "71293381", "text": "James Heffernan (1788 – 21 October 1847) was an 18th/19th century Irish-born sculptor, later based in London. Life He was born in Derry in 1788, the son of a marble-cutter and sculptor in the employ of the Frederick Hervey, 4th Earl of Bristol who was Bishop of Derry at that time. When Heffernan's father died in 1799, the Bishop found him a place as an apprentice with an architect, Michael Shanahan of Cork, who had been working on the cathedral, and Heffernan returned to Cork with him. Shanahan had a marble yard in Cork and Heffernan was put to work there making fireplaces and gravestones. In 1810 he left Ireland and sailed to England where he went to London. There he attended the Royal Academy Schools and trained in fine sculpture under Charles Rossi, then under Francis Chantrey. He exhibited at the Royal Academy from 1816 to 1830 and won the Royal Academy's silver medal for Sculpture in both 1815 and 1817 and went on a study tour to Rome before returning to work for Chantrey (with Chantrey apparently taking credit for much of his work). Only on Chantrey's death in 1841 did Heffernan start to receive full credit for his work. According to some sources, almost all the works attributed to Chantrey in Carrera marble are actually by Heffernan; one observer said: \"Heffernan has cut in marble almost every one of Chantrey's busts literally from the first to the last\". Heffernan returned to Cork in 1843, but this proved to be a poor choice and he died there, of dysentery, on 21 October 1847 as part of the general decline in Ireland in that year. Works by Heffernan whilst in the studio of Chantrey (usually solely credited to Chantrey) The sheer volume of work out of Chantrey's workshops make it impossible for all to be from his own hands. Contemporary evidence suggests that Heffernan took most of the work on marble busts from 1820 to 1841. Chantrey would retain \"special projects\" in which he would take special pride, such as royalty. Under this logic, works attributable to Heffernan would be: Dr John Hunter (1820) Sir Walter Scott (1820) at Abbotsford House Henry Colebrooke (1820) at the India Office Viscount Castlereagh (1821) at National Portrait Gallery, London George Canning (1821) at National Portrait Gallery, London William Wordsworth (1821) commissioned by Sir George Beaumont Charles Hutton (1822) at Newcastle Literary and Philosophical Society Lord Castlereagh (1822) at Windsor Castle Memorial to Dr Matthew Baillie (1823) in Westminster Abbey Granville Sharp (1824) at Guildhall, London (destroyed in Blitz) Rev Cyril Jackson (1824) at Christ Church, Oxford Edward Daniel Clarke (1824) at Fitzwilliam Museum Sir Henry Halford (1825) at Royal College of Physicians George Canning (1826) in Chatsworth House Henry Cline (1827) in the Royal College of Surgeons Dean John Ireland (1829) at Bodleian Library Oxford Lewis Bagot (1829) at Christ Church, Oxford Sir Thomas William Coke (1829) at Holkham James Northcote (1831) at Pynes House, Norfolk Baron David Hume (1833) in Court", "title": "James Heffernan (sculptor)" }, { "docid": "69431547", "text": "Shirley Anne Langrope (born 15 November 1945) is a former New Zealand netball international. Between 1969 and 1975, she made 19 senior appearances for New Zealand. She was a member of the New Zealand team that won a silver medal at the 1971 World Netball Championships and captained New Zealand when they won a bronze medal at the 1975 World Netball Championships. Four of her cousins – Maxine Blomquist, Annette Heffernan, Kate Heffernan and Georgia Heffernan – have all played international netball for New Zealand. Early life and family Langrope is originally from Canterbury. Four of her cousins – Maxine Blomquist, Annette Heffernan, Kate Heffernan and Georgia Heffernan – have all played international netball for New Zealand. Netball career New Zealand Between 1969 and 1975, Langrope made 19 senior appearances for New Zealand. On 20 June 1969 she made her senior debut for New Zealand against Australia. She was selected as a replacement for Judy Blair after she dropped out to attend her brother's wedding. She was subsequently a member of the New Zealand team that won a silver medal at the 1971 World Netball Championships. In 1974 she captained New Zealand for an away series against England. Her team mates for the series included her cousin, Maxine Blomquist. She again captained New Zealand when they won a bronze medal at the 1975 World Netball Championships. However, she was injured during the tournament and had to watch the final matches from the sidelines. In June 2000, at a celebration of Netball New Zealand's 75th anniversary, Langrope was named as a reserve in a New Zealand \"dream team\". Schoolteacher Langrope became a schoolteacher and lived in Auckland. In 1992, she moved back to Christchurch to teach at South New Brighton School. In 2021, she was still listed as a staff member. References 1945 births Living people New Zealand netball players New Zealand international netball players 1971 World Netball Championships players 1975 World Netball Championships players New Zealand schoolteachers Heffernan family Sportspeople from Canterbury, New Zealand", "title": "Shirley Langrope" }, { "docid": "47795233", "text": "Bondi Beach (foaled 23 February 2012) is an Irish Thoroughbred racehorse. Unraced as a juvenile, the colt emerged as a top-class stayer in 2015 with a win in the Curragh Cup. He was awarded the St Leger on the disqualification of Simple Verse but lost the race following an appeal. Background Bondi Beach is a bay colt bred in Ireland by the One Moment in Time syndicate, a breeding organisation associated with the Coolmore Stud. He was sired by Galileo, who won the Derby, Irish Derby and King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes in 2001. Galileo is now one of the world's leading stallions and has been champion sire of Great Britain and Ireland five times. His other progeny include Cape Blanco, Frankel, Golden Lilac, Nathaniel, New Approach, Rip Van Winkle and Ruler of the World. Bondi Beach's dam One Moment In Time was an unraced daughter of the Moyglare Stud Stakes runner-up Hotelgenie Dot Com. Like many Coolmore horses, Bondi Beach was sent into training with Aidan O'Brien at Ballydoyle. Racing career 2015: three-year-old season Bondi Beach began his racing career in a maiden race over one and a half miles on heavy ground at Leopardstown Racecourse on 10 May in which he was ridden by Seamie Heffernan and started at odds of 7/1 in a nine-runner field. He tracked the leaders before moving up into second place in the straight, caught the long-time leader Bantry Bay (also trained by O'Brien) in the final strides and won by a short head. Over the same course and distance (but on much firmer ground) he started 9/4 second favourite for the Listed King George V Cup 5 June. After being restrained at the rear of the field by Emmet McNamara he stayed on well in the closing stages to dead heat for second with Morning Mix, half a length behind the Dermot Weld-trained Radanpour. At the Curragh Racecourse on 28 June Bondi Beach was stepped up in class and distance for the Group Three Curragh Cup over one mile and six furlongs in which he was matched against older horses. Ridden by Heffernan he started the 7/1 fourth choice in a six-runner field behind Forgotten Rules (winner of the British Champions Long Distance Cup), Order of St George (from the Ballydoyle stable) and Panama Hat. After racing in second place behind Forgotten Rules he moved up dispute the lead approaching the final furlong at which point Heffernan dropped his whip. He was overtaken by Order of St George but rallied to defeat his more fancied stablemate by a short head. Bondi Beach was then sent to England and dropped back in distance for the Great Voltigeur Stakes over one and a half miles at York Racecourse 19 August and was made the 11/4 favourite ahead of Storm The Stars, who had finished third in The Derby, the previously undefeated Tashaar and the King Edward VII Stakes winner Balios. He was restrained by Joseph O'Brien towards the rear of the field", "title": "Bondi Beach (horse)" }, { "docid": "3162761", "text": "Jenny O'Hara (born February 24, 1942) is an American film, television, and stage actress. She is best known for Dixie in My Sister Sam (1986–1988), Janet Heffernan in The King of Queens (2001–2007), and Nita in Big Love (2006–2009). Early life O'Hara was born in Sonora, California. Her father, John B. O'Hara, was a salesman, and her mother, Edith (Hopkins) O'Hara, was a journalist and drama teacher, who founded and continued to run the 13th Street Repertory Company in New York City for many years before her death at age 103 in 2020. Jenny, her singer/actress younger sister Jill O'Hara, and her singer/guitarist brother Jack O'Hara, grew up amid their mother's pursuit of a theatrical career. John and Edith O'Hara eventually divorced. Jenny O'Hara debuted on stage at age 5 at the Bushkill Playhouse in the Poconos. Career In 1964 O'Hara appeared on Broadway in the dramatic play Dylan. In 1969 she appeared in the musical The Fig Leaves Are Falling. Her other Broadway credits include Promises, Promises, The Iceman Cometh, and The Odd Couple. In 1970, O'Hara succeeded her younger sister, Jill (who had been nominated for a Tony Award) in the musical Promises, Promises. She graduated to television, both in series and made-for-TV features, including starring roles in: Brinks: The Great Robbery, The Return of the World's Greatest Detective, Blind Ambition and Blinded by the Light with Kristy McNichol. She later worked in movies such as Career Opportunities, A Mother's Prayer, Mystic River, Matchstick Men, Extract and Devil; was part of the ensemble cast for the first season of The Facts of Life and the entire run of My Sister Sam; and had guest roles on television series such as Kojak, Charlie's Angels, Quinn Martin's Tales of the Unexpected (also known in the United Kingdom as Twist in the Tale), Barnaby Jones, Barney Miller, Law & Order, The X-Files, Beverly Hills, 90210, NYPD Blue, ER, CHiPs, House M.D., Boston Legal, Reba, Six Feet Under, and Big Love. She has also made appearances over the years on various TV game shows. On TV, O'Hara portrayed Ruth Manly on Black Beauty, Lottie Murphy in Costello, Rebecca in Highcliffe Manor, Janet Heffernan in The King of Queens, Muriel Spiegleman in Live In, Dixie Randazzo in My Sister Sam, and Lucy Dexter on Secrets of Midland Heights. She also had roles in the 2009 film, Extract, and the 2010 horror film, Devil. O'Hara directed the off-Broadway play The Women Are No Different, which was about abuse of wives. In 1973, she owned and operated Jacob O'Hara Inc., a plant business in New York. She auctioned off plants and provided advice to people about caring for their plants. Personal life O'Hara was married to August Dorr Watkins, an interior designer and former actor, from 1968 until their 1974 divorce. Since 1986, she has been married to British-born American actor Nick Ullett. They have two adult daughters. Filmography Film Television Video games References External links 1942 births American film actresses American stage actresses American", "title": "Jenny O'Hara" }, { "docid": "4600466", "text": "William Heffernan (born August 22, 1940) is an American novelist born in New Haven, Connecticut. Before becoming a novelist, Heffernan was an investigative reporter for the New York Daily News. Heffernan left journalism in 1978 after receiving his first book contract for the novel Broderick. He won the Heywood Broun Award twice, received the Robert F. Kennedy Journalism Award and has received a number of other local, state and regional honors. William Heffernan has received the Edgar Award, is a member of the Authors Guild, The Mystery Writers of America, and was once President of the International Association of Crime Writers. The film rights for The Dinosaur Club were sold to Warner Bros in 1997 for $1 million. Works Broderick (1980) Caging the Raven (1981) The Corsican (1983) Acts of Contrition (1986) Blood Rose (a Paul Devlin series book) (1988) Ritual (a Paul Devlin series book) (1989) Corsican Honor (1991) Scarred (a Paul Devlin series book) (1992) Tarnished Blue (a Paul Devlin series book) (winner of the Edgar Award for best paperback original) (1993) Winter's Gold (a Paul Devlin series book) (1995) The Dinosaur Club (1997) Cityside (1997) Red Angel (a Paul Devlin series book) (1999) Beulah Hill (2000) Unholy Order (a Paul Devlin series book) (2000) A Time Gone By (2003) The Dead Detective (2010) When Johnny Came Marching Home (2012) The Scientology Murders (a Dead Detective series book) (2017) Translations A Time Gone By has been translated into Polish: Czas Przeszly, Wydawnictwo \"Amber\" Warsaw, 2004 References External links An Interview with Heffernan Fantastic Fiction - William Heffernan Who Dunnit, William Heffernan Living people 20th-century American novelists 21st-century American novelists American male journalists American male novelists American mystery writers Edgar Award winners 1950 births Writers from New Haven, Connecticut 20th-century American male writers 21st-century American male writers Novelists from Connecticut 20th-century American non-fiction writers 21st-century American non-fiction writers", "title": "William Heffernan" }, { "docid": "2029170", "text": "\"Angels\" is a song by the English singer-songwriter Robbie Williams. It was included on Williams's debut solo album, Life thru a Lens (1997), and released as a single on 1 December 1997 by Chrysalis. \"Angels\" was written by Williams and Guy Chambers, based on an earlier song written by Ray Heffernan. Williams said he wrote \"Angels\" with Chambers about his aunt and uncle, while Heffernan said he wrote the first version in 1996 and finished it with Williams. Williams confirmed that he recorded a demo with Heffernan but said he rewrote the song significantly with Chambers. To avoid a lawsuit, Williams bought the song rights from Heffernan before it was released. Vaughan Arnell directed its music video, which was shot in black and white. \"Angels\" is Williams's best-selling single, and the 34th-bestselling UK single of the 1990s. It was voted the best song of the previous 25 years at the 2005 Brit Awards, and in 2005 Britons voted it the song they most wanted played at their funeral. It has been covered by artists including Jessica Simpson, David Archuleta, Beverley Knight, All Angels, Declan Galbraith and Josh Groban. It was recorded in Spanish (as \"Ángel\") by the Mexican singers Yuridia and Marco Moré, in Italian (as \"Un Angelo\") by Patrizio Buanne and in Brazilian Portuguese (as \"Um Anjo\") by KLB. Williams also recorded a Spanish version. Writing In 2011, Robbie Williams said he wrote \"Angels\" with his collaborator Guy Chambers in 25 minutes about his aunt and uncle. By his account, he and Chambers were sitting outside a cafe watching a water fountain, which inspired them to write the chorus. In 2016, Williams said: \"It was the first of our songs that we wrote together. We could tell and hoped and prayed that we got something incredibly special.\" Williams expressed irritation that some assumed Chambers was the sole author. The Irish singer-songwriter Ray Heffernan said he wrote the first version of \"Angels\" in Paris in 1996, after his partner had a miscarriage. According to Heffernan, he met Williams in a pub by chance in Dublin, and later played him, with his guitar, an incomplete version of his song. Heffernan said in 2010: \"I had the first verse, some of the chorus and some of the second verse.\" That week the two recorded a studio demo. Williams confirmed that he had recorded a demo with Heffernan but said he rewrote the song significantly with Chambers. Before the song's release, Heffernan accepted an offer from Williams's management to buy the rights for £7,500. He is thanked in the UK CD2 single liner notes. Williams said: \"We could have gone to court, and it all would have been down to whether what way the judge wakes up that day out of bed ... So I gave him some money, and he went away.\" In 2011, Heffernan said: \"For a long time, I was angry about this, but as you get older you see things differently ... The 'Angels' connection has opened doors to", "title": "Angels (Robbie Williams song)" }, { "docid": "69659382", "text": "John Heffernan (May 30, 1934 – December 3, 2018) was an American film, stage and television actor. He was perhaps best known for playing Eddie Niles in the 1973 film The Sting. Life and career Heffernan was born in Manhattan, New York. He began his career in the 1950s as a stage actor in New York, appearing in Broadway productions and winning an Obie Award. In 1964 he replaced Albert Finney in the title role of the New York production of Luther. His last stage credit was for the 1982 production Alice in Wonderland. Heffernan began his screen career in 1960, appearing in the anthology television series The Play of the Week. He also played Professor Everett Chambers in the soap opera television series The Doctors, and Chester Markham in Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman. In 1973 Heffernan played the role of Eddie Niles in the film The Sting. Other film appearances included Bringing Out the Dead, 92 in the Shade, 1492: Conquest of Paradise, Gloria, Extreme Measures, and The Fisher King. Heffernan retired in 2001, his last credit being in the police procedural television series Law & Order. Death Heffernan died in December 2018, at the age of 84. Filmography References External links Rotten Tomatoes profile 1934 births 2018 deaths Male actors from Manhattan Male actors from New York (state) American male film actors American male television actors Place of death missing American male stage actors 20th-century American male actors Obie Award recipients", "title": "John Heffernan (American actor)" }, { "docid": "49679393", "text": "Barry Heffernan (born 26 August 1995) is an Irish hurler who plays for Tipperary Senior Championship club Nenagh Éire Óg and at inter-county level with the Tipperary senior hurling team. He usually lines out as a left corner-back. Playing career University of Limerick As a student at the University of Limerick, Heffernan joined the senior hurling team during his second year. On 27 February 2016, he was selected at right wing-back when UL faced Mary Immaculate College in the Fitzgibbon Cup final. Heffernan ended the game on the losing side following a 1-30 to 3-22 defeat. On 24 February 2018, Heffernan played in a second Fitzgibbon Cup final when UL faced DCU Dóchas Éireann. He lined out at right wing-back and collected a winners' medal following a 2-21 to 2-15 victory. Nenagh Éire Óg Heffernan joined the Nenagh Éire Óg club at a young age and played in all grades at juvenile and underage levels before eventually joining the club's top adult team. On 13 September 2014, Heffernan lined out at left wing-back when Nenagh Éire Óg drew 1-20 to 2-17 with Burgess in the North Tipperary Championship final. He retained his position for the replay two weeks later and claimed a winners' medal following the 0-14 to 0-08 victory. Tipperary Minor and under-21 Heffernan first played for Tipperary when he joined the minor team in advance of the 2011 Munster Championship. He made his first appearance for the team on 27 April 2011 when he came on as a 39th-minute substitute for Ray Ralph in a 2-16 to 1-13 defeat by Waterford. On 15 July 2012, Heffernan lined out at left wing-back when Tipperary faced Clare in the Munster final. He scored a point from play and ended the game with a winners' medal after a 1-16 to 1-12 victory. Heffernan again lined out at left wing-back when Tipperary drew 2-13 to 1-16 with Dublin in the All-Ireland final. He retained his position for the replay on 30 September 2012 and ended the game with an All-Ireland medal following the 2-18 to 1-11 victory. Heffernan was once again eligible for the minor grade in 2013. He played his last game in the grade on 26 June 2013 when he lined out at left wing-back in a 1-17 to 0-17 defeat by Limerick. Heffernan was drafted onto the Tipperary under-21 team before the 2014 Munster Championship. He was an unused substitute on 16 July 2014 when Tipperary suffered a 5-19 to 1-25 extra-time defeat by Clare. On 16 July 2015, Heffernan made his first appearance for the under-21 team when he was selected at centre-back for Tipperary's Munster semi-final meeting with Limerick. He ended the game on the losing side following a 3-16 to 3-14 defeat. Heffernan was again eligible for the under-21 grade in 2016. He lined out at left wing-back when Tipperary suffered a 2-19 to 0-15 defeat by Waterford in the Munster final in what was his last game in the grade. Senior Heffernan was added to", "title": "Barry Heffernan" }, { "docid": "63913658", "text": "The inaugural series of Sky One comedy-drama television series Brassic began broadcasting on 22 August 2019. Throughout the series, the directing credits rotated between Daniel O'Hara and Jon Wright: O'Hara directed the first three episodes whereas Wright directed the second half. The programme was created by Joe Gilgun, who also portrays the lead role of Vinnie O'Neill, and Danny Brocklehurst, who also wrote five episodes of the first series. Brassic follows the lives of Vinnie (Gilgun) and his five friends as they live their lives in the fictional northern English town of Hawley. The working class group commit various crimes to keep money in their pockets, but as they get older some of them wonder if there's more to life away from the town. The rest of the main cast includes Michelle Keegan, Damien Molony, Tom Hanson, Aaron Heffernan, Ryan Sampson, Parth Thakerar, Steve Evets, Ruth Sheen, Anthony Welsh and Dominic West. Cast Main Joe Gilgun as Vincent \"Vinnie\" O'Neill Michelle Keegan as Erin Croft Damien Molony as Dylan Tom Hanson as Leslie \"Cardi\" Titt Aaron Heffernan as Ashley \"Ash\" Dennings Ryan Sampson as Tommo Parth Thakerar as Jehan \"JJ\" Jovani Steve Evets as Farmer Jim Ruth Sheen as Kath Anthony Welsh as Jake Dominic West as Dr. Chris Coxley Supporting Jude Riordan as Tyler Croft Archie Kelly as Shirley Paslowski John Weaver as Carl Slater Tim Dantay as Vinnie's Dad Joanna Higson as Sugar Tadhg Murphy as Gary Bronagh Gallagher as Carol Dennings Ramon Tikaram as Terence McCann Neil Fitzmaurice as Mr. Bishop Episodes Marketing The series' official trailer was released by Sky One on 13 August 2019, and was shown on the network in the days prior to its premiere. Release Broadcast Brassic debuted on Sky One on 22 August 2019. Internationally, the programme has been aired in France, from 16 September; Spain, from 24 September through internet streaming; Germany, from 1 January 2020 through internet streaming; Australia from 25 February 2020, Canada, Russia and the United States. In Russia, it is titled as Без гроша. Home media All episodes are available to be viewed through the Sky Go and Amazon Video apps. The entire boxset is also available on NOW TV and Virgin Media in the United Kingdom. On 27 August 2019, it was announced that the complete first series would release to DVD on 30 September. Critical response Series 1 of Brassic received general positive reviews from critics within the United Kingdom. Creator and lead actor Joe Gilgun has been praised for his performance as Vinny O'Neill, with review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes commented, \"Joseph Gilgun is wonderfully expressive as Vinnie, his volatile features continually scrunching together and apart like the top of a drawstring bag.\" References External links 2019 British television seasons Television series set in 2019", "title": "Brassic series 1" }, { "docid": "12941583", "text": "\"China Syndrome\" is the series finale of the long-running American sitcom The King of Queens. The finale has the length of two regular episodes, being counted as the twelfth and thirteenth episodes of the ninth season, running about 45 minutes without commercials. It was filmed March 15, 2007, and originally aired on CBS on May 14, 2007. Plot Doug is furious when he learns Carrie has not given up the apartment in Manhattan as she promised, despite quitting his job as an IPS driver in favor of a new job as a salesperson at her request. Doug does not want to attend her father Arthur's wedding to Ava St. Clair (Lainie Kazan), which takes place in Poughkeepsie; instead, he stays at home watching The Price is Right, and several references to the game show are made, including contestants bidding on a prize, and Doug yelling to the TV that \"the Rice-a-Roni is much cheaper than the Turtle Wax\" and ranting about how \"Ensign Curtis just cost himself a trip to the Showcase Showdown\". However, his best friend Deacon Palmer takes him to Poughkeepsie anyway. Ava St. Clair reveals to Carrie that after a few failed marriages, she now only marries gay men. Ava later learns that Arthur is not gay and promptly leaves the ceremony without informing Arthur. Carrie attempts to comfort Arthur by telling him, \"She had wanted a companion.\" Arthur refuses to announce that the wedding is off, and proposes to Veronica Olchin, Spence's mother (Anne Meara) in the men's room. She at first declines, but later accepts. Carrie and Spence are both surprised and against the decision. The ceremony is performed by Rabbi Feldman (Josh Cooke), because the original bride Ava was Jewish, although neither Arthur nor Veronica is Jewish. The wedding ends with Arthur smashing a glass with his foot, while everyone cheers, \"Mazel tov!\". Immediately afterward, Carrie is notified that the baby she and Doug wanted to adopt, Ming-Mei, is waiting for them in Beijing. However, Doug does not want to go through with the adoption process because of her betrayal regarding the apartment. A very pregnant Holly (Nicole Sullivan) also shows up at the wedding, as does the Heffernans’ neighbor, Lou Ferrigno. When Lou tries to cheer everyone up by proclaiming it's \"such a happy day,\" he is met with unhappy expressions. Spence apologizes to Danny for the way he left things when moving out. Danny forgives him, but when Spence alludes to moving back in, Danny reveals he has a girlfriend (and roommate), Sandy, thereby declining. Doug then makes an offer to Spence to become his new roommate, since he is divorcing Carrie, but later retracts the offer when Holly tells him her story. At this point, it is also revealed that Holly's husband left her. Very drunk, Doug challenges each of them to a wrestling match, but falls asleep while fighting with Holly. When Arthur learns that Doug is unable to toast him as his best man due to him being intoxicated,", "title": "China Syndrome (The King of Queens)" }, { "docid": "1495794", "text": "Douglas Steven \"Doug\" Heffernan is a fictional character and the protagonist of the American sitcom The King of Queens. The character has also appeared in Everybody Loves Raymond, Becker, and Cosby. He is portrayed by Kevin James, whose stand-up comedy background inspired the comedic style of the show. Doug, an often immature 'average Joe', lives in Rego Park, Queens, with his wife Carrie Heffernan (Leah Remini) and his father-in-law Arthur Spooner (Jerry Stiller). Doug is a delivery driver for the International Parcel Service (a fictionalized version of United Parcel Service), a job he acquired by pretending to work there after lying to Carrie (his then-girlfriend) about having a job. Character Background Doug was born on February 9, 1965, in Montreal, while his mother Janet (Jenny O'Hara) and father Joe (Dakin Matthews) were attending a friend's wedding there. His parents told him that he was born in New York City and he discovers the truth as an adult, in the episode \"Dog Shelter\". He has a sister, a physical education teacher named Stephanie (Ricki Lake). Doug's father owned a small hardware store in Queens, and his mother was a homemaker. The Heffernans were Catholic, but Doug lapses after moving out. He lived with his parents until he was 27, when he moved into his friend Richie's apartment. Doug's father, Joe, wanted Doug to take over the hardware store when he came of age, but Doug showed little interest in this venture. He was an overweight child and was sent to \"fat camp\" by his parents. Doug's weight is frequently a point of contention between himself and his wife, with Carrie encouraging him to eat healthier, but Doug is steadfast in his enjoyment of fried foods and snacks. Carrie's domineering personality is another frequent subject of argument, with Doug secretly defying her demands (about clothing and cologne, for example). Doug is an avid sports fan, supporting the New York Mets, New York Jets, New York Knicks, and New York Islanders. He proposes to Carrie at a Jets game. On Christmas one year, when he is given a Miami Dolphins Christmas ornament, Doug openly doesn't like the gift because both the Jets and Dolphins play in the AFC East. (Despite the Jets-Patriots rivalry becoming more intense during the show's run than the Dolphins-Jets rivalry, it was never mentioned on the show; however, the Monday Night Miracle did take place during the show's third season.) James is a fan of the Mets in real life; he named his daughter Shea Joelle after the then-home of the Mets, Shea Stadium. Doug attended St. Gregory's High School in Queens, where he befriended Spence Olchin; he also went to school with his cousin Danny. Doug played high school football was a star player and starting fullback. He was very popular in school and thinks of high school as the best years of his life. Doug never liked bullies in high school, unlike the other jocks, which also made him well-liked. In the episode \"Hi, School\", Doug says", "title": "Doug Heffernan" }, { "docid": "45278093", "text": "Tapestry foaled 18 January 2011 is an Irish Thoroughbred racehorse. She ran three times as a two-year-old, winning on her first two starts including the Debutante Stakes. Her greatest success came in 2014 when she won the 2014 Yorkshire Oaks ending the Oaks and King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes winner Taghrooda's unbeaten record. She will stay in training as a 4 year old in 2015. Background Tapestry is a bay filly, she is her dam Rumplestiltskin's 3rd foal. Her sire is Galileo meaning she is breed on the same Danehill Galileo cross that has produced leading horses like Frankel, Teofilo and Roderic O'Connor. She is a full sister to John F Kennedy. She is trained by Aidan O'Brien and owned by John Magnier's wife Sue and running in her famous navy blue silks. Two Year-Old Career Tapestry's career began in July 2013 in a maiden race at the Curragh. She was trainer Aidan O'Brien's second string with his son Joseph O'Brien riding the 6/4 joint favourite Snow. With 1 furlong to travel tapestry was 5th but quickened to win by half a length under a ride by Seamie Heffernan. She returned to the Curragh in August to contest the Group 2 Debutante Stakes. She was one of 6 fillies in the race, 3 of them trained by Aidan O'Brien. The 4/5 favourite was asked to quicken by Joseph O'Brien in the closing stages overtaking stablemate Perhaps to win by 1 and 3/4 lengths. The win caused some bookmakers to cut their ante post odds on her winning the 1000 Guineas. Aidan O'Brien said after the race she could be aimed at the Moyglare Stud Stakes. For her final start of 2013 Tapestry ran in the Molyglare stud stakes, one of the leading races for 2 year old fillies with many past winners going on to win the 1000 Guineas. She was supplemented late for the race at a cost of €22,500. This race matched her against Kiyoshi who had won the Albany Stakes, Kiyoshi started 13/8 favourite with Tapestry at 2/1. The race was won by the Queen Anne Stakes winner Rizeena at a price of 9/2. Tapestry passed the winning post in the third place but a stewards enquiry found Jamie Spencer's filly Kiyoshi, who finished 2nd, to have interfered with her run and reversed the placings. After the race Aidan O'Brien praised her performance \"She ran very well, As for the rest of this year, she has the option of going for the Fillies' Mile at Newmarket or we might just leave her off for the rest of the season.\" Three Year-Old Career During a stable tour in early 2014 Aidan O'Brien revealed Tapestry would be sent straight to the 1000 Guineas without a prep run. She and Rizeena dominated the Ante post betting for the Guineas but mid April bookmakers began to lengthen their prices on tapestry due to the amount of bets on her rival. Tapestry was joined in the Guineas by fellow Aidan", "title": "Tapestry (horse)" }, { "docid": "2151554", "text": "Carrie Heffernan is a fictional character in the American sitcom The King of Queens. She appears in all of the show's nine seasons and is one of the show's three central characters. The character is portrayed by Leah Remini and lives in Rego Park, Queens, with her husband Doug Heffernan (Kevin James), and her father Arthur Spooner (Jerry Stiller). Carrie works as a legal secretary during the first six seasons and as a real estate firm secretary for the last three seasons. Character profile Carrie Heffernan (born in Manhattan on January 19, 1969) is the sharp-tongued wife of Doug Heffernan (Kevin James). Her father, Arthur Spooner (Jerry Stiller), lives in the couple's basement after losing his home in a fire. Carrie was born Simone Spooner but when she was a child, Arthur lost her name in a poker game which necessitated a switch of name with her cousin Carrie. Carrie's mother Sophia insisted on having \"mother to Simone\" engraved on her tombstone. Carrie originally had a sister (or probably, and more specifically, a paternal half-sister) named Sara (Lisa Rieffel) who moved in along with Arthur, but after the first season, the character was dropped. Little is known about Carrie's mother Sophia, except that she died when Carrie was 15, leaving Carrie in a state of confusion and loss. Although it was later stated her birthday was July 16, 1971, in Season 1 Episode 15 titled \"Crappy Birthday\" which aired February 1, 1999, it is stated her birthday is \"this Friday the 19th\" and February 19, 1999 did land on a Friday. Also in this episode it is snowing during her birthday dinner, making it nearly impossible to be in July in New York City. The coupling of Carrie and Doug in the King of Queens is an attempt to create a subtle \"beauty and the beast\" scenario in modern times. Carrie is a beautiful woman with an attractive figure, whereas Doug is a sloppy dresser and over-eater who doesn't take his fitness, health or weight gain seriously. He makes no excuses for his love of food or his desire to watch as much TV as he possibly can. It is a deliberate mismatch of looks, allowing the storyline to compensate by evolving the good chemistry between them, displaying overt affection to one another, and building their love story, independent of how different they are. As the seasons progress however, Doug begins to lose weight, become more fit, and become more attractive to women in particular. This begins to irritate Carrie, who had always been the one that stood out to everyone who knew or met them. Carrie does make it clear over the years, that she \"could have done better\" (than Doug), but its obvious that she loves him and in the end is satisfied with her choice. As the story is told, after difficult teenage years, Carrie met her future husband Doug Heffernan one night at a bar, where she originally met Doug's friend from school, Richie Ianucci (Larry", "title": "Carrie Heffernan" } ]	[ "Gary Valentine" ]
train_7056	the number of orders in class mammalia is	[ { "docid": "18838", "text": "A mammal () is a vertebrate animal of the class Mammalia (). Mammals are characterized by the presence of milk-producing mammary glands for feeding their young, a neocortex region of the brain, fur or hair, and three middle ear bones. These characteristics distinguish them from reptiles and birds, from which their ancestors diverged in the Carboniferous Period over 300 million years ago. Around 6,400 extant species of mammals have been described and divided into 29 orders. The largest orders of mammals, by number of species, are the rodents, bats, and Eulipotyphla (including hedgehogs, moles and shrews). The next three are the primates (including humans, monkeys and lemurs), the even-toed ungulates (including pigs, camels, and whales), and the Carnivora (including cats, dogs, and seals). Mammals are the only living members of Synapsida; this clade, together with Sauropsida (reptiles and birds), constitutes the larger Amniota clade. Early synapsids are referred to as \"pelycosaurs\". The more advanced therapsids became dominant during the Middle Permian. Mammals originated from cynodonts, an advanced group of therapsids, during the Late Triassic to Early Jurassic. Mammals achieved their modern diversity in the Paleogene and Neogene periods of the Cenozoic era, after the extinction of non-avian dinosaurs, and have been the dominant terrestrial animal group from 66 million years ago to the present. The basic mammalian body type is quadruped, and most mammals use their four extremities for terrestrial locomotion; but in some, the extremities are adapted for life at sea, in the air, in trees, underground, or on two legs. Mammals range in size from the bumblebee bat to the blue whale—possibly the largest animal to have ever lived. Maximum lifespan varies from two years for the shrew to 211 years for the bowhead whale. All modern mammals give birth to live young, except the five species of monotremes, which are egg-laying mammals. The most species-rich group of mammals, the infraclass called placentals, have a placenta, which enables the feeding of the fetus during gestation. Most mammals are intelligent, with some possessing large brains, self-awareness, and tool use. Mammals can communicate and vocalize in several ways, including the production of ultrasound, scent-marking, alarm signals, singing, echolocation; and, in the case of humans, complex language. Mammals can organize themselves into fission–fusion societies, harems, and hierarchies—but can also be solitary and territorial. Most mammals are polygynous, but some can be monogamous or polyandrous. Domestication of many types of mammals by humans played a major role in the Neolithic Revolution, and resulted in farming replacing hunting and gathering as the primary source of food for humans. This led to a major restructuring of human societies from nomadic to sedentary, with more co-operation among larger and larger groups, and ultimately the development of the first civilizations. Domesticated mammals provided, and continue to provide, power for transport and agriculture, as well as food (meat and dairy products), fur, and leather. Mammals are also hunted and raced for sport, kept as pets and working animals of various types, and are used as model organisms", "title": "Mammal" }, { "docid": "13908526", "text": "Sir Antonio Brady (10 November 1811 – 12 December 1881) was an English naturalist, social reformer and British Admiralty official. Brady was born at Deptford on 10 November 1811, being the eldest son of Anthony Brady of the Deptford victualling yard, then storekeeper at the Royal William victualling yard, Plymouth, by his marriage, on 20 December 1810, with Marianne, daughter of Francis Perigal and Mary Ogier. He was educated at Colfe's School, Lewisham, and then entered the Civil Service as a junior clerk in the Victoria victualling yard, Deptford, on 29 November 1828, and, having served there and at Plymouth and Portsmouth, was, through the recommendation of Sir James Graham, promoted to headquarters at Somerset House as a second-class clerk in the accountant-general's office on 26 June 1844. He was gradually promoted until in 1864 he became registrar of contracts, and having subsequently assisted very materially in reorganising the office, he was made the first superintendent of the admiralty new contract department on 13 April 1869, when an improved salary of £1,000 a year was allotted to him. He held this appointment until 31 March 1870, when he retired on a special pension. He was knighted by The Queen at Windsor on 23 June 1870. After his retirement Sir Antonio devoted himself to social, educational, and religious reform. Having taken a great interest in the preservation of Epping Forest for the people, he was appointed a judge in the Verderer's court for the forest of Epping. He was associated with church work of all kinds. He published in 1869 The Church's Works and its Hindrances, with suggestions for Church Reform. The establishment of the Plaistow and Victoria Dock Mission, the East London Museum at Bethnal Green, and the West Ham and Stratford Dispensary was in a great measure due to him. Brady was a member of the Ray, the Palæontographical, and Geological Societies. So long ago as 1844 his attention had been attracted to the wonderful deposits of brickearth which occupy the valley of the Roding at Ilford, within a mile of his residence. Encouraged by Professor Owen he commenced collecting the rich series of mammalian remains in the brickearths of the Thames valley, comprising amongst others the skeletons of the tiger, wolf, bear, elephant, rhinoceros, horse, elk, stag, bison, ox, hippopotamus, &c. This valuable collection of pleistocene mammalia is now in the Natural History Museum. Most notable in the collection is the \"Ilford mammoth skull\" which is the most complete mammoth skull ever found in Britain. The skull is on display in the Hintze Hall of the Natural History Museum. A resin cast of the skull is on display in Redbridge Central Library in Ilford. In his Catalogue of Pleistocene Mammalia from Ilford, Essex, 1874, printed for private circulation only, Brady acknowledges his indebtedness to Mr. William Davies, F.G.S., his instructor in the art of preserving fossil bones. He died suddenly at his residence, Maryland Point, Forest Lane, Stratford, on 12 December 1881. He was buried in the churchyard", "title": "Antonio Brady" }, { "docid": "12173116", "text": "Isthmomys is a genus of rodent in the family Cricetidae, belonging to the tribe Reithrodontomyini. Species are: Yellow isthmus rat (Isthmomys flavidus) Mount Pirri isthmus rat (Isthmomys pirrensis) References Further reading Anthony, H. E. 1916. Panama Mammals Collected in 1914–1915. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 35: 357–377. Bangs, Outram. 1902. Chiriqui Mammalia: Megadontomys flavidus. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 8: 27–29. Carleton, M. D. 1980. Phylogenetic relationships in neotomine-peromyscine rodents (Muroidea) and a reappraisal of the dichotomy within New World Cricetinae. Cuartas-Calle, Carlos Auturo and Javier Muñoz-Arango. 2003. Lista de los Mamiferos (Mammalia: Theria) del departamento de Antioquia, Colombia. Biota Colombiana 4, no. 1: 65–78. Goldman, Edward. 1912. New Mammals from Eastern Panama. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 60, no. 2: 1–18. Goldman, Edward. 1920. Mammals of Panama. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 69, no. 5. Goodwin, George G. 1946. Mammals of Costa Rica. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 87, no. 5. Hall, E.R. and K.R. Kelson. 1958 The Mammals of North America. New York: Ronald Press Co. Handley, Charles. 1966. Checklist of the Mammals of Panama. In Ectoparasites of Panama, ed. Wenzel and Tipton:753–796. Chicago, Illinois: Field Museum of Natural History. Hooper, Emmet T. and Guy Musser. 1964. Notes on the classification of the rodent genus Peromyscus. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, no. 635. Linzey, Alicia and James N. Layne. 1974. Comparative morphology of spermatozoa of the rodent genus Peromyscus (Muridae). American Museum Novitates, no. 2532. Linzey, Alicia and James N. Layne. 1969. Comparative morphology of the male reproductive tract in the rodent genus Peromyscus (Muridae). American Museum Novitates, no. 2355: 1–46. Middleton, John R. 2007. A Systematic Revision of Genus Isthmomys (Rodentia: Cricetidae). Master's Thesis, Texas Tech University, Lubbock Texas. Stangl, F. B. and R. J. Baker. 1984. Evolutionary relationships in Peromyscus: congruence in chromosomal, genic, and classical data sets. Journal of Mammalogy 65, no. 4: 643–654. Rodent genera Taxa named by Guy Musser Taxonomy articles created by Polbot", "title": "Isthmomys" } ]	[ { "docid": "45358723", "text": "The taxonomy of the animals presented by Hutchins et al. in 2003 in Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia is a system of classification which covers all the metazoans, from phyla to orders (or families, for Hexapoda and Pisces, or species, for Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves and Mammalia). Animalia (= Metazoa) Phylum Porifera Phylum Porifera Class Calcarea Order Baeriida Order Clathrinida Order Leucosoleniida Order Lithonida Order Murrayonida Class Hexactinellida Order Amphidiscosida Order Aulocalycoida Order Hexactinosida Order Lychniscosida Order Lyssacinosida Class Demospongiae Order Agelasida Order Astrophorida Order Chondrosida Order Dendroceratida Order Dictyoceratida Order Hadromerida Order Halichondrida Order Halisarcida Order Haplosclerida Order Homosclerophorida Order Poecilosclerida Order Spirophorida Order Verongida Order Verticillitida Phylum Placozoa Phylum Placozoa No order designations Phylum Monoblastozoa Phylum Monoblastozoa No order designations Phylum Rhombozoa Phylum Rhombozoa Order Dicyemida Order Heterocyemida Phylum Orthonectida Phylum Orthonectida Order Orthonectida Phylum Cnidaria Phylum Cnidaria Class Anthozoa Order Actiniaria Order Alcyonacea Order Antipatharia Order Ceriantharia Order Corallimorpharia Order Helioporacea Order Pennatulacea Order Scleractinia Order Zoanthidea Class Hydrozoa Order Actinulida Order Capitata Order Conica Order Cystonectae Order Filifera Order Laingiomedusae Order Limnomedusae Order Moerisiida Order Narcomedusa Order Proboscoida Order Physonectae Order Polypodiozoa Order Trachymedusa Class Cubozoa Order Cubomedusae Class Scyphozoa Order Coronatae Order Rhizostomeae Order Semaeostomeae Order Stauromedusae Phylum Ctenophora Phylum Ctenophora Order Beroida Order Cestida Order Cydippida Order Ganeshida Order Lobata Order Platyctenida Order Thalassocalycida Phylum Platyhelminthes Phylum Platyhelminthes Class Acoela No order designations Class Turbellaria Order Catenulida Order Haplopharyngida Order Lecithoepitheliata Order Macrostomida Order Polycladida Order Prolecithophora Order Proplicastomata Order Proseriata Order Rhabdocoela Order Tricladida Class Trematoda Order Aspidogastrida Order Azygiida Order Echinostomida Order Opisthorchiida Order Plagiorchiida Order Strigeatida Class Monogenea Order Monopisthocotylea Order Polyopisthocotylea Class Cestoda Order Amphilinidea Order Caryophyllidea Order Cyclophyllidea Order Diphyllidea Order Gyrocotylidea Order Haplobothriidea Order Lecanicephalidea Order Litobothriidea Order Nippotaeniidea Order Proteocephalidea Order Pseudophyllidea Order Spathebothriidea Order Tetrabothriidea Order Tetraphyllidea Order Trypanorhyncha Phylum Nemertea Phylum Nemertea Class Anopla Order Heteronemertea Order Palaeonemertea Class Enopla Order Hoplonemertea Phylum Rotifera Phylum Rotifera Order Bdelloida Order Collothecacea Order Flosculariacea Order Ploimida Order Seisonida Phylum Gastrotricha Phylum Gastrotricha Order Chaetonotida Order Macrodasyida Phylum Kinorhyncha Phylum Kinorhyncha Order Cyclorhagida Order Homalorhagida Phylum Nematoda Phylum Nematoda Class Adenophorea Order Araeolaimida Order Chromadorida Order Desmodorida Order Desmoscolecida Order Dorylaimida Order Enoplida Order Isolaimida Order Mermithida Order Monhysterida Order Mononchida Order Muspiceida Order Stichosomida Order Trichocephalida Class Secernentea Order Aphelenchida Order Ascaridida Order Camallanida Order Diplogasterida Order Rhabditida Order Spirurida Order Strongylida Order Tylenchida Phylum Nematomorpha Phylum Nematomorpha Order Gordioidea Order Nectonematoidea Phylum Acanthocephala Phylum Acanthocephala Order Apororhynchida Order Echinorhynchida Order Gigantorhynchida Order Gyracanthocephala Order Moniliformida Order Neoechinorhynchida Order Oligacanthorhynchida Order Polymorphida Phylum Entoprocta Phylum Entoprocta Order Coloniales Order Solitaria Phylum Micrognathozoa Phylum Micrognathozoa Order Limnognathida Phylum Gnathostomulida Phylum Gnathostomulida Order Bursovaginoidea Order Filospermoidea Phylum Priapulida Phylum Priapulida Order Halicryptomorphida Order Priapulimorphida Order Seticoronarida Phylum Loricifera Phylum Loricifera Order Nanaloricida Phylum Cycliophora Phylum Cycliophora Order Symbiida Phylum Echinodermata Phylum Echinodermata Class Crinoidea Order Bourgueticrinida Order Comatulida Order Cyrtocrinida Order Isocrinida Order Millericrinida Class Asteroidea Order Brisingida Order Forcipulatida Order Notomyotida Order Paxillosida Order Spinulosida Order Valvatida Order Velatida Class", "title": "Taxonomy of the animals (Hutchins et al., 2003)" }, { "docid": "70799916", "text": "Taubatherium is an extinct genus of mammal, belonging to the order Notoungulata. It lived during the Late Oligocene, in what is today Brazil, in South America. Description Fossils of this animal indicates that it had a fairly robust build, but not as heavy as some of its relatives, Leontinia and Scarrittia. The robust body was supported by four relatively slender but strong limbs ; the dimensions of Taubatherium were typical of its family, as it was approximately 1.80 meters long and 80 centimeters high at the withers. It weighed between 280 and 350 kilograms, and its body mass would be equivalent to that of a modern horse. Classification Taubatherium was first described in 1983 by Carlos de Paula Couto, based on cranial and postcranial fragmentary remains found in the Tremembé Formation, near Taubaté, in Brazil. Paula Couto believed that the fossils belonged to the already existing genus Leontinia, and described the remains as Leontinia cf. gaudryi. In 1989, these remains were attributed to a new genus of notoungulates, Taubatherium. In addition to the type species, Taubatherium paulacoutoi, another species, T. major was described from the same formation and based on a single upper molar. This latter species is currently considered a synonym to the type species. Taubatherium was a member of the family Leontiniidae, a group of heavy-built notoungulates that thrived during the Oligocene. Taubatherium seems to have been part of a tropical clade, also including Huilatherium and Colpodon. Paleobiology and Paleoecology Taubatherium was an herbivorous animal, with gregarious habits, who lived in herd near the ancient lake whose former basin constitutes the Tremembé Formation ; specimens with notable morphological differences, probably due to ontogenesis or sexual dimorphism, were preserved in the fossil records. Bibliography M. F. Soria and H. M. F. Alvarenga. 1989. Nuevos restos de mamiferos de la Cuenca de Taubaté, Estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 61(2):157-175 B. J. Shockey. 2005. New leontinidids (Class Mammalia, Order Notoungulata, Family Leontiniidae) from the Salla beds of Bolivia (Deseadan, Late Oligocene). Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 45(4):249-260 Toxodonts Oligocene mammals of South America Paleogene Brazil Fossils of Brazil Fossil taxa described in 1989 Prehistoric placental genera", "title": "Taubatherium" }, { "docid": "4347225", "text": "This is a list of Asian animals extinct in the Holocene that covers extinctions from the Holocene epoch, a geologic epoch that began about 11,650 years before present (about 9700 BCE) and continues to the present day. This list includes the Asian continent and its surrounding islands, including Cyprus. The three Transcaucasian republics of Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan are included in the List of European species extinct in the Holocene, even though their territory may fall partially or fully in Asia depending of the definition of Europe considered. Species from Western New Guinea (Indonesia), the Aru Islands (Indonesia), and Christmas Island (Australia) are listed in List of Australia-New Guinea species extinct in the Holocene. Many extinction dates are unknown due to a lack of relevant information. Mammals (class Mammalia) Elephant-like mammals (order Proboscidea) Elephants and mammoths (family Elephantidae) Sea cows (order Sirenia) Dugongs (family Dugongidae) Lagomorphs (order Lagomorpha) Rabbits and hares (family Leporidae) Rodents (order Rodentia) Old World rats and mice (family Muridae) Possibly extinct Primates (order Primates) Great apes (family Hominidae) Gibbons (family Hylobatidae) Bats (order Chiroptera) Megabats (family Pteropodidae) Locally extinct Vesper bats (family Vespertilionidae) Carnivorans (order Carnivora) Cats (family Felidae) Locally extinct Viverrids (family (Viverridae) Possibly extinct Dogs (family Canidae) Possibly extinct Eared seals (family Otariidae) Martens, polecats, otters, badgers, and weasels (family Mustelidae) Odd-toed ungulates (order Perissodactyla) Horses and allies (family Equidae) Extinct in the wild Locally extinct Rhinoceroses (family Rhinocerotidae) Possibly extinct Even-toed ungulates (order Artiodactyla) Camels and llamas (family Camelidae) Extinct in the wild Pigs (family Suidae) Hippopotamuses (family Hippopotamidae) Locally extinct Chinese river dolphins (family Lipotidae) Possibly extinct True deer (family Cervidae) Extinct in the wild Cattle, goats, antelopes, and others (family Bovidae) Possibly extinct Extinct in the wild Locally extinct Birds (class Aves) Ostriches and fossil relatives (order Struthioniformes) Ostriches (family Struthionidae) Landfowl (order Galliformes) Pheasants and allies (family Phasianidae) Possibly extinct Waterfowl (order Anseriformes) Ducks, geese, and swans (family Anatidae) Possibly extinct Pigeons and doves (order Columbiformes) Pigeons and doves (family Columbidae) Possibly extinct Rails and cranes (order Gruiformes) Rails (family Rallidae) Cranes (family Gruidae) Locally extinct Shorebirds (order Charadriiformes) Plovers, dotterels, and lapwings (family Charadriidae) Possibly extinct Sandpipers (family Scolopacidae) Possibly extinct Buttonquails (family Turnicidae) Boobies, cormorants, and relatives (order Suliformes) Cormorants and shags (family Phalacrocoracidae) Pelicans, herons, and ibises (order Pelecaniformes) Herons (family Ardeidae) Ibises and spoonbills (family Threskiornithidae) Locally extinct in the wild Hawks and relatives (order Accipitriformes) Hawks, eagles, kites, harriers and Old World vultures (family Accipitridae) Owls (order Strigiformes) True owls (family Strigidae) Possibly extinct Barn-owls (family Tytonidae) Possibly extinct Hornbills and hoopoes (order Bucerotiformes) Hornbills (family Bucerotidae) Kingfishers and relatives (order Coraciiformes) Kingfishers (family Alcedinidae) Woodpeckers and allies (order Piciformes) Woodpeckers (family Picidae) Parrots (order Psittaciformes) Old World parrots (family Psittaculidae) Perching birds (order Passeriformes) Cuckooshrikes (family Campephagidae) Possibly extinct Dippers (family Cinclidae) True finches (family Fringillidae) Swallows (family Hirundinidae) Possibly extinct Monarch flycatchers (family Monarchidae) Possibly extinct Old World flycatchers (family Muscicapidae) Possibly extinct Orioles (family Oriolidae) Tits (family Paridae) Thrushes (family Turdidae) White-eyes", "title": "List of Asian animals extinct in the Holocene" }, { "docid": "35703931", "text": "The 2000s witnessed an explosion of genome sequencing and mapping in evolutionarily diverse species. While full genome sequencing of mammals is rapidly progressing, the ability to assemble and align orthologous whole chromosomal regions from more than a few species is not yet possible. The intense focus on the building of comparative maps for domestic (dogs and cats), laboratory (mice and rats) and agricultural (cattle) animals has traditionally been used to understand the underlying basis of disease-related and healthy phenotypes. These maps also provide an unprecedented opportunity to use multispecies analysis as a tool to infer karyotype evolution. Comparative chromosome painting and related techniques are very powerful approaches in comparative genome studies. Homologies can be identified with high accuracy using molecularly defined DNA probes for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on chromosomes of different species. Chromosome painting data are now available for members of nearly all mammalian orders. It was found that in most orders, there are species with rates of chromosome evolution that can be considered as 'default' rates. It needs to be noted that the number of rearrangements that have become fixed in evolutionary history seems relatively low, due to 180 million years of the mammalian radiation. Thus a record of the history of karyotype changes that have occurred during evolution have been attained through comparative chromosome maps. Mammalian phylogenomics Modern mammals (class Mammalia) are divided into Monotremes, Marsupials, and Placentals. The subclass Prototheria (Monotremes) comprises the five species of egg-laying mammals: platypus and four echidna species. The infraclasses Metatheria (Marsupials) and Eutheria (Placentals) together form the subclass Theria. In the 2000s understanding of the relationships among eutherian mammals has experienced a virtual revolution. Molecular phylogenomics, new fossil finds and innovative morphological interpretations now group the more than 4600 extant species of eutherians into four major super-ordinal clades: Euarchontoglires (including Primates, Dermoptera, Scandentia, Rodentia, and Lagomorpha), Laurasiatheria (Cetartiodactyla, Perissodactyla, Carnivora, Chiroptera, Pholidota, and Eulipotyphla), Xenarthra, and Afrotheria (Proboscidea, Sirenia, Hyracoidea, Afrosoricida, Tubulidentata, and Macroscelidea). This tree is very useful in unifying the parts of a puzzle in comparative mammalian cytogenetics. Karyotypes: a global view of the genome Each gene maps to the same chromosome in every cell. Linkage is determined by the presence of two or more loci on the same chromosome. The entire chromosomal set of a species is known as a karyotype. A seemingly logical consequence of descent from common ancestors is that more closely related species should have more chromosomes in common. However, it is now widely thought that species may have phenetically similar karyotypes due to genomic conservation. Therefore, in comparative cytogenetics, phylogenetic relationships should be determined on the basis of the polarity of chromosomal differences (derived traits). Historical development of comparative cytogenetics Mammalian comparative cytogenetics, an indispensable part of phylogenomics, has evolved in a series of steps from pure description to the more heuristic science of the genomic era. Technical advances have marked the various developmental steps of cytogenetics. Classical phase of cytogenetics The first step of the Human Genome Project took place when", "title": "Genome diversity and karyotype evolution of mammals" }, { "docid": "203155", "text": "Pinheirodon is a genus of extinct mammal from Portugal. It is a member of the also extinct order of Multituberculata, and shared the world with dinosaurs. It is placed in the suborder \"Plagiaulacida\" and family Pinheirodontidae. The species on which the genus is based has been designated as Pinheirodon sp. It is known from isolated fossil teeth. Initially considered Early Cretaceous, Pinheirodon is from the locality of Porto Dinheiro (Lourinhã, Portugal) which is Late Jurassic (Tithonian). References Most of this information has been derived from MESOZOIC MAMMALS: Basal Multituberculata, an Internet directory. Kielan-Jaworowska Z. and Hurum J.H. (2001), \"Phylogeny and Systematics of multituberculate mammals\". Paleontology 44, p. 389-429. Hahn & Hahn (1999), Pinheirodontidae n. fam. (Multituberculata) (Mammalia) aus der tiefen Unter-Kreide Portugals.(Pinheirodontidae n. fam. (Multituberculata) (Mammalia) from the deepest Lower Cretaceous of Portugal). Palaeontographica Abt. A Vol. 253, pp. 77–222. Multituberculates Early Cretaceous mammals of Europe Fossils of Portugal Prehistoric mammal genera Fossil taxa described in 1999", "title": "Pinheirodon" }, { "docid": "2554732", "text": "Venomous mammals are animals of the class Mammalia that produce venom, which they use to kill or disable prey, to defend themselves from predators or conspecifics or in agonistic encounters. Mammalian venoms form a heterogeneous group with different compositions and modes of action, from four orders of mammals: Eulipotyphla, Monotremata, Primates, and Chiroptera. To explain the rarity of venom delivery in Mammalia, Mark Dufton of the University of Strathclyde has suggested that modern mammalian predators do not need venom because they are able to kill quickly with their teeth or claws, whereas venom, no matter how sophisticated, requires time to disable prey. In spite of the rarity of venom among extant mammals, venom may be an ancestral feature among mammals, as venomous spurs akin to those of the modern platypus are found in most non-therian Mammaliaformes groups. Venom is much more common among other vertebrates; there are many more species of venomous reptiles (e.g. venomous snakes) and fish (e.g. stonefish). Some birds are poisonous to eat or touch (e.g. hooded pitohui) though no bird species is known to be venomous. There are only a few species of venomous amphibians; certain salamandrid salamanders can extrude sharp venom-tipped ribs. Definitions Several definitions of venomous animals have been proposed. Bücherl states that venomous animals must possess at least one venom gland, a mechanism for excretion or extrusion of the venom, and apparatus with which to inflict wounds. Mebs writes that venomous animals produce venom in a group of cells or gland, and have a tool, the venom apparatus, which delivers the venom by injection during a bite or sting. The venom apparatus in this definition encompasses both the gland and the injection device, which must be directly connected. Fry et al. found that a venom is a secretion produced in a specialized gland in one animal and delivered to a target animal through the infliction of a wound. This secretion must contain molecules that disrupt normal physiological processes so as to facilitate feeding or defense by the producing animal. Additionally, the feeding secretion of hematophagous specialists (e.g. vampire bats) may be regarded as a specialized subtype of venom. Evolutionary history and paleontology Venomous mammals may have been more common in the past. Extratarsal spurs observed in extinct Mesozoic mammals are homologous with those seen in extant monotremes, and this feature was widespread. Whether or not these extratarsal spurs served as a venom delivery system is up for debate. While species such as Gobiconodon and Zhangeotherium possessed an extratarsal spur, they are hypothesized to be nonvenomous due to the lack of the spur being hollow or channeled, as seen in modern venomous Ornithorhyncus. Whether or not the lack of venom is due to the loss of a basal trait is difficult to determine with current fossil records. In 2005, Fox and Scott presented evidence of a venom delivery system in late Paleocene fossils found in Alberta. Bisonalveus browni was a small eutherian in the order Cimolesta. Fox and Scott argue that the anterior grooves", "title": "Venomous mammal" }, { "docid": "70781047", "text": "Ancylocoelus is an extinct genus of mammal, belonging to the order Notoungulata. It lived during the Late Oligocene, in what is today Argentina, in South America. Description This genus is only known from cranial remains, but comparison with some of its better-known relatives such as Leontinia indicates that it was an heavily shaped animal, vaguely similar to an hornless, smaller and slender rhinoceros. The skull was short and tall, with low-crowned (brachydont) premolars and molars. Ancylocoelus was approximately 1.70 meters long and 70 centimeters high at the withers. Compared to other, more basal forms, Ancylocoelus lacked both its upper and lower canines, and its first lower premolar. Classification Ancylocoelus was first described in 1894 by Florentino Ameghino, based on fossil remains found in Argentina. The type species is Ancylocoelus frequens. A few years later Ameghino described two other species, A. lentus and A. minor. Ancylocoelus was a member of the family Leontiniidae, a group of Notoungulates with heavy shapes, typical of the South American Oligocene. It was closely related to Leontina and Scarrittia. Bibliography F. Ameghino. 1894. Sur les oiseaux fossiles de Patagonie; et la faune mammalogique des couches à Pyrotherium. Boletin del Instituto Geographico Argentino 15:501-660 F. Ameghino. 1897. Mamiferos Cretaceos de la Argentina. Segunda contribucion al conocimiento de la fauna mastologica de las capas con restos de Pyrotherium. Boletin Instituto Geografico Argentino 18:406-521 F. Ameghino. 1901. Notices préliminaires sur des ongulés nouveaux des terrains crétacés de Patagonie [Preliminary notes on new ungulates from the Cretaceous terrains of Patagonia]. Boletin de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias de Córdoba 16:349-429 B. J. Shockey. 2005. New leontinidids (Class Mammalia, Order Notoungulata, Family Leontiniidae) from the Salla beds of Bolivia (Deseadan, Late Oligocene). Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 45(4):249-260 A. M. Ribeiro, G. M. López, and M. Bond. 2010. The Leontiniidae (Mammalia, Notoungulata) from the Sarmiento Formation at Gran Barranca, Chubut Province, Argentina. In R. H. Madden, A. A. Carlini, M. G. Vucetich, R. F. Kay (eds.), The Paleontology of Gran Barranca: Evolution and Environmental Change through the Middle Cenozoic of Patagonia 170–181 Toxodonts Oligocene mammals of South America Paleogene Argentina Fossils of Argentina Fossil taxa described in 1894 Taxa named by Florentino Ameghino Prehistoric placental genera Golfo San Jorge Basin Sarmiento Formation", "title": "Ancylocoelus" }, { "docid": "515358", "text": "Pelycosaur ( ) is an older term for basal or primitive Late Paleozoic synapsids, excluding the therapsids and their descendants. Previously, the term mammal-like reptile had been used, and pelycosaur was considered an order, but this is now thought to be incorrect, and seen as outdated. Because it excludes the advanced synapsid group Therapsida, the term is paraphyletic and contrary to modern formal naming practice. Thus the name pelycosaurs, similar to the term mammal-like reptiles, had fallen out of favor among scientists by the 21st century, and is only used informally, if at all, in the modern scientific literature. The terms stem mammals, protomammals, and basal or primitive synapsids are instead used where needed. Etymology The modern word was created from Greek meaning 'basin' and meaning 'lizard'. The term pelycosaur has been fairly well abandoned by paleontologists because it no longer matches the features that distinguish a clade. Pelycosauria is a paraphyletic taxon because it excludes the therapsids. For that reason, the term is sometimes avoided by proponents of a strict cladistic approach. Eupelycosauria is used to designate the clade that includes most pelycosaurs, along with the Therapsida and Mammalia. In contrast to \"pelycosaurs\", Eupelycosauria is a proper monophyletic group. Caseasauria is a pelycosaur side-branch, or clade, that did not leave any descendants. Evolutionary history The pelycosaurs appear to have been a group of synapsids that have direct ancestral links with the mammals, having differentiated teeth and a developing hard palate. The pelycosaurs appeared during the Late Carboniferous and reached their apex in the early part of the Permian, remaining the dominant land animals for some 40 million years. A few continued into the Capitanian, but they experienced a sharp decline in diversity in the late Kungurian. They were succeeded by the therapsids. Description Some species were quite large, growing to a length of or more, although most species were much smaller. Well-known pelycosaurs include the genera Dimetrodon, Sphenacodon, Edaphosaurus, and Ophiacodon. Pelycosaur fossils have been found mainly in Europe and North America, although some small, late-surviving forms are known from Russia and South Africa. Unlike lepidosaurian reptiles, pelycosaurs lacked reptilian epidermal scales. Fossil evidence from some varanopids shows that parts of the skin were covered in rows of osteoderms, presumably overlain by horny scutes. The belly was covered in rectangular scutes, looking like those present in crocodiles. Parts of the skin not covered in scutes might have had naked, glandular skin like that found in some mammals. Dermal scutes are also found in a diverse number of extant mammals with conservative body types, such as in the tails of some rodents, sengis, moonrats, the opossums and other marsupials, and as regular dermal armour with underlying bone in the armadillo. At least two pelycosaur clades independently evolved a tall sail, consisting of elongated vertebral spines: the edaphosaurids and the sphenacodontids. In life, this would have been covered by skin, and likely functioned as a thermoregulatory device or as a mating display. Taxonomy In phylogenetic nomenclature, \"Pelycosauria\" is not used formally,", "title": "Pelycosaur" }, { "docid": "981749", "text": "Richard Lydekker (; 25 July 1849 – 16 April 1915) was an English naturalist, geologist and writer of numerous books on natural history. Biography Richard Lydekker was born at Tavistock Square in London. His father was Gerard Wolfe Lydekker, a barrister-at-law with Dutch ancestry. The family moved to Harpenden Lodge soon after Richard's birth. He was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he took a first-class in the Natural Science tripos (1872). In 1874 he joined the Geological Survey of India and made studies of the vertebrate palaeontology of northern India (especially Kashmir). He remained in this post until the death of his father in 1881. His main work in India was on the Siwalik palaeofauna; it was published in Palaeontologia Indica. He was responsible for the cataloguing of the fossil mammals, reptiles, and birds in the Natural History Museum (10 vols., 1891). He named a variety of taxa including the golden-bellied mangabey; as a taxon authority he is named simply as \"Lydekker\". Biogeography He was influential in the science of biogeography. In 1896 he delineated the biogeographical boundary through Indonesia, known as Lydekker's Line, that separates Wallacea on the west from Australia-New Guinea on the east. It follows the edge of the Sahul Shelf, an area from New Guinea to Australia of shallow water with the Aru Islands on its edge. Along with Wallace's Line and others, it indicates the definite effect of geology on the biogeography of the region, something not seen so clearly in other parts of the world. First cuckoo Lydekker attracted amused public attention with a pair of letters to The Times in 1913, when he wrote on 6 February that he had heard a cuckoo, contrary to Yarrell's History of British Birds which doubted the bird arrived before April. Six days later on 12 February 1913, he wrote again, confessing that \"the note was uttered by a bricklayer's labourer\". Letters about the first cuckoo became a tradition in the newspaper. Awards He received the Lyell Medal from the Geological Society of London in 1902. Works Catalogue of the Fossil Mammalia in the British Museum (Natural History), 5 vols. (1885–1887) Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum (Natural History), 4 vols. (1889) A Manual of Palaeontology (with Henry Alleyne Nicholson, 2 vols., 1889) Catalogue of the Fossil Birds in the British Museum (Natural History) (1891) Phases of Animal Life (1892) The Royal Natural History (with W. H. Flower), 6 vols., 12 sec. (1893–1896) A Hand-book to the Marsupialia and Monotremata (1894) Life and Rock: A Collection of Zooogical and Geological Essays (1894) A Geographical History of Mammals (1896) A Hand-book to the British Mammalia (1896) A Handbook to the Carnivora : part 1 : cats, civets, and mongooses (1896) The Deer of all Lands : A history of the family Cervidae, living and extinct (1898) Wild Oxen, Sheep & Goats of all Lands, Living and Extinct (1898) The Wild Animals of India, Burma, Malaya, and Tibet (1900) The great and small", "title": "Richard Lydekker" }, { "docid": "2341178", "text": "Hadrocodium wui is an extinct mammaliaform that lived during the Sinemurian stage of the Early Jurassic approximately in the Lufeng Formation in what is now the Yunnan province in south-western China (, paleocoordinates ). It is considered as the closest relative of the class Mammalia. The fossil of this mouse-like, paper-clip sized animal was discovered in 1985 but was then interpreted as a juvenile morganucodontid. Hadrocodium remained undescribed until 2001; since then its large brain and advanced ear structure have greatly influenced the interpretation of the earliest stages of mammalian evolution, as these mammalian characters could previously be traced only to some . Hadrocodium is known only from a skull long, and its body would have measured long in total and weighed up to , making it one of the smallest Mesozoic mammaliaforms. The specimen is thought to have been that of a mature adult. The name Hadrocodium alludes to its large cranial cavity, deriving from the Greek word ( 'large, heavy, fullness') and the Latin word , from Greek ( 'head [of a plant]'). The species name, wui, is the Latinized version of discoverer Xiao-Chun Wu's name. While initially suggested to have possessed a fully mammalian ear akin to those of modern mammals, a 2022 restudy suggested that it actually had a primitive mandibular middle ear similar to those of other primitive mammaliaforms. Phylogeny Phylogeny See also Smallest organisms Evolution of mammalian auditory ossicles References Bibliography (Supporting online material) External links — 3D models from CT scans of the original fossil Palaeocritti - a guide to prehistoric animals Mammaliaformes Sinemurian life Jurassic animals of Asia Jurassic China Fossils of China Paleontology in Yunnan Fossil taxa described in 2001 Taxa named by Zhe-Xi Luo Taxa named by Alfred W. Crompton Taxa named by Ai-Lin Sun", "title": "Hadrocodium" }, { "docid": "4490078", "text": "This list of South American animals extinct in the Holocene features animals known to have become extinct in the last 12,000 years on the South American continent. The list includes animal extinctions in the Galápagos, Falklands, and other islands near the continent, but not Easter Island (politically part of Chile) which is considered in the List of Oceanian animals extinct in the Holocene, nor Caribbean islands which are on the List of Antillian and Bermudan animals extinct in the Holocene. Many extinction dates are unknown due to a lack of relevant information. Mammals (class Mammalia) Possible N.B.: These animals were identified \"from Late Pleistocene to Early Holocene\" deposits in BrazilGhilardi, A. M., Fernandes, M. A., & Bichuette, M. E. (2011). \"Megafauna from the Late Pleistocene-Holocene deposits of the Upper Ribeira karst area, southeast Brazil\". Quaternary International, 245 (2), 369-378. and Argentina, but without direct Holocene datation. Prehistoric Recent Birds (class Aves) <br/ > Reptiles (class Reptilia) Turtles and tortoises (order Testudines) Big-headed turtles (family Podocnemididae) Tortoises (family Testudinidae) Amphibians (class Amphibia) Frogs (order Anura) True toads (family Bufonidae) Possibly extinct Tree frogs and allies (family Hylidae) Darwin's frogs (family Rhinodermatidae) Possibly extinct Rain frogs (family Strabomantidae) Possibly extinct Ray-finned fish (class Actinopterygii) Catfishes (order Siluriformes) Pencil catfishes (family Trichomycteridae) Possibly extinct Toothcarps (order Cyprinodontiformes) Pupfishes (family Cyprinodontidae) Possibly extinct Ovalentaria incertae sedis Family Pomacentridae Possibly extinct Starfishes (class Asteroidea) Order Forcipulatida Family Heliasteridae Possibly extinct Insects (class Insecta) Beetles (order Coleoptera) Predaceous diving beetles (family Dytiscidae) Arachnids (class Arachnida) Order Mesostigmata Family Halarachnidae Clitellates (class Clitellata) Slugs and snails (class Gastropoda) <br/ > See also List of North American animals extinct in the Holocene Lists of extinct species List of extinct bird species since 1500 Extinct in the wild Lazarus taxon Notes References External links The Extinction Website IUCN Red List of Threatened Species SA South America Extinct animals †Holocene", "title": "List of South American animals extinct in the Holocene" }, { "docid": "28292088", "text": "The 10th edition of Systema Naturae (Latin; the English title is A General System of Nature) is a book written by Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus and published in two volumes in 1758 and 1759, which marks the starting point of zoological nomenclature. In it, Linnaeus introduced binomial nomenclature for animals, something he had already done for plants in his 1753 publication of Species Plantarum. Starting point Before 1758, most biological catalogues had used polynomial names for the taxa included, including earlier editions of Systema Naturae. The first work to consistently apply binomial nomenclature across the animal kingdom was the 10th edition of Systema Naturae. The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature therefore chose 1 January 1758 as the \"starting point\" for zoological nomenclature, and asserted that the 10th edition of Systema Naturae was to be treated as if published on that date. Names published before that date are unavailable, even if they would otherwise satisfy the rules. The only work which takes priority over the 10th edition is Carl Alexander Clerck's or , which was published in 1757, but is also to be treated as if published on January 1, 1758. Revisions During Linnaeus' lifetime, Systema Naturae was under continuous revision. Progress was incorporated into new and ever-expanding editions; for example, in his 1st edition (1735), whales and manatees were originally classified as species of fish (as was thought to be the case then). In the 10th edition, they were both moved into the mammal class. Animals The animal kingdom (as described by Linnaeus): \"Animals enjoy sensation by means of a living organization, animated by a medullary substance; perception by nerves; and motion by the exertion of the will. They have members for the different purposes of life; organs for their different senses; and faculties (or powers) for the application of their different perceptions. They all originate from an egg. Their external and internal structure; their comparative anatomy, habits, instincts, and various relations to each other, are detailed in authors who professedly treat on their subjects.\" The list has been broken down into the original six classes Linnaeus described for animals; Mammalia, Aves, Amphibia, Pisces, Insecta, and Vermes. These classes were ultimately created by studying the internal anatomy, as seen in his key: Heart with two auricles, two ventricles. Warm, red blood Viviparous: Mammalia Oviparous: Aves Heart with one auricle, one ventricle. Cold, red blood Lungs voluntary: Amphibia External gills: Pisces Heart with one auricle, no ventricles. Cold, pus-like blood Have antennae: Insecta Have tentacles: Vermes By current standards Pisces and Vermes are informal groupings, Insecta also contained arachnids and crustaceans, and one order of Amphibia comprised sharks, lampreys, and sturgeons. Mammalia Linnaeus described mammals as: \"Animals that suckle their young by means of lactiferous teats. In external and internal structure they resemble man: most of them are quadrupeds; and with man, their natural enemy, inhabit the surface of the Earth. The largest, though fewest in number, inhabit the ocean.\" Linnaeus divided the mammals based upon the number, situation, and structure", "title": "10th edition of Systema Naturae" }, { "docid": "17786602", "text": "Myrmecophagy is a feeding behavior defined by the consumption of termites or ants, particularly as pertaining to those animal species whose diets are largely or exclusively composed of said insect types. Literally, myrmecophagy means \"ant-eating\" (Ancient Greek: , \"ants\" and , \"to eat\") rather than \"termite eating\" (for which the strict term is termitophagy). The two habits often overlap, as both of these eusocial insect types often live in large, densely populated nests requiring similar adaptations in the animal species that exploit them. Vertebrates Myrmecophagy is found in several land-dwelling vertebrate taxa, including reptiles and amphibians (horned lizards and blind snakes, narrow-mouthed toads of the family Microhylidae and poison frogs of the Dendrobatidae), a number of New World bird species (Antbirds, Antthrushes, Antpittas, flicker of genus Colaptes), and multiple mammalian groups including anteaters, aardvarks, aardwolves, armadillos, echidnas, numbats, pangolins, and sloth bears. The extinct alvarezsaurids, a group of theropod dinosaurs from the Cretaceous period, have been interpreted as myrmecophagous, with their short, robustly built arms with a single claw being interpreted as being used to break into colonial insect nests. Mammals that specialize in myrmecophagy often display similar adaptations for this niche. Many have powerful forelimbs and claws adapted to excavating the nests of ant or termite colonies from the earth or from wood or under bark. Most have reduced teeth and some have reduced jaws as well. Many have low basal body temperatures resulting from the low caloric content of ants and termites, and most have advanced olfaction to help them find prey. Practically all have long, sticky tongues. In the nineteenth and early twentieth century many zoologists saw these shared features as evidence of relatedness, and accordingly they regarded the various species as a single order of Mammalia, the Edentata. It quite early became clear that such a classification was hard to sustain, and there was a growing trend to see the features as examples of convergent evolution. For example, at the start of the 20th century Frank Evers Beddard, writing in The Cambridge Natural History, Vol 10, Mammalia, having discussed some discrepant features, said: \"The fact is, that we have here a polymorphic order which contains in all probability representatives of at least two separate orders. We have at present a very few, and these perhaps highly modified, descendants of a large and diverse group of mammals.\" As genome sequences for various former members of Edentata have been published, all genetic evidence has confirmed that its members are taxonomically distant. Invertebrates Ants are dangerous, small, and rich in distasteful and harmful compounds, making them difficult prey and favouring ant mimicry for defence among invertebrates. Ants are plentiful, so members of several invertebrate taxa do feed on ants. Such ant predators include some spiders, such as species in the family Salticidae (jumping spiders), spiders in the family Oecobiidae and the family Theridiidae. While exclusive myrmecophagy is not very common, there are some striking examples, such as the Australian ant-slayer spider Euryopis umbilicata that feeds almost exclusively on one", "title": "Myrmecophagy" }, { "docid": "70780954", "text": "Anayatherium is an extinct genus of notoungulate belonging to the family Leontiniidae. It lived during the Late Oligocene, and its fossilized remains were discovered in South America. Description It was a large-sized and heavy-shaped animal, that could reach the size of a cow. It may have reached a length of 2.5 meters ; its skull was 45 centimeters long, and its weight may have exceeded 350 kilograms. Anayatherium was characterized by a very short muzzle, compared to other leontiniids. The shortening of the muzzle was reflected in the dentition by the loss of one of the upper teeth, probably a canine. The first upper incisor was larger than the second, as in Scarrittia, while the third and fourth premolars had vertical lingual grooves, as in Leontinia. The second upper incisor was of a typical shape, unlike Leontinia in which it had instead the shape of a canine ; in Anayatherium, the first incisor took the place of the canine. Unlike Scarrittia, the premolars had grooved protocones. The molars were low-crowned (brachydont), and only slightly high-crowned (hypsodont) on the lingual side. Classification The genus Anayatherium was first described in 2015 by Shockey, based on fossils found in the Salla Formation of Bolivia, in terrains dated from the Late Oligocene. Two species were attributed to the genus, A. ekecoa, the type species, and A. fortis, mainly distinguished by their respective sizes. Anayatherium was a leontiniid, a family of notoungulates typical of the Oligocene and Miocene, with heavy and large bodies. Anayatherium seems to have belonged to a clade including Colpodon, Ancylocoelus, and the two derived genera Leontinia and Scarrittia. Paleoecology Like all leontiniids, Anayatherium was a heavy quadrupedal folivore. Fossils of Anayatherium are unusually rare for a leontiniid ; leontiniids were usually common animals in their habitats. It is possible that the Salla Formation may not have been particularly suited environment for leontiniids during the Late Oligocene. Bibliography B. J. Shockey. 2005. New leontinidids (Class Mammalia, Order Notoungulata, Family Leontiniidae) from the Salla beds of Bolivia (Deseadan, Late Oligocene). Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 45(4):249-260 B. J. Shockey, J. J. Flynn, D. A. Croft, P. Gans, and A. R. Wyss. 2012. New leontiniid Notoungulata (Mammalia) from Chile and Argentina: comparative anatomy, character analysis, and phylogenetic hypotheses. American Museum Novitates 3737:1-64 Toxodonts Oligocene mammals of South America Paleogene Bolivia Fossils of Bolivia Fossil taxa described in 2005 Prehistoric placental genera", "title": "Anayatherium" }, { "docid": "67171", "text": "Placental mammals (infraclass Placentalia ) are one of the three extant subdivisions of the class Mammalia, the other two being Monotremata and Marsupialia. Placentalia contains the vast majority of extant mammals, which are partly distinguished from monotremes and marsupials in that the fetus is carried in the uterus of its mother to a relatively late stage of development. The name is something of a misnomer considering that marsupials also nourish their fetuses via a placenta, though for a relatively briefer period, giving birth to less developed young which are then nurtured for a period inside the mother's pouch. Placentalia represents the only living group within Eutheria, which contains all mammals more closely related to placentals than to marsupials. Anatomical features Placental mammals are anatomically distinguished from other mammals by: a sufficiently wide opening at the bottom of the pelvis to allow the birth of a large baby relative to the size of the mother. the absence of epipubic bones extending forward from the pelvis, which are found in all other mammals. (Their function in non-placental mammals is to stiffen the body during locomotion, but in placentals they would inhibit the expansion of the abdomen during pregnancy.) the rearmost bones of the foot fit into a socket formed by the ends of the tibia and fibula, forming a complete mortise and tenon upper ankle joint. the presence of a malleolus at the bottom of the fibula. Subdivisions Analysis of molecular data led to rapid changes in assessments of the phylogeny of placental orders at the close of the 20th century. A novel phylogeny and classification of placental orders appeared with Waddell, Hasegawa and Okada in 1999. \"Jumping genes\"-type retroposon presence/absence patterns have provided corroboration of phylogenetic relationships inferred from molecular sequences. It is now widely accepted that there are three major subdivisions or lineages of placental mammals: Boreoeutheria, Xenarthra, and Afrotheria. All of these diverged from common ancestors. 2022 studies of Bertrand, O. C. and Sarah L. Shelley have identified palaeoryctids and taeniodonts as basal placental mammal clades. The living orders of placental mammals in the three groups are: Magnorder Atlantogenata (armadillos, sloths, anteaters, aardvarks, elephant shrews, golden moles, otter shrews, tenrecs, hyraxes, elephants, and sirenians) Superorder Xenarthra (armadillos, sloths, and anteaters) Order Cingulata (armadillos) Order Pilosa (sloths and anteaters) Superorder Afrotheria (aardvarks, elephant shrews, tenrecs, otter shrews, golden moles, hyraxes, elephants, manatees, and dugongs) Grandorder Afroinsectiphilia Order Tubulidentata (aardvarks) Mirorder Afroinsectivora (elephant shrews, golden moles, otter shrews, and tenrecs) Order Afrosoricida (tenrecs, otter shrews, and golden moles) Order Macroscelidea (elephant shrews) Grandorder Paenungulata Order Hyracoidea (hyraxes) Mirorder Tethytheria (elephants, dugongs, and manatees) Order Proboscidea (elephants) Order Sirenia (dugongs and manatees) Magnorder Boreoeutheria Superorder Euarchontoglires (treeshrews, colugos, primates, rabbits, hares, and rodents) Grandorder Gliriformes Mirorder Glires Order Lagomorpha (rabbits, hares, and pikas) Order Rodentia (rodents: mice, rats, voles, squirrels, beavers, etc.) Grandorder Euarchonta Order Scandentia (treeshrews) Mirorder Primatomorpha Order Dermoptera (colugos) Order Primates (primates: monkeys, apes (including humans), lemurs, lorises, etc.) Superorder Laurasiatheria (hedgehogs, shrews, moles, whales, bats, dogs, cats, seals,", "title": "Placentalia" }, { "docid": "40183493", "text": "Arboroharamiya is an extinct genus of early mammal (or possibly a non-mammalian mammaliaform) from the Middle Jurassic Tiaojishan Formation of Inner Mongolia, China. Arboroharamiya belongs to a group of mammaliaforms called Haramiyida. The type species Arboroharamiya jenkinsi was described in the journal Nature in 2013 alongside a description of the closely related haramiyidan Megaconus. Unlike Megaconus, which is thought to have been ground-dwelling, Arboroharamiya was arboreal. It has a long tail that might have been prehensile, and very long fingers. Based on the shape of its teeth, Arboroharamiya might have been an omnivore or a seed eater. Recent interpretations of its specimen suggest that it possessed patagia and was a glider. When Arboroharamiya was included in a phylogenetic analysis of early mammals and mammaliaforms, Haramiyida was found to be a group within Mammalia, the true mammals. However, Megaconus was included in a different phylogenetic analysis, and that analysis placed Haramiyida outside Mammalia as a more basal (\"primitive\") group of mammaliaforms. The classification of Arboroharamiya and other haramiyidans as true mammals fits with what most previous studies have found, but since Arboroharamiya and Megaconus were not included in the same phylogenetic analysis, their position within Mammaliaformes remains uncertain. Description Arboroharamiya is the largest known haramiyidan, estimated to have weighed about 354 g. It has several features in common with living mammals, including a lower jaw formed by a single bone, the dentary, and hands and feet that each have four fingers with three bones each and one finger with two bones. Arboroharamiya is unlike any modern mammal in having a lower jaw that can move up, down, and backward, but not forward. It has a rodent-like dentition with enlarged incisors and molars and no canines. A rodent-like dentition is also seen in Multituberculata, an early group of mammals that might be closely related to Arboroharamiya, but it probably evolved independently in Arboroharamiya. Relationships Arboroharamiya belongs to a clade or evolutionary grouping called Mammaliaformes, which includes mammals and their closest extinct relatives from the Triassic and Jurassic periods. Within Mammaliaformes, Arboroharamiya falls within the clade Haramiyida. Haramiyidans have been known since the 1840s, but only from fossilized teeth and a single partial lower jaw. However, several features of the teeth have shown for many years that haramiyidans are among the most basal of mammaliaforms. Recent phylogenetic analyses, or analyses of evolutionary relationships, differ on whether or not haramiyidans are true mammals in the crown group Mammalia (the clade including the most recent common ancestor of living mammals, and all its descendants). Some analyses place Haramiyida outside crown group Mammalia, meaning that they diverged from other mammaliaforms before the most recent common ancestor of living mammals appeared. Other analyses place Haramiyida within Mammalia as part of an extinct group of Mesozoic mammals called Allotheria, which also includes Multituberculata. When Arboroharamiya itself was incorporated into a phylogenetic analysis, Haramiyida fell within Allotheria as a group within Mammalia. Below is a cladogram or evolutionary tree from the analysis: References Fossil taxa described in 2013 Middle", "title": "Arboroharamiya" }, { "docid": "2344869", "text": "In his Systema Naturae of 1758, Carl Linnaeus divided the Order Primates within Mammalia into four genera: Homo, Simia, Lemur, and Vespertilio. His Vespertilio included all bats, and has since been moved from Primates to Chiroptera. Homo contained humans, Lemur contained four lemurs and a colugo, and Simia contained the other Primates. Linnaeus did not think that Homo should form a distinct group from Simia, classifying them separately mainly to avoid conflict with religious authorities. If this is taken into account, Simia (including Homo) would be roughly equivalent to the Suborder Haplorhini of the Primates (while Lemur would be roughly equivalent to the Suborder Strepsirrhini). Homo, Lemur, and Vespertilio have survived as generic names, but Simia has not. All the species have since been moved to other genera, and in 1929, the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature ruled in its Opinion 114 that Simia be suppressed. The genus Simias is distinct and remains valid, containing a single species, the pig-tailed langur (Simias concolor). The original genus Simia came to include these species: See also Mammalia in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae References External links Disposition of Primate Names Used by Linnaeus Obsolete primate taxa Primate genera Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus Haplorhini", "title": "Simia" }, { "docid": "28618229", "text": "The Mammalia in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae forms one of six classes of animals in Carl Linnaeus's tenth reformed edition written in Latin. The following explanations are based on William Turton's translations who rearranged and corrected earlier editions published by Johann Friedrich Gmelin, Johan Christian Fabricius and Carl Ludwig Willdenow: <blockquote>Animals that suckle their young by means of lactiferous teats. In external and internal structure they resemble man: most of them are quadrupeds; and with man, their natural enemy, inhabit the surface of the Earth. The largest, though fewest in number, inhabit the ocean.</blockquote> Linnaeus divided the mammals based on the number, situation, and structure of their teeth; mammals have the following characteristics: Heart: two auricles, 2 ventricles. Warm, dark red blood; Lungs: respires alternately; Jaw: incombent, covered. Teeth usually within jaw; Teats: lactiferous; Organs of sense: tongue, nostrils, eyes, ears, and papillae of the skin; Covering: hair, which is scanty in warm climates, hardly any on aquatics; Supports: four feet, except in aquatics; and in most a tail. Walks on the Earth and speaks. Oldfield Thomas scrutinized Linnaeus's chapter on mammals in 1911 and attempted to find missing type species and type localities. Primates Primates have four cutting upper parallel fore-teeth, except in some bat species which have two or none; solitary tusks in each jaw, one on each side; two pectoral teats; two feet and hands; flattened, oval nails; and they eat fruits.HomoHomo sapiensHomo americanusHomo europaeusHomo asiaticusHomo aferHomo monstrosusHomo troglodytes – partly based on myth, partly on orangutansSimiaSimia satyrus – common chimpanzee and Bornean orangutanSimia sylvanus – Barbary macaqueSimia sphinx – mandrillSimia apedia – nomen dubiumSimia silenus – lion-tailed macaqueSimia faunus – species cannot be determinedSimia paniscus – red-faced spider monkeySimia diana – Diana monkeySimia cephus – moustached guenonSimia aygula – nomen oblitum for the crab-eating macaqueSimia hamadryas – hamadryas baboonSimia jacchus – common marmosetSimia oedipus – cottontop tamarinSimia aethiops – grivetSimia midas – red-handed tamarinSimia cynamolgos – possibly crab-eating macaqueSimia apella – tufted capuchinSimia morta – nomen dubiumSimia capucina – white-headed capuchinSimia sciurea – common squirrel monkeySimia syrichta – Philippine tarsierLemurLemur tardigradus – red slender lorisLemur catta – ring-tailed lemurLemur volans – Philippine flying lemurVespertilioVespertilio vampyrus – large flying foxVespertilio spectrum – spectral vampire batVespertilio perspicillatus – Seba's short-tailed batVespertilio spasma – lesser false vampire batVespertilio leporinus – greater bulldog batVespertilio auritus – brown long-eared batVespertilio murinus – parti-coloured bat Bruta Bruta do not have fore-teeth, but tusks, feet with strong hoof-like nails; move slowly and eat mostly masticated vegetables.ElephasElephas maximus – Asian elephantTrichechusTrichechus manatus – West Indian manateeBradypusBradypus tridactylus – pale-throated slothBradypus didactylus – Linnaeus's two-toed slothMyrmecophagaMyrmecophaga didactyla – silky anteaterMyrmecophaga tridactyla – giant anteaterMyrmecophaga tetradactyla – southern tamanduaManisManis pentadactyla – Chinese pangolin Ferae Ferae usually have six conic fore-teeth in each jaw, longer tusks, grinders with conic projections, feet with subulate claws, and feed on carcasses and prey on other animals.PhocaPhoca ursina – northern fur sealPhoca leonina – southern elephant sealPhoca rosmarus – walrusPhoca vitulina – harbour sealCanisCanis familiaris – domestic dogCanis lupus", "title": "Mammalia in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae" }, { "docid": "22197916", "text": "The Havana is a breed of rabbit that first appeared in the Netherlands in 1898. The breed is ancestral to several others, including the Fee de Marbourg, Perlefee and Gris Perle de Hal. Havanas are recognized by the American Rabbit Breeders Association in five color types: chocolate, lilac, black, blue, and broken. Their average weight is between and . Scientific Information The Havana Rabbit belongs to: Domain: Eukarya- Kingdom: Animalia- Phylum: Mammalia- Class: Mammalia- Order: Lagomorpha- Family: Leporidae- Genus: Oryctolagus- Species: Oryctolagus Cuniculus- See also List of rabbit breeds References External links Havana Rabbit Breed History Breeds of Rabbits Rabbits as pets Rabbit breeds Rabbit breeds originating in the Netherlands", "title": "Havana rabbit" }, { "docid": "69536365", "text": "C4orf19 (Chromosome 4 open reading frame 19) is a protein which in humans is encoded by the C4orf19 gene. Gene The C4orf19 gene is located at 4p14 on the plus strand of chromosome 4 and spans 170.04 kb and contains 7 exons. The genetic neighborhood of C4orf19 includes LOC101928721, LOC105374402, MIR4801, and NWD2, all located upstream of C4orf19. RELL1 is located downstream of C4orf19. mRNA There are four known transcript variants that encode isoforms known as transcript variant 1, transcript variant 2, X1, and X2. Protein C4orf19 encodes a protein with 314 amino acids and a molecular weight of 33.7 kDa. The theoretical isoelectric point of C4orf19 is 4.4. Domains and motifs In humans, the C4orf19 protein contains one domain of unknown function, DUF4699. In eukaryotes the DUF4699 family of proteins are typically between 303 and 319 amino acids in length. DUF4699 spans from amino acid 9 to amino acid 314 in C4orf19. Amongst orthologous proteins, the N-terminus and C-terminus of C4orf19 are most highly conserved. Secondary structure Alpha helices are predicted near the N-terminus and C-terminus of C4orf19 in areas that are conserved amongst orthologous proteins. Post-translational modifications C4orf19 is predicted to undergo several post-translation modifications, including phosphorylation, glycosylation, and SUMOylation. Subcellular localization C4orf19 is predicted to be to be localized in cellular junctions. Expression C4orf19 is highly expressed in tissues of the salivary gland, duodenum, small intestine, colon, rectum and kidney. The protein also shows medium levels of expression in tissues of the stomach. Interacting proteins Studies using yeast two-hybrid screening have experimentally determined interactions between C4orf19 and PDCD10. Homology Paralogs There are currently no known paralogs or paralogous domains for C4orf19. Orthologs Orthologs of C4orf19 have been found in mammals, birds, and reptiles. Within class Mammalia, orthologs have been identified in orders Primates, Rodentia, Artiodactyla, Chirpotera, Carnivora, Cingulata, and Diprotodontia. The Burmese python (Python bivittatus) and Eastern fence lizard (Sceloporus undulatus) contain the most distantly related orthologs of C4orf19. Both species diverged from humans an estimated 312 million years ago. C4orf19 orthologs have not yet been identified in bacteria, archaea, protists, plants, fungi, trichoplax, invertebrates, or bony and cartilaginous fish. The following table represents a selection of orthologs found using searches in BLAST. References", "title": "C4orf19" }, { "docid": "45364650", "text": "The taxonomy of the vertebrates presented by John Zachary Young in The Life of Vertebrates (1962) is a system of classification with emphasis on this group of animals. Phylum Chordata Phylum Chordata [p. 24] Subphylum 1. Hemichordata (e.g., Balanoglossus, Cephalodiscus, Rhabdopleura) Subphylum 2. Cephalochordata (= Acrania) (e.g., Branchiostoma) Subphylum 3. Tunicata (e.g., Ciona) Subphylum 4. Vertebrata (= Craniata) Superclass 1. Agnatha Class 1. Cyclostomata Class 2. †Cephalaspidomorphi (e.g., †Cephalaspis) Class 3. †Pteraspidomorphi (e.g., †Pteraspis) Class 4. †Anaspida (e.g., †Birkenia, †Jamoytius) Superclass 2. Gnathostomata Class 1. †Placodermi (e.g., †Acanthodes) Class 2. Elasmobranchii Class 3. Actinopterygii Class 4. Crossopterygii Class 5. Amphibia Class 6. Reptilia Class 7. Aves Class 8. Mammalia Subphylum Vertebrata (= Craniata) Superclass Agnatha Subphylum Vertebrata (= Craniata) Superclass 1. Agnatha [p. 81] Class 1. Cyclostomata Order 1. Petromyzontia (e.g., Petromyzon, Lampetra, Entosphenus, Geotria, Mordacia) Order 2. Myxinoidea (e.g., Myxine, Bdellostoma) Class 2. †Osteostraci (e.g., †Cephalaspis, †Tremataspis) Class 3. †Anaspida (e.g., †Birkenia, †Jamoytius) Class 4. †Heterostraci (e.g., †Astraspis, †Pteraspis, †Drepanaspis) Class 5. †Coelolepida (e.g., †Thelodus, †Lanarkia) Superclass Gnathostomata Class Elasmobranchii Superclass 2. Gnathostomata Class Elasmobranchii (= Chondrichthyes) [p. 175] Subclass 1. Selachii Order 1. †Cladoselachii (e.g., †Cladoselache, †Goodrichia) Order 2. †Pleuracanthodii (e.g., †Pleuracanthus) Order 3. Protoselachii (e.g., †Hybodiis, Heterodontus) Order 4. Euselachii Suborder 1. Pleurotremata Division 1. Notidanoidea (e.g., Hexanchus, Chlamydoselache) Division 2. Galeoidea (e.g., Scyliorhinus, Mustelus, Cetorhinus, Carcharodon) Division 3. Squaloidea (e.g., Squalus, Squatina, Pristiophorus, Alopias) Suborder 2. Hypotremata (e.g., Raja, Rhinobatis, Pristis, Torpedo, Trygon) Subclass 2. Bradyodonti Order 1. †Eubradyodonti (e.g., †Helodus) Order 2. Holocephali (e.g., Chimaera) Class Actinopterygii Class Actinopterygii [p. 228] Superorder 1. Chondrostei Order 1. Palaeoniscoidei (e.g., †Cheirolepis, †Palaeoniscus, †Amphicentrum, †Platysomus, †Dorypterus, †Cleithrolepis, †Tarrasius, Polypterus [bichir]) Order 2. Acipenseroidei (e.g., †Chondrosteus, Acipenser [sturgeon], Polyodon [paddle-fish]) Order 3. Subholostei (e.g., †Ptycholepis) Superorder 2. Holostei (e.g., †Acentrophorus, †Lepidotes, †Dapedius, †Microdon, Amia [bowfin], Lepisosteus [gar-pike]) Superorder 3. Teleostei Order 1. Isospondyli (e.g., †Leptolepis, †Portheus, Clupea [herring], Salmo [trout]) Order 2. Ostariophysi (e.g., Cyprinus [carp], Tinea [tench], Silurus [catfish]) Order 3. Apodes (e.g., Anguilla [eel], Conger [conger eel]) Order 4. Mesichthyes (e.g., Esox [pike], Belone, Exocoetus [flying fish], Gasterosteus [stickle-back], Syngnathus [pipe-fish], Hippocampus [seahorse]) Order 5. Acanthopterygii (e.g., †Hoplopteryx, Zens [John Dory], Perca [perch], Labrus [wrasse], Uranoscopus [star gazer], Blennius [blenny], Gadus [whiting], Pleuronectes [plaice], Solea [sole], Lophius [angler-fish]) Class Crossopterygii Class Crossopterygii [p. 268] Order 1. Rhipidistia Suborder 1. †Osteolepidoti (e.g., †Osteolepis, †Sauripterus, †Diplopterax, †Eusthenopteron) Suborder 2. Coelacanthini (= Actinistia) (e.g., †Coelacanthus, †Undina, Latimeria) Order 2. Dipnoi (e.g., †Dipterus, †Ceratodus, Neoceratodus, Protopterus, Lepidosiren) Class Amphibia Class Amphibia [p. 296] Subclass 1. †Stegocephalia Order 1. †Labyrinthodontia Suborder 1. †Ichthyostegalia (e.g., †Ichthyostega, †Elpistostege) Suborder 2. †Embolomeri (e.g., †Eogyrinus, †Loxomma) Suborder 3. †Rhachitomi (e.g., †Eryops, †Cacops) Suborder 4. †Stereospondyli (e.g., †Capitosaurus, †Buettneria) Order 2. †Phyllospondyli (e.g., †Branchiosaurus) Order 3. †Lepospondyli (e.g., †Dolichosoma, †Diplocaulus, †Microbrachis) Order 4. †Adelospondyli (e.g., †Lysorophus) Subclass 2. Urodela (= Caudata) (e.g., Molge, Salamandra, Ambystoma, Necturus) Subclass 3. Anura (= Salientia) (e.g., †Miobatrachus, †Protobatrachiis, Rana, Bufo, Hyla, Pipa) Subclass 4. Apoda (= Gymnophiona = Caecilia) (e.g., Ichthyophis, Typhlonectes) Class Reptilia Class Reptilia [p. 369] Subclass 1. Anapsida", "title": "Taxonomy of the vertebrates (Young, 1962)" }, { "docid": "70690863", "text": "Proticia is an extinct genus of mammals belonging to the order Pyrotheria. It lived during the Early Eocene, and its fossilized remains were discovered in South America. Description This animal is only known from a fragmentary mandible preserving several teeth, and it is therefore impossible to reconstruct its exact appearance. Proticia'''s teeth had a bunodont structure, and their characteristic were similar to its enigmatic relative Colombitherium; the molars and premolars, however, possessed more bulbous cusps and the lophids had disappeared. ClassificationProticia venezuelensis was first described in 1977 by Bryan Patterson, based on an incomplete mandible preserving the third premolar and the first molar. It is likely that Proticia was similar to Colombitherium, another enigmatic large mammal from the South American Eocene, probably more recent. Patterson found the remains of Proticia in the Lara State of Venezuela, in soils probably belonging to the upper part of the Trujillo Formation (Lower Eocene). It is unclear, however, whether the fossils of Proticia'' also date back to the Early Eocene. Bibliography B. Patterson. 1977. A primitive pyrothere (Mammalia, Notoungulata) from the early Tertiary of Northwestern Venezuela. Fieldiana Geology 33(22):397-422 Billet, G., Orliac, M., Antoine, P.-O., Jaramillo, C. A. 2010. New observations and reinterpretation on the enigmatic taxon Colombitherium (?Pyrotheria, Mammalia) from Colombia. Palaeontology, 53(2): 319-325. Meridiungulata Eocene mammals of South America Fossils of Venezuela Fossil taxa described in 1977 Prehistoric placental genera", "title": "Proticia" }, { "docid": "9615913", "text": "This is a list of the writings of Charles Darwin. Published works 1829–1832. [Records of captured insects, in] Stephens, J. F., Illustrations of British entomology 1835: Extracts from Letters to Henslow (Read at a meeting of the Cambridge Philosophical Society on 16 November 1835, with comments by John Stevens Henslow and Adam Sedgwick, and printed for private distribution dated 1 December 1835. Selected remarks had been read by Sedgwick to the Geological Society of London on 18 November 1835, and these were summarised in Proceedings of the Geological Society published in 1836. Further extracts were published in the Entomological Magazine and, with a review, in the Magazine of Natural History. A reprint was issued in 1960, again for private distribution.) 1836: A LETTER, Containing Remarks on the Moral State of TAHITI, NEW ZEALAND, &c. – BY CAPT. R. FITZROY AND C. DARWIN, ESQ. OF H.M.S. 'Beagle.''' 1838–1843: Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle: published between 1839 and 1843 in five Parts (and nineteen numbers) by various authors, edited and superintended by Charles Darwin, who contributed sections to two of the Parts: 1838: Part 1 No. 1 Fossil Mammalia, by Richard Owen (Preface and Geological introduction by Darwin) 1838: Part 2 No. 1 Mammalia, by George R. Waterhouse (Geographical introduction and A notice of their habits and ranges by Darwin) 1839: Questions About the Breeding of Animals 1839: Journal and Remarks (The Voyage of the Beagle) (Second edition:1845) 1842: The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs (Second edition:1874) 1844: Geological Observations on the Volcanic Islands visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle (Second edition:1876) 1846: Geological Observations on South America 1849: Geology from A Manual of scientific enquiry; prepared for the use of Her Majesty's Navy: and adapted for travellers in general., John F.W. Herschel ed. 1851: A Monograph of the Sub-class Cirripedia, with Figures of all the Species. The Lepadidae; or, Pedunculated Cirripedes. 1851: A Monograph on the Fossil Lepadidae, or, Pedunculated Cirripedes of Great Britain 1854: A Monograph of the Sub-class Cirripedia, with Figures of all the Species. The Balanidae (or Sessile Cirripedes); the Verrucidae, etc. 1854: A Monograph on the Fossil Balanidæ and Verrucidæ of Great Britain 1858: On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties; and on the Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of Selection (Extract from an unpublished Work on Species) 1859: On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Second edition:1860, Third edition: 1861, Fourth edition:1866, Fifth edition:1869, Sixth edition:1872) 1862: On the various contrivances by which British and foreign orchids are fertilised by insects (Second edition:1877) 1865: The Movements and Habits of Climbing Plants (Linnean Society paper, published in book form in 1875) (Illustrated by George Darwin 1868: The Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication (2 volumes) (Second edition:1875, edited by Francis Darwin in 1905) 1871: The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex (2 volumes) (Second edition:1874, assisted by George Darwin and Thomas", "title": "Charles Darwin bibliography" }, { "docid": "72289651", "text": "This is a list of the wild animal species that were reported in Egypt. Class: Mammalia (mammals) Order: Tubulidentata (aardvarks) Family: Orycteropodidae Genus: Orycteropus Aardvark (orycteropus afer) Order: Hyracoidea (hyraxes) Family: Procaviidae (hyraxes) Genus: Procavia Rock hyrax (procavia capensis) Order: Sirenia (manatees and dugongs) Family: Dugongidae Genus: Dugong Dugong (dugong dugon) Order: Rodentia (rodents) Family: Gliridae (dormice) Genus: Eliomys Asian garden dormouse (eliomys melanurus) Family: Dipodidae (jerboas) Genus: Allactaga Four-toed jerboa (allactaga tetradactyla) Genus: Jaculus Lesser Egyptian jerboa (jaculus jaculus) Greater Egyptian jerboa (jaculus orientalis) Family: Spalacidae Genus: Nannospalax Middle East blind mole-rat (nannospalax ehrenbergi) Family: Muridae (mice, rats, voles, gerbils, hamsters etc.) Genus: Acomys Cairo spiny mouse (acomys cahirinus) Golden spiny mouse (acomys russatus) Genus: Dipodillus North African gerbil (dipodillus campestris) Mackilligin's gerbil (dipodillus mackilligini) Genus: Gerbillus Pleasant gerbil (gerbillus amoenus) Anderson's gerbil (gerbillus andersoni) Flower's gerbil (gerbillus floweri) Lesser Egyptian gerbil (gerbillus gerbillus) Pygmy gerbil (gerbillus henleyi) Pale gerbil (gerbillus perpallidus) Greater Egyptian gerbil (gerbillus pyramidum) Lesser short-tailed gerbil (gerbillus simoni) Genus: Meriones Sundevall's jird (meriones crassus) Libyan jird (meriones lybicus) Shaw's jird (meriones shawi) Genus: Pachyuromys Fat-tailed gerbil (pachyuromys duprasi) Genus: Psammomys Fat sand rat (psammomys obesus) Genus: Sekeetamys Bushy-tailed jird (sekeetamys calurus) Genus: Arvicanthis African grass rat (arvicanthis niloticus) Genus: Nesokia Short-tailed bandicoot rat (nesokia indica) Order: Lagomporpha (lagomorphs) Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares) Genus: Lepus Cape hare (lepus capensis) Order: Erinaceomorpha (hedgehogs and gymnures) Family: Erinaceidae (hedgehogs) Genus: Hemiechinus Long-eared hedgehog (hemiechinus auritus) Genus: Paraechinus Desert hedgehog (paraechinus aethiopicus) Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles and solenodons) wild animals", "title": "List of wild animals of Egypt" }, { "docid": "50652615", "text": "Cladistic classification of Sarcopterygii is the classication of Sarcopterygii as a clade containing not only the lobe-finned fishes (coelacanths and lungfish) but also the tetrapods, which are closely related to lungfish. The taxon Sarcopterygii was traditionally classified as a paraphyletic group considered either a class or a subclass of Osteichthyes (bony fish). Identification of the group is based on several characteristics, such as the presence of fleshy, lobed, paired fins, which are joined to the body by a single bone. Taxonomic and fossil history The properties defining the sarcopterygians are in contrast to the other group of bony fish, the Actinopterygii, which have ray-fins made of bony rods, called lepidotrichia. These two bony fish groups were classified together as Osteichthyes at one time, the whole combined group was seen as parallel to the tetrapods (mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians). The extensive fossil record and numerous morphological and molecular studies have shown, however, that lungfish and some fossil lobe-finned fish (\"rhipidistians\") are more closely related to tetrapods than they are to coelacanths; as a result tetrapods are nested within Sarcopterygii. This abides to cladistics in that in order for a group to be valid, it must have an ancestral species and all descendants of that common ancestor based on shared characteristics. As such mammals, sauropsids (birds and \"reptiles\"), and amphibians are highly derived sarcopterygians despite superficially looking nothing like the standard lobe-finned fish anatomically speaking. However, similarities can be noticed in their limb bones and tooth enamel. Additionally, lungfish and tetrapods share a divided atrium. Classification Multiple Linnean classifications have been proposed with the explicit intent to incorporate Sarcopterygii as a monophyletic taxon instead of maintaining its traditional paraphyletic definition. Ahlberg (1991) Class Osteichthyes Subclass Actinopterygii Subclass Sarcopterygii Plesion Onychodontia Infraclass Actinistia Infraclass Rhipidistia Superdivision Tetrapodomorpha Plesion Rhizodontida Plesion Osteolepiformes Plesion Panderichthyidae Division Tetrapoda Superdivision Dipnomorpha Plesion Porolepiformes Plesion Powichthys Plesion Youngolepis Plesion Diabolepis Division Dipnoi Nelson et al. (2016) Class Osteichthyes Subclass Actinopterygii Subclass Sarcopterygii Infraclass Actinistia †Infraclass Onychodontida Infraclass Dipnomorpha †Infraclass Rhizodontida †Infraclass Osteolepidida †Infraclass Elpistostegalia Infraclass Tetrapoda Betancur-Rodrigues et al. (2017) Superclass Sarcopterygii Class Coelacanthimorpha Class Dipnotetrapodomorpha Subclass Dipnomorpha Subclass Tetrapodomorpha Other classifications do not use Sarcopterygii as a ranked taxon but still nonetheless still reject traditional paraphyletic assemblages. In the scheme below, sarcopterygian groups are marked in bold letters. Tedersoo (2017) Phylum Craniata Class Cyclostomi Class Chondrichthyes Class Cladistia Class Actinopteri Class unspecified Class Ceratodontimorpha Class Amphibia Class Mammalia Class Sphenodontea Class Squamatea Class Testudinea Class Crocodylea Class Aves See also Sarcopterygii Tetrapoda References Lobe-finned fish Fish classes", "title": "Cladistic classification of Sarcopterygii" }, { "docid": "12804349", "text": "Richard George Van Gelder (December 17, 1928 – February 23, 1994) was an American mammalogist who served as the Curator of Mammalogy for the American Museum of Natural History in New York for more than twenty-five years. Career Among his accomplishments at the Museum of Natural History was the 1969 redesign of the Hall of Ocean Life featuring the blue whale which still hangs in the center of the hall. Among his colleagues in the Mammal Department at the AMNH were Karl Koopman, Marie A. Lawrence, Guy Musser, and Sydney Anderson. In 1957, while on the Puritan Expedition to the Baja Peninsula, he discovered a new species of vesper bat commonly known as Van Gelder's Bat. His later research included the study of the nyala in Mozambique. He was a President of the American Society of Mammalogists from 1968 to 1970. He also served on the New Jersey Endangered and Non-Game Species Council in the 1980s. He was the author of a number of mammalogy books including Biology of Mammals and Mammals of the National Parks as well as a large range of mammal related children's books such as Bats, Animals in Winter, The Professor and the Mysterious Box, The Professor and the Vanishing Flags, Monkeys and Apes, and Whose Nose Is This? He died in 1994 of acute monocytic leukemia. Published works A Taxonomic Revision of the Spotted Skunks (genus Spilogale) (1959) New Antrozous (Mammalia, Vespertilionidae) from the Tres Marías Islands, Nayarit, Mexico - by Richard George Van Gelder; Richard George Zweifel; Oakes Plimpton (Puritan-American Museum of Natural History Expedition to Western Mexico - 1957) (1959) Marine Mammals from the Coasts of Baja California and the Tres Marías Islands, Mexico (Puritan Expedition) (1960) The Taxonomy and Status of Bats in Bermuda - by Richard George Van Gelder; David B. Wingate (1961) Physiological Mammalogy edited by William V. Mayer and Richard G. Van Gelder (1963) Animals in Winter by Henrietta Bancroft and Richard G. Van Gelder. Illustrated by Gaetano di Palma (1963, reissued in 1997) The Professor and the Mysterious Box - Illustrated by Harriett (Harvey House, 1964) Professor and the Vanishing Flags - Illustrated by Harriett (Harvey House, 1965) Bats - Illustrated by Tom Dolan (Follett, 1967) The Genus Conepatus (Mammalia, Mustelidae) : variation within a population - by Richard George Van Gelder; Hilde Kipp (1967) Biology of Mammals (Scribner, 1969) Monkeys and Apes - Illustrated by Walter Ferguson (Follett, 1970) \"Whale on My Back\" in Curator XIII (1970) Animals & Man, Past, Present, Future - Illustrated by John R. Lane. (1972) Whose Nose Is This? (Walker & Co., 1974) The Natural History of Nyala, Tragelaphus Angasi (Mammalia, Bovidae) in Mozambique - by José L. P. Lobão Tello and Richard G. Van Gelder (1975) Mammalian Hybrids and Generic Limits (1977) A Review of Canid Classification (1978) Talking to Animals: A New Look at Coloration (North Dakota State University, 1980) Mammals of the National Parks (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1982) State of the Mammals (Mammals in New Jersey) (1985) When", "title": "Richard Van Gelder" }, { "docid": "70690333", "text": "Lamegoia is an extinct genus of mammals, belonging to the family Didolodontidae. It contains a single species, Lamegoia conodonta, which lived during the Late Paleocene in what is now South America. Description This animal is only known from a few fossil teeth, and reconstructing its appearance is therefore impossible. From comparison with some of his relatives, it is assumed it may have been 75 centimeters long. Lamegoia was characterized by bunodont teeth, quite similar to Didolodus but more archaic ; the lower molars possessed a complete trigonid. Classification Lamegoia is a member of the Didolodontidae, a badly known clade of south-american mammals from the early Cenozoic. Lamegoia conodonta was described in 1952 by Carlos de Paula Couto, over fossilized teeth found near São José de Itaborai in Brazil. Paleobiology Lamegoia possessed transversal and highly wavy Hunter-Schreger bands (structures present on the teeth, used for strengthening the enamel ; other mammals of similar size from the Itaboraí Formation possessed vertical bands. It is supposed that this characteristic was a functional adaptation to a certain type of vegetation, that the bunodont dentition of Lamegoia was able to process. References C. d. Paula Couto. 1952. Fossil mammals from the beginning of the Cenozoic in Brazil. Condylarthra, Litopterna, Xenungulata, and Astrapotheria. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 99(6):355-394 R. Cifelli. 1983. The origin and affinities of the South American Condylarthra and early Tertiary Litopterna (Mammalia). American Museum Novitates 2772:1-49 J. N. Gelfo. 2007. The ‘condylarth’ Raulvaccia peligrensis (Mammalia: Didolodontidae) from the Paleocene of Patagonia, Argentina. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27(3):651-660 Didolodontids Condylarths Paleocene mammals of South America Paleogene Argentina Fossils of Brazil Fossil taxa described in 1952 Prehistoric placental genera Monotypic mammal genera Itaboraí Formation", "title": "Lamegoia" }, { "docid": "37486008", "text": "This is a collection of lists of organisms by their population. While most of the numbers are estimates, they have been made by the experts in their fields. Species population is a science falling under the purview of population ecology and biogeography. Individuals are counted by census, as carried out for the piping plover; using the transect method, as done for the mountain plover; and beginning in 2012 by satellite, with the emperor penguin being first subject counted in this manner. Number of species More than 99 percent of all species, amounting to over five billion species, that ever lived on Earth are estimated to be extinct. Estimates on the number of Earth's current species range from 10 million to 14 million, of which about 1.2 million have been documented and over 86 percent have not yet been described. According to another study, the number of described species has been estimated at 1,899,587. 2000–2009 saw approximately 17,000 species described per year. The total number of undescribed organisms is unknown, but marine microbial species alone could number 20,000,000. For this reason, the number of quantified species will always lag behind the number of described species, and species contained in these lists tend to be on the K side of the r/K selection continuum. More recently, in May 2016, scientists reported that 1 trillion species are estimated to be on Earth currently with only one-thousandth of one percent described. The total number of related DNA base pairs on Earth is estimated at 5.0 x 1037 and weighs 50 billion tonnes. In comparison, the total mass of the biosphere has been estimated to be as much as 4 TtC (trillion [million million] tonnes of carbon). In July 2016, scientists reported identifying a set of 355 genes from the Last universal common ancestor (LUCA) of all organisms living on Earth. By domain The domain of eukaryotes represent a small minority of the number of organisms; however, due to their generally much larger size, their collective global biomass is estimated to be about equal to that of prokaryotes. Prokaryotes number about 4–6 × 1030 cells and 350–550 Pg of C. Microbes It is estimated that the most numerous bacteria are of a species of the Pelagibacterales (or SAR11) clade, perhaps Pelagibacter ubique, and the most numerous viruses are bacteriophages infecting these species. It is estimated that the oceans contain about 2.4 × 1028 (24 octillion) SAR11 cells. The Deep Carbon Observatory has been exploring living forms in the interior of the Earth. \"Life in deep Earth totals 15 to 23 billion tons of carbon\". Animalia Vertebrates Mammals (Mammalia) Mammals by population Artiodactyla Carnivora Cetacea Chiroptera Perissodactyla Primates Elephants Marsupials Birds (Aves) Birds by population Anseriformes Apodiformes Caprimulgiformes Charadriiformes Ciconiiformes Columbiformes Coraciiformes Cuculiformes Falconiformes Galliformes The domesticated chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus), a Galliform, has an estimated population of 23.7 billion, which is higher than any other bird. Gaviiformes Gruiformes Passeriformes Pelecaniformes Phoenicopteriformes Piciformes Podicipediformes Procellariiformes Psittaciformes Sphenisciformes Strigiformes Struthioniformes Tinamiformes Trogoniformes Reptiles (Reptilia) Fish (Osteichthyes, Chondrichthyes,", "title": "Lists of organisms by population" }, { "docid": "161930", "text": "This is a list of Australia-New Guinea species extinct in the Holocene that covers extinctions from the Holocene epoch, a geologic epoch that began about 11,650 years before present (about 9700 BCE) and continues to the present day. The Australian continent is also called Australia-New Guinea or Sahul to avoid confusion with the country of Australia. The continent includes mainland Australia, Tasmania, the island of New Guinea, the Aru Islands, and other nearby islands. Australia-New Guinea is divided between three countries: Australia (mainland Australia and Tasmania), Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea), and Indonesia (Western New Guinea and the Aru Islands). Extinct animals from the rest of Indonesia are covered in List of Asian animals extinct in the Holocene. Species from the outlying islands of the country of Australia and the Bismarck Archipelago of Papua New Guinea are included below. The Solomon Islands archipelago, split between Papua New Guinea (Autonomous Region of Bougainville) and the country of Solomon Islands, is covered in List of Oceanian species extinct in the Holocene. The fauna of Australia-New Guinea is very unique. Marsupials and monotremes also existed on other continents, but only in Australia-New Guinea did they out-compete the placental mammals and come to dominate. Aside from marine mammals, only two orders of placental mammals are native to Australia-New Guinea: rodents and bats. Dingoes and New Guinea singing dogs are considered feral dogs (Canis familiaris) introduced by humans. The Christmas Island shrew is related to Asian shrews; no members of the order Eulipotyphla are native to Australia-New Guinea proper. New Zealand species extinct in the Holocene are listed separately. The fauna of New Zealand is distinct from Australia-New Guinea. Birds, including numerous flightless birds, are the most important part of New Zealand's vertebrate fauna. Bats are New Zealand's only native land mammals. Numerous species have disappeared from Australia-New Guinea as part of the ongoing Holocene extinction, driven by human activity. Most Australian megafauna disappeared in the Late Pleistocene, considerably earlier than in other continental landmasses. As a result, Australian Holocene extinctions generally are of modest size. Most extinctions occurred after the European settlement of Australia, which began with the First Fleet in 1788 CE. However, the thylacine, Tasmanian devil, and Tasmanian nativehen were extirpated from mainland Australia thousands of years before European settlement, although they survived in Tasmania. The Norfolk swamphen and several New Guinea mammals also disappeared before European colonisation. Mammals (class Mammalia) Monotremes (order Monotremata) Echidnas (family Tachyglossidae) Locally extinct (disputed) Carnivorous marsupials (order Dasyuromorphia) Dog-like marsupials (family Thylacinidae) Marsupial shrews (family Dasyuridae) Locally extinct Bandicoots and bilbies (order Peramelemorphia) Bandicoots (family Peramelidae) Bilbies (family Thylacomyidae) Pig-footed bandicoots (family Chaeropodidae) Order Diprotodontia Brushtail possums and cuscuses (family Phalangeridae) Possibly extinct Trioks, striped possum, Leadbeater's possum, and wrist-winged gliders (family Petauridae) Ring-tailed possums and allies (family Pseudocheiridae) Macropods (family Macropodidae) Bettongs, potoroos, and rat-kangaroos (family Potoroidae) Rodents (order Rodentia) Old World rats and mice (family Muridae) Possibly extinct True insectivores (order Eulipotyphla) True shrews (family Soricidae) Possibly extinct Bats (order Chiroptera) Megabats (family", "title": "List of Australia-New Guinea species extinct in the Holocene" }, { "docid": "61990347", "text": "Juliomys ossitenuis is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae native to South America. Taxonomy This rodent is in the Kingdom Animalia. They are found in the Phylum Chordata, Class Mammalia, and Order Rodentia. Its specific epithet is named Juliomys ossitenuis. They belong to the Family Cricetidae and Subfamily Sigmodontinae. Habitat They can survive in habitats that accumulate heavy amounts of rain. Biology Three types of hair are present in the dorsal region of this species' fur: aristiform, setiform and villiform. The ventral coat is maize yellow, paws in dorsal view are light orange (apricot yellow and dark orange), tail is smooth and intensely bi-colored dorsoventrally, presence and absence of tufts of hair at the tip of the tail, and ventral coat banding pattern, with a gray base corresponding to approximately half and one third of the coat length. Karyotype The karyotypes of this rodent is 2n = 20 and NA = 36. References Juliomys Rodents of South America Taxa named by Leonora Pires Costa", "title": "Juliomys ossitenuis" }, { "docid": "32099370", "text": "Yeni Eskihisar is a late Miocene formation in Yatağan, Muğla Province, Turkey. It is well known for its pollen studies. Vertebrate paleofauna Thalassictis montadai (Mammalia, Carnivora, Hyaenidae) Proticititherium cingulatum (Mammalia, Carnovira, Hyaenidae) Peruniinae (Mammalia, Carnivora, Mustelidae) Miamachairodus (Mammalia, Carnivora, Felidae) References Geology of Turkey Neogene System of Asia Miocene Series Paleontology in Turkey Formations", "title": "Yeni Eskihisar" }, { "docid": "207834", "text": "Iberodon is a small, extinct mammal of the Lower Cretaceous from Portugal. It was a member of the also extinct order Multituberculata, and led its obscure and plant-eating existence in the company of dinosaurs. It lies within the suborder \"Plagiaulacida\" and family Pinheirodontidae. The genus Iberodon was named by Hahn G. and Hahn R. in 1999 based on a single species. The species, known as Iberodon quadrituberculatus, is known from teeth found in Berriasian (Lower Cretaceous)-age strata of Portugal. References Zofia Kielan-Jaworowska, Richard L. Cifelli, and Zhe-Xi Luo (2005). \"Mammals from the age of dinosaurs : origins, evolution, and structure\" pp. 314. Hahn & Hahn (1999), \"Pinheirodontidae n. fam. (Multituberculata) (Mammalia) aus der tiefen Unter-Kreide Portugals\". Palaeontographica Abt. A Vol. 253, pp. 77–222. (Pinheirodontidae n. fam. (Multituberculata) (Mammalia) from the deepest Lower Cretaceous of Portugal). Kielan-Jaworowska Z & Hurum JH (2001), \"Phylogeny and Systematics of multituberculate mammals\". Paleontology 44, p. 389-429. Much of this information has been derived from MESOZOIC MAMMALS: Basal Multituberculata, an Internet directory. Multituberculates Early Cretaceous mammals of Europe Fossils of Portugal Prehistoric mammal genera Fossil taxa described in 1999", "title": "Iberodon" }, { "docid": "3529760", "text": "This is a list of European species extinct in the Holocene that covers extinctions from the Holocene epoch, a geologic epoch that began about 11,650 years before present (about 9700 BCE) and continues to the present day. This list includes the European continent and its surrounding islands. All large islands in the Mediterranean Sea are included except for Cyprus, which is in the List of Asian animals extinct in the Holocene. The recently extinct animals of the Macaronesian islands in the North Atlantic are listed separately. The three Caucasian republics of Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Armenia are included, even though their territory may fall partially or fully in Asia depending of the definition of Europe considered. Overseas territories, departments, and constituent countries of European countries are not included here; they are found on the lists pertaining to their respective regions. For example, French Polynesia is grouped with Oceania, Martinique is grouped with the West Indies, and Réunion is grouped with Madagascar and the Indian Ocean islands, despite all of them being politically part of France. Many extinction dates are unknown due to a lack of relevant information. Mammals (class Mammalia) Elephant-like mammals (order Proboscidea) Elephants and mammoths (family Elephantidae) Lagomorphs (order Lagomorpha) Rabbits and hares (family Leporidae) Pikas (family Ochotonidae) Locally extinct Rodents (order Rodentia) Hamsters, voles, lemmings, muskrats, and New World rats and mice (family Cricetidae) Locally extinct Old World rats and mice (family Muridae) Dormice (family Gliridae) Squirrels (family Sciuridae) True insectivores (order Eulipotyphla) True shrews (family Soricidae) Carnivorans (order Carnivora) Cats (family Felidae) Locally extinct Hyenas (family Hyaenidae) Dogs (family Canidae) Martens, polecats, otters, badgers, and weasels (family Mustelidae) Odd-toed ungulates (order Perissodactyla) Horses and allies (family Equidae) Locally extinct Rhinoceroses (family Rhinocerotidae) Even-toed ungulates (order Artiodactyla) Right and bowhead whales (family Balaenidae) Locally extinct Gray whales (family Eschrichtiidae) Locally extinct True deer (family Cervidae) Locally extinct Cattle, goats, antelopes, and others (family Bovidae) Extinct in the wild Locally extinct Birds (class Aves) Rails and cranes (order Gruiformes) Rails (family Rallidae) Shorebirds (order Charadriiformes) Sandpipers (family Scolopacidae) Possibly extinct Auks (family Alcidae) Buttonquails (family Turnicidae) Locally extinct Pelicans, herons, and ibises (order Pelecaniformes) Ibises and spoonbills (family Threskiornithidae) Locally extinct Hawks and relatives (order Accipitriformes) Hawks, eagles, kites, harriers and Old World vultures (family Accipitridae) Owls (order Strigiformes) True owls (family Strigidae) Locally extinct Perching birds (order Passeriformes) Crows and relatives (family Corvidae) Reptiles (class Reptilia) Squamates (order Squamata) Wall lizards (family Lacertidae) Vipers (family Viperidae) Ray-finned fish (class Actinopterygii) Sturgeons and paddlefishes (order Acipenseriformes) Sturgeons (family Acipenseridae) Locally extinct Minnows and allies (order Cypriniformes) Carps, minnows, and relatives (family Cyprinidae) Salmon, trout and relatives (order Salmoniformes) Salmon, trout and relatives (family Salmonidae) Extinct in the wild Locally extinct Lionfishes and sculpins (order Scorpaeniformes) Sticklebacks (family Gasterosteidae) Lampreys and relatives (class Hyperoartia) Lampreys (order Petromyzontiformes) Northern lampreys (family Petromyzontidae) Insects (class Insecta) Praying mantises (order Mantodea) Family Amelidae Bark lice, book lice and parasitic lice (order Psocodea) Family Trichodectidae Possibly extinct Beetles (order Coleoptera) Predaceous diving beetles (family", "title": "List of European species extinct in the Holocene" }, { "docid": "21429075", "text": "Protosiren is an extinct early genus of the order Sirenia. Protosiren existed throughout the Lutetian to Priabonian stages of the Middle Eocene. Fossils have been found in the far-flung locations like the United States (South Carolina, North Carolina and Florida), Africa (Egypt), Europe (France, Germany and Hungary) and Asia (India and Pakistan). So far, five species have been named. From comparative anatomy and chronological order, it has been suggested that P. fraasi, P. sattaensis and P. smithae represent an ancestor-descendant lineage. P. eothene is the oldest and smallest species. Ecology Like the extant sirenians (manatee and dugong), Protosiren is thought to have fed on sea grasses as well as freshwater plants. Unlike extant sirenians, Protosiren had hind limbs. Although the limbs were well-developed, they were small and the sacroiliac joint was weak. Consequently, Protosiren is thought to have been only or primarily aquatic, rarely venturing on to land. It has been speculated that it swam by caudal undulation and used its hind limbs to crawl along sea floors in nearshore habitats while feeding. It might have occupied a different ecological niche than the contemporary Eotheroides, which had a closer resemblance to modern sirenians. See also Evolution of sirenians References Domning, D. P.; Morgan, G. S.; Ray, C. E. (1982). North American Eocene sea cows (Mammalia: Sirenia). Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Number 52. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. External links Protosiren at The Paleobiology Database. Eocene sirenians Transitional fossils Prehistoric placental genera Taxa named by Othenio Abel Fossil taxa described in 1904", "title": "Protosiren" }, { "docid": "6809654", "text": "Frank Evers Beddard FRS FRSE (19 June 1858 – 14 July 1925) was an English zoologist. He became a leading authority on annelids, including earthworms. He won the Linnean Medal in 1916 for his book on oligochaetes. Life Beddard was born in Dudley, Worcestershire the son of John Beddard. He was educated at Harrow and New College, Oxford. He died at West Hampstead in London. In 1881, aged 22, he lodged at 81a Princes Street, Edinburgh at Anna Campbell's lodging house. His fellow lodger was the Scottish biologist and town planner Patrick Geddes. Career Beddard was naturalist to the Challenger Expedition Commission from 1882 to 1884. In 1884 he was appointed prosector, responsible for preparing dissections of animals that had died, at the Zoological Society of London, following the death of William Alexander Forbes. Beddard became lecturer in biology at Guy's Hospital, examiner in zoology and comparative anatomy at the University of London, and lecturer in morphology at Oxford University. Apart from his publications on wide-ranging topics in zoology, such as Isopoda, Mammalia, ornithology, zoogeography and animal coloration, Beddard became particularly noted as an authority on the annelids, publishing two books on the group and contributing articles on earthworms, leeches and also on another phylum of worms, the Nematoda for the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, where he used the initials \"F.E.B.\". Coles cites W.H. Hudson's 1919 The book of a naturalist, page 347: Beddard contributed biographies of zoologists William Henry Flower and John Anderson for the Dictionary of National Biography. He was the author of volume 10 (Mammalia) of the Cambridge Natural History. Legacy Beddard's olingo (Pocock, 1921) is named after him. Works Books Report on the Isopoda collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873–76 HMSO, 1884. Animal Coloration: an account of the principal facts and theories relating to the colours and markings of animals Swan Sonnenschein, 1892. A Text-book of Zoogeography. Cambridge University Press, 1895. A Monograph of the Order of Oligochaeta. Oxford at the Clarendon Press, 1895. A Book of Whales. John Murray, 1895. The Cambridge natural history. Vol 10 Mammalia. Macmillan, 1895. Elementary Zoology. Longmans, Green, 1898. The Structure and Classification of Birds Longmans, Green, 1898. Mammalia, Macmillan, 1902. Natural History in Zoological Gardens: Being Some Account of Vertebrated Animals, Archibald Constable, 1905. Earthworms and Their Allies. Cambridge University Press, 1912. Chapters Hudson, W.H. and Beddard, Frank E. British Birds. Chapter on structure and classification. First edition 1898. Longmans, Green, 1921. References External links Biography Biodiversity Heritage Library: 20 Titles by Beddard Archives hub: Beddard's Correspondence 1858 births 1925 deaths English zoologists Fellows of the Royal Society Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh Fellows of the Zoological Society of London Linnean Medallists People educated at Harrow School Alumni of New College, Oxford People from Dudley", "title": "Frank Evers Beddard" }, { "docid": "214930", "text": "Microcosmodontidae is a poorly preserved family of fossil mammals within the extinct order Multituberculata. Representatives are known from the Lower Paleocene of North America. The family is part of the suborder Cimolodonta. Other than that, their systematic relationships are hard to define. These microcosmodontids were rather small and had a \"large lower incisor with a restricted enamel band, (Kielan-Jaworowska & Hurum 2001, p.417). This grouping has also be seen as Microcosmodontinae Holtzman & Wolberg, 1977, within Eucosmodontidae. However, \"Microcosmodontidae (new rank assigned by Fox to the subfamily Microcosmodontinae),\" (Kielan-Jaworowska & Hurum, 2001). References Holtzman & Wolberg (1977), \"The Microcosmodontinae and Microcosmodon woodi, new multituberculate taxa (Mammalia) from the Late Paleocene of North America\". Sci. Publi. of the Sci. Museum of Minnesota, New Series, r, p. 1-13. Fox (1999), \"The monophyly of the Taeniolabidoidea (Mammalia: Multituberculata)\", p. 26 in Leanza (ed.). Abstracts, VII International Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems, Buenos Aires, pp. 64. Kielan-Jaworowska Z & Hurum JH (2001), \"Phylogeny and Systematics of Multituberculate Mammals\". Paleontology 44, p. 389-429. Much of this information has been derived from MESOZOIC MAMMALS; Eucosmodontidae, Microcosmodontidae and Taeniolabidoidea, an Internet directory. Cimolodonts Late Cretaceous first appearances Paleocene extinctions Prehistoric mammal families", "title": "Microcosmodontidae" }, { "docid": "5565269", "text": "Frank Finn FZS, MBOU (1868 – 1 October 1932) was an English ornithologist. Finn was born in Maidstone and educated at Maidstone Grammar School and Brasenose College, Oxford. He went on a collecting expedition to East Africa in 1892, and became First Assistant Superintendent of the Indian Museum, Calcutta in 1894, and Deputy Superintendent from 1895 to 1903. He then returned to England, and was editor of the Avicultural Magazine in 1909–10. Finn was a prolific author, his works including Garden and Aviary Birds of India, How to Know the Indian Ducks (1901), The Birds of Calcutta (1901), How to Know the Indian Waders (1906), Ornithological and other Oddities (1907), The Making of Species (1909, with Douglas Dewar), Eggs and Nests of British Birds (1910) and Indian Sporting Birds (1915). He also edited Robert A. Sterndale's book on the mammals of India and Ceylon and brought out a new and abridged edition titled Sterndale's Mammalia of India (1929), which included an appendix on reptiles. The weaver bird Ploceus megarhynchus was originally described from a specimen collected by A. O. Hume from Kaladhungi near Nainital in 1869. It was rediscovered near Calcutta by Finn, and E. C. Stuart Baker called it Finn's Weaver in the second edition of the Fauna of British India (1925). Finn also described three new species of reptiles in collaboration with British naturalist Alfred William Alcock. Finn was editor of The Zoologist during the last two years of its existence, from 1915 to 1916. Notes References Mullens and Swann - A Bibliography of British Ornithology (1917) External links The Birds of Calcutta (1904) How to Know the Indian Waders (1906) Ornithological and other Oddities (1907) The World's Birds (1908) The Waterfowl of India (1909) Talks about Birds (1911) The Gamebirds of India (1911) Wild animals of yesterday & to-day (1913)] Garden and Aviary Birds of India (1915) Bird Behaviour: Psychical and Physiological (1919) Familiar London Birds (1922) Sterndale's Mammalia of India (1929) Indian Sporting Birds (1935) 1868 births 1932 deaths People from Maidstone Alumni of Brasenose College, Oxford English ornithologists Fellows of the Zoological Society of London People educated at Maidstone Grammar School British people in colonial India", "title": "Frank Finn" }, { "docid": "19870485", "text": "This is a list of Hawaiian species extinct in the Holocene that covers extinctions from the Holocene epoch, a geologic epoch that began about 11,650 years before present (about 9700 BCE) and continues to the present day. The Hawaiian Islands include the eight major islands (the Windward Islands) and the small islands and atolls of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. They are all part of the U.S. state of Hawaii, except Midway Atoll, which is a separate U.S. territory. The islands of East Polynesia (including New Zealand, Hawaii, and Easter Island) were among the last habitable places on earth colonized by humans. Estimates for the timing of Polynesian settlement in Hawaii have varied over the decades, but a 2010 study based on radiocarbon dates of more reliable samples suggests that Hawaii was first settled about 1219 to 1266 CE. In 1778, British explorer James Cook became the first recorded European to arrive in Hawaii. An influx of European and American explorers, traders, and whalers arrived shortly after. Hawaii was annexed by the United States in 1898 and became a state in 1959. Numerous species have disappeared from Hawaii as part of the ongoing Holocene extinction, driven by human activity. Human contact, first by Polynesians and later by Europeans, had a significant impact on the environment. Both the Polynesians and Europeans cleared native forests and introduced non-indigenous species for agriculture (or by accident), driving many endemic species to extinction. Fossil finds in caves, lava tubes, and sand dunes have revealed that Hawaii once had a native eagle, two raven-size crows, several bird-eating owls, and giant ducks known as moa-nalo. Today, many of Hawaii's remaining endemic species of plants and animals are considered endangered. Hawaii has more endangered species and has lost a higher percentage of its endemic species than any other U.S. state. The endemic plant Brighamia now requires hand pollination because its natural pollinator is presumed to be extinct. This list of extinct species only includes the indigenous biota of Hawaii, not domestic animals like the Hawaiian poi dog. Many extinction dates are unknown due to a lack of relevant information. Mammals (class Mammalia) Bats (order Chiroptera) Vesper bats (family Vespertilionidae) Birds (class Aves) Waterfowl (order Anseriformes) Ducks, geese, and swans (family Anatidae) Rails and cranes (order Gruiformes) Rails (family Rallidae) Shorebirds (order Charadriiformes) Gulls, terns, and skimmers (family Laridae) Albatrosses and petrels (order Procellariiformes) Petrels and shearwaters (family Procellariidae) Pelicans, herons, and ibises (order Pelecaniformes) Ibises and spoonbills (family Threskiornithidae) Hawks and relatives (order Accipitriformes) Hawks, eagles, kites, harriers and Old World vultures (family Accipitridae) Locally extinct Owls (order Strigiformes) True owls (family Strigidae) Perching birds (order Passeriformes) Crows and relatives (family Corvidae) Extinct in the wild, crows and relatives (family Corvidae) Reed warblers (family Acrocephalidae) Hawaiian honeyeaters (family Mohoidae) Thrushes (family Turdidae) Possibly extinct, thrushes (family Turdidae) True finches (family Fringillidae) Possibly extinct, true finches (family Fringillidae) Incertae familiae Insects (class Insecta) Dragonflies and damselflies (order Odonata) Narrow-winged damselflies (family Coenagrionidae) Possibly extinct Grasshoppers, locusts, and crickets (order Orthoptera)", "title": "List of Hawaiian animals extinct in the Holocene" }, { "docid": "1754197", "text": "Simplicidentata is a group of mammals that includes the rodents (order Rodentia) and their closest extinct relatives. The term has historically been used as an alternative to Rodentia, contrasting the rodents (which have one pair of upper incisors) with their close relatives the lagomorphs (which have two). However, Simplicidentata is now defined as including all members of Glires (the clade formed by lagomorphs and rodents) that share a more recent common ancestor with living rodents than with living lagomorphs. Thus, Simplicidentata is a total group that is more inclusive than Rodentia, a crown group that includes all living rodents, their last common ancestor, and all its descendants. Under this definition, the loss of the second pair of upper incisors is a synapomorphic (shared derived) feature of Simplicidentata. The loss of the second upper premolar (P2) has also been considered as synapomorphic for Simplicidentata, but the primitive simplicidentate Sinomylus does have a P2. This sense of Simplicidentata was introduced by Chuankui Li and colleagues in 1987, who ranked Simplicidentata as a superorder including Rodentia and the extinct Mixodontia, contrasted with the superorder Duplicidentata (including Lagomorpha and the extinct Mimotonida). In their 1997 book Classification of Mammals, Malcolm C. McKenna and Susan K. Bell ranked Simplicidentata as a mirorder within the grandorder Anagalida (also including lagomorphs, macroscelideans, and some additional extinct groups). Within Simplicidentata, they recognized the orders Mixodontia (including only the extinct family Eurymylidae from the Paleocene and Eocene of Asia) and Rodentia. McKenna and Bell's decision to use Simplicidentata was criticized by reviewer Frederick S. Szalay, who preferred to simply place the Mixodontia within Rodentia, which would leave Simplicidentata unnecessary. In The Beginning of the Age of Mammals (2006), Kenneth Rose recognized a mirorder Simplicidentata, including Mixodontia, Rodentia, and the genus Sinomylus (not placed in either order), within the superorder Anagalida. References Literature cited Landry, S.O., Jr. 1999. A proposal for a new classification and nomenclature for the Glires (Lagomorpha and Rodentia). Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin, Zoologische Reihe 75(2):283–316. McKenna, M.C. and Bell, S.K. 1997. Classification of Mammals: Above the species level. New York: Columbia University Press, 631 pp. McKenna, M.C. and Meng, J. 2001. A primitive relative of rodents from the Chinese Paleocene. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 21(3):565–572. Meng, J. and Wyss, A.R. 1994. Enamel microstructure of Tribosphenomys (Mammalia, Glires): Character analysis and systematic implications. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 2(3):185–203. Meng, J. and Wyss, A.R. 2001. The morphology of Tribosphenomys (Rodentiaformes, Mammalia): phylogenetic implications for basal Glires. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 8(1):1–71. Meng, J., Hu, Y. and Li, C. 2003. The osteology of Rhombomylus (Mammalia, Glires): implications for phylogeny and evolution of Glires. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 275:1–247. Meng, J., Kraatz, B.P., Wang, Y., Ni, X., Gebo, D.L. and Beard, K.C. 2009. A new species of Gomphos (Glires, Mammalia) from the Eocene of the Erlian Basin, Nei Mongol, China. American Museum Novitates 3670:1–11. Rose, K.D. 2006. The Beginning of the Age of Mammals. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 428 pp.", "title": "Simplicidentata" }, { "docid": "17682224", "text": "There is much to be discovered about the evolution of the brain and the principles that govern it. While much has been discovered, not everything currently known is well understood. The evolution of the brain has appeared to exhibit diverging adaptations within taxonomic classes such as Mammalia and more vastly diverse adaptations across other taxonomic classes. Brain to body size scales allometrically. This means as body size changes, so do other physiological, anatomical, and biochemical constructs connecting the brain to the body. Small bodied mammals have relatively large brains compared to their bodies whereas large mammals (such as whales) have smaller brain to body ratios. If brain weight is plotted against body weight for primates, the regression line of the sample points can indicate the brain power of a primate species. Lemurs for example fall below this line which means that for a primate of equivalent size, a larger brain would be expected. Humans lie well above the line indicating that humans are more encephalized than lemurs. In fact, humans are more encephalized compared to all other primates. This means that human brains have exhibited a larger evolutionary increase in complexity relative to size. Some of these evolutionary changes have been found to be linked to multiple genetic factors, such as proteins and other organelles. Early history of brain development One approach to understanding overall brain evolution is to use a paleoarchaeological timeline to trace the necessity for ever increasing complexity in structures that allow for chemical and electrical signaling. Because brains and other soft tissues do not fossilize as readily as mineralized tissues, scientists often look to other structures as evidence in the fossil record to get an understanding of brain evolution. This, however, leads to a dilemma as the emergence of organisms with more complex nervous systems with protective bone or other protective tissues that can then readily fossilize occur in the fossil record before evidence for chemical and electrical signaling. Evidence from 2008 showed that the ability to transmit electrical and chemical signals existed even before more complex multicellular lifeforms. Fossilization of brain tissue, as well as other soft tissue, is nonetheless possible, and scientists can infer that the first brain structure appeared at least 521 million years ago, with fossil brain tissue present in sites of exceptional preservation. Another approach to understanding brain evolution is to look at extant organisms that do not possess complex nervous systems, comparing anatomical features that allow for chemical or electrical messaging. For example, choanoflagellates are organisms that possess various membrane channels that are crucial to electrical signaling. The membrane channels of choanoflagellates' are homologous to the ones found in animal cells, and this is supported by the evolutionary connection between early choanoflagellates and the ancestors of animals. Another example of extant organisms with the capacity to transmit electrical signals would be the glass sponge, a multicellular organism, which is capable of propagating electrical impulses without the presence of a nervous system. Before the evolutionary development of the brain, nerve nets,", "title": "Evolution of the brain" }, { "docid": "10018708", "text": "The Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle Under the Command of Captain Fitzroy, R.N., during the Years 1832 to 1836 is a 5-part book published unbound in nineteen numbers as they were ready, between February 1838 and October 1843. It was written by various authors, and edited and superintended by Charles Darwin, publishing expert descriptions of the collections he had made during the Beagle voyage. Part 1. Fossil Mammalia (1838 – 1840), by Richard Owen (Preface and Geological introduction by Darwin) Part 2. Mammalia (1838 – 1839), by George R. Waterhouse (Geographical introduction and A notice of their habits and ranges by Darwin) Darwin also contributed notices of habits and ranges throughout the text of Mammalia and Birds, and the text of the Fish and the Reptiles included numerous notes by him that were mostly taken from his labels. The authors of these parts were as follows: Part 3. Birds (1838 – 1841), by John Gould Part 4. Fish (1840 – 1842), by Leonard Jenyns Part 5. Reptiles (1842 – 1843), by Thomas Bell For a small additional fee the publishers sold the completed work bound, in five volumes, and later bound in three volumes, the first incorporating Parts 1 & 2, the second Part 3 and the third Parts 4 & 5. An example of this arrangement can be seen in the catalogue entry for the copies held at the State Library of New South Wales. The copies published by Elder Smith, 1840-1843 has the five volumes bound into three with some plates folded. References External links The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online: The Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle – bibliography by Freeman, R. B. (1977) and links to online texts and images of each of the nineteen numbers. Zoology of the Beagle: Part I 1839–43, from Rare Book Room. Eight selected plates from The Zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle under the command of Captain Fitzroy, R.N., during the years 1832 to 1836 held by the State Library of New South Wales. 1838 books Books by Charles Darwin Zoology books 1830s in science English-language books Smith, Elder & Co. books", "title": "Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle" }, { "docid": "4015120", "text": "This list of African species extinct in the Holocene covers extinctions from the Holocene epoch, a geologic epoch that began about 11,650 years before present (about 9700 BCE) and continues to the present. Africa is highly biodiverse; it is the continent with the largest number of megafauna species, as it was least affected by the extinction of the Pleistocene megafauna. However, a few species have disappeared from Africa as part of the ongoing Holocene extinction, driven by human activity. Madagascar and the Indian Ocean islands, Macaronesia, and Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha are biogeographically distinct from mainland Africa and have a much greater number of Holocene extinctions. Recently extinct species from these regions are listed in separate articles. Many extinction dates are unknown due to a lack of relevant information. Mammals (class Mammalia) Elephant-like mammals (order Proboscidea) Elephants and mammoths (family Elephantidae) Rodents (order Rodentia) Old World rats and mice (family Muridae) Possibly extinct Primates (order Primates) Lorises, pottos, and angwantibos (family Lorisidae) Possibly extinct True insectivores (order Eulipotyphla) True shrews (family Soricidae) Locally extinct Carnivorans (order Carnivora) Cats (family Felidae) Locally extinct Dogs (family Canidae) Locally extinct Bears (family Ursidae) Locally extinct Odd-toed ungulates (order Perissodactyla) Horses and allies (family Equidae) Possibly extinct Rhinoceroses (family Rhinocerotidae) Possibly extinct Extinct in the wild Even-toed ungulates (order Artiodactyla) Pigs (family Suidae) Right and bowhead whales (family Balaenidae) Locally extinct Gray whales (family Eschrichtiidae) Locally extinct True deer (family Cervidae) Locally extinct Cattle, goats, antelopes, and others (family Bovidae) Extinct in the wild Locally extinct Birds (class Aves) Landfowl (order Galliformes) Guineafowl (family Numididae) Possibly extinct Bustards (order Otidiformes) Bustards (family Otididae) Possibly extinct Shorebirds (order Charadriiformes) Oystercatchers (family Haematopodidae) Sandpipers (order Scolopacidae) Possibly extinct Auks (family Alcidae) Hawks and relatives (order Accipitriformes) Hawks, eagles, kites, harriers and Old World vultures (family Accipitridae) Locally extinct Passerines (order Passeriformes) Cisticolas and allies (family Cisticolidae) Reptiles (class Reptilia) Squamates (order Squamata) Plated lizards (family Gerrhosauridae) Amphibians (class Amphibia) Frogs (order Anura) African torrent frogs (family Petropedetidae) Possibly extinct True toads (family Bufonidae) Possibly extinct Extinct in the wild Ray-finned fish (class Actinopterygii) Minnows and allies (order Cypriniformes) Carps, minnows, and relatives (family Cyprinidae) Salmon, trout and relatives (order Salmoniformes) Salmon, trout and relatives (family Salmonidae) Toothcarps (order Cyprinodontiformes) Livebearers and relatives (family Poeciliidae) Insects (class Insecta) Butterflies and moths (order Lepidoptera) Gossamer-winged butterflies (family Lycaenidae) Ostracods (class Ostracoda) Order Podocopida Family Candonidae See also List of Madagascar and Indian Ocean Island animals extinct in the Holocene List of Macaronesian animals extinct in the Holocene List of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha animals extinct in the Holocene Lists of extinct species List of extinct bird species since 1500 Extinct in the wild Lazarus taxon Notes References External links The Extinction Website IUCN Red List of Threatened Species Africa †Holocene", "title": "List of African animals extinct in the Holocene" }, { "docid": "10085128", "text": "The following is a list of the classes in each phylum of the kingdom Animalia. There are 107 classes of animals in 33 phyla in this list. However, different sources give different numbers of classes and phyla. For example, Protura, Diplura, and Collembola are often considered to be the three orders in the class Entognatha. This list should by no means be considered complete and authoritative and should be used carefully. Acanthocephala (thorny-headed worms) Archiacanthocephala Eoacanthocephala Palaeacanthocephala (ancient thornheads) Polyacanthocephala Acoelomorpha (simple soft-bodied flatworms) Acoela Nemertodermatida Annelida (segmented worms) Clitellata (earthworms) Polychaeta (bristle worms) Sipuncula (peanut worms) Arthropoda (arthropods: insects, crustaceans, arachnids, centipedes, and millipedes) Chelicerata Arachnida (spiders, scorpions, and kin) Xiphosura (horseshoe crabs) Pycnogonida (sea spiders) Crustacea Branchiopoda (fairy shrimp, tadpole shrimp, water fleas, and clam shrimp) Cephalocarida (horseshoe shrimp) Pentastomida (tongue worms) Branchiura (fish lice) Mystacocarida Copepoda Ostracoda (seed shrimp) Malacostraca (crabs, lobsters, crayfish, krill, various shrimp, woodlice, and kin) Thecostraca (barnacles) Remipedia Hexapoda Entognatha (coneheads, two-pronged bristletails and springtails) Insecta (insects) Myriapoda Chilopoda (centipedes) Diplopoda (millipedes) Pauropoda Symphyla (pseudocentipedes) Brachiopoda (\"lamp shells\") Lingulata Craniata Rhynchonellata Bryozoa (moss animals) Gymnolaemata Phylactolaemata Stenolaemata Chaetognatha (arrow worms) Sagittoidea Chordata (vertebrates, tunicates, and lancelets) Cephalochordata Leptocardii (lancelet) Tunicata Appendicularia (larvaceans) Ascidiacea (sea squirts, paraphyletic with respect to Thaliacea) Thaliacea (salps, pyrosomes, and doliolids) Vertebrata Agnatha Cyclostomata Myxini (hagfish) Petromyzontida (lamprey) Gnathostomata Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish: chimeras, sharks and rays) Osteichthyes Actinopterygii (ray-finned fish, which includes most familiar bony fish) Sarcopterygii Actinistia (coelacanths) Dipnoi (lungfish) Tetrapoda Amphibia (amphibians) Amniota Mammalia (mammals) Aves (birds) Reptilia (reptiles, paraphyletic with respect to Aves) Cnidaria (marine stinging animals) Octocorallia Hexacorallia Ceriantharia Cubozoa (box jellyfish) Hydrozoa (hydroids) Myxozoa (marine parasites) Scyphozoa (true jellyfish) Staurozoa (stalked jellyfish) Polypodiozoa (marine parasites) Cycliophora (tiny marine animals) Eucycliophora Dicyemida (rhombozoa) Dicyemida Echinodermata (starfish, sea urchins, sand dollars, sea lilies, and others) Crinozoa Crinoidea (sea lilies and feather stars) Asterozoa Asteroidea (star fish) Ophiuroidea (brittle stars) Echinozoa Echinoidea (sea urchins) Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers) Entoprocta Entoprocta Gastrotricha (hairybacks) Gastrotricha Gnathostomulida (jaw worms) Gnathostomulida Hemichordata Enteropneusta (acorn worms) Pterobranchia Kinorhyncha (mud dragons) Allomalorhagida Cyclorhagida Loricifera Loricifera Mollusca (mollusks) Aplacophora Bivalvia (clams, mussels, scallops, and kin) Cephalopoda (octopuses, squids and cuttlefish) Gastropoda (snails and slugs) Monoplacophora Polyplacophora (chitons, or sea cradles) Scaphopoda (tusk shells) Micrognathozoa Micrognathozoa Nematoda (roundworms) Chromadorea Enoplea Secernentea Nematomorpha (horsehair worms) Gordioidea Nectonematoida Nemertea (ribbon worms) Anopla Enopla Onychophora (velvet worms) Onychophora Orthonectida Orthonectida Placozoa Polyplacotomia Uniplacotomia Platyhelminthes (flatworms) Cestoda (tapeworms and relatives) Monogenea Trematoda (flukes) Turbellaria (e.g. Dugesia) Porifera (sponges) Calcarea (calcareous sponges) Demospongiae Hexactinellida (glass sponges) Homoscleromorpha Priapulida (priapulid worms) Halicryptomorpha Priapulimorpha Seticoronaria Rotifera (rotifers) Bdelloidea Monogononta Seisonidea Tardigrada (tardigrades, water bears, or moss piglets) Eutardigrada Heterotardigrada Xenoturbellida Xenoturbellida References Taxonomic lists", "title": "List of animal classes" }, { "docid": "72767809", "text": "This is a list of Macaronesian animals extinct in the Holocene that covers extinctions from the Holocene epoch, a geologic epoch that began about 11,650 years before present (about 9700 BCE) and continues to the present day. Macaronesia is a collection of four volcanic archipelagos in the North Atlantic, off the coast of Africa. Macaronesia consists of the Azores (part of Portugal), Maderia (part of Portugal), the Canary Islands (part of Spain), and Cape Verde (an independent country). Numerous animal species have disappeared from the Macaronesian islands as part of the ongoing Holocene extinction, driven by human activity. Mammals (class Mammalia) Rodents (order Rodentia) Old World rats and mice (family Muridae) Carnivorans (order Carnivora) Earless seals (family Phocidae) Locally extinct Birds (class Aves) Landfowl (order Galliformes) Pheasants and allies (family Phasianidae) Pigeons and doves (order Columbiformes) Pigeons and doves (family Columbidae) Rails and cranes (order Gruiformes) Rails (family Rallidae) Shorebirds (order Charadriiformes) Oystercatchers (family Haematopodidae) Sandpipers (family Scolopacidae) Possibly extinct Auks (family Alcidae) Albatrosses and petrels (order Procellariiformes) Petrels and shearwaters (family Procellariidae) Hawks and relatives (order Accipitriformes) Hawks, eagles, kites, harriers and Old World vultures (family Accipitridae) Locally extinct Owls (order Strigiformes) True owls (family Strigidae) Perching birds (order Passeriformes) Leaf warblers (family Phylloscopidae) True finches (family Fringillidae) Locally extinct Buntings (family Emberizidae) Thrushes (family Turdidae) Reptiles (class Reptilia) Squamates (order Squamata) Wall lizards (family Lacertidae) Possibly extinct Skinks (family Scincidae) Turtles and tortoises (order Testudines) Tortoises (family Testudinidae) Insects (class Insecta) Butterflies and moths (order Lepidoptera) Whites or yellow-whites (family Pieridae) Possibly extinct Slugs and snails (class Gastropoda) Order Stylommatophora Family Discidae Possibly extinct Family Gastrodontidae Possibly extinct Family Geomitridae Possibly extinct, family Geomitridae Family Lauriidae Possibly extinct, family Lauriidae Notes References Fauna of Macaronesia Extinct animals of Africa Extinct animals of Europe", "title": "List of Macaronesian animals extinct in the Holocene" }, { "docid": "39892519", "text": "This is a list of Oceanian species extinct in the Holocene that covers extinctions from the Holocene epoch, a geologic epoch that began about 11,650 years before present (about 9700 BCE) and continues to the present day. Oceania is a geographical region in the Pacific Ocean comprising Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. Numerous species across Oceania became extinct as humans moved across the Pacific. Australia-New Guinea, New Zealand, and Hawaii have particularly large numbers of extinct species, so they listed in separate articles. Extinctions from the remaining Pacific Islands are listed below. This list includes sovereign states (such as Fiji) as well as island territories (such as French Polynesia). Extinctions from the associated states and dependent territory of New Zealand are listed below, and not with New Zealand proper. Papua New Guinea's Autonomous Region of Bougainville (part of the Solomon Islands archipelago) is included below, although the rest of Papua New Guinea is covered in List of Australia-New Guinea species extinct in the Holocene. Many extinction dates are unknown due to a lack of relevant information. Mammals (class Mammalia) Rodents (order Rodentia) Old World rats and mice (family Muridae) Possibly extinct Bats (order Chiroptera) Megabats (family Pteropodidae) Possibly extinct Vesper bats (family Vespertilionidae) Birds (class Aves) Landfowl and relatives (clade Pangalliformes) Sylviornithids (family Sylviornithidae) Megapodes (family Megapodidae) Locally extinct Pheasants and allies (family Phasianidae) Locally extinct Waterfowl (order Anseriformes) Ducks, geese, and swans (family Anatidae) Nightjars (order Caprimulgiformes) Typical nightjars (family Caprimulgidae) Possibly extinct Owlet-nightjars (order Aegotheliformes) Owlet-nightjars (family Aegothelidae) Possibly extinct Swifts, treeswifts, and hummingbirds (order Apodiformes) Swifts (family Apodidae) Pigeons and doves (order Columbiformes) Pigeons and doves (family Columbidae) Possibly extinct Locally extinct Rails and cranes (order Gruiformes) Rails (family Rallidae) Possibly extinct Extinct in the wild Locally extinct Shorebirds (order Charadriiformes) Sandpipers (family Scolopacidae) Gulls, terns, and skimmers (family Laridae) Buttonquails (family Turnicidae) Boobies, cormorants, and allies (order Suliformes) Boobies and gannets (family Sulidae) Locally extinct Pelicans, herons, and ibises (order Pelecaniformes) Herons (family Ardeidae) Hawks and relatives (order Accipitriformes) Hawks, eagles, kites, harriers and Old World vultures (family Accipitridae) Owls (order Strigiformes) True owls (family Strigidae) Locally extinct Barn-owls (family Tytonidae) Kingfishers and relatives (order Coraciiformes) Kingfishers (family Alcedinidae) Extinct in the wild Parrots (order Psittaciformes) Old World parrots (family Psittaculidae) Possibly extinct Perching birds (order Passeriformes) Pittas (family Pittidae) Fantails and silktails (family Rhipiduridae) Reed warblers (family Acrocephalidae) Grassbirds and allies (family Locustellidae) Possibly extinct White-eyes (family Zosteropidae) Starlings (family Sturnidae) Possibly extinct Monarch flycatchers (family Monarchidae) Possibly extinct Reptiles (class Reptilia) Crocodilians (order Crocodilia) Mekosuchines (clade Mekosuchinae) Squamates (order Squamata) Australia-New Zealand geckos (family Diplodactylidae) Skinks (family Scincidae) Iguanas and chuckwallas (family Iguanidae) Monitor lizards (family Varanidae) Turtles and tortoises (order Testudines) Horned turtles (family Meiolaniidae) Amphibians (class Amphibia) Frogs (order Anura) Wrinkled ground frogs (family Ceratobatrachidae) Insects (class Insecta) Beetles (order Coleoptera) Predaceous diving beetles (family Dytiscidae) Moths and butterflies (order Lepidoptera) Smoky moths (family Zygaenidae) Snails and slugs (class Gastropoda) Order Stylommatophora Family Bothriembryontidae Family Charopidae Family Helicarionidae Family Partulidae Possibly extinct", "title": "List of Oceanian species extinct in the Holocene" }, { "docid": "71419640", "text": "This is a list of Antillian and Bermudan animals extinct in the Holocene that covers extinctions from the Holocene epoch, a geologic epoch that began about 11,650 years before present (about 9700 BCE) and continues to the present day. This list includes the Antilles archipelago and the Bermuda Islands, collectively known as the West Indies. The indigenous fauna of the West Indies collapsed in the Late Quaternary, with the rate of extinction for terrestrial mammals approaching 79-84%, one of the highest in the world. However, and in stark contrast to the American continent, radiocarbon dating indicates that mammals survived the end of the Pleistocene with no apparent, or minimal losses despite localized sea level rise and climate change, though the same caused some bird extirpations and extinctions on the Bahamas. The indigenous peoples of the Caribbean arrived in the middle Holocene and introduced guinea pigs, agoutis, and Native American dogs. While they accelerated the process, it was still not to the extent predicted by the \"blitzkrieg\" model of Pleistocene extinctions. For example, Caribbean sloths coexisted with humans for up to 400 years, even the largest species, which might indicate that they weren't commonly hunted. Some rodents, like the Puerto Rican hutia and Desmarest's hutia, and even flightless birds like the Antillean cave rail adapted well to human predation and were introduced to new islands by humans. European colonization, beginning with the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1492, brought in Old World rats, mice, domestic animals, and large escale deforestation that erradicated many of the native animals and those introduced by indigenous peoples alike. The most recent extinctions happened after the late 19th century, following the introduction of the small Indian mongoose for rat control. Many extinction dates are unknown due to a lack of relevant information. Mammals (class Mammalia) Anteaters and sloths (order Pilosa) Antillian sloths (family Megalocnidae) Rodents (order Rodentia) Hamsters, voles, lemmings, muskrats, and New World rats and mice (family Cricetidae) Neotropical spiny rats (family Echimyidae) Possibly extinct Giant hutias (family Heptaxodontidae) Primates (order Primates) Titis, sakis, and uakaris (family Pitheciidae) True insectivores (order Eulipotyphla) West Indies shrews (family Nesophontidae) Solenodons (family Solenodontidae) Bats (order Chiroptera) Mustached, ghost-faced, and naked-backed bats (family Mormoopidae) Locally extinct Leaf-nosed bats (family Phyllostomidae) Locally extinct Carnivorans (order Carnivora) Earless seals (family Phocidae) Birds (class Aves) Nightjars (order Caprimulgiformes) Typical nightjars (family Caprimulgidae) Possibly extinct Swifts, treeswifts, and hummingbirds (order Apodiformes) Hummingbirds (family Trochillidae) Pigeons and doves (order Columbiformes) Pigeons and doves (family Columbidae) Rails and cranes (order Gruiformes) Rails (family Rallidae) Cranes (family Gruidae) Shorebirds (order Charadriiformes) Thick-knees (family Burhinidae) Locally extinct Sandpipers (family Scolopacidae) Possibly extinct Albatrosses and petrels (order Procellariiformes) Petrels and shearwaters (family Procellariidae) Possibly extinct Storks and allies (order Ciconiiformes) Storks (family Ciconiidae) Pelicans, herons, and ibises (order Pelecaniformes) Ibises and spoonbills (family Threskiornithidae) Herons (family Ardeidae) Locally extinct New World vultures (order Cathartiformes) New World vultures and condors (family Cathartidae) Teratorns (family Teratornithidae) Hawks and relatives (order Accipitriformes) Hawks, eagles, kites, harriers and Old World vultures (family", "title": "List of Antillian and Bermudan animals extinct in the Holocene" }, { "docid": "60889543", "text": "Riversleigh fauna is the collective term for any species of animal identified in fossil sites located in the Riversleigh World Heritage Area. Faunal zones The presence of the Riversleigh in the Oligo-Miocene has been exceptionally well preserved throughout a number of time periods. These has been classified by four \"faunal zones\", and may be summarised as, Faunal Zone A (FZA): late Oligocene, a period 23.03–28.4 million years before present Faunal Zone B (FZB): early Miocene, 15.97-23.03 myr Faunal Zone C (FZC): middle Miocene, 11.608-15.97 myr Faunal Zone D (FZD): late Miocene, 5.332-11.608 myr More recent fossil specimens has also been coded to the period of deposition, Pliocene (PLIO), a period 2.588-5.332 myr Pleistocene (PLEIS), 0.0117-2.588 myr Holocene, noted as (HOLO) to indicate the period dated as following the Pleistocene, from the present day to 11,700 years ago. Faunal lists The following are incomplete lists of mammals, birds, fish, and invertebrate species and genera included in the Riversleigh fauna, according to the compilation of taxa by researchers at the University of New South Wales and Queensland (wakaleo.net). A survey of species-level taxa described in the Riversleigh Fauna in the decades of research preceding 2006, resulted in a total greater than 290 species. The fauna of Riversleigh includes placental mammals, especially bats, and the various families of marsupials. Due to the novelty of some taxa discovered in the area, some species have been placed in tentative arrangements or unknown lineages placed as sometimes undescribed higher taxa. The Mammalia discovered at the site includes the Yingabalanaridae (weirdodonta) family, whose classification within the order is currently uncertain. Bats Brevipalatus mcculloughi Hand 2005, a hipposiderid bat, resembling the modern orange leaf-nosed Rhinonicteris aurantia Macroderma gigas a carnivorous bat, still living and known as the ghost bat Macroderma malugara a relation of the ghost bat, that existed in the middle Miocene Rhinonicteris tedfordi, a microbat. Marsupials and monotremes Badjcinus, a precursor of the thylacine Balbaroo, an ancient kangaroo Barinya, a carnivorous dasyuromorphian Bettongia, a rat-kangaroo Bulungamaya, an ancient kangaroo Bulungu, a mouse-sized insectivorous bandicoot Burramys, the mountain pygmy possum Cercartetus, an ancient possum Chunia, an ancient possum Crash, a bandicoot Djaludjangi, an ancient gliding possum Djilgaringa, an ancient possum Durudawiri, an ancient possum Ekaltadeta, a carnivorous rat-kangaroo Ektopodon, an ancient possum Galadi, a carnivorous bandicoot Galanarla, an ancient kangaroo Ganawamaya, an ancient kangaroo Ganbulanyi, a carnivorous dasyuromorphian Ganguroo, an ancient kangaroo Gawinga, an ancient ringtail possum Gumardee, a rat-kangaroo Hypsiprymnodon, a frugivorous rat-kangaroo Joculusium muizoni, a carnivorous dasyuromorphian Kuterintja, an extinct marsupial of the family Ilariidae Lekaneleo, a marsupial lion Litokoala, an ancient koala Malleodectes, a marsupial with snail eating dentition Marada (mammal), a sheep-like browser Marlu, an ancient ringtail possum Maximucinus, a precursor of the thylacine Mayigriphus, a carnivorous dasyuromorphian Muribacinus, a precursor of the thylacine Mutpuracinus, a precursor of the thylacine Nambaroo, an ancient kangaroo Namilamadeta, an extinct marsupial of the family Wynyardiidae Naraboryctes, a marsupial mole Neohelos, a sheep-like browser Ngamalacinus, a precursor of the thylacine Ngapakaldia, a marsupial tapir Nimbacinus, a precursor", "title": "Riversleigh fauna" } ]	[ "29" ]
train_45915	what is the name of the european weather model	[ { "docid": "9746768", "text": "The Global Environmental Multiscale Model (GEM), often known as the CMC model in North America, is an integrated forecasting and data assimilation system developed in the Recherche en Prévision Numérique (RPN), Meteorological Research Branch (MRB), and the Canadian Meteorological Centre (CMC). Along with the NWS's Global Forecast System (GFS), which runs out to 16 days, the ECMWF's Integrated Forecast System (IFS), which runs out 10 days, the Naval Research Laboratory Navy Global Environmental Model (NAVGEM), which runs out eight days, the UK Met Office's Unified Model, which runs out to seven days, and Deutscher Wetterdienst's ICON (ICOsahedral Nonhydrostatic), which runs out to 7.5 days, it is one of the global medium-range models in general use. Operation Deterministic model The GEM's operational model, known as the Global Deterministic Prediction System (GDPS), is currently operational for the global data assimilation cycle and medium-range forecasting, the regional data assimilation spin-up cycle and short-range forecasting. Mesoscale forecasts (distributed under the names regional deterministic prediction system or RDPS for the coarser mesh, available for all of North America and high-resolution deterministic prediction system or HRDPS for the finer mesh, available in Canada only) are produced overnight and are available to the operational forecasters. A growing number of meteorological applications are now either based on or use the GEM model. Output from the GEM goes out to 10 days, on par with the public output of the European Integrated Forecast System. Ensemble model The ensemble variant of the GEM is known as the Global Ensemble Prediction System (GEPS). It has 20 members (plus control) and runs out 16 days, the same range as the American global forecast system. The GEPS runs alongside the GFS ensemble to form the North American Ensemble Forecast System. A regional ensemble prediction system (REPS), covering North America and also having 20 members plus control, runs out 72 hours. Development The GEM model has been developed to meet the operational weather forecasting needs of Canada for the coming years. These presently include short-range regional forecasting, medium-range global forecasting, and data assimilation. In the future they will include nowcasting at the meso-scales, and dynamic extended-range forecasting on monthly to seasonal timescales. The essence of the approach is to develop a single highly efficient model that can be reconfigured at run time to either run globally at uniform-resolution (with possibly degraded resolution in the \"other\" hemisphere), or to run with variable resolution over a global domain such that high resolution is focused over an area of interest. Mechanics The operational GEM model dynamics is formulated in terms of the hydrostatic primitive equations with a terrain following pressure vertical coordinate (h). The time discretization is an implicit two-time-level semi-Lagrangian scheme. The spatial discretization is a Galerkin grid-point formulation on an Arakawa C-grid in the horizontal (lat-lon) and an unstaggered vertical discretization. The horizontal mesh can be of uniform or variable resolution, and furthermore can be arbitrarily rotated, the vertical mesh is also variable. The explicit horizontal diffusion is -2 on all prognostic variables. The operational", "title": "Global Environmental Multiscale Model" } ]	[ { "docid": "4320451", "text": "The 352d Tactical Fighter Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force fighter squadron. Its last assignment was with the 35th Tactical Fighter Wing at Phan Rang Air Base, South Vietnam, where it was inactivated on 31 July 1971. The first predecessor of the squadron was activated in 1943 as the 372d Fighter Squadron, which served as a Lockheed P-38 Lightning Replacement Training Unit until it was disbanded in 1944. The second predecessor of the squadron was the 652d Bombardment Squadron, which conducted weather reconnaissance in the European Theater of Operations. The 352d Fighter-Day Squadron was formed during the Cold War, the squadron was attached to NATO, and stood on alert during the Cuban Missile Crisis. Deployed to South Vietnam during the Vietnam War, the squadron fought with distinction. The squadron was inactivated there in 1971. History World War II Fighter replacement training The 372d Fighter Squadron was activated in early 1943 at March Field, California as one of the three original squadrons of the 360th Fighter Group, but moved on paper to Glendale Airport the same day. It operated as a Lockheed P-38 Lightning Replacement Training Unit (RTU). RTUs were oversized units which trained aircrews prior to their deployment to combat theaters. In January 1944 the squadron moved away from its parent group and established a separate RTU at Santa Maria Army Air Field, California. However, the Army Air Forces found that standard military units, based on relatively inflexible tables of organization were proving less well adapted to the training mission. Accordingly, a more functional system was adopted in which each base was organized into a separate numbered unit. This resulted in the 372d, along with other units at Santa Maria, being disbanded in the spring of 1944 and being replaced by the 440th AAF Base Unit (Fighter Replacement Training Unit, Twin Engine). Weather reconnaissance in the European Theater The second predecessor of the squadron was the 652d Bombardment Squadron, which conducted weather reconnaissance in the European Theater of Operations. The 652d Bombardment Squadron replaced what began as a provisional weather reconnaissance detachment that was formed on 31 August 1943 with Boeing B-17 Flying Fortresses, then transferred to RAF St Eval on 8 September 1943 to conduct meteorological fights over the Atlantic Ocean. On 25 October 1943 this provisional unit was formalized as Detachment A of the Combat Weather Detachment, 1st Combat Crew Replacement Center at RAF Bovingdon. On 23 November 1943 the detachment joined its parent at Bovingdon. On 28 March 1944 Eighth Air Force replaced the detachment with the 8th Weather Reconnaissance Squadron (Heavy) (Provisional). The squadron was one of the three squadrons of the 8th Reconnaissance Group (Provisional) (later the 802d Reconnaissance Group, Special (Provisional). In August 1944 Eighth Air Force replaced its provisional weather reconnaissance units with permanent ones and the 652d was activated. The 652d primarily flew B-17Gs, although at first it also had B-24Ds and B-24Hs. Its missions were long-range weather flights code named \"Epicure\" In which the aircraft flew a box pattern", "title": "352d Tactical Fighter Squadron" }, { "docid": "39957106", "text": "The Signal and the Noise: Why So Many Predictions Fail – but Some Don't is a 2012 book by Nate Silver detailing the art of using probability and statistics as applied to real-world circumstances. The book includes case studies from baseball, elections, climate change, the 2008 financial crash, poker, and weather forecasting. The book was the recipient of the 2013 Phi Beta Kappa Society book award in science. It has also been translated into several languages. Synopsis The book emphasizes Silver's skill, which is the practical art of mathematical model building using probability and statistics. Silver takes a big-picture approach to using statistical tools, combining sources of unique data (e.g., timing a minor league ball player's fastball using a radar gun), with historical data and principles of sound statistical analysis, many of which are violated by many pollsters and pundits who nonetheless have important media roles. The book includes richly detailed case studies from baseball, elections, climate change, the financial crash, poker, and weather forecasting. These different topics illustrate different statistical principles. For example, weather forecasting is used to introduce the idea of \"calibration,\" or how well weather forecasts fit actual weather outcomes. There is much on the need for improved expressions of uncertainty in all statistical statements, reflecting ranges of probable outcomes and not just single \"point estimates\" like averages. Silver would like to see the media move away from vague terminology like \"Obama has an edge in Ohio\" or \"Florida still a toss-up state\" to probability statements, like \"the probability of Obama winning the electoral college is 83%, while the expected fraction won by him of the popular vote is now 50.1% with an error range of ±2%\". Such statements give odds on outcomes, including a 17% chance of Romney winning the electoral college. The shares of the popular vote similarly are ranges including outcomes in which Romney gets the most votes. What is highly probable is that the voting shares are in these ranges, but not whose share is highest; that's another probability question with closer odds. From such information, it's up to the consumer of such statements to use that information as best they can in dealing with an uncertain future in an age of information overload. That last idea frames Silver's entire narrative and motivates his pedagogical mission. Silver rejects much ideology taught with statistical method in colleges and universities today, specifically the \"frequentist\" approach of Ronald Fisher, originator of many classical statistical tests and methods. The problem Silver finds is a belief in perfect experimental, survey, or other designs, when data often comes from a variety of sources and idealized modeling assumptions rarely hold true. Often such models reduce complex questions to overly simple \"hypothesis tests\" using arbitrary \"significance levels\" to \"accept or reject\" a single parameter value. In contrast, the practical statistician first needs a sound understanding of how baseball, poker, elections or other uncertain processes work, what measures are reliable and which not, what scales of aggregation are useful, and then to", "title": "The Signal and the Noise" }, { "docid": "35632302", "text": "Forecast verification is a subfield of the climate, atmospheric and ocean sciences dealing with validating, verifying and determining the predictive power of prognostic model forecasts. Because of the complexity of these models, forecast verification goes a good deal beyond simple measures of statistical association or mean error calculations. Defining the problem To determine the value of a forecast, we need to measure it against some baseline, or minimally accurate forecast. There are many types of forecast that, while producing impressive-looking skill scores, are nonetheless naive. A \"persistence\" forecast can still rival even those of the most sophisticated models. An example is: \"What is the weather going to be like today? Same as it was yesterday.\" This could be considered analogous to a \"control\" experiment. Another example would be a climatological forecast: \"What is the weather going to be like today? The same as it was, on average, for all the previous days this time of year for the past 75 years\". The second example suggests a good method of normalizing a forecast before applying any skill measure. Most weather situations will cycle, since the Earth is forced by a highly regular energy source. A numerical weather model must accurately model both the seasonal cycle and (if finely resolved enough) the diurnal cycle. This output, however, adds no information content, since the same cycles are easily predicted from climatological data. Climatological cycles may be removed from both the model output and the \"truth\" data. Thus, the skill score, applied afterward, is more meaningful. One way of thinking about it is, \"how much does the forecast reduce our uncertainty?\" Christensen et al. (1981) used entropy minimax entropy minimax pattern discovery based on information theory to advance the science of long range weather prediction. Previous computer models of weather were based on persistence alone and reliable to only 5–7 days into the future. Long range forecasting was essentially random. Christensen et al. demonstrated the ability to predict the probability that precipitation will be below or above average with modest but statistically significant skill one, two and even three years into the future. Notably, this pioneering work discovered the influence of El Nino El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on U.S. weather forecasting. Tang et al. (2005) used the conditional entropy to characterize the uncertainty of ensemble predictions of the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO): where p is the ensemble distribution and q is the climatological distribution. Further information The World Meteorological Organization maintains a webpage on forecast verification. For more in-depth information on how to verify forecasts see the book by Jolliffe and Stephenson or the book chapter by Daniel Wilks. References External links NWS Glossary of Forecast Verification Metrics (U.S.) NWS Verification Home (U.S.) National Hurricane Center Forecast Verification Weather forecasting", "title": "Forecast verification" }, { "docid": "4812886", "text": "A Gaussian grid is used in the earth sciences as a gridded horizontal coordinate system for scientific modeling on a sphere (i.e., the approximate shape of the Earth). The grid is rectangular, with a set number of orthogonal coordinates (usually latitude and longitude). At a given latitude (or parallel), the gridpoints are equally spaced. On the contrary along a longitude (or meridian) the gridpoints are unequally spaced. The spacing between grid points is defined by Gaussian quadrature. By contrast, in the \"normal\" geographic latitude-longitude grid, gridpoints are equally spaced along both latitudes and longitudes. Gaussian grids also have no grid points at the poles. In a regular Gaussian grid, the number of gridpoints along the longitudes is constant, usually double the number along the latitudes. In a reduced (or thinned) Gaussian grid, the number of gridpoints in the rows decreases towards the poles, which keeps the gridpoint separation approximately constant across the sphere. Examples of Gaussian grids CCCma global climate models of climate change [96×48] [128×64] European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts 192×96 320×160 512×256 640×320 800×400 1024×512 1600×800 2048×1024 2560×1280 Features for ERA-40 grids See also Global climate model Spectral method Spherical harmonics References NCAR Command Language documentation W.M. Washington and C.L. Parkinson, 2005. An Introduction to Three-Dimensional Climate Modeling. Sausalito, CA, University Science Books. 368 pp. Hortal, Mariano, and A. J. Simmons, 1991. Use of reduced Gaussian grids in spectral models. Monthly Weather Review 119.4 : 1057-1074. Geodesy Geographic coordinate systems", "title": "Gaussian grid" }, { "docid": "63085960", "text": "Storm Dennis was a European windstorm which, in February 2020, became one of the most intense extratropical cyclones ever recorded, reaching a minimum central pressure of . The thirteenth named storm of the 2019–20 European windstorm season, Dennis affected the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom less than a week after Storm Ciara, exacerbating the impacts from that storm amidst ongoing flooding in the latter country. A precursor low over North America was named by The Weather Channel, which unofficially named it Mabel, moving eastwards across the southern United States. After bringing blizzard conditions to the Midwest and heavy snowfall to New England, the cyclone emerged into the north Atlantic, where it redeveloped into Storm Dennis, officially named by the Met Office on 11 February – Dennis subsequently underwent explosive cyclogenesis on 13 February, reaching its near-record low pressure south of Iceland the following day. Destructive winds and heavy rainfall moved south into the British Isles over the weekend of 15–16 February as Dennis passed north of Scotland; the storm subsequently began to weaken, making landfall in Norway the following day. At least five fatalities have been recorded from Storm Dennis as of 18 February in the United Kingdom. Heavy rainfall caused severe flooding in Wales and southern England, with many rivers reaching their highest levels ever recorded. Further flooding was also reported in areas of northern England that had been inundated by Storm Ciara the previous weekend. Meteorological history Alongside their meteorological companions in the United States, the Met Office in the United Kingdom also began issuing warnings for the storm well in advance, based on strong certainty in forecasts across weather models – Storm Dennis was officially named on 11 February, while it was still located over the southern United States and before any meaningful intensification had yet taken place; at the same time, severe weather warnings were issued across the United Kingdom for the coming weekend. The cyclone moved across the Great Lakes and into New England before exiting into the north Atlantic by midday on 13 February. After drifting northeastwards parallel to the coast of Atlantic Canada, Dennis accelerated into the open Atlantic on 14 February, undergoing explosive intensification at the same time. The central pressure of Dennis dropped by 84 millibars over 54 hours, an incredibly fast rate for an extratropical cyclone. By 15 February, as Dennis stalled to the south of Iceland, it had a near-record central low pressure of and winds gusting up to offshore. After performing a tight anticyclonic loop off the coast of Iceland under the influence of the Fujiwhara effect from a second, weaker low to the west, Dennis accelerated briskly southeastwards and began to weaken, with the centre passing north of Scotland on 16 February before making landfall in Norway on 17 February. Preparations Weather warnings in the United Kingdom Weather warnings in the United Kingdom are issued by the Met Office. A red weather warning for rain, the highest level, was issued for parts of South Wales", "title": "Storm Dennis" }, { "docid": "36560772", "text": "Melissa Martínez, (full name: Melissa Maria Margarita Martinez Romero; born on November 14, 1979, in Barranquilla), is a Colombian-born American actress and hostess. Early life She was born in Barranquilla, Colombia, daughter of Nelly Romero Sosa journalist, actress and radio personality, and Guillermo Martinez Navarro journalist and radio personality as well. she began her interest in the artistic industry at 8 years old, when her mom took her to be part of the scene of the comedy TV show she was acting in barranquilla town, called \" Que Sainete\". Since then Martínez participated in plays, dance shows, choir, and the school orquestra as a lead singer. She attended catholic school and graduated from Social Communications and journalism at Uniatonoma del Caribe University in her home town. . Career Martínez has made numerous television appearance as herself. From 1998 through 2000 at the same time that Martínez was studying social communication she was working as a lead actress in the comedy show called Cual es la Vaina (What is the Matter) in Barranquilla, Colombia. 2007, she worked as a co-host and model for the Telemundo show Buena Fortuna on Telemundo. In the same year she was named Miss Congeniality at the Long Beach Grand Prix in Long Beach, California. 2008, Martínez had a supporting role in the film The Crown Underneath Her Feet. 2009, she starred in the film Life vs Death. In the same year, she shot a comedy pilot for NBC called The Good Life and was the weather girl on Canal 22 (Channel 22), a Spanish TV station in Los Angeles. 2011, appeared as the lead actress and model in the Mexican singer Cristian Castro's music video \"Lo Dudo\". 2012, Martínez hosted a mystical and Entertainment national show on LATV. Currently, Martínez is doing what she loves the most, Comedy in the national TV show El Pelado de la Noche on Azteca America Filmography References External links Melissa Martinez is a weather girl on Canal 22 Melissa Martinez actress and model for music video Lo Dudo Melissa Martinez hosted Astroloko on LATV El Pelado de la Noche on Azteca America 21st-century American actresses American female models Hispanic and Latino American actresses Living people Actors from Barranquilla 1979 births Colombian emigrants to the United States American film actresses", "title": "Melissa Martínez" }, { "docid": "19050654", "text": "MeteoGroup was a private weather forecasting organisation based in Europe, with offices in Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, the Philippines, Poland, Singapore, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom, and the United States. MeteoGroup provided weather information to markets that included transport, marine, agriculture, energy and the media. MeteoGroup had a portfolio of weather apps: WeatherPro, MeteoEarth and Magical Weather. In 2013, MeteoGroup was acquired by General Atlantic. In 2018, MeteoGroup was acquired by TBG AG. In November 2019, MeteoGroup was integrated into US weather services company DTN (also owned by TBG). History In 1986, Meteo Consult B.V, was set up in the Netherlands by Harry Otten, a Dutch TV weather presenter. It was one of the first European private-sector weather businesses. At that time, the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute dominated all the Dutch markets and access by private companies to essential meteorological data and models was severely restricted. Meteo Consult lobbied the Government of the Netherlands for fair and equal data access, and for the opening of weather markets to the private sector. As a result, Meteo Consult grew in both the media and B2B markets. Initial European expansion In the early 1990s Meteo Consult started expanding outside of the Netherlands and also into marine services. The company began working with a major international energy and petrochemical company to develop an on-board routing system for the shipping market. SPOS, its proprietary weather routing system, is now a market leader and is installed on over 2,000 vessels worldwide. In 1993 Meteo Consult set up its first business outside the Netherlands when a joint venture for the German market was established in Berlin. In 1998 the joint venture came to an end and its wholly owned German subsidiary MC-Wetter was established. Joint venture with PA Further European expansion quickly followed. In 1996 Meteo Consult became a majority shareholder in Meteo Services in Belgium (now MeteoGroup Belgium) and in 1997 a joint venture was established with the Press Association in the UK - PA WeatherCentre. In 1998 Meteo Consult acquired a majority shareholding in MeteoGraphics, a graphics business specialising in visualising weather. Also based in Berlin, MeteoGraphics works closely with the German subsidiary of MeteoGroup. In May 2005, a majority shareholding in Meteo Consult B.V was acquired by the PA Group, an international group of news, containing information and communications businesses which include the Press Association, the national news agency of the UK and Ireland. The Press Association and Meteo Consult had worked together since 1997 in a successful joint venture in the UK, PA WeatherCentre Ltd, now MeteoGroup UK, combining the meteorological skills of Meteo Consult with the packaging and delivery skills of the Press Association. This acquisition broadened PA Group's diversified information services for international markets, helping the company to enter new markets. Rebranding as MeteoGroup In September 2006, the business was re-branded as MeteoGroup, which brought together all its businesses under a single brand. Meteo Consult has retained its original brand name alongside the strapline 'A", "title": "MeteoGroup" }, { "docid": "2451045", "text": "Ensemble forecasting is a method used in or within numerical weather prediction. Instead of making a single forecast of the most likely weather, a set (or ensemble) of forecasts is produced. This set of forecasts aims to give an indication of the range of possible future states of the atmosphere. Ensemble forecasting is a form of Monte Carlo analysis. The multiple simulations are conducted to account for the two usual sources of uncertainty in forecast models: (1) the errors introduced by the use of imperfect initial conditions, amplified by the chaotic nature of the evolution equations of the atmosphere, which is often referred to as sensitive dependence on initial conditions; and (2) errors introduced because of imperfections in the model formulation, such as the approximate mathematical methods to solve the equations. Ideally, the verified future atmospheric state should fall within the predicted ensemble spread, and the amount of spread should be related to the uncertainty (error) of the forecast. In general, this approach can be used to make probabilistic forecasts of any dynamical system, and not just for weather prediction. Instances Today ensemble predictions are commonly made at most of the major operational weather prediction facilities worldwide, including: National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP of the US) European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) United Kingdom Met Office Météo-France Environment Canada Japan Meteorological Agency Bureau of Meteorology (Australia) China Meteorological Administration (CMA) Korea Meteorological Administration CPTEC (Brazil) Ministry of Earth Sciences (IMD, IITM & NCMRWF) (India) Experimental ensemble forecasts are made at a number of universities, such as the University of Washington, and ensemble forecasts in the US are also generated by the US Navy and Air Force. There are various ways of viewing the data such as spaghetti plots, ensemble means or Postage Stamps where a number of different results from the models run can be compared. History As proposed by Edward Lorenz in 1963, it is impossible for long-range forecasts—those made more than two weeks in advance—to predict the state of the atmosphere with any degree of skill owing to the chaotic nature of the fluid dynamics equations involved. Furthermore, existing observation networks have limited spatial and temporal resolution (for example, over large bodies of water such as the Pacific Ocean), which introduces uncertainty into the true initial state of the atmosphere. While a set of equations, known as the Liouville equations, exists to determine the initial uncertainty in the model initialization, the equations are too complex to run in real-time, even with the use of supercomputers. The practical importance of ensemble forecasts derives from the fact that in a chaotic and hence nonlinear system, the rate of growth of forecast error is dependent on starting conditions. An ensemble forecast therefore provides a prior estimate of state-dependent predictability, i.e. an estimate of the types of weather that might occur, given inevitable uncertainties in the forecast initial conditions and in the accuracy of the computational representation of the equations. These uncertainties limit forecast model accuracy to about six days", "title": "Ensemble forecasting" }, { "docid": "4103640", "text": "Probabilistic forecasting summarizes what is known about, or opinions about, future events. In contrast to single-valued forecasts (such as forecasting that the maximum temperature at a given site on a given day will be 23 degrees Celsius, or that the result in a given football match will be a no-score draw), probabilistic forecasts assign a probability to each of a number of different outcomes, and the complete set of probabilities represents a probability forecast. Thus, probabilistic forecasting is a type of probabilistic classification. Weather forecasting represents a service in which probability forecasts are sometimes published for public consumption, although it may also be used by weather forecasters as the basis of a simpler type of forecast. For example, forecasters may combine their own experience together with computer-generated probability forecasts to construct a forecast of the type \"we expect heavy rainfall\". Sports betting is another field of application where probabilistic forecasting can play a role. The pre-race odds published for a horse race can be considered to correspond to a summary of bettors' opinions about the likely outcome of a race, although this needs to be tempered with caution as bookmakers' profits needs to be taken into account. In sports betting, probability forecasts may not be published as such, but may underlie bookmakers' activities in setting pay-off rates, etc. Weather forecasting Probabilistic forecasting is used in a weather forecasting in a number of ways. One of the simplest is the publication of about rainfall in the form of a probability of precipitation. Ensembles The probability information is typically derived by using several numerical model runs, with slightly varying initial conditions. This technique is usually referred to as ensemble forecasting by an Ensemble Prediction System (EPS). EPS does not produce a full forecast probability distribution over all possible events, and it is possible to use purely statistical or hybrid statistical/numerical methods to do this. For example, temperature can take on a theoretically infinite number of possible values (events); a statistical method would produce a distribution assigning a probability value to every possible temperature. Implausibly high or low temperatures would then have close to zero probability values. If it were possible to run the model for every possible set of initial conditions, each with an associated probability, then according to how many members (i.e., individual model runs) of the ensemble predict a certain event, one could compute the actual conditional probability of the given event. In practice, forecasters try to guess a small number of perturbations (usually around 20) that they deem are most likely to yield distinct weather outcomes. Two common techniques for this purpose are breeding vectors (BV) and singular vectors (SV). This technique is not guaranteed to yield an ensemble distribution identical to the actual forecast distribution, but attaining such probabilistic information is one goal of the choice of initial perturbations. Other variants of ensemble forecasting systems that have no immediate probabilistic interpretation include those that assemble the forecasts produced by different numerical weather prediction systems. Examples Canada has been", "title": "Probabilistic forecasting" }, { "docid": "40038536", "text": "The European Storm Forecast Experiment, known as ESTOFEX, is an initiative of a team of European meteorologists, and students in meteorology founded in 2002. It serves as a platform for exchange of knowledge about forecasting severe convective storms in Europe and elsewhere. It is a voluntary organisation and is currently unfunded. It aims to raise awareness and provide real-time education about severe weather forecasting. ESTOFEX issues storm warnings on a daily basis. It also collects reports from the general public about severe convective weather incidents in order to validate its forecasts. Reports should be submitted to the European Severe Weather Database (ESWD). ESTOFEX forecasts are published under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 license. Its definitions of severe convective weather phenomena are one or several of the following : severe: hail with a diameter of at least , tornado, wind gusts with a speed of at least , excessive rainfall of at least . extremely severe : hail with a diameter of at least , wind gusts with a speed of at least , a tornado of F2 intensity or higher on the Fujita scale. As an organization that is more focused on operational meteorology, i.e. weather forecasting, ESTOFEX functions somewhat as a counterpart to the US Storm Prediction Center (SPC). The research oriented correlate is the European Severe Storms Laboratory (ESSL) which itself is modeled somewhat after the US National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL), with both US counterparts enjoying stronger institutional support as long-time governmental entities. References External links ESTOFEX homepage European research networks Weather forecasting Meteorological organizations", "title": "European Storm Forecast Experiment" }, { "docid": "30865168", "text": "The Springfield Model 1855 was a rifled musket widely used in the American Civil War. It exploited the advantages of the new conical Minié ball, which could be deadly at over . It was a standard infantry weapon for Union and Confederates alike, until the Springfield Model 1861 supplanted it, obviating the use of the insufficiently weather resistant Maynard tape primer. Origins The Model 1855 Springfield was a rifled musket used in the mid-19th century. It was manufactured by the Springfield Armory in Massachusetts and at the Harpers Ferry Armory in Virginia (modern-day West Virginia) along with the Whitney Armory. Earlier muskets had mostly been smoothbore flintlocks. In the 1840s, the unreliable flintlocks had been replaced by much more reliable and weather resistant percussion locks. The smoothbore barrel and inaccurate round ball were also being replaced by rifled barrels and the newly invented Minié ball. While older muskets had an effective range of about , the Model 1855 had an effective range of and was deadly to over . Following Pattern 1853 Enfield and the Lorenz rifle, barrel on the Model 1855 was .58 caliber, which was smaller than previous muskets. The Springfield Model 1816 and all of its derivatives up through the Springfield Model 1842 had been .69 caliber, about the same as all European muskets since 18th century, but tests conducted by the U.S. Army showed that the smaller .58 caliber was more accurate when used with a Minié ball. The Model 1855 also used the Maynard tape primer, which was an attempt at improving the percussion cap system that had been previously developed. Instead of using individual caps which had to be placed for every shot, the Maynard system used a tape which was automatically fed every time the hammer was cocked, similar to the way a modern child's cap gun works. While the powder and Minié ball still had to be loaded conventionally, the tape system was designed to automate the placing of the percussion cap and therefore speed up the overall rate of fire of the weapon. The Maynard tape system gave the Model 1855 a unique hump under the rifled musket's hammer. The weapon could also be primed in the usual way with standard percussion caps if the tape was unavailable. The Secretary of War at the time Jefferson Davis authorized the adoption of the Maynard system for the Model 1855. In the field, the Maynard tape primer proved to be unreliable. Tests conducted between 1859 and 1860 found that half of the primers misfired, and also reported that the tape primer springs did not feed well. The greatest problem was the actual tape itself. Despite being advertised as waterproof, the paper strips proved to be susceptible to moisture. An attempt was made to remedy this problem by making the tape primers out of foil, but despite the improvement this brought, the United States Army Ordnance Department abandoned the Maynard system and went back to the standard percussion lock in later rifled muskets like", "title": "Springfield Model 1855" }, { "docid": "72437322", "text": "Meteomatics AG is a private Swiss weather technology company headquartered in St. Gallen. Meteomatics was founded by German mathematician Dr. Martin Fengler in 2012. With a weather model of over 1,800 parameters and a horizontal resolution of 90 meters, it is the largest private meteorological company. Meteomatics manufactures weather drones that fly up to 6 km to collect data from the mid and low levels of the atmosphere. The company also provides meteorological consulting services and forecast and historical weather data through an API. In 2022, Meteomatics launched EURO1k, a weather model that covers Europe with a resolution of 1 km. Technology Meteodrones Meteomatics started developing Meteodrones, which are weather drones, in 2013. Meteodrones are small flying weather stations capable of gathering pressure, temperature, humidity, wind direction, and wind speed in the lower 6 km of the atmosphere. Whilst remotely sensed data from satellites, radar and ceilometers are available for this altitude range, in situ observations are considered the most reliable by meteorologists. Operational challenges associated with aircraft missions (which are expensive and hence sporadic) and radiosondes (which cannot be controlled during flight) leave an in situ observational gap to be filled. Meteodrones measure vertical profiles at a single location, collecting temperature, humidity, barometric pressure, and wind data. Heated rotor systems prevent propeller icing, which allows equipped drones to fly through fog, clouds, and rain. The drone flights can be carried out manually or autonomously from a container equipped with recharging capabilities. Campaigns in association with the Federal Office for Meteorology and Climatology (MeteoSwiss) have demonstrated the feasibility of assimilating drone measurement data into a regional weather model. In 2015, the Swiss Federal Office of Civil Aviation granted Meteomatics permission to fly Meteodrones within clouds and fog, to operate beyond visual line of sight, and to fly up to 6 km above ground level. The Meteodrone is the first weather drone used operationally in the United States. They have been used by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to support the early detection of tornadoes and severe thunderstorms in the United States,,. They are also used to increase flight time of uncrewed aircraft systems by Grand Forks Air Force Base. In October 2022, the Swiss Museum of Transport in Lucerne added the SUI-9999 Meteodrone to its permanent Aviation exhibition. Weather API Meteomatics provides global forecast and historical weather data through a RESTful API and a WMS/WFS-compatible interface. The Swiss broadcasting company SRF and the German weather forecasting website www.wetter.de use Meteomatics’ weather data to inform its weather forecasts. European Weather Model–EURO1k In October 2022, Meteomatics presented its European weather model, EURO1k, at the Meteorological Technology World Expo. EURO1k covers the European continent with a resolution of 1 km. References Meteorological companies", "title": "Meteomatics" }, { "docid": "8690651", "text": "Met Éireann (; meaning \"Met of Ireland\") is the state meteorological service of Ireland, part of the Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage. History The history of modern meteorology in Ireland dates back to 8 October 1860, when the first weather observations were transmitted from Valentia Observatory on Valentia Island in County Kerry to the British Meteorological Office. A network of weather stations was established around the coasts of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Following the independence of most of Ireland as the Irish Free State in December 1922, the new Free State continued to rely on the British Met Office for weather services, and the Met Office continued to administer the weather stations around the Free State. With the advent of transatlantic air services in the 1930s, it was decided that Ireland needed its own weather service to provide detailed aviation weather reports. In 1936, the Irish Meteorological Service was set up, with its headquarters in St. Andrew's Street, Dublin. In 1937, it took over the network of weather stations from the British Met Office. On the date of transfer, the Irish weather observation network consisted of the following stations: Valentia Observatory, then the only permanently staffed weather station 4 telegraphic stations (at Malin Head, Blacksod Point, Roche's Point and Birr) 18 climatological stations 172 rainfall stations At first, the new weather service was bolstered by Met Office employees seconded from London, but by 1941 they were able to depend on their own resources. During 'the Emergency' (as the Second World War was referred to in the neutral part of Ireland), the Irish Meteorological Service supplied the Allies with weather information despite the official neutrality of Ireland. The decision to go ahead with the D-day landings was made following a favourable weather report from the Blacksod Point weather station in County Mayo. The service expanded rapidly in the post-war years, with its headquarters relocating to O'Connell Street, opposite The Gresham Hotel in Dublin. The service began supplying forecasts to Radio Éireann from 1948, to daily newspapers from 1952, to television from shortly after the first Raidió Teilifís Éireann (RTÉ) television broadcasts in 1962, and recorded telephone forecasts in the 1960s. Ireland joined the World Meteorological Organisation in the 1950s, and was a founder member of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts in 1975 and EUMETSAT in 1983. In 1979, the service moved to new purpose-built premises in Glasnevin, Dublin, designed by Liam McCormick (primarily known for his ecclesiastical buildings in Ulster). In 1996 the service was renamed to Met Éireann. Met Éireann launched their first website in 2001. In addition to the website they now also have Mobile Apps for Android and iOS developed by FUSIO. Activities Forecasting methodology Met Éireann uses the HIRLAM weather model for short-term forecasts (up to 48 hours). This model is developed cooperatively by multiple European weather services. Met Éireann runs a 10 km resolution HIRLAM model four times daily. The operational running of this model has been managed", "title": "Met Éireann" }, { "docid": "6500815", "text": "The Weather Eye was a trade name for a Nash Motors-designed fresh-air system for automobile passenger compartment heating, cooling, and ventilating. The Nash \"All-Weather Eye\" was the first automobile air conditioning system for the mass market. The use of the Weather Eye name for automobile passenger heating and air conditioning systems continued in American Motors Corporation (AMC) vehicles. The design principles of the Nash Weather Eye system are now in use by nearly every motor vehicle. Conditioned Air System In 1938, Nash Motors developed the first automobile heater warmed by hot engine cooling water and using fresh air. This \"Conditioned Air System\" is characterized by a cowl-mounted outside air receiver that passes fresh air through a heater core utilizing hot engine coolant for a heat source. The Nash system also pioneered the use of slight pressurization within the passenger compartment to eliminate the infiltration of cold outside air during winter use. This was a fan-boosted filtered ventilation and heating for the passengers, not the modern meaning of an \"air conditioning\" system. Nash was also the first automobile to make use of a disposable filter in the air-intake to clean incoming air. This was the first car heater that used fresh air from the outside, and it was advertised as \"No dust to soil or spoil your trip! Nash's automatic 'Weather Eye' gives you fresh air, free of dust…rain….insects…chilling drafts!\" The Nash system was a significant advancement compared to what was used up to that time: heating by recirculating the air inside the car. Nash also promoted the system's safety feature in eliminating the dangers of carbon monoxide. A concurrent development, the Evanair-Conditioner was made by Evans Products Company as an aftermarket accessory and also available by Hupmobile on their 1938 and 1939 model cars. Weather Eye In 1939, Nash added a thermostat to its system, making it the first thermostatic automobile climate control system. The Weather Eye \"was the first truly good heating and ventilating system.\" Additionally, defoggers (defrosters) were incorporated with the introduction of the 3900 series cars that year. Nils Eric Wahlberg designed the Nash HVAC system, which continues to be the basis for modern automobiles. Nash included the first automatic temperature control for the air side of the heating system, with the thermostat sensing the temperatures of the incoming outside air, the heater's discharge, and the interior of the car; so that a change in any of these three air temperatures resulted in an automatic adjustment to maintain passenger comfort. Nash's Conditioned Air System heater was then marketed as the \"Weather Eye\", and consumer sales literature explained that the thermostat's \"mechanical eye\" watched the weather, hence the name. All-Weather Eye In 1954, Nash-Kelvinator capitalized on its experience in refrigeration to introduce the automobile industry's first compact and affordable single-unit heating and air conditioning system optional for all Nash Ambassador, Statesman, and Rambler models. It was a true vapor-compression refrigeration system with a compact under the hood and cowl area installation. Combining heating, cooling, and ventilating, the new", "title": "Weather Eye" }, { "docid": "67545702", "text": "Exometeorology is the study of atmospheric conditions of exoplanets and other non-stellar celestial bodies outside the Solar System, such as brown dwarfs. The diversity of possible sizes, compositions, and temperatures for exoplanets (and brown dwarfs) leads to a similar diversity of theorized atmospheric conditions. However, exoplanet detection technology has only recently developed enough to allow direct observation of exoplanet atmospheres, so there is currently very little observational data about meteorological variations in those atmospheres. Observational and theoretical foundations Modeling and theoretical foundations Climate models have been used to study Earth's climate since the 1960s and other planets in our solar system since the 1990s. Once exoplanets were discovered, those same models were used to investigate the climates of planets such as Proxima Centauri b and the now-refuted Gliese 581g. These studies simulated what atmospheric pressures and compositions are necessary to maintain liquid water on each terrestrial exoplanet's surface, given their orbital distances and rotation periods. Climate models have also been used to study the possible atmospheres of the Hot Jupiter HD 209458b, the Hot Neptune GJ 1214b, and Kepler-1649b, a theorized Venus analog. These models assume that the exoplanet in question has an atmosphere in order to determine its climate. Without an atmosphere, the only temperature variations on the planet's surface would be due to insolation from its star. Additionally, the main causes of weather - air pressure and air temperature differences which drive winds and the motion of air masses - can only exist in an environment with a significant atmosphere, as opposed to a tenuous and, consequently, rather static atmosphere, like that of Mercury. Thus, the existence of exometeorological weather (as opposed to space weather) on an exoplanet depends on whether it has an atmosphere at all. Recent discoveries and observational foundations The first exoplanet atmosphere ever observed was that of HD 209458b, a Hot Jupiter orbiting a G-type star similar in size and mass to our sun. Its atmosphere was discovered by spectroscopy; as the planet transited its star, its atmosphere absorbed some of the star's light according to the detectable absorption spectrum of sodium in the planet's atmosphere. While the presence of sodium was later refuted, that discovery paved the way for many other exoplanet atmospheres to be observed and measured. Recently, terrestrial exoplanets have had their atmospheres observed; in 2017, astronomers using a telescope at the European Southern Observatory (ESO) in Chile found an atmosphere on earth-sized exoplanet Gliese 1132 b. However, measuring traditional meteorological variations in an exoplanet's atmosphere — such as precipitation or cloud coverage — is more difficult than observing just the atmosphere, due to the limited resolutions of current telescopes. That said, some exoplanets have shown atmospheric variations when observed at different times and other evidence of active weather. For example, an international team of astronomers in 2012 observed variations in hydrogen escape speeds from the atmosphere of HD 189733 b using the Hubble Space Telescope. Additionally, HD 189733 b and Tau Boötis Ab have their hottest surface temperatures displaced eastward", "title": "Exometeorology" }, { "docid": "2019182", "text": "Deep Thunder is a research project by IBM that aims to improve short-term local weather forecasting through the use of high-performance computing. It is part of IBM's Deep Computing initiative that also produced the Deep Blue chess computer. Deep Thunder is intended to provide local, high-resolution weather predictions customized to weather-sensitive specific business operations. For example, it could be used to predict the wind velocity at an Olympic diving platform, destructive thunderstorms, and combined with other physical models to predict where there will be flooding, damaged power lines and algal blooms. The project is now headquartered at IBM's Thomas J. Watson Research Center in Yorktown Heights, New York. History The Deep Thunder project is headed by Lloyd Treinish, who joined IBM in 1990, after working for 12 years at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. The project began in 1995 as an outgrowth of a project designed to help provide accurate weather forecasts for the 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games. In collaboration with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, IBM scientists built one of the first parallel processing supercomputers to be used for weather modeling, based on the IBM RS/6000 SP. It was installed at the National Weather Service office in Peachtree City, Georgia, in 1996, where it ran for several months and produced multiple forecasts daily. After a few years of development, the team set up an implementation in New York City in 2001 to test the project. The group is currently working on establishing the Rio de Janeiro operations center. The name Deep Thunder arose after the IBM Deep Blue system played and defeated the world chess champion Garry Kasparov in May, 1997. In the following November, a journalist used the name Deep Thunder in an article, which stuck with the developers. Current members of Deep Thunder are Lloyd Treinish, Anthony Praino, Campbell Watson and Mukul Tewari. Technology Deep Thunder uses a 3D telescoping grid where data from one model feeds into another and is verified with historical data. For example, they start with a global model from NOAA, and as they zoom in the resolution decreases exponentially, down to models with resolutions of 1 kilometer, and sometimes as small as 1 meter. Using this method, IBM can cut down on the amount of processing required. IBM uses many sources of data to feed Deep Thunder, including public satellite sources, and many other private sources, as well as whatever local sensors and data a location, may have. The Watson computer system will be used to generate the Deep Thunder weather forecasts. Input data will be collected from over 200,000 Weather Underground personal weather stations, weather satellite data, smartphone barometer and data from other sources. Applications Utility Companies IBM worked with a North American utility company that has over 90,000 poles, wires, and transformers to develop a prediction service that can pinpoint where incoming storms will bring down trees and power lines. The service can be used to call in the needed number of repair crews and station them near where", "title": "IBM Deep Thunder" }, { "docid": "18077896", "text": "The Global Energy and Water Exchanges Project (abbreviated GEWEX, formerly named the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment from 1990 to 2012) is an international research project and a core project of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP). In the beginning, the project intended to observe, comprehend and model the Earth's water cycle. The experiment also observes how much energy the Earth receives, and studies how much of that energy reaches the surfaces of the Earth and how that energy is transformed. Sunlight's energy evaporates water to produce clouds and rain and dries out land masses after rain. Rain that falls on land becomes the water budget which can be used by people for agricultural and other processes. GEWEX is a collaboration of researchers worldwide to find better ways of studying the water cycle and how it transforms energy through the atmosphere. If the Earth's climates were identical from year to year, then people could predict when, where and what crops to plant. However, the instability created by solar variation, weather trends, and chaotic events creates weather that is unpredictable on seasonal scales. Through weather patterns such as droughts and higher rainfall these cycles impact ecosystems and human activities. GEWEX is designed to collect a much greater amount of data, and see if better models of that data can forecast weather and climate change into the future. Project structures GEWEX is organized into several structures. As GEWEX was conceived projects were organized by participating factions, this task is now done by the International GEWEX Project Office (IGPO). IGPO oversees major initiatives and coordinates between national projects in an effort to bring about communication between researchers. IGPO claims to support communication exchange between 2000 scientist and is the instrument for publication of major reports. The Scientific Steering Group organizes the projects and assigns them to panels, which oversee progress and provide critique. The Coordinated Energy and Water Cycle Observations Project (CEOP) the 'Hydrology Project' is a major instrument in GEWEX. This panel includes geographic study areas such as the Climate Prediction Program for the Americas operated by NOAA, but also examines several types of climate zones (e.g. high altitude and semi-arid). Another panel, the GEWEX Radiation Panel oversees the coordinated use of satellites and ground-based observation to better estimate energy and water fluxes. One recent result GEWEX's Radiation panel has assessed data on rainfall for the last 25 years and determined that global rainfall is 2.61 mm/day with a small statistical variation. While the study period is short, after 25 years of measurement regional trends are beginning to appear. The GEWEX Modeling and Prediction Panel takes current models and analyzes the models when climate forcing phenomena occur (global warming as an example of a 'climate forcing' event). GEWEX is now the core project of WCRP. Goals and design Predicting weather change requires accurate data that is collected over many years, and the application of models. GEWEX was conceived to respond to the need for observations of the Earth's radiation budget and", "title": "Global Energy and Water Exchanges" }, { "docid": "18615870", "text": "The Unified Model is a numerical weather prediction and climate modeling software suite originally developed by the United Kingdom Met Office, and now both used and further developed by many weather-forecasting agencies around the world. The Unified Model gets its name because a single model is used across a range of both timescales (nowcasting to centennial) and spatial scales (convective scale to climate system earth modelling). The models are grid-point based, rather than wave based, and are run on a variety of supercomputers around the world. The Unified Model atmosphere can be coupled to a number of ocean models. At the Met Office it is used for the main suite of Global Model, North Atlantic and Europe model (NAE) and a high-resolution UK model (UKV), in addition to a variety of Crisis Area Models and other models that can be run on demand. Similar Unified Model suites with global and regional domains are used by many other national or military weather agencies around the world for operational forecasting. Data for numerical weather prediction is provided by observations from satellites, from the ground (both human and from automatic weather stations), from buoys at sea, radar, radiosonde weather balloons, wind profilers, commercial aircraft and a background field from previous model runs. The computer model is only adjusted towards the observations using assimilation, rather than forcing the model to accept an observed value that might make the system unstable (and could be an inaccurate observation). The Unified Model software suite is written in Fortran (originally 77 but now predominantly 90) and uses height as the vertical variable. Because most developments of interest are near to the ground the vertical layers are closer together near the surface. Principal UM suites at the Met Office The Met Office runs a range of Numerical Weather Prediction suites using the UM. All of the models use varying resolutions of topography with greater accuracy at higher resolutions. The limiting factor with all models is that for a weather event to be recorded by the model it must be at least three grid points in size. Thus for the global model at 40 km, a weather system must be at least 120 km to be modelled. This means smaller phenomena such as small depressions, smaller hurricanes and large thunderstorms are too small for the model to catch them. As the resolution increases smaller events can be caught, the 1.5 km model for example, is reputedly capable of modelling individual showers. Global Model Approximately 16 km resolution with 70 vertical levels. Covers the entire globe and 168 hours in the future twice a day, the shortest outlook of the synoptic scale models currently in use (most others run out at least 10 days; furthermore, the Unified Model forecasts are only available out 72 hours for non-paying users). The Global model provides boundary information for the now retired North Atlantic European (NAE) model, for which additional shorter runs (48 hours) are produced twice a day. The model is kept close to", "title": "Unified Model" }, { "docid": "1619939", "text": "The Environmental Modeling Center (EMC) is a United States Government agency, which improves numerical weather, marine and climate predictions at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), through a broad program of research in data assimilation and modeling. In support of the NCEP operational forecasting mission, the EMC develops, improves and monitors data assimilation systems and models of the atmosphere, ocean and coupled system, using advanced methods developed internally as well as cooperatively with scientists from universities, NOAA laboratories and other government agencies, and the international scientific community. History In July 1954, the Joint Numerical Weather Prediction Unit (JNWPU) was created to test out numerical weather prediction techniques by computer. Operational numerical weather prediction in the United States began in 1955 under the JNWPU. This unit co-located with the Weather Bureau-Air Force-Navy (WBAN) analysis center to form the National Weather Analysis Center, which was located in Suitland, Maryland. When the two units merged, the name changed to the National Meteorological Center (NMC) in January 1958. When the JNWPU dissolved in 1961, NMC became an independent organization from Global Weather Central and Fleet Numerical Weather Central. Research and computer processing abilities increased over the years, which allowed for the first global forecast model to run by June 1966. NMC moved to the World Weather Building in Camp Springs, Maryland between 1974 and 1976. NMC changed its name to NCEP, the National Centers for Environmental Prediction on October 1, 1995, with the Environmental Modeling Center (EMC) becoming one of its subunits. EMC moved to the National Center for Weather and Climate Prediction building in September 2012. Operations The Environmental Modeling Center is responsible for the development, running, and maintenance of more than 20 numerical weather prediction systems comprising NCEP's operational production suite. These models include the Rapid Refresh (RAP), Global Forecast System (GFS), Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS), WaveWatch III, Short Range Ensemble Forecast (SREF), Climate Forecast System (CFS), Global Real-Time Ocean Forecast System (RTOFS), North American Mesoscale Model (NAM), Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting model (HWRF), and Hurricanes in a Multi-scale Ocean-coupled Non-hydrostatic Model (HMON). Branches Modeling and Data Assimilation Branch Verification, Post-processing and Product Generation Branch Engineering and Implementation Branch See also National Hurricane Center Ocean Prediction Center Space Weather Prediction Center Storm Prediction Center Tropical cyclone forecast model Weather Prediction Center References Numerical climate and weather models National Centers for Environmental Prediction", "title": "Environmental Modeling Center" }, { "docid": "1209759", "text": "Temporal difference (TD) learning refers to a class of model-free reinforcement learning methods which learn by bootstrapping from the current estimate of the value function. These methods sample from the environment, like Monte Carlo methods, and perform updates based on current estimates, like dynamic programming methods. While Monte Carlo methods only adjust their estimates once the final outcome is known, TD methods adjust predictions to match later, more accurate, predictions about the future before the final outcome is known. This is a form of bootstrapping, as illustrated with the following example: Suppose you wish to predict the weather for Saturday, and you have some model that predicts Saturday's weather, given the weather of each day in the week. In the standard case, you would wait until Saturday and then adjust all your models. However, when it is, for example, Friday, you should have a pretty good idea of what the weather would be on Saturday – and thus be able to change, say, Saturday's model before Saturday arrives. Temporal difference methods are related to the temporal difference model of animal learning. Mathematical formulation The tabular TD(0) method is one of the simplest TD methods. It is a special case of more general stochastic approximation methods. It estimates the state value function of a finite-state Markov decision process (MDP) under a policy . Let denote the state value function of the MDP with states , rewards and discount rate under the policy : We drop the action from the notation for convenience. satisfies the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman Equation: so is an unbiased estimate for . This observation motivates the following algorithm for estimating . The algorithm starts by initializing a table arbitrarily, with one value for each state of the MDP. A positive learning rate is chosen. We then repeatedly evaluate the policy , obtain a reward and update the value function for the current state using the rule: where and are the current and next states, respectively. The value is known as the TD target, and is known as the TD error. TD-Lambda TD-Lambda is a learning algorithm invented by Richard S. Sutton based on earlier work on temporal difference learning by Arthur Samuel. This algorithm was famously applied by Gerald Tesauro to create TD-Gammon, a program that learned to play the game of backgammon at the level of expert human players. The lambda () parameter refers to the trace decay parameter, with . Higher settings lead to longer lasting traces; that is, a larger proportion of credit from a reward can be given to more distant states and actions when is higher, with producing parallel learning to Monte Carlo RL algorithms. In neuroscience The TD algorithm has also received attention in the field of neuroscience. Researchers discovered that the firing rate of dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra (SNc) appear to mimic the error function in the algorithm. The error function reports back the difference between the estimated reward at any given state or time step", "title": "Temporal difference learning" }, { "docid": "2014760", "text": "The Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI; ; ) is the government agency responsible for gathering and reporting weather data and forecasts in Finland. It is a part of the Ministry of Transport and Communications but it operates semi-autonomously. The Institute is an impartial research and service organisation with expertise covering a wide range of atmospheric science activities other than gathering and reporting weather data and forecasts. The headquarters of the Institute is in Kumpula Campus, Helsinki, Finland. Services FMI provides weather forecasts for aviation, traffic, shipping and media as well as private citizens via internet and mobile devices. It also has air quality services. For sea areas, it provides information about ice cover, sea level changes and waves. In 2013 FMI made openly available data sets such as weather, sea and climate observation data, time series and model data. The open data is targeted to benefit application developers who want to develop new services, applications and products. In 2009, researchers from VTT published a study assessing the benefits generated by the services offered by the Finnish Meteorological Institute. They concluded in sum in range of 260-290 million euros, while the annual budget of the institute was around 50 – 60 million Euros. This leads to estimate for annual benefit-cost ratio for the services to be at least 5:1. Observations Finnish Meteorological Institute makes observations of the atmosphere, sea and space at over 400 stations around Finland. Its weather radar network consists of 10 C-band Doppler weather radars. Research The research areas of FMI include meteorology, air quality, climate change, earth observation, marine and arctic research. Scientific research at FMI is mainly organized around three centers; \"Weather, Sea and Climate Service Center\", \"Observing and Information Service Systems Center\", \"Space and Earth Observation Center\", and two programs; \"Meteorological and Marine Research Program\", \"Climate Research Program\". Every year FMI's researchers publish about 300 peer-reviewed articles. Air quality activities The Finnish Meteorological Institute has investigated air quality processes and air pollution prevention techniques since the early 1970s. Their staff members have comprehensive competence within the areas of meteorology, physics, chemistry, biology and engineering. Integrated work is done in cooperation with many other European research institutes and universities. The air quality activities conducted by the Institute include: Research, testing and development of air quality measuring methods and equipment. Development of air pollutant emission inventories. Development of air pollution dispersion models Performing chemical analyses of air quality. Study and development of air pollution prevention techniques. The suite of local-scale (0 – 30 km) dispersion models available at the Institute includes: An urban area, multiple-source dispersion model. Vehicular pollution line-source dispersion models. Dispersion models for hazardous materials. Dispersion models for odorous compounds. Dispersion models for larger scales (30 to 3000 km) are also available. Space Research The Finnish Meteorological Institute is one of the few places in Finland where space research takes place. The institute has been a part of several high-profile NASA and ESA missions, such as Phoenix, Mars Science Laboratory, Rosetta and BepiColombo, in addition to", "title": "Finnish Meteorological Institute" }, { "docid": "42531093", "text": "The North American Ensemble Forecast System (NAEFS) is a joint project involving the Meteorological Service of Canada (MSC) in Canada, the National Weather Service (NWS) in the United States, and the National Meteorological Service of Mexico (NMSM) in Mexico providing numerical weather prediction ensemble guidance for the 1- to 16-day forecast period. The NAEFS combines the Canadian MSC (Global Environmental Multiscale Model) and the US NWS global ensemble prediction systems (Global Forecast System), improving probabilistic operational guidance over what can be built from any individual country's ensemble. Model guidance from the NAEFS is incorporated into the forecasts of the respective national agencies. NAEFS operates on the fundamental principles of ensemble forecasting which provides a range of possible weather forecasts of the atmospheric state over a given forecast period. The initial state of the atmosphere and/or the numerical weather prediction model configuration are slightly varied to provide a range of possible forecast solutions. The global ensemble prediction systems at MSC and NWS use slightly different, but equally valid methods to initialize and integrate the atmospheric state. By combining the ensembles from both centers into one ensemble, the possible range of future atmospheric states for a given forecast period are better sampled, producing on average, improved estimates of the future atmospheric state and the associated uncertainty. NAEFS collaboration allows the national weather agencies to pool their research resources and make improvements to the ensemble prediction systems more quickly and efficiently. The exchange of knowledge allows research and operations to develop a new generation of ensemble products with the goal of improving timeliness and accuracy in alerting the public of high impact weather events. History Officials from the MSC and the NWS first met in February 2003 to discuss building a joint ensemble prediction system. In May 2003, weather modeling experts from Canada and the U.S. held a workshop to start planning the research, development, and operational implementation of the NAEFS. The initial NAEFS development plan was completed in October 2003. Intensive work for the Initial Operational Capability implementation then began, and was successfully completed on schedule in September 2004. NAEFS was launched in November 2004 in the presence of representatives of the three countries. Technical details The NAEFS constituent ensemble prediction systems and post-processing techniques are continually upgraded to include improved scientific understanding of atmospheric phenomenon, advances in computational methods, and advances in computing, among other reasons. Implementation changes to the NWS global ensemble prediction system (GEFS), global forecast model (GFS) configuration and NWS NAEFS post-processed products can be found at the NWS National Centers for Environmental Prediction Central Operations website. The NWS provides global and downscaled (CONUS and Alaska) and MSC provides global post-processed model guidance on various standard pressure-levels. Research use NAEFS has been the subject of meteorological research. A few such research studies have compared NAEFS with the THORPEX Interactive Grand Global Ensemble (TIGGE), a part of THORPEX, an initiative of the World Meteorological Organization to determine whether combining them can yield even better forecasts than either one individually.", "title": "North American Ensemble Forecast System" }, { "docid": "1365349", "text": "The MM5 (short for Fifth-Generation Penn State/NCAR Mesoscale Model) is a regional mesoscale model used for creating weather forecasts and climate projections. It is a community model maintained by Penn State University and the National Center for Atmospheric Research. The MM5 is a limited-area, terrain-following sigma coordinate model that is used to replicate or forecast mesoscale and regional scale atmospheric circulation. It has been updated many times since the 1970s to fix bugs, adapt to new technologies, and work on different types of computers and software. It is used in many different ways: for research and for weather prediction. In research, it is used to compare it to other models, to see what works and what does not work. It is also used for air quality models. Active development on the model ended with version 3.7.2 in 2005, and it has been largely superseded by the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Features MM5 is globally relocatable, which helps support different latitudes, terrain types, elevations, soil types, etc. . The model can be either hydrostatic or non-hydrostatic, depending on the desired outcome. The fact that the model is regional implies that it requires initial conditions and lateral boundary conditions. This means that each boundary (there are four) has initialized wind speeds, temperatures, pressure and moisture fields. Thus, gridded data is needed for this program. This model takes and then analyzes its data based on pressure surfaces. However, these surfaces must first be interpolated by a specific vertical coordinate before it can be analyzed. This vertical coordinate, sigma, is computed and then used throughout the program. Σ is defined as: Σ = (p-pt)/p, p = ps-pt, Where p is pressure, ps is surface pressure, and pt is the pressure at the top of the model. When Σ is close to the ground, the program follows the actual terrain, but when Σ is higher up, the program looks at isobaric surfaces. Σ ranges from 0 to 1. It has adaptable and multiple nesting capabilities, which allows multiple programs to run at once, while utilizing 2-way nesting. MM5 features inputs from actual data, which is helpful because routine observations can be used. Then, data can be compared and used in context with other models. MM5 also features terrain-following vertical coordinates and four-dimensional data assimilation (FDDA) . FDDA is used when there is a lot of data that was taken over a longer period of time. Then this data that needed to be taken over a longer period of time gets placed into FDDA. It is also utilized for dynamical initialization and four-dimensional data sets. Most importantly, MM5 is well documented and has many places for user support. Functions There are many pieces of the MM5 modeling system, each with different functions. These pieces include: TERRAIN, REGRID, LITTLE_R, NESTDOWN, INTERPF, INTERPB, and GRAPH/RIP. In the basic sense, the model begins by taking the information and then makes a model of the land. This is done by using the piece TERRAIN. Then, the model guesses", "title": "MM5 (weather model)" }, { "docid": "3093634", "text": "The Global Forecast System (GFS) is a global numerical weather prediction system containing a global computer model and variational analysis run by the United States' National Weather Service (NWS). Operation The mathematical model is run four times a day, and produces forecasts for up to 16 days in advance, but with decreased spatial resolution after 10 days. The forecast skill generally decreases with time (as with any numerical weather prediction model) and for longer term forecasts, only the larger scales retain significant accuracy. It is one of the predominant synoptic scale medium-range models in general use. Principles The GFS model is a FV3 model with an approximate horizontal resolution of 13 km for the days 0-16 days. In the vertical, the model is divided into 127 layers and extends to the mesopause (roughly ~80 km), and temporally, it produces forecast output every hour for the first 120 hours, three hourly through day 10, and 12 hourly through day 16. The output from the GFS is also used to produce model output statistics. Variants In addition to the main model, the GFS is also the basis of a lower-resolution 30-member (31, counting the control and operational members) ensemble that runs concurrently with the operational GFS and is available on the same time scales. This ensemble is referred to as the \"Global Ensemble Forecast System\" (GEFS). The GFS ensemble is combined with Canada's Global Environmental Multiscale Model ensemble to form the North American Ensemble Forecast System (NAEFS). Usage As with most works of the U.S. government, GFS data is not copyrighted and is available for free in the public domain under provisions of U.S. law. Because of this, the model serves as the basis for the forecasts of numerous private, commercial, and foreign weather companies. Accuracy By 2015, the GFS model had fallen behind the accuracy of other global weather models. This was most notable in the GFS model incorrectly predicting Hurricane Sandy turning out to sea until four days before landfall, while the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts' model predicted landfall correctly at 7 days. Much of this was suggested to be due to limits in computational resources within the National Weather Service. In response, the NWS purchased new supercomputers, increasing processing power from 776 teraflops to 5.78 petaflops. As of the 12z run on 19 July 2017, the GFS model has been upgraded. Unlike the recently-upgraded ECMWF, the new GFS behaves a bit differently in the tropics and in other regions compared to the previous version. This version accounts more accurately for variables such as the Madden–Julian oscillation and the Saharan Air Layer. In 2018, the processing power was increased again to 8.4 petaflops, The agency also tested a potential replacement model with different mechanics, the flow-following, finite-volume icosahedral model (FIM), in the early 2010s; it abandoned that model around 2016, after it did not show substantial improvement over the GFS. In 2019, a major upgrade was held for the GFS, converting it from the GSM (Global Spectral Model)", "title": "Global Forecast System" }, { "docid": "11165739", "text": "The history of surface weather analysis concerns the timetable of developments related to surface weather analysis. Initially a tool of study for the behavior of storms, surface weather analyses became a work in progress to explain current weather and as an aid for short term weather forecasting. Initial efforts to create surface weather analyses began in the mid-19th century by using surface weather observations to analyze isobars, isotherms, and display temperature and cloud cover. By the mid-20th century, much more information was being placed upon the station models plotted on weather maps and surface fronts, per the Norwegian cyclone model, were being analyzed worldwide. Eventually, observation plotting went from a manual exercise to an automated task for computers and plotters. Surface analysis remains a manual and partially subjective exercise, whether it be via hand and paper, or via a workstation. Mid-nineteenth century The use of weather charts in a modern sense began in the middle portion of the 19th century. Weather map pioneers include William Charles Redfield, William Reid, Elias Loomis, and Sir Francis Galton, who created the first weather maps in order to devise a theory on storm systems. The invention of the telegraph in 1837 made it possible to gather weather information from multiple distant locations quickly enough to preserve its value for real-time applications. The Smithsonian Institution developed its network of observers over much of the central and eastern United States between the 1840s and 1860s once Joseph Henry took the helm. Beginning in 1849, the Smithsonian started producing surface analyses on a daily basis using the 150 stations in their network. The U.S. Army Signal Corps inherited this network between 1870 and 1874 by an act of Congress, and expanded it to the west coast soon afterwards. Three times daily, all stations would telegraph in their observations to the central office which would then plot the information on a map upon which isobars, or lines of equal pressure, would be drawn which would identify centers of high and low pressure, as well as squall lines. At first, all the data on the map was not taken at exactly the same time in the early days of these analyses because of a lack of time standardization. The first attempts at time standardization took hold in the Great Britain by 1855. However, in the United States, standard time did not come to pass until 1883, when time zones started to come into use across America for railroad use. The entire United States did not finally come under the influence of time zones until 1905, when Detroit finally established standard time. Late nineteenth century The earliest surface analyses from the United States featured a map of the continental U.S. with indications of cloud cover and wind direction arranged on an early form of what has become a station model. A general indication of the weather for various cities around the country was also included on the bottom of the map. Within a short time, the Signal Corps added a", "title": "History of surface weather analysis" }, { "docid": "34339728", "text": "Timothy Noel Palmer (born 31 December 1952) is a mathematical physicist by training. He has spent most of his career working on the dynamics and predictability of weather and climate. Among various research achievements, he pioneered the development of probabilistic ensemble forecasting techniques for weather and climate prediction (at the Met Office and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). These techniques are now standard in operational weather and climate prediction around the world, and are central for reliable decision making for many commercial and humanitarian applications. Early life and education Palmer was born in Kingston upon Thames, Surrey in 1952. He received a 1st Class Joint Honours Degree in Mathematics and Physics from the University of Bristol and a Doctor of Philosophy in General Relativity Theory from the University of Oxford. Research Palmer’s research has focussed on the nonlinear predictability and dynamics of the climate system. He co-discovered the world's largest breaking waves, and proposed a nonlinear framework for the regional manifestation of climate change, based on the nonlinear dynamics of quasi-stationary weather regimes. He was among the first to propose the importance of developing unified or \"seamless\" weather and climate prediction models. Palmer's research is focussed on the development of stochastic parametrisations in weather and climate simulators, and the application of inexact computing techniques for developing ultra-high resolution climate models. Palmer believes strongly that human and computing resources must be pooled internationally to develop reliable climate prediction systems. He remains active in the area of fundamental physics, promoting the synergistic \"Cosmological Invariant Set Postulate\" as a primitive geometric principle for physics of the large and small. Career After a chance meeting with geophysicist Raymond Hide, he became interested in climate and was employed by the Met Office – including a year at the University of Washington. In 1986 he joined the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts where he led the newly formed Predictability and Diagnostics Division, where he led the development of the ECMWF medium-range ensemble prediction system and the European DEMETER multi-model ensemble seasonal climate prediction system. In 2010 Palmer became a Professor of Climate Physics at the University of Oxford, being one of the \"2010 Anniversary\" Royal Society Research Professors, created to celebrate the Royal Society's 350th Anniversary. At Oxford, Palmer is additionally co-director of the Oxford Martin Programme on Modelling and Predicting Climate and is a professorial fellow at Jesus College, Oxford. Awards and honours Palmer was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2003, and was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2015 New Year Honours for services to science. Other awards include: World Meteorological Organisation Norbert Gerbier-Mumm International Award (2006) American Meteorological Society Carl-Gustaf Rossby Research Medal (2010) Institute of Physics Dirac Gold Medal (for theoretical physics) (2014) International member of the American Philosophical Society (2015) Honorary Doctor of Science, University of Bristol (2016) International member of the Accademia dei Lincei (2017) European Geosciences Union Lewis Fry Richardson Medal (for Nonlinear Processes in Geosciences", "title": "Tim Palmer (physicist)" }, { "docid": "1114260", "text": "A weather ship, or ocean station vessel, was a ship stationed in the ocean for surface and upper air meteorological observations for use in weather forecasting. They were primarily located in the north Atlantic and north Pacific oceans, reporting via radio. The vessels aided in search and rescue operations, supported transatlantic flights, acted as research platforms for oceanographers, monitored marine pollution, and aided weather forecasting by weather forecasters and in computerized atmospheric models. Research vessels remain heavily used in oceanography, including physical oceanography and the integration of meteorological and climatological data in Earth system science. The idea of a stationary weather ship was proposed as early as 1921 by Météo-France to help support shipping and the coming of transatlantic aviation. They were used during World War II but had no means of defense, which led to the loss of several ships and many lives. On the whole, the establishment of weather ships proved to be so useful during World War II for Europe and North America that the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) established a global network of weather ships in 1948, with 13 to be supplied by Canada, the United States and some European countries. This number was eventually cut to nine. The agreement of the use of weather ships by the international community ended in 1985. Weather ship observations proved to be helpful in wind and wave studies, as commercial shipping tended to avoid weather systems for safety reasons, whereas the weather ships did not. They were also helpful in monitoring storms at sea, such as tropical cyclones. Beginning in the 1970s, their role was largely superseded by cheaper weather buoys. The removal of a weather ship became a negative factor in forecasts leading up to the Great Storm of 1987. The last weather ship was Polarfront, known as weather station M (\"Mike\"), which was removed from operation on January 1, 2010. Weather observations from ships continue from a fleet of voluntary merchant vessels in routine commercial operation. Function The primary purpose of an ocean weather vessel was to take surface and upper air weather measurements, and report them via radio at the synoptic hours of 0000, 0600, 1200, and 1800 Universal Coordinated Time (UTC). Weather ships also reported observations from merchant vessels, which were reported by radio back to their country of origin using a code based on the square in the ocean within which the ship was located. The vessels were involved in search and rescue operations involving aircraft and other ships. The vessels themselves had search radar and could activate a homing beacon to guide lost aircraft towards the ships' known locations. Each ship's homing beacon used a distinctly different frequency. In addition, the ships provided a platform where scientific and oceanographic research could be conducted. The role of aircraft support gradually changed after 1975, as jet aircraft began using polar routes. By 1982, the ocean weather vessel role had changed too, and the ships were used to support short range weather forecasting, in numerical", "title": "Weather ship" }, { "docid": "6577179", "text": "The International Arctic Research Center, or IARC, established in 1999, is a research institution focused on integrating and coordinating study of Climate change in the Arctic. The primary partners in IARC are Japan and the United States. Participants include organizations from Canada, China, Denmark, Germany, Japan, Norway, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Overview The center is located at the University of Alaska Fairbanks, in the Syun-Ichi Akasofu Building. The Keith B. Mather Library is the science library housed in the Akasofu Building, serving IARC and the Geophysical Institute of UAF. The building also houses the UAF atmospheric sciences department, the Center for Global Change and the Fairbanks forecast office of the National Weather Service. Study projects are focused within four major themes: Arctic ocean models and observation Arctic atmosphere: feedbacks, radiation, and weather analysis Permafrost/Frozen soil models and observations Arctic biota/vegetation (ecosystem models) IARC is devoting specific effort to answering the following three questions: To what extent is climate change due to natural vs man-made causes? What parameters, processes and interactions are needed to understand and predict future climate change? What are the likely impacts of climate change? References External links IARC official website Keith B. Mather Library website 1999 establishments in Alaska International research institutes Japan in non-Japanese culture Systems ecology Arctic research Research institutes in Alaska Science and technology in Alaska University of Alaska Fairbanks", "title": "International Arctic Research Center" }, { "docid": "1384661", "text": "HIRLAM, the High Resolution Limited Area Model, is a Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) forecast system developed by the international HIRLAM programme. Consortium HIRLAM programme is a cooperation between following European meteorological institutes: Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI)(Denmark) Estonian Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (EMHI) (Estonia) Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI) (Finland) Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO) (Iceland) Lithuanian Hydrological and Meteorological Service (LHMS) (Lithuania) Met Éireann (ME) (Ireland) Norwegian Meteorological Institute (MET) (Norway) Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI) (The Netherlands) Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMET), formerly INM (Spain) Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI) (Sweden) In addition, Météo-France (France) is a research partner in the international HIRLAM cooperation. The Programme The aim of the HIRLAM programme is to develop and maintain a numerical short-range weather forecasting system for operational use by the participating institutes. The cooperation, started in September 1985, comprises a series of 3-year projects between 1985 and 2005, and 5-year programmes HIRLAM-A (2006–2010) and HIRLAM-B (2011–2015). The collaboration resulted in successful launch of the limited area Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) model, HIRLAM forecast system, which has been used in the HIRLAM member services for routine weather prediction of up to 3 days at a grid resolution of 3 to 16 km. Since 2006, the HIRLAM cooperation shifted its focus to the development of meso-scale (convection-permitting) numerical weather prediction system (HARMONIE ) through close collaboration with the ALADIN consortium (led by Meteo France) and the ECMWF (European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecasting). The HARMONIE forecast system is the main operational weather forecast system at HIRLAM weather services with a typical grid resolution of 2.5 km. Through collaboration with the ALADIN consortium, a 52-ensemble Pan-European Grand Limited Area Ensemble Prediction System (GLAMEPS) has been developed by the HIRLAM programme. With a resolution of ca 8 km grid size GLAMEPS has been operational since 2013, to serve the needs of 2-day probabilistic forecasts at the HIRLAM and ALADIN member services. The HIRLAM programme is controlled by the HIRLAM council, which consists of the directors of the participating institutes. The programme is managed by the management group consisting of: Jeanette Onvlee, KNMI, Programme Manager Jelena Bojarova, met.no, Project leader on data assimilation and use of observations Mariano Hortal, AEMET, Project leader on dynamics Laura Rontu, FMI, Project leader on physics Inger-lise Frogner, met.no, Project leader on probabilistic forecasting Xiaohua Yang, DMI, Project leader on quality assurance and operational cooperation Ulf Andrae, SMHI, Project leader on system The management group is advised by a scientific and technical Advisory Committee. External links HIRLAM homepage Numerical climate and weather models", "title": "HIRLAM" }, { "docid": "66734413", "text": "Bjørn Nyland a.k.a. Teslabjørn (born 29 July 1979) is a Norwegian YouTuber posting videos about electric cars in the English language since 2013, and in Thai language since 2017. Electric cars Youtuber Formerly a programmer at the University of Oslo and Statistics Norway, Nyland started his YouTube channel in 2010 with a video showing an onboard ride in a Renault Laguna Diesel doing 200 km/h (125 mph) on a German Autobahn. In May 2013, he test drove an electric Tesla Model S, posting his YouTube video in Norwegian language with English subtitles. His own Tesla Model S P85 was delivered in November 2013, and soon he filmed a road trip across Norway in winter weather. Nyland slowly hypermiled his Model S for 18 hours in 2015 to a \"Record-Breaking 452.8 Miles On A Single Charge\" 1000 km challenge Nyland has pioneered and repeatedly tested a number of electric cars according to his method called the 1000 km challenge, in which the vehicle must cover 1000 km (621 mi) as quickly as possible; the result is the sum of the time spent driving and the time spent at charging stations. The tests take place on Norwegian, and sometimes Swedish, roads, which have good DC fast charging infrastructure but generally lower speed limits than German or French highways. 24h EV world records in Germany After German YouTuber Horst Lüning and his son have covered 2,424 km within 24 hours in a Model S on Bundesautobahn 8 near Ulm to the west of Munich in June 2016, Lüning in 2018 joined an Austrian G-Electric team that used a US-import Tesla Model 3 with a special charging port adaptor to improve the record to 2,644 km. In July 2019, after Tesla finally delivered European-spec Model 3 with CCS connector, Nyland was part of a team that set the new record at 2,781 km (1,728 mi) in 24 hours in a Tesla Model 3 Long Range AWD. The team set this record using the IONITY 350 kW quick chargers Demminer Land at Bundesautobahn 20 to the north of Berlin because currently, that network is significantly faster than Tesla's Superchargers (v2). Winner of four Teslas In October 2015 Nyland won a Founders Series Tesla Model X after ten Tesla customers used his referral code which he named \"Optimus Prime\". He used his Model X to create his most popular videos, \"Tesla Model X doors crushing things\", \"Tesla Model X vs Hummer H2 tug of war\", \"Tesla Model X off-roading gone wrong!\". By the end of 2015, he won the second European referral contest, and a free Tesla Model S P90D Ludicrous (which was delivered as a P100DL and sold to pay for the taxes for his Model X). By 2019, he won two second generation Tesla Roadsters, , bringing the total to 4. Personal life Nyland was born in Chiang Mai, Thailand to a Thai mother and Chinese father. on 29 July 1979. He has been living in Norway since the age of 4. Nyland speaks", "title": "Bjørn Nyland (YouTuber)" }, { "docid": "73231", "text": "Weather forecasting is the application of science and technology to predict the conditions of the atmosphere for a given location and time. People have attempted to predict the weather informally for millennia and formally since the 19th century. Weather forecasts are made by collecting quantitative data about the current state of the atmosphere, land, and ocean and using meteorology to project how the atmosphere will change at a given place. Once calculated manually based mainly upon changes in barometric pressure, current weather conditions, and sky conditions or cloud cover, weather forecasting now relies on computer-based models that take many atmospheric factors into account. Human input is still required to pick the best possible model to base the forecast upon, which involves pattern recognition skills, teleconnections, knowledge of model performance, and knowledge of model biases. The inaccuracy of forecasting is due to the chaotic nature of the atmosphere, the massive computational power required to solve the equations that describe the atmosphere, the land, and the ocean, the error involved in measuring the initial conditions, and an incomplete understanding of atmospheric and related processes. Hence, forecasts become less accurate as the difference between the current time and the time for which the forecast is being made (the range of the forecast) increases. The use of ensembles and model consensus helps narrow the error and provide confidence in the forecast. There is a vast variety of end uses for weather forecasts. Weather warnings are important because they are used to protect lives and property. Forecasts based on temperature and precipitation are important to agriculture, and therefore to traders within commodity markets. Temperature forecasts are used by utility companies to estimate demand over coming days. On an everyday basis, many people use weather forecasts to determine what to wear on a given day. Since outdoor activities are severely curtailed by heavy rain, snow and wind chill, forecasts can be used to plan activities around these events, and to plan ahead and survive them. Weather forecasting is a part of the economy. For example in 2009, the US spent approximately $5.8 billion on it, producing benefits estimated at six times as much. History Ancient forecasting In 650 BC, the Babylonians predicted the weather from cloud patterns as well as astrology. In about 350 BC, Aristotle described weather patterns in Meteorologica. Later, Theophrastus compiled a book on weather forecasting, called the Book of Signs. Chinese weather prediction lore extends at least as far back as 300 BC, which was also around the same time ancient Indian astronomers developed weather-prediction methods. In New Testament times, Jesus himself referred to deciphering and understanding local weather patterns, by saying, \"When evening comes, you say, 'It will be fair weather, for the sky is red', and in the morning, 'Today it will be stormy, for the sky is red and overcast.' You know how to interpret the appearance of the sky, but you cannot interpret the signs of the times.\" In 904 AD, Ibn Wahshiyya's Nabatean Agriculture, translated into Arabic", "title": "Weather forecasting" }, { "docid": "27814726", "text": "The Climate and Forecast (CF) metadata conventions are conventions for the description of Earth sciences data, intended to promote the processing and sharing of data files. The metadata defined by the CF conventions are generally included in the same file as the data, thus making the file \"self-describing\". The conventions provide a definitive description of what the data values found in each netCDF variable represent, and of the spatial and temporal properties of the data, including information about grids, such as grid cell bounds and cell averaging methods. This enables users of files from different sources to decide which variables are comparable, and is a basis for building software applications with powerful data extraction, grid remapping, data analysis, and data visualization capabilities. History and evolution The CF conventions were introduced in 2003, after several years of development by a collaboration that included staff from U.S. and European climate and weather laboratories. The conventions contained generalizations and extensions to the earlier Cooperative Ocean/Atmosphere Research Data Service (COARDS) conventions and the Gregory/Drach/Tett (GDT) conventions. As the scope of the CF conventions grew along with its user base, the CF community adopted an open governance model. In December 2008 the trio of standards, netCDF+CF+OPeNDAP, was adopted by IOOS as a recommended standard (number 08-012) for the representation and transport of gridded data. The CF conventions are being considered by the NASA Standards Process Group (SPG) and others as more broadly applicable standards. Applications and user base The CF conventions have been adopted by a wide variety of national and international programs and activities in the Earth sciences. For example, they were required for the climate model output data collected for Coupled model intercomparison projects, which are widely used for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change assessment reports. They are promoted as an important element of scientific community coordination by the World Climate Research Programme. They are also used as a technical foundation for a number of software packages and data systems, including the Climate Model Output Rewriter (CMOR), which is post processing software for climate model data, and the Earth System Grid, which distributes climate and other data. The CF conventions have also been used to describe the physical fields transferred between individual Earth system model software components, such as atmosphere and ocean components, as the model runs . Supported data types CF is intended for use with state estimation and forecasting data, in the atmosphere, ocean, and other physical domains. It was designed primarily to address gridded data types such as numerical weather prediction model outputs and climatology data in which data binning is used to impose a regular structure. However, the CF conventions are also applicable to many classes of observational data and have been adopted by a number of groups for such applications. Supported data formats CF originated as a standard for data written in netCDF, but its structure is general and it has been adapted for use with other data formats. For example, using the CF conventions with Hierarchical", "title": "Climate and Forecast Metadata Conventions" }, { "docid": "4420711", "text": "CLaMS (Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere) is a modular chemistry transport model (CTM) system developed at Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany. CLaMS was first described by McKenna et al. (2000a,b) and was expanded into three dimensions by Konopka et al. (2004). CLaMS has been employed in recent European field campaigns THESEO, EUPLEX, TROCCINOX SCOUT-O3, and RECONCILE with a focus on simulating ozone depletion and water vapour transport. Major strengths of CLaMS in comparison to other CTMs are its applicability for reverse domain filling studies its anisotropic mixing scheme its integrability with arbitrary observational data its comprehensive chemistry scheme CLaMS gridding Unlike other CTMs (e.g. SLIMCAT, REPROBUS), CLaMS operates on a Lagrangian model grid (see section about model grids in general circulation model): an air parcel is described by three space coordinates and a time coordinate. The time evolution path that an air parcels traces in space is called a trajectory. A specialised mixing scheme ensures that physically realistic diffusion is imposed on an ensemble of trajectories in regions of high wind shear. CLaMS operates on arbitrarily resolved horizontal grids. The space coordinates are latitude, longitude and potential temperature. CLaMS hierarchy CLaMS is composed of four modules and several preprocessors. The four modules are a trajectory module a box chemistry module a Lagrangian mixing module a Lagrangian sedimentation scheme Trajectory module Integration of trajectories with 4th order Runge-Kutta method, integration time step 30 minutes. Vertical displacement of trajectories is calculated from radiation budget. Box chemistry module Chemistry is based on the ASAD chemistry code of the University of Cambridge. More than 100 chemical reactions involving 40+ chemical species are considered. Integration time step is 10 minutes, species can be combined into chemical families to facilitate integration. The module includes a radiative transfer model for the determination of photolysis rates. The module also includes heterogeneous reactions on NAT, ice and liquid particle surfaces. Lagrangian mixing Mixing is based on grid deformation of quasi uniform air parcel distributions. The contraction or elongation factors of the distances to neighboring air parcels are examined: if a critical elongation (contraction) is reached, new air parcels are introduced (taken away). This way, anisotropic diffusion is simulated in a physically realistic manner. Lagrangian sedimentation Lagrangian sedimentation is calculated by following individual nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) particles that may grow or shrink by the uptake or release of HNO3 from/to the gas phase. These particle parcels are simulated independently from the Lagrangian air parcels. Their trajectories are determined using the horizontal winds and their vertical settling velocity that depends on the size of the individual particles. NAT particles are nucleated assuming a constant nucleation rate and they evaporate where temperatures grow too high. With this, a vertical redistribution of HNO3 (denitrification and renitrification) is determined. CLaMS data sets A chemical transport model does not simulate the dynamics of the atmosphere. For CLaMS, the following meteorological data sets have been used European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Predictions, Analyses, ERA-15, ERA-40 United Kingdom Met Office (UKMO) European Centre Hamburg Atmospheric", "title": "CLaMS" }, { "docid": "9019182", "text": "The Norwegian Meteorological Institute (), also known internationally as MET Norway, is Norway's national meteorological institute. It provides weather forecasts for civilian and military uses and conducts research in meteorology, oceanography and climatology. It is headquartered in Oslo and has offices and stations in other cities and places. It has around 500 full-time staff and was founded in 1866. History The institute was founded on 1 December 1866 with the help of Norwegian astronomer and meteorologist Henrik Mohn who served as its director until 1913. He is credited with founding meteorological research in Norway. The abbreviation MET Oslo or MET OSLO has been used internationally for a long time; the World Meteorological Organization for example recommended in 1956 that its members standardized references to this institute as MET OSLO. Activities The institute has around 500 employees and some 650 part-time observers around the country. It also operated the last remaining weather ship in the world, MS Polarfront, stationed in the North Atlantic, until it was discontinued due to budgetary issues on 1 January 2010 and replaced with satellite and buoy data. The institute represents Norway in international organizations like the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), and EUMETSAT. The institute is also partner to a number of international research and monitoring projects including EMEP, MyOcean, MyWave and the North West Shelf Operational Oceanographic System (NOOS). Services The institute with its three branches in Oslo, Bergen and Tromsø provides weather forecasts for Norway and Norwegian waters as well as more specialized services such as ice monitoring, oil spill and search and rescue forecast services. Marine forecasts of sea state parameters are issued both commercially to oil companies and more generally for the public. The institute also provides data for the free online service yr.no, launched in 2007, which provides weather forecasts for some 7 million places in the world. Observational network The institute is responsible for maintaining, quality checking, archiving and updating the observational network consisting of automated weather stations, radiosondes and weather radars. The marine observations of wave height and other oceanographic parameters gathered by petroleum platforms in Norwegian waters are also archived by the institute. Forecast models The institute produces operational weather forecasts using different numerical weather prediction models including the Unified Model and HIRLAM. The forecasts are subject to modifications introduced by human forecasters before being issued. The institute also runs a suite of operational ocean models ranging in resolution from 20 km to less than 1 km. The model suite currently comprises both the Princeton Ocean Model (POM) as well as the more recent Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS). The wave model WAM has been in operational use since 1998 on a number of grid resolutions ranging from 50 km down to 4 km while the SWAN model has been implemented for coastal high-resolution (less than 1 km grid resolution) applications. Directors of MET Norway Henrik Mohn (1866–1913) (1914–15) (1915–55) Ragnar Fjørtoft (1955–78) Kaare Langlo (1978–83) Arne Grammeltvedt (1984–98) Anton Eliassen", "title": "Norwegian Meteorological Institute" }, { "docid": "25419085", "text": "Strategic Command 2: Blitzkrieg is a grand strategy computer game developed by Canadian studio Fury Software, and published by Battlefront.com in 2006. The second game in the Strategic Command series, Blitzkrieg is a turn-based strategy set in World War II, focusing on the European Theater. The player controls all of either Axis or Allied states. A sequel to Strategic Command: European Theater, Blitzkrieg was the first game in the series to include weather conditions, new unit types such as paratroops and engineers, as well as diplomatic pressure. Two expansion packs were later released. The first one, Weapons and Warfare adds new units, combat rules, a deeper weather model, additional terrain types and the simulation of roads and railways, while the second one, Patton Drives East, adds new campaigns and scenarios, some of them – for the first time in the series – post-World War II or hypothetical. Gameplay Strategic Command 2: Blitzkrieg is a turn-based strategy set in World War II. The player controls all of either the Axis or Allied states. The most important fraction of the game is commanding the military units, but the player also controls the research of technologies and diplomatic relations. Blitzkrieg was the first game in the series to feature weather conditions (such as rain or snow, which, for example, hampers the movement of air units), as well as diplomatic pressure. Using this feature, the player may eventually persuade a neutral country to either join the war on his side, or to prevent it from becoming his enemy. The major campaigns take place on a map encompassing all of Europe, as well as North Africa, Atlantic Ocean and east coast of North America. However, unlike the previous installment, Blitzkrieg also contains five scenarios played on smaller maps, namely North Africa, Battle of Kursk, D-Day, Operation Market Garden and the Battle of the Bulge. Additional Global Map campaign was later released for free with a patch. Expansion packs Weapons and Warfare The first expansion pack to Strategic Command 2, titled Weapons and Warfare, adds new units, enhanced naval movement and combat rules, a deeper weather model, additional terrain types and resources, and the simulation of roads and railways. Patton Drives East The second expansion pack, Patton Drives East, adds new campaigns and scenarios to the game, among them – for the first time in the series – post-World War II or fictional conflicts, including the titular \"Patton Drives East\", a hypothetical war between the US and USSR following the defeat of Nazi Germany. Reception Strategic Command 2: Blitzkrieg gathered average reviews from game critics. IGN noticed a contrast between the game's interesting gameplay and rather plain graphics and sound effects, commenting: \"loads of substance, but not much style,\" while Strategy Informer noted \"this game really is for the hardcore of turn-based strategists, as otherwise you could soon be finding yourself turned away by the lack of visual and audio passion in Strategic Command 2\". Reviewing the game for Armchair General in April 2006, Bob Mackey", "title": "Strategic Command 2: Blitzkrieg" }, { "docid": "66464094", "text": "Non-Personal Data (NPD) is electronic data that does not contain any information that can be used to identify a natural person. Thus, it can either be data that has no personal information to begin with (such as weather data, stock prices, data from anonymous IoT sensors); or it is data that had personal data that was subsequently pseudoanonymized (for example, identifiable strings substituted with random strings) or anonymized (such as by irreversibly removing all personal data). NPD is part of the overall Data Governance Strategy of a region or country. While personal data are covered by Data Protection Legislation such as GDPR, other kinds of data would fall under the scope of NPD Regulation. Importance of Non-personal Data It has been pointed out that the future is data-driven. What this means is that much of the present innovation taking place in domains such as Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence is fueled by data, which is needed for calibrating the complex models (comprising neural network-based as well as other kinds). The larger the volume, diversity and quality of the data, the higher is the quality of the model, leading to better predictions and explanations. However, there is a flip-side to data availability. The newly-emerging awareness of privacy and the consequent need for powerful Data Protection Regulations (such as GDPR) makes it increasingly difficult or impossible to obtain data in the quantities required. This is a contradiction, and the only way out would be to remove all personal data from data sets (either by Data anonymization or Pseudonymization coupled with noise injection, at which point it becomes NPD. Therefore, many innovation-friendly countries are coming out with regulatory regimes that would ensure that personal data is protected, while, at the same time, non-personal data can be extracted from personal data so that innovation is fostered. In other words, NPD 'unlocks' value that was locked away in data sets that have personally-identifiable information. It is expected that multiple NPD data sets will begin to be available on free or commercial basis from different providers once the regulations are in place. Emerging Regulatory Frameworks Non-Personal Data has significant uses that may be economic, social, political or security-related. Several countries and regions are in the process of regulating the use of NPD. In May 2019, the European Union operationalized its Regulation of the Free Flow of NPD. India announced a nine-member expert committee to make recommendations on the regulation of NPD in 2019, which published its first report in mid-2020. The report was opened for public comments, after which it was revised and published in December 2020. Objectives of the Proposed Indian NPD Regulatory Framework The following were the objectives of the proposed Indian regulation as per the revised report: Sovereignty: India has rights over the data of India, its people and organisations. Benefit India: Benefits of data must accrue to India and its people. Benefits the world: Innovation, new models and algorithms for the world. Privacy: Misuse, reidentification and harms must be prevented. Simplicity: The", "title": "Non-personal data" }, { "docid": "31736838", "text": "Sean Robb Collins (April 8, 1952 – December 26, 2011) was the American founder of Surfline and a noted figure in the areas of surfing and surf forecasting. Biography Collins was born in Pasadena, California. His father, Whitney Collins, was a former Navy lieutenant who enjoyed sailboat racing and owned a 45-foot Newporter ketch, \"Leprechaun\", berthed in the Long Beach marina and biking distance from Collins' Long Beach home. Collins' early experiences sailing with his father instilled a passion for the ocean and meteorology. Much of his knowledge of meteorology was self-taught. While Long Beach has almost no surf because of its breakwater, Collins was part of a vibrant surf culture at Woodrow Wilson high school (class of 1970), where surf film director Bruce Brown graduated earlier, and world-class woman surfer, Jericho Poppler, was a classmate. In the early years of Collins' surf forecasting he would record weather reports and forecasts from the Southern Hemisphere, which he received via shortwave radio. He also studied charts and data from the National Weather Service library. By comparing these various data sources with his observations of the surf, he devised formulas for predicting how global weather events would affect near-shore surf conditions; these models were eventually combined into a set of swell-modeling algorithms nicknamed \"LOLA\". In the 1970s, Collins spent extensive time traveling and surfing in Mexico. He converted marine weather forecasting equipment for use in an automobile so that he would have advance knowledge of where swells and offshore weather patterns were developing, and in turn used that information to find the best locations for surfing. In 1985, Collin's founded a surf report service called Surfline. The company started as a call-in service, which provided verbal condition reports for various surf breaks around Southern California. In 1995, Surfline moved online, offering live video streams of surf breaks in addition to written surf reports. Surfline eventually expanded to offer editorial coverage of surfing, and is now one of the most prominent websites related to the sport. Recognitions In 1999, Collins was named one of the \"25 Most Influential Surfers of the Century\" by Surfer magazine. In 2006, he was named \"one of the 100 most powerful people in Southern California\" by The Los Angeles Times''' West Magazine'', for his influence on the region's surfers. In 2008, in honor of his contributions to surf forecasting, Collins was inducted into the Surfers' Hall of Fame in Huntington Beach, California. In 2012, Collins was inducted into the Surfer's Walk of Fame and received the Surf Culture Award in Huntington Beach, California. In August 2012, Sean Collins was honored with a Lifetime Achievement Award at the SIMA Waterman's Ball in Laguna Niguel, California. Death He died on December 26, 2011, in Newport Beach, California, aged 59, from a heart attack. His death was memorialized by a paddle out by about 200 surfers in what was described as the \"biggest memorial tribute ever held for a surfer in Huntington Beach\", with about 2,000 people in attendance. References 1952", "title": "Sean Collins (surf forecaster)" }, { "docid": "13982737", "text": "Weather and Society Integrated Studies (WASIS) is an international movement that is changing the weather enterprise by integrating social science into meteorological research and practice. WASIS was formed to build an interdisciplinary community of practitioners, researchers and decision makers collaborating to effectively understand how to improve weather warnings, incorporate societal impacts into weather forecasts, and use social science tools and methods. WASIS is changing the culture from what WAS to what IS the future of integrated studies WASIS has 276 representatives from the United States, Canada, China, France, Germany, Australia, New Zealand, Finland, the Netherlands, and numerous Caribbean countries. WASISers come from many parts of the weather enterprise, including meteorology, emergency management, hydrology, geography, climatology, psychology, sociology, economics, ecology, education and anthropology. Workshops were held in Boulder, Colorado on August 8–15, 2008, August 6–14, 2009, August 5–13, 2010, and August 4–12, 2011. An advanced workshop was held in Norman, Oklahoma September 15–17, 2008. The first WASIS Caribbean was held June 6–10, 2010 in San Juan, Puerto Rico. History WASIS was established in 2005 at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) located in Boulder, Colorado. WASIS was founded by Dr. Eve Gruntfest, a geographer at the University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, and Julie Demuth, an atmospheric scientist at NCAR, as part of NCAR's Societal Impacts Program. Dr. Gruntfest was inspired by the comments of physical scientists she met during her career who were interested in integrating meteorology and social science but were unsure how to do the work, and did not know anyone else involved in societal impacts research or practice. WASIS has received support from the US Weather Research Program, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAA, NCAR's Societal Impacts Program, the University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, and NCAR's Institute for the Study of Society and Environment. Additional workshop support has come from the University of Oklahoma, Monash University Sustainability Institute, ARC Network for Earth System Science, Australian Bureau of Meteorology, and Emergency Management Australia. References University Corporation for Atmospheric Research Quarterly Report American Meteorological Society’s 87th Annual Conference American Meteorological Society’s 88th Annual Conference NOAA Research European Severe Storms Laboratory Further reading Barnes, L. R., E. C. Gruntfest, M, H. Hayden, D. M. Schultz, and C. Benight, 2007: False alarms and close calls: A conceptual model of warning accuracy. Weather Forecast., 22, 1140-1147. Demuth, J.L., E.C. Gruntfest, R.E. Morss, S. Drobot and J.K. Lazo, 2007: WASIS: Building a Community for Integrating Meteorology and Social Science. Bull. Amer. Met.Soc., 88(11), 1729–1737. Gladwin, H., J.K. Lazo, B.H. Morrow, W.G. Peacock, and H.E. Willoughby. 2007: Social Science Research Needs for the Hurricane Forecast and Warning System. Natural Hazards Rev., 8(3), 87-95. League, C.E., W.Diaz, B. Philips, E.J. Bass, K. Kloesel and A. Gessner. 2010: Emergency manager decision-making and tornado warning communication. Meteorological Applications, 17(2), 163-172. External links WAS*IS Website Dr. Eve Gruntfest Weather warnings and advisories Meteorology and climate education", "title": "Weather and Society Integrated Studies" }, { "docid": "56851742", "text": "Clifford F. Mass is an American professor of Atmospheric Sciences at the University of Washington. His research focuses on numerical weather modeling and prediction, the role of topography in the evolution of weather systems, regional climate modeling, and the weather of the Pacific Northwest. He is a fellow of the American Meteorological Society, past-president of the Puget Sound American Meteorological Society chapter, and past chair of the College of the Environment College Council. His book The Weather of the Pacific Northwest is one of the best-selling titles from the University of Washington Press. He maintains a popular weather blog and gives frequent public lectures on topics ranging from Washington State weather history to the impact of climate change on global and regional weather patterns. He formerly had standing engagements to speak on Seattle-area public radio stations KUOW and KNKX before each of these stations chose to discontinue their relationships with Mass due to Mass's comments on non-weather-related topics. Education Mass received a B.S. in physics from Cornell University in 1974. As an undergraduate, Mass performed research on Martian weather with astrophysicist Carl Sagan, and on the role of sun spots and volcanic eruptions on historical climate conditions with climatologist Stephen Schneider. He received his PhD in Atmospheric Sciences from the University of Washington in 1978 with a dissertation on the role of African wave disturbances and climate variation in the Sahel region. Academic career Before joining the faculty of the University of Washington, Mass was a professor of meteorology at the University of Maryland from 1978 to 1981. He leads the University of Washington Mesoscale Analysis and Forecasting Group and is the chief scientist of the Northwest Modeling Consortium. He has published over 120 articles in peer-reviewed scientific venues, and served on the board of over a dozen regional and national meteorological committees, conferences, and scientific journals. Outreach and scientific advocacy Mass maintains a popular weblog in which he posts regular articles on meteorology, Pacific Northwest weather history, and the impacts of climate change written for the general public. Mass has stated publicly that he shares the scientific consensus that global warming is real and that human activity is a major cause of warming trend in the late 20th and 21st centuries. According to Mass, \"Global warming is an extraordinarily serious issue, and scientists have a key role to play in communicating what is known and what is not about this critical issue.\" He has been critical of the Paris Climate accord for not going far enough to address the negative impacts of climate change. Mass has also expressed concern when media outlets and environmental organizations have made, in his opinion, exaggerated claims about the current impacts of climate change. Mass has questioned statements of climate change as the cause of specific weather events. For example, Mass concluded that global warming was not a central factor in the 2021 Western North America heat wave. The authors of a World Weather Attribution report asserting the connection criticized Mass's analysis of their", "title": "Cliff Mass" }, { "docid": "27116986", "text": "HEPEX is an international initiative bringing together hydrologists, meteorologists, researchers and endusers to develop advanced probabilistic hydrological forecast techniques for improved flood, drought and water management. HEPEX was launched in 2004 as an independent, cooperative international scientific activity. During the first meeting, the overarching goal was defined as to develop and test procedures to produce reliable hydrological ensemble forecasts, and to demonstrate their utility in decision making related to the water, environmental and emergency management sectors Key questions of HEPEX are: What adaptations are required for meteorological ensemble systems to be coupled with hydrological ensemble systems? How should the existing hydrological ensemble prediction systems be modified to account for all sources of uncertainty within a forecast? What is the best way for the user community to take advantage of ensemble forecasts and to make better decisions based on them? The applications of Hydrological Ensemble Predictions span across large spatio-temporal scales ranging from short-term and very localized predictions to global climate change modeling. HEPEX is organised around six major themes: Input and pre-processing Ensemble techniques and process modelling Data assimilation Post-processing Verification Communication and use in decision making Organisation of HEPEX HEPEX is currently co-chaired by NOAA, the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast and the European Commission Joint Research Centre. Co-chairs are elected during plenary HEPEX meetings. There is no formal membership for HEPEX. The HEPEX community is established through active participation of scientists, end users and decision makers in research, discussions and exchange of information on topics related to probabilistic hydrological predictions for floods, droughts, water management or related topics. The community has been very active with growing importance. Information on the initiative and the possibility to actively contribute to ongoing discussions can be found on the HEPEX website. HEPEX webinars can be followed online with the possibility to participate in the discussion. They are then transferred for online viewing here. See also European Flood Alert System - Probabilistic flood forecasting on European Scale HEPEX webinars European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast NOAA External links HEPEX webpage Floods Portal of the EC Joint Research Centre MAP D-PHASE Hydrology", "title": "Hydrological Ensemble Prediction Experiment" }, { "docid": "50376013", "text": "In the natural sciences, especially in atmospheric and Earth sciences involving applied statistics, an anomaly is a persisting deviation in a physical quantity from its expected value, e.g., the systematic difference between a measurement and a trend or a model prediction. Similarly, a standardized anomaly equals an anomaly divided by a standard deviation. A group of anomalies can be analyzed spatially, as a map, or temporally, as a time series. It should not be confused for an isolated outlier. There are examples in atmospheric sciences and in geophysics. Calculation The location and scale measures used in forming an anomaly time-series may either be constant or may themselves be a time series or a map. For example, if the original time series consisted of daily mean temperatures, the effect of seasonal cycles might be removed using a deseasonalization filter. Robust statistics, resistant to the effects of outliers, are sometimes used as the basis of the transformation. Examples Atmospheric sciences In the atmospheric sciences, the climatological annual cycle is often used as the expected value. Famous atmospheric anomalies are for instance the Southern Oscillation index (SOI) and the North Atlantic oscillation index. SOI is the atmospheric component of El Niño, while NAO plays an important role for European weather by modification of the exit of the Atlantic storm track. A climate normal can also be used to derive a climate anomaly. Geophysics Gravity anomaly, difference between the observed gravity and a value predicted from a model Bouguer anomaly, anomaly in gravimetry Free-air anomaly, gravity anomaly that has been computed for latitude and corrected for elevation of the station Iridium anomaly, an unusual abundance of what is normally a very rare element in the Earth's crust Magnetic anomaly, local variation in the Earth's magnetic field Bangui magnetic anomaly, in central Africa Kursk Magnetic Anomaly, territory rich in iron ores located within Kursk Oblast, Belgorod Oblast, and Oryol Oblast Temagami Magnetic Anomaly, large buried geologic structure in the Temagami region of Ontario, Canada See also Bias (statistics) Climate oscillation Frequency spectrum Innovation (signal processing) Least squares Least-squares spectral analysis Temperature anomaly References Time series Climate and weather statistics Geophysics", "title": "Anomaly (natural sciences)" }, { "docid": "11593538", "text": "Severe weather is any dangerous meteorological phenomenon with the potential to cause damage, serious social disruption, or loss of human life. Types of severe weather phenomena vary, depending on the latitude, altitude, topography, and atmospheric conditions. High winds, hail, excessive precipitation, and wildfires are forms and effects of severe weather, as are thunderstorms, downbursts, tornadoes, waterspouts, tropical cyclones, and extratropical cyclones. Regional and seasonal severe weather phenomena include blizzards (snowstorms), ice storms, and duststorms. Severe weather is one type of extreme weather, which includes unexpected, unusual, severe, or unseasonal weather and is by definition rare for that location or time of the year. Due to the effects of climate change, the frequency and intensity of some of the extreme weather events are increasing, for example, heatwaves and droughts. Terminology Meteorologists have generally defined severe weather as any aspect of the weather that poses risks to life or property or requires the intervention of authorities. A narrower definition of severe weather is any weather phenomenon relating to severe thunderstorms. According to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), severe weather can be categorized into two groups: general severe weather and localized severe weather. Nor'easters, European wind storms, and the phenomena that accompany them form over wide geographic areas. These occurrences are classified as general severe weather. Downbursts and tornadoes are more localized and therefore have a more limited geographic effect. These forms of weather are classified as localized severe weather. The term severe weather is technically not the same phenomenon as extreme weather. Extreme weather describes unusual weather events that are at the extremes of the historical distribution for a given area. Causes Organized severe weather occurs under the same conditions that generate ordinary thunderstorms: atmospheric moisture, lift (often from thermals), and instability. A wide variety of conditions cause severe weather. Several factors can convert thunderstorms into severe weather. For example, a pool of cold air aloft may aid in the development of large hail from an otherwise innocuous-appearing thunderstorm. However, the most severe hail and tornadoes are produced by supercell thunderstorms, and the worst downbursts and derechos (straight-line winds) are produced by bow echoes. Both of these types of storms tend to form in environments with high wind shear. Floods, hurricanes, tornadoes, and thunderstorms are considered to be the most destructive weather-related natural disasters. Although these weather phenomena are all related to cumulonimbus clouds, they form and develop under different conditions and geographic locations. The relationship between these weather events and their formation requirements is used to develop models to predict the most frequent and possible locations. This information is used to notify affected areas and save lives. Categories Severe thunderstorms can be assessed in three different categories. These are \"approaching severe\", \"severe\", and \"significantly severe\". Approaching severe is defined as hail between diameter or winds between 50 and 58 mph (50 knots, 80–93 km/h). In the United States, such storms will usually warrant a Significant Weather Alert. Severe is defined as hail diameter, winds , or a tornado. Significant severe is", "title": "Severe weather" }, { "docid": "9173867", "text": "The Haynes Automobile Company also known by its badge as “Americas First Car” was an early American automobile manufacturing company that produced automobiles in Kokomo, Indiana, from 1905 to 1924. The company was formerly known as the Haynes-Apperson company, and produced automobiles under that name from 1894 to 1905. Co-founder Elwood Haynes changed the name of the company to the Haynes Automobile Co after fellow co-founders Elmer and Edgar Apperson left to form the Apperson Brothers Automobile Company in 1901. The Haynes company was declared bankrupt in 1924 and went out of business in 1925. History The company's history started with a running prototype in July 4th 1894 with the original Haynes-Apperson company. Local rival John Lambert in Indiana had designed and built a three wheeled surrey-topped gasoline powered runabout in 1891 - but then failed to sell a single one. Sensing an opportunity, Elwood Haynes approached John Lambert and secured a written agreement from Lambert to not contest Haynes’ claim to having the FIRST American automobile ever made. Haynes’ slogan and badge thus proclaimed “America’s First Car” He had cunningly used the date of his ideas and designs - mid 1893 - to be the start date of his Haynes Apperson car rather than its July 4th 1894 maiden run date - and by doing so conveniently predated the first working Duryea car that actually ran in September 1893. Duryea and Haynes argued and debated this for years afterwards. Production in the early years was only about one car month but increased when they moved to the Riverside Machine Works to about 250 cars per year. The new Haynes company used oval-track racing and road racing as an advertising tool. Their Model V “Vanderbilt” Racer was a lightened version of their Model R Touring car. The Haynes qualified for the Vanderbilt Cup race in Suffolk County in 1905 but did not start. In 1906 it raced again but finished poorly against superior European cars. Haynes discontinued oval track racing in 1907 and focused on reliability runs to advertise his cars solid reliability. This strategy paid off with his annual production peaking at over 6,000 cars in 1921. In 1909 the Series X speedster models appeared with their 112” wheelbase and 354cu inch twin-spark four cylinder engines. At $2,900 FOB it was a spartan open speedster with no weather protection. In 1912 they launched the Model 20 Bohemian speedster. A slightly longer 114” wheelbased model and with less horsepower (28) but at a more competitive price $1,650 After this speedster era they concentrated on touring cars. In 1914, Haynes offered a \"Light Six\" at $1485. Their ads boasted that it was, \"The result of 22 years successful experience in building motor cars.\" Haynes also proclaimed it \"Americas greatest light six\", that it \"will travel 22 to 25 miles on one gallon of gas\" and \"has more than 1 horsepower to every 55 pounds of weight.\" For 1916, Haynes introduced the \"Light Twelve\", and refined \"Light Six\" new series, Models 36", "title": "Haynes Automobile Company" }, { "docid": "376702", "text": "The Geostationary Earth Radiation Budget (GERB) is an instrument aboard EUMETSAT's Meteosat Second Generation geostationary satellites designed to make accurate measurements of the Earth radiation budget. It was produced by a European consortium consisting of the United Kingdom, Belgium and Italy. The first, known as GERB 2, was launched on 28 August 2002 on an Ariane 5 rocket. The second, GERB 1, was launched on 21 December 2005, and the third, GERB3, on 5 July 2012. The last GERB 4 device was launched 14 July 2015. The first launched GERB 2 on MSG 1 is currently situated over the Indian Ocean at 41.5°E, while GERBs 1 and 3 on MSG 2 and 3 are still located over the standard Africa EUMETSAT position. GERB 4 on MSG is yet to become operational. Scientific motivations and objectives The unprecedented rate of atmospheric increase occurring since the industrial revolution due to human activity is of much concern to scientists as it has occurred an order of magnitude faster than planet Earth has ever experienced. Climate models described as Global Circulation Models (GCMs) are currently avenue to investigate and try and predict how Earth climate will change in response such an un-precedented rate of change. Such computer models largely agree on many predictions of how climate will be 'forced' to a different state by such changes but there is still much disagreement, more specifically how such forcing will also results in 'feedbacks' to the system. For example, increased will increase the green house effect resulting in warmer atmosphere and more melting of Arctic ice. However it is known that a warmer atmosphere can for example contain a higher quantity of water vapor at the same relative humidity, and the melting of highly reflective white Arctic ice will expose open ocean to sunlight. Since water vapor is itself a very strong greenhouse gas and dark Arctic Ocean will absorb more sunlight than highly reflected floating ice, these are both reasonably well understood to be positive feedbacks that will act to accelerate the rate of global warming. Perhaps the least understood aspect of climate change involves clouds, and how they might change in-response to straight atmospheric warming from increased . These effects collectively referred to as cloud forcing or Cloud Radiative Forcing (CRF) and Feedback are not yet understood to the level where it can be predicted with certainty whether their possible feedbacks will in total be positive and accelerate, or negative and slow down global warming. The actions of the Earth weather/climate system are essentially the work done from a global scale heat engine, the heat into which comes from all the absorbed solar energy while the heat out is from thermal infra-red emissions back to space. These two radiative fluxes are referred to as Short-Wave (SW for solar) and Long-Wave (LW for IR) components in what is known as the Earth Radiation Budget (ERB, naturally the heat in requires the reflected SW to be measured and subtracted from the also needed in incoming solar", "title": "Geostationary Earth Radiation Budget" }, { "docid": "72521566", "text": "Kataḫḫa or Kataḫḫi was a name or title of multiple goddesses worshiped in ancient Anatolia by Hattians and Hittites, with the best known example being the tutelary deity of Ankuwa. It has been proposed that goddesses sharing this name were associated with nature and wildlife. In Ankuwa, Kataḫḫa was the head of the local pantheon. Goddesses with the same name were also worshiped in Katapa and other nearby settlements. The goddesses of Ankuwa and Katapa additionally appear in diplomatic treaties. The former was also worshiped in Zippalanda, though it is not certain if she was related in any way to the main local deity, the weather god of Zippalanda. Name and character The theonym Kataḫḫa is derived from the Hattic word katta-, \"queen\". Multiple writings are attested, for example Ka-taḫ-ḫa, Ka-at-taḫ-ḫa, Ka-taḫ-ga, Ḫa-tág-ga and Ḫa-taḫ-ḫa. In the oldest texts the name was spelled with an i, rather than a, as the final vowel. It could also be represented by the Sumerogram dMUNUS.LUGAL, which can be translated as \"the divine queen\". Multiple goddesses from central Anatolia could be referred to with the name Kataḫḫa, with the city goddess of Ankuwa being the best known. proposes that multiple Anatolian goddesses sharing names or titles which can be translated as \"queen\", Hattian Kataḫḫa or Hittite Ḫaššušara, can all be understood as nature deities linked to wildlife. He also suggests that deities such as Ammamma, Tetešḫapi and had similar character. Worship Kataḫḫa is best attested as the tutelary goddess of the city of Ankuwa. She was also the head of the local pantheon. Maciej Popko has proposed that Ankuwa was located between Hattusa and the Pontic Mountains, but this view is not universally accepted. A text from the reign of Ḫattušili III, KUB 15.1, describes a fire which took place in Ankuwa, and states that the king invoked Kataḫḫa, the \"weather god of heaven\" and the weather god of Zippalanda to try to stop it, promising each of these deities a silver model of the city and eight sheep as an offering if they will stop it. In treaties, Kataḫḫa of Ankuwa appears as one of the members of a group referred to as \"queen goddesses\" in Hittitology, which also includes Ḫuwaššanna of Ḫupišna, Ḫantitaššu of Ḫurma, Abara of Šamuḫa, dŠARRAT of Katapa, Ammamma of , Ḫallara of Dunna, Tapišuwa of Išḫupitta, dBELTI, Kuniywanni of Landa and dNIN.PISAN.PISAN of Kinza. According to Oğuz Soysal it can be assumed the goddess of Katapa can also be identified as a local form of Kataḫḫa. This city, as well as two further cult centers of Kataḫḫa, Šalampa and Tawiniya, were located in the proximity of Ankuwa. Furthermore, the goddess bearing this name associated with Ankuwa was venerated in Zippalanda as well. The two cities shared close religiously motivated ties with each other. However, it remains uncertain what, if any, relation existed between Kataḫḫa of Ankuwa and the weather god of Zippalanda, and while it has been proposed both that they were viewed as a couple or as", "title": "Kataḫḫa" }, { "docid": "55806464", "text": "Lillian Dolomite Kaushtupper is a fictional character on the Netflix original series Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt, portrayed by Carol Kane. She is Kimmy Schmidt (Ellie Kemper) and Titus Andromedon's (Titus Burgess) odd landlady and upstairs neighbor. She first met Titus at Pawn Werlt when he was going to sell his Barbies and leave New York; she offered him an apartment and several months of free rent. Kane has described her character as having \"a passionate, checkered past, and hopefully a passionate, checkered future.” On playing Lillian, Kane states that due to the quality of the writing of series creators Tina Fey and Robert Carlock, \"that basically if I can just remember what I’m supposed to say, it will come out OK.\" The scene where Lillian and Jacqueline White (Jane Krakowski) switch clothes was Kane's favorite of season 3. According to Tina Nigro, the series' costume designer, Lillian's outfits requires the least amount of effort out of the four main characters, mainly consisting of \"a lot of vintage.\" Matt Melis of Consequence of Sound identifies Lillian's \"doubl[ing] down on the MAGA approach in order to win her election\" in season 3 as an example of the series combining the insular world of East Dogmouth with events of the wider country. Biography The Kaushtupper family spent centuries hopping from one European country to another fleeing persecution for engaging in bestiality with cows. Once in New York, her family made a living as a \"living diorama in the tenement museum.\" Her parents are still alive and work at Greenwood Cemetery. An uncle of hers talked about the weather every nine minutes due to a mental illness; he was the closest thing her family had to a radio. Aquarius is her zodiac sign. In high school, her career aptitude test said she should be an unlicensed barber or a police informant; she claims to be both. She is also a drug lookout and a legal summons server. She models nude twice a week for what she is \"pretty sure is an art class.\" In the 1970s, she spent time as a standup comedian. She claims that Cindy Sherman does not exist; the famed photographer is merely a persona of herself that she created. For college, she went to SUNY Old Paltz. She had spent her life on the island of Manhattan until leaving it for the first time in the season 1 finale. However, she later says that she attended a summer camp on Roosevelt Island as a child. Waiting for the Second Avenue Subway to open, she lived in an apartment in Murray Hill. Sometime in the 1970s, she gave up waiting for the subway line to open and relocated to East Dogmouth. In \"Kimmy Drives a Car!\" she says to Titus \"you think I'm crazy just because they named that disorder after me;\" it would most likely be a mental disorder. She claims that there is a \"gigantic furry monster\" living in the neighborhood that only she can see. A roach that crawled", "title": "Lillian Kaushtupper" }, { "docid": "68428437", "text": "The European Forest Fire Information System (EFFIS) supports the services in charge of the protection of forests against fires in the EU and neighbor countries and provides the European Commission services and the European Parliament with updated and reliable information on wildland fires in Europe. The EFFIS started recording data in 2000. Since 1998, EFFIS is supported by a network of experts from the countries in what is called the Expert Group on Forest Fires, which is registered under the Secretariat General of the European Commission. Currently, this group consists on experts from 43 countries in European, Middle East and North African countries. In 2015, EFFIS became one of the components of the Emergency Management Services in the EU Copernicus program. See also List of wildfires#Europe References External links A number of specific applications are available through EFFIS: Current Situation Viewer (online) Firenews (current sitiuation) Long-term monthly fire weather forecast (online ) Long-term seasonalfire weather forecast (online ) Data and services (online) General Services in the European Commission Firefighting Forest ecology", "title": "European Forest Fire Information System" }, { "docid": "21295446", "text": "The Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) is a global numerical weather prediction system jointly developed and maintained by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) based in Reading, England, and Météo-France based in Toulouse. The version of the IFS run at ECMWF is often referred to as the \"ECMWF\" or the \"European model\" in North America, to distinguish it from the American Global Forecast System. Mechanism It comprises a spectral atmospheric model with a terrain-following vertical coordinate system coupled to a 4D-Var data assimilation system. In 1997 the IFS became the first operational forecasting system to use 4D-Var. Both ECMWF and Météo-France use the IFS to make operational weather forecasts, but using a different configuration and resolution (the Météo-France configuration is referred to as ARPEGE). It is one of the predominant global medium-range models in general use worldwide; its most prominent rivals in the 6–10 day medium range include the American Global Forecast System (GFS), the Canadian Global Environmental Multiscale Model (GEM and GDPS) and the UK Met Office's Unified Model. Variants ECMWF runs the IFS in several configurations. The highest resolution \"HRES\" configuration is run every 6 hours (00Z and 12Z out to 10 days, 06Z/18Z out to 90 hours) with a horizontal resolution of 9 km using 137 layers in the vertical. The 51-member ensemble system \"ENS\" is also run every twelve hours out to 15 days and every 06Z/18Z out to 6 days with a horizontal resolution of 18 km and 137 layers in the vertical. The ECMWF also runs a coarser version of the IFS out 45 days; this version is run weekly, with output in five-day intervals. There is also a version that runs out one year. All model versions except HRES are coupled to the ocean model NEMO. Usage Many ECMWF member states use ECMWF global forecasts to provide boundary conditions for their own higher resolution, limited domain forecasts. ECMWF forecasts are free to the national weather services of its member states, but a fee is charged to commercial users, while limited operational data (select variables from the HRES and ENS out ten days) is available direct to consumers under the noncommercial Creative Commons license prohibiting derivative works (CC-BY ND NC). In contrast, output from the GFS and GEM/GDPS is freely licensed to all users. The full IFS source code is available only to the national weather services of ECMWF member states,. The source code for the atmosphere model is available to other non-commercial users in the form of the OpenIFS which requires a free license. The EC-Earth climate model is based on the IFS. References External links ECMWF research page Changes in the ECMWF model ARPEGE-IFS IFS documentation ECWMF numerical models", "title": "Integrated Forecast System" }, { "docid": "2689202", "text": "Aeolus, or, in full, Atmospheric Dynamics Mission-Aeolus (ADM-Aeolus), was an Earth observation satellite operated by the European Space Agency (ESA). It was built by Airbus Defence and Space, launched on 22 August 2018, and operated until it was deorbited and re-entered the atmosphere over Antarctica on 28 July 2023. ADM-Aeolus was the first satellite with equipment capable of performing global wind-component-profile observation and provided much-needed information to improve weather forecasting. Aeolus was the first satellite capable of observing what the winds are doing on Earth, from the surface of the planet and into the stratosphere 30 km high. The satellite was named after Aeolus, a god from the Greek mythology, the ruler of the winds. Program The program was initially approved in 1999 for a 2007 launch but technological obstacles caused 11 years of delay, as it was launched on 22 August 2018. For an estimated €481 million (US$568 million) program cost, it was planned to provide 64,000 daily profiles from March or April 2019. Its altitude was a low for enough backscattered light sensibility, inducing a short 3 years life expectancy. Mission Aeolus was the fifth planned satellite in the Living Planet Programme (LPP) of the European Space Agency. The main goal of this mission was to further develop the knowledge of Earth's atmosphere and weather systems. By recording and monitoring the weather in different parts of the world, Aeolus allowed scientists to build complex weather models, which could then be used to help predict how that environment will behave in the future. These predictions were useful in the short-term, since they could be applied to numerical weather prediction in order to make forecasts more accurate. The mission thus improved the knowledge of all sorts of weather phenomena, from global warming to the effects of air pollution. Aeolus was seen as a mission that paved the way for future operational meteorological satellites dedicated to study Earth's wind profiles. Satellite The spacecraft was built by Airbus Defence and Space. In 2014, the integration of ALADIN instrument was completed and vacuum along with vibration testing begun. On 7 September 2016, ESA and Arianespace signed a contract to secure the launch of the Aeolus satellite. Scientific payload The wind-component profiles was measured by the Atmospheric LAser Doppler INstrument (ALADIN). ALADIN The ALADIN instrument (Atmospheric Laser Doppler Instrument) was a direct detection ultraviolet laser lidar consisting of three major elements: a transmitter, a combined Mie and Rayleigh backscattering receiver assembly, and a Cassegrain telescope with a diameter. The transmitter architecture was based on a 150 mJ pulsed diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser, frequency-tripled to provide 60 millijoules pulses of ultraviolet light at 355 nm. This frequency was chosen because of the increased Rayleigh scattering in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum, and because it was eye-safe at distances greater than several hundred metres. The Mie receiver consisted of a Fizeau interferometer with a resolution of 100 MHz (equivalent to 18 m/s). The received backscatter signal produces a linear fringe whose position was directly linked to", "title": "ADM-Aeolus" } ]	[ "Integrated Forecast System" ]
train_45912	what is the original name of south africa	[ { "docid": "44252", "text": "The Cape of Good Hope ( ) is a rocky headland on the Atlantic coast of the Cape Peninsula in South Africa. A common misconception is that the Cape of Good Hope is the southern tip of Africa, based on the misbelief that the Cape was the dividing point between the Atlantic and Indian oceans. In fact, the southernmost point of Africa is Cape Agulhas about to the east-southeast. The currents of the two oceans meet at the point where the warm-water Agulhas current meets the cold-water Benguela current and turns back on itself. That oceanic meeting point fluctuates between Cape Agulhas and Cape Point (about east of the Cape of Good Hope). When following the western side of the African coastline from the equator, however, the Cape of Good Hope marks the point where a ship begins to travel more eastward than southward. Thus, the first modern rounding of the cape in 1487 by Portuguese explorer Bartolomeu Dias was a milestone in the attempts by the Portuguese to establish direct trade relations with the Far East (although Herodotus mentioned a claim that the Phoenicians had done so far earlier). Dias called the cape ('Cape of Storms'; ), which was the original name of the cape. As one of the great capes of the South Atlantic Ocean, it has long been of special significance to sailors, many of whom refer to it simply as \"the Cape\". It is a waypoint on the Cape Route and the clipper route followed by clipper ships to the Far East and Australia, and still followed by several offshore yacht races. The term Cape of Good Hope is also used in three other ways: It is a section of the Table Mountain National Park, within which the cape of the same name, as well as Cape Point, falls. Prior to its incorporation into the national park, this section constituted the Cape Point Nature Reserve. It was the name of the early Cape Colony established by the Dutch East Indies Company in 1652, on the Cape Peninsula. Just before the Union of South Africa was formed, the term referred to the entire region that in 1910 was to become the Cape of Good Hope Province (usually shortened to the Cape Province). History Eudoxus of Cyzicus (; , ; ) was a Greek navigator for Ptolemy VIII, king of the Hellenistic Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt. In or about 116 BCE, while returning from a voyage to India, Eudoxus found the wreck of a ship that appeared to have originated in Gades (later Cádiz), in what was then Roman Hispania Baetica. At the time, the only way such a vessel could have reached the Indian Ocean was by rounding the Cape. When Eudoxus was returning from his second voyage to India, the wind forced him south of the Gulf of Aden and down the coast of Africa for some distance. Somewhere along the coast of East Africa, he found the remains of the ship. Due to its appearance", "title": "Cape of Good Hope" }, { "docid": "2576407", "text": "The South African Party (, ) was a political party that existed in the Union of South Africa from 1911 to 1934. History The outline and foundation for the party was realized after the election of a 'South African party' in the 1910 South African general election under the leadership of Louis Botha. It was made up predominantly of Afrikaner parties: Het Volk from the Transvaal Afrikaner Bond and South African Party from the Cape Colony Orangia Unie from the Orange River Colony The South African Party of the Cape Colony was launched by William Schreiner, the former attorney-general under the leadership of Cecil Rhodes. The party was intended to project a more moderate platform than that of the Afrikaner Bond. This party also advocated more peaceful relations with neighboring states, especially the Transvaal. Schreiner originally formed the party to oppose the \"personal domination of Mr. Rhodes.\" Eventually, the Afrikaner Bond would lend their support to form a new government. Initially its main political opposition came from Unionist Party, which supported similar policies, but was more English-speaking and took an instinctively pro-British stance. The SAP would solidify after the departure of Barry Hertzog and more radical Boer nationalists who formed the National Party. Rising discontent with the economic policies of the SAP during the bad economic times of the early 1920s culminated in a general strike in 1922. Though a combination of military intervention and negotiation ended the strike, the memory of it remained when the government, now a SAP-Unionist coalition government under the leadership of Jan Smuts, faced the 1924 South African general election, in which it was defeated by a National-Labour coalition. The SAP remained in opposition with its Unionist allies until the unrest of the Great Depression forced Prime Minister Barry Hertzog of the Nationalists to form a coalition government and on 5 December 1934 a merger which created the United South African National Party (more commonly known as the United Party). From the beginning, a hardliner nationalist faction refused to accept the merger. The remaining nationalists later withdrew from the United Party in 1939, after which what remained was essentially the old SAP under a new name. Nevertheless, the United Party name was retained. Electoral history House of Assembly elections Note References Political parties established in 1911 Defunct political parties in South Africa 1911 establishments in South Africa Political parties disestablished in 1934 Afrikaner organizations Afrikaner nationalism Conservative parties in South Africa Liberal parties in South Africa Protestant political parties", "title": "South African Party" }, { "docid": "37595609", "text": "The British South Africa Company's administration of what became Rhodesia was chartered in 1889 by Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom, and began with the Pioneer Column's march north-east to Mashonaland in 1890. Empowered by its charter to acquire, govern and develop the area north of the Transvaal in southern Africa, the Company, headed by Cecil Rhodes, raised its own armed forces and carved out a huge bloc of territory through treaties, concessions and occasional military action, most prominently overcoming the Matabele army in the First and Second Matabele Wars of the 1890s. By the turn of the century, Rhodes's Company held a vast, land-locked country, bisected by the Zambezi river. It officially named this land Rhodesia in 1895, and ran it until the early 1920s. The area south of the Zambezi became Southern Rhodesia, while that to the north became North-Western and North-Eastern Rhodesia, which were joined in 1911 to form Northern Rhodesia. Within Northern Rhodesia, there was a separate Kingdom called Barotseland which later became a British protectorate alongside other territories under the British sphere of influence. Each territory was administered separately, with an administrator heading each territorial legislature. In Southern Rhodesia, which attracted the most white immigrants and developed fastest, a legislative council was established in 1898. This comprised a blend of Company-nominated officials and elected members, with the numbers of each fluctuating over time. Partially motivated by Rhodes's dream of a Cape to Cairo Railway, railway and telegraph lines were laid across previously barren Rhodesia with great speed, linking South Africa to the Belgian Congo's southern Katanga province by 1910. The British South Africa Police, responsible for law enforcement in Southern Rhodesia, was established in 1896. A number of police forces north of the river amalgamated to form the Northern Rhodesia Police in 1911. Northern and Southern Rhodesians fought alongside the British in the Second Boer War and the First World War; about 40% of Southern Rhodesian white men fought in the latter, mostly on the Western Front in Europe. Black soldiers served in East Africa with the Rhodesia Native Regiment. As the number of elected members in the Legislative Council rose, power in Southern Rhodesia gradually transferred from complete Company rule to effective self-government by the growing number of white settlers. In a 1922 referendum, Southern Rhodesians chose responsible government within the British Empire over incorporation into the Union of South Africa. The Company's charter was duly revoked by Whitehall in 1923, and Southern Rhodesia became a self-governing colony of Britain in October that year. Northern Rhodesia became a directly-run British protectorate in April 1924. Origins Rhodes' dream Amid the Scramble for Africa during the 1880s, the South African-based businessman and politician Cecil Rhodes envisioned the annexation to the British Empire of a bloc of territory connecting the Cape of Good Hope and Cairo—respectively at the southern and northern tips of Africa—and the concurrent construction of a line of rail linking the two. On geopolitical maps, British territories were generally marked in red or pink,", "title": "Company rule in Rhodesia" } ]	[ { "docid": "6771226", "text": "The following tables give an overview of notable finds of hominin fossils and remains relating to human evolution, beginning with the formation of the tribe Hominini (the divergence of the human and chimpanzee lineages) in the late Miocene, roughly 7 to 8 million years ago. As there are thousands of fossils, mostly fragmentary, often consisting of single bones or isolated teeth with complete skulls and skeletons rare, this overview is not complete, but shows some of the most important findings. The fossils are arranged by approximate age as determined by radiometric dating and/or incremental dating and the species name represents current consensus; if there is no clear scientific consensus the other possible classifications are indicated. The early fossils shown are not considered ancestors to Homo sapiens but are closely related to ancestors and are therefore important to the study of the lineage. After 1.5 million years ago (extinction of Paranthropus), all fossils shown are human (genus Homo). After 11,500 years ago (11.5 ka, beginning of the Holocene), all fossils shown are Homo sapiens (anatomically modern humans), illustrating recent divergence in the formation of modern human sub-populations. Late Miocene (7.2–5.5 million years old) The chimpanzee–human divergence likely took place during around 10 to 7 million years ago. The list of fossils begins with Graecopithecus, dated some 7.2 million years ago, which may or may not still be ancestral to both the human and the chimpanzee lineage. For the earlier history of the human lineage, see Timeline of human evolution#Hominidae, Hominidae#Phylogeny. Pliocene (5.3–2.58 million years old) Pleistocene Lower Paleolithic: 2.58–0.3 million years old Middle Paleolithic: 300,000–50,000 years old Upper Paleolithic: 50,000–11,500 years old Holocene (11,500–5,000 years old) Abbreviations used in fossil catalog name ALAfar Locality, Ethiopia ARA-VPAramis Vertebrate Paleontology, Ethiopia BAR(Lukeino, Tugen Hills) Baringo District, Kenya BOU-VPBouri Vertebrate Paleontology, Ethiopia DDmanisi, Georgia EREast (Lake) Rudolf, Kenya KGAKonso-Gardula, Ethiopia KNMKenya National Museum KPKanapoi, Kenya LBLiang Bua, Indonesia LHLaetoli Hominid 4, Tanzania MHMalapa Hominin, South Africa NGNgandong, Indonesia OHOlduvai Hominid, Tanzania SKSwartkrans, South Africa Sts, StwSterkfontein, South Africa TMTransvaal Museum, South Africa TMToros-Menalla, Chad WTWest (Lake) Turkana, Kenya See also Human timeline List of archaeological sites by continent and age List of first human settlements List of fossil primates List of fossil sites List of mummies List of transitional fossils Timeline of human evolution Timeline of prehistory Further reading Gibbons, Ann. The First Human: The Race to Discover our Earliest Ancestor. Anchor Books (2007). . Johanson, Donald & Wong, Kate. Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. Three Rivers Press (2009). (Note: this book contains very useful, information dense chapters on primate evolution in general, and human evolution in particular, including fossil history). Leakey, Richard & Lewin, Roger. Origins Reconsidered: In Search of What Makes us Human. Little, Brown and Company (1992). Lewin, Roger. Bones of Contention: Controversies in the Search for Human Origins. Penguin Books (1987). Morwood, Mike & van Oosterzee, Penny. A New Human: The Startling Discovery and Strange Story of the 'Hobbits' of Flores, Indonesia. Smithsonian Books (2007). Oppenheimer, Stephen. Out", "title": "List of human evolution fossils" }, { "docid": "41750298", "text": "Inboekstelsel was a system of indentured child labour instituted by Europeans in Southern Africa during the 18th and 19th centuries. The word is derived from the Dutch verb inboeken (register; literally \"in-book\"), referring to the requirement of entering the names and details of the inboekeling (also spelled inboekseling), or apprentices, in the Landdros's register. It is widely seen as a form of slavery by historians of South Africa. The system had its origin in the Cape Northern Frontier during the second half of the 18th century, when settlers would capture native children, and force them to work as indentured labourers until adulthood. When Boer trekkers migrated into the Transvaal during the 1840s, they brought the inboekstelsel system with them. Inboekelinge children were captured during raids, or handed over as apprentices by their conquered parents in return for land or goods. In some cases they were sold by Boer settlers to other burghers, in what became known as the trade in \"black ivory\". In the Transvaal, the inboekelings numbered about 4,000 in 1866, nearly one for every ten settlers. In 1869 the synod of the Dutch Reformed Church adopted a resolution condemning the practice, but rescinded it two years later on the grounds that the system no longer existed. In the Transvaal, legislation required that males be released from indenture at the age of 25, while females were released at 21, but the law was not always observed in remote frontier districts. British attitudes towards the Inboekstelsel system were ambivalent. The British administration of Transvaal between 1877 and 1881 did not affect it. Historians like Elizabeth Eldredge and Fred Morton have argued that Inboekstelsel was a system of slavery. Although legal slavery was formerly abolished in the Cape colony in 1834, the inboekstelling system allowed white settlers to continue to practice forced labour. See also Griqua people Restavec, a similar system in modern Haiti Slavery in South Africa References External links Slavery in the South African Interior During the 19th Century Unfree labour Apprenticeship History of South Africa Afrikaans words and phrases", "title": "Inboekstelsel" }, { "docid": "66238833", "text": "The Montebello Design Centre is a non-profit art and craft space established in 1993 and located in Newlands, Cape Town, South Africa. The centre hosts over twenty craft workshops, shops, restaurants, and artist studios. History Situated beneath Devil's Peak, the design centre stands in what was once a substantial tract of woods. Described on 6 May 1652 as a, \"fine, large forest of very tall, straight growing trees\" these lands were the hunting and grazing grounds of the Khoisan Cochoqua people. Remnants of these original forests can still be seen on the lower slopes of the mountain. The Dutch East India Company established the brewer Ruttgert Menssink on the site in 1696. By the late 19th century the area was an outlying suburb of Cape Town. After passing through several owners, Daniel Cloete built the existing homestead in about 1875 that later became the South African College School's Michaelis House. The adjacent face brick stables currently housing the Montebello Design Centre were built in about 1880. The complex is considered one of the finest of its period in South Africa. Cape Town brewer Anders Ohlsson purchased the estate from Cloete in 1888 and named it Montebello. Ohlsson, who established Ohlsson's Brewery on the site sometime after 1881. Montebello sits on the site of the brewery's stables which housed the horses that helped support the brewery's logistical operations. The site was sold to the randlord Max Michaelis in 1919 when automotives started replacing horse-drawn wagons. His son, the artist Cecil Michaelis, first experimented with South African clays and kaolin in the late 1940s. Design centre Prior to returning to South Africa, Cecil Michaelis' 1935 founding of Rycotewood College for the arts and skilled associated trades in Oxfordshire, United Kingdom, had convinced him an equivalent institution sited at Montebello would succeed in a country where much creative expression was still seen as derivative. First mooted in the 1950s, this ideal would take over thirty years to be realised. Following the expropriation of the main house and estate from the Michaelis family to house South African College Schools the remaining stables were donated to University of Cape Town in 1988 on condition that a craft and design centre would be established on it. A further financial bequest by Cecil Michaelis allowed for the establishment of the Montebello Design Centre in 1993. Notable residencies John Bauer, potter. David Krut, art publisher and dealer. References Cape Town Newlands, Cape Town Arts centres Arts organisations based in South Africa Entertainment venues in South Africa", "title": "Montebello Design Centre" }, { "docid": "72209204", "text": "The 2022 South Africa rugby union tour of Europe was a series of matches played in November 2022 in Europe by the South Africa national rugby union team. The tour included four test matches against Ireland, France, Italy and England. The tour also featured two mid-week matches played by South Africa A against club sides Munster and Bristol Bears. Squads South Africa squad The South Africa squad for the tour was named on the 28 October 2022. 1On 4 November, Sbu Nkosi and Marco van Staden withdrew from the squad through injury. South Africa A squad The South Africa A squad was also named on the 28 October 2022. 1On 4 November 2022, Jan-Hendrik Wessels withdrew from the squad due to injury. Elrigh Louw, Leolin Zas and JJ Kotze were called up to the South Africa A squad. 2On 7 November 2022, Dan du Preez and Jean-Luc du Preez were named as part of the South Africa A squad to play Munster despite not being named in the original South Africa A squad. Test Matches Notes: Robbie Henshaw (Ireland) had originally been named to start, but withdrew the day before the match due to injury. He was replaced by Stuart McCloskey, whose place on the bench was taken by Jimmy O'Brien. Jimmy O'Brien (Ireland) made his international debut. Conor Murray (Ireland) became the eighth Irishman to earn his 100th test cap for Ireland. Notes: Jasper Wiese (South Africa) had originally been named to start, but withdrew prior to the match due to injury. He was replaced by Kwagga Smith, whose place on the bench was taken by Deon Fourie. Bastien Chalureau, Reda Wardi (both France) and Manie Libbok (South Africa) made their international debuts. Notes: South Africa recorded their biggest ever away victory over Italy (excluding their meeting in the 2019 Rugby World Cup, which took place in a neutral venue). Notes: Manu Tuilagi (England) earned his 50th test cap. Mid-week matches Player of the match: Paddy Patterson (Munster) Player of the match: Joe Batley (Bristol Bears) References", "title": "2022 South Africa rugby union tour of Europe" }, { "docid": "30861369", "text": "Louis Trichardt (formerly Trichardtsdorp, and Makhado from 2003 to 2014), informally shortened to Louis Tri (), is a town at the foot of Songozwi, in the Soutpansberg mountain range in the Limpopo province of South Africa. It is the centre of the Makhado Local Municipality, which comprises 16,000 km² with a population of 270,000 (2001). Louis Trichardt is located in a fertile region where litchis, bananas, mangoes and nuts are produced. The N1 National Route runs through the town. Louis Trichardt is 437 kilometres from Johannesburg and one hour's drive from the Zimbabwean border at Beitbridge. Louis Trichardt was known for a time as Makhado, but it was changed back to Louis Trichardt. Vleifontein, Elim, Tshikota, Madombidzha, Makhado Park and Dzanani surround the town in all directions. History Like many other towns in South Africa, Louis Trichardt had its origins in Voortrekker settlement of the area. Two groups of Trekkers reached the Soutpansberg mountain range in 1836, one under the leadership of Louis Tregardt (born near Oudtshoorn, South Africa, 10 August 1783) and another under Hans van Rensburg. Van Rensburg decided to lead his group to Sofala (near current Beira), Mozambique, but his entire party was killed en route. Trigardt and his group stayed near the mountain, camping near what eventually became the town of Louis Trichardt. They planted crops and started exploring the area northwards in an attempt to locate Van Rensburg and his group. After spending a year in the area, they decided to head for the fort at Delagoa Bay, a journey that took them 7 months to complete, during which more than half the group perished (including Tregardt himself). Other trekkers soon settled nearby, at Schoemansdal, clashing with the Venda people who dwelt there. The town of Trichardtsdorp was finally founded in February 1899. The Trekkers settled on the northern part of what would later become a town while the Venda people resided at the southern part, about 800 meters apart. When the Trekkers decided to build a town they moved the Venda people and constructed firms in the exact area. The people moved in different directions but most were moved to the dry lands, west of the town, that would later become known as Madombidzha, and they later stretched further west along the mountain. Their area grew over the years and was shared amongst two chiefs. The area is well known as Ha-Sinthumule/Kutama or simply Dzanani 2. Amongst the youth the name \"Western\" is fairly popular, as emphasizes that the area is far west of the Venda tribe. Here are the villages’ names: Climate Louis Trichardt has a subtropical climate. The winters are characterised by mild afternoons and cool evenings. Winters usually last from June to August. Summers experience warm and often humid temperatures with the occasional afternoon thunderstorm. Most of Louis Trichardt's rainfall occurs in the summer months, from November to March. The last few years have seen some water restrictions put in place by the municipality mainly due to drought in the area", "title": "Louis Trichardt" }, { "docid": "3374721", "text": "The Dutch Reformed Church (, abbreviated NGK) is a Reformed Christian denomination in South Africa. It also has a presence in neighbouring countries, such as Namibia, Eswatini, and parts of Botswana, Zimbabwe and Zambia. In 2013 it claimed 1.1 million members and 1,602 ordained ministers in 1,158 congregations. The Nederduits in the denomination's Afrikaans name refers to the old nomenclature for the Dutch language, formerly written as Nederduitsch in Dutch. This not to be confused with the literal translation Low German, which is a dialect in the north of Germany. It is therefore correctly referred to as the \"Dutch Reformed Church\" in South Africa. Originating in the 17th century from the Dutch Reformed Church of the Netherlands, the NGK is the largest denomination within South Africa's Dutch Reformed tradition. Along with the Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa (NHK) and the Reformed Churches in South Africa, it is considered one of the three sister churches of South Africa. History Origins in the Cape Colony When the Dutch East India Company sent Jan van Riebeeck to start a Dutch settlement at the Cape of Good Hope in 1652, most of the company's employees were members of the Dutch Reformed Church. At first there were no ordained ministers from the Netherlands but only a sick comforter. In 1665, Johan van Arckel arrived in the Cape Colony and became its first minister. A consistory was formed but was still subject to the control of the classis (presbytery) of Amsterdam. In 1688, 200 Huguenot refugees arrived at the Cape. Though at first allowed to hold services in French, they were eventually assimilated into the Dutch-speaking population and became members of the Dutch Reformed Church, which had a monopoly in territory controlled by the company. An exception was eventually allowed for a Lutheran church in Cape Town (many of the company's employees were German). During the Napoleonic Wars, the British occupied the Cape Colony in 1795 to prevent the French from doing so. The French had occupied the Netherlands, and so the link between the church in the colony and the Amsterdam classis was broken. The first British occupation was temporary, but in 1806 a long-term occupation was undertaken. For the next century, the colony would be under British control. Ministers from the Netherlands were not as willing to serve in what was now for them a foreign country, and the British authorities were not keen to have them. Presbyterian ministers from Scotland were encouraged to serve the needs of the Dutch Reformed Church in the Cape. The church was semi-established, and the government helped with stipends of ministers. Divisions (1853–1859) The colony had expanded a long way beyond the Cape Peninsula in the preceding two centuries, both to the north and the east, and on the eastern frontier the Dutch farmers came into contact with Xhosa-speaking cattle herders. There were conflicts over grazing and water and cattle rustling across the frontier. The frontier farmers did not like the way the government in Cape Town", "title": "Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa (NGK)" }, { "docid": "193606", "text": "The Drakensberg (Zulu: uKhahlamba, Sotho: Maloti, Afrikaans: Drakensberge) is the eastern portion of the Great Escarpment, which encloses the central Southern African plateau. The Great Escarpment reaches its greatest elevation – within the border region of South Africa and Lesotho. The Drakensberg escarpment stretches for more than from the Eastern Cape Province in the South, then successively forms, in order from south to north, the border between Lesotho and the Eastern Cape and the border between Lesotho and KwaZulu-Natal Province. Thereafter it forms the border between KwaZulu-Natal and the Free State, and next as the border between KwaZulu-Natal and Mpumalanga Province. The escarpment winds north from there, through Mpumalanga, where it includes features such as the Blyde River Canyon, Three Rondavels, and God's Window. It then extends farther north to Hoedspruit in southeastern Limpopo where it is known as 'Klein Drakensberg' by the Afrikaner. From Hoedspruit it extends west to Tzaneen, also in Limpopo Province, where it is known as the Wolkberg Mountains and Iron Crown Mountain. At above sea level, the Wolkberg is the highest elevation in Limpopo. The escarpment extends west again and at Mokopane it is known as the Strydpoort Mountains. Etymology The Afrikaans name Drakensberge comes from the name the earliest Dutch settlers gave to the escarpment, namely Drakensbergen, or Dragons' Mountains. The highest portion of the Great Escarpment is known in Zulu as uKhahlamba and as Maloti in Sotho (\"Barrier of up-pointed spears\"). Geology Origins The Great Escarpment is composed of steep rift valley walls formed around a bulging of continental crust during the breakup of southern Gondwana that have since eroded inland from their original positions near the southern African coast, and its entire eastern portion (see the accompanying map) constitutes the Drakensberg. The Drakensberg terminate in the north near Tzaneen at about the 22° S parallel. The absence of the Great Escarpment for approximately to the north of Tzaneen (to reappear on the border between Zimbabwe and Mozambique in the Chimanimani Mountains) is due to a failed westerly branch of the main rift that caused Antarctica to start drifting away from southern Africa during the breakup of Gondwana about 150 million years ago. The lower Limpopo River and Save River drain into the Indian Ocean through what remains of this relict incipient rift valley, which now forms part of the South African Lowveld. During the past 20 million years, southern Africa has experienced massive uplifting, especially in the east, with the result that most of the plateau lies above despite extensive erosion. The plateau is tilted such that it is highest in the east and slopes gently downward toward the west and south. Typically, the elevation of the edge of the eastern escarpments is in excess of . It reaches its highest point of over where the escarpment forms part of the international border between Lesotho and the South African province of KwaZulu-Natal. Appearance The escarpment seen from below resembles a range of mountains. The Limpopo, Mpumalanga, and Lesotho Drakensberg have hard erosion-resistant", "title": "Drakensberg" }, { "docid": "508825", "text": "Hhohho () is a region of Eswatini, located in the north western part of the country. Hhohho was named after the capital of King Mswati II, who expanded the Swazi territory to the north and west, taking in the districts of Barberton, Nelspruit, Carolina and Piet Retief. These areas were later acquired by what was the Province of Transvaal and today they form part of the Mpumalanga Province of South Africa. It has an area of 3,625.17 km², a population of 320,651 (2017), and is divided into 14 tinkhundla. The administrative center is the national capital of Mbabane. It borders Lubombo Region on the southeast and Manzini Region in the southwest. Etymology The name Hhohho was the name of the royal capital of Mswati II, a 19th-century king of Eswatini. After the Anglo-Boer war, Eswatini came under British administration. A partition of the country into districts followed and Hhohho was the name chosen for the northernmost district. History The region of Eswatini which is today Hhohho was inhabited in earlier times by the Khoisan people. Later, Bantu settlers of Nguni and Sotho origin established settlements in the area. The land was later conquered by King Sobhuza I in the early 19th century as he relocated his capital from Zombodze in present-day Shiselweni, to Zombodze in the centre of Eswatini. Sotho clans such as the Gama, Mnisi and Magagula, and Nguni clans such as the Maseko, were incorporated into the Swazi state. The royal capital of Sobhuza was built in what forms the Ezulwini valley (valley of heaven). This land was chosen for its impenetrability by invaders, and for its fertility, and good rivers. Under the rule of King Mswati II, the royal capital of the king was constructed north of the country and was called Hhohho. This is the eponym of the Hhohho region. This briefly shifted the political centre of Eswatini northwards, first to minimise the danger of invasion by Zulu forces from the south, and later to expand and conquer lands in the north. Indeed, Mswati's armies expanded the territory of Eswatini. More royal outposts were constructed in towns that are now in South Africa's Mpumalanga province. The loss of the territory occurred after Mswati's reign had ended, and was spurred by the concession hunters, and settlers in the territory that became the Transvaal Republic. During Eswatini's status as a British protectorate (1903–68), the borders of Hhohho were officially drawn, with its capital – and that of the country – being Mbabane. The British resident commissioner had his offices in the town. The city, the meaning of whose name is believed to originate from a “small and bitter highveld plant” that grew in the area, is named after Chief Mbabane Kunene. Industry In the northwest of Eswatini, gold was discovered, drawing a large number of miners and settlers in the area. Gold deposits were first recorded around Piggs Peak mine during modern times in 1872 and in 1884 a gold-bearing reef was discovered in the hills to the", "title": "Hhohho Region" }, { "docid": "2250390", "text": "Troyeville is a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa. It is a small suburb found on the eastern edge of the Johannesburg CBD, with the suburbs of New Doornfontein, Bertrams and Lorentzville to the north, Fairview to the south and Kensington to its east. The main road through the suburb is Albertina Sisulu Road, which connects the CBD to Johannesburg's eastern suburbs and towns of the East Rand. It is located in Region F of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality. History Troyeville was founded as the gold rush happened and people tried to build homes and churches away from the centre of mining. The suburb was founded on one of the original farms on the Witwatersrand, after a strip of land was sold from the farm Doornfontein. The land was purchased by Hollanders, Van Boeschoten and Lorentz. Their land was surveyed by Gustav Arthur Troye and is named after this surveyor. The survey did not take into count the contours of the land and hence there are steep slopes in the suburb. The street names all have Netherlands origins. During 1895, the plots of land were being sold for an average price of £30. Mohandas Gandhi lived in Troyeville from a period between 1904 and 1906, with the house still in existence at 11 Albermarle Street. The oldest Baptist church in South Africa is in Troyeville dating from 1897 when it was started by missionaries. An anti-apartheid activist David Webster lived on Eleanor Street at what is now called the David Webster House. The front of the house is decorated to celebrate his life and his murder for his beliefs. Education Laërskool Johan Rissik was an Afrikaans language primary school. It included a junior school for kindergarten and first grade and a senior school for students from grades 2 to 5. The junior school was on what was then Kitchener Street (now Albertina Sisulu Road) and the senior school adjoining that street and Pretoria Street. The school was named after the first administrator of the Transvaal, Johann Rissik. It closed on 3 December 1991. Gallery References Johannesburg Region F", "title": "Troyeville" }, { "docid": "1210028", "text": "At least thirty-five languages are spoken in South Africa, twelve of which are official languages of South Africa: Ndebele, Pedi, Sotho, South African Sign Language, Swazi, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Afrikaans, Xhosa, Zulu and English, which is the primary language used in parliamentary and state discourse, though all official languages are equal in legal status. In addition, South African Sign Language was recognised as the twelfth official language of South Africa by the National Assembly on 3 May 2023. Unofficial languages are protected under the Constitution of South Africa, though few are mentioned by any name. Unofficial and marginalised languages include what are considered some of Southern Africa's oldest languages: Khoekhoegowab, !Orakobab, Xirikobab, N\|uuki, ǃXunthali, and Khwedam; and other African languages, such as SiPhuthi, IsiHlubi, SiBhaca, SiLala, SiNhlangwini (IsiZansi), SiNrebele (SiSumayela), IsiMpondo/IsiMpondro, IsiMpondomise/IsiMpromse/Isimpomse, KheLobedu, SePulana, HiPai, SeKutswe, SeṰokwa, SeHananwa, SiThonga, SiLaNgomane, SheKgalagari, XiRhonga, SeKopa (Sekgaga), and others. Most South Africans can speak more than one language, and there is very often a diglossia between the official and unofficial language forms for speakers of the latter. Language demographics The most common language spoken as a first language by South Africans is Zulu (23 percent), followed by Xhosa (16 percent), and Afrikaans (14 percent). English is the fourth most common first language in the country (9.6%), but is understood in most urban areas and is the dominant language in government and the media. The majority of South Africans speak a language from one of the two principal branches of the native Bantu languages that are represented in South Africa: the Sotho–Tswana branch (which includes Southern Sotho, Northern Sotho and Tswana languages officially), or the Nguni branch (which includes Zulu, Xhosa, Swati and Ndebele languages officially). For each of the two groups, the languages within that group are for the most part intelligible to a native speaker of any other language within that group. The indigenous African languages of South Africa which are official, and therefore dominant, can be divided into two geographical zones, with Nguni languages being predominant in the south-eastern third of the country (Indian Ocean coast) and Sotho-Tswana languages being predominant in the northern third of the country located further inland, as also in Botswana and Lesotho. Gauteng is the most linguistically heterogeneous province, with roughly equal numbers of Nguni, Sotho-Tswana and Indo-European language speakers, with Khoekhoe influence. This has resulted in the spread of an urban argot, Tsotsitaal or S'Camtho/Ringas, in large urban townships in the province, which has spread nationwide. Tsotsitaal in its original form as \"Flaaitaal\" was based on Afrikaans, a colonial language derived from Dutch, which is the most widely spoken language in the western half of the country (Western and Northern Cape). Afrikaans is spoken as first language by approximately 61 percent of whites and 76 percent of Coloured people. This racial term is popularly considered to mean \"mixed race\", as it represents to some degree a creole population many of whom are descendants of slave populations imported by the Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie (VOC) from slaving", "title": "Languages of South Africa" }, { "docid": "2670810", "text": "Zef () is a South African counter-culture movement. Kyle Hans Brockmann has compared zef counter-culture to many similar anarchic sub-cultures in the northern hemisphere. Etymology Yolandi Visser of Die Antwoord said, \"It's associated with people who soup their cars up and rock gold and shit. Zef is, you're poor but you're fancy. You're poor but you're sexy, you've got style.\" The concept of \"zef\" originated in the 1960s and 1970s as a derogatory term to refer to working class whites, including residents of caravan parks. It is a shortening of the name of the Ford Zephyr motorcar that was popular worldwide from the 1950s to the 1970s. In South Africa, these cars were often customized with enhanced engines, tires and wheels. Frikkie Lombard, editor of the Woordeboek van die Afrikaanse Taal, has explained zef as \"something which is usually considered to be common, but nowadays has credibility.\" The term also appears in Werner Herzog's memoir Of Walking in Ice of 1978. Zef music and culture The music group Die Antwoord self-identifies as \"zef\" in style. In a 2010 interview, Ninja of Die Antwoord responded to the controversy arising from his claim that zef represented South Africa. Critics suggested it might rather just represent (Afrikaans) white South Africa. He commented that \"racism is somewhat obsolete and a thing of the past for South Africans.\" In the same interview, Ninja describes that zef is a style of music and a style of subculture, comparing it to hip-hop in its role in society. In a featurette for Die Antwoord's role in the film Chappie, Ninja states that zef means \"that you literally don't care what anyone else thinks of you; like, you represent yourself in your music, in how you dress, in how you think, how you speak.\" In 2013, a \"satirical blog\" originally titled Zef Kinners briefly became a viral success in South Africa (and then faced legal claims) after it was started as a student school project, posting photos of people the blog considered to exemplify zef. The blog's creator commented, \"Jack Parow and Die Antwoord are not zef. That's the safe version of zef. Zef has a dirty face.\" Authors Ross Truscott and Maria Brock have perceived the \"rise of zef culture\" to be an expression of \"Afrikaner self-parody\" growing out of a sense of \"national melancholia\" in post-apartheid South Africa. They note similarities to earlier touchstones of South African culture such as the anti-apartheid Voëlvry Movement, the satirical magazine Bitterkomix, and the alternative rock band Fokofpolisiekar. Similarly, playwright/academic Anton Krueger has posited that the \"embrace of the vulgarity embodied by Zef\" is in part an \"outlet\" for a post-apartheid \"sense of shame\". Other performers who have been identified as exponents of zef include Voëlvry leader Koos Kombuis, comic performers Corné and Twakkie (Louw Venter and Rob van Vuuren) of The Most Amazing Show, and the comedy group Zef Sketse, known for their 2006 TV series Kompleks. Associated artists Die Antwoord Jack Parow References Afrikaans words and phrases Fashion aesthetics", "title": "Zef" }, { "docid": "5322109", "text": "Hog Hoggidy Hog was a band from Cape Town, South Africa. The band blended a mixture of punk, ska and many other influences, including traditional African music to create an original sound, sometimes referred to as Porkrock. The band was active within the South African music scene from 1995 to 2015. They toured the European circuit from 2005 until 2015. They were one of the longest standing live acts in South Africa and are often regarded as the best band that ever came out from South Africa for their intensely original music. They are credited as being the frontrunners and founders of the SA punk scene and are sometimes also referred to as the godfathers of punk in SA, regularly cited as being the first punks in SA to have mohawks and dreadlocks. They have also had a profound impact on South African alternative music influencing bands from The Rudimentals, Half Price to Fokofpolisiekar. History Formation and early years (1995–97) The original line-up of Hog Hoggidy Hog was George Bacon on vocals, Sean Snout on Bass, Peter Porker on Drums and Amos Keeto on guitar. Bacon and Snout both played in thrash/hardcore/ska/punk band, Leviathan (which eventually set the blueprint for much of what became the Hog Hoggidy Hog sound). Keeto played in surf/thrash band, Cerebral Frenzy and Porker was the drummer for death metal band, Decimated. Bacon, Keeto and Porker all attended the same college together. Keeto and Bacon had also known each other previously from the beach in the Cape Town surf scene and they all knew each other from the relatively small Cape Town underground music scene. So when all of their respective bands broke up around the same time, they decided to form Hog Hoggidy Hog. It wasn't always an obvious choice of band members. Apparently Poker wanted to, \"...start a band that sings about death and Satan\" and Skeeto wasn't really a big fan of ska or punk. The band admits to thinking that nothing serious would ever come of Hog Hoggidy Hog, but they went ahead and made it official on 24 June 1995. Because they all had quite different influences, the band didn't actually decide on a genre and their intention was to borrow from any and all genres and see what came of it. After only a few months together, the band played their first show at The Purple Turtle opening up for The Springbok Nude Girls. Right up until ten minutes before they went on stage, they were still undecided on a name for the band. Bacon and Skeeto wanted to call the band The Dingleberries, whereas Snout and Porker wanted to call it Hog Hoggidy Hog. Evidently it was Snout that made the final call, Bacon and Keeto weren't happy, but as they hardly expected the band to last, they didn't think too much of it. It is unclear exactly where the name Hog Hoggidy Hog originated. The band like to make fun of this question in interviews and generally give", "title": "Hog Hoggidy Hog" }, { "docid": "1417814", "text": "Winburg is a small mixed farming town in the Free State province of South Africa. It is the oldest proclaimed town (1837) in the Orange Free State, South Africa and thus along with Griquastad, one of the oldest settlements in South Africa located north of the Orange River. It is situated where the N1 National Highway (which goes north to Johannesburg and south to Cape Town) meets the N5 National Route (which goes east to Harrismith). The nearest city, Bloemfontein, is 120 km away southwards via the N1. History A small group of 11 Voortrekker settlers, led by Andries Hendrik Potgieter, first arrived in the area of Winburg in 1835. They were able to buy access to the land between the Vaal and Vet rivers – virtually the entire northern part of what is now the Free State – from the local Bataung Chief, Makwana, in 1836, by promising protection from rival tribes and offering 42 head of cattle. Within a year, more than 1,000 settler families had gathered in the region, making the need for an administrative and religious centre urgent. But the Voortrekker leaders disagreed over where to establish such a town. In 1841 a vote was held, with Andries Pretorius's group winning and electing to establish the town in its current position, on what was then the farm Waaifontein (\"windy spring\"), owned by Jacobus de Beer. Legend has it that the new town was named Wenburg (\"victory town\") to commemorate this, and holds that the site nominated by the losers is today still called Mompeling (\"muttering\"). Alternative explanations suggest the name commemorates the 1837 Voortrekker victory over the Ndebele. Prior to 1843 Winburg formed part of the Boer Republic of Natalia (Port Natal, Pietermaritzburg). Following the British annexation of Natal in 1843, Winburg became the first capital of the Voortrekker republic of the Orange Free State. Winburg was granted municipal status in 1872, by which time the capital had been moved to Bloemfontein. Winburg continued, however, to act as a settlement and religious centre for the local settlers. The town was originally selected as the site for the main Voortrekker Monument, but Pretoria won favour and a five-tiered secondary Voortrekker monument was built on the outskirts of Winburg instead in the 1950s. It carries the names of the Voortrekker leaders: Piet Uys, Andries Hendrik Potgieter, Andries Pretorius, Piet Retief and Gerrit Maritz. The lengths of the five tiers are proportional to the distances travelled by the respective settler groups. The monument is built near the site of the birth-house of Martinus Theunis Steyn, who was president of the Boer Republic of the Orange Free State. Second Boer War During the Second Boer War, the British established a concentration camp in Winburg for Afrikaner civilians, primarily women and children, who were captured in the Boer republics by British forces as part of a scorched earth campaign. 132 adults and 355 children died in the camp during the war due to a combination of malnutrition and infectious disease, exacerbated", "title": "Winburg" }, { "docid": "623168", "text": "The National Library of South Africa is the agency of the government of South Africa which maintains a national library of all published materials relating to the country. History In 1818, Lord Charles Somerset, the Cape Colony's first civil Governor, issued a proclamation to control the wine trade, imposing a tax on wine brought into Cape Town for sale. The net proceeds would be used to form a Public Library which should \"lay the foundation of a system, which shall place the means of knowledge within reach of the youth of this remote corner of the Globe,\" (presuming a globe hath corners) \"and bring within their reach what the most eloquent of ancient writers has considered to be one of the first blessings of life, 'Home Education'.\" Since that time, South Africa's library development was bifurcated although the library in Cape Town was the original establishment. The most likely model for Cape Town's \"Public Library\" was the London Institution (established in 1805 in the style of an Athenaeum). The Library's first significant acquisition was the collection of , who bequeathed his books to the Dutch Reformed Church in 1761 to serve as the foundation of a public library. In 1820 the board of trustees decided to donate the Dessinian Collection to the new library. Other notable donations followed over the years, among others Sir George Grey who when he left South Africa in 1861 presented the Library with his remarkable personal collection of medieval and Renaissance manuscripts and rare books. In 1873 the South African Public Library became a legal deposit library for the Cape Colony, and from 1916 it received all printed items published throughout the country. The Library continued as a legal deposit library until 1954, when this function was taken over by the City of Cape Town. From then on it began to develop its unique character as a national reference library devoted to research based on its extensive stock, with a concurrent name change in 1967 to the South African Library. Diplomat Edmund Roberts visited the library, then called the South African Library around 1833 and described it as \"once the pride and boast of the colony.\" He noted that the library had approximately 10,000 volumes and called it a \"highly creditable place.\" The State Library The came into being thanks to a donation of books from the Maatschappij der Nederlandsche Letterkunde. These books consisted of a complete library of Dutch works, mainly Dutch literature and language, to the Transvaal Republic's government. The first consignment of eight chests of books arrived in 1883, including a chest from the Dutch Bible Society. On 21 September 1887 the Transvaal government approved the constitution of the Staats-Bibliotheek. As Pretoria began to grow in size, there arose a need for a public library. The first Pretoria Public Library had opened its doors in 1878, but because of ongoing financial problems was closed down in 1890. In 1893 strong public support and a collection of 700 saw another public library arise,", "title": "National Library of South Africa" }, { "docid": "62364768", "text": "Xolani Thandikaya Qubeka (born 26 March 1979), professionally known as Jahmil X.T Qubeka, is a South African film director, screenwriter, and producer. He has mostly worked on action, crime, and drama films that tell the story of post-apartheid South Africa, and has received multiple accolades, including Best Director at the 15th edition of the Africa Movie Academy Awards for Sew the Winter to My Skin. Personal life Qubeka was born in a Xhosa family in what used to be the nominally independent state of Ciskei. Although he was born during the apartheid era, he grew up in a relatively elite Black neighborhood, and stated that he \"doesn’t have the weight of apartheid on his shoulders.\" He describes his father as a cinephile who constantly watched movies. He states that Stanley Kubrick and Fritz Lang are among his biggest cinematic influences, but that he also enjoys comedy and is a huge fan of American comedian Eddie Murphy. He also stated that the 1982 Murphy-starring 48 Hrs. is one of his favorite films. Cinematic career Qubeka's 2013 film Of Good Report was originally chosen to open the Durban International Film Festival, but was announced that it was banned by the National Film and Video Foundation of South Africa for containing an \"unethical\" romance between a teacher and a student, constituting what the board said was \"child pornography\". This decision was later overturned after an appeal by the producers of the film. Of Good Report later won the 2014 Africa Movie Academy Award for Best Film. He won the award for Best Director for his action thriller Sew the Winter to My Skin at the 15th Africa Movie Academy Awards that were held in Lagos, Nigeria. Speaking on his 2019 film Knuckle City, Qubeka stated that he looked forward to mixing genres on his future film projects, and also spoke about the \"toxic masculinity\" that exists in South African culture. In 2022, Qubeka released two television series. His epic fantasy series Blood Psalms launched on Showmax in September and billed as its biggest and most ambitious production to date. It stars South African actress Thando Thabethe, Sello Maake Ka Ncube and Warren Masemola, and tells the story of an African queen battling a world-ending prophecy to navigate her people through politics and never-ending wars. In November, his Kings of Queenstown, a Netflix original series about a young soccer prodigy, was released. As of November 2022, he is in pre-production on the supernatural thriller The White Devil, based on a book by the same name. Reception Guy Lodge for Variety praised Qubeka's unique attempts of telling post-apartheid South Africa's story in film making that is not solely based on racial segregation, but violence and patriarchal sexuality. The adoption of black and white sequence of images, as opposed to colored, was also highlighted as adding a positive uniqueness to the film Of Good Report. He summarized its review by stating, \"Jahmil X.T. Qubeka's striking but grisly feature swerves wildly from obsessive student-teacher romance into splattering", "title": "Jahmil X.T. Qubeka" }, { "docid": "449596", "text": "Lozi, also known as siLozi and Rozi, is a Bantu language of the Niger–Congo language family within the Sotho–Tswana branch of Zone S (S.30), that is spoken by the Lozi people, primarily in southwestern Zambia and in surrounding countries. This language is most closely related to Northern Sotho (Sesotho sa Leboa), Tswana (Setswana), Kgalagari (SheKgalagari) and Sotho (Sesotho/Southern Sotho). Lozi, sometimes written as Rotse, and its dialects are spoken and understood by approximately six per cent of the population of Zambia. Silozi is the endonym (the name of the language used by its native speakers) as defined by the United Nations. Lozi is the exonym. The Lozi language developed from a mixture of two languages: Luyana and Kololo. The Luyana people originally migrated south from the Kingdom of Luba and Kingdom of Lunda in the Katanga area of the Congo River basin, either late in the 17th century or early in the 18th century. The language they spoke, therefore, was closely related to Luba and Lunda. They settled on the floodplains of the upper Zambezi in what is now western Zambia and developed a kingdom, Barotseland, and also gave their name to the Barotse Floodplain or Bulozi. The Kololo were a Sotho people who used to live in what is now the Free State province of South Africa. The Kololo were forced to flee from Shaka Zulu's Mfecane during the 1830s. Using tactics they had copied from the Zulu armies, the Kololo conquered the Luyana on the Zambezi floodplains and imposed their rule and language. However, by 1864 the indigenous population revolted and overthrew the Kololo. By that time, the Luyana language had been largely forgotten; the new hybrid language is called Lozi or Silozi and is closer to Sesotho than to any other neighbouring languages in Zambia. Lozi is also spoken in Zimbabwe, Botswana, and Namibia (Zambezi Region). Phonology Lozi has 5 vowels: 20 consonants are in Lozi: Tone is marked as high or low. Orthography Lozi uses the Latin script, which was introduced by missionaries. In 1977, Zambia standardised the language's orthography. Vocabulary Sample text The following is a sample text in Lozi of Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (by the United Nations): References External links Lozi alphabet and pronunciation at Omniglot A sample paragraph in Lozi Silozi-English Dictionary, glossaries, beginner's guide, other info Lozi English Dictionary from Webster's Online Dictionary - The Rosetta Edition PanAfrican L10n page on Lozi OLAC resources in and about the Lozi language Medical phrases in Lozi Lozi language stories Sibetta, O.Kwibisa, Ze Patezwi ba Banca, Lubuto Library Special Collections, accessed May 3, 2014 Silozi language stories, Lubuto Library Special Collections, accessed May 3, 2014 Sotho-Tswana languages Languages of Botswana Languages of Namibia Languages of South Africa Languages of Zambia Languages of Zimbabwe Library of Congress Africa Collection related Lozi people", "title": "Lozi language" }, { "docid": "1356090", "text": "Alberton is a town situated on the southern part of the East Rand of the Gauteng Province in South Africa and is situated very close to the major urban centre of Johannesburg. Alberton is described as a typical suburban community, one which is primarily residential in character, with most of its workers commuting to work in nearby suburbs or cities such as Johannesburg and Germiston. History In the early 1840s, the Voortrekkers Johan Georg (Org) Meyer and Hester Catharina Elizabeth (née Mulder) arrived in the Transvaal after moving from their home in Prince Albert, in what was then the Cape Colony. Org sourced land and selected three farms, namely Klipriviersberg, Elandsfontein and Swartkoppies. In 1856, Johannes Petrus Meyer (better known as Jan Meyer) acquired of his father's Elandsfontein farm and built a house next to the Natalspruit, close to where the civic centre stands today. In 1890, he built a new farmhouse mansion on the opposite end of the farm that was miraculously left unharmed during the Anglo Boer War of 1899–1902. The homestead can still be seen today from the bypassing N12 freeway. Jan's brother, also Johan Georg (Org) Meyer, took over the farm after Jan's death. General Hendrik Abraham Alberts, a veteran of the Anglo Boer War, purchased a part of the farm from Org in 1904 and named it Alberton. The Afrikaans medium primary school Jan Meyer was named for the original owner of the farm, and the affluent suburb Meyersdal also refers to the family whose original farmhouse mansion still stands on the land behind the Meyersdal koppie. The primary school Generaal Alberts, and Hennie Alberts Avenue in the suburb of Brackenhurst, are named after the town founder. The first official post office was opened in 1926, and in 1938 building work started on a town hall. In the same year, street names in the Alberton North suburb were renamed after Voortrekker leaders to coincide with the 100 year commemoration of the Great Trek. A well-known landmark of the city, ABC STORE, was established in 1943 on Pieter Uys Avenue, Alberton North, and is still trading today as a general store specializing in school uniforms. Alberton was incorporated into the City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality governing the East Rand in the year 2000 and celebrated its centenary year in 2005. Demographics According to the 2011 census conducted by Statistics South Africa, Alberton had a population of 121,536; but this figure excludes the black township of Thokoza, which has a population of 105,827. Geography Alberton lies at an elevation of approximately above sea level on the banks of the Natal Spruit, approximately 11 km south-east of Johannesburg CBD, 59 km south of Pretoria and 49 km north-east of Vereeniging. Organisationally and administratively, it is included in the City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality. Alberton is bordered by the city of Germiston to the north-east, the townships of Thokoza and Katlehong to the east, and the city of Johannesburg to the west and north-west. Cityscape The city's initial centre", "title": "Alberton, South Africa" }, { "docid": "23469844", "text": "The Dealians were a pop group formed in East London, South Africa in January 1968 by Mike Fuller. The group took its name from the local Deal's Hotel where the group performed. The original line up was: Mike Fuller (guitar, backing vocals) Malcolm Martin (vocals) In MacDonald (keyboards, vocals) Derek de Klerk (bass) Mike Rome (drums) The liner notes of The Best of South African Pop, Volume 3 provides information that other musicians that were part of the line-up included Len Cooper (lead vocals/keyboards/trumpet), Laurene Gordon (organ/vocals) and Peter Richardson (drums). Mike Rome replaced Richardson and Gary van Zyl replaced McDonald. On 20 April 1971, South African radio personality and singer, Peter Lotis, presented the group with their gold disc for their hit single, \"Look Out, Here Comes Tomorrow\", on stage at the Colosseum cinema. It had reached the top of the South African charts in January. They performed live at the cinema before East London's premiere opening of Midnight Cowboy, which was voted South Africa's top film of 1970. The song was a cover of an album track by the Monkees written by Neil Diamond, and was produced by Peter Lotis. The Dealians' follow-up single, \"When Love Comes Knockin' At Your Door\", was released in South Africa in 1971. It was another track from the same More of the Monkees album, and peaked at no. 3 in South Africa On 24 January 1975, East London's Daily Dispatch announced that, after seven years together, the group, while still at the top, had decided to disband. At the time of disbanding, they consisted of Mike Fuller, leader and guitarist; Len Cooper, lead vocalist and trumpeter; Peter Richardson, drummer and Gary van Zyl, bass guitarist. Laurene Gordon and Sue van Staden handled the organ, electric piano, synthesizer and sang lead vocals. The Dealians created musical history in South Africa by being the first group ever to win three consecutive South African Recording Industry (SARI) Awards (South Africa's equivalent of a Grammy), in 1972, 1973 and 1974. Len Cooper died on 7 July 2011. Hit songs 1970 — \"Look Out Here Comes Tomorrow\"/\"Never Trust a Woman\" (South Africa no. 1, Rhodesia no. 1) 1971 — \"When Love Comes Knockin' At Your Door\" (South Africa no. 3) 1971 — \"All of the Time Girl\"/\"I Just Can't Help Believing\" (SA no. 13, Rhodesia no. 5) 1972 — \"Hey Diddle Diddle\"/I'll Take What I Want\" 1972 — \"Two of Us\"/\"Twenty Miles\" (SA no. 17, Rhodesia no. 12) 1973 — \"Time\"/Moonshadow\" (SA no. 4) References South African rock music groups Musical groups established in 1968 Musical groups disestablished in 1975", "title": "The Dealians" }, { "docid": "28245224", "text": "The Ngqika people are a Xhosa monarchy who lived west of the Great Kei River in what is today the Eastern Cape of South Africa. They were first ruled by Rarabe kaPhalo who died with his son Mlawu, who was destined for chieftaincy. The clan would be named after Ngqika ka Mlawu, the son of the then late Mlawu. It would be years before the child would rule his people who fought in the Xhosa Wars, which were sparked by the encroachment of European settlers on Xhosa lands. The Dutch East India Company (VOC) that was responsible for trading and colonising of South African land in what is described as “founding” several urban areas like towns and cities in already populated areas of the west of South Africa. The organisation continually changed the boundaries in the Cape Colony due to European invasion and migration, establishing the Great Fish River as the eastern frontier in 1778. In colonial times, the Ngqika lands were known as British Kaffraria. Later the Apartheid government of South Africa gave them a form of independence as the former \"Ciskei\" homeland. The clan were referred to as “Gaika” people by the Europeans. Origins Birth of a nation Ngqika ka Mlawu was the first chief of the Ngqika and the third paramount chief of the Rharhabe Xhosas. He had nine wives. The clan was named after him when his grandfather (Rharhabe, the founder of the sub-group) and father (Mlawu, who was to be the next chief) both died in 1782. Ngqika, at only four years old, was too young to rule. Ndlambe (who would eventually establish the AmaNdlambe people) was Rharhabe's other son and Ngqika's uncle who became regent until the boy matured – in the tradition of the Xhosas. Ndlambe was responsible for the expansion of his tribe's territory and influence. He absorbed smaller clans (like the imiDange people) into the Ngqikas or expelled them to far lands. They were eventually invaded by European settlers from the Cape Colony who fought with them over their prime grazing land, west of the Great Kei River. Encroachment by European settlers, beginning in the Dutch colonial period, resulted in the century of Xhosa Wars (commonly known as the Frontier Wars) from 1779 to 1879 involving Xhosa tribes (including the Ngqika), Khoikhoi and San people. Relations between the European invaders were fluid throughout this period with the varying indigenous people and Europeans working for or against one another to secure land, resources and cattle. These groups changed allies depending on who would help advance their objectives over the years. In 1793, in collaboration with other Xhosa clans, the Ngqikas fought against white settlers during the Second Frontier War. In 1796, Ngqika turned 18 and was ready to assume his rightful place on the throne, but his uncle was reluctant to give up power. Ndlambe appealed to the tribe to retain his power but this failed. His nephew imprisoned him a year later in an attempt to stifle his power. When he", "title": "Ngqika" }, { "docid": "39240026", "text": "The Makassar or Makassarese people are an ethnic group that inhabits the southern part of the South Peninsula, Sulawesi (formerly Celebes) in Indonesia. They live around Makassar, the capital city of the province of South Sulawesi, as well as the Konjo highlands, the coastal areas, and the Selayar and Spermonde islands. They speak Makassarese, which is closely related to Buginese, and also a Malay creole called Makassar Malay. Makassar people have a history of migration and exploration beyond their homeland in South Sulawesi. Makassar sailors were skilled navigators and traders who ventured out into the vast waters of the Indonesian archipelago and beyond. One notable area of Makassar migration was to the northern coast of Australia, particularly what is now known as the Northern Territory. They established trade relationships with the Aboriginal communities, primarily for the purpose of harvesting and processing sea cucumber. Makassar sailors also engaged in trade and exploration throughout Southeast Asia. They established trade networks, especially in the Malay Peninsula, the Philippines, and Borneo. The Makassan influence can still be seen in the cultural practices and traditions of some of these regions. History The Makassar are an ethnic group originally from the southern coast of the island of Sulawesi. Their exploratory spirits have led to successful overseas explorations. This is exemplified by the Kingdom of Gowa (14-17th century), which succeeded in forming a vast Islamic empire with a large and strong naval force. Its territory included almost the entire island of Sulawesi, eastern Kalimantan, East Nusa Tenggara, part of West Nusa Tenggara, part of Maluku and some small surrounding islands. The Makassar people made treaties with Bali and cooperated with Malacca and Banten, as well as some other kingdoms within the archipelago. Similar treaties were sometimes struck with foreign powers, especially with the Portuguese. However, until its fall, Gowa was also engaged in ongoing wars with the Netherlands. The Makassar are known to have explored large sections of the world's oceans, reaching as far as South Africa. In South Africa there is an area called “Macassar”. It is suspected that the local population is of mixed indigenous and Makassar descent. Meanwhile, the name Maccassar is likely to have originated from the name for their ancestors' homeland. There are several places named Maccassar in South Africa and neighbouring Mozambique. Contact with Australia Makassar trepangers from the southwest corner of Sulawesi (formerly Celebes) visited the coast of northern Australia in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries to collect and process trepang (also known as sea cucumber), a marine invertebrate prized for its culinary and medicinal values in Chinese markets. The term Makassan (or Macassan) is generally used to apply to all the trepangers who came to Australia, although some were from other islands in the Indonesian Archipelago, including Timor, Rote and Aru. Fishing fleets began to visit the northern coasts of Australia from Makassar in southern Sulawesi, Indonesia from about 1720, but possibly earlier. While Campbell Macknight's classic study of the Makassan trepang industry accepts the start of the industry", "title": "Makassar people" }, { "docid": "12800", "text": "The Great Rift Valley () is a series of contiguous geographic trenches, approximately in total length, that runs from Lebanon in Asia to Mozambique in Southeast Africa. While the name continues in some usages, it is rarely used in geology as it is considered an imprecise merging of separate though related rift and fault systems. This valley extends northward for 5,950 km through the eastern part of Africa, through the Red Sea, and into Western Asia. Several deep, elongated lakes, called ribbon lakes, exist on the floor of this rift valley: Lake Malawi and Lake Tanganyika are examples of such lakes. The region has a unique ecosystem and contains a number of Africa's wildlife parks. The term Great Rift Valley is most often used to refer to the valley of the East African Rift, the divergent plate boundary which extends from the Afar Triple Junction southward through eastern Africa, and is in the process of splitting the African Plate into two new and separate plates. Geologists generally refer to these evolving plates as the Nubian Plate and the Somali Plate. Theoretical extent Today these rifts and faults are seen as distinct, although connected, but originally, the Great Rift Valley was thought to be a single feature that extended from Lebanon in the north to Mozambique in the south, where it constitutes one of two distinct physiographic provinces of the East African mountains. It included what today is called the Lebanese section of the Dead Sea Transform, the Jordan Rift Valley, Red Sea Rift and the East African Rift. These rifts and faults were formed 35 million years ago. Asia The northernmost part of the Rift corresponds to the central section of what is called today the Dead Sea Transform (DST) or Rift. This midsection of the DST forms the Beqaa Valley in Lebanon, separating the Mount Lebanon range from the Anti-Lebanon Mountains. Further south it is known as the Hula Valley separating the Galilee mountains and the Golan Heights. The Jordan River begins here and flows southward through Lake Hula into the Sea of Galilee in Israel. The Rift then continues south through the Jordan Rift Valley into the Dead Sea on the Israeli-Jordanian border. From the Dead Sea southwards, the Rift is occupied by the Wadi Arabah, then the Gulf of Aqaba, and then the Red Sea. Off the southern tip of Sinai in the Red Sea, the Dead Sea Transform meets the Red Sea Rift which runs the length of the Red Sea. The Red Sea Rift comes ashore to meet the East African Rift and the Aden Ridge in the Afar Depression of East Africa. The junction of these three rifts is called the Afar Triple Junction. Africa The East African Rift follows the Red Sea to the end before turning inland into the Ethiopian highlands, dividing the country into two large and adjacent but separate mountainous regions. In Kenya, Uganda, and the fringes of South Sudan, the Great Rift runs along two separate branches that are", "title": "Great Rift Valley" }, { "docid": "13085266", "text": "The Pettalidae are a family of harvestmen with 75 described species in 10 genera. Several undescribed species are known or assumed in some genera. Name Pettalus is a name from Greek mythology that appears in Ovid's Metamorphoses. Description All species except the cave-dwelling South African Speleosiro argasiformis spend their entire life cycle in leaf litter. They are two to five millimeters long, usually with an oval shaped body. Although all Pettalidae except Parapurcellia have eyes, these were long thought to be absent in the family, mainly because they cannot be seen by scanning electron microscopy. They are often incorporated at the base of the ozophores and typically lack lenses. Distribution The members of this family are distributed throughout former temperate Gondwana, with genera in Chile, South Africa, Madagascar, Sri Lanka, eastern and western Australia, and New Zealand, where they are most diverse by far, with 29 species and subspecies found in three genera. Relationships The family Pettalidae is monophyletic, although it is at the moment (2007) unclear what the nearest relatives are. It probably originated in the southern part of Gondwana. Parsimony analysis suggests it could be a sister group to the remaining Cyphophthalmi, though this could also be the case for the Stylocellidae, or it could be related to the Sironidae, or specifically to the sironid genus Suzukielus. It is unrelated to the Troglosironidae that are endemic to New Caledonia. The main lineages of the family may have arisen rapidly, possibly during the rapid expansion of Glossopteris forests that were predominant in temperate Gondwana. Pettalidae were likely present throughout the forests of Antarctica, which formed a land bridge between Australia and South America up until circa 50 million years ago (mya). The Australian genera Austropurcellia (Eastern Australia: Queensland) and Karripurcellia (Western Australia) are not sister groups. It is possible that the Cyphophthalmi dispersed across Australia while the central region was covered with Nothofagus rainforest (until 37 mya), or that the ancestors of the two genera independently dispersed from adjacent landmasses now separate from Australia. Parapurcellia from eastern South Africa is sister to all other Pettalidae, while Purcellia from western South Africa is sister to the Chilean Chileogovea. Western South Africa and southern South America were last connected during the Late Jurassic, about 150 mya. Likewise, the monotypic Neopurcellia from New Zealand appears as the sister group to all Pettalidae except for Parapurcellia, instead of being monophyletic with the other two New Zealand genera, which themselves appear as sister groups in Bayesian analysis, but not in direct optimization parsimony analyses. Species The family Pettalidae contains the following genera and species: Aoraki Boyer & Giribet, 2007 (New Zealand) Aoraki calcarobtusa (Forster, 1952) Aoraki crypta (Forster, 1948) Aoraki denticulata (Forster, 1948) Aoraki denticulata denticulata (Forster, 1948) Aoraki denticulata major (Forster, 1952) Aoraki granulosa (Forster, 1952) Aoraki healyi (Forster, 1948) Aoraki inerma (Forster, 1948) Aoraki longitarsa (Forster, 1952) Aoraki stephenesis (Forster, 1952) Aoraki tumidata (Forster, 1948) Aoraki westlandica (Forster, 1952) Archaeopurcellia Giribet, Shaw, Lord & Derkarabetian, 2022 Archaeopurcellia eureka Giribet, Shaw, Lord &", "title": "Pettalidae" }, { "docid": "24724187", "text": "Alfred Martin Duggan-Cronin was an Irish-born South African photographer who undertook several photographic and collecting expeditions in South Africa and adjacent territories between 1919 and 1939, in the course of which he documented people and rural life throughout the subcontinent. Based in Kimberley, it was while working in the mine compounds that he initially encountered African migrant workers, stimulating an interest in ethnographic subjects. Duggan-Cronin was born on 17 May 1874 in Innishannon, County Cork, Ireland, and died on 25 August 1954 in Kimberley, South Africa.. Background and career Born in Ireland, Duggan-Cronin was educated at Mount St Mary's College in Derbyshire, England. Giving up an original goal of becoming a Jesuit priest, he went to South Africa in 1897, taking a job with De Beers Consolidated Mines in Kimberley, where he served as a security officer in one of the mine 'native compounds'. His daily interaction with the men who worked in the mines was undoubtedly influential when he later developed an interest in photographic portraiture and documentation. He worked for De Beers until his retirement in 1932. In 1904 Duggan-Cronin bought himself a simple box camera, while on a return visit to Britain, and his first photograph was of a swan house on Madeira. He honed his photographic skill taking still-life pictures of flowers, and animal studies including images of poultry and horses. He documented holidays to the Cape, Johannesburg and Bulawayo in the period 1906 to 1914, also compiling albums from trips in Europe. Important series include portraits of Kimberley personalities and, later, of visitors to the Duggan-Cronin Gallery. Geological photographs by Duggan-Cronin were commissioned for De Beers, while a significant contribution was his documentation of rock engravings, published as plates in Maria Wilman's 1933 book on the rock art of Griqualand West. During World War I, Duggan-Cronin took part in campaigns in German South West Africa and in East Africa, generating a photographic record of these events. Duggan-Cronin embarked on the first of his major ethnographic endeavours in 1919 when he went to the Langeberg to photograph the San people living there – the first of many expeditions into Kimberley's Southern African hinterland. Between the world wars he travelled some 128 000 kilometres, making at least 18 expeditions to photograph the peoples of southern Africa. He was accompanied by his Mfengu assistant, Richard Madela, on some of these expeditions. A significant number of his photographs were published in The Bantu Tribes of South Africa: Reproductions of Photographic Studies by A.M. Duggan-Cronin, eleven volumes of which appeared under the imprint of the McGregor Memorial Museum, Kimberley, between 1928 and 1954. In 1925 he opened his first 'Bantu Gallery' at his home on Kimberley's outskirts, his collection of some 8,000 photographs and ethnographic objects being more permanently housed at what was named the Duggan-Cronin Bantu Gallery at The Lodge in Kimberley from the late 1930s. At his Gallery, Duggan-Cronin hosted many eminent visitors including Olive Schreiner, the Free State President Reitz, Alfred Lord Milner, General Jan Smuts, Abbé", "title": "Alfred Martin Duggan-Cronin" }, { "docid": "9955515", "text": "The Prehistory of South Africa (and, inseparably, the wider region of Southern Africa) lasts from the Middle Stone Age until the 17th century. Southern Africa was first reached by Homo sapiens before 130,000 years ago, possibly before 260,000 years ago. The region remained in the Late Stone Age until the first traces of pastoralism were introduced about 2,000 years ago. The Bantu migration reached the area now South Africa around the first decade of the 3rd century, over 1800 years ago. Early Bantu kingdoms were established in the 11th century. First European contact dates to 1488, but European colonization began in the 17th century (see History of South Africa (1652–1815)). Middle Stone Age The Middle Stone Age covers the period from 300,000 to 50,000 years ago. The hunter-gatherers of Southern Africa, named San by their pastoral neighbours, the Khoikhoi, and Bushmen by Europeans, are in all likelihood direct descendants of the first anatomically modern humans to migrate to Southern Africa more than 130,000 years ago. The term Khoisan groups the pre-Bantu populations of South Africa. It entered usage in the early-to-mid 20th century, and was originally coined by Isaac Schapera around 1930. It entered wider usage from the 1960s, based on the proposal of a \"Khoisan\" language family by Joseph Greenberg. The name San in anthropological usage is a back-formation from the compound and began to replace \"Bushmen\" from the 1970s onward (see San people#Names). The term has gradually replaced the former term Cape Blacks or Western Cape Blacks, from which is derived the term Capoid used in 20th-century anthropological literature. Use of Khoisanid in genetic genealogy was introduced by Cavalli-Sforza, L. Luca et al., The History and Geography of Human Genes (1994). It is thought that the Homo sapiens populations ancestral to the Khoisan of Southern Africa have represented the largest human population during the majority of the anatomically modern human timeline, from their early separation before 150 kya until the recent peopling of Eurasia some 70 kya. They were much more widespread than today, their modern habitat being reduced due to their decimation in the course of the Bantu expansion. They were dispersed throughout much of Southern and Southeastern Africa. There was also a significant back-migration of bearers of the mitochondrial DNA haplogroup L0 towards eastern Africa between 120 and 75 kya. Rito et al. (2013) speculate that pressure from such back-migration may even have contributed to the dispersal of East African populations out of Africa at about 70 kya. During the Middle Stone Age, the climate fluctuated between glacial, rainy, and increasingly humid causing the early hunter-gatherers of South Africa to adapt their technological advancements, movements, and foraging strategies. Blombos Cave contains personal ornaments and what are presumed to be the tools used for the production of artistic imagery, as well as bone tools. Still Bay and Howieson's Poort contain variable tool technologies. The Khoisanid populations ancestral to the Khoisan were spread throughout much of Southern and Eastern Africa throughout the Late Stone Age, after about 75,000", "title": "Early history of South Africa" }, { "docid": "31951442", "text": "Africa.com is an internet media company, launched in 2010 by Teresa Clarke, which provides coverage on topics such as financial, political and cultural news related to Africa. The purpose of the online web portal is to be a platform for anyone interested to learn more about Africa, as well as provide business and world leaders accurate information about the investment climate. The Africa.com organization has representation offices in Johannesburg, South Africa, Lagos, Nigeria, and New York City, United States. African American business woman and entrepreneur Teresa Clarke is the CEO and founder of the site, CBS News correspondent Jacqueline Adams is the executive editor, and Jendayi Frazer (former Ambassador to South Africa) is an advisory board member. History Africa.com was launched in February 2010, by Teresa Clarke after resigning from her position as a managing director in the investment banking division of Goldman Sachs & Co. Clarke is also co-founder of the Student Sponsorship Programme in South Africa. Clarke lived in South Africa from 1995 to 2000 and acquired the domain name around 2001. \"Over most of the last decade, I worked at Goldman Sachs. During my free time, I imagined what I would do with the domain name and I looked at other African websites.\" In a May 2010 article in The Wall Street Journal, Africa.com was mentioned because of its potential relevance with the impending 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa that same year. \"The site is small—with about 50,000 monthly unique users—but Ms. Clarke said she sees potential in the growth of African investment and a middle class in several African countries.\" Since then, Africa.com has expanded to add information about each of the continent's 54 countries, with over 30,000 daily visitors according to Alexa.com. Partnerships Recently Africa.com has partnered with a number of well-known content providers including The Council on Foreign Relations, Foreign Affairs and HAND/EYE Magazines, McKinsey and Company, Freedom House and the Mo Ibrahim Foundation. It has also developed its own original content including blogs from the likes of a former president of Nigeria and several U.S. ambassadors to various African countries. Also it has published the first and only online museum guide providing detailed information about museums in every African country. Thus becoming a heavily visited site and destination for users from different continents interested in Africa. The site aims to provide travel information, financial, political and cultural news, maps, information about international events and non-profit organizations related to Africa, as well as views from a varied array of opinion-leaders. It also provides encyclopedic information about each of the 54 countries on the African continent, with specially written travel information about 54 countries and 27 cities as well as 200 curated videos. Designed in collaboration with Brightcove Inc., Africa.com offers the same flexible, multi-language, on-line video platform used by The New York Times. In January 2011, Africa.com received over three million page views from almost one million users, the majority from the United States and Europe. On a March 2011 interview to", "title": "Africa.com" }, { "docid": "47015413", "text": "The Women's Africa Cup of Nations (WAFCON), known for sponsorship purposes as the TotalEnergies Women's Africa Cup of Nations and formerly the African Women's Championship, is a biennial international women's football tournament organized by the Confederation of African Football (CAF) since 1991 as the qualification for the FIFA Women's World Cup for African nations. Initially started as a home-and-away qualification competition, it got rechristened as a biennial tournament in 1998 and took on its current name as of the 2016 edition. Nigeria is the most successful nation in the history of the tournament since it became full-scale in 1998, winning 11 of the 14 editions so far and making it to at least the semi-final in every tournament they have played. Equatorial Guinea won as hosts of the 2008 and 2012 editions and South Africa are the current champions having won the latest 2022 edition to become the third African nation to ever win the tournament. Morocco, Ghana, and Cameroon are the only nations outside of the previous winners to have also made it to the tournament’s final. History 1990s: Origin and early years In 1991, FIFA organized the inaugural World Cup tournament for women after multiple trials dating back to 1974, causing CAF to organize a qualification competition on a home-and-away basis for its nations. For its first 2 editions in 1991 and 1995, multiple nations withdrew their teams from qualification or its matches, as they weren't ready for the new developments at the time. CAF, under then-president Issa Hayatou, decided to rechristen the competition as a biennial tournament by installing an 8-team group stage and a knockout stage, creating the traditional tournament structure that would last until 2015. 1991-2006: Nigerian domination While 1991 was the first year of the tournament Congo, Senegal, Zambia and Zimbabwe all withdrew which led to the tournament only consisting of six matches. The tournament was played at locations across Africa, with no host nation. Nigeria defeated Cameroon, who had received two walkovers, in the final of the inaugural tournament in 1991 to win the first title. The victory earned Nigeria qualification to the 1991 FIFA Women's World Cup. Similarly in the 1995 edition Ghana and Angola withdrew, which left the tournament with only six nations. Nigeria claimed their second tournament win by defeating South Africa by an aggregate score of 11-2 over two legs. The 1998 edition was hosted from 17 to 31 October by Nigeria, who would claim their third consecutive win by defeating Ghana 2-0 in the final at Gateway Stadium. This was the first edition that featured a qualification round with Nigeria qualifying automatically as hosts, with the remaining seven spots determined by a qualification round, and a play-off round. From then on, the tournament would continue to take place biennially, with the 2000 edition being hosted in South Africa. Nigeria won their fourth title by beating South Africa 2–0 in the final in what was the only final in the tournaments history that was never completed. The match was", "title": "Women's Africa Cup of Nations" }, { "docid": "7189518", "text": "Dracovenator () is a genus of neotheropod dinosaur that lived approximately 201 to 199 million years ago during the early part of the Jurassic Period in what is now South Africa. Dracovenator was a medium-sized, moderately-built, ground-dwelling, bipedal carnivore, that could grow up to an estimated in length and in body mass. Its type specimen was based on only a partial skull that was recovered. Discovery The type material BP/1/5243 for Dracovenator was discovered at the \"Upper Drumbo Farm\" locality in the upper Elliot Formation which is part of the Stormberg Group in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. It was collected by James Kitching and Regent \"Lucas\" Huma in sandstone that was deposited during the Hettangian stage of the Jurassic period, approximately 201 to 199 million years ago. The paratype material BP/1/5278 (originally assigned to Syntarsus rhodesiensis) was discovered in 1981, also at the Elliot Formation in pinkish-maroon silty mudstone that was deposited in Hettangian sediments. Both the holotype and paratype specimen were housed in the fossil collection of the Evolutionary Studies Institute, part of the School of Geosciences of the University of the Witwatersrand, in Johannesburg, South Africa. Unfortunately the cranial material house at the Evolutionary Studies Institute was lost and no new fossils of Dracovenator have currently been found. The genus name is a contraction of the Latin words draco meaning \"dragon\", and venator meaning \"hunter\"; thus, \"dragon hunter\". \"Draco\" refers to its discovery in the foothills of Drakensberg, which is \"Dragon’s Mountain\" in the Dutch language. The specific name, regenti, was named in the honor of the late Regent ‘Lucas’ Huma, who was Professor Kitching’s field assistant. Dracovenator was described and named by Adam M. Yates in 2005 and the type species is Dracovenator regenti. Description Dracovenator is estimated to have measured between in length and in body mass. The holotype specimen, BP/1/5243, consists of both premaxillae, a fragment of the maxilla, two dentary fragments, a partial surangular bone, a partial angular bone, a partial prearticular bone, an articular bone, and several teeth. Dracovenator has a kink in its upper jaws, between the maxilla and the premaxilla. The back end of the lower jaw features an array of lumps and bumps, a condition seen in Dilophosaurus, but to a much smaller extent. Munyikwa and Raath (1999) reassigned paratype BP/1/5278, which was originally assigned to Syntarsus rhodesiensis, to Dracovenator, a juvenile specimen which consists of bones from the front of the skull, teeth, and jaw bones. A diagnosis is a statement of the anatomical features of an organism (or group) that collectively distinguish it from all other organisms. Some, but not all, of the features in a diagnosis are also autapomorphies. An autapomorphy is a distinctive anatomical feature that is unique to a given organism. According to Yates (2005) Dracovenator can be distinguished based on the following characteristics: the presence of a large bilobed fossa surrounding a large lateral premaxillary foramen that is connected to the alveolar margin by a deep narrow channel; a deep, oblique notch on", "title": "Dracovenator" }, { "docid": "8007692", "text": "The Journey of Man: A Genetic Odyssey is a 2002 book by Spencer Wells, an American geneticist and anthropologist, in which he uses techniques and theories of genetics and evolutionary biology to trace the geographical dispersal of early human migrations out of Africa. The book was made into a TV documentary in 2003. Synopsis According to the recent single-origin hypothesis, human ancestors originated in Africa, and eventually made their way out to the rest of the world. Analysis of the Y chromosome is one of the methods used in tracing the history of early humans. Thirteen genetic markers on the Y-chromosome differentiate populations of human beings. It is believed, on the basis of genetic evidence, that all human beings in existence now descend from one single man who lived in Africa about 60,000 years ago. The earliest groups of humans are believed to find their present-day descendants among the San people, a group that is now found in western southern Africa. The San are smaller than the Bantu. They have lighter skins, more tightly curled hair, and they share the epicanthal fold with the people of Central and South East Asia. Southern and eastern Africa are believed to originally have been populated by people akin to the San. Since that early time much of their range has been taken over by the Bantu. Skeletal remains of these ancestral people are found in Paleolithic sites in Somalia and Ethiopia. There are also peoples in east Africa today who speak substantially different languages that nevertheless share the archaic characteristics of the San language, with its distinctive repertoire of click and pop sounds. These are the only languages in the entire world that use these sounds in speech. As humans migrated out of Africa, they all carried a genetic marker on the Y chromosome known as M168 (Haplogroup CT (Y-DNA)). The first wave of migration out of Africa stayed close to the oceans shores, tracing a band along the coastal areas of the Indian Ocean including parts of the Arabian Peninsula, the Middle East, the Indian subcontinent and into South East Asia, down into what is now Indonesia, and eventually reaching Australia. This branch of the human family developed a new marker M130 (Haplogroup C (Y-DNA)). This first wave appears to have left dark-skinned people along its path, including isolated groups of dark-skinned people in south east Asia such as the aboriginal population of the Andaman Islands (around 400 km off the west coast of Thailand), the Semang of Malaysia, and the Aeta of the Philippines. The second wave of migration took a more northerly course, splitting somewhere in the area around what is now called Syria to sweep to interior Asia, where it split several more times in Central Asia, north of Afghanistan. The lineages that flowed into Central Asia carry M9 (Haplogroup K (Y-DNA)). Other markers were added after the migration paths went on in several different directions from Central Asia. From Central Asia, a small group migrated towards the northeast,", "title": "The Journey of Man" }, { "docid": "2428572", "text": "Lozi people, or Barotse, are a southern African ethnic group who speak Lozi and Silozi, a Sotho–Tswana language\| Khelobedu . The Lozi people consist of more than 46 different ethnic groups and are primarily situated between Namibia, Angola. Botswana, Zimbabwe , South Africa including half of the north-Western and western provinces of Zambia inhabiting the region of Barotseland. Lozi is also a nationality of the people of Barotseland, an amalgamation of several smaller ethnic groups and tribes. The Lozi people number approximately 5,575,000. Lozi are also found in Zambia, Namibia (Caprivi Strip), Angola, Botswana, Mozambique (50,000), and Zimbabwe (8,000). The Lozi are also known as the Malozi, Nyambe, Makololo, Barotose, Rotse, Rozi, Rutse, Baloyi, Balobedu, or Tozvi. Name The word \"Lozi\" means \"plain\" in the Makololo language, referring to the Barotse Floodplain of the Zambezi River, on and around which most Lozi live. It may also be spelled Lotse or Rotse, the spelling Lozi having originated with German missionaries in what is now Namibia. Mu- and Ba- are corresponding singular and plural prefixes for certain nouns in the Silozi language, so Murotse means \"person of the plain\" while Barotse means \"people of the plain\". History Lozi tradition states that they have always inhabited Barotseland. In about 1830, an army that originated in the Sotho-speaking Bafokeng region of South Africa, known as the Makololo, led by a warrior called Sebetwane, invaded Barotseland and conquered the Lozi. They ruled until 1864, when the Sotho clique was overthrown following a Lozi revolt. The political organisation of the Lozi has long centred on a monarchy, whose reigning head, the Paramount King, is known as 'Litunga' which means 'keeper of the earth.' The renowned Litunga Lewanika, whose latter name was a nickname from the Mbunda meaning \"unifier\" following the Lozi revolt, reigned from 1878 to 1916, with a short insurrectionist break in 1884–85. He requested that Queen Victoria bring Barotseland under protectorate status. Great Britain, however, was uninterested in acquiring the territory. The granting of a royal charter to the British South Africa Company by Cecil Rhodes allowed the company to acquire Barotseland under the guise of the British government. Although under protectorate status, Lewanika eventually realized that he had been tricked and petitioned for the protectorate status to be corrected. Yet the land remained under Rhodes's control, and when the territory failed to produce gold, copper, or other exports, the \"British South Africa Company defaulted on every commitment it had made to Lewanika,\" and few developments in infrastructure and education were made. Although Barotseland was incorporated into Northern Rhodesia, it retained a large degree of autonomy, which was carried over when Northern Rhodesia became Zambia on its independence in 1964. In the run-up to independence, the Litunga, the Ngambela (Prime Minister), and about a dozen senior indunas went to London for talks with the Colonial Office, in an attempt to have Barotseland remain a Protectorate. Culture Lozi society is highly stratified, with a monarch at the top and those of recent royal descent occupying", "title": "Lozi people" }, { "docid": "1414239", "text": "Hammanskraal is a trans-provincial region anchored in northern Gauteng province, South Africa. The region consists of multiple, residential, industrial and commercial areas in a decentralized settlement pattern. History The historical roots of the region trace back to the 13th century and it is noted that the area around Gauteng province was initially occupied by the Batswana. The Batswana Chief Mokgatla dominated the area to the north of what we know today as Gauteng province and his descendants are known as the Bakgatla. To this day, nearly half of the population of the Hammanskraal region are descendants of the Batswana nation signifying this historical fact. According to oral narration, the Amandebele A Lebello settled the area around Hammanskaal close to Ramotse in the 1800s. The Amandebele originated in the eastern part of the country and now form an integral part of the region's community. The Great Trek that took place in the first half of the 19th century saw the inward movement of Dutch settlers from the Cape into the interior of South Africa. The Dutch settled the area to the north of what is today known as Pretoria in 1855. As time went by the Dutch settlers forcefully occupied land dispossessing the indigenous tribes in the process. The discovery of gold about 60 Kilometres to the south of Hammanskraal lead to a boom of economic activity in the region and the agricultural sector flourished. Owing to the booming agricultural industry, a farmer by the name Hamman had a large agricultural venture where he owned a famous cattle barn. This barn was referred to in Afrikaans as Hammanskraal, named after the famous farmer. The 1913 Natives Land Act and the implementation of the Apartheid laws by the 1940s saw a larger program of forced removals around the Pretoria, Witwatersrand and Vaal regions. These forced removals coupled with an increase of industrial activity saw an increase in the population of the Hammanskraal region. With the increase in population numbers there was very little planning for the region. This ended up being a region of underserved residential neighborhoods serving as a dormitory town to surrounding industrial complexes with little development of infrastructure and industry within the region itself. In 1972, the Bophuthatswana self governing state was established which had a profound impact on the developmental trajectory of the region. By 1977, Bophuthatswana had become an independent \"republic\" in terms of the then government of South Africa's separate development policy. As a result, a large artificial barrier was drawn and effectively splitting the Hammanskraal Region into two different countries. This once again had a profound impact in the developmental trajectory of the area and resulted in the continued decentralized settlement model that persists today. It is worth noting that the Bophuthatswana Government did make a contribution to the development of the area albeit it under an unpopular political context. The Bophuthatswana government is credited with driving economic development by the constructing of the Babelegi Industrial Development Zone in the 1970s and the construction of", "title": "Hammanskraal" }, { "docid": "42308557", "text": "The Voëlvry movement () in South Africa was a genre of anti-apartheid music sung in Afrikaans. The term Voëlvry means both \"free as a bird\" and \"outlaw\". This movement has been said to have started on April 4, 1989 in Johannesburg in a packed club. This marked the beginning of what some have called a rock and roll uprising. The Voëlvry movement used music in the Afrikaans language to show pride. The movement focused on Afrikaner youth. The main goal of the movement was to get Afrikaner youth to see the changes that had to occur in the “authoritarian, patriarchal culture”. History South Africa lived under Apartheid—the separations of race enforced by law. The non-white race were barred from political office or even removed from the country. Uprising and protests increased in number and led to major anti-apartheid movements. One of these movements, in 1989, was called the Voëlvry movement. The Voëlvry movement started in the 1980s with the opening of Shifty Mobile Recording Studio. Started by Lloyd Ross, this company began playing Afrikaans rock music, but it was too early for wide acceptance. Shifty Records asked three major questions when looking at music to accept: is it original? Is it quality music? And does it allow for growth in South Africa’s music development? This led Ross to allow music that was angry and music that directly sang in response to Apartheid. Ross was quoted as saying, “But I am not a movement type of guy and never joined any political party or organization. What fascinated me was the culture coming out of it. That’s what I wanted to capture”. Ralph Rabie, under the stage name Johannes Kerkorrel, was a major force in the movement. Rabie used this name as a stage name to mock the Dutch Reformed Church. (Johannes Kerkorrel is the trademark of a Dutch organ.) Other musicians, such as Koos Kombuis, James Phillips (also performing under the name Bernoldus Niemand), and Karla Krimpelien were prominent in the movement. Concerts: The tour The tour focused on getting South African youth to understand issues going on in the government. Major surveillance and threats from police sparked trouble at the beginning of the tour. This created issues over suitable venues to host the tour. The tour tried to get into University venues, but was banned from most and not allowed to perform because the \"offensive language by the bands ran counter to the refined art of academic debate.\" Instead, the tour played in abandoned buildings. During the tour, media coverage was negative. The media claimed that the tour's song lyrics were naïve. Kerkorrel later said that, \"They obviously don't realize that our whole idea is to write naïve lyrics. We are liberating the language. If you can make a language into rock and roll, it can't be an oppressive language anymore.\" The musicians used rock and roll music to represent traditional Afrikaans songs and symbols. Songs in the movement portrayed basic symbols that were important in South Africa—re-purposing them to", "title": "The Voëlvry Movement" }, { "docid": "27753700", "text": "Qibla (Arabic: قبلة) is a militant Shi'a and Sunni Islamist political organization and paramilitary group based in South Africa. The radical group was founded by Ahmed Cassiem in 1979. Ahmed Cassiem was incarcerated on Robben Island by the apartheid regime for much of his adult life. The meaning of Qibla comes from the Quran meaning direction. It is in the direction of Mecca that multiple times a day Muslims pray towards. The group was seeking to remove apartheid along with all of the other organisations which were dedicated to the fight against apartheid. The organisation has members of both Sunni and Shia persuasion. The group was also founded in order to advance Islam in South Africa, and has also been labeled as a terrorist group by the U.S. State Department. Organization When Qibla was established in 1979 in South Africa, it was during a time of turmoil. The apartheid regime had control of the government and Islam continued to be a suppressed religion. Muslims first came to South Africa in 1658, and most had come as slaves. By the 1970s and 1980s, some Muslims began to act in an effort to establish socio-political justice. Qibla was not the only movement that was formed, along with the Muslim Students Association (MSA), the Muslim Youth Movement (MYM), and the Call of Islam (COI). The government in South Africa, which associated itself with Iran, disregarded the growth of Islamicist groups in the country. In addition, Al-Qaeda had also taken a stronghold in South Africa. Qibla's leader, Cassiem was also seen as a radical by the United States government. They believed that Qibla was formed in an effort to create an Islamic state based on the Iranian revolution. They thought that Qibla's members were being trained militarily in Libya as well. Qibla was originally established in an effort to combat the apartheid government and it was a socio-political movement. Qibla also had very strong religious ties and this is how some members became part of it. Cassiem and another individual named Sa’dullah Khan conducted Qur’an classes. They would at first not discuss the movement, but the classes were for individuals to find a deeper meaning in their Islamic religion. Many felt a connection with the analysis of the Qur’an that Cassiem and Khan provided and inspired individuals to want to be directly involved politically and socially. These classes also drew women in as well. Women were inspired to be involved because they felt a need as Muslim women to make a difference in what they believed in because they are often pushed to the side. Women were an important part of the group and are often disregarded for being involved with Islamicist groups. The classes allowed Qibla to establish a significant space that became a ritualistic practice utilized by the group to create unity. This allowed them to use religion as a source of motivation and as deeper meaning for individuals to want to fight for their cause. It brought in individuals who had", "title": "Qibla (group)" }, { "docid": "901247", "text": "Eugène Ney Terre'Blanche (, 31 January 1941 – 3 April 2010) was an Afrikaner nationalist who founded and led the (AWB; Afrikaner Resistance Movement in English). Prior to founding the AWB, he served as a South African Police officer, was a farmer, and was an unsuccessful Herstigte Nasionale Party (Reconstituted National Party) candidate for local office in the Transvaal. He was a major figure in the right-wing backlash against the collapse of apartheid. His beliefs and philosophy have continued to be influential amongst white supremacists in South Africa and across the world. Background Terre'Blanche's grandfather fought as a Cape Rebel for the Boer cause in the Second Boer War, while his father was a lieutenant colonel in the South African Defence Force and a leader of the local Commando. The progenitor of the Terre'Blanche name (translatable as either 'white land' or 'white earth' in French) in the region was a French Huguenot refugee, Estienne Terre'Blanche from Toulon (Provence), who arrived at the Cape in 1704, fleeing anti-Protestant persecution in France. The Terre'Blanche name has generally retained its original spelling though other spellings include Terre Blanche, Terblanche and Terblans. Born on a farm in the Transvaal town of Ventersdorp on 31 January 1941, Terre'Blanche attended Laerskool Ventersdorp and Hoër Volkskool in Potchefstroom, matriculating in 1962. While in school, he gave early expression to his political leanings by founding the cultural organisation Jong Afrikanerharte (Young Afrikaner Hearts). He joined the South African Police, and was initially deployed in South West Africa (now Namibia), which had been given to South Africa under a League of Nations Trust mandate after World War I. Upon returning to South Africa, he became a Warrant Officer in the Special Guard Unit, which was assigned to members of the Cabinet. Under Terre'Blanche, the AWB swore to use violence to preserve minority rule, opposing any concessions offered to the African National Congress – an organisation AWB supporters repeatedly branded as Marxist terrorists – and gaining notoriety for storming the Kempton Park Trade Centre during bilateral negotiations in 1993. AWB loyalists also clashed with South African security forces at the Battle of Ventersdorp, a bloody skirmish in 1991 where police opened fire on a white crowd for the first time since the Rand Rebellion, leaving three AWB members dead. Immediately prior to South Africa's first multiracial election, Terre'Blanche's followers were linked to a number of bombings and assassinations targeting the South African Communist Party; armed AWB commandos participated in the crisis in Bophuthatswana in 1994. Terre'Blanche spent three years in a Rooigrond prison for assaulting a petrol station attendant and for the attempted murder of a black security guard around 1996. He was released in June 2004. On 3 April 2010, he was hacked and beaten to death on his Ventersdorp farm, by two of his black employees. Political career Herstigte Nasionale Party During the late 1960s, Terre'Blanche increasingly opposed what he called the \"liberal policies\" of B. J. Vorster, then Prime Minister of South Africa. After four years of", "title": "Eugène Terre'Blanche" }, { "docid": "524020", "text": "Kaokoland was an administrative unit and a bantustan in northern South West Africa (now Namibia). Established in 1980 during the apartheid era, it was intended to be a self-governing homeland of the Ovahimba, but an actual government was never established, and the territory was administered by the leaders of Hereroland. Like other homelands in South West Africa, the Kaokoland bantustan was abolished in May 1989, at the beginning of the transition of Namibia towards independence. \"Kaokoland\" remains as an informal name for the geographic area, while the political unit of administration since 1990 has been Kunene Region. The area is in the Kaokoveld ecoregion. The area is one of the wildest and least populated areas in Namibia, with a population density of one person every 2 km2 (1/4 of the national average). The most represented ethnic group is the Himba people, who account for about 5,000 of the overall 16,000 inhabitants of Kaokoland. The main settlement in Kaokoland was the city of Opuwo. Geography The Kaokoland area extends south-north from the Hoanib river to the Kunene river (that also marks the border between Namibia and Angola). It is largely mountainous, with the northern Baynes Mountains reaching their maximum elevation at 2039 m. Other notable mountain ranges of Kaokoland include the Otjihipa Mountains (to the north) and the Hartmann Mountains (to the east). The land is generally dry and rocky, especially to the south, where it borders on the Namib Desert; nevertheless, it has several rivers as well as falls. The most notable falls in Kaokoland are the Ruacana Falls (120 m high, 700 m wide) and the Epupa Falls, both formed by the Kunene river. The northern part of Kaokoland is greener, with vegetation thriving valleys such as the Marienfluss and Hartmann Valley. History Before colonialism, Kaokoland was mostly inhabited by the Ovambo, Nama, and Herero people. In the second half of the 19th century, a group of Herero crossed the Kunene River, migrating north to what is now Angola, joining with the Bushmen in Southern Angola; the modern day Himba people originated from this Angolan Herero group. In 1884, Kaokoland became part of German South West Africa, and the Namibian Herero people changed much of their habits and costumes as a consequence of German rule. After World War I, South Africa received the mandate from the League of Nations to administer the territory of Namibia, which became, for all practical purposes, a province of South Africa. South Africa also applied to Namibia the principles of apartheid, including the creation of distinct bantustans (homelands) for different African ethnic groups. Kaokoland was thus established as a bantustan for the Himba people, who in the 1920s had come back from Angola into Namibia. Despite its scarce population, Kaokoland was greatly affected by the struggle for independence of Namibia, and most specifically by the so-called \"bush war\" that was fought across the border with Angola (i.e., in Kaokoland). The Himba people The Himba people are the descendants of a Herero group that got", "title": "Kaokoland" }, { "docid": "28298424", "text": "Aethiopian, Æthiopian, Æthiopic or Ethiopian Sea or Ocean ( or Oceanus Æthiopicus; ) was the name given to the southern half of the Atlantic Ocean in classical geographical works. The name appeared in maps from ancient times up to the turn of the 19th century. Geography The originally Greek term Okeanos Aithiopos is an old name for what is now called the South Atlantic Ocean. It is separated from the North Atlantic Ocean by a narrow region between Natal, Brazil and Monrovia, Liberia. The term Ethiopian Ocean appeared until the mid-19th century, for example on the map Accuratissima Totius Africae in Lucem Producta, engraved by Johann Baptist Homann and Frederick de Wit and published by Jacob von Sandrart in Nürnberg in 1702. The name Aethiopian was related to the fact that, historically, Africa west and south of Egypt was known as Aethiopia. Nowadays the classical use of the term has become obsolete. Also the nation of Ethiopia, then known as Abyssinia, is located nowhere near its namesake body of water but in the opposite eastern end of Africa which is much closer to the Indian Ocean and its subset the Red Sea. History Ancient Greek historians Diodorus and Palaephatus mentioned that the Gorgons lived in the Gorgades, islands in the Aethiopian Sea. The main island was called Cerna and, according to Henry T. Riley, these islands may correspond to Cape Verde. On 16th century maps, the name of the Northern Atlantic Ocean was Sinus Occidentalis, while the central Atlantic, southwest of present-day Liberia, appeared as Sinus Atlanticus and the Southern Atlantic as Mare Aethiopicum. By the 17th century John Seller divided the Atlantic Ocean in two parts by means of the equator. He named the northern portion of the Atlantic \"Mar del Nort\" and the southern part \"Oceanus Æthiopicus\" in his Atlas Maritimus published in 1672. Edward Wright did not label the North Atlantic at all but called the portion south of the equator the \"Aethiopian Sea\" in a map that was published posthumously in 1683. John Thornton used the term in \"A New Map of the World\" from 1703. Decades after the terms Ethiopian Ocean or Ethiopian Sea had fallen into disuse to refer to the Southern Atlantic Ocean, botanist William Albert Setchell (1864–1943) used the term for the sea around certain islands close to Antarctica. See also Ethiopia (mythology) Gorgons References External links Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand 1868-1961 Anais do Museu Paulista: História e Cultura Material - Do oceano dos clássicos aos mares dos impérios: transformações cartográficas do Atlântico sul \"Tekeli-li\" or Hollow Earth Lives: A Bibliography of Antarctic Fiction Pomponius Mela, de Chorographia Liber Primus BBC - Mapping Africa History of the Atlantic Ocean History of cartography Oceanography History of geography Ancient Greek geography Bodies of water of Africa", "title": "Aethiopian Sea" }, { "docid": "39667317", "text": "Zaki Ibrahim is a South African-Canadian singer-songwriter. Her music blends R&B, soul and jazz. Career Born in British Columbia to a father originally from South Africa and a mother from the United Kingdom, Ibrahim spent her childhood as what she describes as a \"citizen of the world\", living at different times in Canada, South Africa, the United Kingdom and France . Her father, Zane Ibrahim, was a pioneering radio broadcaster in South Africa, who was one of the founders of the influential community radio station Bush Radio. She moved to Toronto, Ontario in the mid-2000s, and soon became a popular draw on the city's live music scene. She released her debut EP, Shö (Iqra in Orange), in 2006. Following one show at the El Mocambo in 2007, her production team and supporting musicians immediately formed an assembly line to produce and burn a compact disc recording of the just-completed show for immediate sale; the lineup to purchase copies extended well outside the club's front door. She released a second EP, Eclectica (Episodes in Purple), in 2008. Her live shows to support the EP included an appearance with Bedouin Soundclash at the 2008 MuchMusic Video Awards, and a show opening for Erykah Badu at Massey Hall. She garnered a Juno Award nomination for R&B/Soul Recording of the Year at the Juno Awards of 2009 for her single \"Money\". Her song \"Ansomnia\" was included in the 2010 film soundtrack For Colored Girls: Music From and Inspired by the Original Motion Picture Soundtrack. Her first full-length album, Every Opposite, was released in 2012. The album was named as a longlisted nominee for the 2013 Polaris Music Prize on June 13, 2013, and subsequently named to the short list on July 16, 2013. She is currently based in Toronto Ontario. Albums Shö (Iqra in Orange) - 2006 Eclectica (Episodes in Purple) - 2008 Every Opposite - 2012 The Secret Life of Planets - 2018 References External links Canadian rhythm and blues singers Canadian soul singers Canadian women jazz singers Canadian jazz singers Canadian people of British descent Canadian people of South African descent Singers from British Columbia Living people South African rhythm and blues musicians South African jazz singers 21st-century South African women singers Musicians from Cape Town Year of birth missing (living people) 21st-century Canadian women singers", "title": "Zaki Ibrahim" }, { "docid": "6109678", "text": "Kurt Danziger (born 3 June 1926) is a German-born academic whose work has focused on the history of psychology, particularly in the 20th century. His innovative contributions to this field have received widespread international recognition. Biography Danziger was born in Germany in 1926 and emigrated to South Africa at the age of 11. After receiving degrees in Chemistry and Psychology from the University of Cape Town, he continued his studies at the newly established Institute of Experimental Psychology at the University of Oxford in England. His work there involved standard 1940s psychology experiments using laboratory rats (e.g. Danziger, 1953). On completing his doctorate, he joined the University of Melbourne in Australia where he did research in developmental psychology, studying children's understanding of social relationships (e.g. Danziger, 1957). In 1954, Danziger moved back to South Africa where social psychology soon became his main area of research. Following a two-year stay as Visiting Professor at Gadjah Mada University in Jogjakarta, Indonesia, Danziger returned to South Africa as Head of Psychology at the University of Cape Town. There he conducted some groundbreaking studies inspired by the sociology of knowledge (Danziger, 1963). This research was continued by others for many years afterwards and is still discussed (e. g. DuPreez et al., 1981; Finchilescu & Dawes, 1999; Leslie & Finchilescu, 2013). Danziger's time in Cape Town, and his eventual departure from South Africa, were marked by his opposition to the apartheid policies which were being enforced with increasing violence and brutality. This active opposition, both inside and outside the academy, eventually led to threats and reprisals on the part of what was becoming a repressive police state. He left South Africa for Canada in 1965 and was prohibited from returning until the collapse of the old system after 1990. Danziger took up an appointment as Professor of Psychology at York University, Toronto, where he continued to work in social psychology. His publications from this time include a textbook, Socialization (Danziger, 1971) and a monograph, Interpersonal Communication (Danziger, 1976), which were translated into several languages. Danziger had a longstanding interest in the history of psychology and began intensive study of primary sources in the early 1970s. He became particularly interested in Wilhelm Wundt's work. Around the time of psychology's \"centennial\", marking the establishment of Wundt's laboratory in 1879, Danziger published a number of chapters and articles related to this topic (e.g. Danziger, 1979a). However, during the 1980s, he became increasingly interested in the history of psychological research methods (e.g. Danziger, 1985). This interest culminated in what is probably Danziger's best-known book, Constructing the Subject: Historical Origins of Psychological Research (Danziger, 1990). Danziger was also interested in the history of psychological concepts and categories, and in a later book, Naming the Mind: How Psychology Found Its Language (Danziger, 1997), he traced the historical origins of modern psychological concepts like \"behavior\", \"intelligence\", \"attitude\", \"personality\" and \"motivation\". He continued this line of work in his book, Marking the Mind: A History of Memory (Danziger, 2008). The book is a", "title": "Kurt Danziger" }, { "docid": "32938873", "text": "Lavocatavis is an extinct genus of phorusrhacid from the Eocene of Algeria. A fossilized femur was described from the Glib Zegdou Formation in 2011 and is the only known specimen of Lavocatavis. The species was designated L. africana. Discovery and naming The holotype of Lavocatavis, UM HGL 51-55, consists of an almost complete right femur. It is reasonably well preserved in the middle, but fragmentary at both ends. It originates from layer HGL 51 of the Glib Zegdou Formation of Algeria. The generic epithet (meaning \"Lavocat's bird\") was named in honor of René Lavocat, the person who first reported the earth layer of the holotype. Paleobiogeography The oldest phorusrhacoids are from South America and Antarctica, suggesting that the ancestors of Lavocatavis migrated into Africa from the west. During the Eocene, the Atlantic Ocean separated South America from Africa by at least , ruling out a land migration. For a flightless terrestrial bird like Lavocatavis, the only means of entering Africa would have been through rafting on floating islands or island hopping. Currents traveled westward in the South Atlantic during the early Paleocene, making it unlikely that phorusrhacoids traveled on floating islands. The ancestors of Lavocatavis most likely traveled between very large islands that existed on what are now the submerged Rio Grande Rise and Walvis Ridge. However, it is also possible that the ancestors of Lavocatavis retained some of their flight ability and were able to travel between islands with more ease than flightless birds. If this was the case, Lavocatavis became flightless independently of other flightless phorusrhacoids, in a case of convergent evolution. References Extinct flightless birds Eocene birds Fossil taxa described in 2011 Phorusrhacidae Cenozoic birds of Africa", "title": "Lavocatavis" }, { "docid": "1231495", "text": "Anton Hellinger (16 December 1925 – 19 September 2019), known as Bert Hellinger, was a German psychotherapist associated with a therapeutic method best known as Family Constellations and Systemic Constellations. In recent years, his work evolved beyond these formats into what he called Movements of the Spirit-Mind. Several thousand professional practitioners worldwide, influenced by Hellinger, but not necessarily following him, continue to apply and adapt his original insights to a broad range of personal, organizational and political applications. Life Anton Hellinger was born into a Catholic family in Leimen, Baden, Germany, in 1925. Hellinger stated that his parents' \"particular form of Catholic faith provided the entire family with immunity against believing the distortions of National Socialism.\" At age 10, he left his family to attend a Catholic convent school run by the Order of the Jesuits in which he was later ordained and that sent him to South Africa as a missionary. The local Hitler Youth Organization tried without success to recruit the teenage Bert Hellinger. This resulted in his being classified as 'Suspected of Being an Enemy of the People' In 1942, Hellinger was conscripted into the German army. He saw combat on the Western front. In 1945, he was captured and imprisoned in an Allied P.O.W. camp in Belgium. After escaping from the P.O.W. camp, Hellinger made his way back to Germany. Hellinger entered the Jesuits (Society of Jesus), a Catholic religious order, taking the religious name Suitbert, which is the source of his first name \"Bert\". He studied philosophy and theology at the University of Würzburg en route to his ordination as a priest. In the early 1950s, he was dispatched to South Africa where he was assigned to be a missionary to the Zulus. There he continued his studies at the University of Pietermaritzburg and the University of South Africa where he received a B.A. and a University Education Diploma, which entitled him to teach at public high schools. Hellinger lived in South Africa for 16 years. During these years he served as a parish priest, teacher and, finally, as headmaster of a large school. He also had administrative responsibility for the entire diocesan district containing 150 schools. He became fluent in the Zulu language, participated in Zulu rituals, and gained an appreciation for the Zulu worldview. His participation in a series of interracial, ecumenical training in group dynamics led by Anglican clergy in South Africa in the early 1960s laid the groundwork for his leaving the Catholic priesthood. From his point of view, the trainers worked from a phenomenological orientation -- they were concerned with recognizing what is essential out of all the diversity present, without intention, without fear, without preconceptions, relying purely on what appears. He was deeply impressed by the way their methods showed it was possible for opposites to become reconciled through mutual respect. The beginning of his interest in phenomenology coincided with the unfolding dissolution of his vows to the priesthood. Hellinger told how one of the trainers asked the group,", "title": "Bert Hellinger" }, { "docid": "39550820", "text": "This article presents a list of Roman provinces in the Late Roman Empire, as found in the Notitia Dignitatum. Praetorian prefecture of Gauls In Latin, Gallia was also sometimes used as a general term for all Celtic peoples and their territories, such as all Brythons, including Germanic and Iberian provinces that also had a population with a Celtic culture. The plural, Galliarum in Latin, indicates that all of these are meant, not just Caesar's Gaul (several modern countries). Diocese of Gallia Gallia covered about half of the Gallic provinces of the early empire: in what is now northern and central France, roughly the part north of the Loire (called after the capital Lugdunum, modern Lyon) Belgica II Lugdunensis I Lugdunensis II Lugdunensis III Lugdunensis IV Senonia in Belgium, Luxembourg, part of present-day Netherlands (below the Rhine), on the left bank (west) of the Rhine Germania II Belgica II in what are now parts of France and Germany on the western bank of the Rhine Belgica I Belgica II Germania I Germania II in what are now parts of France and Switzerland: Alpes Poeninae et Graiae Maxima Sequanorum Diocesis Viennensis The diocese ov Vienna was named after the city of Vienna (now Vienne), and almost entirely in present-day France, roughly south of the Loire. It was originally part of Caesar's newly conquered province of Transalpine Gaul, but a separate diocese from the start. Viennensis Alpes Maritimae Aquitanica I Aquitanica II Novempopulana Narbonensis I Narbonensis II In the fifth century, Viennensis was replaced by a diocese of Septem Provinciae ('7 Provinces') with similar boundaries. Diocese of Hispania Hispania was the name of the whole Iberian Peninsula. It covered Hispania and the westernmost province of Roman Africa: Baetica Hispania Balearica (the Mediterranean islands) Carthaginiensis Tarraconensis Gallaecia Lusitania Mauretania Tingitana or Hispania Nova, in North Africa Diocese of Britannia Maxima Caesariensis Valentia Britannia Prima Britannia Secunda Flavia Caesariensis Praetorian prefecture of Italy and Africa (western) Originally there was a single diocese of Italia, but it was eventually split into a northern section and a southern section. The division of Italy into regions had already been established by Aurelian. Diocese of Italia suburbicaria Suburbicaria indicates proximity to Rome, the Urbs (capital city). It included the islands, which were previously considered outside Italy. Campania Tuscania et Umbria Picenum Suburbicarium Apulia et Calabria Bruttia et Lucania Samnium Valeria Corsica Sicilia Sardinia Diocese of Italia annonaria Annonaria refers to a reliance on the area for the provisioning of Rome. It encompassed northern Italy and Raetia. Venetia et Histria Aemilia Liguria Flaminia et Picenum Annonarium Alpes Cottiae Raetia I Raetia II Diocese of Africa Africa included the central part of Roman North Africa: Africa or Zeugitana Byzacena Mauretania Caesariensis Mauretania Sitifensis Numidia Tripolitania Praetorian Prefecture of Illyricum The Prefecture of Illyricum was named after the former province of Illyricum. It originally included two dioceses, the Diocese of Pannonia and the Diocese of Moesia. Constantine I later split the Diocese of Moesia into two dioceses: the Diocese of Macedonia and", "title": "List of Late Roman provinces" }, { "docid": "37065705", "text": "Three missionaries of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) started proselyting to white English-speaking people in Cape Town in 1853. Most converts from this time emigrated to the United States. The mission was closed in 1865, but reopened in 1903.The South African government limited the amount of missionaries allowed to enter the country in 1921 and in 1955. Starting around 1930, a man had to trace his genealogy out of Africa to be eligible for the priesthood, since black people were not permitted to be ordained. In 1954 when church president David O. McKay visited South Africa, he removed the requirement for genealogical research for a man to be ordained, stipulating only that \"there is no evidence of his having Negro blood in his veins\". After the church's 1978 Revelation on Priesthood removed the official prohibition against black priests, local opposition continued. The South African government lifted the restrictions on visiting missionaries. The Book of Mormon was translated into Afrikaans in 1972, to Zulu in 1987, and to Xhosa in 2000. The Transvaal Stake was organized in South Africa in 1970 and the Pretoria Stake was organized in 1978. At some point between 2000 and 2005, the number of black members of the LDS Church in South Africa exceeded fifty percent of the church's total membership in the country. Early missionary efforts The first Latter-day Saint missionaries to what is now South Africa, Jesse Haven, Leonard I. Smith and William H. Walker, arrived in Cape Colony at Cape Town on 19 April 1853. The first LDS branch was organized at Mowbray on 16 August 1853. When the missionaries tried to organize meetings, mobs would disperse them. Local preachers told their congregations not to feed or house the missionaries and encouraged new converts to leave the LDS church. In 1855, the original three missionaries went home and encouraged their fellow Latter-day Saints to emigrate to Utah and helped raise funds for them to do so. When local boat captains refused to transport Mormons, John Stock, Thomas Parker, and Charles Roper of Port Elizabeth sold their sheep and bought their own boat. Between 1855 and 1865, some 270 church members emigrated to the United States from Port Elizabeth. In 1858, only 243 local members remained. Missionaries to Durban and Pietermaritzburg in 1863 experienced harassment similar to the first missionaries, like angry mobs and little protection from local constables. The mission closed in 1865 because of government restrictions, and a lack of knowledge of Afrikaans, isolation from church headquarters, and local opposition to polygamy. Most early converts were of British descent, and were often people born in Britain because proselyting efforts focused on English-speaking individuals of European descent, since blacks were not allowed to hold the priesthood at the time and the missionaries did not know how to speak Afrikaans. In 1905, Lyon baptized a man with the last name of Dunn who was the son of a Scottish father and a Zulu mother. Dunn is believed to be", "title": "The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in South Africa" }, { "docid": "36293539", "text": "Aspen Pharmacare Holdings Limited is a public multinational pharmaceutical company headquartered in uMhlanga, South Africa. Founded in 1997, it listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) in 1998, and purchased South African Druggists in 1999 before expanding into international markets. Currently the largest pharmaceutical company in Africa through aggressive mergers and expansion, with major manufacturing sites in locations such as Gqeberha in South Africa, Bad Oldesloe in Germany, Notre-Dame-de-Bondeville in France, and Oss, Netherlands, Aspen is known for manufacturing and distributing branded pharmaceuticals as well as generic HIV/AIDS antiretrovirals (ARVs) and cancer medications. Among other products, Aspen has also been involved in manufacturing the Janssen COVID-19 vaccine through \"fill and finish\", and has the rights to sell the product under its own brand name Aspenovax. The company's revenue in 2022 was R38.6 billion (US$2.36 billion). In 2016 Aspen was fined for high prices on cancer drugs, and after an investigation Aspen committed to reduce prices for 5 years in the European Union. History Founding and acquisitions (1997-2003) According to the company website, the legacy company behind Aspen Holdings was founded in 1850 by Berry Grey Lennon, an Irish chemist, who opened a drug store in Port Elizabeth , South Africa. In 1898, B.G. Lennon & Co. established itself as Lennon Ltd, and by 1930 it was the largest pharmaceutical company in the southern hemisphere. Mergers continued throughout the 1950s and 1960s. Lennon was listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) in 1968, and in 1975 it started a research and development department to develop and register generic drugs. Separate from Lennon, the originating Aspen company was founded in 1997 by South African businesspeople Stephen Saad, Gus Attridge, and Steve Sturlese, as well as a fourth shareholder. The business was initially located in Durban, South Africa. With backing from Investec, Aspen listed on the JSE in 1998. Aspen purchased South African Druggists (SAD) in 1999, the oldest pharmaceutical business in South Africa, for R2.4 billion in a hostile take over. SAD still owned a large manufacturing facility in Gqeberha and the Lennon home remedies brand. With Saad serving as chief executive and Attridge as deputy chief executive, co-founder Steve Sturlese left the company in 2001, and that year Aspen expanded into Australia. Also in 2001, Saad negotiated the \"first-ever voluntary\" licenses to manufacture generic versions of antiretrovirals (ARVs) to treat HIV, ending a \"stand off\" between the South African government and various multinational drug companies over anticompetitive activities. Also, in 2001, GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) granted Aspen the right to manufacture low-cost generics of three of its ARVs. By 2003, Aspen was the largest generic medicine distributor in South Africa. In August 2003, Aspen launched Aspen Stavudine - its first generic ARV drug, building an Oral Solid Dosage drug facility in Gqeberha to produce what was Africa's first generic antiretroviral. Aspen's efforts led to expanded access to affordable treatments for HIV/AIDS. International expansion (2004-2019) Aspen acquired Fine Chemicals Corporation in Cape Town, South Africa in 2004, which was the only producer of active", "title": "Aspen Pharmacare" }, { "docid": "35921447", "text": "Fingoland was a historical territory situated in what is now the Eastern Cape, South Africa. It was inhabited primarily by the Xhosa people of the Mfengu clans, and was located in the south-west portion of the \"Transkei\" region. The region that was later known as the Transkei was originally divided into territories known as the Idutywa Reserve, Fingoland (Mfenguland) and Xhosaland. Fingoland lay by the borderlands in the far south of the Transkei, just north of the Kei River. Following their annexation by the British however, these territories were restructured into the divisions of Butterworth, Tsomo and Ngqamakwe for Fingoland; Centani and Willowvale for Xhosaland; and Idutywa for the Idutywa Reserve. Location The territory is located between the Kei and the Bashee rivers, close to the city of East London. Within the Transkei region, Fingoland is located in the far south-west corner on the coast, just south of Tembuland and west of Pondoland. History The original inhabitants of southern Africa were undoubtedly the Khoikhoi and San Bushmen. Iron-working, farming, speakers of Nguni languages arrived in the first millennium AD, the fore-front of the great \"Bantu Migration\" from further north. The Fengu people, whose name means \"Wanderers\", arrived in the area in the early 1800s fleeing from Shaka's Zulu armies in the east. After settling among the Xhosas they were assimilated into the Xhosa cultural way of life by the Xhosas. However they suffered repression from the Gcaleka Xhosa and fled further west towards the then Cape Colony. They settled in their current area in 1835, on invitation from the Cape Government, and became adept and fearsome military allies of the Cape Colony in its frontier wars. Fingoland was annexed to the Cape Colony by treaty and act of Parliament in 1877 (Act 38 of 1877(C)). The act ordered that the inhabitants of Fingoland were to elect two seats in the Cape Parliament. At the time, the Cape Colony operated under its multi-racial \"Cape Qualified Franchise\" system, so qualifications for suffrage applied equally to all male residents, regardless of race. The full promulgation of the annexation act only took place several years later. See also Fengu people Xhosa Wars References Cape Colony Former countries in Africa History of South Africa Transkei Geography of the Eastern Cape", "title": "Fingoland" }, { "docid": "25783080", "text": "Kunyu Wanguo Quantu, printed in Ming China at the request of the Wanli Emperor in 1602 by the Italian Catholic missionary Matteo Ricci and Chinese collaborators, the mandarin Zhong Wentao, and the technical translator Li Zhizao, is the earliest known Chinese world map with the style of European maps. It has been referred to as the Impossible Black Tulip of Cartography, \"because of its rarity, importance and exoticism\". The map was crucial in expanding Chinese knowledge of the world. It was eventually exported to Korea then Japan and was influential there as well, though less so than Giulio Aleni's Zhifang Waiji. Description The 1602 Ricci map is a very large, high and wide, woodcut using a pseudocylindrical map projection showing China at the center of the known world. It is the first map in Chinese to show the Americas. The map's mirror image originally was carved on six large blocks of wood and then printed in brownish ink on six mulberry paper panels, similar to the making of a folding screen. It portrays both North and South America and the Pacific Ocean with reasonable accuracy. China appropriately is linked to Asia, India, and the Middle East. Europe, the Mediterranean, and Africa also are well delineated. Diane Neimann, a trustee of the James Ford Bell Trust, notes that: \"There is some distortion, but what's on the map is the result of commerce, trade and exploration, so one has a good sense of what was known then.\" Ti Bin Zhang, first secretary for cultural affairs at the Chinese Embassy in Washington, D.C., said in 2009: \"The map represents the momentous first meeting of East and West\" and was the \"catalyst for commerce.\" Details The map includes images and annotations describing different regions of the world. Africa is noted to have the world's highest mountain and longest river. The brief description of North America mentions \"humped oxen\" or bison (駝峰牛 tuófēngníu), feral horses (野馬, yěmǎ), and names Canada (加拿大, Jiānádà). The map identifies Florida as Huādì (花地), the \"Land of Flowers.\" Several Central and South American places are named, including Guatemala (哇的麻剌, Wādemálá), Yucatan (宇革堂, Yǔgétáng), and Chile (智里, Zhīlǐ). The map's cartographer, Matteo Ricci, gave a brief description of the discovery of the Americas. \"In olden days, nobody had ever known that there were such places as North and South America or Magellanica (using a name that early mapmakers gave to a supposed continent including Australia, Antarctica, and Tierra del Fuego), but a hundred years ago, Europeans came sailing in their ships to parts of the sea coast, and so discovered them.\" The Museo della Specola Bologna has in its collection, displayed on the wall of the Globe Room, original copies of panels 1 and 6 of the six panels comprising the 1602 Ricci map. During restoration and mounting, a central panel—a part of the Doppio Emisfero delle Stelle by the German mathematician and astronomer Johann Adam Schall von Bell—was inserted between the two sections by mistake. In 1958, Pasquale D’Elia, sinologist", "title": "Kunyu Wanguo Quantu" }, { "docid": "60754103", "text": "Salisbury was launched c.1814 in the almost certainly under another name and was possibly a prize. She was possibly captured by the British or sold to British owners in 1815. She made one voyage seal hunting in 1820 and transported settlers to South Africa in 1821. She was lost in 1827. Origins and career Salisbury origins and career are difficult to untangle because there were at various times several vessels by that name, all ranging between 117 and 125 tons burthen, and having similar trades. In 1821 Lloyd's Register (LR) carried two vessels named Salisbury, and the Register of Shipping carried four. It appears that LR missed one vessel completely and may have conflated two different vessels. Salisbury first appeared in LR in 1815 with S. Creedy, master, London owners, and trade London–Sierra Leone. Her origins were given as a foreign prize. She first appeared in the Register of Shipping (RS) with J. Creedy, master, Craig, owner, and trade London–Africa. Her origins were given as Portugal, built in 1812. However, in 1818 RS had two listings for Salisbury while LR had one that seemingly combined the two listings in RS. Seal hunting voyage (1820–1821): On 8 September 1820 Messrs Cannan, Smith and Millars appointed Captain Thomas Hodges, late master of , to command of Salisbury to engage in seal hunting. He sailed from England on 15 September, bound for the South Shetland Islands. He arrived at New South Shetland in January 1821 and left on 16 February. Salisbury called at Buenos Aires and arrived in the Downs on 13 May and in the Thames by 22 May. She returned with 9000, or 9,821, or 8,926 seal skins. Salisbury Bluff (), the point forming the south side of the entrance to Las Palmas Cove in Hurd Peninsula, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, is named for Salisbury. Settler transport: On 14 August 1821 Captain James Saunders King sailed from London with 20 settlers from England to South Africa. These were a private party and not under the auspices of the Government Settler Scheme. Salisbury reached Table Bay, Cape Town on 8 December and arrived at Algoa Bay, Port Elizabeth, on 15 January 1822. After delivering the settlers, Captain King and Salisbury traded between the Cape and Delagoa Bay. On a return trip to the Cape in 1823, Salisbury encountered a bad storm. King took the risk to cross the Bar, bringing her safely to anchor in the Bay of Natal. In 1824, King mapped the Bay and named the \"Salisbury and Farewell Islands\". In 1825, King settled in what would become the city of Durban. By 1825 the RS no longer listed the Salisbury of Portuguese origin; the other three Salisburys that had been present in 1821 were still listed. On 3 October 1825 a Salisbury was driven ashore and wrecked on Götaland, Sweden. She had been on a voyage from Liverpool, to Saint Petersburg. Fate Salisbury, of Liverpool, was lost off Cape Mount, Africa, on 1 June 1827. Her", "title": "Salisbury (1818 ship)" }, { "docid": "28196738", "text": "MaxNormal.TV (formerly Max Normal) was a South African music group that formed in 2001 and eventually evolved into Die Antwoord. The group's name was taken from a comic book character in the Judge Dredd comic of the same name. Early days Watkin \"Waddy\" Tudor Jones was part of the South African hip-hop scene for many years, fronting such acts as The Original Evergreen. Mark Buchanan and Sean Ou Tim were veterans of the music industry, each being involved with numerous experimental, and many successful South African bands over the years. In the year prior to the formation of Max Normal, Jones released his debut solo album Memoirs of a Clone, which featured the band on some of the tracks. Due to the success of that album, a follow-up album was released with the entire band. The album, Songs From the Mall, was released on 23 July 2001. Both albums were produced, recorded, and mixed by Adrian Levi, the head of Chameleon Studios. Formation Max Normal was formed in 2001 by Mark Buchanan (electric bass/electric guitar), Sean Ou Tim (drums/keyboards/samples), Simon Ringrose (turntables/backing vocals) and Watkin Tudor Jones (vocals/programming). Max Normal performed at various festivals around the country, including Up the Creek, Splashy Fen, and Oppikoppi. They also had a very successful tour in Europe, where they played in London, as well as three shows at the world-renowned Pukkelpop Festival in Belgium, which was a huge success. It was stated that Nelly Furtado joined Waddy on one of his tracks. Split The last performance of Max Normal was supporting Faithless in Cape Town in 2002. Jones later disbanded the group and moved to Cape Town, where he started The Constructus Corporation while other members started Chromoscience. The band performed again in 2005, renamed as MaxNormal.TV, performing the track The Organ Grinder from their Fantastic Kill album. Jones stated that the .TV was added to the band name because he was tired of being asked when Max Normal was coming back, and because his former collaborators did not wish to rejoin the band. The second incarnation of the band was introduced as a \"multimedia\" project as the band released a host of toys called Chommies, short films and various other merchandise. During this time, to promote the new Max Normal, Jones was selected to design for Oppikoppi 2007, which was based around one of his stuffed toys and partially based on the Dassie. In early 2008, the final Max Normal release Good Morning South Africa was bought out and the band broke up soon afterwards, to concentrate on Jones' new project Die Antwoord. As a footnote of what was to come of Die Antwoord, the album Good Morning South Africa gave out certain references as various lyrics, ideas and beats were used on the debut web release of $O$. The album Donker Mag would later also reuse the song \"Moon Love\" from \"Good Morning South Africa.\" Discography Albums 2001 Songs From The Mall (as Max Normal) 2008 Good Morning South Africa EPs", "title": "MaxNormal.TV" }, { "docid": "47037819", "text": "The Agulhas Plateau is an oceanic plateau located in the south-western Indian Ocean about south of South Africa. It is a remainder of a large igneous province (LIP), the Southeast African LIP, that formed (Ma) at or near the triple junction where Gondwana broke-up into Antarctica, South America, and Africa. The plateau formed together with Northeast Georgia Rise and Maud Rise (now located near the Falkland Island and Antarctica respectively) when the region passed over the Bouvet hotspot. Geology History of research The Agulhas Plateau is one of the key structures in the reconstruction of the Gondwana break-up. It was first mapped in 1964 (i.e. part of what would become the Heezen-Tharp map of the world's ocean floor finally published in 1977), but its crustal composition, paleoposition, and geological origin remained enigmatic for decades. The boundary between the Earth's crust and the mantle (the Moho) rises from between the Agulhas Bank (south of South Africa) and the Agulhas passage (south of the bank), typical for a continent-ocean transition. The Agulhas Passage consists of 120-160 Ma-old oceanic crust, whereas the 100-80 Ma-old Agulhas Plateau rises above the surrounding ocean floor while the Moho dips to between below it. The morphology of the basement below the northern plateau is irregular, suggestive of an oceanic origin. The basement below the southern plateau, however, is smooth, which has been interpreted as indicative of a possible continental origin. ODP drilling at the Northeast Georgia Rise (north-east of South Georgia) indicated that the Agulhas Plateau and the rise formed together and must have an oceanic origin. Some researchers, nevertheless, remained convinced that the plateau was at least partly of continental origin. Over several decades analyses of geoid, MAGSAT, gravitational, and magnetic anomalies data collected across the plateau were used as arguments for both an oceanic and a continental origin. Uenzelmann-Neben, Gohl and Ehrhardt could finally present seismic evidence that showed that the Agulhas Plateau was a large igneous province (LIP) made entirely of oceanic crust. Large igneous province The Agulhas Plateau is the remaining core of a large-scale volcanism that started in the Lazarev Sea (today off Antarctica) with the emplacement of the Karoo basalts 184 Ma. This process continued with the formation of the Mozambique Ridge (MOZR)-Agulhas Plateau LIP which was active in phases between 140-95 Ma. This formation coincides with the formation of the Kerguelen-Heard Plateau. The MOZR formed 140-122 Ma and must have reached its maximum extent about 120 Ma while the spreading zone between Africa and Antarctica was located under its eastern flank. The South Atlantic Ocean started to open-up 130 Ma when the Falkland Plateau moved westwards along what was becoming the Agulhas-Falkland Fracture Zone (AFFZ). In the wake of the Falkland Plateau, during the Cretaceous quiet interval, first the Natal Valley formed, then the Transkei Basin, a process completed 90 Ma. The process continued with the formation of the Agulhas Plateau—Northeast Georgia Rise—Maud Rise LIP (AP-NEGR-MR LIP or Southeast African LIP) at the end of the Early Cretaceous (100 Ma).", "title": "Agulhas Plateau" } ]	[ "Union of South Africa" ]
train_21960	who does mufasa 's voice in lion king	[ { "docid": "9076373", "text": "Africa: The Serengeti is a documentary film directed by George Casey. It was filmed in 70mm on location in Tanzania's Serengeti National Park and Kenya's Masai Mara. This documentary film is narrated by James Earl Jones. It was originally released to IMAX theaters in 1994. The film features nature cinematography during a year at East Africa's Serengeti plain. The Serengeti is a huge area of grassland in Tanzania. Once a year, in time of drought, animals travel north in order to survive. This \"great migration\", an event in which millions of wildebeests, zebras, and antelope travel several hundred miles across the plain, while lions and other dangers await them along the way, is considered one of the great wonders of the world. Hans Zimmer, composer of The Lion King (where Jones lent his voice to Mufasa), contributed to the film soundtrack. Casey followed this film with another nature documentary, Alaska: Spirit of the Wild. References External links Movie Script from Museum of Science - Boston Witnessing the Great Migration on Safari in Serengeti and Masai Mara 1994 short films 1994 films American documentary films IMAX short films Films set in Tanzania Films set in Africa Films set in Kenya 1990s English-language films Documentary films about nature 1994 documentary films IMAX documentary films Films scored by Hans Zimmer Films about lions Swahili-language films The Lion King (franchise) 1990s American films Documentary films about Tanzania", "title": "Africa: The Serengeti" }, { "docid": "43192439", "text": "American actor James Earl Jones has had an extensive career in various film, television, and theater. He started out in film by appearing in the 1964 political satire film Dr. Strangelove as Lt. Lothar Zogg. He then went on to star in the 1970 film The Great White Hope as Jack Jefferson, a role he first played in the Broadway production of the same name. The film role earned him two Golden Globe nominations, one for Best Actor and winning one for New Star of the Year. He also received an Academy Award nomination for Best Actor. His other work in the 1970s included playing the title character in Malcolm X (1972), Johnny Williams in The River Niger (1976), Nick Debrett in Swashbuckler (1976), Malcolm X again in The Greatest (1977), and The Bushido Blade with Richard Boone (1979). Jones has notably voiced the antagonist Darth Vader in the Star Wars franchise, first in the trilogy films—Star Wars (1977), The Empire Strikes Back (1980), Return of the Jedi (1983) then again in the first installment of the Star Wars anthology series—Rogue One (2016), and the third installment of the sequel trilogy, Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker. He is also notable for voicing the Disney character Mufasa, first in the 1994 animated film The Lion King, its sequel The Lion King II: Simba's Pride (1998), and the 2019 photorealistic computer-animated remake of the same name. In the 1980s, Jones had co-starring roles in the films Conan the Barbarian with Arnold Schwarzenegger (1982), Soul Man with C. Thomas Howell (1986), Allan Quatermain and the Lost City of Gold with Richard Chamberlain (1987), Matewan with Chris Cooper (1987), Coming to America with Eddie Murphy (1988) and Field of Dreams with Kevin Costner (1989). In 1990, Jones was first cast as the role of Admiral James Greer in the action thriller film The Hunt for Red October, a film based on Tom Clancy's novel of the same name. He reprised the role again in Patriot Games (1992) and Clear and Present Danger (1994), both films he co-starred with Harrison Ford, who was also in the first three Star Wars franchise films. He also played Mr. Mertle in The Sandlot (1993), a role he reprised again in The Sandlot 2 (2005). His later roles include Gimme Shelter with Rosario Dawson (2013), and The Angriest Man in Brooklyn with Robin Williams (2014), one of Williams' last films before his death. In 2008 and 2011, Jones won the Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award and Academy Honorary Award respectively for his career in film. Jones' television work includes playing Woodrow Paris in the series Paris between 1979 and 1980. He voiced various characters on the animated series The Simpsons in three separate seasons (1990, 1994, 1998). He then was cast as Gabriel Bird, the lead role in the series Gabriel's Fire which aired from 1990 to 1991. For that role, he won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series and was", "title": "James Earl Jones on screen and stage" }, { "docid": "61293793", "text": "\"Bigger\" (stylized in uppercase) is a song by American singer Beyoncé from the 2019 album The Lion King: The Gift and featured in the 2020 film Black Is King. Background The song was penned at a writing camp at Beyoncé's studio and was created due to a bond with British singer-songwriter Raye and US songwriter Stacy Barthe. Raye told BBC Newsbeat: \"I remember we were both in a really dark, sad place and we wanted to create something to empower ourselves. We spent maybe two or three hours on it. It was 3 a.m. and I remember Beyoncé's team came in and heard what we'd created so far and just completely freaked out. It was incredible.\" Raye also told Official Charts: \"I wrote a lot of songs - I put a shift in. But [Beyoncé] fell in love with Bigger.\" Beyoncé informed Raye that \"Bigger\" would be the first song on the album at the 2019 The Lion King European premiere, and her reaction, as caught on video, went viral. Raye tweeted \"Beyoncé told me I’ve written Track 1 on the new album ... it’s called Bigger . I can’t I can’t.\" Composition and lyrical interpretation \"Bigger\" is preceded by \"Balance\", a Mufasa interlude voiced by James Earl Jones, which samples his \"Circle of Life\" speech from the 2019 film. The two tracks segue into each other. Dazed described this shift as \"tying in nicely with the track’s lyrics.\" According to The Atlantic, \"Bigger\" has an overarching theme of \"royal succession\" as well as an undercurrent exploration of the \"ecological and existential\" aspects of the \"Circle of Life.\" Matzav Review described \"Bigger\" as an \"ode to the natural riches of the African continent\" whilst also serving as a tribute to Beyoncé's children, showing them the paraphrased \"power of collective knowledge.\" Music video A music video was released on July 19, 2019, as the second part from an extended edition of the music video from \"Spirit\", the lead single from the album. A second music video was released in Black Is King. It features snippets of the original video with new footage filmed specifically for the movie. Charts Certifications References 2019 songs Beyoncé songs Songs written by Beyoncé Songs written by Stacy Barthe Songs written by Raye (singer) Song recordings produced by Beyoncé", "title": "Bigger (Beyoncé song)" }, { "docid": "36850165", "text": "Constantino Romero García (29 May 1947 – 12 May 2013) was a Spanish actor and presenter. Due to his deep voice, he was most known for dubbing into Spanish and Catalan other actors like Clint Eastwood, James Earl Jones and Arnold Schwarzenegger in the Terminator or The Expendables films. Biography Radio and TV Romero was born in Alcalá de Henares and grew up in Chinchilla de Monte-Aragón (Albacete) where his mother lives. All his family are from Chinchilla and Almansa. His professional career began as an announcer at Radio Barcelona and RNE until 1985 when he made his first appearance in television as the host of the program Ya sé que tienes novio. From 1987 to 1992 he presented the game show El tiempo es oro on TVE. Later he moved to Antena 3 where he was very popular. Later he appeared in the regional TVs with the game show La Silla and replaced Silvia Jato in Pasapalabra in Antena 3 when she became a mother. He worked at CMT from 2002 to 2010. In 1984 he made his first stage appearance with L'Ópera de tres rals directed by Mario Gas. Both worked together in the musicals Sweeney Todd in 1995 and A Little Night Music by Stephen Sondheim. Another play in which he appeared was Little Shop of Horrors, giving voice to the carnivorous plant. Voice actor Romero was known as a voice over actor for some famous actors. Among his notable appearances in Castilian Spanish versions of foreign-language films, he was the voice of William Shatner as James T. Kirk in Star Trek, Arnold Schwarzenegger as the title character in The Terminator film series, Sean Connery as William T. O'Niel in Outland, Roger Moore as the title character in the James Bond franchise and James Earl Jones' role as Darth Vader in the Star Wars franchise. His voice also appears in the Spanish dubs of several Disney films, including The Lion King as Mufasa, The Hunchback of Notre-Dame as Frollo, Mulan as the Supreme Ancestor, and in The Jungle Book 2 as Shere Khan. Awards In 1999 he won an Antena de Oro Award and two TP de Oro awards. Retirement and death Romero retired on 12 December 2012, after his last job as a voice actor: Trouble with the Curve. He announced it through his Twitter account: \"Thanks for the affection. It's been 47 years of work. And a whole life. Radio, TV, theatre, dubbing. It's been worth it. A hug. That's all folks! \" (in English in the original). He showed his thankfulness to his fans with the words \"I've always known that the best part of my job were people\". Romero died from complications of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis on 12 May 2013 in Barcelona just two and a half weeks shy of his 66th birthday. He was laid to rest at the Cemetery of Montjuïc. Host Ya sé que tienes novio (1985) in TVE. El tiempo es oro (1987–1992) in TVE. 3x4 (1989), in TVE,", "title": "Constantino Romero" }, { "docid": "38253", "text": "Juan Moreno y Herrera-Jiménez (born 30 July 1948), better known as Jean Reno (), is a French actor. He has worked in American, French, English, Japanese, Spanish and Italian movie productions; Reno appeared in films such as Flushed Away (2006), Crimson Rivers (2000), Godzilla (1998), The Da Vinci Code (2006), Mission: Impossible (1996), The Pink Panther (2006), Ronin (1998), Les Visiteurs (1993), Wasabi (2001), The Big Blue (1988), Hector and the Search for Happiness (2014), La Femme Nikita (1990), and Léon: The Professional (1994). Early life Reno was born Juan Moreno y Herrera-Jiménez, on 30 July 1948 in Casablanca, French Morocco. His parents were Spanish, natives of Sanlúcar de Barrameda and Jerez de la Frontera in Andalusia. They had moved to North Africa to find work and escape Francoist Spain. He has a younger sister named María Teresa (\"Maite\"); the children were raised Catholic. Their father was a linotypist. Their mother died when he was a teenager. He learned Spanish from his parents, Arabic and French growing up in Morocco, and Italian from studying the language as an interest and acting in Italian films. At the age of 17, he moved to France, where he studied acting in the Cours Simon School of Drama. When he moved to France, he served in the French Army, which was mandatory after his family gained French citizenship. Career After he started to get acting jobs in France, Juan adopted the French version of his name, Jean, and shortened his surname to Reno. Due to his large frame (), Reno was called on to play \"heavies\" in his early career. He later appeared in romantic comedies and action films. He began his film career in France, appearing in many films by director Luc Besson, including his early Le Dernier Combat (1983). The two have continued to work together, collaborating in films produced, written, or directed by Besson. Of their joint work, those that have achieved the most critical and commercial success include: La Femme Nikita (1990), and the English-language films The Big Blue (1988) and Léon: The Professional (1994). Reno did the voice-over for Mufasa in the French-language version of The Lion King, a role originally performed in English by James Earl Jones. Reno has starred in such high-profile American films as French Kiss (1995) with Meg Ryan and Kevin Kline, Mission: Impossible (1996) with Tom Cruise, Ronin (1998) with Robert De Niro, and Godzilla (1998) with Matthew Broderick. Reno turned down the role of Agent Smith in The Matrix. He also acted in French productions: Les Visiteurs (1993) (which was remade in English as Just Visiting in 2001); The Crimson Rivers (2000), and Jet Lag (Décalage Horaire) by Danièle Thompson (2002), which was also a box-office success in France. In 2006, Reno had a prominent role in The Pink Panther 2006 remake and its sequel The Pink Panther 2, playing Gilbert Ponton, opposite Steve Martin as Inspector Clouseau. He portrayed Captain Bezu Fache in the Ron Howard film The Da Vinci Code. Among", "title": "Jean Reno" }, { "docid": "67804602", "text": "James Earl Jones is an American actor known for his appearances on stage and screen. Jones is known as one of the few entertainers to have won the EGOT (Emmy, Grammy, Oscar, Tony). Jones has received two Primetime Emmy Awards, a Grammy Award and three Tony Awards. While Jones has yet to win a competitive Oscar, Jones did receive the Honorary Academy Award in 2011. The award was presented to him by Sir Ben Kingsley. Jones gained worldwide recognition for his vocal performance as Darth Vader in the George Lucas space opera Star Wars films and for Mufasa in the Walt Disney animated film The Lion King (1994). Jones is known for his performances in films such as the political satire Dr. Strangelove (1964), the drama The Great White Hope (1970), the romance Claudine (1974), the drama Matewan (1987), the comedy Coming to America (1988), the sports drama Field of Dreams (1989), the spy thriller The Hunt for Red October (1990), and the drama Cry, the Beloved Country (1995). Jones received his first Oscar nomination for Best Actor in 1971 for The Great White Hope. For his work in the theatre, he received four competitive Tony Award nominations for Best Actor in a Play winning twice for his performances as Jack Jefferson in The Great White Hope in 1969 and as Troy Maxson in August Wilson's Fences in 1987. In 2017 he received a Special Tony Award at the 71st Tony Awards for his Lifetime achievement in the theatre. For his work in television he received eight Primetime Emmy Award nominations winning twice for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Limited Series or Movie for Heat Wave and for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series for Gabriel's Fire in 1991. He also has been nominated for three Grammy Awards winning in 1977 for Best Spoken Word Album for Great American Documents. In 2009, he received the Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award. Major awards Academy Awards Tony Awards Emmy Awards Grammy Awards Industry awards Golden Globe Awards Screen Actors Guild Awards Independent Spirit Award References Lists of awards received by American actor", "title": "List of awards and nominations received by James Earl Jones" } ]	[ { "docid": "42937429", "text": "\"The Madness of King Scar\" is a song written by English musician Elton John and lyricist Tim Rice, which premiered in the musical The Lion King, a stage adaptation of Disney's 1994 animated feature film of the same name. \"The Madness of King Scar\" had been added to the musical along with two other songs. It is one of two tracks that more prominently features vocals from the character Nala. The title is a reference to the 1994 film The Madness of King George. Opening the musical's second act, \"The Madness of King Scar\" primarily consists of dialogue between Scar, Nala, Zazu, and the hyenas Shenzi, Banzai, and Ed following Scar's rise to power due to his brother Mufasa's death. The lyrics revolve around Scar's paranoia, specifically his anxiety on the comparisons between himself and Mufasa, and his plan to produce an heir for his kingdom with Nala. Scholars had various interpretations of the song's lyrics and composition, who felt it used stream-of-consciousness to portray Scar as a Shakespearean character or interpreted the instrumental as a tango underscoring Scar's behaviour towards Nala. For later productions of the musical, \"The Madness of King Scar\" was made shorter in length, before it was removed completely. Despite this, the song was included on the cast album for the original production, with John Vickery portraying Scar. It was also put on the records for the Mexican and Madrid productions. \"The Madness of King Scar\" primarily earned positive reviews from music critics, who believed it added more depth to the character of Scar. However, some commentators had more mixed to negative responses; some felt uncertain about the decision to add new material not found in the film to the musical, while others disagreed with the song's explicit content. In 2014, animator Eduardo Quintana created an animated sequence for the song for the 20th anniversary of the animated film. The video received positive reviews from media outlets, who found the animation quality to be on a professional level. Background \"The Madness of King Scar\" is one of three original songs that Elton John and Tim Rice had added for the musical adaptation of Disney's 1994 animated film The Lion King. John had composed the music while Rice wrote the lyrics; the title is a reference to the 1994 film The Madness of King George. Created to further elaborate the storyline, it is one of two new tracks that feature the character Nala, along with \"Shadowland\". In the original film, she had only performed in a supporting role in the song \"Can You Feel the Love Tonight\". The song was inspired by a planned reprise of \"Be Prepared\" that was storyboarded for the original film, but was ultimately cut from the final version. Smosh's Mikey McCollor wrote that it was removed from the film for being \"so creepy\", primarily due to Scar's sexual comments toward Nala. Echoing McCollor's comments, io9's Lauren Davis described Scar's interactions with Nala as creepy, and Moviepilot's Olivia van der Will attributed the", "title": "The Madness of King Scar" }, { "docid": "65436695", "text": "Aaron Stone Pierre (born 7 June 1994) is an English actor. Early life Pierre is from South London. He is of Jamaican, Curaçaoan, and Sierra Leoneon descent. He was into athletics and sprinting as a child and developed an interest in acting as a teenager. He joined the Croydon Young People's Theatre (CRYPT) once he moved areas. He took Performing Arts at Lewisham College before going on to train in Toronto and at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art, graduating in 2016. Career Early work Pierre appeared in 2 episodes of the BBC One series The A Word and played a Roman soldier Antonius in series 1 of the Sky Atlantic series Britannia. In 2018, he began starring as Dev-Em in the Syfy series Krypton. That same year, Pierre starred as Cassio in Othello at Shakespeare's Globe. For his performance, he received an Ian Charleson Award commendation. He played the King opposite Lenny Henry in the 2019 production of King Hedley II at the Theatre Royal Stratford East. Breakthrough American director Barry Jenkins saw Pierre in Othello and sent him a message after, inviting him to audition for his new series. Pierre landed the role of Caesar in The Underground Railroad, released on Amazon Prime in May 2021. In July 2021, Pierre appeared as Mid-Sized Sedan / Brendan in M. Night Shyamalan's film Old. In August 2021, it was reported that Pierre would reteam with Barry Jenkins as a young Mufasa in a Lion King film. In October 2021, Pierre joined the cast of the upcoming films Rebel Ridge (after John Boyega stepped down for family reasons) and Foe, an adaptation of the novel of the same name by Iain Reid. In February 2022, Pierre joined the cast of the upcoming superhero film Blade, set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe and scheduled to be released on November 7, 2025, but was released from the project by March 2024 as a result of script rewrites. He won the Canadian Screen Award for Best Supporting Performance in a Film at the 11th Canadian Screen Awards in 2023, for his performance as Francis in the film Brother. Filmography Film Short film Television Stage Awards and nominations References External links Living people 1994 births 21st-century English male actors Alumni of the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art Black British male actors English male film actors English male Shakespearean actors English male stage actors English male television actors English male voice actors English people of Jamaican descent English people of Sierra Leonean descent Actors from the London Borough of Bexley Best Supporting Performance in a Film Canadian Screen Award winners Actors from the London Borough of Lambeth Male actors from London People from Brixton", "title": "Aaron Pierre (actor)" }, { "docid": "580855", "text": "Circle of Life: An Environmental Fable was a 70 mm documentary, shown in the Harvest Theater in The Land pavilion at Epcot in Walt Disney World, Orlando, Florida. It opened on January 21, 1995, replacing Symbiosis. The main narrator of the story was Simba. Plot In the film, Timon and Pumbaa are chopping down trees and clogging up rivers to build the Hakuna Matata Lakeside Village. Simba comes to them and explains how their actions are harmful to nature. This lesson was explained with live-action footage, some left over from Symbiosis (with clips of people such as Native Americans, Native Hawaiians and Masai, clips of New York City and other locations such as the Amazon Rainforest, Serengeti, Andes, Las Vegas, Geno's Steaks in Philadelphia, and images of animals such as monkeys, bald eagles, snakes, elephants and wildebeest). The film opens with Mufasa's voice explaining that everyone is connected in the great circle of life. A montage of animals and a few clips from Symbiosis open to the song, Circle of Life. The focus of the main story is on Simba. He decided to show Timon and Pumbaa how another creature (man) is similarly forgetting how everyone is connected. He explained to them that, at first, they were small in numbers, so they only took what they needed to survive, which at that time wasn't much. However, as the human population grew, necessities for living space, power, and food increased. Timon and Pumbaa are initially excited by man's developments, but Simba shows them the price that comes with the human necessities. He explains that humans have caused harm to the environment with their excessive consumption through activity such as deforestation, endangerment of species and pollution. He says that once humans realized what they were destroying, they began to repair the damage through recycling, alternative energy and conservation programs. He explains that humans helped other creatures in nature by studying them to learn their needs. Timon and Pumbaa decide to help the humans give back to nature, but Simba shows them that they already can at home. Timon and Pumbaa unclog the rivers, thus giving the water back to the other creatures on the Savannah. Simba ends the story with his mighty roar and the film closes with a shorter montage set to the end of the title song. Production Walt Disney World News Today (WDWNT) explained that the \"incredibly boring Symbiosis film would be replaced in 1995 with Circle of Life: An Environmental Fable\". Some scenes were recycled from Symbiosis into the new film. Animated sequences and a character-driven narrative made up the film, which was inspired by Lion King. The article added that the \"1990s were a decade in which conservation became a hot-button topic, and Circle of Life was there to keep Epcot's finger on the pulse, so much so that the film holds up quite well and covers environmental issues still facing us 17 years later\". In addition to the live-action footage, the film featured about two-and-a-half minutes", "title": "Circle of Life: An Environmental Fable" }, { "docid": "723624", "text": "Jadis is a fictional character and the main antagonist of The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (1950) and The Magician's Nephew (1955) in C. S. Lewis's series, The Chronicles of Narnia. She is commonly referred to as the White Witch in The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, as she is the Witch who froze Narnia in the Hundred Years Winter. Some recent editions of the books include brief notes, added by later editors, that describe the cast of characters. As Lewis scholar Peter Schakel points out, the notes' description of Jadis and the Queen of Underland (the main antagonist of The Silver Chair) \"states incorrectly that the Queen of Underland is an embodiment of Jadis\". Beyond characterising the two as \"Northern Witches\", Lewis's text does not connect them. Character history Jadis was born on an unknown date long before the creation of Narnia. In The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe she is identified by a character as a descendant of giants and Adam's first wife (Lilith): Jadis died in battle in Narnian year 1000, meaning that she lived for well over 1,000 years. The Magician's Nephew In The Magician's Nephew, Jadis is introduced as the last Queen of Charn, a city in an entirely different world from Narnia. She was the last of a long line of kings and queens, who were good in the beginning but grew evil over many generations and conquered the entire world of Charn, ruling it as despots. Jadis, a powerful sorceress, fought a bloody war of rebellion against her sister. On the point of defeat, Jadis chose not to submit, but instead spoke the Deplorable Word, a powerful spell which destroyed all life on Charn except her own. She then cast a spell of enchanted sleep upon herself to await someone who could rescue her from Charn. Many years later, a 12-year-old Digory Kirke and his friend Polly Plummer arrive in the ruins of Charn through Digory's uncle's magic. The children find the bell that Jadis left to break the spell. Despite Polly's warning not to ring the bell, Digory does so. Jadis is awakened and by holding on to them is transported with them back to London in the year 1900. She initially aims to conquer the world to which she is transported, but finds that her magic does not work there. Digory, seeking to correct his mistake, attempts to transport her back to Charn, but they end up instead in the world of Narnia at the moment of its creation by the lion Aslan. As Aslan approaches, she attacks him with the rod of iron she has torn from a London lamp post with her great physical strength; when this has no effect, she flees. Jadis makes her way to the garden on a mountain west of Narnia, where she eats an apple that she believes will make her immortal and give her eternal life. However, this supposed immortality comes at a cost: her skin is bleached white, and", "title": "White Witch" }, { "docid": "481689", "text": "Perrette Pradier (born Perrette Marie Mathilde Chevau; 17 April 1938 – 16 January 2013) was a French actress and dubbing director. She is best known for her work as a voice actress which earned her the nickname of \"Queen\" or \"High Priestess\" of dubbing. Biography Pradier was born in Hanoi, French Indochina. Two years after making her film début, in 1961, she was awarded the Prix Suzanne Bianchetti as most promising new actress in France for her performance as \"Amenita\" in the Sacha Guitry film, \"Stop Thief.\" That year she gained further recognition for her role as \"Constance Bonacieux\" in two films based on the Three Musketeers. Throughout the 1960s, she appeared in a number of films in her native France, then was contracted for Hollywood productions that included the Fred Zinnemann film Behold a Pale Horse (1964) starring luminaries Gregory Peck, Anthony Quinn, and Omar Sharif. She returned to English-language filming in the Universal Studios thriller, House of Cards (1968) with Orson Welles and George Peppard. In her long career, Perrette Pradier has also worked in live theatre, appearing in plays such as La Bonne Addresse as well as the longest running French play ever produced, Boeing Boeing. In 1994, she was the voice of \"Sarafina\" in the French version of the Walt Disney Studios animated feature film, The Lion King. Death Pradier died of a heart attack on 16 January 2013, aged 74, in Rueil-Malmaison, France, a month after being operated for an aneurysm. Filmography Le Roi Lion (The Lion King) (1994) (voice) Le Big Bang (1987) (voice)Fiével et le nouveau monde (An American tail) (1986)Les Dalton en cavale (1983) (voice)Comme une femme (1980)Le Comédien (1976) (TV)Le Temps de vivre, le temps d'aimer (1973) TV MiniseriesCéleste (1970)House of Cards (1968)Au théâtre ce soir: Boléro (1968) (TV)Le Judoka, agent secret (Judoka-Secret Agent) (1966)L' Homme d'Istamboul (That Man in Istanbul) (1965)Furia à Bahia pour OSS 117 (OSS 117: Mission for a Killer) (1965)L' Amour à la chaine (Tight Skirts, Loose Pleasures) (1964)Behold a Pale Horse (1964)Des frissons partout (Jeff Gordon, Secret Agent) (1963)Blague dans le coin (1963)Les Saintes nitouches (Wild Living) (1962)Le Crime ne paie pas (Crime Does Not Pay) (1962)The Burning Court (La chambre ardente) (1962)Les Sept péchés capitaux (The Seven Deadly Sins) (1962)Les Amours de Paris (Paris Loves) (1961)Le Jeu de la vérité (The Game of Truth) (1961)The Three Musketeers (1961) The Nabob Affair (1960)La Brune que voilà (There Is the Brunette) (1960)Les Scélérats (The Wretches) (1959) ReferencesAdapted from the article Pérette Pradier, from Wikinfo, licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.'' External links 1938 births 2013 deaths French film actresses French stage actresses French voice actresses French voice directors People from Hanoi 20th-century French actresses 21st-century French actresses", "title": "Perrette Pradier" }, { "docid": "7979986", "text": "The Lion King: Friends In Need is a children's book based on Disney's The Lion King. The book tells how Zazu came to be Mufasa's advisor. Canonically, it conflicts with How True, Zazu? from The Lion King: Six New Adventures. Plot Zazu is about to be cooked and eaten by the three hyenas (Shenzi, Banzai and Ed) when a young Mufasa arrives, frightens off the hyenas and saves him. Zazu is thankful and hopes that he can be of service to the Lion King someday. Mufasa is doubtful of this. Zazu follows Mufasa around and watches over him. Mufasa tires of this quickly as Zazu disturbs his hunts and his private time with Sarabi. One day, Zazu notices some vultures hovering. Zazu then asks Mufasa if he wants him to fly over and see what's happening, but Mufasa is not concerned and lies down for a nap. Zazu flies over to where the vultures are anyway and sees that Sarabi has fallen into a pit and can't get out. Zazu flies back to tell Mufasa who leaps up and runs to the gorge, but once he arrives he can't find a way to rescue Sarabi. Zazu finds a tree trunk that Mufasa drags over to the pit, allowing Sarabi to climb out. Mufasa realizes that the hornbill is useful after all and appoints him as royal advisor. References Disney books The Lion King (franchise) Children's books about lions Children's books about birds Hyenas in popular culture Children's books about friendship", "title": "The Lion King: Friends in Need" }, { "docid": "1067239", "text": "Penny Johnson Jerald (born March 14, 1961) is an American actress. She played Beverly Barnes on the HBO comedy series The Larry Sanders Show, Kasidy Yates on the syndicated science fiction series Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, Sherry Palmer on the Fox series 24, Captain Victoria \"Iron\" Gates on the ABC comedy-drama series Castle, and Dr. Claire Finn on the Fox/Hulu science-fiction series The Orville, and the voice of Sarafina in The Lion King and its upcoming Mufasa: The Lion King. Early life Johnson was born in Baltimore, Maryland, one of seven siblings. She aspired to be an actress as a child. She first attended Western High School before transferring to Park School of Baltimore. Johnson trained at the Juilliard School, where her classmates in 1982 included Megan Gallagher, Jack Kenny, Jack Stehlin, and Lorraine Toussaint. Career Jerald began her career with small guest roles. She made her screen debut on an episode of American Playhouse in 1983. Her first major role on television was Vivian Conway in The Paper Chase from 1984 to 1986. She appeared in General Hospital in 1986 and Do the Right Thing in 1989. She portrayed Virginia \"Vicki\" Harper on short-lived sitcom Homeroom in 1989. In 1992, Jerald landed the role of unflappable personal assistant, Beverly Barnes, on The Larry Sanders Show. For her work on Larry Sanders, Jerald received a CableACE Award nomination for Best Actress in a Comedy Series in 1996. Two years later, she earned an NAACP Image Award nomination in the category of Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series. She continued playing Beverly until the show ended in 1998. Throughout the 1990s, Jerald guest starred in several television series, including Parker Lewis Can't Lose, Star Trek: The Next Generation, Grace Under Fire, Cosby and Family Law. She appeared as Lavinia in television film Class of '61 and portrayed Lorraine in What's Love Got to Do with It (1993). Following Larry Sanders, Jerald appeared in Star Trek: Deep Space Nine playing freighter captain Kasidy Yates, the love interest for the series's main character Benjamin Sisko, a recurring role which she played from 1995 to the show's end in 1999. In 1997 she played Laura Simon in the film Absolute Power. She also had a recurring guest role on ER as Lynette Evans from 1998 to 1999. She then appeared as Roscoe Dellums in the Emmy Award–winning TV movie The Color of Friendship. Jerald also guest starred on Frasier, The Practice, Touched by an Angel and The X-Files. Jerald's most-recognized role came in 2001 when she appeared in the Kiefer Sutherland-led Fox series, 24, playing Sherry Palmer, the wife of Senator David Palmer. Jerald believed it was the first role to test her acting ability, claiming the majority of her previous characters were \"easy-going.\" She appeared in all but two of the first season episodes and multiple episodes of the second and third seasons. She received a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series", "title": "Penny Johnson Jerald" }, { "docid": "747434", "text": "Edmund Pevensie is a fictional character in C. S. Lewis's The Chronicles of Narnia series. He is a principal character in three of the seven books (The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, Prince Caspian, and The Voyage of the Dawn Treader), and a lesser character in two others (The Horse and His Boy and The Last Battle). In The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, Edmund betrays his siblings to the White Witch while under her influence, but as the story goes on, he accepts the error of his ways. He is redeemed with the intervention of Aslan and joins the fight against the witch. Fulfilling an ancient prophecy, he becomes King Edmund the Just, King of Narnia, and with sisters Susan and Lucy, co-ruler under High King Peter. Biography Characteristics Edmund is a spiteful and mean-spirited boy at the beginning of The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe. By the end of the book, and throughout the rest of the series, Edmund is seen to be loyal, courageous, logical, and mature. In his adult life, as a king of Narnia, it is revealed that he handles many of Narnia's negotiations and transactions, as seen in The Horse and His Boy when Shasta runs into Edmund in Tashbaan the capital city of Calormen, where he has accompanied Susan to discuss a marriage proposal from Prince Rabadash. Edmund becomes protective particularly of Lucy, and acts as a voice of reason to Peter, who is more apt to become carried away. On his return to Narnia in Prince Caspian, he makes friendships with both Prince Caspian and Reepicheep, which develop further in the Voyage of the Dawn Treader. Edmund acts as confidante and confessor to his cousin Eustace in the novel The Voyage of the Dawn Treader. Aslan proclaims him King Edmund the Just, but in the letter sent to Miraz in the novel Prince Caspian he styles himself \"Duke of Lantern Waste and Count of the Western March, Knight of the Noble Order of the Table\". The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe In The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, Edmund is one of the main characters, and the character who develops the most over the course of story. It is implied in the book that Edmund started life as a likeable person, but then changed for the worse and became spiteful after starting at a new school. Edmund makes unjust and hurtful comments to Lucy when she first finds the entrance to Narnia through the wardrobe, and is the second of the Pevensie children to go to Narnia, after following Lucy to mock her during a game of hide and seek. He walks some distance into the forest, convinced that he will find Lucy, but instead he meets the White Witch (who introduces herself as the Queen of Narnia) and eats some enchanted Turkish delight. As a result, he promises the Witch that he will bring his siblings to her castle, not knowing that she intends to kill", "title": "Edmund Pevensie" }, { "docid": "26932357", "text": "Åsleik Audgar Engmark (27 December 1965 – 12 February 2017) was a Norwegian comedian, actor, singer, director and stage writer, best known for his work as one of the co-founders of the Norwegian cabaret group Lompelandslaget, and as Timon in the Norwegian version of The Lion King. Career Engmark was one of the co-founders of the Norwegian cabaret group Lompelandslaget in 1987. The following year, at the age of 22, he made his solo debut at Det Norske Teatret (The Norwegian Theatre) in Oslo, in the Norwegian original cast of Les Misérables, the third Cameron Mackintosh Les Mis production in the world. He stayed in the ensemble of Det Norske Teatret until 1999. In Norway he became known during the 1990s through Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK), especially on the weekly satire Egentlig, an equivalent to Saturday Night Live. He was also well known for his many dubbing film voices, such as Timon in the Norwegian version of The Lion King. In 2009 Engmark made his debut as a film director, with the children's movie Knerten (Twigson English version) (Mein Freund Knerten German version). The movie became a box office hit and was seen by more than 375,000 viewers in Norway. Among many festivals, it participated in the official Generation K Plus section of the Berlinale 2010. Knerten was awarded Best Children's movie, Best Art Design and Best Visual Effects at the Norwegian Film Awards 2010 Amandaprisen. In 2010, he won the Norwegian version of Strictly Come Dancing, called Skal vi danse. Engmark directed, performed and wrote in many different artistic directions. He performed comedy in both Norwegian and English, and won the Norwegian Stå Opp-Prisen (Stand Up Award) in 2001. Personal life and death Engmark lived in Oslo his entire life. In 1997, he married Helle Engmark, his partner of several years. They divorced in 2012. On 12 February 2017, while in Brussels visiting family, Engmark died suddenly due to an undisclosed medical emergency. He was 51 years old. Selected film and television actor appearances 2013 Monsters University voice of Mike Wazowski, Disney / Pixar 2011 Knerten i knipe (Twigson in Trouble) voice of Knerten. Film, Paradox Spillefilm A/S 2010 Skal vi danse participant and winner. Norwegian version of Strictly come dancing / TV2 Norway 2010 Knerten gifter seg (Twigson Ties the Knot) voice of Knerten. Film, Paradox Spillefilm A/S 2009 Forsvarskonserten host. Television concert, The Norwegian Army / TV2 Norway 2009 Knerten (Twigson / Knorzel) voice of Knerten. Film, Paradox Spillefilm A/S 2009 Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs voice of Buck, Blue Sky Studios / 20th Century Fox 2006 Curious George voice of Ted, Universal Pictures / Imagine Entertainment 2006 Open Season voice of Elliot, Sony Pictures / Colombia 2005 Mulan II voice of Mushu, Disney 2005 Brødrene Dal og mysteriet med Karl XIIs gamasjer as Karl XII. Television drama series, NRK 2004–2005 Løvebakken. Television satire, NRK 2003 Komplottet host. Candid camera, TV3 Norway 2001 Monsters, Inc. voice of Mike Wazowski, Disney / Pixar 2000 Bokken Lasson, sensibel", "title": "Åsleik Engmark" }, { "docid": "27422801", "text": "Rodney Saulsberry is an American voice-over performer, actor, vocalist, announcer and author, known for his voice work on commercials (Twix, Zatarain's), his three books You Can Bank on Your Voice, Step Up to the Mic, Rodney Saulsberry's Tongue Twisters and Vocal Warm-Ups, the host of the popular podcast Success Talks With Rodney Saulsberry and the voice of Robbie Robertson in the 1994 animated TV series Spider-Man. Saulsberry's first R&B album Rodney Saulsberry produced two Billboard-charting singles, \"I Wonder\" and \"Look Whatcha Done Now\". Film and television soundtrack vocal performances 2011 Paranormal Activity 3 \"Who Do You Love\" (Writer, performer) 2010 The Bold and the Beautiful \"Miracles\" (Writer, Performer) 2010 The Bold and the Beautiful \"I Like It Girl\" (Writer, performer) 2010 The Bold and the Beautiful \"I Gotta Lot of Friends\" (Writer, performer) 2010 The Bold and the Beautiful \"Love In Your Heart\" (Writer, performer) 2010 Just Another Day \"Better Than Before\" (Writer, performer) 2009 Adventureland \"I Need to Know\" (Writer, performer) 1999 Michael Jordan: An American Hero \"I’m So Glad You’re Mine\" (Writer, performer) 1998 Prince of Egypt \"Playing with the Big Boys\" (Background vocals) 1997 Sprung \"We Are Love\" (Writer, performer) 1994 The Lion King \"Hakuna Matata\" (Background vocals) 1994 The Lion King \"Circle of Life\" (Background vocals) 1994 I'll Do Anything \"I’ll Do Anything\" (Background vocals) 1992 Night and the City \"Love Doesn’t Matter\" (Performer) 1988 Midnight Crossing \"Alone\" (Writer, performer) Films, TV and audio As an actor, his films include The Philadelphia Experiment (1984), Tango & Cash (1989), and the animated feature The Invincible Iron Man (2007). His voice work includes audiobooks and numerous film trailers (How Stella Got Her Groove Back, Finding Forrester, Crooklyn). He narrated the documentary Ax Handle Saturday: 50 Years Later (2010), Michael Jackson: Life of a Superstar (2009), Andy Bobrow's mockumentary The Old Negro Space Program (2004), a satire on Ken Burns' Baseball (1994), and the Marvin Gaye E! True Hollywood Story (1998). Currently, Rodney is the radio announcer voice for the New Orleans Pelicans Basketball Team 2012 Season. Upscale Magazine regarded Saulsberry as \"a voice to be reckoned with\", while Black Enterprise magazine labeled him \"the voice of choice for behind-the-scenes-narration.\" On television, he has been seen in various guest-star roles, including the recurring role of Anthony Walker on The Bold and the Beautiful (1987) Law & Order: LA (2010) Taxi (1978), MAS*H (1972), Gimme a Break! (1981), 227 (1985), The A-Team (1986), Hill Street Blues (1981), Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman (1993), Without a Trace (2002) and Monk (2002). He was a series regular in the role of Jeff Johnson on Capitol (1982). Saulsberry, who has composed original music for several productions, created the film, television and commercial music placement website, Tomdor Music, in the fall of 2011. Animation The Little Engine That Could – Freight Train Aaahh!!! Real Monsters – Ufwapo The Animatrix: Matriculated – Chyron Avatar: The Last Airbender – Additional voices Duckman – Additional voices The Invincible Iron Man – James \"Rhodey\" Rhodes Minoriteam – Fasto Skeleton", "title": "Rodney Saulsberry" }, { "docid": "52335098", "text": "Jan Torbjörn Rippe (born 26 April 1955) is a Swedish actor, singer, and comedian. He is known as a member of the comedic groups Galenskaparna and After Shave. He also had a role in the comedy series Macken. Early life Rippe was born in Lyrestad. During his youth, he was an active competitive swimmer and participated in several district and Swedish national championships. He studied at Chalmers and was a member of the Elektroteknologsektionens tidningsförening. Career In Gothenburg he met and befriended the other members of the group After Shave and participated in Galenskaparna och After Shave's revue Skruven är lös. He became widely known to Swedish audiences from his role as Roger in the 1986 television comedy series Macken which was broadcast on SVT. He also voiced the part of Pumbaa in the Swedish language version of the Disney film The Lion King. He did not reprise his role in the sequels and spin-offs in the 90's, due to Peter Rangmar's death of melanoma in May 1997. Rangmar was Timon's Swedish voice and he and Rippe had a close friendship. Rippe reprised the role in The Lion King 1½. Timon were now voiced by Per Fritzell. Rippe often plays characters that are confused, slow people that make everything the wrong way and have low self-confidence as a result of this. Amongst Rippe's roles are Kennet Aalborg in the TV-series En himla många program, the producer Viggo Florin in the film Monopol, and Ernst Ivarsson in Stinsen Brinner. One of the characters that he often plays is that of Goja, an individual that tells rambling stories without an ending or point. Jan Rippe participated in SVTs television broadcasts of the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin as a tittarombudsman. In October 2016, a theater version of Macken was made at the Lorensbergsteatern, with Rippe playing his original role. Personal life In 2009, Rippe suffered a heart attack. Filmography 1986 – Macken (TV-series) 1986 – The Castle Tour 1987 – Leif 1989 – En himla många program 1989 – Hajen som visste för mycket 1990 – Macken – Roy's & Roger's Bilservice 1991 – Stinsen brinner... filmen alltså 1991 – Luigis Paradis 1993 – Tornado 1994 – The Lion King (Voice of Pumbaa) 1996 – Monopol 1998 – Åke från Åstol 2000 – Gladpack 2004 – The Lion King 3 – Hakuna Matata (Voice of Pumbaa) 2005 – En decemberdröm 2006 – Den enskilde medborgaren References External links Living people 1955 births Swedish male comedians People from Mariestad Municipality Actors from Västra Götaland County Musicians from Västra Götaland County Chalmers University of Technology alumni Galenskaparna och After Shave members 20th-century Swedish comedians 21st-century Swedish comedians", "title": "Jan Rippe" }, { "docid": "22506854", "text": "Benoît Allemane (born 28 December 1942) is a French actor who specializes in dubbing. He is the official French dub-over voice of Morgan Freeman. According to IMDb, he also provided the voice of King Harkinian in Link: The Faces of Evil. Roles Filmography 1980 : Julien Fontanes, magistrat (1 Episode) Television animation Argai: The Prophecy (Pacha) Chris Colorado (Jack Mitchell) Fullmetal Alchemist (Alex Louis Armstrong) Gadget and the Gadgetinis (Doctor Claw) Gargoyles (Goliath) TaleSpin (Baloo) Castle in the Sky (General) An American Tail: The Treasure of Manhattan Island (Mr. Grasping) OVA The Land Before Time series (Grandpa) Theatrical animation Hercules (Zeus) We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story (Rex) Video games Alan Wake (Pat Maine) local radio night host on Bright Falls KBF-FM Radio (French) Blood Omen 2 (Kain) Diablo II (Qual Kehk) Fable II (Abbot) Guild Wars Nightfall (General Morgahn) Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (Rubeus Hagrid) Halo 2 (Tartarus) Kingdom Hearts II (Yen Sid) Legacy of Kain: Defiance (Kain) Legacy of Kain: Soul Reaver (Kain, The Elder God) The Legend of Spyro: A New Beginning (Terrador) The Legend of Spyro: The Eternal Night (Terrador) The Legend of Spyro: Dawn of the Dragon (Terrador) Link: The Faces of Evil (King Harkinian) The Lion King: Simba's Mighty Adventure (Mufasa) Looney Tunes Racing (Foghorn Leghorn) Looney Tunes: Space Race (Foghorn Leghorn) Mass Effect (Sovereign) MediEvil: Resurrection (Narrator, Death) Le Pic Rouge: L'auberge de l'alpiniste mort Sherlock Holmes: The Awakened (Sherlock Holmes) Sherlock Holmes: Secret of the Silver Earring (Sherlock Holmes) Sherlock Holmes versus Arsène Lupin (Sherlock Holmes) Skylanders: Spyro's Adventure (Stump Smash) Skylanders: Giants (Stump Smash and Tree Rex) Soul Reaver 2 (Kain, The Elder God) The Simpsons Game (Space museum commentator) Titan Quest (Jade Emperor) The Witcher (Vesemir) Zelda: The Wand of Gamelon (King Harkinian) Sonic the Hedgehog (series) (Zavok) Live action The Frighteners (Sheriff Walt Perry) The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen (Captain Nemo) Looney Tunes: Back in Action (Foghorn Leghorn) The Meteor Man (Earnest Moses) Morgan Freeman The Naked Gun: From the Files of Police Squad! (Captain Ed Hocken) The Naked Gun 2½: The Smell of Fear (Captain Ed Hocken) Naked Gun : The Final Insult (Captain Ed Hocken) Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones (Lama Su Kaminoan) Commercials Frosted Flakes (Tony the Tiger) References External links Official site 1942 births Living people French male film actors French male television actors French male video game actors French male voice actors", "title": "Benoît Allemane" }, { "docid": "6584875", "text": "Lambert the Sheepish Lion is a Disney animated short film that was released in 1952. It was directed by Jack Hannah. Plot A stork (the same stork from Dumbo) delivers a flock of newborn lambs to their expectant mothers, but finds that he had mistakenly brought along a lion named Lambert (apparently misinterpreting its name), which was supposed to go to South Africa; one of the mother sheep, who was heartbroken at not receiving a lamb, forcefully demands the stork leave Lambert with her. Lambert lives his life thinking he is a sheep, but is ostracized by his peers for being and acting different; he is also defenseless against the other lambs' head-butts. One night, a hungry wolf (the same wolf from the \"Peter and the Wolf\" segment from Make Mine Music), attacks the flock. At first timid like the other sheep, Lambert's lion instincts kick in when the wolf corners Lambert's mother; with an aggressive roar, Lambert butts the wolf off a ledge. Thereafter, the now-adult Lambert is wholeheartedly accepted by the other sheep as one of the flock and the narrator tells us to not worry about that wolf, which hangs precariously from a bush—the berries on the bush will sustain him. Cast The voice of the narrator and the stork was provided by actor and Disney legend Sterling Holloway. Holloway was also the voice for the stork in Dumbo, in which the character plays a very similar role in the plot. Uncredited roles include June Foray, who made the sounds of the sheep, Lambert's sheep mother and Lambert's purrs and growls, and Stan Freberg, who voiced Lambert's only spoken line, \"Mama!\" Reception In 1952, the film was nominated for an Academy Award in the category Best Short Subject, Cartoons but lost to The Two Mouseketeers, a Tom and Jerry cartoon which shared one of 7 Oscars for the Tom and Jerry series. A picture book adaptation for children was also released in the 1970s as part of the \"Disney's Wonderful World of Reading\" series. It has been claimed the original print of the film was given as a gift to Emperor Hirohito of Japan because it was his favorite Disney cartoon, but there is no source to this claim. Other releases The short aired as a prelude to Disney's The Lion King when originally released on the big screen in some countries. In the late 1980s it was seen on NBC television as a prelude to the network's prime-time airing of Dumbo, likely because of the presence of the stork character in both films. Home media The short was released on December 6, 2005, on Walt Disney Treasures: Disney Rarities - Celebrated Shorts: 1920s–1960s. Additional releases include: Limited Gold Edition: Disney's Best - The Fabulous 50's, 1984 Walt Disney Mini Classics video release of Willie the Operatic Whale, 1991 25th anniversary DVD release of The Fox and the Hound, 2006 Gold Classic Collection DVD release of Melody Time, 2000 References External links 1952 short films 1952 animated", "title": "Lambert the Sheepish Lion" }, { "docid": "42937503", "text": "\"Endless Night\" is a song written by Lebo M, Hans Zimmer, Julie Taymor, and Jay Rifkin. It premiered in 1997 as part of the musical The Lion King, a stage adaptation of Disney's 1994 animated feature film of the same name. Mark Mancina produced the song and arranged by Mark A. Brymer. Taymor wrote the lyrics based on the melody from \"Lala\", a song from the 1995 soundtrack album Rhythm of the Pride Lands. Jason Raize, who first performed the role of Simba for the Broadway production, first performed and recorded \"Endless Night\"; his version is included on the original cast recording. \"Endless Night\" is a ballad that lyrically deals with Simba grieving the death of his father Mufasa. The song includes vocals by a choir that encourages Simba to move forward. Reception to the song was mainly positive. Some commentators praised how it helped to develop Simba's character. \"Endless Night\" has been performed in different instances outside the show; Nick Afoa released a version in support of the United Kingdom charity Centrepoint, and Adam Jacobs sang it as part of a mashup with \"Proud of Your Boy\" at a Theatre Development Fund event. It sounds similar to Anthem from chess. Recording and release \"Endless Night\" was composed by South African composer Lebo M, German composer Hans Zimmer, and American musician Jay Rifkin, and arranged by Mark A. Brymer. American theatre director Julie Taymor composed the lyrics, and had developed \"Endless Night\" as Simba's signature song for the musical. It was one of ten new songs composed for the musical production of the 1994 Disney animated film The Lion King. The melody was based on \"Lala\" from the 1995 soundtrack album Rhythm of the Pride Lands. Written in Zulu, \"Lala\" deals with the loss of a family member. Reflecting on the writing process, Taymor said compositions were selected from Rhythm of the Pride Lands for their mood not their lyrics. \"Endless Night\" was first performed and recorded by American actor and singer Jason Raize, who first played the role of Simba for the Broadway show. The original cast recording includes Raize's version of the song, and the accompanying vocalists are called \"The Lion King Ensemble\". \"Endless Night\", and the rest of the soundtrack, were recorded at Sony Music Studios in New York City; the music was mixed at The Village in Los Angeles and mastered at Oceanview Digital Mastering in Manhattan Beach, California. American composer Mark Mancina produced the song. The Walt Disney Company released the soundtrack on November 14, 1997, in both cassette and CD formats. It was made available as a digital download in 2006. The Hal Leonard Corporation published and distributed the track. Context and composition \"Endless Night\" is a ballad composed in D major; its instrumentation is provided by piano, synthesizer, guitar, and drums. With a vocal range spanning from the low note of D4 to the high note of A5, the song is performed either by a tenor or a baritone, with a choir prominently", "title": "Endless Night (The Lion King song)" }, { "docid": "10039688", "text": "Mark Champion (born August 8, 1950) is an American radio sportscaster who is the current primary radio play-by-play voice of the Detroit Pistons, a position he has served in since 2001. When the Pistons are on national television, however, George Blaha (usually the TV play-by-play man for Bally Sports Detroit) takes his place. Born in Muncie, Indiana and educated at Ball State University, Champion served as a local sports reporter on Tampa-area radio and television stations in the 1970s. In 1979, he became the radio play-by-play announcer for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. After a decade-long stint at Tampa Bay, Champion moved to the Detroit area in 1989, calling games for the Detroit Lions (1989–2004), Detroit Pistons (2001–present), Detroit Fury (2001–2004), and Michigan State Spartans men's basketball. In 2004, Champion was the recipient of the prestigious Ty Tyson Award for Excellence in Sports Broadcasting, awarded by the Detroit Sports Broadcasters Association. In 2005, Champion was replaced on the Lions radio broadcasts with Dan Miller, who was sports director of Fox 2 Detroit television and, more significantly, a friend of Matt Millen, the Lions' general manager at that time. This drew accusations from Detroit media critics that the Lions had installed a \"company man\" to replace Champion for possibly saying \"Holy Mackerel\" too frequently and for criticizing the Lions' performance too bluntly (Link NSFW). Champion (or rather, his voice) is perhaps best recognized for the post-Super Bowl television commercials he does for Walt Disney World each year. The ads, which have aired since 1987, feature an offscreen Champion telling the game's MVP, \"_ , you've just won the Super Bowl. What are you going to do next?\" To which the player invariably replies, \"I'm going to Disney World!\". Mark Champion in 2010 entered his 17th season as radio play-by-play voice of the Detroit Pistons. He has also worked with Westwood One as a national radio voice for NFL games and NCAA men's basketball tournament games. Champion was an anchor for CBS Radio coverage of the 1992, 1994, and 1998 Winter Olympics, and has been an announcer for the Masters, Ryder Cup, and PGA Championship. Champion was the voice of the Tampa Bay Buccaneers for ten seasons and for sixteen years lead voice of the Detroit Lions. He called every run ever made by Hall Of Fame running back Barry Sanders. Champion was sports director at WWJ in Detroit and was part of the Bill Bonds Show on WXYT. He has been honored by the National Sportscasters Association and is a recipient of the Ty Tyson Award handed out by the Detroit Sports Broadcasters Association. Champion currently resides in Michigan. He has three children, Nicole, Carly and Evan Champion and two stepchildren and two grandchildren. Catchphrases When announcing Lions football, Champion's signature catchphrases were \"It's off to the races!\" (used when Barry Sanders made a long run), \"How about that?!\" (whenever the Lions made a big play), \"Holy mackerel!\" (which could be uttered in jubilation or dismay, depending on the circumstances), and \"Man,", "title": "Mark Champion" }, { "docid": "10301067", "text": "Nathaniel Stampley is an American actor. He has performed in the West End, on Broadway, on tours, and regionally. Roles On Broadway, he was a replacement for Old Deuteronomy in the revival of Cats, he played Mister in the revival of The Color Purple, Mufasa in The Lion King, and was in the opening night cast of original production of The Color Purple as Buster, Chief, an ensemble member, and an understudy for Harpo. He also played Mufasa in The Lion King in the West End and on the national tour. He was in the national tour of Ragtime. Regionally, he was The Baron in the world premiere of the musical LEMPICKA at the Williamstown Theatre Festival, he played Leo in Big Love at Signature Theatre in NYC, has been Henry in First Noel at Classical Theatre of Harlem, Lucas in Abyssinia at the North Shore Music Theatre, Warrior and the Russian Admiral in Pacific Overtures at the Chicago Shakespeare Theater, in Strike up the Band and One Touch of Venus in the Auditorium Theatre’s Ovations! series, in Show Boat at the Sacramento Music Circus, and in Violet, Once on This Island and Big River at the Apple Tree Theatre. He received a Joseph Jefferson Award for his portrayal of Don Quixote in Man of La Mancha in Chicago, a Joseph Jefferson Award nomination for the role of Robert Kincaid in The Bridges of Madison County, a nomination for the role of Coalhouse Walker Jr in Ragtime at the Marriott Theatre and a nomination in Big River at the Apple Tree Theatre. He was an understudy for the roles of Crown and the title role in the Tony Award-winning 2012 revival of The Gershwins' Porgy and Bess. He played Porgy on the 2013 national tour of the revival. He played Hatuey in the U.S. premiere of the Music Theatre Group's production of Hatuey: Memory of Fire in September 2018. Personal life Stampley is married to Lanette Costas, who he met in the national tour of The Lion King. Awards In 2016, he received a Jeff Award in the category Actor in a Principal Role – Musical for Man of La Mancha at the Marriott Theatre. References play bill ny times African-American male actors American male musical theatre actors Living people Year of birth missing (living people) 21st-century African-American male singers 21st-century American male singers", "title": "Nathaniel Stampley" }, { "docid": "14663793", "text": "\"We Are One\" is a song in Disney's 1998 direct-to-video film, The Lion King II: Simba's Pride. Production The song was written and composed by Marty Panzer, Thomas Snow, and Jack Feldman. It is sung by both Simba (Cam Clarke) and Kiara (Charity Sanoy), and was later performed by the four time Grammy Award winner Angelique Kidjo on the album Return to Pride Rock; this version is half English and half Fon. Context Within the context of the film, the song is used to represent and explain the way The Circle of Life works so that Kiara and kids would understand. It starts by explaining how life is hard to understand and ends by explaining how life works. This song also resembles the part of the first film when Mufasa tells Simba about the \"Great Kings of the Past\". Later in the film, when Kiara and Kovu's love are causing rifts between the two prides, Kiara tells her father: \"A wise king once told me \"We are one\". I didn't understand him then...now I do ... Them? Us! Look at them they are us! What differences do you see?\". This teaches children the film's underlying message that \"love and acceptance know no boundaries\", rendering We Are One to be the film's main musical motif that carries the piece. Reception The New York Times writer Caryn James thought the \"subtle and graceful\" tune was \"attuned to the film's hopeful theme of regeneration\". Despite believing that The Lion King 2 not having the same \"impact\" or \"pizazz\" of its predecessor, Black Family Today thought Kidjo's version of this song was strong enough to last beyond the context of the film it was written for. Drum: A Magazine of Africa for Africa felt Kidgo's rendition is \"the song to watch\" form the film's soundtrack. The song was nominated for an Annie Award for Outstanding Individual Achievement for Music in an Animated Feature Production along with \"My Lullaby\". References External links \"We Are One\" lyrics (film version) \"We Are One\" by Angelique Kidjo music video Songs from The Lion King (franchise) 1998 songs Male–female vocal duets Songs written by Tom Snow Songs with lyrics by Jack Feldman (songwriter) Songs with lyrics by Marty Panzer", "title": "We Are One (Disney song)" }, { "docid": "6096264", "text": "Linus the Lionhearted is an American Saturday morning animated television series that aired on CBS from September 26, 1964 to December 11, 1965, originally airing in black and white. Color versions of the episodes started airing on ABC in 1966, and continued in reruns until September 7, 1969. It was an early Saturday morning cartoon. The show follows a jungle-dwelling lion king who ruled from his personal barber's chair. The character was created in 1959, by the Ed Graham advertising agency, originally as a series of ads for General Foods' Post Cereals. At first, Linus the lion was the spokesman for the short-lived Post cereal \"Heart of Oats\" (a Cheerios imitation). Eventually, the lion was redesigned and reintroduced in 1963, to sell Crispy Critters, which featured Linus on the box. The ads were so popular that a television series was created in 1964, with General Foods as sponsor. The show ran on the CBS network until 1966, and reruns aired on ABC from 1966 to 1969. History In addition to Linus, a rather good-natured \"King of the Beasts\" who ruled from his personal barber's chair and was voiced by Sheldon Leonard, there were other features as well, all based on characters representing other Post breakfast cereals. The best-known of these was Sugar Bear (Sugar Crisp), who sounded like Dean Martin or Bing Crosby and was voiced by actor Gerry Matthews. There was also a postman named Lovable Truly (Alpha-Bits), a young Asian boy named So-Hi (Rice Krinkles), and Rory Raccoon (Post Toasties). A long-play record album was released as a premium tie-in in the year of the show's debut, featuring the characters (voiced by the same stars as the animated cartoon) singing familiar songs such as \"Jimmy Cracked Corn\" with rewritten lyrics. A coloring book was also published which detailed the adventures of So-Hi going on a scavenger hunt in order to break a curse on a two-headed bird, who is then transformed into a human boy due to So-Hi's dedication. Vocal talent The show was perhaps best noted for its abundance of well-known vocal talent. In addition to Leonard, Carl Reiner voiced several characters, most notably Linus' friend Billy Bird; Ruth Buzzi (later of Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In) voiced an old witch who'd befriended Lovable Truly, as well as Sugar Bear's sometime nemesis, Granny Goodwitch; and veteran Bob McFadden voiced So Hi, Rory and Lovable Truly. Jonathan Winters made a number of guest appearances, as did Jerry Stiller and his wife Anne Meara. Also credited was the later \"Maytag Repairman,\" Jesse White. End theme As opposed to the cartoon's jaunty, upbeat, fast-paced opening, which promoted \"Linus the King, Linus the Star, Linus the Lionhearted,\" the end theme, likely by the Johnny Mann Singers, was slow and melancholy in tone. As it played, the cartoon's five principal characters—Linus, Lovable Truly, Rory Raccoon, So Hi, and Sugar Bear were depicted loading the series' \"props\" into a trunk under a spotlight. As the song progressed and with the trunk filled, closed, and", "title": "Linus the Lionhearted" }, { "docid": "41724973", "text": "The Lion King is a 1994 animated Disney film. The Lion King may also refer to: The Lion King (franchise), a media franchise that originated with the film The Lion King The Lion King (1994 soundtrack) The Lion King (video game), a 1994 video game The Lion King (musical), a 1997 Broadway musical The Lion King II: Simba's Pride, a 1998 direct-to-video sequel The Lion King: Simba's Mighty Adventure, a 2000 video game The Lion King 1½, also known as The Lion King 3: Hakuna Matata, a 2004 direct-to-video sequel The Lion King (2019 film), a 2019 photorealistic animated remake The Lion King (2019 soundtrack) The Lion King: The Gift, a secondary soundtrack to the 2019 film, curated by Beyoncé Mufasa: The Lion King, a 2024 photorealistic animated prequel Edward VIII: The Lion King, a Channel 4 documentary about Edward VIII and his efforts to protect Africa's wildlife MS Rigel III, a ferry known from 1996 to 1998 as the MS Lion King Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom, shows a Lion crowned and a Unicorn, representing England and Scotland Coat of arms of the Netherlands Coat of arms of Belgium Coat of arms of Luxembourg Flag of the Republic of Venice Simply Heraldry, which uses elements in which can be considered to be a \"Lion King\" See also King of the Jungle (disambiguation)", "title": "The Lion King (disambiguation)" }, { "docid": "61302647", "text": "Madagascar: A Little Wild (also known as A Little Wild) is an animated television series produced by DreamWorks Animation Television. The series, which is a prequel to the 2005 film, features Alex the Lion, Marty the Zebra, Gloria the Hippo, and Melman the Giraffe residing in a rescue habitat at the Central Park Zoo as children. The series premiered on Hulu and Peacock on September 7, 2020. Unlike The Penguins of Madagascar and All Hail King Julien, the series features all four zoo animals (here called the Zoosters) in main roles (both prior series had only Alex appear in guest roles), and does not feature an appearance in any form from either the Penguins or the Lemurs. Characters Alex (voiced by Tucker Chandler) is a lion cub and is the leader of the Zoosters. He loves performing for big crowds and is always excited about going on big adventures with his friends. Marty (voiced by Amir O'Neil) is a zebra foal and is Alex's best friend. He's very well-organized and is very strict about safety and following the rules. He dreams of being a ranger horse someday. Melman (voiced by Luke Lowe) is a giraffe calf. Unlike the rest of his friends, he tends to be in his own little world and tends to get the most enjoyment out of things that other Zoosters may find boring. He tends to love Kate the most as he appreciates everything she does to take care of him. He also has a fear of butterflies. Gloria (voiced by Shaylin Becton) is a hippopotamus calf and is the only female Zooster. Like Alex, she loves to perform, which is mostly dancing and swimming. She is very kind and caring and also serves as the muscle of the Zoosters, though she often gets distracted by other things that interest her. Ant'ney (voiced by Eric Petersen) is a street-wise adult pigeon who is friends with the Zoosters. He delivers any big news to the Zoosters that he hears on the streets of New York City and sometimes helps them out on their adventures. His favorite activity is finding food laying on the ground and eating it. Pickles and Dave (both voiced by Candace Kozak) are brother and sister chimpanzees who live in the trees in the same habitat as the Zoosters. Pickles is a very tomboyish monkey, while her brother, Dave, is deaf and communicates through American Sign Language. They have a secret lever in their tree that they use to open a secret tunnel allowing the Zoosters to go out into the city, but only after the Zoosters pay them a toll. Kate (voiced by Jasmine Gatewood) is the Zookeeper of the New York Zoo. It's her duty to take care of all the animals at the zoo as best she can. Alex, Marty, Melman and Gloria are her favorites with Melman being the one who loves her back the most. Carlos (voiced by Eric Lopez) is another employee in the zoo who often acts", "title": "Madagascar: A Little Wild" }, { "docid": "8775178", "text": "Animal Crackers is an animated television series produced by Cinar and Alphanim. It is based on the comic strip Animal Crackers by the US cartoonist Roger Bollen. The show was first introduced in September 7, 1997 and ended with the final episode in September 16, 2000. It lasted for three seasons with 39 episodes. Plot The show that tells about a group of anthropomorphic animals that live in a fictional jungle in Africa called Freeborn. Telecast and home media The show was first aired in Canada on Teletoon during its launch in 1997, but added in the U.S. on Fox Family (now Freeform) in 1998 until 2000 and the Cookie Jar Toons block on This TV from November 2008 until August 2009. In foreign countries, the show was also aired in France on La Cinquième (now France 5) and in Malaysia on TV9 and Astro Ceria. As of 2022, the show is now streaming on Tubi. Characters Major characters Lyle Lion (voiced by Mark Camacho): Passive, insecure and a mama's boy, Lyle is not what one might call \"King of the Jungle\". (He's more of a prince, who is incapable of being king), intent on taking philosophy classes and ordering a pizza (preferably vegetarian) than to be the dominant predator. Despite multiple failed attempts, his number one goal in life is to date Lana. Outside his love life, his other goal is to be an astronomer. Dodo (voiced by Teddy Lee Dillon): He is the last remaining dodo alive and is Lyle's best friend. Rash, impatient and slightly self-centered, he is extremely hot-headed and refuses to believe that he lacks the ability to fly. This leads to multiple failed attempts to take flight, sometimes using some very innovative and unusual techniques, all of which fail. Eugene the Elephant (voiced by Terrence Scammell): Despite his size and nature, this pachyderm is really an \"overgrown baby\" who craves attention. He is rather arrogant and obnoxious and is not afraid to bully others with his size and strength to get what he wants. Some of his secret pleasures include inhaling loads of peanut butter and stomping petunias but the sight of a tiny mouse will freak him out. Gnu the Wildebeest (voiced by Marc Montgomery): For a \"supposed\" leader of a herd, Gnu lacks any leadership qualities; rather, his traits show the exact opposite of a leader: lazy, timid and no sense of direction. Despite his nature, Gnu does mean well and is very dedicated to his herd, even though his presence there will hinder rather than help. A single father with a son he loves very much, he is a caring parent. Lana the Lioness (voiced by Kate Hutchinson): Lana is smart, attractive, strong-minded and the object of Lyle's affection. Lana is quite caring towards her fellow inhabitants of Freeborn and will put the group ahead of herself. She is an avid book lover and is often found with her nose in a novel. Despite showing little to no interest in Lyle's", "title": "Animal Crackers (TV series)" }, { "docid": "5986594", "text": "\"Be Prepared\" is a song written by Elton John and Tim Rice (music and lyrics, respectively) from Disney's 1994 animated feature film The Lion King. The song was originally performed in this film by Jim Cummings, with Whoopi Goldberg and Cheech Marin providing supporting vocals. The song is also featured in Disney's 1997 Broadway stage musical The Lion King, with John Vickery, Kevin Cahoon, Stanley Wayne Mathis, and Tracy Nicole Chapman performing it in the original Broadway cast for the musical. Chiwetel Ejiofor performed an altered version of the song in Disney's 2019 live-action remake. The Lion King The song is performed as a musical number by Scar, who lusts for the position as king of the Pride Lands. Scar plans for both his brother Mufasa and his nephew Simba to be murdered, and he sings to an army of spotted hyenas, asking for their assistance. Production Originally, the song (first called \"Thanks to Me\") was about Scar introducing the hyenas to the lionesses after he pronounced himself king. This idea was eventually scrapped and replaced with \"Be Prepared\". A reprise of the song after Mufasa's death was also cut from the film, but is featured in the musical version. At the beginning of the second verse, an army of hyenas is shown goose-stepping in front of Scar, who is perched on an overlooking cliff, in resemblance of Adolf Hitler, with upwards of 22 beams of light pointing straight up (resembling the Cathedral of Light featured in many of the Nuremberg Rallies). Shadows cast onto the cliff evoke for a brief second monumental columns. This is modeled after footage from Leni Riefenstahl's Nazi propaganda movie Triumph of the Will. Though Jeremy Irons is credited for performing the lead vocals on the song, at the 2012 Calgary Comic and Entertainment Expo, Jim Cummings, who also played Ed, stated that he sang most of the song, and that Irons only did some of the talking. However, footage from the film's recording sessions available on the film's 2017 Blu-ray release reveals that Irons sang the entire first verse of the song, while a cursory analysis of the recording suggests (due to a subtle but evident shift in vocal timbre heard in Scar's lead vocal) that Cummings only sang the final verse (\"So prepare for the coup of the century...\" onwards) in the final cut of the film. Cummings has also confirmed this in other interviews, claiming that he sang this last verse due to Irons developing vocal problems during the recording session. However this was later contradicted by Cummings yet again in his podcast \"Toon'd In! with Jim Cummings\" where he reiterated, he sang the entire song and Irons only did some talking. Original recording On the original soundtrack recording, Scar opens the song with a soliloquy: In the film, this is cut and the song begins immediately. This was due to a plot adjustment. The soliloquy had Scar considering using the hyenas for his plot, but in the final version of the", "title": "Be Prepared (song)" }, { "docid": "57462786", "text": "ThunderCats Roar is an American animated television series developed by Victor Courtright and Marly Halpern-Graser for Cartoon Network. Produced by Warner Bros. Animation, it premiered on February 22, 2020. It is the third television series in the ThunderCats franchise after the original series and the 2011 television series. It is Jules Bass's only solo work without his partner Arthur Rankin Jr., who died in January 2014, and Bass's last television production before his death in October 2022. The show's premise is similar to the original series; in which the ThunderCats escape their dying homeworld Thundera, crash-land on Third Earth, and face off against various villains led by the evil overlord Mumm-Ra. Like Teen Titans Go!, ThunderCats Roar sports a more light-hearted, comedic tone than previous incarnations. The series received a mixed reception from critics, while being panned by fans of the original show for its character designs, humor and characterizations, and it ended on December 5, 2020, being cancelled after just one season. Premise Lion-O, Tygra, Panthro, Cheetara, WilyKit and WilyKat barely escape the sudden destruction of their homeworld, Thundera, only to crash-land on the mysterious and exotic planet of Third Earth. Lion-O, the newly appointed Lord of the ThunderCats, attempts to lead the team as they make this planet their new home. A bizarre host of creatures and villains stand in their way, including the evil Mumm-Ra, Third Earth's wicked ruler who will let nothing, including the ThunderCats, stop his tyrannical reign over the planet. Characters ThunderCats Lion-O (voiced by Max Mittelman) – A lion-themed Thunderian and the newly crowned leader of the ThunderCats who still acts like a child. In this adaption, he has a twin sister named Lion-S who is a wanted criminal. Tygra (voiced by Patrick Seitz) – A tiger-themed Thunderian who is the serious and most mature member of the team. He's a bit of a clean freak and the target of most jokes throughout the show. Cheetara (voiced by Erica Lindbeck) – A cheetah-themed Thunderian who is the fastest member of the team and a professional athlete. Panthro (voiced by Chris Jai Alex) – A panther-themed Thunderian who is the strongest and smartest member of the team. WilyKit (voiced by Erica Lindbeck) – A wildcat-themed Thunderian, one half of the ThunderKittens, and WilyKat's fraternal twin sister. She is a tomboy obsessed with fighting and fun in this incarnation. WilyKat (voiced by Max Mittelman) – A wildcat-themed Thunderian, one half of the ThunderKittens, and WilyKit's fraternal twin brother. He is the more mature twin, armed with chemical capsules in this incarnation. Snarf (voiced by Victor Courtright) – The team's mascot and Lion-O's pet. In this show, Snarf is depicted as a robot animal and possibly the smartest of the ThunderCats. Jaga (voiced by Larry Kenney) – A jaguar-themed Thunderian who is the ThunderCats' deceased mentor and the narrator for the series' pilot episode. He later got free from the Astral Plane so he could tell the ThunderCats about Thundera's destruction after his battle with Ratar-O", "title": "ThunderCats Roar" }, { "docid": "34633558", "text": "Carla Renata (sometimes credited as Carla Renata Williams) is an American actress and singer. She was born in Cherry Point, North Carolina and grew up in St. Louis, Missouri. Renata has starred in several long-running Broadway musicals, national tours, and appears on television shows. She is creator and host of The Curvy Critic with Carla Renata which streams via YouTube and Facebook Live. Biography Carla Renata graduated from Howard University with a B.A. in Broadcast Production and was cast in the Matthew Broderick Broadway revival of How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying. She has worked in Broadway musicals. The Life, Smokey Joe's Cafe and in Vegas for the rock group Queen as \"Killer Queen\" in their hit musical We Will Rock You. She made history becoming the 1st African American actress to secure recurring roles on four television shows - TWICE: Shake It Up, Hart of Dixie, How to Live With Your Parents, Mr. Box Office and Superstore. She is best known for her roles in Avenue Q, Smokey Joe's Cafe on Broadway. The New York Times called her an \"Energizer Bunny of a comedian with a big ponytail, giant hoop earrings and an impressive résumé\" and cites her vocalism and style as ranging from \"quasi-operatic\" to gospel and rock. The NAACP Theatre Awards nominated her performance for being outstanding in the Los Angeles production of The Lion King as Shenzi. Broadway credits The Lion King Original Los Angeles Production How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying Avenue Q – Gary Coleman The Life Smokey Joe's Café Off-Broadway Back to Bacharach and David – soloist Film Latte & the Magic Waterstone - Boar's Mother TV credits According to Jim - Sherri (2 episodes) Anger Management – Angelina (1 episode) Bones – Maureen Mack (1 episode) CSI: Crime Scene Investigation – Devine (1 episode) Hart of Dixie – Susie / Zombie No. 6 (19 episodes) How to Live With Your Parents – Mrs. Fogelman (2 episodes) It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia – Police Clerk (1 episode) Lastman – Additional Voices (3 episodes) Life in Pieces – Physician's Assistant (1 episode) Living Biblically – Gracie (6 episodes) Modern Family – Nikki (1 episode) Mr. Box Office – Lois Yearwood (2 episodes) New Girl – Octopussy (1 episode) Shake It Up – Marcie Blue (6 episodes) Superstore – Janet (28 episodes) The Haves and the Have Nots – Joanne (2 episodes) The Neighbors – Leslie (1 episode) The Suite Life of Zack and Cody – Veronica (1 episode) Wabbit – Tooth Fairy (voice) / Grandma (voice) (2 episodes) Young & Hungry – Ms. Higgs (1 episode) Zoey 101 – Nurse Kafader (1 episode) National touring credits Avenue Q – Gary Coleman The Who's Tommy – u/s The Acid Queen Regional theatre credits The Lion King – Los Angeles production as Shenzi Video game creditsGrand Theft Auto: Episodes from Liberty City – Lisa LynnGrand Theft Auto V – The Local PopulationKinect Disneyland Adventures – N/AManeater – Female Hunter 4 Film creditsLatte", "title": "Carla Renata" }, { "docid": "53158311", "text": "is a Japanese actor, voice actor and narrator. He is represented with Horipro Booking Agency. He rusticated from Waseda University First Literature Department. Biography Owada is the youngest son of three children. In 1965, he joined Jiyu Butai, a theater company at Waseda University started by Tadashi Suzuki. In 1968, Owada joined Shiki Theatre Company. He became widely known for playing the heroine's husband in Ai yori Aoku in 1972. In 1977, Owada's landed his first leading role in the film Inugami no Akuryō. He co-starred with Kin'ya Kitaōji in Medea directed by Yukio Ninagawa. Owada appeared in Honō no Onna Shūkin, making him the first Japanese actor to appear in a Chinese film. He played as a minor in Mito Kōmon, in which his character established the phrase \"Kochira ni owasu Okata o Donata to Kokoroeru! Osoreōku mo Mae no Fuku Shōgun, Mito Mitsukunikō ni Ara se rareru zo!!\" (\"Who do you think this man here is? Humbly he is the former deputy general, Mito Mitsukuni!!\") which is stated while holding up an inro (Super Friday: Mito Kōmon Special (Tokyo Broadcasting System, aired 25 July 2003)). In the Japanese dub version of The Lion King Owada is known for voicing King Mufasa. Filmography TV dramas Films Anime television Anime films Video games Dubbing Supervision works Productions Discography References Notes External links Shinya Owada at all cinema Shinya Owada at Kinenote Shinya Owada at Movie Walker Shinya Owada at the TV Drama Database at Horipro Japanese male film actors Japanese male television actors Japanese male video game actors Japanese male voice actors Horipro artists People from Tsuruga, Fukui Male voice actors from Fukui Prefecture 1947 births Living people 20th-century Japanese male actors 21st-century Japanese male actors", "title": "Shinya Owada" }, { "docid": "23979665", "text": "The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe is an animated television program that was broadcast in two parts on CBS on April 1 and 2, 1979, based on the 1950 novel The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe by C. S. Lewis. Plot When the Pevensie Children Lucy, Susan, Edmund and Peter go to Professor Kirke's mansion due to the air raids of World War 2, they stumble into an old wardrobe which transports them to a magical land called Narnia with talking animals, fauns, hags, the oppressive White Witch and the great lion Aslan. There they meet the friendly Mr. and Mrs. Beaver, who help them on their quest to find Aslan the great lion. Only he can help save Lucy's friend Mr. Tumnus (the faun) from the White Witch. They have a fun mysterious time there, and ultimately end up ruling as kings and queens, until they end up back home. The Professor tells the children that they will return to Narnia one day. Production notes The rights to produce the television program were given to the Episcopal Radio TV Foundation in the mid-1950s when C.S. Lewis was recording the Episcopal Series of the Protestant Hour radio programs. Dr. Ted Baehr was elected President of the Episcopal Radio TV Foundation as The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe was preparing to be broadcast by CBS, and he supervised the distribution of the subsequent video. The CBS program had 37 million viewers and won two Emmy Awards. Voices The only actor to appear in both versions is Stephen Thorne (who voiced Aslan). Differences between novel and animated film The meeting with Father Christmas, as well as the season's arrival, is omitted (though he is mentioned by some Talking Animals). Instead, Aslan gives the children their weapons. There is a point in which eventually all four of the children enter the wardrobe (albeit two are still skeptical of Narnia). In the novel, this is in order to escape a housekeeper whom they do not like, but in the cartoon there is no specified reason. The novel, and other adaptations, clearly portray the children as evacuees staying at the home of the Professor during World War II. In this cartoon, no particular reason is stated for them staying there. No mention is made of World War II, and the clothing style of the children suggests a 1960s setting. Rather than ask Edmund what he would most like to eat (whereupon he chooses Turkish delight), as in the novel, The Witch simply offers him Turkish delight directly. The wolf Captain of the White Witch's Secret Police is named \"Fenris Ulf\" (like in early American editions of the book) instead of \"Maugrim\". Mrs. Macready, the Professor's housekeeper, was dropped from the film, and instead of the children being chased into the Wardrobe in the spare room, they all decided to try to get to Narnia all together after the Professor had discussed the truth about it with Peter and Susan. The White Witch's", "title": "The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (1979 film)" }, { "docid": "67398873", "text": "Mufasa is a fictional lion and Simba's father in The Lion King. Mufasa may also refer to: Hyundai Mufasa, a compact crossover SUV \"Mufasa\" (song), a 2022 single by Tekno Mufasa: The Lion King, an upcoming film directed by Barry Jenkins", "title": "Mufasa (disambiguation)" }, { "docid": "59737215", "text": "Emperor Zarkon, known as in the original Japanese language Beast King GoLion, is a fictional character in the media franchise Voltron and an antagonist of the Voltron Force, who made his first appearance in Voltron. Voltron: Defender of the Universe King Zarkon is ruler of Planet Daibazaal who blames others for his failures. At times he can be a more restrained leader, particularly when Lotor does something rash, Zarkon will calmly handle the situation and chastise his son in private. Voltron: The Third Dimension King Zarkon became an ally of the Voltron force against Prince Lotor as a member of the Galactic council. It turns out to be a ruse as he was secretly working with his son. Voltron: Legendary Defender Zarkon was ruler of Daibazaal and the original black Paladin of Voltron. He ruled the Galra Empire for 10,000 years. Zarkon became corrupted by Quintessence and unknown dark forces from an alternate reality which led to a revolt against king Alfor to claim Voltron for himself. With the absence of all five Lions, Zarkon assumed that Voltron was destroyed but rediscovers the lions and wants it for himself. Zarkon eventually gets killed by his son, prince Lotor. The character was made a more sophisticated character than his 1984 counterpart. During flashbacks of Voltron: Legendary Defender, Zarkon is voiced by Kevin Durand instead of Neil Kaplan. Voltron writers said the reason a different voice actor was chosen to show how Zarkon is not the original person he once was. Comics In the 2011 Devil's Due comics the Emperor Zarkon character appears in the book. In popular culture The character appeared in an ad campaign for the Sprite soft drink in the 1990s. References Television characters introduced in 1984 Voltron Male characters in animation Villains in animated television series Extraterrestrial supervillains Fictional characters who use magic Fictional commanders Fictional humanoids Fictional emperors and empresses Fictional warlords Galactic emperors", "title": "Emperor Zarkon" }, { "docid": "7699672", "text": "\"Hakuna Matata\" is a song from Disney's 1994 animated feature film The Lion King. The music was written by Elton John with lyrics by Tim Rice. The song is based on Timon and Pumbaa's catchphrase in the movie, Hakuna matata, a Swahili phrase meaning \"No worry(ies)\". Music The song's music and melody were composed by Elton John, with lyrics by Tim Rice. In the film the song is sung by Timon the Meerkat (voiced by Nathan Lane), Pumbaa the Warthog (voiced by Ernie Sabella), and Simba, a young lion voiced by Jason Weaver (singing voice as a cub) and Joseph Williams (singing voice as an adult). Taking place after the death of Mufasa, it features Timon and Pumbaa, the two main comedy characters in the film, talking to Simba about moving forward from their troubled pasts and forgetting their worries, and Simba grows from cub to adult as the song progresses. The song also provides a backstory for Pumbaa, explaining that he was ostracized from animal society for his excessive flatulence. It makes use of a large proportion of the orchestra as well as many other more unusual instruments including an elaborate drum kit. Rice is said to have got the idea for the lyrics for the song from watching the comedy series Bottom and at one point wanted the show's stars Rik Mayall and Adrian Edmondson to play Timon and Pumbaa. A second version of the song, produced for the companion album Rhythm of the Pride Lands, was performed by Jimmy Cliff featuring Lebo M. This version has a slightly modified, previously unreleased verse focusing on Timon's past. It was partially rewritten with a different instrument arrangement, but remains very similar to the original. This version of the song was released as a single with \"He Lives in You\" as a B-side and was ultimately used in the Broadway theatrical version of The Lion King. Production \"Hakuna Matata\" replaced another song written early on in the production stage, titled \"Warthog Rhapsody\". This song was eventually recorded and released on Rhythm of the Pride Lands, along with several other songs that did not appear in the finished film. The vocal melody of \"Warthog Rhapsody\" was later used for the song \"That's All I Need\" in the spinoff film The Lion King 1½. Meaning Hakuna matata is a phrase in Swahili that is frequently translated as \"no worries\". In a behind-the-scenes segment on The Lion King Special Edition DVD, the film's production team claim that it picked up the term from a tour guide while on safari in Kenya. It was then developed into an ideology that, along with the seemingly antithetical value of duty to the monarchy, is central to the moral content of the film. The title phrase is pronounced with American English phonology within the song, including a flapped \"t\", rather than as it is pronounced in Swahili. Critical reception \"Hakuna Matata\" has become one of Disney's most celebrated and popular songs, establishing itself as one of the", "title": "Hakuna Matata (song)" }, { "docid": "63296975", "text": "Kimba the White Lion, originally known as Jungle Emperor Leo (Japanese: ジャングル大帝, Hepburn: Janguru Taitei) in Japan, was a 1965 television series produced by Mushi Production. This series was based on the manga written and illustrated by Osamu Tezuka. The series was broadcast by the Fuji TV Network from October 6, 1965, to September 28, 1966; as such, it was the first full-colored Japanese anime broadcast on TV. This series consisted of 52 episodes and won a few awards like Special Award of the 4th TV Editors' Award 1966 and the Cultural Award of Children's Welfare under the Ministry of Health and Welfare 1966. Since its first airing, there have been sequel TV shows, films, and remakes made. Plot The series begins in Africa where a group of human hunters begin capturing many of the animals. Among these animals are a lion cub named Kimba (Leo in the Japanese version) and his mother Snowene (Eliza in the Japanese version). Kimba's father Caesar (Panja in the Japanese version), who is the king of the jungle, is killed trying to save Kimba. The ship that captured Kimba and his mother starts to sink and his mother provides Kimba a way to escape and he finds his way back to the jungle. Throughout his journey, Kimba returns to his home in the jungle and becomes a leader of the animals like his father and tries to bring peace between humans and animals. Some of the ways Kimba does this is by adapting human techniques into the animal kingdom such as farming. Characters Voice Actors for the Original Japanese Series. To see a full list of voice actors for the English dub, see List of Kimba the White Lion characters. Leo/Kimba: voiced by Ota Toshiko Lyre: voiced by Matsuo Keiko Tommy: voiced by Akashi Hajime Coco: voiced by Tamura Kinto Mandy: voiced by Katsuta Hisashi Totto: voiced by Kato Seizo Dick: voiced by Kawakubo Kiyoshi Bo: voiced by Kumakura Kazuo Kenichi: voiced by Sekine Nobuaki Mary: voiced by Yamamoto Yoshiko Higeoyaji: voiced by Chiba Junji International syndication Other than the original broadcast in Japan in 1965, the series has been broadcast in many countries around the world. In Asia, it was broadcast in Indonesia on Lativi, antv and SCTV (1995–96); in Iran on Channel 1; in the Philippines on ABC 5; in Saudi Arabia on Saudi TV and in Sri Lanka on ART TV. In Europe, it was broadcast in Bosnia and Herzegovina on RTVUSK; in Croatia on ATV Split/TV Jadran, Nezavisna televizija (NeT), TV Nova Pula and Gradska TV Zadar; in Germany 1977 in ZDF; in France on ORTF (1972) and on TF1; in Italy first in syndication from 1977 and lately on Italia 1 (in 1999 and 2003 with the title Una giungla di avventure per Kimba [literally \"a jungle of adventures for Kimba\"]) and Boing (2010) and in Spain on TV3. In North America, it was broadcast in Canada on Knowledge; in Mexico on Boomerang. It was broadcast, with English-dubbed voices,", "title": "Kimba the White Lion (TV series)" }, { "docid": "716617", "text": "Samuel Ernest Wright (November 20, 1946 – May 24, 2021) was an American actor and singer. He was best known as the voice of Sebastian in Disney's The Little Mermaid, for which he provided the lead vocals to \"Under the Sea\", which won the Academy Award for Best Original Song. He played Dizzy Gillespie in Bird, the biographical film about Charlie Parker. Wright also played the part of Mufasa in the original cast of The Lion King on Broadway and voiced Kron the Iguanodon in the 2000 CGI/live-action film Dinosaur. Early life Wright was born on November 20, 1946, in Camden, South Carolina. Wright was a student at Camden High School, where he was involved with sports and the arts. Career In 1968, Wright moved to New York City to pursue his acting career full time. Wright originated the part of \"Sam\" in Over Here! on Broadway (1974). In addition, on Broadway, Wright replaced Ben Vereen as the Leading Player in Pippin (1972). Wright played Enos' partner Officer Turk Adams in the TV series Enos, the Dukes of Hazzard spin-off in 1980–81. Wright was nominated for a Tony Award in 1984 for Best Featured Actor in a Musical for his performance in The Tap Dance Kid. He portrayed jazz trumpeter and composer Dizzy Gillespie in the 1988 Clint Eastwood film Bird. He originated the role of Mayor Joe Clark in Mule Bone (1991). He was nominated for a Tony Award again in 1998 for Best Featured Actor in a Musical as the original lead actor for Mufasa in The Lion King, the Broadway version of Disney's animated classic of the same name. He also played the part of Jericho on the short-lived Fox television program Jonny Zero in 2005. Music and voice-over work Wright narrated the 1988 documentary film Thelonious Monk: Straight, No Chaser, produced by Clint Eastwood. Wright performed and recorded several songs for the Walt Disney Pictures animated film The Little Mermaid, as Sebastian the Crab, and is widely known for the songs \"Under the Sea\", and \"Kiss the Girl\". He voiced Sebastian in The Little Mermaid sequels and spin-offs, including The Little Mermaid 2: Return to the Sea and The Little Mermaid: Ariel's Beginning (the latter being his final voice role), and recorded several albums in reggae style, among them Sebastian from The Little Mermaid and Sebastian: Party Gras!. Wright also voiced Kron, the leader of the Iguanadon herd, in another Disney animation Dinosaur. He released a soul music single in 1973, \"There's Something Funny Going On\" backed with \"Three Hundred Pounds of Hungry\" on the Paramount Records label. Personal life and death Wright met his wife Amanda Wright, a dance director, at a production of William Shakespeare's The Two Gentlemen of Verona in London's West End. They married on June 14, 1974. Together they had three children: Keely, Dee, and Sam Jr. Wright died from prostate cancer at his home in Walden, New York on May 24, 2021, aged 74. The cancer had been diagnosed three", "title": "Samuel E. Wright" }, { "docid": "6042275", "text": "Prince Thun is a fictional character who appeared in various forms of the Flash Gordon comic strip and film productions. He is a Lion Man of Mongo and one of Flash's most trusted friends. His Father is King Jugrid, ruler of the Lion Men, and one of the three mightiest rulers of Mongo. In comics Thun first appeared in the Alex Raymond comic strip of the 1930s and quickly becomes an ally of Flash, after meeting him during a Lion Men attack on Mingo City. Thun and the other Lion Men are depicted as human-like aliens, but with orange skin and leonine tails. The Lion Men are shown as living in tents and using \"Space Gyro\" aircraft, which are capable of defeating Ming's rocket ships in aerial combat. The Lion Men also have access to artillery, and are shown to own a mortar gun capable of destroying a small city. Thun helped Flash Gordon twice in stopping Ming marrying Dale. Thun and the Lion Men appeared on a semi-regular basis in the later Flash Gordon comic strips. In the Dan Barry Flash Gordon stories, Thun and the Lion Men live in a region called Leonia, in caves resembling mine shafts. Thun has regularly appeared in the various Flash Gordon comic books. The character has appeared in the 1988 DC Comics adaptation Flash Gordon by Dan Jurgens. Thun subsequently turned up in the Ardden Entertainment Flash Gordon comics. Thun was depicted in the Dynamite Entertainment Flash Gordon mini-series, where he closely resembled his depiction from the Filmation cartoon. Thun's homeland was named \"Ardentia\" here, after the 1980 film. In other media In 1936, Thun was first played by James Pierce in the film serial entitled Flash Gordon. Thun appeared in the serial much as he did in the comic strip, a humanoid with a wild shock of long hair and a long beard, creating the overall effect of a lion's mane. Flash, Dale and Zarkov encounter a \"lion-man\" in \"The Forbidden Experiment\", the 25th episode of the 1954 syndicated television series, although he is not identified on-screen as Thun. His body and face are covered with fur and he has fangs and mane-like hair. He has the power to command animals and is seeking to become fully human in appearance. The actor is not credited. Thun next appeared in the 1979 Filmation series. In the feature-length pilot for the series, Thun was voiced by Ted Cassidy. However, Cassidy died before production of the series, so the role was recast with Allan Melvin (who also played Vultan) providing the voice. In this series, Thun appeared as a literal lion man, with a lion's head and claws on a human body. He was referred to as a king, rather than a prince. Thun is the first of Flash's allies on Mongo, and the most loyal and steadfast. It was heavily implied that there was an entire race of Lion Men on Mongo, but Thun was the only one who ever appeared onscreen. In", "title": "Prince Thun" }, { "docid": "13859036", "text": "Shaun Escoffery is a British soul and R&B singer and actor. His first major release was the single \"Space Rider\", released by Oyster Music in March 2001. It was played regularly by the BBC Radio 1 DJ Trevor Nelson and the Dreem Teem. It peaked at No. 52 in the UK Singles Chart, and was followed by the UK No. 53 hit \"Days Like This\" in 2002. After releasing several other singles on the same label, Escoffery became more noticed for his voice - being noticed by Lennox Lewis, who invited him to Memphis, Tennessee, to sing the national anthem before his boxing match with Mike Tyson. In 2007, Escoffery released an album entitled Move into Soul, which included cover versions of \"A Change Is Gonna Come\" and \"I Heard It Through the Grapevine\". Also that year, he received a Laurence Olivier Award nomination for his work in the stage musical Parade, and the following year played Mufasa in a London production of The Lion King. Escoffery's other West End credits include Les Misérables, Smokey Joe's Café, Tommy and Mama I Want to Sing. In 2014, Escoffery returned to the recording studio to release a new album, In the Red Room for Dome Records. The album is co-written and produced by Gil Cang, whose credits include writing \"Whatever Happens\" for Michael Jackson. The first single from the album, \"Nature's Call\", was released in August 2014 and entered the UK Airplay Top 30. Three further singles, \"People\", \"Nobody Knows\" and \"Perfect Love Affair\", also entered the UK Airplay chart. In September 2015 Escoffery appeared at BBC Radio 2's Live in Hyde Park festival, alongside Rod Stewart and Bryan Adams. His album \"Evergreen\" – again co-written and produced by Gil Cang – was released in September 2016 on Dome/MVKA. The first two singles \"When The Love is Gone\" and \"Love Shine Down\" both entered the UK Airplay chart. Discography Shaun Escoffery (Oyster, 2002) Soulonica (Oyster, 2003) Move into Soul (Absolute, 2007) In the Red Room (Dome, 2014) Evergreen (G&S Music Shack/Dome, 2016) Strong Enough (Decca/Universal, 2020) Personal life Shaun enjoys training Gracie Jiujitsu, a martial art in which he holds the rank of black belt. References External links [ Allmusic.com biography] Interview @ Whatsonstage.com Living people English soul singers 21st-century Black British male singers English male stage actors Male actors from London Year of birth missing (living people) English male musical theatre actors English people of Jamaican descent", "title": "Shaun Escoffery" }, { "docid": "72421977", "text": "Matewa Media is a New Zealand production company that dubs Disney animated films into the Māori language. Productions Moana Reo Māori (2017) Matewa Media was formed by Tweedie Waititi and Chelsea Winstanley in 2017 after seeing how popular the 2016 film Moana was with Winstanley's children. With the help of Waititi's cousin and Winstanley's husband Taika Waititi, who wrote the initial screenplay of Moana and was at the time working on Thor: Ragnarok, they secured the dubbing rights from Disney. They received funding from Disney, Air New Zealand, and Te Māngai Pāho who gave $160,000. It was announced in June 2017, with high school student Jaedyn Randell and Te Kāea newsreader Piripi Taylor cast as the lead roles of Moana and Maui respectively, while Rachel House, Temuera Morrison, and Jemaine Clement reprised their roles from the English version. A total of 250 people auditioned for the role of Moana. House also served as the performance director, while Rob Ruha was the musical director. The film premiered on 11 September 2017, during Te Wiki o te Reo Māori. It was screened for free in thirty cinemas around the country, with no English subtitles. The soundtrack was released in November 2017, and the film launched on the Disney+ streaming service on 26 June 2020. The Lion King Reo Māori and Frozen Reo Māori (2022) Māori dubs of the 1994 film The Lion King and the 2013 film Frozen were announced in July 2021, with Matewa Media getting $500,000 in funding from NZ On Air to produce them in December 2021. The cast of The Lion King Reo Māori was announced in May 2022, with Mataara Stokes as Simba, Arihia Cassidy as Nala, Piripi Taylor as Mufasa, Matu Ngaropo as Scar, and Matai Rae and Justin Rogers as Timon and Pumbaa respectively. Each group of animals speak their own Māori dialect from five different iwi; the lions are Waikato Tainui, the hyenas are Ngāti Kahungunu, Timon and Pumbaa are Te Tai Tokerau Māori, Zazu is Taranaki, and Rafiki is Ngāi Tūhoe. Matewa Media appealed directly to Elton John for permission to dub his version of \"Can You Feel the Love Tonight\" in the closing credits, becoming the first foreign version of the film to do so. Stan Walker performed the cover. The film released on 21 June 2022, with the premiere attended by the Māori King Tūheitia Paki. The cast of Frozen Reo Māori was announced in September 2022, with Jaedyn Randell as Anna, Awhimai Fraser as Elsa, Kawiti Waetford as Kristoff, James Tito as Hans, and Pere Wihongi as Olaf. Due to the colder climate, the film is in the dialect of Ngāi Tahu. The film premiered on 26 October 2022. Both films launched on Disney+ in November 2022. Coco Reo Māori (2023) At the premiere of Frozen Reo Māori, Waititi announced that the 2021 film Encanto and the 2017 film Coco were next. Matewa Media secured another $500,000 in funding from NZ On Air to produce them in December 2022, and", "title": "Matewa Media" }, { "docid": "69307968", "text": "Olaf Presents is an animated comedy miniseries of shorts that features Olaf (Josh Gad) retelling the stories of Disney films. The series was inspired by a scene in Frozen II where Olaf recaps Frozen. The series received positive responses, particularly for its humor. Premise Olaf performs his own takes on Disney films The Little Mermaid, Moana, The Lion King, Aladdin and Tangled. He reenacts some things incorrectly and exaggerates certain elements. He plays most of the roles by himself, using various things to imitate the characters. At times, Sven, Marshmallow, the Snowgies, Bruni and Gale help him with his performances. Cast Josh Gad as Olaf Frank Welker as Sven Paul Briggs as Marshmallow Production, marketing and release During the production of Frozen II, Disney needed a scene that was both amusing and informative, which would break up the narrative's occasional harsh tone and introduce a moment of sheer absurdity. They used Olaf and created a scene where he recites the events of Frozen. The scene became so popular that Walt Disney Animation Studios revived the concept for Olaf Presents. Gad improvised much of his performance in the series. The trailer featured the opening of The Lion King episode, followed by a series of Olaf Presents segments, each showing a different Disney film. Olaf appears as the Genie from Aladdin before moving on to Moana. Upon the trailer's release, CinemaBlend called it \"Frozen meets Drunk History\". The series was released on November 12, 2021, coinciding with Disney+ Day, on Disney+, with each episode at approximately 90 seconds. Episodes Each of the shorts were directed by Hyrum Virl Osmond. Reception Critical response Joel Keller of Decider found the series funny and entertaining across its humor, stating the show appears as a refreshing take on some of Disney's intellectual properties, and praised Josh Gad and Frank Welker for their performances. The Wrap writer Drew Taylor called it a \"surprising celebration of Disney Animation's history\" and \"breakthrough in that it is clearly lampooning some aspects of cherished Disney classics, but in a way that is respectful and artistically ambitious\". He commended Gad's performance and Olaf's humour, references, and how he could \"disrupt\" the Frozen world. Overall, he called it perfect, highlighting the animation and comedy. Shane Redding of Screen Rant praised Josh Gad's performance and the humor of the series, writing, \"The series is a great use of Olaf's comedic abilities as he takes jabs at and points out the issues with some of Disney's most famous stories. Whether he is highlighting the painfulness of Mufasa's death in his version of The Lion King or singing \"Part of Your World\" as Ariel in a retelling of The Little Mermaid, Olaf hilariously brings some great Disney stories to life in a way that only he can.\" Diondra Brown of Common Sense Media rated the series 4 out of 5 stars and praised the humor of the series, while complimenting the depiction of different values, such as curiosity, perseverance, and teamwork, that are portrayed through the", "title": "Olaf Presents" }, { "docid": "13465016", "text": "Slap Happy Lion is a 1947 American animated short film directed by Tex Avery and produced by Fred Quimby for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Released on September 20, 1947, the short details the tragic downfall of a lion from king of the beasts to a gibbering, pill-popping wreck. It is narrated by a mouse whose torments drove him crazy. The mouse's voice was supplied by Frank Graham. Scott Bradley provided the music. The closing title in the re-issued version does not display the regular MGM card, and erroneously uses the Tom and Jerry card instead. This might indicate that MGM made a mistake when reissuing it. Also, the Tom and Jerry short Smarty Cat also does not display the ending card, using the regular MGM card instead. The lion's design served as the inspiration for the design of Genghis, a character from The Wacky World of Tex Avery. And also, his appearance of Tom and Jerry series in Jerry and The Lion. Plot Outside the Jingling Bros. Circus (a parody of the Ringling Bros. Circus), a hospital ward clerk hauls out the lion in a wheelchair who has had a nervous breakdown. Watching this, a mouse expresses his disappointment about the lion being \"mouse shocked\" and then talks about what happened before. We are then given a flashback about the lion being king of the beasts, because all the animals are scared to death of the lion, who roars and gets everyone out of his sight. His loud roar frightens every last animal, including a gorilla who screams, shrinks down in size, and runs off. Then one day, the lion meets a mouse, who says \"Boo\" and makes the lion double take and feel scared and scream two times at him. He hides up a tree, feels frightened, and comes down from the tree, but stands up, and roars at the mouse, who unfortunately proves to be tougher than him, and eventually walks away, but mistakenly steps into the wrong direction by going into the lion's mouth. The lion succeeds in catching the mouse, and tries to eat him to hopefully kill him, but is so distracted of trying to do so, that he doesn't realize in the next moment, that when he fails to notice that he is missing a tooth, which fell out of his mouth from a gum between the rest of his teeth, that the mouse is hiding in after he inadvertently walks into the wrong direction into the lion's mouth, it is too late for the lion to see his missing tooth. The mouse then gets out of the lion's mouth and rolls out his tongue like a window shade. The lion grabs the mouse with his tongue, and pulls him in, and tries swallowing him while the mouse finds himself inside the stomach. As he finds two bones lying inside, the mouse plays the ribs inside the lion like a xylophone. The lion tries to kill the mouse by lighting a bomb with a match, putting it", "title": "Slap Happy Lion" }, { "docid": "6984522", "text": "\"Two Hearts\" is a fantasy novelette by American author Peter S. Beagle, written in 2004 as a coda to The Last Unicorn (1968), despite his decades-long reluctance to continue the original story. It was first published as the cover story of Fantasy and Science Fiction magazine issue dated October/November 2005. It can also be found in Beagle's short story collection The Line Between (Tachyon Publ., 2006); in the deluxe edition of The Last Unicorn (New American Library ROC, 2007); The Very Best of Fantasy & Science Fiction: Sixtieth Anniversary Anthology (Tachyon, 2009); and Mirror Kingdoms: The Best Of Peter S. Beagle (Subterranean Press, 2010). In 2023, the book The Way Home was released, consisting of two novellas – 2005's \"Two Hearts\" and the newly written sequel \"Sooz\". Plot summary A young girl named Sooz lives in a village plagued by a griffin. The beast has preyed on the village's sheep and goats for years, but recently it has started killing children as well. Sooz embarks on a quest to recruit the King to save her village, and on the way runs into Schmendrick and Molly Grue (from The Last Unicorn). Upon reaching the king's castle, they find an aged King Lír, who on first glance does not seem to be up to the task of slaying a griffin. He suffers from bouts of forgetfulness, and is coddled by those around him. However, after being reminded of his younger days and his never-ending quest to once again find the unicorn that loved him (Amalthea), Lír readily accepts the mission and sets off with Sooz, Molly Grue, and Schmendrick to battle the griffin in the Midwood. Sooz bonds with King Lír as they return to her village and helps to keep his mind in the present whenever his memory relapses. When they return to her village, and Lír (accompanied by Schmendrick and Molly) is setting off into the Midwood to slay the griffin, Sooz suddenly pleads with him not to go, fearing for his life. Lír, however, insists that it is his duty, and proceeds inward, leaving Sooz outside the forest. When they are gone, however, Sooz's dog, Malka, eagerly chases into the Midwood after them. Sooz chases after Malka and comes across King Lír's battle with the griffin. Malka is killed trying to aid the king, and Lír manages to stab the griffin, putting out its lion heart. But a griffin (as Lír had told Sooz before) has two hearts: eagle and lion. The griffin, hurt but not slain, pounces on Lír after he courteously dismounts his horse, viciously wounding him. It is about to kill Sooz as well, but Schmendrick calls upon the unicorn Amalthea for aid. Amalthea quickly slays the wounded griffin and, though King Lír dies from his wounds (though not before joyously reuniting with the unicorn), she then brings Malka back to life with a touch of her magic horn. Amalthea soon vanishes without a trace, and Schmendrick and Molly depart to bury King Lír. Sooz fears", "title": "Two Hearts (story)" }, { "docid": "61657850", "text": "Timon and Pumbaa's Virtual Safari is a series of interactive virtual games that were included as bonus-features within several of Disney's The Lion King-related DVD releases throughout the 2000's. The series of games centers on Timon and Pumbaa going on a variety of safari adventures. The Virtual Safari games are a cross between the Jungle Cruise and Indiana Jones-related Disney theme park rides along with Kilimanjaro Safaris. Players press the left or right arrow buttons on their DVD player's remote at decision making points to decide which way the vehicle travels. Overview Buena Vista Home Entertainment, Disney Feature Animation, and DisneyToon Studios produced four Virtual Safari games, including: Timon And Pumbaa’s Virtual Safari Boat Tour, Included within Disney's 2003 DVD release of The Lion King Timon And Pumbaa’s Virtual Safari Jeep Tour, Included within Disney's 2003 DVD release of The Lion King Timon And Pumbaa’s Virtual Safari 1.5: The Lion King Prideland Adventure, Included within Disney's 2004 DVD release of The Lion King 1½ Timon And Pumbaa’s Virtual Safari 2.0: Prideland Pachiderm Safari, Included within Disney's 2004 DVD release of The Lion King II: Simba's Pride Production This series marked the first time that Buena Vista Home Entertainment collaborated with Disney Feature Animation and DisneyToon Studios to create a game of this type. Andy Siditsky, Disney's Senior VP of Worldwide DVD production and Creative Services, explained that he wanted set a higher benchmark with what could be done within a DVD set top experience: \"We started thinking about various theme park rides land Timon and Pumbaa were our natural hosts. That led to different ways of doing it and different pieces and wondering where would you go?\" Siditsky brainstormed ideas with a small team including re-recording mixer Terry Porter, discussing different types of tours. They worked closely with the Feature Animation team to develop the animation and assets for the game. As part of the research, the team traveled to Walt Disney World, hung around The Jungle Cruise and read some of scripts of the rides, using them as a guide. There was some trepidation over whether the team could successfully complete the project as it had never been done before. Describing it as an \"experiment\", Siditsky noted that it opened up the door to create virtual safari type of experiences down the line. Part of the challenge was in making it an engaging theme park ride while being relevant to The Lion King franchise and including some adult humour. An additional challenge was in making the animation quality up to the level of the film, considering time and budget constraints. Around 20% of The Lion King was repurposed for Virtual Safari. The first Virtual Safari game was released on The Lion King special edition after six months of work, which combined traditional and CG elements. Ernie Sabella reprised the voice of Pumbaa and Kevin Schon voiced Timon in both 1.0 and 2.0. Nathan Lane returned to voice Timon for the 1.5 installment. 1.5 also featured the returning voices of", "title": "Timon and Pumbaa's Virtual Safari" }, { "docid": "51983252", "text": "Motu Patlu: King of Kings is a 2016 Indian animated adventure Action Drama and Thriller comedy film directed by Suhas D. Kadav and produced by Ketan Mehta. The film was inspired by the popular TV series Motu Patlu, which itself was adapted from characters published by Lotpot magazine. It is the first feature-length film based on the characters. The film was released on 14 October 2016 and became a successful venture at the box office. It received mixed reviews from critics, who appreciated its voice performances, humor, and animation but criticized its plot, violence and editing. Plot The movie begins in a circus, where the ringmaster announces the arrival of a \"poet from Misaj, who only eats vegetarian food\". Hundreds of people were crowded to see the ringmaster introducing Guddu Ghalib, a vegetarian lion, who comes on stage riding a unicycle, juggling carrots and radishes and singing \"Twinkle Twinkle Little Star\". Guddu successfully jumps over a ring of fire and continues cycling, much to the delight of the crowd. However, after two rats fighting over cheese scare Guddu, he accidentally knocks over the ring of fire, which starts a fire and causes chaos within the audience. Guddu flees using his unicycle and jumps into the open trunk of a car, which drives to Furfuri Nagar. Guddu leaves the car and starts exploring, but scares some of the residents in the process. Guddu realizes that the people are afraid of him and starts to purposefully scare and chase the residents. Chingum tries to stop the lion but is too ridden with fear. He calls Motu and Patlu, who inform him that they are already running away from the lion. After running away from the lion several times, Motu notices Guddu's circus skills and assumes that Guddu is a person trying to scare people. Motu tries to tickle Guddu and to remove his \"costume\", not realizing that Guddu is a real lion. Motu uses some sticks to trap Guddu. Dr. Jhatka appears with an invention called the ALTG, which stands for \"Animal Language Translating Gadget\" to help Motu and his friends understand Guddu. Guddu introduces himself to Motu and Patlu and asks them to take him to the jungle. Patlu realizes that Guddu won't be able to survive in the jungle because he doesn't know how to hunt. Chingum informs Patlu of a national park where Guddu can stay. Guddu does not initially want to go to the National Park but eventually agrees. Meanwhile, a fawn named Heeru, a foal, and a bunny playing together in the jungle. Suddenly, many trucks enter the scene. The hunters on the trucks start throwing nets at the animals, trying to capture them. Heeru's mother is captured, but Heeru escapes the ordeal along with many other animals. The animals go to their king, King Singha, to inform him of the ordeal. King Singha confronts the hunters and attacks them, along with the other animals. As the animals are about to subdue the hunters, a helicopter arrives", "title": "Motu Patlu: King of Kings" }, { "docid": "52980138", "text": "Joi McMillon is an American film editor. In 2003, she graduated from Florida State University College of Motion Picture Arts. McMillon is known for her work on the Academy Award-winning film Moonlight (2016), and If Beale Street Could Talk (2018), both winning several respective accolades. Career McMillon initially planned to be a journalist, but a high school field trip to Universal Studios introduced her to the craft of editing and inspired her to apply to film school. She attended Florida State University College of Motion Picture Arts, graduating in 2003. Joi McMillon's first job on an editorial team was as a night assistant editor on The Surreal Life, Season 3 with Flavor Flav and Brigitte Nielsen. Her first time cutting footage together was a teaser for Beauty and the Geek. In 2017, she was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Film Editing (shared with Nat Sanders) at the 89th Academy Awards. McMillon is the first black woman to be nominated for an Oscar for film editing. Barry Jenkins said of her nomination in 2017: \"I respect her work. It makes me very proud of the work she did to see that I'm not the only one. Clearly all these folks in the academy respected the work she did as well.\" McMillon also won (with Nat Sanders) Best Film Editing for her work on Moonlight at the 2017 Spirit Awards. Since then, she has edited numerous films and a television series. In 2018, she collaborated with Nat Sanders again on the editing of If Beale Street Could Talk. In 2020, McMillon cut together Zola with filmmaker Janicza Bravo. Zola went on to win 2022 Winner Independent Spirit Award for Best Editing. In 2021, Joi led the editorial department on The Underground Railroad, a short series adapted from Colson Whitehead's Pulitzer Prize-winning novel for Amazon Studios. Filmography Editor Blue Boy (Short, 2009) Shades of Gray (Short, 2009) Shoot the Moon (Short, 2009) Chlorophyl (Short, 2011) The Other Side of Silence (Documentary, 2012) The Radio Gamers (Short, 2013) Off-Season (Short, 2013) SMILF (Short, 2015) Anne & Jake (TV series) (7 episodes, 2015) Girls (TV series) (1 episode, 2016) Man Rots from the Head (Short, 2016) Moonlight (2016) Lemon (2017) Hum (Short) (2017) American Woman (2018) If Beale Street Could Talk (2018) Zola (2020) The Underground Railroad (TV series) (2021) Mufasa: The Lion King (2024) Editorial department The Biggest Loser (TV series) (assistant editor - 5 episodes, 2004) The Surreal Life (TV series) (assistant editor - 12 episodes, 2004) Going Hollywood (TV series) (first assistant editor - 2005) Beauty and the Geek (TV series) (first assistant editor - 15 episodes, 2005-2006) The Sarah Silverman Program (TV series) (assistant editor - 5 episodes, 2007) (first assistant editor - 1 episode, 2007) Talk to Me (apprentice editor, 2007) Taking 5 (first assistant editor, 2007) Judy's Got a Gun (TV Movie) (assistant editor, 2007) Columbus Day (first assistant editor, 2008) American Violet (first assistant editor, 2008) Not Easily Broken (first assistant editor, 2009) I Can Do", "title": "Joi McMillon" }, { "docid": "56652135", "text": "Jaydon McCrary (born July 18, 2007) is an American actor, dancer and singer. He is best known for his turn as Kenny Payne in The Paynes on the Oprah Winfrey Network. He starred in The Lion King (2019) as the voice of young Simba. He is signed to Hollywood Records and released his first extended play Shine, in April 2019. His song \"Keep In Touch\" was featured in dancing video game Just Dance 2020. Career McCrary began his acting career in 2015 at age 8 on K.C. Undercover, where he appeared on two episodes. In December 2016, he made a guest appearance on Childish Gambino's song \"Terrified\". He then had live performances on Little Big Shots singing The Jackson 5's \"I Want You Back\", The Ellen Show singing \"Who's Lovin' You\", and the 60th Annual Grammy Awards to support Childish Gambino's \"Terrified\". In December 2017, he sang the national anthem before a Los Angeles Clippers game after a viral singing display a few weeks prior. In 2017, he later appeared on I'm Dying Up Here and Teachers as minor roles. On January 14, 2018 he released his first official single called \"Inviting All of You\". On August 13, 2018, it was announced that JD McCrary became the youngest artist to sign with Disney Music Group's Hollywood Records, as he released the music video to his second single \"My Name\" on August 28. On January 24, 2019, he released the first single after signing to the label called \"Keep in Touch.\" He stars in The Paynes on the Oprah Winfrey Network. In 2019, McCrary co-starred in the Universal comedy film Little, and provided the voice of young Simba in the live action remake of the Disney film The Lion King. McCrary said that \"Donald Glover [who voices adult Simba] is so talented that [I] actually did have to take it into consideration, because if Simba is going to grow up to be some sort of figure and you know of it, you have to keep that motive.\" Also that year, McCrary portrayed a young Michael Jackson in the BET series American Soul, which premiered in February. On April 19, McCrary released his debut EP, Shine, which includes production from Jermaine Dupri and Bryan-Michael Cox. Artistry In an interview with Vibe, McCrary cited Michael Jackson as his biggest influence, as well as Stevie Wonder, Bruno Mars, Justin Bieber, and Chris Brown. Discography Extended plays Singles Guest appearances Filmography Film Television References External links 2007 births Living people 21st-century African-American male singers 21st-century American male singers 21st-century American male actors 21st-century American singers Male actors from Los Angeles African-American male child actors 21st-century African-American male actors American child singers American male child actors American male film actors American male television actors American male voice actors Hollywood Records artists", "title": "JD McCrary" }, { "docid": "5511774", "text": "Tarzán is a television series that aired in syndication from 1991–1994. In this version of the show, Tarzan (Wolf Larson) was portrayed as a blond environmentalist, with Jane (Lydie Denier) turned into a French ecologist. The series aired in syndication in the United States. Ron Ely, famous for playing Tarzan in the original series, played a character named Gorden Shaw in the first-season episode “Tarzan the Hunted”. Juma the Lion was performed by two trained male adult African lions. One of them was Sudan of Thousand Oaks, California's Animal Actors of Hollywood. The second lion actor was Josef of Salinas, California's Monterey Zoo. He was used as a live action model for Mufasa in Disney's animated production of The Lion King around the same era. Episodes Season one (1991–92) Season two (1992–93) “Tarzan and the Missile of Doom” “Tarzan and the Forbidden Jewels” “Tarzan and the Broken Promise” “Tarzan and the Amazon Women” “Tarzan and the Karate Warriors” “Tarzan and the Lion Girl” “Tarzan and the Deadly Delusion” “Tarzan and the Primitive Urge” “Tarzan and the Mysterious Sheik” “Tarzan and the Runaways” “Tarzan Meets Jane” “Tarzan and the Wayward Balloon” “Tarzan and the Fugitive’s Revenge” “Tarzan and the Mutant Creature” “Tarzan Rescues the Songbird” “Tarzan and the Fire Field” “Tarzan and the Movie Star” “Tarzan and the Fountain of Youth” “Tarzan and the Law of the Jungle” “Tarzan and the Shaft of Death” “Tarzan and the Polluted River” “Tarzan’s Dangerous Journey” “Tarzan and the Toxic Terror” “Tarzan and the Earthly Challenge” “Tarzan and the Mysterious Fog” Season three (1993–94) “Tarzan and the Hollywood Adventure” “Tarzan and the Witness for the Prosecution” “Tarzan and the Rock Star” “Tarzan and the Odd Couple” “Tarzan and the Return of the Bronx” “Tarzan and the New Commissioner” “Tarzan and the Stoneman” “Tarzan and the Deadly Cargo” “Tarzan and the Sapphire Elephant” “Tarzan and the Fear of Blindness” “Tarzan and the Mating Season” “Tarzan and the Gift of Life” “Tarzan and the Death Spiders” “Tarzan and the Russian Invasion” “Tarzan and the Fiery End” “Tarzan and the Curse of Death” “Tarzan and the King of the Apes” “Tarzan and the Evil Twin” “Tarzan and the Dangerous Competition” “Tarzan and the Pirates Revenge” “Tarzan and Cheeta’s Desperate Adventure” “Tarzan and the Sixth Sense” “Tarzan and the Ring of Romance” “Tarzan and the Night Horrors” “Tarzan and the Jewel of Justice” Legacy The show inspired the poem “Sunday, Tarzan in His Hammock” by Lewis Buzbee, which he wrote as \"...revenge against Tarzan and cheerful aerobics instructors everywhere.” References External links Tarzan television series 1990s Canadian drama television series Canadian adventure television series Canadian action television series 1991 Canadian television series debuts 1994 Canadian television series endings French drama television series French action television series 1991 French television series debuts 1994 French television series endings Mexican drama television series 1991 Mexican television series debuts 1994 Mexican television series endings Television shows set in jungles", "title": "Tarzán" }, { "docid": "25096284", "text": "is a Japanese manga, anime, and live-action television series which features a cast of six main characters and numerous other supporting characters. Main characters Asumi Kamogawa is the story's main character. After her mother died when she was young, she grew up with her father. She is the only one who can see Mr. Lion, whom she met soon after her mother's death. After meeting Mr. Lion, she becomes resourceful and determined to become an astronaut. When her name is written in kanji (her name is in katakana), asu means \"tomorrow\" (or in this case \"future\") and mi means \"look\". She is very dedicated to her friends, willing to risk her life to help them. She also seems to enjoy making new friends and making others happy, even those who she has not yet considered her friends, seeing how she offered for Mr. Lion to ride in her rocket when she grew up(even before she officially knew him), and wanted to give one of her eyes to the blind, bandaged woman she met in the spirit world(even though she did know that it was her mother but unable to tell her real name on instructions from lion san to not tell her real name in spirit world). To sum it up, Asumi is kind, resourceful, loyal, and likable. Asumi Kamogawa is voiced by actress Akiko Yajima in the anime series and is portrayed by actress Nanami Sakuraba in the live-action adaptation. Mr. Lion meets Asumi when she is young and introduces himself as a ghost. He wears a large lion mask that covers his entire head. He comforts Asumi during the difficult time after her mother's death, and fosters her interest in space. He had a relationship with Asumi's elementary teacher, Yuko Suzunari and gave her a small lion doll with a wedding ring inside before he died. His real name is Takano. In the anime, he has a degree of memory loss, only by the end of the series does he regain part of it. He has only minor supernatural abilities, such as jumping high. He does fatigue himself like a normal living human. His missing memories include a brief relationship as a child with the \"first\" Marika Ukita. At the end of the anime series, Mr. Lion plays his harmonica which Asumi's friends are able to hear. They witness Mr. Lion as he removes his lion mask and wishes Asumi goodbye, leaving his harmonica behind for her. Mr. Lion is voiced by actor Takehito Koyasu in the anime series; he does not appear in the live-action adaptation. Shinnosuke Fuchuya is Asumi's childhood friend who ends up following her to take the astronaut course. He likes Asumi and always looks after her but hasn't really revealed his feelings to her. His friends refer to him by family name only. He also responds to the nickname given to him by Kei. Shinnosuke Fuchuya is voiced by actor Toshiyuki Toyonaga in the anime series and is portrayed by actor Shunsuke Daito", "title": "List of Twin Spica characters" }, { "docid": "6250735", "text": "\"He Lives in You\" is a song written and performed by Lebo M and his South African Choir and co-written by Mark Mancina and Jay Rifkin, originally for Rhythm of the Pride Lands, a 1995 album inspired by the 1994 film The Lion King. It is also performed twice (first in a shorter form, \"They Live in You\", and then in its full form) in the stage musical adaptation of The Lion King, first produced in 1997. Furthermore, an abridged version of the song was used for the opening of the 1998 sequel film The Lion King II: Simba's Pride. The Lion King musical The song initially appears in Act I as \"They Live in You\", which is sung by Mufasa to his young son Simba. Mufasa explains that the Great Kings of the Past are watching over them from the stars above. If Simba ever feels alone, he can trust that the Great Kings are there, as Mufasa will also be one day. Later, in Act II, Rafiki finds a lonely and forlorn Simba in the jungle and explains to the lion that his father Mufasa lives on through the song \"He Lives in You\". In the musical, this serves as a reprise of \"They Live in You\". Simba follows Rafiki to a pool of water, in which Simba sees only his own reflection at first and is sceptical. As the song becomes quieter, however, the face of Mufasa appears above the stage in the starry night sky. He tells Simba to \"Remember who you are.\" before fading away. Simba, invigorated and realising what he now must do, leaps up from the pool as ensemble singers appear on the stage for the second part of the song. The ensemble, Rafiki, and Simba join together in a joyous celebration before Simba returns to the Pride Lands to challenge Scar. The Lion King II: Simba's Pride The song is used in the opening sequence of the The Lion King II: Simba Pride, sung by Lebo M, animals are shown traveling to Pride Rock to witness the presentation of Simba and Nala‘s daughter, Kiara. The main theme of the song is that Mufasa’s legacy lives on, despite his death. Mufasa's spirit is also seen watching over the presentation. The Lion King (2019 film) Lebo M performs a Xhosa version of the song that plays over the credits of the 2019 remake film of The Lion King and is included on the film's soundtrack. Cover versions Tina Turner's version was featured on the compilation album The Lion King Collection as well as the credits of the film during some non-English dubs. Diana Ross recorded the song for her 1999 album, Every Day Is a New Day and for the 1999 movie Double Platinum where her character Olivia King sang it. TRF recorded the song for the Japanese version of Simba's Pride, releasing their version as their 25th single in 1999. Lonnie Gordon recorded a house version for her album No Regret and released", "title": "He Lives in You" } ]	[ "James Earl Jones" ]
train_45913	who plays the daughter in mr popper 's penguins	[ { "docid": "11178187", "text": "Madeline Carroll (born March 18, 1996) is an American actress known for starring as Juli Baker in Flipped, as Molly Johnson in Swing Vote, as Farren in The Spy Next Door, and as Willow O'Neil in The Magic of Belle Isle. Early life Carroll was born and raised in Los Angeles. Her mother is a homemaker and her father is a contractor. She has three brothers: Ned, Jack and Dylan. She began modeling at the age of three. At the age of four, she was discovered by her theatrical agent 'Wendy' in a nail shop in Sherman Oaks. She began her career appearing in numerous commercials for companies such as Allstate, Chef Boyardee, Kmart, Mr. Clean, Subway, Super 8 Motels and Target Corporation. Career Her first appearance in a film was in the 2006 horror film When a Stranger Calls. After minor roles in The Santa Clause 3: The Escape Clause and Resident Evil: Extinction, in 2008 she got her first major role co-starring in Swing Vote alongside Kevin Costner. In 2010 she appeared in the Jackie Chan film The Spy Next Door. That same year she also starred in the film adaptation of Wendelin Van Draanen's novel, Flipped, directed by Rob Reiner. Carroll's performance in the film garnered critical acclaim, and in 2011 and 2012 she appeared in numerous other movies such as Mr. Popper's Penguins, Machine Gun Preacher, and The Magic of Belle Isle. Around age 15, Carroll began to be offered nude or promiscuous roles, all of which she turned down due to her personal beliefs. In 2014, also due to personal reasons, she turned down a larger role in the show Scandal, in which she had already appeared in two episodes. When she was 19, she nearly gave up being an actress altogether after a call from her agent, who stated that it was impossible to be a Hollywood actress without taking nude roles. Later, she related the following: The next day, she was offered a role in the Christian film God Bless the Broken Road. Since then, she has played roles in other faith-based films, including I Can Only Imagine and Pure Flix's Indivisible, both of which were released in 2018. In 2019, Carroll received the Golden Angel for \"Excellent Young Performing Artist of U.S.\" at the 15th Chinese American Film Festival in Los Angeles. Subsequent to starring in the Erwin Brothers' I Can Only Imagine, Carroll became involved with their studio Kingdom Story Company, with the purpose of learning filmmaking. She, Jon Erwin, and Jon Gunn wrote the script of Kingdom's first production and Carroll's screenwriting debut, I Still Believe, which was released in March 2020. Personal life Carroll is a devout Christian, and often speaks about her faith at religious events and conferences, and during interviews. Filmography Film Television References External links 1996 births 21st-century American actresses Actresses from Los Angeles American child actresses American Christians American expatriate actresses American expatriates in the United Kingdom American film actresses American television actresses Living people", "title": "Madeline Carroll" } ]	[ { "docid": "48478962", "text": "Bill Thurman (November 4, 1920 – April 13, 1995) was an American film and television actor. From the early 1960s until his death in 1995, he frequently appeared in B movies and independent films, often playing \"redneck types\" or sheriffs. He worked with low-budget-director Larry Buchanan on numerous films, for example In the Year 2889 and It's Alive!. Thurman was one of those Southern actors who specialized in \"regional\" pictures, films made exclusively for distribution in the Southern States. However, Thurman also appeared in two movies by Hollywood star director Steven Spielberg and played Coach Popper, the apparently homosexual husband of Cloris Leachman, in Peter Bogdanovich's The Last Picture Show (1971). The character actor also appeared in popular television shows like Dallas and Centennial. One of his later roles was Reverend McWiley in the horror film Mountaintop Motel Massacre (1983). Selected filmography The Yesterday Machine (1963) - Police detective The Trial of Lee Harvey Oswald (1964) - Witness High Yellow (1965) - Major Bates Hot Blooded Woman (1965) - Railroad Tough The Black Cat (1966) - Bartender Zontar, the Thing from Venus (1966, TV Movie) - Sheriff Brad Crenshaw Curse of the Swamp Creature (1966, TV Movie) - Driscoll West / The Swamp Creature Spiked Heels and Black Nylons (1967) - Abel In the Year 2889 (1967) - Lt. Lang Shameless Desire (1967) - Cal Night Fright (1967) - Deputy Ben Whitfield Sam (1967) The Other Side of Bonnie and Clyde (1968) - Policeman (uncredited) It's Alive! (1969, TV Movie) - Greely / Monster A Bullet for Pretty Boy (1970) - Huddy The Last Picture Show (1971) - Coach Popper Encounter with the Unknown (1973) - Second Man The Sugarland Express (1974) - Hunter Ride in a Pink Car (1974) - Barlow 'Gator Bait (1974) - Sheriff Joe Bob Thomas Where the Red Fern Grows (1974) - Sam Bellington The Florida Connection (1976) - Deke Creature from Black Lake (1976) - Sheriff Billy Carter Slumber Party '57 (1976) - Mr. Willis Charge of the Model T's (1977) - Sgt. Bond Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977) - Air Traffic #2 Keep My Grave Open (1977) - Hitchhiker The Beasts Are on the Streets (1978, TV Movie) - Carl Evans The Evictors (1979) - Preacher Higgins Tom Horn (1980) - Ora Haley Skyward (1980, TV Movie) - Pilot #1 Raggedy Man (1981) - Sheriff Mountaintop Motel Massacre (1983) - Reverend Bill McWilley Places in the Heart (1984) - Homer Innocent Prey (1984) - Jim Gardner Alamo Bay (1985) - Sheriff Silverado (1985) - Carter Hawken's Breed (1987) - Jeb Kline It Takes Two (1988) - Bus Driver Painted Hero (1997) - Old Man Bolen (final film role) References External links 1920 births 1995 deaths American male film actors 20th-century American male actors Male actors from Texas", "title": "Bill Thurman" }, { "docid": "27403326", "text": "This is a list of programs currently, formerly, and soon to be broadcast by the Israeli Educational Television. IETV productions This is a list of prominent IETV TV shows currently and formerly broadcast on IETV. Imported TV shows broadcast on IETV Children's 3-2-1 Penguins Adventures of the Little Mermaid The Adventures of Peter Pan Alfred J. Kwak Amigo and Friends Angelina Ballerina Angelina Ballerina: The Next Steps Archibald le Magi-chien The Babaloos Babar Baby Follies Bananas in Pyjamas Bangers and Mash Barney Bear in the Big Blue House The Bear's Island Beat Bugs Bertha The Big Garage The Blobs Bo on the Go Bob the Builder Bobobobs Boffins Boule et Bill Budgie the Little Helicopter Bug Alert Bumpety Boo Busy Buses Calimero The Caribou Kitchen Chapi Chapo Charlie and Lola Christopher Crocodile Colargol Connie the Cow Cushion Kids Delfy and His Friends Dino Babies Dinosaur Train Dr Otter Edward and Friends Faerie Tale Theatre The Fairytaler Fiddley Foodle Bird The Forgotten Toys Fraggle Rock The Funny Company Funnybones Gordon the Garden Gnome Happily Ever After: Fairy Tales for Every Child Hello Kitty and Friends Here Comes the Grump Holly the Ghost Huckleberry no Bōken Inspector Gadget It's Punky Brewster Ivor the Engine Jay Jay the Jet Plane Jim Henson's Animal Show Jim Henson's Mother Goose Stories Jimbo and the Jet Set Joe the Little Boom Boom Johnson and Friends Jungle Ted and the Lacy Button Poppers Kassai and Leuk Keroppi and Friends King Rollo Kissyfur Kitty Cats The Legend of Snow White The Littl' Bits Little Wizards Little Women The Magic Key Magic Mountain Martha Speaks Mathmatazz Mīmu Iro Iro Yume no Tabi Moomins Mopatop's Shop Mr. Men and Little Miss Mrs. Pepper Pot Nanook The New Adventures of Ocean Girl Nilus the Sandman The Ollie & Moon Show Once Upon a Time... Life Once Upon a Time... Man Oscar's Orchestra Oswald Ox Tales Papa Beaver's Storytime Parasol Henbē The Perishers Pirates: Adventures in Art The Poddington Peas Polka Dot Shorts The Pondles Postman Pat Potamus Park Raggs The Raggy Dolls Ready Jet Go! Really Wild Animals Rimba's Island Rubbish, King of the Jumble Saban’s Gulliver’s Travels The Secret Show Shaun the Sheep Shelldon Shelly T. Turtle Show The Shoe People The Silver Brumby The Slow Norris The Smurfs Splash and Bubbles Starhill Ponies Storybook International Taotao Teddybears Thomas & Friends A Thousand and One... Americas Tip en Tap Tots TV Towser TV Colosso Vision On Wil Cwac Cwac The Winjin Pom Wisdom of the Gnomes The Wizard of Oz The Wonderful Wizard of Oz WordWorld The World of David the Gnome The Wubbulous World of Dr. Seuss Zack & Quack TV series A.J.'s Time Travelers Ark II Barriers Beau Geste Blizzard Island Breakers The Champions Children's Ward Chocky The Coral Island Crossbow Dick Turpin Falcon Island The Famous Five Five Mile Creek Gavilan Golden Pennies Jack Holborn Just William Katts and Dog Knights of God Lost The Lost Islands Mad Men Mission: Impossible Mom P.I. Murphy's Mob The Paper", "title": "List of programs broadcast by Israeli Educational Television" }, { "docid": "63663497", "text": "Richy Hughes is an English musical theatre lyricist and theatre maker from Thurrock, England. Early life Richy Hughes was born in 1974, and attended Coopers' Company and Coborn School in Upminster, Essex. He regularly wrote and performed end of year revues, and won the school's Prize for Art in 1992. He went on to study Illustration at the Kent Institute of Art and Design. From an early age Hughes was an active member of the amateur dramatics scene in his home town of Thurrock, starring in numerous roles including Sidney Carton in a musical premiere of A Tale of Two Cities, Riff in West Side Story, and Billy Bigelow in Carousel. In 1999, he founded a youth theatre company known as Arts Factory. Career Early career Hughes' break into professional theatre came in 2012, when he entered a song into an open submission for A Song Cycle For Soho at the Soho Theatre. The comic song, entitled 'It's What He Would’ve Wanted', written with composer Scott Dean, tells the story of ‘Jimmy The Fox’ whose corpse is ‘borrowed’ from the undertakers on the eve of his funeral for one last bender in Soho. In 2012, he joined the Book, Music, Lyrics professional writers’ workshop. Here he honed his lyric-writing craft under the tutelage of such esteemed theatre practitioners as Jeremy Sams, Charles Hart, Tim Sutton, David Firman, Mark Warman, George Stiles and Anthony Drewe. 2015 – Mr Popper's Penguins Hughes' first professional commissions came after producer Kenny Wax attended a showcase of Book, Music, Lyrics alumni. Wax was impressed with Hughes' lyrics and invited him to collaborate on a new family musical adaptation of children's book, Mr Popper's Penguins. The production premiered at The Lowry in Manchester in 2015, and has had runs at the Criterion Theatre in London's West End, the New Victory Theater in New York City, and the Seattle Children's Theatre, as well as extensive US and UK tours. The show was co-produced by Pins & Needles Productions, Kenny Wax Family Entertainment, and TC Beech, with songs written in collaboration with composer Luke Bateman. 2017 – Superhero At the Book, Music, Lyrics Workshop, Hughes met composer Joseph Finlay and bookwriter Michael Conley, his collaborators on Superhero, which premiered at Southwark Playhouse in June 2017. The song 'Don't Look Down', taken from the show won The Stiles and Drew Best New Song Prize in 2015, at an event at the Wyndham's Theatre, produced by Mercury Musical Developments and hosted by Elaine Paige. The show went on to win the Off West End Theatre Award (Offie) for best new musical in 2018. Micheal Rouse also won the Offie for Best Actor in a Musical for his portrayal of Colin Bradley in the same year. 2019 – Oi Frog and Friends In 2019, Hughes and Pins & Needles Productions adapted Kes Gray and Jim Field's best-selling children's book series Oi Frog and Friends for the stage. This time, Hughes played a key role in the development and writing of the", "title": "Richy Hughes" }, { "docid": "76453800", "text": "I Hate You was a six-part 2022 British comedy television series created by Robert Popper. It was available on streaming service All4 in September 2022 and ran for one series on Channel Four in October 2022. Synopsis Two 20-something women, Charlie and Becca, flatmates and best friends, endure a love-hate relationship. Cast Tanya Reynolds as Charlie Melissa Saint as Becca Shaquille Ali-Yebuah as Karl Maddie Rice as Miriam Chetna Pandya as Mrs Plant Harry Trevaldwyn as Matthew Jonny Sweet as Bob Joe Tracini as Ryan Levi Brown as Two Time James Bradwell as Bradley Production The series was created by British comedy writer and producer Robert Popper. Popper devised the concept five years prior to broadcast, as about two best friends but in a series entitled I Hate You and told The Evening Standard that he wanted to explore how a relationship with a best friend \"is a super intense thing and you sometimes say, ‘I…hate them so much,’ even though you love them\". The series cast is led by Tanya Reynolds and Melissa Saint, playing the best friends. Saint auditioned for the show in March 2021, with Reynolds cast at the end of 2020. The cast also inclused Shaquille Ali-Yebuah, Chetna Pandya, Joe Tracini and Jonny Sweet. The series also features a cameo voice-appearance from Peter Serafinowicz as a talking horse. Broadcast The six-part series was released at the end of September 2022 on the Channel 4 streaming service All 4, it was part of a trial that saw the whole series debut online a fortnight before the first episode aired on television on 13 October 2022. Reception Rebecca Nicholson in The Guardian gave the series two stars and described it as \"watching two grown women possessed by the spirit of puerile teenage boys.\" Michael Hogan in the The Daily Telegraph labelled the series as \"misfiring\" and said \"Calling a TV series I Hate You is asking for trouble. Especially when that series is so easy to dislike.\" Steve Bennett for Chortle compared the series to Popper's earlier sitcom Friday Night Dinner, saying that the characters Charlie and Becca are \"vessels for the same kind of dumb jokes and piss-taking that defined the sibling relationship between Adam and Jonny\" in that show, and concluded that \"the off-the-wall tone’s probably close enough to appeal to fans of its illustrious predecessor.\" References External links 2022 British television series debuts 2022 British television series endings 2020s British black comedy television series 2020s British sitcoms Channel 4 sitcoms British English-language television shows Television series by Big Talk Productions Television shows set in London", "title": "I Hate You (TV series)" }, { "docid": "3876452", "text": "Robert Rackstraw (born 31 October 1965) is a British voice actor who has worked in various animated films, television shows and video games. Career Rackstraw has an extensive voiceover career over 20 years. He voiced the main villain Pew in The Legends of Treasure Island, Voracious, Attila and Farmer Farmer in Foxbusters, James in the UK and US versions of Thomas and Friends, Buster and George in The Koala Brothers, Professor Professor in The Secret Show, Mr. Messy, Mr. Noisy, Mr. Fussy, Mr. Tickle and Mr. Happy in the UK version of The Mr. Men Show, Dad in Dennis and Gnasher, Kwazii in The Octonauts, Roger and Isambard in Lavender Castle, and Captain Campion in Watership Down. He wrote episodes of Avenger Penguins and Fantomcat. He made his very first voice acting role as Dave the Policeman in the 1992 stop motion animated series Truckers. He provided additional voices for Realms of the Haunting, Dragon Quest VIII: Journey of the Cursed King, Know Your Baddies: Professor Professor's Lectures, Star Wars: The Old Republic, Star Wars: The Old Republic - Rise of the Hutt Cartel, Star Wars: The Old Republic - Knights of the Fallen Empire and Star Wars: The Old Republic - Knights of the Eternal Throne. He played Garibald Tarwick, Meeren Slave and Crow in the 2014 episodic graphic adventure fantasy drama video game Game of Thrones: A Telltale Games Series. He voiced Taraba Ninja in Shinobido: Way of the Ninja, Vadim Sokow in Anno 2070, Director Abbas Mokhtar in The Raven, Dan in Containment and Magical Duck in Sophia Grace & Rosie's Royal Adventure. He voiced Adam, Hector Laine and Shears in the 2013 adventure video game Broken Sword 5: The Serpent Curse. He provided various voices for Retribution, Venetica and Sherlock Holmes: The Devils Daughter. He voiced as an Announcer and Death Eater in the 2010 two-part action-adventure video game Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 and provided additional character voices in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2. He also voiced the Snow Tubby in the 2015 reboot of classic British children's television series Teletubbies. He played Finger Bob and Finger Pete in Zemanovaload and Rufus in Renart the Fox. He provided the voice of John Steinbeck in the 2014 documentary film I (Heart) Berlin. He played various characters such as Savolla, Olaf, Salamandra Bandit, Salamandra Mage, Citizens and Knights in the 2007 action role-playing hack and slash video game The Witcher developed by CD Projekt Red and published by Atari. It is based on the novel series of the same name by Polish author Andrzej Sapkowski. Filmography Film Television Video games References External links 1965 births Living people 20th-century English male actors 21st-century English male actors English male television writers English male voice actors English television writers Male actors from Sunderland", "title": "Rob Rackstraw" }, { "docid": "19919849", "text": "\"Precambrian rabbits\" or \"fossil rabbits in the Precambrian\" are reported to have been among responses given by the biologist J. B. S. Haldane when asked what evidence could destroy his confidence in the theory of evolution and the field of study. The answers became popular imagery in debates about evolution and the scientific field of evolutionary biology in the 1990s. Many of Haldane's statements about his scientific research were popularized in his lifetime. Some accounts use this response to rebut claims that the theory of evolution is not falsifiable by any empirical evidence. This follows an assertion by Karl Popper, a philosopher of science who proposed that falsifiability is an essential feature of a scientific theory. Popper also expressed doubts about the scientific status of evolutionary theory, although he later concluded that the field of study was genuinely scientific. Rabbits are mammals. From the perspective of the philosophy of science, it is doubtful whether the genuine discovery of mammalian fossils in Precambrian rocks would overthrow the theory of evolution instantly, though if authentic, such a discovery would indicate serious errors in modern understanding about the evolutionary process. Mammals are a class of animals whose emergence in the geologic timescale is dated to much later than any found in Precambrian strata. Geological records indicate that although the first true mammals appeared in the Triassic period, modern mammalian orders appeared in the Palaeocene and Eocene epochs of the Palaeogene period. Hundreds of millions of years separate this period from the Precambrian. Origin of the phrase Several authors have written that J. B. S. Haldane (1892–1964) said that the discovery of a fossil rabbit in Precambrian rocks would be enough to destroy his belief in evolution. However these references date from the 1990s or later. In 1996 Michael J. Benton cited the 1993 edition of Mark Ridley's book Evolution, Evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins wrote in 2005 that Haldane was responding to a challenge by a \"Popperian zealot\". In 2004 Richa Arora wrote that the story was told by John Maynard Smith (1920–2004) in a television programme. John Maynard Smith attributed the phrase to Haldane in a conversation with Paul Harvey in the early 1970s. Theoretical background The philosopher Karl Popper held that any scientific proposition must be falsifiable, in other words it must at least be possible to imagine some reproducible experiment or observation whose outcome would disprove the hypothesis. Initially he thought that Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection (often summarized as \"the survival of the fittest\") was untestable in this sense, and therefore \"almost tautological.\" Popper later changed his view, concluding that the theory of natural selection is falsifiable and that Darwin's own example of the peacock's tail had disproved one extreme variation of it, that all evolution is driven by natural selection. Although in 1978 Popper wrote that his earlier objection had been specifically to the theory of natural selection, in lectures and articles from 1949 to 1974 he had stated that \"Darwinism\" or \"Darwin's theory of evolution\" was a", "title": "Precambrian rabbit" }, { "docid": "36154766", "text": "Alan John Saunders (22 July 1954 – 15 June 2012) was a prominent British philosopher, food writer, novelist and radio broadcaster in Australia. Early life and academic career Saunders was born in London and raised in Harringay, North London. His father, Sydney Saunders, was a taxi driver and his mother, Edith, was a secretary in a school. Saunders' interest in gastronomy initially came about through childhood holidays abroad with his parents, who were adventurous eaters. He gained a Bachelor of Arts in philosophy at the University of Leicester and a Bachelor of Science from the London School of Economics, and was a Frances A. Yates Research Fellow at the Warburg Institute, University of London. In 1992, he was one of the first recipients of Australia’s Pascall Prize for Critical Writing and Broadcasting, and, in 2007, was awarded the Special Media Prize by the Australasian Association of Philosophy. He gained his PhD from the Australian National University, with a dissertation on the 18th-century English philosopher Joseph Priestley. Media career and writing After a period of freelance work for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation while still based in London, Saunders moved to Sydney and joined Radio National in 1987. During his career he presented The Food Program, Screen, The Comfort Zone, By Design and The Philosopher's Zone. He was a regular and occasional columnist for media outlets such as The Sydney Morning Herald, The Bulletin, Australian Financial Review, Food Australia, Delicious Magazine and The Times Literary Supplement. He was also \"the critic\" on the ABC TV series The Chopping Block. Saunders was the author of A is for Apple (William Heinemann 1995), a collection of essays loosely revolving around food. Writing about the book for The Australian Financial Review, the journalist Maria Trefely-Deutch praised Saunders for his \"very real appreciation of popular culture. In discussing prohibitions against eating pigs, only Saunders can jump from Rabbi Moses Maimonides, the great Jewish philosopher of the Middle Ages to Arnold, Eva Gabor's neighbor's pet pig in the 1960s sitcom, Green Acres\". His satirical novel, Alanna (Penguin 2002), was described by the critic Peter Pierce in The Sydney Morning Herald'''s books pages as \"sportive and engaging, fast paced and unsparing of its targets. Saunders not only mocks the pretensions of the Australian literary world, but the wider community that is content to be deluded, to consume ersatz spirituality where and however it is peddled, to embrace the author as much as the book.\" Death and tributes In June 2012, Saunders contracted a viral infection which developed into pneumonia. On 14 June, he was taken by ambulance from the ABC Studios, where he was recording his program The Philosopher's Zone, to St Vincent's Hospital in Darlinghurst. He died there the following day. A retrospective edition of The Philosopher's Zone entitled \"Tribute to the philosophical Alan Saunders\" was broadcast on Radio National on 24 June 2012.The Age published an online obituary on 26 June 2012. Bibliography Saunders, Alan, A Portrait of Sir Karl Popper, The Science Show, ABC Radio", "title": "Alan Saunders (broadcaster)" }, { "docid": "14509075", "text": "The Man Who Came to Dinner is a 1942 American screwball comedy film directed by William Keighley, and starring Bette Davis, Ann Sheridan and, as the titular character, Monty Woolley. The screenplay by Julius and Philip G. Epstein is based on the 1939 play The Man Who Came to Dinner by Moss Hart and George S. Kaufman. The supporting cast features Jimmy Durante and Billie Burke. Plot While passing through small-town Ohio during a cross-country lecture tour, notoriously acerbic New York radio personality Sheridan Whiteside breaks his hip after slipping and falling on the icy steps of the house of the Stanleys, a prominent Ohio family with whom he's supposed to dine as a publicity stunt. He insists on recuperating in their home during the Christmas holidays. The overbearing, self-centered celebrity soon comes to dominate the lives of the residents and everyone else who enters the household, including a shipment of four live penguins. He encourages young adults Richard and June Stanley to pursue their dreams, much to the dismay of their conventional father, Ernest. Meanwhile, Whiteside's assistant Maggie Cutler finds herself attracted to local newspaperman Bert Jefferson. When Bert reads his play to her, she is so impressed she asks Whiteside to show it to his contacts and then announces she will quit his employment and marry Bert. Her boss is loath to lose such an efficient aide and does his best to sabotage the blossoming romance. He also exaggerates the effects of his injuries to be able to stay in the house to further his sabotage. He suggests actress Lorraine Sheldon would be perfect for one of the leading roles, intending to have her steal Bert away from Maggie. Lorraine convinces Bert to spend time with her to fix up the play. When Maggie realizes Whiteside is behind the underhanded scheme, she quits. Somewhat chastened, Whiteside concocts a plan to get Lorraine out of the way, with the help of his friend Banjo. They trap Lorraine in an Egyptian sarcophagus, and Banjo ships her off to Nova Scotia. Finally fed up with his shenanigans, meddling, insults, and unbearable personality, Mr. Stanley swears out a warrant ordering Whiteside to leave in 15 minutes. However, with seconds to spare, Whiteside blackmails Mr. Stanley into dropping the warrant, and allowing his children to do as they please by threatening to reveal Stanley's sister Harriet's past as an infamous axe murderess. As Whiteside departs — he falls on the Stanleys' icy steps again and is carried back inside, much to Mr. Stanley's consternation. Cast Bette Davis as Maggie Cutler Ann Sheridan as Lorraine Sheldon Monty Woolley as Sheridan Whiteside Richard Travis as Bert Jefferson Jimmy Durante as Banjo Billie Burke as Mrs. Ernest Stanley (Daisy) Reginald Gardiner as Beverly Carlton Elisabeth Fraser as June Stanley Grant Mitchell as Ernest Stanley George Barbier as Dr. Bradley Mary Wickes as Miss Preen Russell Arms as Richard Stanley Ruth Vivian as Harriet Stanley Edwin Stanley as John Betty Roadman as Sarah Charles Drake as Sandy", "title": "The Man Who Came to Dinner (1942 film)" }, { "docid": "47480951", "text": "Soak the Rich is a 1936 American comedy film written and directed by Ben Hecht and Charles MacArthur, and starring Walter Connolly, John Howard, Mary Zimbalist, Lionel Stander, Ilka Chase and Alice Duer Miller. It was released on January 17, 1936, by Paramount Pictures. Plot Humphrey Craig is a tycoon who has endowed a university. His idealistic daughter Belinda enrolls there, hoping to get some idea of the 'real world'. When Professor Popper lectures his students on the merits of a 'soak-the-rich' tax bill, Craig (who opposes the bill) gets Popper fired. Meanwhile, Joe Muglia is the leader of a band of radicals on campus. When the radicals protest the dismissal of Popper, Belinda falls in love with Buzz Jones, a radical, handsome idealist . Cast Walter Connolly as Humphrey Craig John Howard as Kenneth \"Buzz\" Jones Mary Zimbalist as Belinda \"Bindy\" Craig Lionel Stander as Muglia Ilka Chase as Mrs. Mabel Craig Alice Duer Miller as Miss Beasley Francis Compton as Tulio Joseph Sweeney as Capt. Pettijohn John W. Call as Sign carrier Edwin Phillips as Lockwood Robert Wallsten as Tommy Hutchins George Watts as Rockwell Percy Kilbride as Everett Isabelle Foster as Jenny Edward Garvey as Dean A. S. Phillpotts Allan Ross MacDougall as Keats Cornelius MacSunday as Craig's butler Reception Frank Nugent of The New York Times wrote, \"Collegiate radicals come in for a rather cruel lampooning at the hands of those old die-hards, Ben Hecht and Charles MacArthur, in the antic pair's latest picture, Soak the Rich, which moved into the Astor last night. Their spoofing of youth in revolt is frequently amusing and the quality of the dialogue proves that the premier filmmakers of Astoria have lost none of their wit. The same, alas, cannot be said of their sense of direction.\" References External links 1936 films Paramount Pictures films American comedy films 1936 comedy films Films directed by Ben Hecht American black-and-white films 1930s English-language films 1930s American films", "title": "Soak the Rich" }, { "docid": "2618045", "text": "William Herbert Newton-Smith (May 25, 1943 – April 8, 2023) was a Canadian philosopher of science. Biography Newton-Smith's undergraduate degree from Queen's University was in Mathematics and Philosophy, in 1966. He took an MA from Cornell University in Philosophy, in 1968, and a DPhil in philosophy from Balliol College, Oxford, in 1974. His working life before retirement was mainly as a Fellow of Balliol. Newton-Smith's 1980 book The Structure of Time focuses on the philosophy of time. In the 1980s he led a small team of British philosophers, including Kathy Wilkes and Roger Scruton, who travelled to Czechoslovakia to give unauthorized philosophy lectures. Newton-Smith led Central European University from its foundation in 1991 until Alfred Stepan was elected rector in 1993. Newton-Smith had two daughters with his first wife Dorris Heffron. His daughter Rain Newton-Smith is an economist who became the Director General of the Confederation of British Industry (CBI) in April 2023. In 2003, Newton-Smith and his second wife Nancy Durham were the first to grow lavender on a field scale in Wales. They became the sole distillers of lavender oil in Wales. Their company, Welsh Lavender Ltd, produces face and body creams. Newton-Smith died of throat cancer on April 8, 2023, at the age of 79. Works The Structure of Time (1980) The Rationality of Science (1981) Logic (1984) Modelling the Mind (1990) editor with K. V. Wilkes Popper in China (1992) editor with J. Tianji Chapter 1 - Popper, ciência e racionalidade. In Karl Popper: Filosofia e problemas (1997), organized by Anthony O'Hear, translated to Portuguese by Luiz Paulo Rouanet. Editora Unesp. Cambridge University Press. The Companion to the Philosophy of Science (2000) References External links Welsh Lavender 1943 births 2023 deaths Central European University Cornell University alumni Fellows of Balliol College, Oxford Canadian philosophers of science Philosophers of time", "title": "William Newton-Smith" }, { "docid": "5652492", "text": "\"Run-Around\" is a song by American rock band Blues Traveler, featured on their fourth studio album, Four (1994). The song was the band's breakthrough hit, peaking at number eight on the US Billboard Hot 100 and number 13 on Canada's RPM 100 Hit Tracks chart. It gave the band their first Grammy Award in 1996, for Best Rock Vocal Performance by a Duo or Group. Overview and history \"Run-Around\" debuted on June 24, 1993, during a solo show featuring Blues Traveler frontman John Popper. The first full band performance of the song took place the next time it was played, February 21, 1994. The 1994 show was significant because it took place at the famous CBGB and the show introduced a number of songs that were to be on their next album, Four. The song tells of the relationship Popper had with original bass player Felicia. Popper had a crush on her, but was worried because they also shared a close friendship. According to guitarist Chan Kinchila the two still remained close friends after the events of the songs. She was also the subject of a later song, \"Felicia\". Music video The video for the song has a Wizard of Oz motif, with Blues Traveler playing behind a curtain in a nightclub while a young, \"hip\" and more \"photogenic\" group appears to be playing the song. Dorothy Gale (Diana Marquis), the main character of the story, tries to get into the club. She is turned away by the doorman, as are three other people whose appearances resemble the Scarecrow, the Cowardly Lion, and Tin Woodman characters. They rush to the locked back door, where they catch a glimpse of the show. Finding a club-goer passed out nearby, Dorothy transfers the stamp on his hand to her own and to the hands of her three companions, and they are able to get inside. By this time, several brief shots of the actual band have been seen; they are playing the song in a darkened back area, with several bouncers guarding the entrance, and the onstage group is only lip-synching and miming in time. As Dorothy begins to realize something is amiss, her dog Toto slips past the bouncers and pulls open a curtain to expose the real band. She and the other three are quickly whisked away and the curtain is yanked shut by the club owner (Ken Ober) as the song ends. Although the video for this song shows a Kansas driver's license, the license shown was not the current design but instead the design the state used in the mid to late 1980s. The name appearing on the license was misspelled as \"Dorthy\". The song was ranked number 76 in VH1'S 100 Greatest Songs of the '90s. Live performances In Blues Traveler's live shows, \"Run-Around\" has been played 997 times (as of February 2016) which is roughly 54% of the shows since its debut. The band originally played the song much slower, as Popper wrote it to reflect a", "title": "Run-Around (song)" }, { "docid": "62400069", "text": "Bohdan Tůma (born 6 September 1967) is a Czech actor and voice actor. He is one of the most famous actors in the dubbing industry of Czech Republic, being the main voice actor for Jack Black, Jim Carrey and Denzel Washington. Biography Bohdan was born in Prague. While studying singing and acting at Prague Conservatory, he appeared in plays of many theaters, such as Theatre on the Balustrade. Eventually, he began his career of voice acting in 1991. Filmography Tankový prapor (1991) - Pvt. Bamza Burning Bush (2013) - Police officer Tiger Theory (2016) - Voice of parrot Dubbing roles Wesley Snipes Demolition Man (Simon Phoenix) Murder at 1600 (Detective Harlan Regis) One Night Stand (Maximilian \"Max\" Carlyle) U.S. Marshals (Mark J. Sheridan / Mark Warren / Mark Roberts) Blade (Eric Brooks / Blade) Rising Sun (Lt. Webster \"Web\" Smith) Blade II (Eric Brooks / Blade) Liberty Stands Still (Joe) The Marksman (Painter) Unstoppable (Dean Cage) Blade: Trinity (Eric Brooks / Blade) 7 Seconds (Jack Tulliver) The Detonator (Sonni Griffith) The Contractor (James Jackson Dial) Chaos (Jason York / Scott Curtis / Lorenz) Zig Zag (David \"Dave\" Fletcher) Jungle Fever (Flipper Purify) Hard Luck (Lucky) Coming 2 America (General Izzi) Denzel Washington Courage Under Fire (Lt. Colonel Nathaniel Serling) The Siege (Anthony Hubbard) John Q. (John Q. Archibald) The Manchurian Candidate (Maj. Ben Marco) Man on Fire (John W. Creasy) Inside Man (Keith Frazier) Out of Time (Matt Lee Whitlock) Déjà Vu (Doug Carlin) American Gangster (Frank Lucas) The Taking of Pelham 123 (Walter Garber) Malcolm X (Malcolm X) The Book of Eli (Eli) Safe House (Tobin Frost) The Equalizer (Robert McCall) The Magnificent Seven (Sam Chisolm) Fences (Troy Maxson) The Equalizer 2 (Robert McCall) The Little Things (Joe \"Deke\" Deacon) Jim Carrey Batman Forever (Edward Nygma / Riddler) Ace Ventura: Pet Detective (Ace Ventura) The Mask (Stanley Ipkiss / The Mask) Dumb and Dumber (Lloyd Christmas) Ace Ventura: When Nature Calls (Ace Ventura) The Truman Show (Truman Burbank) Once Bitten (Mark Kendall) Yes Man (Carl Allen) Earth Girls Are Easy (Wiploc) Mr. Popper's Penguins (Tom Popper) Anchorman 2: The Legend Continues (Scott Reils) Kidding (Jeff Piccirillo / Mr. Pickles) Sonic the Hedgehog (Dr. Robotnik) Sonic the Hedgehog 2 (Dr. Robotnik) Dark Crimes (Tadek) Kevin Bacon Apollo 13 (Jack Swigert) Tremors (Valentine \"Val\" McKee) Cavedweller (Randall Pritchard) Frost/Nixon (Jack Brennan) X-Men: First Class (Sebastian Shaw) Jayne Mansfield's Car (Carroll Caldwell) Jack Black The Holiday (Miles Dumont) Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle (Professor Sheldon \"Shelly\" Oberon) The House with a Clock in Its Walls (Jonathan Barnavelt) Jumanji: The Next Level (Professor Sheldon \"Shelly\" Oberon) Will Smith Men in Black II (James Darrel Edwards III/Agent J) Bad Boys (Mike Lowrey) I, Robot (Detective Del Spooner) I Am Legend (Robert Neville) Personal life He's married and has two daughters, Denisa and Veronika. References External links Bohdan Tůma at the Czech-Slovak Film Database 1967 births 20th-century Czech male actors 21st-century Czech male actors Czech male film actors Czech male stage actors Czech male television", "title": "Bohdan Tůma" }, { "docid": "22911893", "text": "Travis Randall (born Travis Michael Randall; December 9, 1972) is an American actor and musician. He was born in Spooner, Wisconsin. In 2008 he was a regular on Spike Network's MANswers as the exotic food expert appearing in multiple episodes. In 2005 he appeared in the film Never Been Thawed that was directed and written by Sean Anders who would go on to write and direct Sex Drive as well as projects such as Mr. Popper's Penguins, Hot Tub Time Machine, She's Out of My League, and Dumb and Dumber To. Sean and Travis were in the band Stone Bogart together. They made music and covered such songs as Monty Python's \"The Lumberjack Song.\" Travis is also an acclaimed chef with a cookbook due in late 2015 according to his website. Travis also has a BBQ sauce available through his website. He regularly appears on radio and TV segments about food nationally. As of 2011 he was teaching grilling classes periodically in Scottsdale, Arizona. Music Travis was the bass player for the American rock band Stone Bogart from 1993 to 2001. He appeared on a comedy DVD and Comedy Central Special with comedian/author Greg Behrendt as part of the band Black Rattle. Stone Bogart is set to reunite on Oct 18th 2013 after 12 years. He has made appearances in various performing rock bands in Los Angeles and Phoenix in recent years. Travis plays bass, guitar, and drums. He also has worked as a live audio engineer and studio producer. Technical In 2009 Travis directed and produced a music video for Jeff Caudill for the song \"I Was The Lead Singer\". Currently he owns and operates Rock & Roll BBQ in Los Angeles California featuring BBQ skills learned from his dad and grandfather. Travis worked in the sound department for Charlie's Angels: Full Throttle in 2003. Travis served as a location manager on The Muppets movie and has also worked as a location supervisor for the Academy Awards from 2003 to 2017. Travis produced and engineered Greg Behrendt's CD \"Uncool\" which received critical acclaim and was re-released in 2012. Travis owns Full Staging Production Services Inc in Los Angeles. Television Appeared on multiple episodes of Spike Networks' show MANswers as a culinary expert. Notable segments included \"Roadkill\" and \"Cat vs. Dog,\" and \"What's More Nutritious?\" He has also appeared on Food Network's \"Diners, Drive Ins, and Dives.\" Film Appeared in the popular mockumentary Never Been Thawed which was directed by Sean Anders. References External links Living people Male actors from Wisconsin 1972 births People from Spooner, Wisconsin", "title": "Travis Randall" }, { "docid": "5761784", "text": "Gary Peter Waldhorn (3 July 1943 – 10 January 2022) was an English actor and comedian known for his roles in British television and theatre. He is particularly remembered for his work in the main casts of several British sitcoms. Notable roles and characters played by him included Councillor David Horton in The Vicar of Dibley and Lionel Bainbridge in Brush Strokes. Early life Waldhorn was born in London on 3 July 1943 to Liselotte ( Popper) and Siegfried Waldhorn. His parents were Austrian Jews. He studied acting at the Yale School of Drama (graduated 1967) where he notably performed in new works written by playwright Lillian Hellman in 1966. While at Yale he met fellow student Christie Dickason, daughter of Indiana University academic David Howard Dickason, who became his wife and an active theatre director and choreographer in London and later a published playwright and novelist. He is known for his work in West End theatre productions and for his collaborations with the Royal Shakespeare Company. In 1972 he toured Australia and New Zealand in Harry M. Miller's production of Sleuth playing opposite Richard Todd. Career Apart from appearing in The Vicar of Dibley, Waldhorn also made many television appearances from the 1970s including Softly, Softly, The Sweeney, Space: 1999, The New Avengers, Brideshead Revisited, The Professionals, Minder, Robin of Sherwood, Rumpole of the Bailey, The Bill, Heartbeat, Gallowglass and Lovejoy. He also played Lionel Bainbridge in the first three series of Brush Strokes before the character was written out, and Richard Beamish in the first series of All at No 20. He also starred as Ralph Apsoland in the 1993 miniseries Gallowglass. His other notable television credits include several recurring roles: Caulaincourt in the mini-series Napoleon and Love, Greville in The Top Secret Life of Edgar Briggs, Henry Channon in Edward & Mrs. Simpson, Teddy Lupus in Enemy at the Door, John Fearnley in Moving, Gordon Lochhead in Campaign, Cllr. Alec Radcliffe in The Chief, Sergeant Bob Pulver in Lovejoy, and Cmdre. Forrest in Longitude. His film credits include the roles of Harlich in Zeppelin, Max in Sir Henry at Rawlinson End, Hauptmann Rainer Mueller in Escape to Victory, and Tornado in The Chain. On stage he was particularly active with the Royal Shakespeare Company. Personal life and death Waldhorn was a patron of Malawi Dream, a British registered charity working to help the people of Malawi in Africa. He married Christie Dickason on 2 April 1967; together they had one son, Joshua. Waldhorn died on 10 January 2022, at the age of 78. Selected filmography Television Films Zeppelin (1971) – Harlich Hanover Street (1979) – 2nd German Clerk Dirty Money (1979) – Ministry Man Sir Henry at Rawlinson End (1980) – Max Escape to Victory (1981) – Hauptmann Rainer Mueller The Chain (1984) – Tornado Radio \"The Carrara Cherub\", BBC Radio 4, Saturday Night Theatre, 21 August 1982 - Ray Damon (Private Detective) References External links Gary Waldhorn at the British Film Institute 1943 births 2022 deaths", "title": "Gary Waldhorn" }, { "docid": "52791214", "text": "Kenny Wax (born ) is a British theatrical producer of musicals, plays, concerts and family entertainment. Early life and education Born in Bowdon, Cheshire, third child of parents Robert and Valerie Wax. His brother Derek Wax is a multi BAFTA and Emmy winning television producer whose award-winning programmes include Sex Traffic, The Hour, Occupation and Humans. Kenny was educated at Altrincham Preparatory School, in Cheshire and Carmel College, Oxfordshire. He graduated from the Polytechnic of Central London with a 2(1) in Business Studies. Career Wax began his theatre career as an usher at the Theatre Royal Drury Lane on the 1989 production of Miss Saigon. He left there to work for Dewynters as a 'runner' before being offered full time employment in the media department of the theatre advertising agency. He left there to be a runner for Cameron Mackintosh on the Stiles and Drewe musical Just So at the Tricycle Theatre. He was production administrator at the King's Head Theatre in Islington, where he produced his first production, a season of Sunday Night Concerts under the banner Kickin' The Clouds Away and spent a season as general manager of the National Youth Theatre. Wax spent three years at Imagination Entertainment before starting his own company in 1995. He was general manager for PW Productions of The Woman In Black and An Inspector Calls. Wax has produced both plays and musicals in London's West End. He has also produced family entertainment products such as Stiles and Drewe's The Three Little Pigs at the Palace Theatre, and with Tall Stories The Gruffalo, The Gruffalo's Child and Room on the Broom. Wax's production of The Play That Goes Wrong opened on Broadway in March 2017. and recently completed a 7-month UK wide tour 2012. International work Top Hat has been seen twice in Japan and in Sweden performed by the Malmö Opera. Hetty Feather has played at the Asolo Theatre in Sarasota, Mr Popper's Penguins at the New Victory Theatre in New York City, The Tiger Who Came To Tea, We're Going On A Bear Hunt and The Three Little Pigs have all played at the Melbourne Arts Centre and the Sydney Opera House. A film version of We're Going On A Bear Hunt was shown on Channel 4 Christmas 2016. Awards and appointments Wax's production of The Play That Goes Wrong was winner of the Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Comedy, and the Tony Award for Best Scenic Design in a Play. His production of Top Hat won three Laurence Olivier Awards and an Evening Standard Theatre Award for 'Best Night Out' His production of Once on This Island won Best New Musical at the 1995 Laurence Olivier Awards. His productions of Hetty Feather, Room on the Broom and The Tiger Who Came To Tea have also received nominations for the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Entertainment. His production of Wonderful Town won the Manchester Evening News Award for Best Production 2014. He was appointed president of the Society of", "title": "Kenny Wax" }, { "docid": "71569972", "text": "Croakin' at Toad's is a live album by jam band supergroup Frogwings. The group's sole release, it was recorded at Toad's Place in New Haven, Connecticut and The Wetlands in New York, New York, and was released on CD in 2000 by Butch Trucks' label Flying Frog Records. The album features John Popper on harmonica and vocals, Jimmy Herring and Derek Trucks on guitar, Kofi Burbridge on keyboards and flute, Oteil Burbridge on bass, Marc Quinones on percussion, and Butch Trucks on drums. Reception In a review for AllMusic, Brian Beatty wrote: \"None of Croakin' at Toad's''' eight songs is anything more than an excuse for extended, indulgent soloing. Imagine a Santana rehearsal from the early '70s with a stoned Toots Thielemans sitting in on harp... Maybe you had to be there, like back in the '70s.\" In a separate AllMusic review, Bill Meredith commented: \"The blazing Herring and youthful Trucks... blend their strengths nicely; Popper and bassist Burbridge... provide additional firepower,\" while the other musicians \"man the foundation for an uncategorizable jam band for the new millennium.\" Writer Dean Budnick praised the group's \"charged, often boundless playing,\" and stated: \"The band crackles on this release... The dynamic between guitarists Herring and Trucks is worth the price of admission alone, but the rhythm section is propulsive.\" Rob Evanoff, writing for All About Jazz, remarked: \"if you like a mix of blistering guitar, soul-vibrating bass, pulverizing drums, heated percussion, blowin' harp and pulsating keyboards whose culmination will make you close your eyes, wince your mouth and waver your skull as if you're being riddled with razor sharp musical bullets, then you'll be Croakin' in your pants, the same way the lucky few who were on hand at Toad's did.\" Robin Rothman of CMJ New Music Monthly stated: \"the band sounds more or less like you'd expect given the personnel... The playing is air-tight.\" In an article for The Aspen Times, Stewart Oksenhorn called the album \"remarkably tight,\" and commented: \"With Croakin' at Toad's, Frogwings dares anyone to call their music noodling, that condescending term laid on rock bands that rely more on instrumental interaction than concise, lyric-driven songs... there is a dense rhythmic aspect to the music, bringing in jazz, rock and Latin grooves. And it's just impossible to say that the music goes nowhere, not with soloists who have as much to say as these guys do.\" George Graham described Croakin' at Toad's'' as \"a great live album marked by solid playing and the kind of musical interaction that makes a jam band performance so memorable... an album that should not be missed by the jam band fan.\" Track listing \"Kick n Bach\" (Jimmy Herring, John Herbert, Oteil Burbridge) – 13:59 \"Hurdy Gurdy Fandango\" (John Popper) – 5:33 \"Pattern\" (John Popper, Oteil Burbridge) – 6:24 \"Eddie's Got a Boyfriend\" (Oteil Burbridge, Jimmy Herring) – 16:10 \"Just One\" (John Popper) – 9:53 \"Ganja\" (Frogwings) – 7:57 \"Deviant Dreams\" (Oteil Burbridge, John Popper) – 9:18 \"Among Your Pillows\" (Kofi Burbridge, Oteil Burbridge,", "title": "Croakin' at Toad's" }, { "docid": "57709277", "text": "Paul Clifford Hendy (born 22 July 1966) is a British script-writer, novelist, director, producer and filmmaker. In his early career, he was a TV presenter hosting the BAFTA nominated Dear Mr Barker (BBC), Don’t Try This at Home (ITV), The Disney Club (ITV), and the final series of Wheel of Fortune (ITV). He was a regular reporter on ITV’s This Morning and hosted Stash the Cash. In 2017 Hendy wrote, produced and directed a short film The Last Laugh which sees three legendary British comedians in a dressing room discussing the secret of comedy and what it means to be funny. In 2018 Hendy produced and directed Mr Sunshine (written by Tim Whitnall), a short film on the life of Eric Morecambe. In 2004, Hendy wrote the novel Diary of a C-List Celeb, a fictionalised account of his experiences in television and the entertainment industry. The novel was published by Bantam (Penguin Random House). In 2005, the screen rights for Diary of a C-List Celeb were optioned by Hartswood Films. In 2006, Hendy wrote the sequel, Who Killed Simon Peters? also published by Bantam (Penguin Random House). Early career Hendy was born in Dawley on 22 July 1966. Hendy's career started as a member of The National Youth Theatre of Great Britain, playing the part of Billy Casper in Kes in 1980. His first break into television came when he hosted ITV's Sunday morning flagship show The Disney Club. After leaving The Disney Club, Hendy went to the BBC and hosted the Saturday morning show Parallel 9 which was broadcast live from Pinewood Studios. He has also presented Disney Summer Holidays (ITV), For Amusement Only (BBC), Highly Sprung (BBC), Travel Bug (an Action Time Production for BBC) and three series of the BAFTA nominated Dear Mr Barker (BBC). In 2001, he took over from John Leslie as host of ITV1's game show Wheel of Fortune with Terri Seymour and ITV1's prime time Saturday night show Don't Try This at Home with Davina McCall, which ran for four series (1998–2001). He hosted the un-aired pilot of the UK version of the game show The Chair (BBC1), which was hosted by No. 1 tennis player John McEnroe at the helm (2002). Hendy was a regular reporter for ITV's This Morning and a guest presenter on GMTV. He hosted Talking TV (BBC1), Walk Over History (Meridian) and The Dog Listener (Channel 5). He has also hosted Kicked Into Touch (Meridian) and Stash (ITV). He also hosted a cinema review show called The Box Office Boys (BFBS), and featured on an episode of Surprising Stars with Kate Thornton. Film In 2016, Hendy wrote, directed and produced the short film, The Last Laugh. The film won Best UK Film and Best UK Short at the Manchester Film Festival as well as many other International film awards including Best Comedy Drama at Los Angeles Independent Film Festival and Best Supporting Actor at Sydney Independent Film Festival. In 2018, Hendy and his production company Evolution, optioned the", "title": "Paul Hendy" }, { "docid": "69440202", "text": "Jared Stern is an American screenwriter, director and producer. He collaborated with John Whittington on The Lego Batman Movie (2017), The Lego Ninjago Movie (2017), and DC League of Super-Pets (2022), the latter of which he also directed. Career Stern began his career by writing the screenplay for Mr. Popper's Penguins in 2011. In 2012, he wrote for the comedy film The Watch. The following year, he wrote the comedy film The Internship. In 2014, Stern was hired to write The Lego Movie 2: The Second Part (2019), but eventually moved on to writing the spinoffs The Lego Batman Movie and The Lego Ninjago Movie (both 2017). In the same year, he wrote a script based on the Disney theme park attraction It's a Small World. In 2015, he wrote and created the television series Dr. Ken. In 2017, he produced the live action film It Happened in L.A. After writing screenplays, Stern directed his feature film debut, Happy Anniversary, a 2018 Netflix film. He also served as an executive producer on Storks (2016) and Smallfoot (2018). In 2019, he created the animated series Green Eggs and Ham, based on the Dr. Seuss book of the same name. In 2020, he signed on to produce the Warner Animation Group film Toto, before he was replaced by Derek Frey in 2021. He gained notability from directing the DC Comics film DC League of Super-Pets. He teamed up with Robert Zemeckis to write the HBO Max streaming series Tooned Out. In 2024, Stern was set to produce the animated adaptation of The Cat in the Hat (2026). Filmography Feature films Producer only Storks (2016, executive) It Happened in L.A. (2017) Smallfoot (2018, executive) The Cat in the Hat (2026) Creative consultant The Lego Batman Movie (2017) The Lego Ninjago Movie (2017) The Lego Movie 2: The Second Part (2019) Television References External links 21st-century American male writers 21st-century American screenwriters American film directors American male screenwriters Living people Place of birth missing (living people) Year of birth missing (living people) Warner Bros. Discovery people Warner Bros. people Warner Bros. Cartoons people Warner Bros. Animation people", "title": "Jared Stern" }, { "docid": "15726781", "text": "Jeff Zatkoff (born June 9, 1987) is an American professional ice hockey goaltender who is currently an unrestricted free agent who most recently played for the Straubing Tigers of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL). Playing career As a youth, Zatkoff played in the 2001 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with the Detroit Little Caesars minor ice hockey team. College Zatkoff was drafted in the third round of the 2006 NHL Entry Draft, 74th overall, by the Los Angeles Kings after playing collegiately for the Miami University Redhawks. Zatkoff was named CCHA All-Conference Team honorable mention in 2006–07 as a sophomore. He was also named Rookie of the Year in 2005–06 as a freshman for the Redhawks, starting 20 games and helping lead the team to a regular-season CCHA Conference title. Professional Los Angeles Kings On April 10, 2008, Zatkoff signed a three-year entry-level contract with the Los Angeles Kings. Zatkoff was also signed to an amateur try-out agreement with the Ontario Reign on April 11, 2008. He made his professional debut with the Reign, appearing in 37 games during the 2008–09 season. Zatkoff played for the Manchester Monarchs through the 2011–12 season. Pittsburgh Penguins Zatkoff signed a two-year contract with the Pittsburgh Penguins on July 1, 2012. On March 28, 2013, Zatkoff was recalled by Pittsburgh to be a backup for Tomas Vokoun for a game against the Winnipeg Jets due to a neck injury suffered by Marc-André Fleury. Vokoun played the entire game and Zatkoff was returned to Wilkes-Barre the following day when doctors cleared Fleury to return. Zatkoff and teammate Brad Thiessen were awarded with the Harry \"Hap\" Holmes Memorial Award at the conclusion of the 2012–13 AHL season. The Hap Holmes Award is given to the goaltender(s) who play at least 25 games for the team that allows the fewest goals against over the course of the season. Zatkoff was expected to spend the 2013–14 season with the Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins. However, a blood clot suffered by Vokoun meant that Zatkoff started the season backing up Pittsburgh starter Marc-André Fleury. On October 11, 2013, Zatkoff made his NHL debut, making 24 saves in a 6–3 loss to the Florida Panthers. His first NHL victory was a 3–0 shutout of the Blue Jackets in Columbus on November 2, 2013. On April 13, 2016, Zatkoff started Game 1 of the Penguins' first round series against the New York Rangers. Regular starter Marc-André Fleury was out with a concussion and backup Matt Murray was also in concussion protocol. Zatkoff made 35 saves on 37 shots and was named the game's second star, helping the Penguins to a 5–2 win. After a loss in Game 2, Zatkoff was replaced by Murray, who remained in net for the rest of the playoffs despite Fleury's eventual return to the lineup. The Penguins eventually won the Stanley Cup on June 12, 2016, against the San Jose Sharks; the victory earned him a Stanley Cup ring, his name on the Cup and the nickname \"Mr. Game", "title": "Jeff Zatkoff" }, { "docid": "72720638", "text": "The Kuhn-Popper debate was a debate surrounding research methods and the advancement of scientific knowledge. In 1965, at the University of London's International Colloquium in the Philosophy of Science, Thomas Kuhn and Karl Popper engaged in a debate that circled around three main areas of disagreement. These areas included the concept of a scientific method, the specific behaviors and practices of scientists, and the differentiation between scientific knowledge and other forms of knowledge. Background Thomas Kuhn Thomas Kuhn (1922–1996) was born into a world of technological and scientific advancement. Working as a historian and philosopher of science at MIT, Kuhn published The Structure of Scientific Revolutions in 1962, proposing a theory for classifying generational knowledge under frameworks known as paradigms. Paradigms being, \"an accepted model or pattern\", when upturned, \"what were ducks in the scientist's world before the revolution are rabbits afterwards.\" Karl Popper Karl Popper (1902–1994) was born into a world of dogmatism and ideology amidst totalitarianism and WW2. As a Jew at the University of Vienna, Popper had fled to New Zealand taking up professorship at the University of Canterbury. Here, he had begun to write The Poverty of Historicism (1957) and The Open Society and Its Enemies (1945) the day the Nazis stormed Austria. Both works are critical analyses of methodologies within the social sciences. However beyond the social sciences, Popper was also a physicist who lived amidst the second quantum revolution. Such a time proceeded through bold ideas and questions (a time which Kuhn identified as revolutionary science.) This background inspired Popper to produce methodological ways of knowing based upon critical rationalism, producing the concept of falsifiability. Because of Kuhn and Poppers different contexts, the two proposed starkly different theories on the growth of knowledge. However, it is recognized that the two shared similar fan bases and still agreed on most areas of contention within the sciences. Debate Argument Karl Popper and Thomas Kuhn's debate was largely sparked by the uptake in theories in psychology during the 1960's. Before the debate, Thomas Kuhn synthesized these theories to make a structure for how scientific revolutions progress in The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962). Karl Popper was a critical rationalist, who began his early studies in psychology under Adler, then later turned to physics and philosophy. Thomas Kuhn was a relativist and historian, who started his early studies in physics. Thomas Kuhn structured scientific research trends as the progression of paradigms and paradigm shifts. An example of a paradigm would be the geocentric model of the universe, a paradigm shift would when the heliocentric model began taking over due irrefutable evidence largely from Galileo Galilei, Johannes Kepler, and Issac Newton. In Kuhn's model, these three would be revolutionary scientists, because they changed the model. On the other hand, normal scientists are those who work under paradigms, and determine the smaller details of the theory as it goes on. Karl Popper did not support Kuhn's model, but understood its logic. Popper saw Kuhn's ideas as dangerous because they created", "title": "Kuhn–Popper debate" }, { "docid": "18102411", "text": "The Moor of Peter the Great (, The Blackamoor of Peter the Great or The Negro of Peter the Great) is an unfinished historical novel by Alexander Pushkin. Written in 1827–1828 and first published in 1837, the novel is the first prose work of the great Russian poet. Background Pushkin started to work on the novel towards the end of July, 1827 in Mikhailovskoye and in spring 1828 read some drafts to his friends, including poet Pyotr Vyazemsky. During Pushkin's lifetime, two fragments were published: in the literary almanac Severnye Tsvety (1829) and in the newspaper Literaturnaya Gazeta (March 1830). All the extant parts were first published after Pushkin's death by the editors of the journal Sovremennik in 1837, who also gave the novel its current title. The main character of the novel, Ibrahim, is loosely based on Pushkin's maternal great-grandfather, Abram Petrovich Gannibal, a black African who was brought to Russia during the reign of Peter the Great. Pushkin's interests in history and genealogy combined to depict the transformation of Russia at the beginning of 18th century; the period of Russian history to which Pushkin returns in the narrative poem Poltava in 1829. The influential Russian literary critic Vissarion Belinsky maintained that \"had this novel been completed... we should have a supreme Russian historical novel, depicting the manners and customs of the greatest epoch of Russian history.\" Plot summary The novel opens with a picture of morals and manners of the French society of the first quarter of 18th century; with the Moor's life in Paris, his success in French society, and his love affair with a French countess. But \"summoned both by Peter and by his own vague sense of duty\" Ibrahim returns to Russia. The following chapters, full of historical color and antiquarianism, sketch the different strata of the Russian society: ball at the Winter Palace and boyars' dinner at the boyar Gavrila Rzhevsky's place. The latter is interrupted by the arrival of the Tsar, who wants to marry Ibrahim to the Gavrila's daughter, Natalia. Adaptations 1961 – The Blackamoor of Peter the Great, opera, by Arthur Lourie 1976 – How Czar Peter the Great Married Off His Moor, film, USSR, directed by Alexander Mitta, starring Vladimir Vysotsky. Translation history 1875 – The Moor of Peter the Great (translated by Mrs. J. Buchan Telfer) in Russian Romance, London: H. S. King. 1892 – Peter the Great’s Negro (transl. by Mrs. Sutherland Edwards) in The Queen of Spades and Other Stories, London: Chapman & Hall. 1896 – Peter the Great’s Negro (translated by T. Keane) in The Prose Tales of A. Pushkin, London: G. Bell and Sons. 1933 – Peter the Great’s Negro (transl. by Natalie Duddington) in The Captain’s Daughter and Other Tales, London: J. M. Dent & Sons, (Everyman's Library). 1960 – The Negro of Peter the Great (transl. by Rosemary Edmonds) in The Queen of Spades and Other Stories, London: Penguin, (Penguin Classics). 1962 – The Negro of Peter the Great (transl. by Gillon Aitken)", "title": "The Moor of Peter the Great" }, { "docid": "2608248", "text": "Mr. Popper's Penguins is a children's book written by Richard and Florence Atwater, with illustrations by Robert Lawson, originally published in 1938. It tells the story of a poor house painter named Mr. Popper and his family, who live in the small town of Stillwater in the 1930s. The Poppers unexpectedly come into possession of a penguin, Captain Cook. The Poppers then receive a female penguin from the zoo, who mates with Captain Cook to have 10 baby penguins. Before long, something must be done, lest the penguins eat the Poppers out of house and home. Plot Mr. Popper is a house painter of modest means, living with his wife and two children (Bill and Janie) in the small town of Stillwater, Minnesota. He has a happy life. However, he is also a restless dreamer, spending his time reading of famous explorers in faraway places. One day, the Popper family tunes in to a radio broadcast by an Admiral exploring polar regions. Mr. Popper had previously sent the Admiral fan mail, and the Admiral promises Mr. Popper a surprise. The surprise turns out to be a penguin, which comes in a large box. Mr. Popper names the penguin \"Captain Cook\" after the famous James Cook. Mr. Popper cleans out the icebox so that the penguin can sleep inside. As time goes by, the Poppers find that Captain Cook is growing larger, but his health is failing. Mr. Popper writes to the curator of a large aquarium, asking for help. The curator replies that the aquarium has a female penguin who unfortunately, is also experiencing the same symptoms, and he suggests that perhaps the penguins are simply lonely. Soon after, the Poppers receive their second penguin in the mail. Mr. Popper names the second penguin Greta and the pair of penguins are revitalized by each other's presence. As both birds cannot fit into the icebox together, Mr. Popper opens the window to let in the cold winter air, creating a snow-covered habitat. As this solution will not work in springtime, Mr. Popper has the main things moved upstairs and a freezing plant installed in the basement for the birds. This makes for happy penguins, but strains the family budget. As time passes, Greta lays eggs. She continues laying a new egg every three days until the total reaches ten. As penguins do not normally lay so many eggs, Mr. Popper attributes this to the change in climate the birds have experienced. When the eggs hatch, the Popper family now has twelve penguins to feed, and the contractor is looking for payment on the household changes. Mr. Popper decides to raise money by training the twelve penguins and turning them into a circus act. The act debuts at the local theater, and soon the \"Popper's Performing Penguins\" are featured throughout the country. But in the theater in New York City, the penguins cause trouble; what's worse, they have inadvertently shown up at the wrong theater. The frustrated manager of that theater has", "title": "Mr. Popper's Penguins" }, { "docid": "24232395", "text": "Marci Liroff (born February 3, 1958) is a casting director, intimacy coordinator and acting coach based in Los Angeles, California, known for her work in film and television. Early career After attending the University of Denver, Liroff began her career in 1977 as an assistant to the VP of International Distribution for Dimension Pictures, where she learned about the marketing, sales and distribution of films—especially blaxploitation films (Black Shampoo, Dolemite, Dr. Black and Mr. Hyde, Dixie Dynamite – and assisted in selling the rights to such pictures all over the world. A year later, Liroff became the assistant to a television agent at International Creative Management (ICM) in Los Angeles. While there, Liroff placed ICM clients on such shows as Happy Days, Mork and Mindy, WKRP in Cincinnati, Soap, Barney Miller, All in the Family, and Maude. In 1979, Liroff started working with casting directors Mike Fenton and Jane Feinberg of Fenton-Feinberg Casting. Liroff started as Fenton's assistant and worked on movies such as Raiders of the Lost Ark, and History of the World, Part I. She earned credit as a casting director on E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, Porky's, Poltergeist, Blade Runner, A Christmas Story, and Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom. A chance meeting between producer Craig Zadan and Steven Spielberg resulted in Spielberg's recommendation of Liroff to cast Zadan's upcoming Footloose. Liroff would go on to cast such films as St. Elmo's Fire, Pretty in Pink, The Cutting Edge, Mannequin, Jack Frost, The Iron Giant, Insomnia, Freaky Friday, Gothika, Mean Girls, The Spiderwick Chronicles , \"Ghosts of Girlfriends Past\" and Mr. Popper's Penguins. She associate-produced and cast Untamed Heart and The Crush, and co-produced and cast The Spitfire Grill, which won the \"Audience Award\" at The Sundance Film Festival in 1996. Liroff was a state witness in the New York rape trial of Harvey Weinstein in 2020. As the casting director of the 2014 Weinstein-produced film Vampire Academy, she testified about Weinstein staging a sham audition with Jessica Mann, one of the star witnesses in the case. Coaching In 2009, Liroff started private coaching of actors and created an Audition Boot Camp, in which she teaches the fundamentals of auditioning. Liroff is also a writer for Backstage Magazine. Guild affiliations \"The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences\" \"The Academy of Television Arts and Sciences\" \"Teamsters 399\" \"Casting Society of America\" National Board Member Filmography (casting) Films \"Magic Camp\" (2017) \"Myrna\" (2015) \"The Sublime and Beautiful\" (2014) \"Vampire Academy\" (2014) \"Mr. Popper's Penguins\" (2010) Ghosts of Girlfriends Past (2009) The Spiderwick Chronicles (2008) Full of It (2007) Just Like Heaven (2005) Land of the Dead (2005) New York Minute (2004) Mean Girls (2004) View from the Top (2003) Gothika (2003) Freaky Friday (2003) Insomnia (2002) Hardball (2001) Summer Catch (2001) Cats & Dogs (2001) Ready to Rumble (2000) The Iron Giant (1999) Jack Frost (1998) The Spitfire Grill (1996) The Tie That Binds (1995) It Runs in the Family (1994) The Crush (1993) Untamed Heart (1993) FernGully: The", "title": "Marci Liroff" }, { "docid": "3873399", "text": "The Madagascar Penguins in a Christmas Caper is a 2005 American animated short film produced by DreamWorks Animation and PDI/DreamWorks and distributed by DreamWorks Pictures. Directed by animation veteran Gary Trousdale, produced by Teresa Cheng, and written by Michael Lachance, it stars the voice cast of Tom McGrath, Chris Miller, Christopher Knights, John DiMaggio, Elisa Gabrielli, and Bill Fagerbakke. Set before the events of the first Madagascar, the 12-minute Madagascar spin-off features the adventures of four penguins, sometimes known as the Madagascar Penguins, who live in the Central Park Zoo and are trained as spies. When Private is captured by Nana by wanting to find a present for Ted during his absence, the other three penguins, Skipper, Kowalski, and Rico, must rescue Private from Nana's apartment, while making last-minute preparations for Christmas at the Central Park Zoo. The music in the short film is scored by James Dooley. The Madagascar Penguins in a Christmas Caper premiered in theaters on October 7, 2005, along with the stop-motion film Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit, and then became a bonus feature on the Madagascar DVD shortly afterwards on November 15. Plot On Christmas Eve, at Central Park Zoo in New York City, the youngest penguin on the team, Private, is looking around the zoo using the periscope which is decorated as a snowman. While most of the animals seem happy, a polar bear named Ted is all alone. Private therefore decides that a present would cheer up the polar bear, though his fellow penguins don't share the same sentiment. Determined to find Ted's present, Private slips out of the zoo. While roaming the streets of Manhattan, he is captured by Nana who mistakes him for a chew toy for her vicious dog, Mr. Chew. The other three penguins, Skipper, Kowalski, and Rico, set out to rescue Private from Nana's apartment when they discover Private's absence (only when they were going over everything before eating). They escalate into chaos against Mr. Chew, all-the-while, not noticed by Nana, who is occupied watching a football game. When they are done, they stuff Mr. Chew into a stocking. Before leaving, Skipper let Rico detonate the door with a stick of dynamite (which Rico had repeatedly attempted to use prior), finally attracting Nana's attention who ends up punishing Mr. Chew with a big time-out, thinking what the penguins did to her apartment was Mr. Chew's doing. Returning to the Central Park Zoo, they invite Ted to their home, but Ted already had invited several other guests, resulting in a massive sing-a-long to a parody of Jingle Bells. Voice cast Tom McGrath as Skipper Chris Miller as Kowalski Christopher Knights as Private John DiMaggio as Rico Elisa Gabrielli as Nana (credited as Old Lady) Bill Fagerbakke as Ted the polar bear Sean Bishop as the Doorman/TV Announcer Frank Welker as Mr. Chew Additional voices include Hope Levy, Rif Hutton, Richard Miro, Mitch Carter, Lynnanne Zager Soundtrack The original music for the short was composed by James", "title": "The Madagascar Penguins in a Christmas Caper" }, { "docid": "32900595", "text": "Captain James Cook (1728–1779) was a British explorer, navigator, and mapmaker. Captain Cook may also refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Captain Cook (book), a 1972 book by Alistair MacLean \"Captain Cook\" (Blackadder), an episode of the British TV series Blackadder Goes Forth Captain Cook, the first penguin in the children's book Mr. Popper's Penguins People Alastair Cook (born 1984), English cricketer Ephraim Cook (mariner) (1737–1821) Henry Cooke (composer) (c. 1616 – 1672), also known as Captain Cook, English composer, choirmaster and singer Samuel H. Cook, Union officer of the American Civil War Fictional characters Jesse Pinkman, alias and license plate \"CAPNCOOK\" Places Captain Cook, Hawaii, a town in Hawaii, U.S. Captain Cook State Recreation Area, a state park on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, U.S. Captain Cook Bridge, New South Wales, Australia Captain Cook Bridge, Brisbane, Australia Ships Captain Cook (1826 ship) Other uses Callistemon 'Captain Cook', a plant cultivar The Hotel Captain Cook, a hotel in Anchorage, Alaska built by Wally Hickel See also Captain Hook (disambiguation)", "title": "Captain Cook (disambiguation)" }, { "docid": "6648261", "text": "The Batman/Superman Hour is a Filmation animated series that was broadcast on CBS from 1968 to 1969. Premiering on September 14, 1968, this 60-minute program featured new adventures of the DC Comics superheroes Batman, Robin and Batgirl alongside shorts from The New Adventures of Superman and The Adventures of Superboy. Series overview This series marked the animation debut of Batman, his supporting cast and some of their classic enemies like Joker, Penguin, Riddler, Catwoman, Mr. Freeze, Scarecrow, Mad Hatter, and some villains exclusive to the series. The success of The Superman/Aquaman Hour of Adventure in 1967 had prompted Filmation to produce a Metamorpho pilot and begin development on other similar series. These plans were cancelled when CBS secured the animation rights to Batman in the wake of ABC's recent success with the Batman live action television series. Going into production close to the start of the 1968 TV season, what would become The Batman/Superman Hour required Filmation to pull as many additional animators from other projects as they could spare to ramp up production. This series was the first time Olan Soule and Casey Kasem performed as the voices of Batman and Robin. When The New Adventures of Batman was produced in 1977, Adam West and Burt Ward reprised the roles they had originally played in the live action TV series. Soule and Kasem would return several times to reprise their roles in 1972's The New Scooby-Doo Movies, 1973's Super Friends, 1977's The All-New Super Friends Hour, 1978's Challenge of the Superfriends, 1979's The World's Greatest Super Friends, and starting in 1980 Soule voiced the character in the 7 minute shorter episodes that were produced through 1983. These 1980–1983 episodes aired under the generic Super Friends title. Kasem would go on to voice Robin with Adam West as Batman in 1984's Super Friends: The Legendary Super Powers Show and 1985's The Super Powers Team: Galactic Guardians. In 1969, the series was repackaged into 30-minute episodes without the Superman segments and renamed Batman with Robin the Boy Wonder. Batman would next appear in The New Adventures of Batman in 1977. In 1985, Warner Home Video released five selected episodes of the series on VHS as part of the \"Super Powers\" video collection. These videos were re-released in 1996 and are out of print. In 1996, episodes were included in The Superman/Batman Adventures on the USA Network. They later aired on the Cartoon Network and Boomerang. Episodes The Superman portion of the program consisted of new 6-minute shorts from Filmation's The New Adventures of Superman and The Adventures of Superboy. The Batman half of The Batman/Superman Hour consisted of new shorts. One story was presented in two 6 minute segments and one story in a single 6 minute segment. Thirty-four stories were produced. Cast Olan Soule as Batman, Alfred Pennyworth Casey Kasem as Robin, Chief O'Hara, Mayor of Gotham City, Additional Voices Jane Webb as Batgirl, Catwoman Ted Knight as Narrator (Batman and Superboy segments), James Gordon, Penguin, Riddler, Mr. Freeze, Scarecrow,", "title": "The Batman/Superman Hour" }, { "docid": "2784338", "text": "Robert Lawson (October 4, 1892 – May 27, 1957) was an American writer and illustrator of children's books. He won the Caldecott Medal for his illustrations in They Were Strong and Good in 1941 and the Newbery award for his short story for Rabbit Hill in 1945. Background Born in New York City, Lawson spent his early life in Montclair, New Jersey. Following high school, he studied art for three years under illustrator Howard Giles (an advocate of dynamic symmetry as conceived by Jay Hambidge) at the New York School of Fine and Applied Art (now Parsons School of Design), marrying fellow artist and illustrator Marie Abrams in 1922. His career as an illustrator began in 1914, when his illustration for a poem about the invasion of Belgium was published in Harper's Weekly. He went on to publish in other magazines, including the Ladies Home Journal, Everybody's Magazine, Century Magazine, Vogue, and Designer. Camouflage service During World War I, Lawson was a member of the first U.S. Army camouflage unit, the American Camouflage Corps, in which he served in France with fellow artists Barry Faulkner, Sherry Edmundson Fry, William Twigg-Smith and Kerr Eby (Behrens 2009). In his autobiography, Faulkner recalls that Lawson had a remarkable \"sense of fantasy and humor\", which made him especially valuable when the camoufleurs put on musical shows for the children of the French women who worked with them on camouflage (Faulkner 1957). Children's books After the war, Lawson resumed his work as an artist, and in 1922, illustrated his first children's book, The Wonderful Adventures of Little Prince Toofat. Subsequently, he illustrated dozens of children's books by other authors, including such well-known titles as The Story of Ferdinand (1936) by Munro Leaf and Mr. Popper's Penguins (1938) by Richard and Florence Atwater. In total, he illustrated as many as 40 books by other writers and 17 others that he wrote himself. These latter works included They Were Strong and Good (1940) (which won the Caldecott Medal in 1941), Ben and Me: An Astonishing Life of Benjamin Franklin by His Good Mouse Amos (1939) (which earned a Lewis Carroll Shelf Award in 1961), and Rabbit Hill (1944) (which won the Newbery Award in 1945). The Story of Ferdinand (which Lawson illustrated) was adapted into Ferdinand the Bull by Walt Disney Productions in 1938. Ben and Me: An Astonishing Life of Benjamin Franklin by His Good Mouse Amos was adapted into the animated short Ben and Me in 1953 by Walt Disney Productions. Lawson was a witty and inventive writer, and his children's fiction is also engaging for adults. One of his inventive themes was the idea of a person's life as seen through the eyes of a companion animal, an approach that he first realized in Ben and Me. Some of his later books employed the same device (which was compatible with his style of illustration) to other figures, such as Christopher Columbus (I Discover Columbus) and Paul Revere (Mr. Revere and I). Captain Kidd's Cat,", "title": "Robert Lawson (author)" }, { "docid": "30968221", "text": "John William Nevill Watkins (31 July 1924 – 26 July 1999) was an English philosopher, a professor at the London School of Economics from 1966 until his retirement in 1989 and a prominent proponent of critical rationalism. Life In 1952, Watkins married Micky Roe (one son, three daughters). Military service In 1941, aged 17, Watkins passed out in the First Division from the Royal Naval College at Dartmouth and went straight into the wartime Navy. He served in destroyers, escorting Russian convoys and the battleship carrying Churchill back from Marrakech. In 1944 he was decorated with the DSC for torpedoing a German destroyer off the French coast, part of an action which defeated the only remaining surface force that might have interfered with the Normandy landings. Academic career Reading Friedrich Hayek's The Road to Serfdom (1944) on his destroyer aroused his interest in attending the LSE where Hayek taught. A First in Political Science and a prize-winning essay won him a Henry Ford Fellowship to Yale, where he graduated MA in 1950. Then he returned to the LSE as assistant lecturer in political science. Watkins had attended Karl Popper's lectures at the LSE in logic and scientific method \"and had fallen under his spell\". 1958 he shifted from the Government Department to Popper's, being appointed Reader in Philosophy. Imre Lakatos joined them in 1960. Watkins and Lakatos edited the British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, and Watkins was President of the British Society for the Philosophy of Science from 1972 until 1975. When Popper retired in 1970, Watkins took over his chair. After his retirement in 1989, Watkins played a leading role in establishing the Lakatos Award in the Philosophy of Science as the pre-eminent scholarly distinction in the field, honouring his former colleague Imre Lakatos who had died, aged only 51, in 1974. On 26 July 1999, eleven weeks after completing his book Human Freedom after Darwin, Watkins died of a heart attack while sailing his boat, Xantippe, on the Salcombe estuary, South Devon, England. He is buried in the eastern section of Highgate Cemetery not far from the main entrance on the northern path. Philosophical work That metaphysical propositions can influence scientific theorizing is indeed, arguably, Watkins' most lasting contribution to philosophy. He introduced a distinction between confirmable and influential metaphysics. According to Fred D'Agostino: In 1965 Watkins published Hobbes's System of Ideas, in which he argued that Thomas Hobbes's political theory follows from his philosophical ideas. At an international symposium on Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge held in London in 1965, Watkins replied to a paper in which Thomas S. Kuhn had compared his own theory of scientific revolutions with Popper's falsificationism. He saw a clash between: \"[Kuhn's view of the scientific community] as an essentially closed society, intermittently shaken by collective nervous breakdowns followed by restored mental unison, and Popper's view that the scientific community ought to be, and to a considerable degree actually is, an open society in which no theory, however dominant", "title": "John W. N. Watkins" }, { "docid": "13049227", "text": "Hello Friend, sometimes written as Hello, Friend, is a 2003 short comedy horror film directed by Graham Linehan and written by Linehan and Robert Popper. The film was Linehan's directorial debut. The film stars Martin Savage as a man, John Ward, but credited as the \"Subject\", who buys some new internet software for his computer, which begins to take over his life. The film was produced by The Film Council, Film4 Productions and Shine Limited. Plot The Subject (who is referred to as Mr Ward by the company and John by his wife - John Ward) one day receives an email advertising a product called \"Praemus\", described as \"The cheaper, faster and better way of using the internet.\" After the Subject buys Praemus, he advises his friends to get it also. He also notices the mysterious connection unit, which helps the user to connect to his computer by sticking to it. The Subject then sends an email complaining about Praemus. He complains that the unit claims he was online for 200 hours in a week, and other various problems with his computer, such as his monitor vibrating, blasts of static electricity and his screen shutting down, meaning he has to send his email from an internet cafe. The Subject gets an email back saying that this is the first time the Praemus system has done this, and that he should try turning the computer off and on again. However, unknown to him, there is no one working in the Praemus office. The Subject responds by saying he does not know how to turn the system off. His friend, who normally helps him with his computer, is reluctant to get involved. Later, other problems begin to develop for the Subject, as his cat goes missing. Praemus send another complicated email explaining what to do. Whilst he reads the manual and email explaining it, his daughter begins to play with matches. The Subject then responds again saying that he tried to remove the unit, but he got badly burned when he touched the glowing Praemus logo. He continues to complain that the company keeps sending him bills, despite the fact they are not helping him. The Subject then begins to have nightmares about the unit. Praemus then send an email saying that if he damages the unit, it will result in legal action. The Subject says that they were the ones who told him to interfere with the unit. He then goes on to say that there was some sort of \"drinking sound\" coming from the unit. Later, the unit tries to connect with his head and sell him Praemus Life Insurance. The Subject then goes on to explain that the other units are harming the friends to whom he recommended the Praemus service. Their hands also get burned and their units also start moving. However, The Subject buys the Praemus Life Insurance. His wife leaves a note on the computer monitor in an envelope with \"John\" written on it. The note", "title": "Hello Friend" }, { "docid": "7098315", "text": "John Clark Donatelli (born November 22, 1965) is an American former professional ice hockey player and is the former head coach of the AHL's Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins. Donatelli was a long-time minor league player in the American Hockey League (AHL) and International Hockey League (IHL). He played 35 games in the National Hockey League (NHL). Internationally Donatelli played for the American national team at several World Championships, the 1988 and 1992 Winter Olympics. Playing career Donatelli was drafted in the fifth round, 98th overall, in the 1984 NHL Entry Draft by the New York Rangers. After three seasons with Boston University and one with the U.S. national team, Donatelli made his NHL debut with the Minnesota North Stars during the 1989–90 season. Donatelli played a full season with the International Hockey League's San Diego Gulls in 1990–91, and joined the NHL's Boston Bruins briefly in the 1991–92 season. After several seasons in the IHL and American Hockey League, as well as one in Roller Hockey International with the San Diego Barracudas, Donatelli retired in 1996. Coaching career After retiring, Donatelli took up coaching and eventually was named head coach of the Wheeling Nailers in the ECHL during the 2011–12 season. During the 2015–16 season, the Nailers' American Hockey League affiliate Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins promoted him as the interim head coach as their head coach, Mike Sullivan, had been promoted to Pittsburgh Penguins. He became the permanent head coach of the WBS Penguins after the season ended. On June 28, 2019, it was announced that Donatelli had resigned from his position as head coach of the WBS Penguins due to personal reasons, including alleged sexual assault of Erin Skalde, the wife of his assistant coach Jarrod Skalde. Donatelli had a record of 154–94–20–9 with Wilkes-Barre/Scranton, leading the Penguins to three Calder Cup Playoff appearances and a regular season title in 2016–17. Sexual assault allegation In a lawsuit filed on November 3, 2020, former Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins' assistant coach Jarrod Skalde alleged that Donatelli, who was his boss at the time, sexually assaulted his wife Erin during a team road trip in Providence, Rhode Island on November 11, 2018. According to the lawsuit, Donatelli pulled Erin closer and called her \"sexy\" in a restaurant after her husband left for the bathroom. When asked to stop, Donatelli allegedly instead reached under her clothing and began touching her breasts. On the car ride home, Donatelli insisted that Jarrod sit in the front seat while he sat in the back with Erin. Donatelli then allegedly began touching her breasts again, while also reaching into her pants to touch her vagina. After his wife told him what had happened, Jarrod Skalde confronted his boss on May 15, 2019, according to the lawsuit. Donatelli claimed he was too drunk to remember what he had done, but later apologized to the Skaldes for his behaviour. According to the lawsuit, \"Donatelli pledged to Mr. and Mrs. Skalde that he would change his ways, seek help, and come forward to the Penguins' assistant", "title": "Clark Donatelli" }, { "docid": "24756137", "text": "The Help is a historical fiction novel by American author Kathryn Stockett published by Penguin Books in 2009. The story is about African Americans working in white households in Jackson, Mississippi, during the early 1960s. A USA Today article called it one of the \"summer sleeper hits.\" An early review in The New York Times notes Stockett's \"affection and intimacy buried beneath even the most seemingly impersonal household connections,\" and says the book is a \"button-pushing, soon to be wildly popular novel.\" The Atlanta Journal-Constitution said of the book: \"This heartbreaking story is a stunning début from a gifted talent.\" Stockett began writing the novel — her first — after the September 11 attacks. It took her five years to complete and was rejected by 60 literary agents, over a period of three years, before agent Susan Ramer agreed to represent Stockett. The Help has since been published in 35 countries and three languages. As of August 2011, it had sold seven million copies in print and audiobook editions, and spent more than 100 weeks on The New York Times Best Seller list. The Help'''s audiobook version is narrated by Jenna Lamia, Bahni Turpin, Octavia Spencer, and Cassandra Campbell. Spencer was Stockett's original inspiration for the character of Minny, and also plays her in the film adaptation. Plot summaryThe Help is set in the early 1960s in Jackson, Mississippi, and told primarily from the first-person perspectives of three women: Aibileen Clark, Minny Jackson, and Eugenia \"Skeeter\" Phelan. Aibileen is a maid who takes care of children and cleans. Her own 24-year-old son, Treelore, died from an accident on his job. In the story, she is tending the Leefolt household and caring for their toddler, Mae Mobley. Minny is Aibileen's friend who frequently tells her employers what she thinks of them, resulting in her having been fired from nineteen jobs. Minny's most recent employer was Mrs. Walters, mother of Hilly Holbrook. Skeeter is the daughter of a wealthy white family who owns Longleaf, a cotton farm and formerly a plantation, outside Jackson. Many of the field hands and household help are African Americans. Skeeter has just returned home after graduating from the University of Mississippi and wants to become a writer. Skeeter's mother wants her to get married and thinks her degree is just a pretty piece of paper. Skeeter is curious about the disappearance of Constantine, her maid who brought her up and cared for her. Constantine had written to Skeeter while she was away from home in college saying what a great surprise she had awaiting her when she came home. Skeeter's mother tells her that Constantine quit and went to live with relatives in Chicago. Skeeter does not believe that Constantine would leave her like this; she knows something is wrong and believes that information will eventually come out. Everyone Skeeter asks about the unexpected disappearance of Constantine pretends it never happened and avoids giving her any real answers. The life Constantine led while being the help to", "title": "The Help" }, { "docid": "21629777", "text": "Meenakshi Reddy Madhavan is an Indian blogger and writer who writes under the pseudonym eM on The Compulsive Confessor. Her first book, a semi-autobiographical book is You Are Here, was published by Penguin. She is the daughter of the Malayalam writer and former Indian Administrative Service officer N. S. Madhavan. Her mother Sheela Reddy is a journalist, a former editor of Indian magazine Outlook and author of Mr. and Mrs. Jinnah: The Marriage. Bibliography The One Who Swam with the Fishes (2017) Before, And Then After (2015) Split (2015) Cold Feet (2012) The Life & Times of Layla The Ordinary (2010) You are Here (2008) References External links The Compulsive Confessor Meenakshi Reddy Madhavan at Penguin India TEDxIIM Speech of Meenakshi Reddy Madhavan Indian bloggers Living people Indian women bloggers Women writers from Kerala Year of birth missing (living people) 21st-century pseudonymous writers Pseudonymous women writers", "title": "Meenakshi Reddy Madhavan" }, { "docid": "6418026", "text": "Richard and Florence Atwater co-authored the book Mr. Popper's Penguins, which won the 1939 Newbery Honor Award. Florence Florence Hasseltine Atwater (née Carroll; September 13, 1896 – August 23, 1979) was born in Chicago, the last child of Mary Josephine (\"Minnie\") Delany, a former concert pianist with the Philadelphia Conservatory, and James Carroll, a Philadelphia publisher. As Florence Carroll, she obtained her AB and MA in French literature at the University of Chicago (1920) where she was co-editor of The Chicago Literary Monthly, and student of Richard Atwater. They married in 1921 and had two children, Doris (1922–2000) and Carroll (1925–2013). After her husband's stroke in 1934, Florence Atwater started teaching high school French, English and Latin, and wrote short pieces for The New Yorker, Woman's Home Companion and The Atlantic. She submitted her husband's original version of Mr. Popper's Penguins to two different publishers but it met with no success. She rewrote parts of the book and the revised version was accepted by Little Brown and published in 1938 to great success. Mr. Popper's Penguins won the Newbery Honor Award in 1939 and the Lewis Carroll Shelf Award in 1958. It has been translated into many languages, and has never been out of print. In the summer of 2011, a movie of the same name was released. Richard Richard Tupper Atwater (December 29, 1892 – August 21, 1948) was a Chicago writer and classics professor at the University of Chicago. He is probably best known as the co-author, with his wife Florence, of the book Mr. Popper's Penguins. He contributed to the literary and arts magazine The Chicagoan and wrote for a number of newspapers, including the Chicago Evening Post, the Chicago Daily News, the Chicago Tribune, and the Herald-Examiner. He also taught Classical Greek at the University of Chicago. Atwater translated into English Procopius' Secret History, a 6th century story of Emperor Justinian and Empress Theodora. It was published in a limited edition of 760 copies by Pascal Covici in 1927 and reprinted by University of Michigan Press in 1961. Richard Atwater's other publications include Rickety Rhymes of Riq, a book of poetry published in 1925; Doris and the Trolls, a children's book published in 1931; and The King's Sneezes, A Children's Operetta with music by Jessie Thomas, in 1933. Richard Atwater suffered a stroke in 1934 which left him unable to speak or write. He had finished a manuscript of a book he called \"Ork! The Story of Mr. Popper's Penguins\", inspired by a documentary about Richard E. Byrd's Antarctic expedition that he had seen with his family in 1932. His wife Florence revised the book after he became disabled, and Mr. Popper's Penguins went on to become a children's classic. References Sources Bishop, Carroll Atwater & Katherine Elizabeth. Family history materials. External links Lesson plans for Mr. Popper's Penguins at WebEnglishTeacher.com Who's Who Chicago: Richard Atwater (under multiple headings) Florence Atwater at LC Authorities, with 4 records (1 work) American children's writers Married couples Writers from", "title": "Richard and Florence Atwater" }, { "docid": "69745376", "text": "John William Morris (born February 23, 1969) is an American film screenwriter and producer best known for his collaborations with director Sean Anders, including Spirited (2022), Daddy's Home (2015), and We're the Millers (2013). Career In 2005, he began his writing career by drafting the screenplay for the faux documentary film Never Been Thawed. In 2008, he co-wrote the raunchy comedy film Sex Drive. He co-wrote 2010's Hot Tub Time Machine and She's Out of My League. The following year, he wrote the family film Mr. Popper's Penguins. He gained notability from scripting the 2013 comedy film We're the Millers. In 2014, he drafted the comedy film sequels Horrible Bosses 2 and Dumb and Dumber To. He wrote the 2015 film Daddy's Home and its 2017 sequel. In 2018, he scripted the comedy film Instant Family. He co-wrote the Christmas film Spirited (2022). Filmography References External links Living people 1983 births American male screenwriters People from Salt Lake City Screenwriters from Utah", "title": "John Morris (filmmaker)" }, { "docid": "4880205", "text": "Save His Soul is the third studio album by American jam band Blues Traveler, released on April 6, 1993, by A&M Records. Track listing \">\" indicates a segue directly into the next track. \"Trina Magna\" (John Popper) – 5:49 \"Love and Greed\" (Chan Kinchla, Popper) – 4:14 \"Letter from a Friend\" (Popper, Bobby Sheehan) – 4:39 \"Believe Me\" (Kinchla, Popper) – 3:33 \"Go Outside and Drive\" > (Popper) – 4:50 \"Defense & Desire\" (Popper, Sheehan) – 3:58 \"Whoops\" (Popper) – 8:17 \"Manhattan Bridge\" (Kinchla) – 2:47 \"Love of My Life\" (Popper) – 5:39 \"NY Prophesie\" (Kinchla, Popper) – 4:35 \"Save His Soul\" (Brendan Hill) – 3:12 \"Bullshitter's Lament\" > (Popper) – 3:28 \"Conquer Me\" > (Popper, Sheehan) – 5:09 \"Fledgling\" (Popper) – 7:25 Personnel John Popper – vocals, harmonica, electric and 12-string acoustic guitars, Irish whistle, string arrangements Bobby Sheehan – bass guitar Brendan Hill – percussion, drums Chan Kinchla – electric and 12-string acoustic guitars Paul Shaffer – Hammond organ Avram Lavinsky – string arrangements Background vocals: Pamela Landrum Pat Bickham Cher Levis Mari Serpas Strings: Clay Ruede Mitchell Stern Roberta Cooper Ronald Carbone Jeff Carney Certifications Miscellaneous \"Letter from a Friend\" was written for Dave Graham, the son of famed music promoter Bill Graham, following his death in 1991. \"Defense and Desire\" is about the Nightingale Bar in Manhattan. Kyle Duke is the child featured on the album cover. In the liner notes, Popper is also listed as \"playing\" a 12-gauge shotgun and a 9 mm pistol; a gunshot is heard at the end of \"Save His Soul.\" References 1993 albums A&M Records albums Blues Traveler albums", "title": "Save His Soul" }, { "docid": "30129615", "text": "Mr. Popper's Penguins is a 2011 American family comedy film distributed by 20th Century Fox, loosely based on the 1938 children's book of the same name. It is directed by Mark Waters, produced by John Davis, co-produced by Davis Entertainment Company and Dune Entertainment, written by Sean Anders, John Morris and Jared Stern, and stars Jim Carrey in the title role. The film was originally slated for a release on August 12, 2011, but was moved up to June 17, 2011. The film received mixed reviews from critics and earned $187.3 million on a $55 million budget. Plot In an opening flashback, Thomas Popper Jr., is a child whose father traveled around the world during his childhood in the 1970s. Popper rarely sees his father, Thomas Sr., during his travels and communicates with him through shortwave radio. In the present day, Popper is now a divorced real estate entrepreneur and a father of two children, Janie and Billy. After returning home from work one day, Popper learns that his father has died during an adventure to Antarctica and, as per his will, has left him with a \"souvenir\" from his adventures in Antarctica. The following week, a crate containing a gentoo penguin, named Captain, appears at his door. Popper immediately becomes annoyed with the penguin and locks her in a bathroom before going to work. After Captain accidentally floods his apartment with bath water, Popper calls his father's organization asking to return the penguin, but, due to a miscommunication, ends up receiving a shipment of five more penguins named Loudy, Bitey, Stinky, Lovey, and Nimrod. Popper intends to give them away to the zoo, but changes his idea when his children think that the penguins are Billy's birthday present. An incensed Popper is forced to spend evenings taking care of the penguins and bribing the apartment clerk to not rat him out to the board, as pets are not allowed in the apartment. At one point, he receives an offer to take the penguins off his hands from Nat Jones, the antagonistic zookeeper at the New York Zoo, who warns him that the penguins won't survive at his house. Unknown to Popper, Jones also plans to trade the penguins for animals the zoo does not have. At work, Popper is given the task of buying Tavern on the Green, the only privately owned piece of real estate in Central Park that is an old restaurant where he used to eat with his father when he was a child. However, the restaurant's elderly owner, Selma Van Gundy, will only sell it to a person of true value. Popper has meetings with her, but due to him having to juggle them with taking care of the penguins, she begins to have some serious doubts about him. As time goes on, having the penguins around helps Popper become closer to his children. The penguins lay three eggs. Two eggs hatch, but one does not. Popper becomes obsessed with seeing the last egg hatch,", "title": "Mr. Popper's Penguins (film)" }, { "docid": "11351089", "text": "The propensity theory of probability is a probability interpretation in which the probability is thought of as a physical propensity, disposition, or tendency of a given type of situation to yield an outcome of a certain kind, or to yield a long-run relative frequency of such an outcome. Propensities are not relative frequencies, but purported causes of the observed stable relative frequencies. Propensities are invoked to explain why repeating a certain kind of experiment will generate a given outcome type at a persistent rate. Stable long-run frequencies are a manifestation of invariant single-case probabilities. Frequentists are unable to take this approach, since relative frequencies do not exist for single tosses of a coin, but only for large ensembles or collectives. These single-case probabilities are known as propensities or chances. In addition to explaining the emergence of stable relative frequencies, the idea of propensity is motivated by the desire to make sense of single-case probability attributions in quantum mechanics, such as the probability of decay of a particular atom at a particular moment. History A propensity theory of probability was given by Charles Sanders Peirce. Karl Popper A later propensity theory was proposed by philosopher Karl Popper, who had only slight acquaintance with the writings of Charles S. Peirce, however. Popper noted that the outcome of a physical experiment is produced by a certain set of \"generating conditions\". When we repeat an experiment, as the saying goes, we really perform another experiment with a (more or less) similar set of generating conditions. To say that a set of generating conditions G has propensity p of producing the outcome E means that those exact conditions, if repeated indefinitely, would produce an outcome sequence in which E occurred with limiting relative frequency p. Thus the propensity p for E to occur depends upon G:. For Popper then, a deterministic experiment would have propensity 0 or 1 for each outcome, since those generating conditions would have the same outcome on each trial. In other words, non-trivial propensities (those that differ from 0 and 1) imply something less than determinism and yet still causal dependence on the generating conditions. Recent work A number of other philosophers, including David Miller and Donald A. Gillies, have proposed propensity theories somewhat similar to Popper's, in that propensities are defined in terms of either long-run or infinitely long-run relative frequencies. Other propensity theorists (e.g. Ronald Giere) do not explicitly define propensities at all, but rather see propensity as defined by the theoretical role it plays in science. They argue, for example, that physical magnitudes such as electrical charge cannot be explicitly defined either, in terms of more basic things, but only in terms of what they do (such as attracting and repelling other electrical charges). In a similar way, propensity is whatever fills the various roles that physical probability plays in science. Other theories have been offered by D. H. Mellor, and Ian Hacking. Ballentine developed an axiomatic propensity theory building on the work of Paul Humphreys. They show", "title": "Propensity probability" }, { "docid": "27134961", "text": "Ophelia Lucy Lovibond (born 19 February 1986) is an English actress. She is known for her roles as Carina in the film Guardians of the Galaxy, Izzy Gould in the BBC's W1A, Joyce Prigger in Starz's Minx, and Kitty Winter in CBS's Elementary. Early life and education Ophelia Lovibond grew up in Shepherd's Bush, London, in a single-parent family. Her mother worked as a chartered psychologist at Wormwood Scrubs Prison. She has a brother and a sister. Lovibond attended Latymer Upper School on a scholarship. She also attended the Young Blood theatre company, a youth drama club, in Hammersmith. She graduated from the University of Sussex with a degree in English Literature in 2008. Acting career Television Lovibond's first television appearance was at the age of 12 in the Channel 4 sitcom The Wilsons. She said she lied about her age to win the role. She appeared in Elliot Hegarty’s FM and the British period drama Heartbeat. She also played Izzy Gould in the BBC satire W1A. Lovibond was a regular on season 3 of Elementary as Sherlock's new apprentice, Kitty Winter. She also made an appearance in episodes 15 and 16 of season 5, as well as in season 7. In 2016, she played the role of Lady Alexandra Lindo-Parker in Sky1 series Hooten & The Lady. She appeared in a guest role in the 2019 series Whiskey Cavalier as MI6 agent Emma Davies. She stars as Joyce Prigger in the HBO/STARZ comedy series Minx. She also appeared as Rachel in the first episode, \"Sardines\", of the first series of the British black comedy anthology series Inside No. 9. In 2022, Lovibond played Carrie Symonds in the TV series This England. Film Lovibond made her film debut in Roman Polanski's Oliver Twist in 2005. She had a part in the John Lennon biopic Nowhere Boy. She played a leading role in the film 4.3.2.1, and had roles in the 2011 films London Boulevard, No Strings Attached and Mr. Popper's Penguins. Lovibond played Teri in the BFI/BBC film based on the award winning novel, 8 Minutes Idle, and Carina, The Collector's slave, in the 2014 film Guardians of the Galaxy. Radio BBC Radio 4 Lobby Land (Series 1, June 2018). Theatre In 2015, Lovibond made her professional stage debut in the revival of Lucy Prebble's The Effect, directed by Daniel Evans. The following year, she appeared as Elizabeth Barry in Stephen Jeffreys' The Libertine at London's Theatre Royal Haymarket. In 2017, she played Lois, the eponymous character, in Githa Sowerby's The Stepmother. She played Lou in Barney Norris’s 2018 play Nightfall and starred in the revival of David Hare's The Bay at Nice. Others Lovibond appeared in Gabrielle Aplin's February 2013 music video \"Please Don't Say You Love Me\". Personal life She married actor Henry Pettigrew on 1 May 2022. The couple met while starring in The Effect. Acting credits Film Television Music videos Theatre References External links Ophelia Lovibond on Instagram 1986 births Living people 20th-century English actresses 21st-century", "title": "Ophelia Lovibond" }, { "docid": "31557847", "text": "Catherine Popper (born December 28, 1973) is an American bass guitarist, singer and songwriter. She is best known for her work with Jesse Malin, Ryan Adams & the Cardinals, Grace Potter and the Nocturnals and Jack White. Popper is also a member of a trio called Puss n Boots with Norah Jones and Sasha Dobson. She released her first single, “Maybe It’s All Right” on Velvet Elk Records in 2020. Early life Popper was born and raised in Charlotte, North Carolina. She started playing upright bass when she was 9 years old, and attended the North Carolina School of the Arts for high school where she studied classical string bass. For college, she studied jazz bass at the Manhattan School of Music. Career From 2004 to 2006, Popper played bass, double bass, and sang back up vocals for Ryan Adams with his backing group, The Cardinals. She also shared songwriting credits for many songs on the band's albums. Starting in 2009, Popper joined Grace Potter and the Nocturnals on tour and for the band's self-titled fifth album Grace Potter and the Nocturnals, released on June 8, 2010. The album was produced by Mark Batson and debuted at #19 on the Billboard Top 200 Albums. On November 14, 2011, Popper announced her departure from Grace Potter and the Nocturnals for the \"foreseeable future\" on her Facebook page. In January 2012, Popper appeared on Late Show with David Letterman, performing \"Travel As Equals\" with Joseph Arthur. In 2013, Popper appeared on four tracks on Joseph Arthur's tenth studio album, The Ballad of Boogie Christ. In May 2012, she replaced Bryn Davies in Jack White's all-female band \"The Peacocks\". In April 2013 Popper appeared on Mike Doughty's crowd funded album Circles Super Bon Bon.... She then toured with Mike Doughty and drummer Pete Wilhoit in support of the album between October 16, 2013, and November 23, 2013. In December 2013 and June 2014, Popper performed with Molly and the Zombies with Brian Fallon of The Gaslight Anthem, Brian McGee of Plow United and Randy Schrager of the Scissor Sisters. The group released five songs for free online. Since 2015, Popper has played bass and provided back up vocals for Jesse Malin's backing group and she has appeared on all of his releases since then. She also appeared on Nothing Is Anywhere, the 2016 album by Malin's band D Generation. In July 2016 she was again with Grace Potter & The Nocturnals in Guitar Center Sessions. Discography with Hem Rabbit Songs (2001) Eveningland (2004) No Word From Tom (2006) with Ryan Adams and the Cardinals Cold Roses (2005) Jacksonville City Nights (2005) III/IV (2010) with Willie Nelson Songbird (2006) with Rachael Yamagata Elephants...Teeth Sinking Into Heart (2008) with Grace Potter and the Nocturnals Grace Potter and the Nocturnals (2010) with Joseph Arthur The Ballad of Boogie Christ (2013) with Mike Doughty Circles Super Bon Bon (2013) with Jack White Lazaretto (2014) with Puss n Boots No Fools, No Fun (2014) Dear Santa EP (2019)", "title": "Catherine Popper" }, { "docid": "23191723", "text": "Sean Anders (born June 19, 1969) is an American film director and screenwriter. Career He co-wrote and directed the 2005 film Never Been Thawed, the 2008 film Sex Drive, the 2014 film Horrible Bosses 2, the 2015 film Daddy's Home, the 2017 sequel Daddy's Home 2, the 2018 film Instant Family based on his own history, and the 2022 holiday film Spirited. He also directed the 2012 comedy That's My Boy. Anders wrote or co-wrote 2010's Hot Tub Time Machine and She's Out of My League, 2011's Mr. Popper's Penguins, 2013's We're the Millers, and the 2014 Dumb and Dumber sequel Dumb and Dumber To. He is the brother of actress Andrea Anders. Filmography Accolades For 2012's That's My Boy, Anders was nominated for Worst Director, at the 33rd Golden Raspberry Awards. References External links 1983 births American male screenwriters Comedy film directors Living people People from DeForest, Wisconsin Film directors from Wisconsin Screenwriters from Wisconsin", "title": "Sean Anders" }, { "docid": "3572932", "text": "We Were the Mulvaneys is a novel written by Joyce Carol Oates, and was published in 1996. We Were the Mulvaneys was featured in Oprah's Book Club in January 2001. The novel chronicles the Mulvaneys, a seemingly perfect family living in the small, rural town of Mt. Ephraim, New York, during the latter part of the 20th century. The Mulvaneys own a successful roofing business, and are obsessed with social status. However, an incident that is hushed up in town and never spoken of again shatters the family fabric and has tragic consequences. Plot summary Michael and Corinne Mulvaney are the parents of four children: Michael Jr., Patrick, Marianne, and Judd. Living in a picture perfect farm in upstate New York, the Mulvaneys own a successful roofing company; Michael Mulvaney is considered a serious businessman. Corinne is a bubbly, earthy mother, whose life revolves around the family unit. For nearly twenty years the Mulvaney clan thrives, admired throughout the small town of Mt. Ephraim for being a model family. On St. Valentine's night 1976, after prom, Marianne Mulvaney goes to a party where she becomes intoxicated and is raped by an upperclassman, whose father is a well-respected businessman and friend of Mr. Mulvaney. Marianne's rape is the beginning of a tumultuous fifteen-year period. Her father, lost and angry, does not understand why his daughter will not press charges against her attacker. He can no longer look at his daughter the same way and sends her to live with a distant relative of Corinne's in Salamanca, New York. Marianne, moving haphazardly from place to place, continues to wait for her father to call on her, but he never does. Michael Mulvaney Sr.'s casual drinking turns into full-fledged alcoholism. Gradually, his reputation as a respected businessman disintegrates. The Mulvaneys are forced into bankruptcy and must sell the farm. Eventually, Corinne and Michael split up. For the other family members, things continue to get worse. All three of the Mulvaney boys leave home angrily, never to return. One of them \"executes justice\" on his sister's rapist. After many years, the Mulvaneys meet once again at a family reunion in Corinne's new home, which she shares with a friend. The family has extended to include spouses and children. Finally, the Mulvaneys come full circle and receive closure. Film adaptation The book was made into a Lifetime Television movie, also titled We Were the Mulvaneys, in 2002 starring Beau Bridges (Michael Sr.), Blythe Danner (Corinne), Tammy Blanchard (Marianne), Jacob Pitts (Patrick), Thomas Guiry (Judd), and Mark Famiglietti (Michael Jr.). The film was nominated for three Emmys. External links We Were the Mulvaneys TV Movie Oprah's Book Club Feature Penguin Books Reading Guide – interview & discussion questions Fiction set in 1976 1996 American novels American novels adapted into films American novels adapted into television shows Novels by Joyce Carol Oates Novels set in New York (state) Dutton Penguin books Novels about rape", "title": "We Were the Mulvaneys" }, { "docid": "2150262", "text": "Carla Gugino ( ; born August 29, 1971) is an American actress. After early roles in the films Troop Beverly Hills (1989), This Boy's Life (1993), Son in Law (film) (1993), and Snake Eyes (1998), Gugino received wider recognition for her starring roles in the Spy Kids trilogy (2001–2003), Sin City (2005), Night at the Museum (2006), American Gangster (2007), Righteous Kill (2008), Race to Witch Mountain (2009), Sally Jupiter in Watchmen (2009), Sucker Punch (2011), Mr. Popper's Penguins (2011), San Andreas (2015), Gerald's Game (2017), and Gunpowder Milkshake (2021). Gugino also starred in the crime drama series Karen Sisco (2003), the science fiction series Threshold (2005–2006), the crime drama series Jett (2019), and the supernatural horror miniseries The Haunting of Hill House (2018), The Haunting of Bly Manor (2020), and The Fall of the House of Usher (2023). Early life Gugino was born in Sarasota, Florida, to Carl Gugino, an orthodontist of Italian descent, and Susan Gugino, a mother of English and Irish descent described as \"Bohemian\". Her parents separated when she was two, after which she travelled between her father and half-brother Carl Jr.'s home in Sarasota, and her Paradise, California, home, to which her mother moved her when she was four. She has said of her upbringing, \"I lived in a tepee in Northern California and a van in Big Sur. With my dad, I lived in a beautiful house with a swimming pool and a tennis court and went to Europe for the summers. So I feel like I lived two childhoods.\" She worked as a teenage fashion model, and took acting classes at the suggestion of her aunt, former Let's Make a Deal spokesmodel Carol Merrill. She eventually came to support herself, and with her parents' support, was legally emancipated by the time she was 16. Career Gugino's television work during the late 1980s and early 1990s included appearances on Good Morning, Miss Bliss, Saved by the Bell, Who's the Boss?, ALF, Doogie Howser, M.D., The Wonder Years, Webster and a recurring role on Falcon Crest. In film, Gugino appeared in the Shelley Long film Troop Beverly Hills (1989), and she co-starred with Pauly Shore in the romantic comedy Son in Law (1993). She appeared in the video to Bon Jovi's 1994 song \"Always\". In 1995, Gugino appeared as Nan St. George (later the Duchess of Trevenick) with Greg Wise and James Frain in the BBC miniseries The Buccaneers, an adaptation of Edith Wharton's last novel. She played Ashley Schaeffer, Michael J. Fox's character's love interest, during the first season of the sitcom Spin City in 1996. She played opposite Nicolas Cage in Brian De Palma's Snake Eyes, and in Judas Kiss, which she also co-produced. She appeared as Dr. Gina Simon during the final season of the television medical drama Chicago Hope (1999–2000). In 2001, she appeared as family matriarch Ingrid Cortez in the first Spy Kids film (as well as the film's two sequels in 2002 and 2003). That same year she appeared", "title": "Carla Gugino" }, { "docid": "1501789", "text": "Robert Darren Popper (born 23 November 1967) is a British comedy producer, writer, actor, and author, best known as co-creator of the mock BBC documentary Look Around You, and creator of Channel 4's sitcom Friday Night Dinner. He also wrote the books The Timewaster Letters, Return of The Timewaster Letters and The Timewaster Diaries under the pseudonym Robin Cooper. Early life Popper was educated at Haberdashers' Aske's Boys' School and is Jewish. Television and film Popper began his career in British television working for The Comic Strip under Peter Richardson. He then worked on the Channel 4 show, The Big Breakfast, writing for comedy puppets Zig and Zag. He also made his first appearance as a comedian on The Eleven O'Clock Show as the character Simon Michael Simon. Later, he was employed as a commissioning editor for Entertainment and Comedy at Channel 4. His commissioning credits include the series Bo' Selecta!, Black Books, Spaced and Bremner, Bird and Fortune. He commissioned three series of the Comedy Lab whilst at the channel. He left the role to work on the first series of Look Around You (2002) with Peter Serafinowicz. Look Around You was a spoof educational science comedy that ran on BBC2. It was written and produced by Popper (who featured onscreen in one episode as \"Jack Morgan\", also performing the rock song \"Little Mouse\") and Serafinowicz (who appeared more frequently). The pair wrote and played all the music in the series. Look Around You was nominated for a BAFTA and a British Comedy Award. In 2003, Popper co-wrote the short film Hello Friend with Graham Linehan. In 2005, Popper returned to the screen with a second series of Look Around You, again co-written by him and Serafinowicz. Made up of six half-hour shows, Look Around You 2 resembled an early-80s Tomorrow's World . Popper appeared in all six episodes as Jack Morgan. Besides Popper and Serafinowicz, the series featured Josie D'Arby and Olivia Colman as presenters. Look Around You 2 won the Rose D'Or TV Award in 2006 for Best Comedy Series. Popper was a programme consultant and co-writer for the TV sketch comedy The Peter Serafinowicz Show (2007), in which he also made several brief on-screen appearances. Popper was the producer for the third and fourth series of Channel 4's Peep Show. Both series won the British Comedy Award for Best Comedy, and Popper won a BAFTA for series 4. Popper was the script editor on all three series of The Inbetweeners. He was also the script editor on Graham Linehan's The IT Crowd and the BBC3 comedy Him & Her. In 2009 Popper and Serafinowicz wrote, produced, and performed in a 30-minute podcast entitled The Other Side. The comedy purported to be a radio show coming from the only radio station (\"Radio Spiritworld\") to broadcast from the afterlife. Robert and Peter also created the online world religion, \"Tarvuism\", making a variety of shorts. The pair created a number of web videos on YouTube showcasing their surreal humour,", "title": "Robert Popper" }, { "docid": "24070090", "text": "Maxwell Perry Cotton (born May 7, 2000) is an American actor who portrayed Cooper Whedon in the television series Brothers & Sisters. Life and career Cotton was born on May 7, 2000, in San Diego, California. Cotton graduated from Notre Dame High School.His younger brother, Mason Vale Cotton, is also an actor. Cotton began acting at the age of six. His first ever role began in 2006, on the television series Brothers and Sisters, as Cooper Whedon. That same year, he played Zeke in the television movie Welcome to the Jungle Gym. His first film was A Dennis the Menace Christmas in which he played Dennis Mitchell. In 2009, Cotton appeared in the movie Like Dandelion Dust. In 2010, he appeared in Radio Free Albemuth. In 2011, he appeared in Mr. Popper's Penguins as Billy Popper. In 2013, he played young Max (Max being played by Matt Damon) in Elysium. He voiced a Civil War-era teenager, Albertus McCreery, in the documentary film The Gettysburg Address. References External links 2000 births 21st-century American male actors American male child actors American male film actors American male television actors Living people Male actors from San Diego Notre Dame High School (Sherman Oaks, California) alumni", "title": "Maxwell Perry Cotton" }, { "docid": "69996840", "text": "Menagerie II: Presentable Liberty is a 2014 indie psychological horror video game made by Robert \"Wertpol\" Brock as a part of the Menagerie series. In the game, the player is trapped in a jail cell which (for the majority of the game) they cannot leave. Instead, the player's interaction is mainly limited to reading letters sent to them and playing games to entertain themself. Presentable Liberty received positive reviews for its story and minimalistic approach to gameplay, and achieved moderate mainstream attention due to let's plays by popular YouTubers Markiplier and Jacksepticeye. The game's plot, involving a deadly virus outbreak, combined with the motif of isolation, was compared by some reviewers to the COVID-19 pandemic, although the game was released many years prior to it. A remake of Presentable Liberty and the first entry in the Menagerie series, Exoptable Money, was planned, however, three separate Kickstarter campaigns failed to gather sufficient funding, and the remakes ceased development following Brock's death in 2018. Gameplay and plot Presentable Liberty is minimalistic in gameplay and scope, taking place almost entirely in a small jail cell. The player is able to move around their cell and read letters sent through their cell door, which arrive at set times in each in-game day, with no way for the player to make them arrive more quickly, and no way to respond. The letters each come from one of four people: Salvador, an explorer and friend of the protagonist; Doctor Money, a rich organ-harvester and the man imprisoning the protagonist; Mr. Smiley, a man hired by Doctor Money to keep the protagonist happy and non-suicidal; and Charlotte, a woman who owns a nearby bakery, and who is presumably the only other person left alive in the city. Salvador's letters detail his expedition north, where he watches a river's flow change direction, picks up an interest in wood carving, and eventually returns back to the city. Doctor Money's letters explain that the city is suffering from an epidemic caused by an unnamed virus which has infected 98% of the population, and that the remaining 2% are mainly prison inmates, including the protagonist. Mr. Smiley, the protagonist's assigned \"Happy Buddy\", tries to keep the protagonist happy with overwhelmingly cheerful dialogue and small gifts, including party poppers, a poster, and several video games played on a Game Boy-esque device. Charlotte, fearful of the outside, refuses to leave her shop, her letters lamenting her loneliness and the horrors of the city, having fallen to the virus. Charlotte reveals to the protagonist that although Doctor Money has created an antidote to the virus, it causes vital organ failure. As such, functional organs are highly valuable, although the organs being sold are, themselves, also phony cures. As the game progresses, each of the letter-writers, aside from Doctor Money, find themselves in increasingly distressing situations. Mr. Smiley, as the player finds out through an erroneously-sent letter, is being blackmailed by Doctor Money by holding his daughters as hostages. When Mr. Smiley's happy façade briefly", "title": "Presentable Liberty" }, { "docid": "6300343", "text": "Chris Beetem (born Christopher Lapinski; August 8, 1969) is an American film and television actor. He is known for his roles in films such as Black Hawk Down, Every Day and Mr. Popper's Penguins. Beetem is also known for his roles in As the World Turns, One Tree Hill, JAG and Pan Am. Career Beetem attended Philadelphia High School for Creative and Performing Arts. Beetem played Jordan Sinclair on the daytime soap opera As the World Turns from 2004 to 2005, serial killer Tate Harmon on One Life to Live from February to August 2007, and Congressman Chris Rawlings on the prime time drama Pan Am from 2011 to 2012. Filmography Film Television References External links American male film actors American male soap opera actors American male television actors Male actors from Philadelphia 1969 births Living people", "title": "Chris Beetem" }, { "docid": "44097545", "text": "Andrew Stewart-Jones is an English actor, best-known for playing the role of Crispus Allen in Gotham. Career Stewart-Jones first came on to the television scene in 2003 in HBO's Sex and the City as Jules. Next he guest starred in 2005 in NBC's Third Watch. In 2006, Stewart-Jones guest starred on Fox's The Wedding Album pilot episode. Also in 2006, he guest starred on One Life to Live in a 4 episode arc as an airline pilot. In 2007, Stewart-Jones began his film career with Montclair and The Girl in the Park. Next Stewart-Jones guest starred on The CW's Gossip Girl in the pilot episode and the second episode. Stewart-Jones has guest starred on NBC's Law & Order, 30 Rock, and Mercy. He guest starred on ABC's Castle in 2009. Stewart-Jones had minor roles in 2009's It's Complicated and The Good Guy. Stewart-Jones has guest starred on Person of Interest, Unforgettable, The Good Wife, the short-lived Golden Boy, and Blue Bloods. He had a minor role in 2011's Mr. Popper's Penguins. In 2013, Stewart-Jones guest starred in the pilot episode of The CW's The Tomorrow People. He next was in 2013's Dead Man Down. In 2014, Stewart-Jones landed the role of Crispus Allen in Fox's Gotham as a guest star in the pilot episode. He would be bumped up to a starring role as Crispus Allen in the second episode. In August 2015, it was reported that Stewart-Jones would not be returning as a member of the main cast for season two. Stewart-Jones has done theatre work. He was in 2005's Guantanamo: Honor Bound to Defend Freedom as Jamal al-Harith. Stewart-Jones starred in 2013's Good Television as Ethan Taumer. In 2008, Stewart lent his voice to Midnight Club: Los Angeles as Martin. Filmography Film Television Video games Stage performances References External links Living people English male film actors English male television actors Black British male actors 21st-century English male actors Year of birth missing (living people) Place of birth missing (living people)", "title": "Andrew Stewart-Jones" }, { "docid": "4841739", "text": "Blues Traveler, the eponymous debut album from Blues Traveler, was released on A&M Records in 1990. The album features \"jam structures on basic blues riffs\" focused around the harmonica playing of band leader John Popper, which writer William Ruhlmann said gave the band a more focused sound than that of the Grateful Dead. Track listing \"But Anyway\" (Chan Kinchla, John Popper) – 4:10 \"Gina\" (Kinchla, Popper) – 4:03 \"Mulling It Over\" (Kinchla, Popper) – 3:43 \"100 Years\" (Popper) – 3:43 \"Dropping Some NYC\" (Kinchla, Popper, Bobby Sheehan) – 3:19 \"Crystal Flame\" (Kinchla, Popper) – 9:39 \"Slow Change\" (Kinchla, Popper) – 4:54 \"Warmer Days\" (Popper) – 4:55 \"Gotta Get Mean\" (Brendan Hill, Kinchla, Popper) – 3:49 \"Alone\" (Popper) – 7:33 \"Sweet Talking Hippie\" (Hill, Kinchla, Popper, Sheehan) – 6:22 Personnel Blues Traveler John Popper – lead vocals, harmonica, 12-string acoustic guitar Chan Kinchla – guitar Bobby Sheehan – bass Brendan Hill – drums, percussion Additional personnel Chris Barron, Justin Niebank, Kevin Traynor – backing vocals on \"Dropping Some NYC\" Joan Osborne – backing vocals on \"100 Years\" and \"Warmer Days\" Howie Wyeth – piano on \"Warmer Days\" Arnie Lawrence – soprano saxophone on \"100 Years\" Certifications References Blues Traveler albums 1990 debut albums A&M Records albums", "title": "Blues Traveler (album)" }, { "docid": "28665649", "text": "Mr S and the Secrets of Andorra's Box is a 2008 novel by Irish journalist and author Paul Howard, and the eighth in the Ross O'Carroll-Kelly series. Title The title references Pandora's Box. \"Mr S\" is Frank Sinatra, who Ross' father drank with one night in the Shelbourne Hotel. Background Howard stated that the twist in this book — that Charles is Erika's father, and that she is therefore Ross's half-sister — had been planned \"from about three books back,\" i.e. around the time of The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Nightdress. Plot Ross becomes the coach of the Andorra national rugby union team. It is revealed that Ross's longtime crush Erika is his half-sister. Ross also attempts psychotherapy as he tries to copy with separation from Sorcha and Honor. Immaculata, the African orphan that Sorcha once sponsored, arrives at the door. J.P. leaves the seminary, while Fionnuala becomes a TV chef. Reception In the Irish Independent, Anne Marie Scanlon wrote, \"Ross is a monster, but one who consistently entertains us, and maybe it is the Irish obsession with the craic that makes Mr O'Carroll Kelly such an unfailingly welcome character,\" describing the book as \"spot-on social satire.\" In The Irish Times, Kevin Power praised Howard's \"flawless ear for the verbal self-betrayals of our prosperous middle class […] This is more than an extraordinary comic gift; it is a way of talking seriously about character and social standing.\" However, he also observed that \"The very early Ross books were cruder, but more identifiably satirical […] there was in those early novels a kind of anger that surfaces only faintly in the new one. It may be that Ross is running out of steam.\" Mr S and the Secrets of Andorra's Box was shortlisted the Eason Irish Popular Fiction Book of the Year award at the 2009 Irish Book Awards. References 2008 Irish novels Penguin Books books Ross O'Carroll-Kelly Novels set in Andorra Fictional Andorran people Fiction set in 2006", "title": "Mr S and the Secrets of Andorra's Box" } ]	[ "Madeline Carroll" ]
train_7059	when did ghana win the under 20 world cup	[ { "docid": "68276138", "text": "James Kuuku Dadzie is a Ghanaian former professional footballer and manager who currently serves as head coach for Ebusua Dwarfs. During his playing career he played as a defender for Sekondi Hasaacas F.C. At the international level, he is known for his involvement in the squad that won the 1978 African Cup of Nations. He served as the head coach of the Ghana women's national under-20 football team and also later as the head coach for the senior women's team. As coach of the U20, he guided them to Ghana's first women's U20 World Cup in 2010, and also led them to a second-place finish during the 2011 All-Africa Games. International career Dadzie played for the Ghana national team in the 1970s and early 1980s. He was key member of the squad that played in both the and 1978, 1980 African Cup of Nations helping Ghana to make history as the first country to win the competition three times and for keeps during the 1978 edition, after scoring Uganda 2–0 in the finals. At a point in time, he served as the captain of the side. He regards himself as being the best ever centre-back to have played for the national team. Coaching career After retiring from playing football, Dadzie went into coaching. He served as the assistant coach to E. K. Afranie in the 1990s. He also served as the assistant coach for the Ghana national under-17 football team under Cecil Jones Attuquayefio in the 1990s including serving under him during the 1999 FIFA U-17 World Championship when Ghana placed third. Ghana Women U20 In November 2009, he was appointed as the head coach of the Ghana women's national under-20 football team (the Black Princesses). He coached the side to win the 2010 African U-20 Cup of Nations for Women, joint with Nigeria, to qualify them to the 2010 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup for the first time in the country's history. The team put up an impressive showdown by drawing and picking up a point against United States, losing to South Korea by 4–2 and winning against Switzerland to pick up the countries first win at the FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup. However the four points they managed to pick was not enough to send them to the quarter-finals. Upon their return from the world cup, his team, the U20 side were charged to serve as Ghana's team for the qualifiers for the 2011 All-African Games. The team beat Liberia 11–0 on aggregate in the preliminary round and women's powerhouse Nigeria on 3–2 on aggregate in the final round to qualify for the 2011 All-Africa Games – Women's tournament. During the competition, he led the team to the finals, with an unbeaten record before losing to Cameroon in the final by a lone goal. Ghana Women After serving as head coach of the U20 side for three years, he was elevated to the role of head coach for the senior women's side, the Black Queens in October 2011.", "title": "James Kuuku Dadzie" }, { "docid": "27200414", "text": "Sellas Tetteh Teivi (born 12 December 1956) is a Ghanaian professional football coach and former player. Early and personal life Sellas Tetteh Teivi was born on 12 December 1956 in Adabraka. His father was Mensah Teivi, a mechanic, and his mother was Elizabeth Dablah; he was the eldest of eight children. He was married to Evelyn Idun Teivi until her death on 26 January 2017, with whom he has two children – a daughter called Precious Awefa Teivi and a son called Prince Kelvin Sowah Teivi. Tetteh is a practising Christian. He acknowledged God's role in Ghana's historic victory at the FIFA U-20 World Cup, saying prophetic insights from Nigerian Prophet T.B. Joshua helped him guide the team to success. Playing career Tetteh played professional club football in Ghana for Great Mao Mao, Golden Pods, Hearts of Oak, Zebi; in Nigeria for ACB, Julius Berger, Bendel United and Iwuanyanwu; and in Bangladesh. Coaching career Tetteh began his coaching career in 1995 with Kotobabi Powerlines, before joining Liberty Professionals a year later. Tetteh became Assistant Manager of the Ghana under-17 team in 2001 – taking full control a year later – before moving to the Ghana under-23 team in 2003. He later became an Assistant to the full national team. He was appointed caretaker manager of the Ghana national team in June 2008, a position he held until August 2008. Tetteh was the head coach for the Ghana under-20 team at the 2009 African Youth Championship, leading them to win the championship, the first time since 1999 when they won, with that qualifying them to the World Cup. Tetteh guided the Ghana under-20 team to the 2009 FIFA U-20 World Cup, becoming the first African team to win the competition. As a consequence, Tetteh won the CAF Coach of the Year Award and the Sports Writers Association of Ghana Coach of the Year Award. He was also honoured by veteran coach Cecil Jones Attuquayefio, who 'knighted' Tetteh. Tetteh was appointed manager of the Rwandan national side in February 2010, leaving his dual position as manager of the Ghana under-20 national team and Ghanaian club side Liberty Professionals. On 6 September 2011, Tetteh resigned as Rwanda's manager. Tetteh was put in charge of the Ghana U20 team again in December 2012 ahead of the 2013 African Youth Championship in Algeria. He led the team to a 2nd place losing to Egypt in the finals after a penalty shootout. Tetteh was again in charge of Ghana U20 at the 2013 FIFA U-20 World Cup. He led the team to a third-place finish at the end of the competition. On 14 August 2015, Tetteh was given a temporary contract for three months, to become caretaker of the Sierra Leone national team. In March 2016 he left his position as Ghana under-20 manager in order to continue as Sierra Leone caretaker manager. He was replaced as Sierra Leone manager by John Keister in May 2017. In August 2019, Tetteh took the Sierra Leone head coach", "title": "Sellas Tetteh" }, { "docid": "18760616", "text": "Nana Opoku Agyemang-Prempeh (born 7 June 1989) commonly known as Agyemang Opoku, is a Ghanaian professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder. Club career Born in Obuasi, Ashanti, Opoku began his career at the AshantiGold Soccer Academy and was promoted to Ashanti Gold S.C. He left Ashanti Gold and moved to Tunisian side Club Sportif Sfaxien as a free agent in January 2007. In December 2008, Opoku signed with Al Sadd of the Qatar Stars League. On 22 February 2011, he joined another Qatari club Al-Ahli on a three-month loan deal from Al Sadd. Opoku signed a contract with Bulgarian side Levski Sofia during the summer of 2012 and made his official debut for the team on 26 July 2012, in a 1–3 away loss against FK Sarajevo in a UEFA Europa League match. His first and only game in the league was on 25 August 2012, in the 2–0 away win over Montana. The contract with Levski Sofia ended on 27 October 2012 due to injuries. International career Opoku played at the 2005 Africa under 17 Championships and was member of the Ghana national under-17 football team at 2005 FIFA U-17 World Championship in Peru. Opoku was also part of the Ghana national under-20 football team that won the 2009 FIFA U-20 World Cup in Egypt. Honours Sfaxien CAF Confederations Cup: 2008 Al Sadd Qatari Stars Cup: 2010 Ghana U-17 African U-17 Championship runner up: 2005 Ghana U-20 FIFA U-20 World Cup: 2009 Ghana Africa Cup of Nations Silver Medal: 2010 Individual African U-17 Championship Top scorer: 2005 References External links Profile at LevskiSofia.info 1989 births Living people People from Obuasi Men's association football wingers Men's association football forwards Ghanaian men's footballers Ghana men's under-20 international footballers Ghana men's international footballers 2010 Africa Cup of Nations players Ghanaian expatriate sportspeople in Tunisia Expatriate men's footballers in Tunisia Expatriate men's footballers in Qatar Expatriate men's footballers in Bulgaria Ashanti Gold S.C. players CS Sfaxien players Al Sadd SC players PFC Levski Sofia players Hapoel Kfar Saba F.C. players Qatar Stars League players First Professional Football League (Bulgaria) players Al Ahli SC (Doha) players Ghana men's youth international footballers", "title": "Agyemang Opoku" }, { "docid": "14329290", "text": "Daniel Tawiah Opare (; born 18 October 1990) is a Ghanaian professional footballer who plays as a right-back. Club career Early career In November 2007, Opare was recognized by World Soccer as one of the \"50 Most Exciting Teenagers on the Planet\". He received rave reviews for using his incredible footspeed and precision crossing to great effect for the Ghana national under-17 team, the Black Starlets, at the 2007 U-17 World Cup. On 3 July 2010, Opare left Real Madrid Castilla to sign for Belgian club Standard Liège. On 20 May 2014, just before the 2014 FIFA World Cup, it was announced Opare had signed for Portuguese club Porto after a successful four-year stint with Standard Liège. Augsburg On 13 August 2015, Opare signed a three-year contract with German club FC Augsburg for an undisclosed transfer fee. Royal Antwerp In July 2018 Opare signed a contract with Belgian club Royal Antwerp as a free agent after his contract with his previous team had run out. Seraing On 12 January 2022, Opare signed a 1.5-year contract with Seraing. International career Youth 2007 FIFA U-17 World Cup A converted midfielder and skillful lateral defender, Opare initiated the Black Starlets attacking moves with surging runs and was responsible for supplying the forwards Ransford Osei and Sadick Adams with precise crosses from wide areas. At the back, he looks equally comfortable and composed. He assisted on many of Ghana's goals at the 2007 African Under-17 Championship in Togo in March 2007, as well as in the U-17 World Cup, where he was a standout in all seven matches he played in. Opare was widely regarded as the best defender at the 2007 FIFA U17 World Cup. 2009 FIFA U-20 World Cup In September 2009, Opare was included in the Ghana national under-20 team (the Black Satellites) for the 2009 U-20 World Cup in Egypt, in which Opare had helped the Ghana team win for the first time by defeating Brazil in the finals at the Cairo International Stadium on 16 October 2009. Senior On 13 November 2007, three weeks after his 17th birthday, he received his first senior International call-up from Ghana's coach, Claude Le Roy for a FIFA international friendly match against Togo at the Ohene Djan Stadium in Accra, Ghana, on 18 November 2007, after another excellent display, assisting twice on a superb hat-trick by Ransford Osei against Togo's U-17 team in a junior international friendly at the same venue on Sunday, 11 November 2007. 2008 African Cup of Nations The U-17 World Cup star was part of Ghana's squad for the 2008 African Cup of Nations. However, on 10 January 2008, Ghana's team doctor, Martin Engmann, told the media Opare had not recovered from an ankle injury he sustained in the Pre-Tournament Training Camp at the Jebel Ali Hotel Resort and Spa in Dubai, and was excluded from the squad together alongside injured teammates Matthew Amoah and captain Stephen Appiah. 2012 African Cup of Nations In December 2011, Opare was named", "title": "Daniel Opare" }, { "docid": "7816754", "text": "Christian Atta Gyan (2 November 1978 – 29 December 2021) was a Ghanaian professional footballer who played as a defender. He was known primarily for his time at Feyenoord where he won the 1998–99 Eredivisie and the 2001–02 UEFA Cup. Club career Gyan was born in Tema, Ghana on 2 November 1978. Playing for Ghapoha, he signed for Feyenoord in 1996. During the following season he moved on loan to Excelsior. After only a couple of months Feyenoord recalled the defender, and he made his debut for Feyenoord that same season. Gyan remained with Feyenoord for the next eight seasons. He was mainly used as a substitute. Gyan did play the 2002 UEFA Cup Final against Borussia Dortmund. He replaced the suspended Brett Emerton in the starting eleven. With Gyan, Feyenoord went on to beat Dortmund 3–2. While at Feyenoord Gyan also won a Dutch League Championship and a Johan Cruijff Schaal. Gyan was one of the most popular players at Feyenoord, always gaining a big applause from the fans when he started his warming-up. In June 2008 Gyan completed a successful trial for the Finnish club Turun Palloseura, and he signed a six-month deal with TPS on 3 June. In January 2009 Gyan signed for Wrexham until the end of the 2008–09 season, but made only two appearances for the club in the FA Trophy before being released at the end of the season. He signed a contract for RoPS in February 2010. In July, he got released by the club because of knee injury that happened in February. Gyan did not make any appearances for RoPS. He finished his career at amateur side RKSV Leonidas in Rotterdam. International career Gyan was part of the Ghana team that won the 1995 FIFA U-17 World Championship. Gyan played seven games at the 1997 FIFA World Youth Championship, where Ghana finished fourth. His full international debut, incidentally, came against the Netherlands. For the senior side he featured eight times between 1998 and 2001, including at the 2000 Africa Cup of Nations. Personal life and death Gyan was diagnosed with terminal cancer in November 2021. He died from the disease a month later on 29 December 2021, at the age of 43. Honours Feyenoord UEFA Cup: 2001–02 Eredivisie: 1998-99 Johan Cruyff Shield: 1999 References External links FIFA Player Statistics: Christian Gyan 1978 births 2021 deaths Footballers from Tema Men's association football defenders Ghanaian men's footballers Ghana men's under-20 international footballers Ghana men's international footballers 2000 African Cup of Nations players Great Mariners F.C. players Excelsior Rotterdam players Feyenoord players Turun Palloseura footballers Rovaniemen Palloseura players UEFA Europa League winning players Eredivisie players Eerste Divisie players Veikkausliiga players Wrexham A.F.C. players RKSV Leonidas players Ghanaian expatriate men's footballers Expatriate men's footballers in the Netherlands Ghanaian expatriate sportspeople in the Netherlands Expatriate men's footballers in Finland Ghanaian expatriate sportspeople in Finland Expatriate men's footballers in Wales Ghanaian expatriate sportspeople in Wales", "title": "Christian Gyan" }, { "docid": "11602598", "text": "Association football is the most popular sport in Ghana. Since 1957, the sport has been administered by the Ghana Football Association. Internationally, Ghana is represented by the male Black Stars and the female Black Queens. The top male domestic football league in Ghana is the Ghana Premier League, and the top female domestic football league in Ghana is the Ghana Women's Football League. History It is on record that the game of football was introduced into the Gold Coast region towards the close of the 19th century by merchants from Europe. Sailors during their leisure times played football among themselves and sometimes with a select side of the indigenous people. The popularity of the game spread like wild fire within a short time along the coast culminating in the formation of the first football club, Excelsior, in 1903 by Mr. Briton, a Jamaican-born Briton, who was then the Head Teacher of Philip Quaicoe Government Boys School in Cape Coast. Ghana national men's football team The Black Stars team is one of the highly rated national football teams in Africa. Ghana has won the African Cup of Nations championships on four occasions. They also reached the last sixteen of the 2006 FIFA World Cup before being eliminated by the Brazil. At the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa, they became the third African team in history to reach the World Cup quarter-finals. Some illustrious players have been Charles Kumi Gyamfi, Abédi Pelé, Abdul Razak, Tony Yeboah, Samuel Kuffour and Michael Essien. The youth teams have been successful as well. The U-17 team regularly competes in the FIFA U-17 World Cup and has won it twice and were runners-up twice. The U-20 team were runners-up twice in the FIFA U-20 World Cup, and in 2009 the Black Satellites completed the double by winning the 2009 African Youth Championship and being crowned 2009 U-20 World Cup Champions thus becoming the first African Country to win the U-20 World Cup Championship. In 1992, Olympic U-23 team became the first African country to win a medal at Olympic Games football and in 2011 the Black Meteors were crowned 2011 All-Africa Games champions for the first time. Former Black Stars senior squad members such as Sulley Muntari, Michael Essien, John Mensah and captain Stephen Appiah all got their start at these youth tournaments. In 2014, Ghana was one of the eight nations to take part in the first Unity World Cup. Top goalscorers As of 26 June 2014, the players with the most goals for the senior Ghanaian national team are: Ghana national women's football team The Black Queens have taken part in all the FIFA Women's World Cup championships since 1999. The team has however failed to go beyond the first round on each occasion. Ghana has also been runner up to Nigeria on three occasions in the African Women's Championships. Two Ghanaians, Alberta Sackey and Adjoa Bayor have been voted African Women Player of the Year. Ghana Premier League Ghanaian FA Cup Ghana", "title": "Football in Ghana" }, { "docid": "13838238", "text": "Ghana national U-20 football team known as the Black Satellites, is considered to be the feeder team for the Ghana national football team. They are the former FIFA U-20 World Cup Champions and African Youth Champions. They have also been a four-time African Champion in 1995, 1999, 2009, 2021 and a two-time Runner-up at the FIFA World Youth Championship in 1993, 2001 and finished third in 2013. Ghana has participated in only six of the past 19 World Cup events starting with their first in Australia 1993 where they lost the World Cup final 1-2 to Brazil in Sydney and in Argentina 2001 where they lost the World Cup final 0-3 to Argentina in Buenos Aires. Incredibly, in 32 FIFA World Cup matches, Ghana has not lost a game in regulation below the Semi Final level of the FIFA U20 World Cup. They however failed to qualify for 3 consecutive events in UAE 2003, Netherlands 2005 and Canada 2007 until they made the Egypt 2009 Tournament. They won the 2009 FIFA U-20 World Cup in the Cairo International Stadium, Cairo, Egypt after defeating Brazil 4-3 on Penalties when the match ended (0-0) after extra time. This was the first time an African country won the FIFA U-20 World Cup Championship. Superb young players The Black Satellites reached the FIFA U-20 World Cup final in their 1st appearance in Australia 1993 (Australia 1993 U-20 html Stats here), catching many teams on the hop with their lightning changes of pace. In fact, nine of the 22 players in the \"Black Satellites'\" squad had lifted the FIFA U-17 World Championship two years earlier, so their performance could only really be considered a half-surprise. Still they were a joy to watch: enterprising and unpredictable. They repeated the feat in 2001 succumbing to Tournament Hosts Argentina in the Final. Previously in 1997, they had lost 3-2 on a golden goal to Uruguay in Extra Time of the World Cup Semi Final. In 1999 eventual Champions Spain eliminated Ghana in the Quarter Final on sudden death penalty kicks after a 1-1 tied game. What makes Ghana's footballers so dominant in their age group? FIFA Magazine asked Otto Pfister. Football is not simply the most popular sport in this part of Africa, it is an absolute religion, he said. This is the way the game is regarded in Ghana. Young boys here think about football 24 hours a day and play for at least eight – whether on clay, rough fields or dusty streets. They develop their skills naturally, without any specific training, and end up with superb technique and ability on the ball. They are also fast and tricky, and can feint well with their bodies. Africa and South America have by far the best young footballers in the world – on a technical level they are superb. And technique is what it takes to make a good player. What else goes towards making Ghana so strong? Otto Pfister continues; In Africa there is often only", "title": "Ghana national under-20 football team" }, { "docid": "20156847", "text": "Daniel Yaw Agyei (also spelled Adjei; born 10 November 1989) is a Ghanaian professional footballer who plays for Ethiopian club Sebeta City as a goalkeeper. Club career Agyei was born in Dansoman, Ghana. International career Agyei represented Ghana at under-20 level and won with the team both the 2009 African Youth Championship and the 2009 FIFA U-20 World Cup. He earned his first senior call to the Black Stars for the World Cup qualification match against Mali. He made his Ghana national team debut on 18 November 2009 in a friendly match against Angola. Career statistics International Honours International 'Ghana U-20 FIFA U-20 World Cup: 2009 African Youth Championship: 2009 'Ghana Africa Cup of Nations runner-up: 2010 References External links 1989 births Living people Ghanaian men's footballers Ghanaian expatriate men's footballers Men's association football goalkeepers Ghana men's under-20 international footballers Ghana men's international footballers 2010 Africa Cup of Nations players Free State Stars F.C. players Liberty Professionals F.C. players Medeama S.C. players Simba S.C. players Jimma Aba Jifar F.C. players Ghana Premier League players South African Premier Division players 2010 FIFA World Cup players 2012 Africa Cup of Nations players 2013 Africa Cup of Nations players African Games gold medalists for Ghana African Games medalists in football People from Greater Accra Region Competitors at the 2011 All-Africa Games Ghanaian expatriate sportspeople in South Africa Ghanaian expatriate sportspeople in Tanzania Ghanaian expatriate sportspeople in Ethiopia Expatriate men's soccer players in South Africa Expatriate men's footballers in Tanzania Expatriate men's footballers in Ethiopia Tanzanian Premier League players", "title": "Daniel Agyei" }, { "docid": "20074590", "text": "Joseph Addo (born November 2, 1990, in Ghana) is a Ghanaian footballer currently playing for Ghanaian club Aduana Stars in the Glo Premier, as a goalkeeper. Career Addo began his career on youth team of Sekondi Hasaacas F.C. and was promoted to the club's senior Glo Premier League team in January 2006. After his return from the 2009 FIFA U-20 World Cup he became the starting goalie for his club Sekondi Hasaacas. Addo left the club following its relegation to the Poly Tank Division One League and from the 2010–11 Glo Premier League season and joined Glo Premier League club and joined Heart of Lions in start for the 2011–12 Glo Premier League season. International career Addo was member for Ghana national under-17 football team in 2007 FIFA U-17 World Cup in South Korea and played 7 games. He was the first choice goalkeeper for the under 17 tournament in Korea 2007 where Ghana placed third in the championship. On 19 August 2008 was called for the Satellites and with the team won the 2009 FIFA U-20 World Cup in Egypt where he was taken the second choice goalkeeper. He was called up to the senior Ghana squad for a World Cup qualifier against Egypt in October 2017. Titles and honours International Ghana U-20 FIFA U-20 World Cup Champion: 2009 References External links FIFA Profile 1990 births Living people Ghanaian men's footballers Ghana men's under-20 international footballers Men's association football goalkeepers King Faisal Babes F.C. players Sekondi Hasaacas F.C. players African Games gold medalists for Ghana African Games medalists in football Aduana Stars F.C. players Competitors at the 2011 All-Africa Games People from Central Region (Ghana)", "title": "Joseph Addo (footballer, born 1990)" }, { "docid": "43836910", "text": "Mas-Ud Didi Dramani (born 3 March 1966) is a football coach and a retired Ghana international football player. He is the Head coach of the Asante Kotoko. Didi is also a senior Confederation of African Football (CAF) instructor and assessor of coaches. He is also the formal Head coach of the Ghana National under 17 team where he qualify for the FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup in Azerbaijan and won a bronze medal. Playing career Didi began his youth career with Bolga Soccer Masters at Bolgatanga in the Upper East region of Ghana. He then continued at Tamale Hearts Babies in the Northern region of Ghana. Didi began his professional career with the Real Tamale United (RTU), and later became the captain of the club. He then proceeded to Cape Coast Abusua Dwarf for a short while and returned to his beloved club RTU in 1998 and retired from active football in 2000. Coaching career After his playing career, Didi left for the University of Education in Winneba in Ghana to study Physical Education (PE) with Football Coaching as his major. He returned to Kumbugun Senior High School in Tamale to become a PE teacher. Early career Whilst teaching he Founded Guan United and became the Head coach for a Division 2 side. Under him the club qualified for the National Division 1 league and qualified 3 times for the Division 1 league play-off (Middle league) three times. Didi was appointed as the assistant coach of Ghana's Women Nation team, the Black Queen in 2009 to 2011. whilst with the queens he worked also for Right to Dream Academy Akosombo in the Eastern Region of Ghana 2010-2012 as a Coach Educator. Ghana Women's U17 Dramani left the academy when he was appointed as the Head coach of the Ghana's Women U-17 Nation team, the Black maiden in 2012. He led them to qualify for the FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup in Azerbaijan for the 2012 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup where the team become the first African team to win a medal. The Black Maidens defeated Germany in the third place match to win the bronze medal. He won the SWAG coach of the year in 2012 following his exploits. Asante Kotoko In August 2012 Didi signed for Asante Kotoko. Didi is a 2013-2014 first Capital Plus Premier League coach of the year after aiding Asante Kotoko win the League title for the Second consecutive season. This was his first League trophy with Asante Kotoko. Didi again is the winner of the 2014 MTN FA cup coach of the year award. On 10 March 2015, Asante Kotoko announced that they had parted ways with Dramani reaching an agreement over his severance package. This happened after supervising seven matches in the 2015 season, losing three of those whilst accumulating 8 points from a possible 21 points leaving the club in the 10th position of the league table. In his three year tenure he won the two Ghana Premier League titles, one", "title": "Mas-Ud Didi Dramani" }, { "docid": "2841881", "text": "Suleyman Ali \"Sulley\" Muntari (born 27 August 1984) is a Ghanaian former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He spent most of his career in Italy, playing for clubs such as Udinese, Inter Milan, and AC Milan. Spoken about as a talented footballer at a young age, Muntari started his youth career in Ghana with Liberty Professionals before joining Udinese where he progressed from their academy into becoming a first team player. He featured in over 150 matches for Udinese and scored 9 goals before securing a move to join English team Portsmouth then English Premier League. He spent only a season with the Pompey and was also part of the team that won the FA Cup in 2007–08. His performance in the Premier League and the FA Cup earned him a move to join Inter Milan in 2008. During his time with Inter Milan, he helped the team win the Champions League in 2009–10 and the Serie A title in 2008–09 and 2009–10 among other trophies. After becoming a full international in 2002, Muntari earned over 80 caps for the Ghana national team and was selected for two Africa Cup of Nations tournaments and three FIFA World Cups. He was also a member of the Ghana U20 team that placed second in the African Youth Championship and FIFA U-20 World Cup both in 2001. He is the elder brother of Tambov player Sulley Muniru. Club career Early career Muntari's abilities first came to light in youth tournaments, while he was playing for Liberty Professionals youth team. He became a regular member of Ghana under-20 team at the age of 16 as they finished runners-up at the 2001 FIFA World Youth Championship in Argentina, losing out to the hosts in the final. Despite impressing during a trial with Manchester United after the tournament, he ended up joining Italian club Udinese. Udinese He joined Udinese in 2001, where his first season was spent in the reserves. He made his first-team debut on 6 November 2002, against Milan. In his second full season, he made 23 appearances, and increased his standing to 33 appearances the following season, although indiscipline saw him sent off three times in 16 matches in the 2006–07 season. He left Udinese for Portsmouth after five seasons in Italy. Portsmouth Muntari had already indicated a desire to move to the English Premier League, when in early 2007 transfer bids were received from Portsmouth. He eventually opted for Portsmouth and transferred on 30 May 2007, for a new club record fee, believed to be around £7.1 million, signing a five-year contract. He was a regular member of the first XI throughout the 2007–08 season, playing 29 League matches and scoring four goals. He made his Premier league debut on the opening match-day on 11 August 2007 in Pompey's 2–2 away draw against Derby County. On 29 September, Muntari scored his first goal and provided an assist in a thrilling 7–4 victory over Reading. Muntari scored the seventh goal of", "title": "Sulley Muntari" }, { "docid": "1387385", "text": "Razak Pimpong (born 30 December 1982) is a Ghanaian former professional footballer who played as a striker and attacking midfielder for FC Midtjylland, FC Copenhagen, Viborg FF and other clubs. He was very versatile and could also play wide either as a right sided midfielder or right winger. Club career Pimpong was brought from Ghana to Denmark by FC Midtjylland, and made his debut for the team in 2000. He played more than 100 times for FCM, scoring 25 league goals for the club. In July 2005, he agreed a move to league rivals F.C. København from January 2006. Pimpong did not find initial success at FCK. His first, and only goal, for FCK came in April 2006, when he scored the deciding goal of the 2006 Royal League Final. He came on in the 69th minute and scored the only goal of the game in the 89th minute before he was sent off in injury time for overtly celebrating his goal. In 2007, Pimpong was transferred to Norwegian Tippeligaen club Viking FK for a sum reported to be around 4 million Norwegian Kroner. He signed a contract keeping him at the club until 2010. In February 2009, Egyptian side Al-Masry signed Pimpong from Viking FK. A few months later, on 27 July 2009, he signed for Danish club Viborg FF. On 24 June 2013, he announced his retirement from professional football, but a month later he regretted his decision and made a six-month deal with the Danish 2nd Division West club Ringkøbing IF. International career Pimpong was part of the Ghanaian 2004 Olympic football team, who exited in the first round, having finished in third place in group B. He was called up for the Ghanaian squad for the 2006 FIFA World Cup in Germany. He has played nine games for the Ghana national team, and represented Ghana at the 2004 Summer Olympic football tournament as well as the 2006 World Cup in Germany. Honours and awards FIFA World Youth Championship runner-up: 2001 Danish Superliga: 2005–06 References External links F.C. København statistics Fifa 2006 World Cup Profile 1982 births 2006 FIFA World Cup players Aalesunds FK players Accra Great Olympics F.C. players Al Masry SC players Men's association football forwards Men's association football wingers Danish Superliga players Egyptian Premier League players Eliteserien players Expatriate men's footballers in Denmark Expatriate men's footballers in Egypt Expatriate men's footballers in Norway F.C. Copenhagen players FC Midtjylland players Footballers at the 2004 Summer Olympics Ghana men's international footballers Ghana men's under-20 international footballers Ghanaian expatriate men's footballers Ghanaian expatriate sportspeople in Denmark Ghanaian expatriate sportspeople in Egypt Ghanaian expatriate sportspeople in Norway Ghanaian men's footballers Living people Olympic footballers for Ghana Ringkøbing IF players Footballers from Accra Viborg FF players Viking FK players", "title": "Razak Pimpong" }, { "docid": "20074668", "text": "Robert Dabou (born 10 November 1990) is a Ghanaian footballer who plays for the Ghana Premier League side Ashanti Gold as a goalkeeper. Career Dabou began his career at All Stars F.C. Before being promoted to the first team, he played his first game in 2007 for the squad. International Dabuo was a member of the Ghana national under-17 football team in 2007 FIFA U-17 World Cup in Korea Republic. On 19 August 2008, Dabuo was called up to the Satellites, and was part of the Ghana national under-20 football team that won the 2009 FIFA U-20 World Cup in Egypt. Titles and Honours International Ghana U-20 FIFA U-20 World Cup Champion: 2009 Trivia Fifa Profile References 1990 births Living people Ghanaian men's footballers Ghana men's under-20 international footballers Men's association football goalkeepers Legon Cities FC players Ashanti Gold S.C. players", "title": "Robert Dabuo" }, { "docid": "32593420", "text": "The Senegal national U-20 football team (French: Équipe du Sénégal de football U-20), nicknamed Les Lions de la Teranga (young Lions of Teranga) is the feeder team for the Senegal national football team and is controlled by the Senegalese Football Federation. They are the current champions of the U-20 Africa Cup of Nations and their senior team are the current champions of the AFCON and the CHAN. The first time Senegal qualified for a World Cup was in 2015, where they managed to qualify for the semi-finals up until they lost against Brazil 5–0, their biggest defeat. They then went on to loss the third place match against fellow WAFU member Mali. Senegal ended up finishing in fourth place, their best performance in the tournament. Senegal's first appearance in the Africa Cup of Nations was in 1993, when they drew 0–0 against Egypt. They then later lost to Ethiopia and Morocco respectively. Achievements Senegal U-20's have qualified for 4 FIFA U-20 World Cup finals. In 2007 & 2009 they got to the 1st Qualifying round, but got knocked out by Ghana (2007) & Nigeria (2009). In 2011 they got to the 2nd round, but got knocked out by Egypt. In the 2015 FIFA U-20 World Cup they reached the semi-finals of the finals tournament, losing 5–0 to Brazil and then losing 3–1 in the third-place match against Mali. In the 2019 FIFA U-20 World Cup, Amadou Sagna made the fastest goal in U-20 championships, 9.6 seconds after the beginning of the match against Tahiti. 2023 U-20 World Cup Being the current champion of Africa under-20, Senegal's favoritism to pass the stage was very big after an impressive display in the U-20 AFCON in Egypt, winning all games without conceding a goal as Senegal continued to conquer Africa. However, the 2023 FIFA U-20 World Cup became a total disaster for the Senegalese, as they started with a shock 0–1 defeat to Japan. Senegal also failed to hold the line properly against Israel in a humiliating 1–1 draw, where a Senegalese player even scored an own goal. Senegal improved against Colombia in the final match, and led 1–0 until the fifth minutes of added time in the second half when a late goal from the Colombian side ensured Senegal to finish bottom and suffer a group stage exit. This was the first-time ever in Senegalese football history, a national team of the country finished bottom of the table, a humiliating exit for the African champions. To make thing worse, Nigeria, Gambia and Tunisia, all three lost to Senegal in the earlier U-20 AFCON, successfully reached the knockout stage, ensuring Senegal's humiliation in the tournament. Competitive record FIFA U-20 World Cup record 1Draws include knockout matches decided on penalty kicks. Africa U-20 Cup of Nations Arab Cup U-20 FIFA World Cup matches Results and fixtures The following is a list of match results in the last 24 months, as well as any future matches that have been scheduled. 2021 2023 Players Current squad", "title": "Senegal national under-20 football team" }, { "docid": "8096944", "text": "George Blay (born 7 August 1980) is a Ghanaian former professional footballer who played as a right-back. Club career George Blay was born on 7 August 1980 in Elmina, Ghana and started to play football at Sekondi Hasaacas. He went to play in Belgium for Standard Liège, making his Belgian First Division debut under coach Aad de Mos on 31 August 1997 in a 3–0 away victory against Germinal Ekeren. He spent a total of five seasons at Standard, reaching two Belgian Cup finals under the guidance of coach Tomislav Ivić, however both of them were lost. Blay afterwards went to play for one season at Mechelen and in 2003 he went to play for three seasons at La Louviére. In 2006, Blay was transferred in Romania at Dinamo București, being recommended by his former Standard teammate, Liviu Ciobotariu, making his Liga I debut on 30 July 2006 in a 2–1 away victory against Național București, being used in his first season spent at the club by coach Mircea Rednic in 31 out of 34 rounds as the club won the title, also appearing in 12 matches as the club reached the sixteenths-finals of the 2006–07 UEFA Cup where they were eliminated with 3–1 on aggregate by Benfica. In the following season The Red Dogs had the objective of reaching the Champions League group stage, Blay playing in both legs of the third qualifying round against Lazio Roma, which however was lost with 4–2 on aggregate. In 2009 he went to play at Internațional Curtea de Argeș and Unirea Urziceni, before in 2011 he returned to Belgium and signed with Royal Antwerp in the Belgian Second Division who bought him to replace Bart Van Zundert, retiring at the end of the 2011–12 season. George Blay has a total of 180 Belgian First Division matches in which he scored 3 goals, made 80 appearances in Liga I and played 25 games in which he scored one goal in European competitions (including 3 appearances in the Intertoto Cup). International career George Blay played 7 games and scored one goal for Ghana, making his debut under coach Giuseppe Dossena on 8 April 2000 in a 1–0 away victory against Tanzania at the 2002 World Cup qualifiers first round. His following game was a 5–0 home victory against Sierra Leone at the 2002 World Cup qualifiers second round and in his third game played he scored his only goal for the national team in a friendly which ended 1–1 against Algeria. He was selected by coach Fred Osam-Duodu to be part of Ghana's squad from the 2002 African Cup of Nations, playing in all three games from the group stage, as the team qualified to the quarterfinals where he did not play in the 1–0 loss against Nigeria. On 17 May 2002, Blay made his last appearance for Ghana in a friendly which ended with a 2–0 loss against Slovenia. He also played for Ghana's under-20 national team, participating at the 1999 World Youth", "title": "George Blay" }, { "docid": "32252028", "text": "Ghana women's national under-20 football team (also known as the Black Princesses) represents Ghana in international youth football competitions. Fixtures and results Legend 2022 Head coaches Kuuku Dadzie (November 2009 – October 2011) Robert Sackey (2011–2014) Yusif Basigi ( September 2017–2019) Yusif Basigi (November 2020 – May 2021) Yusif Basigi (March 2023 – ) Competitive record FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup record African U-20 Women's World Cup Qualification record See also Ghana women's national football team Ghana women's national under-17 football team References External links Official Ghana Football Association website under20 African women's national under-20 association football teams", "title": "Ghana women's national under-20 football team" }, { "docid": "28635863", "text": "Kalif Alhassan (born 15 October 1990 in Accra) is a Ghanaian footballer who plays for PDX FC in USL League Two. Career Professional Alhassan began his career with Ghana Premier League side Liberty Professionals in 2007, helping the club to the semifinals of the 2009 WAFU Club Championship. In 2010, Alhassan signed with Portland Timbers of the USSF Division 2 Professional League, in hopes of staying with the club in 2011 for their inaugural season in Major League Soccer, the top tier of the United States soccer pyramid. In his first start for the Timbers, Alhassan scored in second-half stoppage time to give Portland a 1–0 victory over Puerto Rico Islanders. In 2011 Alhassan became the third player in Major League Soccer history to open his career with assists in each of his first three home games, all Timbers wins. He scored his first MLS goal for the Timbers on the opening weekend of the 2012 MLS season, chipping the ball over Philadelphia Union goalkeeper Zac MacMath to seal the Timbers' victory at 3–1. In addition to his goal, Alhassan assisted on another goal and earned the free kick which led to the equalizing goal. For his performance, Alhassan was named Player of the Week for week 1 of the 2012 MLS season, becoming the first Timbers player ever to win the award. Alhassan played 1,867 minutes in 28 matches in 2015 for Minnesota United FC. On 17 December 2015, Alhassan was released by Minnesota and picked up by the Tampa Bay Rowdies. He then went to play for the New York Cosmos in 2017, but was released in July 2017. In August 2017, Alhassan signed for Dila Gori. In 2019, he moved to India, signing with I-League champions Minerva Academy. International Alhassan began his international career in 2007 with the Ghana U-17 national team. He debuted with the Ghana U-20 national team in 2008 although he did not make the squad for the 2009 FIFA U-20 World Cup, won by Ghana. In May 2008 Alhassan was also called into a camp with the Ghana national team for the 2009 African Nations Championship, again missing out on the final squad. Personal Kalif is the son of former Ghana international and two-time Africa Cup of Nations winner George Alhassan. Career statistics Club References External links Kalif Alhassan at Portland Timbers 1990 births Living people Footballers from Accra Ghanaian men's footballers Ghanaian expatriate men's footballers Liberty Professionals F.C. players Portland Timbers (2001–2010) players Portland Timbers players Minnesota United FC (2010–2016) players Tampa Bay Rowdies players New York Cosmos (2010) players FC Dila Gori players OKC Energy FC players Punjab FC players USSF Division 2 Professional League players Major League Soccer players North American Soccer League (2011–2017) players Erovnuli Liga players I-League players Men's association football midfielders Expatriate men's soccer players in the United States Expatriate men's footballers in Georgia (country) Expatriate men's footballers in India USL League Two players", "title": "Kalif Alhassan" }, { "docid": "12416277", "text": "André Morgan Rami Ayew (; born 17 December 1989), also known as Dede Ayew in Ghana, is a professional footballer who plays as a winger or forward for Ligue 1 club Le Havre and serves as captain for the Ghana national team. André Ayew is the second-born son of three-time African Footballer of the Year and FIFA 100 member Abedi \"Pele\" Ayew and has two brothers, Ibrahim and Jordan, who also are professional footballers. In 2011 Ayew was named the BBC African Footballer of the Year and Ghanaian Footballer of the Year. Ayew began his career in Germany, playing for 1860 Munich, while debuting for the club at age seven. In 2006, he signed with his father's former club, Marseille, and spent two seasons in the club's youth academy before making his debut in the 2007–08 season. Ayew spent the following two seasons on loan with Lorient and Arles-Avignon, helping the latter team earn promotion to Ligue 1 for the first time. In 2010, he returned to Marseille and became an integral part of the first team under manager Didier Deschamps, making over 200 appearances and winning consecutive Trophée des Champions and Coupe de la Ligues in both 2010 and 2011. Born in France, Ayew has been a full international for Ghana since 2008 and has earned 120 caps. At youth level, he starred for and captained the under-20 team that won both the 2009 African Youth Championship and the 2009 FIFA U-20 World Cup. He has played in three FIFA World Cups (2010, 2014 and 2022), as well as eight Africa Cup of Nations (2008, 2010, 2012, 2015, 2017, 2019, 2021 and 2023), helping them finish runners-up in 2010 and 2015, and was top goalscorer at the latter tournament. Club career Early career Ayew began his career with 1860 München, where his father played. At the age of ten, Ayew was playing for Nania, where his father is club chairman, in Accra, Ghana. After four years of plying his trade in the club's youth academy, he was promoted to the team's senior squad at the age of 14. Despite being on the senior team, he still participated in youth-sanctioned events, such as the 2004 edition of the Altstetten U-19 Tournament, in which he was named one of the tournament's most famous players. Ayew played professional football at Nania for two seasons before departing the club and returning to France to play for his father's former club Marseille. Ayew joined the club on an aspirant (\"trainee\") contract and, upon his arrival, was put into the club's youth system and placed onto Marseille's first professional contract, agreeing to a three-year deal. He was officially promoted to the senior team and assigned the squad number 29 shirt. Marseille Ayew made his professional debut for Marseille on 15 August 2007 in a league match against Valenciennes, coming on as a substitute for Modeste M'bami in the 89th minute. Marseille lost the match 2–1. On 6 November, he made his UEFA Champions League debut", "title": "André Ayew" } ]	[ { "docid": "13007619", "text": "Grace Adams (born 2 November 1995) is a Ghanaian footballer who plays as a midfielder and central defender for Uzbekistan Women's League club PFC Sevinch and the Ghana women's national team. she was under full a scholarship in the University of South Florida and playing as well as a student athlete (2015-2019) United States of America, now a degree holder. she captain the Ghana black princess (u20) in the FIFA u20 world Cup held in Canada 2014. Early life Born to Robert and Elizabeth in the Central Region suburb of Edumfa, Cape Coast. Adams was raised with her one older sister and four older brothers in the suburb of Edumfa and relocated to Accra. she was a multi-sport athlete growing up and began playing soccer at an early age with boys (VIP Stars FC) team in her area. Adams attended a cluster of school odorkor 4&5 basic and MacLean Junior High school, where she was a first choice athlete in different sports and was named in all-time interschools athlete. At the school she was known for her activeness and soccer abilities. she later credited the program as an integral part of her development as a soccer player... program like interschools games and regional games help developed a strong mentality of playing soccer because i played with best players and learn from the best coaches. In 2008 at age 13, Adams was called up to the Ghana under 17 National team camp at the Ghanaman Soccer Center of Excellence Prampram. unfortunately, Adams couldn't make up to the team for the first edition of FIFA U17 world Cup. On 2010, Adams had an other called up for the qualifiers for U17 world Cup held in Trinidad and Tobago. she made the team for the qualifiers and the world cup as well, that is where her national career started. Club career Adams began her career in Ghana at Prison Ladies, before moving to the United States to continue her education and career as a student-athlete. She enrolled in the University of South Florida from 2015 to 2018, playing for as a student athlete South Florida Bulls in the American Athletic Conference. She won the 2017 season. Shortly after graduating early from the University of South Florida, she reinstated to Ghana. On 16 August 2019, she joined Nigeria Women Premier League side Rivers Angels on a one-year deal. On 24 January 2020 Adams moved to Lebanon, signing for SAS mid-2019–20 season. She played seven matches for her new club, assisting five goals; she helped her side win the league. Adams returned to Ghana, playing for Berry Ladies in the National Women's League. In 2021, she joined Kazakhstan championship club BIIK Shymkent. International career Grace Adams first international appearance for Ghana was in 2010 at the second edition of the FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup held in Trinidad and Tobago. Adams then progressed to the under-20 team, who qualified to the 2012 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup. In Adams's second appearance at the U-20 level,", "title": "Grace Adams" }, { "docid": "38937100", "text": "Seidu Salifu is a Ghanaian footballer who last played for Ümraniyespor in Turkey after a short spell at Adana Demirspor Formerly of Club Africain in the Tunisian Ligue Professionnelle 1, he plays as a midfielder. In 2013, coach Sellas Tetteh called him up to be a member of the Ghana Under 20 national team for the 2013 African Youth Championship in Algeria, and he was a member of the Ghana Under 20 national team for the 2013 FIFA U-20 World Cup in Turkey. In March 2015, he got his debut call up into Ghana national football team. Career Early career Salifu began his youth career playing for Tamale Young Kotoko in the Ghana Juvenile Association Colts League. Club career Salifu came to prominence in 2010 when he moved to All Stars F.C. He had a remarkable three-year spell at the club especially in 2012 and after his success in the games of the 2013 African U-20 Championship qualification, Salifu was highly sought after by top teams in Ghana including Asante Kotoko SC. After playing a key role for the Black Satellites at the FIFA U-20 Championship 2013 in Turkey he moved to the Tunisian side Club Africain. In July 2015, Salifu turned down a trial with Bundesliga side Hamburger SV. On 27 August 2016, Seidu Salifu agreed terms to play for Adana Demirspor in Turkey and managed just one league appearance. Salifu joined Ümraniyespor after six months International career African Youth Championship Salifu was part of the Ghana Under-20 national team during the qualification rounds for the 2013 African U-20 Championship. In 2013, coach Sellas Tetteh called him up for the Ghana Under-20 national team for the 2013 tournament in Algeria. During the competition he scored from a long distance in the group match game against Algeria. FIFA U-20 Championship, Turkey 2013 Salifu was a member of the Ghana Under-20 national team that took part and in the 2013 FIFA U-20 tournament in Turkey. He scored one of Ghana's goal in the 4–3 win over Chile in the quarter-finals. Ghana national team In March 2015, Salifu was called up to the Ghana squad to face Senegal national football team and Mali national football team. Career statistics Honours Club Club Africain Tunisian Ligue Professionnelle 1 (1): 2014–15 International Ghana U-20 World Cup: Third Place 2013 African Youth Championship: Runners up 2013 References External links Seidu Salifu at TFF 1993 births Living people Ghanaian men's footballers Ghana men's under-20 international footballers Ghanaian expatriate men's footballers Club Africain players Ümraniyespor footballers Legon Cities FC players Expatriate men's footballers in Tunisia Men's association football midfielders Footballers from Tamale, Ghana", "title": "Seidu Salifu" }, { "docid": "50554665", "text": "Lawrence Lartey (born 23 March 1994) is a Ghanaian footballer who plays as a defender for Hawassa Kenema and the Ghana national team. Club career Nania FC Lartey began his football career with F.C. Nania from Legon, Greater Accra Region. He helped the club to win the reintroduced Ghanaian FA Cup by defeating Asante Kotoko, while also winning the Ghana Super Cup by defeating Berekum Chelsea in 2011. After three seasons he transferred to AshantiGold from Obuasi. AshantiGold He spent four seasons with AshGold, helping the team secure their fourth Ghanaian Premier League title in his final year with the club before relocating to South Africa and signing with Ajax Cape Town. Ajax Cape Town On 16 November 2015 it was announced that Lartey had signed with South African Premier Soccer League side Ajax Cape Town. He made 13 appearances in his first season with the club under manager Roger De Sá. Club Africain Tunisian side Club Africain announced the signing of Lartey on July 11, 2017, with Lartey becoming the 2nd Ghanaian to sign with the club after Seidu Salifu. He signed a 3-year contract as a free agent following the expiration of his contract with Ajax CT. Hawassa City Lartey signed a one-year contract with two time Ethiopian Premier League champions Hawassa City S.C. at the start of the 2017-18 season. In August 2018 the club announced they had come to an agreement with Lartey on a one-year extension. International career Ghana Youth teams Lartey plays for the Ghana national U20 team. He has captained Ghana at both the 2013 Africa U-20 Cup of Nations, where his team finished as runners-up to Egypt U20, losing the final 5–6 on penalties, as well as the 2013 FIFA U-20 World Cup where he captained Ghana to a third-place finish in Turkey. In 2014, he received his first call-up for the under-23 national team. Ghana Senior team On 1 September 2015, Lartey made his debut for the senior team of Ghana, playing the full 90-minutes in a friendly match against the Congo which ended in a 3–2 away win in Brazzaville. Honours Club Nania FC Ghanaian FA Cup (1): 2011 Ghana Super Cup (1): 2011 AshantiGold Ghanaian Premier League (1): 2014–15 International Ghana under-20 FIFA U-20 World Cup Third place: 2013 Africa U-20 Cup of Nations Runners-up: 2013 References 1994 births Living people Ghanaian men's footballers Ghana men's international footballers Ghanaian expatriate men's footballers Men's association football defenders Ashanti Gold S.C. players Club Africain players Cape Town Spurs F.C. players Ghana Premier League players Expatriate men's soccer players in South Africa Expatriate men's footballers in Tunisia Expatriate men's footballers in Ethiopia Ghanaian expatriate sportspeople in South Africa Ghanaian expatriate sportspeople in Tunisia Ghanaian expatriate sportspeople in Ethiopia African Games gold medalists for Ghana African Games medalists in football Competitors at the 2015 African Games Place of birth missing (living people)", "title": "Lawrence Lartey" }, { "docid": "39876208", "text": "The 2014 African U-20 Women's World Cup Qualifying Tournament was the 7th edition of the African U-20 Women's World Cup Qualifying Tournament, the biennial international youth football competition organised by the Confederation of African Football (CAF) to determine which women's under-20 national teams from Africa qualify for the FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup. The tournament was played on a home and away knockout basis between September 2013 and 24 January 2014. 17 teams entered the competition, although Egypt withdrew before playing a match. The top two teams of the tournament Ghana and Nigeria qualified for the 2014 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup in Canada as the CAF representatives. Participants The Confederation of African Football invited all national teams, needing confirmation of participation by 14 July 2013. Eventually 17 teams entered the competition. Preliminary round Uganda's 13–0 return leg win was a tournament record for the African qualifiers. \|} Uganda won 22−0 on aggregate and advanced to the first round. First round Nigeria was drawn to play Burkina Faso this round, but after Burkina Faso withdrew they were paired against Sierra Leone. \|} 1: Egypt withdrew from their match against Uganda. 2: Guinea-Bissau withdrew from their match against Ghana. Second round Played on weekends of 6 and 20 December 2013. \|} 1: Uganda withdrew from their match against Ghana for financial reasons. Third round Played on weekends of 10 and 24 January 2014. Nigeria qualified for the seventh time in as many attempts. Ghana qualifies for the third time in a row. \|} Qualified teams for FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup The following two teams from CAF qualified for the FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup. References External links Official schedule and results Results and schedule at futbol24.com African U-20 Women's World Cup qualification CAF Wom 2014 in youth association football", "title": "2014 African U-20 Women's World Cup qualification" }, { "docid": "48260805", "text": "Thomas Agyepong (born 10 October 1996) is a Ghanaian professional footballer who plays as a winger for Estonian club Paide Linnameeskond. He has previously played on loan for Dutch clubs Twente and NAC Breda, Scottish club Hibernian and Belgian clubs Waasland-Beveren and Lommel. He has also made six full international appearances for Ghana national team. Club career Manchester City Agyepong joined Manchester City in 2015 from the Right to Dream Academy. Loan to FC Twente Agyepong was loaned to Dutch Eredivisie team FC Twente for the 2015–16 Eredivisie season. He made his debut on 4 October, appearing as a substitute in a 3–1 loss to AZ Alkmaar. His first start came on 24 October in a 3–1 loss to PSV Eindhoven playing 62 minutes. A shoulder injury suffered in March required surgery, which ended his season. Loan to NAC Breda On 10 July 2016, Agyepong signed on loan with Dutch second division team NAC Breda for the 2016–17 season. He made his debut on 12 August, playing 61 minutes in a 2–1 win over Achilles '29. On 2 December, he scored his first goal for the club, in the 92 minute of a 3–1 win over Almere City. Loan to Hibernian In August 2018, Agyepong joined Scottish Premiership club Hibernian on loan until the end of the 2018–19 season, pending approval of a work permit application. Agyepong missed much of the 2018–19 season due to knee and thigh injuries. Loan to Waasland-Beveren In August 2019, Agyepong was loaned to Belgian First Division A club Waasland-Beveren until the end of the 2019–20 season. Loan to Lommel S.K. In October 2020, Agyepong and teammate Aminu Mohammed joined Belgian First Division B side Lommel on loan until the end of the 2020–21 season. Like his parent club, Lommel are owned by City Football Group. International career Agyepong made his debut for the Ghana national football team in a 5–0 2019 Africa Cup of Nations qualification win over Ethiopia on 11 June 2017. He made four further appearances for Ghana during 2017, including two 2018 World Cup qualifiers against Congo. Despite his injury problems during the 2018–19 season, Agyepong was included in the provisional squad for the 2019 Africa Cup of Nations. He made the final squad and was selected for the first match, but suffered an injury after 36 minutes and did not play again in the tournament. Career statistics Club International References External links Living people 1996 births Men's association football forwards Ghanaian men's footballers Ghana men's international footballers Manchester City F.C. players FC Twente players NAC Breda players Eredivisie players Eerste Divisie players Ghanaian expatriate men's footballers Expatriate men's footballers in England Expatriate men's footballers in the Netherlands Ghanaian expatriate sportspeople in England Ghanaian expatriate sportspeople in the Netherlands Hibernian F.C. players Expatriate men's footballers in Scotland Scottish Professional Football League players 2019 Africa Cup of Nations players S.K. Beveren players Ghanaian expatriate sportspeople in Belgium Expatriate men's footballers in Belgium Belgian Pro League players Ghana men's under-20 international footballers Ghanaian", "title": "Thomas Agyepong" }, { "docid": "67890091", "text": "Moro Salifu (born 15 December 1998) is a Ghanaian professional footballer who plays as midfielder Egyptian club Al Ittihad Alexandria. He previously played for Ghana Premier League sides Bechem United and Medeama SC, whilst having a short stint at Ivorian team Academie de Foot Amadou Diallo. Club career Medeama SC Salifu started his career with Tarkwa-based club Medeama SC. He made his debut during the 2016 Ghana Premier League season. He played his first match on 6 March 2016 in a 2–2 draw against Kumasi Asante Kotoko, coming on at half time for Paul Aidoo. He ended his first season with 9 league matches and 1 CAF Confederation Cup. Bechem United After a full season with Medeama, Salifu joined Bechem United in 2017. He made his debut on 22 February 2017 in a 1–0, coming on in the 40th minute for Joseph Amoah. His first professional goal came on 27 August 2018 in a 1–0 league win over Ashanti Gold. He made 14 league appearances and scored 1 goal in the 2017 Ghana Premier League. AFAD Djékanou In March 2019, Salifu moved to Ivory Coast and joined Ivory Coast Ligue 1 side Academie de Foot Amadou Diallo, after being linked with a move to ASEC Mimosas and Algerian top side ES Sétif. He signed a two-year contract with the club, however played there for a season. Return to Bechem United Salifu returned to Ghana and joined his former club Bechem United ahead of the 2019–20 season. In his return, he played 10 league matches and scored 2 goals, before the league was cancelled due to the outbreak of the COVID-19 in Ghana. After that impressive short season, he was linked with a move to Kumasi giants Asante Kotoko as a backup and future midfield partner for Justice Blay. He however did not join Asante Kotoko and was appointed as the club captain ahead of the 2020–21 Ghana Premier League season. He ended the season as one of the highly rated midfielders, with 7 goals (6 penalty kicks) in 24 matches and won five man of the match awards. Al Ittihad Alexandria Club On 29 August 2021, Egyptian club Al Ittihad Alexandria Club announced that they had signed Salifu on a three-year contract until 2024. This was after he had been on the radar of several clubs including fellow Egyptian club Al Masry and Ghanaian clubs Asante Kotoko and Hearts of Oak. International career Salifu has previously played for the Ghana national under-17 team. In 2018–2019, he was an integral member of the Ghana national under-23 team during their 2019 Africa U-23 Cup of Nations qualifiers for the 2020 Tokyo Summer Olympics. Salifu was handed a late call-up into the Ghana national football team in June 2021, ahead of friendly matches against Morocco and Ivory Coast. Honours Medeama SC Ghana Super Cup: 2016 References External links Living people 1998 births Men's association football midfielders Ghanaian men's footballers Medeama S.C. players Bechem United F.C. players Ghana Premier League players Footballers from Tamale,", "title": "Moro Salifu" }, { "docid": "76351204", "text": "Grace Acheampong (born 6 September 2000) is a Ghanaian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for BIIK Kazygurt and the Ghana women's national football team. She previously played for Ashtown Ladies and Ampem Darkoa Ladies. Career Acheampong was born in Kumasi, the capital city of the Ashanti region of Ghana. Acheampong started her career in Ghana where she played for Ashtown Ladies, before joining Ampem Darkoa Ladies where she eventually gained prominence. At Ampem Darkoa she helped the team win double, the Ghana Women's Premier League and the Ghana Women's FA Cup in the 2021–22 season, in the process being adjudged the League's Best Player of the Season. In July 2023, Acheampong moved to BIIK Kazygurt in Kazakhstan. Between 2016 and 2018, Acheampong was a member of Ghana's under-17 team, the Black Princesses. In 2016, she was a key member of the squad that competed for Ghana at the 2016 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup, playing alongside Sandra Owusu Ansah. Between 2018 and 2020, she was a member of the Ghana under-20 team, the Black Maidens. She was a member of the squad that played in the 2018 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup, playing alongside Ernestina Abambila, Evelyn Badu and Justice Tweneboaa. On 18 October 2021, Acheampong received a call-up into the senior women's team, the Black Queens for the 2022 Women's Africa Cup of Nations qualifiers against Nigeria. References External links Living people 2000 births People from Kumasi Ghanaian sportspeople Footballers from Kumasi 21st-century Ghanaian women Ghanaian women's footballers", "title": "Grace Acheampong" }, { "docid": "76494811", "text": "Blessing Shine Agbomadzi (born 11 June 2001) is a Ghanaian professional footballer who plays as a defender for Moroccan Women's Championship club AS FAR and the Ghana women's national team. She also represented Ghana at youth international level. Club career Agbomadzi started her career with Kumasi Sports Academy Ladies before joining Sea Lions. She played for Sea Lions in the Ghana Women's Premier League. In October 2020, she joined Israeli top-flight side, Hapoel Be'er Sheva on a two-year deal. Her time at Hapoel Be'er Sheva was cut short abruptly as it lasted only a season, due to the conflict between Israel and Palestine which spanned for months. Agbomadzi returned to Ghana and subsequently joined Hasaacas Ladies ahead of the maiden CAF Women's Champions League. She played in all matches and formed a strong centre-back partnership with Janet Egyir, helping Hasaacas Ladies to reach the final of the 2021 CAF Women's Champions League. They however lost to Mamelodi Sundowns Ladies by 2–0 in the 2021 CAF Women's Champions League final. In her only season (2021–22 season) with Hasaacas, she played in 17 out of 19 league matches with Hasaacas finishing the season as Southern Zone Champions but losing the championship final to Ampem Darkoa Ladies. She was nominated for the Defender of the Year award. In September 2022, Agbomadzi joined Moroccan Women's Championship club AS FAR on a two-year contract. In her first season with the club, she won the 2022 CAF Women's Champions League where she played in all matches, including the final which AS FAR won by 4–0 against defending champions Mamelodi Sundowns Ladies. The following season, she won a double, winning the Moroccan Women's Championship and Moroccan Women Throne Cup trophies. She also helped AS FAR to win place third in the 2023 CAF Women's Champions League defeating Ampem Darkoa Ladies by 2–0. As a result of that, she became the first player to win all three medals in the CAF Women's Champions League. International career Agbomadzi played for the Ghana U-17 women's team, the Black Maidens. In 2016, she was a member of the team that played at the 2016 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup, where they reached the quarter-finals. She played alongside Sandra Owusu-Ansah, Nina Norshie and Vivian Adjei. In 2018, Agbomadzi was a member of the Ghana U-20 women's team, the Black Princesses and was part of the squad that played at the 2018 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup coached by Yusif Basigi. In August 2020, she was also part of the 31 players who were invited to the Black Princesses camp ahead of the 2020 FIFA U-20 World Cup qualifying matches. In late October 2020, FIFA announced that the 2020 edition of the tournament had been cancelled. Honours Hasaacas Ladies CAF Women's Champions League runner-up: 2021 Ghana Women's Super Cup: 2021 First Lady's Cup: 2021 AS FAR CAF Women's Champions League: 2022 Moroccan Women's Championship: 2022–23 Moroccan Women Throne Cup: 2023 Individual Ghana Football Awards Women's Footballer of the Year: 2023 References External links", "title": "Blessing Agbomadzi" }, { "docid": "42265744", "text": "Ghana women's national under-17 football team represents Ghana in international youth football competitions. It is one of the strongest in Africa and is the only African nation to have qualified to every youth World Cup until they failed to qualify for 2022 in India. FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup record African U-17 Cup of Nations for Women 2008 - Runners-up 2010 - Champion 2012 - Champion 2013 - Champion 2016 - Champion 2018 - Champion : with Nigeria : with Gambia & Nigeria : with Nigeria & Zambia : with Nigeria & Cameroon : with Cameroon & South Africa Current squad Squad for the 2016 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup. Previous squads 2008 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup 2010 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup 2012 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup 2014 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup 2016 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup See also Ghana women's national football team Ghana women's national under-20 football team References External links Team profile - soccerway.com under African women's national under-17 association football teams", "title": "Ghana women's national under-17 football team" }, { "docid": "67667084", "text": "Robert Saba (born 2 January 1975) is a former Ghanaian professional footballer who played as a midfielder for Accra Hearts of Oak for most of his career. He also played for the Ghana national football team. Club career Saba started his career with Advanced Stars before joining Voradep Ho where he won the Ghanaian FA Cup in his first season in 1991–92. He joined Accra Hearts of Oak in 1992–93 season later winning the Ghanaian FA Cup in 1993–94. He joined Al Hilal SFC and won the Saudi Premier League in 1995–96, his only season with the club. Saba returned to Accra Hearts of Oak in 1996. He further went on to win the Ghana Premier League in five consecutive seasons from 1996–97 to 2001 and winning the Ghanaian FA Cup in 1999 and 2000. He moved to Haras El Hodoud SC in the Egyptian Premier League where he spent two seasons from 2002 to 2004. International career Saba played for all national team ranks for Ghana from U-17, U-20, U-23 to the senior national team. Saba featured for Ghana national football team twice between 1993 and 1995. He known for being one of the few Ghanaian footballers to have played for all Ghana's national teams. He played a total 39 matches for all national teams, featuring 18 times for the senior side, the Black Stars. Personal life Saba is the brother of fellow Ghanaian international Christian Saba who played for Bayern Munich II for most of his career. The duo lost their father Daniel Saba in 2017. Honours Club Voradep Ho Ghanaian FA Cup: 1991–92 Hearts of Oak Ghana Premier League: 1996–97, 1997–98, 1999, 2000, 2001 Ghanaian FA Cup: 1993–94, 1999, 2000 Ghana Super Cup: 1997, 1998 CAF Champions League: 2000 CAF Super Cup: 2001 Al Hilal Saudi Premier League: 1995–96 References External links Living people 1975 births Men's association football midfielders Ghanaian men's footballers Ghana men's international footballers Ghanaian expatriate men's footballers Accra Hearts of Oak S.C. players Ghana Premier League players Ghana men's under-20 international footballers Ghana men's youth international footballers Al Hilal SFC players Saudi Pro League players Haras El Hodoud SC players Expatriate men's footballers in Saudi Arabia Expatriate men's footballers in Egypt Ghanaian expatriate sportspeople in Saudi Arabia Ghanaian expatriate sportspeople in Egypt Egyptian Premier League players Footballers from Accra Ga-Adangbe people", "title": "Robert Saba" }, { "docid": "67284816", "text": "Rashid Alhassan (born 20 June 2000) is a Ghanaian professional footballer who plays as left-back. He played for the national under-17 team at the 2017 Africa U-17 Cup of Nations and 2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup, placing second in the former. Club career Aduana Stars Alhassan started his career with Aduana Stars. He made his Ghana Premier League debut during the 2017 Ghana Premier League season. On 25 June 2017, he made his debut, playing the full 90 minutes in a 1–0 against Tema Youth. On 15 October 2017, he scored an equalizer in 57th minute to help Aduana to a 2–1 victory over Elmina Sharks, to help them to win the league with one a game to spare. He featured in 12 league matches and scored 2 goals to eventually help Aduana Stars clinch the league title that season and win the title in his debut season. He was limited to 12 matches due to being engaged with the Ghana U-17 team within that same period. Based on his performance for both Aduana and the Ghana U-17 team, he was reportedly linked with moves to top flight teams in Germany, Italy, England and USA. FK Mladá Boleslav Alhassan moved to Czech Republic and signed with Czech First League FK Mladá Boleslav in 2019. He was drafted into the teams U-19 side and later to their U-21 side. He was later promoted to the FK Mlada Boleslav B team. International career Youth team Alhassan featured for the Ghana national under-17 football team in 2017. He was named in the 21 man squad for the 2017 Africa U-17 Cup of Nations. During the first match against Cameroon, he played the full 90 minutes and helped Ghana keep a clean sheet and win by 4–0. At the end he featured in 3 matches, helping Ghana place second and qualify for the 2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup to be hosted by India. On 21 September 2017, Paa Kwesi Fabin, named him in his 21-man squad ahead of the 2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup along with promising youngsters like Mohammed Kudus, Ibrahim Danlad, Eric Ayiah and Emmanuel Toku. He was one of the highly rated Ghanaian players at the World Cup tournament. He played in all 5 matches as Ghana reached the quarter-final stage and were eliminated by their African counterparts Mali. Style of play Alhassan plays in a left-back position. He combines both defensive and offensive play within a match. He is seen as a hard-working defender who is relentless at closing down on opponents to win back possession and determined to put in the decent tackles. His style of play is put in line with the modern day left-back who can defend, enjoys joining attacks, dribbling and delivering quality crosses. His qualities drew comparisons to top Real Madrid left-back Marcelo. Honours Aduana Ghana Premier League: 2017 Ghana U-17 Africa U-17 Cup of Nations runner-up: 2017 References External links 2000 births Living people Ghanaian men's footballers Ghana men's youth international footballers Men's association", "title": "Rashid Alhassan (footballer, born 2000)" }, { "docid": "4422445", "text": "The following is a list of notable rugby union competitions that are still currently in existence. This includes both international tournaments played by national Test teams and also domestic club and provincial competitions. International tournaments Four Nations Tournament — Belgium, Spain, Welsh club XV, France amateur Pan-American Championship — Uruguay, Canada, United States and Argentina South American Rugby Championship Super Cup — Canada, Japan, Russia and United States (formerly called the Super Powers Cup) World Rugby Under 20 Championship — First-tier worldwide competition for under-20 men; replaced Under 19 and Under 21 World Championships starting in 2008 World Rugby Under 20 Trophy — Second-tier worldwide competition for under-20 men Autumn internationals — A name which refers to a series of Tests which take place usually in November each year in the Northern Hemisphere Africa Cup — The main tournament for African nations. CAR Super 16 — A regional tournament for African nations below the Africa Cup. Viking Tri-nations Rugby A rugby tournament Played by Norway, Denmark, and since 2011 Sweden. See also: Rugby union at the Summer Olympics Rugby union tours Women's international rugby Club and provincial tournaments Intercontinental United Rugby Championship — provincial/regional teams from Ireland, Italy, Scotland, South Africa and Wales. The competition began as the Celtic League, restricted to the three Celtic nations; became Pro12 when two Italian teams joined in 2010–11 and Pro14 when two South African teams joined in 2017–18. In 2021 the name was changed to United Rugby Championship. Global Rapid Rugby — currently on hold due to the COVID-19 pandemic, with an uncertain future. It was established in 2019 involving six professional teams from Australia, Asia and the Pacific. Super Rugby Pacific Africa South Africa Currie Cup — South African provincial tournament SA Cup (South Africa) — Launched in 2024 for provincial teams not part of the URC. Qualifier competition for Currie Cup from 2025 Varsity Rugby — a two-tier annual South African inter-university competition Gold Cup — an annual South African inter-club competition, also featuring invitational teams from Namibia and Zimbabwe Ghana Ghana Rugby Club Championship (GRCC) — The top tier rugby union competition in Ghana since 2014. Kenya Kenya Cup — The top tier rugby union competition in Kenya since 1970. Americas SRA Super Rugby Americas - is a professional rugby union competition and the top-level championship for many countries in South America. Argentina Nacional de Clubes - Club competition in Argentina Torneo de la URBA - Club competition for teams from Buenos Aires and Rosario Torneo del Interior - Club competition for teams outside Buenos Aires Brazil Campeonato Brasileiro de Rugby - Club competition in Brazil Canada Major League Rugby Canadian Rugby Championship - NB: Now defunct, it was the successor to Rugby Canada Super League United States Major League Rugby - a professional men’s league representing the highest level of rugby competition in North America. USA Rugby Women's Premier League (USARWPL) - Women's club competition in the United States Uruguay Club Championship - Club competition in Uruguay Asia Hong", "title": "List of rugby union competitions" }, { "docid": "54309291", "text": "The 2018 African U-20 Women's World Cup Qualifying Tournament was the 9th edition of the African U-20 Women's World Cup Qualifying Tournament, the biennial international youth football competition organised by the Confederation of African Football (CAF) to determine which women's under-20 national teams from Africa qualify for the FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup. Players born on or after 1 January 1998 are eligible to compete in the tournament. Two teams qualify from this tournament for the 2018 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup in France as the CAF representatives. Teams A total of 19 (out of 54) CAF member national teams entered the qualifying rounds. The draw was announced by the CAF on 15 June 2017. Notes Teams in bold qualified for the World Cup. Did not enter Format Qualification ties are played on a home-and-away two-legged basis. If the aggregate score is tied after the second leg, the away goals rule is applied, and if still tied, the penalty shoot-out (no extra time) is used to determine the winner. Schedule The schedule of the qualifying rounds is as follows. Bracket The two winners of the third round qualify for the 2018 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup. Preliminary round \|} Burundi won 8–1 on aggregate. Sierra Leone won on walkover after Libya withdrew. Kenya won on walkover after Botswana withdrew prior to the second leg for financial reasons. First round \|} Burundi won on walkover after Rwanda withdrew. South Africa won 9–0 on aggregate. Morocco won 3–2 on aggregate. Nigeria won 9–0 on aggregate. Sierra Leone won on walkover after Tunisia withdrew. Cameroon won on walkover after Guinea withdrew prior to the second leg. Ghana won 10–0 on aggregate. Kenya won 4–3 on aggregate. Second round \|} South Africa won 5–2 on aggregate. Nigeria won 6–2 on aggregate. Cameroon won on walkover after Sierra Leone withdrew. Ghana won 10–1 on aggregate. Third round Winners qualify for 2018 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup. \|} Nigeria won 8–0 on aggregate. Ghana won 4–1 on aggregate. Qualified teams for FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup The following two teams from CAF qualified for the 2018 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup. 1 Bold indicates champions for that year. Italic indicates hosts for that year. Goalscorers 10 goals Princella Adubea Rasheedat Ajibade 6 goals Linda Motlhalo 5 goals Falonne Nahimana 4 goals Anam Imo 3 goals Olivia Anokye Helena Obeng Vivian Corazone Gift Monday Gabriela Salgado 2 goals Alexandra Takounda Dolores Tsadjia Mirkat Feleke Ernestina Abambila Grace Asantewaa Sandra Owusu-Ansah Martha Amunyolet Marjolen Nekesa Charity Reuben Lelona Daweti 1 goal Leano Atlang Asha Djafari Charlotte Irankunda Erica Kanyamuneza Sandrine Niyonkuru Aniella Uwimana Claudia Dabda Soline Djoubi Elodie Metho Michele Moumazin Colette Ndzana Marie Ngah Kafia Abdourahman Arab Alemnesh Geremew Vivian Adjei Philicity Asuako Maureen Khakasa Rachael Muema Jentrix Shikangwa Cynthia Shilwatso Diana Wacera Soumia Hady Sanaâ Mssoudy Rania Salmi Nouhaila Sedki Fatima Tagnaout Cynthia Aku Peace Efih Folashade Ijamilusi Lilian Tule Haby Baldé Maty Cissokho Lindokuhle Gladile Ntombifikile Ndlovu Khanya Xesi References External links African Qualifiers FIFA", "title": "2018 African U-20 Women's World Cup qualification" }, { "docid": "35456447", "text": "James Kwesi Appiah (born 30 June 1960), also known as Akwasi Appiah, is a Ghanaian football coach and former player who played as a left back and is currently the head coach of Sudan national football team. Early life and education Appiah was born on 30 June 1960 in Kumasi. He attended Opoku Ware School (OWASS) for his secondary school education. Club career Appiah, a left back, played club football for Prestea Mine Stars between 1982 and 1983, before joining Asante Kotoko, playing for them between 1983 and 1993. International career Appiah played for the Ghana national team between 1982 and 1992, appearing in two FIFA World Cup qualifying matches; he also captained the team. Appiah was part of the 1982 squad that won the 1982 African Cup of Nations. Coaching career Between 1992 and 1995 Appiah served as the assistant coach for his former club Asante Kotoko including deputizing under Malik Jabir. He was subsequently promoted to serve in the role of head coach from 1995 to 1996. He served as a coach as part of the technical team of Fred Osam-Duodu when he served as Head coach of the Ghana national team from 2000 to 2001. He has received technical training from English clubs Manchester City, and Liverpool. James Kwesi Appiah was Ghana's assistant coach between 2007 and 2012 serving under Claude Le Roy and Milovan Rajevac. Appiah was coach of Ghana U23 as they won the 2011 All-Africa Games. He was appointed as the Head coach of the Ghana national team in April 2012, describing himself as \"the underdog\" in the process. His Ghana team qualified for the 2014 World Cup in Brazil, making him the first black African coach to take the country to the World Cup. He was given a new two-year contract in May 2014. After the country exited the World Cup in the group stages, Appiah defended his team. He left his position as Ghana manager by mutual consent in September 2014. He became manager of Sudanese club Al Khartoum in December 2014. During his first season, he led the team to a fourth place finish and qualification to the Confederation Cup. The following season, he led the club in attaining the highest points tally per season in the club’s history, 65 points, however they did not qualify for the CAF Confederation Cup. In April 2017 he was re-appointed as the coach of the Ghana national team, replacing former Chelsea manager Avram Grant. He was sacked in January 2020. In July 2021, he was appointed as the head coach of Kenpong Football Academy. In January 2023 he was linked with the manager's job at Tanzanian club Simba SC. He also applied to become Ghana national team manager. In September 2023, Appiah became the head coach of the Sudan national football team, whilst still working as Technical Director of Asante Kotoko in a joint role. Honours Player Asante Kotoko Ghana Premier League: 1983, 1986, 1987, 1988–89, 1990–91, 1991–92, 1992–93 Ghanaian FA Cup: 1984, 1989–90", "title": "James Kwesi Appiah" }, { "docid": "26169822", "text": "The 2010 African U-20 Women's World Cup Qualifying Tournament was the 5th edition of the African U-20 Women's World Cup Qualifying Tournament, the biennial international youth football competition organised by the Confederation of African Football (CAF) to determine which women's under-20 national teams from Africa qualify for the FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup. Players born on or after 1 January 1990 are eligible to compete in the tournament. The top two teams of the tournament Ghana and Nigeria qualified for the 2010 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup in Germany as the CAF representatives. Preliminary round In this preliminary round, São Tomé and Príncipe withdrew from competition before the start of the 1st leg. As a result, Central African Republic qualified for the next round. Mozambique, Kenya, Togo, and Sierra Leone all withdrew from preliminary competition. \|} Uganda won 3−1 on aggregate and advanced to the first round. Réunion won 7−2 on aggregate and advanced to the first round. Central African Rep. won on walkover after São Tomé and Príncipe did not appear for the first leg and advanced to the first round. First round In the first round, Tunisia, Ghana, and Zambia qualified for the next round after that Egypt, Congo and Uganda withdrew from competition before the start of the 1st leg. There was no matches due to withdrawal of Mozambique, Kenya, Togo and Sierra Leone. As a result, Zimbabwe and Nigeria qualified for the next round. \|} DR Congo won 3−1 on aggregate and advanced to the second round. Namibia won on penalties free kick 4−3 after a draw of 3−3 on aggregate and advanced to the second round. South Africa won 6−3 on aggregate and advanced to the second round. Tunisia won on walkover after Egypt did not appear for the first leg and advanced to the second round. Ghana won on walkover after Congo did not appear for the first leg and advanced to the second round. Zambia won on walkover after Uganda did not appear for the first leg and advanced to the second round. Second round \|} DR Congo won 3−2 on aggregate and advanced to the third round. Ghana won 3−0 on aggregate and advanced to the third round. South Africa won 7−2 on aggregate and advanced to the third round. Nigeria won 10−1 on aggregate and advanced to the third round. Third round The winners of the two Third Round matches will qualify directly to the 2010 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup held in Germany. \|} Ghana won 5−0 on aggregate and qualified for 2010 FIFA U20 W-WC. Nigeria won 12−3 on aggregate and qualified for 2010 FIFA U20 W-WC. Qualified teams for FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup The following two teams from CAF qualified for the FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup. References External links Official schedule and results African U-20 Women's World Cup qualification CAF wome 2010 in youth association football", "title": "2010 African U-20 Women's World Cup qualification" }, { "docid": "1090020", "text": "The Burkina Faso national football team () represents Burkina Faso in men's international football and is controlled by the Burkinabé Football Federation. They were known as the Upper Volta national football team until 1984, when Upper Volta became Burkina Faso. They finished fourth in the 1998 Africa Cup of Nations, when they hosted the tournament. Their best ever finish in the tournament was the 2013 edition, reaching the final. History Their first international match was played on April 13, 1960, in the Jeux de la Communauté in Madagascar and ended with a 5–4 victory against Gabon. Africa Cup of Nations The country made their first appearance in the Africa Cup of Nations in 1978, but it was not until 1996 that they returned to the biennial tournament. They subsequently qualified for five consecutive tournaments between 1996 and 2004, reaching the semi-finals under coach Philippe Troussier when the tournament was held on home soil in 1998. Burkina Faso played in Group B of the 2010 Africa Cup of Nations alongside Ghana and Ivory Coast in a three-team group due to Togo's withdrawal. Although they drew their first match against Ivory Coast and needed just a draw against Ghana to progress, the Burkinabe lost 1–0 and failed to qualify for the knock-out stage of the tournament. Burkina Faso took part in the 2012 Africa Cup of Nations, losing all three of their matches and subsequently firing coach Paulo Duarte. Belgian coach Paul Put was announced as new coach in March 2012. Burkina Faso finished first of their group, but lost to Nigeria in the final of the 2013 Africa Cup of Nations. The team would earn third place at the 2017 Africa Cup of Nations. World Cup qualifying Burkina Faso first entered the World Cup in the 1978 qualifying tournament, beating Mauritania in the preliminary round before losing 1–3 against Ivory Coast. They next entered World Cup qualifying in 1990, losing in the first round to Libya 2–3. Burkina Faso withdrew from the 1994 competition but returned in 1998, beating Mauritania again to make it to the final qualifying group stage, however they failed to obtain a single point, finishing bottom of their group. They beat Ethiopia in 2002 to again make it to the qualifying group stage, but did not advance, only winning one game against Malawi. The team had a strong showing in the 2014 World Cup qualification campaign, reaching the final round of qualifying where it faced Algeria. It won 3–2 in Ouagadougou, but lost 1–0 in Blida. Despite the 3-3 aggregate, Burkina Faso narrowly missed out on the 2014 World Cup due to the away goals rule. Nickname The team is nicknamed Les Etalons, which means \"The Stallions\". It is in reference to the legendary horse of Princess Yennenga. Supporters of the team at times include a percussion band, which often mimics the sounds of galloping horses at matches. Results and fixtures The following is a list of match results in the last 12 months, as well as", "title": "Burkina Faso national football team" }, { "docid": "32311171", "text": "Ghana U23 football team (also known as Ghana Olympic football team or Black Meteors), represents Ghana in international football competitions in Olympic Games, All-Africa Games, and CAF U-23 Championship. The selection is limited to players aged 23 and under the age of 23, except during the Olympic Games where the use of three overage players is allowed. The team is controlled by the Ghana Football Association (GFA). The team had qualified for five straight Olympic Games Football Tournaments when the tournament was still a full senior national team competition. In 1992, they became the first African country to win a medal at Olympic Games football. The Black Meteors failed to qualify for Beijing 2008 and although being the 2011 All-Africa Games champions, the Ghana Olympic football team failed to qualify for the 2011 CAF U-23 Championship, thus did not participate in London 2012. History Ghana appeared in the quarter-final of the Olympic Games in 1964 where they were beaten by Romania in the quarter-final. They played in the 1968, 1972 Olympic tournaments, but never progressed further than the Group stages. They also qualified in 1976 then withdrew. In 1992, Ghana reached the semi-final for the first time, they defeated Australia 2-0 to claim their first bronze medal in the event, and thus became the first African country to win a medal at football. Ghana reached the quarter-finals of the Olympics football tournament in 1996 for the second time, they lost 4–2 against Brazil. In the Athens 2004 tournament Ghana were eliminated in the Group stages after they lost a must win game 1–0 against Japan. The team were not able to qualify for Beijing 2008 and London 2012. Results and fixtures Legend 2021 Ghana under-23 Results and Fixtures – Soccerway.com Ghana Results and Fixtures – FIFA.com Coaching staff Current coaching staff Source: Ghana Football Association Manager history after the match against . Players Current squad The following players were called up for the 2023 U-23 Africa Cup of Nations qualification matches against Algeria on 24 and 28 March 2023. Previous squads African Games 2011 All-Africa Games – squad Africa U-23 Cup of Nations 2019 Africa U-23 Cup of Nations – squads Competitive record Olympic Games Note: Football at the Summer Olympics has been an under-23 tournament since 1992. African Games Note: Football at the All-Africa Games has been an under-23 tournament since 1991. See also Sport in Ghana Football in Ghana Women's football in Ghana Ghana national football team Ghana national under-20 football team Ghana national under-17 football team Ghana women's national football team References External links Ghana national under-23 football team (Black Meteors) – official website Under-23 African national under-23 association football teams", "title": "Ghana national under-23 football team" }, { "docid": "75714422", "text": "Cecilia Hagan (born 7 February 2000) is a Ghanaian professional footballer who plays as a defender for Saudi Women's Premier League club Al-Ahli. she played previously for Ghana's youth national teams Club career Hagan began playing football in Ghana for Bafana Ladies (now Seas Lions FC) and stayed with the club for five years. In November 2021, Hagan joined Soccer Intellectuals after her contract with Sea Lions expired for a one-season deal. Hagan who played 17 of 18 matches, played 3 matches in the 2022–23 season before joining Saudi Women's Premier League side Al-Ahli. Al-Ahli Since joining Al-Ahli Saudi FC in October 2022, Hagan has consistently participated in matches, contributing to the team's performance in the 2022–23 season. in the 2023–24 season and namely in the 2023–24 SAFF Women's Cup, she netted a brace in Al-Ahli 17–0 against Al Bayraq, the club biggest win since its inception. International career Hagan has represented Ghana on youth levels, namely under-17, and under-20 national teams. She was included in Ghana's squad for the 2016 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup in Jordan. In 2018, she was selected to represent the under-20 team (Ghana Black Princess) in the 2018 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup in France. since then till 2020 Hagan was called for most of the under-20 training camps and qualification matches. Hagan is yet to make her senior debut, however, In December 2023, she was visited by the Black Queen's newly appointed coach Nora Häuptle in Saudi Arabia. Career statistics Club Honours Al-Ahli SAFF Women's Cup: Champion: 2023–24 References External links Cecilia Hagan at Playermaker Stats Cecilia Hagan at Euro Sport Cecilia Hagan at Fastscore 2000 births Living people Ghanaian women's footballers Ghana women's international footballers Women's association football fullbacks Women's association football defenders Ghanaian expatriate women's footballers Saudi Women's Premier League players Ghana Women's Premier League players Ghanaian expatriate sportspeople in Saudi Arabia Expatriate women's footballers in Saudi Arabia Al-Ahli Saudi FC (women) players", "title": "Cecilia Hagan" }, { "docid": "69005004", "text": "Regina Antwi (born 26 November 1995) is a Ghanaian professional footballer, who plays as a defender for 1207 Antalya Spor in the Turkish Women's Football Super League, and the Ghana women's national football team. She represented Ghana at the U17 level at two World Cups in 2010 and 2012. She previously played for Hungarian club Diósgyőri VTK. Club career Antwi started her career with Vodafone Ladies before joining Ghatel Ladies Accra. She later joined Hasaacas Ladies in 2012. She would go on to become an integral member of the squad and help the club to win the Ghana Women's Premier League on three consecutive occasions and the 2019 Ghana Women's Special Competition. In 2019, she joined Hungarian side Diósgyőri VTK on a two-year deal. She played for the Női NB I for a season, before moving back to Ghana to rejoin her former club. She returned to Hasaacas ahead of the 2020–21 season which she helped the club in winning the treble, the league, the cup and the inaugural 2021 WAFU Zone B Tournament. In 2021, Antwi transferred to 1207 Antalya Spor to play in the Turkish Women's Football Super League. International career Youth Antwi made her youth debut for Ghana at under-17 level in 2010. She went on to feature for Ghana at the 2010 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup in Trinidad and Tobago. After gaining experience in the 2010 edition, she was recalled in August 2012, for the 2012 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup in Azerbaijan. She was one of the key players as the Ghana under-17 team finished in third place by beating Germany in the third place match. At the competition she played in all six games and played 90 minutes in all. Senior Antwi was part of the Ghana team that placed third at the 2016 Africa Women Cup of Nations. Honours Hasaacas Ladies Ghana Women's Premier League (GWPL): 2012–13, 2013–14, 2014–15, 2020–21 Ghana Women's Special Competition: 2019 Ghana Women's FA Cup: 2021 WAFU Zone B Tournament: 2021 CAF Women's Champions League runner-up: 2021 Ghana U17 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup third place: 2012 Ghana Africa Women Cup of Nations third place: 2016 References External links EuroSport Profile Diósgyőri VTK Profile 1995 births Living people Ghanaian women's footballers Ghana women's international footballers Women's association football defenders Ghanaian expatriate women's footballers Ghanaian expatriate sportspeople in Hungary Hasaacas Ladies F.C. players Diósgyőri VTK players Ghanaian expatriate sportspeople in Turkey Expatriate women's footballers in Turkey 1207 Antalya Spor players Turkish Women's Football Super League players Footballers from Accra", "title": "Regina Antwi" }, { "docid": "67644913", "text": "Noah Martey (born 24 July 1995) is a Ghanaian professional footballer who lasted played as a midfielder for Ghanaian Premier League side Aduana Stars. He previously playing for Bechem United. Club career Bechem United Martey started his career with Bechem United in 2014. After scoring a total of six goals and setting the record as the only player to score in five consecutive matches, he was adjudged as GPL Player of the Month for February. He managed to score three away goals and scored in each of the three home games in February. At the end of the 2015 Ghanaian Premier League season, he scored 10 goals to end the season as the club's top goalscorer. His performance at the end of the season attracted clubs from Ghana and other clubs overseas. He reportedly turned down a trial session with Portuguese side Vitória S.C. and joined Aduana Stars. Aduana Stars Martey joined Aduana Stars in January 2016 ahead of the start of the 2016 Ghana Premier League season. He signed a two-year contract with the Dormaa-based club. On 21 February 2016, he made his debut coming on in the 50th minute for Seth Opare in a 2–0 loss to International Allies. He made 15 league appearances and scored a goal to help Aduana place 2nd trailing by just two points to league winners Wa All Stars. The following season, 2017 season, he played a more influential role by playing 27 league matches out of 30 and scored 2 goals to help Aduana win the league title. He sustained an injury the following season, limiting his league appearances in the truncated 2018 Ghana Premier League. He made his return from injury during the 2019–20 season of which he played 9 league matches and scored a goal before the league was cancelled as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2020. Martey was named on the squad list for the upcoming 2020–21 season as the league was set to restart in November 2020, he however did not make any league appearance before leaving the club in 2021. On 3 May 2021, after a four-year stint with Aduana Stars, he ended his stay with the club by mutual consent and penned down an appreciation letter to the club and its fans. Part of his statement read;“I appreciate every time l spent in the club as part of the team. I thank the entire leadership of the team from the staff to the players” Not forgetting the wonderful fan base of the club for their love and support for me when I was with the club”. He won the Ghana Premier League in 2017 and the Ghana Super Cup in 2018 during his 4-year period with them. International career Ghana U-20 Martey received call-ups and was part of the Ghana national under-20 football team in 2015 during the 2015 Africa Youth Championship qualifiers, he however didn't make the final squad for the tournament. Ghana U-23 From October 2014 to December 2014, he was", "title": "Noah Martey" }, { "docid": "75693199", "text": "Cynthia Konlan Findib (born 29 November 2002) is a Ghanaian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Saudi Women's Premier League club Al-Hilal and the Ghana national team. Club career Konlan kicked off her football journey in Ghana at just 14, joining Pearl Pia Ladies in 2016. She held her position there until 2022. Swieqi United, 2022–23 in September 2022, Maltese Women's First Division side Swieqi United signed Konlan. after she was part of the Ghanaian selection for the 2022 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup held in Costa Rica. In May 2023, she extended her contract with Swieqi United for the next two seasons, as officially confirmed by the Assikura Women's League club on Friday. Konlan played a pivotal role in Swieqi United's recent triumph in the Assikura Women's Knockout stage. Throughout the season, she held on tight only conceding six goals. Konlan's impressive performance earned her the title of Malta Football Players Association Goalkeeper of the Year. Al Hilal, 2023–present In August 2023, Konlan signed a one-year loan deal with Al Hilal in Saudi Arabia, departing from her current club, Swieqi United FC. The announcement of her move was made on Facebook, with the club expressing excitement for her new journey in Season 23/24. International career Cynthia was part of Ghana's under-17 team for the 2018 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup squads. playing only one match, against Mexico coming on as a substitute in the 95th minutes to play penalties which they lost 2–4. Konlan was included in the under-20 team's lineup for the 2022 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup. playing two games in Ghana's group-stage exit. Konlan received her first call-up to the senior national team for the friendly match against Morocco on 12 April 2022, but ultimately did not play. she made her national team debut against Benin on 19 February 2023, also in a friendly game. Career statistics Club International References External links Cynthia Konlan at Player Maker Stats Cynthia Konlan at Flash Score 2002 births Living people Ghanaian women's footballers Women's association football goalkeepers Ghana women's international footballers Saudi Women's Premier League players Al Hilal SFC (women) players", "title": "Cynthia Konlan" }, { "docid": "9136046", "text": "Frederick Osam-Duodu (4 June 1938 – 4 October 2016) was a Ghanaian coach and a FIFA Instructor. Osam Duodu served as Ghana national football team. Career A former Ghana national football team coach, he won the 1978 Africa Cup of Nations, the 1993 African U-20 Cup of Nations and a silver medal at the 1993 FIFA World Youth Championship. He was also Ghana's coach during the 2002 African Cup of Nations, held in Mali. In 2005, he led Gambia's Under 17 to win the African Youth Cup, qualifying them for a FIFA Youth Tournament for the first time. He was later the coach of Ghana's Under-17 team, known as the \"Black Starlets\" that qualified for the African Championship in Togo held in March 2007. On 15 January 2007, the Ghana coach was handed the job of leading Africa's All-Star U-17 team to play a European U-17 All-Star select side in February 2007 in a UEFA–CAF Meridian Cup. Osam-Duodu was assisted by Egypt's coach Shakwi Gharib Bayoumi. During his latter years, he served as technical director and General Secretary of the Ghana Football Association as well as being an instructor for the CAF and FIFA. Personal life He died at a hospital in Accra on 4 October 2016. Honours As manager Ghana Africa Cup of Nations: 1978 Ghana U20 African U-20 Championship: 1993 FIFA World Youth Championship runner up: 1993 Gambia U17 African U-17 Championship: 2005 References 1938 births 2016 deaths Ghanaian football managers Ghana national football team managers 1978 African Cup of Nations managers 1980 African Cup of Nations managers 2002 African Cup of Nations managers", "title": "Fred Osam-Duodu" }, { "docid": "68905645", "text": "Wasila Diwura-Soale (born 1 September 1996) is a Ghanaian footballer who plays as a midfielder for the Ghana women's national team. Diwura-Soale played for Ghana at U-17 level in 2012 and was part of the Black Maidens squad that placed third at the 2012 World Cup in Azerbaijan. She also featured for the Ghana U-20 team, the Black Princesses, at the 2014 and 2016 World Cups in Canada and Papua New Guinea respectively. Club career Diwura-Soale started her professional football career with Ghana Women’s Premier League club Hasaacas Ladies. During her time with the club, she won the league in three consecutive seasons between 2012 and 2015. During her time she played along players like Jennifer Cudjoe, Janet Egyir, Elizabeth Cudjoe and Lily Niber-Lawrence. College career Navarro Bulldogs, 2017–2018 In 2017, Diwura-Soale moved to the United States at the back of her performances with the Ghana U20 at the 2016 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup. She joined Navarro College in Corsicana, Texas, for head coach Alicia Wilson. Wilson convinced Diwura-Soale to pursue a degree as part of her preparations into going professional after she had wanted to pursue a professional football career right away. In her first season, she accumulated 36 points in the as she scored 12 goals including 4 match winning goals and made 12 assists in 17 games. The following season, she improved on her previous season by accumulating 52 points through 18 goals including 5 match winning goals and 16 assists in 19 games to help them reach the National Junior College Athletic Association (NJCAA). Her most notable performance was on 5 September 2018 when she scored five goals and made three assists in a 11–0 victory over Northeast Texas. In her two-year stint with the Bulldogs, she was a two-time, NJCAA First Team All-American, making her only the third Navarro player in history to earn that honour. In total she accumulated 88 points, scored 30 goals, nine game-winning goals and made 28 assists in 36 games in her two seasons at Navarro. In May 2018, she made Navarro College spring President’s and Dean’s Lists for her academic achievement. Lamar Lady Cardinals, 2019 After two seasons with Navarro, she transferred to Lamar University where she joined the Lamar Lady Cardinals in 2019. She had a good start at Lamar by starting in the first four matches and providing one assist however her season was curtailed after she picked up an injury that side lined her for the rest of the 2019 season. During her recovery period she considered quitting football. LSU Tigers, 2020–2022 In May 2020, she transferred to Louisiana State University and joined the LSU Tigers team, becoming the first African football player to play for the Tigers. She made an immediate impact on the team in her first season, playing 19 games whilst making 4 assists, the highest on the team. In August 2021, she graduated from Louisiana State University with a bachelor's degree in humanities and social science. International career Youth Diwura-Soale made", "title": "Wasila Diwura-Soale" }, { "docid": "63046912", "text": "Ibrahim Danlad (born 2 December 2002) is a Ghanaian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Ghana Premier League club Asante Kotoko and the Ghana national team. Club career Born in Accra, Danlad joined Asante Kotoko in 2016–17 season. In December 2019, Danlad joined Ghana Premier League club Berekum Chelsea for the rest of the 2019–20 season. International career Danlad has played for Ghana at all levels, having represented the nation at under-17 to the senior national team (Black Stars) level. In 2017, he was the first choice goalkeeper for the Ghana squad which participated at the 2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup in India, playing all the matches. Honours Asante Kotoko Ghana Premier League: 2021–22 Ghana U20 Africa U-20 Cup of Nations: 2021 WAFU Zone B U-20 Tournament: 2020 Individual Golden Glove WAFU Zone B U-20 Tournament: 2020 Golden Glove Africa U-20 Cup of Nations: 2021 IFFHS CAF Youth Team of the Year: 2020 Ghana Football Awards Goalkeeper of the year: 2021 References External links 2002 births Living people Ghanaian Muslims Ghanaian men's footballers Men's association football goalkeepers Ghana Premier League players Asante Kotoko S.C. players Berekum Chelsea F.C. players Footballers from Accra Ghana men's youth international footballers Ghana men's under-20 international footballers 21st-century Ghanaian people 2022 FIFA World Cup players Ghana men's A' international footballers 2022 African Nations Championship players", "title": "Ibrahim Danlad" }, { "docid": "39822666", "text": "The 2013 African U-17 Women's World Cup Qualifying Tournament was the 4th edition of the African U-17 Women's World Cup Qualifying Tournament, the biennial international youth football competition organised by the Confederation of African Football (CAF) to determine which women's under-17 national teams from Africa qualify for the FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup. The tournament was played on a home and away knockout basis. 10 teams entered the competition. The pairings were released in late June 2013. The first round's many withdrawal of teams was openly criticised by FIFA. The top three teams of the tournament Ghana, Nigeria and Zambia qualified for the 2014 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup in Costa Rica as the CAF representatives. First round The matches took place in the first week of August and September. Nigeria and South Africa received a bye this round. \|} 1 : Kenya withdrew from the game and Equatorial Guinea moved on. 2 : Congo did not show up for the first leg. Consequently, CAF cancelled the second leg and Ghana moved on to the next round. 3 : Morocco apparently withdrew from the competition. South Sudan moved to the next round. Second round Nigeria and South Africa were the top seeded teams and received a bye to the first round. Matches were played in November. The three winners qualified to the 2014 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup. Nigeria due to withdrawal of South Sudan from the Competition. Ghana on a 5–2 aggregate against Equatorial Guinea. Zambia booked their world cup ticket after a 3–1 win against South Africa. \|} 1 : South Sudan withdrew from the competition and Nigeria got qualified for the 2014 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup. References External links African Women U-17 Qualifying Tournament 2013 - rsssf.com African U-17 Women's World Cup qualification CAF wom 2013 in youth association football", "title": "2013 African U-17 Women's World Cup qualification" }, { "docid": "43524023", "text": "Emmanuel Okyere Boateng (born 23 May 1996) is a Ghanaian footballer who plays as a striker for Rio Ave. He also plays for Ghana national football team. Club career Rio Ave Born in Accra, Boateng joined Rio Ave in 2013, after impressing on a trial, from hometown club Charity Stars FC. Initially assigned to the youth setup, he made his professional debut on 31 July 2014, coming on as a second-half substitute for Yonathan Del Valle in a 1–0 away win against IFK Göteborg for the season's UEFA Europa League. Boateng made his Primeira Liga debut on 17 August 2014, starting in a 2–0 home win against Vitória de Setúbal. His first goal in the category occurred on 1 September, as he scored the last in a 4–0 home routing of Boavista. Moreirense On 7 July 2015, Boateng and his Rio Ave teammate Ernest Ohemeng made a permanent move to fellow league team Moreirense. Mainly used as a substitute during his first season, he started to feature more regularly during his second. Boateng was also regularly used in the Taça da Liga, netting a brace in a 3–1 home success over Benfica on 26 January 2017. Three days later, he replaced Roberto in the final, a 1–0 win against S.C. Braga; it was Moreirense's first ever national title. Boateng scored his first league double on 30 April 2017, in a 2–2 away draw against Arouca. Levante On 16 August 2017, Boateng signed a four-year deal with La Liga side Levante UD. On 13 May 2018, he scored first career hat-trick against champions Barcelona. Levante won the match 5–4, ending the possibility of an unbeaten season for Barcelona. Dalian Professional On 20 February 2019, Boateng signed with Chinese Super League side Dalian Professional (then Dalian Yifang). Return to Rio Ave In 2022, Boateng left Dalian to rejoin Rio Ave. International career He was part of the Ghana national under-20 football team, who played the 2015 FIFA U-20 World Cup in New Zealand. He scored one goal in the competition on 5 June 2015, in a 1–0 win against Panama. On 30 May 2018 he made his senior appearance for the Black Stars. He marked his debut with a goal when he scored a penalty in the 51st minute of the game. Career statistics Club International goals Scores and results list Ghana's goal tally first. Honours Moreirense Taça da Liga: 2016–17 References External links 1996 births Living people Footballers from Accra Ghanaian men's footballers Men's association football forwards Primeira Liga players La Liga players Chinese Super League players Rio Ave F.C. players Moreirense F.C. players Levante UD footballers Dalian Professional F.C. players Ghana men's international footballers Ghana men's under-20 international footballers Ghanaian expatriate men's footballers Ghanaian expatriate sportspeople in Portugal Ghanaian expatriate sportspeople in Spain Ghanaian expatriate sportspeople in China Expatriate men's footballers in Portugal Expatriate men's footballers in Spain Expatriate men's footballers in China Ghana men's youth international footballers Charity Stars F.C. players", "title": "Emmanuel Boateng (footballer, born 1996)" }, { "docid": "67492940", "text": "Maxwell Arthur (born 4 December 2000) is a Ghanaian professional footballer who plays as a defender for Ghanaian Premier League side Dreams F.C. Club career Dreams FC 2016–2019 season Arthur is a graduate of the Dreams FC youth academy. He was promoted to the senior team in May 2016, during the 2016 Ghanaian Premier League season. On 29 June 2016, he made his debut in a 2–0 win against New Edubiase United coming on in the 85th minute for Aaron Amoah. By the end of the season he played three matches. He featured 5 times during the GHALCA Top 8 competition helping the club lift their first ever top flight trophy. He became a key player in the squad during the 2018 Ghana Premier League season, featuring in 13 matches before the league was abandoned due to the dissolution of the GFA in June 2018, as a result of the Anas Number 12 Expose. During the 2019 GFA Normalization Committee Special Competition, he played 10 league matches. During the 2019–20 Ghana Premier League, he played 9 matches and chipped in 1 assist, before the league was suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic. He served as the club captain from 2019 to 2020. 2020–21 season On 21 August 2020, he signed a new two-year deal extending his contract until 2022. With the league set to restart for the 2020–21 Ghana Premier League season, he was named on the team's senior squad list as one of the key defensive forces for the club. International career Arthur was a member of the Ghana national under-20 football team in 2018–2019. He was a member of the squad that played during the 2019 Africa U-20 Cup of Nations, featuring in 2 matches during the tournament. He served as the deputy captain within that period to Ishaku Konda who served as captain. He was also a member of the Ghana national under-23 football team in 2018–2019. He received call-ups for Africa U-23 Cup of Nations qualifiers ahead of the 2019 Africa U-23 Cup of Nations. References External links Living people 2000 births Men's association football defenders Ghanaian men's footballers Dreams F.C. players Ghana Premier League players Ghana men's youth international footballers Ghana men's under-20 international footballers Ghana men's A' international footballers 2022 African Nations Championship players Place of birth missing (living people)", "title": "Maxwell Arthur" }, { "docid": "33549329", "text": "The 2012 African U-20 Women's World Cup Qualifying Tournament was the 6th edition of the African U-20 Women's World Cup Qualifying Tournament, the biennial international youth football competition organised by the Confederation of African Football (CAF) to determine which women's under-20 national teams from Africa qualify for the FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup. 19 teams entered the competition, but due to withdrawals only 16 actually played matches. The top two teams of the tournament Ghana and Nigeria qualified for the 2012 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup in Japan as the CAF representatives. Preliminary round The preliminary round was played on 28 and 29 October 2011 (first leg) and 19 November 2011 (second leg). Guinea withdrew from competition before the start of the 1st leg. As a result, Sierra Leone qualified for the next round. Comoros withdrew from competition before the start of the 2nd leg. As a result, Botswana qualified for the next round. \|} Kenya won 4−2 on aggregate and advanced to the first round. Botswana won on walkover after Comoros did not appear for the second leg and advanced to the first round. Sierra Leone won on walkover after Guinea did not appear for the first leg and advanced to the first round. First round The first round was held on 17–19 February 2012 (first leg) and 2–3 March 2012 (second leg). Sierra Leone withdrew from competition before the start of the 1st leg due to a lack of funds. As a result, Nigeria qualified for the next round. \|} Zimbabwe won 7−0 on aggregate and advanced to the second round. Mali won 6−1 on aggregate and advanced to the second round. DR Congo won 3−2 on aggregate and advanced to the second round. Kenya won 5−2 on aggregate and advanced to the second round. Tunisia won 5−1 on aggregate and advanced to the second round. South Africa won 7−2 on aggregate and advanced to the second round. Ghana won 10−0 on aggregate and advanced to the second round. Nigeria won on walkover after Sierra Leone did not appear for the first leg and advanced to the second round. Second round The second round was held on 30–31 Mar or 1 Apr (first leg) and 13–15 April 2012 (second leg). \|} Tunisia won 4−2 on aggregate and advanced to the third round. Ghana won 5−0 on aggregate and advanced to the third round. Nigeria won 6−0 on aggregate and advanced to the third round. RD Congo won 6−3 on aggregate and advanced to the third round. Third round The third round was held on 4–6 May 2012 (first leg) and 18–20 May 2012 (second leg). The winners of the two third round matches qualified directly to the 2012 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup held in Japan. \|} Ghana won 7−2 on aggregate and qualified to 2012 FIFA U20 W-WC. Nigeria won 7−0 on aggregate and qualified to 2012 FIFA U20 W-WC. Qualified teams for FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup The following two teams from CAF qualified for the", "title": "2012 African U-20 Women's World Cup qualification" }, { "docid": "67272165", "text": "Evans Augustine Adotey (born 24 September 1964) is a Ghanaian football team manager who currently coaches Ghana Premier League side Medeama. He previously coached Ghana women's national under-17 football team and Karela United. Coaching career Medeama Adotey joined Medeama in 2013 as an assistant coach. In March 2013, he was appointed as interim coach and lead the club to their first Ghana FA Cup win and led them to a 4th place finish by the end of the 2012–13 Ghana Premier League season. He later served as the assistant coach to Hans van der Pluijm from 2013 to 2015. In November 2015, he was promoted to the position of technical director for the club, serving in that role from 2015 to 2017. He served as interim coach after Tom Strand left the club, and later doubled as head coach of the club and technical director from 2016 to 2017 especially during the 2017 Ghana Premier League. During his 4-year period with the club as interim head coach, assistant coach and technical director, he helped the club to win two Ghana FA Cup in 2013 and 2015 and the Ghana Super Cup in 2016. Ghana national teams Adotey served as coach for the Ghana women's national under-17 football team, the Black Maidens from 2014 to 2019, in the process leading the team to three consecutive quarter-final place in three FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup campaigns. In January 2020, he was appointed as the 1st assistant coach of the Ghana national under-20 football team to Abdul-Karim Zito. Karela United On 14 April 2020, Karela United announced the appointment of Adotey as the team's new head coach succeeding Enos Adepa who had left the club via a mutual agreement in March. The club was 17th on the 2019–20 Ghana Premier League table with 11 points at the time of his appointment, following a 15-game run in which they won only two league matches while losing seven and drawing four before the league was suspended in March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. His main task was to get the club out of the relegation zone if the league resumed, but it was later cancelled in July 2020. In February 2021, Adotey was named coach of the month for January 2021, and Karela United striker Diawisie Taylor also being named player of the month after an impressive performance in which the club won three matches, drew one, and lost one out of five matches in the month of January. Honours Manager Medeama Ghana Premier League: 2022–23 Ghana FA Cup: 2013, 2015 Ghana Super Cup: 2016 Individual Ghana FA Cup Coach of the Year: 2013 Ghana Premier League Manager of the Month: January 2021, March 2023, April/June 2023 References External links Living people Ghanaian football managers Medeama S.C. managers Karela United FC managers 1964 births Ghana Premier League managers Women's association football managers", "title": "Evans Adotey" }, { "docid": "70949479", "text": "Morocco women's national under-17 football team, also nicknamed the Atlas Lionesses is a youth association football team operated under the auspices of Royal Moroccan Football Federation. Its primary role is the development of players in preparation for the senior Morocco women's national football team. In June 2022, The team qualified for the FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup which would be held in India, becoming the first North African side to qualify for the finals. History Difficult beginnings The national team made its official debut in March 2016 during a doubleheader against Ghana in the African U-17 Women's World Cup qualification. Led by Fatima Tagnaout and Sanaâ Mssoudy, who would later become prominent figures in the Morocco women's national football team, Morocco faced defeats in both matches. The first leg ended in a 4-0 loss in Rabat, while the second leg resulted in a 6-0 defeat in Accra. The team also failed to qualify for the subsequent edition of the 2018 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup after being eliminated by South Africa. Morocco experienced a 5-1 loss in the first leg in Salé, followed by a 1-0 defeat in Pretoria. In their pursuit of qualification for the 2020 World Cup, the national team participated in the African qualifiers. After securing a convincing 7-0 victory in the first leg against Djibouti in Djibouti and another 7-0 win in the second leg in Salé, Morocco advanced. They also triumphed with a 1-0 first-leg win against Botswana in Gaborone, but the return leg was canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Unfortunately, the competition was ultimately canceled, and the qualifiers could not be completed as planned. Consequently, the qualifying tournament was postponed until 2022. First qualification for a World Cup On June 4, 2022, the Moroccan national team, led by Patrick Cordoba, achieved a historic milestone by qualifying for the first time in their history for the 2022 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup. The tournament took place in India from October 11 to 30, 2022. During the qualifying phase, Morocco displayed their strength by eliminating Benin, Niger, and Ghana to secure their spot in the final tournament. In preparation for the World Cup, Morocco engaged in a friendly double-confrontation against Portugal in September 2022. However, the Moroccans faced a heavy defeat in the first match held in Santarém on September 20, 2022, with a score of 8-0. In the second match, played in Rio Maior on September 22, 2022, Portugal claimed a 2-0 victory. Doha El Madani was the sole Moroccan player to find the net during these matches. Prior to the World Cup, Morocco faced Chile in their final match in Goa, resulting in a 3-1 loss, with Iman El Hannachi scoring the only goal for Morocco. World Cup 2022 in India Under the guidance of French coach Anthony Rimasson, Morocco made its debut in the World Cup during the 2022 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup. Their first match took place on October 11, 2022, against Brazil, a team with a strong tournament history.", "title": "Morocco women's national under-17 football team" }, { "docid": "31645246", "text": "Ghana's most popular sport is football, followed by boxing, Athletics, Badminton and basketball. The National Sports Authority which is governmental agency established before Ghana's independence, states that it promotes sports in Ghana. Collaborating with 52 sporting associations and federations. These national sporting federations are the national governing bodies of each sport. Per an Act of Parliament, the NSA provides financial and technical support to the various national teams that compete locally and internationally through their national federation. Olympic sport Olympic sport in Ghana began when Ghana first competed as Gold Coast in the 1952 Summer Olympics. Ghanaian athletes have won a total of four Olympics medals in thirteen appearances at the Summer Olympics, three in boxing, and a bronze medal in association football, and thus became the first country on the Africa continent to win a medal at association football. 2010 Winter Olympics Ghana competed in the Winter Olympics for the first time in 2010. Ghana qualified for the 2010 Winter Olympics with a score of 137.5 International Ski Federation points, within the qualifying range of 120-140 points. Ghanaian skier, Kwame Nkrumah-Acheampong, nicknamed \"The Snow Leopard\", became the first Ghanaian to take part in the Winter Olympics, at the 2010 Winter Olympics held in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, taking part in the slalom skiing. Ghana finished 47th out of 102 participating nations, of whom 54 finished in the Alpine skiing slalom. Kwame Nkrumah-Acheampong broke on the international skiing circuit, being the second black African skier to do so. Popular sports Football Association football is administered by the Ghana Football Association and the national men's football team is known as the Black Stars, with the under-20 team known as the Black Satellites. Ghana has participated in many championships, including the African Cup of Nations with 4 titles, the FIFA World Cup three times, (2006, 2010, and 2014), and the FIFA U-20 World Cup with 1 title. In the 2010 FIFA World Cup, Ghana became the third African country to reach the quarter-final stage of the World Cup after Cameroon in 1990 and Senegal in 2002. Ghana national U-20 football team, known as the Black Satellites, is considered to be the feeder team for the Ghana national football team. Ghana is the first and only country on the Africa continent to be crowned FIFA U-20 World Cup Champions and two-time runner up in 1993 and 2001. The Ghana national U-17 football team, known as the Black Starlets, are two-time FIFA U-17 World Cup champions in 1991 and 1995, two-time runners up in 1993 and 1997. Ghanaian football teams Asante Kotoko SC and Accra Hearts of Oak SC are the 5th and 9th best teams in Africa and have won a total of five Africa continental association football and Confederation of African Football trophies; Ghanaian football club Asante Kotoko SC has been crowned two-time CAF Champions League winners in 1970, 1983 and five-time CAF Champions League runners up, and Ghanaian football club Accra Hearts of Oak SC has been crowned 2000 CAF Champions", "title": "Sports in Ghana" }, { "docid": "76338274", "text": "Stella Nyamekye is a Ghanaian professional footballer, who plays as a forward for Dreamz Ladies in the Ghana Women's Premier League, and the Ghana women's national football team. She represented Ghana at the U17, U20 levels and the senior team. Club career Nyamekye started her career with Dreamz Ladies. In 2022, she led the team into the Ghana Women's Premier League after winning the Ashanti Regional Division One League and placing second in the Zonal Playoff championship. International career Nyamekye made her youth debut for Ghana at under-17 level in 2022. She went on to feature for Ghana in the 2022 African U-17 Women's World Cup qualifiers. In the final qualification round, she scored the first goal in the first leg to help Ghana to a 2–0 advantage. However, they lost to Morocco on a 4–2 penalties score after the match ended in a 2–2 aggregate missing out on the 2022 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup. In 2023, she was promoted to the Ghana U20 Women's team, where she scored a hat-trick in their 11–0 pre-tournament friendly win over Niger. She was named as the captain of the team by Yusif Basigi. She scored four goals in Ghana's 2023 WAFU Zone B U-20 Women's Cup victory. Nyamekye is an aspiring coach. In 2022, she earned her CAF License D coaching badge at age Sixteen whilst playing for the Black Maidens (Ghana under-17 side). Honours Ghana U17 WAFU Zone B U20 Women's Cup: 2023 Dreamz Ladies Ashanti Regional Women's Division One League: 2021 Regional Women’s Northern Zone championship runner-up: 2021 Individual Ghana Women's Premier League Discovery of the Season: 2021–22 Ghana Women's Premier League Player of the Month: January 2022, April 2022, October 2022 References External links Living people Ghanaian women's footballers Women's association football forwards Ghana Women's Premier League players", "title": "Stella Nyamekye" } ]	[ "2009" ]
train_21961	who is the winner of the great british baking show	[ { "docid": "72129560", "text": "The Great British Bake Off is a British television baking competition, produced by Love Productions. It premiered on BBC Two in 2010, then moved to BBC One in 2014, and then moved to Channel 4 in 2017. This list contains sections about annual winners and runners-up who appeared from series eight onward, which aired on Channel 4. The information seen in tables, including age and occupation, are based on the time of filming. Series 8 (2017) Sophie Faldo (winner) Sophie Faldo is a former British Army officer who was the winner of the eighth series in 2017, the first series to be broadcast on Channel 4. Faldo was born in London and grew up in Suffolk. She studied psychology at the University of Manchester and Toulouse. She joined the Royal Artillery and has served in Afghanistan. After leaving the Army, she worked as a personal trainer, taught military boot camps, and was training to be a stuntwoman when she was convinced by her chef boyfriend to apply for The Great British Bake Off. Faldo won the competition. Twelve hours before the final episode, judge Prue Leith accidentally tweeted the results. She appeared in an episode of a TV series Travels with a Goat on Insight TV, travelling to southern Kenya with Spanish food vlogger Abraham Bandera Baez. Faldo rowed to a high standard and was part of the Molesey Boat Club eight that won bronze at the 2011 British Rowing Championships. Steven Carter-Bailey Steven Carter-Bailey (born 1982/83), one of the runners-up of the eighth series, was a marketer from Watford, Hertfordshire, at the time of the competition. Carter-Bailey re-competed against Tamal Ray (series six), Candice Brown (series seven, winner), and Kate Henry (series five) for the 2018–19 New Year's special. He was crowned the special's winner. Since Bake Off, Carter-Bailey worked for ITV London covering London bakeries and released his first podcast Feed My Curiosity in 2021. Kate Lyon Kate Lyon (born 1987/88), one of the runners-up of the eighth series, was a health and safety inspector from Merseyside at the time of the competition. As of September 2020, she studied for a master's degree in occupational health and safety. Series 9 (2018) One of contestants this series was absent on the fourth week, leading the judges to decide not to eliminate anyone in that person's absence. Rahul Mandal (winner) Rahul Mandal (born 1987) is an Indian baker and engineering researcher, who won the ninth series in 2018. Mandal also works as an engineering researcher at the University of Sheffield's Nuclear Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre. Mandal is an only child. Born in Howrah, India, his mother was a housewife and his father runs a business supplying engineering parts across India. Rahul graduated from the West Bengal University of Technology with a Bachelor's degree in electronics and communication engineering and then from the University of Calcutta with a master's degree in optics and optoelectronics. He came to the United Kingdom in 2010 on a scholarship to study for his PhD in", "title": "List of The Great British Bake Off finalists (series 8–present)" }, { "docid": "71703442", "text": "The thirteenth series of The Great British Bake Off began on 13 September 2022. It is again presented by Noel Fielding and Matt Lucas and judged by Paul Hollywood and Prue Leith. The bakers competing in the series were announced on 2 September 2022. The series was filmed at Welford Park, an estate near Newbury, Berkshire which was previously used for the programme from 2014 to 2019. The season was won by Syabira Yusoff, with Abdul Rehman Sharif and Nelsandro \"Sandro\" Farmhouse finishing as the runners-up. Yusoff is the first female winner since Sophie Faldo from Season 8. This was the final series presented by Matt Lucas, who announced his departure from the programme on 6 December 2022. Bakers Results summary Abdul and Rebs were ill and unable to compete in episode 3; at the end of the episode, the judges decided it was unfair to eliminate anyone in their absence. Colour key: Episodes Episode 1: Cake For the first signature challenge, the bakers were required to bake 12 identical mini sandwich cakes in 2 hours. For the technical challenge, set by Paul, the bakers were tasked with making a six-layered red velvet cake in 2 hours, each layer sandwiched with cream cheese frosting and sprinkled with red crumbs. A 3D cake replica of a home that the bakers once lived in was set as the showstopper; the bakers were given 4 hours, the judges expecting the bake to be full of detail. Episode 2: Biscuits The signature bake was 18 Decorative macarons with a twist – they must be made to appear like something else. Two hours was given for the challenge. For the technical challenge, set by Prue, the bakers were given 1 hour and 45 minutes to bake 12 Garibaldi biscuits with feathered chocolate on top. A 3D biscuit mask to be completed in 4 hours was the showstopper challenge. Episode 3: Bread The bakers were set the task of making two sharing-size pizzas in 2 hours for the signature challenge. The technical challenge, set by Paul, was the baking of 12 pain aux raisins, to be completed in 2 hours and 45 minutes. Finally, for their 4½-hour showstopper, the bakers were asked to create their own interpretation of a Swedish celebration 'cake', the Smörgåstårta, topped with exquisite decorations. Both Abdul and Rebs did not compete due to falling ill. Consequently, no one was eliminated this week but the following week would be a double elimination. Episode 4: Mexican For their signature challenge, the bakers were asked to make 12 individual Pan dulce (\"sweet bread\" pastries) in 21⁄2 hours. Paul's technical challenge required them to make 8 Mexican hand-pressed corn tacos and their fillings, in 2 hours. The showstopper gave them 4 hours to make their own four-layer version of a Tres Leches Cake ('three-milk cake' -- a sponge cake soaked in three kinds of milk). Episode 5: Desserts For the signature the bakers had 2 hours to make 8 individual steamed puddings, with an accompaniment of", "title": "The Great British Bake Off series 13" } ]	[ { "docid": "59776483", "text": "Bake Off Greece (also called Bake Off) is a Greek television baking competition, produced by Love Productions, in which a group of amateur bakers compete against each other in a series of rounds, attempting to impress a group of judges with their baking skills, with a contestant being eliminated in each round, with the winner being selected from the contestants who reach the finals. The show's first episode was aired on 23 September 2018. The Show based on the BBC baking competition The Great British Bake Off. The programme is presenting by Ioanna Triantafyllidou, with judges Akis Petretzikis, Nikolas Straggas and Dimitris Xronopoulos. Host and judges Key Series overview In series 1 the episodes 19, 21 and 23 were broadcast on Fridays at 21:00pm. Season 1: 2018 Series 1 of Bake Off Greece saw eighteen home bakers take part in a bake-off to test their baking skills as they battled to be crowned the Bake Off Greece best amateur baker. It began airing on 23 September 2018 on Alpha TV. The winner is Venia Flessa. Bakers Results summary Colour key: Baker was one of the judges' least favourite bakers that week, but was not eliminated. Baker was one of the judges' favourite bakers that week, but was not the Star Baker. Baker got through to the next round. Baker was eliminated. Baker was the Star Baker. Baker was Returned or Arrived Baker was a series runner-up. Baker was the series winner. Episodes Team fase Episode 1: Premiere Episode 2: Chocolate Episode 3: Greek pastry Episode 4: Tiny episode This was the last episode in the team fase Individual fase Episode 5: Snacks Episode 6: Salty and sweet Episode 7: Français pastry Episode 8: Desserts Episode 9: Judge In this episode the judge and the presenter was the encharged to decide the challenges Technical challenge was decided by Nikolas and Akis / Creative challenge was decided by Ioanna and Dimitris Episode 10: Countries Episode 11: Semifinal Episode 12: Final References External links Greek reality television series 2018 Greek television series debuts 2010s Greek television series Alpha TV original programming Greek-language television shows Television shows set in Athens International versions of The Great British Bake Off Greek television series based on British television series", "title": "Bake Off Greece" }, { "docid": "43384106", "text": "The Great British Bake Off: An Extra Slice (sometimes shortened to An Extra Slice) is a British television after-show to follow the series The Great British Bake Off. Hosted by Jo Brand, the show features three celebrity panelists discussing the after-events of the week. Originally, the show began airing on BBC Two on 8 August 2014 two days after the premiere episode of the fifth series of the main show, and was filmed at The London Studios. In April 2017, it was announced that the series and Brand would follow The Great British Bake Off to Channel 4 in 2017. The sixth series of The Great British Bake Off: An Extra Slice returned on 30 August 2019 and concluded on 1 November 2019. The eighth series began airing on 24 September and concluded on 26 November 2021. In 2022 The Great British Bake Off: An Extra Slice has been renewed for a tenth series that began airing on 28 September 2023. History The after show was announced in July 2014. Comedian Jo Brand was later announced as the host of the series on 24 July 2014. The show returned for a second run, beginning on 7 August 2015, and for a third series on 24 August 2016. A fourth series began on 31 August 2017 on Channel 4. A fifth series began on 31 August 2018, moving to Friday evenings. In 2023 the show moved to Thursday evenings. Format Brand and three rotating panelists appear on each episode. The panelists are generally a chef or cooking expert, such as Michel Roux Jr. or Rosemary Shrager, a comedian such as Hal Cruttenden, and a well-known figure who is a fan of the show. The panel has also featured past bakers, including winners Nancy Birtwhistle and Nadiya Hussain. A typical episode begins with Brand reviewing the events of the previous episode while showing clips, including unseen footage from the tent, usually humorous outtakes. Afterwards, she interviews the panelists about the current episode and what happened in the tent that week. In the next segment, she presents images of bakes viewers have sent in, then talks about the bakes the audience have brought to the studio, at least one of which the panelists try. In the final segment, the most recently eliminated baker joins the panel and is interviewed again by Brand. In the earlier series, the baker is invited to bring one of their \"less-successful bakes\" which Brand and the panel sample, but this was eliminated in 2020 (most likely to follow COVID-19 regulations). The segment concludes with the baker being presented a cake that captures their time in the tent. Brand concludes the show by showing a preview of what will happen in the next episode of the main show. Panelists While on the BBC, the celebrity panel typically (though not always) consisted of a professional baker/chef, a celebrity who is a fan of the show, and a comedian. In the final episode of each series judges Paul Hollywood and Mary", "title": "The Great British Bake Off: An Extra Slice" }, { "docid": "55083902", "text": "Martha Collison (born 23 September 1996) is a British baker and food columnist. She rose to fame after competing as The Great British Bake Offs youngest ever contestant, reaching the quarter-final of the fifth series at age 17. She writes a weekly column for the Waitrose weekend newspaper, and has released two cookery books as well as running a successful baking blog. Early life Martha Collison grew up in Ascot, Berkshire. She has one younger sister, Hannah. She began baking at the age of eight, the result of her parents letting her loose in the kitchen. Career Television In 2014, at the age of 17, Collison took part in the fifth series of The Great British Bake Off on BBC One. She is the youngest ever contestant in the show's history, making it to the quarter finals before being knocked out of the competition. Martha has since appeared on Bake Off: An Extra Slice, as a guest on Blue Peter and has presented for Saturday Kitchen. Writing Collison has released two cookery books. The first, Twist, was released on 14 July 2016, and took simple, everyday recipes, such as chocolate cake and adapted them into new ones, like Chocolate and Passionfruit Layer Cake, or Mint Chocolate Ice Cream Cake. The second book, Crave, was published on 13 July 2017, and split the recipes into chapters for various cravings, Chocolate, Caramel, Cheese, Citrus, Fruit, Nut, Spice and Alcohol. She writes a monthly column for the Waitrose weekend newspaper and runs a successful baking blog called \"Baking Martha\". Radio Collison currently holds the position of Show Chef on The Graham Norton Radio Show at Virgin Radio UK. Personal life Martha lives with her husband in Brighton, Sussex. They married in 2019, where several of the bakers from Collison's series of The Great British Bake Off were in attendance and baked cakes for a cake table. She is a Christian and has appeared at various faith-based festivals such as Newday, Big Church Day Out South & North and WestPoint. She is also a charity ambassador for the charity Tearfund, and has spent time in Cambodia teaching young girls to bake funnel cakes. She has also been to refugee camps in Lebanon with the charity to see Tearfund's work with those displaced due to conflict. Her grandmother, Valerie Collison, is an English organist and composer of hymns and carols. Her best-known work is \"Come and Join the Celebration\" for which she composed both the lyrics and tune. References British bakers British columnists Living people 1996 births The Great British Bake Off contestants People from Ascot, Berkshire British Christians", "title": "Martha Collison" }, { "docid": "74634608", "text": "Cherish Finden (born 20 December 1967) a Singaporean-born pastry chef. Born in Singapore, she trained to become a pastry chef and after moving to the United Kingdom, has worked as an executive chef at various hotels and restaurants and has won a plethora of awards for her work. Since 2016, she has served as a judge on Bake Off: The Professionals. Life and career Early life and culinary career Finden was born on 20 December 1967 in Singapore. The youngest of her siblings, she began cooking for them when she was eight years old after her father became sick and her mother had to work. At the age of 14, she began working as waitress and later asked if she could volunteer in the kitchen, thus inspiring her love of cuisine. When Finden was 16, she joined Shatec Institutes where enrolled on a course in pastry making, and later began working as a chocolatier before becoming a pastry chef, at Raffles Hotel and Pan Pacific Singapore Hotel. In 2000, Finden led a team of pastry chefs to win the IKA Culinary Olympics. Finden is married to a financial director and they have a daughter together; they moved to London in 2001. Between 2009 and 2017, she worked as an executive pastry chef at the Langham Hotel, a role which has earned her numerous awards. During her first year, she won \"Dessert of the Year\" and in 2010, under Finden's leadership, The Langham's Palm Court won Tea Guild's \"Top London Afternoon Tea\" award. She was also awarded \"Pastry Chef of the Year\" by the Craft Guild of Chefs in 2012 and in 2015, Finden was awarded The Macallan Lifetime Achievement Award at the World Gourmet Summit. In 2018, Finden was appointed creative development chef at luxury chocolatier Godiva and the following year created the world's most expensive easter egg, made entirely of Belgian chocolate that cost £10,000. In 2020, Finden became the executive pastry chef at the Pan Pacific London, which opened in September 2021. Whilst there, she opened her own pâtisserie Shiok! which launched in May 2022. She left her role at Pan Pacific in April 2023. Television In 2010, Finden appeared as a guest chef on MasterChef Australia and MasterChef: The Professionals. In 2016, Finden became a judge on the BBC baking competition Bake Off: Crème de la Crème, a spin-off of The Great British Bake Off. After two series on the BBC, the show moved to Channel 4 in 2018 and was renamed Bake Off: The Professionals, and Finden has remained with show since. In 2017, Finden appeared as a mentor on Celebrity MasterChef, during an episode in which she led a team of contestants who had to re-create her pastry dishes. In 2020, Finden appeared as a celebrity expert on an episode of the BBC game show The Wheel. She has also made appearances on Heston's Great British Food, Junior Bake Off, The Great British Bake Off: An Extra Slice and Saturday Kitchen. Filmography References External links", "title": "Cherish Finden" }, { "docid": "69103907", "text": "The Great British Baking Show season 5 may refer to: The Great British Bake Off series 3, broadcast as the fifth season of the series on PBS in the United States The Great British Bake Off series 5, broadcast as the first season of the series on PBS in the United States See also The Great British Baking Show season 1 The Great British Baking Show season 2 The Great British Baking Show season 3 The Great British Baking Show season 4", "title": "The Great British Baking Show season 5" }, { "docid": "62256822", "text": "The Great Canadian Holiday Baking Show is a Christmas special edition of The Great Canadian Baking Show. Episodes have featured bakers from previous seasons of The Great Canadian Baking Show competing in season baking challenges to be named \"Star Holiday Baker\". Four episodes of The Great Canadian Holiday Baking Show have aired, in 2019, 2021, 2022, and 2023 respectively. 2019 The first episode of The Great Canadian Holiday Baking Show aired on November 13, 2019. It featured four bakers from the show's first two seasons returning to compete in seasonal baking challenges. This marked the final episode of hosts Carolyn Taylor and Aurora Browne in their presenting roles. Bakers Bakes For the signature challenge, the bakers had two and a half hours to produce 12 edible ornament cookies. The technical challenge gave the bakers three hours to create a challah and accompany it with homemade butter and apple butter. The bakers' showstopper challenge was to construct an elaborate, edible, and structurally-sound Christmas village in four hours. 2021 A second episode of The Great Canadian Holiday Baking Show aired on December 12, 2021. It featured four finalists from the show's first three seasons returning to compete in seasonal baking challenges. Ann Pornel and Alan Shane Lewis, the hosts since season 4 of The Great Canadian Baking Show, appeared as presenters. Bakers Bakes For the signature challenge, the bakers had to make a festive baking tray with two different types of desserts in two and a half hours. The technical challenge gave the bakers one hour and 45 minutes to make a vínarterta, a seven layered cake of alternating layers of almond biscuit and prune jam, originally brought to Manitoba by Icelandic settlers. The bakers' showstopper challenge was to create a choux wreath with incredible flavours and elaborate decorations in four hours. 2022 A third episode of The Great Canadian Holiday Baking Show aired on November 27, 2022. The episode featured returning bakers from the second, fourth, and fifth seasons to compete in seasonal baking challenges. Ann Pornel and Alan Shane Lewis returned as presenters. Bakers Bakes In the signature challenge, the bakers had two hours to make 18 savoury appetizers, 9 each of two different types for a holiday party platter. For the technical challenge, they were tasked with baking 20 gefüllte herzen, traditional German heart-shaped soft gingerbread cookies, with a layer of thick raspberry jam within, coated in dark chocolate and drizzled with white chocolate, in 2 hours and 15 minutes. For the showstopper, the bakers were given four hours to create a grand and impressive holiday scene cake, telling any holiday story or tradition, with the bakers being allowed to use any technique and additional bakes. 2023 A fourth episode of The Great Canadian Holiday Baking Show aired on November 26, 2023. The episode featured four previous winners from the second, third, fourth, and fifth seasons, returning for a chance to become a Star Holiday Baker. Ann Pornel and Alan Shane Lewis returned as presenters. Bakers Bakes For the", "title": "The Great Canadian Holiday Baking Show" }, { "docid": "65319417", "text": "The eleventh series of The Great British Bake Off began on 22 September 2020. It was presented by returning host Noel Fielding and new host Matt Lucas, who replaced Sandi Toksvig, and was judged by returning judges Paul Hollywood and Prue Leith. The first three episodes were extended to 90 minutes instead of the usual 75 minutes. The bakers were announced on 15 September 2020. Filming of the eleventh series was delayed by the COVID-19 pandemic; originally scheduled to take place in April 2020, it was pushed back to July 2020. Filming the series normally takes place over 12 or 13 weeks on the weekends, but due to the pandemic, the cast and crew had to live in a \"self-contained biosphere\" (Down Hall Hotel near Bishop's Stortford with a skeleton staff), and filming took place in a marquee tent in the garden of the hotel over a period of six weeks. The contestants and crew had to undergo a period of self-isolation after filming had ended. The series was won by Peter Sawkins, with Dave Friday and Laura Adlington finishing as the runners-up. Sawkins is the first Scottish winner of the programme, and also the youngest winner in the show's 10-year history, at the age of 20. Series 11 was released on Netflix in the U.S. as Collection 8. It premiered on 25 September 2020, with each episode available three days after the UK air date. Bakers Results summary Colour key: Episodes Episode 1: Cake For the signature challenge, the bakers created an intricate Battenberg cake in 2 hours. The technical challenge set by Paul gave the bakers 90 minutes to bake 6 miniature pineapple upside-down cakes. At the end of the challenge, Sura, who saw a fly and was trying to brush it away, accidentally hit Dave's tray of 6 miniature cakes as he was setting them down, knocking 4 to the floor. Prue and Paul judged the better looking of the remaining two, assuming the rest were the same. In the showstopper challenge, the bakers created a 3-D cake bust depicting their personal celebrity hero, in 4 hours. The broadcast of Episode 1 began at 8:15pm instead of 8:00pm, following Prime Minister Boris Johnson's address to the nation on the COVID-19 pandemic. The episode began with a parody of the Johnson address by new presenter Matt Lucas. Episode 2: Biscuits For the signature challenge, the bakers were tasked with making 36 identical chocolate florentines, in 2 hours. The technical challenge, set by Prue, required the bakers to make 12 hand-shaped coconut macaroons, six piped with a mango curd and the other six drizzled and filled with chocolate, in 1 hour and 45 minutes. For the showstopper challenge, the bakers were given 4 hours to create a beautiful molded 3D biscuit table setting representing a memorable meal they had in the past. Episode 3: Bread The signature challenge tasked the bakers with making 2 freeform soda bread loaves, one savoury and one sweet, and an accompanying butter in 1", "title": "The Great British Bake Off series 11" }, { "docid": "73075861", "text": "Handmade: Britain's Best Woodworker is a reality show that began airing on Channel 4 on 21 October 2021. In the show, woodworkers compete to be named \"Britain's Best Woodworker\". A spin-off of the format of The Great British Bake Off, the programme is presented by Mel Giedroyc, with judges Alex de Rijke and Helen Welch (series 1), and Tom Dyckhoff and Sophie Sellu (series 2 and 3). To date, three series have been produced and screened. Outside of the UK, the programme is marketed as Good with Wood: Britain's Best Woodworker. Series format The show format is similar to The Great British Bake Off in that each episode features challenges that are to be completed within a certain time period. The series starts with eight woodworkers, usually with one being eliminated each episode. In the Big Build challenge, the woodworkers are given two days to create a specific item. In the Skills Test, held part way through the Big Build, woodworkers are tasked with making an object which requires a specific woodworking skill. The winner of that challenge wins immunity from elimination for that episode. Series overview Series 1 (2021) The first series of Handmade: Britain’s Best Woodworker started on 21 October 2021 and aired for six episodes concluding on 25 November 2021. There were eight woodworkers. The series was hosted by Mel Giedroyc, with judges Alex de Rijke and Helen Welch. Filming took place at the Glanusk Estate in the Brecon Beacons National Park. The final was won by Misti Leitz, with Charlie and Radha as runners up. Series 2 (2022) The second series of Handmade: Britain’s Best Woodworker started on 21 September 2022, and aired for eight episodes concluding on 9 November 2022. The programme commenced with 10 woodworkers, one of whom was replaced after the first episode. The series was again hosted by Mel Giedroyc, with there being two new judges; Tom Dyckhoff and Sophie Sellu. Filming again took place at the Glanusk Estate in the Brecon Beacons National Park. The final was won by Lauren Wood, with Chloe and Jacob as runners up. Series 3 (2023) The third series of Handmade: Britain’s Best Woodworker began broadcasting on 8 October 2023, and aired for eight episodes concluding on 26 November 2023. The programme commenced with 10 woodworkers. The series was again hosted by Mel Giedroyc, with Tom Dyckhoff and Sophie Sellu returning as judges. Filming again took place at the Glanusk Estate in the Brecon Beacons National Park. The final was won by Nathanael Griffiths, with Jen and Wolfgang as runners up. International broadcasts Broadcast New Zealand - broadcast since 2021 on TVNZ 1 See also All That Glitters: Britain's Next Jewellery Star The Great British Bake Off The Great British Sewing Bee The Great Pottery Throw Down References External links 2021 British television series debuts 2020s British game shows 2020s British reality television series Channel 4 reality television shows Channel 4 game shows British television spin-offs British English-language television shows Reality television spin-offs Woodworking Reality competition", "title": "Handmade: Britain's Best Woodworker" }, { "docid": "71625434", "text": "The fourth season of The Great Kiwi Bake Off return to Parihoa Farm in Muriwai, Auckland. This season premiered on Thursday 25 August at 7.30pm on TVNZ 1 and streams on TVNZ+; with Comedian Pax Assadi who joined Hayley Sproull as co-host and chef, restaurateur, writer, and food consultant Peter Gordon, alongside Jordan Rondel, an author and co-founder of international cakery The Caker took over the judging roles. Brooke Walker, a marketing coordinator from Auckland, won the fourth season of The Great Kiwi Bake Off. Jonathan Willows and Victoria Hume were the other two finalists. Bakers Ages, names, and hometowns stated are at time of filming. Bakers progress Colour key: Episodes Baker eliminated/withdrew Star Baker Winner Episode 1: Cake Week (25 August 2022) Bakers had two hours to bake their signature drizzle cake. Jordan's famous Crème brûlée cake was set as a technical challenge to be completed in two hours. For the showstopper challenge, the bakers had to bake an \"Inside out cake\" in four hours, a cake representing the bakers' flavours as an adult and a decorated cake symbolising their youth. Episode 2: Biscuits Week (1 September 2022) Bakers have 90 minutes to bake their signature 24 identical shortbread biscuits of their choice. Peter set this week’s 90 minutes technical bake with Italian's Pistachio Sbricciolona. Bakers had 4 hours to bake their favourite meal-inspired biscuits for their showstopper. Episode 3: Retro Classics Week (8 September 2022) Taking a step back in time, our 8 remaining bakers take on retro classics. Perfecting pastry proves problematic for some, while tiny tarts get golden reviews. Bakers have 4 hours to bake their \"decade-inspired\" two-tier cake. Episode 4: Desserts Week (15 September 2022) Bakers are required to baked or set cheesecakes in 2 hours. A mystery technical bake stuns even the best of bakers. A 5-layered free-standing Truffle Terrine is expected to be completed in 4 and half hours. Episode 5: Kiwi Bakery Week (22 September 2022) The kiwi bakery pie gets a gourmet makeover in 4 hours! Then, the bakers battle in the technical challenge to perfect the perfect pastry for Custard Squares in 135 minutes and things get fruity with a tarty showstopper that’s bound to wow the judges Episode 6: International Week (29 September 2022) The competition kicks up a notch with international week! A towering technical calls for a guest expert, and the stakes are higher than ever as they put their best choux forward. During the Technical Challenge, Master Chocolatier Thomas Schnetzler provided advice to the bakers. Episode 7: Chocolate Week (6 October 2022) We're chock full of semi-final baking bliss for Chocolate week! The remaining four bakers gnash their teeth over chocolate ganache and tackle a unique Jordan Rondel mystery bake. Episode 8: Season Final (13 October 2022) 10 bakers started, now, just three remain, but only one can be crowned winner of The Great Kiwi Bake Off NZ. With three more challenges to go, who will be named the winner? References TVNZ original programming TVNZ 1", "title": "The Great Kiwi Bake Off season 4" }, { "docid": "55078166", "text": "The Great Canadian Baking Show is a Canadian cooking competition television series which premiered on CBC Television on November 1, 2017. It is an adaptation of the U.K. series The Great British Bake Off, which is aired in Canada under the title The Great British Baking Show. For its first two seasons, the show was hosted by Dan Levy and Julia Chan, with French-born Canadian chef Bruno Feldeisen and Canadian-Australian pastry chef Rochelle Adonis as judges. The third season was hosted by Aurora Browne and Carolyn Taylor, comedians and actors of Baroness von Sketch Show fame, with Feldeisen returning as a judge joined by Canadian chef Kyla Kennaley. From the fourth season onwards, it was hosted by comedians and Second City alumni Ann Pornel and Alan Shane Lewis. Premise Each season of the show features 10 amateur baking contestants selected from across Canada to participate in a competition of themed baking challenges. Adapted from The Great British Bake Off, each episode features three rounds: the Signature Bake, the Technical Challenge, and the Showstopper. After the two judges taste and critique the entries, they determine which contestant is crowned each week's \"Star Baker\" and which contestant will be sent home. In each season finale, the final three bakers compete to be named the winner of The Great Canadian Baking Show and take home the GCBS cake stand. Production Produced by Proper Television in association with the CBC and Love Productions, the show is filmed on the grounds of the Canadian Film Centre in Toronto during mid-summer, then premiered in November for season 1, and September for seasons 2 and 3, on CBC. The executive producer is Cathie James, and the series producers are Marike Emery (seasons 1 through 4) and Mark Ven de Ven (season 5). Levy, a self-proclaimed \"huge fan\" of the British series upon which the show is based, stated that he \"actively pursued\" the hosting role for the premiere season. CBC Television announced on February 7, 2018 that the series was renewed for a second season, and all hosts and judges would be returning. The series was renewed for a third season in 2019 with judge Bruno Feldeisen being joined by new judge Kyla Kennaley and new hosts Aurora Browne and Carolyn Taylor. The series was renewed for a fourth season due to air in 2020, but due to the COVID-19 pandemic, production was delayed and the season aired in early 2021, with new hosts Alan Shane Lewis and Ann Pornel. The fifth season aired in 2021 with the same hosts and judges. Hosts and judges Reception John Doyle, reviewing the first episode for The Globe and Mail, called the show boring and said that it lacked \"the major ingredients of eccentric flair and idiosyncratic contestants [of the original].\" Doyle's criticism of host Dan Levy's \"feyness\" in the review was called homophobic by Levy and others. Eater Montreal writer Tim Forster said the show's first episode is \"like somebody left the sugar out of the recipe: it looks", "title": "The Great Canadian Baking Show" }, { "docid": "9695567", "text": "Thomas Paul Allen (born ) is an English comedian, actor, writer and presenter. In 2005, he won the So You Think You're Funny contest at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe. Early life and education Allen attended Coopers School in Chislehurst. He trained with the National Youth Theatre, performing with the company in London and Manchester, in addition to working on outreach projects, films and also forming part of their Company Management Team. Career Comedian In 2005, at the age of 22, Allen won the UK comedy newcomer award, So You Think You're Funny. The same year, he won the BBC New Comedy Award. In 2016, he supported Sarah Millican on her sold-out tour of Australia, New Zealand and the UK. He has also supported Josh Widdicombe, Romesh Ranganathan and Michael McIntyre. After a sell-out run of his show Indeed at the Edinburgh Festival in 2016, he returned to The Pleasance in Edinburgh the following year with his show Absolutely. Allen subsequently embarked on his first solo tour around the UK in September 2017, and extended the tour into 2018, including two London runs at the Soho Theatre. Film Allen's film work includes Colour Me Kubrick with John Malkovich, Starter for Ten with James McAvoy and Mark Gatiss and Tamara Drewe. Television For the BBC, he has appeared in the series Sensitive Skin and The Cut, as well as biopics of Fanny Cradock (Fear of Fanny) and Frankie Howerd (Rather You Than Me). In 2008, Allen made his own documentary about identity for E4, titled Who Is Tom Allen?. In 2009, Allen appeared on Channel 4's weekly TNT Show, writing and presenting Dictionary Corner. He also appeared on Law of the Playground for the same broadcaster. In August 2015 and March 2016, Allen appeared on 8 Out of 10 Cats Does Countdown as a Dictionary Corner guest. In October 2016, he appeared as a guest on BBC2's The Great British Bake Off: An Extra Slice, and in January 2017, he made his debut on Live at the Apollo in an episode hosted by Sarah Millican. The following month, he appeared as a panellist on the CBBC show The Dog Ate My Homework. In July 2017, he appeared on a celebrity special version of gameshow The Crystal Maze and – an hour later the same night – on Mock the Week. He has also appeared on Big Brother's Big Mouth and Big Brother's Little Brother. In 2018, Allen appeared on the BBC One comedy quiz show Ready or Not. He hosted Bake Off: The Professionals with former contestant from The Great British Bake Off Liam Charles, but left before season 5 where he was replaced by Stacey Solomon. He joined the 2018 series of The Great British Bake Off: An Extra Slice as a regular contributor. In 2019, it was announced that he would become the new host from Series 15 of The Apprentice: You're Fired!, taking over from Rhod Gilbert. Allen also appeared in an episode of Josh Widdicombe's show Hypothetical. 2020", "title": "Tom Allen (comedian)" }, { "docid": "40688666", "text": "James Patrick Bowie Morton (born 26 May 1991) is a Scottish doctor, baker, author and reality television contestant, based in Glasgow, who rose to fame when he became the runner up on the third series of The Great British Bake Off. Early life James Morton was born in Inverness, Scotland, but from the age of three grew up in the Shetland Islands. He was introduced to baking by his maternal grandmother, who taught him after school each day. He is the son of journalist and former Radio Scotland radio presenter Tom Morton. The Great British Bake Off In the first Summer of his medical degree at the University of Glasgow, Morton worked washing dishes at a small Glasgow deli. A keen bread baker already, here he was exposed to the wide variation of bread production and results. From then on, he studied baking as a science rather than a craft, often preferring to read peer-review cereal journals than cookbooks. He watched The Great British Bake Off (Series 2) during 2011 and decided to apply after pressure from his university friends. During Morton's subsequent appearance on the show, he reached the final with bakes such as an \"oak-framed Gingerbread Barn\" and \"double Paris-Brest Choux pastry Bicycle,\" eventually losing out to winner John Whaite. Morton participated in the Bake Offs 2016 Xmas Special show, leading for much of the show but losing out to Chetna Makan after a series of errors in the showstopper round. Post-Bake Off baking activities Morton has amassed a large following on Twitter and Instagram and founded a popular baking blog. He wrote a regular column in the \"7 Days\" supplement of the Sunday Mail newspaper from 2013 to 2018. He regularly composes comment and recipes for a wide variety of online and print publications. He has been a guest celebrity on numerous television shows, including Sunday Brunch and Big Fat Quiz of the Year. In October 2013, he was a guest presenter on RBS: Finding Scotland's Real Heroes and has toured Scotland with his bread demonstration shows \"James Morton Kneads to Raise Some Dough\" and \"James Morton’s Stollen Christmas\", taking them to large festivals such as Dundee Flower and Food Festival and the Edinburgh Festival Fringe. He released his first book, Brilliant Bread, in August 2013, published by Ebury Publishing. It received a nomination for the best cookbook at the 2013 André Simon Awards and winning the Guild of Food Writers Award 2014 for best cookbook. His second book, How Baking Works (and what to do when it doesn't), was released on 12 March 2015. In 2019, he wrote another book on baking Super Sourdough. Morton also wrote books outside of baking. Brew: The Foolproof Guide to Making World-Class Beer at Home was published in 2016. His home brews won national awards – his Oatmeal Extra Pale being brewed by Dark Star Brewing Company in 2014 and Skeleton Blues by Stewart Brewing in 2015. In 2019, he co-wrote Shetland: Cooking on the Edge of the World with", "title": "James Morton (baker)" }, { "docid": "56532653", "text": "The first season of The Great Canadian Baking Show premiered on CBC Television on November 1, 2017. Ten amateur bakers competed over eight weeks of challenges throughout the competition for the title. This season was hosted by Canadian actor and television personality Dan Levy and British actress Julia Chan. The judging panel consisted of French chef Bruno Feldeisen, a multiple James Beard Award nominee and the former executive pastry chef for Four Seasons Hotels in New York and Vancouver, and Canadian-Australian pastry chef Rochelle Adonis, the European-trained creator of an eponymous high tea salon and confectionery brand in Australia. After eight weeks of competition, Sabrina Degni was crowned the winner with Vandana Jain and Linda Longson as runners-up. Bakers Results summary Episodes Episode 1: Cake For the signature challenge, the bakers were given two hours to make 24 cupcakes with two different types of flavours. The technical challenge was to create a cherry and pistachio Battenberg cake – a recipe handpicked by Rochelle – with the marzipan, fondant, and jam provided to them. The bakers had an hour and 45 minutes to complete the cake, making sure to expose the ends of the cake as traditionally presented. For the showstopper, the bakers had four hours to make a chocolate layer cake with at least two layers and at least two different kinds of chocolate. Episode 2: Bread For the signature challenge, the bakers were given two hours and 30 minutes to make a flavourful focaccia in whatever shape they chose. The technical challenge was to bake one dozen Montreal bagels: six with poppy seeds and six with sesame seeds. The bakers had two hours and 10 minutes to complete the bagels, ensuring they were properly poached in honey water to achieve subtle sweetness and the balance of a crispy crust and chewy centre. For the showstopper, the bakers had four hours to make a bread-based centrepiece with one or more sweet fillings. Episode 3: Dessert For the signature challenge, the bakers were given two hours to make a sweet pie or tart. The technical challenge was to bake one dozen Fondant Fancies, small sponge cake squares glazed with butter cream and then drizzled in fondant. The bakers had two hours to complete the fancies, ensuring they were all equally square and properly coated in fondant. For the showstopper, the bakers had three hours to make a pavlova. Episode 4: Canadian For the signature challenge, the bakers were given two hours to bake a tourtière. They were allowed to fill the pie with whatever they wanted, but had to also make a condiment to complement the pie. In the technical, the bakers were given one hour and forty-five minutes to make sixteen maple leaf cream cookies. The showstopper challenge was to make twelve doughnuts – six in one flavour and six in another – in three hours. Episode 5: Best of Britain For the Best of Britain Signature challenge, the bakers had 2 hours to create a trifle, making sure that", "title": "The Great Canadian Baking Show season 1" }, { "docid": "50154990", "text": "(The Best Pastry Chef) is a French culinary reality show broadcast on M6 since 2012 and in Belgium on RTL-TVI1. Adapted from the British show The Great British Bake Off, it is hosted by Marie Portolano. The jury consists of chef Cyril Lignac and culinary blogger Jacqueline Mercorelli, better known by her stage name \"\". They are frequently joined by guest judges. There have been eleven seasons of the main show, in which amateur bakers compete to be crowned The Best Pastry Chef. There have also been two celebrity series, whose winners have published a recipe book; the book's proceeds are donated to the charitable organisation. 2017 saw the introduction of , which involves professional pastry chefs in a format similar to the UK show's spin-off Bake Off: Crème de la Crème. The broadcast is followed by an aftershow entitled (The Best Pastry Chef: To your ovens). Production and organisation Filming The main series is shot in the grounds of various French castles: the first and eleventh series at the Château de Neuville in Gambais, the fifth at the Château de Maillebois near Chartres and the rest at the Château de Groussay in Montfort-l'Amaury. Since one episode takes two days to film, it takes six weeks in total to shoot each series. Hosting and voice-over Faustine Bollaert hosted the programme from the launch episode until the second celebrity special series in 2017 (Meilleur Pâtissier, spécial célébrités), just before her departure for France 2. Seasons 6 to 9 were hosted by Julia Vignali.<ref>Author=Charlotte Moreau M6 : Julia Vignali remplace Faustine Bollaert au «Meilleur Pâtissier» \|https://www.leparisien.fr/culture-loisirs/tv/m6-julia-vignali-remplace-faustine-bollaert-25-04-2017-6889374.php \|site=leparisien.fr \|date=2017-04-25 \|consulted on=2020-09-13</ref> Seasons 10 and 11 have been hosted by Marie Portolano. Meanwhile, Nathalie Homs has consistently performed the voice-over. Casting and selection of contestants There are several phases involved in the programme's casting process. For each series, the production team receives between 4,000 and 5,000 applications along with candidates’ photos. After reviewing these, only 400 to 600 amateur bakers are selected to visit the production offices where on-camera casting is carried out. Would-be contestants arrive with two cakes. The first is a specific example of traditional French patisserie. The second is a personal creation. A shortlist of forty is selected and a \"life-size\" test then carried out in a professional kitchen in the presence of Mercotte and the host among others. Here, fourteen candidates emerge who will go on to participate in the programme. Since season 9, one of the spots is reserved for the winner of En Route pour le Meilleur Pâtissier! (En route for The Best Pastry Chef!), which is a short competition featuring teenage bakers that takes place earlier in the summer. Judges Cyril Lignac (from series 1) Jacqueline Mercorelli, stage name \"\" (from series 1, except for Les Professionnels) (only in series 1 and 2 of Les Professionnels) (only in Les Professionnels) Frédéric Bau (only in series 1 of Les Professionnels) Audrey Gellet (only in series 2 of Les Professionnels) Benoît Blin (only in series 3 of Les Professionnels)", "title": "Le Meilleur Pâtissier" }, { "docid": "68474738", "text": "Bake Off Uruguay: El gran pastelero (English: Bake Off Uruguay: The Great Baker) is a Uruguayan reality television broadcast on Channel 4 and produced by Metrópolis Films based on the British television baking competition The Great British Bake Off. Premiered on August 26, 2021, the show follows a group of amateur bakers to compete against each other in a series of rounds, attempting to impress a group of judges with their baking skills. Production The Uruguayan version of the talent show was announced in May 2021, while the host and judges, in June. Online registrations were made between the months of May and June of the same year, and the face-to-face auditions were attended by about 2,000 people, of which only 14 were chosen for the first season of the contest. The program is filmed in a large tent, located in Jacksonville, Montevideo. In early February 2022 it was reported that Jean Paul Bondoux would not return for the second season, he stated that \"he was fired\". On the 16th, chef and presenter Hugo Soca was announced as his replacement. On the 17th, Facello announced that she would not host the second season in order to \"dedicate herself\" to other projects. A day later, the production of the program announced that Jimena Sabaris would replace her. On February 24, Stephanie Rauhut announced that she would also not be returning as a judge in order to \"spend time with her family\"; she was replaced by chef and author Rose Galfione. Cast First season (2021) Contestants References External links 2021 Uruguayan television series debuts Uruguayan reality television series International versions of The Great British Bake Off Canal 4 (Uruguayan TV channel) original programming", "title": "Bake Off Uruguay" }, { "docid": "71414945", "text": "Briony May Williams (born ) is a British celebrity chef and presenter. She appeared on series 9 of The Great British Bake Off in 2018, finishing fourth. She presents the cooking show Food Unwrapped and the reality housing show Escape to the Country, and writes recipe columns for BristolLife and the supermarket Asda's Good Living. Personal life Williams is from Bristol, England. She was born with a physical birth defect in her left hand, which stops at her wrist—she calls it her \"little hand\". Williams said that her family did not use the word disability due to stigma around the term. She had some specialised equipment, such as a recorder provided by the disability charity Reach that could be played one-handed, but learned to complete tasks like tying her shoelaces unaided. Williams attended an all-girls secondary school. Since her early 20s, she has experienced depression. After studying Spanish and French at Durham University, she became a secondary school teacher in the same subjects, qualifying with a Postgraduate Certificate in Education (PGCE) from the University of Bristol. She met her husband Steve, a software engineer, online around 2010. Williams baked with her mother and grandmother as a child, but began taking it seriously in 2013, after she was diagnosed with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and had to take time off work. She used YouTube tutorials, such as the ones by Cupcake Jemma, to gain baking knowledge. During this period, she also took up running. She had a daughter a couple of years later, and baked with her as a young child. In 2017, she joined a local running community, This Mum Runs, and ran the Great Bristol Half Marathon that year. The Great British Bake Off In 2018, Williams was a contestant on the ninth series of The Great British Bake Off, a television baking competition. She earned the weekly Star Baker accolade in Pastry Week after baking a pie themed around Alice in Wonderland. Eliminated in the semi-final, she finished fourth of 12. In 2019, she appeared on the Christmas special The Great Christmas Bake Off, winning the episode. Williams told Bake Off producers that she did not want different accommodations due to her limb difference; after appearing on the show, she became more comfortable using the term disabled. At her request, her disability was not mentioned on the show. She later told Disability Horizons that it should \"just be natural\" to see disabled actors and presenters and that they should not be limited to disability-related topics. She found the production process—with filming at the weekend and practicing bakes during the week—very intense, and credited exercise with giving her the energy to progress far through the series. She said she \"had no energy left\" after the semi-final and suffered a chest infection that weekend. Post-Bake Off career Williams is a presenter of Food Unwrapped for Channel 4. The series sees her travelling to research food and drink. She secured the role after being approached by producers, as the show was", "title": "Briony May Williams" }, { "docid": "37925894", "text": "The Great Australian Bake Off is an Australian television baking series that is based on the BBC baking competition The Great British Bake Off. The series first premiered on 9 July 2013 on the Nine Network and ran for one season with presenters Shane Jacobson and Anna Gare and judges Dan Lepard and Kerry Vincent. On 1 April 2015, it was announced that the series had been picked up by pay television channel LifeStyle Food and production company FremantleMedia Australia for a second season which premiered on 13 October 2015 with presenters Claire Hooper and Mel Buttle and judges Maggie Beer and Matt Moran. Another three seasons aired on LifeStyle Food and LifeStyle between 2016 and 2019. In December 2020, there was speculation the series was to be picked up by the Seven Network for its sixth season, however in March 2021, Foxtel was in “advanced discussions” for a series return. In June 2021, it was officially renewed by Foxtel with auditions open from June to 18 July 2021, with BBC Studios Australia taking over production from Fremantle Australia. The sixth season premiered on 27 January 2022. On 4 August 2022, Foxtel announced a new-look seventh season had been commissioned, to air in 2023 with filming commencing in September. Maggie Beer, Matt Moran, Claire Hooper and Mel Buttle are departing the show, with new judges and hosts to be announced. On 30 August 2022 Foxtel revealed pastry chef Darren Purchese and culinary expert Rachel Khoo as the show's new judges, with comedians Cal Wilson and Natalie Tran to host. The seventh season premiered on 13 June 2023. Maggie Beer made a guest appearance in the seventh season. The eighth season, filmed earlier in 2023, will air in 2024 and will be the second and final appearance of Cal Wilson as host as she died in October 2023. Format The programme operates on a weekly elimination process to find the best all-round amateur baker from the contestants, where in each episode the bakers are tasked with 3 different challenges; a signature bake, a technical bake and a show-stopper. The bakes are critically examined by the judges who will then choose a \"Star Baker\" and a baker that is eliminated from the competition. Ten contestants were chosen for the first season, and twelve contestants were chosen for each subsequent season. Signature Challenge: This challenge is for the amateur bakers to show off their tried-and-tested recipes that are rustic and altogether home-made-looking. Technical Challenge: This challenge shows who can follow instructions, but who also has the technical knowledge and experience to produce the finished product. The bakers are all given the same recipe and are not told beforehand what the challenge will be. The finished product is ranked from worst to best, with the judges not knowing who produced which. Showstopper Challenge: This challenge is for the bakers to show off their skills and talent. The judges are looking for a bake that is both of a professional appearance but also in taste.", "title": "The Great Australian Bake Off" }, { "docid": "59203417", "text": "The fourth season of The Great American Baking Show, titled The Great American Baking Show: Holiday Edition, premiered December 6, 2018 on the ABC network as part of the year's 25 Days of Christmas lineup. This is the first season hosted by Spice Girls member Emma Bunton. Returning for their second seasons are Anthony \"Spice\" Adams and Paul Hollywood. Joining the judging panel is three-time James Beard Award recipient and pastry chef Sherry Yard. This is the first season without original judge Johnny Iuzzini. Iuzzini was dismissed from the ABC network following sexual harassment allegations, days after the season three premiere and, prematurely, pulled the season off the air. The competition concluded after six weeks, in which Tina Zaccardi was crowned the season winner. Amanda Nguyen and Andrea Maranville finished the competition as runners-up. Bakers Results summary Color key: Episodes Episode 1: Cake Color key: During the showstopper bake, Tina scrapped her original recipe for pumpkin spice cake when it did not rise. She substituted a chocolate cake recipe she knew well, and presented her showstoppers as \"Autumn Harvest Cakes\". Episode 2: Pastry Episode 3: Cookies Episode 4: Bread Episode 5: Semi-Final Episode 6: Final Ratings References 4 2018 American television seasons", "title": "The Great American Baking Show season 4" }, { "docid": "52757952", "text": "The Great American Baking Show is an American cooking competition television series and an adaptation of The Great British Bake Off (which is aired in the United States under the title The Great British Baking Show). Its first season aired on ABC under the title The Great Holiday Baking Show. The show is the second licensed adaptation of the GBBO format in the United States. In 2013, CBS produced one season of The American Baking Competition, which was hosted by Jeff Foxworthy, with Paul Hollywood and Mexican-American chef Marcela Valladolid as judges. The first two seasons were hosted by Nia Vardalos and Ian Gomez, with Mary Berry from the original GBBO series and American pastry chef Johnny Iuzzini as judges. The third season was hosted by cookbook author Ayesha Curry and former football player Anthony Adams. Iuzzini returned as judge and was joined by original GBBO judge Paul Hollywood. The season was pulled off the schedule following sexual harassment allegations against judge Iuzzini, who was officially fired from the show and ABC. Curry and Iuzzini did not return for the fourth season. On May 4, 2018, the show was renewed for a fourth season. Emma Bunton and Sherry Yard were hired as replacement host and judge, respectively. On August 1, 2019, the show was renewed for a fifth season, which premiered on December 12, 2019. On May 3, 2022, it was announced that The Roku Channel would be airing a new season of the show, with Paul Hollywood returning as judge, along with Prue Leith from GBBO. Roku also announced plans to air The Great American Baking Show: Celebrity Holiday, featuring celebrities competing to raise money for charity. All six episodes of new season of the show premiered on May 5, 2023. The Roku Channel has ordered a seventh season of this series. Hosts and judges Season overview Season 1 (2015) Season 1 aired under the titleThe Great Holiday Baking Show and marked a return of the GBBO format to American television after the cancellation of the series by CBS in late 2013 when it was originally aired under the title The American Baking Competition after one season. Six bakers participated in the first ABC season. The season was won by Lauren Katz, beating out Nicole Silva and Tim Samson in the finale. Season 2 (2016–17) Season 2 returned the following year as The Great American Baking Show with ten bakers and an eight-week competition. The season was won by Amanda Faber, with Stephanie Chen as the runner-up. Season 3 (2017) The third season began airing December 7, 2017, with a two-hour premiere. It is the first season hosted by Curry and Adams and for judge Hollywood who last appeared on the 2013 CBS version of the show. This season, baker Antoinette Love, withdrew following a family death, returned to the competition. The season was withdrawn from ABC's schedule on December 13, 2017, following allegations of sexual misconduct by Iuzzini. ABC announced that it would not air the remaining episodes.", "title": "The Great American Baking Show" }, { "docid": "73008128", "text": "All That Glitters: Britain's Next Jewellery Star is a BBC reality show that began airing on BBC Two on 13 April 2021. In the show, jewellers compete to be named \"Britain's Next Jewellery Star\". A spin-off of the format of The Great British Bake Off, the programme is presented by Katherine Ryan, with judges Shaun Leane and Solange Azagury-Partridge (series 1) and Dinny Hall (series 2). The second series began airing on BBC Two in August 2022. It was confirmed in April 2023, that a third season would not be commissioned and the series was axed by the BBC. Series format The show format is similar to The Great British Bake Off in that each episode features challenges which to be completed within a certain time period. The series starts with eight jewellers, with one being eliminated each episode. In the Best Seller challenge, the judges ask the jewellers to create specific jewellery, meeting certain criteria, with a view towards marketability. In the Bespoke Brief, the jewellers are given a request from a member of the public to design and create a specific item, with that person then making a selection from the various items made. Series overview Series 1 (2021) The first series of All That Glitters: Britain's Next Jewellery Star started on 13 April 2021 and aired for six episodes, concluding on 18 May. The series was hosted by Katherine Ryan and the judges were Shaun Leane and Solange Azagury-Partridge. The final was won by Hugo Johnson, with Dan Musselwhite and Tamara Gomez as runners up. Series 2 (2022) A second series of All That Glitters: Britain's Next Jewellery Star began airing on 25 August 2022 on BBC Two. The second episode was delayed by five days to accommodate coverage of the death of Queen Elizabeth II. The series was again hosted by Katherine Ryan, Shaun Leane returned as judge, alongside new judge Dinny Hall, who replaced Solange Azagury-Partridge. The final was won by Piers Carpenter, with Emma White and Jack Mitchell as runners up. International broadcasts Broadcast New Zealand - broadcast since 2022 on Eden See also Handmade: Britain's Best Woodworker The Great British Bake Off The Great British Sewing Bee The Great Pottery Throw Down References External links All That Glitters: Britain's Next Jewellery Star 2021 British television series debuts 2022 British television series endings 2020s British reality television series BBC reality television shows BBC television game shows British television spin-offs British English-language television shows Reality television spin-offs Jewellery Reality competition television series Television series by Warner Bros. Television Studios", "title": "All That Glitters: Britain's Next Jewellery Star" }, { "docid": "53377516", "text": "The Big Family Cooking Showdown, often referred to as simply Cooking Showdown or BFCS, is a BBC team cooking competition. The first season was hosted by Great British Bake Off winner Nadiya Hussain and Zoe Ball. Each week, two teams of three family members competed in three challenges, judged by Michelin starred chef Giorgio Locatelli and cookery teacher Rosemary Shrager. The winners in each of eight heats moved on to the semi-finals, consisting of three episodes. The three semi-final winners then progressed to the final episode where the winning family was selected. The Big Family Cooking Showdown premiered on BBC Two on Tuesday, 15 August 2017, then moved to Thursday evenings on 31 August to avoid a scheduling conflict with The Great British Bake Off on Channel 4. On 9 May 2018, the BBC announced that the show would return for a second season of 14 episodes airing in a new slot of 7pm. The second season aired multiple episodes per week, beginning on 15 October 2018. The show returned with a refreshed style and modified format, and without any of the original line-up of presenters or judges featured in the first series. Presenter and Celebrity MasterChef winner Angellica Bell was joined by Michelin starred chef Tommy Banks to host and co-judge the second series. After viewership and ratings fell below expectations, BBC announced that the show would be cancelled. Production and Format In both the first and second season of the competition, each team consists of three family members. However, otherwise the two seasons of the show are somewhat distinct in terms of production style and format. Season One The first season of the series, The Cooking Showdown kitchen is located in the main barn at the Quadrangle Trust, near Shoreham in Kent. Each heat featured two teams, while each semi-final and the final featured three teams. There were 12 episodes in total, and one episode aired per week. Season one featured two judges, Giorgio Locatelli and Rosemary Shrager, and two presenters Nadiya Hussain and Zoe Ball. Only one of the presenters would travel to the home visit challenge, which took place in the contestants' homes. However, both presenters were present in the barn, except for the final episode, which didn't feature Zoe Ball. Heats In each episode, two teams comprising three family members competed in three time-limited rounds. At the end of the three rounds, a winner was selected, who moved on to one of a series of semi-final rounds. Round 1: The £10 Challenge (1 hour and 15 minutes): In the £10 Challenge, the teams must prepare two courses for four on a budget. Round 2: Home Visits Challenge (1 hour and 30 minutes): Each team cooks and serves a main course and a dessert for the judges in their own home kitchen. Round 3: Impress the Neighbours Challenge (2 hours and 15 minutes): The teams returned to the barn to create their finest starter and a main course, with no budget. Semi-finals What's in the Fridge?", "title": "The Big Family Cooking Showdown" }, { "docid": "47366090", "text": "The sixth series (Season 3 on PBS, or Collection 3 on Netflix in the US) of The Great British Bake Off first aired on 5 August 2015, with twelve contestants competing to be the series 6 winner. Mel Giedroyc and Sue Perkins presented the show, and Mary Berry and Paul Hollywood returned as judges. The competition was held in the ground of Welford Park, Berkshire for a second year. The series was won by Nadiya Hussain, with Tamal Ray and Ian Cumming finishing as runners-up. The sixth series was broadcast as the third season on PBS in the United States. Bakers Results summary Colour key: Episodes Episode 1: Cakes For the first signature challenge, the bakers were given 2 hours to make a Madeira Cake, which was chosen as an \"easy\" challenge for the bakers. The cake should have a dome and a crack on top, though Mary stated the cake should not differ too far from the original. For the technical challenge, the bakers had 13⁄4 hours to make Mary Berry's recipe for a Walnut Cake, which should have three layers, a meringue coating, and caramelised walnuts. For the showstopper, challenge the bakers had 31⁄2 hours to make a Black Forest Gâteau. The bakers were tasked with making a cake that should be extravagant and should \"impress\" Mary and Paul. Episode 2: Biscuits For the signature challenge, the bakers were given 2 hours to bake 24 identical biscotti of any shape, flavour or size. In the technical challenge, they were required to make 8 arlettes, which are high-end light delicate cinnamon-flavoured biscuits, in 21⁄2 hours. For the show stopper, they were set the challenge of making 36 biscuits to be presented in a biscuit box made of a different kind of biscuit mix. They were given 4 hours in this challenge. Episode 3: Bread In their signature challenge, the bakers were given 11⁄2 hour to make 2 quick bread to be made free-form (i.e. not in a tin). For the technical challenge, Paul set the bakers the challenge of baking 4 identical crusty baguettes in 21⁄2 hours. For the showstopper challenge, the bakers needed to make a 3D bread sculpture in 5 hours, using three types of dough, and one of them should be filled. Paul received the first ever special commendation for his showstopper King of the Jungle. Episode 4: Desserts For the signature challenge, the bakers had 2 hours to make 12 crème brûlées. The brief specified that the custard must be set and that the bakers weren't allowed to use a blowtorch to caramelize the top. For the technical challenge, the bakers had 4 hours to make a Spanische Windtorte. This dessert had 2 types of meringue, Swiss and French, designed into a circular box and filled with cream and fruit. Three tiers of sweet cheesecakes were set as the showstopper. The structure must be self-standing, have unique flavors and be completed in 41⁄2 hours. Episode 5: Alternative Ingredients This episode has a theme of using", "title": "The Great British Bake Off series 6" }, { "docid": "40211950", "text": "The fourth series of The Great British Bake Off began airing on 20 August 2013. Mel Giedroyc and Sue Perkins again presented the show and Mary Berry and Paul Hollywood returned as judges. As with series three, the competition was held at Harptree Court in East Harptree, Somerset. 13,000 amateur bakers applied to appear on the programme, and 100 were selected for screen test, with the best 60 advancing to a three-day audition. From these, 13 contestants were chosen this year so the judges could eliminate two people whenever they wanted. The winner of the Great British Bake Off 2013 was Frances Quinn. The fourth series was broadcast as the second season on PBS in the United States. Bakers Results summary Colour key: Episodes Episode 1: Cakes The bakers were given 2 hours to make a sandwich cake with filling of their choice for the signature challenge. For their first technical challenge, the bakers were required to bake an angel food cake using Mary Berry's recipe in 21⁄2 hours. For the showstopper, the challenge was to make a chocolate cake using at least two types of chocolate to decorate the cake. They were given 4 hours for this bake. Episode 2: Bread The bakers were asked to make, in 2 hours, 36 breadsticks, all made using yeast, of at least 25 cm (10 inches) in length, and the breadsticks should be crisp and produce a good snap. For the technical challenge, the bakers have to make 8 English muffins using Paul's recipe in 2¾ hours. For the final bake, an elaborately decorated loaf was set as the showstopper challenge to be completed in 4 hours. Episode 3: Desserts For their signature challenge, the bakers were asked to make a trifle of their own choice, using ladyfingers, sponge or biscuit for the base and either jam or custard for the middle layer, to be done in 3 hours. For their technical challenge, the bakers were required to prepare, in 11⁄2 hours, 6 floating islands using Mary Berry's recipe. For the show-stopper, the bakers were set the task of making 24 petit fours, 12 biscuit based, 12 sponge based, to be finished in 3 hours. In this challenge, Deborah accidentally used Howard's custard. As a result, Howard used Deborah's custard in his trifle. This switch was revealed to Paul and Mary, who appropriately judged their custards separately in their respective trifles. The incident was dubbed Custardgate by the press. Episode 4: Pies and Tarts For the signature challenge the bakers are asked to bake a double-crusted fruit pie with a filling of their choice to be done in 2 hours. For their fourth technical challenge, the bakers were required to bake a tart that has almost a 700-year history; the egg custard tart, that needs to be done in 2 hours. For the showstopper, the challenge was to make a filo pie centerpiece using the filo pastry that they had made from scratch to be done in 4 hours. Episode 5: Biscuits", "title": "The Great British Bake Off series 4" }, { "docid": "43956432", "text": "The Great British Bake Off is a British television baking competition to find Britain's best amateur baker. The show premiered in 2010, and is airing its thirteenth series in 2022. From series two onwards, Judges Paul Hollywood and Mary Berry (through 2016) or Prue Leith (since 2017) have awarded \"Star Baker\" to the contestant deemed to have most excelled that particular week. Numerous bakers have received the accolade on more than one occasion. For example, Ruby Tandoh in series four won the Star Baker title three times. Richard Burr currently holds the title record, winning five times (of a possible nine). Each series winner has usually received the Star Baker award at some point, but the accolade holds no influence on the outcome. List of bakers Notes Richard Burr, Ian Cummings, Steph Blackwell and Syabira Yusoff of series 5, 6, 10 and 13 respectively have the longest collective run of Star Baker wins, each winning the accolade three weeks consecutively in their series. Burr also has the largest number of star baker wins, with five. In series 6, contestant Paul Jagger was awarded a \"special commendation\" for his bread sculpture. Series 10 winner David Atherton is the only winner to have never won star baker. See also List of The Great British Bake Off contestants List of The Great British Bake Off finalists References British television-related lists Lists of reality show participants", "title": "List of The Great British Bake Off Star Bakers" }, { "docid": "58862077", "text": "{{Infobox television \| image = \| alt = \| genre = Baking Reality \| creator = \| developer = \| director = \| creative_director = \| presenter = Hayley SproullPax AssadiMadeleine Sami (former) \| judges = Peter GordonJordan RondelDean Brettschneider (former)Sue Fleischl (former) \| theme_music_composer = Tom Howe \| opentheme = \| endtheme = \| composer = \| country = New Zealand \| language = English \| num_seasons = 6 \| num_episodes = 30 \| executive_producer = Emma WhiteGreg Heathcote \| producer = \| location = The Kelliher Estate, Puketutu Island, Auckland (2018–2019)Parihoa Farm, Muriwai, Auckland (2021–present) \| cinematography = \| camera = \| runtime = 60–90 minutes \| company = Warner Bros. International Television Production \| first_aired = \| last_aired = present \| related = The Great British Bake Off \| channel = TVNZ 2 (2018–2019)TVNZ 1 (2021–) }}The Great Kiwi Bake Off is a New Zealand television baking competition based on The Great British Bake Off in which 12 amateur bakers compete in a series of baking challenges. The show's first episode was aired on 16 October 2018 on TVNZ 2. The show is hosted by Hayley Sproull and Madeleine Sami, with judges Dean Brettschneider and Sue Fleischl. The show, like other spinoffs of The Great British Bake Off, uses a similar style, format, and opening theme song to the British series. Like the British series, the show is followed by a recap special called An Extra Slice, hosted by Chris Parker, discussing the episode of the week and interviewing contestants who have been eliminated. Format The programme operates on a weekly elimination process to find the best all-round baker from the contestants who are all amateurs, where in each episode the bakers are tasked with different challenges: a signature bake, a technical bake, and a showstopper. The first season only included two of the three challenges with the exception of the finale. All three challenges were included during the second season. The bakes are critically examined by the judges who will then choose a \"Star Baker\" and a baker that is eliminated from the competition. Signature Challenge: This challenge allows the amateur bakers to show off their tried-and-tested recipes. Technical Challenge: This challenge shows who can follow minimal instructions and who also has the technical knowledge and experience to produce a finished product. The bakers are all given the same recipe and are not told the challenge beforehand. The finished product is ranked from worst to best with the judges not knowing who produced which bake. Showstopper Challenge: This challenge allows the bakers to show off their skills and talent with the judges looking for a bake with both a professional appearance and great taste. Season overview Season 1 (2018) This season premiered on 16 October 2018 and featured four bakers in the finale instead of the typical three. The season was won by Annabel Coulter from Timaru. Runners-up were Stacey Johnsen, Jeff Poole and Hannah Ward. Season 2 (2019) This season premiered on 3 November 2019.", "title": "The Great Kiwi Bake Off" }, { "docid": "68519932", "text": "The British Academy Television Audience Award was awarded annually as part of the British Academy Television Awards. The category was created in 2000 and was last awarded in 2016, before being replaced by the British Academy Television Award for Virgin TV's Must-See Moment. It was the only award voted by the public. Winners and nominees 2000s 2010s Shows with multiple wins and nominations Multiple wins The following shows have been awarded the British Academy Television Award for Actor multiple times: 2 wins Doctor Who Multiple nominations The following shows have been nominated for the British Academy Television Award for Actor multiple times: 5 nominations The Great British Bake Off 4 nominations Strictly Come Dancing 3 nominations The Apprentice Sherlock The Vicar of Dibley The X Factor 2 nominations A Touch of Frost Doctor Who Educating... Game of Thrones References Audience Awards established in 2000 Awards disestablished in 2016 Audience awards", "title": "British Academy Television Audience Award" }, { "docid": "67169187", "text": "The Great British Bake Off is a British television baking competition, produced by Love Productions. It premiered on BBC Two in 2010, then moved to BBC One in 2014, and then moved to Channel 4 in 2017. This list contains sections about annual winners and runners-up who appeared in the first seven series that aired on BBC. The information seen in tables, including age and occupation, are based on the time of filming. Series 1 (2010) No baker was awarded Star Baker this season. Edd Kimber (winner) Edd Kimber (born 7 March 1985 in Bradford), the winner of the first series in 2010, previously worked as a debt collector for a bank at the time of original airing. Since then, Kimber has written the following cookbooks: The Boy Who Bakes (2011; ), Say It with Cake (2012; ), Patisserie Made Simple (2014; ), One Tin Bakes (2020; ), One Tin Bakes Easy (2021; ), and Small Batch Bakes (2022; ). He was \"resident baker\" on The Alan Titchmarsh Show. He came out while attending a university and lives in Highbury, North London, with his male partner. Miranda Gore Browne Miranda Gore Browne, eliminated in the finals of the first series, was a buyer of Marks & Spencer at the time of original airing. As of 2017, she is a consultant for the National Trust and ambassador for Aga Rangemaster Group. She also hosts baking classes in West Sussex. She wrote her cookbooks Biscuit (2012; ) and Bake Me a Cake As Fast As You Can (2014; ). She also appeared in a video A Perfect Afternoon Tea (2014). Ruth Clemens Ruth Clemens, runner-up of the first series, established her blog The Pink Whisk, which Kate Watson-Smyth of The Independent ranked 49th out of fifty \"best food websites\" of 2011. Series 2 (2011) There was no Star Baker on the seventh week as Paul and Mary felt singling out one baker when the results were incredibly close would not be right. Jo Wheatley (winner) Joanne Wheatley (née Rutland; born 27 May 1969), the winner of the second series, has started her own cookery school and written two cookbooks A Passion For Baking (2013; ) and Home Baking (2014; ). She has appeared in The One Show, performed cooking demonstrations on The Alan Titchmarsh Show and written a column in the Sainsbury's magazine. She writes for The Sun and various food publications. Wheatley is married to Richard, who was sentenced on 20 April 2010 to seven years in prison for a £60-million money laundering scheme. They have three sons together. Holly Bell Holly Bell, one of runners-up of the second series, worked in an advertising industry at the time of original airing. She wrote her cookbook Recipes from a Normal Mum (2014; ) Mary-Anne Boermans Mary-Anne Boermans (born 1964/65), one of runners-up of the second series, had been a housewife at the time of original airing and previously played women's rugby for Wales. She wrote her cookbook Great British Bakes (2013; )", "title": "List of The Great British Bake Off finalists (series 1–7)" }, { "docid": "55537161", "text": "The first season of The Great American Baking Show, released under the title The Great Holiday Baking Show, premiered on ABC on November 30, 2015 as part of ABC's holiday programming schedule. Six amateur bakers competed in twelve challenges throughout the competition for the title of America's best holiday baker. This season was hosted by husband and wife duo Nia Vardalos and Ian Gomez. The judging panel consisted of original The Great British Bake Off judge Mary Berry and American pastry chef Johnny Iuzzini. As with the British series, this season was filmed in Welford Park with slight holiday decorative modifications made in the set known as \"The Tent\". After four weeks of competition, Lauren Katz was crowned the winner with Nicole Silva and Tim Samson as runners-up. Bakers Results summary Color Key: Episodes Episode 1: Cookies For the first signature bake, the bakers were given two hours to make two unique batches of ten cookies, with one batch having icing. Later in the technical bake, bakers only had one hour to bake sixteen brandy snaps according to Mary Berry's recipe. The final bake of the week called the showstopper required bakers to bake a structured gingerbread with decorative designs and cookies around it within five hours. Color key: Episode 2: Cake Festive holiday bakes continued in the tent as bakers had two hours to create a yule log sponge cake with a sweet filling of their choice. The technical bake was based on the recipe of Johnny Iuzzini's tiramisu cake with ladyfinger crisps. For the final showstopper bake, the bakers created a \"Twelve Days of Christmas\" fruitcake that revolved around one of the verses from the traditional Christmas carol. Episode 3: Pastry In the semifinals, the bakers created two batches of breakfast pastries with any holiday flavor of their choosing. The technical tested the skills of the remaining bakers in Mary Berry's Christmas fruit tart. For the final pastry bake, the bakers created a centerpiece made from cream puffs and pastry pieces for a spot in the final three. Episode 4: Final The final three begun with the signature bake, a holiday pie, to be baked under two-and-a-half hours. The pie also had to be accompanied with a delectable sauce on the side. In the technical, the bakers baked a candy cane-shaped bread with delicate icing and fruit. The final showstopper of the season lasted five hours, as bakers built up to make a three-dimensional presents cake. Ratings References 1 2015 American television seasons", "title": "The Great American Baking Show season 1" }, { "docid": "43390600", "text": "The fifth series of The Great British Bake Off first aired on 6 August 2014, with twelve contestants. Mel Giedroyc and Sue Perkins presented the show and Mary Berry and Paul Hollywood returned as judges. Twelve contestants competed in this series, and the competition was held in Welford Park in Berkshire. The series was won by Nancy Birtwhistle, with Luis Troyano and Richard Burr finishing as runners-up. The programme was moved from BBC Two to BBC One starting this year, but the Masterclass episodes remained on BBC Two. A companion series, The Great British Bake Off: An Extra Slice, hosted by comedian Jo Brand, started this year on BBC Two. The fifth series was broadcast as the first season on PBS in the United States. Bakers Results summary Diana left the show after episode 4 due to illness. Her departure was announced at the start of episode 5. The night before episode 5 was scheduled to be taped, she suffered a head injury, resulting in an overnight stay in A&E and a loss of her senses of taste and smell that persisted. Because the judges were unable to agree, no-one was eliminated this week. Colour key: Episodes Episode 1: Cakes For their first bake, the contestants were required to make a Swiss Roll as their signature challenge in 21⁄2 hours. For the technical bake, the bakers were set the challenge of baking a cherry cake in 2 hours using Mary Berry's recipe. In the showstopper challenge, the bakers were given 31⁄2 hours to bake their own choice of classic British cakes in miniature. The bakers needed to make 36 cakes of identical size, shape and texture. Episode 2: Biscuits In the signature, the bakers had 2 hours to bake 36 savoury biscuits. In the technical challenge, they had 11⁄4 hours with Mary Berry's recipe for 18 florentines, which the bakers found difficult. In the final challenge, the bakers had 4 hours to make a 3D biscuit scene/structure. Episode 3: Bread In bread week, the bakers firstly had to make 12 rye bread rolls in 31⁄2 hours. In the technical challenge, they were given 3 hours to make 4 ciabatta loaves using Paul Hollywood's recipe, with the advice from Paul that they should be patient. In the showstopper, the bakers were required to make a bread centrepiece in 4 hours. The centrepiece should be a filled-loaf that is spectacular and tasty, and would be judged on its appearance, design and crust, and should be well-baked on the inside. Episode 4: Desserts For the signature bake, the judges gave the bakers two hours to make 8 self-saucing puddings, meaning the sauce should come from the bake itself. The bakers may choose to make either a fondant or a sponge which creates its own sauce at the bottom. In the technical, they had to bake Mary Berry's own tiramisu cake recipe in 21⁄2 hours. In the showstopper, they had 41⁄2 hours to make baked Alaskas. Many of the bakers struggled to make baked", "title": "The Great British Bake Off series 5" }, { "docid": "53266967", "text": "The Big Painting Challenge is a television programme first broadcast on BBC One on 22 February 2015. It is a contest in the style of The Great British Bake Off but with the craft of painting rather than baking. Series 1 (2015) Una Stubbs and Richard Bacon hosted this series, in which 10 amateur painters took on three specially designed challenges each week, using a wide range of mediums. Expert judges Daphne Todd and Lachlan Goudie decided who would be leaving each week. The ten contestants were:- Jan Szymczuk Paul Bell (Winner) Melvyn Flint Amy Goldring Richard Anthea Lay Alison Stafford Claire Parker Anne Blankson Hemans Heather Harding Series 2 (2017) Mariella Frostrup and the Rev Richard Coles took over as hosts for series 2. Goudie and Todd were joined by David Dibosa to assess their efforts of the contestants and decide who was eliminated. Diana Ali and Pascal Anson also joined the programme as mentors to the painters. Series 3 (2018) Mariella Frostrup and Rev Richard Coles presented the third series, which began with 10 contestants. Each week, the finished art was displayed to members of the public, who voted for their favourite. Judges Goudie and Todd decided which contestant would be eliminated. In week 2, Fraser Scaarfe was a guest judge in Lachlan's absence. Colour key: Painter got through to the next round. Painter was eliminated. Painter was the Public Choice. Painter was a series runner-up. Painter was the series winner. Series 4 - Celebrity Painting Challenge (2019) Six well known figures - Jane Seymour, Laurence Llewelyn-Bowen, Phil Tufnell, George Shelley, Amber Le Bon and Josie d'Arby - took part in a celebrity version of the contest. Mariella Frostrup was presenter and judges Daphne Todd and Lachlan Goudie returned to critique and review the work. Diana Ali and Pascal Anson returned to mentor the celebrities. Josie D'Arby was crowned the winner in the third episode. Transmissions Series Reception Sam Woollaston of The Guardian described the first series as \"nothing original\" to other tried and tested formats, though it did set out to prove painters weren't all \"white, upper-middle-class retirees in smocks and straw hats\" and worked much better than other programmes because of its visual subject matter. In April 2018 The Telegraph reviewer gave 3 out of 5 stars for Series 3. References External links 2015 British television series debuts 2019 British television series endings 2010s British game shows BBC television game shows BBC reality television shows British English-language television shows Television series by BBC Studios", "title": "The Big Painting Challenge" }, { "docid": "42118134", "text": "Dan Lepard (born 1964) is an Australian baker, food writer, photographer, television presenter and celebrity chef. He was previously a fashion photographer working for Italian Vogue before changing careers age 27, and is today known for reconciling historical methods with innovation in baking. Biography In 1992 Dan became a pastry chef for Alastair Little in Soho, London even though he had no formal training. He then worked for David Hockney as a chef in both London and Los Angeles. He started working as a baker and consultant at Baker & Spice Bakery in 1997. At his time at Baker & Spice he worked with Sami Tamimi (chef), Yotam Ottolenghi (head pastry chef), and Jim Webb (head viennoiserie chef). Tamimi, Ottolenghi and Webb along with Noam Bar later teamed up to start Ottolenghi's deli's and restaurants, and Dan helped advise the team on the bread for their bakeries. He has founded bakeries for Fergus Henderson at St John, John Torode at Mezzo, Tony Kitous at Levant and Giorgio Locatelli at Locanda Locatelli and Zafferano. In 2003, he was the winner of the Outstanding Contribution to London Restaurants at the London Restaurant Awards. In 2012, he created the pop-up bakery The Loaf in a Box in San Sebastián, Spain. It ran from July to September and served as an arena for all those who love bread to debate and eat fantastic produce. In 2012 UK supermarket chain Sainsbury's launched a baking website with Dan where he has a regular Q&A slot. Writing career From September 2005 through to September 2013 he wrote a weekly baking column in The Guardian called How to Bake. His column has been very popular drawing a broad fanbase of eager home bakers. Dan's recipes can also be found on the BBC Food website and he is the baking guru for Mumsnet.com. He also writes for Waitrose Magazine, Sainsburys Magazine, and Delicious Magazine (UK). In Australia Dan writes for Gourmet Traveller Magazine. In April 2014 Dan started to write a cookery column for The Sydney Morning Herald and The Age in Melbourne Television career In 2013 Dan featured as a judge alongside Kerry Vincent on The Great Australian Bake Off, a cooking television series aired on Nine Network in Australia. This was the first series and is based on the popular British format The Great British Bake Off. In the UK he appears as a guest chef on Channel Four's Sunday Brunch. Teaching Dan teaches sourdough masterclasses for the Cookery School at Little Portland Street, London. He frequently gives baking demonstrations, talks and masterclasses throughout the country at a wide range of events and festivals. Personal life He has lived in London since his late teens. In 2012 Dan Lepard entered into a civil partnership with his long-term partner and business manager David Whitehouse. Bibliography Baking with Passion (1999) – winner of the Guild of Food Writers' Cook Book of the Year Award The Handmade Loaf (2004) – shortlisted for a Guild of Food Writers Award and a", "title": "Dan Lepard" }, { "docid": "44050450", "text": "Red Nose Day 2015 was a fund-raising event organised by Comic Relief. It was broadcast live on BBC One and BBC Two from the evening of Friday 13th March 2015 in to the early hours of Saturday 14th March 2015 and it was part of the \"Face the Funny\" campaign. Following the closure of BBC Television Centre in 2013, Comic Relief had to look for new locations to hold the annual telethons. They were previously filmed live from Studio One. Sport Relief 2014 was the first telethon not filmed at Television Centre but at the Copper Box in London's Olympic Park. As a result, Red Nose Day 2015 was broadcast live, for the first time in its history, from the London Palladium in central London. Results The 2015 Red Nose Day telethon and surrounding efforts raised a total of £99.4 million pounds. After the 2022 event, the overall total stands at £1,047,000,000 raised over 30 years. Before main event Documentaries Operation Health A team of celebrities supporting local residents will transform a run-down clinic in eastern Uganda into a fully functioning healthcare facility. The entire story of Comic Relief's brand-new, ambitious and life-changing project Operation Health is finally coming to TV screens across the country. Celebrities who took part included: Lenny Henry, Richard Hammond, Doon Mackichan, Anita Rani, John Bishop, Steve Backshall, and Dermot O'Leary. Television and Radio The Great Comic Relief Bake Off The Bake Off returned for a four-part series on Wednesday 11 February at 8pm on BBC One. Mary Berry and Paul Hollywood returned as judges whilst Mel Giedroyc, Sue Perkins, Jo Brand and Ed Byrne each hosted one of the four episodes. The episode line up was as follows: Star Baker Jo Brand hosted a special edition of The Great British Bake Off: An Extra Slice on Friday 13 March at 10pm on BBC Two in which the four star bakers competed for the title of Ultimate Star Baker. Mary Berry crowned Victoria Wood as the winner. Let's Play Darts for Comic Relief Starting on Sunday 1 March 2015, Gabby Logan hosted a week-long darts competition that aired on BBC Two, in which a group of celebrities teamed up with professional darts players and went head-to-head in a winner-take-all tournament. There were four quarter finals. After five rounds of darts the winner was announced. Then the semi-finals were held, followed by the two winning duos facing off in the final round. The celebrity and professional partnerships were as follows: The People's Strictly Starting on Wednesday 25 February 2015, Tess Daly and Claudia Winkleman hosted the first ever Strictly Come Dancing open to members of the public. Airing on Wednesday nights at 9pm, the first two episodes showed the six nominated members of the public finding out they had won a place on the show, followed by their training in ballroom dancing. On Wednesday 11 March at 9pm, all six couples performed live, with the winner then being crowned on Red Nose Day Night, Friday 13 March", "title": "Red Nose Day 2015" }, { "docid": "69103897", "text": "The Great British Baking Show (season 2) may refer to: The Great British Bake Off series 2 The Great British Bake Off series 4, which was broadcast as the second second of the series on PBS in the United States See also The Great British Baking Show season 1 The Great British Baking Show season 3 The Great British Baking Show season 4 The Great British Baking Show season 5", "title": "The Great British Baking Show season 2" }, { "docid": "47394310", "text": "BBQ Champ is a British reality television series that first aired on 31 July 2015 and ended on 28 August 2015 on ITV. The show was presented by Myleene Klass and starred judges Mark Blatchford and Adam Richman. Premise The aim of the programme was to find the best amateur barbecuer, with the help of the judges. The winner received a prize of £25,000. At the end of each episode, two contestants who had least impressed the judges enough had to face each other in a grill–off. The judges' favourite contestant in the grill–off advanced to the next episode, whilst the other was eliminated from the competition. Contestants Ratings Official episode viewing figures are from BARB. Reception Sam Wollaston writing for The Guardian described it as \"Basically the Great British BBQ-Off, with Klass playing the Mel & Sue role (fewer puns, posher frocks), Richman and Blathford as Paul Hollywood and Mary Berry, and the setting outdoors. In the meantime, Great British Bake Off starts next week. I don’t think it has much to worry about from this.\" Ben Travis for the Evening Standard made similar comments: \"The show might as well be called The Great British BBQ-Off for all that it poaches from the BBC’s winning culinary formula. There’s a reason that formula works though, and while BBQ Champ isn’t as unexpectedly gripping as the Beeb’s quaint baking contest, the first episode proves enjoyable viewing.\" In September 2015 ITV stated they had no future plans for a second series, after the programmes failed to come close to matching the viewing figures of the rival BBC programme, among the negative reviews received from the critics. References External links 2010s British reality television series 2015 British television series debuts 2015 British television series endings British cooking television shows British English-language television shows ITV reality television shows", "title": "BBQ Champ" }, { "docid": "63314966", "text": "Kim-Joy (born Kim-Joy Hewlett, ) is a British baker and cookbook writer. She became one of two runners-up in the ninth series (2018) of The Great British Bake Off and won Bake Off New Year 2022 special. She has written three cookbooks and is known for creating decorative baked goods often featuring whimsical themes and cute renderings of animals. Early life and education Kim-Joy Hewlett was born c. 1991 in Belgium to an English father and a Malaysian Chinese mother; she has extended family still in Malaysia. Her mother was studying in London when she was deported for overworking her student visa and ended up in Belgium, where she found work as an au pair for an Englishman and his wife; that marriage ended and Kim-Joy's mother married her father. Kim-Joy has two brothers. The family moved to London when she was a child; she has described a \"chaotic\" childhood during which her family \"just stopped\" celebrating Christmas. She was interested in art. She has described her extreme social anxiety as a teen, including selective mutism. None of her family has baked much, and her interest in baking grew when she began attending a university. She bakes in an effort to socialise more. Kim-Joy received a bachelor's degree in sociology from the University of Bristol and a master's degree in psychology from Leeds Beckett University. Career Kim-Joy worked in a care home and then as a psychological wellbeing practitioner for the National Health Service. She had as many as 150 patients at a time. Friends had encouraged Kim-Joy to apply to be a contestant on The Great British Bake Off, but until 2018 she \"didn't feel confident enough\". She joined the cast of the ninth series of The Great British Bake Off, which aired in 2018. According to The Guardian, she \"became known on the show for her intense commitment to cuteness\"; it called the decision to cast her in the show \"genius\". The Independent said she was \"undoubtedly one of the highlights of this year’s series, delighting viewers with her creative designs and cheerful demeanour.\" The Takeout said her \"uncanny ability to make things that are so cute that by all rights I should be over-dosing on the sweetness, yet somehow never actually crossing that line\" was her \"superpower\". The Sunday Post said in 2020 that in the franchise's then ten-year history, \"no contestant has embodied the wholesome warmth of Bake Off more\" than Kim-Joy. On the show she was known for her colorful decorative bakes, often with whimsical animal themes. Kim-Joy told only her partner and \"a couple of friends\" that she was competing, excusing her social absence to others with what she called \"the most bizarre excuses\". She advanced to the finale and became one of two runners-up, losing to Rahul Mandal. Kim-Joy appeared in The Great New Year Bake Off January 2022 special, competing against fellow series-nine participant Jon Jenkins and two series-eleven contestants, Hermine and Rowan Williams. Kim-Joy won that competition. Kim-Joy is known for", "title": "Kim-Joy" }, { "docid": "38832903", "text": "The American Baking Competition is a reality competition television series that aired on CBS from May 29 to July 10, 2013. It was an adaptation of The Great British Bake Off (which aired in the United States under the title The Great British Baking Show). The series aimed to find the best amateur baker in the United States. The series was hosted by Jeff Foxworthy and judged by Marcela Valladolid and Paul Hollywood. The competition was won by Brian Emmett. Format The show aimed to find among its contestants the best amateur baker in the US. Ten contestants were chosen for the first season. In each episode, the amateur bakers were given three challenges: a signature, a technical challenge, and a show-stopper. The three challenges took place over two days, and the dishes made by the contestants were assessed by the judges after each challenge. At the end of the three challenges, the judges chose a Star Baker for the week, and a contestant was also eliminated. In the finale three bakers were left and a winner was chosen from the three. Signature – a dish using their own tried and tested recipe that the amateur bakers make for their family and friends. Technical - a dessert using the same ingredients and recipe provided by the judges. The recipe given however has missing instructions and is designed to test the knowledge and skill of the bakers. The bakers are not told beforehand what the challenge might be, and the judges do not observe the bakers at work and judge the resulting dish without knowing who made them. This round is the only one where how each contestant performed is directly revealed. The contestants are given a ranking, but that ranking is not their total score for the episode. Show-stopper - a recipe designed to impress the judges. The competition was held in one location in a specially constructed marquee. Interspersed in the show were short videos on the background of the contestants, as well as information on the history of baking and visiting various locations. The entire season series was shot over a one-month period. The winner of the competition received a $250,000 grand prize and a publishing contract with Simon & Schuster. Production On October 17, 2012, CBS ordered the series under the original title Bake-Off. Since Pillsbury Company held the trademark to the name (using it for its Pillsbury Bake-Off), the show was later renamed The American Baking Competition. CBS placed casting calls for participants on November 14, 2012. Auditions were held between December 1 and December 15, 2012. The competition took place at the Gibbs Gardens in Ball Ground, Georgia in March 2013. Broadcast The first season of The American Baking Competition premiered on May 29, 2013. It aired four episodes in the Wednesdays at 8 p.m. Eastern/9 p.m. Central timeslot. On June 26, 2013, it moved to 9 p.m. Eastern/8 p.m. Central, to make way for Big Brother, and aired its three remaining episodes in that", "title": "The American Baking Competition" }, { "docid": "62746853", "text": "Best Home Cook (previously Britain's Best Home Cook) is a competitive cooking show produced by KEO Films and distributed internationally by Endemol Shine Group. It premiered on BBC One in May 2018, presented by Claudia Winkleman, with judges Mary Berry, Chris Bavin, and Dan Doherty. A second series, with \"Britain's\" dropped from the title and Angela Hartnett replacing Doherty, returned in January 2020. The series was created in the wake of Berry's previous show, The Great British Bake Off, departing the BBC for Channel 4, and has received mixed reviews from critics. The programme was axed in 2022. Series 1 (2018) Cooks Elimination table (WINNER) This cook won the competition. (RUNNER-UP) This cook finished in second place. (ULT) The cook was one of the judges' favourites in the ultimate challenge. The cook got through to the next round. (E) The cook was in the elimination round, but not eliminated. (OUT) The cook was eliminated. Series 2 (2020) Cooks Elimination table Because the judges were unable to decide on the worst dish during the elimination challenge, no-one was eliminated this week. As a result, two cooks were eliminated the following week. Oli was not well enough to compete in the Rustle-up challenge and was automatically placed into the elimination challenge. (WINNER) This cook won the competition. (RUNNER-UP) This cook finished in second place. (3RD PLACE) This cook finished in third place. (ULT) The cook was one of the judges' favourites in the ultimate challenge. The cook got through to the next round. (E) The cook was in the elimination round, but not eliminated. (OUT) The cook was eliminated. Celebrity series (2021) Celebrities Elimination table Because the judges were unable to decide on the worst dish during the elimination challenge, no-one was eliminated this week. (WINNER) This cook won the competition. (RUNNER-UP) This cook finished in second place. (3RD PLACE) This cook finished in third place. (ULT) The cook was one of the judges' favourites in the ultimate challenge. The cook got through to the next round. (E) The cook was in the elimination round, but not eliminated. (OUT) The cook was eliminated. References External links Celebrity Best Home Cook 2018 British television series debuts 2021 British television series endings BBC television game shows British cooking television shows 2010s British game shows 2020s British game shows British English-language television shows 2010s British cooking television series 2020s British cooking television series", "title": "Best Home Cook" }, { "docid": "55644396", "text": "The third season of The Great American Baking Show aired on December 7, 2017 with a two-hour premiere on ABC. The first two episodes aired back-to-back as part of ABC's 25 Days of Christmas lineup before being pulled by ABC on December 13, 2017 following sexual misconduct allegations against judge Johnny Iuzzini. This is the first season for new hosts Ayesha Curry and Anthony \"Spice\" Adams along with The Great British Bake Off judge, Paul Hollywood, who joined judge Johnny Iuzzini. Season two baker, Antoinette Love, who withdrew from the competition following her father's death, returned to the competition. The show was filmed in Iver Heath, UK over a three-week time period. The shooting sequence was two days of filming followed by one day break during those three weeks. On December 21, 2017, the day in which the finale was originally to air, ABC announced that Vallery Lomas won the competition, beating out runners-up Cindy Maliniak and Molly Brodak in the final week. Lomas' winning dish was a three pastry/dessert tower. Bakers Results summary Color key: The Star Baker and elimination results for episodes 3, 4 and 5 were released on the show's official Facebook page and ABC's YouTube. ABC announced the winner and runners-up in a season recap posted the day the finale was to be broadcast. Episodes Episode 1: Cake For the first signature bake, the bakers were given two hours to bake a \"naked\" cake, a cake that is not entirely covered in icing. The technical bake, assigned by Paul Hollywood, required the bakers to create nine identical lamingtons covered with a white chocolate coating and coconut flakes. In the showstopper, bakers had two hours and thirty minutes to bake a decorative holiday Swiss roll with an evenly distributed spiral filling. Color key: Episode 2: Morning Treats In the show's first morning treats week, the bakers had two hours and thirty minutes to either bake or fry one dozen yeasted donuts complete with a filling of their choice. For the technical, bakers created eight identical savory breakfast hand pies with distinct flaky layers and an even filling. The showstopper of the week required bakers to make a centerpiece sweet loaf with a distinct spiral on the inside. Unaired episodes Highlights from the unaired desserts week and cookies week were released on the show's official Facebook page and ABC's YouTube channel on December 29, 2017. French week and finals week followed on January 2, 2018. Dessert Cookies French (Semi-Finals) Final Ratings References External links 3 2017 American television seasons", "title": "The Great American Baking Show season 3" }, { "docid": "37589662", "text": "Britain's Best Bakery is a British daytime cookery show part of the ITV Food category on ITV and narrated by Wendi Peters with judges Mich Turner and Peter Sidwell. The show aired from 26 November 2012 to 14 February 2014. Gameplay The TV program is a talent show where the target is try the best independent, family-run or community bakery. Bakeries from all over the UK compete in a series of baking challenges that put their skills to the test and make viewers’ mouths water. It's a tough competition: traditional bakers with top-secret family recipes compete against former patisserie chefs and bread-makers are challenged to create stunning celebration cakes. Two big names from the world of baking judge the competition, not just tasting and analysing the bakes but visiting the bakeries. The competition builds from regional heats to a dramatic finale where the winner of Britains Best Bakery is crowned. Britains Best Bakery shines a light on baking in the UK in all its delicious shapes and sizes. But more than just a competition, it is a celebration of the nations bakeries and their bakers, revealing fascinating stories about Britain and its regions, communities and cultures. In every episode, bakeries competed in regional heats, with rounds including the \"Speciality Bake\" and \"Baker's Dozen\", with the daily winners advancing to cook a \"Judge's Choice Cake\" in the regional finals on Friday. National finals in the last week featured challenges such as \"Chelsea buns for the Chelsea Pensioners\", and a great wedding cake from someone British. Transmissions Series 1 The first series was won by Hambleton Bakery. Series 2 The second series was won by brother and sister, David and Lindsay Wright, from The Cake Shop Bakery from Woodbridge in Suffolk. International versions The format has been adapted in France, Portugal, Germany, Finland and Italy. References External links The Cookery School at Braxted Park featured in Britain's Best Bakery 2012 British television series debuts 2014 British television series endings British English-language television shows ITV game shows Television series by Banijay", "title": "Britain's Best Bakery" }, { "docid": "37343324", "text": "John Whaite (born 23 May 1989) is an English baker who won the third series of The Great British Bake Off in 2012. He works as a chef, television presenter, and author. Early life John Whaite was born in Chorley, Lancashire, and grew up on a farm in Wrightington. He has two sisters, Jane and Victoria. He became interested in baking at the age of seven, after his parents divorced. He won a place at Oxford to read Modern and Medieval Languages, but switched to study Law at the University of Manchester to be nearer to home. In 2012 he gained a first-class degree after sitting for his law exams while filming Bake Off. He also completed a summer scheme with top law firm Eversheds Sutherland and worked briefly as a banker in the Royal Bank of Scotland's asset finance department. He rejected a career in law or banking after winning the series, and took classes at Le Cordon Bleu in London to pursue a career in cooking. Career Television In 2012, Whaite took part in the third series of The Great British Bake Off on BBC Two. During the sixth episode of the series Whaite sustained a major injury to his finger and could not complete the last bake. After making it through to the final, he won the show with his Italian sausage and roasted vegetable pithivier, fondant fancies, and heaven and hell chiffon cake. Despite winning the series, he won \"Star Baker\" only once. Whaite has appeared as a resident chef on the ITV breakfast programme Lorraine, hosted by Lorraine Kelly. He has also appeared on This Morning, What's Cooking?, The Alan Titchmarsh Show and Sunday Brunch as a guest chef. In April 2016, Whaite began co-presenting Chopping Block, ITV's new daytime cookery competitive show with Rosemary Shrager where four couples compete in a series of daily challenges to win a prize. A second series began airing in March 2017. Whaite makes regular appearances, as one of its chefs, with presenter Steph McGovern on her Channel 4 daytime show Steph's Packed Lunch. In August 2021, Whaite was announced as a contestant on the nineteenth series of Strictly Come Dancing. He was paired with professional Johannes Radebe, and they became the first ever male same-sex pairing on the show. They reached the final as one of the last two couples, but were beaten by Rose Ayling-Ellis and her partner Giovanni Pernice. Cookery After appearing on Bake Off, Whaite studied for a Diplôme de Pâtisserie at Le Cordon Bleu, London. In 2015, John Whaite's kitchen cookery school, named John Whaite's Kitchen, opened in a converted 400-year-old cattle shed on his family's farm on Tunley Lane in Wrightington, Lancashire. As of December 2021, this project remains closed. Writing Whaite has released four cookery books. His first, John Whaite Bakes, was released on 25 April 2013, and the second, John Whaite Bakes at Home, was released on 27 March 2014. The third book, Perfect Plates in 5 Ingredients, was published in", "title": "John Whaite" }, { "docid": "61554856", "text": "The tenth series of The Great British Bake Off began on 27 August 2019. It was presented by returning hosts Noel Fielding and Sandi Toksvig, and judged by returning judges Paul Hollywood and Prue Leith. The series was won by David Atherton, who became the first winner never to have won the Star Baker title since it was introduced. Alice Fevronia and Steph Blackwell finished as runners-up. This series started with 13 bakers instead of the usual 12, which meant one episode featured a double elimination, as was previously done in the fourth series. Bakers Results summary Colour key: Episodes Episode 1: Cake For the signature challenge, the bakers had to bake a fruit cake in the shape of their choice, with a significant amount of dried fruit, and lavish decoration in hours. For the technical challenge set by Prue, the bakers had to bake 6 identical angel cake slices, with layers made of genoise sponge sandwiched with Italian meringue buttercream, topped with icing and feathered in hours. For the showstopper challenge, the bakers baked the birthday cake they always dreamed of as a child in 4 hours. Episode 2: Biscuits For the signature challenge this week, the bakers were tasked to make 12 decorated chocolate biscuit bars in hours. For the technical challenge, Paul tasked a \"controversial\" bake that was his dad's favourite – 12 fig rolls which were identical in shape and size – in 90 minutes. For the showstopper, the bakers were asked to create a 3D biscuit sculpture in 4 hours. Episode 3: Bread For this week's signature challenge, the bakers were asked to make a filled tear & share loaf from a yeasted dough in 3 hours. Paul's technical challenge required the bakers to make 8 burger baps along with 4 veggie burgers to go inside half of them in 21⁄ hours. The showstopper challenge required the bakers to make a display of artistically scored decorative loaves (minimum of two loaves) in 5 hours. Episode 4: Dairy For the signature challenge this week, Paul and Prue tasked the bakers with a Dairy Cake, but the cake mixture needed to contain a cultured dairy product, to be done in 2 hours and 15 minutes. For the technical challenge, Prue asked the bakers to make a difficult bake that dated back to the Tudor times, 12 Maids of Honours, in 2 hours. For the showstopper challenge, the judges gave the bakers the task of making a display of milk-based Indian sweets known as Mishti, in 31⁄2 hours. Episode 5: The Roaring Twenties For the signature challenge, the bakers had 21⁄2 hours to produce 4 custard pies which should be elaborately decorated with the theme of the 1920s. For the technical challenge set by Prue, the bakers faced the difficult task of deep-frying Choux pastry to produce 18 Beignet soufflés filled with raspberry jam and served with a zabaglione, in 11⁄2 hours. For the showstopper challenge, the bakers were asked to create a cocktail theme cake, with at", "title": "The Great British Bake Off series 10" }, { "docid": "69103901", "text": "The Great British Baking Show season 3 may refer to: The Great British Bake Off series 3, broadcast as the fifth season on PBS in the United States The Great British Bake Off series 6, broadcast as the third season on PBS in the United States See also The Great British Baking Show season 1 The Great British Baking Show season 2 The Great British Baking Show season 4 The Great British Baking Show season 5", "title": "The Great British Baking Show season 3" }, { "docid": "49683168", "text": "Kiran Jethwa born August 22, 1976, in Nairobi, is a Kenyan-born celebrity chef, restaurateur, and entrepreneur. He is the host and presenter of the TV show, Tales From The Bush Larder which focuses on the culinary culture of Africa. Since 2016, Jethwa has co-presented Food Unwrapped on Channel 4. Early life Jethwa's father, Batuk, is of Hindu Indian (Gujarati) ethnic origin, while his mother, Clare, has British ancestry. Having lived most of his life in Kenya, he completed his education in Manchester, United Kingdom in the arena of hospitality management. Following the completion of his education, he travelled globally in Europe, the USA, Africa, Southeast Asia, South & Central America, and Australia for further experience. Career Jethwa's cooking influences include African, European, and Indian, and has been described as Afro-Mediterranean fusion with an Indian influence. Jethwa is the producer, presenter, and host of the award-winning cooking series, Tales from the Bush Larder, and also started a new show Fearless Chef. Since 2011, Jethwa has also been the chef and owner of Seven Restaurants, a premier Nairobi restaurant company. Since 2016, he has co-presented Food Unwrapped on Channel 4 alongside Jimmy Doherty, Kate Quilton, and Matt Tebbutt. Jethwa is one of the judges on The Great Kenyan Bake Off, the Kenyan version of The Great British Bake Off on KTN Home. The first season was broadcast weekly from 7 October 2019 onwards; it was then renewed for a second season that will be airing from 12 October 2020 onwards. Since 2022, Jethwa has been the host of Chefs vs. Wild on Hulu. Awards Tales from the Bush Larder, series 2 received the \"Best T.V Show\" award at the 2014 Kenyan Kalasha Awards. Other awards: 2012: Finalist for Taste Chef of The Year 2013: Finalist Taste Chef of the Year 2013: Winner Taste Industry Champion 2013: Chefs Delight: Most Innovative Chef References 1976 births Kenyan chefs Living people Restaurateurs", "title": "Kiran Jethwa" }, { "docid": "64057635", "text": "The Big Flower Fight is a British television competition program first broadcast on Netflix on 18 May 2020. It is a contest in the style of The Great British Bake Off and The Great British Sewing Bee but with the craft of floral design instead of baking or sewing. The show is presented by Natasia Demetriou and Vic Reeves, with Kristen Griffith-VanderYacht serving as a mentor and main judge, as well as a different guest judge in each episode. The first season was filmed in Maidstone, Kent. At the beginning of April 2021, Netflix had yet to announce any plans for a potential second season. Series 1 (2020) Contestants Results summary Colour key: The contestants won the challenge and were declared Best in Bloom The contestants were one of the best, but were not the winners of the challenge The contestants were neither in the top or in the bottom, thus advancing to the next round The contestants were in the bottom but were not eliminated The contestants were eliminated The contestants reached the finals, but did not win the series The contestants won the series Episode themes and guest judges References External links 2020s British reality television series 2020 British television series debuts Television series by ITV Studios British English-language television shows Netflix original programming Reality competition television series", "title": "The Big Flower Fight" }, { "docid": "69103892", "text": "The Great British Baking Show season 1 may refer to: The Great British Bake Off series 1 The Great British Bake Off series 5, broadcast as the first season of the series on PBS in the United States See also The Great British Baking Show season 2 The Great British Baking Show season 3 The Great British Baking Show season 4 The Great British Baking Show season 5", "title": "The Great British Baking Show season 1" }, { "docid": "69721473", "text": "The Platinum Pudding is a British pudding consisting of a lemon and amaretti trifle. It was created by Jemma Melvin in 2022 for a competition celebrating the Platinum Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II. Competition The Platinum Pudding Competition was founded in 2021 by the London department store Fortnum & Mason. The competition was conceived by the British diplomat and food, culture, and travel writer Ameer Kotecha and the former British diplomat and curator Jason Kelly, who shared their idea with Fortnum & Mason. The competition was launched throughout the United Kingdom on 10 January 2022 by Buckingham Palace, Fortnum & Mason and the Big Jubilee Lunch to find a new pudding dedicated to Queen Elizabeth II as part of that year's Platinum Jubilee celebrations. Nadine Dorries, the United Kingdom Secretary of State for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport, said: \"The Platinum Pudding Competition is a wonderful way to celebrate Her Majesty's 70 year reign and I know it will inspire people of all ages across the UK to get baking\". Upon closure of competition entries, Fortnum & Mason chefs managed the process of filtering competition entries in preparation of the competition's final, which Fortnum & Mason hosted at their principal store on Piccadilly in central London. From the competition outset, the firm committed to sharing the winning recipe. The winning pudding was intended to be an important part of the celebrations marking the Jubilee, with the winner at the centre of the celebrations. \"The winning recipe will be made available to the public and the pudding will be enjoyed at Big Jubilee Lunches during the Jubilee weekend, and by generations to come,\" the Palace said. Eligibility British residents aged 8 and over were eligible for the competition, along with all individuals, families, school classes, community groups, companies and other entities. Judges The judging panel was chaired by an independent panel of expert judges comprising notable home bakers, professional chefs, authors, historians and patissiers. They were: Mary Berry: Food writer and television presenter Roger Pizey: Executive Pastry Chef, Fortnum & Mason Mark Flanagan LVO: Buckingham Palace Head Chef Jane Dunn: Food writer, author and baker Liam Charles: Baker, author and TV presenter Matt Adlard: Pastry Chef Monica Galetti: Chef proprietor of Mere, TV presenter and judge on MasterChef: The Professionals Regula Ysewijn: Culinary historian, author and judge on Bake Off in Belgium Rahul Mandal: Great British Bake Off winner 2018 Timeline The competition opened for entries from 10 January to 4 February, with the first round of judging overseen by the Fortnum & Mason chefs commencing on 7 February. The second round of the competition saw 30–50 entries being shared with each judge who nominated their top three. The third round of the competition saw the judges select their top five to go through to the final. The competition final saw five finalists invited to attend the live final at Fortnum & Mason during the week of 14 March. The winner was announced on 12 May in the BBC One documentary", "title": "Platinum Pudding" }, { "docid": "69103906", "text": "The Great British Baking Show season 4 may refer to: The Great British Bake Off series 4, broadcast as the second season of the series on PBS in the United States The Great British Bake Off series 7, broadcast as the fourth season of the series on PBS in the United States See also The Great British Baking Show season 1 The Great British Baking Show season 2 The Great British Baking Show season 3 The Great British Baking Show season 5", "title": "The Great British Baking Show season 4" }, { "docid": "33598729", "text": "Junior Bake Off is a British television baking competition in which young bakers aged 9 to 12 tackle a series of challenges involving baking cakes, biscuits, bread, and pastries, competing to be crowned Junior Bake Off Champion. The series debuted in 2011 as a spin-off from The Great British Bake Off and is also produced by Love Productions. Four series of Junior Bake Off were broadcast on CBBC from 2011 to 2016. Following its parent series' departure from the BBC in 2017, Junior Bake Off resumed with a fifth series in 2019 on Channel 4, with comedian Harry Hill as presenter and Prue Leith and Liam Charles as judges. The fifth series concluded on 22 November 2019. The show returned for a sixth series on 11 January 2021. Junior Bake Off returned Monday 10 January 2022 for its seventh series and concluded on 28 January 2022. Junior Bake Off returned on 16 January 2023 for its eighth series and will conclude on 3 February 2023. On 5 January it was announced that Junior Bake Off has been renewed for its tenth series to air in 2025. Format Each series of Junior Bake Off typically includes 15 episodes. While The Great British Bake Off features three challenges per episode (signature, technical, and showstopper), Junior Bake Off includes only the technical and showstopper challenges. In the first four series, aired on CBBC from 2011 to 2016, the format featured 40 young bakers aged 9 to 12 years old divided into 10 qualifying rounds or heats. Each episode featured only four bakers, with one winner each episode and the other three eliminated. The winning baker from each heat were brought back for 'Finals Week' (divided into two semi-finals, followed by two finals, and then one grand final) which determined the winner. The format was altered in 2019 when the series moved to Channel 4. The episodes were increased from 30 minutes to one hour, the number of bakers halved to 20 (16 from series 6), and the upper age range of the contestants increased from 12 to 15 (changed back to 12 from series 8). Instead of only four bakers taking part in each qualifying round, the bakers are divided into two groups of 10 each, with five eliminated from one group during the first five episodes, and five eliminated from the second group during the second five episodes. The remaining five bakers from each group are combined in the week-long finals, resulting in quarterfinals, semifinals and finals. The 'Star Baker' award, given to the judges' favourite baker in each episode, was not included in the CBBC version of the show but is a part of the Channel 4 format. Series overview Presenters and judges Series 1 (2011) The first series began on 31 October 2011 on CBBC with judges from the main show Paul Hollywood and Mary Berry. Aaron Craze presented the show. Series 2 (2013) A second series began on 11 November 2013 on CBBC. Chef James Martin replaced Hollywood as", "title": "Junior Bake Off" } ]	[ "Sophie Faldo" ]
train_45910	who were the original big 8 accounting firms	[ { "docid": "2554715", "text": "In the United States, a white-shoe firm is a term used to describe prestigious professional services firms that have been traditionally associated with the upper-class elite who graduated from Ivy League colleges. The term is most often used to describe leading old-line law firms and Wall Street financial institutions, as well as accounting firms that are over a century old, typically in New York City and Boston. Former Wall Street attorney John Oller, author of White Shoe, credits Paul Drennan Cravath with creating the distinct model adopted by virtually all white-shoe law firms, the Cravath System, just after the turn of the 20th century, about 50 years before the phrase white-shoe firm came into use. Etymology The phrase derives from \"white bucks\", laced suede or buckskin (or Nubuck) derby shoes, usually with a red sole, long popular among the student body of Ivy League colleges. A 1953 Esquire article, describing social strata at Yale University, explained that \"White Shoe applies primarily to the socially ambitious and the socially smug types who affect a good deal of worldly sophistication, run, ride and drink in rather small cliques, and look in on the second halves of football games when the weather is good.\" The Oxford English Dictionary cites the phrase \"white-shoe college boys\" in the J.D. Salinger novel Franny and Zooey (1957) as the first use of the term: \"Phooey, I say, on all white-shoe college boys who edit their campus literary magazines. Give me an honest con man any day.\" It also appears in a 1958 Fortune article by Spencer Klaw, which describes some firms as having \"a predilection for young men who are listed in the Social Register. These firms are called 'white-shoe outfits', a term derived from the buckskin shoes that used to be part of the accepted uniform at certain eastern prep schools and colleges.\" Usage The term originated in Ivy League colleges and originally reflected a stereotype of old-line firms that were populated by White Anglo-Saxon Protestants (WASPs). The term historically had antisemitic connotations, as many of the New York firms known as white-shoe were considered inaccessible to Jewish lawyers until the 1960s. The phrase has since lost some of this connotation, but is still defined by Princeton University's WordNet as \"denoting a company or law firm owned and run by members of the WASP elite who are generally conservative\". Most white-shoe firms also excluded Roman Catholics. A 2010 column in The Economist described the term as synonymous with \"big, old, east-coast and fairly traditional.\" In the 21st century, the term is sometimes used in a general sense to refer to firms that are perceived as prestigious or high-quality; it is also sometimes used in a derogatory manner to denote stodginess, elitism, or a lack of diversity. Examples The following U.S. firms are often referred to as being white-shoe firms: Accountancy The current Big Four accounting firms and the former Big Eight auditors from which they merged: Deloitte (merged from Deloitte Haskins & Sells and Touche Ross)", "title": "White-shoe firm" }, { "docid": "38798", "text": "The Big Four are the four largest professional services networks in the world: Deloitte, EY, KPMG, and PwC. They are the four largest global accounting networks as measured by revenue. The four are often grouped because they are comparable in size relative to the rest of the market, both in terms of revenue and workforce; they are considered equal in their ability to provide a wide scope of professional services to their clients; and, among those looking to start a career in professional services, particularly accounting, they are considered equally attractive networks to work in, because of the frequency with which these firms engage with Fortune 500 companies. The Big Four all offer audit, assurance, taxation, management consulting, valuation, market research, actuarial, corporate finance, and legal services to their clients. A significant majority of the audits of public companies, as well as many audits of private companies, are conducted by these four networks. Until the late 20th century, the market for professional services was actually dominated by eight networks which were nicknamed the \"Big Eight\". The Big Eight consisted of Arthur Andersen, Arthur Young, Coopers & Lybrand, Deloitte Haskins and Sells, Ernst & Whinney, Peat Marwick Mitchell, Price Waterhouse, and Touche Ross. The Big Eight gradually reduced due to mergers between these firms, as well as the 2002 collapse of Arthur Andersen, leaving four networks dominating the market at the turn of the 21st century. In the United Kingdom in 2011, it was reported that the Big Four account for the audits of 99% of the companies in the FTSE 100 Index, and 96% of the companies in the FTSE 250 Index, an index of the leading mid-cap listing companies. Such a high level of industry concentration has caused concern, and a desire among some in the investment community for the UK's Competition & Markets Authority (CMA) to consider breaking up the Big Four. In October 2018, the CMA announced it would launch a detailed study of the Big Four's dominance of the audit sector. In July 2020, the UK Financial Reporting Council told the Big Four that they must submit plans by October 2020 to separate their audit and consultancy operations by 2024. Legal structure None of the \"firms\" within the Big Four is actually a single firm; rather, they are professional services networks. Each is a network of firms, owned and managed independently, which have entered into agreements with the other member firms in the network to share a common name, brand, intellectual property, and quality standards. Each network has established a global entity to co-ordinate the activities of the network. Until 2020, KPMG was the only Big Four firm not registered as a UK private company, but rather the co-ordinating entity was a Swiss association (verein). However, KPMG International changed its legal structure from a verein to a co-operative under Swiss law in 2003, then to a UK limited company in 2020. For Deloitte, PwC and Ernst & Young, the co-ordinating entity is a UK limited company.", "title": "Big Four accounting firms" }, { "docid": "148172", "text": "PricewaterhouseCoopers International Limited is a multinational professional services brand of firms, operating as partnerships under the PwC brand. It is the second-largest professional services network in the world and is considered one of the Big Four accounting firms, along with Deloitte, EY, and KPMG. PwC firms are in 157 countries, across 742 locations, with 328,000 people. 26% of the workforce was based in the Americas, 26% in Asia, 32% in Western Europe, and 5% in Middle East and Africa. The company's global revenues were US$50.3 billion in FY 2022, of which $18.0 billion was generated by its Assurance practice, $11.6 billion by its Tax and Legal practice and $20.7 billion by its Advisory practice. The firm in its recent actual form was created in 1998 by a merger between two accounting firms: Coopers & Lybrand, and Price Waterhouse. Both firms had histories dating back to the 19th century. The trading name was shortened to PwC in September 2010 as part of a rebranding effort. The firm has been embroiled in a number of corruption controversies and crime scandals. The firm has on multiple occasions been implicated in tax evasion and tax avoidance practices. The firm has frequently been fined by regulators for performing audits that fail to meet basic auditing standards. Amid Russia's war in Ukraine, PwC has helped Russian oligarchs to hide their wealth and helped to undermine the global sanctions regime on Russia over its invasion of Ukraine. History The firm was created in September 1998 when Coopers & Lybrand merged with Price Waterhouse. Coopers & Lybrand In 1854, William Cooper founded an accountancy practice in London. It became Cooper Brothers seven years later when his three brothers joined. In 1898, Robert H. Montgomery, William M. Lybrand, Adam A. Ross Jr. and his brother T. Edward Ross formed Lybrand, Ross Brothers and Montgomery in the United States. In 1957, Cooper Brothers, along with Lybrand, Ross Bros & Montgomery and a Canadian firm (McDonald, Currie and Co.), agreed to adopt the name Coopers & Lybrand in international practice. In 1973, the three member firms in the UK, US and Canada changed their names to Coopers & Lybrand. Then in 1980, Coopers & Lybrand expanded its expertise in insolvency substantially by acquiring Cork Gully, a leading firm in that field in the UK. In 1990, in certain countries, including the UK, Coopers & Lybrand merged with Deloitte, Haskins & Sells to become Coopers & Lybrand Deloitte; in 1992 they reverted to Coopers & Lybrand. Price Waterhouse In 1849, Samuel Lowell Price, an accountant, founded an accountancy practice in London. In 1865, Price went into partnership with William Hopkins Holyland and Edwin Waterhouse. Holyland left shortly afterwards to work alone in accountancy and the firm was known from 1874 as Price, Waterhouse & Co. The original partnership agreement, signed by Price, Holyland, and Waterhouse could be found in Southwark Towers. By the late 19th century, Price Waterhouse had gained recognition as an accounting firm. They opened an office in New York", "title": "PwC" }, { "docid": "38797", "text": "Arthur Andersen LLP was an American accounting firm based in Chicago that provided auditing, tax advising, consulting and other professional services to large corporations. By 2001, it had become one of the world's largest multinational corporations and was one of the \"Big Five\" accounting firms (along with Deloitte, Ernst & Young, KPMG and PricewaterhouseCoopers). The firm collapsed by mid-2002, as details of its questionable accounting practices for energy company Enron and telecommunications company WorldCom were revealed amid the two high-profile bankruptcies. The scandals were a factor in the enactment of the Sarbanes–Oxley Act of 2002. History Founding Born May 30, 1885, in Plano, Illinois, and orphaned at the age of 16, Arthur E. Andersen began working as a mail boy by day and attended school at night, eventually being hired as the assistant to the comptroller of Allis-Chalmers in Chicago. In 1908, after attending courses at night while working full-time, he graduated from the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University with a bachelor's degree in business. That same year, at age 23, he became the youngest Certified Public Accountant in Illinois. In 1913, Andersen and Clarence DeLany founded an accounting firm as Andersen, DeLany & Co. The firm changed its name to Arthur Andersen & Co. in 1918. Arthur Andersen's first client was the Joseph Schlitz Brewing Company of Milwaukee. In 1915, due to his many contacts there, the Milwaukee office was opened as the firm's second office. Andersen believed education was the basis upon which the new profession of accounting should be developed. He created the profession's first centralized training program and believed in training during normal working hours. In 1927, he was elected to the board of trustees of Northwestern University and served as its president from 1930 to 1932. He was also chairman of the board of CPA examiners of Illinois. Reputation Andersen, who headed the firm until his death in 1947, was a zealous supporter of high standards in the accounting industry. A stickler for honesty, he argued that accountants' responsibility was to investors, not their clients' management. This gave rise to the uniform look of all the so-called \"Arthur Androids\", as employees referred to themselves, the intent being to provide the same service the same way to all customers in all locations. For many years, Andersen's motto was \"Think straight, talk straight\"—an axiom passed on from his mother. During the early years, it is reputed that Andersen was approached by an executive from a local rail utility to sign off on accounts containing flawed accounting, or else face the loss of a major client. Andersen refused in no uncertain terms, replying that there was \"not enough money in the city of Chicago\" to make him do it. The railroad fired Andersen, only to go bankrupt a few months later. Arthur Andersen also led the way in a number of areas of accounting standards. Being among the first to identify a possible sub-prime bust, Arthur Andersen dissociated itself from a number of clients in the", "title": "Arthur Andersen" }, { "docid": "26526502", "text": "John Patrick Connolly (born 29 August 1950) is an English businessman. He is the chairman of Eisner Advisory Group LLC, Interpath Advisory, Stonehage Fleming and Metric Capital Partners. He was chairman of two FTSE-100 companies, G4S and Amec Foster Wheeler. Prior to that he was senior partner and chief executive of Deloitte in the UK, and global managing partner and global chairman of Deloitte until his retirement from the firm in June 2011. Early life John Connolly was born on 29 August 1950. His father was John Connolly and his mother, Mary Morrison. He was educated at St Bede's College, Manchester. Career Connolly ran an office for Deloitte in the Middle East, was partner-in-charge of its Leeds office and a regional managing partner. He was also head of the London office and UK managing partner. He was also global managing partner and global chairman of Deloitte until mid 2011. Connolly transformed Deloitte in UK – once the smallest of the Big Four accountants – after masterminding a merger with Arthur Andersen in 2002. Rivals predicted that Andersen, which collapsed because of its association with Enron, would be a bad fit with Deloitte. However, under Connolly’s stewardship, the two gradually merged and avoided mass defections. He has also insisted that the firm retains its consulting arm, the only big accountancy practice to do so, and plays a significant role in advising some of the firm’s biggest clients. In 2008, Connolly was named at number 58 in the Times Power 100, the annually compiled list of men and women who hold sway over British business, ranking 34 places above Sir Richard Branson. Connolly was also named as the Personality of the Year in the Accountancy Age Awards 2008, described as “the accountancy world’s equivalent of Sir Alex Ferguson”. Connolly steered Deloitte to a credit-crunch-busting 16 per cent jump in 2008 pre-tax profits to £654 million. Global revenues for the accounting and professional services giant were up by 12 per cent to £2.01 billion in the year to 31 May 2008, comfortably beating its £2 billion target for this financial year. Connolly cemented his status as Britain’s highest paid accountant in 2008, when his £5.7million pay packet was disclosed in the company’s annual results. In 2009, Connolly's pay was reported to have decreased slightly to £5.22million. Connolly was previously the chairman for Hampshire-based debt recovery agency, Capquest. Capquest was one of the market leaders of the debt recovery industry until board changes took place in 2012. Connolly became embroiled with the Barlow Clowes affair. He was heavily criticised by the accountancy profession in 1995 for his role when the report into the scandal was published. Connolly served as the chairman of G4S from January 2012 until May 2021. He also served as the chairman of Amec Foster Wheeler. In October 2016, Connolly founded Cogital (now Azets), a British multinational accounting and business services company, with the financial backing of the private equity firm Hg Capital. Accountancy Age has reported that Cogital and its", "title": "John P. Connolly (businessman)" }, { "docid": "59906", "text": "Ernst & Young Global Limited, trade name EY, is a multinational professional services partnership. EY is one of the largest professional services networks in the world. Along with Deloitte, KPMG and PwC, it is considered one of the Big Four accounting firms. It primarily provides assurance, tax, information technology services (including managed services in areas like Cybersecurity, Cloud, Digital Transformation and AI), consulting, and advisory services to its clients. EY operates as a network of member firms which are structured as separate legal entities in a partnership, which has 395,442 employees in over 700 offices in more than 150 countries around the world. The firm's current partnership was formed in 1989 by a merger of two accounting firms; Ernst & Whinney and Arthur Young & Co. It was named Ernst & Young until a rebranding campaign officially changed its name to EY in 2013, although this initialism was already used informally prior to its sanctioning adoption. In 2019, EY was the seventh-largest privately owned organization in the world. EY has continuously been ranked on Fortune magazine's list of the 100 Best Companies to Work For for the past 25 years, longer than any other accounting firm. History Early history and mergers EY resulted from several mergers of ancestor firms over the last century and a half, the oldest of which was founded in 1849, in England, as Harding & Pullein. That same year, this firm was joined by an accountant named Frederick Whinney, who, a decade later, became a partner. After his son joined the firm, it was later renamed Whinney, Smith & Whinney, in 1894. In 1903, the firm Ernst & Ernst was founded in Cleveland, Ohio, by Alwin C. Ernst, and his brother, Theodore Ernst. In 1906, Arthur Young & Co. was set up by a Scottish accountant, Arthur Young, in Chicago. Starting in 1924, these two American firms became allied with prominent British firms; Young with Broads Paterson & Co.; and Ernst with the aforementioned Whinney Smith & Whinney. The latter of these two mergers spawned Anglo-American partnership Ernst & Whinney in 1979, then the fourth largest accountancy firm in the world. A decade later, in 1989, Ernst & Whinney merged with the fifth largest firm globally at the time, Arthur Young & Co., to create Ernst & Young. Later developments In October 1997, Ernst & Young announced plans to merge its global practices with professional services network KPMG, to create the largest professional services organization in the world. The announcement came on the heels of an announced merger between Price Waterhouse and Coopers & Lybrand only a month earlier. These plans were soon abandoned in February 1998, due to several factors ranging from client opposition, antitrust issues, cost problems, and the anticipated difficulty of merging the two diverse firms and cultures. The merger between Price Waterhouse and Coopers & Lybrand, however, went ahead as planned, creating PwC. Ernst & Young expanded its consulting practice heavily during the 1980s and 1990s. During this time, the U.S. Securities", "title": "Ernst & Young" }, { "docid": "1533035", "text": "Grant Thornton LLP is the American member firm of Grant Thornton International, the seventh largest accounting network in the world by combined fee income. Grant Thornton LLP is the seventh largest U.S. accounting and advisory organization. The firm operates 59 offices across the US with approximately 8,500 employees, 550 partners, and produces annual revenue in excess of US$1.9 billion. History Early history In 1924, Alexander Richardson Grant, a 26 year old senior accountant with Ernst & Ernst (later Ernst & Young) decided to leave the firm and start his own business with William O’Brien. Alexander Grant & Co. was built in Chicago and it provided services as a middle market firm. The firm was growing rapidly and nationally under the guidance of several new leaders during the next three decades. In 1961, the company established its national office in Chicago and earned net revenue of more than $5 million. During this time, a competitive firm that was also committed to providing services to middle market established in Europe, and this firm later became known as Binder Dijker Otte & Co. (BDO). During the mid-1960s, the firm decided to expand its business internationally. In 1969, Alexander Grant & Co. merged with companies from Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom to form an organization called Alexander Grant Tansley Witt. By 1980, Alexander Grant & Co. had joined with 49 international accounting firms, including a UK firm named Thornton Baker, and formed a professional global network, Grant Thornton International. In 1985, Alexander Grant & Co. merged with Fox & Co. and became the ninth largest accounting firm in the United States, just behind the nation's \"Big Eight\" firms. At that time, the company had 80 offices and more than 3,000 employees. In 1986, Alexander Grant & Co. changed its name to Grant Thornton, resulted from its affiliation with the United Kingdom firm Thornton Baker, which also changed its name to Grant Thornton. Recent history In 2002, Grant Thornton acquired 7 offices, 43 partners and 396 employees from ex-Arthur Andersen. In June 2014, Grant Thornton announced J. Michael McGuire as the firm's chief executive officer. In August 2019, Brad Preber assumed CEO duties of the firm. As of 2019, Grant Thornton was the sixth largest accounting firm in the United States and had 59 offices with more than 550 partners and 7,000 employees. Its revenue for fiscal year 2018 was $1.7 billion. In March 2020, Grant Thornton LLP teamed up with GroupSense to offer digital crime mitigation technology. In March 2024, the company announced a deal where private equity firm New Mountain Capital would acquire a majority stake. At the time of the announcement, it was the seventh biggest accounting firm in the US, after the Big Four (Deloitte, EY, PwC, and KPMG), RSM, and BDO. The move came amid ongoing private equity interest in the accounting space, with Baker Tilly receiving investment of $1 billion from a different private equity group, Hellman & Friedman, the prior month. Operations Headquartered in Chicago, Grant Thornton", "title": "Grant Thornton LLP" }, { "docid": "1974328", "text": "Nancy Anne Temple is an attorney specializing in accounting liability. She was the in-house attorney for Arthur Andersen, who advised Michael Odom and David B. Duncan about Arthur Andersen policies regarding retention of documents from client engagements. Duncan oversaw the shredding of Arthur Andersen documents concerning their work for client Enron, between October 22 and November 9, 2001 (See the Timeline of the Enron scandal). A memo from Nancy Temple played a key role in the conviction of Arthur Andersen on charges of obstruction of justice. That conviction was later overturned. Pre-Andersen Nancy Temple graduated from the University of Illinois College of Business in 1986 with a Bachelor of Science in Accountancy. After graduation, Ms. Temple attended Harvard Law School where she graduated with a Juris Doctor in 1989. She began her career at Sidley Austin Brown & Wood, now known as Sidley Austin. She worked at the law firm for 11 years and was inducted as a partner. Ms. Temple specialized in accounting liability. Arthur Andersen conviction overturned On May 31, 2005, the United States Supreme Court overturned the conviction of Arthur Andersen in a unanimous decision. Chief Justice William H. Rehnquist, writing for the court, said the former Big Five accounting firm's obstruction-of-justice conviction was improper because the instructions at trial were too vague for jurors to determine correctly whether Andersen obstructed justice. \"'[T]he jury instructions at issue simply failed to convey the requisite consciousness of wrongdoing,\" he wrote. \"[I]t is striking how little culpability the instructions required.\" In post-conviction interviews, several of the Arthur Andersen jurors indicated that the \"guilty\" verdict was proximately based upon an internal October 16, 2001 email from in-house Arthur Andersen attorney Nancy Temple. The text of the email from Nancy Temple is as follows: The Supreme Court's unanimous reversal of the conviction reinforces the opinion that the jury should not have inferred any liability on Arthur Andersen based solely upon the October 16 memo. Rather, Ms. Temple's bar license required that she not do anything that would waive the \"attorney-client\" privilege of Enron or Arthur Andersen. By having her name and a legal reference removed, in effect she was making the subject memo suitable for public disclosure – it was no longer a \"privileged\" document. In addition, public accounting firms had a duty to notify the SEC within a defined time window if the accountants disagreed with a public accounting filing by a client. Ms. Temple's memo notes that the subject matter at issue was determined not to be of a nature that would require that Arthur Andersen to notify the SEC - i.e., a \"Section 10A\" filing, and her memo indicates that she will consult with the lawyers – again – to verify that conclusion. Post-Andersen Nancy Temple is now married and has three sons. After the Arthur Andersen case, Ms. Temple began working for Freeman, Freeman & Salzman P.C., a currently defunct law firm. On April 1, 2008, Ms. Temple returned to practice law at Katten & Temple LLP, a", "title": "Nancy Temple" } ]	[ { "docid": "8922991", "text": "A custodial account is a financial account (such as a bank account, a trust fund or a brokerage account) set up for the benefit of a beneficiary, and administered by a responsible person, known as a legal guardian or custodian, who has a fiduciary obligation to the beneficiary. Custodial accounts come in a number of forms, one being an account set up for a minor, since the minor is under the legal age of majority. The custodian is often the minor's parent. In the U.S., this type of account is often structured as a Coverdell ESA, allowing for tax-advantaged treatment of educational expenses. Another form is a trust account owned by an individual or institution, managed by a named party for purposes of rapid distribution of funds in that account. This is commonly used for petty cash, or for transactions that have very limited and clearly defined payees and transaction types. For example, law firm accounting includes trust accounts for disbursing funds entrusted to the law firm by each client for the client's benefit. Minors In the United States, the Uniform Transfers to Minors Act provides for the possibility of bank accounts, brokerage accounts, and other property to be held in a custodial capacity under the Act so that the custodian has the right to control the property but that legal title is deemed to be in the minor for many purposes. Securities custodianship In the United States Brokerage account agreements under Article 8 of the Uniform Commercial Code create a legal relation known as \"custodianship\", which is distinguished from the traditional concept of a trust. For example, in the context of the Individual Retirement Account (IRA), a brokerage firm distinguishes its custodial account IRAs from trust IRAs when seeking IRS tax approval for an IRA plan which is part of a brokerage account agreement. The treatment of a brokerage account based IRA as a trust for tax purposes is largely a legal fiction. If Article 8 is set aside and the brokerage account is considered purely under principles of common law, there is a possibility of construing the collection of brokerage accounts in the intermediated custodial holding chain as a collection of directed agency nominee trusts. According to this legal theory, each securities position with respect to a particular class of securities which appears in the brokerage firm's omnibus securities account is a trust fund for the benefit of customers sharing participation in that position. To exactly what extent the operation of such a theory would be restricted by Article 8 and the Securities Investor Protection Act in future litigation is not obvious, and is perhaps irrelevant as a practical matter because of the level of detail in the legislation mentioned. The trustee of a nominee trust, being a directed agent of the beneficiaries, cannot even bind the trust estate to a debt in a capacity that is sufficiently separate from the capacity of the beneficiaries to contract the same debt themselves. For this reason, the nominee trust is", "title": "Custodial account" }, { "docid": "195142", "text": "Chinese accounting standards are the accounting rules used in mainland China. As of February 2010, the Chinese accounting standard systems is composed of Basic Standard, 38 specific standards and application guidance. Chinese accounting standards are unique because they originated in a socialist period in which the state was the sole owner of industry. Therefore, unlike Western accounting standards, they were less a tool of profit and loss, but an inventory of assets available to a company. In contrast to a Western balance sheet, Chinese accounting standards did not include an accounting of the debts that a corporation holds, and were less suitable for management control than for accounting for tax purposes. This system of accounting was widely considered to be unsuitable for managing corporations in a market economy. In 2006, the Chinese government introduced a revised accounting law. This was the fruit of considerable discussion and protracted debate, involving the Ministry of Finance, members of the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and representatives of some Chinese firms. This revised law marked a large step forward for the continuing integration of world trade and capital markets, with China adopting a significant number of the accounting standards laid out by the International Accounting Standards Board. The old Chinese Accounting Standards (CAS) were largely replaced by the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), to bring China more in line with the rest of the world. The similarity between the new Chinese accounting standards and the IFRS is almost 90–95%. This has proven to be a massive undertaking. As a consequence Chinese companies who offer shares for sale in the United States used to be required to prepare three sets of statements, one using Chinese accounting standards (China GAAP), one using international standards (IFRS), and one using North American GAAP standards (US GAAP). However, since 2008 the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) allows foreign private issuers to use financial statements prepared in accordance with IFRS. See also Chinese Institute of Certified Public Accountants References External links China : China Accounting Standards Presentation by Director-General of Accounting Regulatory Department, Ministry of Finance, February 8, 2010 Accounting in China Accounting principles by country Standards of the People's Republic of China", "title": "Chinese accounting standards" }, { "docid": "23798517", "text": "Administered prices are prices of goods set by the internal pricing structures of firms that take into account cost rather than through the market forces of supply and demand and predicted by classical economics. They were first described by institutional economists Gardiner Means and Adolf A. Berle in their 1932 book The Modern Corporation and Private Property. As Means argued in 1972, \"Basically, the administered-price thesis holds that a large body of industrial prices do not behave in the fashion that classical theory would lead one to expect. It was first developed in 1934–35 to apply to the cyclical behavior of industrial prices. It specifically held that in business recessions administered prices showed a tendency not to fall as much as market prices while the recession fall in demand worked itself out primarily through a fall in sales, production, and employment.\" Empirical data Since Means and Berle's pioneering work in the 1930s, numerous empirical surveys have been carried out to understand the role of administered prices in national economies. Surveys conducted in the 1980s found that 70–85% of American industrial prices were markup or cost-added prices. An American survey from the 1990s covering an industrial and non-industrial pricing behavior found that a majority of prices take cost into account. A Canadian survey from 2002 found that 67.1% of major Canadian firms attributed price-stickiness to markup pricing. A 2003–2004 survey done in France found that 36.9% of prices are cost-added (another 4% of prices were \"regulated\"). Writing in 2006, Fabiani et al found that administered prices account for 42% of prices (of both goods and services) in Italy, 46% in Belgium, 52% in Spain, 65% in Portugal, and an average of 54% of all Eurozone prices. They also account for 40% of the prices of goods sold in France and 73% of those sold in Germany. A survey of 725 Norwegian firms from the 2000s found that 69% of those firms use markup pricing. A survey of 5,300 New Zealand firms found that 54% of business prices were cost-added, while another survey of 700 Australian companies found that at least 49% of their prices were marked-up. A study of 630 Japanese firms from 2000 found 54% of them use mark-up pricing. A survey of 580 Icelandic firms found that markup prices were the most common, accounting for 45% of all prices set by those companies. See also Markup Price controls References Sources Berle, Adolf A. and Gardner C. Means. 1932. \"The Modern Corporation and Private Property.\" Macmillan, New York. Means, G. C. 1992 [1933]. \"The Corporate Revolution,\" in Frederic S. Lee and Warren J. Samuels (eds.), The Heterodox Economics of Gardiner C. Means: A Collection. M.E. Sharpe, Armonk, N.Y. Means, G. C. 1935. \"Industrial Prices and their Relative Inflexibility.\" US Senate Document no. 13, 74th Congress, 1st Session, Government Printing Office, Washington DC. Means, G. C. 1936. \"Notes on Inflexible Prices,\" American Economic Review 26 (Supplement): 23–35. Means, G. C. 1939–1940. \"Big Business, Administered Prices, and the Problem of Full Employment,\"", "title": "Administered prices" }, { "docid": "47453040", "text": "Reckon is an Australian software company that provides desktop and cloud-based accounting software for accountants, bookkeepers, small to medium businesses, and personal users. The company has offices in Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Reckon is listed on the Australian Securities Exchange with a market cap of . Reckon has over 600,000 businesses using its software across Australia and New Zealand. History Reckon Limited was founded by Greg Wilkinson in 1987, who was its chief executive officer until 2006. Funded initially with the $2,000 dollar credit limit on a friend's credit card, Greg Wilkinson started republishing and distributing Quicken & QuickBooks software products in Australia under a licensing agreement with Intuit. For over 25 years, Reckon managed the marketing, distribution and development of these products. In 2012, Intuit announced the decision to take back the QuickBooks & Quicken name, release a cloud accounting program called QuickBooks Online and start selling it in Australia. Reckon continues to sell QuickBooks desktop accounting software under its own brand, Reckon Accounts. The Australian version of the Quicken personal finance products were renamed Reckon Accounts Personal in late 2012. In 2013, Reckon launched a cloud accounting program called Reckon One. In August 2017, Reckon completed the demerger of its Document Management division into a new London-based company called GetBusy. In November 2017, MYOB announced it would acquire Reckon's Accountants Group for A$180 million. However, in June 2018, MYOB terminated the deal due to the regulatory processes taking longer than anticipated. Since then Reckon has gone on to add many products to its business ecosystem including Reckon Cloud POS, a cloud-based point-of-sale system, Reckon Loans for business financing and an allied health practice management software called Better Clinics. In May 2019, Reckon launched the Reckon Single Touch Payroll App to address ATO legislation for payroll reporting. The app accumulated over 30,000 downloads in 4 months making it one of Reckon's most popular products to date. Reckon includes APS, an accounting practice management software that's used by 70% of the countries top accounting practices, and three of the Big Four accountancy firms. In May 2022, Reckon agreed to sell its Reckon Accountants Group to UK-based Access Group for A$100 million. The deal included Reckon's APS and Reckon Elite software. The acquisition was completed in August 2022. Products Reckon's business division provides software for small businesses, including accounting software, payroll, STP reporting, business loans and clinic management software. Reckon legal division includes billing software for law firms, predominantly run out of the US. References 1987 establishments in Australia Accounting software Software companies established in 1987 Companies listed on the Australian Securities Exchange Software companies of Australia", "title": "Reckon (company)" }, { "docid": "59610137", "text": "Francine McKenna is an American investigative journalist, educator, blogger, and commentator focused on the accounting industry, specifically the Big Four global accounting firms. She has documented these firms' failures to identify problems in the accounting of international financial corporations. A registered Certified Public Accountant in Illinois, McKenna is a full-time lecturer in financial accounting at the Wharton School and writes and issues the Substack newsletter The Dig, where she scrutinizes accounting, audit and corporate governance issues at public and pre-IPO companies. McKenna's work has been featured in The Wall Street Journal, Financial Times, Time, American Banker, Accountancy Age, Barron’s, Forbes, and Accountancy magazine (UK). Prior to joining the Wharton School, McKenna was the Financial Transparency reporter for Dow Jones/MarketWatch. Prior to her appointment at Wharton, McKenna taught International Business in the MBA program at American University’s Kogod School of Business in Washington DC, taught graduate courses in Accounting Ethics at the Ohio State University Fisher College of Business, and taught a course in reporting on corporate fraud at Baylor University. She has twice been a finalist for the Gerald Loeb Award for Distinguished Financial Journalism. In 2006, McKenna founded her first blog RetheAuditors.com, which the author of a business ethics textbook considers \"should be on every corporate accountant and CPAs watchlist.\" Before turning to journalism and academia, McKenna spent more than 20 years in public accounting, internal audit, and consulting. Education McKenna earned her undergraduate degree in Management, Accounting and Economics at Purdue University and her Master's in Liberal Arts at the University of Chicago. She holds a Certificate in Executive Education from Harvard University in leading professional services firms. Career McKenna began her career as an internal auditor at Continental Illinois National Bank and Trust in Chicago, and as an accounting manager, financial reporting manager and controller in private industry. She then moved into the professional services sector at KPMG Consulting. She directed the project to address the Y2K for JP Morgan in Latin America and was the Managing Director for BearingPoint in Latin America, responsible for the Industrial, Automotive and Transportation practice. She also worked for KPMG as a managing director in Latin America, for Jefferson Wells as a regional vice president and as a director for PWC. McKenna's investigative journalism career began in 2006 with her blog RetheAuditors.com, which monitored and reported on public accounting firms. Her blog was a finalist for the Gerald Loeb Award for Online Commentary and Blogging in 2010, the first year of that category; as a Reuters journalist noted, McKenna was \"the only full-time blogger on the list, and she’s also the only one of the nominees who is truly independent: her nomination, uniquely of the four, was not submitted on her behalf by an established print publication.\" McKenna later wrote a column at Forbes.com under the heading “Accounting Watchdog”, where, in 2011, she documented PWC's failure to identify problems with the bankrupt global commodities brokerage firm MF Global. She was a columnist at American Banker, “Accountable”, from October 2011 to October", "title": "Francine McKenna" }, { "docid": "39847186", "text": "Chermaine Poo (born October 1, 1978) is a Malaysian actress, emcee and TV host. Chermaine is a qualified Chartered Accountant (“CA”) by profession, having three accountancy qualifications under her belt. She graduated with a double major degree, BA (Hons) in Accounting & Finance, UK at the age of 19. Chermaine owns the company Chermaine Poo Productions and was named “Emerging Woman of the Year” in 2012 by the prestigious international accounting firm. Qualifications Chermaine is a Chartered Accountant (“CA”) by profession. She is a member of the Malaysian Institute of Accountants, as well as the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (UK). Career Corporate finance Trained with the largest investment bank in Malaysia; and Big Five international accounting firm Involved in preparing IPOs, restructuring, receivership and setting up a billion-ringgit infrastructure fund Beauty pageantry Chermaine was a second runner-up in the Miss Universe Malaysia 2005, where she also won three subsidiary titles – Miss Beautiful, Miss Natural Beauty and Miss Crowning Glory. Acting Chermaine has acted in numerous Malaysian movies and local dramas. Movies Culik Jin Notti (with Mawi, Fara Fauzana) The Funeral Party London Calling Lust! Caution (Directed by Ang Lee) DUKUN Kurnia Orange for Mama Dramas Bait Cinta](Erra Shazira) Tudung Express (with Lisa Surihani, Julia Ziegler, Linda Hashim) Pertama Ramadan Akan Datang Timeless Season The Beginning Anak Pontianak Malaysian Talents.Com TV hosting Chermaine hosts her own weekly TV programme on The Breakfast Show called “Mind Your Money with Chermaine Poo” as well as “Miracle Makers” on NTV7. Other TV programmes that she has hosted, among others, are: Motorcross Championship 2008-2012 Asian Festival of Speed 2008-2012 Dapur Nyonya on TV3 with Chef Florence The Breakfast Show – 2009–2012 on NTV7 Writing Chermaine contributes regularly to The Star newspaper in her weekly column, “Mind Your Money with Chermaine Poo” Emceeing Since starting in 2007, Chermaine has emceed countless events, ranging from but not limited to: Foreign language Corporate Protocol Annual dinner Fashion and lifestyle Fashion shows Luxury brands Electronic gadgets Pageantry Hair, make-up and fragrances Film festivals Awards ceremonies Motorsports Food and beverage Property Health/fitness and sports Philanthropy Chermaine actively runs her charity, “Chermaine Poo’s Cupcakes for Charity”, which was founded in December 2011. She has also been involved in many charity events and environmental awareness initiatives, among others: World Aids Day MAC Aids Fund Cleaner, Greener Penang Campaign Tabung Pulih Kasih Save the Fins with KLCC Aquaria Earth Hour with Sunway Pyramid 2008-2012 Project Liber8 (Stop Human Trafficking) Public image \"Chermaine Poo - Chartered Accountant, Car Chick, Cupcake Connoisseur\" Over the years, the media and entertainment industry have described her as: A Beauty with Brains A highly qualified Chartered Accountant turned Actress/Emcee/TV Host A young and successful professional; Who has wide corporate, social and media contacts Who comes from a loving and close-knit family Who promotes good moral values, ethics and a healthy lifestyle And now, “Beauty and Brains with a Heart”. External links Official Website Emerging Woman Entrepreneur of the Year Chermaine Poo's Cupcakes for Charity (3C's) Mind Your", "title": "Chermaine Poo" }, { "docid": "6734608", "text": "BDO USA, P.C. is the US member firm of BDO International, the 5th largest global accounting network with over $12.8 billion in revenue. It is the 6th largest accounting and professional services firm in the United States by revenue. In 2023, BDO USA, P.C. became the first large national accounting firm to convert from a traditional limited liability partnership, to an entirely employee owned corporation. Due to this conversion, all employees are eligible to gain an equity stake in the company. The company is currently headquartered in downtown Chicago. BDO stands for Binder, Dijker, and Otte, the original founders of the firm. History BDO USA, P.C was founded as Seidman and Seidman in New York City in 1910 by three immigrant brothers: Maximillian L. Seidman, Francis E. Seidman, and Jacob S. Seidman. At that time the accounting profession was in its infancy, with fewer than 2,200 practicing CPAs in the United States. Shortly thereafter in 1913, the 16th Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified, followed by the Revenue Act of 1913 with new impositions of U.S. federal income tax enacted by Congress in that year. M. L. Seidman saw the potential of the accountant's role to provide tax services to individuals. By 1917, Congress enacted the first revenue bills and the U.S. entry into World War I created the need for corporate income and excess profit taxes. At the same time, federal spending rose to $18.9 billion with 58 percent of the federal revenues provided from income taxes. M.L. Seidman and his siblings, who joined him in his new accounting firm, seized the opportunity to provide tax services to businesses in addition to individuals. Expansion An era of expansion began. Fostered by the federal government's conversion of furniture and woodworking companies to aircraft production for the war effort, the firm opened an office in Grand Rapids, Michigan, in 1917. Seidman and Seidman quickly established itself as a leader in serving the furniture industry by developing the first effective furniture plant costing system. Today, BDO Seidman's furniture industry practice remains in the industry. In 1925, the firm rapidly expanded, opening offices in Jamestown, Illinois, and Rockford, Illinois, followed by Chicago in 1921, and Gardner, Massachusetts, in 1924. In 1922, J. S. Seidman joined the firm as a founding member. The 1930s brought another new beginning for the accounting profession. In 1933, Congress passed the Securities Act, requiring public corporations to have financial statements included in registration statements and periodic reports reported on by independent CPAs. A year later, the Securities and Exchange Commission was created to administer the new legislation. In 1950, L. William Seidman joined the firm and ultimately became its managing partner before leaving for government service, most notably as chair of the FDIC. Development of the national firm The firm continued to grow and by the 1960s, truly became a national firm. On April 1, 1968, the firm was converted into a national general partnership. This marked the beginning of a new era of expansion. Over", "title": "BDO USA, P.C." }, { "docid": "22373985", "text": "Accountancy Age is an online trade publication for accountants and financial staff in the United Kingdom. After running from 1969 to 2011 with a circulation of over 60,000 in print, it changed with effect from May 2011 to an online-only publication. History Accountancy Age was first published on 5 December 1969, by Michael Heseltine's company Haymarket Publishing. Haymarket later sold Accountancy Age and Computing magazine to become the mainstay journals of VNU Business Publications Ltd, which formed in 1980. The parent company, Dutch media group VNU, was acquired by a group of private equity firms in 2006, and renamed as The Nielsen Company. They then sold the business publications division to venture capital group 3i, which in February 2007 sold the UK company to Incisive Media. Incisive announced in April 2011 that the last print edition would be dated 21 April 2011. In 2015, Incisive sold Accountancy Age and Financial Director to Contentive. Awards From 1995 to 2010 the magazine organised and hosted The Accountancy Age Awards for accountancy firms, individuals, teams, initiatives and software packages. In 2011 these were succeeded by the British Accountancy Awards. The magazine has itself won various awards including a top 500 UK \"Business Superbrand\" in 2007 and the 2008 Award for \"Editorial Team of the Year\" from the Association of Online Publishers. Liam Saunders' weekly cartoon \"Colin\" won the Workworld Media Award for \"Cartoonist of the Year\" in 2003. Readership The target audience is British qualified accountants. The AOP's editorial award case study refers to \"senior figures at big four firms and in government swearing by the team’s newswires, live blogs, and multimedia industry coverage\", and the website claims that it is considered the \"independent voice of the profession\". References External links AccountancyAge.com – official website 3i Group companies Accounting magazines Business magazines published in the United Kingdom Online magazines published in the United Kingdom Weekly magazines published in the United Kingdom Defunct magazines published in the United Kingdom Magazines established in 1969 Magazines disestablished in 2011 Online magazines with defunct print editions", "title": "Accountancy Age" }, { "docid": "797776", "text": "A health savings account (HSA) is a tax-advantaged medical savings account available to taxpayers in the United States who are enrolled in a high-deductible health plan (HDHP). The funds contributed to an account are not subject to federal income tax at the time of deposit. Unlike a flexible spending account (FSA), HSA funds roll over and accumulate year to year if they are not spent. HSAs are owned by the individual, which differentiates them from company-owned Health Reimbursement Arrangements (HRA) that are an alternate tax-deductible source of funds paired with either high-deductible health plans or standard health plans. HSA funds may be used to pay for qualified medical expenses at any time without federal tax liability or penalty. Beginning in early 2011 over-the-counter medications could not be paid with an HSA without a doctor's prescription, although that requirement was lifted as of January 1, 2020. Withdrawals for non-medical expenses are treated very similarly to those in an individual retirement account (IRA) in that they may provide tax advantages if taken after retirement age, and they incur penalties if taken earlier. The accounts are a component of consumer-driven health care. Proponents of HSAs believe that they are an important reform that will help reduce the growth of health care costs and increase the efficiency of the health care system. According to proponents, HSAs encourage saving for future health care expenses, allow the patient to receive needed care without a gatekeeper to determine what benefits are allowed, and make consumers more responsible for their own health care choices through the required high-deductible health plan. Opponents observe that the structure of HSAs complicates the decision of whether to obtain medical treatment, by setting it against tax liability and retirement-saving goals. There is also debate about consumer satisfaction with these plans. History HSAs were established as part of the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act, which included the enactment of Internal Revenue Code section 223, effective for tax years beginning after December 31, 2003, signed into law by President George W. Bush on December 8, 2003. They were developed to replace the medical savings account system. A survey of employers published by the Kaiser Family Foundation in September 2008 found that 8% of covered workers were enrolled in a consumer-driven health plan (including both HSAs and Health Reimbursement Accounts), up from 4% in 2006. The study found that roughly 10% of firms offered such plans to their workers. Large firms were more likely to offer a high-deductible plan (18%), but enrollment was higher in small firms (8% of covered workers, versus 4% in larger firms). As of 2012, these numbers had increased. Approximately 31% of firms offering health insurance offered an HSA (26%) or an HRA (5%) option. Large firms (38%) were somewhat more likely than small (31%) firms to offer such options. 11% of covered workers were in HSAs, while 8% were in HRAs. In small companies, 24% were in high-deductible health plans vs 17% in larger firms. A survey of health", "title": "Health savings account" }, { "docid": "35602914", "text": "International Accounting Standard 37: Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets, or IAS 37, is an international financial reporting standard adopted by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). It sets out the accounting and disclosure requirements for provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets, with several exceptions, establishing the important principle that a provision is to be recognized only when the entity has a liability. IAS 37 was originally issued by the International Accounting Standards Committee in 1998, superseding IAS 10: Contingencies and Events Occurring after the Balance Sheet Date, and was adopted by the IASB in 2001. It was seen as an \"important development\" in accounting as it regulated the use of provisions, minimising their abuse such as in the case of big baths. Overview Provisions IAS 37 establishes the definition of a provision as a \"liability of uncertain timing or amount\", and requires that all the following conditions be fulfilled before a provision can be recognized: the entity currently has a liability as a result of a past event; an outflow of resources is likely to be needed to settle the liability; and the amount of the obligation can be estimated reliably. The standard also details measurement methods for provisions, generally requiring that the entity recognises a best estimate of the amounts needed to settle the obligation. When the obligation is in the future, the present value is used to determine the liability. The accounting for provisions is similar to United States accounting for asset retirement obligations under ASC 410. Contingent assets and liabilities IAS 37 generally defines contingent assets and liabilities as assets and liabilities that arose from past events but whose existence will only be confirmed by the occurrence of future events that are not in the entity's control. It establishes that contingent assets and liabilities are not to be recognized in the financial statements, but are to be disclosed where an inflow of economic benefits is probable (assets) or the chance of outflows of resources is not insignificant (liabilities). Recent and proposed amendments In 2010 the IASB released an exposure draft of amendments to IAS 37 and invited comments on the draft. As of April 2012, the project has been paused pending other discussions. The amendments were controversial for setting out rules on how entities would account for legal cases in their financial statements; it would require firms to recognize the contingent liability as a weighted average of the possible outcomes of a legal case. In 2018, the IASB issued an exposure draft to provide specific requirements on what constitutes 'unavoidable costs' in the definition of onerous contract in IAS 37. References International Financial Reporting Standards Liability (financial accounting)", "title": "IAS 37" }, { "docid": "48686889", "text": "The Most Beautiful Moment in Life, Pt. 2 () is the fourth extended play (EP) by South Korean boy band BTS. It was released on November 30, 2015, by Big Hit Entertainment. Available in two versions, the EP comprises nine tracks, with \"Run\" as its lead single. Background and release On September 8, 2015, Big Hit Entertainment released the “화양연화 on stage : prologue” video on Naver V LIVE, announcing their upcoming comeback and concert tour, 2015 BTS LIVE \"The Most Beautiful Moment in Life On Stage\". The prologue video included previews of the album tracks “Butterfly\", “Ma City\", and “Outro: House of Cards\". In the video, it was indicated that the album release was originally scheduled for October; the release, however, was ultimately delayed to November 30. On November 17, an animated comeback trailer was uploaded on Big Hit Entertainment's YouTube channel, which featured the album track \"Intro: Never Mind\" performed by Suga, RM, and J-Hope. On November 19 and 20, short clips of each BTS member were uploaded onto their official Instagram account, with clues hinting at an upcoming event related to the album release. Subsequently, on November 20, Big Hit Entertainment announced the 'Butterfly Dream: BTS Open Media Exhibition' event, which was later hosted on December 1–8 in Seoul. On November 23, BTS released the first set of album concept photos through their official Facebook and Instagram accounts, accompanied with the caption: \"Je Ne Regrette Rien\", which means \"I regret nothing\" in French. On November 24, a second set of concept photos was revealed with the caption: \"Papillon\", which translates to \"butterfly.\" The album would be available in two cover design versions, Blue and Peach. Both versions would include a 98-page photobook, a random photocard, and one limited edition poster. On November 24, special bonus concept photos were released through Naver Music. On November 25, a music video teaser for the album's lead single, \"Run\", was released through Big Hit Entertainment's official YouTube channel. On November 26, the album track list, containing nine songs, was shared on the group's official Twitter account, and the album preview was uploaded on YouTube. Additionally, short clips of behind the scenes footage from the \"Run\" music video was uploaded on the group's Instagram. On November 27, BTS released a track from the album, \"Ma City\", on their official homepage for free pre-streaming, available for a limited period of 24 hours. At the press conference for their concert held the same day, BTS stated: “Part one explained how youth is tiring and difficult, and it also touched on how we feel like we're always on edge. Part two will have a more adventurous and daring feel to it. That's why our title song is 'RUN'.\" The EP was released on November 30. Promotions BTS held a press conference on November 27 to discuss the release of the new album and the beginning of their concert tour. On the same day, they performed the new songs from the album for the first time", "title": "The Most Beautiful Moment in Life, Pt. 2" }, { "docid": "73091181", "text": "Numbers () is a 2023 South Korean television series starring Kim Myung-soo, Choi Jin-hyuk, Choi Min-soo, Yeonwoo, and Kim Yoo-ri. It aired on MBC TV from June 23 to July 29, 2023, every Friday and Saturday at 21:50 (KST). It is also available for streaming on Wavve in South Korea, and on Viki and Viu in selected regions. Synopsis Numbers tells the various stories that unfold within an accounting firm. It revolves around an accountant with a high school diploma, who fights against injustice. Cast Main Kim Myung-soo as Jang Ho-woo: the first and only high school-educated accountant to join the Taeil Accounting Firm, one of the nation's four big accounting firms. Choi Jin-hyuk as Han Seung-jo: a senior manager at Taeil Accounting Firm who has a good family background and graduated from a prestigious university. Choi Min-soo as Han Je-gyun: Seung-jo's father who is the vice president of Taeil Accounting Firm. Yeonwoo as Jin Yeon-ah: a senior associate at Taeil Accounting Firm. Kim Yoo-ri as Jang Ji-soo / Joyce: Seung-jo's ex-girlfriend who is the manager of Hong Kong private equity fund C-level. Supporting Taeil Accounting Firm Deal Department Lee Sung-yeol as Shim Hyung-woo: director of the department. Choi Jung-woo as Yang Jae-hwan: a department manager. Park Hwan-hee as Son Hye-won: a senior associate. Seo Eun-woo as Eun Seok-min: a senior manager. Shin Woo-gyeom as Woo Sang-hyun: a department manager. Bae Geu-rin as Jung Si-young: a senior associate. Yang Jae-hyun as Do Ji-hoon: a new accountant. Park Kyung-soon as Wang Kyung-tae: a new accountant. Taeil Accounting Firm Audit Department Kim Young-jae as Kang Hyun: a senior manager. Bae Hae-sun as Ahn Seung-yeon: vice president of the department. Han Gyu-won as Kim Jong-ok: a department manager. Kim Jung-joo as Park Dong-ho: a department manager. Seo Young-soo as Jo Byeong-guk: a senior associate. Lee Ki-chang as Choi Kyung-il: a senior associate. People around Ho-woo Do Yeon-jin as Song Yeo-jin: Ho-woo's childhood friend who is a police officer. Kim Sun-bin as Gong Hee-sam: Ho-woo's childhood friend and current housemate. Nam Myeong-ryeol as Jang In-ho: CEO of Haebit Construction. Seong Byung-sook as Ong Cheon-ja: Ho-woo's grandmother who is the owner of Pride Restaurant. Sang-ah Group Jung Hae-kyun as Lee Chan-joo: the chairman of Sang-ah Group. Joo Byung-ha as Lee Bo-sung: Chan-joo's son. Jo Hee-bong as Chief Koo: the representative of People's Entertainment. Jisan Bank Kang Shin-il as Jin Tae-soo: Yeon-ah's father who is the president of Jisan Bank. Kim Kyul as Jung Jae-gi: the director of Jisan Bank's review department. Son In-yong as Ma Hang-sik: the director of Jisan Bank's credit management department. Production The series was tentatively titled Accounting Firm (). Viewership Awards and nominations Notes References External links Korean-language television shows MBC TV television dramas South Korean workplace television series South Korean action television series South Korean romance television series South Korean revenge television series 2023 South Korean television series debuts 2023 South Korean television series endings", "title": "Numbers (South Korean TV series)" }, { "docid": "32933085", "text": "An accounting network or accounting association is a professional services network whose principal purpose is to provide members resources to assist the clients around the world and hence reduce the uncertainty by bringing together a greater number of resources to work on a problem. The networks and associations operate independently of the independent members. The largest accounting networks are known as the Big Four. The Big Four History of accounting networks and associations Foundations Accounting networks were created to meet a specific need. “The accounting profession in the U.S. was built upon a state-established monopoly for audits of financial statements.” Accounting networks arose out of the necessity for public American companies to have audited financial statements for the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). For over 70 years, the SEC has continually sought for greater coordination and consistent quality in audits everywhere in the world. Networks were the logical model to address these requirements. They expanded outside of the United States since financial results had to be audited wherever a company conducted business. In the US, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board's (PCAOB) regulations provide for inspection of non-United States firms. Without a network with common standards and internal means of communications, conducting the required audits would not be possible. There were other profession-based factors which favored the growth of accounting networks. As a result of competition for the audit work, consolidation was inevitable. These include the fact that a network can establish a brand. A brand establishes the credibility of the network and allows the individual members to charge more. Creating a brand is very difficult when all of the members of a network are providing essentially the same services. Being a network member establishes that the firm is part of a large group. Additionally, the larger the firm, the more likely it will be invited to render auditing engagements. A large organized network allows for spreading the costs to price competitively. Ultimately, size is the only real means of differentiation that is readily available on accounting firms to assure clients that they can do international work. Networks also reflect the clients’ needs for seamless worldwide services because they are more efficient and cost-effective. From the perspective of the accounting firm, a global regulated organization with consistently applied standards significantly reduced the risk. However, increasing the size of the networks can enhance legal liability risks and quality control issues that have not been resolved. With these factors in play, some networks continued to grow; others remained in a stasis position. Individual members of networks began to offer other services related to accounting. These services included forensic accounting, business appraisals, employee benefits planning, strategic planning, and almost anything associated with financial parts of the client’s business. The network’s structure easily accommodated these services and their geographical expansion. As the Big Eight consolidated to become Big Six, the Big Five and then the Big Four, new networks naturally developed to emulate them. BDO and Grant Thornton were the earliest followers. Networks were", "title": "Accounting network" }, { "docid": "9930251", "text": "Accountancy in Hong Kong is regulated by the HKICPA under the Professional Accountants Ordinance (Chapter 50, Laws of Hong Kong). The auditing industry for limited companies is regulated under the Companies Ordinance (Chapter 32, Laws of Hong Kong), and other Ordinances such as the Securities and Futures Ordinance, the Listing Rules, etc. Accounting standards The regulating of accountancy, auditing, membership, professional, licensing all falls under the HKICPA. However, in many cases, the HKICPA themselves are helpless in concluding what constitutes properly prepared financial statements. There were some attempts in obtaining external professional legal opinions on behalf of its members (e.g. what constitutes \"true and fair\") but they are non-binding in court. The ultimate True and Fair / True and Correct of a set of published financial statement falls under the Court system in Hong Kong, which relies on the generally accepted practice in Hong Kong. This is consistent with other common law practices. In 2005, the HKICPA adopted almost all the most current accounting and auditing standards from the IFAC and its associated standard setting bodies with the additions of a few local written interpretations of these principal based accounting and auditing standards. Local written interpretations try to cater to the unique situations in Hong Kong such as the problem of the remaining land lease. Prior to the formation of HKICPA in 1972 (or formerly known as HKSA before 2004 September), the auditing industry was loosely regulated. Organizations including The Society of Chinese Accountants and Auditors (\"SCAACPA\") has helped in standardising recognised auditors for financial statements. There were also few serious accounting and auditing standards prior to 1986. Before 1972, auditing standards were often upheld by the individual integrity of these professional auditors. Accounting standards were based on the few international firms in the then colony including Lowe, Bingham and Matthews, KPMG, Sanford Yung, etc. 1972 was seen as a turning point for the accountancy profession in Hong Kong. Most international accounting firms (the forebears of the Big Four accounting firms today) established their presence in Hong Kong within a few years before or after the establishment of HKICPA. In 1974, the British-based accountancy body with a global presence – Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA) assisted with setting up the Hong Kong Institute of Certified Public Accountants (formerly named \"Hong Kong Society of Accountants\") as the local statutory accountancy body in Hong Kong. HKSA looked upon the exams from 2 accountancy bodies – the aforementioned ACCA from UK and the ASCPA from Australia. At that time university education in the Colony was less common than nowadays. Both accountancy bodies did not require university degree and so HKSA deemed these as suitable for the Hong Kong admission standards. Around 1985, the HKICPA adopted most of their auditing and accounting standards from ICAEW. Around 1990, the former HKSA (HKICPA), named Association of International Accountants (AIA) for full exemption. Around 1994, the HKICPA slowly adopted their auditing and accounting standards from the IFAC and its associated standard setting bodies. Full integration was", "title": "Accountancy in Hong Kong" }, { "docid": "3306786", "text": "Exult Inc. was a company headquartered in Irvine, California that provided business services related to Human Resources (HR) and Business Process Outsourcing (BPO). Exult was created in 1998 and originally operated under the name of BPO US, Inc. Its business model was based on the premise that big corporations could be persuaded to outsource the most mundane human-resources tasks to outside contractors. Founded by Jim Madden, who also served as chairman and chief executive officer of Exult, the company experienced rapid growth. Exult was initially funded by private-equity firm General Atlantic Partners. Exult provided administrative services like payroll and benefits plans, as well as recruiting and learning and development for businesses. The company ran some of these services on intranet technology, called myHR, in which clients' employees could access general data on human resources. In addition to human resource functions, Exult provided financial process outsourcing solutions options to its clients inclusive of accounts receivable, general ledger and finance, accounts processing, and fixed asset and procurement tools. Operations Exult's global footprint included operations in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Hong Kong, Singapore, the Netherlands, Poland, India, and Brazil. Client service centers for Exult were located in South Shields, England; Uberlândia, Brazil; Memphis, Tennessee; Houston, Texas; Charlotte, North Carolina; Glasgow, Scotland; Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Mumbai, India. Stocks in Exult traded on the NYSE under the symbol (EXLT). Mergers and acquisitions In November 1999 Exult acquired Gunn Partners Inc., which retained its brand identity and continued to operate as Exult's consulting division. In February 2002 Answerthink, Inc. purchased the Exult Process Intelligence Center (EPIC), which was founded by Gunn Partners. EPIC then became Hackett Collaborative Learning. In 2004, Exult sold Gunn Partners to Deloitte Consulting. In June 2003 Exult purchased the international business process outsourcing (BPO) operations of PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) for US$17 million, cash. The acquisition added 500 new employees, ownership of PwC's e-procurement tool, and six of PwC's contracts which included Standard Chartered Bank, Equifax in the U.K., Safeway in the U.K., Tibbet & Britten, and Grupo Algar and an airline. In 2004, Exult announced the acquisition of ReloAction a Pleasanton, California based firm specializing in the relocation of workers for large firms. Later in 2004, Exult itself was acquired by Hewitt Associates of Lincolnshire, Illinois in an all-stock transaction valued at US$795 million. In 2010 Aon announced the acquisition of Hewitt. References Business process outsourcing companies", "title": "Exult Inc." }, { "docid": "6832019", "text": "The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Sri Lanka (CA Sri Lanka) is a professional accountancy body in Sri Lanka. The Institute was established by Act of Parliament, No. 23 of 1959 as the sole organisation in Sri Lanka with the right to awarding the Chartered Accountant designation. The Institute is responsible for setting Accounting and Auditing Standards in Sri Lanka, and is considered the National Body of Accountants' in the country. Membership In Sri Lanka, only members of CA Sri Lanka can practice as \"Chartered Accountant\". There are two grades of members; Associate (ACA) Fellow (FCA) Associate membership is gained after completing three levels of examinations and serving as a clerk serving under articles with a member of the Institute in practice or with a member of the Institute who is a salaried employee in the service of a firm of accountants for a minimum three-year practical training period. They are known as articled clerks during this period. Fellowship is awarded to senior Chartered accountants. Chartered accountants holding practicing certificates may also become \"Registered Auditors\", who are able to perform statutory financial audits in accordance with the Companies Act, No. 07 of 2007''. Chartered Accountants can also register as Company Secretaries. Affiliations The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Sri Lanka enjoys agreements with the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales, CPA Australia, and several other leading international accountancy bodies. CA Sri Lanka is a member of the International Federation of Accountants, Confederation of Asian and Pacific Accountants and a founder member of the South Asian Federation of Accountants. CA Sri Lanka is also a member of the Chartered Accountants Worldside Criticisms CA Sri Lanka has been criticized for allowing audit firms (especially firms which carry the name as Big Four) to take undue advantage of articled clerks (interns) who would have to work in these firms for low wages to cover the practical training period required by the institute, which intern is headed by partners of these firms. Yet, institute hasn't taken any action towards this. See also Accounting in Sri Lanka Association of Accounting Technicians of Sri Lanka Institute of Certified Management Accountants of Sri Lanka References External links Official website Sri Lanka Organizations established in 1959 Professional accounting bodies in Sri Lanka Universities and colleges in Colombo District Member bodies of the International Federation of Accountants Accounting in Sri Lanka Universities in Sri Lanka", "title": "Institute of Chartered Accountants of Sri Lanka" }, { "docid": "32910584", "text": "Professional services networks are business networks of independent firms who come together to provide professional services to clients through an organized framework. They are notably found in law and accounting. Any profession that operates in one location, but has clients in multiple locations, may provide potential members for a professional network. This entry focuses on accounting, legal, multidisciplinary and specialty practice networks. According to statistics from 2010, members of these networks employ more than one million professionals and staff and have cumulative annual revenues that exceed $200 billion. The accounting networks developed first to meet the US Securities and Exchange Commission's requirement for public company audits. They include the well-known accounting networks like PwC, Deloitte, Ernst & Young and KPMG (also known as the Big 4 Audit Firms) as well as more than 30 other accounting networks and associations. They are highly structured entities. The law firm network developed in the late 1980s. They include legal and law firm based multidisciplinary networks like Lex Mundi, Alliott Group, World Services Group, TerraLex, Meritas, IR Global and the State Capital Group. There are more than 175 known networks in law, 40 in accounting, and 20 specialty networks. Individual networks have revenues exceeding $20 billion. Recognizing a network – the disclaimer Every network from accounting networks like PwC and KPMG to law firm networks like Lex Mundi, Multilaw, and multidisciplinary networks like World Services Group (WSG) uses a \"network disclaimer\". A network disclaimer states that the network members are independent firms that do not practice jointly and are not responsible for the negligence of each other. It further states that generally the network does not practice a profession or otherwise provide services to clients of the network's members. This independence is the foundation of both network operations and governance. Why a network rather than a company A major factor influencing the need for networks is the globalization of the economy. Supply and demand are no longer local but global. The price of commodities is affected by the weather halfway across the world or by demand in developing countries. Production takes place wherever the assets and human resources can most effectively deploy. Professional services providers must be able to reach out globally to represent their clients everywhere in the world. Networks are the practical and cost-effective method to accomplish these objectives. Members of networks have access to other members who understand the local economic, legal and political factors. From a theoretical point of view, networks are an effective model of enhancing services. The members and the networks are different parts of the resource equation for providing members quality, reliable, local and global services. There is no real limit of what can be accomplished through a network when the network and its membership work in combination with each other. This collaboration is at the heart of the network. Networks do not practice a profession or provide the services that their members provide to their clients. Networks do not provide accounting or legal services. They operate", "title": "Professional services network" }, { "docid": "4407657", "text": "James Marwick (1862–1936) was a Scottish American and an original founder of an accounting office that became one of the Big Four accounting firms, KPMG. Career Marwick was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1862. Marwick's father was Sir James David Marwick, an Orcadian who was Town Clerk of Glasgow from 1873 to 1904. The young Marwick qualified as a chartered accountant, and began his accounting practice in Glasgow, and travelled to Australia to conduct a bank examination for a group of Scottish investors during the Australian banking crisis in the 1890s. Marwick later travelled from Australia to Canada and, impressed with business opportunities in North America and cultivating banking clients, he went to the United States in 1894 and began looking for a partner. Marwick and Roger Mitchell, schoolmates from the University of Glasgow, literally ran into each other on a New York City street in 1897. Mitchell had been sent to the United States to run the family textile business. The two set up a practice together in what has been labelled the perfect \"front office/back office partnership.\" After opening Marwick, Mitchell & Company in New York, Marwick began traveling to other cities, opening offices all over the United States. Percy Garrett, who ran the London office, once wrote that the tireless Marwick travelled as many as 15,000 miles a year. Marwick retired in 1917, handing the reins to Mitchell, who took over as senior partner and stayed on until 1925 when the firm joined with William Barclay Peat & Co. to form Peat, Marwick & Mitchell. Marwick's legacy continues with the appointment of the James Marwick Professor-in-Residence at KPMG: the role is normally filled by a leading academic. References 1862 births 1936 deaths Scottish businesspeople Scottish accountants Alumni of the University of Glasgow KPMG people", "title": "James Marwick" }, { "docid": "45484909", "text": "James Alexander Lyons (1861–1920) was an American accountancy author, and publisher, known for publishing a series of books on bookkeeping and accountancy in the early 20th century. The first work Lyons published was the 1896 textbook entitled A Treatise on Business Practice, which was designed as textbook for all business schools and as reference for all classes. Biography Lyons had started his commercial textbook business in cooperation with Orville Marcellus Powers (1852–1910s) under the name Powers & Lyons in the 1890s. One of the first books were The New Business Arithmetic; A Treatise on Commercial Calculations, first published in 1893, and The Complete Accountant: Designed for the Use of Schools and Private Study : a book of reference for the counting house, embodying the latest forms and methods in use in the best business houses, first published in 1898. Both books were authored by Powers, and ran in several editions. The firm Powers & Lyons had been dissolved in 1909, and Lyons assumes full ownership, continuing the business under the name of J. A. Lyons & Company. In 1911 James W. Carnahan joined the firm, who had been general representative of the Ginn & Company publishing company. The publishing company changed its name in Lyons and Carnahan. Based in Chicago, the company continued to concentrated on publishing textbooks. Work Modern Corporation Accounting, 1908 The purpose of the 1908 Modern Corporation Accounting, was to show students what a corporation is, and how it is created; to give them in concise form a correct idea of those accounts which belong peculiarly to corporation bookkeeping, and the original entries which affect those accounts; and to illustrate several processes of closing the ledger of a corporation and distributing corporation profits. While studying these things, observing students will learn much that will be of general benefit and that will serve to guide them in possible future dealings with corporations. Bookkeeping: Classification of loss or gain accounts In Modern Corporation Accounting, (1908) Lyons picture some of the transactions and entries which are peculiar to corporations and corporation accounting. In doing so, he presents one of the earliest modern flow diagrams of cost accounting. These relation was originally pictured by Emile Garcke and J. M. Fells in their System of factory accounting from 1889. Lyons had simplified these relations into one single flow diagram: Lyon explained that the above diagram shows the relation of the various loss or gain accounts to each other, and indicates what account each group of accounts closes into. Out-Freight, Cash Discount Dr., and the Sales Book total, close into the Sales account. Manufacturing Labor, Manufacturing Expense, Materials, and Materials Expense close into Production (after In-Freight and Cash Discount Cr., which are subordinate to Materials, have been closed into Materials). Sales and Production, which now exhibit respectively the net returns on merchandise and the gross cost of manufacture, are closed into Implements, which is the Merchandise account. In the exercise section of the book four other examples where pictured of Loss & Gain", "title": "James Alexander Lyons" }, { "docid": "27964824", "text": "The Big Three or MBB is the name colloquially given to the three large strategy consulting firms. They are considered to be the most prestigious firms in the management consulting industry. In terms of employees, McKinsey & Company is the largest and leads by revenue. McKinsey is followed by Boston Consulting Group and Bain & Company, respectively. The firms The three consulting firms widely regarded as constituting the Big Three or MBB are McKinsey & Company, Boston Consulting Group, and Bain & Company. These three firms are among the world's largest strategy consulting firms by revenue. Their latest publicly available data is summarized in the table below: McKinsey & Company This firm was founded in Chicago by James O. McKinsey in 1926. The firm has grown significantly since then, establishing 104 offices located in 60 countries as of 2014. McKinsey & Company has been voted number one in \"The Best Consulting Firms: Prestige\" list of the Vault.com career intelligence website consecutively for 14 years since 2002. The firm currently serves two-thirds of the Fortune 1000. Their areas of expertise include management, organization, operations and IT. Boston Consulting Group BCG was founded in 1963 by Bruce D. Henderson, a former Arthur D. Little consultant and a Vanderbilt University and Harvard Business School alumnus. Starting out with only two consultants, the firm quickly grew. As of 2021, it employs 25,000 people in over 90 offices in more than 50 countries. BCG also has been consistently featured in Consulting magazine's \"Best Firms to Work For\" lists since 2001. Their areas of expertise include corporate development, business growth and innovation. Bain & Company Bain was founded by Bill Bain in 1973 after leaving BCG. The firm pioneered private equity consulting and the fund Bain Capital was founded by partners from Bain & Company and led by Mitt Romney. It currently has 65 offices in 40 countries. Their areas of expertise include private equity, mergers and acquisitions and retail. Bridgespan, a non-profit consultancy, was spun out of Bain in the early 2000s by three former Bain employees. The firm has been ranked multiple times as one of the \"Best Places to Work\" by Glassdoor, and has placed in the top five for the last decade. See also Big Four accounting firms Corporate services List of management consulting firms References International management consulting firms", "title": "Big Three (management consultancies)" }, { "docid": "16742825", "text": "Hanwha Ocean Co., Ltd. (), formerly known as Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering (DSME; ), is one of the \"Big Three\" shipbuilders of South Korea, along with Hyundai and Samsung. History On 21 February 2011, the A. P. Moller-Maersk Group (Maersk) ordered 10 large container ships from DSME, each with a capacity of 18,000 containers, surpassing the then record holder; the Mærsk E-class at 15,200 containers. The contract is worth $1.9bn. The first was to be delivered in 2014. In June 2011, Maersk ordered ten more, for another $1.9bn. The new class is called the Triple E class. On December 20, 2011, Daewoo Shipbuilding Marine Engineering won the largest single defense contract by a Korean firm; valued at $1.07 billion to build three Indonesian submarines. It also would mark the first exports of submarines from South Korea. On 22 February 2012, a £452 million order was placed with DSME for four 37,000 tonne double hulled 'MARS' fast fleet tankers by Britain's Ministry of Defence for the Royal Fleet Auxiliary. The ships entered service in 2017. The firm built 15 LNG icebreaker/tanker ships commissioned by Yamal LNG which will be used to export liquefied natural gas from the Russian Arctic. Each icebreaker/tanker is designed to operate year-round from the Yamal Peninsula and to break ice up to 2.5 meters thick. The tankers were designed in Finland by Aker Arctic Technology Inc. The South Korean Board of Audit and Inspection found of accounting fraud in DSME's books on 15 June 2016. In July, 2016, shares in DSME were suspended from trading, and were announced to be suspended until at least September 28, 2017. After suffering losses of Won3.3tn in 2015 and Won2.7tn in 2016, it was given a government loan in March 2017 to prevent bankruptcy. In 2017, it was uncovered that North Korea may have hacked the company and stole company's blueprints in April 2016. In December 2022, Hanwha Group announced that it would acquire a controlling 49.3 percent stake in Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering worth 2 trillion won (US$1.5 billion). The deal was supported by the Korea Development Bank in an attempt to improve competition in the Korean shipbuilding industry. Ships built Crane vessels 1 Container ships 20 11 (Gen2) 10 of 16 8 of 14 6 5 6 of 14 23 6 5 Submarines 3 Type 214 8 of 9 2 2 of 9 Surface naval 3 of 6 s 3 s 4 of 8 s 3 of 9 s 1 of 4 s Tank ships 5 s See also Daewoo dissolution and corruption scandal References External links Hanwha subsidiaries Daewoo Shipbuilding companies of South Korea Defence companies of South Korea Manufacturing companies based in Seoul Companies listed on the Korea Exchange Companies in the KOSPI 200 South Korean brands Accounting scandals Scandals in South Korea", "title": "Hanwha Ocean" }, { "docid": "1049188", "text": "Harvey L. Pitt (February 28, 1945 – May 30, 2023) was an American lawyer. He served as the 26th chairman of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) for 18 months from August 2001 to February 2003, a period that encompassed the September 11 attacks and the Enron scandal. Born in Brooklyn, New York, Pitt graduated from Brooklyn College with a bachelor's degree, and from St. John's University School of Law with a Juris Doctor. He then worked at the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), eventually becoming the agency's general counsel. Pitt was later a partner at Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson, where he represented the Big Five accounting firms and other financial industry firms, before returning to the SEC as chairman. During his tenure at the SEC, he was lauded by some for his response to the 9/11 attacks, and for crafting a new rule requiring large company executives to personally certify their company's financial results. However, he was criticized for requesting that his pay be increased and his job as SEC chairman be elevated to Cabinet rank, for being too slow to react to corporate scandals, for meeting privately with his former clients while they were subjects of SEC investigations, for being too close to the accounting industry, and for reversing his commitment to support highly qualified candidate John H. Biggs to head the new Public Company Accounting Oversight Board. The final criticism of him, by both Democrats and Republicans, was that he attempted to appoint as head of the new accounting oversight board 78-year-old William Webster, who chaired the audit committee of a company under SEC investigation for fraud and accounting irregularities, while the company lacked internal controlswithout informing the White House or the other SEC Commissioners that Webster was under scrutiny for his involvement in a corporate accounting fraud investigation. In November 2002, Pitt abruptly resigned under pressure as Chairman of the SEC, 15 months into what was to be a five-year term; he stepped down the following February. Harvey Pitt was one of the founding members of the SEC Historical Society in 1999, a non-profit organization that preserves and shares the history of the SEC and financial regulation. Later in his career, Pitt served as a columnist with Compliance Week, and as an expert witness. Early life and education Pitt was born in Crown Heights, Brooklyn, New York, the son of a seamstress and of a butcher who worked his way up to become a vice president of the Waldbaum's supermarket chain. When he was seven years old, the family moved to Marine Park, Brooklyn. He graduated from Stuyvesant High School in 1961. He than graduated from Brooklyn College with a bachelor's degree in 1965, and from St. John's University School of Law with a Juris Doctor in 1968. He later received the Presidential Medal of Distinction from Brooklyn College in 2003, and an honorary LLD from St. John's University School of Law. He was a Republican. Career at SEC From 1968 to 1978,", "title": "Harvey Pitt" }, { "docid": "17257435", "text": "Outsource Partners International (OPI) was acquired by EXL in June 2011. The acquisition marked the end of F&A outsourcing of OPI. OPI was a multinational company with headquarters in New York, NY and Los Angeles, CA. It operates from more than a dozen global locations throughout the US, UK, India, Bulgaria, and Malaysia. OPI was formed in 2002 through the acquisition of big four accounting firm's Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) division and itAccounts, a finance and accounting BPO company with an offshore F&A outsourcing facility in Bangalore, India. It offers finance, accounting and tax outsourcing services. Growth plan Outsource Partners International (OPI) is an outsourcing company specializing in finance and accounting outsourcing (FAO) services. The company was originally established in 2002 through the acquisition of a big four accounting firm's (KPMG) Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) division and itAccounts. OPI handles companies' routine, recurring transactions as well as complex processes such as regulatory compliance, preparation of financial statements and SEC reporting. Through its onsite-offshore approach, key members of client staff transfer to OPI, yet remain onsite to interact with client executives and other departments. Additional services include revenue processing; vendor and payment processing; payroll and benefits administration; general accounting; financial reporting; fixed assets and capital accounting; cost and inventory accounting; regulatory compliance reporting; and management reporting. OPI also offers tax co-sourcing and tax outsourcing for data entry and tax from preparation. Clients are typically involved in the service, manufacturing, technology, retail, energy and not-for-profit industries. While its clients range in size from US$100 million to multi-billion dollar organizations, they average US$76 million in annual revenues. Its clients are both publicly traded and privately owned. Clients span cross-industry, including: •Agriculture •Business Services •Consumer Products •Consumer Services •Education Products & Services •Energy & Utilities •Entertainment & Leisure •Financial Services •Healthcare •Hotels & Motels •Manufacturing •Media •Not For Profit •Real Estate •Retail •Technology •Telecommunications •Transportation & Logistics OPI has grown to include 15 offices and service centers across the United States, United Kingdom, India, Bulgaria, and Malaysia. Its 3,700 employees occupy more than of office space. Locations North America Atlanta Chicago Dallas Houston Washington DC Asia Pacific Bangalore Kochi Delhi Kuala Lumpur Noida (NCR) Europe London Sofia Varna References Outsourcing companies", "title": "Outsource Partners International" }, { "docid": "65682130", "text": "Data valuation is a discipline in the fields of accounting and information economics. It is concerned with methods to calculate the value of data collected, stored, analyzed and traded by organizations. This valuation depends on the type, reliability and field of data. History In the 21st century, exponential increases in computing power and data storage capabilities (in line with Moore's law) have led to a proliferation of big data, machine learning and other data analysis techniques. Businesses increasingly adapt these techniques and technologies to pursue data-driven strategies to create new business models. Traditional accounting techniques used to value organizations were developed in an era before high-volume data capture and analysis became widespread and focused on tangible assets (machinery, equipment, capital, property, materials etc.), ignoring data assets. As a result, accounting calculations often ignore data and leave its value off organizations' balance sheets. Notably, in the wake of the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center in 2001, a number of businesses lost significant amounts of data. They filed claims with their insurance companies for the value of information that was destroyed, but the insurance companies denied the claims, arguing that information did not count as property and therefore was not covered by their policies. A number of organizations and individuals began noticing this and then publishing on the topic of data valuation. Doug Laney, vice president and analyst at Gartner, conducted research on Wall Street valued companies, which found that companies that had become information-centric, treating data as an asset, often had market-to-book values two to three times higher than the norm. On the topic, Laney commented: \"Even as we are in the midst of the Information Age, information simply is not valued by those in the valuation business. However, we believe that, over the next several years, those in the business of valuing corporate investments, including equity analysts, will be compelled to consider a company's wealth of information in properly valuing the company itself.\" In the latter part of the 2010s, the list of most valuable firms in the world (a list traditionally dominated by oil and energy companies) was dominated by data firms – Microsoft, Alphabet, Apple, Amazon and Facebook. Characteristics of data as an asset A 2020 study by the Nuffield Institute at Cambridge University, UK divided the characteristics of data into two categories, economic characteristics and informational characteristics. Economic characteristics Data is non-rival. Multiple people can use data without it being depleted or used up. Data varies in whether it is excludable. Data can be a public good or a club good, depending on what type of information it contains. Some data can reasonably be shared with anyone who desires to access it (e.g., weather data). Other data is limited to particular users and contexts (e.g., administrative data). Data involves externalities. In economics, an externality is the cost or benefit that affects a third party who did not choose to incur that cost or benefit. Data can create positive externalities because when new data is produced,", "title": "Data valuation" }, { "docid": "75519378", "text": "Edward Henry Meyer (January 8, 1927 – April 11, 2023) was an American advertising executive who was CEO and chairman of Grey Global Group from 1970 until his retirement in 2006 following the firm's sale to WPP in 2005 for $1.5 billion. Early life Edward Meyer was born in New York City on January 8, 1927, and grew up on the Upper West Side of Manhattan. He graduated from the Horace Mann School, then enrolled at Cornell University. After a 2-year interruption to join the U.S. Coast Guard during World War II, he graduated from Cornell with a degree in economics in 1949. Early career In 1949, Meyer started in the executive training program in the Bloomingdale's division of Federated Department Stores. He moved into the advertising industry in 1951 with the Biow Company, working on Procter & Gamble's Lava soap account. Grey Advertising Meyer joined Grey Advertising as an account executive in 1956, when the company's revenues were $34 million. He was named president in 1968 and became CEO and chairman in 1970. As CEO was known for needing to known the details about the company's clients. Meyer took a stint as a waiter and shrimp preparer at a Red Lobster in 1988 in order to understand the chain's inner workings. The company then supplied Red Lobster with the tagline, \"For the seafood lover in you.\" In 1966, when Meyer was Executive Vice President overseeing the P&G account, Grey debuted the tagline \"Choosy mothers choose Jif\". Over 35 years, Grey grew to bill $4.2 billion annually and was sold to WPP in 2005. The sale netted Meyer approximately $500 million. The New York Times credited Meyer with building Grey into one of the biggest and most profitable advertising agencies in the industry. As part of the deal, Meyer gave up the CEO and chairman roles of Grey Worldwide in September 2005, then the same titles at Grey Global on December 31, 2006. He retired in 2006 after 36 years leading the company. Due to his influential tenure at the firm, the New York Times and the Washington Post called Meyer \"the Rupert Murdoch or Sumner Redstone of Madison Avenue\". Philanthropy Meyer and his wife Sandy were large benefactors to Cornell University, his alma mater. The couple bestowed $75 million to Weill Cornell Medicine for the Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center. For his 2014 donation, he was named to Weill's board of directors. In 2011, he donated $4 million to Cornell University for the Edward H. Meyer Professorship of Economics. In 2015, the Meyers endowed the Sandra and Edward Meyer Professor of Cancer Research. References 1927 births 2023 deaths American advertising executives 20th-century American Jews Cornell University alumni People from the Upper West Side", "title": "Edward H. Meyer" }, { "docid": "68559983", "text": "This list represents accounting firms of Bangladesh. In Bangladesh, there are many accounting firms. People of Bangladesh call accounting firm generally as \"CA firm\" or \"audit firm\". Origin of accounting firm in Bangladesh starts from 1972 but it has roots in Pakistan, or even in British period. In that time there were some accountant firm. In present there are many accounting firms in Bangladesh. List of accounting firms Islam Quazi Shafique & Co. (Established in 1998) A. Qasem & Co. (Established in 1953, Known as ECOVIS Bangladesh) A. Wahab & Co. (Established in 1968) ACNABIN Chartered Accountants (Established in 1985) G Kibria & co. (Established in 1983) Hoda Vasi Chowdhury & Co. (Established in 1963, Successor firm of A. F. Ferguson & Co. and former correspondent firm to Deloitte Touche & Tohmatsu up to 2013) Howladar Yunus & Co. (Established in 1970, Known as Grant Thornton Bangladesh) Hussain Farhad & Co. (Established in 1997) Islam Aftab Kamrul & Co. (Established in 1993) KM Hasan & Co. (Established in 1984) Kazi Zahir Khan & Co. (Established in 1980) Khan Wahab Shafique Rahman & Co. (Established in 1968) M.J. Abedin & Co. (Established in 1965) M.M. Rahman & Co. (Established in 1958) MABS & J Partners (Established in 1979) Masih Muhith Haque & Co. (Established in 1985, Known as RSM Bangladesh) Nurul Faruk Hasan & Co. (Established in 1989, Known as Deloitte Bangladesh) Octokhan Chartered Accountants Rahman Mostafa Alam & Co.< (Established in 1986) Rahman Rahman Huq (Established in 1962, Known as KPMG Bangladesh) S.K. Barua & Co. (Established in 1985) S.F. Ahmed & Co. (Established in 1958, Former big4 [EY Bangladesh] now Known as HLB International) Toha Khan Zaman & Co. (Established in 1992) Zoha Zaman Kabir Rashid & Co. (Established in 1978) A. Hogue & Co. (Established in 1986) A. Matin & Co. (Establidhed in 1991) Ahmed Zaker & Co. (Established in 1979) Ahsan Kamal Sadeq & Co. Ahsan Manzur & Co. (Established in 1984) Anil Salam Idris & Co. Anisur Rahman & Co. ARTISAN & Co. Ashraf Uddin & Co. (Established in 1979) Atik Khaled Chowdhury & Co. (Established in 1999) Aziz Halim Khair Choudhury & Co. (Established in 1979) Basu Banerjee Nath & Co. (Established in 1933) Chowdhury Bhattacharjee & Co. (Established in 1985) Das Chowdhury Dutta & Co. (Established in 1986) FAMES & R. Hague Shah Alam Mansur & Co. Hogue Bhattacharjee Das & Co. (Ej stablished in 2013) Huda Hossain & Co. KM Alam & Co. (Established in 1967) MA Fazal & Co. MI Chowdhury & Co. (Established in 1985) MZ Islam & Co. (Established in 1998) Mahfel Huq & Co. (Established in 1974) Mak & Co. (Established in 2014) Malek Siddiqui Wali Chartered Accountants (Established in 1966) Mohammad Ata Karim & Co. Mollah Quader Yusuf & Co. (Established in 1988) Muhammad Shaheedullah & Co. Habib Sarwar Bhuiyan & Co. (Established in 1993, Known as Affilica International) Pinaki & Company (Established in 1978) S.R. Islam & Co. (Established in 1978) Rahman Mustafiz Haq & Co. (Established", "title": "List of accounting firms in Bangladesh" }, { "docid": "35850916", "text": "The Big Six were the United Kingdom's largest retail suppliers of gas and electricity, who dominated the market following liberalisation in the late 1990s. By 2002, six companies – British Gas, EDF Energy, E.ON, RWE npower, Scottish Power and SSE – had emerged from the 15 former incumbent monopoly suppliers (the 14 regional public electricity suppliers and British Gas). In 2008, the Big Six still had over 99% of domestic and small business customers. They were vertically integrated in electricity, owning sufficient generation capacity to supply all their customers; while in gas, only Centrica (British Gas) owned production facilities. By the third quarter of 2019, after efforts by the regulator Ofgem to promote competition, their combined share in Great Britain was 70% for electricity supply and 69% for gas. The purchase of SSE's retail business in January 2020 by OVO Energy, a competitor founded in 2009, marked the end of the original Big Six. The companies Source: 2014–2016 competition investigation In June 2014, energy market regulator Ofgem referred the energy industry to the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA). The authority investigated the \"six large energy firms\" and published its report in June 2016. For the retail market, the report recommended: Removal of the requirement imposed by the 2014 Retail Market Review that limited suppliers to offering no more than four tariffs Establishment by Ofgem of a database of customers who have been on a \"standard variable tariff\" for three years or more, which competitors could use to contact those customers A temporary price cap for customers on prepayment meters Measures to support price comparison websites in the energy market. Consolidation to Big Five In 2017, SSE and Npower announced a merger of their retail businesses, but this was scrapped in 2018. Just after the failed SSE-Npower merger in late 2018, it was reported that a consolidation to the Big Five would still occur, as Npower would be acquired by default by E.ON due to the already-planned asset swap by the respective German parents, Innogy and E.ON. This was completed in 2019. Alternatives to the Big Six In December 2014, Utility Warehouse, part of FTSE 250-listed company Telecom Plus became the UK's biggest independent energy supplier through a £218m deal to buy 770,000 existing customers from npower. In September 2014, First Utility (since rebranded as Shell Energy) announced it was the first independent utility supplier to reach the milestone of 1m customer accounts for gas and electricity – the equivalent of 550,000 customers, which made it the seventh-largest energy supplier in the UK and the country's biggest independent energy provider. In June 2015, a Cornwall Report stated Opus Energy had broken the dominance of the 'Big Six' energy suppliers in the business market. The Competition and Markets Authority published an investigation into the energy supply market in June 2016, following a referral by Ofgem in June 2014. The report identified 34 suppliers of both electricity and gas to households, and described the three largest suppliers outside the Big Six as \"mid-tier", "title": "Big Six energy suppliers" }, { "docid": "26450106", "text": "Personal Foul: A First-Person Account of the Scandal That Rocked the NBA is an autobiography written by former National Basketball Association (NBA) referee Tim Donaghy and published by Florida-based VTi-Group, Inc. in December 2009. Donaghy, who had resigned from the league as a central figure in the 2007 NBA betting scandal, describes his involvement in and inner workings of the scandal, as well as his gambling addiction. Originally named Blowing the Whistle: The Culture of Fraud in the NBA, the book was canceled by publisher Triumph Books because of liability concerns. Pat Berdan, Donaghy's liaison with Triumph, said the book was canceled after the NBA threatened legal action—which the NBA denies. Donaghy eventually found a new publisher, VTi-Group, that was willing to release his book. It was subsequently renamed Personal Foul: A First-Person Account of the Scandal That Rocked the NBA and released in December 2009. \"We approached Mr. Donaghy after learning that his original publishing deal fell through. With a background in web media and traditional publishing, Mr. Donaghy felt that our firm was the best fit to become the publisher for this unique project.\" said Benjamin Daniel, a project manager at VTi. In the book, Donaghy describes his time as a referee in the CBA and NBA, discussing the NBA's inner workings, refereeing bias, TV media markets, owners in the NBA, marriage and divorce, NBA \"scandals\" (NBA favoring big-market teams, manipulating playoffs to extend to Game 7, star player privileges and so forth), his time in jail, court process, solving the NBA's problems, referee personalities, and his life story. References NBA controversies Sports autobiographies Basketball books 2009 non-fiction books", "title": "Personal Foul (book)" }, { "docid": "66289118", "text": "Greensill Capital was a financial services company based in the United Kingdom and Australia. It focused on the provision of supply chain financing and related services. The company was founded in 2011 by Lex Greensill. It filed for insolvency protection on 8 March 2021. History The firm was founded in 2011, with an initial focus on supply-chain finance. The company had since diversified its revenue streams, offering conventional banking services through a German subsidiary, Greensill Bank (de), the offering of bonds based on debt it has purchased, and through funds managed with partner organisations including Credit Suisse. American private equity firm General Atlantic invested $250 million in Greensill in 2018. In 2018 Greensill was subject to extended media coverage and a call from British City grandee Lord Myners for a formal investigation of the company's involvement in scandal at Anglo-Swiss asset manager GAM. In early 2019, Softbank invested $800 million in the company through its Vision Fund. This investment allowed Greensill to expand quickly, increasing its employee headcount from 500 at 2019's close to over 1000 in early 2021, located in sixteen offices. Due to the Softbank investment, the firm delayed considering other fundraising options such as an initial public offering. By late 2020, the firm had begun pursuing other investors, aiming to raise between $500 and $600 million and to subsequently complete an IPO within two years. In order to achieve its goal, the company agreed with an order by its board to sell all four of its planes, which included a Gulfstream 650. In late 2020, Greensill began a search for a new auditor after growing too large for the firm's then auditor, Saffery Champness. KPMG, Deloitte, members of the Big Four, and smaller accounting firm BDO all declined to become Greensill's new auditor. Activities According to its court filings, Greensill had three main businesses: supply chain financing (also called \"reverse factoring\"), accounts receivables financing (also known as \"factoring\") and a practice Greensill called \"future accounts receivables finance\". In traditional factoring, a firm will sell the invoices it has issued to clients to a third party; the third party then collects the money owed from those clients. In reverse factoring, a third party (in this case, Greensill) instead pays debts owed by a company to its suppliers at a slight discount, but much more quickly than the original company would have. The third party later receives payment from the company. \"Future accounts receivables finance\" consists in the lending of money to a company before a sale has been made, based on the expectation of future sales and future payments. Because future accounts receivables finance is based on prospective — and thus uncertain — payments, it is considered to be a risky activity. Though banks have typically conducted supply chain financing, regulation and capital restrictions targeting them have made such loans less profitable. This regulatory trend has in part led to the emergence of Greensill and other similar firms as they do not face the same level of regulatory", "title": "Greensill Capital" }, { "docid": "58216", "text": "An accountant is a practitioner of accounting or accountancy. Accountants who have demonstrated competency through their professional associations' certification exams are certified to use titles such as Chartered Accountant, Chartered Certified Accountant or Certified Public Accountant, or Registered Public Accountant. Such professionals are granted certain responsibilities by statute, such as the ability to certify an organization's financial statements, and may be held liable for professional misconduct. Non-qualified accountants may be employed by a qualified accountant, or may work independently without statutory privileges and obligations. Cahan & Sun (2015) used archival study to find out that accountants' personal characteristics may exert a very significant impact during the audit process and further influence audit fees and audit quality. Practitioners have been portrayed in popular culture by the stereotype of the humorless, introspective bean-counter. It has been suggested that the stereotype has an influence on those attracted to the profession with many new entrants underestimating the importance of communication skills and overestimating the importance of numeracy in the role. An accountant may either be hired for a firm that requires accounting services on a continuous basis, or may belong to an accounting firm that provides accounting consulting services to other firms. The Big Four auditors are the largest employers of accountants worldwide. However, most accountants are employed in commerce, industry, and the public sector. Commonwealth of Nations In the Commonwealth of Nations, which include the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Hong Kong pre-1997, and several other states, commonly recognised accounting qualifications are Chartered Certified Accountant (ACCA), Chartered Accountant (CA or ACA), Certified Management Accountant (Institute of Certified Management Accountants) (CMA), Chartered Management Accountant (ACMA) and International Accountant (AAIA). Other qualifications in particular countries include Certified Public Accountant (CPA – Ireland and CPA – Hong Kong), Chartered Professional Accountant (CPA – Canada), Certified Management Accountant (Institute of Certified Management Accountants\|CMA – Australia) (CMA – Sri Lanka), Certified Practising Accountant (CPA – Australia) and members of the Institute of Public Accountants (Australia), and Certified Public Practising Accountant (CPPA – New Zealand). The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Scotland (ICAS) received its Royal Charter in 1854 and is the world's first professional body of accountants. United Kingdom and Ireland A Chartered Accountant must be a member of one of the following: the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales (ICAEW) (designatory letters ACA or FCA) the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Scotland (ICAS) (designatory letters CA) Chartered Accountants Ireland (CAI) a recognised equivalent body from another Commonwealth country (designatory letters being CA (name of country) e.g. CA (Australia)) A Chartered Certified Accountant must be a member of the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (designatory letters ACCA or FCCA). A Chartered Management Accountant must be a member of the Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (designatory letters ACMA or FCMA). A Chartered Public Finance Accountant must be a member of the Chartered Institute of Public Finance and Accountancy (designatory letters CPFA). An International Accountant is a member of the Association of International Accountants (designatory letters AAIA", "title": "Accountant" }, { "docid": "25422453", "text": "Peter Redmond Scanlon (February 13, 1931 – December 3, 2009) was the chairman and chief executive officer of Coopers & Lybrand, one of the Big Eight auditors, from 1982 to 1991. At a time when other accounting firms were merging, Scanlon kept Coopers & Lybrand independent and grew it through expansion rather than mergers. Biography Peter Redmond Scanlon was born on February 13, 1931, in the Bronx, the son of Loretta Ryan and John Scanlon Jr., who owned an insurance company, but who died when Scanlon was only 9. After high school, Scanlon attended Iona College, receiving a bachelor's degree in accounting in 1952. Upon graduation, Scanlon took a job at Lybrand, Ross Brothers & Montgomery (which would later merge with Cooper Brothers & Co. in 1957 to form Coopers & Lybrand). He served in the United States Navy during the Korean War, returning to the firm when he had completed his four years of service. He was elected as a partner in 1966, and then rose through the ranks throughout the 1970s, serving as managing partner of the New York office, managing partner for the New York region, and vice-chairman of domestic operations. In 1982, Scanlon was elected as chairman and CEO of Coopers & Lybrand for the first of three terms. Scanlon was criticized in some quarters because of his refusal to participate in the \"mergers mania\" of the 1980s. However, Coopers & Lybrand were able to take advantage of the mergers going on in the industry to attract international affiliates who had grown disaffected with their parent firms. Scanlon's tenure as chairman and CEO was one of growth and profitability for Coopers & Lybrand. Scanlon brought in several new clients, most notably SmithKline Beckman and Unilever. In 1991, his last year at the firm, Coopers & Lybrand earned $261 million in profits on $1.5 billion in revenue. Scanlon's involvement in the community included serving as a trustee for Iona College, The Economic Club of New York, The Catholic University of America, and the Gregorian University. He also served on the visiting committees of the MIT Sloan School of Management and The Conference Board. He was a Knight of Malta and a Knight of the Holy Sepulchre. He received several honors from his alma mater, Iona College, including an honorary LL.D. In 1991, Scanlon retired and settled in Florida. He died of cancer on December 3, 2009, in Jupiter, Florida. References 1931 births 2009 deaths Iona University alumni American accountants American chief executives of financial services companies Catholic University of America trustees Knights of the Holy Sepulchre Knights of Malta", "title": "Peter Scanlon (businessman)" }, { "docid": "6416532", "text": "Sibs is an American sitcom broadcast by ABC from September 17, 1991 until April 29, 1992. The series chronicled the relationship of three sisters, and the support the youngest two especially needed from their eldest married sister. Sibs was created by Heide Perlman and executive produced by Perlman, James L. Brooks and Sam Simon, all of whom had been showrunners of Fox's The Tracey Ullman Show. The series was backed by Brooks' Gracie Films company and Columbia Pictures Television. Synopsis Sibs starred Marsha Mason as Nora Ruscio, a successful accountant and Alex Rocco as her long-suffering husband, Howie. The source of most of Howie's frustration was his wife's younger sisters (the siblings, or \"sibs\", of the title), Audie (Margaret Colin) and Lily (Jami Gertz). Audie was a real estate agent and hence almost unemployed in the era's weak market; she was also recovering from a recent bout of alcoholism. Lily had just been dumped by her boyfriend, who had fled to Germany without her, and had a host of other problems. Both sisters brought all of their problems to Nora, continuing a pattern that had apparently begun when they were all children. In the beginning of the pilot, Nora was distraught after just having learned that the head of her accounting firm had died. Nora's late boss had left the firm to his boorish, whiny nephew Warren Morris (Dan Castellaneta), who was another ongoing character. Shortly after inheriting his uncle's firm, Warren had fired Nora, only to learn that she was the one most of the client base had trusted, and that most of them left with her. He was now unemployed and constantly begging Nora for a job. The original title proposed for the series was Grown-ups. Cast Marsha Mason as Nora Ruscio Alex Rocco as Howie Ruscio Jami Gertz as Lily Dan Castellaneta as Warren Morris Margaret Colin as Audie Episodes Broadcast Sibs premiered as a preview telecast on Tuesday, September 17, 1991 at 9:30/8:30c, utilizing a lead-in from Roseanne and airing one hour after the series premiere of Home Improvement. The following night, the show began airing in its regular Wednesday 9:30/8:30c time period, kicking off the latter half of the three-hour Wednesday comedy block that ABC was promoting as The Hump. Ultimately, Sibs had very little appeal to a mass audience, and garnered weak ratings in its first month on the air. The series' low ratings adversely affected the shows that followed it, Anything but Love and Good & Evil, another freshman comedy, which, in its own right, was struggling due to its 10:30/9:30c scheduling and controversy over its storylines. Sibs was put on hiatus in late October 1991 as the three-hour sitcom block was discontinued (Anything but Love moved into Sibs''' time slot, while Good & Evil was canceled). The remaining episodes were aired by ABC in April and May of 1992, on Tuesdays at 9:30/8:30c (again following Roseanne), and the series was officially canceled during May 1992 upfronts. After cancellation: Related By Birth In", "title": "Sibs" }, { "docid": "11787974", "text": "The software industry in Karnataka state in India has become one of the main pillars of the state's economy. Karnataka stands first among all the states of India in terms of revenue generated from software exports, accounting for 42% share of all software exports from the country during the financial year of 2022-2023. The total exports of Karnataka was Rs 3.28 lakh crore ($65 billion). Karnataka's capital city Bangalore has the sobriquet of Silicon Valley of India, with total IT exports worth US$ 53 billion during the financial year 2021–22, employing 1 000 000 people directly and 3 000 000 lakh indirectly. Though most software companies are located in Bangalore, some have settled in other cities like Mysore, Mangalore, Belgaum and Hubli in Karnataka. The infrastructure required for setting up software industries in Karnataka is provided by STPI. The software industry in Karnataka includes companies dealing with various fields like telecommunication, banking software, avionics, database, automotive, networking, semiconductors, mobile handsets, internet applications and business process outsourcing. Currently, out of total IT exports, 95% is from Bengaluru alone and the other Karnataka cities contribute just 5%. The Nandi Hills area on the outskirts of Devanahalli is the site of the upcoming $22 billion, BIAL IT Investment Region, one of the largest infrastructure projects in the history of Karnataka. This project is expected to create over four million jobs by the year 2030. Origin Starting in the 1980s, Karnataka emerged as the information technology capital of the country. A total of 1973 companies in Karnataka are involved in Information Technology related business including big firms like Infosys and Wipro who have their headquarters in Bangalore. The origin of the growth of the software industry in Karnataka seems to have been the entry of Texas Instruments which was the first multinational to set up base in Sona Tower, Millers Road, Bangalore in 1985.Texas Instruments was searching for a location to set up their overseas development centre in India in the early 1980s. They first looked at the states of Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu but when both states refused permission, Karnataka was approached with a condition that land allotted must be near an airport. The then chief minister of Karnataka Gundu Rao agreed to their terms and granted land near the HAL Airport in Bangalore. Texas Instruments currently has a big facility in Bagmane Tech Park in Bangalore near the airport. There were many factors conducive to the development of the software industry in Karnataka state. One factor is the presence of large numbers of top grade science and engineering institutions like IISc, NITK, B.M.S. College of Engineering, BVB, Malnad College of Engineering MSRIT, NIE, SJCE, RVCE, PESIT, SDMCET and around 200 engineering colleges. The software industry requires large numbers of skilled engineers which are regularly churned out of the engineering colleges in Karnataka. The presence of Public sector undertakings like BEL, HAL, BHEL, ITI and BEML gave ready access to manpower as well as trial opportunities of newly developed software. There were many", "title": "Software industry in Karnataka" }, { "docid": "23310488", "text": "Up or out, also known as a tenure or partnership system, is the requirement for members of a hierarchical organization to achieve a certain rank within a certain period of time. If they fail to do so, they must leave the organization. Examples Private sector \"Up or out\" is practiced throughout the accounting industry in North America, most notably at the Big Four accounting firms, which also practice this policy in their branches in other countries. Up or out is also practiced in the investment banking industry, where third year analysts and third year associates who will not be promoted are asked to leave the bank. The management consulting industry also practices up or out, where it is commonly regarded as a sign of the industry's \"hard-nosed approach to doing business\" with Bain & Co and McKinsey & Company being the two consultancies most closely associated with the approach. According to Leslie Perlow, up or out is also employed at Boston Consulting Group. Among many other law firms, Cravath, Swaine & Moore's so-called \"Cravath System\" historically expected associate lawyers to achieve partner status within ten years of being hired or to leave the firm. U.S. entrepreneur Vivek Wadhwa has argued that engineering in Silicon Valley is also \"an 'up or out' profession: you either move up the ladder or face unemployment\". Military In the U.S. military, the 1980 Defense Officer Personnel Management Act mandates that officers passed over twice for promotion are required to be discharged from the military. It has been criticized as \"arbitrary and bad management\" that forces out \"many fit, experienced officers... because there were only so many slots into which they could be promoted.\" Paul V. Kane, a Marine veteran of Iraq War and a former fellow at Harvard Kennedy School, argued in 2009 that the \"archaic 'up or out' military promotion system should be scrapped.\" High Year of Tenure is a similar system applied to enlisted ranks. Manning control within the British Army plays a similar role. Diplomacy The United States Foreign Service has used an up-or-out system since 1980. The American Foreign Service Association, the professional organization for foreign service officers, has criticized the system on the grounds that it penalizes otherwise-dedicated officers who do not wish to enter Senior Foreign Service. Academia Tenure-track professors in the United States are usually subject to an up-or-out system. Newly hired professors, most often with the rank of assistant professor, must impress their department with their accomplishments to be awarded tenure, usually but not always combined with promotion to associate professor. Those not awarded tenure within a fixed time may be terminated. This first promotion may be required for tenure and further promotions are neither guaranteed nor necessary. Discussion Despite widespread use in certain industries, a 1988 textbook by Michael Jensen noted that the system's effects on productivity have not been studied in depth. See also Forced ranking Lifetime employment Mandatory retirement Peter principle References Human resource management", "title": "Up or out" }, { "docid": "3752752", "text": "The Altino Arantes Building (), also known as the Banespa Building (in Portuguese: Edifício do Banespa) and most popularly by Banespão (big Banespa), is an important Art Deco skyscraper located in São Paulo, Brazil. History The building was the headquarters of the Bank of the State of São Paulo (Banespa), and was constructed between 1939 and 1947. It remained the tallest building of the city for two decades until being surpassed by the Mirante do Vale. Soon after its completion in the 1940s, it was named the world's largest structure of reinforced concrete. It was designed by Plínio Botelho do Amaral, who was inspired by the Empire State Building and Frank Lloyd Wright. Its panoramic view of the center of São Paulo and its outskirts attract thousands of visitors. After its foundation in 1909, the Banespa underwent a period of substantial expansion and needed a larger headquarters. The first place chosen for such purpose was in Ramos de Azevedo Square, a place distant from the São Paulo's banking district near São Bento and XV de Novembro streets. Determined to move to an area of more economic prominence, the bank made an agreement with the Santa Casa de Misericórdia to purchase a building that they would demolish to construct a new headquarters on João Brícola street. The project was held in the account of the engineer and architect Plinio Botelho do Amaral, but was adapted by the contracting firm Camargo & Mesquita, who wanted to construct something similar to the Empire State Building. Construction began on 19 September 1939. After almost 8 years, the building was inaugurated on 27 June 1947, as São Paulo's tallest, being 161.22 meters in height. It remained São Paulo's tallest skyscraper for nearly 20 years. In the time of inauguration it was also tallest skyscraper outside United States. During much time the building was easily identifiable due to the luminous signboard that shone from its roof. In the following year a French magazine called it the biggest structure of reinforced concrete in the world, as many big buildings (including the Empire State Building, which at the time was the world's tallest) were constructed with metal. In the decade of the 1960s the building's name was changed to \"Edifício Altino Arantes\", an homage to the first Brazilian president of the bank, Altino Arantes Marques. Since then, the building has not undergone any significant external alterations, even after the 2000 sale of Banespa to the Spanish financial group Banco Santander Central Hispano. In 2011, Condephaat listed the building as a municipal heritage site. The building was closed for public visitation in 2015 and underwent an internal renovation, reopening on 26 January 2018, as a cultural and entertainment center named Farol Santander. Statistics The building has 35 floors, is 161.22 meters tall and 17,951 square meters in area, and has 14 elevators, 900 steps and 1,119 windows. For 20 years, it was the tallest building in São Paulo. In 1948, it was considered to be the biggest reinforced concrete", "title": "Altino Arantes Building" }, { "docid": "43630234", "text": "Wealthfront Inc. is an automated investment service firm based in Palo Alto, California, founded by Andy Rachleff and Dan Carroll in 2008. , Wealthfront had $50 billion AUM across 700,000 accounts. History Wealthfront was founded by Benchmark co-founders Andy Rachleff and Dan Carroll in 2008 as kaChing, a mutual fund analysis company, before pivoting into wealth management. Rachleff was the firm's founding CEO. In December 2012, the firm started tax-loss harvesting for accounts of more than $100,000. The company started 2013 with $97 million in assets under management and grew by 450% in one year. In 2013, Wealthfront introduced \"direct indexing\", a tax-loss harvesting platform that purchases the individual securities of an investment portfolio. Between January 2014 and October 2016, Adam Nash was Wealthfront's CEO. Founder Andy Rachleff retook the role in 2016. In 2016, Wealthfront launched a partnership with the state of Nevada to launch a 529 tax-advantaged college savings plan. In the previous year, Nevada passed approval on a new tax credit for employers who provide fund matching to employees participating in 529 savings programs. Andy Rachleff is currently the executive chairman and chief executive officer. In January 2018, Wealthfront launched homeownership planning tool for Path. In January 2020, Wealthfront was listed in Business Insider's Top 10 Best Robo Advisors in 2020. In January 2022, UBS agreed to acquire Wealthfront for $1.4 billion. The acquisition was mutually terminated in September 2022 with both companies not providing a reason. UBS announced that it would instead invest in a $69.7million note convertible into Wealthfront shares, valuing the latter at its acquisition price. Cash account In February 2019, Wealthfront introduced a cash account, a high interest savings account. The cash account has an interest rate that tracks the federal funds rate, is FDIC insured up to $8 million, and has an account minimum of $1. Wealthfront is able to offer the $8 million FDIC insurance because it deposits its clients' cash account funds in a network of partner banks including Citibank, HSBC, and Wells Fargo. In June 2020, Wealthfront added checking features to this account including direct deposit, bill pay, and ATM access. The cash account was originally available only to clients with an existing investment account. In August 2020, Wealthfront made the cash account generally available. Fee structure Wealthfront charges an advisory fee of 0.25% on funds it invests for its clients. Only investment accounts are charged this fee (cash accounts are not). Wealthfront periodically offers a fee waiver of $5,000 if clients sign-up from affiliate links. Additionally, clients can earn a $5,000 fee waiver for new client referrals; the new client must start using the service, and the fee waiver will be eliminated if the new client leaves the service. Both the referrer and the referee receive the $5,000 fee waiver. Wealthfront's investment account minimum is $500. Finances The company has received funding from Benchmark Capital, DAG Ventures, Index Ventures, Social Capital and individuals, including Marc Andreessen and Jeff Jordan. In April 2014, Wealthfront raised $35 million in a", "title": "Wealthfront" }, { "docid": "18949816", "text": "The Canadian Public Accountability Board (CPAB) () is a national body, organized by the Canadian Securities Administrators (CSA), that oversees Canadian accounting firms that perform auditing work. Formation The CPAB was formed in 2003 as part of Canada's response to the occurrence of accounting scandals that were happening worldwide, such as at Enron and Worldcom. It was different in approach from the Sarbanes-Oxley Act adopted in the United States. In 2016, its CEO stated that the Board \"encourages a more holistic approach to better understand the root causes of lapses in audit quality,\" in contrast to that taken by the US Public Company Accounting Oversight Board. The CSA have specified that a \"reporting issuer\" (i.e., a publicly traded company) must have its financial statements audited by a \"participating audit firm,\" being one that has entered into a participation agreement with the CPAB which has not been terminated. Its authority is reinforced through legislation passed at the provincial level, of which Ontario has passed the most extensive example. Scope 164 Canadian and 133 foreign firms have entered into participation agreements with the CPAB. These firms audit approximately 4,000 reporting issuers and 3,000 investment funds. Of these firms, fourteen are inspected annually, of which the Big Four account for 98% of total market capitalization on Canadian markets, and the other 10 large firms account for a further 1.5%. The other firms are subject to inspection on a triennial basis. Governance The CPAB has two governing bodies. The Council of Governors consists of six members: the Superintendent of Financial Institutions, the Chair of the Ontario Securities Commission, the Chair of the Autorité des marchés financiers, the Chair of the Canadian Securities Administrators, a Governor selected by the CSA, and public accountant that has audit oversight regulatory experience, selected by the other five. In turn, the Council appoints the Board of Directors, who are responsible for supervising the activities of the organization. Deficiencies and controversies A 2007-8 review by CPAB of financial statements audited by the Big Six firms revealed that of 130 audit files examined, 11 were found to have deficiencies. In 2011, the Board raised concerns that auditors only reacted when issues were raised by its inspectors, and that they were not taking proactive measures to improve the quality of their work. The report also noted that the same findings were being noted year after year, and that the majority of deficiencies related to basic audit procedures. Little progress was seen to have occurred in 2012, and a low level of professional skepticism was still seen as a major issue in 2013. In 2012, CPAB released a review it conducted of work done by Canadian audit firms with Chinese clients. It found flaws in 12 of the 24 companies examined, and barred one auditor from doing such work until it upgraded its procedures. This was significant, as, in 2011, 56 companies from China and other parts of Asia were listed on the TSX or TSX Venture Exchange, many getting their listings through", "title": "Canadian Public Accountability Board" }, { "docid": "1607339", "text": "Shyster (; also spelled schiester, scheister, etc.) is a slang word for someone who acts in a disreputable, unethical, or unscrupulous way, especially in the practice of law, sometimes also politics or economics. Etymology The etymology of the word is not generally agreed upon. The Oxford English Dictionary describes it as \"of obscure origin\", possibly deriving from a historical sense of \"shy\" meaning disreputable. The Merriam-Webster Dictionary deemed it probably based on the German Scheißer (literally \"shitter\", i.e. \"defecator\"). A book published in 2013 traces the first use back to 1843, when scammers in New York City would exploit prisoners by pretending to be lawyers. These scammers were disparagingly referred to as \"shisers\", meaning \"worthless people\" in British slang, which in turn was originally derived from the German \"Scheißer\". Various etymologies have suggested an antisemitic origin, possibly associated with the character of Shylock from Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice, but there is no clear evidence for this. One source asserts that the term originated in Philadelphia in 1843 from a disreputable attorney named \"Schuster.\" The United Kingdom's Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) ruled that while \"some viewers may find the term distasteful,\" a television advertisement that used the term in a derogatory context did not cause \"cause serious or widespread offence\" according to the CAP Code. When contacted by the ASA, the Board of Deputies of British Jews stated that they did not have concerns with the advertisement's content. Cultural references U.S. professional wrestler Mike Rotunda, using the ring name Irwin R. Schyster (abbreviated to \"I.R.S.\") portrayed a dishonest tax collector and accountant. Sylvester Shyster, a Walt Disney cartoon character introduced in 1930, is a disbarred attorney who schemes to deprive Minnie Mouse of her inheritance; and in many comic serials by Floyd Gottfredson (his creator) he appeared scheming with Peg-leg Pete The 1932/33 radio show Flywheel, Shyster, and Flywheel, starring Groucho and Chico Marx, depicts the misadventures of a small law firm. In The Wire episode Backwash, Maui pranks his fellow stevedore Ziggy, pretending to be a law firm informing him that a woman he's had sexual relations with is now pregnant. When Ziggy's cousin Nick calls back, the phone number leads to Maui's cell phone, which he answers with \"Shyster, Shyster & Shyster.\" Lionel Hutz is also an example of a lawyer who was repeatedly hired by the Simpsons, despite Marge and Lisa being aware of his reputation and calling him a \"shyster\". He operates out of a small law firm in a mall. The film Big Stan featured Lew Popper who is a shyster lawyer that Stan Minton replaces his lawyer Mal with in an attempt to bribe Judge Perry. Lew does that where Stan is allowed 3 years in Verlaine State Correctional Facility while spending 6 months before incarceration to reorganize his \"charity\". By the end of the film, Lew was arrested and incarcerated at Verlaine State Correctional Facility for having slept with a foreperson of a trial he was recently involved in. Saul Goodman (aka Jimmy", "title": "Shyster" }, { "docid": "30552653", "text": "Mitchell & Titus, LLP is an independent member firm of BDO Alliance USA and the largest accounting firm in the United States owned by a minority social group. Headquartered in New York City, the company provides professional services in assurance, tax, and advisory to Fortune 1000 companies, entrepreneurial enterprises, not-for-profit organizations, financial services firms, government entities, and high-net-worth individuals. Mitchell & Titus maintains six offices across six states in New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, District of Columbia, and Illinois. History Early business Bert N. Mitchell and Robert Titus formed a partnership in 1974, establishing Mitchell & Titus, LLP. In the late 1970s, the firm targeted not-for-profit, community-based organizations receiving federal grants from the Great Society programs. Among the first large not-for-profit clients were the Economic Commission of Nassau County (NY), and Recruitment and Training, Inc. of the A. Philip Randolph Institute. In 1978, Mitchell & Titus broke new ground by pioneering joint venture projects with the then \"Big Eight\" accounting firms. The firm entered a joint venture agreement with KPMG Peat Marwick to conduct New York City's first independent audit. The firm also opened its Washington, D.C. office in 1979 to be better positioned for government contracts. Joint ventures and minority participation contracts attributed to the firm's growth throughout the late 1980s, during the time when the \"Big Eight\" became the \"Big Six\". Relationship with larger accounting networks The relationship with Ernst & Young began in the early 1980s with a joint venture relationship, which included the joint audit of the City of New York for many years. In 1986, Mitchell & Titus established a management consulting division to attract commercial clients and take part in the growing consulting industry. Mitchell & Titus joined Ernst & Young Global Limited as a member firm in 2006; its membership ended effective October 30, 2015. On March 9, 2017, Mitchell Titus joined the BDO Alliance USA, a nationwide association of independently owned local and regional accounting, consulting and service firms under the BDO USA, LLP umbrella. Growth through acquisition Mitchell & Titus enacted an acquisition strategy to grow their client base and presence around the country. 1984 - Acquired New York-based accounting firm Stewart, Benjamin and Brown. 1986 - Acquired Philadelphia-based Leevy, Redcross & Co. 2005 - Acquired New Jersey-based Frye, Williams, & Co. 2009 - Acquired Chicago-based Hill Taylor LLC. 2018 - Acquired Chicago-based Washington, Pittman & McKeever, LLC. References Accounting firms of the United States Companies based in New York City Business services companies established in 1974 Ernst & Young 1974 establishments in New York (state)", "title": "Mitchell & Titus" }, { "docid": "55993644", "text": "The business process outsourcing industry in China including IT and other outsourcing services for onshore and export markets surpassed 1 trillion yuan (about $145 billion) in 2016 according to the Ministry of Commerce (MOC). History The outsourcing industry grew rapidly in the 2000s in China by beginning from an \"embryonic\" scale. IDC, an IT industry consultancy, estimated in 2006 that while outsourcing of IT services was growing at 30% annually, the market size was only $586 million at the end of 2005. Most IT services then were offered to domestic companies with offshore clients concentrated in Japan. By 2016, outsourcing was still growing fast at about 20% annually, driven by \"cloud computing, big data, Internet of things and mobile Internet\" according to Xinhua. IT services IT related services accounted for about half of the US$87 billion in total service outsourcing provided to export markets in 2015. The largest IT outsourcing companies based in China include ChinaSoft and Pactera. One of the largest China-focused outsourcing companies but based in the US is VXI Global. ChinaSoft is backed by Huawei. Pactera was formed in 2012 by the merger of two industry leaders, VanceInfo and HiSoft. VXI Global was acquired in 2016 by the Carlyle Group, a marquee private equity firm, for around US$1 billion. The deal was seen by Dow Jones as \"making a big bet that the future of the outsourcing industry, long associated with India, will be in China.\" Painting Art production is outsourced to China either to mass-produce thousands of paintings or execute original works based on instructions from foreign artists. A center for art outsourcing is Dafen Village in Shenzhen, well known for production of imitations of masterworks, but also home to artists who are commissioned to execute original works. At the high end of the art world, outsourcing to China is practice by Kehinde Wiley, an American portrait painter, who opened a studio in Beijing in 2006. Under Wiley's 4 to 10 helpers do the brushstrokes for his paintings. Cost has been a motivation for outsourcing to China with an art blogger suggesting in 2007 that it allowed those with limited budgets to go from buy posters to oil paintings. Initially, Kehinde Wiley also opened his Beijing studio due to cost sensitivity but by 2012, Wiley told New York magazine that savings costs was no longer the reason for relying on Beijing based-helpers. Global competitiveness China has the world's second largest outsourcing industry, taking up 33% of global market share, according to a news release from the Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China in March 2017. The Business Processing Industry Association of India in March 2017 had concurring figures, assessing that China had second largest outsourcing industry, behind India and ahead of the Philippines. References Industry in China China", "title": "Business process outsourcing in China" }, { "docid": "15342256", "text": "The Financial District is the central business district of Downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It was originally planned as New Town in 1796 as an extension of the Town of York (later the St. Lawrence Ward). It is the main financial district in Toronto and is considered the heart of Canada's finance industry. It is bounded roughly by Queen Street West to the north, Yonge Street to the east, Front Street to the south, and University Avenue to the west, though many office towers in the downtown core have been and are being constructed outside this area, which will extend the general boundaries. Examples of this trend are the Telus Harbour, RBC Centre, and CIBC Square. It is the most densely built-up area of Toronto, home to banking companies, corporate headquarters, high-powered legal and accounting firms, insurance companies and stockbrokers. In turn, the presence of so many decision-makers has brought advertising agencies and marketing companies. The banks have built large office towers, much of whose space is leased to these companies. The bank towers and much else in Toronto's core are connected by a system of underground walkways, known as PATH, which is lined with retail establishments making the area one of Toronto's most important shopping districts. The vast majority of these stores are only open during weekdays during the business day when the financial district is populated. During the evenings and weekends, the walkways remain open but the area is almost deserted and most of the stores are closed. It is estimated 100,000 commuters enter and leave the financial district each working day. Transport links are centred on Union Station at the south end of the financial district, which is the hub of the GO Transit system that provides commuter rail and bus links to Toronto's suburbs. History The district's origins date back to the mid to late-19th century when several early banks had head offices located in Toronto. Most of these banks were regional and came and went. It was not until the second half of the 20th century that the district became a centre for the Big Five Canadian banks. Of the Big Five banks, only CIBC and Toronto-Dominion Bank (including the banks existing before mergers) had full head offices in Toronto: Among the Big Five banks, two of them were established in Toronto, the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce (CIBC), and Toronto-Dominion Bank (TD). CIBC was established in 1961 with the merger of two Toronto-based banks, the Canadian Bank of Commerce and the Imperial Bank of Canada; whereas TD was established in 1955 with the merger of two other Toronto-based banks, the Bank of Toronto and The Dominion Bank. The other three Big Five banks were established outside of Ontario during the 19th century, and moved their headquarters to Toronto in the 20th century. Two of the banks, the Royal Bank of Canada (RBC) and Scotiabank, were established in Halifax. Scotiabank relocated to Toronto in 1931, while RBC relocated its head office to Montreal in 1907, and", "title": "Financial District, Toronto" }, { "docid": "1220329", "text": "Francisco Hernández de Córdoba (; in Córdoba – 1517 in Sancti Spíritus) was a Spanish conquistador, known to history mainly for the ill-fated expedition he led in 1517, in the course of which the first European accounts of the Yucatán Peninsula were compiled. 1517 Expedition Together with some 110 discontented Spanish settlers in early colonial Cuba, Hernández de Córdoba petitioned the governor, Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar, for permission to launch an expedition in search of new lands and exploitable resources. This permission was granted after some haggling over terms, and the expedition consisting of three ships under Hernández de Córdoba's command left the harbor of Santiago de Cuba on February 8, 1517, to explore the shores of southern Mexico. The main pilot was Antón de Alaminos, the premiere navigator of the region who had accompanied Christopher Columbus on his initial voyages; The pilots of the other two ships were Juan Álvarez and Camacho de Triana. During the course of this expedition many of Hernández' men were killed, most during a battle near the town of Champotón against a Maya army. He himself was injured, and died a few days after his return to Cuba. Bernal Díaz del Castillo was a member of the expedition and wrote about his journey. This was the Europeans' first encounter with what they considered an \"advanced civilization\" in the Americas, with solidly built buildings and a complex social organization which they recognized as being comparable to those of the Old World. They also had reason to expect that this new land would have gold. Little is known of Córdoba's life before his exploration of the Yucatán. A native of Spain, he was living in Cuba in 1517, indicating that he had participated in the conquest of the island. He was also quite wealthy, as he both owned a landed estate, including a native town, and financed his expedition to Mexico. Origin of Hernández's expedition Bernal Díaz del Castillo is the chronicler who gives the most detail about the voyage of Hernández de Córdoba; his is also the only first-person account by someone who was present for the entire process. Also, Bernal declares in his chronicle that he had been himself a promoter of the project, together with another hundred or so Spaniards who said they had to \"occupy themselves\". These soldiers and adventurers had been three years now in the newly settled territory of Cuba, many also having moved there from the colony of Castilla del Oro (Tierra Firme, present-day Panama) under its governor Pedrarias Dávila; they complained that \"they hadn't done a single thing worth the telling\". From Bernal Díaz del Castillo's narrative, it appears possible to deduce — possibly against the narrator's own pretences because he would prefer to keep this hidden — that the original goal of the project was to capture Indians as slaves to increase or replace the manpower available to work the agricultural land or the mines of Cuba, and so that the Spaniards resident on the island who", "title": "Francisco Hernández de Córdoba (Yucatán conquistador)" } ]	[ "Peat Marwick Mitchell", "Price Waterhouse", "Touche Ross", "Ernst & Whinney", "Deloitte Haskins & Sells", "Arthur Andersen", "Arthur Young", "Coopers and Lybrand" ]
train_21962	who was serving as president of u.s. 1946	[ { "docid": "573969", "text": "Frederick \"Fred\" Moore Vinson (January 22, 1890 – September 8, 1953) was an American attorney and politician who served as the 13th chief justice of the United States from 1946 until his death in 1953. Vinson was one of the few Americans to have served in all three branches of the U.S. government. Before becoming chief justice, Vinson served as a U.S. Representative from Kentucky from 1924 to 1928 and 1930 to 1938, as a federal appellate judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit from 1938 to 1943, and as the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury from 1945 to 1946. Born in Louisa, Kentucky, Vinson pursued a legal career and served in the U.S. Army during World War I. After the war, he served as the Commonwealth's Attorney for the Thirty-Second Judicial District of Kentucky before winning election to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1924. He lost re-election in 1928 but regained his seat in 1930 and served in Congress until 1937. During his time in Congress, he became an adviser and confidante of Missouri Senator Harry S. Truman. In 1937, President Franklin D. Roosevelt appointed Vinson to be a judge on the D.C. Circuit. Vinson resigned from the appellate court in 1943, when he became the Director of the Office of Economic Stabilization. After Truman acceded to the presidency following Roosevelt's death in 1945, Truman appointed Vinson to the position of Secretary of the Treasury. Vinson negotiated the payment of the Anglo-American loan and presided over the establishment of numerous post-war organizations, including the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (commonly called the World Bank) and the International Monetary Fund. After the death of Chief Justice Harlan F. Stone in 1946, Truman appointed Vinson to the Supreme Court. Vinson dissented in the case of Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer, which ruled against the Truman administration's control of the nation's steel mills during a strike. He ordered a rehearing of the Briggs v. Elliott case, which was eventually combined into the case known as Brown v. Board of Education. As of , Vinson is the last chief justice to have been appointed by a Democratic president. Early years Vinson, known universally as Fred, was born in the newly built, eight-room, red brick house in front of the Lawrence County jail in Louisa, Kentucky, where his father served as the Lawrence County Jailer. As a child he would help his father in the jail and even made friends with prisoners who would remember his kindness when he later ran for public office. Vinson worked odd jobs while in school. He graduated from Kentucky Normal School in 1909 and enrolled at Centre College, where he graduated at the top of his class with a Bachelor of Arts degree. While at Centre, he was a member of the Kentucky Alpha Delta chapter of Phi Delta Theta fraternity. He received a Bachelor of Laws from the now defunct College of Law. He entered private practice", "title": "Fred M. Vinson" }, { "docid": "1276293", "text": "John James \"Whispering Willie\" Williams (May 17, 1904 – January 11, 1988) was an American businessman and politician from Millsboro, Delaware. He was a member of the Republican Party and served four terms as U.S. senator from Delaware from 1947 to 1970. Early life and family Williams was born on a farm near Frankford, Sussex County, Delaware, the ninth of eleven children. In 1922, he moved to Millsboro, where he and his brother Preston established the Millsboro Feed Company, a livestock and poultry feed business. John Williams married Elsie Steele in 1924; they remained married until his death 64 years later. In 1946, he served on the Millsboro Town Council. United States Senate Williams was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1946, defeating incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator James M. Tunnell. During this term, he served in the Republican majority in the 80th Congress, but was in the minority in the 81st and 82nd Congresses. He was elected to a second term in 1952, defeating Democrat Alexis I. du Pont Bayard, and once again served in the Republican majority in the 83rd Congress, but returned to the minority in the 84th and 85th Congresses. Williams was elected to a third term in 1958 and a fourth term in 1964, both times defeating Democrat Elbert N. Carvel, who at the time of the 1964 election was Governor of Delaware. During these terms Williams served in the Republican minority in the 86th through the 91st Congresses. In all, he served for 24 years, from January 3, 1947, until December 31, 1970, when he resigned just before the end of his fourth term. He served during the administrations of U.S. presidents Harry S. Truman, Dwight D. Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson, and Richard M. Nixon. Williams was Delaware's first four-term U.S. senator. In the Senate, Williams established himself as an opponent of wasteful government bureaucracy. A proponent of free markets, he objected to President Truman's continuation of many New Deal and World War II policies. Williams supported tax cuts, opposed the continuation of price controls, and suggested the federal budget could be balanced by slashing one million federal jobs he felt were unnecessary after the Great Depression and World War II. From 1947 through 1948, Williams worked to root out corruption in the Internal Revenue Service, exposing the illegal activities of two hundred employees of the Treasury Department. In October 1963, at a time when President Kennedy was pondering the future of his vice president, Lyndon Johnson, Williams exposed corruption in the office of U.S. Senate aide Bobby Baker, Johnson's protégé. Williams did not sign the 1956 Southern Manifesto, and voted in favor of the Civil Rights Acts of 1957, 1960, and 1964, as well as the 24th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and the confirmation of Thurgood Marshall to the U.S. Supreme Court, but voted against the Civil Rights Act of 1968. Williams was the distinctive 67th vote in favor of ending the filibuster of", "title": "John J. Williams (politician)" }, { "docid": "794218", "text": "The World War II Victory Medal is a service medal of the United States military which was established by an Act of Congress on 6 July 1945 (Public Law 135, 79th Congress) and promulgated by Section V, War Department Bulletin 12, 1945. The World War I Victory Medal is the corresponding medal from World War I. History The World War II Victory Medal was established by an Act of Congress on 6 July 1945 (Public Law 135, 79th Congress) and promulgated by Section V, War Department Bulletin 12, 1945. The medal was designed by Thomas H. Jones and approved by the Secretary of War on 5 February 1946. Consequently, it did not transition from a ribbon to a full medal until after World War II had ended. The World War II Victory Medal was first issued as a service ribbon, referred to as the \"Victory Ribbon.\" The Congressional authorization for the medal specified that it was to be awarded to any member of the United States military, including members of the armed forces of the Government of the Philippine Islands, who served on active duty, or as a reservist, between 7 December 1941 and 2 September 1945. On 8 August 1946, the separate Merchant Marine World War II Victory Medal was established for members of the United States Merchant Marine who served during World War II. Criteria The World War II Victory Medal was awarded for service between 7 December 1941 and 31 December 1946, both dates inclusive, with no minimum time in service requirement. The National Personnel Records Center has reported some cases of service members receiving the award for only a few days of service. As hostilities during the Second World War ended on 2 September 1945, there may be cases of service members who had enlisted, entered officer candidate school, or had been a cadet or midshipman at the U.S. Military Academy, the U.S. Naval Academy or the U.S. Coast Guard Academy between 3 September 1945 and any date in 1946, receiving the medal without having been a veteran of the period of active hostilities during the war; the reason for this late date is that President Harry S. Truman did not declare an official end to hostilities until the last day of 1946. As every member of the United States Armed Forces who served from 7 December 1941 to 31 December 1946 was eligible for the medal, there were over twelve million eligible recipients, making the World War II Victory Medal the second most widely awarded military award of the United States, after the National Defense Service Medal. Appearance The bronze medal is 1 inches in width. The obverse is a figure of Liberation standing full length with head turned to dexter looking to the dawn of a new day, right foot resting on a war god's helmet with the hilt of a broken sword in the right hand and the broken blade in the left hand, the inscription WORLD WAR II placed immediately below the", "title": "World War II Victory Medal" }, { "docid": "846230", "text": "John Hollis Bankhead II (July 8, 1872 – June 12, 1946) was a U.S. senator from the state of Alabama. Like his father, John H. Bankhead, he was elected three times to the Senate, and like his father, he died in office. He served in the Senate from March 4, 1931, to his death on June 12, 1946. He was first elected to the Senate in 1930 by defeating J. Thomas Heflin, the man who succeeded his father. Though Bankhead won the election by 20 points, Heflin challenged the results for over a year. He served as chairman of the Committee on Irrigation and Reclamation. After his death, Bankhead was succeeded by George R. Swift, who was appointed to fill his seat until a successor, John J. Sparkman, could be elected. Bankhead is remembered as a spokesman for farmers and against civil rights for African Americans. Life and career Bankhead was born on July 8, 1872, at the Bankhead plantation in Lamar County, Alabama, the son of Tallulah James Brockman and John Hollis Bankhead. After earning his law degree in 1893 and practicing law for ten with his brother William, Bankhead was elected to the Alabama House of Representatives in 1903. After Alabama's grandfather clause, which disenfranchised most black voters, was declared unconstitutional, Bankhead was one of the drafters of Alabama's revised voting law effectively preventing most black voters from registering via a series of tests and poll taxes. Following his controversial win over Heflin in 1930, the Senator from Alabama worked at the passage of various pieces of New Deal legislation to benefit cotton farmers, including the Subsistence Homestead Act of 1933, the Cotton Control Act of 1934 and the parity payment amendments to the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938. After World War II began in Europe, Bankhead was an interventionist. He took a \"pro-British\" stance and favored President Franklin Roosevelt's Lend-Lease program. On October 23, 1941, Bankhead voted in favor of additional lend-lease funding to provide more funding to the British Army. On November 7, 1941, he voted in favor of legislation to amend several sections of the neutrality acts. This vote made it easier for the United States to provide direct military aid to the United Kingdom during World War II. In 1943, he sponsored legislation to exempt \"substantially fulltime\" farm workers from the draft during World War II. Bankhead was among twelve nominated at the 1944 Democratic National Convention to serve as Franklin D. Roosevelt's running mate in the presidential election that year. He was in third place, with 98 votes, when Bankhead made a surprise withdrawal of his candidacy in favor of his Senate colleague, Harry S. Truman, who was elected vice president and succeeded to the presidency in 1945. On May 24, 1946, Senator Bankhead suffered a stroke while attending an evening Senate committee meeting. Three weeks later, he died at the U.S. Naval Hospital in Bethesda, Maryland. He was the brother of Speaker of the House William B. Bankhead, and the uncle of", "title": "John H. Bankhead II" }, { "docid": "18098509", "text": "Sumner Tucker Pike (August 30, 1891 – February 21, 1976) was an American politician and government official who was a member of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission from 1940 to 1946 and a member of the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) from 1946 to 1951, serving as acting chairman of the AEC during 1950. Early life and education Pike grew up in Lubec, Maine, a small fishing village in the northeastern portion of the state. He was a Bowdoin College graduate, in the year 1913. Business career Pike entered the sardines industry and became a self-made millionaire. He then went to Wall Street in 1928 where he became an investment banker. He retired from business in 1939. Securities and Exchange Commission After retiring, Pike came to Washington, D.C. and served as an advisor to the U.S. Secretary of Commerce. During World War II he was on the Securities and Exchange Commission and also was in the Office of Price Administration. Atomic Energy Commission Pike was chosen as one of the five original members of the Atomic Energy Commission created by the Atomic Energy Act of 1946. The first atomic bomb test by the Soviet Union in August 1949 came earlier than expected by Americans, and over the next several months there was an intense debate within the U.S. government, military, and scientific communities regarding whether to proceed with development of the far more powerful hydrogen bomb, then known as \"the Super\". In November 1949, Pike joined a 3–2 majority of commissioners in recommending against proceeding with the Super. However, by the time President Harry S. Truman ordered that development of the Super go on, Pike's position had drifted to being in favor of proceeding. Another issue Pike faced on the AEC was whether to allowed nuclear testing in the United States. In March 1949, he had stated that only a national emergency could justify such testing; but following the onset of the Korean War, it was considered that such an emergency existed and nuclear bomb testing began in Nevada in 1951. In 1950, the Joint Atomic Energy Committee of Congress voted five to four (with one Democrat joining the four Republicans on the panel) not to approve of President Harry S. Truman's nomination of Pike as chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission, when he was acting as chairman. Instead, though Pike was renominated and approved as a member, Truman picked Gordon Dean as chairman. When Pike resigned from the AEC in December 1951, he was the last of the original five members still on it. Maine politician Pike was a member of the Republican Party. When he returned to Maine from Washington, he resisted calls to run for governor but did serve in the legislature. From 1965 to 1975, Pike was a charter member of the Roosevelt Campobello International Park Commission, which governs Roosevelt Campobello International Park, serving with Sen. Edmund S. Muskie and Franklin Delano Roosevelt Jr. References External links Sumner T. Pike Papers, Truman Library Chairmen of the", "title": "Sumner Pike" }, { "docid": "80224", "text": "Clark McAdams Clifford (December 25, 1906October 10, 1998) was an American lawyer who served as an important political adviser to Democratic presidents Harry S. Truman, John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson, and Jimmy Carter. His official government positions were White House Counsel (1946–1950), Chairman of the President's Intelligence Advisory Board (1963–1968), and Secretary of Defense (1968–1969); Clifford was also influential in his role as an unofficial, informal presidential adviser in various issues. A successful Washington, D.C., lawyer, he was known for his elite clientele, charming manners, and impeccable suits. All four Democratic presidents of the Cold War era employed Clifford's services and relied on his counsel, marking him as one of the ultimate Washington insiders. Emblematic of Clifford's influence in postwar Democratic presidential administrations was that after Jimmy Carter won the 1976 presidential election, his transition team was adamant that Clifford, as a symbol of the Washington, D.C., establishment, should not have any influence whatsoever, declaring that \"if you ever see us relying on Clark Clifford, you'll know we have failed\", yet Carter eventually came to rely on him nonetheless. In his later years, Clifford became involved in several controversies. He was a key figure in the Bank of Credit and Commerce International scandal, which led to a grand jury indictment. Background Clifford was born on December 25, 1906, in Fort Scott, Kansas. His parents resided there at the time because his father, Frank, was a traveling auditor for Missouri Pacific Railroad. He was named after his maternal uncle, Clark McAdams. He attended Washington University in St. Louis. Career Clifford built a solid reputation practicing law in St. Louis between 1928 and 1943. He served as an officer in the U.S. Navy from 1944 to 1946. Presidential adviser In 1945 he was assigned to the White House and quickly promoted to captain while serving as assistant naval aide and then naval aide to President Harry S Truman. He became a trusted personal adviser and friend of Truman. Clifford went to Washington, first to serve as assistant to the President's Naval Adviser, after the naming of a personal friend from Missouri as the President's Naval Adviser. Following his discharge from the Navy, he remained at Truman's side as White House Counsel from 1946 to 1950, as Truman came rapidly to trust and rely upon Clifford. Clifford was a key architect of Truman's campaign in 1948, when Truman pulled off a stunning upset victory over Republican nominee Thomas Dewey. Clifford encouraged Truman to embrace a left-wing populist image in hope of undermining the impact on the race of third-party Progressive candidate Henry A. Wallace, who had served as President Franklin D. Roosevelt's Vice-President from 1941 to 1945. Clifford also believed that a strong pro-civil rights stance, while sure to alienate traditional Southern Democrats, would not result in a serious challenge to the party's supremacy in that region. This prediction was foiled by Strom Thurmond's candidacy as a splinter States' Rights Democrat, but Clifford's strategy nonetheless helped win Truman election in his own", "title": "Clark Clifford" }, { "docid": "562132", "text": "Sidney William Souers (March 30, 1892 – January 14, 1973) was an American military intelligence officer who was the first person to hold the office of Director of Central Intelligence, being head of the National Intelligence Authority, the direct predecessor to the Central Intelligence Agency. From 1947 to 1949, Souers also served as Executive Secretary of the U.S. National Security Council, and was a close and trusted advisor of president Harry S. Truman. Early life and education Sidney Souers was born in Dayton, Ohio. He attended Purdue University and eventually Miami University, graduating from the latter in 1914 with a Bachelor of Arts. During his time at Miami, Souers was a member of the Kappa chapter of Delta Kappa Epsilon. After completing his education, Souers was initially attracted to a business career. He was a founder and first president of the First Joint Stock Land Bank of Dayton, and also served as a high ranking business executive in New Orleans and later St. Louis for a number of notable companies, including Piggly Wiggly stores and Metropolitan Life Insurance. He was among the co-founders of American Airlines. Career Navy career Souers was called to active duty with the United States Navy on July 22, 1940, after serving eleven years in the naval reserves as an intelligence officer. Initially commissioned as a lieutenant commander, Souers was promoted to full commander in February 1942 when he was assigned to command the Sixth Naval District, headquartered at Naval Station Great Lakes in Chicago. In May 1943, after a German U-boat was sunk by the U.S. Coast Guard off the South Carolina coast, Souers, along with Royal Navy commander Patrick W. Stone, was tasked with the interrogation of the submarine's crew. Souers was appointed assistant director of the Office of Naval Intelligence on July 24, 1944. He was promoted to rear admiral and deputy chief of Naval Intelligence on November 8, 1945. He was eventually relieved of active duty on July 22, 1946, after exactly six years of naval service. Director of Central Intelligence Sidney Souers was appointed member of a joint committee of State, War and Navy department employees in December 1944, chaired by Ferdinand Eberstadt and tasked with creating what would become known as the Eberstadt Report. In the report, Souers argued for the creation of a new central intelligence organization after the war that was to be under civilian control. By late 1945, Souers' proposal had come to the attention of president Harry S. Truman, who personally ordered Souers to send a memo to Secretary of the Navy James Forrestal on the president's approval of the proposition. On January 22, 1946, the National Intelligence Authority was officially established, with president Truman appointing Souers as director of its Central Intelligence Group (CIG) division. Souers agreed to serve as interim director until a permanent director could be appointed. Souers was initially tasked with giving daily intelligence briefings to president Truman on current developments in intelligence and national security. Despite being the inaugural holder of", "title": "Sidney Souers" }, { "docid": "74559482", "text": "The Sixty-Seventh Wisconsin Legislature convened from to in regular session, and reconvened in a special session in July 1946. This legislative term saw the end of World War II and the establishment of the United Nations. The term also saw the end of the Wisconsin Progressive Party, which formally disbanded at a 1946 convention. Senators representing even-numbered districts were newly elected for this session and were serving the first two years of a four-year term. Assembly members were elected to a two-year term. Assembly members and even-numbered senators were elected in the general election of November 7, 1944. Senators representing odd-numbered districts were serving the third and fourth year of a four-year term, having been elected in the general election of November 3, 1942. Major events January 1, 1945: Second inauguration of Walter Samuel Goodland as Governor of Wisconsin. January 20, 1945: Fourth inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt as President of the United States. February 11, 1945: The Yalta Conference concluded, agreeing to the denazification and postwar partition of Germany, as well as self-determination rights for a liberated Poland. April 3, 1945: Wisconsin voters ratified two amendments to the state constitution: Aboliting the office of justice of the peace in first class cities. Allowing the state to take on debt for aeronautical improvements. April 12, 1945: U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt died in office. Vice President Harry S. Truman immediately succeeded him as the 33rd President of the United States. April 28, 1945: Benito Mussolini was executed by partisans in Milan, Italy. April 29, 1945: Axis forces in Italy signed an unconditional surrender to the Allies. April 30, 1945: Adolf Hitler committed suicide in his bunker in Berlin, Germany. May 2, 1945: Soviet forces captured Berlin. May 8, 1945: Representatives of the German Army signed the German Instrument of Surrender, formally ending Germany's part in June 26, 1945: The Charter of the United Nations was published at the end of the United Nations Conference on International Organization. July 16, 1945: The first atomic bomb test took place at the Trinity site in New Mexico. July 21, 1945: U.S. President Harry S. Truman signed an order approving the use of atomic bombs against Imperial Japan. August 6, 1945: U.S. forces detonated an atomic bomb over Hiroshima, killing at least 90,000 people and destroying much of the city. August 8, 1945: The United States ratified the Charter of the United Nations, becoming the third nation to ratify the document. August 9, 1945: U.S. forces detonated an atomic bomb over Nagasaki, killing at least 39,000 people. August 14, 1945: Emperor Hirohito agreed to the unconditional surrender of Japan to Allied forces, ending major combat in October 24, 1945: The United Nations was established as a sufficient number of nations had ratified the Charter. March 17, 1946: At a convention in Portage, Wisconsin, the Wisconsin Progressive Party voted to disband. The majority of delegates voted to rejoin the Republican Party of Wisconsin. March 19, 1946: Wisconsin Supreme Court justice Joseph Martin died in office.", "title": "67th Wisconsin Legislature" }, { "docid": "3809684", "text": "Willard Long Thorp (May 24, 1899 – May 10, 1992) was an American economist and academic who served three US Presidents, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry S. Truman and Dwight D. Eisenhower as an advisor in both domestic and foreign affairs. He helped draft the Marshall Plan and was also prominent in business and education. Biography He was born on 24 May 1899 in Oswego, New York. He was raised in Chelsea, Massachusetts and Duluth, Minnesota. He graduated Amherst College in 1920. In 1939 he was elected as a Fellow of the American Statistical Association. He was Assistant Secretary of State under Truman for Economic Affairs 1946–1952; a member of the U.S. delegation serving as special adviser on economic matters at the Paris Peace Conference of 1946; special adviser on economic matters at the New York meeting of the Council of Foreign Ministers in 1946; and American representative to the United Nations General Assembly, 1947–48. He came under great strain during the McCarthy 'witch-hunt' investigations into alleged Communists 1950–1954 and eventually resigned, becoming a professor at Amherst College again instead. In 1957, he served for a number of weeks as interim president of the college. He died on 10 May 1992 in Pelham, Massachusetts. Works Business Annals (New York: National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc., 1926) References External links Willard L. (AC 1920) and Clarice Brows Thorp Papers at the Amherst College Archives & Special Collections 1899 births 1992 deaths Fellows of the American Statistical Association Presidents of the American Statistical Association American statisticians 20th-century American economists Amherst College alumni Amherst College faculty Presidents of Amherst College", "title": "Willard Thorp" }, { "docid": "56239577", "text": "On November 25, 1946, U.S. President Harry S. Truman announced the creation of the President's Temporary Commission on Employee Loyalty (TCEL) (November 25, 1946 – February 1, 1947). Background The formation of the TCEL came two weeks after a sweeping Republican victory in 1946 mid-term elections (in which Richard Nixon first gained federal office and Joseph McCarthy rose from Wisconsin judge to U.S. Senator). The House civil service subcommittee had recommended a similar investigative body during the summer of 1946, which the President directed the new commission to consider. The interagency commission would \"study the Governments methods for testing the loyalty of its more than 2,000,000 employes [sic].\" Formation News of the TCEL made the front page of the New York Times under the headline \"President orders purge of disloyal from U.S. posts.\" Structure Truman's commission consisted of representatives from several government departments: Department of Justice, Department of State, Treasury, Department of War, and Civil Service Commission. U.S. Attorney General Tom C. Clark appointed Special Assistant to the Attorney General A. Devitt Vanech as chair. (Vanech was close to FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover at the time.) Commissioners were to serve without pay and submit their first report to the President by February 1, 1947. Mission The commission sought to determine federal loyalty standards and establish procedures for removal or disqualification of disloyal or subversive persons from federal posts. While President Truman empowered the commission to follow its own course, he asked that it pursue the following issues: Whether existing security procedures in the Executive Branch of the Government furnish adequate protection against the employment or continuance of employment of disloyal or subversive persons, and what agency or agencies should be charged with prescribing and supervising security procedures. Whether responsibility for acting upon investigative reports dealing with disloyal or subversive persons should be left to the agencies employing them or whether a single agency should handle it. What procedure should be established for notifying allegedly disloyal or subversive employes or applicants for employment of the charges made against them, and what procedures should be established to guarantee a fair hearing on such charges. What standards are desirable for judging the loyalty of employes of the Government and applicants for such employment. Whether further legislation is necessary for the adequate protection of the Government against the employment or continuance in employment of disloyal or subversive persons. The President's aim was believed: Motivated in part by a desire to strip the opposition of the \"Red\" cry which it has directed at the Administration, The chief target, most observers, agreed, would be the Communists. But the question in many minds last week was: Where would a distinguishing line between Communists and non-Communist leftists be drawn? Naming The TCEL did not receive its name until a few days later, apparently appearing in print on December 1, 1946, in the New York Times and Washington Post. Report and cessation With submission of the TCEL's report on February 1, 1947, the commission would cease. The report", "title": "Temporary Commission on Employee Loyalty" }, { "docid": "5316776", "text": "Donald Shelton Dawson (August 3, 1908 – December 25, 2005) was a 20th-century American lawyer, politician, and military officer, best remembered as the presidential aide who marshaled Harry S. Truman's crucial whistle-stop tour in the 1948 election campaign and so was perhaps the first modern American political advance man, able to gauge political climate and provide appropriate advice. Background Donald Shelton Dawson was born on August 3, 1908, in El Dorado Springs, Missouri. He graduated from the University of Missouri in 1930 and received his law degree from George Washington University in 1938, while working. Career Government service Around 1933, Dawson began to serve as an examiner for the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC). In 1939, he became RFC director. During World War II, he served in the U.S. Army Air Forces through 1946. In 1946, he returned to government service as a close aid to U.S. President Harry S. Truman. Of how he organized Truman's famous whistle-stop tour, Dawson recounted in 1992: My job was to be a jump ahead, getting kids out of school early, finding free buses, whatever it took... When the president caught up with me at each stop, I'd brief him on the local situation, and he'd quickly adapt his direct comments. His spur-of-the-moment stuff was so good. He always wanted to talk about things the people wanted to know. Wonderful.... If the boss saw 20 people out of the window, he'd stop the train... The back platform of the train is where he really hit the people. Off the cuff, he was the best. And he was never afraid of politics. In 1947, he chaired the White House Loyalty Review Board. In 1951, Dawson found himself caught up in congressional inquiries into the RFC and its board with regard to jobs and loans; he testified before a committee chaired by U.S. Senator J. W. Fulbright. Dawson faced no criminal charges and continued to work at the White House. Private law practice In 1953 he formed the law offices of Dawson, Griffin, Pickens, where he was a senior partner. In 1968, he continued in that role as the firm changed principals and became Dawson, Riddell, Holroyd, Taylor & Davis. In 1980, he left the firm to work in his own practice. He retired from the United States Air Force Reserve as a major general in 1970. Personal and death Dawson was married three times. He married Alva Ansley and had one daughter Diana Star Dawson Coyner; they divorced. He married Ilona Massey (June 16, 1910 – August 20, 1974) a Hungarian film, stage and radio performer; who predeceased him. In 1975, he married Virginia J. Friedland. He had two daughters and a son. He served as president of the Institute for National and International Affairs at the Truman Library. He supported the Humane Society, the College of the Virgin Islands, the Dwight D. Eisenhower Society, American Friends of Jamaica, and the American Arthritis and Rheumatism Foundation. Dawson died age 97 on Sunday, December 25, 2005, Christmas", "title": "Donald Dawson" }, { "docid": "251376", "text": "Gordon Evans Dean (December 28, 1905 – August 15, 1958) was a Seattle-born American lawyer and prosecutor who served as chairman of the United States Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) from 1950 to 1953. Early years Dean received his J.D. from the University of Southern California in 1930 and an LL.M. from Duke University Law School in 1932. In 1934, Dean joined the U.S. Department of Justice during the New Deal administration of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Dean served under Attorneys General Homer S. Cummings and Frank Murphy as a Criminal Division attorney and press spokesperson. He had taught at Duke Law before being hired as assistant to Brien McMahon in the Criminal Division. Dean helped draft expansions of the federal criminal law and defended them in cases argued before the United States Supreme Court. In 1940, Attorney General Robert H. Jackson made Dean the press spokesperson for the Department of Justice. After six years at Justice, Dean left to join McMahon's law firm as partner. After World War II military service, Dean served as press spokesperson for now Supreme Court Justice Robert H. Jackson who was the chief prosecutor in the Nuremberg Trials. Prior to his work with the AEC, Dean was professor of criminal law at the University of Southern California (1946–1949). Atomic Energy Commission Dean was appointed by President Harry S. Truman to fill a vacancy on the Atomic Energy Commission, and he took his seat on May 24, 1949. Dean had been recommended to Truman by McMahon, who by this time had become Senator (elected in 1944), author of the Atomic Energy Act of 1946, and chair of the Joint Atomic Energy Committee of Congress. During August 1949–January 1950 there was a heated debate within the U.S. government and scientific community over whether to proceed with an accelerated development of the hydrogen bomb, a nuclear weapon of massive and unprecedented force. Dean shared with McMahon and Truman a belief that the Soviet Union presented an immediate threat to the security of the United States, and that countering that threat with military superiority in the present was worth the costs of a longer-term arms race. Accordingly, Dean was in October 1949 one of two AEC commissioners who supported proceeding with such development, against three who opposed it. The AEC's General Advisory Committee (GAC), chaired by J. Robert Oppenheimer, also opposed the H-bomb development. Dean supported the scope of the GAC report, which relied in part on moral grounds, but was not persuaded by the report itself, remarking to a scientist that the GAC members were behaving in the manner of a \"bunch of college professors.\" The debate was decided in January 1950 when President Truman ordered the development to proceed. On July 11, 1950, Dean was announced as the new Chairman of the AEC. He was the second chairman of the commission, following David Lilienthal, and the appointment was again with McMahon's backing. Dean assumed the post immediately. As early as 1950, Dean advocated for the appointment of", "title": "Gordon Dean (lawyer)" }, { "docid": "67968647", "text": "Samuel Sloan Colt (July13, 1892 – May2, 1975) was an American civil servant, banker, and philanthropist. He served as president and chairman of Bankers Trust, as a commissioner and chairman of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, and as a director of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. Early life Colt was born on July13, 1892, in New York City. He was the only son of Richard Collins Colt (1863–1938) and Mary Adelaide (née Sloan) Colt (1868–1954), who owned Curry Farm in Garrison, New York. His younger sisters were Catherine Dunscomb Colt (wife of Charles Denston Dickey Jr., a senior partner at J.P. Morgan & Co.), and Mary Sloan Colt, the wife of Louis Curtis Jr. His father was an importer with Collins & Co. His paternal grandparents were Harris Colt and Catherine (née Dunscomb) Colt. His maternal grandparents were Margaret (née Elmendorf) Sloan and Samuel Sloan, a former New York State Senator who was the longtime president of the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad. Among his large extended family was cousin James C. Auchincloss, a U.S. Representative from New York. In 1910, he graduated from the Groton School before attending Yale University, where he graduated in 1914. Career After his graduation from Yale, Colt joined the Farmers' Loan & Trust Company. During World War I, he entered the army as a corporal, served in the United States Army Ordnance Department in Washington, and was honorably discharged as major. Returning to Farmers', Colt was a vice president from 1925 until 1929, when the company merged into the National City Bank (today known as Citibank). He joined Bankers Trust as a vice president and director in 1930 and became president the following year at the age of only 38, succeeding Henry J. Cochran. Upon his assumption of the presidency, he was also elected a director and a member of the executive committee. He was head of the bank for twenty-seven years and was made chairman in 1956 when Alex H. Ardrey became president. He retired in 1957 and was replaced as chairman by William Moore, but continued as a director and member of the executive and trust committees until 1965. In 1946, Colt was appointed by Governor Thomas E. Dewey as a commissioner of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. In 1959, he was elected chairman, serving until his retirement from both chairman and commissioner in 1968. Mr. Colt served in both President Harry S. Truman's and President Dwight Eisenhower's administrations. In 1954, Colt was appointed as a member of President Dwight Eisenhower's Advisory Committee on the National Highway Program. Colt served as chairman of Eurofund Inc., from 1959 to 1968 and was a longtime trustee of the Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York (today known as Axa). He was a director of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York from 1944 to 1946, the General Electric Company from 1940 to 1963, the American Can Company from 1943 to 1965, and joined the", "title": "S. Sloan Colt" } ]	[ { "docid": "21483621", "text": "Michael K. Randolph (born 1946) is the chief justice of the Supreme Court of Mississippi, serving in the position since 2019. Before that, he was appointed to the Supreme Court in 2004. He represents District 2 Place 3. Early years Born in 1946, Randolph is a native of Dayton, Ohio. He is the son of a construction worker who had a third-grade education. He served as an air traffic controller during the Vietnam War with the U.S. Army 1st Infantry Division and was honorably discharged in 1967. He attended Ohio State University before graduating from Rollins College with a bachelor of science in business administration in 1972; two years later, he earned a Juris Doctor from the University of Mississippi School of Law. While in law school, he joined the U.S. Naval Reserve, graduated from the Naval Justice School, and serving as an attorney with the Judge Advocate General Corps. He was honorably discharged in 1975. Career From 1975 until 2004, Randolph practiced law in Biloxi, Mississippi and Hattiesburg, Mississippi, working for several firms before starting his own practice with two others. On April 23, 2004, Gov. Haley Barbour appointed Randolph to the Mississippi Supreme Court to serve the unexpired term of former Chief Justice Edwin L. Pittman. In November 2004, Randolph was elected to the Supreme Court for an eight-year term that began January 1, 2005. He was reelected in 2012 and 2020. He became a Presiding Justice of the Supreme Court on January 1, 2013. He became Chief Justice on February 1, 2019. President Ronald Reagan appointed Randolph to serve on the National Coal Council. Randolph has also served on the board of directors for William Carey College, and was past president of the South Central Mississippi Bar Association. He is the former chairman of the Forrest County Republican Executive Committee. Personal life Randolph is married to Kathy Webb Randolph. He has three children and five grandchildren. He is a member of Temple Baptist Church. References \|- 1946 births Living people 20th-century American lawyers 21st-century American judges 21st-century American lawyers Chief Justices of the Mississippi Supreme Court Justices of the Mississippi Supreme Court Rollins College alumni University of Mississippi alumni Air traffic controllers United States Army personnel of the Vietnam War United States Army soldiers United States Navy sailors United States Navy reservists", "title": "Michael K. Randolph" }, { "docid": "37402910", "text": "Alfred L. Jenkins (September 14, 1916May 18, 2000) was an American diplomat, lecturer and author, born in Manchester, Georgia. He was a political authority on Chinese-American relations and served under Presidents Lyndon B. Johnson and Richard Nixon. Jenkins has been called \"Mr. China\" and participated in Sino-American relations for more than twenty years. Early life and education Jenkins graduated from Emory University in 1938 and Duke University with an M.Ed. in 1976. He was also a student at the University of Chicago's National War College and attended the National College of Chiropractic in 1986. Career He served in the American Foreign Service from 1946 to 1974 before becoming a freelance writer. Jenkins served in China from 1946 to 1955. He was a member of the U.S. National Security Council from 1966 to 1969. Jenkins was the senior inspector of the U.S. State Department Foreign Service and a member of the National Security Council senior staff of President Lyndon B. Johnson. He often submitted memos directly to the President and was, at times, critical of current American policy towards China which was focused on trade, travel and U.N. representation rather than its possible involvement in the Asia–Pacific region (including Vietnam). Under the Nixon administration he was the director of the State Department's Office of Asian Communist Affairs. In 1970 he traveled to Paris to exchange information with the French and British concerning affairs with China. He traveled with Secretary of State Henry Kissinger on an unpublicized diplomatic mission to China in October 1971. Jenkins advised Kissinger and President Nixon on all Chinese diplomatic relations and was instrumental in planning the U.S.’s Chinese missions. His insights into Chinese-American relations gave him a key role in Nixon’s historical diplomatic mission and visit to China in February 1972. Jenkins was considered Kissinger's \"right-hand man\" and had final responsibility for drafting the secret \"Talking Papers\", which served as a guide for U.S. negotiations with China. In 1972 Jenkins was a speaker at a symposium held at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and hosted by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi. He was given the Superior Service Award by the U.S. State Department in 1973. Jenkins was the chief liaison officer in Peking, China, from 1973 to 1974 before becoming a professional lecturer and writer. In 1975 he appeared on the NBC TV show Tomorrow and channel KSCI in Los Angeles, California, to discuss Transcendental Meditation. He served as chairman of the board of trustees of Maharishi International University for three years. After retiring from the Foreign Service, due to the influence of Joseph Janse, D.C., N.D., a well-known and revered figure in natural medicine and longtime President of National College of Chiropractic (now National University of Health Sciences) in Lombard, IL, in 1981 Jenkins began his studies toward a Doctorate of Chiropractic and graduated shortly before his 70th birthday. He practiced natural medicine as a primary care physician in Gleneden Beach, Oregon, for a number of years, but retired when his wife Martha died. Jenkins returned to Alexandria,", "title": "Alfred L. Jenkins" }, { "docid": "12443712", "text": "Walter William Head (December 18, 1877 – May 3, 1954) was an American banker and insurance executive. He was president and founder of the General American Life Insurance Company, now a part of MetLife, and president of the American Bankers Association. Head also served as national president of the Boy Scouts of America for nearly twenty years, from 1926 to 1946. Early life Walter William Head was born December 18, 1877, on a farm near Adrian, Illinois. He was the first of five children born to Alfred Walter Head and Margaret Jane Lambert. The New York Times said that Head \"was deeply influenced by his mother, a devout woman who imbued him with a warm, human philosophy of life\". At age 8, he moved with his family to a rural area of DeKalb County, Missouri, where he attended public schools. After graduating from Northwest Missouri State Teachers College (Maryville), Head began teaching in a one-room schoolhouse and, at age 24, was named school principal in the town of De Kalb, Missouri. Banking Head left teaching for the banking field in 1904, starting as a bank cashier at age 26. In 1917, he was named vice president of Omaha National Bank in Omaha, Nebraska, becoming the bank's president in 1920. During his time as bank president in Omaha, Walter Head also became president of the American Bankers Association and a director of New York Life Insurance Company. In 1929, Head took over as president of State Bank of Chicago. Upon his arrival, Head guided State Bank through a merger with Foreman National. When Foreman National was acquired by First National Bank in 1931, Walter Head resigned to become president of Morris Plan Corp., a New York-based banking organization making small loans to moderate income families through banks in more than 100 U.S. cities. At the time, Morris Plan was the largest industrial banking system in the U.S., with $200 million in annual business and 800,000 customers. Insurance Head left banking in 1933, when he became the first president of Great American Life Insurance Company in St. Louis, Missouri. The new company was formed by Equity Corporation, controlled by David Milton (son-in-law of John D. Rockefeller Jr.). Equity had acquired the business of Missouri State Life in bankruptcy court in September, 1933, following Missouri State Life's collapse during the Great Depression. Milton recruited Head to be the founder and first president of General American Life and take over Missouri State Life's business. Head continued as president of Great American Life Insurance until January, 1951, when he was succeeded by P. B. McHaney. Civic Head was appointed by Nebraska Governor Samuel R. McKelvie in 1920 to the Nebraska Capitol Commission, which was responsible for the construction of the new Nebraska State Capitol building. Head served as fourth and sixth national president of the Boy Scouts of America. His first term was from 1926 to 1931. His successor, Mortimer L. Schiff died after one month in office; Head then served from 1931-1946. During his", "title": "Walter W. Head" }, { "docid": "33873989", "text": "Somerville Pinkney Tuck Jr. (May 3, 1891 – April 21, 1967) was an American diplomat. Early life Tuck was born on May 3, 1891, in New Brighton, Staten Island, New York, a son of Somerville Pinkney Tuck (1848–1923) and Emily Rosalie Snowden ( Marshall) Tuck (1858–1940), who died at her home in Bisterne in New Forest, England, in April 1940. His father had been presiding judge of the International Court of Egypt. His siblings were William Hallem Tuck, Alexander John Marshall Tuck (who married four times), and Carola Marshall ( Tuck) Mills (wife of British MP Sir John Mills). His paternal grandparents were Margaret Sprigg Bowie ( Chew) Tuck and William Hallam Tuck, a Judge of the Maryland Court of Appeals from 1851 to 1861. His maternal grandparents were Sara Rebecca Nicholls ( Snowden) Marshall (daughter of Col. Thomas Snowden) and Col. Charles Marshall of Baltimore, a Confederate Adjutant and aide-de-camp to General Robert E. Lee. Among his five maternal uncles were attorney Hudson Snowden Marshall. Tuck went to boarding school in Switzerland, Germany and the United States before attending Dartmouth College, where he was known as a bon vivant, and graduated with the class of 1913. Career Upon his graduation from Dartmouth, he joined the diplomatic service of the U.S. Department of State. Early in his career, in the early 1920s Tuck was the American Consul at Vladivostok. In 1932, during the recess of the World Disarmament Conference in Geneva that Tuck was attending as an expert to the American delegation, he was designated first secretary of the legation at Prague, cancelling earlier plans to appoint him first secretary of the legation at Budapest. Tuck, during World War II, was the Foreign Service Officer who served as Chargé d'affaires to Vichy France until the Vichy regime severed diplomatic relations with the U.S. on November 8, 1942. After leaving that post, Tuck became the last envoy and first United States Ambassador to Egypt being appointed by President Roosevelt on May 4, 1944. He presented his credentials as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary on June 14, 1944. Upon the legation being raised to Embassy status, he was appointed the first Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Egypt on September 19, 1946, presenting his credentials on October 10, 1946, serving until he left his post on May 30, 1948. Tuck was \"well regarded in Cairo for his ability to speak Egyptian and Arabic fluently and for his talents as a raconteur. He went shopping in the bazaars on his own and excited comment by bargaining with merchants in their own language.\" After retiring from government service, he served on the board of directors of the Suez Canal in the 1950s. Personal life In October 1924, Tuck was married to Beatrice Mitchell Beck in Washington, D.C., at St. Thomas's Church in Dupont Circle in a ceremony attended by President and Mrs. Calvin Coolidge. Beatrice, later a friend of the Duke and Duchess of Windsor, was a daughter of former U.S. Representative James M. Beck,", "title": "S. Pinkney Tuck" }, { "docid": "1190130", "text": "James Caleb Boggs (May 15, 1909 – March 26, 1993) was an American lawyer and politician from Claymont, Delaware. A liberal Republican, he was commonly known by his middle name, Caleb, frequently shortened to Cale. He was a veteran of World War II, and a member of the Republican Party, who served three terms as U.S. Representative from Delaware, two terms as Governor of Delaware, and two terms as U.S. Senator from Delaware. He lost re-election in 1972 in an upset by 3,162 votes (or 1.4%) by then-New Castle County councilman and the 46th and current president of the United States Joe Biden. Early life and education Boggs was born on May 15, 1909, at Cheswold, Delaware, the son of Edgar Jefferson and Lettie Vaughn Boggs. Boggs joined the Delaware National Guard in 1926 and became a reserve officer that year. In 1931, he married Elizabeth Muir; the couple had two children, and were members of the Methodist Church. He graduated from the University of Delaware in 1931 with an A.B. degree and later graduated from Georgetown Law School in 1937 with an LLB degree. Career In 1938, he was admitted to the Delaware State Bar Association and began the practice of law at Dover, Delaware. During World War II, he served in the US Army with the 6th Armored Division fighting in Normandy, the Rhineland, the Ardennes, and central Europe. He earned five Campaign Stars, the Legion of Merit, the Bronze Star Medal with Oak Leaf Cluster, and the Croix de Guerre with palm from France. U.S. House of Representatives Boggs was appointed Associate Judge of the Family Court of New Castle County in 1946. He was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1946, defeating incumbent Democratic U.S. Representative Philip A. Traynor. He won the election a total of three times, also defeating Democrats J. Carl McGuigan in 1948, and Henry M. Winchester in 1950. Boggs served in the U.S. House from January 3, 1947, to January 3, 1953. Governor of Delaware Boggs was elected Governor of Delaware in 1952, defeating incumbent Democratic Governor Elbert N. Carvel, and won a second term in 1956, defeating Democrat J. H. Tyler McConnell. He served as governor from January 20, 1953, to December 30, 1960, when he resigned because of his upcoming U.S. Senate term. On April 2, 1958, he signed the bill that ended capital punishment in Delaware. U.S. Senate Boggs was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1960, narrowly defeating incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator J. Allen Frear Jr. by 1.4 percentage points, and becoming the only Republican to defeat an incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator that year. He was again elected to the U.S. Senate in 1966, defeating Democrat James M. Tunnell Jr., son of the former U.S. Senator. He served two terms from January 3, 1961, to January 3, 1973. Boggs voted in favor of the Civil Rights Acts of 1964 and 1968, as well as the 24th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, the Voting Rights Act of", "title": "J. Caleb Boggs" }, { "docid": "30874961", "text": "William Edwards Stevenson (October 25, 1900 – April 2, 1985) was an American track and field athlete, lawyer and diplomat, who won the gold medal in the 4 × 400 metres relay at the 1924 Summer Olympics, and later served as the president of Oberlin College. Biography Early life and education Born in Chicago, Illinois, William Stevenson won the AAU championships in in 1921. He was a graduate of Andover and Princeton University before winning a Rhodes Scholarship to Oxford University, where he studied law. Legal career After returning to the United States, he was an assistant U.S. attorney for the southern district of New York in the 1920s and, in 1931, founded the prominent New York law partnership of Debevoise, Stevenson, Plimpton and Page, now Debevoise & Plimpton L.L.P. 1924 Summer Olympics At the Paris Olympics, Stevenson ran the second leg on the American 4 × 400 meters relay team, which won the gold medal with a new world record of 3.16.0. His teammates were Commodore Cochran, Oliver MacDonald and Alan Helffrich. World War II During the World War II, Stevenson and his wife, Eleanor \"Bumpie\" Bumstead Stevenson, a 1923 graduate of Smith College, organized and administered American Red Cross operations in Great Britain, North Africa, Sicily, and Italy. Both he and his wife were awarded the Bronze Star for meritorious achievement in support of military operations. (Eleanor Stevenson was the author of I Knew Your Soldier in 1946. She was active in the civil rights movement and the first person to give a nationally broadcast speech on behalf of Planned Parenthood.) President of Oberlin College In 1946, Stevenson succeeded Ernest Hatch Wilkins as president of Oberlin College. He held the post until 1960. Ambassador In 1962 John F. Kennedy appointed him as an ambassador to Philippines, where he served until 1965. He then became the head of the Aspen Institute of Humanistic Studies in Colorado. Death Stevenson died in Fort Myers, Florida, aged 84. Personal life In 1937, Stevenson bought Buttonwood Manor in the North Stamford section of Stamford, Connecticut, an 1809 Colonial-style house. When Stevenson and his wife went to England during World War II, they rented the house to Dorothy Fields, a renowned lyricist, according to the columnist and war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Stevenson was the father of U.S. Representative Helen Stevenson Meyner, who served for two terms, from 1975 to 1979. She was the wife of two-term New Jersey Gov. Robert B. Meyner. His other daughter, Priscilla, married Richard Hunt, a Harvard professor and the university's marshal. Stevenson also was a cousin of Vice-President Adlai E. Stevenson, presidential candidate Adlai Stevenson, Senator Adlai Stevenson III, and actor McLean Stevenson. See also List of Princeton University Olympians References 1900 births 1985 deaths Track and field athletes from Chicago New York (state) lawyers American male sprinters Presidents of Oberlin College Ambassadors of the United States to the Philippines Olympic gold medalists for the United States in track and field Athletes (track and field) at the 1924 Summer", "title": "William Stevenson (athlete)" }, { "docid": "53131765", "text": "James D. Spaniolo (born April 6, 1946) is an American attorney, professor, and former university administrator. He was the president of the University of Texas at Arlington from 2004 until his retirement in 2013. As an attorney, he specializes in communications and constitutional law. He served in various legal and executive capacities with the Miami Herald, the Detroit Free Press, the American Newspaper Publishers Association, and the Knight Foundation. He was dean of the College of Communication Arts and Sciences at Michigan State University for nine years before becoming president of University of Texas at Arlington. Biography Education Spaniolo was born on 6 April 1946 in Greenville, in the U.S. state of Michigan. He graduated from Cassopolis High School, Cassopolis, Michigan in 1964 and entered Michigan State University, where he was editor-in-chief of campus daily newspaper The State News. In 1968, he graduated with high honors from Michigan State University with a bachelor's degree in political science. He served in the U.S. Army Reserves as Specialist IV, Medical Corpsman from 1968 to 1974. From 1970 to 1972 he was also assistant to the president at Michigan State University. He earned a master's degree in public administration from The University of Michigan Institute of Public Policy Studies (now the Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy) as well as a J.D. degree from The University of Michigan Law School in 1975. Career In 1975, Spaniolo joined the law firm of Paul and Thomson in Miami, Florida as an attorney where he handed a variety of cases. He became staff counsel to the Miami Herald from 1977 to 1978. From 1978 to 1979, Spaniolo was associate general counsel for American Newspaper Publishers Association, now incorporated within the Newspaper Association of America. He joined the Miami Herald in 1979 first as general counsel until 1983 then as general executive from 1983 to 1985. From 1985 to 1989 Spaniolo was vice president for human resources and assistant to the publisher for The Detroit Free Press. Following his association with The Detroit Free Press Spaniolo joined the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation as vice president and chief program officer and secretary of the foundation. In 1996, he became dean of the College of Communication Arts and Sciences and professor at the School of Journalism at Michigan State University, positions he held until 2004, when Spaniolo was named president of the University of Texas at Arlington, where he also served as professor of communication and professor of public affairs. In 2013, he retired from University of Texas at Arlington and became Higher Education Advisor to the Governor of the State of Michigan. Awards and activities The Arlington Chamber of Commerce STAR Award, annual recognition of a community leader (2012), Sally Kallam Award for support of Leadership Arlington and growth of leaders in the community (2010), Silver Eagle Award from the Boy Scouts of America for service to the Arlington community (2009), Scoffes Award to the MSU faculty member who demonstrated a sustained commitment to", "title": "James D. Spaniolo" }, { "docid": "47946732", "text": "Annalee Stewart (February 17, 1900 – November 1988) was one of the first ordained female ministers of the U.S. Methodist Church and was the first woman to be a guest chaplain for the U.S. House of Representatives. She was a peace activist and served as president of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) between 1946 and 1950. Biography Annalee Hayes Kyger was born on February 17, 1900, in Bloomington, Illinois, to Herbert E. Kyger and Iva Belle Hayes. She graduated from Illinois Wesleyan University in 1921 and went on to study at Boston University School of Theology, Colgate Rochester Theological Seminary, and Union Theological Seminary in New York City. On 17 April 1931 received full ordination as a Methodist clergy, becoming one of the first ordained female ministers of the Methodist Church in the US. In 1924, she became involved with the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF), serving in various capacities until the 1960s. She was Chicago chapter president in 1943 and then National President between 1946 and 1950, Legislative Secretary from 1949 to 1964 and again in 1966, and served as Legislative and Branch Liaison between 1964 and 1966. Stewart became Director of Religious Education at the Centre Methodist Church of Malden, Massachusetts between 1937 and 1943. During World War II, Stewart and her family moved to Chicago and until the early 1950s they traveled back and forth between Washington, D.C. and Chicago. On June 11, 1948, Stewart became the first woman to lead a prayer for the U.S. House of Representatives and as late as 1967 had been the only female guest chaplain of the House. Stewart actively lobbied against war, co-chairing the WILPF Committee to Oppose Conscription of Women for World War II, visiting Congress to speak against the Korean War, as well as the Vietnam War, and calling on scientists to stop germ warfare and nuclear tests, urging total disarmament. Stewart traveled widely participating in conferences around the world speaking for world peace, attending seven international world congresses and advocating for a strong United Nations. In 1947, she was one of the WILPF delegates to the Primer Congreso Interamericano de Mujeres held in Guatemala City. In the decade after the end of World War II, she made five trips to Europe, traveled to Palestine, traveled throughout the United States, as well as fact finding missions like the 1965 clergy visit to Vietnam and trips to India, Israel, Japan, Poland, and the USSR. In 1966, Stewart received a Distinguished Alumni Award from Illinois Wesleyan University and received an honorary Doctor of Humanities degree from the school in 1967. She retired in 1970. Stewart died in November 1988 in Middlesex, Massachusetts. She had been married to Alexander Stewart, who was also a Methodist minister. They had two daughters and a son. References 1910 births 1988 deaths Women Christian clergy American pacifists People from Bloomington, Illinois", "title": "Annalee Stewart" }, { "docid": "12640432", "text": "Cipriano Purugganan Primicias Sr. (September 14, 1901 – September 20, 1965) was a Filipino politician, who was best known for his service as a Senator of the Philippines. He was born in 1901 at Alcala, in the northern Philippine province of Pangasinan to Javier Crescini Primicias and Cristeta Purugganan. Education and early career He completed his elementary education with highest honors, his high school courses with second-highest honors and passed the government first grade civil service tests when he was still in high school in 1919. He enrolled in the National Law College and at the same time worked as a clerk in the Bureau of Commerce in 1919 where he rose to the rank of Chief, Commercial Section. He finished his Bachelor of Laws degree in 1923 with highest honors and passed the bar examinations in the top five that same year. In 1924, he quit his post at the Bureau of Commerce and began his law practice as an assistant attorney in the law office of then-Senator Alejo R. Mabanag. By 1936 he was the President of the Pangasinan Bar Association, a post he held till 1945. Political career House of Representatives A ranking member of the Nacionalista Party (NP), Primicias entered politics in 1934 when he was elected to the Philippine House of Representatives from the fourth district of Pangasinan. He represented his district for three consecutive terms beginning in 1934, 1941 and 1946. Being in the then-minority party at the time, Primicias was an oppositionist and fiscalizer in the House of Representatives. Bell Trade Act of 1946 During his last term in the House, Primicias was one of nine Congressmen and three senators who opposed the ratification of the United States' Bell Trade Act of 1946 (also called the Philippine Trade Act of 1946) mostly because it required amending the Philippine Constitution to give American citizens and corporations equal access with Filipinos to the Philippines' natural resources. In addition the law also gave U.S. citizens the right to import goods without paying import duties and fixed the value of the Philippine peso to the U.S. dollar. Primicias and other opponents of the Bell Trade Act considered the measure an inexcusable surrender of Philippine sovereignty. Because ratification of the Bell Trade Act required a two-thirds vote of the House and the Senate, Primicias - with the eight other Congressmen and the three senators - were unseated from the Philippine Congress on spurious charges while the ratification process was underway in order to ensure its passage. Upon appeal to the Philippine Supreme Court all twelve legislators were reinstated, but by that time their temporary ejection had served its purpose and the Bell Trade Act had already been ratified. During his last term in the House (1946–1949), Primicias served as the Minority Floor Leader. From 1946 till 1964 he was the Nacionalista Party Vice-President. Senate In the 1951 Philippine midterm elections, Primicias was elected in an 8-0 shut-out by the Nacionalista Party to his first term as a Senator.", "title": "Cipriano Primicias Sr." }, { "docid": "615122", "text": "Winton Malcolm Blount, known as Red Blount (February 1, 1921 – October 24, 2002), was an American philanthropist and politician who served as the United States Postmaster General from January 22, 1969, to January 1, 1972. He founded and served as the chief executive officer of the large construction company, Blount International, based in Montgomery, Alabama. Blount was the last Postmaster General when the position was within the presidential Cabinet. Background Born in Union Springs, Alabama, Blount served in the United States Army Air Forces during World War II, having trained as a B-29 pilot. However, the war ended before his training was completed. Blount's first name was spelled with a \"y\" on his birth certificate, but he used Winton as an adult in his business dealings to avoid having to explain the unusual spelling. In 1946, Blount and his brother William Houston Blount started a building contractor company, Blount Brothers. The company worked on such construction projects as the First Avenue Viaduct in Birmingham, the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans, and Cape Canaveral's Complex 39A which launched Apollo 11 in Florida. In 1952, Blount was appointed the Alabama Chairman of Citizens for Eisenhower, then in 1960 Southeastern Campaign Chairman for Richard M. Nixon's unsuccessful presidential campaign against John F. Kennedy. In 1961, Blount was elected President of the Alabama Chamber of Commerce; in 1968, President of the United States Chamber of Commerce. In 1964, Blount was appointed by U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson to the National Citizens Committee for Community Relations to advise the White House on the enforcement of the new Civil Rights Act of 1964 even though Blount had expressed doubts about the new law. In 1969, Blount was appointed as the Postmaster General by U.S. President Richard Nixon, and he supervised the transition in 1971 of the U.S. Post Office Department from a Cabinet-level department of the U.S. government to a special independent executive agency. He was thus the last Cabinet-level Postmaster General, and he served as the first director of the new U.S. Postal Service. Blount's assistant Postmaster General was James M. Henderson. In 1971, Blount's profile was depicted alongside that of Benjamin Franklin's on the face of a silver proof coin commemorating the inauguration of the new Postal Service. The commemorative coin was offered in a carrier with one stamp bearing a Philadelphia postmark from the old Post Office, and another from Washington D.C., placed by the new Postal Service. U.S. Senate campaign, 1972 Blount faced in the general election the long-term incumbent Democrat, John Sparkman, who had been the 1952 Democratic candidate for vice president against Richard M. Nixon. From May 1972 to November 1972, future U.S. President George W. Bush transferred from the Texas Air National Guard to serve as the political director in Blount's campaign. The final results were Sparkman 654,491 (65.3 percent) to Blount's 347,523 (34.7 percent). Blount carried only traditionally Republican Winston and Houston counties and lost his home county of Montgomery. Later years In 1973, Blount returned to", "title": "Winton M. Blount" }, { "docid": "1047398", "text": "Patricia Nixon Cox ( Nixon; born February 21, 1946) is the elder daughter of the 37th United States president Richard Nixon and First Lady Pat Nixon, and the sister of Julie Nixon Eisenhower. She is married to Edward F. Cox and is the mother of Christopher Nixon Cox. In her father's public career, Cox performed a ceremonial role, in contrast to Julie's more political involvement. She accompanied him on many campaign stops and, after his inauguration, on state trips around the world. Early life Nixon was born on February 21, 1946, at Murphy Memorial Hospital in Whittier, California. She grew up in Washington, D.C., attending Horace Mann Elementary and the Sidwell Friends School. Later she attended the Chapin School in Manhattan. In 1964, she was presented as a debutante to high society at the International Debutante Ball at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in New York City. Edward Cox was her civilian escort at the ball. She briefly attended the now-defunct women's college Finch College, then Boston College in Boston, Massachusetts, graduating in 1968 with a Bachelor of Arts in English. At her graduation on June 14, 1968, her father served as a special guest speaker. Marriage and professional activities Tricia Nixon married Harvard Law student Edward F. Cox in a White House Rose Garden ceremony on June 12, 1971. In a 2015 interview with Max Foster for CNN regarding an upcoming visit to the United States, Charles, then Prince of Wales, recalled his first visit to the U.S. in 1970 as \"the time when they were trying to marry me off to Tricia Nixon\" who was nearly three years his senior and American. Nixon had represented the U.S. government along with former Vice President Hubert H. Humphrey at Charles' investiture in Caernarvon Wales one year earlier in July 1969. She has lived a very private life in the suburbs of New York, and was a stay-at-home mother to her son, Christopher Nixon Cox, born in March 1979. Her husband is now a corporate attorney and was a chairman of the New York Republican State Committee. She serves on the boards of many medical research institutions, as well as the Richard Nixon Foundation at the Nixon Library in California. Notes 1946 births 20th-century American women 21st-century American women American debutantes Morrissey College of Arts & Sciences alumni California Republicans Children of presidents of the United States Children of vice presidents of the United States Debutantes of the International Debutante Ball Finch College alumni Living people People from Whittier, California Nixon family Sidwell Friends School alumni Chapin School (Manhattan) alumni", "title": "Tricia Nixon Cox" }, { "docid": "2390001", "text": "Nathaniel Davis (April 12, 1925 – May 16, 2011) was a career diplomat who served in the United States Foreign Service for 36 years. His final years were spent teaching at Harvey Mudd College, one of the Claremont Colleges. Early years Davis was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, on April 12, 1925. His father, Harvey Nathaniel Davis, taught at Harvard University and his mother, Alice Rohde Davis, was a research medical doctor. In 1928, the family moved to the campus of Stevens Institute of Technology, in Hoboken, New Jersey, upon the appointment of Harvey Davis as the college's president. Nathaniel Davis attended the Stevens Hoboken Academy and graduated from Phillips Exeter Academy, in Exeter, New Hampshire, in 1942. He attended Brown University, where he served in the Navy Reserve. He graduated from Brown and obtained a commission as an ensign in the U.S. Navy in September 1944, but as a member of the Class of 1946. He served aboard the aircraft carrier until 1946. He earned a master's degree and ultimately a doctorate from the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy of Tufts University in 1960. Diplomatic career Davis began his Foreign Service career with an assignment in Prague in 1947, followed by postings in Florence, Rome and Moscow, before returning to the U.S. in 1956 to work at the Soviet Desk at the State Department in Washington, D.C. His next foreign assignment was in Caracas, Venezuela, from 1960 to 1962. From 1962 to 1965, he served in the Peace Corps, first as Special Assistant to the Director, R. Sargent Shriver, and later deputy director for Program Development and Operations. He left the Peace Corps in 1965 to serve as the United States Envoy to Bulgaria (1965–1966). After his ambassadorship in Bulgaria, he served on the staff of the National Security Council in the White House, as President Lyndon B. Johnson's senior advisor on Soviet and Eastern European affairs, as well as the United Nations. In 1968, he went to Guatemala to serve as Ambassador to Guatemala (1968–1971), followed by service as Ambassador to Chile (1971–1973). He was ambassador in Chile during the presidency of Salvador Allende and through the coup that deposed him. Davis wrote a history of that period called The Last Two Years of Salvador Allende. Upon his return from Chile, he held two positions at the assistant secretary level: as Director General of the Foreign Service (1973–1975) and as the Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs in the Ford administration from 1975 to 1976. Davis resigned from the latter post over a policy difference with then-Secretary of State, Henry Kissinger, regarding covert action in Angola. Resignation Operation IA Feature, a covert Central Intelligence Agency operation, authorized U.S. government support for Jonas Savimbi's National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) and Holden Roberto's National Liberation Front of Angola (FNLA) militants in Angola. President Gerald Ford approved the program on July 18, 1975, despite strong opposition from officials in the State Department, including Davis, and the", "title": "Nathaniel Davis" }, { "docid": "6414082", "text": "Francis Edward Meloy Jr. (March 28, 1917 – June 16, 1976) was a U.S. diplomat murdered in Beirut, Lebanon in 1976 by Lebanese leftist militants. Early life Meloy was born in Washington, D.C., on March 28, 1917, to Francis E. Meloy Sr. a government employee and geographer and Anne Teresa Connor. He served in the United States Navy during World War II spending four years in naval intelligence as a reserve officer. Diplomatic career After the war, he joined the State Department and 1946 he was posted Dhahran, Saudi Arabia as a vice consul. He returned in 1946 to Washington and served as the personal assistant to Secretary of State Dean Acheson until 1953. He resumed his career as a Foreign Service officer serving as a political officer in Saigon from 1953 until 1956 and then in Paris until 1959. In 1962 he was appointed as the Director of the Office of Western European Affairs until 1964, then as the deputy chief of mission in Rome. He was then promoted, serving as U.S. Ambassador to the Dominican Republic from 1969 to 1973, and Guatemala from 1973 to 1976. On April 21, 1976, President Gerald Ford appointed Meloy as Ambassador to Lebanon after the resignation of G. McMurtrie Godley due to illness. He would be approved by the Senate Foreign Relations Committee on April 27. Death At 10:40 on June 16, 1976, in Beirut, Meloy, the incoming U.S. Ambassador to Lebanon, accompanied by Robert O. Waring, the U.S. Economic Counselor, was on his way to present his credentials to the new Lebanese President-elect Elias Sarkis. Meloy, Waring and their driver, Zuhair Mohammed Moghrabi, were kidnapped by Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine members as they crossed the Green Line, the division between Beirut's Christian and Muslim sectors. Meloy had been in the country for a month, but not presented his credentials to the former president Suleiman Franjieh who had taken refuge outside Beirut and refused to step down. By 21:30, Lebanese television announced their bullet-riddled bodies had been found on a garbage dump near the beach in Ramlet al-Baida. In 2013, a report released by the CIA said that Meloy was assassinated by an \"extreme Lebanese leftist militia\" that had links with the PFLP. A succeeding US Ambassador to Lebanon, John Gunther Dean later stated that to the best of his knowledge, the PLO had nothing to do with the murder. The 2013 CIA report noted that the PLO had arrested five over the assassination but released them for lack of sufficient evidence. The PLO handed two culprits to the PFLP and they were later executed, the report added. See also Ambassadors of the United States killed in office List of kidnappings List of solved missing person cases References External links Presidential Proclamation honoring Ambassador Meloy & Counselor Waring 1917 births 1976 deaths 1976 murders in Lebanon American terrorism victims American people murdered abroad Ambassadors of the United States to the Dominican Republic Ambassadors of the United States to Guatemala", "title": "Francis E. Meloy Jr." }, { "docid": "2571290", "text": "Joseph Allen Frear Jr. (March 7, 1903 – January 15, 1993) was an American businessman and politician. A Democrat, he served as a United States Senator from Delaware from 1949 to 1961. He was defeated for a third term by Republican politician J. Caleb Boggs in 1960. Early life J. Allen Frear was born on a farm near Rising Sun, in Kent County, Delaware, to Joseph Allen and Clara (née Lowber) Frear. His mother died in 1922, and his father subsequently married her brother's daughter. Frear was a distant relative of Robert Freer, who served as chairman of the Federal Trade Commission. One of three children, he received his early education at local public schools, and graduated from Caesar Rodney High School in 1920. Frear studied at the University of Delaware in Newark, where he received a bachelor of science degree in agriculture in 1924. Following his graduation, he became operator of three farms and president of a retail business that distributed milk, fuel, farm machinery, and fertilizer. He served as commissioner of Delaware State College in Dover (1936–1941) and of the Delaware Old Age Welfare Commission (1938–1948). Also interested in banking, he was director (1938–1946) and chairman of the board (1946–1948) of the Federal Land Bank in Baltimore, Maryland. During World War II, he served as a major in the U.S. Army from 1944 to 1946. From 1947 to 1951, he was president of Kent General Hospital in Dover. Political career Frear was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1948, defeating incumbent Republican Senator C. Douglass Buck in a close race. During this term, he served in the Democratic majority in the 81st and 82nd Congresses, and the Democratic minority in the 83rd Congress. He was again elected to the U.S. Senate in 1954, defeating Republican Representative Herbert B. Warburton by a wider than expected margin. During this term, he again served with the Democratic majority in the 84th, 85th, and 86th Congresses. Frear did not sign the 1956 Southern Manifesto and voted in favor of the Civil Rights Act of 1960, while not voting on the Civil Rights Act of 1957. Frear narrowly lost his bid for a third term in 1960 to Republican Governor J. Caleb Boggs. In all, he served in the Senate from January 3, 1949, to January 3, 1961. After he left the Senate, President John F. Kennedy appointed him to the Securities and Exchange Commission, where he served from 1961 until 1963. Later he resumed his career in business and banking. Death and legacy Frear died at Dover and is buried in the Odd Fellows Cemetery at Camden, Delaware. The J. Allen Frear Federal Building at 300 South New Street in Dover is named in his honor. There is also an Allen Frear Elementary School in Camden. References Images Political and Historical Figures Portrait Gallery Portrait courtesy of Historical and Cultural Affairs, Dover. External links Biographical Directory of the United States Congress Delaware's Members of Congress The Political Graveyard Senator J. Allen Frear,", "title": "J. Allen Frear Jr." }, { "docid": "1118991", "text": "Phillips Lee Goldsborough I (August 6, 1865October 22, 1946), was an American Republican politician who was the 47th Governor of Maryland from 1912 to 1916 and represented the state in the United States Senate from 1929 to 1935. He was also Comptroller of the Maryland Treasury from 1898 to 1900. To date, he is the last Republican to serve as Comptroller of Maryland. Early life and career Goldsborough was born in Princess Anne, Maryland and was educated in public and private schools. While working as a clerk for the United States Navy, he studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1886, commencing practice in Cambridge, Maryland soon thereafter. He also held an interest in banking. In 1893 he married Mary Ellen Showell (c. 1865 – 1930) and they had two sons: Brice W. Goldsborough; and Phillips Lee Goldsborough II. In 1891 and in 1895, Goldsborough was elected state's attorney for Dorchester County, Maryland. In 1897, he was elected to the position of comptroller of the treasury of Maryland, but was defeated for reelection in 1899 by Dr. Joshua W. Hering. , he is the last Republican to have served as Maryland Comptroller. He was appointed collector of internal revenue for the district of Maryland in 1902 by President Theodore Roosevelt and later by President William Howard Taft. Governor of Maryland Over time, Goldsborough built a large base of support in the state, which encouraged him to run for Governor of Maryland in 1911. He defeated Democratic challenger Arthur Pue Gorman Jr., becoming only the second Republican governor in state history up to that time. Goldsborough's tenure as governor saw a great deal of education reform, including the appointment of school boards and teacher certification. It was also during his tenure that the state purchased the Maryland Agricultural College, which is now the University of Maryland, College Park. United States Senate Goldsborough sought the Republican nomination for the Class I U.S. Senate seat from Maryland in 1916, but was defeated in the Republican primary by Joseph I. France. He left politics afterwards and resumed his law practice in Cambridge, and also became president of the National Union Bank. When Republican Herbert Hoover was elected President of the United States, Goldsborough again sought the same senate seat in Maryland. He was elected to the United States Senate in the election of 1928, defeating incumbent William Cabell Bruce. Later career and death In 1934, he was not a candidate for re-election to the senate, but instead ran again for Governor of Maryland. He lost in the Republican primary to Harry W. Nice, who went on to win the general election. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt appointed Goldsborough to the director's board of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation in 1935. He served in that position until he died in 1946 in Baltimore, Maryland, and is buried in the old churchyard of Christ Episcopal Church of his hometown of Cambridge. References External links 1865 births 1946 deaths Comptrollers of Maryland Republican Party governors of", "title": "Phillips Lee Goldsborough" }, { "docid": "16952304", "text": "Mary Martin Ourisman (born February 27, 1946) is an American political consultant who served as U.S. Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Barbados and the Eastern Caribbean, comprising the countries of Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, and St. Vincent and the Grenadines. Mary was married to \"Bubba\" Johnson, and Steve Stiles previously. Biography Ourisman was born to Dr. Herbert and Aleen Martin in Texas, 1946. Her father was a dentist. She graduated from the University of Texas at Austin in 1970 with a Bachelor of Science degree. She also attended the Academy of Arts College in San Francisco and the New York School of Interior Design. She was married on July 9, 2019, to her fourth husband, Brig. Gen. Pete Dawkins. She is divorced from her first husband, Bubba, with whom she has one son, Colbert Johnson. Her second husband whom she also divorced was Steve Stiles. Third husband was Mandy Ourisman. From June 12, 1993 until his death on July 5, 2017, she was married to Mandell \"Mandy\" Ourisman, chairman of Ourisman Automotive Enterprises. She is a supporter of the arts, having organized fund raisers and served on numerous boards of directors for arts groups and museums. She was appointed to the Board of Trustees for the Kennedy Center by President Bush, and she sat on the board of trustees for the Washington National Opera. Ourisman was also on the board of directors for the Blair House, serving on the \"decorating committee,\" for the President's guest house for visiting foreign Heads of State. She served on the Smithsonian National Board in 1999. She has also served on the World Wildlife Fund National Council, McCain 2000, the Elizabeth Dole Committee, and George W. Bush for President (2004). The Ourismans have donated $443,620 to GOP candidates and committees since 1999. President George W. Bush announced his intention to name Ourisman the Ambassador to Barbados and the Eastern Caribbean on July 20, 2006, and submitted his formal nomination to the Senate the next day. The Senate confirmed Ourisman's nomination on September 13, 2006, she was appointed ambassador on October 11, and she arrived at the U.S. Embassy in Bridgetown, Barbados, on October 31. She is currently involved with the Trust For the National Mall. She has homes in Florida and California. References \|- \|- \|- \|- \|- \|- 1946 births Ambassadors of the United States to Antigua and Barbuda Ambassadors of the United States to Barbados Ambassadors of the United States to Dominica Ambassadors of the United States to Grenada Ambassadors of the United States to Saint Kitts and Nevis Ambassadors of the United States to Saint Lucia Ambassadors of the United States to Saint Vincent and the Grenadines American women ambassadors Living people Texas Republicans University of Texas at Austin alumni 21st-century American diplomats 21st-century American women", "title": "Mary M. Ourisman" }, { "docid": "44968500", "text": "Henry George Stebbins Noble (March 9, 1859 – February 6, 1946) was president of the New York Stock Exchange from 1914 to 1919. Early life Henry George Stebbins Noble was born in New York City, New York on March 9, 1859, and named after his maternal grandfather. He was a son of Timothy Fitzgerald Noble (b. 1827) and Fanny Juliet Stebbins (1834–1907). His maternal grandfather was Henry George Stebbins, a U.S. Representative from New York who also served as president of the New York Stock Exchange from 1851 to 1852, 1858–1859 and 1863–1864. His cousin, Rowland Stebbins, was a stockbroker and stage producer who won a Pulitzer Prize for The Green Pastures. Noble graduated from City College in 1880, where he was a member of Delta Kappa Epsilon. Career In 1880 after his graduation from college, he joined Henry G. Stebbins & Son, which was founded by his grandfather in 1847. From 1885 to 1888, he was member of Noble, Mestre & Doubleday. He later became a partner in Noble, Mestre & Doremus and Noble & Mestre. In 1902, he joined De Coppet & Doremus and remained a full partner until 1927 when he became a special partner. Beginning in 1882 when he bought his seat from his grandfather, he was a member of the New York Stock Exchange for fifty-six years until 1938. He served five consecutive terms as president of the New York Stock Exchange from May 1914 to May 1919. Upon his retirement in 1938, his seat went to his grandson, Henry Stebbins Noble, a partner in De Coppet & Doremus. Personal life On October 10, 1882, Noble was married to Clemencia Mestre (1864–1947), who was born in Havana, Cuba. Clemencia was a daughter of Jose Manuel Mestre and Paulina (née Alfonza) Mestre. Together, they were listed on the Social Register and were the parents of: Floyd Clark Noble (1884–1980), who married Dorothy Thayer (1889–1946), a daughter of Harry Bates Thayer, president and chairman of AT&T. After her death, he married his wife's younger sister, Ruth Thayer, a widow of Webb William Weeks. Gwendolyn Noble (1889–1986), who married John Burke Shethar, a son of Edwin Hall Shethar. He died on February 6, 1946, at 521 Park Avenue, his home in Manhattan. References Notes Sources 1859 births 1946 deaths People from Manhattan American bankers Presidents of the New York Stock Exchange", "title": "Henry George Stebbins Noble" }, { "docid": "307966", "text": "William Edward Miller (March 22, 1914 – June 24, 1983) was an American politician who served in the United States House of Representatives from New York as a Republican. During the 1964 presidential election, he was the Republican nominee for vice president, the first Catholic nominated for the office by the Republican Party. A native of Lockport, New York, Miller graduated from the University of Notre Dame in 1935, and from Albany Law School in 1938, afterwards becoming an attorney in Lockport. In 1942, he was appointed a commissioner for the U.S. District Court in Buffalo, New York. Miller served in the United States Army during World War II – first as a member of an intelligence unit in Richmond, Virginia, and then as a prosecutor of Nazi war criminals during the Nuremberg trials. Miller was an assistant district attorney in Niagara County, New York, from 1946 to 1948. In January 1948, the district attorney's position became vacant, and the governor of New York appointed Miller. Miller was elected to a full term later that year, and served as district attorney until January 1951, when he resigned. In 1950, Miller was a successful Republican candidate for the United States House of Representatives. He was re-elected six times, and served from January 1951 until January 1965. In 1960, he was selected to lead the National Republican Congressional Committee, and led Republicans to gain more than 20 seats in that year's elections. In 1961, he became chairman of the Republican National Committee, a position he used to advocate for the party to become more conservative. In 1964, Miller was selected as the Republican nominee for vice president. The ticket of Senator Barry Goldwater and Miller for vice president lost to the Democratic nominees, President Lyndon Johnson and Senator Hubert Humphrey. After leaving Congress, Miller resumed practicing law in Lockport. He died in Buffalo on June 24, 1983, and was buried at Arlington National Cemetery. Early life and education William Edward Miller was born in Lockport, New York on March 22, 1914, a son of Elizabeth Hinch and Edward J. Miller. He attended the parochial schools of Lockport, and graduated from Lockport High School in 1931. Miller attended the University of Notre Dame, where he graduated with a B.A. in 1935, and Albany Law School, from which he graduated with an LL.B. in 1938. He was admitted to the bar in 1938, and practiced in Lockport. In 1942, Miller was appointed a commissioner for the U.S. District Court in Buffalo. Career Military service Miller enlisted in the United States Army on July 1, 1942, and received training in the Military Intelligence branch. After serving with an Intelligence unit in Richmond, Virginia, in May 1945, Miller received his commission as a first lieutenant and was assigned to the War Criminals Branch of the War Department staff. In August 1945, he was assigned as assistant prosecutor of Nazi war criminals during the Nuremberg trials. Miller was discharged in March 1946, and returned to Lockport. Politics", "title": "William E. Miller" }, { "docid": "4930012", "text": "Joaquín Miguel Elizalde y Díaz (August 2, 1896 – February 9, 1965) was a Filipino diplomat and businessman. Personal life Elizalde was born on August 2, 1896, in Manila, the eldest child of José Joaquín Elizalde (who was the Philippine-born son of Joaquín Marcelino Elizalde e Yrisarry, an immigrant from Elizondo in Navarre, Spain) and Carmen Díaz Moreau (who was from Spain). Nicknamed \"Mike\", his siblings were Juan Miguel, Ángel, Manuel (nicknamed \"Manolo\"), Federico (nicknamed \"Fred\") and Carmen (nicknamed \"Carmenchu\"). He was educated at St. Joseph's College, London and Dr. Schmidt's Institute in St. Gallen, Switzerland. Elizalde was married to Elena von Kauffmann in 1924 and had two daughters, Cecilia and Elenita. The couple divorced in 1957. He later married Susan Magalona (born Susana Clarita Magalona y Gayoso, 1921-2014), daughter of Philippine senator Enrique Magalona and sister of Filipino actor Pancho Magalona. The couple had two children, Maria Theresa (nicknamed \"Tracey\") and Juan Miguel (nicknamed \"J.M.\", who died in 2007). Business career In 1936, Elizalde and his brothers established Elizalde & Company, Inc. after acquiring the major businesses of Ynchausti y Compañía, among them Ynchausti Shipping, Tanduay, YCO Paints and Floor Wax, and the Central Azucarera de La Carlota and Central Azucarera de Pilar (now Capiz Sugar Central) sugar refineries. Elizalde was the company's first president. After World War II, he decided to focus on his diplomatic career and was succeeded as president of the company by his brother Manolo. Diplomatic career Elizalde became an economic adviser to President Manuel L. Quezon in 1937 and 1938. He became a member of the National Economic Council 1937–1941 and 1952 and 1953, and of the Joint Preparatory Committee on Philippine Affairs in 1936 and 1937. He was also a member of the Council of State 1936 to 1941 and 1952 to 1953 and served as Major of the Cavalry Reserve, Philippine Army. As Resident Commissioner to the U.S. House of Representatives Elizalde was appointed Resident Commissioner to the U.S. House of Representatives on September 29, 1938, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Quintin Paredes and served until his resignation on August 9, 1944. He became a member of the war cabinet of President Quezon in 1941. As International Monetary Fund governor In 1946, he became a member of the board of governors of the International Monetary Fund and of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development until 1950 and was the Philippine ambassador to the United States from July 6, 1946, until January 1952. He was the first of only two former US congressmen to later serve as an ambassador from another country. Secretary of Foreign Affairs under President Quirino He also served as Secretary of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of the Philippines from 1952 to 1953, under the administration of President Elpidio Quirino and an economic adviser to the Philippine Mission at the United Nations, with the rank of Ambassador from 1956 to 1965. He represented the Philippines at the coronation of Elizabeth II on June 2,", "title": "Joaquín Miguel Elizalde" }, { "docid": "4478455", "text": "Charles William Whalen Jr (July 31, 1920 – June 27, 2011) was an American politician from Ohio. Whalen was a member of the Republican Party who served in the Ohio House of Representatives, Ohio State Senate, and the United States House of Representatives. In his six terms in the U.S. House, Whalen established himself in the liberal wing of the Republican Party and led opposition to U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War. Early life Born in Dayton, Ohio, Whalen graduated from Oakwood High School, from the University of Dayton with a degree in business administration in 1942, and from Harvard University Graduate School of Business in 1946. He enlisted in the United States Army during World War II and was discharged as a first lieutenant in 1946. After his discharge from the service, he worked at his father's company, Dayton Dress Company as a vice president from 1946 to 1952, and was a professor of economics and chairman of the department at the University of Dayton from 1962 to 1966. Ohio state legislator In 1954, Whalen was elected to the Ohio House of Representatives where he served for three terms until his election to the Ohio State Senate in 1960. He served three terms in the Senate before entering Congress. In 1962, he unsuccessfully sought the Republican nomination for Lieutenant Governor of Ohio. In a crowded primary, his main opponent in the race was John Brown, a former two-term Lieutenant Governor who also served as Governor for 11 days after the resignation of Frank Lausche. Whalen finished second taking 15.8% of the vote in the six-way primary. As a Senator, Whalen fought for a Fair Housing Law in Ohio. U.S. representative Whalen next ran for Congress in 1966. During the election, he walked 880 miles around his district to meet voters. In the general election, he defeated freshman incumbent Rodney Love with 53.8% of the vote. In five more races, Whalen was never seriously challenged. He won 78% of the vote in 1968, a year when Hubert H. Humphrey won his district. He followed that in 1970 and 1972 with 76% and 74%, respectively. In 1974, a year that the Republicans faced fallout from the Watergate scandal, he was the only Republican with no challengers in the primary or general election. Whalen had a liberal voting record in the House. In 1967, he and four other Republicans authored a position paper “How to End the Draft: The Case for an All-Volunteer Army” and introduced legislation to end the draft. He was also an opponent of the Vietnam War who supported legislation to reduce the military budget and to introduce a timetable for the withdrawal of American forces from Vietnam. In 1971, he and Lucien Nedzi introduced the Nedzi-Whalen Amendment to a military procurement bill that would have prohibited the use of funds for the bill to be used in Southeast Asia after the end of 1971. In his final term, he supported efforts to eliminate the B-1 bomber program. In", "title": "Charles W. Whalen Jr." }, { "docid": "76515944", "text": "Laurie Robinson (born July 7, 1946) is an American scholar and public servant who has held multiple positions across government, academia, and the nonprofit sector. Robinson's most notable roles include serving as Assistant Attorney General in charge of the U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs under former Presidents Bill Clinton and Barack Obama, and co-chairing Obama's Task Force on 21st Century Policing. She also served on the congressionally created Charles Colson Task Force on Federal Corrections and on an independent commission that explored the potential closure of New York City's Rikers Island jail complex. Most recently, Robinson served as founding Chair of the Board of Directors of the Council on Criminal Justice, a nonpartisan policy and research organization. Early life and education Robinson was born (July 7, 1946) and raised in Washington, D.C. She graduated magna cum laude and Phi Beta Kappa from Brown University in 1968 with a B.A. in Political Science. Career Robinson began her professional career as a journalist, spending three years reporting and editing for the Community News Service. In 1972, she joined the American Bar Association and spent seven years as assistant staff director for the criminal justice division and 14 years as director. During her tenure, she founded the ABA's Juvenile Justice Center and spearheaded initiatives on sentencing, federal criminal code reform, and indigent defense. From 1993 to 2000, Robinson served as the Senate-confirmed, presidentially appointed Assistant Attorney General in the U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs (OJP) under President Clinton. In 1998, she established OJP's Office of Domestic Preparedness, spearheading federal engagement with state and local governments concentrating on strategies to address crime. Throughout her time in office, Robinson spearheaded the most substantial surge in federal expenditure towards crime-related research in U.S. history. She launched projects focusing on violence against women, drug treatment courts, and law enforcement technology. After leaving the administration, Robinson served from 2001 to 2009 as a distinguished senior scholar in the University of Pennsylvania's Jerry Lee Center of Criminology and as executive director of its Forum on Crime and Justice. During this time, she also served as the Founding Director of the Master of Science Program in the university's Department of Criminology. In 2008, Robinson returned to government service when President Obama appointed her to a second tour as Assistant Attorney General in charge of OJP. In her time at OJP, she emphasized science and evidence-based programming. Notably, she led the launch of a project that improved the integration of evidence into OJP programs. Combined with her service under President Clinton, Robinson's time leading OJP is the longest of any director in the agency's 50-year history. In 2012, Robinson joined George Mason University as the Clarence J. Robinson Professor of Criminology, Law, and Society. She retired from this position in 2021, but she remains a Senior Fellow at the university's Center for Evidence-Based Crime Policy. President's Task Force on 21st Century Policing In 2014, President Obama named Robinson Co-Chair, with former Philadelphia and Washington, D.C.,", "title": "Laurie O. Robinson" }, { "docid": "18938721", "text": "William Hubbs Rehnquist ( ; October 1, 1924 – September 3, 2005) was an American attorney and jurist who served on the U.S. Supreme Court for 33 years. Rehnquist was an associate justice from 1972 to 1986 and the 16th chief justice from 1986 until his death in 2005. Considered a staunch conservative, Rehnquist favored a conception of federalism that emphasized the Tenth Amendment's reservation of powers to the states. Under this view of federalism, the Court, for the first time since the 1930s, struck down an act of Congress as exceeding its power under the Commerce Clause. Rehnquist grew up in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and served in the U.S. Army Air Forces from 1943 to 1946. Afterward, he studied political science at Stanford University and Harvard University, then attended Stanford Law School, where he was an editor of the Stanford Law Review and graduated first in his class. Rehnquist clerked for Justice Robert H. Jackson during the Supreme Court's 1952–1953 term, then entered private practice in Phoenix, Arizona. Rehnquist served as a legal adviser for Republican presidential nominee Barry Goldwater in the 1964 U.S. presidential election, and President Richard Nixon appointed him U.S. Assistant Attorney General of the Office of Legal Counsel in 1969. In that capacity, he played a role in forcing Justice Abe Fortas to resign for accepting $20,000 from financier Louis Wolfson before Wolfson was convicted of selling unregistered shares. In 1971, Nixon nominated Rehnquist to succeed Associate Justice John Marshall Harlan II, and the U.S. Senate confirmed him that year. During his confirmation hearings, Rehnquist was criticized for allegedly opposing the Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education (1954) and allegedly taking part in voter suppression efforts targeting minorities as a lawyer in the early 1960s. Historians debate whether he committed perjury during the hearings by denying his suppression efforts despite at least ten witnesses to the acts, but it is known that at the very least he had defended segregation by private businesses in the early 1960s on the grounds of freedom of association. Rehnquist quickly established himself as the Burger Court's most conservative member. In 1986, President Ronald Reagan nominated Rehnquist to succeed retiring Chief Justice Warren Burger, and the Senate confirmed him. Rehnquist served as Chief Justice for nearly 19 years, making him the fourth-longest-serving chief justice and the eighth-longest-serving justice overall. He became an intellectual and social leader of the Rehnquist Court, earning respect even from the justices who frequently opposed his opinions. As Chief Justice, Rehnquist presided over the impeachment trial of President Bill Clinton. Rehnquist wrote the majority opinions in United States v. Lopez (1995) and United States v. Morrison (2000), holding in both cases that Congress had exceeded its power under the Commerce Clause. He dissented in Roe v. Wade (1973) and continued to argue that Roe had been incorrectly decided in Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992). In Bush v. Gore, he voted with the court's majority to end the Florida recount in the 2000 U.S. presidential", "title": "William Rehnquist" }, { "docid": "64137438", "text": "The United Nations Secretary-General selection of 1946 took place at the opening session of the United Nations in London. The General Assembly first voted on the membership of the Security Council, which then selected the first Secretary-General of the United Nations. The United States and the United Kingdom supported Lester B. Pearson of Canada for Secretary-General, but the Soviet Union opposed Pearson since the permanent headquarters of the United Nations would be in North America. The Security Council compromised on Trygve Lie of Norway, who had lost the election for President of the General Assembly to Paul-Henri Spaak of Belgium. Background The Secretary-General of the United Nations is appointed by the General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council. However, the United Nations Charter provides little guidance for the appointment process. President of the General Assembly The Secretary-Generalship was initially overshadowed by the Presidency of the General Assembly. Trygve Lie of Norway and Paul-Henri Spaak of Belgium were the leading candidates for the Presidency. The United States and the Soviet Union favored Lie, but the other permanent members preferred Spaak. After discovering that Adlai Stevenson had picked Trygve Lie and approached the Norwegian and Soviet ambassadors to gain their support, U.S. Secretary of State James F. Byrnes decided that the United States had to vote for Lie to avoid \"break[ing] faith with two governments.\" Although Byrne thought that Lie's candidacy was hopeless, several Latin American countries decided to switch sides and vote with the United States. When the General Assembly opened on 10 January 1946, the Soviet Union nominated Lie and attempted to elect him by acclamation. After this maneuver was rejected, the General Assembly proceeded to vote by secret ballot. In the confusion, Spaak's supporters forgot to enter a formal nomination. Nevertheless, Paul-Henri Spaak defeated Trygve Lie for President of the General Assembly in a vote of 28–23. Candidates Consultations After the General Assembly elected the non-permanent members of the Security Council on 12 January 1946, attention turned to the Secretary-Generalship. The British government favored U.S. General Dwight D. Eisenhower, but Eisenhower turned down the nomination. The United States felt that \"no national of the Big Five should be selected for the post.\" The United States had favored Spaak for Secretary-General, with Alger Hiss noting that his only shortcoming was that he could not speak English. Although the State Department would be \"delighted\" with Lester B. Pearson of Canada, it felt that the Secretary-General would have to be \"non-American\" since the permanent UN headquarters would be in the United States. However, Spaak was only willing to serve as President of the General Assembly, and his election as president took him out of the running for Secretary-General. The permanent members met for informal consultations on 20 January 1946. U.S. Secretary of State James Byrnes nominated Lester B. Pearson, the Canadian Ambassador to the United States. Soviet ambassador Andrei Gromyko opposed Pearson on the basis of geography, nominating Stanoje Simic, the Yugoslav Ambassador to the United States. France then nominated", "title": "1946 United Nations Secretary-General selection" }, { "docid": "861330", "text": "James Howard McGrath (November 28, 1903September 2, 1966) was an American politician and attorney from Rhode Island. McGrath, a Democrat, served as U.S. Attorney for Rhode Island before becoming governor, U.S. Solicitor General, U.S. Senator, chairman of the Democratic National Committee, and Attorney General of the United States. Early life Born in Woonsocket, Rhode Island. McGrath was the son of James J. McGrath and the former Ida E. May. He graduated from the La Salle Academy in 1922, attended Providence College, and went to the Boston University Law School in 1929. McGrath married Estelle A. Cadorette on November 28, 1929; they adopted a son. David. From 1930 to 1934, he was the city solicitor of Central Falls, Rhode Island. During this time he was also interested in the real estate, insurance, and banking industries. He served as United States Attorney for the District of Rhode Island from 1934 to 1940. Governor of Rhode Island From 1941 to 1945, McGrath was Governor of Rhode Island, reorganizing the juvenile court system while sponsoring a workers' compensation fund and a labor relations board, but he resigned in the middle of his third term to accept appointment as Solicitor General of the United States (1945–1946). As governor, McGrath presided over a limited-purpose state constitutional convention in 1944. ... convention convened at the Rhode Island College of Education auditorium in Providence, March 28, 1944 for the purpose of amending the State constitution to eliminate voting registration requirements by members of the armed forces, merchant marines or persons absent from the state performing services connecting with military operations. Delegate continent totaled 200 with Governor J. Howard McGrath serving as president & William A. Needham of Providence as Secretary. Proposal put before the voters at a special election held April 11, 1944. Amendment passed with 7,122 voting for & 119 against. McGrath was elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate from Rhode Island in 1946 to join a Congress (the Eightieth, 1947 to 1949), where the opposition Republican Party had just replaced Democratic majorities in both houses. (See United States elections, 1946.) He was briefly chairman of the U.S. Senate Committee on the District of Columbia for the 81st Congress (to which the 1948 election had returned Democratic majorities). In the Senate, McGrath opposed reducing wartime economic controls and taxes, wishing to spend the latter instead on Social Security, national health insurance, and education. Chairman of Democratic National Committee He was chairman of the Democratic National Committee from 1947 to 1949. In managing President Harry Truman's successful 1948 election campaign, McGrath alienated white Southerners but won over crucial black constituencies by integrating the Democratic national headquarters staff. Attorney General Truman appointed McGrath Attorney General of the United States on August 24, 1949. After McGrath had refused to co-operate in a corruption investigation initiated by his own department, Truman asked for and received McGrath's resignation on April 3, 1952. Alternative accounts have contradictorily suggested that after a meeting of the Joint Chiefs of Staff at Truman's", "title": "J. Howard McGrath" }, { "docid": "31666554", "text": "George Harold Waldo Haag , FAIA, (July 14, 1910 - 1998) was an American architect focused on “school plant design and architecture,” based in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, who practiced nationally in the mid twentieth century but particularly in Pennsylvania. He was partners in the firms of Berninger, Haag & d'Entremont (fl. 1946-1946) and Haag & d'Entremont (fl. 1946-). Early life and education Haag was born on July 14, 1910, in Philadelphia. He attended Abington High School and earned his Bachelor of Architecture from the University of Pennsylvania's School of Fine Arts in 1934, and was affiliated with the university's architectural society in 1933. Architectural career Haag joined the AIA in 1945, and was named a fellow there in 1966. He worked as a draftsman from June 1936 to June 1937 at the offices of Edmund George Good, 915 Second Street, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, and transferred to work at Bernigner & Bower, 304 York Road, Jenkintown, as a senior draftsman from Jan 1937 to Sept 1939. Thereafter he practiced in Ivyland under his own name until February 1942 when he served in the U.S. Navy during World War II. After being discharged, he went back to his previous employer, Bernigner & Bower as a partner of Berninger, Haag & d'Entremont in 1946, and later Haag & d'Entremont from 1946 throughout the rest of his career. His principal partner was Paul Theodore d'Entremont. The firm worked from 445 Cedar Street, Jenkintown, Pennsylvania 19046. Haag served as president of the Bucks County AIA Chapter from 1961 to 1962, a board member of the Pennsylvania Society of Architects from 1961 to 1965, treasurer there in 1962, vice president there in 1963, president there in 1964, and regional director of Pennsylvania from 1966 to 1969. On the national level reflecting his chapter origins in a wealthy county, he was the chairman of the AIA fund-raising committee from 1966 to 1968, chairman of the headquarters committee from 1966 to 1968, and chairman of the task force on Turnkey in 1968, and member of the finance committee in 1968 as well as several other committees. He was licensed to practice in Delaware, Florida, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, before being nationally certified. In additional, Haag was also a lecturer at Dartmouth College in 1969, a panelist and moderator for many programs on school plant design and architectural discussions. Personal life Haag served on the executive committee of Bucks County, Pennsylvania, the Boys Scouts of American in 1962, the planning committee of Ivyland from 1964 onwards, and was on an adviser for the government advisory committee to the State Board of Education in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, from 1964 to 1969. Haag served in the U.S. Navy as a Lieutenant Commander from 1942 to 1945. In 1970, he lived on Green Meadows, Ivyland, Pennsylvania 18974. Works as Haag & d'Entremont 1960: Cold Spring Elementary School, Upper Moreland Township. Montgomery County, Pennsylvania (p. 28) 1960: Continental Arms Apartments, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania (p. 28) 1960: Herbert Hoover Elementary School, Middletown", "title": "George Harold Waldo Haag" }, { "docid": "62866", "text": "The United States Department of Energy (DOE) is an executive department of the U.S. federal government that oversees U.S. national energy policy and energy production, the research and development of nuclear power, the military's nuclear weapons program, nuclear reactor production for the United States Navy, energy-related research, and energy conservation. The DOE was created in 1977 in the aftermath of the 1973 oil crisis. It sponsors more physical science research than any other U.S. federal agency, the majority of which is conducted through its system of National Laboratories. The DOE also directs research in genomics, with the Human Genome Project originating from a DOE initiative. The department is headed by the secretary of energy, who reports directly to the president of the United States and is a member of the Cabinet. The current secretary of energy is Jennifer Granholm, who has served in the position since February 2021. The department's headquarters are in southwestern Washington, D.C., in the James V. Forrestal Building, with additional offices in Germantown, Maryland. History Formation and consolidation In 1942, during World War II, the United States started the Manhattan Project, a project to develop the atomic bomb, under the eye of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. After the war in 1946, the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) was created to control the future of the project. The Atomic Energy Act of 1946 also created the framework for the first National Laboratories. Among other nuclear projects, the AEC produced fabricated uranium fuel cores at locations such as Fernald Feed Materials Production Center in Cincinnati, Ohio. The Energy Reorganization Act of 1974 split the responsibilities of the AEC into the new Nuclear Regulatory Commission, which was charged with regulating the nuclear power industry, and the Energy Research and Development Administration, which was assigned to manage the nuclear weapon, naval reactor, and energy development programs. The 1973 oil crisis called attention to the need to consolidate energy policy. On August 4, 1977, President Jimmy Carter signed into law The Department of Energy Organization Act of 1977, (), which created the Department of Energy. The new agency, which began operations on October 1, 1977, consolidated the Federal Energy Administration, the Energy Research and Development Administration, the Federal Power Commission, and programs of various other agencies. Former Secretary of Defense James Schlesinger, who served under Presidents Nixon and Ford during the Vietnam War, was appointed as the first secretary. President Carter created the Department of Energy with the goal of promoting energy conservation and developing alternative sources of energy. He wanted to not be dependent on foreign oil and reduce the use of fossil fuels. With international energy's future uncertain for America, Carter acted quickly to have the department come into action the first year of his presidency. This was an extremely important issue of the time as the oil crisis was causing shortages and inflation. With the Three-Mile Island disaster, Carter was able to intervene with the help of the department. Carter made changes within the Nuclear Regulatory Commission", "title": "United States Department of Energy" }, { "docid": "49628132", "text": "John Harris Burt (April 11, 1918 – October 20, 2009) was an American prelate, civil rights activist, and social worker, who served as the eighth bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Ohio from 1967 to 1983. Early life and education Burt was born in Marquette, Michigan on April 11, 1918, to the Reverend Bates Gilbert Burt and Emily May Bailey. He was educated tat the high school of Pontiac, Michigan, before studying at Amherst College, from where he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in 1940. He also served as the managing editor of the college newspaper, president of his fraternity and vice president of his senior class. He then did some a post-graduate studies in Social Work at Columbia University, after which he worked as a social worker at Christodora House in New York City. He then enrolled at the Virginia Theological Seminary, and graduated with a Bachelor of Divinity in 1943. He was awarded a Doctor of Divinity from Amherst College in 1940, Youngstown University in 1958, the Virginia Theological Seminary in 1967, and Kenyon College in 1967. He married Martha May Miller on February 16, 1946. Ordained ministry Burt was ordained deacon in July 1943 by Bishop Frank W. Creighton of Michigan, and priest in January 1944, by Bishop William Scarlett of Missouri. He served as canon of the Cathedral chapter of Christ Church Cathedral in St. Louis, and as rector of St Paul's Church in St. Louis between 1943 and 1944. He then served as chaplain with the U.S. Navy between 1944 and 1946. In 1946, he became chaplain at the University of Michigan, while in 1950, he became rector of St John's Church in Youngstown, Ohio. Between 1957 and 1967, he served as rector of All Saints' Church in Pasadena, California, where he transformed the parish into a leading voice for social change. Bishop On May 20, 1966, Burt was elected Coadjutor Bishop of Ohio, and was consecrated on February 4, 1967, in Trinity Cathedral, Cleveland, Ohio, by Presiding Bishop John E. Hines. He succeeded as diocesan that same year, and retired in 1983. Civil Rights Burt was a friend of the Reverend Martin Luther King Jr., and was instrumental in organizing civil rights rallies in Los Angeles, notably the 1963 civil rights event in Wrigley Field that attracted 30,000 people, and the 1964 event that was attended by 15,000 in the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum. He also actively supported Cesar Chavez and the Farmworkers Movement. Burt was also a vocal opponent of the Vietnam War. He was chosen by the Presiding Bishop to serve as a delegate on an interfaith global tour that included visiting South Vietnam and attending the International Inter-Religious Symposium of Peace in New Delhi. After the 1978 fall of the steel industry in Youngstown, Ohio, he co-founded the Ecumenical Coalition of the Mahoning Valley, for which he was awarded the Thomas Merton Award. He was also a supporter of the ordination of women to the priesthood and was the first", "title": "John H. Burt" }, { "docid": "8239383", "text": "Prudence Bushnell (born 1946) is an American diplomat who served as the United States Ambassador to Kenya and as United States Ambassador to Guatemala. Early life and education Bushnell was born in Washington D.C. in 1946. Her father was a career member of the United States Foreign Service and as a result of her family's travels, she grew up in Iran, Germany, France and Pakistan. After obtaining a Bachelor's Degree from the University of Maryland, Bushnell received a graduate degree from Russell Sage College in Troy, New York. Career Following graduation, Bushnell went to work as a management consultant in Texas. She joined the foreign service in 1981 as an administrative track officer, with her first assignment being in Bombay, India. She then served as Deputy Chief of Mission under Ambassador George Moose at the U.S. Embassy in Dakar, Senegal. State Department and Rwanda 1994 genocide against Tutsi In 1993, Ambassador Moose was appointed Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs by President Bill Clinton. Bushnell accompanied Moose to serve as Deputy Assistant Secretary. Bushnell's time in Washington was marked by extreme tension in Africa. On October 3, 1993, 18 U.S. soldiers were killed and 73 wounded in an attempt to apprehend warlord Mohamed Farrah Aidid at the Battle of Mogadishu in Somalia. The American public was appalled at the deaths and support for American involvement in African affairs suffered as a result. It was against this backdrop that the Rwandan genocide began. On April 6, 1994, Rwandan President Juvénal Habyarimana and Cyprien Ntaryamira, the President of Burundi, were both killed when their plane was shot down on approach to Kigali Airport in Rwanda. Responsibility for the assassinations has never been clearly established, however, the resulting chaos was the catalyst for the massacre of Tutsis at the hands of Rwanda's Hutu majority. Bushnell, who had been visiting the area just weeks before, released a memorandum immediately following the assassinations. In it, she predicted widespread violence and the military take-over of the Rwandan government and urged the U.S. government to take action to maintain order. Partly as a result of the Somali incident, the U.S. government chose not to heed Bushnell's recommendations, and on the next day, April 7, the Rwandan genocide began when several Tutsi government officials and moderate Hutu Prime Minister Agathe Uwilingiyimana were killed by Hutu militias. Bushnell began calling Rwandan military officials in an attempt to persuade them to cease the slaughter. Without a military commitment, however, her pleas for a stop to the violence fell on deaf ears. On April 29, 1994, Bushnell spoke with Colonel Théoneste Bagosora, a Rwandan military official who had been identified as a leader of the genocide. She warned him that the State Department was aware of the violence and called for an end to the massacres. Bagosora was eventually arrested and sentenced to 35 years imprisonment for his role in the genocide. Bushnell's attempts to stop the genocide and her conversations with Bagosora are dramatised in the 2005 film Sometimes", "title": "Prudence Bushnell" }, { "docid": "5807102", "text": "The history of the Philippines from 1898 to 1946 is known as the American colonial period, and began with the outbreak of the Spanish–American War in April 1898, when the Philippines was still a colony of the Spanish East Indies, and concluded when the United States formally recognized the independence of the Republic of the Philippines on July 4, 1946. With the signing of the Treaty of Paris on December 10, 1898, Spain ceded the Philippines to the United States. The interim U.S. military government of the Philippine Islands experienced a period of great political turbulence, characterized by the Philippine–American War. Beginning in 1906, the military government was replaced by a civilian government—the Insular Government of the Philippine Islands—with William Howard Taft serving as its first governor-general. A series of insurgent governments that lacked significant international and diplomatic recognition also existed between 1898 and 1904. Following the passage of the Philippine Independence Act in 1934, a Philippine presidential election was held in 1935. Manuel L. Quezon was elected and inaugurated as the second president of the Philippines on November 15, 1935. The Insular Government was dissolved and the Commonwealth of the Philippines, intended to be a transitional government in preparation for the country's full achievement of independence in 1946, was brought into existence. After the World War II Japanese invasion in 1941 and subsequent occupation of the Philippines, the United States and Philippine Commonwealth military completed the recapture of the Philippines after Japan's surrender and spent nearly a year dealing with Japanese troops who were not aware of the war's end, leading up to U.S. recognition of Philippine independence on July 4, 1946. Philippine Revolution and the Spanish–American War The Philippine Revolution began in August 1896 and ended with the Pact of Biak-na-Bato, a ceasefire between the Spanish colonial governor-general Fernando Primo de Rivera and the revolutionary leader Emilio Aguinaldo that was signed on December 15, 1897. The terms of the pact called for Aguinaldo and his militia to surrender. Other revolutionary leaders were given amnesty and a monetary indemnity by the Spanish government in return for which the rebel government agreed to go into exile in Hong Kong. The failure of Spain to engage in active social reforms in Cuba as demanded by the United States government was the basic cause for the Spanish–American War. President William McKinley issued an ultimatum to Spain on April 19, 1898. Spain found it had no diplomatic support in Europe, but nevertheless declared war; the U.S. followed on April 25 with its own declaration of war. Theodore Roosevelt, who was at that time Assistant Secretary of the Navy, ordered Commodore George Dewey, commanding the Asiatic Squadron of the United States Navy, to Hong Kong before the declaration of war. From there, Dewey's squadron departed on April 27 for the Philippines, reaching Manila Bay on the evening of April 30. The Battle of Manila Bay took place on May 1, 1898, with American victory being achieved in a matter of hours. The unexpected rapidity", "title": "History of the Philippines (1898–1946)" }, { "docid": "25578738", "text": "Mari Carmen Aponte (born 1946) is an American attorney and diplomat who has served as the United States Ambassador to Panama in the Biden administration since November 2022. She previously served as acting assistant secretary of state for Western Hemisphere affairs on May 5, 2016. She also served as U.S. ambassador to El Salvador from August 2010 until December 2011 and again from June 14, 2012, until December 2015. Before that she was serving as a member of the board of directors of Oriental Group, a major financial and banking services enterprise in Puerto Rico. President Obama also nominated her as the United States' permanent representative to the Organization of American States, but the Senate had not acted upon that nomination upon adjournment in December 2014. Early life and education Aponte was born in Puerto Rico in 1946. She obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree in Political Science from Rosemont College, a Master of Arts in theater from Villanova University, and a Juris Doctor from the Temple University Beasley School of Law, one of a few female law students enrolled under an affirmative action program, after serving a stint as a public school teacher. Career In 1979, she was appointed a White House Fellow by President Jimmy Carter, serving as a special assistant to former Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Moon Landrieu. Clinton administration In 1998, President Bill Clinton nominated Aponte to serve as the United States' ambassador to the Dominican Republic. However, Aponte asked that her nomination be withdrawn from consideration by the Senate after her involvement with Roberto Tamayo was made public. After Aponte's nomination was withdrawn, Clinton designated Aponte a special assistant in the Office of Presidential Personnel. Puerto Rico Federal Affairs Administration In 2001, Puerto Rico Governor Sila Calderón appointed Aponte to be executive director of the Puerto Rico Federal Affairs Administration, a post she held until 2004. Obama administration Aponte was serving as a member of the District of Columbia Judicial Nomination Commission when President Obama nominated her in December 2009 to serve as the United States Ambassador to El Salvador. After the Senate failed to act upon her nomination over a period of eight months, Obama gave Aponte a recess appointment to the post in August 2010 and she stayed until 2011. In 2011, Aponte helped organize and hosted President Obama's state visit to El Salvador as part of a Latin American tour that also included Brazil and Chile. In August 2011, she personally hosted a visit from U.S. Supreme Court Justice Sonia Sotomayor, who was meeting with Salvadoran counterparts. In December 2011, Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid filed for cloture on Aponte's nomination, in an effort to break Senate Republicans' filibuster of her nomination. However, the cloture vote failed by a vote of 49–37. Aponte returned to the United States at the end of December 2011, when her recess appointment expired. On June 14, 2012, the Senate confirmed Aponte to be the ambassador by voice vote. She presented her credentials on August", "title": "Mari Carmen Aponte" }, { "docid": "16459971", "text": "Richard Nixon served as the 37th president of the United States from 1969 to 1974. He previously served as the 36th vice president of the United States from 1953 to 1961, and as a United States senator from 1950 to 1953 and United States representative from 1947 to 1950. U.S. Congressional Elections (1946-1950) U.S. House Elections (1946, 1948) 1946 1948 Nixon ran unopposed in and won the 1948 Republican primary. U.S. Senate Election (1950) Presidential Elections (Pre-1962) 1952 U.S. Presidential Election 1952 Republican National Convention (Vice Presidential tally): Richard Nixon - 1,206 (100.00%) 1952 United States Presidential Election Results: Source (Popular Vote): Source (Electoral Vote): 1956 U.S. Presidential Election 1956 Republican Party presidential primaries: Dwight Eisenhower (incumbent) - 5,008,132 (85.93%) John W. Bricker - 478,453 (8.21%) Unpledged - 115,014 (1.97%) William F. Knowland - 84,446 (1.45%) Joe Foss - 59,374 (1.02%) S.C. Arnold - 32,732 (0.56%) Richard Nixon - 316 (0.01%) Others - 49,967 (0.85%) 1956 Republican National Convention (Vice Presidential tally): Richard Nixon (inc.) - 1,323 (100.00%) 1956 United States Presidential Election Results: Source (Popular Vote): Source (Electoral Vote): 1960 U.S. Presidential Election 1960 Republican Presidential Primaries: Richard Nixon - 4,975,938 (86.63%) Unpledged - 314,234 (5.47%) George H. Bender - 211,090 (3.68%) Cecil H. Underwood - 123,756 (2.16%) James L. Lloyd - 48,461 (0.84%) Nelson Rockefeller - 30,639 (0.53%) Frank R. Beckwith - 19,677 (0.34%) John F. Kennedy - 12,817 (0.22%) Barry Goldwater - 3,146 (0.06%) Paul C. Fisher - 2,388 (0.04%) Adlai Stevenson - 694 (0.01%) Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. - 514 (0.01%) Dwight D. Eisenhower (write-in) - 172 (0.00%) Styles Bridges - 108 (0.00%) 1960 Republican National Convention (Presidential tally): Richard Nixon - 1,321 (99.25%) Barry Goldwater - 10 (0.75%) 1960 United States Presidential Election Results There were 537 electoral votes, up from 531 in 1956, because of the addition of 2 U.S. Senators and 1 U.S. Representative from each of the new states of Alaska and Hawaii. (The House of Representatives was temporarily expanded from 435 members to 437 to accommodate this, and would go back to 435 when reapportioned according to the 1960 census.) Source (Popular Vote):Note: Sullivan / Curtis ran only in Texas. In Washington, Constitution Party ran Curtis for President and B. N. Miller for vice-president, receiving 1,401 votes. Source (Electoral Vote): (a) This figure is problematic; see Alabama popular vote above. (b) Byrd was not directly on the ballot. Instead, his electoral votes came from unpledged Democratic electors and a faithless elector. (c) Oklahoma faithless elector Henry D. Irwin, though pledged to vote for Richard Nixon and Henry Cabot Lodge Jr., instead voted for non-candidate Harry F. Byrd. However, unlike other electors who voted for Byrd and Strom Thurmond as Vice President, Irwin voted for Barry Goldwater as Vice President. (d) In Mississippi, the slate of unpledged Democratic electors won. They cast their 8 votes for Byrd and Thurmond. California Gubernatorial Election (1962) Presidential Elections (Post-1962) 1964 U.S. Presidential Election 1964 Republican Presidential Primaries: Barry Goldwater - 2,267,079 (38.33%) Nelson Rockefeller -", "title": "Electoral history of Richard Nixon" }, { "docid": "40112910", "text": "Leo Henry Bartemeier (September 12, 1895 – October 9, 1982) was an American physician, psychoanalyst, and educator. He was President of the American Psychiatric Association. Biography Bartemeier was born on September 12, 1895, in Muscatine, Iowa, into a Roman Catholic family. He attended the local parochial school and then enrolled in St. Mary's College (Kansas), a Jesuit center, and completed two years of college. He learned shorthand and typing when working for the Associated Press. He transferred and completed college at The Catholic University of America in Washington, DC, earning a Bachelor of Arts and Master of Arts degrees, following acceptance of his thesis on animal research. He entered Georgetown Medical College and earned his MD in 1920. His first medical residency was at the Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit and then, in 1924, he began his second residency in psychiatry in Baltimore, Maryland, under Adolf Meyer (psychiatrist). During this period, he published his first paper, \"Decerebrate Rigidity of the Sloth\", in 1926. He returned to Detroit in 1926 to begin his private psychiatric practice. In 1930, he began psychoanalytic training in Chicago, and in 1938, he became a training analyst. He was the first psychoanalyst in Detroit and helped to found the Detroit Psychoanalytic Society in 1940. He was president of the Society from 1940 to 1946. In 1945, during World War II, he was Chairman of a Commission to study combat exhaustion in Europe, and served as a consultant to the U.S. Army Surgeon General. After 1944, he was an associate professor at Wayne State University Medical School (1946-1950), director of the Veterans Psychiatric Clinic at the Harper Hospital (1946-1950), and the first visiting professor of psychiatry at the University of Michigan (1950-1954). In 1954, Bartemeier moved to Baltimore to head Seton Hospital, a private mental hospital, where he practiced until 1980. Bartemeier's professional life was filled with teaching and professional activities. He actively worked with the American Psychoanalytic Association (president, 1944–1945); director of the professional staff at the Haven Sanitarium (1942-1954); and director of professional education at the Pontiac State Hospital (1949-1954). In 1952, when the American Medical Association established a Council on Mental Health, he was its first chairman. He was Chairman of the Joint Commission of Mental Health in the 1950s. The U.S. Congress authorized the Joint Commission to make recommendations to improve mental health programs. The commission's recommendations resulted in legislation. He was secretary and president of the American Psychiatric Association (1951-1952). He was president of the Group for Psychiatry; a founder and president of the Detroit Psychoanalytic Institute; president of the American Psychoanalytic Society; and president of the International Psychoanalytic Association, an office he accepted after consultation with Pope Pius XII. At the request of the World Health Organization (WHO), he traveled to Ireland to consult on mental health programs for children which led to the establishment of the first child guidance clinic in Ireland. He helped found the Cornelian Corner to promote child-mother interactions. His consultant and committee appointments included the National", "title": "Leo H. Bartemeier" }, { "docid": "3516019", "text": "Kenneth Patrick O'Donnell (March 4, 1924 – September 9, 1977) was an American political consultant and the special assistant and appointments secretary to President John F. Kennedy from 1961 until Kennedy's assassination in November 1963. O'Donnell was a close friend of President Kennedy and his younger brother Robert F. Kennedy. O'Donnell, along with Larry O'Brien and David Powers, was part of the group of Kennedy's close advisers dubbed the \"Irish Mafia.\" O'Donnell also served as an aide to President Lyndon B. Johnson from 1963 to 1965. He later served as an adviser to Robert Kennedy's 1968 presidential campaign. Early life O'Donnell was born in Worcester, Massachusetts, and raised in Boston. Both of his parents were Catholics of Irish descent. He was the son of Alice M. (Guerin) and Cleo Albert O'Donnell, who was the football coach at the College of the Holy Cross Crusaders for two decades, and later athletics director for all sports activities. O'Donnell's older brother, also named Cleo, was a football star at Harvard during the 1940s. O'Donnell graduated from high school during World War II and then served in the U.S. Army Air Forces (1942–1945), where he flew 30 missions as a bombardier in a B-17 squadron before being shot down over Belgium. \"He was imprisoned, escaped, and emerged with the Distinguished Flying Cross and Air Medal with Four Oak Leaf Clusters.\" Following the war, he studied at Harvard College (1946–1949) and met Robert F. Kennedy, where they were roommates as well as teammates on the Harvard football team; O'Donnell became team captain in 1948. The two remained close friends until Kennedy's assassination in 1968. Following graduation from Harvard, O'Donnell attended law school at Boston College from 1950–51. He later worked as a salesman for the Hollingsworth & Vose Paper Company and then the Whitney Corporation, both in Boston, from 1951 to 1952. O'Donnell later worked in public relations from 1952 to 1957. Career O'Donnell's friendship with Robert Kennedy led to his involvement with the Kennedy family's political careers. In 1946, Robert Kennedy enlisted him to work on the first congressional campaign of his elder brother, John F. Kennedy. In 1952, O'Donnell and Robert Kennedy campaigned together to get John elected to the U.S. Senate. O'Donnell then went on to serve as John Kennedy's unpaid political observer in Massachusetts, until 1957, when he became assistant counsel to the Senate Labor Rackets Committee, where he worked for Robert Kennedy, who had been appointed chief counsel of the Committee. In 1958, O'Donnell became a member of Senator John Kennedy's staff, where he was later a key organizer and adviser during Kennedy's presidential campaign in 1960. The following year, he became President Kennedy's special assistant and Appointments Secretary. He later advised the President during the lead up to the Bay of Pigs invasion and during the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis. O'Donnell arranged President Kennedy's trip to Dallas in November 1963 and was in a car just behind the president's limousine when Kennedy was assassinated. Kennedy's death was an enormous", "title": "Kenneth O'Donnell" }, { "docid": "637131", "text": "William Grant Stratton (February 26, 1914 – March 2, 2001), was an American politician who served as the 32nd governor of Illinois from 1953 to 1961. Early life and career Born February 26, 1914 in Ingleside, Lake County, Illinois, the son of William J. Stratton, an Illinois politician and former Secretary of State, and Zula Van Wormer Stratton, he served two non-consecutive terms as an at-large representative from Illinois after he was elected in 1940 and 1946. He was elected State Treasurer in 1942 and 1950. Mr. Stratton was educated in the public schools of Lake County, Illinois and graduated from the University of Arizona in 1934 with a degree in Political Science. In 1953, he received the annual alumni award from his alma mater. He holds honorary degrees from the University of Arizona, Bradley University, Lincoln Memorial University, Elmhurst, North Central and Shurtlell Colleges and John Marshall Law School. He was first elected to the United States Congress from the state at-large in 1940. At 26, he was the youngest member of the 77th Congress. Following this two year term, he was elected State Treasurer. In 1944 he volunteered for service in the U.S. Navy and served in the Pacific Theatre of Operations in World War II. He joined the U.S. Navy, where he served as a lieutenant from 1944 to 1946. Returning to civilian life in 1946, he was elected to the U.S. Congress from the state-at-large for a second time. While in Congress he served on the following committees; Banking and Currency, Flood Control, Civil Service and District of Columbia. In 1950 he was elected State Treasurer for a second term. Mr. Stratton reduced substantially the cost of operating this office during his administration. Mr. Stratton was inaugurated as the 32nd Governor of Illinois on January 12, 1953. At 38, he was the youngest man to hold this office in 70 years. He was re-elected to a second term in 1956. After his military service, Stratton returned to politics, serving as a delegate to the 1952, 1956, 1960 and 1976 Republican National Conventions. He served on the Executive Committee of the Governors' Conference and in 1955 brought the annual meeting of the nation's governors to Illinois for the first time in history. In 1957, Governor Stratton was named chairman of the Governors' Conference, and served as president of the Council of State governments in 1958. In 1959, he was a member of the group of American Governors which visited Russia. He was a candidate for Republican nomination for Vice President in 1960. The Illinois governor has been instrumental in developing Governors' Conference programs in the fields of highway construction, traffic safety, and federal state governmental relations. President Eisenhower, in 1958, named Governor Stratton a member of the Lincoln Sesquicentennial commission and in 1959, Mr. Stratton was a delegate to the Republican National Convention, and in the latter year led the Illinois delegation as its chairman. Governor He won the Republican nomination for governor in 1952 and defeated", "title": "William Stratton" }, { "docid": "2424490", "text": "James Sinclair Armstrong II CBE (October 15, 1915 – November 5, 2000) was an American banker and lawyer who served as chairman of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission between 1955 and 1957 and also served as a member from 1957 to 1961. He was Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Financial Management and Comptroller) from 1957 to 1959. Early life Armstrong was born in Manhattan on October 15, 1915, and was christened at St. Bartholomew's Episcopal Church in 1916. He was a son of lawyer Sinclair Howard Armstrong (1881–1980) and nutritionist Katharine Martin (née LeBoutillier) Armstrong (1886–1977). His brother was Dr. S. Howard Armstrong Jr. The family spent summers at his mother's farm in Washington, Connecticut and his father's camp on Chappaquiddick Island in Edgartown on Martha's Vineyard His maternal grandparents were Sarah Graydon (née Martin) LeBoutillier and Charles LeBoutillier of 136 East 36th Street, was a partner in LeBoutillier Brothers, a family business that was one of the first retail chain stores in America. His paternal grandparents were James Sinclair Armstrong and Lizzie Howard (née Welsh) Armstrong. He graduated from Milton Academy in 1934, followed by Harvard College, where he served as editorial chairman of The Harvard Crimson and was a member of the Hasty Pudding Club and the Fox Club, before attending Harvard Law School. Career After his graduation from law school, he passed the New York State bar exam in June 1941 before being admitted to the Illinois bar in November 1941. He joined Isham Lincoln & Beale, a law firm in Chicago that was founded by Edward Swift Isham and Robert Todd Lincoln (son of President Abraham Lincoln). Armstrong was later made a partner in the firm, where he specialized in corporate securities. From 1942 to 1944, and again from 1946 to 1948, he studied accounting at Northwestern University. Public service From 1945 to 1946, he served in the Office of the General Counsel of the Navy in Washington, D.C. Between 1945 and 1946, he was on active duty with the U.S. Naval Reserve. In 1953, President Dwight D. Eisenhower named him to the Securities and Exchange Commission, and from 1955 to 1957, he was chairman of the agency. While chairman, he was known for his work towards tougher rules the selling of stocks and bonds and for advertising. In February 1961, Armstrong wrote an editorial to The New York Times praising President Kennedy's appointment of William L. Cary as chairman of the agency and former U.S. Senator J. Allen Frear Jr. to the commission. In 1957, Eisenhower appointed him Assistant Secretary of the Navy and Comptroller of the Navy Department to succeed William B. Franke (who became Under Secretary of the Navy). While Assistant Secretary, he is known for his efforts to establish controls to rein in costs while the Navy was adapting to nuclear power, missiles, and rockets. Later career On January 2, 1959, Armstrong left public office to become executive vice president of The United States Trust Company in New York, where he", "title": "J. Sinclair Armstrong" }, { "docid": "303966", "text": "George Lloyd Murphy (July 4, 1902 – May 3, 1992) was an American actor and politician. Murphy was a song-and-dance leading man in many big-budget Hollywood musicals from 1930 to 1952. He was the president of the Screen Actors Guild from 1944 to 1946, and was awarded an honorary Oscar in 1951. Murphy served from 1965 to 1971 as U.S. Senator from California, the first notable American actor to be elected to statewide office in California, predating Ronald Reagan and Arnold Schwarzenegger, who each served two terms as governor. He is the only United States Senator represented by a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Early life Murphy was born in New Haven, Connecticut, of Irish Catholic extraction, the son of Michael Charles \"Mike\" Murphy, athletic trainer and coach, and the former Nora Long. He was educated at Trinity-Pawling School, Peddie School and Yale University in his native New Haven. Career Film In movies, Murphy was known as a song-and-dance man and appeared in many big-budget musicals such as Broadway Melody of 1938 (1937), Broadway Melody of 1940 (1940) and For Me and My Gal (1942). He made his movie debut shortly after talking pictures had replaced silent movies in 1930, and his career continued until he retired as an actor in 1952, at the age of 50. During World War II, he organized entertainment for American troops. In 1951, he was awarded an honorary Academy Award. He was never nominated for an Oscar in any competitive category. On March 14, 1951, he hosted the first ever Eddie Awards for American Cinema Editors. He was the president of the Screen Actors Guild from 1944 to 1946. He was also a vice president of Desilu Productions and of the Technicolor Corporation. He was director of entertainment for presidential inaugurations in 1953, 1957 and 1961. Politics Murphy entered politics in 1952 by joining the leadership of the California Republican Party, having also directed the entertainment for the Eisenhower-Nixon inauguration that same year. In 1964, he was elected as a Republican to the Senate, having defeated Pierre Salinger, the former presidential press secretary in the Kennedy White House, who had been appointed several months earlier to serve the remainder of the late Clair Engle's unexpired term. Murphy served from January 1, 1965, to January 1, 1971. He took his seat two days early, when Salinger resigned to allow Murphy to gain an edge in seniority; Murphy was then appointed by Democratic Governor Pat Brown to serve the remaining two days of Salinger's term. (In turn, Murphy resigned two days before his term expired, extending the same courtesy to his successor.) Murphy was in demand for a time to assist other Republican candidates seeking office. In 1966, he hosted a fundraising dinner in Atlanta, for U.S. Representative Howard \"Bo\" Callaway, the first Republican candidate for Governor of Georgia since Reconstruction. In the election, Callaway outpolled Democrat Lester Maddox, but did not get a majority, and the state legislature elected Maddox. In 1967 and", "title": "George Murphy" }, { "docid": "4595434", "text": "John Watson Creighton Jr. (September 1, 1932 – January 29, 2020) was an American executive who served for nine years, from 1988 to 1997, as president and chief executive officer of Weyerhaeuser, a $7 billion, publicly traded timber company. In addition to Weyerhaeuser, he also served in senior management and executive positions with United Airlines, the University of Puget Sound, the U.S. Department of the Army, and the Boy Scouts of America. Earlyt life and education Creighton was born September 1, 1932, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He earned a B.S. from Ohio State University in 1954, a LLB from Ohio State in 1957, and an MBA from the School of Business at the University of Miami. Creighton was also a certified public accountant. Career Creighton served as president and chief executive officer of Weyerhaeuser Company from 1988 through 1997. He was the first chair of Weyerhaeuser who was not a member of the Weyerhaeuser family. He also served as chairman and chief executive officer of UAL Corporation, the parent company of United Airlines. Civic work Creighton earned the Eagle Scout rank from the Boy Scouts of America (BSA) in 1946. As an adult, he was recognized for outstanding career and civic work by the BSA and awarded their Distinguished Eagle Scout Award. From 1997 to 1998, he served as the national president of the BSA. As national president, Creighton emphasized Scouting's traditional values and supported the growth of the BSA. Creighton said, \"Scouting has always reflected the expectations of the American family. That so many American parents have chosen to involve their children in Scouting is a powerful testament to Scouting's effectiveness in building character in American youth.\" Personal life Creighton served in the U.S. Army. Prior to his death in 2020, at the age of 87, he served on the board of directors of Saltchuk, a transportation and distribution company. He and his wife had three children. His son and namesake, John W. Creighton III, served as a commissioner of the Port of Seattle. Footnotes References External links Obituary at The Seattle Times 1932 births 2020 deaths American chief executives Ohio State University alumni Ohio State University Moritz College of Law alumni Presidents of the Boy Scouts of America University of Miami Business School alumni", "title": "John W. Creighton Jr." } ]	[ "Harry S. Truman" ]
train_45911	when did the movie jesus christ superstar come out	[ { "docid": "1518936", "text": "Glenn Carter (born 27 March 1964) is an English stage actor and singer-songwriter performing leading roles in musicals staged in London's West End. Early life Carter was born in Staffordshire, England. He trained at the Arts Educational School in London. Performing career West End productions Carter has appeared on London's West End stages in musical productions such as Jesus Christ Superstar, Grease, Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat, Chess, Whistle Down the Wind, and Les Misérables. In 2008, Carter took up the role of \"Tommy DeVito\" in the London premiere of the musical, Jersey Boys, a part which he continued to play until March 2010. Carter has been cast as Jesus in several productions of Jesus Christ Superstar. In 1996, 16 years after the closure of the original production of Jesus Christ Superstar, the Really Useful Theatre Company revived the show in the West End, in which Carter was originally cast as Simon Zealotes before replacing Steve Balsamo as Jesus. In 1998, Really Useful mounted a touring production in the UK which did not include Carter in any of the leading roles. Other In 2011, Carter played the title role in Floyd Collins at Southwark Playhouse directed by Derek Bond. Carter has also worked in repertory theatre at the Derby Playhouse, his most recent role being Buzz Aldrin in \"Moon Landing\". He has played roles in the TV shows The Bill and Doctors. Carter was cast as the corrupt and hypocritical fictitious chat show host Patrick Chase in British music act Chase and Status video for their 2010 single \"Let You Go\". A film adaptation of \"Jesus Christ Superstar\" was released in 2000, starring Carter as Jesus, Jérôme Pradon as Judas, Renee Castle as Mary Magdalene and Rik Mayall as Herod. The film was directed by Gale Edwards and Nick Morris. Involvement with the Raëlian Movement Carter has been the Leader of the UK branch of the Raëlian Movement since 2002. According to Raëlian doctrine, humans were created by extraterrestrials. The organisation's head, Raël (former auto racer Claude Vorilhon), founded the Movement in 1973 at the request of the President of the extraterrestrials′ governing body and declared that the world should be governed in the form of a \"money-less society, governed by a World College of Geniuses\". In 2002, in the week following the claim by Clonaid (which has ties to Raëlism) to have cloned a human, Carter told the press \"the evidence would be supplied in the next few days\". In February 2003, it was announced that Carter would participate in a panel debate on the ethics of human cloning before an audience of Oxford University students. Notes References Caplan, Arthur. 2003. Media bungled clone claim coverage. MSNBC, 3 January 2003. Infoplease.com. Drama League Awards. International Academy of Television Arts and Sciences. International Emmies Website. Internet Movie Database. The Oxford Student Rael.org. Raelpress.org (online press release center of the Raelian Church). Schwitzer, Gary. 2003. Cloning announcement spawns ethical debate. Bulletin of University of Minnesota Silha Center for the Study", "title": "Glenn Carter" }, { "docid": "11588041", "text": "Robert Franklin Bingham (born October 29, 1946) is a retired American actor and singer. Bingham is best known for playing the role of Caiaphas in Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice's rock opera Jesus Christ Superstar in the first USA concert tour, original Broadway cast, original French cast, and in the 1973 film version. Life and career Bingham was born in Seattle and raised in Edmonds, Washington. He attended the University of Washington for three years and studied singing with Ernest J. Anderson and acting with Larry and Pamela Liester's Home Adjunct, Inc. His first professional appearance was in a touring production of the musical Hair in 1970, first at the Moore Theatre in Seattle that ran for more than three months, a local record, and then in Miami, Florida. In the 1970s Bingham led a Buddhist group dedicated to world peace. Bingham played the role of Caiaphas in the original concert tour of Jesus Christ Superstar and went on to perform the role in the original Broadway production which ran from 1971 to 1973, and in a Paris production. He appeared in the film by Juan Orol, El fantástico mundo de los hippies in 1972. Along with Barry Dennen (Pilate) and Yvonne Elliman (Mary Magdalene) and Carl Anderson (Judas), Bingham reprised his Broadway role in the 1973 film Jesus Christ Superstar. In 1974, he played God in the original production of Up from Paradise, by Arthur Miller, in Ann Arbor, Michigan. He retired from show business soon afterwards and worked as COO managerial position in a Talon zipper factory. In April 2015 he appeared on-stage at the Hollywood Boulevard Cinema in a question and answer session with Ted Neeley, Barry Dennen and Kurt Yaghjian following a showing of a remastered version of the 1973 film Jesus Christ Superstar. This was as part of a national screening tour. His reminiscences of appearing in the 1973 film were recorded with those of the rest of the original cast in the DVD Superstar: the Making and Reunion of the Film (2015). Bingham lives in Brewster, New York with his wife Idilcia Aracena, and his two children Franklin A. Bingham and Yasamin R. Bingham. References External links Bingham's Official Facebook Page Bob Bingham on Yahoo! Movies 'Jesus Christ Superstar' on MSN movies Living people 1946 births American male stage actors American basses Male actors from Seattle University of Washington alumni People from Edmonds, Washington", "title": "Bob Bingham" }, { "docid": "6901265", "text": "\"This Jesus Must Die\" is a song from the 1970 album and 1971 rock opera Jesus Christ Superstar by Tim Rice and Andrew Lloyd Webber, which also appears in the film version of Jesus Christ Superstar, and on the album of the musical. In the 1973 film, it is sung primarily by Bob Bingham as Caiaphas and Kurt Yaghjian as Annas; and on the 1970 album, by Victor Brox as Caiaphas and Brian Keith as Annas, with Paul Raven and Tim Rice providing the voices of the priests. In the 2000 film it is sung by Frederick B. Owens as Caiaphas and Michael Shaeffer as Annas. Theme According to the official Jesus Christ Superstar website, in the song: The song is noted for, after a slow beginning, launching into more of a \"rock and roll\" feel than many other songs in the musical, and being sung by a \"growling bass-voiced Caiaphas and his screechy tenor minions\". The song has also been described as \"a throwback to pre-Second World War depictions\" of \"threatening Jews\", although \"their evil is somewhat modified\". The priests sing a melody that comes from J. S. Bach's Bourrée in E minor. {{quote\|Rather than the self-interested, conspiratorial priests of the Gospel of Mark or DeMille's The King of Kings, Superstar'''s priests decide that \"this Jesus must die ...for the sake of the nation\". Their intention to avert a murderous crackdown on the Jewish people reflects the representation of the high priest in the last canonical gospel—John.}} Indeed, the song begins with the Jewish priests fretting over the influence of the \"rabble-rousing\" Jesus, but merely plotting to have him arrested. It is Caiaphas who insists that the threat posed by a Roman crackdown, \"our elimination, because of one man\", can only be averted by the death of Jesus, which would deliver a demoralizing blow to the mob of mindless followers. The appearance of the song in the musical and in the film version of Jesus Christ Superstar is highlighted by an \"emphasis on style\". The film uses \"low camera angles which give a distorted view of the priests\", and \"gives the priests extraordinary costumes\", which includes \"enormous, bizarrely shaped hats\", black flowing robes, and \"bare chests crossed by leather straps and chains\". References External links , Jesus Christ Superstar'', 2000 film Songs from Jesus Christ Superstar 1971 songs Songs with lyrics by Tim Rice Songs with music by Andrew Lloyd Webber Songs about Jesus", "title": "This Jesus Must Die" }, { "docid": "25200912", "text": "Kurt \"Frenchy\" Yaghjian (or Yahjian; born February 9, 1951, Detroit) is an Armenian-American actor and singer best known for his appearance as Annas in the 1973 film Jesus Christ Superstar. Biography Kurt Yaghjian is the only son of Haig Yaghjian, a former assistant conductor of the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra. He is of Armenian descent. In 1971 he graduated from North Carolina School of the Arts. Opera Yaghjian was a member of a school choir that participated in the premiere of Gian Carlo Menotti's The Death of the Bishop of Brindisi in May 1963. Menotti was impressed with the expressiveness of Yaghjian's face and recommended him to NBC for the role of Amahl in Amahl and the Night Visitors in 1963, the first time that the production was videotaped, previous versions having been shown live. The videotaped version with Yaghjian was shown annually until 1966. Musical theater Jesus Christ Superstar He appeared as a leper and reporter in the original Broadway production of Jesus Christ Superstar, which opened 12 October 1971, also understudying Ben Vereen as Judas Iscariot. He initially auditioned for the original director, Frank Corsaro, but was recalled to re-audition when Tom O'Horgan replaced him following a car accident. Following the opening, due to his vocal range and acting skills, he soon understudied the roles of Annas and Pontius Pilate as well, at one point going on as all three leads in a week. Following his appearance as Annas in the 1973 film of Superstar, he appeared as Judas in subsequent stage productions, first in an American national tour produced by Hal Zeiger and managed by Steve Leber and David Krebs, who went on to manage Aerosmith, Ted Nugent, and Mahogany Rush during the 1970s, and then in a regional production at the Paper Mill Playhouse in 1977. Other credits In addition to his stints in Superstar, Yaghjian also frequently played the Baker and one of Joseph's brothers in Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat, once at Playhouse in the Park in Philadelphia and twice at the Brooklyn Academy of Music Opera House, and appeared in the short-lived Off-Off-Broadway musical Duel in 1979, also appearing on its studio cast album released in 2000 by Original Cast Records. More recently, he has appeared on the concept album for Bob Christianson's sci-fi rock musical Grail and as Santa Bear on the studio recording of The Berenstain Bears Save Christmas: The Musical. Filmography His film and TV appearances include Amahl in the television movie Amahl and the Night Visitors (1963), Annas in Jesus Christ Superstar (1973) (film and soundtrack), and Hair (1979). Music Session vocals Yaghjian has sung and/or recorded backing vocals for such diverse artists as Patti Austin, Harry Belafonte, Tony Bennett, Felix Cavaliere, Ray Charles, Dion, Jonathan Edwards, Harvey Fuqua, Cyndi Lauper, John Lennon and Yoko Ono, Darlene Love, Vicki Sue Robinson, Carly Simon, Lonnie Liston Smith, Belouis Some, Ronnie Spector, and Talking Heads. He has also appeared on novelty and children's albums such as The Re-Bops' Jukebox! Party Songs", "title": "Kurt Yaghjian" }, { "docid": "9019084", "text": "\"Superstar\" is the title song from the 1970 album and 1971 rock opera Jesus Christ Superstar written by Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice. Content The song is sung by the spirit of Judas Iscariot, who had died by suicide earlier in the show. The song consists of a series of questions addressed to Jesus, such as why Jesus chose to come to Israel in 4 BC when it had no \"mass communication\" as opposed to modern times, whether Jesus had planned his own death, whether Jesus knew beforehand that his death would become famous, and whether religious figures such as Buddha and Muhammad are his equals. It is dominated by repeated apologies for asking these questions (\"Don't you get me wrong\", \"I only want to know\"). Typically, Judas is accompanied by a choir of angels, and the song is performed during the crucifixion scene, if not immediately before it. Versions Original Murray Head version \"Superstar\" was released as a single in 1969, before the album was completed. Sung by Murray Head with the Trinidad Singers, it initially debuted on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 singles chart for the week ending 31 January 1970, eventually peaking at No. 74 in late February 1970. In Canada it reached No. 33 on its initial release, February 28, 1970. Nearly one year later, the single re-entered the Hot 100 chart for the week ending 2 January 1971, eventually peaking at No. 60 on the chart in early March 1971. The single then fell off the chart three weeks later, but then almost immediately re-entered the Hot 100 chart a third and final time for the week ending 10 April 1971. It then rapidly climbed the Hot 100 chart during its third chart run, eventually spending two consecutive weeks at its peak position of No. 14 in late May and early June 1971. It performed even better in Canada, where it peaked on the RPM Top Singles chart at No. 6, and in New Zealand, where it reached No. 2 on Listener magazine. A video of the song was released to promote the album, with Murray Head and the Trinidad Singers appearing. Recording In order to get the concept album of Jesus Christ Superstar off the ground, Decca/MCA first gave Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice money to make the single and begin the album. They wanted to release the single first, which caused uproar within the MCA board at the time. The single was recorded on 8-track equipment at the Olympic Studios in Barnes, London, with Irish 22-year-old Alan O'Duffy as the chief engineer. Lloyd Webber and Rice were backed by MCA and spent a small fortune on the recording, including using a full orchestra and the backing vocals of the Trinidad Singers. The Grease Band, one of the best rhythm sections in the world at that time, were brought in as the foundation of the ensemble. Charts Carl Anderson version When the 1973 film version and its accompanying soundtrack was released, Carl", "title": "Superstar (Jesus Christ Superstar song)" }, { "docid": "3940847", "text": "Barry Dennen (February 22, 1938 – September 26, 2017) was an American actor and writer. He is best known for playing Pontius Pilate on the original recording and later in the film of Jesus Christ Superstar. Life and career Dennen was born in Chicago, Illinois in February 22, 1938. In New York City from 1960 to 1961, he had a platonic relationship with Barbra Streisand. They lived together for a year, during which time he helped her develop the nightclub act that began her successful career as a singer and actress. He moved to London for 15 years and in 1968 landed the starring role of the master of ceremonies in the London version of Cabaret. In 1970, he played Pontius Pilate on the album of Jesus Christ Superstar, and he played the same role in the Broadway production (1971). In the same year, he played Mendel in Norman Jewison's film of Fiddler on the Roof. According to Dennen's website, he suggested to Jewison that he direct a film version of Jesus Christ Superstar. Jewison did so, and Dennen played Pilate again (1973). Dennen also played a variety of small parts on American television shows including: Batman, Wonder Woman (where he portrayed a clone of Adolf Hitler), Galtar and the Golden Lance, Tales from the Darkside and Justice League: Throne of Atlantis, and films, such as Madhouse (1974), Brannigan (1975), The Kentucky Fried Movie (1977), The Shining (1980), Ragtime (1981), Trading Places (1983), Superman III (1983), Twin Sitters (1994) and Titanic (1997). He also played auto dealer Irwin Lapsey in Shock Treatment (1981). In 1982, Dennen played the role of Buddy in the TV adaptation of Beau Geste. Dennen also ventured into voice acting. He portrayed the Chamberlain SkekSil in The Dark Crystal (1982) as well as Tulku in The Shadow (1994). He also did voice work on cartoons such as DuckTales, Batman: The Animated Series, The Pirates of Dark Water, Animaniacs, Avatar: The Last Airbender and Star Wars: The Clone Wars. He also did voices for many video games, including Fatman in Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty, Master Li in Jade Empire, Police Chief Bogen in Grim Fandango, Mimir in the video game Too Human, Dean Domino in Fallout: New Vegas expansion \"Dead Money\", The Dark One in The Mark of Kri, the Kangxi Emperor in Age of Empires III: The Asian Dynasties, Benedict Burgess Batteric III in Infinity Blade III, Chaos Knight, Phantom Lancer, and Rubick in Dota 2, and the venerable Odo and meister Glimmerheim in Dungeon Siege III. In 1984, Dennen wrote the lyrics for the children's musical revue Wanna Play?!, which was produced in Kansas City and later produced on television twice. The show, written with writer Linda Bergman and composer Jeff Rizzo, is licensed by Samuel French. He wrote the screenplay for an episode of Amazing Stories titled \"The Secret Cinema\" (1985) and cowrote an episode of The Comic Strip Presents... titled \"Demonella\" (1993). His autobiographical book My Life With Barbra: A", "title": "Barry Dennen" }, { "docid": "440818", "text": "Yvonne Marianne Elliman (born December 29, 1951) is an American singer, songwriter, and actress who performed for four years in the first cast of the stage musical Jesus Christ Superstar. She scored a number of hits in the 1970s and achieved a US #1 hit with \"If I Can't Have You\". The song also reached #9 on the Adult Contemporary chart and number 4 in the UK Chart. Her cover of Barbara Lewis's \"Hello Stranger\" went to #1 on the Adult Contemporary chart, and \"Love Me\" was #5; at the time she had 3 top 10 singles. After a long hiatus in the 1980s and 1990s, during which time she left music to be with her family, she made a comeback album as a singer-songwriter in 2004. Biography Early years Elliman was born and raised in the Manoa neighborhood of Honolulu, Hawaii. Her mother was of Japanese and Chinese ancestries and her father, a salesman for Best Foods, was of Irish descent. Elliman showed interest in music from an early age, playing the ukulele by age four and taking piano lessons at age seven. While attending President Theodore Roosevelt High School, Elliman performed in the school band on standup bass and violin. However, she became most proficient on the guitar and performed as a singer and guitarist in a folk music band named We Folk, which she formed with schoolmates. The band fared well competing in local talent shows. According to Elliman, she was truant during her senior year at high school but graduated owing to the intervention of Peter Wilcox, the school's British-born band teacher, who persuaded her teachers to allow her to pass. He encouraged 17-year-old Elliman to relocate to London and pursue a musical career, which she did shortly after graduating. London years, Jesus Christ Superstar Elliman's singing career began in 1969 in London, performing in bars and clubs. At the time she did not like what she was singing. \"I hated the music then\", she recalled in a 1973 interview, adding, \"I did it for the bread. I was into drugs and all that, and thought Grace Slick and the Jefferson Airplane was it\". While still an unknown, she was discovered by Tim Rice and Andrew Lloyd Webber, who asked her to sing Mary Magdalene's part for the original audio recording of Jesus Christ Superstar. Ian Gillan was featured singing as Jesus. After its release as an album in 1970, they invited her to join the stage show's traveling cast, which she did for four years. She had her first Billboard Hot 100 hit single in 1971 with the ballad \"I Don't Know How to Love Him\" from Jesus Christ Superstar. Her original version was not issued as a single until a cover version by Helen Reddy started moving up the U.S. charts; appearing concurrently on the charts (a rare event, not common since the 1950s, when different releases played in different parts of the United States), Elliman's original peaked at #28, while Reddy's cover peaked", "title": "Yvonne Elliman" }, { "docid": "27564054", "text": "Jesus Christ Superstar is a musical by Tim Rice and Andrew Lloyd Webber, the title may also refer to: Uses related to the above stage musical: Jesus Christ Superstar (album), the original album that led to all further musical productions including the above stage musical Cast recordings: Jesus Christ Superstar (Original Australian Cast Recording) Jesus Christ Superstar (1972 Swedish cast) Jesus Christ Superstar (1996 London Cast), Andrew Lloyd Webber's revival version Jesus Christ Superstar (film), 1973 American film adaptation, directed by Norman Jewison For the 2000 remake of it, directed by Gale Edwards, see Jesus Christ Superstar#Films Jesus Christ Superstar (film soundtrack), the soundtrack to the 1973 film Jesus Christ Superstar Live in Concert, 2018 American live television adaptation Other uses Jesus Christ Superstars, an album by Laibach See also Superstar (Jesus Christ Superstar song), the title song and final musical number from Jesus Christ Superstar, and a hit single for several artists", "title": "Jesus Christ Superstar (disambiguation)" }, { "docid": "506300", "text": "Carlton Earl \"Carl\" Anderson (February 27, 1945 – February 23, 2004) was an American singer, film and theater actor best known for his portrayal of Judas Iscariot in the Broadway and film versions of the rock opera Jesus Christ Superstar by Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice. Anderson and singer-actress Gloria Loring performed the duet \"Friends and Lovers\", which reached No. 2 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in 1986. Life and career Early life Born in Lynchburg, Virginia, Anderson was one of 12 children of James and Alberta Anderson. During his junior year of high school, Anderson enlisted in the U.S. Air Force, where he served as a communications technician for two years. He returned to Lynchburg to complete high school and he graduated in 1965. With his honorable discharge, following high school, Anderson sang at military bases across the United States as part of the World Wide Air Force Talent Contest. Anderson moved to Washington, D.C., in 1969, where he and some friends formed a group called \"The Second Eagle\", with Anderson handling the vocals. Among the many jazz and rock tunes that the Second Eagle covered were some from the album Jesus Christ Superstar, which had been released long before there were ever any definitive plans for a stage production. In 1971, a talent agent from the William Morris Agency saw Anderson perform some songs from the show at St. Stephen's Church and recognized his potential as a solo performer. Early career Anderson played the role of Judas in the pre-Broadway touring company's production of Jesus Christ Superstar but was passed over for the initial 1971 Broadway production when producers opted for the more well-known Ben Vereen for the part, and was cast as an understudy. One of his most significant opportunities came when he took over the role from Vereen and performed it on Broadway and in Los Angeles when Vereen fell ill. After Vereen recovered, both actors took turns playing the role. Castmate and close friend Ted Neeley was performing in the tour as well, but – like Anderson – was cast in the chorus and a Jesus understudy. Yvonne Elliman was also in the tour as Mary Magdalene. While performing in Los Angeles, Anderson was flown to London for a screen test for the film adaptation of the rock opera. Two weeks later, he left that production to begin filming in Israel alongside Neeley and Elliman, who were cast for the main roles as Jesus and Magdalene, respectively. The film, released in 1973 by director Norman Jewison, catapulted Anderson's career with two Golden Globe nominations as \"Most Promising Newcomer\" and \"Best Musical Actor\". In the late 1970s, he reprised his role as Judas for two regional productions in California, both under the auspices of the California Youth Theatre organization. The first reunited him with his Broadway and film co-stars Ted Neeley and Yvonne Elliman, and the second reunited him again with his close friend Ted (Jesus). Other movie appearances by Anderson include: The Black", "title": "Carl Anderson (singer)" }, { "docid": "2612096", "text": "\"Everything's Alright\" is a song from the 1970 album and 1971 rock opera Jesus Christ Superstar by Tim Rice and Andrew Lloyd Webber. It is about the anointing of Jesus. In the song, Mary Magdalene tries to calm Jesus with an expensive ointment and tells him not to get worried. Judas accuses her of wasting resources which would be better served helping the poor. Jesus retorts by saying that there will always be poverty in the world and that they will never be able to help everyone. The song is musically notable for its time signature. Single release Yvonne Elliman, who sang the part of Mary Magdalene on the original rock opera concept album Jesus Christ Superstar and also in the 1971 Broadway original cast and 1973 film, released a single of \"Everything's Alright\" in 1971, which reached #92 on the Billboard Hot 100. Cash Box said of it that \"Yvonne once again reaches into the wealth of material from the Rice-Webber classic and comes up with a winner every bit as strong as her first 'I Don't Know How To Love Him' disk. Everything's Alright (Reprise) The reprise of \"Everything's Alright\" is sung by Mary Magdalene to calm Jesus after his intense day of negative events, as he goes to sleep. The short, 29 second reprise leads into the hit single, \"I Don't Know How to Love Him,\" which is also sung by Mary Magdalene. In the 1973 film version, only the \"Close your Eyes\" number is sung, omitting the rest of the lyrics, including the line: \"I know that I will sleep well tonight\", sung by Jesus. John Farnham, Kate Ceberano & Jon Stevens version John Farnham, Kate Ceberano, and Jon Stevens released a version of \"Everything's Alright\" in 1992. The song peaked at number 6 for one week in the Australian Recording Industry Association's ARIA Charts. The song stayed in the ARIA Charts top 10 for five weeks. It spent an overall total of 14 weeks in Australia's ARIA Charts: entry date: 26 July 1992 at number 46, exit date: 25 October 1992 at number 44. Track listing Everything's Alright (4.55) Overture (3.51) (by Andrew Lloyd Webber & Tim Rice) Charts Weekly charts End of year charts Sales and certifications References 1970 songs 1971 singles Decca Records singles John Farnham songs Jon Stevens songs Kate Ceberano songs MCA Records singles PolyGram singles Sarah Brightman songs Songs about Jesus Songs from Jesus Christ Superstar Songs with lyrics by Tim Rice Songs with music by Andrew Lloyd Webber", "title": "Everything's Alright (Jesus Christ Superstar song)" }, { "docid": "36256668", "text": "This is a list of films that have something to do with Easter or have Easter as a significant part of them. For Easter specials of regular TV shows, see the list of Easter television specials. Animated Baby Looney Tunes' Eggs-traordinary Adventure (2003) Easter Yeggs, a Looney Tunes short starring Bugs Bunny, released June 28, 1947 The Egg Cracker Suite (1943) Funny Little Bunnies, a 1934 Silly Symphony from Disney Happy Go Ducky, a MGM short starring Tom and Jerry (1958) Here Comes Peter Cottontail, a 1971 stop motion animated TV special produced by Rankin/Bass Productions. Hop, a 2011 Easter-themed live-action and animated comedy film directed by Tim Hill It's the Easter Beagle, Charlie Brown, a 1974 Easter-themed animated TV special directed by Phil Roman Rise of the Guardians, a 2012 DreamWorks Animation 3D animated movie directed by Peter Ramsey Winnie the Pooh: Springtime with Roo, a 2004 animated film from the Winnie The Pooh franchise The Nightmare Before Christmas, a 1993 film directed by Henry Selick Comedy Chocolat, a 2000 French comedy-drama film Easter Sunday, a 2022 film directed by Jay Chandrasekhar Hank and Mike, a 2008 film directed by Matthiew Klinck Happy Easter (Joyeuses Pâques), a 1984 French comedy film Mallrats, a 1995 comedy film directed by Kevin Smith The Santa Clause 2, a 2002 film directed by Michael Lembeck The Santa Clause 3: The Escape Clause, a 2006 film directed by Michael Lembeck Family Baby Huey's Great Easter Adventure, a 1998 live-action direct-to-video film directed by Stephen Furst North, a 1994 film directed by Rob Reiner Featuring Jesus's Easter morning resurrection Barabbas (1953) Barabbas (1961) Barabbas (2012) The Birth, the Life and the Death of Christ (1906) The Day Christ Died (1980) Golgotha (1935) The Gospel According to St. Matthew (1964) The Gospel of John (2003) The Gospel of John (2014) The Greatest Story Ever Told (1965) Intolerance (1916) I.N.R.I. (1923) Jesus (1973) Jesus (1979) Jesus Christ Superstar (1973) Killing Jesus (2015) The King of Kings (1927) King of Kings (1961) Kristo (1996) The Last Temptation of Christ (1988) The Miracle Maker (2000) The Passion of the Christ (2004) Peter and Paul (1981) Risen (2016) The Robe (1953) Son of God (2014) The Visual Bible: Matthew (1993) The Resurrection of the Christ (TBA) Horror Beaster Day: Here Comes Peter Cottonhell (2014) Critters 2: The Main Course (1988) Easter Bunny, Kill! Kill!, a 2006 film written and directed by Chad Ferrin Holidays, a 2016 horror-anthology film Musical Easter Parade, a 1948 film directed by Charles Walters See also List of Easter television episodes List of Christmas films List of films based on the Bible References Lists of films set around holidays Easter-related lists", "title": "List of Easter films" }, { "docid": "7651220", "text": "Jesus Christ Superstar is a 1973 American musical drama film directed by Norman Jewison, and co-written by Jewison and Melvyn Bragg, based on the 1970 concept album of the same name written by Tim Rice and composed by Andrew Lloyd Webber, which in turn inspired a 1971 musical. The film, which stars Ted Neeley, Carl Anderson, Yvonne Elliman and Barry Dennen, depicts the conflict between Judas and Jesus and the emotions and motivations of the main characters during the week of the crucifixion of Jesus. Jesus Christ Superstar premiered at the Uptown Theater in Washington D.C. on June 26, 1973, and was released theatrically in the United States on August 15, 1973. Neeley, Anderson, and Elliman were nominated for Golden Globe Awards in 1974, for their portrayals of Jesus, Judas, and Mary Magdalene, respectively. Despite criticism from a few religious groups and mixed reviews from critics, the film was a box office success. Plot The film's cast travel by bus to the Negev Desert, in order to re-enact the Passion of Christ with modern-day costumes and props. As they make their preparations and dance to the film's overture, Carl Anderson, already in character as Judas Iscariot, wanders away from the company. Judas is worried about Jesus' popularity; he is being hailed as the son of God, but Judas feels he has too much faith in his own message and fears the consequences of their growing movement. He questions Jesus' association with Mary Magdalene (historically accused of being a prostitute) and why he does not instruct his followers to give money to the poor, to which Jesus says that mortals can not help everyone. Meanwhile, temple priests including Caiaphas, Annas and the Pharisees are worried that the Romans see Jesus' popularity as an uprising and all agree he must be executed. When Jesus and his followers joyfully arrive in Jerusalem, he rejects both Caiaphas' orders to disband the crowd and the suggestions of Simon and fellow Zealots to start an uprising against their Roman occupiers. Jesus visits the Temple, where he becomes enraged seeing it full of money lenders and merchants and forces them all to leave by destroying their stalls, much to Judas' horror. While Jesus then wanders in the desert and heals a leper colony, Judas goes to the priests and expresses his concerns, along with his worries about the consequences of betraying Jesus. Once the priests offer him money for leading them to Jesus, a conflicted Judas reveals that Jesus will be at the Garden of Gethsemane on Thursday night. The apostles gather in the garden for Passover Seder with Jesus, who expresses scepticism about their loyalties, stating that Peter will deny him and Judas will betray him. A bitter argument between Jesus and Judas ensues, as Judas angrily accuses Jesus of losing sight of their cause. Judas leaves and returns with guards, fulfilling his betrayal, while Peter denies being with Jesus to members of the populace. The guards take Jesus to Caiaphas, who finds him guilty of", "title": "Jesus Christ Superstar (film)" }, { "docid": "14050079", "text": "Jesus Christ Superstar or Jesus Christ Superstar – Original Australian Cast Recording is an album released in late 1972 on MCA Records. Jesus Christ Superstar is a rock opera created by Tim Rice and Andrew Lloyd Webber in 1970. The earliest Australian version was staged from May 1972 to February 1974. This album features Trevor White (as Jesus), Jon English (as Judas) and Michele Fawdon (as Mary Magdalene). Together with other cast members, they performed vocals for a studio recording. It was produced by Patrick Flynn, the show's musical director and a conductor for Opera Australia. The album peaked at No. 17 on the Go-Set Albums Chart in June 1973, while it reached No. 13 on the Kent Music Report and remained on its charts for 54 weeks. It appeared in the top 100 on the 1974 End of Year Albums Chart. In May 1973, the album was awarded a gold record for sales of 50,000 albums. The cast recording from the 1992 production won the Aria for Highest Selling Album and nominated for Best Original Soundtrack/Cast/Show Album. Stage show Venue Capitol Theatre, Sydney (1972–1973) followed by a season at the Palais Theatre, Melbourne and a tour of other cities and towns. Dates 4 May 1972 – February 1974 – 700+ performances. Production team Production credits: Music by Andrew Lloyd Webber Book and lyrics by Tim Rice Producer: Harry M. Miller Director: Jim Sharman Executive Producer: Frederick J. Gibson Associate Executive Producer: Garry Van Egmond Stage Director Sandra McKenzie Stage Manager: Ken Gregory Scenic Design: Brian Thomson Musical Director: Patrick Flynn Associate Musical Director and Principal Conductor: Michael Carlos Costume Design: Rex Cramphorne Sound: John Morrison Dance Director: Keith Bain Principal cast Cast credits: Trevor White (Jesus) Jon English (Judas) Michele Fawdon (Mary Magdalene) 1972–73 Marcia Hines (Mary Magdalene) 1973–74 Arthur Dignam (Pontius Pilate) 1972–73 Robin Ramsay (Pontius Pilate) Joseph Dicker (King Herod) Sydney 1972 Reg Livermore (King Herod) Sydney 1973 Jon Finlayson (King Herod) Sydney 1973 John Allan (King Herod) Sydney 1974 Doug Parkinson (King Herod) 1973–74 Stevie Wright (Simon Zealotes) Peter North (Caiaphas) John Young (Annas) Brian Withers (Priest 1) Tom Dysart (Priest 2) 1972 Peter Noble (Priest 2) Michael Caton (Priest 3) 1972 Bill Binks (Priest 3) Rory O'Donoghue (Peter) 1972 Wayne Matthews (Peter) Frank Howson, Bill Paton (Stage Attendants) Supporting cast and chorus Supporting cast and chorus credits: Pete Bergen Creenagh Bradstock Stephen Campbell Michael Caton Hele Cornish Jennie Cullen Denni Joe Dicker Beverly Evans Margaret Figucio Robyn Fisher Geoff Gilmour Margaret Goldie Nick Hill Phill Hobbins Gary Hoffman Shauna Jensen Paul Johnston Merryn Joseph George Kent Peter Kirby Nick Lush Peter Maloney Natalie Mosco Sharon Murphy Bjarne Ohlin Sue Robinson Shayna Stewart Bonnie Truex Kim Whitehead Musicians Mike Wade – guitar, band leader Ken Firth – bass guitar Jamie McKinley – piano, acoustic guitar Greg Henson – drums Michael Carlos – organ, Moog synthesizer Mike Reed – guitar Steve Doran - Keyboards, Piano Cast and production notes Like its contemporaries Godspell and Hair, Superstar was", "title": "Jesus Christ Superstar (Original Australian Cast Recording)" }, { "docid": "49163774", "text": "Michael K. Lee (born June 5, 1973) is an American theater actor and singer who resides in Seoul, Korea. Early life Lee was born in Brooklyn, New York to Susie and Won Yub Lee. He was raised in Salamanca, a small Native American reservation town near Buffalo, where his father, a surgeon, set up his practice. Theirs was the only Asian American family in the town. He played both violin and piano, and performed in the Greater Buffalo Youth Orchestra. He is a graduate of Stanford University, where he studied psychology on a pre-med track and sang with the Stanford Fleet Street Singers. Acting career Lee's career began in 1995, when he was cast in the second national tour of Miss Saigon. He auditioned for the show on three occasions before he was cast. Lee went on to join the Broadway production of Miss Saigon (Thuy). His other Broadway credits include Jesus Christ Superstar (Simon Zealotes), Pacific Overtures (Kayama), and Rent. From 2015 to 2016, Lee starred in the musical Allegiance on Broadway, a show about George Takei's life experiences (who starred in the musical alongside Lee). In the show, Lee reprised the role of Frankie Suzuki, a character based on real-life political activist Frank S. Emi. The role had won him the San Diego Theatre Critics Circle's Craig Noel Award for Outstanding Featured Performance in 2012, during the Allegiance's run at the Old Globe there. Allegiance began Broadway previews on October 6, 2015, and opened on November 8, 2015, running through early 2016. Lee has starred in numerous productions in Seoul, including Jesus Christ Superstar (Jesus), Miss Saigon (Chris), Priscilla, Queen of the Desert (Tick), Notre Dame de Paris (Gringoire), Amour (Dusoleil), and Gone with the Wind (Ashley). His other international credits include Where Elephants Weep in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, They’re Playing Our Song in Manila, Philippines (opposite Lea Salonga), and A Twist of Fate in Singapore (opposite Laura Michelle Kelley). Lee portrayed Tommy in The Who's Tommy, winning a Seattle Footlight Award for Best Actor in a Musical; Judas and Jesus in Jesus Christ Superstar, Aladdin in Disney's Aladdin: A Musical Spectacular; and Jamie Willerstein in The Last Five Years. Personal life As of 2013, he lives in Seoul, Korea. He is married to actress Kim Varhola. Theater TV shows 2017: Phantom Singer 2, jury member 2020: King of Mask Singer (MBC), contestant as \"Half Moon Prince\" (episodes 247–248) 2023: XO, Kitty (Netflix), Professor Lee of Korean Independent School of Seoul (KISS) References 1973 births Living people Male actors from Brooklyn Stanford University alumni 21st-century American singers American male actors of Korean descent", "title": "Michael K. Lee" }, { "docid": "18589074", "text": "Sebastian Hardie were Australia's first symphonic rock band. They formed in Sydney in 1967 as Sebastian Hardie Blues Band but dropped the 'Blues Band' reference when they became pop-oriented. By 1973 they developed a more progressive rock style, and later performed as Windchase, but disbanded in 1977. An early member of Sebastian Hardie was Jon English (vocals, rhythm guitar), who starred as Judas Iscariot in the Australian version of the stage musical Jesus Christ Superstar in 1972 and subsequently had a solo career as a singer, actor and playwright. A later member, Mario Millo (lead guitar, mandolin, vocals) became a multi-award winner for his television and movie music. Sebastian Hardie's other early members included Graham Ford (lead guitar), Anatole Kononewsky (keyboards), Peter Plavsic (bass guitar) and his brother Alex Plavsic (drums). After English, Kononewsky and Ford had left, the Plavsic brothers were joined by Millo and Toivo Pilt (keyboards). With their addition, Sebastian Hardie developed extended progressive rock tracks to become a symphonic rock group before they released their definitive album Four Moments in 1975, which peaked at No. 12 on the National albums chart. They followed with a second album Windchase in 1976, but it had less chart success. Millo and Pilt formed the band, Windchase, to release Symphinity in 1977, it was a heavier jazz-fusion album but didn't have chart success and they disbanded. History 1967–1973: Early years Guitarist Graham Ford (ex-The Interns) made up the name 'Sebastian Hardie' when he founded Sebastian Hardie Blues Band in 1967 in Sydney. Variable line-ups included John Bellamy (bass guitar), Dennis Laughlin (vocals, later in Sherbet), Richard Lillico (ex-The Interns, drums), Syd Richmond (drums), Dave Waddington (vocals) and Neil Williamson (organ). They played R&B and soul covers but disbanded in early 1968. When Ford reformed the band later in the year, he recruited students from Sydney's Cabramatta High School, Jon English on vocals and rhythm guitar, Anatole Kononewsky on keyboard, Peter Plavsic (ex-The Interns) on bass guitar, and his brother Alex Plavsic on drums. They dropped the 'Blues Band' part to play more pop-oriented music and were the backing band for legendary Australian rocker Johnny O'Keefe during 1969. Covering songs from Rolling Stones, The Beatles, Otis Redding and Wilson Pickett they built a reputation in the Sydney pub scene. Late in 1971, English left Sebastian Hardie when he won the role of Judas Iscariot in the Australian stage production of Jesus Christ Superstar from May 1972. He was eventually replaced by Steve Dunne on vocals and keyboards. British singer Larry Page produced Sebastian Hardie's first single \"All Right Now\" in September 1973 on RCA Records. 1973–1977: Four Moments and Windchase Ford left Sebastian Hardie by October 1973 to be replaced by Mario Millo on lead guitar. They recorded a second single \"Day After Day\" released in April 1974. By this time Tovio Pilt had replaced Dunne on keyboards and Millo took over on vocals. Besides covers they were playing original progressive rock material. They were Australia's first symphonic rock band and", "title": "Sebastian Hardie" }, { "docid": "55517860", "text": "Charlotte Crossley, nicknamed \"Charlo\", is an American singer and actress, best known for her roles in the musical theatrical productions of Hairspray, The Color Purple, Jesus Christ Superstar, as a member of the Harlettes in Bette Midler's Clams On The Half-Shell Revue, and for her appearance in 20 Feet from Stardom. She has been described as a comedienne. Crossley won the 2005 NAACP Theatre Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in the first national tour of Hairspray. Early life Crossley grew up in Chicago, where she studied music and theatre. Career In the early '70's, Crossley auditioned for Jesus Christ, Superstar and was chosen to join the cast. She sang in the choir of the original Broadway cast album of Jesus Christ Superstar (a Decca Broadway Original Cast). In those years, she appeared in Hair. Crossley joined Bette Midler, \"The Divine Miss M\", in 1973. Crossley has performed as a featured artist in musicals and films including Hairspray, taking over the role of Motormouth Maybelle on Broadway on September 2, 2008, Jesus Christ Superstar, 20 Feet From Stardom, Sister Act, Sister Act 2, and supported Robin Williams' performance of \"Blame Canada\" on the Oscars, among others. As a session singer, Crossley has recorded feature and background vocals for Bette Midler, Luther Vandross, David Lasley, Boz Scaggs, Marc Shaiman, Kiss, Chaka Khan, Brenda Russell, Barry Manilow, and The Brecker Brothers, among others. She is a featured artist on The Dreamgirls Dance Project singing \"And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\" and with Merry Clayton, Scherrie Payne and Pam Vincent singing \"Dreamgirls\". The Harlettes She was a member of the Harlettes performing on stage in Bette Midler tours and concerts including The Divine Miss M Tour, Clams On The Half-Shell Revue, The Depression Tour, Intimate Evening with Bette, and recording as The Harlettes and Formerly Of The Harlettes. Full Swing Crossley was a member of the group Full Swing, a trio of singers, alongside Lorraine Feather and Steve March. She was cited by a journalist of the Los Angeles Times as \"the group's strongest vocal personality, singing with a burry-edged sound that brought character...\" The Springfield Leader wrote \"\"Full Swing\" Lorraine Feather, Charlotte Crossley and Steve March recreate the vitality and romance of 'the swing era music with today's technology .. and style.\" 20 Feet From Stardom Crossley appears in the Academy Award-winning documentary 20 Feet From Stardom. Live appearances Crossley makes live appearances in venues including 54 Below and Lincoln Center, where she performed in a tribute Laura Nyro show in August 2012 along with Sarah Dash, Nona Hendryx, Melba Moore, Desmond Child & Rouge, Felix Cavaliere, Toni Wine, Ula Hedwig, and others. References African-American women singers Harlettes members American musical theatre actresses Year of birth missing (living people) Living people 21st-century American women", "title": "Charlotte Crossley" } ]	[ { "docid": "9764978", "text": "Something to Believe in: Is Kurt Vonnegut the Exorcist of Jesus Christ Superstar? is a 1977 book by Robert L. Short, which discusses the deleterious effects of organized religions on people's faith. Introduction Through the use of cartoons, religious history, historical figures and references to popular culture, Short argues that most organized religions are doing a disservice to people, with their mischaracterizations of God, and thus are perversely driving people away from religion and causing them to look for alternatives, most of which result in disappointment. Short's opinion is basically that of universal reconciliation, that Christ died for all persons, everyone will get into heaven when they die, and not merely those who are \"saved.\" The title of the book is an amalgam of the name of the author Kurt Vonnegut, whom Short knew personally; the motion picture The Exorcist; and the play (and subsequent movie) Jesus Christ Superstar, commenting on their references to religion. Methodology The book looks into the ways in which popular culture at any particular time, tends to change the face of God and how people see Him. One of the arguments Short makes is that, because of organized religion giving God very harsh attributes, most of which are not supported by scripture, organized religion ironically tends to drive people away from God, seeing Him perversely as a \"Monster God\" who is cruel, merciless and mean, instead of a God of Love, Mercy and Charity. Short argues that the typical portrayal of God - and the ideas of heaven and hell - by mainstream churches is incorrect and not in line with Biblical teachings, and the concept of a heaven that only some can enter, and the alternative of a burning eternity in Hell, presupposes God not as a being of love, but an entity who torments people out of pure sadism, and as such, is more likely to drive people away from Christianity. Short points out that the idea of hell as a place of burning torment is not an idea derived from the Bible, but from the literary device in Dante's Inferno. Short argues that the Bible provides that all persons get into heaven (not just a select few), and the hell the Bible speaks of is not a place one goes to after one dies, but the suffering one goes through while alive if they become separated from God. This misreading of the Bible is the type of error, Short argues, that for those who believe in the goodness of people, would therefore be more likely to encourage them to choose atheism. \"If I had to believe in that sort of monster God that most mainstream churches are proposing, I'd still be an atheist, too.\" Short also argues that, atheists tend not to focus upon the concept of the afterlife, because, if one dies with nothing beyond one's life, then whether someone is good or bad, they get the same result, annihilation, and the only logical course of action for any person in", "title": "Something to Believe In: Is Kurt Vonnegut the Exorcist of Jesus Christ Superstar?" }, { "docid": "25870544", "text": "The Premiere Collection: The Best of Andrew Lloyd Webber is a 1988 compilation album, bringing together some of composer Andrew Lloyd Webber's best known compositions at the time of release. It includes songs from the musicals The Phantom of the Opera, Tell Me on a Sunday, Evita, Cats, Jesus Christ Superstar, Starlight Express and Requiem. Co-writers of the songs include Tim Rice, Don Black, Richard Stilgoe, Charles Hart and Trevor Nunn. The album spent two weeks at number one in the UK Compilation Chart in January 1989. It was released by Really Useful Records and Polydor on LP (with a gatefold cover), cassette and CD. Track listing Side one \"The Phantom of the Opera\" - Sarah Brightman & Steve Harley - 4:37 (from The Phantom of the Opera) \"Take That Look Off Your Face\" - Marti Webb - 3:56 (from Tell Me on a Sunday) \"All I Ask of You\" - Sarah Brightman & Cliff Richard - 4:05 (from The Phantom of the Opera) \"Don't Cry for Me, Argentina\" - Julie Covington - 4:02 (from Evita) \"Magical Mr. Mistoffelees\" - Paul Nicholas - 5:10 (from Cats) \"Four Variations for Cello & Orchestra\" - Julian Lloyd Webber - 4:12 (from Song and Dance) \"Superstar\" - Murray Head & Cast - 3:56 (from Jesus Christ Superstar) Side two \"Memory\" - Elaine Paige - 4:26 (from Cats) \"Starlight Express\" - Ray Shell - 5:02 (from Starlight Express) \"Tell Me on a Sunday\" - Marti Webb - 3:30 (from Tell Me on a Sunday) \"The Music of the Night\" - Michael Crawford - 5:12 (from The Phantom of the Opera) \"Another Suitcase in Another Hall\" - Barbara Dickson - 3:18 (from Evita) \"I Don't Know How to Love Him\" - Yvonne Elliman - 3:56 (from Jesus Christ Superstar) \"Pie Jesu\" - Sarah Brightman & Paul Miles-Kingston - 3:58 (from Requiem) Charts Certifications and sales References 1988 greatest hits albums Classical crossover albums Albums produced by Andrew Lloyd Webber Andrew Lloyd Webber albums", "title": "The Premiere Collection: The Best of Andrew Lloyd Webber" }, { "docid": "20940307", "text": "Lana Jean Gordon is an American singer, best known for her appearances in Broadway and theatre productions. Early life and education Gordon was born in New London, Connecticut. In 1989, she studied dance at New York City's Alvin Ailey School on a scholarship. She subsequently took part in a repertory ensemble directed by Sylvia Walters for over 3 years, before joining Donald Bird's ensemble The/Group. In the summer of 1994, she worked for 3 months in Yokkaichi, Japan as a soloist at a prestigious restaurant and lounge where she performed popular standards and show tunes to the region's upper-class clientele. Later in the same year, Gordon played the role of Dionne in the European tour of the musical Hair. In 1997, Gordon debuted on Broadway as an ensemble cast member in Lion King, a role she played for two and a half years, one of her roles was a cheetah. Following this, she joined the cast of Broadway musical Jesus Christ Superstar. After Jesus Christ Superstar, she was asked to return to The Lion King to play the role of Shenzi. In 2003 she took on the role of Anita in West Side Story, and toured Europe numerous of times over her five years in the role. In 2020-2021 Gordon voiced the role of the Oracle in the sci-fi musical audio series, The World to Come. She recently launched a solo singing career in Europe. Gordon has also worked as a model in America, both in print and TV advertising. Musicals Broadway 2021: Hadestown (Persephone (at some performances)) 2017-2019, and 2022: Chicago as Velma Kelly 1997–2001: The Lion King (Original Cast & Recording) 2000: Jesus Christ Superstar Theatre 1993: The Minstrel Show 1995: Hair (European Tour) 1995: Tommy 1996: Beggars Holiday 1997: Odysseus 1990: Stepping Out 2003–2005: West Side Story (European & Asian Tour) 2005: Chicago 2007: Carmen Cubana 2007–2008: West Side Story (European Tour) 2009: Tarzan 2014: Chicago (Stuttgart Production) 2019: Chicago Productions 1997: The Lion King: Original Broadway Cast Recording (Album) 2006: Carmen Cubana (Album) 2006: Garden of Love (Single) 2007: Hold on – that Piano Track (Single) 2007: Can We Live – Cover (Single) 2008: Angels (Single) 2008: Miracle Within (Single) 2008: Because Time (Single) 2008: Missing (Single) 2009: Yes! (Single, Western Union campaign song) 2009: Child in Time (Single, Alternative Hair Song) References External links www.lanagordon.net www.facebook.com/pages/Lana-Gordon/45051522330 American women singers Living people Year of birth missing (living people) Musicians from New London, Connecticut Singers from Connecticut 21st-century American women", "title": "Lana Gordon" }, { "docid": "9372870", "text": "Christ 0 is the fifth full-length studio album by the German progressive metal band Vanden Plas, released on March 31, 2006 by InsideOut Music. This concept album interprets the Alexandre Dumas 1844 novel The Count of Monte Cristo, exploring the story of a man imprisoned for a crime he didn't commit and following his chain of vengeful murders through the eyes of \"X,\" an Interpol detective assigned to the case. Throughout the course of the album, both characters come to terms with their goals; X realizes just how similar the nature of his work is to Christ-0's, while 0 repents for the sins of his vengeance and commits suicide. The lyrics make several contemporary references, alluding to modern movies (e.g. Silence of the Lambs) and organizations (Interpol). The band employed a forty-piece choir for the first time in this album. Lead vocalist Andy Kuntz stated that such orchestral elements were new to Vanden Plas and attributes this experimentation with the four-year wait since their previous album, Beyond Daylight. Track listing Bonus track The first copies of Christ 0 contained a bonus track, Gethsemane. This track is a cover of a song from Jesus Christ Superstar of the same name. Musicians Andy Kuntz – Vocals Stephan Lill – Guitars Günter Werno – Keyboards Torsten Reichert – Bass Andreas Lill – Drums Personnel Thomas Ewerhard – Artwork Markus Teske – Producer, Mastering, Mixing Vanden Plas – Arranger, Producer Stefanie Veenstra – Photography References Vanden Plas (band) albums 2006 albums Concept albums Inside Out Music albums Music based on novels Works based on The Count of Monte Cristo", "title": "Christ 0" }, { "docid": "23545878", "text": "Jann Klose is a German pop singer-songwriter, who has released seven albums and two EPs. Based in New York City, Klose was raised in Kenya, South Africa, Germany, and northeast Ohio. His original songs have charted on Top 40 radio in the United States and South Africa. He is the singing voice of Tim Buckley in the movie Greetings from Tim Buckley, starring Penn Badgley and Imogen Poots, released by Focus Features and Tribeca Film. In an interview with Entertainment Tonight, Jann talks about guitarist and collaborator Gary Lucas recommending him to director Dan Algrant to sing in the movie. He has performed as an actor and singer in touring companies of Broadway musicals, including Jesus Christ Superstar, Jekyll & Hyde, and The Who's Tommy as well as made for TV movies, voice overs and commercials. In 2005, the off-Broadway production Moonlight Interior, a musical based on Klose's music and directed by Yoel Cassell, premiered in New York City. He has periodically collaborated with members of classical rock group Renaissance, most recently recording a version of Peter Gabriel's classic hit song \"Don't Give Up\" with Annie Haslam. Jann tours regularly in the U.S., Europe, Africa and Asia. He has worked with a wide range of artists including Pat Benatar, John Oates of Hall and Oates, Suzanne Vega, Paula Cole, Brett Dennen, Ann Hampton Callaway, Liz Callaway, Karen Zoid, RJ Benjamin, Rusted Root, Vonda Shepard, Gary Hoey, Jeffrey Gaines, Bret Michaels, Willy Porter, The Strawbs, Rosanne Cash, The Byrds' Roger McGuinn, Marty Stuart, The Yardbirds' Jim McCarty, Elliott Murphy, Pete Seeger and Les Paul. Early life Klose was born in Mannheim, Germany and raised in Nairobi, Kenya and Johannesburg, South Africa where he attended grade school. He moved to Hamburg, Germany as a teenager and first came to the United States as an exchange student, attending an American Field Service (AFS) program in the suburbs of Cleveland, Ohio. At this time he began teaching himself the keyboard and subsequently guitar as well as singing and dancing in the high school show choir. He returned to Hamburg, Germany to finish Gymnasium (high school) and started playing out, first in subway stations, the high school's band and then local clubs in Hamburg's Reeperbahn red-light district. Music career Between 1998 and 2000, Klose studied voice with composer/conductor and Emmy Award winner David Gooding who had Klose join various ensembles, including the choirs at Fairmount Temple, St. Peter's church in Lakewood, Ohio and the Cleveland Opera Chorus with whom he performed in operas Carmen, La Traviata, Lucia di Lammermoor, Romeo et Juliet and HMS Pinafore. In 2000 Jann relocated to New York City and started auditioning for musical theatre jobs. After three months in the City he was cast as the Pinball Wizard in NJPAC's production of The Who's Tommy and then went on to tour with Broadway's Jekyll & Hyde and in 2001 the European tour of Jesus Christ Superstar. Black Box EP (2003) In 2002, Klose met Grammy Award-winning producer/guitarist Marlon J. Graves", "title": "Jann Klose" }, { "docid": "68379447", "text": "\"\" (Accept, O God, the gifts we bring) is the beginning of a Christian offertory hymn with German text by Raymund Weber, and a melody that Andrew Lloyd Webber composed for his musical Jesus Christ Superstar. The song, of the genre Neues Geistliches Lied (NGL), is part of German hymnals, including Gotteslob. Two other songs use the same melody. History Raymund Weber wrote the text of \"\" inspired by a melody by Andrew Lloyd Webber that he wrote for a scene, \"The last supper\", in the musical Jesus Christ Superstar. In this scene, the apostles show little understanding for what Jesus tells them about the last supper, but are concerned about their own role and fame in the future. The hymn, in four stanzas of four lines each, is of the genre Neues Geistliches Lied (NGL). Weber wrote his text in the first person plural, from the perspective of a community. The first stanza reflects that the offering of bread and wine stand for the persons who bring them, in their failures and successes (\"Scheitern und Gelingen\"). In the second stanza, the believers remember that Jesus gave himself in bread and wine, and offer their life as thanks for it. In the third stanza, they ask that their hearts be transformed, as bread and wine are. The song was included in the German Catholic hymnal Gotteslob as GL 188, in the section \"Gesänge – Woche – Gesänge zur Gabenbereitung\" (Chants – Week – chants for offertory). It was included along with other songs of the genre Neues Geistliches Lied. It is part of the songbook Unterwegs mit biblischen Liedern (On the road with biblical songs). A song with a similar beginning, \"Nimm o Herr die Gaben die wir bringen\", was written to the same melody by an unknown author. It is part of several songbooks. Another song to the same melody, \"Finden wir Verschiedene zusammen\" (Find different [people] together), was written by Frieder Dehlinger, a Protestant pastor from Eislingen, in 2017. It is also focused on the Eucharist, especially as being celebrated following the instructions by Jesus. References 2009 songs Neues Geistliches Lied 21st-century hymns in German Jesus Christ Superstar Songs with music by Andrew Lloyd Webber", "title": "Nimm, o Gott, die Gaben, die wir bringen" }, { "docid": "40788265", "text": "Madhukar C. Dhas aka Madhu Dhas & Madooo, born Madhukar Chandra Dhas (25 October 1949 - April 17, 2024), was a singer, songwriter and performer of Indian origin, based in New York City. He was best known for his performances as lead singer of the Indian Rock band Atomic Forest in the 1970s, and for his portrayal of Jesus in Alyque Padamsee's production of Jesus Christ Superstar. He was the elder brother of singer and actor, Dheena Chandra Dhas. Biography Early Years – Madras, India Madhukar grew up in Madras (now known as Chennai), India, where he was raised in a strong Christian tradition. His father expected him to become a doctor but he was influenced by, and played covers the music of The Troggs, The Turtles, The Kinks, The Rolling Stones, The Beatles, The Electric Prunes and The Doors among others, when in school. He formed a band, \"The Voodoos\", with classmate Sukumar Nambiar, son of actor M. N. Nambiar at MCCS and while attending Madras Christian College. With The Voodoos, Madhukar played in college festivals and competitions. He also became interested in art at this time which led to his Advertising career later. Move to Bombay – Atomic Forest After school and college, he moved to Bombay, working for advertising agencies such as Interpub and Lintas:India as an Art Director. While continuing to work in advertising, Madhukar led one of India's premier Rock and Roll bands of the day, Atomic Forest in 1972 as their male vocalist, with Neel Chattodpadyaya on lead guitar, Keith Kanga on bass guitar and Valentine Lobo on drums. in 1972. Atomic Forest performed at The Sneha Yatra Festival (aka) 'The Indian Woodstock' and were regular fixtures at prominent clubs and discos such as Slip Disc, Blow Up at The Taj Mahal Palace Hotel and Hell at Hotel Hilltop in Mumbai. Their album Obsession '77 was re-released in 2011. After leaving Atomic Forest, he began performing solo at 5-star hotels in India as a spot singer and overseas at Oberoi Lanka and then on to Hotels in South East Asia en route to the USA. Madhukar sang in the presence of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi in Mumbai. He also sang jingles in a vast array of commercials one of which was for Close-Up toothpaste that played across India at all movie houses for 8 years. Acting The Creative Director of his at Lintas:India, Alyque Padamsee, who was also a theatrical producer, cast Madhukar in the title role of his 1974 production of the musical 'Jesus Christ Superstar' as Jesus opposite Nandu Bhende's Judas. The show ran to packed houses at Birla Hall. Madhukar performed the role for a year and a half, which shot him to stardom as India's leading Male Vocalist. Madhukar and Nandu were selected from over 100 singers who auditioned for the roles. This production is considered a hallmark in Indian Rock Opera and theatre performances in general, and the director is working on a new production to commemorate 40 years", "title": "Madhukar C. Dhas" }, { "docid": "6897319", "text": "German Molina Moreno (; October 4, 1933 – January 8, 2016), also known as Kuya Germs ( or ) and dubbed as \"The Master Showman\", was a Filipino television host, presenter, actor, comedian, talent manager, producer, writer, and director. Early life German Molina Moreno was born to Jose Moreno y Calvo (Pepe), a Spanish Filipino mestizo, and Aurora Molina, a Filipina. He had one sister, Pilar Moreno Nite. His father died after an incident involving an American soldier. Moreno first worked for an aunt's taxi company and also sold bibingka, peanuts, and cigarettes. He also became a jeepney barker. Career Early career Moreno became involved in the entertainment industry working as a janitor and telonero (curtain raiser) of Clover Theater in 1957. His first break was a role as Jesus Christ for the Manila Grand Opera House. He later went on to pursue a career as a comedian of the bodabil stage and the post-war screen. Later career In 1963, Moreno took his comedy act to Sampaguita Pictures, the home of biggest stars at that time such as Dolphy, Panchito, Gloria Romero, and Susan Roces. He hosted a premiere night at the Life Theater but refused Nene Vera-Perez's attempt to pay him and instead asked for movie roles instead. Moreno then had roles in the movies Dance-O-Rama, Mga Batang Iskwater, Class Reunion, and Mga Batang Bakasyunista. It was in his Sampaguita stint where he met his longtime co-host Ike Lozada. Moreno also became a disc jockey as Eddie Ilarde's sidekick in the radio program Ngayon Naman on CBN. In 1969, he transferred radio stations to DZTR as a pinch-hitter for Helen Vela, Bingo Lacson, and Ben David. Moreno would then be given his own timeslot from 11 pm to 12 mn for Bisita Artista, Music Factory, and Guy and Pip Song Festival. In the last decades of his life, he hosted his own hour-long show on DZBB during weekdays at 2:30 pm. Moreno's biggest break came on television in the late 1970s when he became host of the Sunday noontime variety show, GMA Supershow (first known as Germside and Germspesyal). He eventually became the host, star builder, and producer of That's Entertainment, a youth-oriented variety show developing the biggest stars in the Philippines. He gave out gift packs from sponsors to every guest of his programs. He was the host of a late-night show Walang Tulugan with the Master Showman. He also co-hosted Superstar with Jograd de La Torre. Superstar was the Sunday musical-variety show of Moreno's close friend Nora Aunor. Moreno also produced TV films such as Kung Mayroon Mang Pangarap, Ganti, Sa Paglinaw Ng Tubig, Ikaw, Ako at Ang Awit, Dalawang Ina, Dalawang Pag-ibig, Larawan ng Isang Ina, and Ina. He founded the Eastwood City Walk of Fame in Quezon City, on December 1, 2005. It is patterned after the Hollywood Walk of Fame in Hollywood, California. Since 1996, FAMAS had given out the Youth Achievement Award, named after him. The German Moreno Youth Achievement Award is given", "title": "German Moreno" }, { "docid": "5181910", "text": "Jérôme Pradon (born 3 June 1964) is a French actor and singer who has performed in the West End, in Paris and in various other places around the world. He was born in Boulogne-Billancourt, Hauts-de-Seine, France. Theatre In 1991, Pradon made his musical debut in Alain Boublil and Claude-Michel Schönberg's Les Misérables, as Marius at the Theatre Mogador in Paris. This show led to his first West End appearance where he played the role of Chris in Miss Saigon (1992–93). He followed this with a debut in Toronto, Canada, where he originated the title role of Napoleon (1994). In 1995, travelling back and forth between France and England, Pradon performed in several productions including La Java des Mémoires, directed by Roger Louret and Assassins by Stephen Sondheim. Later that year, he played the role of student revolutionary Courfeyrac in the 10th anniversary run of Les Misérables. Remaining in London, Pradon created the role of Guillaume in the Olivier Award winning production Martin Guerre, which made him the first actor to have performed major roles in all three Boublil and Schonberg musicals. After that came Maury Yeston's Nine at the Folies Bergère, where Pradon played Guido Contini, the sole male role. In 1998 Pradon performed in Killing Rasputin, and in 2000 performed in Black Goes with Everything (a show celebrating the talent of Don Black) and Andrew Lloyd Webber's Whistle Down the Wind where he played the role of The Man alongside Laura Michelle Kelly as Swallow. In 2000, he also appeared in the role of Judas in a production of Jesus Christ Superstar, opposite Glenn Carter as Jesus. Pradon attended the 2001 Edinburgh Festival Fringe with his one-man show Crime of Passion, a British premiere. This was followed by another one-man show, in Paris, Road Movie. Not only did Pradon perform all five roles in the play, he translated the text into French. He later reprised this show in 2002. Also that year, he was a principal performer in Délit D’Ivresse, the last piece by Roland Petit; took part in the spectacular gala charity concert A Night Of 1000 Voices; played Javert in Les Misérables at the Palace Theatre, London, and performed at the Opening Gala for the first International Festival of Musical Theatre in Cardiff. 2003 saw the creation of the award-winning Pacific Overtures, for which Pradon was nominated for an Olivier Award for his portrayal of the murderous Shogun's mother and the hilarious French Admiral. This was followed by Et Si On Chantait?, produced by Pierre Cardin, and the award-winning Chance! 2004 saw Pradon perform in One Day More! a symphonic concert celebrating Boublil and Schönberg's works; perform at Windsor Castle in a Les Misérables concert as part of the marking of the 100th anniversary of the Entente Cordiale, and play King Herod in the Scandinavian tour of Jesus Christ Superstar. In 2005, Pradon made his Liège debut in Maury Yeston's Titanic. In 2006, he performed at the Les Musicals Festival in Béziers and was also nominated as", "title": "Jérôme Pradon" }, { "docid": "66840075", "text": "Jesus Christ the Exorcist (full title: Jesus Christ the Exorcist: A Progressive Rock Musical by Neal Morse) is the tenth progressive rock studio album by American vocalist, keyboardist and guitarist Neal Morse, released on June 14, 2019. It is a rock opera based on the Gospels and inspired by Jesus Christ Superstar. It features several guest performers, including Ted Leonard, Nick D'Virgilio and Morse's son Wil. The album was released as a double CD version, a triple vinyl version and on streaming platforms. On September 10, 2018, a promotional video with audio snippets featuring all guest vocalists was released. On March 20, 2019, a video for the song \"Get Behind Me Satan\" featuring Leonard on vocals was released. It was debuted live in 2018. Background and recording The first draft of the musical dates back to 2008, when a friend of Morse called him, said he had watched Jesus Christ Superstar and that somebody ought to do a new rock opera based on Jesus' life. Morse spent the next months writing a first version of the opera and even attempted to have it performed at Broadway, to no avail. It wasn't until 2018 that Morse's friend Michael Caplan informed him of Frontiers Music slr's interest on the project. Still in 2018, while getting ready for MorseFest, Morse rewrote the opera and presented it live during the festival. As Morse released his previous album with the Neal Morse Band in January 2019, The Great Adventure, he was already preparing the studio version. The album's plot focuses on important moments of Jesus' life. The main events are his exorcisms, the empty tomb and his resurrection, with the songs also covering other episodes such as his baptism, his temptation, his entry into Jerusalem, the Last Supper, his trial and his crucifixion. In an April 2020 interview, Morse expressed interest in transforming the album in a theatrical production to be presented in large cities such as New York City, Toronto, Chicago or his hometown Nashville. Track listing Reception Critical reception Marcos Garcia at Metal Temple praised the album's variety of sounds and ultimately called it \"an excellent album for Prog Rock and Prog Metal fans, and to all those who have a good musical taste\". Dangerdog's Craig Hartranft praised Morse for writing an accurate musical about Jesus, comparing it favorably with Jesus Christ Superstar due to what he perceived as \"lack of Biblical and theological accuracy\" in the 1970 rock opera. In terms of music itself, he said \"you will love everything about this two CD work. The compositions are expressive and exspansive, moving between heavier melodic rock to symphonic rock to larger canvases that instill both drama and transcendence\" and recommended the album for both followers and non-followers of Christ. Scott Medina from Sonic Perspective remarked the blues progression of \"The Woman of Seven Devils\" and called the material of the album \"consistently top-notch throughout\" while pointing out that \"not only is there no filler during the course of two hours, on the", "title": "Jesus Christ the Exorcist" }, { "docid": "53775590", "text": "Tyrone Huntley (born March 1989) is a British actor, best known for his work in musical theatre. Career Early theatre roles included TJ in the UK tour of Sister Act, Doctor in the original London cast of The Book of Mormon and Gator in the original London cast of Memphis. In summer 2016 he played the role of Judas in Jesus Christ Superstar at the Regent's Park Open Air Theatre. He received great acclaim for his performance and was nominated for both the Whatsonstage Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Musical, and the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor in a Musical. He reprised the role in summer 2017. From November 2016 to June 2017 he played C.C. White in Dreamgirls as part of the original London cast. Huntley left the production in June 2017 to return to his award-winning performance in Jesus Christ Superstar. In 2019 he directed Ain't Misbehavin' at Southwark Playhouse, a musical revue of the life of Fats Waller. The Guardian described it as 'an immensely likable romp through the songs of Fats Waller that is an escapist slice of 1920s Harlem\" Huntley was cast as Barnaby in the 2020 West End revival of Hello, Dolly! which was to star Imelda Staunton in the title role. The run was cancelled due to the outbreak of COVID-19. He subsequently returned to the role of Judas in a socially distanced concert version of Jesus Christ Superstar at Regent's Park Open Air Theatre, sharing the role with Ricardo Afonso. On December 2, 2021, Huntley began reprising the role of Judas in the North American tour of Jesus Christ Superstar following the arrest of previous Judas performer, James D. Beeks, for his involvement in the 2021 United States Capitol attack. Filmography Theatre credits Awards and nominations References 1989 births Living people Male musical theatre actors Black British male actors Male actors from Lincolnshire", "title": "Tyrone Huntley" }, { "docid": "1790366", "text": "Corey Michael Glover (born November 6, 1964) is an American singer. He is the lead vocalist of the rock band Living Colour and has toured as the vocalist for the funk band Galactic. As an actor, he played Francis in the 1986 war movie Platoon. Career Glover was born in Brooklyn, New York City. He was an aspiring actor when guitarist Vernon Reid drafted him into Living Colour in 1985, reportedly after seeing Glover singing \"Happy Birthday\" at a friend's party. He had appeared in a recruiting commercial for the United States Army, as Pvt. Francis in Oliver Stone's Vietnam war film, Platoon, and starred in a short-lived television series called Signs of Life. He has also hosted various shows on VH1. Living Colour found immediate success with the release of their debut album, Vivid in 1988. It eventually went platinum in April 1989 and again five years later. The album's single \"Cult of Personality\" won the 1989 Grammy Award for Best Hard Rock Performance and the band was named Best New Artist at the MTV Video Music Awards. Living Colour released two more albums (Time's Up and Stain) before splitting up in 1995. After the split, Glover started a solo career as Reverend Daddy Love and formed the band Vice with guitarist Mike Ciro. In 1995, Glover participated with an ensemble of notable vocalists, guitarists, bassists, and drummers, including the London Metropolitan Orchestra, to record a Jimi Hendrix tribute album named In From The Storm. Glover provided the vocals for tracks 7 and 8, which were In From The Storm (title track) and Drifting. Living Colour reunited on December 21, 2000, at CBGB's during a set by Will Calhoun and Doug Wimbish's live drum 'n' bass duo, Headfake. Glover guested on three songs, and Vernon Reid joined them three songs into the set. The reunion was followed by the release of the band's fourth studio album Collideøscope in October 2003. In August 2006, Glover began co-headlining a national tour of Jesus Christ Superstar, playing the role of Judas Iscariot opposite Ted Neeley. He took the place of singer Carl Anderson, who had played Judas since 1971 alongside Neeley and was set to reprise the role, but had died of leukemia in 2004. The tour ran through 2010. Glover told Neeley that when he was a child, seeing the movie version of the show was what made him decide to be an entertainer. In June 2008, Glover left the show to rejoin with Living Colour and to work on the next CD. Also in a major 2006 performance, Glover sang \"Superstar\" (from the musical Jesus Christ Superstar) at the 29th Kennedy Center Honors to its composer, honoree Andrew Lloyd Webber. On September 15, 2009, Living Colour released their fifth studio album, The Chair in the Doorway. In 2010, Glover began touring as the vocalist for the band Galactic. In 2011, Glover decided, through the use of Pledgemusic to ask fans to participate in a follow-up to Hymns. Instead of going", "title": "Corey Glover" }, { "docid": "47199756", "text": "Ned Kelly (sometimes titled Ned Kelly: The Electric Music Show) is an Australian musical with book and lyrics by Reg Livermore and music by Patrick Flynn. It tells the story of Australian bushranger Ned Kelly with an eclectic score combining rock opera, vaudeville and burlesque. The original Australian production played in Adelaide and Sydney in 1977 and 1978. Development and concept album Livermore began writing Ned Kelly in 1972 when touring as a performer with the musical Hair in Perth and Adelaide. Livermore and Flynn had previously collaborated on the musical Lasseter which was produced in Sydney in 1971 by the Old Tote Theatre Company at the Parade Theatre. In the manner of Jesus Christ Superstar, a concept album of the musical was made prior to a stage production. The concept album, released in mid-1974, featured various members of the Australian cast of Jesus Christ Superstar, including Jon English as Ned Kelly, Trevor White and John Paul Young as gang members, and Livermore as Sergeant Hare. Janice Slater sang the role of Ma Kelly. Creation of the album involved some disharmony between Ned Kelly'''s collaborators, with Bob Ellis brought in by producer Clyde Packer and Flynn to revise existing lyrics and write lyrics for new songs (he is credited on the album as additional lyrics). Side A \"What Else Is New?\" \"Put 'Em Down\" \"Lullaby\" \"Rob a Bank \" \"Never Going Home\" Side B \"Better Watch Yerself\" \"Dark Walk Home\" \"Queen Victoria's Fuzz\" \"If I Was King\" \"Die Like a Kelly\" \"Band Together\" \"Finale\" Charts Critical reception The Sun Herald called it \"alternately tragic, high camp, pathetic and funny.\" The Age called it highly derivative\" but also \"highly effective and plausible.\" Productions In 1974, it was announced that Robert Helpmann would direct a production in 1975 to feature Livermore, Jon English and Jeannie Lewis, produced by Packer in partnership with J.C. Williamson's. \"We're dealing with something that will be as big as Hair,\" said Clyde Packer. This production did not eventuate and rights lapsed. 1977 Adelaide production In mid-1977, the Adelaide Festival Centre Trust started planning for the first production of Ned Kelly, to open in Adelaide. Livermore was director and designer, with Keith Bain the choreographer and Michael Carlos musical director. \"It's not really a rock opera,\" said Livermore, \"but it's got rock opera in it. The music will run a gamut of styles. The whole thing will be a spectacular show. I'm not reducing it to folkky trivia like that Tony Richardson film.\" Livermore later said he did \"a major overhaul of the then fairly laborious script; discarding almost all of the historically accurate but arguably dull dialogue I wrote new lyrics to cover the discarded material; the show would now be entirely sung and played without an interval. \" The cast included Nick Turbin as Ned Kelly, Geraldine Turner as Ma Kelly, Doug Parkinson as Joe Byrne and Arthur Dignam as Superintendent Hare. Livermore wrote \"I passionately believed in the abilities of the men and women we", "title": "Ned Kelly (musical)" }, { "docid": "65621008", "text": "Trevor White (born 3 August 1947, Chelmsford, Essex, United Kingdom) is a British-Australian singer-songwriter. He is best known in Australia for playing the title role in the original Australian stage production of Jesus Christ Superstar. Biography 1961–1970: Sounds Incorporated In 1961, White auditioned for, and was successful in joining British instrumentalist group Sounds Incorporated, as vocals, and playing keyboard, piano, drums. The group visited Australia 3 times in 3 years and disbanded whilst in Perth in 1971. 1972–1981: Solo career After the disbandment of Sounds Incorporated, White auditioned for the Australian production of Jesus Christ Superstar and took the role of Jesus and relocated to Australia. White contributed to the original cast recording of the album. White toured briefly with The Kinks and played with the band Sailor. In the 1975 musical comedy The Rocky Horror Picture Show, White dubbed the singing voice of Rocky, who was played by Peter Hinwood. In 1976, White signing with Polydor Records and released Out of the Shadows. The album spawns two top 100 singles. In 1980, White signed with CBS and released two further singles. Discography Albums Singles Select Theatre Credits Jesus Christ Superstar (1972–73) Jesus Christ Superstar (1982–84) Rasputin (1987) External links Trevor White at Ausstage Trevor White at IMDB References Australian male singer-songwriters Australian singer-songwriters Living people 1947 births", "title": "Trevor White (musician)" }, { "docid": "802085", "text": "A list of articles related to Christian views of Jesus Jesus Christian views of Jesus Cultural and historical background of Jesus Dramatic portrayals of Jesus Christ Gospel harmony Historical Jesus Historicity of Jesus Images of Jesus Jesus and John the Baptist Jesus Christ Superstar Jesus in the Christian Bible Jesus Movement Jesus myth theory Jesus of Nazareth Jesus-Only doctrine Nazareth The Passion of the Christ Visions of Jesus and Mary Christian Christian cross Christian Identity Christian view of marriage Christianity Christianity and Biblical prophecy Christianity and Islam Christianity and Judaism Christians Christological argument History of Christianity Jesus Prayer Judeo-Christian Persecution of Christians Hebrew Aramaic language Near sacrifice of Isaac Jewish Messiah Jews for Jesus Jews in the New Testament Torah General Active obedience of Christ Advocate AD Anoint Antichrist Apostle Ascension Baptism BC Blessed Sacrament Blood Blood Atonement Christus Dominus Crucifixion Deicide God God and gender Immanuel INRI Isa Lamb of God The Last Supper Logos Nativity of Jesus Nativity scene Nazarene Passion Redeemer Sacred Heart Sermon on the Mount Session of Christ Son of God Stations of the Cross People Bishop Henry Emicho Billy Graham Hippolytus of Rome John the Baptist Jude Leviticus Madonna Mary Magdalene Mary, sister of Lazarus Philipp Melanchthon Monk Nun Peter the Hermit Pharisee Pontius Pilate Pope Priest Simeon Three Wise Men Laurentius Valla Zacheus the Tax Collector Things Aloes Altar Cross Crucifix Decalogue The Golden Bough Good Friday Halo Holy Grail Holy Prepuce Holy Spirit Hot cross bun Icon Julian calendar Lord's Prayer Massacre of the Innocents Medieval art Medieval poetry Morning Star Paschal candle Passe-dix Passion flower Passion play Pietà Prayer Q document Relic Religious festival Religious law The Robe Sacrament Sacred language \"Silent Night\" Spear of Destiny Ten Commandments Tomb True Cross Veil Places Basilica of the Sacré Coeur Capernaum Church of the Nativity Corcovado (Brazil) Emmaus Mount of Olives Nazareth Notre-Dame de Reims Rio de Janeiro Sea of Galilee Turin Concepts Adoptionism The Antichrist and the last days Apocrypha Arguments for the existence of God Biblical Jesus Born again Children of Israel Chosen people Clerical celibacy Covenant Creed Damnation Dispensationalism Divine illumination Divine light Eschatology Eucharist Evangelicalism Extra Ecclesiam Nulla Salus First Vision The Four Spiritual Laws Fundamentalism Gnosticism Grace Heresy Iconoclasm Idolatry Impeccability Incarnation Jehovah's Witnesses beliefs Kingdom of Heaven Laying on of hands Life-death-rebirth deity Lord Mannerism Marcionism Messiah Millennialism Monoenergism Names of God The nature of God Nestorianism Original sin Parable Peace symbol Pentecostalism Perseverance of the saints Predestination Prophet Rapture Religion Religious conversion Religious pluralism Repentance Resurrection of the dead Resurrection Revelation Righteousness Sabbath Salvation Season of advent Second Coming Semiotic literary interpretation Sin Sin-offering Slogan 'Jesus is Lord' Solemnity Soul Spiritual warfare Supernatural Theology Throne Transfiguration of Jesus Transubstantiation Trinity What would Jesus do? Writings Acts of Pilate Alexamenos graffito Bible The Bible and history Bible story Book of Mormon Dating the Bible Epistle of Jude Epistle to the Colossians Epistle to the Ephesians Epistle to the Romans Gospel Gospel Harmony Gospel of John Gospel of", "title": "List of Jesus-related topics" }, { "docid": "55426636", "text": "Matthías Matthíasson (born 1975), also known as Matti Matt, is an Icelandic musician who was a member of the bands and Reggae on Ice. He took part in the Eurovision Song Contest 2011 as the vocalist of the tribute band Sjonni's Friends and was the singing voice of Sportacus in the children's television series LazyTown. Life and career Matthías was born in and grew up in Dalvík in northern Iceland. In his youth, he performed in several musicals, such as Hair, and Jesus Christ Superstar, where he played Peter. He was nominated for an Icelandic Music Award for \"Best Newcomer\" in 1995 for his acting in Jesus Christ Superstar. In 1996, he was recruited by athlete Magnus Scheving to be the singing voice of Sportacus () in the original Icelandic LazyTown plays, Áfram Latibær! and Glanni Glæpur í Latabæ. Matthías continued this role in the LazyTown television series, where he sang Sportacus' vocals in both the English and Icelandic dubs. In 1997, his band at the time, Dúndurfréttir, was praised by Rolling Stone as \"the best Pink Floyd, Led Zeppelin cover band ever\". In 2010, he progressed to the semi-finals in the selection of the Icelandic Eurovision entrant, but ultimately lost to Hera Björk. In 2011, he became the lead vocalist of the tribute band Sjonni's Friends, the band which represented Iceland in the Eurovision Song Contest 2011, where they performed the song \"Coming Home\". Personal life Matthías has three sons with his wife, Brynja. References External links Living people 21st-century Icelandic singers Icelandic rock singers People from Dalvík Eurovision Song Contest entrants for Iceland Eurovision Song Contest entrants of 2011 1975 births", "title": "Matthías Matthíasson" }, { "docid": "38959170", "text": "Friðrik Karlsson is an Icelandic musician and songwriter. He studied classical and jazz/rock guitar and had success with the group Mezzoforte in 1983 with the U.K. top 20 hit, \"Garden Party\". He has contributed to the soundtracks of musicals such as Jesus Christ Superstar and Saturday Night Fever and to that of movies such as Evita and Hercules. His TV work includes accompanying singers Madonna, José Carreras and Tom Jones. Karlsson has also appeared on albums and singles from Boyzone and Cliff Richard, among others. Karlsson has moved back home to his native Iceland, after living in London, where he among other jobs worked as a session musician playing guitar in the musical Jesus Christ Superstar. He has released numerous new-age and relaxation music albums known as \"The Feel Good Collection\". In 2014, Karlsson also played as session musician for Kate Bush's first live performances in 35 years, playing guitar for 22 dates. Albums References Living people Year of birth missing (living people) Fridrik Karlsson Male guitarists Mezzoforte (band) members Eurovision Song Contest entrants of 1992 Fridrik Karlsson", "title": "Friðrik Karlsson" }, { "docid": "29110007", "text": "Luke Kennedy is an Australian performer best known for placing second on the second season of The Voice (Australia). He has also toured internationally with the Ten Tenors and performed the title role in Jesus Christ Superstar in six different productions around Australia. Career Luke Kennedy began his performance career in Townsville, Queensland where he performed in numerous local productions from the age of 16 onwards, including Jesus in Jesus Christ Superstar, Marius in Les Misérables and Mary Sunshine in Chicago. He moved to Brisbane in 2002 to again play the title role in Jesus Christ Superstar and continued in productions of The Wiz as the Lion, Alice, Beauty and the Beast as the Beast and Cain/Japheth in Children of Eden. In 2007, Luke played the role of Jamie in Jason Robert Brown's The Last Five Years co-starring his now-partner Brisbane-based actress Naomi Price for (Oscar Theatre Company/Judith Wright Arts Centre). In August and again in June 2011, he played the title role in a production of Jesus Christ Superstar at the QPAC Playhouse. He released his debut album, Overexposed, in July 2010 and reprised the title role in Jesus Christ Superstar, this time for the Gilbert and Sullivan Society of South Australia in Adelaide, South Australia. Kennedy returned to the role of Jesus in June 2015 for a sixth time at AIS Arena Canberra opposite Michael Falzon as Judas. Kennedy, along with Rachael Beck, Alexandra Flood and Michael Falzon joined Queensland Symphony Orchestra for Queensland Ballet's season of Strictly Gershwin in late May to early June 2016. The Ten Tenors Luke joined international touring group the Ten Tenors in early 2008 and in nearly two years on the road, he performed shows on nearly every continent in the world. Highlights of his time with TTT include the 2009 Jerry Lewis MDA Telethon which was broadcast to 32 million people across North America, the 2008 Emirates Melbourne Cup and the DVD recording of Amigos Para Siempre: Live in Madrid in August 2009 with the RTVE Orchestra. The Voice Australia, Record Deal, and A Time For Us In April 2013, Kennedy auditioned for Season 2 of The Voice Australia. He appeared on the fourth Blind Audition episode on 10 April 2013 singing \"Un giorno per noi (A Time for Us)\". All four coaches turned their chairs with standing ovations. Kennedy chose Ricky Martin as his coach . He was paired against \"Belinda Adams\" in the Battle Rounds singing Rose Laurens \"I Dreamed a Dream\". This resulted in Martin choosing Kennedy to go through to the Showdowns. In the Showdowns he sang \"Con te partirò\" by Andrea Bocelli and was voted through to the live finals by the public. In the first Live Final he sang \"Please Don't Ask Me\" by John Farnham. This was the first time he has moved away from his Opera genre into a more pop genre. After impressing coach Ricky Martin the most on his team, Martin put him straight through to the top 12. In the", "title": "Luke Kennedy" }, { "docid": "2078367", "text": "Paul Thomas is an American pornographic film actor and director. He is a member of the AVN Hall of Fame and the XRCO Hall of Fame. Biography Thomas was born in Winnetka, Illinois to an upper-middle-class family in 1949. His father was of Greek-Jewish descent and his mother of Russian-Jewish descent. His family moved to the nearby Village of Glencoe, Illinois where he attended Glencoe's Central School, played on the school's basketball team and graduated 8th grade in 1963. He then attended New Trier Township High School and graduated in 1967. Although he claims to have attended the University of Wisconsin at Madison on a basketball scholarship and studied political science, he turned to acting as a career. He is the nephew of businesswoman Sara Lee Lubin. He began his acting career in the play Hair in both Chicago and New York. Then he appeared in the stage version of Jesus Christ Superstar on Broadway and in a touring production, where he played all the male roles except Peter. After completing the touring production, Norman Jewison cast him as Peter in his film version of Jesus Christ Superstar. He also performed in the long-running play Beach Blanket Babylon in San Francisco. He signed with the William Morris Agency and went to Hollywood, where he appeared in a few television shows. At this point, he appeared ready to start a career in mainstream television and movie work, but instead he turned to the career for which he would become more famous. Thomas started working in pornography in 1974. He met the porn producers the Mitchell Brothers while playing in a musical in San Francisco. He performed in several porn loops for them and, in 1976, appeared in his first porn feature, The Autobiography of a Flea. Thomas performed mostly using the stage name \"Paul Thomas\", but he has also appeared under several other names. In 1982, Thomas was arrested for smuggling cocaine into the United States from South America. Convicted, he served one year in jail. Following his release from prison, Thomas resumed his career and, in 1983, won the Adult Film Association of America Award for Best Actor in Virginia. He had a starring role in the 1985 film series Taboo American Style. Thomas started directing porn films in 1985, and has directed for Vivid Entertainment since 1986. Thomas has acted in over 500 films and directed nearly 300 films, winning seven Adult Video News Awards and two X-Rated Critics Organization Awards for best director. He was inducted into the X-Rated Critics Organization Hall of Fame in 1986. Thomas is a member of the Adult Video News Hall of Fame. He is a personal friend of Jennifer Ketcham, who recounts Thomas' directing style as relying heavily on aesthetics with \"one-hundred-page scripts\" and \"deftly placed lighting\" in order to create shadow effects on his performers' bodies. She also stated that Thomas would require more acting from his performers than many other directors in the industry. Partial filmography As actor Jesus Christ", "title": "Paul Thomas (director)" }, { "docid": "55688315", "text": "Jesus Christ Superstar Live in Concert is an American musical television special that was broadcast live on NBC on April 1, 2018 (Easter Sunday) and rebroadcast (from tape) on Easter Sunday 2020, April 12, 2020. Executively produced by Craig Zadan, Neil Meron, Andrew Lloyd Webber, Tim Rice, and Marc Platt, it was a staged concert performance of the 1970 rock opera Jesus Christ Superstar. It received positive reviews from critics but had a smaller viewership than earlier musical specials. Description and plot The musical is almost entirely sung-through, with minimal spoken dialogue. The plot is loosely based on the Canonical Gospels' accounts of the last week of the life of Jesus Christ, beginning with the preparation for the arrival of Jesus and his disciples in Jerusalem and ending with the crucifixion. The disciple Judas Iscariot is worried that Jesus has become too swept up in the adoration of his followers, rather than focusing on his teachings about taking care of the poor, and that his following has grown too large and outspoken, which could soon provoke the wrath of the Roman Empire (\"Heaven on Their Minds\"). Judas also objects to Jesus spending his time with Mary Magdalene (\"What's the Buzz / Strange Thing Mystifying\"), who advises Jesus to relax (\"Everything's All Right\"). Judas's fears prove justified as priests Caiaphas, Annas and more gather and agree that Jesus and his movement must be crushed (\"This Jesus Must Die\"). Jesus enters Jerusalem filled with exaltation (\"Hosanna\") until he discovers that his temple has become overrun with unscrupulous merchants and money lenders. Overwhelmed by a throng of people needing his assistance, he tells them to heal themselves (\"The Temple\"), and his follower Mary Magdalene attempts to calm him. Fearing that Jesus' movement is getting out of control, Judas goes to the Priests and tells them where Jesus will be the following night. The Priests pay him with 30 pieces of silver. Judas arrives at Jesus' location with Roman soldiers and identifies Jesus by kissing him on the cheek. The soldiers arrest Jesus and send him to Caiaphas, then Pontius Pilate, King Herod Antipas, and finally back to Pilate, who condemns him to death on the cross. Cast and characters Main John Legend as Jesus Christ Sara Bareilles as Mary Magdalene Brandon Victor Dixon as Judas Iscariot Alice Cooper as King Herod Norm Lewis as Caiaphas Ben Daniels as Pontius Pilate Jason Tam as Peter Jin Ha as Annas Erik Grönwall as Simon Zealotes Ensemble Melody Betts Felicia Boswell Abby Corrigan Micaela Diamond Rory Donovan Christine Dwyer Mike Evariste F. Michael Haynie Charissa Hogeland Bre Jackson Mykal Kilgore Billy Lewis Jr. Justin Gregory Lopez Angel Lozada Vince Oddo Kyle Taylor Parker Joel Perez Jonah Platt Conor Ryan Christina Sajous Justin Matthew Sargent Heath Saunders Joey Taranto Syndee Winters Lauren Zakrin Dancers Chloe Davis Timothy Edwards Shelby Finnie Bahiyah Hibah Juel D. Lane Terk Lewis Mayte Natalio Sarah Parker Willie Smith III Maleek Washington Musical numbers The musical numbers from the track list of the", "title": "Jesus Christ Superstar Live in Concert" }, { "docid": "6901066", "text": "\"I Don't Know How to Love Him\" is a song from the 1970 album and 1971 rock opera Jesus Christ Superstar written by Andrew Lloyd Webber (music) and Tim Rice (lyrics), a torch ballad sung by the character of Mary Magdalene. In the opera she is presented as bearing an unrequited love for the title character. The song has been much recorded, with \"I Don't Know How to Love Him\" being one of the rare songs to have had two concurrent recordings reach the top 40 of the Hot 100 chart in Billboard magazine, specifically those by Helen Reddy and Yvonne Elliman, since the 1950s when multi-version chartings were common. Composition and original recording (Yvonne Elliman) \"I Don't Know How to Love Him\" had originally been published with different lyrics in autumn 1967, the original title being \"Kansas Morning\". The melody's main theme has come under some scrutiny for being non-original, being compared to a theme from Mendelssohn's Violin Concerto in E Minor. In December 1969 and January 1970, when Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice completed Jesus Christ Superstar, Rice wrote new lyrics to the tune of \"Kansas Morning\" to provide the solo number for the character of Mary Magdalene (Rice and Webber's agent David Land would purchase the rights to \"Kansas Morning\" back from Southern Music for £50). Now entitled \"I Don't Know How to Love Him\", the song was recorded by Yvonne Elliman and completed between March and July 1970. When first presented with \"I Don't Know How to Love Him\", Elliman had been puzzled by the romantic nature of the lyrics, as she had been under the impression that the Mary she'd been recruited to portray was Jesus's mother. Recorded in one take at Olympic Studios in June 1970, \"I Don't Know How to Love Him\" has been universally acclaimed as the high point of the Jesus Christ Superstar soundtrack since the album's September 1970 release; in 2003 The Rough Guide to Cult Pop would assess Elliman's performance: \"It's rare to hear a singer combine such power and purity of tone in one song, and none of the famous singers who have covered this ballad since have come close.\" The choice for the first single release went, however, to the track \"Superstar\" by Murray Head. When a cover of \"I Don't Know How to Love Him\" by Helen Reddy began moving up the charts in spring 1971, the original track by Elliman was issued as a single to reach No. 28, although Reddy's version was more successful at No. 13. Both versions did moderately well on the Adult Contemporary chart, with Reddy's at No. 12 and Elliman's at No. 15 Despite the difference in chart success,Cash Box considered Elliman's version to be the stronger version of the song. In early 1972, Elliman's \"I Don't Know How to Love Him\" was issued in the UK on a double A-side single with Head's \"Superstar\"; with this release Elliman faced competition with a cover of \"I Don't Know How", "title": "I Don't Know How to Love Him" }, { "docid": "1721674", "text": "Rock music has been performed and heard in Lithuania since the mid-1960s. At first, repression by the Soviet authorities meant that rock was performed only at illegal gatherings, while music from the West was available on Radio Luxembourg or smuggled records. As pressure eased somewhat, rock musicals began to be released, such as Velnio nuotaka ('The Devil's Bride') and Ugnies medžioklė su varovais. Leading bands of the 1980s included Foje and Antis, and this period also saw the emergence of punk rock. Rock became less popular during the 1990s, although bands in a variety of genres were showcased in the annual Blogiausių grupių festivalis (Worst Bands Festival). A revival began around 2005, and prominent bands include SKAMP, the gothic rock band Siela, and the folk metal band Žalvarinis. A number of rock music festivals take place each year, including Mėnuo Juodaragis and Kilkim žaibu. 1960s-1970s During this period, the Communist government of the Lithuanian SSR confronted rock music, which was considered a decadent and corrupting cultural invasion from the West. The younger post-World War II Lithuanian generation under Soviet rule had few means to get acquainted with popular Western music. One was Radio Luxembourg, the only radio station available on Soviet frequencies that played current, popular rock. Another means was to smuggle LPs of popular Western bands into Lithuania and copy them onto magnetic tape. The Beatles were one of the first influences on Lithuanian rock musicians. The first local rock bands started to emerge around 1965 and included Kertukai, Aitvarai and Nuogi ant slenksčio in Kaunas, and Kęstutis Antanėlis, Vienuoliai, and Gėlių Vaikai in Vilnius, among others. Most of these bands did nothing more than play covers of The Beatles and Rolling Stones, sometimes adapting Lithuanian lyrics to these songs. The dominance of covers bands started to change around 1968, when local artists started to explore original songwriting. Such bands were popular at student parties, known as sessions. These parties were deemed illegal by the communist establishment, which considered them a corrupting influence. The most famous session of the time took place in Vilnius in 1971, when major local and Latvian bands performed before a crowd of several hundred - a huge number of people to attend such an event at that time. After the concert, its organizers were persecuted by the KGB. In addition, a distinct genre of song formed during this period. Musicians like Vytautas Kernagis and Vytautas Babravičius created intimate acoustic ballads featuring their own lyrics and those of other Lithuanian poets. Due to conditions imposed by the totalitarian regime, almost no records from this period survive to this day. Despite the regime's stance against invasive Western culture, some musicals influenced by rock-and-roll managed to surface. For example, Andrew Lloyd Webber's rock-opera 'Jesus Christ Superstar' was staged by Lithuanian composer Kęstutis Antanėlis on December 25, 1971 at the Vilnius Academy of Art. It was the first staging of 'Jesus Christ Superstar' in Europe. Lithuania's first and most popular movie musical 'Velnio nuotaka' ('The Devil's Bride'), written", "title": "Rock music in Lithuania" }, { "docid": "43179018", "text": "Lucio P. Fernandez is a Cuban-American politician and entertainer, who works as the Commissioner of Public Affairs in Union City, New Jersey, where he serves under Mayor Brian P. Stack. He is also an artist, author, singer, actor, dancer, playwright, screenwriter, producer and film director who has been credited with being instrumental in reviving the arts in Union City. Early life Lucio Fernandez was born in Havana, Cuba to Lucio Pablo Gallardo and Herminia Fernandez, a seamstress. He has a brother Frank and two sisters, Anna and Pabla. Lucio and his family lived in poverty, a situation made worse by the fact that Lucio Pablo was a political prisoner. Years later, as a citizen of Union City, New Jersey, where Cuban émigrés are common, Fernandez commented on these roots thus: I'm as Cuban as a cheeseburger. But I know the history. My father and stepfather were both political prisoners. My father had his hair and nails pulled out. For many people in Union City, there are such stories in their families. When Herminia was forced to leave the country for political reasons, the family lived in Spain for one year before emigrating to the United States in the 1970s, when Fernandez was a child. They lived first in North Bergen, New Jersey and then in Union City, New Jersey, where he grew up. After attending Union Hill High School, he studied at Rutgers University/Newark Campus, initially double majoring in engineering and business. According to Fernandez, he was strolling through the campus with a friend one day when they stopped at the Theater Department. After seeing the black box theater, Fernandez explains, \"I knew right away that's where I wanted to be.\" Fernandez switched majors, and graduated with a bachelor's degree in Theater Arts. He later graduated from the Bobby Lewis Theatre Workshop in Manhattan. Career Entertainment After graduating Fernandez began auditioning, sending out hundreds of photos and résumés every week, while simultaneously taking classes for singing, acting and dancing. He eventually began to get responses, and joined the Screen Actors Guild, Actors' Equity Association and the American Federation of Television and Radio Artists, with whom he did television and radio acting, including TV commercials and small roles in movies and soap operas. From 1985 to 1997, he toured nationally and internationally with productions of shows such as West Side Story, Jesus Christ Superstar, A Chorus Line and Guys and Dolls, working alongside performers such as Marc Anthony, Shirley MacLaine and Gene Kelly, and with directors and choreographers such as Jerome Robbins, Jerry Zaks, Michael Peters. In the course of his touring he traveled as far as Ecuador and Mexico City. In September 2000 Fernandez and his wife, Megan, founded the non-profit Grace Theatre Workshop, which provides free lessons in various fields of the arts to children. It was named after its first home, Union City's Grace Episcopal Church's auditorium, where it began with seven students, but as of 2007 it is run out of Jose Marti Freshman Academy, where it", "title": "Lucio Fernandez" }, { "docid": "66449671", "text": "Conway Christ Redneck Superstar: The greatest country'n'western story ever told is a satirical theatre production originally performed at La Boite Theatre's late night cabaret La Bamba on 13–16 November 1985. The production was directed by David Pyle and Sean Mee. The 1985 production featured 80 cast members and a 26-piece band. The season was booked out prior to opening night. History Conway Christ Redneck Superstar was the second of six plays produced between 1985 and 1996 by a group of arts workers who formed a company called ToadShow Pty Ltd in 1986. All productions blended two well-known stories and interspersed the story with popular songs while satirising local politics and providing social comment. ToadShow produced The Paisley Pirates of Penzance (1985), Conway Christ Redneck Superstar (1985) and Hound of Music (1986), SherWoodstock (1990), Phantoad of the Opera (1991) and Glamalot (1996). Theatre critic John Harris said, \"The musicals are unique to Brisbane, conceived and written by a combination of talents undoubtedly unlike any to be found anywhere else in the world. They employ music with a rock beat, satire with a light touch, and casts of dozens, scores, or hundreds, depending upon the venue.\" Story The story of Jesus Christ, Superstar is relocated to the Southern United States where downtrodden rural workers are exploited by the evil Boss Roman. The workers seek assistance from retired gunslinger Joe Christ whose son Conway goes to the rescue. The satire includes elements of classic country and western music and films particularly The Magnificent Seven and High Noon. Music Heaven Is My Woman's Love Working For The Man Wand'rin' Star Walk Tall If I Were A Carpenter Convoy Jesus Christ, Superstar Stand By Your Man These Boots Were Made For Walkin' Gethsemane Are You Lonesome Tonight? (The Man Who Shot) Liberty Valance Ring Of Fire I Remember You Here You Come Again Cast Conway Christ - Pat Leo Boss Roman - Paul Sugars Mary Lou Magdalene - Justine Anderson Judith Iscariot - Toni Mott Qantas Pilot - Barry Searle Mary Christ - Lisa Hickey Joseph Christ - Adam Couper Mayor - Maria Cleary Sheriff - Andrew Blackman Roman I - Stephen O'Keefe Roman II - Scott Witt Roman III - Lil Kelman Juan - Simon Stocks Doo - Tony Biggs Trey - Annie Henderson Peter Bob - Roger Rosser Luke - Katrina Devery Reception Sue Gough in The Australian said it was \"the cleverest and most energetic show I have seen all year.\" References Musicals set in the United States 1985 musicals Australian musicals Stage portrayals of Jesus", "title": "Conway Christ Redneck Superstar" }, { "docid": "66952139", "text": "John 1:47 is the 47th verse in the first chapter of the Gospel of John in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. Content In the original Greek according to Westcott-Hort this verse is: Εἶδεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς τὸν Ναθαναὴλ ἐρχόμενον πρὸς αὐτόν, καὶ λέγει περὶ αὐτοῦ, Ἴδε ἀληθῶς Ἰσραηλίτης, ἐν ᾧ δόλος οὐκ ἔστι. In the King James Version of the Bible the text reads: Jesus saw Nathanael coming to him, and saith of him, Behold an Israelite indeed, in whom is no guile! The New International Version translates the passage as: When Jesus saw Nathanael approaching, he said of him, \"Here is a true Israelite, in whom there is nothing false.\" Analysis Cornelius a Lapide states that this passage clearly shows that Jesus knew the pure state of Nathanael's heart. And so by this sign, Nathanael could know that Jesus was not just a person, but also God, a \"knower of hearts\". John MacEvilly comments that Jesus knew that Nathanael would come to Him in simplicity and would not try to debate with Him from the scriptures. Commentary from the Church Fathers Chrysostom: \"Nathanael, in difficulty as to Christ coming out of Nazareth, showed the care with which he had read the Scriptures: his not rejecting the tidings when brought him, showed his strong desire for Christ’s coming. He thought that Philip might be mistaken as to the place. It follows, Jesus saw Nathanael coming to Him, and saith of him, Behold an Israelite indeed, in whom is no guile! There was no fault to be found with him, though he had spoken like one who did not believe, because he was more deeply read in the Prophets than Philip. He calls him guileless, because he had said nothing to gain favour, or gratify malice.\" Augustine: \"What does this mean, In whom is no guile? Had he no sin? Was no physician necessary for him? Far from it. No one was ever born, of a temper not to need the Physician. It is guile, when we say one thing, and think another. How then was there no guile in him? Because, if he was a sinner, he confessed his sin; whereas if a man, being a sinner, pretends to be righteous, there is guile in his mouth. Our Lord then commended the confession of sin in Nathanael; He did not pronounce him not a sinner.\" References External links Other translations of John 1:47 at BibleHub 01:47", "title": "John 1:47" }, { "docid": "590691", "text": "Jesus Christ Superstars is the fifth studio album by Slovenian industrial and electronic music group Laibach. Released in 1996 the concept album collects original and cover songs where religion is the central theme. The theme of religion is constructed around Christianity and the title references Andrew Lloyd Webber's rock opera Jesus Christ Superstar. Unlike the albums before it, Jesus Christ Superstars has a much more guitar driven sound, with the overall result being reminiscent of the bands belonging to the genre of industrial metal. Track listing \"God Is God\" (Burton/Watkins) – 3:43 \"Jesus Christ Superstar\" (Lloyd Webber/Rice) – 5:45 \"Kingdom of God\" (Avsenik/Chris Bohn/Laibach) – 5:37 \"Abuse and Confession\" (Avsenik/Chris Bohn/Laibach) – 6:14 \"Declaration of Freedom\" (Chris Bohn/Laibach) – 5:33 \"Message from the Black Star\" (Chris Bohn/Laibach) – 5:50 \"The Cross\" (Prince) – 4:54 \"To the New Light\" (Avsenik/Chris Bohn/Laibach) – 5:00 \"Deus Ex Machina\" (Avsenik/Laibach) – 4:00 \"God is God\" is a cover of the Juno Reactor song. \"Jesus Christ Superstar\" is a cover of the Andrew Loyd Weber and Tim Rice song from the stage and film musical, \"Jesus Christ Superstar\". \"The Cross\" is a cover of the Prince song. \"To the New Light\" is an adaptation of their early song \"Brat moj,\" with a new English translation of the lyrics. References Laibach (band) albums 1996 albums Mute Records albums", "title": "Jesus Christ Superstars" }, { "docid": "2927241", "text": "Jeffrey Craig Fenholt (September 15, 1950 – September 10, 2019) was an American musician, singer and actor best known for his performance as the title character in the original Broadway theatre adaptation of Jesus Christ Superstar and for his appearance on the cover of Time. In later years, Fenholt gained recognition as a Christian evangelist and singer, as well as controversy over his involvement with the English heavy metal band Black Sabbath. Background and early years Jeffrey Craig Fenholt was born on September 15, 1950, in Columbus, Ohio, to parents Robert and Janet Fenholt. He has a brother named Tom, and two sisters, Nancy and Melinda. He also has one foster brother, Bill. Fenholt grew up in Ohio and went to school in Columbus, Ohio. He was involved with a number of rock bands and performed at various school functions. Fenholt got his first regional hit recording titled \"Goin' Too Far\" with the band The Fifth Order when he was 14. He toured extensively while he was in high school. By his own admission, he was a troubled youth with a juvenile delinquency record. Later, while in college, he worked at Jeffrey Mining Machinery Co. as a material mover in the motor winding and assembly department, and loading and unloading beef sides for a non-union roughneck truck dock, EC Jones, Trucking. Fenholt attended Ohio State University for two years on a music scholarship, and later earned his B.A. in music at The School of Bible Theology University in San Jacinto, California. Fenholt was cast as Jesus in the original Broadway production of Jesus Christ Superstar at the Mark Hellinger Theatre. Jesus Christ Superstar (JCS) sold in excess of 12 million albums. JCS cast members Carl Anderson and Yvonne Elliman toured with Fenholt on the JCS world tour as Judas Iscariot and Mary Magdalene, respectively. Fenholt released several solo recordings, including a successful cover of Graham Nash's \"Simple Man\" (not to be confused with Lobo's \"A Simple Man,\" which was released at nearly the same time). Fenholt co-founded Entertainment Capital Corporation with Jeff Thornburg, former president of The Robert Stigwood Org, producing Andy Warhol's film, Bad. ECC also produced recordings for Fenholt. Thornburg and Fenholt amicably parted ways when Thornburg accepted the position of head of venture capital for Paramount Pictures. In 1978, Fenholt recorded a disco LP titled Smile for CBS and was paid $300,000. Fenholt also recorded for Capitol Records, Universal, Paramount, Polygram, Polydor, Decca, RCA, and as a youth, Laurie, Diamond and Cameo Parkway. He last recorded for Sony. In 1983, Fenholt moved across the country to Southern California to pursue music, but this time it was for rock and roll. During this period, Fenholt would record demos in the studio with Tony Iommi and members of Black Sabbath as a lead vocalist, but his departure from the group would take place before anything officially materialized. Fenholt was also the lead singer of a number of other rock groups in his lifetime, such as \"Driver\" which featured members", "title": "Jeff Fenholt" }, { "docid": "18995492", "text": "Britain's Got the Pop Factor... and Possibly a New Celebrity Jesus Christ Soapstar Superstar Strictly on Ice is a British television comedy special co-created, co-written, directed, produced by and starring comedian Peter Kay. It premiered on Channel 4 on 12 October 2008 in two parts. The special is a satire of reality television, and particularly, talent competitions such as Britain's Got Talent, Pop Idol, and The X Factor. It is presented as the grand final of the in-universe programme Britain's Got the Pop Factor, using recaps to chronicle the three finalists—Geraldine McQueen (Kay), 2 Up 2 Down (Jo Enright, Karl Lucas, David Hulston and Sian Foulkes), and R Wayne (Marc Pickering). The special satirizes clichés associated with the genre, such as contestants with memorable, emotional backstories intended to influence viewers' perceptions of them. It was the first show Kay had produced on the channel for four years, and was described by Channel 4 as the 'comedy forefront of the autumn schedule\"'. The broadcast of the special also mimicked those of reality shows, with the two parts (the latter being the \"results show\") being hammocked by a Peter Kay documentary. The two halves of the special were seen by a total of 7.16 and 4.01 million viewers respectively, while Kay released several singles in-character as McQueen, including \"The Winner's Song\", and a cover of \"I Know Him So Well\" with Susan Boyle as a charity single for Red Nose Day 2011. Plot The special depicts the grand final of the talent competition series Britain's Got the Pop Factor (whose winner qualifies to appear on Celebrity Jesus Christ Soapstar Superstar Strictly on Ice), hosted by Cat Deeley and judged by Nicki Chapman, Pete Waterman and Neil Fox. The final included recaps of the series, including the acts who did not make it to the final, and the three finalists—revealing that their emotional \"sob stories\" were the driving force behind which contestants advanced to the finals. Geraldine McQueen (Kay) had gone through gender reassignment surgery after being a male piano player on a Northern Irish ferry. 2 Up 2 Down (Jo Enright, Karl Lucas, David Hulston and Sian Foulkes) was a pop group where two of its members used wheelchairs, while R Wayne (Marc Pickering) had been originally eliminated during boot camp for not having a good sob story. However, R Wayne was brought back onto the show after his grandmother, R Gran, died from a heart attack upon hearing news of his elimination. The three finalists each performed a live medley (performed in a serious manner, with the insensitivity of the song selections providing the humour). At this point, R Wayne was eliminated and the final two acts then performed their own rendition of \"The Winner's Song\". The winner of the show was Geraldine. She collapsed on stage during the last lines of her version of \"The Winner's Song\" from choking on a piece of glitter confetti. R Wayne, not noticing, ended up being the only person actually singing these last lines.", "title": "Britain's Got the Pop Factor... and Possibly a New Celebrity Jesus Christ Soapstar Superstar Strictly on Ice" }, { "docid": "27356179", "text": "Jesus Christ Superstar (1972 Swedish cast) is an album released on Philips in 1972. The album features the Swedish cast from Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice's rock opera, Jesus Christ Superstar. Jesus Christ was originally performed by Peter Winsnes on the Swedish opening at the Scandinavium arena in Göteborg. On tour as well as at the Johanneshov arena in Stockholm Jesus was played by Bruno Wintzell, who also sings the part of Jesus Christ at the Swedish cast's studio recording. Among other artists were featured in the Swedish cast by their respective roles: Arne Jansson as Judas Iscariot, Örjan Ramberg as Herod, Bernt Henziger as Pontius Pilate, and Agnetha Fältskog as Mary Magdalene. Cast Björn Ulvaeus, Agnetha's husband at the time, had heard about the Swedish production, so he suggested that Agnetha should audition for the role of Mary Magdalene. The producers had a hard time choosing between Agnetha and Titti Sjöblom, due to the respect of Titti's mother, famous singer Alice Babs. In what was termed a compromise, Agnetha headlined in the role against Peter Winsnes as Jesus, with Sjöblom playing two nights and the matinee was performed by Adele Lipuma as Mary Magdalene. Titti Sjöblom, playing Mary Magdalene and Bruno Winzell as Jesus Christ went to perform on tour at Örebro and Gävle, after a compromise was made. In Stockholm Agnetha Fältskog returned as Mary Magdalene, with Bruno Winzell as Jesus. Peter Winsnes went back to the Falkoner Center and picked up his utterly successful performance in Copenhagen again. The Danish daily paper Politiken crowned him the \"Super-Superstar\". The premiere was held on February 18 at The Scandinavium arena in Gothenburg and the ten performances run set an \"untouchable Swedish record\" playing to 74.000 people. Judas Iscariot: Arne Jansson Jesus Christ: Bruno Wintzell Mary Magdalene: Agnetha Fältskog Priest: Håkan Mohede Caiaphas: Carl-Johan Sacklén Annas: Hasse Jenbratt Simon Zealotes: Dan Tillberg Pontius Pilate: Bernt Henziger Peter: Göran Runfelt King Herod: Örjan Ramberg Maid by the Fire: Elisabeth Barkstedt Old Man: Bo Maniette Ensemble: Stefan Ahlquist, Leif Axel, Lars-Åke Bly, Ylva Bång, Kersti Fernström, Kerstin Fält, Tommy Hansson, Linda Hellström, Funny Holmerin, Gert Honnér, Inga Jansson, Adele Lipuma, Bengt Lundblad, Moa Myrén, Anita Nyman, Lars Nellde, Jan Petrus, Tomas Paulson, Björn Pousette, Karin Samuelson, Titti Sjöblom, Jon Wijk. Track listing LP 1 \"Ouvertyr 4:05 \" Ditt Folk Har Du Förlett 4:00 (Judas) \" Vad Står På?/Hon Går På Gatan 4:44 (Jesus, Judas, Lärjungarna, kvinnor och män) \" Nu Ska Du Bli Stilla 4:20 (Maria Magdalena, Judas,Lärjungarna, kvinnor och män) \" Jesus Må Dö 3:25 (Kaifas, Hannas, Präster och deras följe) \" Hosianna 2:00 (Kaifas, Jesus och ensemble) \" Simon Ivraren/Ack, Mitt Jerusalem 4:42 (Simon, Jesus och ensemble) \" Pilatus Dröm 1:35 (Pilatus) \" I Templet 4:38 (Jesus och ensemble) \" Allting Är Allright 0:28 (Maria Magdalena) \" Vart Ska Min Kärlek Föra 3:24 (Maria Magdalena och Jesus) \" Dömd För Alltid 6:03 (Judas, Hannas, Kaifas och Prästerna) LP 2 \" Nattvarden 6:55 (Jesus, Judas och Lärjungarna) \" I Getsemane", "title": "Jesus Christ Superstar (1972 Swedish cast)" }, { "docid": "488793", "text": "James Patrick Caviezel Jr. ( ; born September 26, 1968) is an American actor. He played Jesus in The Passion of the Christ (2004) and The Passion of the Christ: Resurrection - Chapter I (2025), Tim Ballard in Sound of Freedom (2023), and starred as John Reese on the CBS series Person of Interest (2011–2016). He played Slov in G.I. Jane (1997), Private Witt in The Thin Red Line (1998), Detective John Sullivan in Frequency (2000), Catch in Angel Eyes (2001), and Edmond Dantès in The Count of Monte Cristo (2002). Since 2021, Caviezel has repeatedly publicly endorsed elements of QAnon conspiracy theories. Early life Caviezel was born in Mount Vernon, Washington, the son of Margaret (née Lavery), a homemaker and former stage actress, and James Caviezel, a chiropractor. He has a younger brother, Timothy, and three sisters, Ann, Amy, and Erin. He was raised in a tight-knit Catholic family in Conway, Washington. His surname is Romansh. His father is of Swiss and Slovak descent, while his mother is Irish. Career Caviezel began acting in plays in Seattle, Washington. He earned his Screen Actors Guild card with a minor role in the 1991 film My Own Private Idaho. He then moved to Los Angeles to pursue a career in acting. When he decided to move, \"people thought I was out of my mind,\" he said. He was offered a scholarship to study acting at New York's Juilliard School in 1993, but he turned it down to portray Warren Earp in the 1994 film Wyatt Earp. He later appeared in episodes of Murder, She Wrote and The Wonder Years. After appearing in G.I. Jane (1997), he had a breakthrough performance in the 1998 Terrence Malick-directed World War II film The Thin Red Line. He played Black John, a Missouri bushwhacker, in Ride with the Devil (1999), an American Civil War film. Caviezel was originally cast to play Scott Summers / Cyclops in X-Men (2000), but dropped out because of a scheduling conflict with the film Frequency (2000). He starred in the mainstream films Pay It Forward (2000), Angel Eyes (2001), The Count of Monte Cristo (2002), and Bobby Jones: Stroke of Genius (2004). In 2000, he played the lead role in Madison, a film about hydroplane racing in Madison, Indiana. The film was completed in 2001, but did not appear in theaters until a limited release in 2005. In 2002, he played a pivotal role in the film I Am David. Caviezel portrayed Jesus Christ in Mel Gibson's 2004 The Passion of the Christ. During filming, he was struck by lightning, scourged by accident, dislocated his shoulder, and suffered from pneumonia and hypothermia. Prior to filming, Gibson reportedly warned Caviezel that playing Jesus in his controversial film could hurt his career. In 2011, he stated that good roles had been hard to come by since, but this movie, in particular, the role of Jesus Christ was a once-in-a-lifetime experience. The Passion of the Christ went on to take in a box", "title": "Jim Caviezel" }, { "docid": "17256", "text": "Richard Kim Milford (February 7, 1951 – June 16, 1988), known professionally as Kim Milford, was an American actor, singer-songwriter, and composer. He was known for his stage acting in musicals such as The Rocky Horror Show and Jesus Christ Superstar. Early years Born in Glen Ridge, New Jersey, Milford grew up in Winnetka, Illinois. His older sister, Penelope, also became an actress. Milford attended New Trier High School. Career Acting Milford first appeared at the stock theatre in Chicago at age 10. In 1971, he appeared at The Kennedy Center in Leonard Bernstein’s Mass. Age 17, he was in the original stage version of Hair on Broadway, playing Woof and Claude. In 1976, he was awarded the Faith and Freedom Award by the Religious Heritage of America for his portrayal of the Prodigal Son in Round Trip. Milford later performed in the first concert tour of Jesus Christ Superstar playing Jesus and Judas. He also appeared in the original American production of The Rocky Horror Show as Rocky with the Los Angeles Roxy Cast and in the Broadway production. He reprised his role in the 1980 North American Tour production. He also appeared in the plays Henry Sweet Henry (1967), Your Own Thing, Rockabye Hamlet (1975–76), More Than You Deserve, Sunset, and All Bets Off. In addition to stage work, Milford appeared in the 1975 television movies Song of the Succubus and Rock-a-Die-Baby (also known as Night of the Full Moon) in which he performed music with his band Moon. During the 1970s and 1980s, he had guest roles on The Mod Squad and Mannix and The Highwayman, and starred in the 1978 feature film Laserblast and appeared in Corvette Summer. He also had a recurring role as Tommy on the soap opera The Secret Storm. Music Milford briefly became vocalist for Beck, Bogert & Appice, billed as The Jeff Beck Group, for six performances between July 24 to August 8, 1972. He was also the front man for his own band Moon who were co-writers on songs such as \"Lovin' Lady\", \"Jo Anna\" and \"She's Puttin' Me Through Changes\". According to an interview in Viva, Milford recorded an album Chain Your Lovers to the Bedposts and a single \"Help Is on the Way, Rozea\" released in 1974. He recorded the single \"Muddy River Water\" for (Decca Records), the Sunset soundtrack and appeared on the Roxy cast album of Rocky Horror Show. Milford composed the music for Salome, based on the Oscar Wilde play and starred in it at Mark Taper Forum in Los Angeles in 1979. He wrote and performed \"My Love Is a Rebel\" on the soundtrack of Limbo, starring Barry Bostwick. His song \"Justice\" appeared on the Ciao! Manhattan soundtrack. Death Milford was born with several congenital heart defects that required surgery throughout his life. On June 16, 1988, he died of complications following open heart surgery several weeks earlier. He was age 37. Discography Albums Chain Your Lovers to the Bedposts Rocky Horror Show Rocky", "title": "Kim Milford" }, { "docid": "21121442", "text": "Catch My Soul, also known as Santa Fe Satan, is a 1974 film produced by Jack Good and Richard M. Rosenbloom, and directed by Patrick McGoohan. It was an adaptation of Good's stage musical of the same title, which itself was loosely adapted from William Shakespeare's Othello. It was not a critical success. Plot Cast Production Shakespeare's tragedy of revenge and racism had been retitled Catch My Soul for the London stage and relocated from Venice to Piccadilly; for the film, the location of the drama was moved to the New Mexico desert; filming took place in Española and Santa Fe. The title comes from act 3, scene 3 of Shakespeare's play, in which Othello declares his love for Desdemona, \"Perdition catch my soul / But I do love thee! And when I love thee not, / Chaos is come again.\" Although much of the plot remains intact, Othello, the \"noble Moor\" becomes the pacifist leader of a hippie commune, Iago appears to be the Devil incarnate who \"fits all the negative stereotypes of dropouts with his scruffy beard and unwashed look\" and Desdemona becomes a \"white round-faced girl with granny glasses\". Patrick McGoohan had earlier starred in the successful 1962 modernisation of the Othello story, All Night Long, which had been moved to 1960s London and fuelled by jazz music. AllMovie's reviewer points out that \"perhaps he thought lightning would strike twice in moving it to a gospel show in the Southwest. He was terribly wrong.\" Catch My Soul would be the only film to be directed by McGoohan, although he later directed some episodes of Columbo. In an interview with Première magazine in 1995, McGoohan gave some insight into why the film had failed: Of the cast, Richie Havens was well known from his appearance at Woodstock Festival, but this was his first acting role; Lance LeGault had some experience, but not playing major roles; likewise Season Hubley and Susan Tyrrell. Tony Joe White was already fairly well known as a musician. Allmovie's Craig Butler was moved to comment \"Laughable also describes every dramatic performance, as do horrible and unbelievable.\" Reception The film appeared at the same time as Jesus Christ Superstar. It failed as an arthouse film, was retitled Santa Fe Satan, and reissued as a drive-in exploitation film. Critical reviews of Catch My Soul were generally negative, Time Out'''s reviewer describing it as Leslie Halliwell was equally scathing, his description being AllMovie's Craig Butler was able to say that \"some of the musical performances, especially from Richie Havens and Tony Joe White are quite good, and much of the music is worth hearing ... removed from the movie.\" Nevertheless, his overall assessment is \"a train wreck of a movie that inspires awe and that makes one appreciate a time when awful movies could be so bad in such an interesting way.\" Soundtrack A soundtrack album was issued by Metromedia to tie-in with the film. Vincent Canby for The New York Times'', in line with others, commented", "title": "Catch My Soul" }, { "docid": "66366557", "text": "Paul Alexander Nolan is a Canadian actor with extensive experience in both Canada and the United States, notably at Ontario's Stratford Festival and on Broadway. Among his Broadway appearances are Once, Jesus Christ Superstar, Escape to Margaritaville, Slave Play, Chicago and Parade. He was nominated for a Drama Desk Award for his performance in the musical Bright Star. Since February 2024, he has been starring in the new musical, Water for Elephants. In 2022, he starred in the world premiere of the musical Knoxville. Early life Nolan grew up in Rouleau, Saskatchewan, a small rural community on the Canadian prairies. His love of music was developed by listening to folk, opera, show tunes, and classical music as a child. He then attended the Randolph College for the Performing Arts. Following college, he took a gig with Disney Cruise Line, performing abbreviated versions of animated movies like “Hercules.\" From 2007 to 2013, he appeared in successive seasons at the Stratford Festival, with small roles quickly leading to starring roles in West Side Story (Tony, 2009), As You Like It (Orlando, 2010), and Jesus Christ Superstar (Christ 2011). This latter role marked his Broadway debut when the Stratford production toured to Broadway in 2012. Personal life He is a hockey fan, with his favorite team being the Toronto Maple Leafs. Nolan is married to actress Keely Hutton. Stage credits Filmography References 20th-century Canadian male actors 21st-century Canadian male actors Canadian male film actors Canadian male stage actors Canadian male television actors Living people Male actors from Saskatchewan People from Rouleau, Saskatchewan Year of birth missing (living people)", "title": "Paul Alexander Nolan" }, { "docid": "34589888", "text": "Jesus Christ Superstar (1996 London Cast) is a soundtrack album released in 1996. Jesus Christ Superstar is a rock opera created by Tim Rice and Andrew Lloyd Webber in 1970. This is the 1996 revival version supervised by Lloyd Webber himself. This album features Steve Balsamo (as Jesus), Zubin Varla (as Judas) and Joanna Ampil (as Mary Magdalene). Rocker Alice Cooper was brought in to sing King Herod's Song, which differs from the actual 1996 cast. Singers Steve Balsamo - Jesus Zubin Varla - Judas Joanna Ampil - Mary Magdalene David Burt - Pilate Pete Gallagher - Caiaphas Martin Callaghan - Annas Glenn Carter - Simon Alice Cooper - King Herod Jonathan Hart - Peter See also Jesus Christ Superstar References 1996 albums Cast recordings Theatre soundtracks Jesus Christ Superstar", "title": "Jesus Christ Superstar (1996 London Cast)" } ]	[ "1973" ]
train_7061	what is the name of the matchmaker in fiddler	[ { "docid": "43214018", "text": "\"Matchmaker, Matchmaker\" is a song from the 1964 musical Fiddler on the Roof, with music by Jerry Bock and lyrics by Sheldon Harnick. It was later made into a film in 1971. The story revolves around a poor Jewish milkman, Tevye, and his five daughters, as he attempts to maintain his Jewish traditions. His three eldest daughters marry, but each daughter's choice of husband moves further and further away from their traditions. Production BlueGobo explains \"The sisters (including Bette Midler) sang \"Matchmaker, Matchmaker\" on the 1968 Tonys as part of a tribute to past Best Musical winners that were still running at the time.\" Synopsis Tevye and Golde's daughters sing about a matchmaker choosing a partner for them. Hodel and Chava sing excitedly about their future marriages, arranged by the matchmaker, Yente. However, Tzeitel, the eldest daughter, warns the others that, as they are from a poor family, they'll have to marry whoever Yente brings for them, regardless if it's an unhappy marriage. Towards the end of the song, the sisters quickly realise that they might rather remain on their own than marry just anybody. Analysis The blog Sermons From Seattle explains \"The story [of Fiddler] is that the matchmaker is to meet with the mother and father and match their three daughters to prospective husbands. But the girls want to choose their own partners and not use the matchmaker. Traditions are changing. Those old traditions are beginning to crumble\". This song epitomises the more traditional views regarding this issue that the daughters question at the very beginning. As time passes, they begin to think for themselves and change the tradition. Critical reception Allmusic said the song was one of the \"famous and now-standard songs\" from the film. The Washington Times said it was the \"big number\" for \"Tevye's forward-thinking daughters\". The Washington Post describes the song as \"eager\". Broadwayworld wrote it is a \"good comic scene\". ChronicleLive's critic posited that \"Matchmaker, Matchmaker, sung by the three rebellious older daughters, is just one of the fabulous musical numbers in this show\". Star Tribune described it as \"wistful\". MostMetro said the song was \"fun, graceful [and] typifies their close-knit sisterhood\". References 1964 songs Songs from Fiddler on the Roof Songs written by Sheldon Harnick Songs written by Jerry Bock", "title": "Matchmaker, Matchmaker" }, { "docid": "1191929", "text": "Yenta or Yente () is a Yiddish woman's given name. It is a variant form of the name Yentl (), which ultimately is thought to be derived from the Italian word gentile, meaning 'noble' or 'refined'. The name has entered American English only in the form yenta in the senses of \"meddler, busybody, blabbermouth, gossip\" and is not only used to refer to women. Both the forms yenta and yente are used in Yinglish (Jewish varieties of English) to refer to a woman who is a gossip or a busybody. The use of yenta as a word for 'busybody' originated in the age of Yiddish theatre. During and after World War I, Yiddish-language discs recorded in New York by theatre actors such as Clara Gold and Gus Goldstein portrayed the characters Mendel and Yente Telebende and sold so well that dozens of copycat recordings were made. The popularity continued in the 1920s and 1930s as the humorist Jacob Adler, writing under the pen name B. Kovner for The Jewish Daily Forward, wrote a series of comic sketches featuring the characters, with Yente as a 'henpecking wife'. The popularity of the character led to the name developing its colloquial sense of 'a gossip'. There is a mistaken belief that the word for a Jewish matchmaker is yenta or yente. In reality a Jewish matchmaker is called a shadchan (שדכן). The origin of this error is the 1964 musical Fiddler on the Roof, in which a character named Yente serves as the matchmaker for the village of Anatevka. Other usages The name has also been used for: The Linux CardBus controller, which brings together Cardbus cards with the rest of the computer The name of a highly available key-value store for Perl. See also Yentl (disambiguation) Yente Serdatzky, Jewish-American Yiddish-language writer. References Yiddish words and phrases Yiddish feminine given names Judaism and women", "title": "Yenta" }, { "docid": "1667240", "text": "Molly Picon (; born Malka Opiekun; February 28, 1898 – April 5, 1992) was an American actress of stage, screen, radio and television, as well as a lyricist and dramatic storyteller. She began her career in Yiddish theatre and film, rising to a star, before transitioning into character roles in English-language productions. Early life Picon was born Malka Opiekun (Anglicized first to Pyekoon, later Picon). The family began living in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, when she was three years old. Career Picon became a star of the Yiddish Theatre District, performing in plays in the District for seven years. Picon was so popular in the 1920s, many shows had her adopted name, Molly, in their title. In 1931, she opened the Molly Picon Theatre. Picon appeared in many films, beginning with silent movies. Her early films were made in Europe; among the first, and earliest to survive, was the Yiddish language East and West, a film adaptation of the 1921 play Mezrach und Maarev produced in Vienna in 1923. The film depicts a clash of New and Old World Jewish cultures. She plays a US-born daughter who travels with her father back to Galicia in East Central Europe. In 1934, Picon had a musical comedy radio show, The Molly Picon Program, broadcast on WMCA in New York City. In 1938, she starred another radio program on WMCA, I Give You My Life. That program \"combined music and dramatic episodes that purported to be the story of her life.\" Two years later, she starred in Molly Picon's Parade, a variety show on WMCA. Picon made her English language debut on stage in 1940. On Broadway, she starred in the Jerry Herman musical Milk and Honey in 1961. In 1966, she dropped out of the disastrous Chu Chem during previews in Philadelphia; the show closed before it reached Broadway. Picon had a bit part in the 1948 film The Naked City as the woman running a news-stand and soda fountain towards the climax of the film. Her first major Anglophonic role in the movies was in the film version of Come Blow Your Horn (1963), with Frank Sinatra. One of her best-known film roles was as Yente the Matchmaker in the 1971 film adaptation of the Broadway hit Fiddler on the Roof. Picon appeared as Molly Gordon in an episode of CBS's Gomer Pyle, USMC and had a recurring role as Mrs. Bronson in the NBC police comedy Car 54, Where Are You?. In the comedy For Pete's Sake (1974), she appeared as an elderly madam (\"Mrs. Cherry\") who arranges a disastrous stint for Barbra Streisand on a job as a call girl. She later had television roles on the soap opera Somerset and appeared in a few episodes of The Facts of Life as Natalie's grandmother. Picon's final role was as Roger Moore's mother in the comedies Cannonball Run and its sequel Cannonball Run II in 1981 and 1984, respectively. Books Picon wrote So Laugh a Little (1962), a biography about her family.", "title": "Molly Picon" } ]	[ { "docid": "64563577", "text": "Indian Matchmaking is a 2020 Indian reality television series produced by Smriti Mundhra that premiered on Netflix on 16 July 2020. In August 2021, Netflix renewed the series for a second season. In March 2022, Netflix renewed the series for a third season, which premiered in April 2023. Cast Sima Taparia, a marriage consultant from Mumbai who uses preferences from the people, their parents, and her years of matchmaking experience. She previously appeared on Mundhra's A Suitable Girl. Supporting cast Shekar Jayaraman, a 34-year old Chicago attorney and entrepreneur. Jay Wadhwani, a 35-year old entrepreneur and product manager from Atlanta. Rashi Gupta, a 27-year old small & exotic animal veterinarian from Los Angeles. Release Indian Matchmaking first aired on 16 July 2020, on Netflix. Episodes Season 1 (2020) Season 2 (2022) Season 3 (2023) Production Development Series director Smriti Mundhra pitched the idea of the show to a TV producer in 2009/2010, but the show was rejected for \"essentially not being white enough.\" She pitched the show to Netflix by showing Taparia, who \"were super excited about it.\" She had met Taparia three years before Indian Matchmaking premiered on Netflix, when she documented the lives of other three women going through the Indian marriage process in the 2017 documentary, A Suitable Girl. Taparia's daughter was one of the young women featured. Casting Mundhra named the casting the biggest hurdle of the show, going through a client list of 500 families and calling to see if they were willing to be on camera. Mundhra also noted that the series initially started with about a dozen singles but some of those \"fell off\" during production. Critical reception The show received mixed reviews between critics and social media users. Inkoo Kang of The Hollywood Reporter called the show \"insightful, humorous and heartwarming,\" praising how it showcases the preoccupation with height and caste, as well as Taparia's matchmaking tactics. Kristen Baldwin of Entertainment Weekly gave the show a B+, stating that the show as presented in a \"glossy, cosmopolitan drama, without a hint of 'look at these crazy foreigners and their kooky customs!' condescension.\" Joel Keller of Decider called people to stream it, saying that it \"brings thousands of years of tradition into the mix, and there’s a much better chance that the matches that are made at the end of the season will last.\" Archi Sengupta of Techquila rated the show 4 stars out of 5, calling it \"sweet and entertaining.\" Reinforcing religion and caste segregation Though the show is called Indian Matchmaking, it portrays no couples who identify as Muslim, Christian, or Dalit— communities that represent close to 40 percent of India's population. The show has also been criticised for normalizing caste based discrimination such as when matchmaker Taparia declares \"In India, we have to see the caste, we have to see the height...\" which Yashica Dutt of The Atlantic describes as \"lump[ing] an entire social system, which assigns people to a fixed place in a hierarchy from birth, together with anodyne", "title": "Indian Matchmaking" }, { "docid": "64411007", "text": "Oh Manapenne! ( ) is a 2021 Indian Tamil-language romantic comedy film directed by Kaarthikk Sundar in his directorial debut and written by Deepak Sundarrajan. A remake of the Telugu film Pelli Choopulu (2016), it stars Priya Bhavani Shankar and Harish Kalyan as a girl and boy who meet during a matchmaking event. How their aspirations bring them together forms the rest of the story. The rights to remake Pelli Choopulu in Tamil were initially acquired by Gautham Vasudev Menon in 2016, and the film titled Pon Ondru Kandein () was to be directed by Senthil Veerasamy, with Vishnu Vishal and Tamannaah Bhatia starring. The project faced delays and was ultimately shelved due to budgetary constraints; by November 2019, it had undergone a complete change in cast and crew. The new film, Oh Manapenne!, began principal photography in December 2019 and wrapped in February 2020. It was released on 22 October 2021 via Disney+ Hotstar. Plot Karthik, lethargic by nature, completes his B.E. by clearing his subjects after almost five years. His dream is to become a chef and open a restaurant, but he receives no support from his father. Shruthi is a very focused girl who works hard to fulfill her dreams of going to Australia. However, her father shows no interest, as she is a girl and he wanted a boy instead. When Karthik and Shruthi meet at a matchmaking event, her younger cousin, Barath, accidentally locks the door, which jams very often, and they get stuck eventually. To pass the time, they talk about their past. Shruthi reveals that she was in love with a man named Arjun. They both wanted to start a food truck business. Arjun went to Bangalore to talk with his father about their love and business. Meanwhile, Shruthi started her plan eagerly and was ready to surprise Arjun by buying the truck. But things went wrong and Arjun did not come back, because he became engaged. Shruthi and her father waited for him but when they realised Arjun was not coming back, her father decided to get her married to someone else. On his turn, Karthik reveals that he was unemployed and always went out with his two friends, Sathya and Faizal. So Karthik and his friends made cooking videos, as he is passionate about cooking. But it was not profitable enough, so they took to prank videos and were caught by Karthik's father, which ended their plan. It is then revealed, after the door is fixed, that Karthik came to the wrong address for his matchmaking event. Later, Karthik goes to his actual matchmaking event, which is with a rich family. Meanwhile, Shruthi tells the man coming to her matchmaking event that she is not interested in the marriage. The family of Karthik's prospective bride wants him to be able to run a business, so he and Shruthi decide to operate the food truck themselves, with Karthik as the chef, and Shruthi in charge of the business side of things. At", "title": "Oh Manapenne!" }, { "docid": "65858190", "text": "Dolly Gallagher Levi is a fictional character and the protagonist of the 1938 play The Merchant of Yonkers and its multiple adaptations, the most notable being the 1964 musical Hello Dolly! Levi's main profession is matchmaking in Yonkers, New York. She also begins a romantic involvement with businessman, Horace Vandergelder, when she sends his niece on a date with a local town boy. Character description Plays Dolly Levi is a \"widow in her middle years who has decided to begin her life again. She is a matchmaker, meddler, opportunist, and a life-loving woman.\" She is from Yonkers, New York and was married to Ephram Levi, who dies before the events of the story. She is loud, brassy, and constantly meddling in others' lives. These qualities make her beloved by her hometown. During one of her matchmaking jobs, she meets half-a-millionaire, Horace Vandergelder, who owns a store in downtown Yonkers. During the story, she attempts to make him fall in love with her, though her attempts are mostly unsuccessful. She also constantly quotes her late husband's favorite saying: Money is like manure. It's no good unless you spread it around. Stage musical During the first act of the musical, Dolly is still quite attached to her late husband, Ephram. However, during the act finale, \"Before the Parade Passes By,\" she decides to move on with her life and chase after Horace's affections. In the titular song, Dolly claims to the waiters of the Harmonia Gardens restaurant that she will never leave New York again. Musical film adaptation While many portrayals of Levi in the musical are comedic and loving, Barbra Streisand's concept of the character is more harsh to those around her, especially Horace (who is played by Walter Matthau). This feeling can be seen especially in the penultimate song, \"So Long Dearie.\" Notable portrayals Jane Cowl in the original Broadway cast of The Merchant of Yonkers Ruth Gordon in the original Broadway cast of The Matchmaker Shirley Booth in the 1958 film adaptation of the same name Hello Dolly! Carol Channing in the original, third, and fourth broadway casts, first West End revival, and second national touring cast Thelma Carpenter, Phyllis Diller, Betty Grable, Ethel Merman, Bibi Osterwald, Martha Raye and Ginger Rogers as replacements in the original broadway cast Mary Martin in the original West End and first international touring cast Barbra Streisand in the 1969 film of the same name Pearl Bailey in the first Broadway revival and as a replacement in the original broadway cast Danny La Rue in the second West End revival Samantha Spiro in the third West End revival Sally Struthers in the 50th anniversary tour Bette Midler in the fourth Broadway revival Bernadette Peters and Donna Murphy as replacements in the fourth Broadway revival Betty Buckley in the first national touring cast Carolee Carmello as a replacement for the first national touring cast Imelda Staunton in an upcoming fourth West End revival Notes Additions Clips from the 1969 musical film were featured in", "title": "Dolly Gallagher Levi" }, { "docid": "15710762", "text": "The Millionaire Matchmaker is an American reality television series on Bravo that premiered on January 22, 2008, and is hosted by Patti Stanger. The Millionaire Matchmaker follows Patti Stanger, owner of the Beverly Hills-based \"Millionaire's Club\" dating service, as she matches single wealthy people with closely compatible dates. The seventh season premiered on December 5, 2013, with an all-new panel of matchmakers. In July 2015, Stanger announced that she had left the network after eight seasons and 90 episodes. It was later announced that she will be producing another show on WE tv. The new series, entitled Million Dollar Matchmaker, premiered on July 8, 2016. Millionaire followed the \"pioneering\" matchmaking show Confessions of a Matchmaker. Cast Patti Stanger (seasons 1–8), CEO of Millionaire's Club, former assistant to pioneering matchmaker, Janis Spindel Destin Pfaff (seasons 1–6), Executive assistant in the first season; promoted to chief operating officer in the second season Rachel Federoff (seasons 1–6), Office assistant in the seasons one to three; promoted to vice president of matching in the fourth season Chelsea Autumn (seasons 1–3), Vice president of matching Alison Standish (season 1), Club representative in sales Andreea Simmel (season 4), Intern Mara (seasons 5–6), Recruiter Justin Bird (season 7), Matchmaker Marisa Saks (season 7), Matchmaker David Cruz (seasons 7–8), Matchmaker Candace Smith (season 8) Timeline Episodes Series overview Season 1 (2008) Season 2 (2009) Season 3 (2010) Season 4 (2010-11) Season 5 (2011) Season 6 (2013) Season 7 (2013–14) Season 8 (2014–15) References External links Millionaire Matchmaker 2000s American reality television series 2008 American television series debuts 2015 American television series endings 2010s American reality television series American dating and relationship reality television series Bravo (American TV network) original programming American English-language television shows Wealth in the United States Television series by Universal Television", "title": "The Millionaire Matchmaker" }, { "docid": "48061964", "text": "Fidler's Ferry & Penketh railway station was on what is now the southwestern edge of Warrington, England. It was located at a point where the St Helens and Runcorn Gap Railway, the Sankey Canal and the River Mersey come side by side and where a ferry at one time plied across the river. In modern times the station site is at the southern, canal end of Station Road, Penketh. The station was built and operated by the St Helens and Runcorn Gap Railway, which was absorbed into the London and North Western Railway from 1 August 1864. The line and station duly passed to the LMS at grouping and to London Midland Region of British Railways at nationalisation in 1948. Sources spell the station variously as \"Fidlers...\", \"Fidler's...\" \"Fiddler's...\" and \"Fiddlers...\", sometimes in successive paragraphs. The conjunction used between the words varies between \"and\" and \"&\" and \"and Penketh\" sometimes gains and loses brackets. Nearby signalbox names add to the mix. The 1922 timetable uses \"Fidler's Ferry and Penketh\". where it shows twelve \"Up\" (towards Manchester) trains calling on \"Weekdays\" (Mondays to Saturdays.) Ten called at almost all stations between Liverpool Lime St and Manchester London Rd, as it then was, a journey of over 2 hours for the 37 miles via Warrington Bank Quay Low Level. Of the other two, one terminated at Warrington and the other at Altrincham. \"Down\" services were similar. No trains called at the station on Sundays. The station was closed to passengers on 2 January 1950 and closed completely on 2 December 1963. The station was demolished step by step over the following years. By 2013 only the base for the crane in the former goods yard and the station master's house survived, the latter as a private residence. The line through the station continued in normal passenger use until 10 September 1962 when the Liverpool Lime St to Warrington via Widnes South service was withdrawn, though a lone late-night Liverpool to York Postal continued to use the route until 9 September 1963, when it was diverted via Earlestown to reduce operating costs. Warrington Bank Quay Low Level remained open until 14 June 1965 but it is unclear what traffic this served along the route after the Postal was diverted. In 2015 the tracks through the station site remained heavily used, primarily by trains to and from Fiddlers Ferry Power Station, though a few other booked freights and occasional diversions used the line through to Ditton Junction. References Sources External links The station via 8D Association The line via railwaycodes The station via Disused Stations UK The station on a 1948 OS Map via npe maps Disused railway stations in Warrington Former London and North Western Railway stations Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1853 Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1950", "title": "Fidlers Ferry & Penketh railway station" }, { "docid": "35272619", "text": "The Azerbaijani wedding tradition () is one of the most significant and solemn family traditions of Azerbaijani people. It is multi-stepped, and is related to various compulsory rituals and traditions. Ancient Azerbaijani weddings reflect cycles of traditions, lasting for a long period of time, and need significant material costs. Structure of the ceremony A formal wedding procedure begins with acceptance of consent of the bride's parents (“söz kəsmək”) and continues after an independent decision about the marriage is made. Qiz Görmə (presentation of a marriageable girl) Such traditions as qız görmə (presentation of a marriageable girl) and qız bəyənmə (approval of the choice) are the first conditions of the wedding. Nearest relatives of the groom, who are gathered together to marry him, begin gathering information about the bride, her parents, and the family where she lives. Elçilik (Matchmaking) The day for sending matchmakers to the bride's house is fixed when the groom's choice is approved. More respected, elder relatives of the groom take part in the “main” matchmaking ceremony. Being refused is considered a blow to the prestige of the matchmakers. Generally, elder relatives of the groom or his elder sister are sent to the bride's house to obtain acceptance of preliminary consent. Earlier, the tradition required repeated “refusals” for a variety of reasons, but later this was considerably simplified. This simplification could be attributed to the belief that a future companion in life should be equal in rights and that youngsters have a right to make this private choice. In fixing the day of matchmaking everybody tries to choose the successful day, which should be a day when all dreams come true. According to an ancient belief, evil spirits bordered the matchmakers’ path on the way to the bride's house, attempted to restrict the commitment, and wanted the matchmaker to receive a refusal and have to return without consent. To counteract this, people attached a pin to doors and walls of the house, which they approach. Evil spirits, frightened from the pin made of iron, did not have enough courage to leave the home and accompany the matchmaker going to the bride's house. Matchmaking is an indispensable tradition even when the couple agrees to the match. Başlığ (Payment) Azerbaijan honored the tradition of payment of “Başlığ”. Başlığ is payment for the bride made by the groom's side to the bride's parents, specifically, to her father or another person who offers the bride for marriage. Payment was made in cash, cattle, or other material wealth before the wedding. It was banned during the Soviet era. Nişan (Engagement) or Adax (Betrothal) Matchmaking follows engagement traditions. After the father decides to give his daughter for marriage, the groom entertains his new relatives with tea and sweeties in the bride's house. In 1908, the engagement process of Shahsevens, an ethnic group of Azerbaijanis, was described as follows: The period after the engagement and before the wedding is the main period in the life of a young couple. Earlier the length of this stage", "title": "Azerbaijani wedding traditions" }, { "docid": "186880", "text": "Matchmaking is the process of matching two or more people together, usually for the purpose of marriage, in which case the matchmaker is also known as a marriage broker. The word is also used in the context of sporting events such as boxing, in business, in online video games and in pairing organ donors. Practice These services often rely on personality tests (but genetics has even been proposed), aiming to maximize the identification of the best match. In some cultures, the role of the matchmaker was and is quite professionalised. The Ashkenazi Jewish shadchan, or the Hindu astrologer, were often thought to be essential advisors and also helped in finding right spouses as they had links and a relation of good faith with the families. In cultures where arranged marriages were the rule, the astrologer often claimed that the stars sanctified matches that both parents approved of, making it quite difficult for the possibly-hesitant children to easily object – and also making it easy for the astrologer to collect his fee. Tarot divination has also been employed by some matchmakers. Social dance, especially in frontier North America, the contra dance and square dance, has also been employed in matchmaking, usually informally. However, when farming families were widely separated and kept all children on the farm working, marriage-age children could often only meet in church or in such mandated social events. Matchmakers, acting as formal chaperones or as self-employed \"busybodies\" serving less clear social purposes, would attend such events and advise families of any burgeoning romances before they went too far. The influence of such people in a culture that did not arrange marriages, and in which economic relationships (e.g. \"being able to support a family\", \"good prospects\") played a larger role in determining if a (male) suitor was acceptable, is difficult to determine. It may be fair to say only that they were able to speed up, or slow down, relationships that were already forming. In this sense they were probably not distinguishable from relatives, rivals, or others with an interest. Clergy probably played a key role in most Western cultures, as they continue to do in modern ones, especially where they are the most trusted mediators in the society. Matchmaking was certainly one of the peripheral functions of the village priest in Medieval Catholic society, as well as a duty of rabbis in traditional Jewish communities. Today, the shidduch is a system of matchmaking in which Jewish singles are introduced to one another in Orthodox Jewish communities. In recent years there has been a resurgence of interest in traditional matchmaking. Dissatisfaction with dating apps, television shows like Million Dollar Matchmaker and Indian Matchmaking, and a pandemic that made it harder for singles to meet organically created increased interest the role of the professional matchmaker. Those who find dating systems or services useful but prefer human intelligence and personal touches can choose from a wide range of such services now available. In Asia In Singapore, the Social Development Unit (SDU),", "title": "Matchmaking" }, { "docid": "38363959", "text": "\"Town of Tuxley Toymaker, Part One\" is a song written by Barry, Robin and Maurice Gibb in Australia in 1966. It was recorded by Jon Blanchfield in 1966, Billy J. Kramer in 1967 and Shane (New Zealand) in 1968. It was recorded first by Jon Blanchfield. His version was only released in Australia as a B-side of the A-side single \"Upstairs, Downstairs\", a song also written by Barry, Robin and Maurice. The song was recorded in November or December 1966 at St. Clair Studio, Hurstville in Australia. Blanchfield also adds that Barry wrote \"Coalman\" around the same time. The melody was inspired by \"Matchmaker\" from Fiddler on the Roof. It was released as a single in February 1967, when the Bee Gees were in England, and they recorded another version of the song with Billy J. Kramer. The Gibb brothers also participated on this song. The Blanchfield version was included on the various artists compilation called Assault The Vaults: Rare Australian Cover Versions Of The Brothers Gibb. Billy J. Kramer version Kramer's version was recorded on 4 March 1967, the Gibb brothers with Colin Petersen. It was also the Bee Gees' first recording session, after they returned in England, the song was recorded at IBC Studios. and Kramer recalled: Shane version New Zealand singer Shane Hales, using his stage name Shane, released a version on the Zodiac label in 1968. Personnel The musicians played on the Jon Blanchfield recording were: Jon Blanchfield — lead vocals Barry Gibb — guitar, background vocals Robin Gibb — background vocals Maurice Gibb — bass, piano, guitar (12-string) Uncredited — drums, horns Ossie Byrne — engineer Nat Kipner — producer The musicians played on the Billy J. Kramer recording were: Billy J. Kramer — lead vocals Barry Gibb — background vocals Robin Gibb — background vocals Maurice Gibb — background vocals Colin Petersen — drums Bill Shepherd — orchestral arrangement References 1967 songs Songs written by Barry Gibb Songs written by Robin Gibb Songs written by Maurice Gibb Song recordings produced by Robert Stigwood 1967 singles Reaction Records singles", "title": "Town of Tuxley Toymaker, Part 1" }, { "docid": "574874", "text": "Mangrove crabs are crabs that live in and around mangroves. They belong to many different species and families and have been shown to be ecologically significant by burying and consuming leaf litter. Mangrove crabs have a variety of phylogenies because mangrove crab is an umbrella term that encompasses many species of crabs. Two of the most common families are sesarmid and fiddler crabs. They are omnivorous and are predated on by a variety of mammals and fish. They are distributed widely throughout the globe on coasts where mangroves are located. Mangrove crabs have wide variety of ecological and biogeochemical impacts due to the biofilms that live in symbiosis with them as well as their burrowing habits. Like many other crustaceans, they are also a human food source and have been impacted by humans as well as climate change. Species and distribution Current estimates place the number of mangrove crab species at 481 in 6 different families, with new species being discovered frequently. Mangrove crabs primarily live in the Indo-West Pacific region in mudflats along tropical coasts. The largest habitats for mangrove crabs are in Southeast Asia, South America, and Northern Australia. As their name suggests, they are primarily found among mangrove tree forests and form symbiotic relationships with the trees, restricting their habitat to where the trees can grow. Phylogeny A variety of different species are what makeup the umbrella term of mangrove crabs. The two main crabs that typically dominate mangrove ecosystems are the sesarmid (Grapsidae) and fiddler crabs (Ocypodidae). The main difference between the two crab groups is their foraging habits. Litter ingested by sesarmid crabs forms fragmented organic material that helps stimulate microbial respiration, in contrast fiddler crabs remove reactive organic carbon. Mangrove crabs are a part of the Animalia kingdom and are put into the Arthropoda phylum, Malacostraca class, and Decapoda order. Mangrove crabs can be classified into six different families: Camptandriidae, Dotillidae, Macrophthalmidae, Ocypodidae, Sesarmidae, and Oziidae. Types of mangrove crabs Sesarmid crabs Fiddler crabs Aratus pisonii, Americas Haberma, genus of small mangrove crabs, Indo-Pacific, including: Haberma tingkok, Hong Kong Metopograpsus messor, Indo-Pacific Metopograpsus thukuhar, Indo-Pacific Neosarmatium meinerti, Indo-Pacific Neosarmatium smithi, Indo-Pacific Parasesarma leptosoma, western Indian Ocean Perisesarma, genus with 23 species, primarily Indo-Pacific, with two West African species, including: Perisesarma bidens, Indo-Pacific Perisesarma guttatum, western Indian Ocean Scylla serrata, Indo-Pacific Scylla tranquebarica, Indo-Pacific Sesarma, genus with close to 20 species, many of which live in mangroves, Americas, Indo-Pacific Ucides cordatus, western Atlantic Ocean Ecology and biogeochemistry Diet and predators When young, mangrove crabs get most of their nutrients from polychaete worms and a multitude of microorganisms found living in the sediments and leaves of their environment. As they grow older mangrove crabs are generally detritivores with their diet consisting of already dead organic material. Mangrove crabs consume a large amount of plant material but are primarily omnivorous. In the mangrove swamp this includes dead leaves and corpses of other crustaceans, even that of their own species. In some cases, mangrove crabs may also eat", "title": "Mangrove crab" }, { "docid": "3090636", "text": "The Fiddler is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, primarily as an enemy of the first Flash. Two female incarnations of the Fiddler appear in The Flash, portrayed by Miranda MacDougall and Magda Apanowicz. Additionally, three different incarnations of Fiddler appeared in the first two seasons of Stargirl, portrayed by Timmy Sherrill, Hina Khan, and Max Frantz. Publication history Fiddler first appeared in All-Flash #32 (December 1947/January 1948) and was created by Robert Kanigher and Lee Elias. Earlier, a character with the same name, though only superficially similar, appeared in multiple Action Comics episodes of the Vigilante (starting with Action Comics #59, April 1943 cover date). Fictional character biography The Fiddler's history was changed somewhat during the Crisis on Infinite Earths. Pre-Crisis The Fiddler started out as a thief who was arrested in India and sent to jail. While in prison, he met a fakir, charming a snake in his cell, who taught him the \"mystic art\" of Indian music. For the next five years, he learned the fakir's secret and made a crude violin made of material he could scrounge in the prison. He developed the ability to use his violin to play sounds that could either hypnotize others, shatter objects, or create barriers. After the fakir declared his student had surpassed him, he used the instrument to hypnotize the guards to open their cells and he and the fakir escaped. He then murdered the fakir and the merchant who had him arrested in the first place. Returning to America, the Fiddler, as he called himself, made his first stop at Keystone City. While the Fiddler managed to humiliate the Flash (Jay Garrick) the first time they met, Flash was able to foil his plan, which involved replacing Maestro Bowin, a violin virtuoso, who was actually the Fiddler's twin brother. The physical similarity between the brothers (who had been separated at birth) also led to Bowin briefly being suspected of the Fiddler's crimes. The Fiddler captured his brother and Flash, but they escaped and the Fiddler apparently committed suicide by diving into a river. As is the case more often than not, the Fiddler survived his plunge into the river and returned to battle the Flash again a few months later. The villain refined his appearance, shaving his dark locks and donning the powdered white wig that became his trademark for the remainder of his life. After the Flash thwarts a petty theft and arrests most of his gang, the Fiddler followed the hero at a distance but was in time to piece together a quarrel between Flash and Joan Williams. The exchange, with Joan annoyed at the time Flash's life took him away from home, inspired the Fiddler to undermine the hero. Using local criminals, the Fiddler arranged for \"common citizens\" (really members of his gang) to demonstrate that the Flash was not needed. As the Flash arrived always just in time to see the \"citizens\" route the criminals, he was advised to", "title": "Fiddler (comics)" }, { "docid": "3177577", "text": "Matchmakers is a brand of chocolate sticks currently owned and made by Nestlé. Thin, twig-like and brittle, they were first launched in 1968 by Rowntree's and were one-third of the length they are now - about the length of a match. For many years they were available in either orange, mint, lemon (from the brand's 25th anniversary) or coffee flavour (from its 10th anniversary). In 2003 Nestlé attempted to raise brand awareness by changing the names of the flavours to Cool Mint and Zingy Orange and adding Brilliant Blackcurrant and Sizzling Strawberry flavour – which counted 'black pepper flavoured sugar pieces' among its ingredients. Similarly, the packaging was altered in an attempt to appeal to 15- to 35-year-olds, and a new slogan was adopted – 'The manic munch that packs a punch'. Brandysnap, Cappuccino, Coconut, Christmas Orange Spice, Nutty, Coffee, Lemon and Irish Cream varieties have been produced – sometimes as anniversary special editions – and are not currently available. Brilliant Blackcurrant and Sizzling Strawberry have also been withdrawn. In 2008, Nestlé rebranded Matchmakers as 'Quality Street Matchmakers', Quality Street also being a Nestlé brand. They are still available in 'Zingy Orange', 'Cool Mint' and 'Yummy Honeycomb' flavours. In 2017, before Matchmakers reached its 50th anniversary, they became available in a new limited edition 'Salted Caramel' flavour, and from the 50th anniversary in October 2018 another limited edition flavour of 'Gingerbread'. September 2019 saw another limited edition flavour's appearance in a sky blue box called 'Maple & Pecan'. In 2022 the 'Salted Caramel', 'Gingerbread' and 'Maple & Pecan' flavours have all been withdrawn and 'Yummy Honeycomb' and 'Coffee' flavours have returned with the name changing due to merging 'Coffee' and 'Salted Caramel' flavours to Caramel Coffee and cutting the name to Honeycomb. References External links Nestlé brands Rowntree's brands Brand name confectionery", "title": "Matchmakers" }, { "docid": "18422651", "text": "Paul Woodrow Chrisman (born August 23, 1949), better known by his stage name Woody Paul, is an American singer, fiddler, and composer, best known for his work with the Western swing musical and comedy group Riders in the Sky. With the Riders, he is billed as \"Woody Paul — King of the Cowboy Fiddlers\". He was inducted into the National Fiddler Hall of Fame in 2012 and is \"known in the music industry for being proficient and innovative across many musical genres including western, jazz, bluegrass, old-time, and Celtic.\" He has won two Grammy Awards with his band. Biography Early life Chrisman began playing fiddle when he was 11 years old. He played with Sam McGee and others regularly at the Grand Ole Opry in the mid-sixties. He is also extremely adept at lariat tricks. He attended Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee, and has a Ph.D. in theoretical plasma physics from MIT, where he wrote his thesis, \"Inertial, Viscous, and Finite-Beta Effects in a Resistive, Time Dependent Tokamak Discharge\", Thesis Nuc. Eng. 1976, PhD, supervised by James E. McCune. He returned to Nashville and began playing recording sessions and recorded and toured with Loggins & Messina. Riders In The Sky In 1978, Chrisman approached the Riders (then consisting of just Douglas B. Green and Fred LaBour) backstage after a show and inquired about joining the group. Shortly before Chrisman approached the Riders, Williams \"Bill\" Collins had just left the group, so Green and LaBour were already looking for a replacement member, and Chrisman seemed like the perfect fit. Chrisman's first show with the Riders was at the 1978 Kentucky State Fair. As of 2024, Chrisman is still with the Riders. Songwriting Prior to joining the Riders, Chrisman had already written \"Blue Bonnet Lady\" and \"Cowboy Song\" (both of which would be featured on the Riders' first album, Three on the Trail). Chrisman also wrote \"So Long, Saddle Pals\", what many would consider the Riders' equivalent of \"Happy Trails\". Notable filmography Television Film References External links Riders in the Sky website American country fiddlers Living people 1949 births", "title": "Woody Paul" }, { "docid": "44948481", "text": "Matrimony.com Limited, whose flagship brand is BharatMatrimony, is a network of matchmaking services. More than 4000 employees work at over 20 offices across India. The company also has offices in the US, Dubai and Bangladesh. Company details BharatMatrimony operates in 15 regional languages. The company has pioneered several matrimony-related services such as Assistedmatrimony, a personalized matchmaking service for busy professionals where a trained relationship manager does the matches and facilitates meetings between prospects. Its premium service, Elite Matrimony, offers matchmaking services for the upper crust that ensures privacy and confidentiality during the process. History In 2005 BharatMatrimony launched BharatMatrimony Centres, its offline division. The company pioneered the personal assisted service in 2008 with the launch of BM Privilege. This was then renamed Privilege Matrimony in 2009. Later it became Assisted Matrimony. Trained relationship managers understand member preferences, search for matching profiles and send them to members. They then contact prospects and facilitate meetings on mutual consent of prospective families. Elite Matrimony \"Elite Matrimony\", launched in 2008, caters to wealthy individuals or their families seeking matrimonial alliances, and is a part of Matrimony.com's premium matchmaking service. The website employs staff who assist members in searching for potential partners, and its services are available only to invited members who must pay a matchmaking service fee ranging from 60,000 rupees to over 2,220,000 rupees. The site was founded in 2008 by Murugavel Janakiraman in Chennai. Developments In 2012, the company came out with Matrimony Directory, a wedding vendors classifieds portal It features over 50,000 wedding related services in over 20 cities. BharatMatrimony has mobile apps for iPhone, iPad, BlackBerry, Nokia and Android users in India. It also has an upgraded WAP site. Community Matrimony also has mobile apps. Back in the early 2000s, when there was skepticism about online matrimony and fear about paying online, the company pioneered doorstep collections in India. The company introduced features on their website like Matchboard, SoulMate Search, AstroMatch, and Express Interest to help customers make the right matches. In 2006, Bharat Matrimony earned an entry in the Limca Book of World Records for having facilitated the highest number of documented marriages online in India. In 2013, Consim Info changed name to Matrimony.com In 2021, Matrimony launched Jodii App which is a vernacular matchmaking app for lower income groups and blue-collared workers. Currently the App is available in Tamil but will soon be launched in other regional languages. In 2022, Matrimony.com started 'RainbowLuv' to cater to people from the LGBTQIA+ community who are looking for serious and meaningful relationships. The app has 45 gender identities, 122 orientation tags and 48 pronouns Awards Bharat Matrimony TV commercial rated among top 10 Ads of 2013 Ranked India's most trusted matrimony brand Best PE/ VC backed consumer internet company! Wins Red Herring 100 Global Award References Indian matrimonial websites", "title": "Matrimony.com" }, { "docid": "36441782", "text": "Paul V. Randolph, aka \"Randolph\" is an American bass player, singer, songwriter, and producer from Detroit, Michigan. His musical style ranges from jazz, funk, soul, house, rock and electronica. He is best known as the vocalist for the German collective, Jazzanova. Randolph has performed with well-known musicians, including Tony Allen, Odetta, Alice Cooper, Amp Fiddler, Hubert Laws, Josh White Jr, Mark Farner and Nigel Hall. Early life and education Randolph was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He and his family relocated to Sao Paulo, Brazil when he was six years old, where he learned to play guitar. He graduated from Central Michigan University with a degree in Marketing. Career Randolph joined the Detroit-based New Orleans-style funk and blues band, Mudpuppy as lead vocalist and bassist, along with fellow Detroit musician, Amp Fiddler. The pair later performed and recorded as a duo. During this time, Randolph also released his first solo CD, This Is...What It Is\" in 2004 on Kenny Dixon, Jr.'s Mahogani Music label. His second solo album, Lonely Eden was released in 2007, with contributions from Stephanie McKay and Waajeed. Randolph's overseas travels with Amp Fiddler lead him to meet members of the group Jazzanova. Randolph was the lead vocalist on three singles from Jazzanova's 2008 album Of All The Things on Sonar Kollektiv, which peaked at number six on the Billboard Chart's Top Contemporary Jazz category. He also sang on the 2012 Jazzanova release, Funkhaus Studio Sessions (Sonar Kollektiv). He was named 2010 Artist of the Year by Real Detroit Weekly, Randolph has releases between 2012 and 2017 that include, \"Chips 'n Chitlins\" with Zed Bias; Isoul8 - \"Stay- Stay-Stay\" and \"Waves of Love\"; DJ Kawasaki (Japan)- \"Where Would We Be\"; BoddhiSatva (Africa)- \"Soldier\"; Mikael Delta (Greece) - \"This Is The Place\"; and Opolopo (Sweden)- \"Sustain\". In 2017, a duet written and produced for jazz singer Kathy Kosins - \"Could You Be Me\", and a collaboration with South African dance music producer Ralf Gum - \"We Repeat\". In 2018, Randolph debuted the single \"Heavy\" from his third album In The Company Of Others, with remixes by British producer Ashley Beedle, and authored the song \"It's Beautiful\" for Jazzanova's The Pool album. In 2019, two of his productions as a solo instrumentalist \"Will The Party Ever End\" and \"Dancing In The Moon Light\" charted on the Smooth Jazz and Indie Soul charts. Randolph's production of \"Put The Voodoo On Me\" earned him a Grammy nomination, and his production of \"What You Do To Me\" garnered enthusiastic commercial recognition. In late 2019, Randolph was requested by Bob Ezrin to record bass and background vocals on Alice Cooper's \"Breadcrumbs\" EP. Shortly after these sessions he was hired as bassist and background singer for Mark Farner formerly of Grand Funk Railroad. His 2020 productions included two singles with jazz flutist Hubert Laws, as well as other solo releases and collaborative releases. The year 2021 yielded a call back and co-production with Bob Ezrin for the Billboard #1 Rock Album of 2021 Alice Cooper's", "title": "Paul Randolph (musician)" }, { "docid": "36225927", "text": "Ann Fowler (born March 16, 1948) is an American beauty pageant titleholder from Birmingham, Alabama, who was named Miss Alabama 1969. She would later marry and divorce American television executive Roone Arledge. Career Fowler was chosen as Alabama's Junior Miss for 1966. In 1967, she was named first runner-up to Miss Alabama 1967, Becky Alford. Entering the 1969 Miss Alabama pageant as one of 50 contestants and 24 finalists, Fowler's preliminary competition talent for Miss Alabama was singing \"Promises, Promises\" and \"I'll Never Fall in Love Again\". The final round talent portion of the program was dropped due to the length of Ahead to the Stars, a musical drama honoring Alabama's sesquicentennial and presented as part of the evening's entertainment. Fowler won the competition on Saturday, July 5, 1969, when she received her crown from outgoing Miss Alabama titleholder Dellynne Catching. After winning, Fowler resigned from her job in the office of Congressman John Hall Buchanan, Jr. (Republican, Alabama's 6th) to focus on her role as Miss Alabama and prepare for the Miss America pageant. As Miss Alabama, her activities included public appearances across the state of Alabama, riding the Alabama float in the inaugural parade for President Richard Nixon, and an August 1970 USO tour visiting the troops in South Vietnam. The United States Marine Corps commemorated her Vietnam trip by putting her on the December 1970 cover of Leatherneck, \"Magazine of the Marines\". Fowler was Alabama's representative at the Miss America 1970 pageant in Atlantic City, New Jersey. Her competition talent was signing \"Matchmaker, Matchmaker\" from the musical Fiddler on the Roof. Fowler was not one of the finalists for the title. Her reign as Miss Alabama continued until Suzanne Dennie was crowned on June 27, 1970. Personal life Fowler is a 1966 graduate of Banks High School in Birmingham, Alabama, and earned a bachelor's degree in music from Birmingham–Southern College. Her mother is Mrs. N.W. Fowler of Birmingham, an interior designer. In 1975, she married ABC television executive Roone Arledge. She was his second wife. The couple divorced in 1985. References External links Miss Alabama official website 1948 births Living people American beauty pageant winners Birmingham–Southern College alumni Miss Alabama winners Miss America 1970 delegates People from Birmingham, Alabama 20th-century American people", "title": "Ann Fowler" }, { "docid": "36608133", "text": "Michele Marsh sometimes credited as Michèle Marsh, is a French-American television, theater, and film actress. She is best known for her portrayal of Hodel, the second of Tevye’s five daughters who falls in love with a student radical, in the 1971 film Fiddler on the Roof. She has acted mainly in television and in West Coast theatre. She resides in Idyllwild, California, where she performs with the Idyllwild Actors Theatre. Early life and education Marsh's father taught music theory in private schools. She and her parents moved permanently to the United States, settling in Washington, D.C. The following year, they relocated to Idyllwild, California, where her father taught in the private Desert Sun School. She attended elementary school in Idyllwild and took classes at the Idyllwild School of Music and the Arts before the family moved upstate to the Monterey Peninsula in 1959. She appeared in the musical The King and I at the Wharf Theater in Monterey, playing one of the children. After earning her Bachelor of Fine Arts degree, she joined the American Conservatory Theater in San Francisco. Fiddler on the Roof Marsh made her film debut in the 1971 film Fiddler on the Roof. During high school, Marsh had played one of Tevye's younger daughters, Bielke, in the play Tevye and His Daughters. In the film, she portrays the second-eldest daughter, Hodel, who falls in love with Perchik, a student radical who breaks tradition by dancing hand-in-hand with Hodel at her older sister's wedding. After Perchik asks her to marry him—another break with tradition—the couple tells Tevye that they do not seek his permission to marry, only his blessing. When Perchik is exiled to Siberia, Hodel leaves home to join him. Marsh is one of the singers of \"Matchmaker, Matchmaker\" and performs the solo \"Far From the Home I Love\". Acting career After completing Fiddler on the Roof, Marsh moved to Los Angeles and appeared mainly in television and in West Coast theatre. Television credits Love, American Style (1972) Mannix, episode \"Lost Sunday\" (1972) Gunsmoke, 2 episodes (1974–1975) The Magician (1974) Sandburg's Lincoln (1975) Movin' On (1976) The Last of the Mohicans (1977) The Immigrants (1978) The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1981) Quincy, M.E. (1981) Little House on the Prairie (1982) Sledge Hammer!, 2 episodes (1986) Star Trek: The Next Generation, Season 1: \"When the Bough Breaks\" (1987) Highway to Heaven (1989) Shootdown (1989) Tribes (1989–1990) Nothing Sacred (1998) Memory in My Heart (1999) Diagnosis: Murder, 1 episode (2000) The West Wing (1999) Titus (1999–2000) The Dead One (2007) Desperate Housewives (2008) House, M.D., Season 8, Episode 2: \"Transplant\" (2011) Bucket & Skinner's Epic Adventures (2013) Sources: Film credits Fiddler on the Roof (1971) God Bless Dr. Shagetz (1976) Tough Guys (1986) Evil Town (1987) Miracle on 34th Street (1994) El Muerto (2006) Sources: Personal life Marsh lives in Idyllwild, California, with her third husband, Peter Szabadi, a retired litigation attorney. Marsh performs with the Idyllwild Actors Theatre, and also serves as a secretary/hospitality director for the", "title": "Michele Marsh (actress)" }, { "docid": "658796", "text": "A fiddler is a person who plays a fiddle or violin. Fiddler may also refer to: People Amp Fiddler (1958–2023), American funk and soul musician, born Joseph Fiddler Nancy Fiddler (born 1956), American cross country skier Ronald Fiddler (1966–2017), British Guantanamo Bay detainee and suicide bomber Vernon Fiddler (born 1980), Canadian hockey player Arts, entertainment, and media Fictional characters Fiddler (comics), a DC Comics villain Fiddler (mystery series), a character in a mystery series by A.E. Maxwell Music Fabrangen Fiddlers, an American musical group founded in 1971 Fiddler Records, a record label Productions Fiddler on the Roof (1964), a Broadway musical often referred to as \"Fiddler\" Fiddler on the Roof (film), the 1971 film version of the musical Science Fiddler crab, a species of crab found in parts of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans Fiddler ray, a type of ray found on the south and east coasts of Australia Other uses Fiddler (software), an HTTP debugging proxy Tupolev Tu-28 (NATO reporting name: Fiddler), a fighter aircraft See also Fiddler's Green (disambiguation) Fiedler, German translation of surname", "title": "Fiddler (disambiguation)" }, { "docid": "45200549", "text": "Bruce Trampler (born August 11, 1949) is an American boxing matchmaker whose career highlights include orchestrating and helping the careers of World Champions including Floyd Mayweather Jr., Michael Carbajal, Oscar De La Hoya, Johnny Tapia, Erik Morales and Miguel Cotto. He was inducted into the World Boxing Hall of Fame in 1999 and International Boxing Hall of Fame in 2010. Early life Trampler was born in Maplewood, New Jersey. where he attended Columbia High School. Anxious to pursue a career in journalism, he continued his education at Ohio University in Athens. After graduating from the Ohio University in 1971 he decided to switch careers and dedicate his life to Boxing. He began with managing Bill \"Dynamite\" Douglas before spending 15 months under the tutelage of boxing trainer Angelo Dundee and Angelo's brother Chris, who was a promoter. The Dundee brothers, both Hall of Famers, groomed Trampler as a cornerman, trainer, publicist, and matchmaker. Between the years of 1977 and 1979 Trampler worked with legendary matchmaker Teddy Brenner at Madision Square Garden. Career After leaving the Garden, Trampler lived in Phoenix for a year and handled fighters on the West Coast. In 1980, promoter Bob Arum offered Trampler a career at Top Rank, where he was reunited with his mentor Brenner in New York City. His continuous pursuit and keen eye for talent has helped the company become the engine it is today. For over 40 years Trampler has remained with the company and has molded his roots as one of the sports most prominent matchmakers. When Arum moved Top Rank to Las Vegas in 1986, Trampler went to Nevada with him. Citing Arum's creative vision, Top Rank developed boxing markets in Mexico, Puerto Rico, Macao, and the Philippines. On July 31, 2012 Yahoo Sports named Trampler among the 25 most powerful people in boxing. References 1949 births Living people Boxing people People from Maplewood, New Jersey", "title": "Bruce Trampler" }, { "docid": "12828644", "text": "Jack Fiddler, also known as Zhauwuno-geezhigo-gaubow (from the Oji-Cree: Zhaawano-giizhigo-gaabaw meaning \"He who stands in the southern sky\") and as Maisaninnine or Mesnawetheno (in Swampy Cree meaning \"Stylish man\") (c. 1839-September 30, 1907), was an ogimaa (chief and shaman) of the Sucker doodem among the Anishinaabe in what is now northwestern Ontario. His arrest in 1906 for the alleged murder of a wendigo and his suicide before trial marked the beginning of the imposition of Canadian law on the Sucker People. Until then, Fiddler's people had been among the last aboriginal peoples living in North America completely under their own law and custom. Background Zhauwuno-geezhigo-gaubow was born in the boreal forests of the upper Severn River near Sandy Lake, Deer Lake, and North Spirit Lake in the 1830s or 1840s. His father Peemeecheekag (Porcupine [Standing] Sideways), a mysterious figure from the east who was adopted into the Sucker clan during the previous century, was a respected political and spiritual leader. The Suckers were not the only group in the area, as they were allied with the Pelican and Sturgeon clans, and had contact with the Cranes as well. The clans spoke a unique form of the Oji-Cree dialect of the Anishinaabe language and had contact with the Ojibwa at Lake Winnipeg and the Oji-Cree farther to the north and east. Zhauwuno-geezhigo-gaubow grew up during a period of difficulty. Over-trapping for the fur trade of the previous centuries had left the boreal forests of Northern Ontario depleted of animals. With declining numbers of furs, lower demand abroad, and more opportunities in the west, the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) abandoned their post at Island Lake for much of the early 19th century, forcing the Suckers to travel to Big Trout Lake or Little Grand Rapids for trade. As a young man, Zhauwuno-geezhigo-gaubow likely worked on the York boats bringing furs to York Factory. By the 1860s, the number of fur-bearing animals increased enough for the HBC to re-open the Island Lake post, and Zhauwuno-geezhigo-gaubow emerged as one of the leaders of the Sucker people. At his brief visits at the posts, he developed the ability to fiddle and built quality instruments. HBC traders frequently gave English nicknames to individual Natives and designated whole clans by the name of a primary leader or an arbitrary English surname. Thus, the Sturgeons were known to traders (and later Canadian authorities) by the surname Rae or Mamakeesick, the Pelicans after their leader Meekis, and the Cranes after their leaders Kakegamic and Kakepetum. Zhauwuno-geezhigo-gaubow and his brother Pesequan became Jack and Joseph Fiddler, and the Suckers often appear in the records as the Fiddler tribe. Jack Fiddler took five wives: Kakakwesic, Nakwasasive, Nocome, Kaopasanakitiyat, and Kayakatopicicikec and had 13 children. Polygamy was common, out of necessity if for no other reason, as young men died often in the dangers of the times. The wendigo Like his father before him, Jack Fiddler became a famous shaman for his alleged ability to conjure animals and protect his people from", "title": "Jack Fiddler" }, { "docid": "7887941", "text": "The Merchant of Yonkers is a 1938 play by Thornton Wilder. History The Merchant of Yonkers had its origins in a 1835 one-act farce A Day Well Spent, by the English dramatist John Oxenford. In 1842 A Day Well Spent was extended into a full-length play entitled He'll Have Himself a Good Time by Austrian playwright Johann Nestroy. Wilder adapted Nestroy's 1842 version into an Americanized comedy entitled The Merchant of Yonkers, which revolves around Horace Vandergelder, a wealthy Yonkers, New York businessman in the market for a wife. Productions Produced by Herman Shumlin and directed by Max Reinhardt, The Merchant of Yonkers opened on Broadway December 28, 1938, at the Guild Theatre. Boris Aronson created the scenic design. The production ran through January 1939, for 39 performances, with the following among the cast: Percy Waram as Horace Vandergelder Jane Cowl as Dolly Gallagher Levi Tom Ewell as Cornelius Hackl Philip Coolidge as Joe Scanlon Bartlett Robinson as Ambrose Kemper Joseph Sweeney as Melchior Stack June Walker as Mrs. Molloy Nydia Westman as Minnie Fay Rewrite In 1954, at the request of Edinburgh Festival director Tyrone Guthrie, Wilder made what he later termed \"minor revisions\" to his original script and rechristened the piece The Matchmaker, under which title it was presented in Edinburgh, followed by a West End theatre production in London which opened at Theatre Royal Haymarket on November 4, 1954. An American production of the revised play opened on Broadway on December 5, 1955, with Ruth Gordon as Dolly and had a far more successful run of 486 performances, followed by a motion picture version starring Shirley Booth as Dolly. The Matchmaker later served as the basis for Jerry Herman's 1964 musical hit Hello, Dolly!, running for 2,844 performances. References External links Internet Broadway Database listing Internet Broadway Database listing for The Matchmaker thorntonwilder.com 1938 plays Broadway plays Plays by Thornton Wilder Culture of Yonkers, New York Plays set in the 19th century Plays set in New York (state) Plays based on other plays A Day Well Spent", "title": "The Merchant of Yonkers" }, { "docid": "62698637", "text": "The Destined One (), is a reality dating show, for each episode, four local celebrities are invited to play matchmaker and a group of 10 men and women will attempt to find the right match. Format In each episode, four men or women will be hidden from view as the \"fated persons (有缘人)\". The remaining six men or women stand at the podium to award points (1 to 10) to all the fated persons based on star matchmakers' recommendations and interactions with the fated persons. There is a total of 5 rounds at each round, and one fated person with the lowest point will be eliminated from the round. In the 1st round, the star matchmakers will introduce the fated persons and make their recommendations. In the 2nd round, it is a question and answers round between the fated persons and the participants at the podium. In the 3rd round, the remaining two fated persons will perform their talent. In the 4th round, the last fated person will ask the participants at the podium some questions before finalizing the choice. In the 5th round, the fated person will have the chance to choose and confess to his/her ideal match chosen from the podium. The chosen man/woman will have to decide to accept or reject the fated person. If accepted, it will be a successful match and if rejected, it will be an unsuccessful match. Star Matchmakers Male Star Ben Yeo - Episode 3 Brandon Wong (actor) - Episode 6 Cavin Soh - Episode 3 Jeremy Chan - Episode 4 Lee Teng - Episode 1 \| 2 \| 6 \| 7 Marcus Chin - Episode 1 Mark Lee - Episode 5 Shane Pow - Episode 7 Yao Wenlong - Episode 2 Female Star Aileen Tan - Episode 1 Kym Ng - Episode 3, 5 & 7 Lina Ng - Episode 4 & 6 Liu Lingling - Episode 4 Priscelia Chan - Episode 6 Pan Lingling - Episode 4 Quan Yi Fong - Episode 5 Vivian Lai - Episode 1 \| 3 \| 4 \| 5 \| 7 Zoe Tay - Episode 2 Incident It was alleged that one of the lady participants was already attached during the show and was successfully matched to a restaurant owner. This raise question on the selection of the participants and the show might go against what it set out to achieve. See also List of variety and infotainment programmes broadcast by MediaCorp Channel 8 Media of Singapore References External links Official website Singaporean television series", "title": "The Destined One" }, { "docid": "8022805", "text": "The Matchmaker is a 1997 American romantic comedy film starring Janeane Garofalo. Plot Marcy Tizard (Janeane Garofalo) is assistant to Senator John McGlory (Jay O. Sanders) from Boston, Massachusetts. In an attempt to court the Irish-American vote in a tough re-election battle, the bumbling senator's chief of staff, Nick (Denis Leary), sends Marcy to Ireland to find McGlory's relatives or ancestors. Marcy arrives at the fictional village of Ballinagra (, literally the Town of Love) as it is preparing for the annual matchmaking festival. She attracts the attention of two rival professional matchmakers, Dermot (Milo O'Shea) and Millie (Rosaleen Linehan), as well as roguish bartender Sean (David O'Hara). The locals tolerate her genealogical search while trying to match her with various bachelors. Sean tries to woo Marcy despite her resistance to his boorish manners. After they have begun their romance, they return home to Sean's house one afternoon to find his estranged wife Moira (Saffron Burrows) waiting for them. Marcy leaves Sean, upset that he did not disclose his marriage to her. McGlory and Nick arrive in Ballinagra, although Marcy has been unable to locate any McGlory relatives. McGlory discovers Sean's wife's maiden name is Kennedy and brings her back to Boston as his fiancée just in time for the election, and wins by a small margin. While at the victory party, McGlory's father (Robert Mandan) reveals privately to Marcy that the family is Hungarian, not Irish. The family name had been changed at Ellis Island when they immigrated, but as they settled in Boston with its large Irish population, he never told his son their true lineage. Sean follows Marcy to Boston, and they reconcile. Reception Box office The film opened in 705 theatres in the United States and Canada and grossed $1,378,930 in its first weekend and went on to gross of $3,392,080 in the United States and Canada and $6 million worldwide. Critical response Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gave the film a score of 50% based on reviews from 32 critics, with an average rating of 5.5 out of 10 reviews. Roger Ebert gives the film 3 out of 4 stars. Ebert praises Garofalo, calling her \"one of the most engaging actresses around\" and admiring the balance of \"her cynical intelligence and the warmth of her smile\". Ebert finds the Irish centre of the film charming and says the Boston bookends are distracting. The Irish Independent notes: \"Bad things happen whenever Hollywood and Ireland collide and this rather thin comedy is no exception\" but say the film is helped by the central performance of Janeane Garofalo. In a 2003 interview, when asked what films from her career she was happiest with, Garofalo included The Matchmaker among the few films she mentioned. Cultural references Marcy's expectations clash with a host of colourful rural Irish characters in the tradition of such other works as The Irish R.M. Filming took place on location in the town of Roundstone, County Galway. Besides the personalities of the villagers, the film establishes", "title": "The Matchmaker (1997 film)" }, { "docid": "46735333", "text": "Kitty Powers' Matchmaker is a 2014 simulation video game that was developed by Magic Notion and published through Mastertronic Group. It is available on Windows, OS X, Android, PlayStation 4 and iOS. The mobile version of the game was released on September 3, 2014 and a desktop edition was launched on April 22, 2015 on Steam. The game's premise has the player serving as an employee to drag queen and matchmaker Kitty Powers. The game has become popular among Let's Play personalities on YouTube, however the developer has cautioned users about posting videos as the game's soundtrack contains copyrighted music that may be automatically flagged by the website. Synopsis and game play Kitty Powers has recently launched a new branch of her dating service and has hired the player to serve as her newest matchmaker. Players can personalize their character and perform a personality quiz to create their own profile. There is an option that allows players to allow their character data (minus the name) to other players, who will try to successfully match the character with other people. Clients can be matched up with someone of the same gender. While playing the game players must try to match their clients' personal tastes with that of their prospective dates. If their attributes are to the other's liking, this will cause the pair to fall in love with one another, but matching up people with opposing interests runs the risk of ruining the date. Dates are held at one of several restaurants themed around various countries, each of which has differing levels of difficulty. During the date players must successfully guide their client through minigames and typical date questions on topics such as hobbies, personality, and employment. If a client finds that their date has expressed a preference or a feature that they do not like, players are given the ability to either tell the truth or lie about their opinion. If they choose to lie, the player must spin a wheel that will decide if the lie is detected or not. Development Kitty Powers' Matchmaker's premise was developed by Rich Franke, who chose to incorporate his drag personality of Kitty Powers into the game. He decided to do this for several reasons, stating that he had \"been messing about with drag for a while and I wanted a good reason to evolve it and take it to a new place. Secondly I felt drag and video games hadn't really collided properly yet and this might be a good way to do it. Thirdly I wanted to make my debut game unique, and a real reflection of me and my voice. Kitty seemed like a good way to tick all of the boxes.\" Reception Kitty Powers' Matchmaker received \"mixed or average reviews\" from critics, according to review aggregator Metacritic. Polygon rated the game favorably, writing \"Gay, straight, everything is great in Kitty Powers Matchmaker\". Hardcore Gamer was more mixed in its review, and commented that the players would be better off", "title": "Kitty Powers' Matchmaker" }, { "docid": "2791110", "text": "Anonymous matching is a matchmaking method facilitated by computer databases, in which each user confidentially selects people they are interested in dating and the computer identifies and reports matches to pairs of users who share a mutual attraction. Protocols for anonymous matchmaking date back to the 1980s, and one of the earliest papers on the topic is by Baldwin and Gramlich, published in 1985. From a technical perspective, the problem and solution are trivial and likely predate even this paper. The problem becomes interesting and requires more sophisticated cryptography when the matchmaker (central server) isn't trusted. The purpose of the protocol is to allow people to initiate romantic relationships while avoiding the risk of embarrassment, awkwardness, and other negative consequences associated with unwanted romantic overtures and rejection. The general concept was patented on September 7, 1999, by David J. Blumberg and DoYouDo chief executive officer Gil S. Sudai, but several websites were already employing the methodology by that date, and thus apparently were allowed to continue using it. United States Patent 5,950,200 points out several potential flaws in traditional courtship and in conventional dating systems in which strangers meet online, promoting anonymous matching of friends and acquaintances as a better alternative: Implementations Some of the most notable implementations of the idea have been: Baldwin and Gramlich, as cited above. eCRUSH. launched Valentine's Day, 1999, is the most successful implementation of the concept. Targeted to the teen market, it has more than 1.6 million users and claims more than 600,000 legitimate matches DoYOU2.com. The website's owner, DoYouDo, Inc., was incorporated 23 September 1999 and acquired by MatchNet in September 2000 in exchange for stock valued at $1,820,000. According to MatchNet's 2003 annual report, \"The acquisition was made primarily for the purpose of acquiring the patent on this business model for future development.\" The LiveJournal Secret Crush meme. In mid-2003, a company named Anonymous Consulting created an online quiz called \"Secret Crush Meme,\" which would provide each user with a chart showing who on their LiveJournal friends list had a crush on them, as well as what \"kind\" of crush they had (public, secret or ex). The quiz was designed to harvest crushes between LiveJournal users (hence the elaborate disclaimer). In October 2003, a new quiz, called \"Secret Crush Meme 2: The Revenge of Secret Crush Meme,\" was released , which showed users how many crushes other users had on them, as well as what kind. There was a catch: For four dollars, the company would tell someone who had crushes on them. This created controversy between couples who listed other users as crushes as well as people getting ex-crushes when they felt they should have gotten public crushes, and much ethics debating. Finally a small PERL script was written and distributed to poison the database. Faced with attempts to poison the database from many different IP addresses, the project was shut down. SecretAdmirer.com. This service claims 100,000 successful matches . Salon.com called SecretAdmirer.com \"the grandfather of the concept, launched in 1997.\"", "title": "Anonymous matching" }, { "docid": "71025144", "text": "Gelasimus vomeris is a species of fiddler crab found in the southwest Pacific Ocean. In Australia, it is found in the east and north from Darwin to Sydney. It is commonly known as the two-toned fiddler crab, orange-clawed fiddler crab or Southern calling fiddler crab, however the common name orange-clawed fiddler crab is also used for the fiddler crab Tubuca coarctata. Previous binomial names include Uca vomeris and Uca vocans vomeris. Description The carapace is up to 30 mm across, black-brown with blue patches to varying extent. Adult males have an enlarged claw with a grey or pink upper finger, and orange lower finger and hand. Like other fiddler crabs the claw is used to scare or fight other males, and in waving displays to attract females. The lower male claw has a large triangular protection in the most distant part from the body. If caught, the colors of Gelasimus vomeris crabs will become less brilliant within minutes, and in response to the presence of predators in an area, the blue color of these fiddler crabs will change over a few days to a dull muddy brown. Distribution and habitat The preferred habitat of these crabs is unshaded sandy mud. They are found in bays, estuaries and creeks, living in burrows at lower tide levels which they stay close to, typically <1 m while feeding. There is a predominance of right handed individuals in colonies, one study finding left handed individuals forming only 1.4% of the study population. References External links Video of Gelasimus vomeris on YouTube Crustaceans of the Pacific Ocean Ocypodoidea", "title": "Gelasimus vomeris" }, { "docid": "2345246", "text": "Matchmaker.com was the first online dating service. It was founded in 1986 and first operated via a bulletin board system. Members completed a questionnaire that enabled the platform to rank potential matches based on compatibility. History Matchmaker.com originated from a bulletin board system created by Gregory Scott Smith in San Antonio, Texas in March 1983. It began as a dial-up system running on a single Apple II+ with a modem. Shortly afterwards, it was ported to a Microsoft Xenix–based Tandy 6000 microcomputer and re-written in MBASIC, and then re-written again in C by programmer Jon Boede. It was originally conceived as a pen-pal network for everyone. There were no membership fees and the system operated on user donations. In 1985, the system was relocated to Houston, Texas and operated on four dial-up lines. The following year, two other systems were networked and allowed users in San Antonio, Texas and San Jose, California to join the \"date-a-base\". The original site started in 1986 was in the form of a bulletin board system. Each system catered to a geographic area (code) allowing users to find like interests. The original BBS based system only catered to local computer savvy users within a local telephone area code. However, exchange of email between systems and profiles was later implemented using sendmail and uuencoding making uucp and, ultimately the internet, the Matchmaker network backbone. The Matchmaker network was featured in the first edition of \"!%@:: a directory of electronic mail addressing and networks\" as one of the larger email networks prior to the rise of the Internet. In 1987, the software became available to franchise from the programmer, Jon Boede. The number of local systems grew to about a dozen, and became funded by user subscriptions. This business model allowed for each system to be moved into a commercial office environment for stability. In late 1992, the ASCII BBS style was extended to also be a telnet-based service, allowing access from anywhere in the world without the need for telephone long distance charges. A year later, the web-based front end was created. The first Matchmaker system to receive the new version was the largest of the communities at the time, \"Christie's Matchmaker\" (see below). Other Matchmaker franchises quickly also adopted the web based front-end. The site went online in 1996. Phil Moerschell, a founder and owner of multiple matchmaker franchises at the time, acquired the domain 'matchmaker.com' and began using it to link to the 15 matchmaker sites he was running. In 1998, each of the franchisees agreed to consolidate, centralize, and combine their resources. Matchmaker incorporated and relocated all of the Matchmaker servers to Bedford, Texas. In September 1998, the system became burdened by having to provide direct dial-in over modems and a decision was made to move to the Internet exclusively. At the height of the distributed franchise model in 1998, the number of national systems exceeded 60. An agreement was reached to centralize in Bedford, Texas and incorporate with the name Matchmaker.com. Private", "title": "Matchmaker.com" }, { "docid": "8733859", "text": "Fiddler Records was a small independent record label serving as the launch pad for several artists seminal to the pop, punk and emo genres. Starting as the brainchild of 16-year-old entrepreneur Amy Fleisher Madden in 1996, the label became well known for its early releases from marquee artists Dashboard Confessional and New Found Glory. Over the course of 10 years, Fiddler Records developed a steady roster of successful artists such as The Bled, The Higher, Recover, Juliette & The Licks, Name Taken and Classic Case. Currently, the Fiddler Records catalog is managed by Animal Manufacturing Co. Animal Manufacturing has released vinyl for both Recover and Name Taken and has helped keep the spirit of Fiddler alive. History The Origin Fiddler Records started in 1996 by Amy Fleisher Madden at age 16. What started as Amy passing out photocopies of her fanzine, Fiddler Jones, in the parking lot of Miami punk venue Cheers, became one of the most historic pop-punk labels of the late 1990s and early 2000s. After saving $600 from promoting several shows over the course of several months at Cheers, Amy invested the money in a 7” by the band Vacant Andys (led by then unknown Chris Carrabba of Dashboard Confessional). The gold vinyl release was titled Anodyne, and marked the first release from both an artist and label showing signs of much bigger things on the horizon. Getting Off The Ground Fiddler began building a roster with several records, including the label's fourth release, New Found Glory's It's All About the Girls (1997), which assisted the band in breaking nationwide. It eventually sold more than 80,000 copies, as New Found Glory went on to pop-punk stardom earning multiple gold records for major labels. Fiddler began climbing the music industry ladder by signing to the Toledo, Ohio-based small distribution outfit Lumberjack Distribution, helping to develop some of the roster’s core releases from such artists as Recover, The Agency, and The Grey AM. In March 2000, Fiddler released The Swiss Army Romance, a solo record from Chris Carrabba’s solo project titled Dashboard Confessional. The record quickly garnered critical national acclaim, and within a few months the first pressing of CDs had sold out and Carrabba left his band Further Seems Forever to pursue Dashboard Confessional full-time. In order to meet the swelling demand, The Swiss Army Romance was sold from Fiddler to the MCA Records subsidiary Drive-Thru Records. 15 Seconds In November 2002, Fiddler signed a label/distribution deal with MCA Records. In March 2003, MCA folded into Geffen Records, which inherited Fiddler's contract. While Fiddler’s agreement with MCA kept them bound to Geffen, during the three years under this arrangement, the now fully staffed label released records from The Bled (who later went to Vagrant Records), The Higher, Poulain, and Salem. In 2005, Fiddler parted ways with Geffen and signed a distribution agreement with RED Distribution, where they released records from Name Taken, The Higher, Juliette & The Licks and a release from At All Cost under Fiddler’s sub-label", "title": "Fiddler Records" }, { "docid": "7480558", "text": "\"Tradition\" is the opening number for the 1964 Broadway musical Fiddler on the Roof. In the song, the main character, Tevye, explains the roles of each social class (fathers, mothers, sons, and daughters) in the village of Anatevka, and how the traditional roles of people like the matchmaker, the beggar, and the rabbi contribute to the village. The song also mentions the constable, the priest, and the other non-Jews with whom they rarely interact. Later in the song, an issue involving an argument between two men about selling the other person a horse and delivering a mule (in the film, the argument is about whether a horse was 12 or 6, and in the Yiddish production, it is changed to a tsig (he-goat) and a bok (she-goat)) creates a ruckus in the village. Overall, the song sets up the major theme of the villagers trying to continue their traditions and keep their society running as the world around them changes. Appears in Fiddler on the Roof (1964–present) Fiddler on the Roof (1971). In the film version, the horse-mule incident is replaced by someone selling someone else a horse, telling him the horse was only six years old when it was really twelve. Reception The song has been described as \"groundbreaking\" and \"electrifying.\" References Further reading 1964 songs Songs from Fiddler on the Roof Songs written by Jerry Bock Songs written by Sheldon Harnick", "title": "Tradition (song)" }, { "docid": "8850890", "text": "Matchmaker is a dating show that aired in syndication from September 14, 1987 to September 1988. It was hosted by Dave Hull. Jimmie Walker also hosted for one week of shows. The executive producer and occasional announcer was Bill Armstrong, who replaced original announcer Lou Hunt. Syndication was arranged by Four Star International, in association with Kleinman, Pollard, Hull Productions, and Orbis Communications. It was based on a long-running Los Angeles radio show hosted by Dave \"The Hullaballoer\" Hull where listeners would call in to the radio station and ask Dave to find them dates. It was fast-paced, tongue-in-cheek, and fueled by Dave's madcap wit and humor. The Matchmaker TV show was an adaptation of the radio program. A reboot of the show with an updated format is in the works for 2021 or 2022 by original co-creator, Gary Kleinman, with new Matchmaker/Host, Jillian Barberie. Gameplay The show began with six potential dates; three men and three women. Dave could not see any of them, nor could they see each other. Dave did not see any of the potential dates because he believed \"anyone can make a match by looking at them\". He did not even look at the people he eliminated, because they could possibly return on a future episode. The only contestants he ever saw were the ones he successfully matched. To start the show off, he gave each potential date a miniature interview, asking them about their hobbies and profession. After he talked to all six, Dave eliminated one man and one woman from the show. Dave asked the remaining four people questions about love and romance. After he talked to each one, he eliminated one more person from the show, leaving one person of one gender and two of the other. That one person became the \"romantic lead\", and Dave would see which of the two remaining would be the best match for them. The two remaining saw the romantic lead's picture, and Dave asked each one a question about them (for example,\"is that what you thought they'd look like?\"). Then he asked each one a final question. When the questioning was finished, he picked which one would be the best choice for the romantic lead. The two remaining would play a bonus round to decide where they would spend their date out of three possible choices. Before the show, each were asked to give lists of likes and dislikes in specific categories (for example, favorite sitcoms or breakfast foods). Three of those lists would be randomly selected. For the first list, three of the romantic lead's favorites would be shown. If the other person matched at least one item on the list, they continued to the second one, which had only two items. Matching at least one meant they could continue to the final list, which had just one item. The trip they won depended on how many matches were made. Just one match won the least expensive trip, two matches won the moderately-priced trip,", "title": "Matchmaker (game show)" }, { "docid": "73938350", "text": "Skill-based matchmaking (SBMM), also referred to as matchmaking ranking, is a form of matchmaking dependent on the relative skill level of the players involved. History A common rating system in chess is the Elo rating system, developed by Arpad Elo. Former International Chess Federation president Florencio Campomanes described it as an \"inseparable partner to high-level chess\". In 2006, Microsoft researchers proposed a skill-based rating system using Bayesian inference and deployed it on the Xbox Live network, then one of the largest deployments of a Bayesian inference algorithm. The researchers were displeased with the ranking system in the beta of Halo 2 (2004). By the time Halo 2 launched, it was using TrueSkill. The term skill-based matchmaking first appeared in a 2008 interview with game designer John Carmack in which he emphasized its importance in Quake Live (2010). Upon setting up an account with id Software, the game will ask the player for their skill level and judge accordingly depending on their performance from that point forward. The presence—or lack thereof—of skill-based matchmaking became a point of contention. During the development of Dota 2 (2013), Valve Software believed that the barrier to entry could be solved with, among other things, skill-based matchmaking through its Steamworks service; when Call of Duty: Black Ops (2010) developer Treyarch was asked why the game wouldn't include skill-based matchmaking unlike Halo 3 (2007), multiplayer design director David Vonderhaar said that speed was \"more important than anything else\". Description Team-based, competitive games such as League of Legends (2009), Counter-Strike: Global Offensive (2012), Dota 2 (2013), and Overwatch (2016) benefit from skill-based matchmaking. In contrast, Call of Duty: Black Ops II (2012)—a game that primarily focuses on single-player accomplishments—does not benefit from skill-based matchmaking. Treyarch, who developed Call of Duty: Black Ops II, consciously queued players exclusively using ping and latency, in a subversion of industry standards at the time. Queues In skill-based matchmaking, queue design focuses on how to divide parties into appropriate skill groups. In contrast to StarCraft II (2010), which focuses on player-on-player action, Blizzard Entertainment's Heroes of the Storm (2015) is a team-based game. The Heroes of the Storm matchmaker aims to have players win at least half of the games that they play. The game's matchmaker also aims to pair coordinated teams with other coordinated teams in order to avoid an unfair communication advantage. According to game director Ben Brode, Hearthstone (2014) maintains a separate pool of new players. Players remain in the pool until they win ten games or obtain two legendary minions. Player rating model The skill rating of a player is their ability to win a match based on aggregate data. Various models have emerged to achieve this. Mark Glickman implemented skill volatility into the Glicko rating system. In 2008, researchers at Microsoft extended TrueSkill for two-player games by describing a number for a player's ability to force draws. Variability in map, character, and server effects have been considered in at least two research papers. In 2016, two Cornell University", "title": "Skill-based matchmaking" }, { "docid": "33943945", "text": "Booking () is a common practice in South Korean night clubs of forced socialization. Booking is a practice in which waiters bring female patrons, sometimes forcibly, to a table to sit with men. Both parties are free to leave at any time, or depending on mutual interest, they can continue to sit together and drink and talk. Although outwardly similar, to outsiders, these are not hostess clubs, and although the men are expected to tip and pay their waiters to bring women to their table, the women are not employees nor are they prostitutes but fellow clubbers. Background Confucianism in Korea has had a profound effect on social interactions, in traditional Confucianism one was expected to give proper deference and respect to one another based on one's position within a five level hierarchy, only the bottom of which was of one between equals, one's position in this hierarchy was based on a mix of one's ancestry, family position, official offices if any and social status. With regards to marriage one was expected to find a partner of the same social status as one's own, an appropriate partner being one whose status was neither above nor beneath one's own, to facilitate this there was the traditional matchmaker. As South Korea urbanised and industrialised, the hierarchical stratification of society remained, in addition to ancestry one's social position in Korean society now includes the level of one's education, alma mater, profession, which company one works for and one's position and seniority (whether one is a seonbae or hubae) within the company. Increasingly less so, social interactions would become paralysed unless people were properly introduced and so could determine one's social position with regards one another, fear of behaving inappropriately to one's own position leading to an outright refusal to interact with strangers. With regards to marriage meeting people outside one's established social circle is difficult, and within this circle, for example with colleagues, one is constrained by what would be considered appropriate and inappropriate relationships depending on one's seniority and position in the hierarchy. The old professional matchmakers still exist, and friends and family will act as informal matchmakers, however even when both parties are interested in meeting a member of the opposite sex, such as when clubbing, a Korean would find it difficult to ask a stranger for a dance, a date, or more, and those who do would be seen negatively by the more conservative. Booking arose therefore as an icebreaker between individuals who would otherwise be too embarrassed to approach one another and has been described as a form of speed dating. As South Koreans have become more comfortable with other ways to meet new people, such as through the internet, booking clubs have declined. Practice In booking clubs groups of men will pay for a booth or room, the higher priced they are the better placed they are to observe the dance floor, they will also order a set of drinks and snacks for their table. The male groups", "title": "Booking (clubbing)" }, { "docid": "50224690", "text": "Rosa Raifovna Syabitova (Russian: Ро́за Раи́фовна Сяби́това; born February 10, 1962, in Moscow) is best known as a television personality on the Channel One Russian television show, Let's Get Married since 2008. Rosa is also the creator and owner of a dating agency. Biography Syabitova was born on February 10, 1962, in Moscow into a Tatar family. Her father worked as a locksmith. And mother is a native of the village of Kichkalnya from a noble family. As a child she was fond of skating and other sports. After graduating from high school in 1979 she entered the Moscow Institute of Electronic Machine Building (MIEM) as a software engineer. Her first marriage was from 1983-1993. The marriage had two children: Denis and Ksenia. The first husband died of a heart attack. In 2008 on the set of TV show \"Let's get married\" Syabitova met with one of the program participants, Yuri Andreyev, who became her second husband. They were divorced in 2011. Career In 1995 Syabitova opened her own dating agency Me. In 2007 Syabitova started to host the TV show \"I Love\" on Stream TV She also participated in the program Good Morning on Channel One. In 2008 she hosted the television show Let's Get Married, as a professional Matchmaker - where she works presently. She also works on the closed television program \"Meet the Parents (Russia)\" in 2010. Author of books What is a Woman, or How to Raise Self-esteem A Man of Your Dreams How to Find Your Love. Tips First Matchmaker of Russia How to Fall in Love with Anyone. Secrets of the Men Who Every Woman Should Know Techniques of Marriage Studies. The Traps, Tricks, Cunning and Wise Role of Woman All the Tricks, Tchniques and Pitfalls of a Real Woman Why Do Some Love, But On the Other Get Married? Secrets of a Successful Marriage References External links Official website Роза Сябитова задумалась о пенсии! Журналист Олег Мастеров Роза Сябитова: «Если зарождается любовь с человеком другой национальности, то я — только за!» 1962 births Living people Russian women television presenters Tatar people of Russia Matchmakers", "title": "Rosa Syabitova" }, { "docid": "35554224", "text": "Ready for Love is an American reality matchmaking competition television series that aired for three weeks on NBC in 2013 and six subsequent weeks on NBC.com. The series was scheduled to air Tuesdays from 9:00pm to 11:00pm Eastern and Pacific time, and premiered in that slot on Tuesday, April 9, 2013. It was hosted by Giuliana Rancic and Bill Rancic. The show featured three bachelors and includes three matchmakers and a field of 36 bachelorettes. On April 19, 2013, after two low-rated episodes, NBC pulled the Eva Longoria produced Ready for Love from its schedule. The last episode to air on NBC was the April 23 segment. The remaining six episodes were placed online on Tuesdays via the network's website, Hulu, the network's cable video on demand service, and iTunes and Amazon Video for purchase, until the June 4 finale. Programming Episodes of Ready for Love run for two hours, and the series debuted on April 9, 2013. It was placed on the Tuesday schedule where it aired immediately after The Voice. It had originally been planned for a Sunday night slot as the lead-in to The Apprentice before NBC reshuffled its spring 2013 schedule; the Tuesday time slot was regarded as an upgrade because The Voice is a strong lead-in, and the network hoped the show would attract the viewers who had previously watched The Bachelor on Tuesdays. Show structure The show was a matchmaking show with the goal of finding romantic partners for three eligible bachelors. Producer Eva Longoria selected the bachelors for the show: Dallas-based financier Ben Patton, Santa Barbara-based Plain White T's member Tim Lopez and Miami-based entrepreneur Ernesto Argüello. Eligible women applied online to matchmakers Amber Kelleher-Andrews, Tracy McMillan and Matthew Hussey. Each of the three bachelors had a field of twelve bachelorettes that were chosen for him: each matchmaker selected four women per bachelor. The women applied via a specially designed Facebook app that introduced the participants via a Ready For Love Facebook page as well as a Facebook timeline. The intent was that as the season evolved, each of the three bachelors would find a romantic partner from among the twelve bachelorettes chosen for him while the audience observed the process. Contestants Elimination chart Key Matchmaker Matthew Hussey's team. Matchmaker Amber Kelleher-Andrews' team. Matchmaker Tracy McMillan's team. The contestant won the competition. The contestant did well enough to not be put in the Bottom 3 or Bottom 2. The contestant was in the Bottom 3, but was saved. The contestant was chosen by the Matchmakers to be in the Bottom 3. The contestant was chosen by the Matchmakers to be in the Bottom 2. The contestant was chosen by the Men to be in the Bottom 2 or 3. The contestant was eliminated. Reception Sonia Saraiya of The A.V. Club gave the premiere episode an \"F\" grade, calling it \"a catastrophe of a television show\", \"pure evil\", \"boring, superficial, and bland\" and its treatment of the contestants \"despicable\". Ratings Despite aggressive promotion and", "title": "Ready for Love (TV series)" }, { "docid": "62503648", "text": "The Matchmaker or The Procuress is an oil on panel painting by Dutch artist Gerard van Honthorst, created in 1625, now in the Centraal Museum in Utrecht, for which it was bought in 1951 by the Vereniging Rembrandt. History and description Van Honthorst was part of the Utrecht Caravaggisti School. From 1610 to 1620 he stayed in Italy, where he specialized in nocturnal paintings with pronounced chiaroscuro, which earned him the nickname Gerardo delle Notti. The painting presents a young woman with a provocative neckline and a seductive smile; she is accompanied by a man who carries a purse in his hand and an old woman. All of them are in a shallow space. The light from the candle on the table accentuates the young woman's cleavage and her colorful and feathered clothes. On the left, an old matchmaker, with a tooth protruding from her closed mouth, keeps an eye on what is happening. The lute, in this situation, refers to an object of prostitutes and therefore has an erotic meaning. The lute is also a symbol for female genitalia and lust. The painting abounds in contrasts, not only between light and darkness, but also between youth and old age. One end of the young woman's right nipple is barely noticeable. A similarly themed painting was made by a colleague of Van Honthorst, Dirck van Baburen. The model for the young woman also appears in other paintings by Van Honthorst. References Paintings in the Centraal Museum 1625 paintings Paintings by Gerard van Honthorst Prostitution in paintings Genre paintings", "title": "The Matchmaker (Honthorst)" }, { "docid": "7708603", "text": "Trygonorrhina, also known as the fiddler rays or banjo rays, is a genus of guitarfish, family Rhinobatidae. The two species are found along the eastern and southern coasts of Australia. They are benthic in nature, favoring shallow, sandy bays, rocky reefs, and seagrass beds. The eastern fiddler is found to a length of 120 cm and the southern fiddler to a length of 180 cm. The flattened pectoral fin discs of fiddler rays are shorter and more rounded than those of other guitarfishes. Their tails are slender, with a well-developed caudal fin and two triangular dorsal fins. Their snouts are translucent. The fiddler rays are also distinguished from other guitarfishes in that the anterior nasal flaps of their nostrils are expanded backwards and fused together into a nasal curtain that reaches the mouth. Fiddler rays feed on bottoms shellfish, crabs, and worms, which they crush between their jaws. The eastern fiddler ray is known to scavenge from fish traps. Like other guitarfishes, fiddler rays are ovoviviparous. The egg capsules of the southern fiddler ray are reported to be golden in colour, containing three embryos each. It gives birth to litters of four to six young per breeding cycle. Fiddler rays are harmless and easily approached by divers. Southern fiddler rays are taken as bycatch by commercial trawlers and by recreational fishers; the flesh is of good quality and sold in small quantities. The Magpie fiddler ray (previously Trygonorrhina melaleuca) is now considered a variant of Trygonorrhina dumerilii. Species There are currently 2 recognized species in this genus: Trygonorrhina dumerilii Castelnau, 1873 (Southern fiddler ray) Trygonorrhina fasciata J. P. Müller & Henle, 1841 (Eastern fiddler ray) References Rhinobatidae Taxa named by Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle", "title": "Fiddler ray" }, { "docid": "69521002", "text": "Research4Impact is a U.S. based nonprofit organization that matches academic researchers with practitioners so that they might work together on pressing problems in both private and public spheres. Background Researchers, practitioners, and policymakers often want to collaborate with each other to better understand and solve problems of mutual concern (e.g., poverty, economic development, climate change, land use, environmental challenges, voter engagement), but they are part of distinct social networks and do not always know how to find or relate to one another. After hearing about these challenges, Adam Seth Levine, Jake Bowers, and Donald Green established Research4Impact in 2017 with the aim of fostering both informal and formal collaborations, launching the organization's website in February 2018. Activities Matchmaking Research4Impact leverages an evidence-based approach to matchmaking called the Research Impact Through Matchmaking (RITM) method. RITM is based on organizational diversity and emphasizes relationship building in addition to information sharing and has also been adopted by Scholars Strategy Network chapters. In the case of Research4Impact, individuals may contact the organization and ask to be matched with peers. Volunteer staff members then provide a matchmaking service based on responses to anonymized blurbs shared in the organization's newsletter. As of 2021, Research4Impact has generated more than 300 matches. Research Sharing what Research4Impact has learned about facilitating relationships between researchers and practitioners is one of the organization's main goals and activities. This is done through articles, one page briefs, impact stories, and peer reviewed publications. Workshops Research4Impact offers workshops for participants who want to learn how to establish and build collaborations. External links Research4Impact References Sociological organizations Social sciences organizations Professional associations based in the United States", "title": "Research4Impact" }, { "docid": "20762270", "text": "The Tennessee Ramblers were an American old-time string band originally consisting of William \"Fiddlin' Bill\" Sievers (1875–1954) on fiddle, his son James \"Mack\" Sievers on banjo and vocals, daughter Willie Sievers (1909–1998) on guitar, and cousin Walter McKinney (d. 1960) on steel guitar. The band was one of the most popular performing groups in East Tennessee during the 1920s through the 1940s, gaining initial fame as a backing band in fiddle contests held at Market Hall in Knoxville, Tennessee, and later performing at fairs and other gatherings around the eastern United States. They recorded several sides for Brunswick/Vocalion in 1928 and 1929, which were issued on the Vocalion label. After the death of William Sievers in 1954, siblings James and Willie formed a Hawaiian music group known as Mack's Novelty Hawaiians. Willie Sievers' guitar solos recorded with the band in 1928 and 1929 are among the first by a female lead guitarist in Country music. Origins William Sievers (the name is sometimes spelled \"Seivers\") was born in Elza, Tennessee (now part of Oak Ridge) in 1875 and worked as a barber in nearby Clinton, where James and Willie were born in 1904 and 1909, respectively. William's grandfather and mother had been fiddle players, and his children later recalled that most everyone in the family played an instrument of some sort. William's wife, Myrtle McKinney, occasionally sang with the band in its early years. Aside from his parents, William's influences included an obscure Knoxville fiddle player known as \"Old Bill\" Jones (Georgia fiddler Earl Johnson also claimed Jones as an influence) and a Knoxville blues group known as the \"Kinser Brothers.\" James Sievers began playing banjo with his cousin, Walter McKinney, in 1913, and learned much of his technique from a north Anderson County banjo player named Steve Cole. Willie initially took piano lessons, but quit after her instructor told her she would only learn an instrument by \"playing it by ear.\" She took up guitar shortly thereafter, and would later go on to win several contests. Within a few years, James and his sister Willie were playing at school assemblies. The two developed what would become a lifelong interest in Hawaiian music during this period, at the same time learning old-time music their father taught them. Career William Sievers and his two children formed the Tennessee Ramblers in 1922. Walter McKinney typically appeared with the band playing steel guitar or Hawaiian guitar. James chose the name \"Tennessee Ramblers\" one night while they were driving to a show in Virginia. Throughout the 1920s, the band played at various venues across the eastern United States. They appeared on numerous radio stations, including WNOK in Knoxville, WLW in Cincinnati, and WFJC in Akron. At the fiddler conventions held by Frank Murphy at Market Hall in Knoxville, the Tennessee Ramblers were often paired with fiddlers Charlie Bowman and Earl Johnson. In February 1928, the Tennessee Ramblers recorded their first record at a Brunswick session in Ashland, Kentucky. The recordings included \"Cackling Pullet,\" which is", "title": "Tennessee Ramblers (Tennessee band)" }, { "docid": "20669460", "text": "John L. \"Bunt\" Stephens (February 2, 1879 — May 25, 1951), known as Uncle Bunt, was an American Old-time fiddle player. After rising from relative obscurity in 1926 to win a nationwide fiddle contest hosted by automobile magnate Henry Ford, Stephens went on to record several tracks for Columbia Records and made several guest appearances on what would later become the Grand Ole Opry in Nashville before retiring to his farm near Lynchburg, Tennessee. His style of fiddle playing is believed to resemble a style that was popular before the American Civil War. Life Early life Stephens was born in Bedford County, Tennessee on February 2, 1879 (although some sources suggest he was older). He was orphaned at a young age and raised by his aunt in Flatcreek, a small community located about halfway between Lynchburg and Shelbyville. When he was 11, he bought a fiddle from a tramp, and taught himself how to play. He began performing at local square dances in 1896, and played regularly at various events throughout the early 1900s. Over the years, Stephens' repertoire grew to include folk tunes such as \"Sail Away Lady\", \"The Arkansas Traveler\", and \"Mississippi Sawyer.\" Others included \"Candy Girl\", \"Left in the Dark Blues\", and \"Louisburg Blues\", all of which he later recorded. His favorite tune was probably \"Old Hen Cackled,\" which is believed to have won him the blue ribbon at the Ford fiddlers' contest in 1926. The Ford contest In early 1926, Ford Motor Company executives attempted to improve sales by capitalizing on the phenomenal media success of Maine fiddler Mellie Dunham's visit in December 1925 to Henry Ford and in the thousands who came to a Tuesday evening appearance at a Detroit ballroom of Ford's own old-time dance orchestra. During the second week of January, the orchestra broadcast from the Ford showroom on Broadway in New York. An experimental network of radio stations around the country was organized. Local Ford dealers were to participate by getting loudspeakers and inviting the public in to dance to the broadcasts. The two broadcasts were on Tuesday and Friday. However, the Cincinnati station did not operate on Friday. To get around this situation, Ford dealers in Kentucky quickly organized fiddlers' contests, as did those in Tennessee and southern Indiana, all areas covered by the Cincinnati station. After capturing first prize at the Ford dealership in Lynchburg, Stephens proceeded to the Tennessee statewide contest in Nashville, which began on the morning of January 19, 1926. Stephens survived the first round of the state contest, and with five other finalists, was selected to play at a sold-out Ryman Auditorium that night to decide which three fiddlers the state would send to the Southeast regional contest. Stephens won third place behind Uncle Jimmy Thompson and a one-armed fiddler from Hartsville named Marshall Claiborne. The \"Champion of Dixie\" contest took place at Brown Theatre in Louisville, Kentucky on January 26–27, 1926. The three finalists from Tennessee competed against three finalists from Kentucky and two from", "title": "Bunt Stephens" }, { "docid": "24837547", "text": "Cannonball Adderley's Fiddler on the Roof is an album by jazz saxophonist Cannonball Adderley released on the Capitol label featuring performances of material from the Broadway musical Fiddler on the Roof by Adderley with Nat Adderley, Charles Lloyd, Joe Zawinul, Sam Jones and Louis Hayes. Reception The Allmusic review by Scott Yanow and Tim Sendra awarded the album 4 stars and states \"Cannonball plays near his peak; this is certainly the finest album by this particular sextet\". The Penguin Guide to Jazz described the album as \"not revelatory but very entertaining\". Track listing All compositions by Jerry Bock & Sheldon Harnick except as indicated \"Fiddler on the Roof\" - 7:22 \"To Life\" - 5:06 \"Sabbath Prayer\" - 3:19 \"Chavalah\" - 2:56 \"Sewing Machine\" - 3:34 \"Now I Have Everything\" - 4:10 \"Do You Love Me?\" - 5:02 \"Matchmaker, Matchmaker\" - 5:33 \"Sweet Georgia Bright\" (Charles Lloyd) - 5:36 Bonus track on CD reissue \"Island Blues\" (Lloyd) - 2:24 Bonus track on CD reissue \"Little Boy With the Sad Eyes\" (Julian \"Cannonball\" Adderley) - 2:26 Bonus track on CD reissue \"Goodbye Charlie\" (Dory Langdon, André Previn) - 2:55 Recorded in New York City, NY on September 8 (tracks 9-12) and October 19 & 21 (all other tracks), 1964 The spelling of track four for the play is \"Chavaleh\". Personnel Cannonball Adderley - alto saxophone Nat Adderley - cornet Charles Lloyd - tenor saxophone, flute Joe Zawinul - piano Sam Jones - bass Louis Hayes - drums References 1964 albums Capitol Records albums Cannonball Adderley albums Albums produced by David Axelrod (musician)", "title": "Cannonball Adderley's Fiddler on the Roof" }, { "docid": "4924099", "text": "Eighth Day Slice and Fiddlin on Ya Roof are the second album and first album of original songs by the Australian punk rock band Yidcore, released on 13 June 2005 (see 2005 in music). Eighth Day Slice is an album containing Yidcore's first original, composed songs as well as several covers. It includes a cover of Bette Midler's \"Wind Beneath My Wings\" and the track \"Since I Bothered You\" which both received play on Triple J as well as its counterpart music video show Rage. Fiddlin on Ya Roof is a reworking of the musical Fiddler on the Roof. It features guest vocals from Ben Lee, Useless ID, Renée Geyer, Ella Hooper, Handsome Dick Manitoba, The Drugs and Adam Goren (of Atom And His Package). Some of these tracks have previously been released: \"Why Won't Adam Sandler Let Us Do His Song?\" previously appeared on the Chicken Soup Caper and Adam Slander EPs and tracks 3, 7, 15 and 16 previously appeared on the compilation Scrambles: New, Rare, Live and Classic Shtick released on Yidcore's first tour of Israel in 2003. Despite being a double album, the whole package could easily fit on one CD. Track listing Eighth Day Slice \"Pickle Me Screamo\" \"Lakchu Li Et Hachofesh\" (Alon Chason cover) \"Why Won't Adam Sandler Let Us Do His Song?\" \"Wind Beneath My Wings\" (cover of Bette Midler) \"You! Toilet Wall! Me! Marriage!\" \"Motherstrutter\" \"I Wanna Get To Know You in the Biblical Sense\" \"New Rock Is Just Like Old Rock Except Kinda Newer Sort Of\" \"Thank The Lord For Hipster Jeans\" \"Lu Yehi\" (Chava Alberstein cover, written by Naomi Shemer) \"I Will Be So Brief I Have Already Finished\" \"Aware of the Time\" \"Anthem for a Slothocracy\" \"Yoya\" (Poogy cover) \"Especially For You\" \"I Wish I Was More Like Woody Allen Cos My Daughter's A Bit of Alright\" \"Since I Bothered You\" Fiddlin on ya Roof \"Entre Act\" \"Tradition\" \"Matchmaker Matchmaker (An Ode To Natalie Portman)\" \"If I Were A Rich Man\" \"Sabbath Prayer\" \"To Life\" \"Miracle of Miracles\" \"Tevye's Dream\" \"Intermission\" \"Sunrise Sunset\" \"Now I Have Everything\" \"Do You Love Me?\" \"The Rumour\" \"Far From The Home I Love\" \"Chava Ballet Sequence (Little Bird)\" \"Anatevka\" References Yidcore albums 2005 albums Fiddler on the Roof", "title": "Eighth Day Slice/Fiddlin on Ya Roof" }, { "docid": "14184183", "text": "Confessions of a Matchmaker is an American reality television series broadcast by the A&E Network. The show, set in Buffalo, New York, premiered on June 16, 2007 and ran its first thirteen episodes throughout the summer of 2007. There was no second season. This \"pioneering\" show is said to have started the genre that includes The Millionaire Matchmaker. Premise The show which is set in Buffalo, New York, follows real life matchmaker Patti Novak as she tries to set up dates for her clients looking for love. A reviewer in The New York Times described Novak as, \"plainspoken, but not rude, a classic dispenser of tough love.\" Each episode starts with Patti interviewing two new clients and questioning them on various topics, including why they have not been lucky in love in the past. Next, Patti sets up her two new clients with two of her pre-existing clients. Each person goes on their date and the next day they are called by Patti and told to meet with her in her office. Sometimes, if the date goes well Patti tells her clients the good news that their date would like to see them again. If the date goes poorly however, Patti is usually scolding her clients and telling them what they must do the next time to improve. If the first date does go poorly then the person is set up on a second date. If Patti's client does poorly on their date again and fails to improve, then they are usually dropped as a client. Critical reception A reviewer for The Buffalo News pointed out that while the show often humiliated the matchmaker's single, often overweight, and not especially financially successful clients, they were aware of what they were letting themselves in for, and the episodes were often \"laugh-out-loud funny.\" The reviewer for the Associated Press described the show's use of \"real people who have real problems finding someone to love,\" and praised Novak's \"spirit and refreshing honesty.\" Patti Novak Novak was a professional matchmaker in Buffalo, New York. Novak's career as a matchmaking guru continued after the show was terminated. Novak published a book, Get Over Yourself: How to Get Real, Get Serious, and Get Ready to Find True Love, co-authored with Laura Zigman. References External links https://web.archive.org/web/20080108125659/http://www.aetv.com/confessions-of-a-matchmaker/ American dating and relationship reality television series 2007 American television series debuts 2008 American television series endings A&E (TV network) original programming American English-language television shows Television shows set in Buffalo, New York", "title": "Confessions of a Matchmaker" }, { "docid": "73697627", "text": "Aleeza Ben Shalom is an American–Israeli matchmaker, relationship coach, author, and reality television personality. She is prominently featured in the Netflix series Jewish Matchmaking, which follows her attempts at helping Jewish singles in the United States and Israel find love and get married. Matchmaking and relationship coaching In 2012 Shalom founded Marriage Minded Mentor, a global service that provides matchmaking, dating coaching, matchmaker training, dating courses online and pairs Jewish singles with relationship coaches to help them circumvent the hurdles of modern dating. In 2022, the company expanded their services by partnering with JMatchmaking, the Jewish dating service founded by Montreal-based rabbi, Yisroel Bernath. Over the years, Ben Shalom has successfully paired over 200 Jewish singles get married. On March 30, 2023, Netflix announced that, on May 3 of that year, they would be releasing Jewish Matchmaking which follows Ben Shalom in her role as matchmaker, meeting Jewish singles in both the United States and Israel to help them find a life partner. The show forms part of the Netflix Matchmaking Universe and was produced by the creators of their hit series Indian Matchmaking. Authorship and media In 2013 Shalom published Get Real Get Married, which focuses on helping singles find their soulmate through intense self-reflection and assessment of values. In 2020, she published Virtual Dating: Your Guide to a Relationship in a Socially Distanced World, which grappled with the challenges that singles were facing during the COVID-19 pandemic in their journey to find love. In December 2022 Shalom began a weekly podcast \"Matchmaker, Matchmaker\" with Rabbi Yisroel Bernath, where they discuss dating, love, and matchmaking. She started another podcast in March 2023, called The Yentas, which she co-hosts with fellow matchmakers Michal Naisteter and Danielle Selber, answering listener questions about dating. In 2017 she was featured on season 1, episode 5 of the American Jewish comedy series, Soon By You. She is a featured columnist for Aish, and has published articles in both the HuffPost and The Times of Israel. She has also been featured on NPR and BBC World News. Personal life Ben Shalom was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She holds a bachelor's degree in interdisciplinary studies from the University of Pittsburgh. In an interview with the Jewish Journal, Ben Shalom shared that she does not own a television. In 2021 Shalom moved to Pardes-Hanna, Israel, with her husband, five children, and family dog, Koda the Kelev. See also Tova Weinberg References Matchmakers 21st-century American writers American podcasters University of Pittsburgh alumni American television personalities Living people Year of birth missing (living people) Aliyah", "title": "Aleeza Ben Shalom" }, { "docid": "469841", "text": "A matchmaker, or marriage broker, is a person who engages in matchmaking, sometimes as a profession. Matchmaker or The Matchmaker may also refer to: Films and television Feature films The Matchmaker (1934 film), an Italian comedy film directed by Amleto Palermi The Matchmaker (1958 film), a 1958 film starring Shirley Booth The Matchmaker (1997 film), a 1997 film starring Janeane Garofalo The Matchmaker (2010 film), a 2010 Israeli film The Matchmaker (2018 film), a short drama film directed by Leonora Pitts Television Matchmaker (game show), a late-80's dating show Matchmaker, an English-language Canadian television series Svaty, a Ukrainian TV series \"Matchmaker\" (How I Met Your Mother), a 2005 episode of the situation comedy How I Met Your Mother \"The Matchmaker\" (Frasier), a 1994 episode of the situation comedy Frasier Other uses “Matchmaker, Matchmaker”, a 1964 song from the musical Fiddler on the Roof The Matchmaker, a 1955 play by Thornton Wilder The Matchmaker (painting), a 1625 painting by Gerard van Honthorst Matchmaker, a 1975 play by John B. Keane Matchmakers, an elongated confectionery snack The Matchmakers (TV series), a 2023 South Korean television series \"Matchmaker\", a song by Hailey Blais on the 2023 album Wisecrack See also Matchmaking, the process of matching two or more people together Matchmaker.com, an internet dating service", "title": "Matchmaker" }, { "docid": "3739310", "text": "Medicine Head were a British blues rock band – initially a duo – active in the 1970s. Their biggest single success was in 1973 with \"One and One Is One\", which reached number 3 on the UK Singles Chart. The group recorded six original albums, the first three of which were released by John Peel's Dandelion label. Main personnel For most of its career, the group was a duo comprising: John Fiddler (born 25 September 1947, the Moxley area of Darlaston, Staffordshire, England) – (vocalist, guitarist, pianist and drummer) Peter Hope-Evans (born 28 September 1947, Brecon, Powys, Wales) – (harmonica, Jew's harp, guitarist, and mouthbow player). At various stages, the band used the following musicians: Laurence Archer, Clive Edwards, Keith Relf, Tony Ashton, Roger Saunders, George Ford, John Davies, Rob Townsend and Morgan Fisher. Career Fiddler and Hope-Evans met while attending Wednesfield Grammar School, Wolverhampton and later Stafford Art School, only to then quit, and began performing together on an informal basis. In or around 1968, they began performing the blues and rock and roll songs in pubs and clubs in and around Birmingham. Radio DJ John Peel saw Fiddler and Hope-Evans perform at the Lafayette Club and later shared their music with John Lennon, Eric Clapton and Pete Townshend. At Lennon's insistence, the duo was signed by Dandelion Records. The demo recording of \"His Guiding Hand\" was released as a single, Peel describing it as \"the cheapest single ever made and one of the classic records of all time\" and keeping the single in his box of most treasured records. The duo's first album, New Bottles Old Medicine, was recorded in a single two-hour session, and they toured with Peel at many of his gigs, Peel paying them out of his own fee. Their second album, Heavy on the Drum, was recorded with Keith Relf, formerly of The Yardbirds, as producer. The single \"(And The) Pictures in the Sky\" rose to number 22 on the UK Singles Chart in 1971. This was not included on Heavy on the Drum, but was added to CD reissues of their debut, New Bottles Old Medicine. \"(And The) Pictures in the Sky\" was the first hit on the Dandelion label. Hope-Evans left the band for over a year, and Fiddler, Relf (on bass), and drummer John Davies recorded the band's third album and last on Dandelion, Dark Side of the Moon. It was released in 1972, the year before the Pink Floyd album of the same name. According to Nicholas Schaffner, Pink Floyd briefly changed the name of their piece (which they were already performing live), to Eclipse, until the Medicine Head album turned out to be \"a commercial dud\". The track \"Only To Do What Is True\" appeared on the 1972 compilation, There Is Some Fun Going Forward. Medicine Head signed for Polydor Records, and Hope-Evans returned for the album One & One Is One, produced by Tony Ashton and recorded with various session musicians. The title track became the band's biggest", "title": "Medicine Head" }, { "docid": "324767", "text": "Carafano v. Metrosplash.com, Inc., 339 F.3d 1119 (9th Cir. 2003), is an American legal case dealing with the protection provided an internet service provider under the Communications Decency Act (CDA) United States Code Title 47 section 230(c)(1). It is also known as the Star Trek actress case as the plaintiff, Chase Masterson – whose legal name is Christianne Carafano – is well known for having appeared on Star Trek: Deep Space Nine. The case demonstrated that the use of an online form with some multiple choice selections does not override the protections against liability for the actions of users or anonymous members of a Web-based service. Facts A man in Berlin created a bogus matchmaking profile for Masterson on Matchmaker.com, an online dating service. In the profile, the name \"Chase\" was used, along with her photograph and home address (even though home addresses are not allowed under Matchmaker.com policies). The man also used a Yahoo! email autoresponder in the profile to provide her physical address and telephone number in response to queries. Masterson requested that Matchmaker remove the profile; they initially refused on the basis that only a profile's creator could request its removal. After pressure from Masterson, Matchmaker ultimately agreed and removed the profile two days later. However, during the time that the profile remained online, Masterson received several sexually harassing voice mail messages and a fax which she found \"highly threatening and sexually explicit\" and \"that also threatened her son\". To protect herself, Masterson fled her home, living in hotels and traveling with her son for several months. History Due to Matchmaker's initial refusal to remove the profile after they had been made aware of its existence, Masterson sued the company in California state court on the grounds of defamation of character, misappropriation of the right of publicity, invasion of privacy and negligence. The defendants removed the case to federal district court and brought a motion for summary judgment. The district court judge not only rejected the claim for the service provider immunity under the CDA, but Masterson's claims sounding in tort were also thrown out by the court as the service provider had not acted in any willful manner against Masterson and the court found that no duty of care existed between the service provider and Masterson. See Carafano v. Metrosplash.com Inc., 207 F. Supp. 2d 1055 (C.D. Cal. 2002). Masterson appealed to the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. The appellate court rejected the plaintiff's argument and found no liability on the part of Matchmaker. The court found that Matchmaker is not an \"information content provider,\" but rather an \"interactive computer service\" which allows the public to post information on its Web site. Under the Communications Decency Act, \"interactive computer services\" do not incur liability because users create the actual content. Thus liability rests with the underlying contributor, not the interactive computer service. References External links Text of the Opinion (PDF) from Internet Library of Law and Court Decisions District Court decision Official Chase Masterson web site", "title": "Carafano v. Metrosplash.com, Inc." }, { "docid": "3793688", "text": "Forbidden Broadway: Special Victims Unit (Forbidden Broadway: SVU for short) is the ninth incarnation of Gerard Alessandrini's musical revue which ran Off-Broadway from 2004 to 2007. Production Forbidden Broadway: Special Victims Unit opened on December 16, 2004 at the Douglas Fairbanks Theatre, closed on May 29, 2005 and reopened at the 47th Street Theatre on June 24, 2005, finally closing on April 15, 2007. The \"Forbidden Broadway\" series entered its twenty-fifth year running off-Broadway. The show was conceived, created and written by Alessandrini and is co-directed by Alessandrini and Phillip George. George also contributes some of the parody ideas and sketches. The revue continues the series' tradition of spoofing contemporary Broadway shows and personalities, including the shows Thoroughly Modern Millie, Hairspray, Wicked, Avenue Q, Cabaret, Fiddler on the Roof, La Cage aux Folles, and Bombay Dreams, and personalities Christina Applegate, Robert Goulet, Cherry Jones, and Kathleen Turner. Cast Ron Bohmer Jason Mills Megan Lewis Jennifer Simard Jeanne Montano David Caldwell (piano) This cast is featured on the show's accompanying album of the same title, the eighth volume in the series. The album also features a guest appearance by Christine Pedi. CD tracks Source for song list:Amazon The songs on the Original Cast album are listed below, with the song they parody and the original composer. 01 \"The Crime Scene\" - Thirty Years Old Tomorrow (\"Tomorrow\", Charnin- Strouse); On Broadway (\"On Broadway\") 02 \"Forbidden Broadway: Special Victims Unit\" (rewrite of Forbidden Broadway, Volume 2\", Alessandrini) 03 \"Bombay Wet Dreams\" - The Lullaby of Bombay (\"The Lullaby of Broadway\", Warren- Dubin); Hooray for Bollywood (\"Hooray for Hollywood\") 04 \"You Gotta Get a Puppet\" (\"You Gotta Get a Gimmick\", Sondheim) 05 \"It Sucks to be Us\" (\"It Sucks to be Me\") 06 \"Thoroughly Perky Millie\" (\"Thoroughly Modern Millie\") 07 \"Movin' Out\" (\"My Life\", Joel) 08 \"Night Mother\" (\"That's Amore\"); (\"Ma, He's Making Eyes at Me\") 09 \"Welcome to the Tonys (\"Welcome to the Sixties\") 10 \"The Boy Who's Odd\" (\"I Go To Rio\"); (\"Everything Old is New Again\") 11 \"I Love Patti\" (\"I Love Paris\") 12 \"Das Mel Brooks Song\" (\"Haben Sie Gehört das Deutsche Band?\", Brooks) 13 \"Wickeder\" - Glad that You're Popular (\"Popular\", Schwartz); Defying Chenoweth (\"Defying Gravity\", Schwartz) 14 \"No Leading Lady Tonight\" (\"Luck be a Lady Tonight\", Loesser) 15 \"Forbidden Assassins\" (\"Unworthy of Your Love\", Sondheim) 16 \"Julie Andrews Hosts PBS- The American Musical: The Next Hundred Years\" (\"Do- Re- Mi\", Rodgers- Hammerstein); (\"Fun, Fun, Fun\") 17 \"I Am My Own Cast\" (\"Wilkommen\", Kander- Ebb) 18 \"Mamma Mia- \"Dancing Queen\" 19 \"Fiddler with no Jew\" - Direction (\"Tradition\", Bock- Harnick); Cashmaker (\"Matchmaker\", Bock- Harnick); (\"Sabbath Prayer\", Bock- Harnick) 20 \"Harvey Fierstein as Tevye\" (\"If I Were a Rich Man\", Bock- Harnick) 21 \"Bernadette Peters in Gypsy\" (\"Rose's Turn\", Styne- Sondheim) 22 \"Ethel Merman & Friends\" (\"There's No Business Like Show Business\", Berlin) 23 Encore: \"La Cage Aw Full\" - \"La Cage Aw Full\" (\"La Cage Aux Folles\", Herman); \"The Golden Age\" (\"The Best of Times\", Herman) See also Forbidden", "title": "Forbidden Broadway: Special Victims Unit" }, { "docid": "30683697", "text": "Huan Xi Popo Qiao Xifu, also known by its literal English title Happy Mother-in-Law, Pretty Daughter-in-Law, is a Chinese television comedy-drama serial created by Yu Zheng. The drama is a produced by Yu Zheng Workshop and Zijun Brilliance, directed by Yeung Chi-kin and Zhou Jiawen, and features cast members from both Mainland China and Hong Kong. The drama originally broadcast in 33 episodes (though 35 episodes were produced) on Shenzhen TV from October 10 to 20, 2010, airing three consecutive episodes a night. Taiwan's China Television (CTV) aired the drama one episode per night, starting from December 8, 2010. Southern China's Guangdong Television debuted the drama on January 26, 2011, airing in double episodes per night. Shanxi Television debuted the drama on January 29, 2011, and the drama began airing on Jiangsu Television (JSTV) starting February 3, 2011. Hong Kong's i-Cable Entertainment Channel aired the Cantonese dubbed version starting January 31, 2011, renaming the title to 8 Stars (八星報喜賜良緣) due to its Lunar New Year time slot. The story takes place in an unnamed Chinese city during the early 1900s, a few years after the establishment of the Republic of China. Ma Linglong (Kingdom Yuen), an ex-princess of the fallen Qing Dynasty, is forced to take up a matchmaking profession to raise her three sons (Hawick Lau, Mickey He, Gao Hao) after her husband left her for another woman. As her three sons grow older, she prepares to find wives with them through matchmaking, but none of them worked through. Plot Ma Linglong, a professional matchmaker and an ex-princess of the fallen Qing Dynasty, is choosy when picking wives for her three sons. She wants her first son, Changsheng, to marry an intelligent and hardworking wife, but he falls in love with the money-lover Manguan. Linglong's second son, Changhuan, is bright and witty, and she has hopes for him to marry an elegant and clever wife, but Changhuan is attracted to the naïve ex-convict Jinyu. The youngest son, Changjun, is educated in the west. Linglong hopes Changjun's educated background will bring honor to the family, but Changjun wants to marry the family's matchmaking apprentice Bajie, who is three years his senior. Although her three daughters-in-law are not what she expected, she nonetheless tries her best to correct their flaws, winning the respect of her children. Characters Kingdom Yuen (voice by Doris Wang) as Ma Linglong Myolie Wu (voice by Su Boli) as Qian Manguan Shirley Dai (voice by Gui Guanlin) as Tong Jinyu Hawick Lau (voice by Jiang Guangtao) as Tie Changsheng Mickey He (voice by Chen Hao) as Tie Changhuan Yang Rong (voice by Zhang Kai) as Zhu Bajie Gao Hao (voice by Zhang Jie) as Tie Changjun Li Sha as Yumi Cheung Tat-ming as Qian Yingjun Li Qingqing as Jia Miaotiao Nie Xin as Teng Xiulian Chen Xiao as Guo Xiaotian Mei Lina as Hong Liu Jiayuan as Bai Tang Jing as Lan Tong Liya (voice by Ma Haiyan) as Xilan Richard Ng (voice by Han Tongsheng) as", "title": "Happy Mother-in-Law, Pretty Daughter-in-Law" } ]	[ "Yente" ]
train_21964	what is the name of the roman god of war	[ { "docid": "26608926", "text": "The planet Mars is named after the Roman god of war Mars. In Babylonian astronomy, the planet was named after Nergal, their deity of fire, war, and destruction, most likely due to the planet's reddish appearance. Whether the Greeks equated Nergal with their god of war, Ares, or whether both drew from a more ancient association is unclear. In the age of Plato, the Greeks called the planet Ἄρεως ἀστἡρ (Areos aster), or \"star of Ares\". Following the identification of Ares and Mars, it was translated into Latin as stella Martis, or \"star of Mars\", or simply Mars. The Hellenistic Greeks also called the planet Πυρόεις Pyroeis, meaning \"fiery\". In the Skanda Purana, a Hindu religious text, Mars is known as the deity Mangala (मंगल) and was born from the sweat of Shiva. The planet is called Angaraka in Sanskrit, after the celibate god of war who possesses the signs of Aries and Scorpio, and teaches the occult sciences. The planet was known by the ancient Egyptians as \"Horus of the Horizon\", then later Her Deshur (\"Ḥr Dšr\"), or \"Horus the Red\". The Hebrews named it Ma'adim (מאדים) — \"the one who blushes\"; this is where one of the largest canyons on Mars, the Ma'adim Vallis, gets its name. The Sinosphere cultures refer to the planet as 火星, or the fire star, a name based on the ancient Chinese mythological cycle of Five elements. In ancient China, the advent of Mars was taken as a portent for \"bane, grief, war and murder\". Its symbol, derived from Roman mythology, is a circle with a small arrow pointing out from behind. It is a stylized representation of a shield and spear used by the Roman God Mars. The modern symbol was first found to be written in Byzantine Greek manuscripts dated from the late Middle Ages. Mars in Roman mythology was the God of War and patron of warriors. This symbol is also used in biology to describe the male sex, and in alchemy to symbolise the element iron which was considered to be dominated by Mars whose characteristic red colour is coincidentally due to iron oxide. ♂ occupies Unicode position U+2642. Intelligent \"Martians\" The popular idea that Mars was populated by intelligent Martians exploded in the late 19th century. Schiaparelli's \"canali\" observations combined with Percival Lowell's books on the subject put forward the standard notion of a planet that was a drying, cooling, dying world with ancient civilizations constructing irrigation works. Many other observations and proclamations by notable personalities added to what has been termed \"Mars Fever\". In 1899 while investigating atmospheric radio noise using his receivers in his Colorado Springs lab, inventor Nikola Tesla observed repetitive signals that he later surmised might have been radio communications coming from another planet, possibly Mars. In a 1901 interview Tesla said: It was some time afterward when the thought flashed upon my mind that the disturbances I had observed might be due to an intelligent control. Although I could not decipher their meaning,", "title": "Mars in culture" }, { "docid": "520101", "text": "Lusitanian mythology is the mythology of the Lusitanians, an Indo-European speaking people of western Iberia, in what was then known as Lusitania. In present times, the territory comprises the central part of Portugal and small parts of Extremadura and Salamanca. Lusitanian deities heavily influenced all of the religious practices in western Iberia, including Gallaecia as well. Lusitanian beliefs and practices intermingled with those of Roman deities after Lusitania was conquered. Recently, a Vasconian substrate is starting to be recognized. Deities Main pantheon Through the Gallaecian-Roman inscriptions, a great pantheon of Gallaecian deities begins to emerge, sharing cults with other Celtic or Celticized peoples in the Iberian Peninsula, such as Astur — especially the more Western — or Lusitanian, but also the Gauls and Britons among others. However, because the borders shifted numerous times and Lusitanians and Gallaecians were often referred to as one people, it is relevant to note that some of the so-called Gallaecian or Lusitanian deities had the same names. Of particular importance and popularity, especially following the Roman conquest, were a number of deities among whom were Endovelicus, Ataegina, Nabia and Trebaruna. Bandua or Bandi: their name appears in numerous dedications, mostly to a male deity (exceptionally, female in one), and often linked to a town or a location (e.g., Bandua Roudaeco, Etobrico or Brealiacui). The deity was probably the protector of the local community, often associated with the Roman Mars - possibly as the Gallaecian god of war - and in one dedication is considered a god or goddess of the Vexillum or standard. Appears to have enjoyed great success among the Gallaeci of Braga. Berobreus: god of the Otherworld and beyond. The largest shrine dedicated to Berobreo documented until now, stood in the fort of the Torch of Donón (Cangas), in the Morrazo's Peninsula, front of the Cíes Islands. Bormanicus: god of hot springs similar to the Gaulish god, Bormanus. Nabia: may have been two separate deities, one invoked in tandem with Jupiter, possibly as the consort of the local Lusitanian equivalent; and another identified with Diana, Juno or Victoria (and Roman deities), linked to the protection and defense of the community or health, wealth and fertility. She was also associated with earth and sacred springs, possibly as the deity of water, fountains and rivers. Her name still endures in Galicia and Portugal, such as river Navia, and the Idol Fountain, located in northern Portugal. Cossus, warrior god, who attained great popularity among the Southern Gallaeci, was one of the most revered gods in ancient Gallaecia. Several authors suggest that Cosso and Bandua are the same God under different names. Reue - Krzysztof Tomasz Witczak suggests he may be the equivalent of the Roman Iovis or Jupiter, both names ultimately deriving from Proto-Indo-European diewo-. Lugus, or Lucubo, linked to prosperity, trade and craft occupations. His figure is associated with the spear. It is one of gods most common among the Celts and many, many place names derived from it throughout Europe Celtic Galicia (Galicia Lucus", "title": "Lusitanian mythology" }, { "docid": "2485601", "text": "The Equirria (also as Ecurria, from equicurria, \"horse races\") were two ancient Roman festivals of chariot racing, or perhaps horseback racing, held in honor of the god Mars, one 27 February and the other 14 March. Site The Equirria took place in the Campus Martius outside the sacred boundary of Rome (pomerium). The exact course is debated: perhaps near the Altar of Mars in the campus; or on the Tarentum, the site of the ludi tarentini, which became the Saecular Games; or the Trigarium. When the Tiber flooded, the Equirria were transferred to the Campus Martialis on the Caelian Hill, a field without permanent structures. On the calendar The Equirria were said to have been founded by Romulus, the son of Mars. Both appear on the oldest Roman calendars inscribed on stone. The Equirria are part of what Michael Lipka calls \"temporal focalization\" in the Roman conception of deity. The festivals of Mars—the 27 February Equirria, a feria on the Kalends of March (a day sacred also to his mother Juno), Agonalia 17 March, Tubilustrium 23 March, the ritual of the October Horse 15 October, and Armilustrium 19 October—cluster at his namesake month (Latin Martius), except for festivals of Mars in October to close the military campaigning season. In the earliest form of the calendar, the year began with March, and thus the 27 February Equirria originally preceded New Year's Day, and was the last festival for Mars of the year. The 14 March Equirria occurs the day before the Ides, when the Roman people celebrated the feast of Anna Perenna, whose name expresses her role as a goddess of the year (Latin annus; cf. English \"perennial\"). The March Equirria and the Regifugium (\"King's Flight\") are the only such festivals to fall on an even-numbered date. Despite scholarly efforts, no explanation for this displacement has found wide acceptance. Georg Wissowa thought the March Equirria had originally occurred on the Ides, and was moved up a day because of conflicts among religious events concentrated around this ritually fraught time; an alternate view is that it was placed \"at some convenient day\" between the Nones and the Ides. At any rate, the horse races framed the ritual turn of the year, and the difficulties of the placement of the two Equirria arise from changes made to the calendar, when January became the first month. Significance Originally, the Equirria may have featured races on horseback, like the archaic festivals of the Consualia and Taurian Games, rather than chariot races. The gods of the underworld (di inferi) were characteristically propitiated by horse racing in the Campus Martius with \"old and obscure\" festivals such as the Consualia, at sites including the Tarentum and the Trigarium. Hendrik Wagenvoort speculated that the archaic Mars \"had been imagined as the god of death and the underworld in the shape of a horse.\" William Warde Fowler understood the Equirria as \"lustrations of the horse\" for the army. They occur during what most scholars see as a general \"war festival\"", "title": "Equirria" }, { "docid": "85700", "text": "In Etruscan mythology and religion, Laran (or Larun) is the god of war. In art, he was portrayed as a naked youth wearing a helmet, a cuirass and carrying a spear, shield, or lance. Laran also appears to be an underworld god. Among his attributes is his responsibility to maintain peace. According to some scholars, he also seems to have been the guardian of boundaries as shown by the boundary cippi found in Bettona with the inscriptions tular Larna and tular larns. Along with eight other Etruscan gods, he can wield lightning. Due to the Tabula Capuana we know that the Laran festival was celebrated on the Ides of May. Laran is the Etruscan equivalent of the Greek Ares and the Roman Mars. Like many other Etruscan gods, his name is gender neutral. Previous scholarship thought that Marís, a mysterious figure(s) was the Etruscan god of war due to the similarity of the name to the Roman war god Mars. However, that has been disproven and Laran has been identified as the Etruscan god of war. Laran was also shown in the company of another Etruscan god, Lurs. The two names were associated with each other since the archaic period. Worship Evidence shows that Etruscan deities could be prepared meals by priests for the gods in utilitarian ware. An inscription states found implies that meals were prepared in his honour. Inscriptions have been found showing evidence of cult worship of Laran. One description states that the person offering the vase belonged is that of Lurs, who of which is of Laran. Due to the Tabula Capuana we know that the festival of Laran was celebrated on the Ides of May. The Tabula Capuana also contains a variant in spelling of Laran’s name: Larun. Scenes from Etruscan Art Laran may be recognized in Etruscan art from his attributes, or is sometimes identified by his name. Since Etruscan literature has not survived, the meaning of the scenes in which he appears can only be interpreted by comparison to Greek and Roman myths, through information about Etruscan myths preserved by Greek and Latin literature, or through conjectural reconstructions based on other Etruscan representations. Laran appears with Turms and a youthful, long haired Tinia on a mirror from Orvieto, Settecamini. He is shown with a spear and with his hand over a shield, with a sun like motif on it. A scene on an Etruscan mirror shows Leinth, Turan, Menrva, Laran, and two Mariś babies. He stands behind Menrva, holding a spear and wearing a mantle. He fights against the giant Celsclan, the son of the earth goddess Cel on a mirror from Populonia in Florence. Inscriptions A 5th century BCE vase from a sanctuary near a bridge at San Giovenale states has been identified showing a connection between the two gods Lurs and Laran: mi l[urs l]aruniθla ‘I (am) of Lurs that of Larun (lurs laruniθa)’ See also Turan Mars Ares Etruscan mythology Etruscan Religion References Etruscan gods Etruscan religion War gods Martian", "title": "Laran" }, { "docid": "2041", "text": "Ares (; , Árēs ) is the Greek god of war and courage. He is one of the Twelve Olympians, and the son of Zeus and Hera. The Greeks were ambivalent towards him. He embodies the physical valor necessary for success in war but can also personify sheer brutality and bloodlust, in contrast to his sister Athena, whose martial functions include military strategy and generalship. An association with Ares endows places, objects, and other deities with a savage, dangerous, or militarized quality. Although Ares' name shows his origins as Mycenaean, his reputation for savagery was thought by some to reflect his likely origins as a Thracian deity. Some cities in Greece and several in Asia Minor held annual festivals to bind and detain him as their protector. In parts of Asia Minor, he was an oracular deity. Still further away from Greece, the Scythians were said to ritually kill one in a hundred prisoners of war as an offering to their equivalent of Ares. The later belief that ancient Spartans had offered human sacrifice to Ares may owe more to mythical prehistory, misunderstandings, and reputation than to reality. Though there are many literary allusions to Ares' love affairs and children, he has a limited role in Greek mythology. When he does appear, he is often humiliated. In the Trojan War, Aphrodite, protector of Troy, persuades Ares to take the Trojans' side. The Trojans lose, while Ares' sister Athena helps the Greeks to victory. Most famously, when the craftsman-god Hephaestus discovers his wife Aphrodite is having an affair with Ares, he traps the lovers in a net and exposes them to the ridicule of the other gods. Ares' nearest counterpart in Roman religion is Mars, who was given a more important and dignified place in ancient Roman religion as ancestral protector of the Roman people and state. During the Hellenization of Latin literature, the myths of Ares were reinterpreted by Roman writers under the name of Mars, and in later Western art and literature, the mythology of the two figures became virtually indistinguishable. Names The etymology of the name Ares is traditionally connected with the Greek word (arē), the Ionic form of the Doric (ara), \"bane, ruin, curse, imprecation\". Walter Burkert notes that \"Ares is apparently an ancient abstract noun meaning throng of battle, war.\" R. S. P. Beekes has suggested a Pre-Greek origin of the name. The earliest attested form of the name is the Mycenaean Greek , a-re, written in the Linear B syllabic script. The adjectival epithet, Areios (\"warlike\") was frequently appended to the names of other gods when they took on a warrior aspect or became involved in warfare: Zeus Areios, Athena Areia, even Aphrodite Areia (\"Aphrodite within Ares\" or \"feminine Ares\"), who was warlike, fully armoured and armed, partnered with Athena in Sparta, and represented at Kythira's temple to Aphrodite Urania. In the Iliad, the word ares is used as a common noun synonymous with \"battle.\" In the Classical period, Ares is given the epithet Enyalios,", "title": "Ares" }, { "docid": "3455768", "text": "is the practice by the Germanic peoples of identifying Roman gods with the names of Germanic deities. According to University of Bonn philologist Rudolf Simek, this occurred around the 1st century AD, when both cultures came into closer contact. Names of days of the week Some evidence for exists in the Germanic translations of the Roman names for the days of the week from Roman deities into names of approximately equivalent Germanic deities: Sunday, the day of Sunnǭ (, Sól; ; ), the sun (as female), was earlier the day of Sol, the sun (as male) Monday, the day of Mēnô (Máni; Mōna; Māno), the moon (as male), was earlier the day of Luna, the moon (as female) Tuesday, the day of Tīwaz (Týr; Tīw; Ziu), was earlier the day of Mars, god of war Wednesday, the day of Wōdanaz (Odin, Óðinn; Wōden; Wuotan), was earlier the day of Mercury, god of travelers and eloquence Thursday, the day of Þunraz (Thor, Þórr; Þunor; Donar), was earlier the day of Jupiter, god of thunder. The name is derived from Old English þunresdæg and Middle English Thuresday (with loss of -n-, first in northern dialects, from influence of Old Norse Þórsdagr), meaning \"Thor's Day\", after the Norse god of Thunder, Thor. The hammer-wielding Þunraz may elsewhere appear identified with the club-wielding Hercules Friday, the day of Frijjō (Frigg; Frīg; Frīja), was earlier the day of Venus, goddess of love In most of the Romance languages, which derive from Latin, days of the week still preserve the names of the original Roman deities, such as the Italian for Tuesday, martedì (from the Latin Martis dies). The one exception to the use of Germanic gods is Saturday, which retains the name of a foreign god, possibly because there was no obvious Germanic substitute. The name of the day is associated with Saturn in many West Germanic languages; such as the English \"Saturday\", the West Frisian Saterdei, the Low German Saterdag, and the Dutch zaterdag all meaning Saturn's day. Dissenting view Simek emphasizes the paucity of evidence for a widespread , as opposed to the well-attested opposite interpretatio romana, and notes that comparison with Roman gods is insufficient to reconstruct ancient Germanic gods, or equate them definitively with those of later Norse mythology. See also Interpretatio graeca Interpretatio romana References Germanic mythology Religious interpretation", "title": "Interpretatio germanica" }, { "docid": "35618410", "text": "The Mars of Todi is a near life-sized bronze warrior, dating from the late 5th or early 4th century BC, believed to have been produced in Etruria for the Umbrian tribe. It was found near Todi (ancient Tuder), on the slope of Montesanto, in the property of the Franciscan Convent of Montesanto. Description and Interpretation The bronze warrior was an expensive votive offering likely placed at a religious sanctuary, possibly to Laran, the Etruscan god of war. It had been buried in antiquity under travertine stones, perhaps ritually, and left undisturbed until its discovery in 1835. It is an example of the highest-quality \"prestige\" works from Etruria found in Umbria during this period, and probably came from a workshop in Orvieto (Etruscan Velzna, Roman Volsinii). Velzna was known for its bronze sculptures, more than 2,000 of which were looted by the Romans in 265 BC. The work is a \"typical military figure\" with \"conspicuously Etruscan\" facial features. It is an Etruscan realization of Greek formal Classicism, and makes use of the contrapposto posture. The figure probably held a patera (libation bowl) in his extended right hand, and a spear in the left. His helmet is missing, but his intricate body armor, depicted with \"pedantic accuracy,\" is one of the best examples showing what lamellar plate armor from the period looked like. While after its discovery in the 19th century, the statue of a warrior was said to represent a god equivalent to the Roman Mars, others see the represented act of libation would not befit a god, thus that the statue depicts a human soldier and devotee. The dedication is inscribed on the skirt of the breastplate. It is written in Umbrian in Etruscan characters and marks the beginning of the epigraphic tradition in this part of Umbria. The man dedicating it, however, has a name that appears to have a Celtic origin, an indication of Tuder's \"cosmopolitian\" character in the Archaic period. The inscription reads Ahal Trutitis dunum dede, \"Ahal Trutitis gave [this as a] gift\". The sculpture is currently held by the Museo Etrusco Gregoriano section of the Vatican Museums. References 5th-century BC sculptures 4th-century BC sculptures 1835 archaeological discoveries Archaeological discoveries in Italy Etruscan sculptures Bronze sculptures Sculptures in the Vatican Museums", "title": "Mars of Todi" }, { "docid": "86245", "text": "In Romano-British religion, Cocidius was a deity worshipped in northern Britain. The Romans equated him with Mars, god of war and hunting, and also with Silvanus, god of forests, groves and wild fields. Like Belatucadros, he was probably worshipped by lower-ranked Roman soldiers as well as by the Britons for whom he was probably a tribal god - a genius loci. Etymology Rivet and Smith note that the name may be related to British Celtic cocco-, 'red', suggesting that statues of the god might have been painted red:. the figure discovered in the 1980s in the Otterburn Training Area is known as the Red One. Representations and dedications Fanocodi was a Roman place-name mentioned in the Ravenna Cosmography for a location close to the Solway Firth; the name has been derived from Fanum Cocidii, or temple of Cocidius, and the place identified with Bewcastle. There are dedications to Cocidius around Hadrian's Wall and Cumbria, including the forts at Birdoswald and Bewcastle. Another inscription, at Ebchester, refers to him as Cocidius Vernostonus, Cocidius of the alder tree. A 2000-year-old carving of Cocidius was found in 2006 near Chesters Fort on Hadrian's Wall. This was dubbed the little man and shows a figure with its arms flung wide and legs braced firmly against the ground. Although the gender is not depicted, the shape and accessories are seemingly male, with a shield in the left hand, a sword in the right, and a scabbard hanging from the belt around his tunic. This is one of at least nine representations known in the Hadrian's Wall corridor, and a further 25 or so inscriptions dedicated to him. Most of these are along the western portion of the Wall, the most spectacular being found at Yardhope, where a figure in bas-relief brandishes spear and shield on a vertical rock-face at the entrance to a small shrine. In literature William A. Young suggests that the characters of the 'Dark Man' in the Brythonic romance Owain, or the Lady of the Fountain, the guardian of the chapel in Guillaume le Clerc's Fergus of Galloway, and the Brown Man of the Moor in John Leyden's The Cout o' Keeldar (1802) have their origins in Cocidius. See also Vernostonos, possibly an epithet of Cocidius Further reading Young, William A. (2022), The Ghosts of the Forest: The Lost Mythology of the North, Inter-Celtic, Edinburgh, References Gods of the ancient Britons War gods Hunting gods Nature gods Horned gods Martian deities", "title": "Cocidius" }, { "docid": "2535136", "text": "Plumbatae or martiobarbuli were lead-weighted darts carried by infantrymen in Antiquity and the Middle Ages. History The first examples seem to have been carried by the Ancient Greeks from about 500 BC onwards, but the best-known users were the late Roman and Eastern Roman armies. The earliest and best written source for these weapons refers to a period around 300 AD, though the document was composed around 390–450 AD. A second source, also from the late 4th century, is an anonymous treatise titled De rebus bellicis, which briefly discusses (so far archaeologically unattested) spiked plumbatae (plumbata tribolata), but which is also the only source that shows an image of what a plumbata looked like. The image shows what looks like a short arrow with a weight attached to the shaft. Although only later copies of the original manuscript exist, this is confirmed by the remains which have so far turned up in the archaeological record. A third source is the late 6th century Strategicon, written by the Byzantine emperor Maurice, who wrote about the martzobarboulon, a corruption of its Latin name martiobarbulum. Plumbatae etymologically contain plumbum, or lead, and can be translated \"lead-weighted [darts]\". Martiobarbuli in this translation is mattiobarbuli in the Latin, which is most likely an assimilation of Martio-barbuli, \"little barbs of Mars\". The barb implied a barbed head, and Mars was the god of war (among other things). Archaeology gives a clearer picture of martiobarbuli. The reference listed has an illustration of a find from Wroxeter identified as the head of a plumbata and a reconstruction of the complete weapon: a fletched dart with an iron head weighted with lead. The reconstruction seems entirely consistent with Vegetius' description. War darts were also used in Europe later in the Middle Ages. See also Roman military personal equipment Lawn darts Khuru (sport) Notes References Primary sources Anonymous, De Rebus Bellicis: On matters of war. Maurice, Strategikon: On Strategy. Vegetius, Epitome Rei Militari: Epitome of Military science. Secondary sources Barker, P., The plumbatae from Wroxeter, in: Hassall and Ireland 1979, De Rebus Bellicis, BAR Int. Ser., vol. 63 (Oxford), part 1, pp. 97–9. Connolly, Peter, Greece and Rome at War, Greenhill Books, 1998, Degen, R., Plumbatae: Wurfgeschosse der Spätantike, in: Helvetia Archaeologica 1992, vol. 23, pp. 139–147. Ireland, Robert, De Rebus Bellicis (anon.), in: BAR International Series 63 (Oxford), part 2. Dennis, George T., Maurice's Strategikon. Handbook of Byzantine military strategy, University of Philadelphia Press 1984, . Keszi, Tamás: Plumbata, the Roman-Style Darts. A Late Antique Weapon from Annamatia. Hungarian Archaeology 2018. Spring, 21-32. https://www.academia.edu/36798885/Plumbata_the_Roman-Style_Darts._A_Late_Antique_Weapon_from_Annamatia Milner, N.P., Vegetius: epitome of military science, Liverpool University Press 1993, . Völling, T. (1991): Plumbata - Mattiobarbulus - Martzobarboulon? Bemerkungen zu einem Waffenfund aus Olympia in: Archäologischer Anzeiger, pp. 287–98. External links Image of remains of a plumbata Vegetius Book I Vegetius in translation Modern reproduction of a plumbata photo of modern Bhutanese style 'Plumbata' Ancient Roman legionary equipment Throwing weapons Byzantine military equipment", "title": "Plumbata" }, { "docid": "19690815", "text": "The gods and goddesses of the pre-Christian Celtic peoples are known from a variety of sources, including ancient places of worship, statues, engravings, cult objects, and place or personal names. The ancient Celts appear to have had a pantheon of deities comparable to others in Indo-European religion, each linked to aspects of life and the natural world. Epona was an exception and retained without association with any Roman deity. By a process of syncretism, after the Roman conquest of Celtic areas, most of these became associated with their Roman equivalents, and their worship continued until Christianization. Pre-Roman Celtic art produced few images of deities, and these are hard to identify, lacking inscriptions, but in the post-conquest period many more images were made, some with inscriptions naming the deity. Most of the specific information we have therefore comes from Latin writers and the archaeology of the post-conquest period. More tentatively, links can be made between ancient Celtic deities and figures in early medieval Irish and Welsh literature, although all these works were produced well after Christianization. The locus classicus for the Celtic gods of Gaul is the passage in Julius Caesar's Commentarii de Bello Gallico (The Gallic War, 52–51 BC) in which he names six of them, together with their functions. He says that Mercury was the most honoured of all the deities and many images of him were to be found. Mercury was regarded as the inventor of all the arts, the patron of travellers and of merchants, and the most powerful deity in matters of commerce and gain. After him, the Gauls honoured Apollo, who drove away diseases, Mars, who controlled war, Jupiter, who ruled the heavens, and Minerva, who promoted handicrafts. He adds that the Gauls regarded Dis Pater as their ancestor. In characteristic Roman fashion, Caesar does not refer to these figures by their native names but by the names of the Roman deities with which he equated them, a procedure that complicates the task of identifying his Gaulish deities with their counterparts in the insular Celtic literatures. He also presents a neat schematic equation of deity and function that is quite foreign to the vernacular literary testimony. Yet, given its limitations, his brief catalog is a valuable witness. The deities named by Caesar are well-attested in the later epigraphic record of Gaul and Britain. Not infrequently, their names are coupled with native Celtic theonyms and epithets, such as Mercury Visucius, Lenus Mars, Jupiter Poeninus, or Sulis Minerva. Unsyncretised theonyms are also widespread, particularly among goddesses such as Sulevia, Sirona, Rosmerta, and Epona. In all, several hundred names containing a Celtic element are attested in Gaul. The majority occur only once, which has led some scholars to conclude that the Celtic deities and their cults were local and tribal rather than national. Supporters of this view cite Lucan's mention of a deity called Teutates, which they interpret as \"god of the tribe\" (it is thought that teuta- meant \"tribe\" in Celtic). The multiplicity of deity names may", "title": "Celtic deities" }, { "docid": "86844", "text": "In Gallo-Roman religion, Smertrios or Smertrius was a god worshipped in Gaul and Noricum. In Roman times he was equated with Mars . His name contains the same root as that of the goddess Rosmerta and may mean \"The Purveyor\" or \"The Provider\", a title rather than a true name. Smertulitanus may be a variant name for the same god. Smertrius is one of the Gaulish gods depicted on the Pillar of the Boatmen, discovered in Paris. Here is depicted as a well-muscled bearded man confronting a snake which rears up in front of him. The god brandishes an object which has usually been interpreted as a club but which rather resembles a torch or firebrand. The normal interpretation of the god's attribute as a club has led to the identification, by modern scholars, of Smertrius and Hercules. Other evidence links Smertrius with the Celtic version of Mars: at Möhn near Trier, a spring sanctuary was dedicated to Mars Smertrius and his consort Ancamna. Coins found here indicate that there was a shrine here before the Roman period. Another Treveran inscription links Mars and Smertrius. Smertrius himself is known outside Gaul, for example on a fragmentary inscription at Grossbach in Austria. References Dictionary of Celtic Myth and Legend. Miranda Green. Thames and Hudson Ltd. London. 1997 Gaulish gods War gods Martian deities", "title": "Smertrios" }, { "docid": "8782655", "text": "The mythology of the modern-day Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg has its roots in the mythologies of pre-Christian (e.g. Gaulish (Gallo-Roman) and Germanic) cultures, predating the region's Christianization under the influence of the Franks in the Early Middle Ages. At the time of the Roman Empire and in the Early Middle Ages, some of the resident peoples of the Low Countries' included: Germanic tribes north of the Rhine River (with a lot of exceptions like the Eburones or the Celtic Nervii,...) Low Franconians Frisii (and later, in the same area, the Frisians) Tubanti Canninefates Batavians the decidedly more Celtic and Gallo-Roman Belgae tribes of Gallia Belgica south of the Rhine (also mainly but with many exceptions). Old Dutch mythology can mean the myths specifically told in Old Dutch language. However, many of the myths in this language are ancient and part of larger movements across Europe, such as Roman mythology that spread through the Roman Empire, and Continental Germanic mythology. Pre-Christian traditions of the veneration of trees (particularly the oak, see Donar's oak), springs and woods native to the Low Countries survived in Christianized guise into the Middle Ages. Sources for the reconstruction of pre-Christian traditions include the accounts of the Anglo-Saxon missionaries to the region, medieval and modern folklore and legend, and local toponymy. Pre-Christian traditions Deities From ancient regional mythology, most names of ancient gods and goddesses in this region come from local tribal lore, particularly in the North. Many of the deities are the same as eastern Germanic Deities: Wodan is Dutch for Odin, the god of war and leader of the Wild Hunt. The Wild Hunt was retold in Dutch with Wodan leading under different guises: Gait with his dogs; Derk with his dogs; Derk with his boar; the glowing horse; Henske with his dogs.). Donar is Dutch for Thor, the god of thunder. In Dutch the days of the week are named for Germanic gods, a custom derived from parallel Roman practice. Note that the following days were named through Roman influence, because the Romans found them to be (roughly) equivalent to their Roman deities: maandag (Monday) named after Máni - compared to \"dies Lunae\" (Luna's day) dinsdag (Tuesday) named after Tyr - compared to \"dies Martis\" (Mars' day) woensdag (Wednesday) after Wodan - compared to \"dies Mercurii\" (Mercury's day) donderdag (Thursday) is named after Donar - compared to \"dies Jovis\" (Jupiter's day) vrijdag (Friday) after Frîja - compared to \"dies Veneris\" (Venus' day). However other ancient deities are Druidic, Celtic and Gallo-Roman in nature, particularly in the south and throughout Flanders: Erecura, the goddess of the earth, Rosmerta, goddess of fertility, and the deities mentioned by Saint Eligius in Flanders (Jupiter, Neptune, Orcus, Diana, and Minerva). Finally some deities were regional or specific to one clan: Arduinna was the Celtic goddess of the Ardennes forest. Nehalennia was a goddess of travellers in Zeeland, where over 160 stone votives depicting her image were located in the sea. Vagdavercustis was an ancient goddess of the Batavians mentioned", "title": "Mythology in the Low Countries" }, { "docid": "22223112", "text": "Neto or Mars Neto is the name of one of the deities of ancient Iberian Peninsula. It was revered in many places of the Peninsula, but mainly by the Iberians and Celtiberians. He was probably a god of war. Name and functions Macrobius in his Saturnalia, calls Neto both a sun god and equivalent in Hispania to the Roman Mars and Apollo. A name Neito appears on the Celtiberian Botorrita bronze plaque. The name also recalls an Irish war god Neit whose name might be derived from the same Celtic root meaning passion or conflict. References Lusitanian gods Basque and Iberian deities War gods Solar gods Martian deities", "title": "Neto (deity)" }, { "docid": "86829", "text": "In Gallo-Roman religion, Segomo (\"victor, mighty one\") was a war god worshipped in Gaul. In Roman times he was equated with Mars and Hercules. He may be related to Cocidius, a similar god worshipped in Britain. The name of the legendary High King of Ireland Nia Segamain, which translates as \"sister's son or champion of Segamon\", may be related. References Gaulish gods War gods", "title": "Segomo" }, { "docid": "431221", "text": "The Robigalia was a festival in ancient Roman religion held April 25, named for the god Robigus. Its main ritual was a dog sacrifice to protect grain fields from disease. Games (ludi) in the form of \"major and minor\" races were held. The Robigalia was one of several agricultural festivals in April to celebrate and vitalize the growing season, but the darker sacrificial elements of these occasions are also fraught with anxiety about crop failure and the dependence on divine favor to avert it. Description The Robigalia was held at the boundary of the Ager Romanus. Verrius Flaccus sites it in a grove (lucus) at the fifth milestone from Rome along the Via Claudia. The celebration included games (ludi) and a sacrificial offering of the blood and entrails of an unweaned puppy (catulus). Most animal sacrifice in the public religion of ancient Rome resulted in a communal meal and thus involved domestic animals whose flesh was a normal part of the Roman diet; the dog occurs as a victim most often in magic and private rites for Hecate and other chthonic deities, but was offered publicly at the Lupercalia and two other sacrifices pertaining to grain crops. Origin Like many other aspects of Roman law and religion, the institution of the Robigalia was attributed to the Sabine Numa Pompilius, in the eleventh year of his reign as the second king of Rome. The combined presence of Numa and the flamen Quirinalis, the high priest of Quirinus, the Sabine god of war who become identified with Mars, may suggest a Sabine origin. The late Republican scholar Varro says that the Robigalia was named for the god Robigus, who as the numen or personification of agricultural disease could also prevent it. He was thus a potentially malignant deity to be propitiated, as Aulus Gellius notes. But the gender of this deity is elusive. The agricultural writer Columella gives the name in the feminine as Robigo, like the word used for a form of the disease of wheat rust, which has a reddish or reddish-brown color. Both Robigus and robigo are also found as Rubig- which, following the etymology-by-association of antiquity, was thought to be connected to the color red (ruber) as a form of homeopathic or sympathetic magic.<ref>Burriss, \"The Place of the Dog in Superstition, pp. 34–35.</ref> The color is thematic: the disease was red, the requisite puppies (or sometimes bitches) had a red coat, the red of blood recalls the distinctively Roman incarnation of Mars as both a god of agriculture and bloodshed. William Warde Fowler, whose work on Roman festivals remains a standard reference, entertained the idea that Robigus is an \"indigitation\" of Mars, that is, a name to be used in a prayer formulary to fix the local action of the invoked god. In support of this idea, the priest who presided was the flamen Quirinalis, and the ludi were held for both Mars and Robigo. The flamen recited a prayer that Ovid quotes at length in the Fasti,", "title": "Robigalia" }, { "docid": "86086", "text": "Belatucadros or Belatucadrus, was a deity worshipped in Celtic northern Britain, particularly in Cumberland and Westmorland. In the Roman period he was identified with Mars and appears to have been worshipped by lower-ranked Roman soldiers as well as by Britons. In five inscriptions he is called Mars Belatucadrus and the name is frequently translated as \"fair shining one\" or \"fair slayer.\" Belatucadros is known from approximately 28 inscriptions in the vicinity of Hadrian's Wall. Dedications to Balatocadrus, Balatucadrus, Balaticaurus, Balatucairus, Baliticaurus, Belatucairus, Belatugagus, Belleticaurus, Blatucadrus and Blatucairus are generally accepted as variants of the most common of these forms: Belatucadrus. Altars dedicated to him were usually small, simple and plain, leading to the suggestion that this god was mainly worshipped by people of low social status. His name never appears with a female consort and there is no certain extant representation of him. Ross suggests that his name, and that of a similar local god, Cocidius, may be epithets for a common general type of Celtic horned god. A horned head was found near the shrine of Belatucadros at Netherby, Cumbria but cannot be securely identified with the god. References Sources Further reading Celtic gods War gods Martian deities Gods of the ancient Britons", "title": "Belatucadros" } ]	[ { "docid": "26566171", "text": "The Decree of Philippi 242 BC was a message from the city of Philippi to the city of Cos in response to an envoy sent by the latter. These messengers requested the asylia, or inviolability, of a sanctuary of Asclepius. The Decree, one of four cities’, is an agreement to respect this request of. The asylia would later be revoked by the Roman emperor Diocletian. History of Asylia From the 260s BC to early Roman imperial times, Greek cities sought and received recognition of their asylia from other parts of the Greek world—kings, cities, leagues—and eventually from the Roman Empire itself. Asylia means inviolatibility, or freedom from desecration. What the asylia pertained to in each city’s case was different. The city could be asking for the asylia of an important sanctuary belonging to the city, the city itself and the territory surrounding it, or a combination of both. According to M.M. Austin, the reasons for these requests stemmed from the instability of the times. With groups such as the Aetolians inflicting random acts of violence in a time of peace, cities sought protection from their neighbors. What actual benefits came out of these decrees is unclear; they merely state that they recognize the asylia of the requested area. The city of Cos Cos, or Kos, is located on the Greek island of the same name. The Dorians invaded in the 11th century, with a strong portion of their people bringing along their Asclepius cult for which the city would become very famous for. The city was also well known for its wine. After the Greco-Persian Wars, Cos joined the Delian League and became a strong Athenian outpost in the Aegean Sea. The city reached its high point during the Hellenistic Period. It was allied with Egypt, and housed an extension of the Alexandrian Library. It was also the home of the famous physician Hippocrates, who is acclaimed as the father of western medicine. The Asclepius cult garnered a lot of attention for Cos. Asclepius was the Greek god of medicine and healing, a mortal who was granted immortality by Zeus. The original center for the cult was at Epidauros, founded around 500 BCE. However, Cos became another major center due to the large group of people from Epidauros who came with the Dorians. Other centers for the cult were at Pergamon and Athens. The cult itself was elective, in that people, both men and women, from all kinds of social background could participate in cult practices; it was not limited to people who had been chosen for the cult by their parents or who sought initiation later in life. The cult was open to all. To participate, any ill Greek would seek guidance in their dreams by spending the night in the sanctuary. If the god appeared in their dream and either healed them, or suggested a possible cure, then the sick person would make an offering. The cult reached the pinnacle of its popularity in the 4th century BCE.", "title": "Decree of Philippi, 242 BCE" }, { "docid": "18776495", "text": "Jupiter Dolichenus was a Roman god whose mystery cult was widespread in the Roman Empire from the early-2nd to mid-3rd centuries AD. Like several other figures of the mystery cults, Jupiter Dolichenus was one of the so-called 'oriental' gods; that is Roman re-inventions of ostensibly foreign figures in order to give their cults legitimacy and to distinguish them from the cults of the traditional Roman gods. Like the other mystery cults (including the other pseudo-oriental ones), the cult of Jupiter Dolichenus gained popularity in the Roman Empire as a complement of the open 'public' religion of mainstream Roman society. Unlike the Roman public cults, but like the other mysteries, the temples of the cult of Jupiter Dolichenus were nominally closed to outsiders and followers had to undergo rites of initiation before they could be accepted as devotees. As a result, very little is known about the cult's beliefs and practices from the few clues that can be obtained from the sparse iconographic, archaeological or epigraphic evidence. The cult gained popularity in the 2nd century AD, reached a peak under the Severan dynasty in the early 3rd century AD, and died out shortly thereafter. At least nineteen temples (including two discovered in 2000) are known to have been built in Rome and the provinces which, while substantial, is far below the popularity enjoyed by the comparable pseudo-oriental cults of Mithras, Isis or Cybele. History Until the late 20th-century, Roman exoticism was usually taken at face value, and Jupiter Dolichenus was therefore like the other pseudo-oriental figures also assumed to have really been a Roman continuation of an oriental figure. In the case of Jupiter Dolichenus, the exoticism was attributed to an interpretatio romana derivation from a semitic Hadad-Baal-Teshub cult, which had its cult center on a hill () near Doliche, 30 Roman Miles west of Samosata on the Euphrates, in the Commagene in eastern Asia Minor (The present-day name of the hill is Baba Tepesi, \"the Hill of the Father (Teshub)\". Historical Doliche is on a height now known as Keber Tepe, just west of Dülük, Gaziantep Province, Turkey). It is from the city of Doliche that the epithet 'Dolichenus' \"of Doliche\" was adopted. However, since the 1980s it has become increasingly evident that the exotic gloss the Romans gave to their so-called 'oriental' gods was mostly superficial, and based primarily on Roman perceptions (hearsay and their own imagination) of what the foreign gods were like. Accordingly, in the context of Roman religion, the term 'oriental' no longer carries much weight and is now mostly only used as an archaeological docket tag. (This development applies to all Roman 'oriental' gods equally; for a discussion of the issue in relation to Jupiter Dolichenus, see especially ). The cult of Jupiter Dolichenus is especially difficult to assess in this respect because the archaeological finds at Dülük indicate that, at some point, Roman material was exported to Doliche, thus obscuring the distinction between Roman and native cult there. These scholastic issues notwithstanding, the Romans", "title": "Jupiter Dolichenus" }, { "docid": "3852225", "text": "Anglo-Saxon deities are in general poorly attested, and much is inferred about the religion of the Anglo-Saxons from what is known of other Germanic peoples’ religions. The written record from the period between the Anglo-Saxon invasion of the British Isles to the Christianisation of the Anglo-Saxons is very sparse, and most of what is known comes from later Christian writers such as Bede, whose descriptions can be compared to other Germanic mythologies as well as the extant archaeological evidence. The list below is incomplete, but includes brief discussion of the attestation of the deities in question, and should be considered critically. Major deities Woden, king of the gods and god of wisdom. Cognate to Norse Odin. Source of the word 'Wednesday'. Tiw, a war god and possibly a sky god. Cognate to Norse Tyr, as well as Greek Zeus, Roman Jupiter, Baltic Dievs/Dievas and Hindu Dyaus. Source of the word 'Tuesday'. Thunor, god of thunder and cognate to Norse Thor and source of the word 'Thursday'. Frig, the wife of Woden the goddess of marriage and childbirth and source of the word 'Friday'. Ing, possibly another name for the Norse 'Freyr', god of fertility. Poorly attested deities Ēostre, listed by Bede, and purported source of the word 'Easter'. Erce/Folde/Eorðe, the 'Mother of Earth' cited in the Æcerbot charm. Rheda, also Hrethe or Hrēða, listed by Bede. Putative deities inferred from other sources Wyrd, the Anglo-Saxon concept of fate. Beowa, a figure associated with barley and possibly conflated with Beowulf. The following are cognate to deities known to have been worshipped by other Germanic peoples, and are also related to the sources of names of days of the week: Siȝel - an Old English term for 'sun', a goddess in related religions, and sister of the moon god. Mona - the Old English for 'moon', a god in related religions, and brother of the sun goddess. Source for the word 'Monday'. Putative deities mentioned in king lists Bældæġ, son of Woden, mentioned in the king-list of Bernicia, possibly identified with Baldur by Snorri. Seaxnēat, patron deity of the Saxons. Wecta, mentioned in multiple king-lists, possible cognate of Vegdeg, a son of Woden. Other supernatural figures Modra, the 'Mothers', whose festival 'Modraniht' is mentioned by Bede. Possibly connected to the Matres and Matronae, and the Norns. Nicors, water spirits attested in Beowulf with apparent cognates in other Germanic languages as well as modern dialectal knucker. Wælcyrge, cognate with Norse Valkyries, which may have been imported from Norse mythology. See also List of Germanic deities References Further reading Anglo-Saxon Germanic mythology Anglo-Saxon paganism Anglo-Saxon England", "title": "List of Anglo-Saxon deities" }, { "docid": "12889755", "text": "Apúng Sinukuan is the Kapampangan sun god of war and death who lived on Mount Arayat. During the colonial period, the Spanish rebranded him into Maria Sinukuan, the diwata or mountain goddess associated with Mount Arayat in Pampanga, Philippines, and later became a prominent example of the mountain goddess motif in Philippine mythology; other prominent examples being Maria Makiling of Los Baños and Maria Cacao of Cebu. Origin of Sinukuan Prior to Spanish colonization, Sinukuan was known as a powerful male Kapampangan god named Aring Sinukûan who was on par with the Kapampangan god of Pinatubo, Apûng Malyari. The two were the second most powerful deities in Kampampangan mythology, next only to Mangechay (sometimes called Mangacha), the great elder and creator goddess. Aring Sinukûan was the sun god of war and death, taught the early inhabitants the industry of metallurgy, woodcutting, rice culture, and waging war. He had three children, namely, Munag Sumalâ, the golden serpent god who represented dawn; Lakandanup, the god of gluttony who represented the sun at noontime; and Gatpanapun, the noble god who only knew pleasure and represented the afternoon. He also had a winged assistant named Galurâ, a giant eagle deity believed to be the bringer of storms, and a wife named Mingan. However, when the Spanish arrived, they rebranded Sinukuan as a woman, thinking that the people would not revere the deity if he was a female, not knowing that the great elder deity of the Kapampangan was a goddess named Mangechay. Additionally, Sinukuan's wife, Mingan, was rebranded as male. Despite this, the natives continued to revere Sinukuan. Furious, the Spanish added \"Maria\" to Sinukuan's name to somewhat turn her Catholic in a bid to further subjugate the natives and convert them to Roman Catholicism. Later legend as Maria Sinukuan The basic legend is similar to those of many mountain guardian goddesses, notably Maria Makiling. Sinukuan is associated with the unusual bounty of the forests in Arayat and with the profusion of animals there. Watching over the needs of the people in the nearby town, she used to regularly leave fruits and animals at the doorstep of locals who needed food during hard times. At one point, though, a group of young men got greedy. They sought out where Sinukuan’s home was in the mountains and when they found it, they asked for more than what they actually needed. Sinukuan did not object to this and allowed them to pick a great load of fruits. She warned them, however, not to get any fruits from the forest without her permission. On their way back home, they decided they would get more. \"Why not?\" they asked each other. \"She won't know we took home fruits and animals. They're so plentiful, she won't know the difference.\" But she did. As soon as they had started picking more fruit, their packs began to feel heavier. They soon discovered that all the fruit and meat they were carrying had turned into rocks. The young men ran away, but", "title": "Maria Sinukuan" }, { "docid": "13954122", "text": "Deicide is the killing (or the killer) of a god. The concept may be used for any act of killing a god, including a life-death-rebirth deity who is killed and then resurrected. Etymology The term deicide was coined in the 17th century from medieval Latin deicidium, from deus \"god\" and -cidium \"cutting, killing.\" Aztec mythology The Aztec god of war, Tezcatlipoca, tricked his rival Quetzalcoatl into over-drinking and wantonry. Quetzalcoatl burned himself to death in shame. Buddhism The crimes listed in the Anantarika-karma include killing an Arhat and shedding the blood of a Buddha. Devadatta, a monk, and Ajātasattu, king of Buddhism, attempted to kill the Gautama Buddha. Christianity According to the New Testament accounts, the Judean authorities in Jerusalem under Roman rule, the Pharisees, charged Jesus with blasphemy, a capital crime under biblical law, and sought his execution. According to , the Judean authorities claimed to lack the authority to have Jesus put to death, though it is doubtful what legal basis such a claim would have had; the Jesus Seminar historicity project notes for John 18:31: \"it's illegal for us: The accuracy of this claim is doubtful.\" in their Scholars Version. Additionally, John 7:53–8:11 records them asking Jesus about stoning the adulteress and Acts 6:12 records them ordering the stoning of Saint Stephen. They brought Jesus to Pontius Pilate, the Roman Prefect of Judea, who was hesitant and let the people decide if Jesus were to be executed. According to the Bible, Pontius Pilate only ordered Jesus to be flogged. Washing his hands, Pilate said he would not take the blame for Jesus' death, to which the crowd replied, \"His blood is upon us and our children.\" Pilate is portrayed in the Gospel accounts as a reluctant accomplice to Jesus' death. Modern scholars say it is most likely that a Roman Governor such as Pilate would have no problem in executing any leader whose followers posed a potential threat to Roman rule. It has also been suggested that the Gospel accounts may have downplayed the role of the Romans in Jesus' death during a time when Christianity was struggling to gain acceptance in the Roman world. Analysis The Catholic Church and other Christian denominations suggest that Jesus' death was necessary to take away the collective sin of the human race. The crucifixion is seen as an example of Christ's eternal love for mankind and as a self-sacrifice on the part of God for humanity. The Gnostic Gospel of Judas contends that Jesus commanded Judas Iscariot to set in motion the chain of events that would lead to his death. Against certain Christian movements, some of which rejected the use of Hebrew Scripture, Augustine countered that God had chosen the Jews as a special people, and he considered the scattering of Jewish people by the Roman Empire to be a fulfillment of prophecy. He rejected homicidal attitudes, quoting part of the same prophecy, namely \"Slay them not, lest they should at last forget Thy law\" (Psalm 59:11). Augustine, who", "title": "Deicide" }, { "docid": "57364336", "text": "This article presents a timeline of the name Judea through an incomplete list of notable historical references to the name through the various time periods of the region. Historical references 733 BCE: Nimrud Tablet K.3751 350 BCE: Yehud coinage 1st-cent. CE: Aramaic Scroll of Antiochus: \"…In the twenty-third year of his (Antiochus Eupator) reign, in the two-hundred and thirteenth year of the rebuilding of this, God's house (Temple), he put his face to go up to Jerusalem. He then answered and said to his nobles, 'Do you not know that the Jewish people in Judea, between us, they do not worship our God, nor do they practice our customs, and they leave off from following the king's religion for their own religion,' etc.\" 70 CE: Judaea Capta coinage 76 CE: The Jewish War: Josephus describes Judea. 76 CE: Josephus mentions Coreae, where travelers from the interior cross into Judea. 78 CE: Pliny the Elder: Et hactenus Iudaea est. Pliny: \"The rest of Judaea is divided into ten toparchies: Emmaus (Emmaum), Lydda (Lyddam), Joppa, Accrabim (Acrebitenam), Jufna (Gophaniticam), Timnath-serah (Thamniticam), Bethleptephenem, Orinen (the Hills), Jerusalem and Herodium.\" c. 92 CE: Josephus writes in his Antiquities: \"Arabia is a country that borders on Judea.\" c. 129 or 135: Syria Palæstina was a Roman province between 135 and about 390. It was established by the merge of Roman Syria and Roman Judaea, shortly before or after the Bar Kokhba Revolt. The historical consensus is the name was given to erase Jewish connection to the land. 189 CE: The Mishnah: \"Three countries are to be distinguished in what concerns the law of removal [of seventh year produce once the growing season has past]: Judea, beyond Jordan and Galilee.\" 392: Epiphanius of Salamis, On Weights and Measures: \"So [Hadrian] passed through the city of Antioch and passed through [Coele-Syria] and Phoenicia and came to Palestine — which is also called Judea — forty-seven years after the destruction of Jerusalem.\" c. 1130, Fetellus, \"The city of Jerusalem is situated in the hill-country of Judea, in the province of Palestine\" 1746: Modern History Or the Present State of All Nations: \"Palestine, or the Holy Land, sometimes also called Judea, is bound by Mount Libanus on the north; by Arabia Deserta on the east; by Arabia Petrea on the south; and by the Mediterranean Sea on the west\" Biblical references The name occurs multiple times as a geographic region in the Hebrew Bible, in both Hebrew and Aramaic: Daniel 2:25, 5:13, 6:13 Ezra 5:1, 7:14 and the \"province Judah\" 5:8 Nehemiah 11:3 During the time of the New Testament, the region was a Roman province. The name Judea occurs 44 times in the New Testament. See also Judea (Roman province) References Bibliography Judea, Timeline of the name Judea, Timeline of the name Judea, Timeline of the name Name Judea Israel history-related lists", "title": "Timeline of the name Judea" }, { "docid": "722378", "text": "The Zealots were a political movement in 1st-century Second Temple Judaism which sought to incite the people of Judea Province to rebel against the Roman Empire and expel it from the Holy Land by force of arms, most notably during the First Jewish–Roman War (66–70). Zealotry was the term used by Josephus for a \"fourth sect\" or \"fourth Jewish philosophy\" during this period. Etymology The term zealot, the common translation of the Hebrew kanai (, frequently used in plural form, , kana'im), means one who is zealous on behalf of God. The term derives from Greek (zelotes), \"emulator, zealous admirer or follower\". History Josephus' Jewish Antiquities states that there were three main Jewish sects at this time, the Pharisees, the Sadducees, and the Essenes. The Zealots were a \"fourth sect\", founded by Judas of Galilee (also called Judas of Gamala) in the year 6 CE against the Census of Quirinius, shortly after the Roman Empire declared what had most recently been the tetrarchy of Herod Archelaus to be a Roman province. According to Josephus, they \"agree in all other things with the Pharisaic notions; but they have an inviolable attachment to liberty, and say that God is to be their only Ruler and Lord.\" (18.1.6) According to the Jewish Encyclopedia article on Zealots: Others have also argued that the group was not so clearly marked out (before the first war of 66–70/3) as some have thought. Simon the Zealot was listed among the apostles selected by Jesus in the Gospel of Luke and in the Acts of the Apostles. He is called Cananaean in Mark and Matthew (Matthew 10, , Mark 3,) Two of Judas of Galilee's sons, Jacob and Simon, were involved in a revolt and were executed by Tiberius Alexander, the procurator of Iudaea province from 46 to 48. The Zealots took a leading role in the First Jewish–Roman War (66–73 CE), as they objected to Roman rule and violently sought to eradicate it by indiscriminately attacking Romans and Greeks. Another group, likely related, were the Sicarii, who raided Jewish settlements and killed Jews they considered apostates and collaborators, while also urging Jews to fight the Romans and other Jews for the cause. Josephus paints a very bleak picture of their activities as they instituted what he characterized as a murderous \"reign of terror\" prior to the Jewish Temple's destruction. According to Josephus, the Zealots followed John of Gischala, who had fought the Romans in Galilee, escaped, came to Jerusalem, and then inspired the locals to a fanatical position that led to the Temple's destruction. They succeeded in taking over Jerusalem, and held it until 70, when the son of Roman Emperor Vespasian, Titus, retook the city and destroyed Herod's Temple during the destruction of Jerusalem. In the Talmud In the Talmud, the Zealots are characterized as non-religious i.e. not following the contemporary religious leadership. They are also called the Biryonim (בריונים) meaning \"boorish\", \"wild\", or \"ruffians\", and are condemned for their aggression, their unwillingness to compromise to", "title": "Zealots" }, { "docid": "14330284", "text": "A weather god or goddess, also frequently known as a storm god or goddess, is a deity in mythology associated with weather phenomena such as thunder, snow, lightning, rain, wind, storms, tornadoes, and hurricanes. Should they only be in charge of one feature of a storm, they will be called after that attribute, such as a rain god or a lightning/thunder god. This singular attribute might then be emphasized more than the generic, all-encompassing term \"storm god\", though with thunder/lightning gods, the two terms seem interchangeable. They feature commonly in polytheistic religions, especially in Proto-Indo-European ones. Storm gods are most often conceived of as wielding thunder and/or lightning (some lightning gods' names actually mean \"thunder\", but since one cannot have thunder without lightning, they presumably wielded both). The ancients didn't seem to differentiate between the two, which is presumably why both the words \"lightning bolt\" and \"thunderbolt\" exist despite being synonyms. Of the examples currently listed storm themed deities are more frequently depicted as male, but both male and female storm or other rain, wind, or weather deities are described. Africa and the Middle East Sub-Sahara Africa Umvelinqangi, god of thunder, Zulu mythology Mbaba Mwana Waresa, goddess of rain, Zulu mythology Oya, the Yoruba orisha of winds, tempests, and cyclones Bunzi, goddess of rain, in Kongo mythology. Afroasiatic Middle East Canaanite Ba'al, Canaanite god of fertility, weather, and war. Hadad, the Canaanite and Carthaginian storm, fertility, & war god. Identified as Baʿal's true name at Ugarit. Early forms of the Jewish Yahweh worship Egyptian Horus, the Egyptian god of rainstorms, the weather, the sky and war. Associated with the sun, kingship, and retribution. Personified in the pharaoh. Set, the Egyptian chaos, evil, and storm god, lord of the desert. Mesopotamian Enlil, god associated with wind, air, earth, and storms Adad, the Mesopotamian weather god Manzat, goddess of the rainbow Shala, wife of Adad and a rain goddess Wer, a weather god worshiped in northern Mesopotamia and in Syria Western Eurasia Albanian Zojz, lightning and sky god, chief deity Shurdh, weather and storm god I Verbti, weather and storm god Balto-Slavic Bangpūtys, Lithuanian god of storms and the sea Perkūnas, Baltic god of thunder, rain, mountains, and oak trees. Servant of the creator god Dievas. Perun, Slavic god of thunder and lightning and king of the gods Celtic Taranis, Celtic god of thunder, often depicted with a wheel as well as a thunderbolt Germanic Freyr, Norse god of agriculture, medicine, fertility, sunshine, summer, abundance, and rain Thor, Norse god of thunder/lightning, oak trees, protection, strength, and hallowing. Also Thunor and Donar, the Anglo-Saxon and Continental Germanic versions, respectively, of him. All descend from Common Germanic Thunraz, the reflex of the PIE thunder god for this language branch of the Indo-Europeans. Greco-Roman Aeolus (son of Hippotes), keeper of the winds in the Odyssey Anemoi, collective name for the gods of the winds in Greek mythology, their number varies from 4 to more Jupiter, the Roman weather and sky god and king of", "title": "Weather god" }, { "docid": "434485", "text": "On the City of God Against the Pagans (), often called The City of God, is a book of Christian philosophy written in Latin by Augustine of Hippo in the early 5th century AD. The book was in response to allegations that Christianity brought about the decline of Rome and is considered one of Augustine's most important works, standing alongside The Confessions, The Enchiridion, On Christian Doctrine, and On the Trinity. As a work of one of the most influential Church Fathers, The City of God is a cornerstone of Western thought, expounding on many questions of theology, such as the suffering of the righteous, the existence of evil, the conflict between free will and divine omniscience, and the doctrine of original sin. Background The sack of Rome by the Visigoths in 410 left Romans in a deep state of shock, and many Romans saw it as punishment for abandoning traditional Roman religion in favor of Christianity. In response to these accusations, and in order to console Christians, Augustine wrote The City of God as an argument for the truth of Christianity over competing religions and philosophies. He argues that Christianity was not responsible for the Sack of Rome but instead responsible for Rome's success. Even if the earthly rule of the Empire was imperiled, it was the City of God that would ultimately triumph. Augustine's focus was Heaven, a theme of many Christian works of Late Antiquity. Despite Christianity's designation as the official religion of the Empire, Augustine declared its message to be spiritual rather than political. Christianity, he argued, should be concerned with the mystical, heavenly city, the New Jerusalem, rather than with earthly politics. The book presents human history as a conflict between what Augustine calls the Earthly City (often colloquially referred to as the City of Man, and mentioned once on page 644, chapter 1 of book 15) and the City of God, a conflict that is destined to end in victory for the latter. The City of God is marked by people who forgo earthly pleasure to dedicate themselves to the eternal truths of God, now revealed fully in the Christian faith. The Earthly City, on the other hand, consists of people who have immersed themselves in the cares and pleasures of the present, passing world. Augustine's thesis depicts the history of the world as universal warfare between God and the Devil. This metaphysical war is not limited by time but only by geography on Earth. In this war, God moves (by divine intervention, Providence) those governments, political/ideological movements and military forces aligned (or aligned the most) with the Catholic Church (the City of God) in order to oppose by all means—including military—those governments, political/ideological movements and military forces aligned (or aligned the most) with the Devil (the City of the World). This concept of world history guided by Divine Providence in a universal war between God and the Devil is part of the official doctrine of the Catholic Church as most recently stated in", "title": "The City of God" }, { "docid": "200589", "text": "Vicus Tuscus (\"Etruscan Street\" or \"Tuscan Street\") was an ancient street in the city of Rome, running southwest out of the Roman Forum between the Basilica Julia and the Temple of Castor and Pollux towards the Forum Boarium and Circus Maximus via the west side of the Palatine Hill and Velabrum. History The name of Vicus Tuscus is believed to have originated from Etruscan immigration to Rome. Two distinct historical events are said by ancient authors to have led to the name. Tacitus says the name arose from the Etruscans who had come to aid the Romans against Titus Tatius, a Sabine ruler who invaded Rome in around 750 BC after Romans abducted Sabine women, and later settled down in the neighborhood of the Roman forum. Livy, on the other hand, says the name came from the remnants of the Clusian army who settled in the area following the War between Clusium and Aricia in 508 BC. Some say the settlement was composed of workers whose task in Rome was to construct the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus. Dionysius indicates that the Roman senate provided Etruscans a place to build houses near Vicus Tuscus. Background Though originally a residential area of wealthy families; by the Republican time, the Vicus Tuscus became a hub of Roman commerce where there were many stores (horrea) on both sides, such as booksellers. According to Horace's Epistles, books were on sale in front of the statues of Etruscan god Vertumnus and Janus Geminus in the Tuscan street and inside the Forum. The most influential merchants were expert dealers of incense and perfume (turarii in Latin), giving rise to the street's second name - Vicus Turarius. Propertius recorded that these tradesmen made sacrificial offerings to Vertumnus, whose statue stood on Vicus Tuscus. Function Vicus Tuscus was frequently used as an important path of communication between the Roman Forum and the Forum Boarium and Circus Maximus. When Romans conducted a sacrificial rite to their gods, two white cows were led through Vicus Tuscus and Velabrum via the forum Boarium, to arrive at the Temple of Juno Regina on the Aventine Hill. During the Ludi Romani, the Vicus Tuscus was a route for processions. Statues of gods on wagons were paraded through here from the Capitoline Hill to the Circus Maximus. Plautus also tells us (Curculio, IV 482) that around 193 BCE, this was the spot for male prostitution in Rome. References Tuscus Roman Forum Rome R. X Campitelli Rome R. XII Ripa", "title": "Vicus Tuscus" }, { "docid": "2034884", "text": "Cherchell (Arabic: شرشال) is a town on Algeria's Mediterranean coast, west of Algiers. It is the seat of Cherchell District in Tipaza Province. Under the names Iol and Caesarea, it was formerly a Roman colony and the capital of the kingdoms of Numidia and Mauretania. Names The town was originally known by a Phoenician and Punic name that included the element (), meaning \"island\". This may have been , meaning \"Island of Sand\". The Punic name was hellenized as Iṑl () and latinized as Iol. Cherchel and Cherchell are French transcriptions of the Arabic name Shershel (), derived from the town's old Latin name Caesarea (, hē Kaisáreia), which was given to it in 25 by to honor his benefactor Augustus, who had legally borne the name \"Gaius Julius Caesar\" after his posthumous adoption by Julius Caesar in 44. It was later distinguished from the many other Roman towns named Caesarea by calling it , (\"Mauretania's Caesarea\"), (, Iṑl Kaisáreia), or . After its notional refounding as a Roman colony, it was formally named after its imperial patron Claudius. History Antiquity Phoenicians established their first major wave of colonies on the coasts between their homeland and the Strait of Gibraltar in the 8th centuryBC, but Iol was probably established around 600BC and the oldest remains so far discovered at Cherchell date from the 5th centuryBC. By that time, Carthage had already taken control of the Phoenicians in the western Mediterranean. Punic Iol was one of the more important trading posts in what is now Algeria. In the 3rd centuryBC, it was fortified and began issuing Numidia's first coins in bronze and silver, bearing Punic text, Carthaginian gods, and images of local produce, particularly fish. After the Punic Wars, Carthage's holdings in northwest Africa were mostly given to Rome's local allies. Iol was given to Micipsa, the king of Numidia, who first established it as a royal court. It became an important city for the kingdom and was the primary capital for and II. The town minted its own coins and received new defensive works in the 1st centuryBC. Its Punic culture continued, but worship of Baal Hammon was notionally substituted with worship of his Roman equivalent Saturn. Iol was annexed directly to Rome in 33BC. Augustus established as king of Mauretania in 25BC, giving him the city as his capital, which Juba then renamed in his honor. Juba and his wife Cleopatra (the daughter of Mark Antony and Cleopatra of Egypt) rebuilt the city on a lavish scale, combining Roman and Hellenized Egyptian styles. The roads were relaid on a grid and amenities included a theater, an art gallery, and a lighthouse modeled after the Pharos in Alexandria. He probably began the Roman wall that ran for about around a space of about ; about 150 of that total was used for the settlement in antiquity. The royal couple were buried in the Royal Mausoleum of Mauretania. The seaport capital and its kingdom flourished during this period, with most of", "title": "Cherchell" }, { "docid": "46186879", "text": "Speech of Universal History or Discours sur l'histoire universelle in original French (1681) is a work of theology and philosophy from French Roman Catholic bishop Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet. It is regarded by many Catholics as a continuation or actualization of St. Augustine of Hippo’s the City of God (De Civitate Dei). It proposes, much like the City of God, a metaphysical appreciation of universal history as an actual war between God and the Devil. Spiritual warfare In this war, God moves (by divine intervention/ Divine providence) those governments, political/ideological movements and military forces aligned (or aligned the most) with the Catholic Church (the City of God) in order to oppose by all means (including military) those governments, political/ideological movements and military forces aligned (or aligned the most) with the Devil (the City of the Devil). While the City of God is always the Church and those movements or governments that support it, the City of the Devil changes significantly with the centuries. In Catholic doctrine This concept of universal history is actual part of the official doctrine of the Catholic Church as was most recently stated in the Second Vatican Council' s Gaudium et Spes document: \"The Church ... holds that in her most benign Lord and Master can be found the key, the focal point and the goal of man, as well as of all human history...all of human life, whether individual or collective, shows itself to be a dramatic struggle between good and evil, between light and darkness...The Lord is the goal of human history the focal point of the longings of history and of civilization, the center of the human race, the joy of every heart and the answer to all its yearnings\" (GS 10, 13, 45). Key points The Catholic Encyclopedia depicts the key point of Speech of Universal History as follows: “…This is why the idea of Providence is at the same time the law of history. If the crash of empires \"falling one upon another\" does not in truth express some purpose of God regarding humanity, then history, or what is called by that name, is indeed no longer anything but a chaotic chronology, the meaning of which we should strive in vain to disentangle. In that case, fortune, or rather chance, would be the mistress of human affairs; the existence of humanity would be only a bad dream, or phantasmagoria, whose changing face would be inadequate to mask a void of nothingness. We should be fretting ourselves in that void without reason and almost without cause, our very actions would be but phantoms, and the only result of so many efforts accumulated through so many thousands of years would be the conviction, every day more clear, of their uselessness, which would be another void of nothingness. And why, after all, were there Greeks and Romans? Of what use was Salamis? Actium? Poitiers? Lepanto? Why was there a Caesar, and a Charlemagne? Let us frankly own, then, that unless something Divine circulates in history, there", "title": "Speech of Universal History" }, { "docid": "4263593", "text": "Enham Alamein is a village and civil parish about miles north of Andover in the north of Hampshire, England. It was named Enham until 1945. There are three population areas, in order from north to south, now named Upper Enham (formerly Upper King's Enham), Enham Alamein (formerly Lower King's Enham and then Enham) and Knight's Enham. At the 2011 Census the population of the civil parish was 804. Knight's Enham is now part of the north edge of suburban spread of Andover, about a kilometre south along the A343 road from Enham Alamein. The earlier settlement is a hamlet and a church with a first recorded date of 1241. The village of Enham was one of the original \"Village Centres\" chosen for the rehabilitation of injured and war-disabled soldiers returning from the front line of World War I. Originally funded by King George V in 1919, the Village Centre became a hub for the care of these soldiers where they were retrained in new trades such as basketry, upholstery, gardening services and other trades. This formed the basis of the Enham Trust charity and limited company, which continues today and owns the majority of Enham Alamein village, providing care for civilians with disabilities. Etymology and history Enham The spelling Anglo-Saxon \"Eanham\" is recorded from the year 1008, pointing to ēan-hām = \"lamb homestead\" or ēan-hamm = \"enclosure, for the raising of lambs\". There is a speculation that the \"raising of lambs\" refers to the rebirth of England under the one Christian God, as decreed in the Enham Codes written in the year 1008 at what later became Kings Enham (Upper and Lower), the royal estate of the 1008 lawcode and known as such in the later Middle Ages. Of particular interest is the meeting of the Witan including Bishop Wulfstan and King Aethelred II at Upper (Kings) Enham on 16 May 1008. ). This law-making council of 40 nobles and around 360 retainers put into draft a decree detailing the social ordering of England and to bring England as a whole under one Christian God, One King, and giving all men the right to law. These laws were aimed at bringing the populace together against the Viking raiders and are referred to as \"the Enham Codes\" The meeting was held at what later became Kings (Upper) Enham on the high ground along what is now MacCallum Road (previously Enham Lane) at Home Farm (previously Kings Enham Farm). At Home Farm there are Neolithic, Bronze Age, Iron Age, Roman, Anglo-Saxon and medieval deposits indicating consistent habitation, with at least one Roman villa confirmed as significant by Andover Museum, and a clear boundary ditch locally known as \"the valley\". Other deep earthworks can be remembered in living memory before they were filled in to make way for modern farm machinery. Early records are: 1008: Eanham, i.e. Anglo-Saxon ēan-hām = \"lamb home\" or ēan-hamm = \"enclosure by a river or marsh, for lambs\" 1066: Domesday Book \"Etham\" 1167: Enham 1281: Separate settlement of", "title": "Enham Alamein" }, { "docid": "2179994", "text": "Matthew 5:9 is the ninth verse of the fifth chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament. It is the seventh verse of the Sermon on the Mount, and also seventh of what are known as the Beatitudes. Content In the King James Version of the Bible the text reads: Blessed are the peacemakers: for they shall be called the children of God. The New International Version translates the passage as: Blessed are the peacemakers, for they will be called sons of God. The Novum Testamentum Graece text is: μακάριοι οἱ εἰρηνοποιοί, ὅτι αὐτοὶ υἱοὶ Θεοῦ κληθήσονται. For a collection of other versions see BibleHub Matthew 5:9. Analysis The word peacemakers does not imply pacifism, unlike later sections of the sermon. It does not refer to those who do not fight, but those who actively bring conflict to an end. Hill notes that peacemakers is a rarely used word in the period, and that it was most commonly used to refer to Roman Emperors who had brought peace. As such this verse formed the heart of St. Augustine's argument in favour of just war, arguing that a war that brought about greater peace was justified. Clark notes that the first century was in the middle of the Pax Romana and actual wars were rare and that the verse may have referred to disputes within the community, rather than actual wars. Hare agrees that this verse isn't praise of the Pax Romana, but rather a reflection that the Roman forces had not brought harmony or cooperation and that such things were impossible to impose by force. Davies and Allison notes that the verse can be read as supporting those who are at peace with God, but they state that most scholars believe it more likely refers to those who are reconciled with other people, a theme which recurs in Matthew. Boring believes this verse is a rejection of the proto-Zealots and a defence of why the Christian community did not participate in the First Jewish–Roman War. Martin Luther and other early Protestant translators of the Bible preferred the translation \"children of God,\" because they wanted to avoid any confusion as to whether Jesus was the only Son of God. \"Sons of God\" is, however, the more accurate translation and is used by most modern Bible translations. In several places the Gospel makes clear that the population in general can be called sons of God and Jesus frequently refers to God as \"our Father\" or \"your Father.\" Other than \"blessed are the meek\" in Matthew 5:5 this is perhaps the most famous of the Beatitudes. It was the personal motto of James I of England, and has been used by a number of other groups and organizations. In The Canterbury Tales \"The Tale of Melibee\" this verse is one of the main themes. The Beatitude is quoted three times by Shakespeare, but each time ironically. It appears a 2.1.25 of Henry VI, part 2, 2.1.50-3 of Richard III, and 5.3.138-40", "title": "Matthew 5:9" }, { "docid": "2796702", "text": "Apollo and Daphne is a transformation myth. No written or artistic versions survive from ancient Greek mythology, so it is likely Hellenistic in origin. It was retold by Roman authors in the form of an amorous vignette. History The earliest known source of this myth is Parthenius, a Greek poet who lived during the 1st century BCE, however, the most well-known and lyrical telling was by the Roman poet Ovid in his Metamorphoses (I.438–567), a collection of Greek fables first written in 8 CE. Mythos Purpose The myth purportedly explains the origin of the laurel tree and its connection to Apollo, although \"Apollo was emphatically associated with the laurel before the advent of the Daphne myth.\" Apollo's priestess employed the use of the leaves at Delphi and they also became the symbol of victory and achievement as laurel wreaths were given to the victors of the Pythian Games. Characters The story generally involves three main players: Apollo (Phoebus) – Greek god of healing, archery, music and arts, sunlight, knowledge, and patron of Delphi. Regarded as a great warrior and as the most beautiful of the gods. Eros (Cupid, Amor) – god of love and sex; also known for his use of bow and arrow. He was often depicted as a winged boy, beginning in the Hellenistic period. Daphne – a naiad (nymph), or huntress of Artemis. Her parentage varies, depending on the source, but it's generally understood that her father is a river god (either Peneus or Ladon) and her mother was either the nymph Creusa or Gaia. As a Roman, Ovid called the gods by their Roman names (i.e. Jupiter and Juno instead of Zeus and Hera). However, despite the Roman counterpart of Apollo sharing the same name, Ovid switches between calling him Phoebus and Apollo. It would seem that this reference is used when referring to Apollo in his role as sun god, since the name is an epithet of his maternal grandmother Phoibe (\"the bright one\"), but there isn't agreement among scholars on this. Ovid's version Ovid breaks the myth out into five parts, beginning with Apollo slaying the Python and ending with the creation of the Pythian Crown. Ovid's Metamorphoses, tr. Anthony S. Kline version of the story translates it in the following way: Defeat of Python (I:438–472) Apollo and Daphne's story takes place right after the great snake that terrorized mankind is slain by Apollo. Apollo pierced the Python with 1,000 arrows and then founded the sanctuary of Delphi atop of the Python's dead body. This sanctuary became home to the famous oracle, Pythia, and the sacred Pythian Games were held to celebrate his victory. The winners were, at first, honored with oak wreaths, since the laurel didn't yet exist. Afterwards, Apollo spots Eros stringing his bow and comments:\"Impudent boy, what are you doing with a man's weapons? That one is suited to my shoulders, since I can hit wild beasts of a certainty, and wound my enemies... You should be intent on stirring the", "title": "Apollo and Daphne" }, { "docid": "39132", "text": "In ancient Roman religion and myth, Faunus was the rustic god of the forest, plains and fields; when he made cattle fertile, he was called Inuus. He came to be equated in literature with the Greek god Pan, after which Romans depicted him as a horned god. Faunus was one of the oldest Roman deities, known as the di indigetes. According to the epic poet Virgil, he was a legendary king of the Latins. His shade was consulted as a goddess of prophecy under the name of Fatuus, with oracles in the sacred grove of Tibur, around the well Albunea, and on the Aventine Hill in ancient Rome itself. Marcus Terentius Varro asserted that the oracular responses were given in Saturnian verse. Faunus revealed the future in dreams and voices that were communicated to those who came to sleep in his precincts, lying on the fleeces of sacrificed lambs. Fowler (1899) suggested that Faunus is identical with Favonius, one of the Roman wind gods (compare the Anemoi). Etymology The name Faunus is generally thought to stem from Proto-Italic fawe or fawono (variant fawōn(jo)), thus being cognate with Umbrian fons, foner ('merciful'). It may ultimately derive from Proto-Indo-European (PIE) bʰh₂u-n ('favourable'), which also reflects Old Irish búan ('good, favourable, firm') and Middle Welsh bun ('maiden, sweetheart'). Another theory contends that Faunus is the Latin outcome of PIE dhau-no- ('the strangler', thus denoting the 'wolf'), a proposition suggested by the fact that the two Luperci (\"wolf-men\", from Latin lupus, 'wolf') are commonly treated as temporary priests of the god Faunus. Origin Faunus may be of Indo-European origin and related to the Vedic god Rudra. It is believed that he was worshipped by traditional Roman farmers before becoming a nature deity. Consorts and family In fable Faunus appears as an old king of Latium, grandson of Saturnus, son of Picus, and father of Latinus by the nymph Marica (who was also sometimes Faunus' mother). After his death he is raised to the position of a tutelary deity of the land, for his many services to agriculture and cattle-breeding. A goddess of like attributes, called Fauna and Fatua, was associated in his worship. She was regarded as his sister and wife. The female deity Bona Dea was often equated with Fauna. As Pan was accompanied by the Paniskoi, or little Pans, so the existence of many Fauni was assumed besides the chief Faunus. Fauns are place-spirits (genii) of untamed woodland. Educated, Hellenizing Romans connected their fauns with the Greek satyrs, who were wild and orgiastic drunken followers of Dionysus, with a distinct origin. Conflation with Greek Pan Faunus was naturally conflated with the Greek god Pan, who was a pastoral god of shepherds who was said to reside in Arcadia. With the increasing influence of Greek mythology on Roman mythology in the 3rd and 2nd centuries , the Romans identified their own deities with Greek ones in what was called interpretatio Romana. However, the two deities were also considered separate by many; for instance,", "title": "Faunus" }, { "docid": "84895", "text": "Dis Pater (; ; genitive Ditis Patris), otherwise known as Rex Infernus or Pluto, is a Roman god of the underworld. Dis was originally associated with fertile agricultural land and mineral wealth, and since those minerals came from underground, he was later equated with the chthonic deities Pluto (Hades) and Orcus. Dis Pater's name was commonly shortened to Dis, and this name has since become an alternative name for the underworld or a part of the underworld, such as the City of Dis of Dante's The Divine Comedy, which comprises Lower Hell. Etymology The name Dis is a contraction of the Latin adjective dives ('wealthy, rich'), probably derived from divus, dius ('godlike, divine') via the form deiu-(o)t- or deiu-(e)t- ('who is like the gods, protected by/from the gods'). The occurrence of the deity Dis together with Pater ('father') may be due to association with Di(e)spiter (Jupiter). Cicero gave a similar etymology in De Natura Deorum, suggesting the meaning 'father of riches', and comparing the deity to the Greek name Pluto (Plouton, Πλούτων), meaning \"the rich one\", a title bestowed upon the Greek god Hades. Mythology Dis Pater eventually became associated with death and the underworld because mineral wealth such as gems and precious metals came from underground, wherein lies the realm of the dead, i.e. Hades' (Pluto's) domain. In being conflated with Pluto, Dis Pater took on some of the latter's mythological attributes, being one of the three sons of Saturn (Greek Cronus) and Ops (Greek Rhea), along with Jupiter (Greek Zeus) and Neptune (Greek Poseidon). He ruled the underworld and the dead beside his wife, Proserpina (Greek Persephone). In literature, Dis Pater's name was commonly used as a symbolic and poetic way of referring to death itself. Dis Pater was sometimes identified with the Sabine god Soranus. Julius Caesar, in his Commentaries on the Gallic Wars (VI:18), states that the Gauls all claimed descent from Dis Pater. This is an example of interpretatio romana: what Caesar meant was that the Gauls all claimed descent from a Gaulish god that he equated with the Roman Dis Pater. A scholium on the Pharsalia equates Dis Pater with Taranis, the Gaulish god of thunder. In southern Germany and the Balkans, Aericura was considered a consort of Dis Pater. Worship In 249 BC and 207 BC, the Roman Senate under senator Lucius Catellius ordained special festivals to appease Dis Pater and Proserpina. Every hundred years, a festival was celebrated in his name. According to legend, a round marble altar, Altar of Dis Pater and Proserpina (), was miraculously discovered by the servants of a Sabine called Valesius, the ancestor of the first consul. The servants were digging in the Tarentum on the edge of the Campus Martius to lay foundations following instructions given to Valesius's children in dreams, when they found the altar underground. Valesius reburied the altar after three days of games. Sacrifices were offered to this altar during the Ludi Saeculares or Ludi Tarentini. It may have been uncovered for each", "title": "Dis Pater" }, { "docid": "84918", "text": "In ancient Roman religion and myth, the Parcae (singular, Parca) were the female personifications of destiny who directed the lives (and deaths) of humans and gods. They are often called the Fates in English, and their Greek equivalent were the Moirai. They did not control a person's actions except when they are born, when they die, and how much they suffer. The Parcae recorded the metaphorical thread of life of every mortal and immortal from birth to death. Even the gods feared them, and by some sources Jupiter was also subject to their power. Nona was supposed to determine a person's lifespan on the dies lustricus, that is, the day on which the name of the child was chosen, which occurred on the ninth day from birth for a male and the eighth for a female. The recurrence of the nundinae was also considered a dies festus and as such nefas by some Roman scholars as Julius Caesar and Cornelius Labeo, because on it the flaminica dialis offered the sacrifice of a goat to Jupiter in the Regia. According to some treatments, the Parcae seem to be more powerful than many, or perhaps even all, of the gods: \"The power of the Parcae was great and extensive. Some suppose that they were subjected to none of the gods but Jupiter; while others support that even Jupiter himself was obedient to their commands; and indeed we see the father of the gods, in Homer's Iliad, unwilling to see Patroclus perish, yet obliged, by the superior power of the Fates, to abandon him to his destiny.\" Similarly: \"We have the clearest evidence of the poet for it, that whatever happens to us is under the influence of the Parcae. Jupiter himself can not interfere to save his son Sarpedon.\" Names and sources The names of the three Parcae are: Nona (Greek equivalent Clotho), who spun the thread of life from her distaff onto her spindle; Decima (Greek Lachesis), who measured the thread of life with her rod; Morta (Greek Atropos), who cut the thread of life and chose the manner of a person's death. The earliest extant documents referencing these deities are three small stelae (cippi) found near ancient Lavinium shortly after World War II. They bear the inscription: Neuna fata, Neuna dono, Parca Maurtia dono The names of two of the three Roman Parcae are recorded (Neuna = Nona, Maurtia = Morta) and connected to the concept of fata. One of the sources for the Parcae is Metamorphoses by Ovid, II 654, V 532, VIII 452, XV 781. Another source is Aeneid by Virgil, in the opening of Book I. See also Fates Norns, equivalent of the Fates in Norse mythology List of Roman birth and childhood deities References Further reading Thomas Blisniewski: Kinder der dunkelen Nacht. Die Ikonographie der Parzeten Mittelalter bis zum späten XVIII. Jahrhundert. Thesis. Cologne 1992. Berlin 1992 External links Roman goddesses Time and fate goddesses Triple goddesses Destiny Textiles in folklore Personifications in Roman mythology", "title": "Parcae" }, { "docid": "16511776", "text": "The Megalesia, Megalensia, or Megalenses Ludi was a festival celebrated in Ancient Rome from April 4 to April 10, in honour of Cybele, known to Romans as Magna Mater (Great Mother). The name of the festival derives from Greek Megale (μϵγάλη), meaning \"Great\". Ludi were the games or entertainments associated with religious festivals. Background Cybele's cult image was brought to Rome from Pessinus in 204 BC, along with the goddess's Gallae priestesses. As the \"Great Mother of the Gods\" and a purported ancestral Trojan goddess of Rome's ruling patrician caste, she was recruited to act on Rome's behalf in the war against Carthage. Her arrival was solemnized with a magnificent procession, sacred feasts (lectisternia), games, and offerings to her at the temple of Victory on the Palatine Hill, where her image was temporarily housed. In 203 Cybele was promised a temple of her own. Games in her honour were celebrated in 193. Regular annual celebration of the Megalesia began in 191, with the temple's completion and dedication by Marcus Junius Brutus. Festival The Megalesia commenced on April 4, the anniversary of Cybele's arrival in Rome. The festival structure is unclear, but it included ludi scaenici (plays and other entertainments based on religious themes), probably performed on the deeply stepped approach to her temple; some of the plays were commissioned from well-known playwrights. On April 10, her image was taken in public procession to the Circus Maximus, and chariot races were held there in her honour. The racetrack could be seen from her temple's threshold, and a statue of Magna Mater was permanently sited on the racetrack's dividing barrier, showing the goddess seated on a lion's back: the goddess could thus watch the festivities held in her honour. Roman bystanders seem to have perceived Megalesia as either characteristically \"Greek\"; or Phrygian. At the cusp of Rome's transition to Empire, the Greek Dionysius of Halicarnassus describes this procession as wild Phrygian \"mummery\" and \"fabulous clap-trap\", in contrast to the Megalesian sacrifices and games, carried out in what he admires as a dignified \"traditional Roman\" manner; Dionysius also applauds the wisdom of Roman religious law, which forbids the participation of any Roman citizen in the procession, and in the goddess's mysteries; Slaves are forbidden to witness any of this. In the late republican era, Lucretius vividly describes the procession's armed \"war dancers\" in their three-plumed helmets, clashing their shields together, bronze on bronze, \"delighted by blood\"; yellow-robed, long-haired, perfumed Galli waving their knives, wild music of thrumming tympanons and shrill flutes. Along the route, rose petals are scattered, and clouds of incense arise. The goddess's image, wearing the Mural Crown and seated within a sculpted, lion-drawn chariot, is carried high on a bier. The Roman display of Cybele's Megalesia procession as an exotic, privileged public pageant offers signal contrast to what is known of the private, socially inclusive Phrygian-Greek mysteries on which it was based. During the festival, wealthy Roman nobles played host to each other, in rotation, in honour of the goddess;", "title": "Megalesia" }, { "docid": "9510445", "text": "In early modern scholarship, a cult to a supposed Heliopolitan Triad of Jupiter, Venus and Mercury (or Dionysus) was thought to have originated in ancient Canaanite religion, adopted and adapted firstly by the Greeks, and then by the Romans when they colonised the city of Heliopolis (modern Baalbeck) in the Beqaa Valley of Lebanon. The Canaanite god Baʿal (Hadad) was equated with Jupiter Heliopolitanus as sun-god, Astarte or Atargatis with Venus Heliopolitana as his wife, and Adon, the god of spring, with either Mercury or Dionysus as third member of the triad, son of Heliopolitan Venus and Heliopolitan Jupiter. The Romans were thought to have built magnificent temples for the Heliopolitan Triad as the ruling deities of Heliopolis, rather in the manner of the colonial temples built to their own Capitoline triad, and for much the same reasons; to foster a Roman identity and co-operation. The take-over of Heliopolis involved the establishment of Roman priesthoods and magistracies; but only two inscriptions at Heliopolis and 4 at Beirut are dedicated to Jupiter, Venus and Mercury. Nearly 30 at Heliopolis and 11 at Beirut are dedicated to Jupiter alone. The recognition and promotion of local deities in forms that recalled the structure and relationships of Rome's Capitoline Triad was a long-standing feature of Rome's expansion, an appeal to what was held in common by different cultures in their empire. At the same time, the value of local deities was in their uniquely local identity and differences. For scholars exploring those identities and differences, seeking out and finding Triads with somewhat mystifyingly distant connections was a legitimate and self-perpetuating feature of Middle Eastern studies; observed differences and similarities of cults and deities could be explained as aspects of syncretism. Kropp asserts that especially with reference to Heliopolis, compounded identities such as Jupiter-Haddad, or Venus-Atargatis, et al are \"never addressed with Semitic names, and rarely if ever depicted with visual contaminations. [...] Our difficulties in keeping them apart are thus no licence to conflate them. The principle should be not to multiply names and epithets more than absolutely necessary.\" Scholarly reexamination of the archaeological and iconographic evidence suggests that the notion of a Heliopolitan Triad is a modern scholarly artefact, deriving from Roman perceptions of functional similarities between their own and local deities, the naming of local deities after Roman ones, and Roman deities after local ones, sometimes on very slender grounds. Some very late (4th century) and extravagant claims by Macrobius for multiple aspects of single or compounded identities involve a plethora of Roman, Greek and mid-eastern deities, including Jupiter of Heliopolis as a sun-god, at least partly on the grounds that \"Helios\" is a Greek name for the sun, and the sun-god. There is, however, no archaeological, epigraphic or iconographic evidence for any stable, familial or functionally effective triple grouping within the near-endless and various native Heliopolitan or Canaanite pantheons, and none for the clear equivalence of leading Roman and Heliopolitan deities either prior to the likely Roman occupation during Rome's civil", "title": "Heliopolitan Triad" }, { "docid": "1403779", "text": "Household Gods is a 1999 science fiction time-travel novel written by Harry Turtledove and Judith Tarr. Plot summary The story focuses on Nicole Gunther-Perrin, a young lawyer in late 20th-century Los Angeles who is dissatisfied with her hectic life, which includes balancing her career with being a mother and dealing with her deadbeat ex-husband and sexist coworkers. Believing the past to be a better time, one evening after a particularly distressing day, she makes a wistful plea to a plaque of two Roman gods, Liber and Libera, who take it as a prayer. Unknown to her, the plaque, which she thinks is a tourist copy picked up in Europe on holidays on a trip a few years earlier, is actually an ancient relic from the Roman Era. The next morning, she finds herself waking up in the body of one of her ancient ancestors running a tavern in the 2nd century Carnuntum, in what is now Austria. In general, she finds out the hard way that life in the past was not quite what she thought it would be: slavery is taken for granted, and there are no women's rights, no effective medicine or clean medical practices, little entertainment, and no tampons. Over the course of six months, she is forced to revise many of her long-held modern prejudices, including those against alcohol and corporal punishment. She survives epidemic disease (the Antonine Plague) and a Germanic invasion that is part of the Marcomannic Wars. She finds that early Christianity was uncomfortably zealous and apocalyptic. Having managed to avoid rape during the occupation of the city by Germanic \"barbarians\", she experiences a brutal rape by one of the Roman soldiers who came to liberate the city. Afterwards, she discusses the role of government and its duties to abused citizens with Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius, who headed personally the Roman military force arriving at Carnuntum. Eventually, Liber and Libera fulfill her desire to return home. She wakes from a six-day 'coma' to discover that she can improve both her working and family life. Not only have her hard-won skills given her more empathy and self-confidence, but also she now has greater appreciation for the life that modern conveniences allow. With her new perspective, she can more easily and successfully deal with the stress and difficulties of her existence. Critical reactions Jo Walton remarked, \"Household Gods is a well-written book that always annoys the heck out of me.... Nicole Gunther-Perrin is a lawyer in Los Angeles, and she’s the most irritating person you could ever spend a whole book with.... she's had this marvellous opportunity and there she is so passive and ignorant that I want to kick her out of the way and do it myself and prove that women can be Martin Padway and not all Nicole Gunther-Perrin. (Also, I have had headlice. They're not that bad.)\" References Novels about time travel 1999 American novels Collaborative novels Novels by Harry Turtledove 1999 science fiction novels Novels set in ancient Rome", "title": "Household Gods (novel)" }, { "docid": "4307791", "text": "The Temple of Janus stood in the Roman Forum near the Basilica Aemilia, along the Argiletum. It was a small temple with a statue of Janus, the two-faced god of boundaries and beginnings inside. Its doors were known as the \"Gates of Janus\", which were closed in times of peace and opened in times of war. There are many theories about its original purpose; some say that it was a bridge over the Velabrum, and some say it functioned as a gate to the Capitoline. Origins According to Livy 1.19 the second king of Rome, Numa Pompilius, decided to distract the early, warlike Romans from their violent ways by instilling in them awe and reverence. His projects included promoting religion, certain priesthoods, and the building of temples as a distraction with the beneficial effect of imbuing spirituality. The Janus in the Roman Forum, although not a temple was claimed to be Numa's most famous architectural project. In the early stages of the city of Rome, the inhabitants lived in separate walled villas. The Janus was the gate from the Forum to the rest of Rome as originally the Forum was the courtyard of the king's villa. Ancient descriptions Plutarch, in Life of King Numa, wrote:[Janus] also has a temple at Rome with double doors, which they call the gates of war; for it always stands open in time of war, but is closed when peace has come. The latter was a difficult matter, and it rarely happened, since the realm was always engaged in some war, as its increasing size brought it into collision with the barbarous nations which encompassed it round about. But in the time of Augustus it was closed, after he had overthrown Mark Antony; and before that, when Marcus Atilius and Titus Manlius were consuls, it was closed for a short time; then war broke out again at once, and it was opened. Appearance and construction The Temple of Janus was a small temple just large enough to house a bronze statue of the god. A small portion of the temple's brick structure can be found beside the ruins of the Basilica Aemilia, along the path of the Argiletum in the Roman Forum, so much of what we know about the temple visually comes from Roman scholars and artifacts. The various styles of architecture seen on Roman coins suggest rough dates for the reconstructions; both in the third and fourth centuries BC. As described by the Byzantine scholar Procopius who says \"the temple is entirely of bronze and was erected in the form of a square, but it is only large enough to cover the statue of Janus ... of bronze and not less than five cubits high\". There are also descriptions that can be taken from items from the Roman world most notably coins minted for Emperor Nero. These coins depict the Temple of Janus as a small rectangular building with two doors accompanied by two columns having Ashlar masonry on the outside and only", "title": "Temple of Janus (Roman Forum)" }, { "docid": "85373", "text": "Honos () or Honor () was the Roman god personifying honor. He was closely associated with Virtus, the goddess of manliness, or bravery, and the two are frequently depicted together. Honos is typically shown wearing a chaplet of bay leaves, while Virtus is identified by her helmet. In 234 BC, Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus dedicated a temple to Honos just outside the Porta Capena, one of Rome's principal gates, following his victory over the Ligures. Twelve years later, after Marcus Claudius Marcellus defeated and slew the Gallic king, Viridomarus, at the Battle of Clastidium, to win the spolia opima, he vowed a temple to Honos and Virtus. He renewed this vow after capturing Syracuse in 212 BC, during the Second Punic War, and while consul in 208 he attempted to fulfill it by rededicating the existing temple in the name of both gods. The College of Pontiffs refused to allow this, so Marcellus restored the temple of Honos, and built a second, adjoining shrine to Virtus, making a double temple. Marcellus was slain in an ambush near Venusia later that year, so the temple was dedicated by his son in 205. It was richly adorned with treasures that Marcellus had brought from Syracuse, although many of these disappeared over the next two centuries. The temple was restored by Vespasian, and was still standing in the fourth century AD. Another temple to Honos and Virtus was built by Gaius Marius during his fifth consulship in 101 BC, using the spoils he had captured from the Cimbri and the Teutones. The shrine was probably built on the slopes of the Capitoline Hill, and Vitruvius praises the work of its architect, Gaius Mucius. It was here that the Roman Senate voted to recall Cicero from exile in 57 BC. References Bibliography Marcus Tullius Cicero, De Divinatione (On Divination), De Natura Deorum (On the Nature of the Gods), De Republica (On the Republic), In Verrem, Pro Sestio, Pro Plancio. Marcus Vitruvius Pollio, De Architectura (On Architecture). Titus Livius (Livy), History of Rome. Valerius Maximus, Factorum ac Dictorum Memorabilium (Memorable Facts and Sayings). Gaius Plinius Secundus (Pliny the Elder), Historia Naturalis (Natural History). Lucius Mestrius Plutarchus (Plutarch), Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans. Quintus Aurelius Symmachus, Epistulae (Letters). Harper's Dictionary of Classical Literature and Antiquities, Harry Thurston Peck, ed. (Second Edition, 1897). Samuel Ball Platner & Thomas Ashby, A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome, Oxford University Press (1929). Justice gods Roman gods War gods Personifications in Roman mythology", "title": "Honos" }, { "docid": "30250827", "text": "Hephaestus makes many appearances in popular culture. Hephaestus appears in W H Auden's poem \"The Shield of Achilles\" Hephaestus participates in a story science fiction duology Ilium/Olympos by Dan Simmons. Hephaestus appears briefly in the Clash of the Titans, portrayed by British wrestler and actor Pat Roach. Hephaestus plays a role in the 2010 video game God of War III and is voiced by actor Rip Torn; he assists protagonist Kratos by providing him with new weapons, the electrically based Nemesis Whip, but betrays Kratos and in turn is killed by him in an attempt to keep him away from his created daughter Pandora. He also created the weapon, the Gauntlet of Zeus, that appears in the 2008 video game God of War: Chains of Olympus. In the God of War novel (2010), it is revealed that he created Kratos' Blades of Chaos in Tartarus (the original video game only said that Ares had them forged in Tartarus but did not state who forged them). In Diablo II, the player has to kill Hephasto the Armorer in order to complete a quest. Hephaestus appears in several episodes of the TV series Hercules: The Legendary Journeys, Young Hercules and Xena: Warrior Princess. He is portrayed by the actors Julian Garner and Jason Hoyte. Hephaestus appears in the Pastoral Symphony segment of the 1940 Disney film Fantasia. He is shown forging thunderbolts for Zeus to throw at Dionysus. However, while Zeus kept his Greek name, the animators referred to Hephaestus and Dionysus by their Roman names, Vulcan and Bacchus. Hephaestus appeared in the 1997 Disney movie, Hercules and the animated series based on it, as one of the gods upon Mount Olympus and the brother of Hercules. He is shown to be engaged to Aphrodite and hates it when Hades flirts with her. Hephaestus appears in Justice League Unlimited voiced by Ed Asner. Hephaestus appears in the fourth book in the Percy Jackson and the Olympians series, The Battle of the Labyrinth and in the Heroes of Olympus series, \"The Lost Hero\" as the father of Leo Valdez. In these series, his workshop is shown to have moved from Mount Aetna to Mount St. Helens. In John C. Wright's Titans of Chaos, Hephaestus (Mulciber) is one of the powerful gods who attends the conference on what to do with the children; he offers Amelia a job as part of their plan to split the children up. In the 2000-2004 Andromeda (TV series), the Battle of Hephaistos was the opening battle in First Systems Commonwealth Civil War against the Systems Commonwealth. The spaceship Andromeda Ascendant ended up trapped on the edge of the Event Horizon of a black hole for over 300 years. These events formed the basis of many events portrayed throughout the series. Vulcan appears in The Apotheosis of Washington, producing a cannon and a steam engine. Vulcan (at his forge in Mount Etna) was visited by German adventurer Baron Munchausen in the stories of Rudolph Erich Raspe. This story was", "title": "Hephaestus in popular culture" }, { "docid": "3383953", "text": "Desecration is the act of depriving something of its sacred character, or the disrespectful, contemptuous, or destructive treatment of that which is held to be sacred or holy by a group or individual. Overview Many consider acts of desecration to be sacrilegious acts. This can include desecration of sacred books, sacred places or sacred objects. Desecration generally may be considered from the perspective of a particular religion or spiritual activity. Desecration may be applied to natural systems or components, particularly if those systems are part of naturalistic spiritual religion. To respectfully remove the sacred character of a place or an object is deconsecration, and is distinct from desecration. Some religions, such as the Roman Catholic Church have specific rules as to what constitutes desecration and what should be done in these circumstances. Examples In Judaism In Judaism, the \"Desecration of God's Name\" meaning the desecration of any aspect of Judaism and its beliefs and practices as commanded in the Torah and Jewish Law and hence of God, is known as Chillul Hashem from the Hebrew meaning \"[the] Desecration [of] the Name [of] God\". In some instances to avoid Chillul Hashem Judaism would require that its adherents die as martyrs. The opposite or converse of Chillul Hashem in Judaism is Kiddush Hashem meaning \"Sanctification [of] the Name of God\". Christianization of the Roman Empire Examples of the destruction of pagan temples in the late fourth century, as recorded in surviving texts, describe Martin of Tours' attacks on holy sites in Gaul, the destruction of temples in Syria by Marcellus, the destruction of temples and images in, and surrounding, Carthage, the Patriarch Theophilus who seized and destroyed pagan temples in Alexandria, the levelling of all the temples in Gaza and the wider destruction of holy sites that spread rapidly throughout Egypt. This is supplemented in abundance by archaeological evidence in the northern provinces exposing broken and burnt out buildings and hastily buried objects of piety. The leader of the Egyptian monks who participated in the sack of temples replied to the victims who demanded back their sacred icons: I peacefully removed your gods...there is no such thing as robbery for those who truly possess Christ. At the turn of the century St Augustine gave a sermon to his congregation in Carthage on removing all tangible symbols of paganism: Am I saying \"Stop wanting what you want\"? On the contrary, we must be thankful that you want what God wants. That every superstition of the pagans and the Gentiles should be abolished is what God wants, God has ordered, God has foretold, God has begun to bring about, and in many parts of the world has already in great measure achieved. In the year 407 a decree was issued to the west from Rome: If any images stand even now in the temples and shrines...., they shall be torn from their foundations...The temples situated in cities or towns shall be taken for public use. Altars shall be destroyed in all places. Sacred sites", "title": "Desecration" }, { "docid": "85609", "text": "In Roman mythology and religion, Quirinus ( , ) is an early god of the Roman state. In Augustan Rome, Quirinus was also an epithet of Janus, as Janus Quirinus. Name Attestations The name of god Quirinus is recorded across Roman sources as Curinus, Corinus, Querinus, Queirinus and QVIRINO, also as fragmented IOVI. CYRIN[O]. The name is also attested as a surname to Hercules as Hercules Quirinus. Etymology The name Quirīnus probably stems from Latin quirīs, the name of Roman citizens in their peacetime function. Since both quirīs and Quirīnus are connected with Sabellic immigrants into Rome in ancient legends, it may be a loanword. The meaning \"wielder of the spear\" (Sabine quiris, 'spear', cf. Janus Quirinus), or a derivation from the Sabine town of Cures, have been proposed by Ovid in his Fasti 2.477-480. Some scholars have interpreted the name as a contraction of Co-Virīnus (originally the protector of the community, cf. cūria < co-viria), descending from an earlier Co-Wironos, itself from the Proto-Indo-European noun (\"man\"). Linguist Michiel de Vaan argues that this etymology \"is not credible phonetically and not very compelling semantically.\" Depiction and worship In earlier Roman art, Quirinus was portrayed as a bearded man with religious and military clothing. However, he was almost never depicted in later Roman art. His main festival was the Quirinalia, held on February 17. The priest of Quirinus, the Flamen Quirinalis, was one of the three patrician flamines maiores (\"major flamens\") who had precedence over the Pontifex Maximus. History Quirinus most likely was originally a Sabine war god. The Sabines had a settlement near the eventual site of Rome, and erected an altar to Quirinus on the Collis Quirinalis, Quirinal Hill, one of the Seven hills of Rome. When the Romans settled in the area, the cult of Quirinus became part of their early belief system. This occurred before the later influences from classical Greek culture. Deified Romulus By the end of the 1st century BCE, Quirinus would be considered to be the deified legendary first king, Romulus. In his Life of Romulus, Plutarch wrote that, shortly after Rome's founder had disappeared under what some considered suspicious circumstances, a Roman noble named Proculus Julius reported that Romulus had come to him while he was travelling. He claimed that Romulus had instructed him to tell his countrymen that he, Romulus, was Quirinus. Brelich's argument for split deification Historian Angelo Brelich argued that Quirinus and Romulus were originally the same divine entity which was split into a founder hero and a god when Roman religion became demythicised. To support this, he points to the association of both Romulus and Quirinus with the grain spelt, through the Fornacalia or Stultorum Feriae, according to Ovid's Fasti. The last day of the festival is called the Quirinalia and corresponds with the traditional day of Romulus' death. On that day, the Romans would toast spelt as an offering to the goddess Fornax. In one version of the legend of Romulus' death cited by Plutarch, he was killed", "title": "Quirinus" }, { "docid": "37220406", "text": "The Jacob and Simon uprising was a revolt instigated in Roman Judea by brothers Simon and Jacob in 46–48 CE. The revolt, which was concentrated in the Galilee, began as a sporadic insurgency and when climaxed in 48 CE was quickly put down by Roman authorities and both brothers executed. Background The Crisis under Caligula (37–41) has been proposed as the \"first open break between Rome and the Jews\", even though problems were already evident during the Census of Quirinius in 6 and under Sejanus (before 31). Josephus' Jewish Antiquities states that there were three main Jewish sects at this time, the Pharisees, the Sadducees, and the Essenes. The Zealots were a \"fourth sect\", founded by Judas of Galilee (also called Judas of Gamala) in the year 6 against Quirinius' tax reform, shortly after the Roman Empire declared what had most recently been the tetrarchy of Herod Archelaus to be a Roman province, and that they \"agree in all other things with the Pharisaic notions; but they have an inviolable attachment to liberty, and say that God is to be their only Ruler and Lord.\" (18.1.6) According to the Jewish Encyclopedia article on Zealots: Others have also argued that the group was not so clearly marked out (before the first war of 66-70/3) as some have thought. Revolt of 48 CE The information on the revolt which erupted in Galilee, then part of the Roman Judea province, is limited. The sources however indicate that the revolt was motivated by anti-Roman sentiments and driven by Zealots. The revolt, which was concentrated in the Galilee, began as sporadic insurgency and then climaxed in 48 CE. Two of Judas the Galilean' sons, Jacob and Simon, were involved in a revolt and were executed by Tiberius Alexander, the procurator of Iudaea province from 46 to 48. Aftermath 18 years after the events of the revolt in Galilee the entire province of Judea revolted against Rome, in what became known as the Great Revolt of Judea. See also Second Temple List of conflicts in the Near East References 46 47 48 40s in the Roman Empire 1st-century Judaism 1st-century rebellions Galilee Jewish–Roman wars Judea (Roman province) Rebellions in Asia Rebellions against the Roman Empire Religion-based wars 40s conflicts", "title": "Jacob and Simon uprising" }, { "docid": "1719", "text": "Ambrosius Aurelianus (; Anglicised as Ambrose Aurelian and called Aurelius Ambrosius in the Historia Regum Britanniae and elsewhere) was a war leader of the Romano-British who won an important battle against the Anglo-Saxons in the 5th century, according to Gildas. He also appeared independently in the legends of the Britons, beginning with the 9th-century Historia Brittonum. Eventually, he was transformed by Geoffrey of Monmouth into the uncle of King Arthur, the brother of Arthur's father Uther Pendragon, as a ruler who precedes and predeceases them both. He also appears as a young prophet who meets the tyrant Vortigern; in this guise, he was later transformed into the wizard Merlin. According to Gildas Ambrosius Aurelianus is one of the few people whom Gildas identifies by name in his sermon De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae, and the only one named from the 5th century. De Excidio is considered the oldest extant British document about the so-called Arthurian period of Sub-Roman Britain. Following the destructive assault of the Saxons, the survivors gather together under the leadership of Ambrosius, who is described as: Ambrosius was possibly of high birth and very likely a Christian: Gildas says that he won his battles \"with God's help\". Ambrosius's parents were slain by the Saxons and he was among the few survivors of their initial invasion. According to Gildas, Ambrosius organised the survivors into an armed force and achieved the first military victory over the Saxon invaders. However, this victory was not decisive: \"Sometimes the Saxons and sometimes the citizens [meaning the Romano-British inhabitants] were victorious.\" Due to Gildas's description of him, Ambrosius is one of the figures called the Last of the Romans. Scholarship questions Two points in Gildas's description have attracted much scholarly commentary. The first is what Gildas meant by saying Ambrosius' family \"had worn the purple\". Roman emperors and male Patricians wore clothes with a purple band to denote their class so the reference to purple may be to an aristocratic heritage. Roman military tribunes (tribuni militum), senior officers in Roman legions, wore a similar purple band so the reference may be to a family background of military leadership. The tradition was old, as the togas and pallia of already ancient senators and tribunes were trimmed with the purple band. In the church, \"the purple\" is a euphemism for blood and therefore \"wearing the purple\" may be a reference to martyrdom or a bishop's robe. In addition, in the later Roman Empire both Roman consuls and governors of consular rank also wore clothes with a purple fringe. The Notitia Dignitatum, a Roman catalogue of official posts, lists four or five provincial governors in Roman Britain and two of them were of consular rank. One was the governor of Maxima Caesariensis and the other that of Valentia. The parent who wore the purple may well have been one of these governors, whose names were not recorded. It has been suggested by historian Alex Woolf that Ambrosius may have been related to the 5th-century Romano-British usurpers", "title": "Ambrosius Aurelianus" }, { "docid": "36266366", "text": "Lateranus is an ancient Roman tutelary god of hearths (foci) and a Genius of brick ovens, according to a satirical passage in the Christian writer Arnobius: Lateranus, as you say, is the god and genius of hearths, and received this name because men build that kind of fireplace of unbaked bricks. What then? if hearths were made of baked clay, or any other material whatever, will they have no genii? and will Lateranus, whoever he is, abandon his duty as guardian, because the kingdom which he possesses has not been formed of clay? And for what purpose, I ask, has that god received the charge of hearths? He runs about the kitchens of men, examining and discovering with what kinds of wood the heat in their fires is produced; he gives strength to earthen vessels, that they may not fly in pieces, overcome by the violence of the flames; he sees that the flavour of unspoilt dainties reaches the taste of the palate with their own pleasantness, and acts the part of a taster, and tries whether the sauces have been rightly prepared. The name Lateranus is based on the Latin stem meaning brick, later-, as in opus latericium, a type of brickwork (compare also laterculus). No other ancient writer mentions this god. W.H. Roscher places Lateranus among the indigitamenta, the list of deities maintained by Roman priests to assure that the correct divinity was invoked for rituals. See also Vesta, the major Roman deity who presided over the hearth Fornacalia, a Roman festival of ovens Fornax, the goddess of the Fornacalia Volcanus, the god of fire References Roman gods", "title": "Lateranus" }, { "docid": "19230710", "text": "Saturn ( ) was a god in ancient Roman religion, and a character in Roman mythology. He was described as a god of time, generation, dissolution, abundance, wealth, agriculture, periodic renewal and liberation. Saturn's mythological reign was depicted as a Golden Age of abundance and peace. After the Roman conquest of Greece, he was conflated with the Greek Titan Cronus. Saturn's consort was his sister Ops, with whom he fathered Jupiter, Neptune, Pluto, Juno, Ceres and Vesta. Saturn was especially celebrated during the festival of Saturnalia each December, perhaps the most famous of the Roman festivals, a time of feasting, role reversals, free speech, gift-giving and revelry. The Temple of Saturn in the Roman Forum housed the state treasury and archives (aerarium) of the Roman Republic and the early Roman Empire. The planet Saturn and the day of the week Saturday are both named after and were associated with him. Mythology The Roman land preserved the remembrance of a very remote time during which Saturn and Janus reigned on the site of the city before its foundation: the Capitol was called . The Romans identified Saturn with the Greek Cronus, whose myths were adapted for Latin literature and Roman art. In particular, Cronus's role in the genealogy of the Greek gods was transferred to Saturn. As early as Andronicus Jupiter was called the son of Saturn. Saturn had two mistresses who represented different aspects of the god. The name of his wife, Ops, the Roman equivalent of Greek Rhea, means \"wealth, abundance, resources.\" The association with Ops is considered a later development, however, as this goddess was originally paired with Consus. Earlier was Saturn's association with Lua (\"destruction, dissolution, loosening\"), a goddess who received the bloodied weapons of enemies destroyed in war. Under Saturn's rule, humans enjoyed the spontaneous bounty of the earth without labour in the \"Golden Age\" described by Hesiod and Ovid. He became known as the god of time. Etymology and epithets According to Varro, Saturn's name was derived from satus, meaning \"sowing\". Even though this etymology is problematic from the viewpoint of modern linguistics (for, while historically-motivated vowel length alternations do occur in Latin roots, the long ā in Sāturnus in particular remains unexplained with this etymology, and also because of the epigraphically attested form Saeturnus), nevertheless it does reflect an original feature of the god. Perhaps a more probable etymology connects the name with the Etruscan god Satre and placenames such as Satria, an ancient town of Latium, and Saturae palus, a marsh also in Latium. This root may be related to Latin phytonym satureia. (Like satus, however, satureia, Saturae palus, and probably also Satria, as indeed the apparently closely related Satricum, all also have a short a in the first syllable vs. the long ā of Sāturnus.) Another epithet, variably Sterculius, Stercutus, and Sterces, referred to his agricultural functions; this derives from stercus, \"dung\" or \"manure\", referring to re‑emergence from death to life. Farming was important to Roman identity, and Saturn was a part", "title": "Saturn (mythology)" }, { "docid": "18325157", "text": "Rusadir was an ancient Punic and Roman town at what is now Melilla, Spain, in northwest Africa. Under the Roman Empire, it was a colony in the province of Mauretania Tingitana. Name () was a Punic name meaning \"Powerful\" or \"High Cape\", after its nearby headland. It can also be understood as \"Cape of the Powerful One\", in reference to Baal, Tanit, or some other important Punic god. The format is similar to other Punic names along the North African coast, including Rusguniae, Rusubbicari, Rusuccuru, Rusippisir, Rusigan (Rachgoun), Rusicade, Ruspina, Ruspe, and Rsmlqr. The settlement's name was hellenized as Rhyssádeiron (). It appears in Latin as Rusadir, Rusicada, and Rusadder. As a Roman colony, it was also known as Flavia. Geography Like Abyla (present-day Ceuta), Rusadir was located on a small, easily defended peninsula connected to mainland Africa by a narrow isthmus. Its namesake cape is small but includes a large rocky hill, which was fortified. It lies at the northern end of a small bight which formed its harbor, itself part of the eastern shore of a much larger bight that stretches across the southern Mediterranean coast from Cape Three Forks (the classical ) to Cape Figalo west of Oran. Rusadir's own small bight lies beside a kind of natural amphitheater on the eastern slope of a steep rock high, where modern Melilla has grown up. History Punic town Rusadir was established as a Phoenician colony along the trading route between Phoenicia and the Strait of Gibraltar, itself guarded by the colonies of Tinga (Tangier), Abyla (Ceuta), Kart (San Roque), and Gadir (Cadiz). Like other outposts in the West, Rusadir eventually fell under Carthaginian dominion. Mauretanian town After Carthage's defeat in the Punic Wars, Rusadir passed into the control of the Roman client state Mauretania. It minted its own bronze coins, with Punic text and a bearded head (possibly Baal Hammon) obverse and a bee between ears of wheat reverse. Roman town Caligula assassinated the Mauretanian king in AD40 and proclaimed the annexation of his kingdom. His successor Claudius organized the new territories, placing Rusadir within the province of Mauretania Tingitana. Pliny describes 1st-century Rusadir as a native hillfort () and port (). It was made a colony in AD46. By the 3rd century, Rusadir was fully Christianized and quite prosperous. In the 4th century, Rusadir was the principal port for the Mauro-Roman kingdom. Later history The Vandal king Gaiseric, probably invited by Count Boniface, crossed from Spain to Tingis (Tangier) in 429. Some of his tens of thousands of followers besieged and conquered Rusadir around 430, while others overran the rest of northwest Africa. Focusing his attention on the Roman province of Africa, Gaiseric allowed Berber rebellions to remove most of his western territories from his control. Rusadir became part of the Berber kingdom of Altava. The Byzantine general Belisarius restored Roman control over Northern Africa (including Rusadir) around the year 533, as part of Justinian's Vandalic War. The Exarchate of Africa established by the Byzantines also focused", "title": "Rusadir" }, { "docid": "6144238", "text": "Triparadeisos or Triparadisus () was a settlement in Lebanon near the sources of the Orontes. A paradeisos was a hunting reserve or pleasure-ground for the nobility of the Achaemenid (Persian) Empire, normally a walled-in area with groves of trees, wild animals, and running water. Triparadeisos was the place where the Treaty of Triparadisus occurred, in which Alexander the Great's Empire was divided between his generals in 321 BC. It has been suggested that it was at the site of Roman Heliopolis (modern Baalbek). Heliopolis was a colony of the Roman Empire in what is now Lebanon. The name was Colonia Julia Augusta Felix Heliopolitana. Early history Ancient Triparadeisos -later named Heliopolis- initially formed part of the Diadochi kingdoms of Egypt & Syria. It had a small population of one thousand inhabitants during Alexander times. It was annexed by the Romans during their eastern wars. The Italic settlers of the Roman colony \"Colonia Julia Augusta Felix Heliopolitana\" may have arrived as early as the time of Caesar but were more probably the veterans of two Roman Legions under Augustus, during which time it hosted a Roman garrison. Indeed, the veterans of two Roman legions were established in the city (and region) of Berytus by emperor Augustus: the fifth Macedonian and the third Gallic., and Heliopolis from 15 BC to 193 AD formed part of the territory of Berytus. The population -probably nearly 15000 inhabitants- was mainly local in the second century under Hadrian with a few descendants of the Roman colonists and likely varied seasonally with market fairs and the schedules of the caravans to the coast and interior. According to Schlumberger, during the Roman conquest the city's temple to Baʿal & Haddu was conflated first with the worship of the Greek sun god Helios and then with the Greek and Roman sky god under the name \"Heliopolitan Zeus\" or \"Jupiter\". The present Temple of Jupiter (the biggest in Antiquity) presumably replaced an earlier one of Triparadeisos using the same foundations. Roman Heliopolis Triparadeisos/Heliopolis from 15 BC to 193 AD formed part of the territory of Berytus and was partially romanized. During Classical Antiquity, the city's temple to Baʿal & Haddu was conflated first with the worship of the Greek sun god Helios and then with the Greek and Roman sky god under the name \"Heliopolitan Zeus\" or \"Jupiter\". The present Temple of Jupiter presumably replaced an earlier one of Triparadeisos using the same foundation. The presence of a huge quarry was one of the reasons for the Roman decision to create a huge \"Great Court\" of a big pagan temple complex in this mountain site, located at nearly 1100 meters of altitude and on the eastern Borders of the Roman Empire: it took three centuries to create this colossal Roman paganism's temple complex, called Sanctuary of Heliopolis. Heliopolis was a noted oracle and pilgrimage site, whence the cult spread far afield, with inscriptions to the Heliopolitan god discovered in Athens, Rome, Pannonia, Venetia, Gaul, and near the Wall in Britain.", "title": "Triparadeisos" }, { "docid": "18949328", "text": "Augustus (plural Augusti; , ; \"majestic\", \"great\" or \"venerable\") was the main title of the Roman emperors during Antiquity. It was given as both name and title to Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus (often referred to simply as Augustus) in 27 BC, marking his accession as Rome's first emperor. On his death, it became an official title of his successor, and was so used by all emperors thereafter. The feminine form Augusta was used for Roman empresses and other female members of the imperial family. The masculine and feminine forms originated in the time of the Roman Republic, in connection with things considered divine or sacred in traditional Roman religion. Their use as titles for major and minor Roman deities of the Empire associated the imperial system and family with traditional Roman virtues and the divine will and may be considered a feature of the Roman imperial cult. In Rome's Greek-speaking provinces, \"Augustus\" was translated as Sebastos (Σεβαστός), or Hellenised as Augoustos (); these titles continued to be used in the Byzantine Empire until the Fall of Constantinople in 1453, although they gradually lost their imperial exclusivity in favour of Basileus and Autokrator. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the title \"Augustus\" would later be incorporated into the style of the Holy Roman Emperor, a precedent set by Charlemagne who used the title serenissimus Augustus. As such, Augustus was sometimes also used as a name for men of aristocratic birth, especially in the lands of the Holy Roman Empire. It remains a given name for males. Title in ancient Rome Earliest usage Some thirty years before its first association with Caesar's heir, augustus was an obscure honorific with religious associations. One early context (58 BC) associates it with provincial Lares (Roman household gods). In Latin poetry and prose, it signifies the further elevation or augmentation of what is already sacred or religious. Some Roman sources connected it to augury, and Rome was said to have been founded with the \"august augury\" of Romulus. Imperial honorific The first true Roman known as \"Augustus\" (and first counted as a Roman emperor) was Octavian. He was the adopted son and heir of Julius Caesar, who had been murdered for his seeming aspiration to divine monarchy, then subsequently and officially deified. Octavian studiously avoided any association with Caesar's claims, other than acknowledging his position and duties as Divi filius (\"son of the deified one\"). Nevertheless, his position was unique and extraordinary. He had ended Rome's prolonged and bloody civil war with his victory at Actium, and established a lasting peace. He was self-evidently favoured by the gods. As princeps senatus (\"first man or head of the senate\") he presided at senatorial meetings. He was pontifex maximus, chief priest of Roman state religion. He held consular imperium, with authority equal to the official chief executive. He was supreme commander of all Roman legions, and held tribunicia potestas (\"tribunician power\"). As a tribune, his person was inviolable (sacrosanctitas) and he had the right to veto", "title": "Augustus (title)" }, { "docid": "58207", "text": "Baalbek (; ; Syriac-Aramaic: ܒܥܠܒܟ) is a city located east of the Litani River in Lebanon's Beqaa Valley, about northeast of Beirut. It is the capital of Baalbek-Hermel Governorate. In 1998, Baalbek had a population of 82,608, mostly Shia Muslims, followed by Sunni Muslims and Christians. Baalbek has a history that dates back at least 11,000 years, encompassing significant periods such as Prehistoric, Canaanite, Hellenistic, and Roman eras. After Alexander the Great conquered the city in 334 BCE, he renamed it Heliopolis (, Greek for \"Sun City\"). The city flourished under Roman rule. However, it underwent transformations during the Christianization period and the subsequent rise of Islam following the Arab conquest in the 7th century. In later periods, the city was sacked by the Mongols and faced a series of earthquakes, resulting in a decline in importance during the Ottoman and modern periods. The city is known for the ruins of the Baalbek temple complex from the Roman period, housing two of the largest and grandest Roman temples: the Temple of Bacchus and the Temple of Jupiter. It was inscribed in 1984 as an UNESCO World Heritage site. In the modern era, Baalbek is a relatively small city that enjoys economic advantages as a sought-after tourist destination. However, the tourism sector has encountered challenges due to conflicts in Lebanon, particularly the 1975–1990 civil war, and the ongoing Syrian civil war since 2011. Main attractions include the ancient Roman temples, the Great Mosque from the Umayyad period, and the Roman quarry site named Hajar al-Hibla. Name A few miles from the swamp from which the Litani (the classical Leontes) and the Asi (the upper Orontes) flow, Baalbek may be the same as the manbaa al-nahrayn (\"Source of the Two Rivers\"), the abode of El in the Ugaritic Baal Cycle discovered in the 1920s and a separate serpent incantation. Baalbek was called \"Heliopolis\" during the Roman Empire, a latinisation of the Greek Hēlioúpolis () used during the Hellenistic period, meaning \"Sun City\" in reference to the solar cult there. The name is attested under the Seleucids and Ptolemies. However, Ammianus Marcellinus notes that earlier Assyrian names of Levantine towns continued to be used alongside the official Greek ones imposed by the Diadochi, who were successors of Alexander the Great. In Greek religion, Helios was both the sun in the sky and its personification as a god. The local Semitic god Baʿal Haddu was more often equated with Zeus or Jupiter or simply called the \"Great God of Heliopolis\", but the name may refer to the Egyptians' association of Baʿal with their great god Ra. It was sometimes described as or Coelesyria ( or ) to distinguish it from its namesake in Egypt. In Catholicism, its titular see is distinguished as , from its former Roman province Phoenice. The importance of the solar cult is also attested in the name Biḳāʿ al-ʿAzīz borne by the plateau surrounding Baalbek, as it references an earlier solar deity named Aziz. In Greek and Roman antiquity, it", "title": "Baalbek" } ]	[ "Mars" ]
train_45931	where does the tv series private eyes take place	[ { "docid": "4619463", "text": "Caroline Lesley is an American-Canadian actor and singer. She had a role in the movie Fruitvale Station which won the Grand Jury and Audience Awards at Sundance Film Festival, and the Future Award at Cannes Film Festival. Lesley's recent work includes roles on FX on Hulu series Y: The Last Man (TV series), Amazon Studios series The Boys, National Geographic Channel show Air Crash Investigation (TV series), Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer show Condor (TV series), Ion Television series Private Eyes (TV series). Lesley performed at the Upright Citizens Brigade Theatre (UCB) in New York City, and The Groundlings in Los Angeles. Lesley guest-starred on the satire TV series The Onion News Network on Independent Film Channel. Her one-woman show, Doppelganger Joe, premiered at the New York International Fringe Festival. Lesley co-created Periscope's first TV Channel, Parachute TV. Parachute TV won the Digital Entertainment World startup award. Early life Caroline attended the Ryerson Theatre School in Toronto, where she received her BFA with honors. She played Queen Isabella in her graduate production of Richard II directed by John Neville. Career Early career She was a guest host on Toronto's urban FLOW 93.5 radio (where she was also a copywriter) and she lent her voice to numerous radio and TV commercials. Lesley continued her work in theater and performed improv shows in Ontario with the Canadian Improv Showcase. She also appeared in shows at the Summerworks Festival in Toronto and the Toronto Fringe Festival. She starred in 13 episodes of Rogers Cable improv show The Canadian Improv Showcase. She performed in the play In Between at the Centre for the Arts in Toronto. Caroline received rave reviews for her role as Wendy, a neurotic misfit, trying to find her place. She guest-starred on Soul Food on Showtime and BET. She also appeared in a number of short films and TV commercials, including Bud Light, Bell Canada, and TJ Maxx. Hosting work In 2004, Lesley was a host on the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation television series The X. Lesley was a red carpet correspondent for Entertainment Weekly. She performed one-on-one celebrity sit-down interviews and covered red carpets for EW parties, film festivals (including Sundance and Toronto International Film Festival) and Emmy and Oscar events. Caroline was the official periscope live-streaming red carpet Daytime Emmy host for the 2016 Daytime Emmy Awards. Lesley covered the red carpet for the opening of Billy Elliot on Broadway and appeared in the Finding Billy documentary produced by Universal Pictures with Elton John. She also covered the Tony Awards. She hosted several YouTube shows called \"Simple Do's and Don'ts\", \"The Captain Humphrey's Project\", and created the comedic mom show \"Eating My Cake Too.\" She created a weekly show on Parachute TV called \"Puppet's Place\" that she hosted and voiced the puppet. Voice work Lesley was the voice of Yoplait and is the voice of the little boy Kam Kamazaki on Medabots, an anime television series. She is the voice of Lidda on the Dungeons & Dragons movie: Scourge of Worlds. Caroline was", "title": "Caroline Lesley" }, { "docid": "47956993", "text": "This is a list of works by Canadian science fiction and fantasy writer Tanya Huff. Bibliography Wizard Crystal of the Grove series Child of the Grove (1988) The Last Wizard (1989) Wizard of the Grove (1999) (Omnibus edition of Child of the Grove and The Last Wizard) (Illustrated by Anne Yvonne Gilbert) Blood series This series pairs a detective with a vampire. The first book introduces Victoria \"Vicki\" Nelson, a former police officer with failing eyesight due to Retinitis Pigmentosa and Henry Fitzroy, a vampire and writer of historical romances—which is natural for him as he was Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Richmond and Somerset, illegitimate son of Henry VIII before he was seduced by a vampire. She is known to her police colleagues as \"Victory Nelson\" for her successful record of investigations; her mother calls her by her legal given name, \"Victoria\". Henry's protégé, Tony, is also introduced, as well as Vicki's hard-boiled former partner on the police force, Mike Celluci. Vicki's failing eyesight disqualified her from street work and she resigned rather than take a desk job, and, at the start of the first book, is working as a private detective. Together Vicki and Henry stand against a number of supernatural threats. The series is set in Canada, mainly in Toronto, Ontario, London, Ontario and Vancouver, British Columbia. It uses familiar landmarks, down to Tony's home on \"Neal Avenue\" being recognizably Nealon Avenue north of Danforth Avenue. The series was adapted for CBC Television under the title Blood Ties and also aired on the Lifetime channel in the US. In the TV show, Tony's character was omitted with the idea that in future another series might centre around him. Blood Price (1991) Blood Trail (1992) Blood Lines (1992) Blood Pact (1993) Blood Debt (1997) Blood Bank – a short story collection Omnibus editions (does not contain Tanya Huff's TV script for \"Stone Cold\" from Blood Ties that was added to the 2008 reissue of Blood Bank) Quarters series Describes a world where musicians (or bards) create magic and an invasion from a neighboring country threatens the land. Many of the bards travel to carry their magical skills, as well as news, throughout the kingdom. The first book focuses on a bard who happens to be the king's sister and who has been forbidden to have a child. When she finds herself pregnant after a wild night of passion with the duke of a border duchy, she fears reprisal. The second and third books focus on a brother-sister pair of assassins. The fourth book primarily takes place in a new land and continues the story of Bannon, the brother portion of the assassin pair from previous books. Sing the Four Quarters (1994) Fifth Quarter (1995) No Quarter (1996) The Quartered Sea (1999) Three Quarters: A Quarters Collection (2016), a compendium of three short stories set in the same universe Keeper's Chronicles Claire is a Keeper, charged with keeping the fabric of the metaphysical universe together, who inadvertently finds herself", "title": "Tanya Huff bibliography" } ]	[ { "docid": "16524993", "text": "Surviving Antarctica: Reality TV 2083 is a novel written by Andrea White. In 2006, the book won the Golden Spur Award given by the Texas State Reading Association for the best book by a Texas author, and was nominated for a Texas Bluebonnet Award for children's literature. Plot Surviving Antarctica takes place in the year 2083 in a television-crazed United States. America as a whole has undergone extreme economic hardship, with people living in shacks and shantytowns reminiscent of Hoovervilles during the Great Depression. The Secretary of \"Entertainment\" is the Head of the Department of Entertainment, or the DOE. Public schools shut down and are replaced with \"Edu-TV\" which are lessons with Interactive Quizzes on a television screen. It is mandatory and only goes up to Eighth Grade. After completing the required Eighth Year of Edu-TV, one must pay for High School and College on their own. In order to pay for further education, a few sponsored scholarships are given out, the most popular of which is a game of pure chance called \"The Toss\". The administer calls out a number, and the 14-year-old wishing for the full scholarship rolls two dice, hoping it will land on that number. In Edu-TV the Social Studies/History show is called \"Historical Survivor\". The Secretary of DOE gathers a \"lucky few\" to re-enact parts of history. Five kids (Robert, Polly, Grace, Andrew, and Billy) see an advertisement by the Secretary of Entertainment, Dolly Jabasco, (nicknamed \"Hot Sauce\") for a new Historical Survivor Series that features kids. It is called \"Historical Survivor: Antarctica\". She offers $10,000 to whoever is chosen to re-enact the expedition of Robert F. Scott and an extra $90,000 to the MVP (most valuable player). Out of 4,000 other applicants, these five kids are accepted. Unbeknownst to them, the Secretary has corneal camcorder implants placed in all the kids' left eyes to film the show instead of a camera crew due to deaths to cameramen in previous seasons and to cut costs. The Secretary has also planned several different calamities to happen to the kids on their journey as a harsh allusion to similar obstacles faced by Scott. Unbeknownst to the Secretary, a group of night shift employees, mainly focusing on a new worker named Steve, engage in acts of sabotage like talking to a few of the kids to help the kids on their way. All five come from completely different backgrounds and walks of life, but will have to cooperate to survive Antarctica. Through a series of tragedies and misfortunes, they end up in the middle of nowhere, frostbitten and hungry. But will they get help from the one person nobody would expect- the camera crews? Title Surviving Antarctica was originally published as No Child's Game: Reality TV 2083. Harper Collins called the author and told her that teens and pre-teens (the age group the novel was directed to) would be less likely to buy if the title had \"child\" in its title. It was then changed to Surviving Antarctica:", "title": "Surviving Antarctica: Reality TV 2083" }, { "docid": "70786620", "text": "Alan Bromly (1915–1995) was a British television director, producer and actor. Bromly also directed two feature films, The Angel Who Pawned Her Harp and Follow That Horse!. Amongst the television series he produced was Out of the Unknown for the BBC. He was married to the actress June Ellis. Selected filmography The Angel Who Pawned Her Harp (1954, film) Portrait of Alison (1955, TV series) Follow That Horse! (1960, film) Z-Cars (1963, TV series) Melissa (1964, TV series) An Enemy of the State (1965, TV series) Bat Out of Hell (1966, TV series) Take a Pair of Private Eyes (1966, TV series) Witch Hunt (1967, TV series) Paul Temple (1969, TV series) Out of the Unknown (1969-1971, TV series) Crown Court (1972-1977, TV series) Justice (1973, TV series) Emmerdale (1973, TV series) Doctor Who: The Time Warrior (1973-4), Nightmare of Eden (1979) (TV series) Swiss Family Robinson (1974-1976, TV series) Coronation Street (1977-1980, TV series) Crossroads (1977-1978) References Bibliography Von Gunden, Kenneth. Flights of Fancy: The Great Fantasy Films. McFarland, 2001. Wheatley, Helen. Gothic Television. Manchester University Press, 2006. External links 1915 births 1995 deaths BBC television producers British film directors British television directors People from Godalming", "title": "Alan Bromly" }, { "docid": "13791257", "text": "Chute! is a British children's comedy television series broadcast on CBBC and presented by Ross Lee. It was originally broadcast between September and December 2007 and was cancelled after its first series. Lee played a version of himself trapped inside a rubbish tip at BBC Television Centre containing approximately 83,000 video cassettes covering the floor of the room. Overview Trapped in a rubbish tip with approximately 83,000 video cassettes, Lee's sole purpose seems to be to sort through the videos and share them with whoever comes to visit him (the viewer in this case – the episodes are shown through their point of view in first-person). According to the series' title theme, the viewer is a child that fell down the chute while taking part in a tour of the BBC Television Centre. Down in the rubbish tip is also a monster who, at the end of every episode, drags away and \"eats\" the viewer. Although the monster can't be seen directly a green tentacle with purple spots is draped over the side of the camera to indicate the monster's presence. Footage shown in the series varies, from clips of other BBC programmes, numerous unusual news stories as reported by BBC News, to even several viral videos that were popular at the time. In the Sarah Jane episode, The Mysterious Ticking Noise from The Potter Puppet Pals was shown, marking its first broadcast on television. Programmes and clips that made frequent appearances on the show included: Stitch Up Raven Dick and Dom in Da Bungalow Cheese Rolling Championships BBC News Headlines BBC Foul Ups (bloopers) Match of the Day, where unusual sporting events are highlighted The Flashing Blade, a series with the original soundtrack removed and voice-over artists provide the new soundtrack. The re-voiced clips were taken from On the Waterfront and written by Russell T Davies. Episodes Recurring segments Throughout the show there are gags which are featured in every or most shows: Lee would refer to his family and go, \"Ah mummy pie. I bet you she'll be looking for me right now\". Then it goes briefly to a scene showing Lee's mother enjoying herself (e.g. playing a video game, dancing in the park). During some point in the show Lee would grab the keyboard and start singing a song, often out of tune. If he is about to cry or is crying while he does this, his song includes the lyric, \"Rossington don't cry\". This is put to an end when the viewer grabs a bucket and throws it over Lee's head, muffling his voice. In the wall is a tiny gap between two bricks which Lee first looks through before telling the viewer to look through. On the other side is an event which takes place before the viewer is caught looking. Someone then pokes them in the eye which has enough force to knock them back into the tip. On numerous occasions, it is the viewer who looks through first, then gestures for Ross to", "title": "Chute! (TV programme)" }, { "docid": "1972341", "text": "Rowland John Rivron (born 28 September 1958) is a British writer, comedic actor and television personality. Early career Rivron played the comic character \"Dr Martin Scrote\" on the Jonathan Ross chat show The Last Resort, and also played Scrote on Night Network's Bunker Show. This became a series for Channel 4 called Set of Six about Scrote and his brothers. In 1989 he and Jools Holland starred in The Groovy Fellers. In the early 1990s he presented his own chat show, Rivron, in which Rivron, his guests and the entire set floated in the River Thames. He also made an appearance in the children's schools series Cats' Eyes. Music Rivron played drums on Fat Les's 1998 single \"Vindaloo\". As one half of the band \"Raw Sex\" (with Simon Brint) he also featured regularly on BBC TV's French and Saunders show. Rivron featured on drums in the \"Sophisticated Fool\" song and \"All We've Got To Do Is...\" song from A Bit of Fry and Laurie, also on BBC TV. He was a contributing writer to Rhythm, a UK drumming magazine, and is a regular guest on Jools Holland's BBC shows, in which he once demonstrated a square snare drum made by Robert Daniels. Rivron appeared on the children's TV programme Blue Peter at age 15, playing the drums. For eighteen months Rivron drummed for Jools Holland's Rhythm and Blues Orchestra. He later played with the Idiot Bastard Band, with Adrian Edmondson, Phill Jupitus, Simon Brint, and Neil Innes. Television Presenting Rivron regularly presented television shows such as Holiday and Summer Holiday. Rowland Rivron presented the comedy BBC Radio 2 shows Jammin' and Radio Rivron, and starred in the Channel 5 programme Trust Me - I'm A Holiday Rep. He also co-presented the Saturday breakfast show on BBC London 94.9. Rivron also appeared on Richard & Judy's New Position as the celebrity barman. He also presented the video to promote One Foot in the Grave for the title of BBC Britain's Best Sitcom in 2004. Game shows Rivron acted as a team captain on Question of TV on BBC One, and was a panellist on the first episode of Shooting Stars on BBC Two. A special celebrity edition of the show \"Incredible Games\" was broadcast at the end of its first season with Philippa Forrester and Keith Chegwin appearing alongside Rivron as the contestants in place of the usual kids taking part (who were shown to be tied up before the games started). In 2004 he hosted the short-lived regional gameshow The Price of Fish, starring local commercial radio presenters. The gameshow was filmed at The Talk venue in Norwich and shown only in the Anglia TV region. In 2006 Rivron was part of Channel 4's Come Dine with Me. He was the first celebrity to be voted out on 2007's edition of Comic Relief Does Fame Academy. In 2012, Rivron was a contestant on Let's Dance for Sport Relief with his take on the Fatboy Slim music video Weapon of Choice,", "title": "Rowland Rivron" }, { "docid": "153017", "text": "\"A Penny for Your Thoughts\" is episode 52 of the American television anthology series The Twilight Zone, written by George Clayton Johnson. It originally aired on February 3, 1961, on CBS. Opening narration Plot Hector B. Poole is a sensitive, insecure bank clerk. On the way to work he tosses a coin into a vendor's open box to pay for a newspaper, and it miraculously lands on its edge. Suddenly he can hear other people's thoughts, but does not know what's going on. Distracted, he is nearly hit by a car, and is confused when he hears the driver expressing concern while thinking angrily about Hector's carelessness. At his place of business, Hector is finalizing the paperwork for a $200,000 loan to a businessman named Sykes, he hears Sykes thinking about using the money for a run at the horse track to win back money he has embezzled from his company. Hector challenges Sykes, who accuses him of lying and withdraws his business from the bank, to the boss Bagby's annoyance. Next Hector hears an old, trusted employee, Smithers, thinking about how he will steal cash from the bank and escape to Bermuda. He takes Helen Turner, a co-worker who thinks affectionate thoughts about him, fully into his confidence; she doesn't believe in his powers, but urges him to tell Bagby about Smithers. Hector does, saying he overheard Smithers; incredulous at first, Bagby decides to investigate Smithers. Smithers proves to be innocent, and Bagby fires Hector. Smithers then privately admits to Hector that he has fantasized for years about theft, but never goes through with it. Hector vents his unhappiness to Helen: he's learned more than he wanted to know about the disconnect between people's thoughts and actions. Bagby learns that Sykes has been arrested for gambling with company money, and offers to reinstate Hector. Using blackmail based on knowledge of an affair his boss is having, Hector gets his job back, a raise, and a Bermuda vacation for Smithers. After work, as Hector returns home with Helen, he returns to the newsstand, where his coin is still standing. Buying an afternoon paper, he knocks it over, and then finds his mind-reading ability gone. He leaves the newsstand with Helen, hopeful about the future. Closing narration See also List of The Twilight Zone (1959 TV series) episodes References DeVoe, Bill. (2008). Trivia from The Twilight Zone. Albany, GA: Bear Manor Media. Grams, Martin. (2008). The Twilight Zone: Unlocking the Door to a Television Classic. Churchville, MD: OTR Publishing. External links 1961 American television episodes The Twilight Zone (1959 TV series) season 2 episodes Television episodes written by George Clayton Johnson Television episodes about telepathy", "title": "A Penny for Your Thoughts (The Twilight Zone)" }, { "docid": "1117344", "text": "Philip James Hammond (born 1 January 1962) is a British physician, broadcaster, comedian and commentator on health issues in the United Kingdom. He is best known for his humorous commentary on the National Health Service. He first came into the public spotlight writing a column for The Independent newspaper, where he wrote with a strong pro-patient rights line and as Private Eyes medical correspondent \"MD\". Early life and education Hammond lived in Australia until the age of seven when his Australian father, Barrie Rees Hammond, Ph.D., a Cambridge-educated physical chemist, killed himself at the age of 38. His English mother moved the family back to England. Hammond was educated at Marlborough Royal Free Grammar School until its closure in 1975, then at its successor St John's Comprehensive, before obtaining a place at Marlborough College as his father had taught there. Hammond qualified as a doctor in 1987, having studied at Girton College, Cambridge and St Thomas' Hospital Medical School, London. Career Medical career Hammond has worked as a lecturer in Medical Communication at the Universities of Birmingham and Bristol. He previously worked as a GP before retraining as an associate specialist in chronic fatigue syndrome. Broadcasting and performances He starred in his own show 59 Minutes to save the NHS at the Edinburgh Fringe and was one of two doctor-cum-comics who captained teams on a Channel Five medical quiz, Tibs and Fibs, hosted by Tony Slattery. As well as appearing on Channel 4's longest running programme, Countdown, Hammond has starred in the BBC Two TV series Trust Me, I'm a Doctor and in the BBC Radio 4 series Struck Off and Die and 28 Minutes to Save the NHS. He has appeared on the BBC TV news quiz Have I Got News for You, as well as the original and longer-running The News Quiz on BBC Radio 4 and The Now Show on the same station. He also writes the Medicine Balls column in Private Eye, under the pseudonym \"M.D.\" (use of pseudonyms is routine for Private Eye's regular columnists). He presents the Music Group on BBC Radio 4 and was a regular contributor to Gabby Logan's Sunday morning show on BBC Radio 5. He also has a Saturday mid-morning show on BBC Radio Bristol between 9am and 12noon. Hammond toured the UK between 2011 and 13 with Dr Phil's Rude Health Show, which was released on DVD in two parts: Dr Phil's Rude Health Show and Confessions of a Doctor. They were broadcast of BBC Radio 4 Extra in August 2011. He returned to the Edinburgh Fringe for the eighth time in 2011. In September 2013 he began touring the UK with a new show, Games to Play with Your Doctor. Hammond did two shows at the 2016 Edinburgh Fringe: Life and Death (But Mainly Death) and Dr Phil's NHS Revolution. He toured them together as Dr Phil's Health Revolution in 2017. Non-medical broadcasting Hammond co-presented The Heaven and Earth Show on BBC1 with Juliet Morris in 2000. He", "title": "Phil Hammond" }, { "docid": "10506299", "text": "Danger Theatre is an American half-hour comedy anthology series for television, produced by Universal Television and originally aired on the American Fox network from July 7 to August 22, 1993. Each half-hour-long show consisted of two comedy segments, each a spoof of a familiar action/anthology format. There are two exceptions, one being “Go Ahead, Fry Me” with guest stars Liz Vassey and Sam Mann. The style of the comedy was somewhat similar to that of films like Airplane! and TV shows like Police Squad!. Robert Vaughn was the host for each episode, introducing to the camera each fifteen-minute segment with mock earnestness. The jokes ranged from humorous or preposterous dialogue to visual gags and slapstick designed to poke fun at the serious dramatic formats being lampooned. The score for the series was composed by Lalo Schifrin. Danger Theatre ran for seven episodes before cancellation. However, it was syndicated outside the US, airing in the UK on the BBC in 1994. The Searcher One segment in each episode centered on a motorbike-riding, leather-clad hero called only “The Searcher\", played by Diedrich Bader. A spoof of both the stereotypical motorbiking renegade from movies and the “one man on a mission” format of series such as Knight Rider, Renegade, and many others, this segment may be the most commonly remembered element of the series. The Searcher would always appear coming over the horizon on his motorcycle, with a dramatic backing chorus, narrating : A recurring visual gag would have the Searcher conclude a scene with a quizzical stare directly at camera, utter a thoughtful sound, and then suddenly be squashed by a vehicle or falling object. The popularity of this segment led to two of Danger Theatres seven episodes (\"Go Ahead, Fry Me\" and \"An Old Friend For Dinner\") being given over in their entirety to a 30-minute adventure for the Searcher. Tropical Punch In four episodes of Danger Theatre, the other segment of the show was called \"Tropical Punch\", a send-up of Hawaii Five-O, with Adam West playing the bumbling Detective Morgan, a police detective with no clue as to what is going on. Morgan only solves crimes because his partner McCormick, played by Billy Morrisette, does know what is going on and saves him from failure constantly. 357 Marina del Rey In the final telecast of Danger Theatre on August 22, 1993, \"Tropical Punch\" was replaced by a segment entitled \"357 Marina del Rey\", which starred Todd Field as Rake Rowe and Ricky Harris as Clay Gentry in a spoof of shows about private detectives living and working in sun-and-fun vacation locales, such as 77 Sunset Strip, Surfside Six, and Hawaiian Eye. Recent college graduates Rowe and Gentry become private investigators and encounter the worst criminals in town, but take a greater interest in wearing the right fashions and visiting the local cappuccino bar than in solving crimes. Only one episode of \"357 Marina del Rey\" was produced. Airing history and other details Original US airdates Sundays, Fox, 7:30 pm July", "title": "Danger Theatre" }, { "docid": "8841457", "text": "is an anime television series directed by Kōichi Mashimo and animated by Bee Train studio. It is a spiritual successor of Noir and Madlax and the final installment of Bee Train's \"girls-with-guns\" trilogy. The series was aired on TV Tokyo from April to September in 2007. A manga adaptation was serialized in the Champion RED Magazine beginning in March 2007, and the chapters were collected into one volume. The series was announced for North American release by Funimation on February 19, 2009. It was released in two complete season sets in early December 2009 and re-released as a complete set in March 2011. The series made its North American television debut on March 22, 2010, when it started airing on the Funimation Channel. Plot Taking place in Latin America, a fateful encounter between Ellis, a fugitive girl with amnesia, a troubled past, and supernatural powers, and Nadie, a feisty bounty hunter, leads to the two of them traveling to Mexico together in search of the key to unlocking Ellis' past. The only clues they have are a mysterious stone given to Ellis by a fortune teller she was staying with, and Ellis' notion that she has to go south to Wiñaymarka Lake. Characters A maverick female bounty hunter and a top marksman, she holds an optimistic attitude. She was the sole survivor of an attack on her hometown. Working for Hayward, Nadie accompanies Ellis on her journey. Before killing her opponents, Nadie has a habit of saying, \"If you have any last words, say them now\". She is feisty and can lose her temper very easily, but she does not joke around when it comes to protecting Ellis. Her name in comes from the Spanish word nadie, meaning nobody. A girl wanted as a suspect for Dr. Heinz Schneider's murder. She heads south in order to seek the truth of the incident, as well as to find her birthplace; based on the vague memories she holds and an old fortune teller's advice. Ellis has \"Witch DNA\", but her abilities are accidental and incomplete. These include superhuman strength, temporary levitation, and heating as well as freezing of physical objects. She cannot control her abilities at will, usually becoming active only in times of need. She speaks whatever is on her mind in an almost expressionless way of talking, she could almost be classified as a comic relief character because of some of the things she does. As the series progresses, it shows that Ellis feels guilty over her belief that she killed the doctor. She first appears as an office worker in the Central Intelligence Agency, where is tasked with watching Rosenberg and uncovering information on Project LEVIATHAN. After uncovering the true nature of the project she breaks her cover and is assigned to work more directly to disrupt Rosenberg's plans. From this point on, she puts her hair down and is only referred to by her code name \"Blue-Eyes\". A director in the Central Intelligence Agency and a shrewd agent,", "title": "El Cazador de la Bruja" }, { "docid": "35476779", "text": "This is a list of characters in the American animated television series Top Cat. Characters are listed only once, normally under the first applicable subsection in the list; very minor characters are listed with a more regular character with whom they are associated. Characters that appear in only one episode are not listed. This also includes information and characters from the feature film Top Cat: The Movie and the prequel film Top Cat Begins. Core TV show characters Top Cat Top Cat (or simply T.C.) is the yellow-furred, suave, and cheeky-chappy main character of the series. He wears a purple pork pie hat and a matching waistcoat. He often manipulates or tricks others, mainly Officer Dibble, but even his own gang. He does appreciate the effort the gang does for him, but he often takes credit for it. That said, he is caring toward to the gang and will help one of them if they need it. He also stops Officer Dibble from arresting him by lying to Dibble about how much talent Dibble has. He is voiced by Arnold Stang in the style of Phil Silvers in the TV show, and by Daws Butler in Yogi's Ark Lark. In most of his modern appearances, he is voiced by Tom Kenny. He also appeared in various Wonderland Sydney commercials in Australia where he was voiced by Keith Scott. In the film, Top Cat: The Movie, he is again the main protagonist. His voice, by Jason Harris, is clipped and a bit deeper. This version of the character has a romantic interest in Trixie. He also tells his gang that they only steal from people who deserve it. He is framed by Lou Strickland, who uses a robot look-alike to get him arrested, whereupon he is placed in a dog jail. Top Cat appeared in Jellystone! in where he has a Southern accent, voiced by Thomas Lennon. Benny the Ball Benny, an indigo-colored cat with a white sports jacket that fastens with a single button at his neck, is T.C.'s right-hand man and a youngest member of the gang; they are best friends. He is diminutive, friendly, overweight, and gullible. But he is also loyal, courageous and mature. His eyes are shown as black dots unlike the other cats who have white sclerae with black pupils. Benny may appear to be slow-witted, due to the fact that he always gives the game away, but he manages to ask the most logical questions during the gang's action-packed shenanigans. A number of episodes have focused on Benny, including \"The Violin Player\", \"The Unscratchables\" and \"The Missing Heir\". Benny the Ball is modeled after his voice actor Maurice Gosfield in the TV series. He was voiced by John Stephenson in Yogi's Ark Lark, Avery Schreiber in Top Cat and the Beverly Hills Cats, and Maurice LaMarche in Harvey Birdman: Attorney at Law. In the movie, he gets Top Cat and his gang in trouble, and his fandom of fictional musician Lazlo-Lazlo serves to introduce", "title": "List of Top Cat characters" }, { "docid": "5246280", "text": "Universal TV was a British and Irish pay television channel owned by the NBCUniversal International Networks division of NBCUniversal. It was devoted primarily to imported drama series, mostly from the United States. History As Hallmark Channel The channel launched in October 1999 and was previously owned by the privately backed Sparrowhawk Media Group, until late 2007 when it was bought out by NBCUniversal. It previously licensed programming and branding from Crown Media Holdings, and was previously known as the Hallmark Entertainment Network and the Hallmark Channel (Crown Media had sold off their international assets in 2005). Coinciding with the launch of Hallmark Channel HD, Hallmark Channel became 16:9 widescreen capable on 28 June 2010. As Universal Channel In June 2009, a memorandum leaked to the television trade newspaper Broadcast stated that NBC Universal planned to rebrand the Hallmark Channel as a Universal Channel in October 2009. The \"Hallmark Channel\" brand was licensed to NBC Universal from Crown Media (which operates the US Hallmark Channel) and was due to expire. An NBC Universal spokesperson denied such a rebrand would happen. On 2 September 2010, Universal Networks International confirmed plans to rebrand the Hallmark Channel as the Universal Channel in the UK. On 18 October, the pay-TV channel and its timeshift and high definition variants became the Universal Channel, Universal Channel +1 and Universal Channel HD. The Universal Channel gave UK premieres to cop show Rookie Blue and legal drama Fairly Legal in early 2011. It also aired Shattered, which stars Callum Keith Rennie as a homicide detective suffering from multiple personality disorder. On 1 December 2010, Universal Channel launched a specific feed which targets Ireland. Universal Channel in Ireland airs localised advertising. The Irish feed does not include subtitles. TV3 act as the Irish variation's advertising sales agents. On 31 July 2013, Universal Channel unveiled a refreshed branding and new slogan it launched on 5 August, \"100% Characters\". The brand reflected \"that great characters are the magnets that draw viewers back to their favourite shows - week after week\". As Universal TV On 3 May 2018, NBCUniversal unveiled a new name and branding for its Universal Channel chain, Universal TV, launching first on the United Kingdom feed. The rebranding was intended to make the network a \"destination brand that celebrates world-class, high-quality, character-driven content\". Closure In December 2019, BT TV announced that Universal TV would be leaving the UK market along with VH1 and that the channel will close. The channel closed down its operations on 27 January 2020, with Sky Comedy taking its place on EPG guides. Programming Final Programming Sources: Gone Law & Order NCIS Private Eyes (now on Sky Witness) Teleshopping Former Programming Acceptable Risk Bates Motel Battle Creek The Border Boston Legal Breakout Kings Burden of Truth Chance Chicago Justice Chicago Med (now on Sky Witness) Cold Case Community Condor (now on Sky Max) Conviction Coroner (now on Sky Witness) CSI: Miami CSI: NY Damages Departure (now on Sky Witness) Diagnosis: Murder The Disappearance The District Fairly", "title": "Universal TV (British and Irish TV channel)" }, { "docid": "5525855", "text": "The Howling Commandos is the name of several fictional groups appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The team also appears in the franchises developed for other media. Fictional team history Original Incarnation (1963) The first group of Howling Commandos (introduced in their own 1963 comic book series) was an elite unit of the United States Army Rangers formed in World War II. The original team consisted of: Sergeant Nicholas Joseph \"Nick\" Fury Corporal Timothy Aloysius Cadwallader \"Dum Dum\" Dugan Private Isadore \"Izzy\" Cohen Private Gabriel Jones Private Dino Manelli Private Robert \"Rebel\" Ralston Private Jonathan \"Junior\" Juniper Private Percival \"Pinky\" Pinkerton: A British soldier, in issue #8. Private Eric Koenig: A defector from Nazi Germany. He joined the squad in issue #27. Private Jim Morita Private Jacques \"Frenchie\" Dernier Occasional other members would join for an issue or two before being killed, transferred, or otherwise leaving (such as Fred Jones in issue #81). Also daringly for the time, the series killed Fury's girlfriend, British nurse Pamela Hawley, introduced in issue #4 and killed in a London air raid in #18. Nick Fury's Howling Commandos A second Howling Commandos team was introduced in the 2005 series Nick Fury's Howling Commandos as a supernatural unit that works for S.H.I.E.L.D. Its members were: Clay Quartermain: The commanding officer of Area 13. He takes over in the first issue from Dum Dum Dugan. Warwolf (real name Vince Marcus): The field leader. He is a werewolf who can transform voluntarily whenever Mars is in the night sky. Nina Price, Vampire by Night: A woman who is half-vampire and half-werewolf. N'Kantu, the Living Mummy: A previously existing character. N'Kantu is an undead prince of Ancient Egypt. Frankenstein: An intelligent clone of the original Frankenstein's Monster. How this process did not produce different clones of the various individual body parts making up the original Monster was briefly mentioned in issue #1. The response was \"Don't go there\". Gorilla-Man I: A previously existing character. Kenneth Hale is a man trapped in a gorilla's body. He is now a member of the Agents of Atlas. John Doe: A zombie depicted as having normal human-level intelligence, in contrast to other zombie characters in the Marvel universe. Secret Invasion A third group of \"Commandos\" are introduced in Mighty Avengers #13. After discovering the Skrull invasion, Nick Fury assembles a team made up of the offspring of various superheroes and supervillains. This team members are: Quake: Former S.H.I.E.L.D. member and daughter of Mister Hyde. She possesses the power to create earthquake like vibrations. Phobos: The ten-year-old son of Ares. He possesses the power to cause fear in others by looking in their eyes. Druid: The son of Doctor Druid who has inherited some of his father's skill with magic. Yo-Yo: The daughter of the Griffin. She can run at superhuman speed and bounces back to the point where she began running. Hellfire: The grandson of the Phantom Rider. He is able to charge a chain with fire to wield", "title": "Howling Commandos" }, { "docid": "9659516", "text": "Private Eye TV was an unsuccessful attempt to turn the satirical magazine Private Eye into a television programme. In celebration of the magazine's tenth anniversary, the best of its output was compiled by Barry Took and read out by the magazine's staff and assorted comedy stars (like Private Eye, themselves largely originating from the Satire Boom) such as John Bird, Eleanor Bron, Spike Milligan, William Rushton, John Wells, Christopher Booker, Barry Fantoni, Paul Foot and Richard Ingrams. It was broadcast only once on BBC2 at 10.30pm on Tuesday 28 December 1971. Some short extracts were re-shown on BBC2's Comedy Map of Britain documentary broadcast in February 2007. External links Private Eye TV at BBC Comedy Guide BBC Two original programming BBC television sketch shows Private Eye British satirical television shows 1971 British television series debuts", "title": "Private Eye TV" }, { "docid": "38731431", "text": "\"Black Eyed, Please\" is the fifteenth episode of the twenty-fourth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons, and the 523rd episode overall. The episode was directed by Matthew Schofield and written by John Frink. It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on March 10, 2013. The name is a pun on black-eyed peas and the band of the same name. The couch segment of this episode's intro was animated by Bill Plympton in a film noir style. He also animated one for 2012 and one for 2014. Plot Homer invites himself to Ned Flanders's house for breakfast and finds Ned's beatnik parents there. Ned begins to feel uneasy when his parents begin to take a liking to Homer rather than him. After a morning jog, Ned comes home to find Homer and his parents smoking \"medicinal\" marijuana and watching TV. Ned becomes so enraged he punches Homer in the face, giving him a black eye. Homer is furious at Ned, who does not know what he has to do in order to be excused. Ned eventually finds a solution in the Bible (\"an eye for an eye\"), and encourages Homer to punch him in order to make them even. However, Homer refuses to punch him, citing that he is the bigger man by not punching Ned and brags about it, causing Ned to punch Homer's other uninjured eye. Meanwhile, Lisa learns that Ms. Hoover has taken leave due to a bout of severe depression, and the class gets another teacher, Mrs. Cantwell. Cantwell takes a liking to everyone in the class except for Lisa, whom she bullies by giving her lower grades and taking the paper cutout joeys off the kangaroo-themed \"good behavior\" board. Homer and Marge try to get Principal Skinner to do something, but the bullying worsens and Lisa is sent to detention, where the bullies are shocked to learn that Cantwell as a teacher is such a bully to a student like Lisa. Homer eventually finds a solution to Lisa's dilemma and Ned's own: he will accept Ned's apology if his wife Edna Krabappel gives advice on how to get rid of the bullying teacher. Edna says the only way is the \"nuclear option\" - which means putting Bart in Cantwell's class. When Cantwell leaves to go to the bathroom, Bart brings chaos to the classroom and then shows Cantwell a compromising video of herself in the bathroom cursing Lisa and tells her he posted it online. The plan works in getting Cantwell to leave, but it does not get Cantwell to be nice to Lisa. When Lisa tries to catch up to Cantwell before she drives off, Cantwell admits that she was only jealous because she believes Lisa is popular and pretty, and that girls like Lisa live a carefree life. Instead of informing her that she's also an unpopular bookworm, Lisa celebrates that someone thinks she's pretty— before Cantwell splatters mud on her as she drives off. The story", "title": "Black Eyed, Please" }, { "docid": "55247708", "text": "The Girl Who Takes an Eye for an Eye (original title in ) is the fifth novel in the Millennium series, focusing on the characters Lisbeth Salander and Mikael Blomkvist. Written by David Lagercrantz, this is the second novel in the series not authored by the series' creator and author of the first three Millennium books, Stieg Larsson, who died of a heart attack in 2004. The novel was released worldwide on 7 September 2017. Plot Lisbeth Salander is serving a two-month jail sentence for the crimes she committed while protecting August Balder. After threats arise against her, she is transferred to maximum security Flodberga Prison, which she finds rife with corruption. She also discovers that Bangladeshi prisoner Faria Kasi is tormented nightly by ruthless prisoner Beatrice \"Benito\" Andersson. One day, Salander is visited by former guardian Holger Palmgren. During their conversation, Palmgren tells her about a visit he received from a former secretary from St Stefan's, where she was committed as a child, who gave him Salander's medical files which has led him to believe she was involved in something called the Registry. Suspicious, Salander forces the Warden to let her use his computer, where she learns the Registry is a secret project that places exceptional children in specific environments to test the effects on their growth. Unable to do anything from prison, Salander asks journalist Mikael Blomkvist to investigate in her stead, pointing him to wealthy businessman Leo Mannheimer, whose name was in the Registry file she found. During his investigation, Blomkvist learns that Mannheimer had been acting strangely lately and comes to suspect that not only does he have a twin, Dan Brody, but Brody has been going around pretending to be Mannheimer. Meanwhile, Palmgren, while going through Salander's file, recognizes the name Martin Steinberg and calls him. Steinberg panics and contacts his associate Rakel Greitz who, despite dying from stomach cancer, enters Palmgren's house pretending to be a nurse, poisons him and takes the file. Blomkvist arrives too late to save him, but Palmgren tells him to find Hilda von Kanterborg, a former Registry agent whose initials were in the file, before he dies. Blomkvist tracks Hilda down and, though she doesn't believe Dan stole Leo's identity, she confirms that they are twins. She also tells him that Greitz tried to take Salander away from her family as a child as part of the experiment, only for her to react violently and escape. What they don't know is she then hid in a church and saw a statue of a dragon being slain, which inspired her to fight against the unjust and later don her dragon tattoo. Blomkvist then confronts Mannheimer who, after saving him from Greitz' henchman Benjamin, reveals that he is Dan. Having grown up on a farm with an abusive adopted father, Dan found a passion for music and eventually fled to America, where he lived as a jazz musician. After being mistaken for Leo by a co-worker, he saw that they looked", "title": "The Girl Who Takes an Eye for an Eye" }, { "docid": "36686542", "text": "Travelling Man is a Granada TV series broadcast in the United Kingdom between 7 November 1984 and 15 October 1985. Created and written by Roger Marshall, one of the original writers of The Avengers, the series starred Leigh Lawson as Lomax and Lindsay Duncan as his girlfriend. Broadcast in the 9pm slot on ITV, the series drew audiences of up to 13.2 million. Each episode had its own story, within an overarching plot of Lomax searching for his missing son and hunting down those who framed him. Series one On his release from prison, Lomax finds his wife has emigrated and is suing him for divorce. His son Steve has gone missing. Returning to his beloved narrowboat, Harmony, Lomax embarks on a long search for his son - and for the man who framed him. He is pursued by the police, who have him under surveillance, various underworld figures, and a journalist named Robinson - all of whom believe that he has a hidden stash of drugs money and will lead them to it. Series two Robinson asks Max to look after his godchild, Billy. Max spends a weekend away from Harmony looking after a hotel, where the only guests are a mysterious couple. He is helping out in a pub, when a gang of motorcyclists are upset. Steve, his son, challenges him to prove his innocence and robs a betting shop. Unknowingly he upsets the local gang boss Jack Ormand. Max meets up with an ex-cellmate, 'Granny' Jackson. Max finally gets closer to finding the man who set him up. An ex-girlfriend gives him the name 'Len Martin', but he remains one step ahead. A further run of thirteen episodes was commissioned but Leigh Lawson chose to leave, following an earlier disagreement with Granada which had refused to release him from his contract to take the lead role in Roman Polanski's film Pirates. Consequently, the cliffhanger ending of the final episode of series 2, which was intended to lead into series 3, had to be resolved with a brief voiceover on the closing credits by Terry Taplin. Leigh Lawson as of 2010 has gone on record and said the main reasons for him not continuing into a third series were artistic. He was not happy with the fact it was being filmed on video, which it has to be said, does degrade sound and visual quality significantly in certain scenes. He also stated he was against one of the central story arcs being brought to a conclusion too early - namely the search for Lomax's son, Steve. Background Marshall drew on his previous writing, in particular Frank Marker, the private detective he co-created for the 1960s/1970s drama Public Eye. Lomax shares some of Marker’s traits and moral dilemmas, their good intentions compromised by their time in prison. Both men will be pre-judged about their actions and plans, based solely on their 'shady' pasts. Marshall wrote each episode himself, adding a sense of continuity to the self-contained episodes. The Macclesfield", "title": "Travelling Man (TV series)" }, { "docid": "65842889", "text": "Catalina Jane Guirado is a British-New Zealander actress, reality TV star, model and designer who is best known for starring as Chris Evans' sidekick \"Gorgeous Girl\" on TFI Friday from 1996 to 1997. Early life Guirado began performing the violin at age 7 and by age 12 she had made performances at both the Royal Albert Hall and the Royal Festival Hall. She went on to receive a scholarship at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama. Career Modelling Guirado was scouted by Vogue at the age of 15. Since then, she has appeared in multiple other magazines including Elle, Cosmopolitan, FHM, Maxim, Loaded and SKY Magazine, as well as being named in FHM'''s 100 Sexiest Women as well as various other magazines. During her modelling career, Guirado has walked the runway for prolific designers such as Vivienne Westwood, Michiko Koshino, Scott Henshall and Rifat Ozbek. She was also the face of international advertising campaigns for such companies as Dove, Wella, Toni & Guy, L'Oréal and Lynx. Television and film Guirado's first appearance on television was on TFI Friday as a regular role being Chris Evans' sidekick, \"Gorgeous Girl\". She received a starring role during the \"Ugly Blokes\" segment of the show, where unattractive men would receive the opportunity of turning down her advances. Her regular stint on the show gave her a household name as an it girl. During series 3 of the show her role was dropped with no information surfacing as to why. Guirado's success on TFI Friday and on her modelling career landed her a position on series 2 of ITV's reality television show I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!. She entered the camp on 28 April 2003 and left on 8 May, placing 7th. She (along with the rest of the eliminated campmates) returned for the series finale on 12 May. Following her appearance on I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!, Guirado was featured on many talk shows including Loose Lips and This Morning. She was also featured as a special guest interview on comedy sketch show Bo' Selecta!. In the same year as her I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! appearance, Guirado was invited to take part in the Stars in Their Eyes 'I'm A Celebrity' special, where she chose singer Deborah Harry. Guirado was joined by various other contestants from series 1 and 2 of the show. Guirado ended up winning and was crowned champion. Her fame during 2003 ran throughout the whole year, with Guirado making appearances various shows including Celebrities Under Pressure and GMTV, as well as hosting her own documentary about her career and sexualisation in media named Catalina's Commercial Clips. In 2004, Guirado made another reality TV appearance on Back to Reality. Guirado ended up 9th and was placed in the bottom two twice during her short stay, making her one of the least popular contestants on the show. In 2005, Guirado made her break into the film industry, starring as main character Grace in Private", "title": "Catalina Guirado" }, { "docid": "58004192", "text": "Xavier Deluc (born 18 March 1958) is a French actor, director and scriptwriter. He is most known for acting in TV series such as 'Marc Eliot' (a French police drama), Dolmen (Brittany based family drama) and 12 seasons of 'Research Unit' (another specialized French police drama) as 'Captain Martin Bernier', and starring role in movies including He Died with His Eyes Open in 1985 and Captive in 1986. Biography Childhood and training Xavier Lepetit was born in Caen in Calvados. His childhood was spent in Jacob-Mesnil, a hamlet just near Bretteville-sur-Laize. He was raised in boarding school in Lisieux. When he turned 14 he got involved in amateur dramatics and performed in his first short film. Aged twenty, he went to Paris and enrolls in the Cours Florent (a private drama school). The actor Robert Hossein then noticed him. Xavier recalls that \"I was the only blond, - I was taken !\". Hossein then gave him his first role as the young 'Edgar Linton' in his play 'Les Hauts de Hurlevent' (Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontë), performed in the theater of Boulogne-Billancourt and Lyon in 1979. Career It was under his birth name, Xavier Lepetit while aged 22, that he debuted in his first film Les surdoués de la première compagnie, directed by Michel Gérard in 1981, before joining Max Pécas for Belles, blondes et bronzées (also in 1981) and Les Branchés à Saint-Tropez in 1983. In 1984, he was in Yannick Bellon's film La Triche (The Cheat), a distributor then asked him to take a pseudonym to improve the posters. The actor thought of his weekends in Luc-sur-Mer on the Côte de Nacre, where he spent a lot of his time, he then becomes Xavier Deluc. Thanks to his performance in the film, he was named as the most promising actor at the 10th César ceremony of 1985. Then the following year, at the 11th ceremony of the César, where he is nominated as the best actor in a supporting role for He Died with His Eyes Open by Jacques Deray, just after completing Robert Kramer's science-fiction film Diesel in 1985. He is also a theater actor, performing in Jean-Claude Brisville's The Blue Villa at Espace Cardin theatre (Paris) in 1986. He then met director Jean Marais at the Théâtre des Bouffes-Parisiens to don 'Hans' costume in Jean Cocteau's play Bacchus in 1988. Xavier later said about Jean Marais, that \"I did not know how to die and (he) taught me to die on stage\". In 1989, he starred with James Wilby and Serena Gordon in a two-part TV mini-series of A Tale of Two Cities for ITV Granada. The production also aired on Masterpiece Theatre on the PBS in the United States. In 1991, he started a campaign called 'No to drugs, Yes to life' based on his own previous drug abuse, he then staged his self=written play called 'La Pluie du Soleil' (or \"The rain of the sun\") performed at the Comédie-Caumartin theater. In 1991 he also", "title": "Xavier Deluc" }, { "docid": "21705798", "text": "Gordon Smith (born 6 July 1962) is a British psychic medium; known as the UK's \"most accurate\" medium. Career as a medium Gordon Smith's career as a medium began at the age of 24, when another medium told him that one day he would be 'on the platform'. This was the start of a 15-year-long study to be a medium. As he used to work as a barber, he is often known (and used to present himself as) The Psychic Barber. He works giving demonstrations, writing books and organising workshops, and until March 2008 wrote a psychic column for the British tabloid The Sunday People. Smith does not charge for readings. Smith was studied by Professor Archie Roy in a series of experiments to determine his possible psychic abilities, the results of which were published in the Journal of the Society for Psychical Research. Television and film He was featured in the BBC Everyman (TV series) series and in another BBC documentary, Talking to the Dead in 2003. He has also appeared on Richard & Judy, discussing mediumship. In October 2005, Smith was revealed as the new medium on Living TV's Most Haunted, taking over from Derek Acorah. He appeared in Series 7 and three episodes of Series 8 before being replaced by David Wells. In 2008, Smith appeared in a special \"Paranormal Edition\" episode of The Weakest Link, in which he made it to the final round but lost to Mia Dolan. In 2008–09, he presented his own series 'Psychic Therapy' on the Biography Channel. Smith appeared in the film adaptation of Jackie Collins' book, Paris Connections, appearing alongside Charles Dance and Trudie Styler. Smith has appeared on the television show This Morning, along with the skeptic and psychologist, Chris French, discussing possible psi phenomena. Both men carried out a 'reading' of two blind-folded women and then later compared their results with the women and the show's presenters. Bibliography Inner Visions: A Medium's Life, Pembridge Publishing, 2000. . Spirit Messenger: The Remarkable Story of a Seventh Son of Seventh Son, Hay House, 2003. . The Unbelievable Truth, Hay House, 2004. . Stories from the Other Side, Hay House, 2006. . Through My Eyes, Hay House, 2006. . Life Changing Messages: Remarkable Stories From The Other Side, Hay House, 2007. . The Amazing Power of Animals, Hay House, 2008. . (Later published in 2018 as Animal Magic: The Extraordinary Proof of our Pets' Intuition ). Developing Mediumship, Hay House, 2009. . Why Do Bad Things Happen?, Hay House, 2009. . Intuitive Studies: A Complete Course in Mediumship, Hay House, 2012. . Positive Vibes: Inspiring Thoughts for Change and Transformation, Hay House, 2013. . Best of Both Worlds, Coronet, 2014. . One Hundred Answers from Spirit, Coronet, 2016. . A Thin Place: Where Two Worlds Meet, (Children's Fiction), Cone House Publishing Limited, 2016. . Beyond Reasonable Doubt: The Case for Supernatural Phenomena in the Modern World, Coronet, 2018. . References External links Official Gordon Smith Website 1962 births Living people People", "title": "Gordon Smith (psychic medium)" }, { "docid": "13029699", "text": "Steps (Traditional Chinese: 舞動全城) is a TVB modern drama series broadcast in September 2007. Synopsis Exotic Salsa, Fussy CHA CHA CHA, Flirtatious Tango, A Mixture of Dancing Harmony Ballroom dancing emphasizes rhythm and mutual trust between the partners. If we can apply the same philosophy to our daily communication practices, we are likely to find ourselves in greater harmony and our lives will surely be enriched. Dance lover Lee Sum-Ying (Bernice Liu) is going to audition for a place in the Hong Kong Dance Company. Before the audition starts, she bumps into her brother Lee Lik-Keung (Wayne Lai) and his colleague Ching Ka-Tsun (Steven Ma) at a supermarket, where she is accidentally run over by Tsun’s trolley and hurts herself. Due to her arm injury, Ying does not perform well in the audition and fails the assessment. At the invitation of Tsun’s mother, Ying goes to teach Latin dance at a local community center, in the hope that she can save up enough money for further studies abroad. Ying has a very warm personality and is well liked by many of her students. Her popularity eventually lands her a teaching job at a dance workshop, which makes another dance tutor and Tsun's younger sister, Ching Ka-Man (Fala Chen), incredibly jealous. Man dislikes Ying so much that she means to make things difficult for her in every possible way. Yeung Sze-Man (Kate Tsui), the daughter of Tsun’s boss, is appointed to take charge of the company. In order to improve staff morale, Man has announced a series of reforms. She needs her staff to learn dancing so that they can get more physical exercise. Ying is hired as the dance teacher of Tsun and his colleagues. Tsun, who has some knowledge in dancing, has soon resumed his interest in this expressive form of art. Ying and Tsun have gradually developed a close bond with each other and even decided to take part in an international dance competition as partners, but the pair’s relationship is put to the test when Tsun and Keung later fall out over business matters. The discord between the two men has put Ying in dilemma. Not long after, one of the employees, who has worked at the company for long time until being fired by Sze-Man, told her father about the reforms and his being fired. As a result, Sze-Man was relieved of her duties. Sze Man's life took a turn for the worse when she found out that her boyfriend Dickson has married already. After some time, they broke up. But during the relationship, Keung's brother-in-law has a crush on her but didn't know how to say it to her. Meanwhile, Keung and Tsun were still mad at each other. This makes Ying and Tsun's relationship difficult. But when they found out about the fired employee's plan to take over the company, they worked together to bring him down. In the end, they got along. However, Sum-Ying's eyes were damaged due to a previous injury and", "title": "Steps (TV series)" }, { "docid": "45620830", "text": "Eye in the Sky (; literally \"Heaven's Eye\" or \"Sky's Eye\") is a 2015 Hong Kong crime thriller television drama created and produced by TVB. The drama focuses on the relationship between two brothers, portrayed by Kevin Cheng and Ruco Chan, and deals with themes of comeuppance and destiny. In the series, the two brothers often use video surveillance cameras to catch criminals; these cameras are also commonly referred to as \"heaven's eye\" in Cantonese speech. Eye in the Sky aired from 2 to 27 March 2015 on Hong Kong's Jade and HD Jade channels, totalling 20 episodes. Plot CID investigator Szeto Shun (Kevin Cheng) becomes the prime suspect of an arson case when surveillance cameras capture a culprit who looks identical to him. Thanks to an alibi, Szeto finally gets eliminated as a suspect, but his colleagues remain skeptical. To prove his innocence, Szeto resigns from his position in the police force and takes up a job as Head of Security at the swanky Y Suite Hotel. He decides to solve the arson mystery on his own, but not without the help of his former colleague, CID detective Scarlett Wong (Lin Xiawei), who seems to be the only one who believed his innocence. Small time private investigator Jan Ng (Tavia Yeung) falls in love with Szeto at first sight after seeing him take down a gun-crazed criminal. When a client who looks identical to Szeto shows up at her father's investigation firm later that day, she automatically assumes him to be Szeto without asking his name. Since the client does not want to divulge his true identity, he goes along with Jan thinking he is Szeto. The man hires her to trail a person that leads her entangled with the triads, but saves her in time and the two have a one-night stand. Eighteen months later, Jan runs into the real Szeto and assumes him to be the same person she had spent the night with, but while investigating another client's case at the Y Suite Hotel, she finds out that Szeto and her client are not the same. Thinking that Jan's client may be the true culprit in the arson case, Szeto tells Jan to find the man, and the two form a mentor-protege relationship. During this time, Szeto befriends security guard Cheng Nik-hang (Ruco Chan), a seasoned thief in disguise, who infiltrates the Y Suite Hotel to find a stolen treasure. While helping Szeto investigate his arson case, Szeto discovers Nik-hang's own tragic past, including being a twin brother who had his face burned during a burglary and reconstructed to look different 18 months later. Cast Main characters Kevin Cheng as Szeto Shun (司徒舜; Sitou Seon) Known as Szeto Sir, a former CID inspector who was forced to resign from the police force after becoming a suspect in an arson case. After leaving the force, he is hired by Kong Wui-hoi to be the security manager of his luxury Y Suite Hotel. Ruco Chan as Cheng Nik-hang", "title": "Eye in the Sky (TV series)" }, { "docid": "28897167", "text": "Lillian Adams (May 13, 1922 – May 25, 2011) was an American actress who appeared in over 100 film and television roles. Born in Chicago, Adams appeared in movies such as Private Benjamin and Bruce Almighty as well as television series such as Gomer Pyle: USMC, The Twilight Zone, Archie Bunker's Place, Married... with Children, NYPD Blue, Frasier, and Modern Family. Her last film project was an independent film titled At What Price. Adams also appeared in commercials for CVS Pharmacy as the mascot Super Saver Lillian. On May 25, 2011, Adams died of heart failure in Woodland Hills, California, aged 89. Selected filmography Crisis (1950) as Nurse Whirlybirds (1958, TV Series) as Drugstore Clerk The Wild and the Innocent (1959) as Kiri Hawks Tormented (1960) as Mrs. Ellis A Majority of One (1961) as Mrs. Stein Hemingway's Adventures of a Young Man (1962) as Indian Woman The Outer Limits (1963, Episode: \"Nightmare\") as Dix's Mother A Very Special Favor (1965) as Therapy Group Member Family Affair (1966, TV series) as Mrs. Mariani Enter Laughing (1967) as Theater Goer Dragnet 1967 (1968, TV series) as Mother Maria, Gypsy con artist Funny Girl (1968) as Pushcart Woman Ironside (1969, TV series) as Mrs. Farber The Comic (1969) as Old Lady Pate Katelin en Buenos Aires (1969) Adam-12 (1971, TV series) as Mrs. Fine Heavy Traffic (1973) as voice of Rosa Lepke (1975) as Mama Meyer Half a House (1975) as Bitsy's client An Enemy of the People (1978) Swap Meet (1979) as Woman The Last Word (1979) as Information Lady The Jerk (1979) as Tillie The Hunter (1980) as Blumenthal's Secretary Private Benjamin (1980) as Mrs. Goodman Archie Bunker's Place (1981, TV series) as Mrs. Plotkin Hey Good Lookin' (1982) as voice of Italian Woman Hambone and Hillie (1983) as Estelle Summer School (1987) as Grandma Eakian Out of This World (1988, TV series) as Evie Murphy Brown (1992, TV series) as Estelle Unstrung Heroes (1995) as Aunt Estelle Night Stand (1995-1997, TV series) as Ruthie / Pamela Wings (1997, TV series) as Older Lady Temporarily Yours (1997, TV series) as Passenger #1 Hang Time (1997, TV series) as The Russian Woman Mike Hammer, Private Eye (1997, TV series) as Mrs. Dominic Foreign Correspondents (1999) as Sonya Becker (1999, TV series) as Mrs. Rowick Dharma & Greg (1999, TV series) as Mrs. Spinoza Anywhere but Here (1999) as Jack's Mother Magnolia (1999) as Donnie's Old Neighbor Attention Shoppers (2000) as Gracie Little Nicky (2000) as Old Lady at Game Dean Quixote (2000) as University Teller The Sweetest Thing (2002) as Aunt Frida Kiss the Bride (2002) as Aunt Speed Malcolm in the Middle (2002-2006, TV series) as Mona Today I Vote for My Joey (2002) as Selma Bruce Almighty (2003) as Mama Kowolski Love for Rent (2005) as Mrs. Goldfarb The TV Set (2006) as Audience Member #2 It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia (2007, Episode: \"The Gang Sets Sweet Dee on Fire\") as Irvine Simon Ugly Betty (2007, TV series) as", "title": "Lillian Adams" }, { "docid": "38215870", "text": "Veronica Clare is an American crime drama created by Jeffrey Bloom that aired nine episodes on Lifetime between July and September 1991. The title character, played by Laura Robinson, is a private investigator and the co-owner of a restaurant and jazz club in Chinatown, Los Angeles. She pursues only cases that interest her, often finding these herself, and refuses payment. Clare solves cases using her intelligence and intuition. The supporting characters consist of her close friends and co-workers, played by Robert Beltran, Tony Plana, Christina Pickles, Robert Ruth, Robert Sutton, and Wayne Chou. The series incorporates elements of film noir. Lifetime developed Veronica Clare as one of its first original scripted programs, along with The Hidden Room and Confessions of Crime. Bloom created the show's premise after imagining Lauren Bacall as a Los Angeles detective. Gil Mellé composed the soundtrack, which uses jazz to create its ambience. Episodes were shot in May and June 1991 in a television studio in the San Fernando Valley and on-location in Los Angeles. After nine of its commissioned 13 episodes aired, Lifetime placed Veronica Clare on hiatus and later canceled it. The series was not released on DVD or any streaming service. In 1991 and 1992, the episodes were rebroadcast as four television movies. Critics praised Bloom's script for the first episode, but criticized the show's storylines, look, and tone as well as Robinson's performance. The series attracted feminist analysis with a focus on Clare's role as a female private investigator. Premise Story and characters The title character of Veronica Clare (Laura Robinson) is a private investigator and partial owner of an Art Deco restaurant and jazz club in Chinatown, Los Angeles. Clare often investigates cases that help women while using her club as a place to meet potential clients and suspects. She is the show's narrator, and at the end of each episode, she writes about her cases to a former lover in letters signed \"Love, Veronica\". However, she does not mail any of these letters, and the name and gender of her lover are never explicitly stated. Throughout the series, Clare is portrayed as mysterious, although there were plans to explore more of her past in future episodes had the show continued beyond its first season. In the pilot episode, a flashback provides some information on her backstory, and she is referenced as a detective's daughter. Clare only accepts cases that interest her and refuses any payment for her work. The series has very few action scenes as Clare does not perform hand-to-hand combat with men or participate in car chases. Although she owns a Walther PPK, she uses it only for self-defense; political theorist Philip Green wrote that the series portrays Clare's \"skill as a private investigator\" as her \"weapons\". Television critic Mark Dawidziak described Clare as operating on her own \"extremely personal code of ethics\" throughout the episodes. According to author Derrick Bang and the Associated Press's Jerry Buck, the series portrays Clare as a \"private eyeful\", and Buck explained", "title": "Veronica Clare" }, { "docid": "18409781", "text": "L'Élève Ducobu is a comic series created by Zidrou (scenario) and Godi (drawing). The series tells the adventures of Ducobu, a comic and eccentric dunce. The series first appeared in September, 1992, in the Belgian comics magazine Tremplin. The first album was published in 1997 by Le Lombard and from this year have appeared in the French comics magazine Le Journal de Mickey. Style L’élève Ducobu is an assortment of gags. Most of the story takes place at the Saint-Potache school, but some strips deal with the main character's private life and take place at home. Other strips go back into the past of the characters. Each album generally begins with the start of the school year and ends with the summer holidays. Characters L'élève Ducobu: the main character of the series; a very inventive dunce and joker, he is very resourceful at finding new ways to copy from his neighbour, to cheat or to defy the teacher's authority. But he always fails and each of his examination papers is rated with a zero. He spends all his time either copying, cheating, or reading Rik Spoutnik, his favorite magazine, or in the corner of the classroom with a dunce cap. He wears a pullover with yellow and black stripes, which refers to the traditional prisoners' uniform. Léonie Gratin, brilliant and gifted pupil and Ducobu's classroom neighbour; she continuously gets angry at all Ducobu's attempts to copy, but she sometimes naively feels some loving affection for him. She always gets a 10/10 mark, but occasionally fails owing to Ducobu's mischief, which explains why her overall score is never 10. Gustave Latouche, a very strict teacher; he is very demanding of his pupils. He always keeps an eye on Ducobu and foils all his attempts to cheat or copy, and succeeds in avoiding all his traps. He is single and loses his mother in the course of the series. Néness, the classroom anatomy skeleton; he stays all the day at the back of the classroom and waits for Ducobu to be sent to the corner. He is a joker and likes commenting on Ducobu's adventures, but he sympathizes with him and is ready to help or defend him. Rotule: the skeleton of a small female dog which was abandoned by its masters going in holidays. It was offered by Ducobu to Néness so that he does not get bored during the holidays. Ducobu's father: a lazy and frivolous civil servant at the Ministry of Employment; he takes care alone of his son, his wife having left him when Ducobu was a baby. Léonie's mother, in charge of the perfume section in a department store. A single mother, she is extremely proud of her daughter and always praises her school results and her hard work. She dislikes the Ducobus and does not hesitate to criticize them. Saint-Potache's headteacher, a woman who appears occasionally, usually wearing a green jacket. She and Mister Latouche have a good professional relationship. Ghislaine Rateau, music teacher at Saint-Potache,", "title": "L'Élève Ducobu" }, { "docid": "3800250", "text": "Old Friends is a trade paperback collecting comic stories based on the Angel television series. Story description Angel: Old Friends #1 A vampiric figure seems to be causing a string of deaths in LA, so Angel must return to the city to investigate with Gunn. The case reunites him with old friends and old enemies. Angel: Old Friends #2 Having learned that Spike had a doppelganger, the vampiric-like killings continue across L.A., and Angel is drawn back into the city. Angel: Old Friends #3 Angel learns he may not be able to trust even his eyes as the events in the city take a turn toward darkness when they see Wesley and Illyria. Angel: Old Friends #4 Angel and his friends try to find out who is playing tricks on them by finding Lorne, but when another Lorne shows up, who can they trust? Angel: Old Friends #5 Angel hopes he can trust his friends as conflict approaches with Dr Sparrow, who has been creating doppelgangers of Angel and his old friends. Continuity Set after Angel season 5 (after the episode Not Fade Away), and after the comic series, The Curse. Canonical issues Angel comics such as this one are not usually considered by fans as canonical. Some fans consider them stories from the imaginations of authors and artists, while other fans consider them as taking place in an alternative fictional reality. However unlike fan fiction, overviews summarising their story, written early in the writing process, were 'approved' by both Fox and Joss Whedon (or his office), and the books were therefore later published as officially Buffy merchandise. Therefore, there is evidence for these comics to represent an (albeit incomplete) continuation of the Angel storyline. Wesley-Wyndam Pryce died in \"Not Fade Away\". He does not appear in this comic, instead we see a doppelganger created by Dr Sparrow. (This is also the reason why Cordelia and Fred seem to appear in this comic, both having previously died in \"You're Welcome\" and \"A Hole in the World\" respectively). Old Friends contradicts the story established by Angel: After The Fall, which reveals Gunn has been turned into a vampire and has not lost either of his eyes. References Angel (1999 TV series) comics IDW Publishing titles 2006 comics debuts Comics about cloning Comics by Jeff Mariotte", "title": "Old Friends (Angel comic)" }, { "docid": "247262", "text": "Private eye or Private Eye may refer to: Private investigator, a hired detective Private Eye, a British news, investigative and satirical magazine Film and television Private Eyes (1953 film), a film starring The Bowery Boys The Private Eyes (1976 film), a Hong Kong film starring Michael Hui The Private Eyes (1980 film) a film starring Don Knotts and Tim Conway Private Eye (1987 film), a 1987 TV film starring Josh Brolin Private Eye (TV series), a 1987–1988 American series based on the film Private Eye (film), a 2009 South Korean film Private Eyes (TV series), a 2016 Canadian series starring Jason Priestley Literature The Private Eye, a 2013 comics series by Brian K. Vaughan and Marcos Martín Private Eyes (play), a 1996 play by Steven Dietz \"Private Eye\", a 1949 short story by Lewis Padgett (Henry Kuttner and C. L. Moore) Music \"Private Eye\" (song), a 2001 song by Alkaline Trio \"Private Eye\", a song on the album Adultery by Dog Fashion Disco Private Eyes (Hall & Oates album), 1981 \"Private Eyes\" (song), the title song Private Eyes (Tommy Bolin album), 1976 Other uses Private Eye (1984 video game), a game from Activision Private Eye (1996 video game), a game from Brooklyn Multimedia Private Eye Project, an American educational program Private Eyes (nightclub), a former nightclub in New York City See also Privatize, to transfer ownership from the public to the private sector", "title": "Private eye" }, { "docid": "7192435", "text": "Martin Kane, Private Eye is an American crime drama radio and television series sponsored by United States Tobacco Company. It aired via radio from 1949 to 1952 and was simultaneously a television series on NBC from 1949 to 1954. It was the \"earliest of successful cops-and-robbers series\" on television. Radio Martin Kane, Private Eye began as a 1949–1952 radio series starring William Gargan in the title role as New York City private detective Martin Kane. It aired on the Mutual Broadcasting System Sundays at 4:30 pm from August 7, 1949, to June 24, 1951. The program was developed by the Kudner Agency's Myron Kirk. When the crime drama moved to NBC Radio on July 1, 1951, Lloyd Nolan took over the title role until mid 1952. Lee Tracy portrayed Kane for the remainder of the radio series, ending December 21, 1952. Other members of the cast were Walter Kinsella as Tucker \"Hap\" McMann, Nicholas Saunders as Sergeant Ross, and Frank M. Thomas as Captain Burke. Fred Uttal was the announcer. Edward L. Kahan was the producer; Ted Hediger was the director and writer. The radio episodes aired between 1949 and 1952 were not merely audio rebroadcasts of the television show, but original episodes produced for the radio medium. Only 29 radio broadcasts are known to exist. The program was sponsored by Old Briar pipe tobacco and Encore and Sano cigarettes, all of which were products of U.S. Tobacco Company. Television Gargan, Nolan, Tracy, and Mark Stevens played the title role in Martin Kane, Private Eye on live television, airing on NBC from September 1, 1949, until June 17, 1954. The television version, also sponsored by United States Tobacco Company, integrated commercials into the detective drama by having Martin Kane enter his favorite tobacco shop, where he discussed pipe tobaccos and cigarettes with the tobacconist Happy McMann (Walter Kinsella), before leaving to continue the mystery narrative. Frank M. Thomas portrayed Captain Burke, King Calder was cast as Lieutenant Gray, Nicholas Saunders portrayed Sergeant Ross, Walter Greaza portrayed Captain Leonard, Loring Smith portrayed Captain Evans, and Sergeant Strong was portrayed by Michael Garrett. Frank Burns, the NBC pioneer and father of actor Michael Burns, produced and directed shows written by Henry Kane and Lawrence Young. Charles Paul provided the music. At the start and finish of the show, Kane was shown in shadow, lighting his pipe. Six episodes of this show have been released in the Best of TV Detectives DVD box set. Edward Sutherland was the producer and director. Finis Farr and Frank Wilson wrote the scripts. Gargan returned to the role for 39 episodes of the syndicated series The New Adventures of Martin Kane, premiering September 14, 1957, filmed in Europe for United Artists. In this version, Kane was based in London. After its original run, the series was resyndicated with the title Assignment Danger. Comic books The radio-TV series had a 1950 tie-in comic book, Martin Kane, Private Eye, published by Fox and illustrated by Wally Wood, Joe Orlando", "title": "Martin Kane, Private Eye" }, { "docid": "37385088", "text": "David Housewright (born February 7, 1955) is an Edgar Award-winning author of crime fiction and past President of the Private Eye Writers of America best known for his Holland Taylor and Rushmore McKenzie detective novels. Housewright won the Edgar from the Mystery Writers of America as well as a nomination from the PWA for his first novel \"Penance.\" He has also earned three Minnesota Book Awards. Most of his novels take place in and around the greater St. Paul and Minneapolis area of Minnesota, USA and have been favorably compared to Raymond Chandler, Ross MacDonald and Robert B. Parker. Biography Housewright was born and raised in Saint Paul, Minnesota. He is the son of Eugene Housewright, Sr., a businessman, and Patricia Langevin Housewright. He attended Cretin High School, where he was editor of the school newspaper until he was fired for printing an editorial opposing the Vietnam War. “I attended an all-boys Catholic military school during the height of Vietnam war. Of course they fired me. You would have fired me, too,” Housewright told the Wild River Review. He earned a degree in Journalism from the University of St. Thomas. He now lives with his wife, writer and theater critic Renee Marie Valois, in Roseville, Minnesota. Career Literary career Housewright’s first book, Penance (1995), which introduced detective Holland Taylor, won the 1996 Edgar Award for Best First Novel from the Mystery Writers of America and was short listed for a Shamus Award from the Private Eye Writers of America. The second book in the series, Practice to Deceive (1997) won the 1998 Minnesota Book Award and was optioned for the movies. In 2004, he introduced unlicensed P.I. Rushmore McKenzie with A Hard Ticket Home. The sixth novel in the series, Jelly’s Gold (2009) also won the Minnesota Book Award, as did Curse of the Jade Lily (2013). Tin City (2004), The Taking of Libbie, SD (2010) and Stealing the Countess (2017) were also nominated for the same prize. In 2012, Housewright released two stand-alone novels – The Devil and the Diva (written with Renee Valois) – a 2013 Minnesota Book Award nominee – and a young adult crime novel entitled Finders Keepers. He was elected President of the Private Eye Writers of America in June, 2014. That same year the Minnesota Historical Society and The Friends of the Saint Paul Public Library added Housewright's name and face to Minnesota Writers on the Map, joining accomplished writers Sinclair Lewis, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Maud Hart Lovelace, Laura Ingalls Wilder, August Wilson, Louise Erdrich, William Kent Krueger and Charles M. Schulz. Advertising career Before starting a career as a novelist, Housewright worked as a copywriter and creative director for Twin Cities advertising agencies such as Kamstra Communications, DBK&O, Blaisdell & Westlie and his own shop Gerber-Housewright, as well as Andersen Windows. His clients included Federal Express, 3M, Hormel Foods, Tony's Pizza, Jim Beam, the California Institute of Technology, Champion Batteries, and Partnership for a Drug-Free America. His work has been cited for a", "title": "David Housewright" }, { "docid": "55814966", "text": "Take Two is an American crime comedy-drama television series. Created by Andrew W. Marlowe and Terri Edda Miller, the creator and executive producer of Castle respectively, it stars Rachel Bilson and Eddie Cibrian. It premiered on ABC in the United States on June 21, 2018. In November 2018, the series was canceled after one season. Premise The series centers on Sam, fresh out of rehab and the former star of a hit cop series, and Eddie, a private investigator. They team up to solve crimes as Sam needs to conduct research for a potential comeback role. To get a P.I. movie lead, she has to shadow Eddie, an ex-LAPD detective-turned-private-eye. After solving a case, Sam decides to become Eddie's partner and learn more about being a P.I. after realizing that her acting skills make her a natural at the job. Cast and characters Main Rachel Bilson as Sam Swift, a disgraced actress who famously played a detective in a TV series, Hot Suspect, with over 200 episodes before her career collapsed due to alcohol problems. After leaving rehab, she starts over by becoming a P.I. working alongside Eddie, at first doing so to gain firsthand experience for a potential movie role before deciding that being a private detective is more fulfilling. Eddie Cibrian as Eddie Valetik, a private investigator and former LAPD detective who now works as a consultant with the department. He is cynical about Sam, seeing her as a liability to his job, but ultimately makes her his partner when she demonstrates a willingness to learn the ropes of being a P.I. Xavier de Guzman as Roberto \"Berto\" Vasquez, Eddie's tech assistant. Aliyah O'Brien as Detective Christine \"Chris\" Rollins, an LAPD detective. Rollins and Eddie have an on-again/off-again relationship. Alice Lee as Monica, Sam's unpaid assistant who is working towards her PhD in Psychology. Recurring Jordan Gavaris as Mick English, a medical examiner. Heather Doerksen as Syd, Sam's agent who hooks her up with Eddie's detective agency. Lamont Thompson as Zeus, Eddie's former partner from the LAPD who is currently a bar owner and runs a consulting firm that uses top-notch security systems. Episodes Production Development The series, which was in development since late March 2016, was ordered straight-to-series by ABC on November 16, 2017, with German RTL Group's channel VOX and French France 2 instantly joining them. On November 21, 2018, ABC canceled the series after one season. Casting On November 16, 2017, Rachel Bilson and Eddie Cibrian were cast as Sam and Eddie, the female and male leads, respectively. Xavier de Guzman joined the cast as Berto on February 15, 2018, and afterwards on March 13, 2018, Aliyah O'Brien and Alice Lee were cast as Detective Christine Rollins and Monica, respectively. Filming Production of the series started shooting at Crossing Riverbend Studios in Burnaby, British Columbia, on February 26, 2018, and concluded on July 23, 2018. Reception Critical response On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the series has an approval rating of 67% based on", "title": "Take Two (TV series)" }, { "docid": "15330156", "text": "Ace Crawford, Private Eye is an American sitcom that aired on CBS from March 15 to April 12, 1983. The series parodied the \"hard-boiled detective\" genre. Synopsis Tim Conway stars as a trench-coated private investigator who always solves the case and catches the bad guy, despite his constant bumbling. The show was broadcast on Tuesdays at 8 p.m. ET. Only five episodes were aired. Cast and characters Tim Conway as Ace Crawford, Private Eye. Joe Regalbuto as Toomey, a CPA and Crawford's assistant; he always saw Crawford as a hero, and thought that his bumbling was simply some kind of cunning strategy. Billy Barty as Inch, owner and bartender of The Shanty, a wharfside bar where Crawford hangs out. Shera Danese as Luana, a singer at The Shanty who lusted after Crawford. Bill Henderson as Mello, a blind jazz musician at The Shanty. Dick Christie as Detective Lieutenant Fanning, who was always mystified as to how Crawford solved every case. Format In each half-hour episode, Crawford would be hired for, or otherwise find himself involved in, a case in which criminals were taking advantage of innocent citizens. He would then approach the case using Conway's trademark comedy style; in one episode he was disguised as a feeble old man, in another he was using a children's toy microphone as a \"wire.\" In spite of the slapstick results of his actions, Crawford would always emerge triumphant. Every episode ended the same way: Crawford would leave The Shanty at night and walk along the wharf, vanishing into the fog... and then audibly fall into the water. Each episode was on film (as opposed to videotape), and had a laugh track. US TV ratings Episodes Home media In 1989, a VHS videocassette was released containing the first three episodes. In August 2020, Shout! Factory TV acquired complete streaming rights. References External links 1983 American television series debuts 1983 American television series endings 1980s American multi-camera sitcoms American detective television series American parody television series American English-language television shows Television series by CBS Studios Television shows set in New York City CBS sitcoms", "title": "Ace Crawford, Private Eye" }, { "docid": "38478649", "text": "Jack Taylor is an Irish mystery television drama based on the novels by Ken Bruen. Set in Galway, it features Iain Glen in the eponymous role of Jack Taylor, a former officer with the Garda Síochána (national police) who becomes a \"finder\" (private investigator) after leaving the service; Taylor looks for clues others have overlooked, and knows the streets of his hometown like the back of his hand. Premise Set in Galway, the series is based on Ken Bruen's crime novels and features Iain Glen as the leading character, Jack Taylor, an old-school detective, and a maverick who often drinks much more than is good for him. After he is sacked from the Gardaí (the Irish police force) for assaulting a politician he had stopped for a traffic violation, Jack begins to work as a private investigator, reluctantly taking on cases the police will not investigate. According to the series' voiceover, there are no private eyes in Ireland–\"It's too close to being an informant – a dodgy concept\". Jack soon realises his experience suits him in his new role. He is aided in his investigations by his contacts, including some of his former Gardaí colleagues, notably Officer Kate Noonan. Cast Iain Glen as Jack Taylor Killian Scott as Cody Farraher Nora-Jane Noone as Garda Kate Noonan (series 1-2) Siobhán O'Kelly as Garda Kate Noonan (series 3) Tara Breathnach as Anne Henderson (series 1) Frank O'Sullivan as Superintendent Clancy (series 1) Bill Murphy as Ford (series 1) Pádraic Breathnach as Father Malachy Jack Monaghan as Darragh Noonan (series 3) Background The first Jack Taylor film, The Guards, received its television debut on Ireland's TV3 on 2 August 2010. It was later shown on Canvas in Belgium with Dutch subtitles, and received its first UK broadcast on Channel 5 on 21 February 2013. Following The Guards, two further films, The Pikemen and The Magdalene Martyrs, were recorded and aired in September 2011. In November 2011 the Irish Film and Television Network reported that a further two films, The Dramatist and Priest, were in production, and that Noone and Scott would once again join Glen, reprising their roles. Aaron Monaghan, Emma Eliza Regan and Gavin Drea would also join the cast. The Dramatist aired on TV3 on 3 March 2013, with Priest debuting a week later. Filming for Shot Down, the sixth episode of the series, and billed as the season one finale, began on 7 June 2013. The film is based on Bruen's novel The Killing of the Tinkers. Episodes 1 through 6 became available in the US on Netflix Streaming on 19 February 2014, episodes 7 through 9 as of 10 April 2017. Iain Glen spoke to the Daily Record about his role as Taylor shortly before the series began airing in the UK in February 2013, saying the chance to pay homage to the 1970s film, Chinatown, had inspired him to take the part:I've always fancied playing a private eye, ever since I saw Jack Nicholson play Jake Gittes in", "title": "Jack Taylor (TV series)" }, { "docid": "2611014", "text": "is a Japanese anime television series conceived by Konami and animated by J.C.Staff which originally aired on TV Tokyo from April to September 2005. A PS2 dating sim game of the same name based on the anime was also made by Konami. The North American DVD was released by ADV Films in 2007. Plot The story follows Rino Rando, who has been on her own since the death of her mother, Chieri, as she transfers to Miyagami Private Academy with the recommendation of her mysterious pen pal, Mr. Poppit. Shortly after her arrival, Rino surprisingly becomes a member of elite group of girls called the Best Student Council. Rino learns that Kanade Jinguji founded Miyagami Private Academy as a place where students can live free from restrictions and that the Best Student Council was formed to ensure that freedom. Best Student Council Members receive free tuition, room and board. The story takes place at Miyagami Private Academy, a mysterious all-girl high school, its student council, the Miyagami Academy Maximum Authority Wielding Best Student Council, also known as the Best Student Council (Gokujou Seitokai), having their own Assault, Covert, and vehicle divisions. This council has more authority power than any of the faculty and staff members. The Best Student Council is divided into the four main divisions: Executive, Assault and Covert plus the Vehicle Squad. Each member of the council has their own special ability, such as special fighting techniques, the gathering of information, or weaponry such as cards, a yo-yo, or, in Rino's case, her hand puppet, Pucchan. It is revealed in an early episode that no one really knows how many members are actually in the best Student Council except the President. Characters Executive members Rino is the main character of the series and, on her first day, is given the title of Secretary of Best Student Council. Among the Best Student Council, she is the one that does not have any good ability or specialty. Besides, not intelligent at all, she is very dense and slow, but she is an adorable, cheerful, friendly, and kind little girl. Kanade brings her into Best Student Council to keep Rino close with her so she can protect her. She is almost always seen with Pucchan, her hand puppet companion. Pucchan's fight ability and his power of \"Burning\" which he uses to fight is the reason the other member accept her to be in Best Student Council in the beginning of the series. She is also a member of Jinguuji family and has inherited the powers of the Jinguuji family but does not know about it. Her \"power\" is capable of sending her voice outwards to everyone in a large radius around her, when her \"powers\" awaken late in the series. Her mother Chieri was a member of the Jinguuji family and a former candidate of Jinguuji successor. She had the strongest \"power\" ever among the Jinguuji which was inherited by Rino. She ran away because she disliked the ways of the", "title": "Best Student Council" }, { "docid": "22835498", "text": "Human Target is an American action drama television series that was broadcast by Fox in the United States. Based loosely on the Human Target comic book character created by Len Wein and Carmine Infantino for DC Comics, it is the second series based on this title developed for television, the first TV series having been aired in 1992 on ABC. Developed by Jonathan E. Steinberg, Human Target premiered on CTV in Canada and on Fox in the United States in January 2010. The series stars Mark Valley, Chi McBride, Jackie Earle Haley, with Indira Varma and Janet Montgomery joining the cast in the second season. It follows Christopher Chance (Valley)–an ex-assassin–who is a private contractor that serves as a bodyguard and provides security for his clients. It was renewed for a second season in May 2010, with new showrunner Matt Miller replacing Steinberg. The series received generally positive reviews, with critics praising its action sequences and its use of comedy. Fox canceled the series after two seasons in May 2011. Synopsis The series follows the life of San Francisco-based Christopher Chance (Mark Valley), a unique private contractor, bodyguard and security expert hired to protect his clients. Rather than taking on the target's identity himself (as in the comic book version), he protects his clients by completely integrating himself into their lives, to become a \"human target\". Chance is accompanied by business partner Winston (Chi McBride) and hired gun Guerrero (Jackie Earle Haley). Former client Ilsa Pucci (Indira Varma) becomes Chance's benefactor, while experienced thief Ames (Janet Montgomery) joins the team to seek redemption. Chance puts himself on the line to find the truth behind the mission. Even his own business partner Winston does not know what drove him towards this life, although it is explained in the first-season finale episode (which also explains about the name Christopher Chance itself). Cast and characters Main Mark Valley as Christopher Chance: An ex-assassin formerly employed by \"The Old Man\", who became a security specialist/private contractor/mercenary-for-hire helping those in need. He took the name from the previous Christopher Chance (Lee Majors). His real name is unknown. Abandoned as a child, Chance has a dark and mysterious past, beginning with his recruitment by \"The Old Man\" and training into one of the world's greatest assassins. Despite being given the Old Man's true name as his own (he is referred to as \"Junior\") and being selected to succeed him as leader of the organization, Chance instead broke ranks, fled, and taking up the name and mantle of Christopher Chance, started his life again. Officially, he is listed as \"John Doe\", with the name \"Christopher Chance\" amongst his many aliases. Chi McBride as Detective Laverne Winston:A former police inspector with the San Francisco Police Department who is now Chance's business partner. Winston left the force after the Katherine Walters mission \"to do what was right. But no B.S.; no egos in the way\". At the end of season one, he was in the custody of one of", "title": "Human Target (2010 TV series)" }, { "docid": "11876254", "text": "Timothy Hallinan (born 1949) is an American thriller writer, based in Southern California and Southeast Asia. In the 1990s, Hallinan created the erudite private eye Simeon Grist, who appeared in a total of six novels, all set in Los Angeles. The series was widely and well reviewed, with some titles appearing on critics' \"Ten Best\" lists for the year in which they appeared, such as that of the Drood Review of Mystery, but did not achieve widespread popularity. (Hallinan came out with a seventh Grist novel in 2017.) Hallinan returned to publication in 2007 with a second series, set in Bangkok, where he has lived off and on since the early 1980s. The first book in the series is A Nail Through the Heart (2007). The fourth, The Queen of Patpong (2010), was nominated for both the Edgar and the Macavity awards. The sixth, For the Dead (2014), was chosen by The New York Times Book Review to represent Thailand in its “Thrillers from Around the World” feature. In 2011 he launched a third series starring Junior Bender, a burglar who serves as a private detective to Los Angeles' underworld elite. The fourth book, Herbie's Game, won the Lefty Award for Best Humorous Mystery Novel in 2015. In his non-writing career, Hallinan served as a consultant to corporations, advising on issues of television sponsorship and audience-building. He also created a firm, Hallinan Consulting, that created educators' websites on behalf of a number of public television programs, including The Rise and Fall of Jim Crow, Slavery in America, and The Supreme Court. He now writes full-time. Personal life Hallinan lives eight months a year in Santa Monica, California, and four months a year in Southeast Asia. Novels Simeon Grist series Series about an erudite LA private eye. While Skin Deep was the third published novel, it was actually the first written and, according to the internal chronology of the series, takes place earlier than the other Simeon Grist books. (According to Hallinan, the \"actual order of the Simeon Grist novels\" is Skin Deep, The Four Last Things, Everything but the Squeal, Incinerator, The Man with No Time, The Bone Polisher, and Pulped. The Four Last Things (1989) Everything but the Squeal (1990) Skin Deep (1991) Incinerator (1992) The Man with No Time (1993) The Bone Polisher (1995) Pulped (2017) Poke Rafferty series Thrillers set in Bangkok – a travel writer trying to make a life in the Thai capital. A Nail Through the Heart (2007) The Fourth Watcher (2008) Breathing Water: A Bangkok Thriller (2009) The Queen of Patpong: A Poke Rafferty Thriller (2010) Hansum Man (2011) The Fear Artist (2012) For the Dead (2014) The Hot Countries (2015) Fools' River (2017) Chalee's Nativity ( 2017) Street Music (2018) Junior Bender series Comic thriller series about Junior Bender. Crashed (2010) Little Elvises (2011) The Fame Thief (2013) Herbie's Game (2014) King Maybe (2016) Fields Where They Lay (2016) Nighttown (2018) Rock of Ages (2022) Books edited by Timothy Hallinan Shaken, a", "title": "Timothy Hallinan" }, { "docid": "57086074", "text": "is a Japanese comedy manga series written and illustrated by matoba. It was serialized in Square Enix's Monthly Shōnen Gangan magazine from July 2015 to May 2020, with its chapters collected into twelve tankōbon volumes. The series is licensed by Yen Press. An anime television series adaptation by Liden Films aired from October to December 2018. Synopsis Mullin works for Her Highness, Lady Beelzebub, and is something you could call being her secretary. Their working place is Hell, so Lady Beelzebub has to be fierce and strong at all times. However, Mullin is surprised when he finds out that his boss is obsessed with all things fluffy and sweet. Her room is full of fluffy little creatures called Gossamer and she loves to eat sweets. In his quest to make sure Beelzebub does all of her work and perhaps doesn't sleep naked, Mullin has to cope with his burgeoning crush on his boss and the oddities of the other demons around her, like Azazel and his refusal to talk or Belphagor and her nervous bladder. But even if the job is harder than he expected in some strange ways, Mullin wouldn't trade it for anything…especially because little miss Beelzebub may be starting to like him back. Characters A young girl with long blond hair and blue eyes. Beelzebub is a former Seraph and the current ruler of Pandemonium following the unexplained disappearance of Satan. While most demons look up to her for her skills as a capable and intelligent ruler, in private she is a ditzy airhead who rules only because it is her job and loves anything fluffy, in fact her lifelong dream is to become one big ball of fluff. She enjoys teasing her Head Attendant, Mullin, and frequently embarrasses him for her own amusement. She falls in love with him after an incident where he protected her from thugs made her heart race, but as she has had no experience with men she as yet does not understand what her feelings are. Mullin is young male demon with light blue-purple hair and tiny green eyes, he is Beelzebub's Head Attendant and prefers all work to run smoothly and efficiently. He has some tsundere characteristics with other demons claiming he has the \"pure heart of a maiden.\" He is easily embarrassed and will blush whenever he is exposed to Beelzebub's naked body or anything to do with sex. He is often frustrated by Beelzebub's behavior and while he respects her leadership skills he is more than willing to scold her ditzy airheaded behavior. He is strongly attracted to her and often cannot handle how cute she is. He is highly protective of her and has at least some ability to fight as he quickly dealt with two thugs harassing Beelzebub when she was lost in the city. A young female demon with pink hair and red eyes, she is the former Principality of Heaven. She suffers from severe social anxiety and is scared of almost everybody, except for", "title": "As Miss Beelzebub Likes" }, { "docid": "1810152", "text": "Barry Ernest Fantoni (born 28 February 1940) is a British author, cartoonist and jazz musician of Italian and Jewish descent, most famous for his work with the magazine Private Eye, for whom he also created Neasden F.C. He has also published books on Chinese astrology as well as a mystery novel set in Miami featuring 87-year-old private investigator Harry Lipkin. Biography Fantoni was born in London's East End to an Italian father and a Jewish mother of French and Dutch extraction, both gifted musicians. He was educated at the Archbishop Temple School in London. At the age of fourteen, he was awarded the Wedgewood Scholarship for the Arts and studied at the Camberwell School of Arts and Crafts from 1954 until 1958. There, he formed the school's first jazz group as well as a film society and pioneered a drama group before getting expelled. In 1963, Fantoni became a member of the editorial staff of the satirical magazine Private Eye. He was behind some of the magazine's most famous characters, and appeared in all but 31 of its 1,278 issues until his retirement in 2010. He also wrote scripts for the BBC TV programme That Was the Week That Was in 1962. Fantoni hosted a short-lived BBC TV show called A Whole Scene Going in 1966, which won him the title of Male TV Personality of the Year. The show focused on contemporary trends in the arts: Twiggy made her first appearance on the show, and it also featured performances from The Who, The Kinks and The Pretty Things. He illustrated the sheet music for \"Let's go to San Francisco\" by The Flowerpot men. On 27 January 2007 he debuted on BBC Radio 5 Live's Fighting Talk. He scored 28 points thus finishing in last place which is a programme tradition for a debutant. In September 2007 he was a guest on Private Passions, the weekly music discussion programme hosted by Michael Berkeley on BBC Radio 3. E. J. Thribb (17½) Fantoni is the creator and writer of poems supposedly penned by one E. J. Thribb – the fictitious poet-in-residence at Private Eye. His poems are usually about recently deceased famous people, and always begin \"So, farewell then...\". Thribb also usually mentions the deceased's \"catchphrase\" or theme song and his poems often feature his friend Keith, or Keith's mum, who usually does something \"like\" the deceased. The poetry consists of a stream of consciousness which is just broken up into lines. Selected filmography Just Like a Woman (1967) The Strange Affair (1968) Otley (1968) References External links Fighting Talk website British Cartoon Archive – University of Kent – biographical page on Barry Fantoni 1940 births Living people Artists from London Writers from London English people of Italian descent British astrologers 20th-century astrologers 21st-century astrologers British male journalists British comic strip cartoonists Private Eye contributors", "title": "Barry Fantoni" }, { "docid": "8506595", "text": "\"In or Out\" is an episode from the dramedy series Ugly Betty, the thirteenth in the series overall, which aired on January 18, 2007. It was written by Myra Jo Martino and directed by Michael Spiller. The episode title itself is an allusion to the film with the similar name. Plot Following Sofia's deception, Betty is working as a waitress at a Mexican restaurant called Burrito King. When Betty remarks that she needs to pick up Daniel's dry cleaning and run a few errands for him, Hilda points out that she is not his assistant anymore, but Betty says she needs to look out for him. Betty later discovers a disheveled and depressed Daniel hiding out in his dirty apartment, having told everyone he was in Rio to save himself some embarrassment. She tells him next week is Fashion Week and the company needs him. Daniel is relieved to learn that Betty quit her MYW job with Sofia, and rehires her as his assistant. The next morning, while Betty and her family have breakfast, Betty discusses with Hilda whether she should pursue a new relationship with Henry at MODE or settle down into a future with Walter. Betty then meets Daniel on the way to work, where Daniel is unsettled to see posters of MYW's first issue, featuring Sofia's article plastered on buses and walls, complete with the Daniel-Sofia cover shot. Betty reminds Daniel that he can do this; he can go to work and survive if he runs into Sofia. Daniel takes Betty and Amanda into his office and tells them they are both going to be his assistants. At the Wilmont Clinic, Wilhelmina and the mystery woman are informed by Steve, the private eye Wilhelmina hired, that the price is $1,000,000 to make it look like Bradford is responsible for Fey's death. The mystery woman insists to Wilhelmina that they have to move quickly once she pays the money and that Wilhelmina must eliminate anyone she does not trust at MODE. Wilhelmina then returns to her office and discusses with Marc who is in and who is out at MODE. She opens her secret compartment with pictures of MODE'''s employees, half of whom are placed on a side labeled \"In\" and half are on the side labeled \"Out\". Christina is placed on the center line, not quite \"In\" or \"Out\" because Wilhelmina does not know if she can trust her despite her having worked as her seamstress. Amanda is \"Out\" because Wilhelmina sees her as loyal to Daniel and believes that Amanda must prove her loyalty to her to get \"In\". At MODE, Betty tells Amanda that they have to build up Daniel's confidence again and take his mind off Sofia. Betty tells Amanda to put 8pm on Daniel's calendar for that night, and then goes to Christina to search for a new date. Betty takes Christina's advice and contacts supermodel Gisele Bündchen's people to arrange a dinner date for her and Daniel. Daniel tells Betty he is", "title": "In or Out" }, { "docid": "72738166", "text": "The Traitors (also known as The Traitors US outside of the United States) is an American reality competition series based on the Dutch series De Verraders. It is hosted by Scottish actor Alan Cumming. The first season was released on Peacock on January 12, 2023. In February 2023, the series was renewed for a second season, and the first three episodes were released on January 12, 2024. In February 2024, the show was renewed for a third season. Following the premise of other versions of De Verraders, the show features a group of contestants participating in a game similar to the party game Mafia – in which a small group of contestants become the titular \"Traitors\" and must work together to eliminate the other contestants in order to win the grand prize. The remaining contestants are \"Faithfuls\" and are tasked to discover and banish the Traitors by voting them out in order to win the grand prize. The American show is closely related to its British counterpart, with both being produced by Studio Lambert for the BBC and Peacock. They share the same location, props, and missions, with the main difference being the hosts. Format A group of contestants arrive at a castle in the Scottish Highlands with hopes of winning a large cash prize that is built up through missions. In season one there were 20 contestants, while in season two there were 22 contestants. The players are referred to as the \"Faithful\" but among them are the \"Traitors\" – a group of contestants selected by the host, whose goal is to eliminate the Faithfuls and claim the prize for themselves. Should the Faithful contestants eliminate all the Traitors, they will share the prize fund, but if any Traitors make it to the end, they steal the money. Most nights, the Traitors come together and decide upon one Faithful contestant to \"murder\" and that person leaves the game immediately. The remaining Faithful contestants do not know who has been eliminated until the following day when that person does not enter the castle for breakfast. The first murder takes place before the first banishment. After that the murders usually take place after the banishments. The group then takes part in a mission to add money to the prize fund. Some challenges also offer an opportunity for players to visit the Armory where one player is secretly awarded the shield which gives the player immunity from being murdered, but not from the banishment vote. An attempted murder on the shield holder will result in no player being eliminated. At the end of each day, the players participate in the Round Table, where they discuss who to vote out before individually voting for a player to be banished. Players cast their votes privately then reveal their votes in turn to everyone. They may give a brief rationale for their vote. The person who received the most votes is eliminated and reveals their affiliation. When a Traitor is eliminated, the remaining Traitors are", "title": "The Traitors (American TV series)" }, { "docid": "10342400", "text": "is a Japanese anime series based on the video game series by Capcom. It is set sometime between Devil May Cry and Devil May Cry 2. The show is produced by the anime studio Madhouse and directed by Shin Itagaki. It debuted on the WOWOW TV network in Japan on June 14, 2007, and ran 12 episodes. On June 30, 2007, at Anime Expo 07, it was announced that ADV Films had licensed the show. However, in 2008, it became one of more than 30 titles that were transferred to Funimation. The series made its North American television debut on the Funimation Channel in September 2010 and it began airing on Chiller's Anime Wednesdays block on July 15, 2015. Plot The series is set sometime between Devil May Cry and Devil May Cry 2. It is based on the manga and novel volumes, and sees the return of series regulars Trish and Lady. In the show, Dante runs his devil-hunting business, “Devil May Cry”, while struggling under constant financial debt. Two new characters were also introduced — Dante's agent Morrison, who helps his chronically indebted client find work and gives him helpful life advice, and Patty Lowell, a young orphan girl he saves in the first episode, who develops a father-daughter relationship with him. While the show's stories were mostly self-contained, a season-long plot was introduced in the first episode and came to the forefront in episodes 10–12. Characters The half-demon son of Sparda, the legendary Dark Knight (a demon) and Eva (a human), Dante operates as a private investigator, mostly accepting jobs involving the supernatural. When he accepts a job, he diligently finishes it to the point of gaining a reputation for infallibility. Dante is strong enough to defeat a small army of lesser demons on his own, can easily shake off wounds that would kill normal humans, and possesses superhuman levels of speed, accuracy, and hand-eye coordination. Known for his cocky banter while working, he is fond of strawberry sundaes and pizza (as long as it does not have olives). His weapons of choice are a pair of Colt .45 pistols known as Ebony (for its dark color) and Ivory (for its silver color), and his sentient sword, Rebellion, which he conceals in a guitar case. Despite his talent for devil-slaying, Dante also suffers from an apparent lack of skill at gambling and always seems to be in debt, to the point where he often has to trick people when they try to get money from him and his office is frequently subject to cuts in power and water service. According to Dante, this is because people who hire him usually leave him a bill instead of paying him (due to the destruction his demonic abilities and weapons cause, such as destroying a bridge or building). His lack of money is also attributed to his associate Lady, to whom he owes an unspecified sum of money which she takes out of his earnings. When Dante does earn some", "title": "Devil May Cry: The Animated Series" }, { "docid": "27406486", "text": "TV Superstars is a party video game for the PlayStation 3, which uses the PlayStation Move motion controller. The game was developed by SCE Cambridge Studio and published by Sony Computer Entertainment. Gameplay In the game players take the role of a reality television show contestant who is on the hunt for fame and glory by winning a series of completely unrelated challenges on a Reality TV Show. The game utilises the PlayStation Eye to take a picture of the player which is then used to create an avatar which players use in the game. The game contains a series of party-style games which are part of a fake Reality TV Show. Games include \"Frock Star\", a fashion show where players have to walk down a runway with as much style to win through trying out outlandish outfits and applying makeup to their avatars. Another game, \"Let's Get Physical\" is a combination of American Gladiators and Japanese Game Shows, where players complete a series of mini-games such as running along a giant spinning wheel while dodging dangerous obstacles on the wheel or firing the avatar through the air to fit into a chalk outline printed on a wall. Other games include \"Big Beat Kitchen\" where players have to cook and rap in a Hip hop cooking show, \"DIY Raw\", a home make-over show which involves players attempting to prevent the house from collapsing and \"STAA\" (Superstars Television Acting Agency) where players have to film their own television commercials. Game progress is measured by the popularity of the player's avatar which is increased mainly through media coverage where players are reported in tabloids after winning or losing a game, being involved in lucrative product endorsements which places the avatar's name and likeliness on game billboards and TV commercials. Development The game was unveiled at the 2010 Game Developers Conference in San Francisco. It was originally seen in a trademark filing by SCEA on September 16, 2009. Reception The game received \"mixed\" reviews according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. In Japan, where the game was ported for release under the name on December 9, 2010, Famitsu gave it a score of 31 out of 40. See also Start the Party Wii Party References External links 2010 video games Guerrilla Cambridge games Party video games PlayStation Move-compatible games PlayStation Move-only games PlayStation 3 games PlayStation 3-only games Sony Interactive Entertainment games Video games developed in the United Kingdom", "title": "TV Superstars" }, { "docid": "62783176", "text": "Janet Dawson (born October 31, 1949) is an American writer of mysteries. Thirteen of her novels comprise the Jeri Howard series, featuring a private eye of the same name, and three make up the California Zephyr series featuring private eye Jill McLeod. Dawson's work has included many short stories and a mystery novel, What You Wish For, that is not part of either series. Dawson's Kindred Crimes was named a \"best first private-eye novel\" by St. Martin's Press and the Private Eye Writer's Association in 1990, and in 2004, her short story, \"Voice Mail\", won a Macavity Award. Dawson, a graduate of the University of Colorado, Boulder (B.S. in journalism), began her writing career as a reporter for the Daily News of Lamar, Colorado (1972–74). She served in the United States Navy (1975–83), where she rose to the rank of lieutenant. During these same years, she completed work for an M.A. in history at California State University, Hayward, graduating in 1983. From then through 1995, she was a legal secretary for Safeway Inc., thereafter becoming a full-time writer. Critical reception Pearl G. Aldrich, in St. James Guide to Crime and Mystery Writers, praises Dawson for creating a strong central character, Jeri Howard, \"an independent woman who chooses her own destiny and fights her own battles\", for her main series of novels. The overall quality of that series, she says, is high. Though she finds Dawson's writing style \"pedestrian ... and plodding\", the private eye is \"appealing and her cases interesting.\" Of Dawson's first Jeri Howard novel, Kindred Crimes, Publishers Weekly says, \"Dawson keeps suspense and interest at high pitch even for readers who correctly distinguish the guilty and innocent.\" The magazine describes as \"workmanlike\" her most recent novel in the series, The Devil Close Behind, concluding that \"This love letter to New Orleans has a great sense of place, which compensates in part for a mystery with few surprises. Series fans will best appreciate this one.\" Lauren Miller, writing for the Historical Novel Society, praises Dawson for the \"extensive research into train life\" that informs Death Rides the Zephyr. This detail includes \"every aspect of being a Zephyrette [train stewardess], from dealing with rude customers to the ticket colors used when scheduling luncheon and the dinner hour.\" However, Miller says, \"The well-detailed nature of the piece does affect the pacing, which at times feels slow...\". Bibliography Jeri Howard series Kindred Crimes (1990) Till the Old Men Die (1993) Take a Number (1993) Don't Turn Your Back on the Ocean (1994) Nobody's Child (1995) A Credible Threat (1996) Witness to Evil (1997) Where the Bodies Are Buried (1998) A Killing at the Track (2000) Bit Player (2011) Cold Trail (2015) Water Signs (2017) The Devil Close Behind (2019) California Zephyr series Death Rides the Zephyr (2013) Death Deals a Hand (2016) The Ghost in Roomette Four (2018) Short stories What the Cat Dragged In (2002) Scam and Eggs (2011) Other What You Wish For: A Novel of Suspense (2012) References 1949", "title": "Janet Dawson (writer)" }, { "docid": "60420699", "text": "Zuleikha (, Zuleihka otkrivaet glaza [Zuleikha Opens Her Eyes]) is a debut novel written in 2015 by the Russian author Guzel Yakhina. It describes the lives of various people, including the titular protagonist, struggling to survive in exile in Siberia from 1930 to 1946. The book won the Yasnaya Polyana Literary Award and the Big Book Award in 2015. It has been translated into twenty-one languages. Plot summary In 1930, Zuleikha lives in a small Tatar village in the Soviet Union with her husband Murtaza and her mother-in-law. Her husband treats her terribly and favors her mother-in-law heavily. Her mother-in-law is extremely ungrateful for everything Zuleikha does for her. Zuleikha is considered a failure because she has attempted to have 4 different children but all have died. As part of the dekulakization campaign, her husband is executed by Ignatov for refusing to leave. She is then exiled to Siberia with him while they go on a lengthy journey to a new \"Settlement\". Ignatov is not interested in Zuleikha and has a woman of his own at home but ends up getting trapped in this just as much as Zuleikha. After an extremely length waiting time and train ride where some people manage to escape they arrive at the port. The port takes them down the river to their settlement and sinks along the way. The result is many who were trapped on the boat and locked up ended up drowning. Zuleikha, tries to save them, almost drowning herself, but Ignatov saves her. This settlement turns out to be nothing more than some forest with little to no supplies. The remainder of the story takes place at this settlement and develops eventually into a real settlement. The first winter is harsh and many die but thanks to Ignatov's leadership and Zuleikha's hunting skills they survive. Many recruits arrive in the spring and don't make it through the harsh winter. The novel is a historical fiction inspired by stories told to the author by her grandmother, although real incidents in the novel are based on the memoirs of other people. The fictional setting of the novel is based on the labor settlement Pit-Gorodok in Severo-Yeniseysky District, where the author's grandmother was exiled as a child along with her parents. Adaptions A Russian language, eight episode television mini-series, Zuleikha Opens Her Eyes (), premiered on the TV channel Russia 1 in 2020. The series stars Chulpan Khamatova, Evgeniy Morozov and Sergey Makovetskiy and was directed by Egor Anashkin. The show received unexpectedly broad acclaim from both Russophone and Anglophone publications. References External links Novels about political repression in the Soviet Union Novels set in the Stalin era Russian novels 2015 Russian novels 2015 debut novels", "title": "Zuleikha (novel)" }, { "docid": "42734913", "text": "American Crime is an American anthology crime drama television series created by John Ridley that aired on ABC from March 5, 2015, to April 30, 2017. The first season centers on race, class, and gender politics as it follows the lives of the participants in a trial who are forever changed during the legal process. The series follows an anthology format with each season featuring a self-contained story with new characters, often played by the same group of actors. Actors featured prominently in all three seasons include Felicity Huffman, Timothy Hutton, Richard Cabral, Benito Martinez, Lili Taylor, and Regina King; while Elvis Nolasco and Connor Jessup have starring roles in two seasons. The series was renewed for a second season in May 2015. The second season, which premiered on-demand on December 17, 2015, and premiered on ABC on January 6, 2016, In May 2016, ABC renewed the series for a third season, which premiered on March 12, 2017. On May 11, 2017, ABC cancelled the series after three seasons. All three seasons of American Crime received critical acclaim. In 2015, the series received ten Primetime Emmy Award nominations, including for Outstanding Limited Series, Writing for a Miniseries, Movie or a Dramatic Special (Ridley), Lead Actress in a Miniseries or Movie (Huffman), Lead Actor in a Miniseries or Movie (Hutton), Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or Movie (Cabral), and a win for Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or Movie (King). In 2016, it received four Primetime Emmy Award nominations, including another for Outstanding Limited Series, with Huffman and Taylor being both nominated for Lead Actress in a Miniseries or Movie and King receiving a second win for Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or Movie. Overview The first season takes place in Modesto, California, where a war veteran becomes the victim of a home invasion gone wrong and the lives of four people are forever changed after each one is connected to the crime. The second season takes place in Indianapolis, Indiana, where the co-captains of a private school's basketball team are accused of sexually assaulting a male classmate and posting photographs of the incident online. The third season takes place in Alamance County, North Carolina, where five people struggle to survive in a place where the American Dream comes with a price. Cast and characters Season 1 Main Felicity Huffman as Barbara \"Barb\" Hanlon Timothy Hutton as Russ Skokie W. Earl Brown as Thomas \"Tom\" Carlin Richard Cabral as Hector Tontz Caitlin Gerard as Aubry Taylor Benito Martinez as Alonzo Gutiérrez Penelope Ann Miller as Eve Carlin Elvis Nolasco as Carter Nix Johnny Ortiz as Anthony \"Tony\" Gutiérrez Recurring Season 2 Main Felicity Huffman as Leslie Graham, the private school's manipulative principal Timothy Hutton as Dan Sullivan, the school's basketball coach Lili Taylor as Anne Blaine, Taylor's mother Elvis Nolasco as Chris Dixon, a public school's principal Trevor Jackson as Kevin LaCroix, a private school student and captain of the basketball team Connor Jessup as Taylor Blaine, the sexual assault accuser", "title": "American Crime (TV series)" }, { "docid": "53156090", "text": "Somewhere Between is an drama television series commissioned by ABC and produced by ITV Studios America and Thunderbird Entertainment. The show is an American adaptation of the Korean mystery TV show God's Gift: 14 Days, which aired on SBS. The show follows a mother who tries to change the fate of her daughter's murder. It stars Paula Patton, while Stephen Tolkin serves as writer and executive producer. Production began on March 7, 2017, in Vancouver, British Columbia. The series premiered as a summer replacement on July 24, 2017, and was cancelled after one season of 10 episodes. Cast Paula Patton as Laura Price – A local superstar news producer in San Francisco, helping the police to hunt down a serial killer. A fiercely loving mother, Laura's world comes to a crashing end when her daughter, Serena, is abducted and murdered by the killer. Attempting suicide, Laura inexplicably wakes up a week before Serena's death. From this point, Laura teams up with ex-cop Nico Jackson, who shared a similar \"reset\" moment, to track down the killer to change her daughter's fate. Devon Sawa as Nico Jackson – A former cop-turned-private investigator, Nico was a decorated SFPD detective whose fiancée, Susanna Spencer, was murdered; his brother, Danny, was convicted and sentenced to death for the crime, and Nico, believing he was guilty, testified against him. Struggling emotionally due to his loss, he was later fired from the police department for the brutal beating of a civilian. Turning to unscrupulous private eye work, Nico was almost killed and had a similar \"reset\" moment like Laura, waking up a week before Serena's death. Nico teams up with Laura to track down the killer. JR Bourne as Thomas \"Tom\" Price – Laura's powerful yet sensitive husband who is also the city's district attorney, Tom previously prosecuted the case against Danny and had him sentenced to death, although it is later implied he is hiding secrets regarding Danny's case. After Laura's \"reset,\" he becomes increasingly concerned by her erratic behaviour. Aria Birch as Serena Price – Laura's and Tom's daughter, who is abducted and drowned by a serial killer targeted by her mother. Unable to cope, Laura attempted suicide three months after Serena's death in the same lake her body was found in, but instead wakes up a week before Serena's death, with an opportunity to change her fate. Catherine Barroll as Grace Jackson – Nico's and Danny's mother and Ruby's grandmother and caretaker, Grace is the only person who believes Danny is innocent, and she is desperately trying to prove his innocence before he is executed. Camille Mitchell as Esperanza, Laura's mother and Serena's grandmother, an expensively preserved beauty who lives in a high end psychiatric facility where Laura, Nico and Serena go to visit her. There's bad blood between Laura and her damaged mother, but Esperanza adores her grandchild Serena, and does her best to help them all out. Samantha Ferris as Capt. Kendra Sarneau – An SFPD captain and Nico's former boss, in", "title": "Somewhere Between (TV series)" }, { "docid": "33230852", "text": "Marked is the first novel of the House of Night fantasy series written by P.C. Cast and Kristin Cast. The book was released on May 1, 2007 by St. Martin's Press, an extension of Macmillan Publishers. Young teenagers are selected to enter a four-year period transformation to a vampyre and marked with the unfilled mark of a crescent moon. Those are sent to their local Houses of Night, private schools directed by vampyres, specialized in helping the adolescents, called fledglings, survive the Change. Young fledgling Zoey is unusual: unlike other normal fledglings, she bears a filled mark, a sign that the goddess of vampyres, Nyx, has bestowed a great destiny onto her, but she also has to deal with normal high school girl issues, like school, boyfriends and the evil popular girl waiting just around the corner. The book has been translated into more than 20 languages including French, Spanish, German and Chinese. Plot Sixteen-year-old Zoey Redbird lives in a world where vampires, or \"vampyres\" have always existed. One day, during school, Zoey is marked by a Tracker to become a fledgling vampyre at the Tulsa House of Night, a boarding school where she will be trained to become an adult vampyre. She gets stopped outside in the parking lot by her ex-boyfriend Heath and his friends, who call her a freak and drive away. Zoey then hurries home to tell her mom. Her mother, Linda Heffer, blames her for the Mark and, together with her ultra-religious husband (Zoey's stepfather/step-loser), she tries to keep Zoey at home, to be presented to the Elders of the People of Faith, an anti-vampyre group. As fledglings need to be constantly in the presence of an adult vampyre so that their bodies won't reject the Change, Zoey flees to her grandmother Sylvia, a Cherokee Wise Woman. On the way, she passes out and has a vision with the vampyre goddess, Nyx, who announces to Zoey that she will be her \"eyes and ears\" at the House of Night. The goddess leaves Zoey with the words \"Darkness does not always equate to evil, Light does not always bring good\" which becomes a very frequent and important message throughout the series. Zoey wakes up at the school in the presence of her grandmother and the vampyre headmaster – her future mentor, Neferet. She finds out that her Mark is all filled in, unusually for fledglings, but follows her intuition and doesn't mention the vision to Neferet. As a fledgling vampyre, Zoey has the opportunity to change her name and does so, taking her grandmother's surname, Redbird, before parting with her. Another fledgling then takes her to her room, where she meets Stevie Rae, her new roommate and future best friend. Through Stevie Rae, Zoey meets and befriends Damien, Erin, and Shaunee. She also meets the snobby, beautiful leader of the Dark Daughters and Sons, Aphrodite, a fledgling with the power to see the future. To humiliate Zoey she invites her to join the Dark Daughters, who", "title": "Marked (novel)" }, { "docid": "74330979", "text": "Paragon Entertainment Corporation was a Canadian film and television production company that was formed by Jon Slan in 1977, and declared bankruptcy in 1998. History In 1977, Jon Slan, who went on to be a founding member of YTV and Superchannel (later Movie Central) founded Paragon Motion Pictures to produce feature films. After producing a series of feature films, the company entered television production in 1983 with the television series, Philip Marlowe, Private Eye. In the late 1980s, the company had set up Paragon International, headed by Isme Bennie, who represents the Degrassi series. In 1989, the company became Paragon Entertainment Corporation, while expanding to be a major Canadian studio to compete with the likes of rival TV producers, like Alliance Entertainment Corporation and Atlantis Films, and in 1990, it worked on a pilot for Detective Spot, which later became Dog House. In 1991, PBS partnered with Paragon Entertainment to revive the long-dormant Lamb Chop franchise, with Shari Lewis returning to host, and helped PBS to syndicate the series to affiliates. The following year, Paragon had lured away CBC producer Carol Reynolds to head up the company to serve as president for Paragon Productions. In 1993, the company became the first Canadian major film and TV producer to become a public-traded company. In order to keep up with the expansion of the U.S. market, the company hired Gary Randall to head up the company's U.S. TV operations, and hired Julie Lee to set up the company's Vancouver operations. In 1994, the company had bought out Handmade Films, and its title library. In 1995, the company had bought out animated studio Lacewood Productions for $3.2 million, and two years later, raised its stake to 75%, before taking full control later that year. In 1998, the company posted a $9 million loss to the company, and as a result, the company went bankrupt. As a result, the company's unit, Handmade Films would become independent, after an aborted buyout by Rubicon was aborted, with backing from Cartier Investments, with The Equator Group took over business. After Paragon went out of business, Jon Slan had formed a new company Steering Wheel Entertainment in 2003 to produce new projects. The company's library has been sold to Octapixx Worldwide after Paragon went out of business. Productions Television series Philip Marlowe, Private Eye (1986) Alfred Hitchcock Presents (1987-1989) Dog House (1990-1991) Beyond Reality (1991-1992) Lamb Chop's Play Along (1992-1997) Forever Knight (1992-1996) Kratt's Creatures (1996-1998) Films High-Ballin' (1978) Fish Hawk (1979) Improper Channels (1981) Threshold (1981) Wyatt Earp (1994) Intimate Relations (1996) The Wrong Guy (1997) The James Gang (1997) The Assistant (1997) Dinner at Fred's (1997) Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels (1998) Twice Upon a Yesterday (1998) The Secret Laughter of Women (1999) Television movies An American Christmas Carol (1979) The Courage of Kavik, the Wolf Dog (1980) Anything to Survive (1990) Held Hostage: The Sis and Jerry Levin Story (1991) Power Pack (1991) A Town Torn Apart (1992) Split Images (1992) Rapture (1993) Sherlock", "title": "Paragon Entertainment Corporation" }, { "docid": "46240556", "text": "was a Japanese smartphone game app developed by Cucuri for iOS and Android devices. The game started servie on November 13, 2014. A short TV anime series premiered in Japan on tvk on April 4, 2015. The game original creator Yoshinobu Sena voices the protagonist and writes the theme song for the anime. The theme song \"Everlasting Love\" is performed by Nami Tamaki. Premise The story of the original game takes place in London shrouded in night, where \"Vampire Slasher\" incidents have been happening in the streets. The player must work with Holmes, a detective who does not explain mysteries and does not use reasoning skills, to investigate a suspicious mansion and learn the truth. The anime series features Holmes as the protagonist. He is a private detective who does not reason, or not even explain mysteries. However, he always solves the cases requested. He secretly undertakes a mission from the Metropolitan Police of London to search for vampires. Characters A private detective, but against his name, he does not explain mysteries and does not use reasoning skills. He secretly undertakes a mission from the Metropolitan Police of London to search for vampires. Hudson is Holmes's young assistant. Kira is Holmes' house cat. Christina is landlord of the house where Holmes lives. References External links 2014 video games 2015 anime television series debuts Adventure games Android (operating system) games Anime and manga set in London Anime television series based on video games Detective video games IOS games Mystery video games Video games about vampires Video games developed in Japan Sherlock Holmes in games Anime and manga based on Sherlock Holmes", "title": "Vampire Holmes" }, { "docid": "14000289", "text": "Golden Trailer Awards1 7th Annual (2006) Best Action: Mission: Impossible III Best Horror: The Exorcism of Emily Rose Summer 2006 Blockbuster: Mission: Impossible III Best of Show: Mission: Impossible III Nominations: 10 trailers 6th Annual (2005) Best Action: War of the Worlds Best Horror: The Amityville Horror Summer 2005 Blockbuster: War of the Worlds Nominations: 9 trailers 5th Annual (2004) Best Horror/Thriller: Dawn of the Dead Nominations: 3 trailers 4th Annual (2003) Best Romance: Secretary * Trashiest: The Rules of Attraction * Nominations: 4 trailers The Hollywood Reporter Key Art Awards2 36th Annual (2007) First Place: Action/Adventure TV Spots: X-Men: The Last Stand First Place: Animation A/V (Trailers & TV Spots): Cars First Place: Horror Trailer: The Hills Have Eyes First Place: International Poster: Paris je t'aime Nominations: 12 35th Annual (2006) nominations and winners not known at this time 34th Annual (2005) nominations and winners not known at this time 33rd Annual (2004) Best of Show Audiovisual: The Texas Chainsaw Massacre Action Adventure Trailers The Texas Chainsaw Massacre Action Adventure TV Spots The Texas Chainsaw Massacre Comedy TV Spots Bringing Down The House ** Internet Advertising Lost in Translation * ** Home Entertainment Consumer TV Spots The Lion King, Special Edition * ** 32nd Annual (2003) nominations and winners not known at this time 31st Annual (2002) First Place: Comedy Trailer Not Another Teen Movie * 29th Annual (2000) Second Place: Comedy Poster Stuart Little * 28th Annual (1999) Best of Show Audio-Visual: Saving Private Ryan * First Place: Drama Trailer Saving Private Ryan * First Place: Teaser Trailer Godzilla * Second Place: Home Video Trailer The Mask of Zorro * Third Place: Teaser Trailer Saving Private Ryan * Third Place: Drama TV Spot Apt Pupil * 27th Annual (1998) Honorable Mention: Teaser Absolute Power * 26th Annual (1997) First Place: Drama TV Spot Jerry Maguire * First Place: Drama Trailer Jerry Maguire * 23rd Annual (1994) Second Place: Action/Adventure TV Spot In the Line of Fire * Third Place: Action/Adventure Trailer In the Line of Fire * Honorable Mention: Action/Adventure Trailer Wolf * 22nd Annual (1993) First Place: Drama TV Spot Bram Stoker's Dracula * Second Place: Action/Adventure TV Spot Stephen King's Sleepwalkers * Third Place: Drama TV Spot Bram Stoker's Dracula * 21st Annual (1992) Second Place: Drama TV Spot The Prince of Tides * PROMAX & BDA Awards3 Home Entertainment 2006 Awards nominations and winners not known at this time Home Entertainment 2005 Awards PROMAX - Promotion and Marketing Categories Gold Award: Movie Campaign Spider-Man 2 * Gold Award: Television Series Campaign Friends Season 7 * Gold Award: Print Ad - Consumer The Aviator * Gold Award: Poster - Promotion Scooby Doo 2 * Gold Award: Print Campaign - Consumer The Last Samurai (U.S.) * Gold Award: Print Campaign - Consumer The Last Samurai (Japan) * Gold Award: Action/Adventure Trailer Spider-Man 2 * Gold Award: In-Store Display Promotion Scooby Doo 2 Merchandiser * Gold Award: New Media Mulan Special Edition DVD Website * Gold", "title": "Trailer Park Awards" }, { "docid": "67860019", "text": "Secret Coders is a series of graphic novels that combines logic puzzles, basic programming instruction, and a story where a group of seventh graders uncover a secret coding school. The series is written by Gene Luen Yang, illustrated by Mike Holmes, and published by First Second Books. About the Author The popular American cartoonist, Gene Luen Yang, authored Secret Coders. He acquired a bachelor's degree in computer science at U.C. Berkeley. Some of his non-cartoonist jobs included a few years of software developing and over fifteen years of high school teaching computer science in Oakland, California. His books are based on his teaching techniques, and meant to be educational, fun, and accessible by all age levels. He wrote the book to inspire people to learn coding. Yang wrote the book in a similar way to how he taught his classes. He has written many graphic novels including American Born Chinese, Dragon Hoops and Boxers & Saints. American Born Chinese also an upcoming TV series based on the original book. Structure of the Novels Secret Coders is a series of 6 educational graphic novels. Each of the Secret Coders graphic novels has 3 chapters. The chapter “titles” are drawings of four-eyed binary birds, displaying the chapter number in binary with open and closed eyes. At the end of each chapter, there is a coding or binary challenge. At the end of each book, there is a coding challenge. The answer to the coding challenge is revealed at the beginning of the next book. The sixth and final book does not have a coding challenge at the end. The beginning of the first book implies that the books are stories being told by the main character, Hopper. This is confirmed by the end of book six, where Hopper begins to tell the story to Eni. All the books take place at Stately Academy Graphic novels Secret Coders (2015) This book is the first in the series and contains Chapters 1 - 3 In the first book, Hopper begins her first day at the strange Stately Academy. She meets Eni, who teaches about binary, teaching her how the robot birds around the school work. She also meets Josh, a kid who is perceived to be a bully by Hopper. Hopper meets an aggressive janitor named Mr. Bee, who she discovers he has more than meets the eye. She works with Eni to get into his office, and they find a robot turtle which is capable of learning basic speech commands. They both are caught by Mr. Bee, who uses the robot birds to attack them both, but they escape. Josh tries to apologize for his actions, but Hopper and Eni use the robot to trace a strange shape on the ground. It leads to an underground basement, but they are caught by Bee's birds and he gives them a challenge: if they can trace the path portal on the ground, they get to learn more about him. If not, they are expelled from", "title": "Secret Coders" } ]	[ "Toronto" ]
train_21965	who has the most gold medals in the world by country	[ { "docid": "3628983", "text": "Italy has sent athletes to most of the modern Olympic Games held since 1896, outside of not having \"officially\" participated (as a national delegation) in the 1904 Summer Olympics. Italy has taken part in all the Winter Olympic Games, winning 141 medals, and 618 medals at the Summer Olympic Games. Italy has won a total of 259 gold medals which makes them the 6th most successful country in Olympic history, after the USA, the Soviet Union, Germany, Great Britain and France. Italy has the sixth highest medal total of all time with 759. Italy has the third longest medaling streak after Sweden and Finland. Italy has medaled in 40 straight Olympic games, starting with the 1936 Summer Olympics. The Italian National Olympic Committee was created in 1914 and recognised in 1915. As of 2020, Italy is the most successful nation at fencing in Olympic history. Hosted Games Italy has hosted the Games on three occasions, with a fourth occasion is planning for the 2026 Winter Olympics. Medal tables According to the official count of the International Olympic Committee, Italy has won 618 medals at Summer Olympics. In the Summer Olympic Games, Italy has finished 2nd in 1932, 3rd in 1960, 4th in 1936, and 5th in 1924, 1928, 1948, 1952, 1956, 1964, 1980 and 1984. In the Winter Olympic Games, Italy has finished 4th in 1968 and 1994, and 6th in 1952 and 1992. Italy ranks 1st all-time in fencing, 2nd in cycling, 3rd in luge, 4th in boxing and shooting, 5th in alpine skiing, and 6th in bobsled, cross-country skiing and short track speed skating. Medals by Summer Games Performance of cyclist Frank Bizzoni, who immigrated from Italy to the United States but still was an Italian citizen in 1904, was disputed and not recognized by the International Olympic Committee until the 21st century. Medals by Winter Games Medals by summer sport Medals by winter sport Athletes with most appearances Notes: the names highlighted in pink indicate that they are female athletes. Notes: the names in bold indicate that they are still active. Athletes with most medals The Italian athlete who won the most medals in the history of the Olympic Games, is the fencer Edoardo Mangiarotti. Men gold medalist In this table (sorted by individual totals gold medals), the men who have won gold individual medals at the Olympics (but also at the World Championships). Notes: in Khaki the athletes still in activity. For cycling was considered for world championships, only professional events. Women gold medalist In this table, the women who have won gold individual medals at the Olympics and also at the World Championships. Updated to 16 February 2023. Summary by sport Aquatics Swimming Italy first competed in swimming at the 1900 Games, with two swimmers in three events winning no medals. Athletics Italy first competed in athletics in 1900. After 121 years from first participation, Marcell Jacobs became the very first Italian athlete to win a gold medal in Men's 100 metres at the Tokyo", "title": "Italy at the Olympics" }, { "docid": "57362187", "text": "Germany has participated in every edition of the World Athletics Championships since 1991. Prior to 1991, separate West Germany and East Germany teams competed at the global athletics competition. Germany has won the fifth highest total of gold medals at the event and has the fifth highest medal total overall. Germany's delegations are typically among the largest at the competition, numbering around 60-80 athletes. The country has a strong history in the sport for both men's and women's teams, and it enters competitors in most events at each championships. It ranks second behind the United States in the World Athletics placing tables, which awards points for top eight finishes. Germany has been most successful in the men's and women's throwing events, and the field events more generally. Its relay teams are competitive and regularly make the finals. The country's most successful athlete is men's discus throw champion Lars Riedel, who from 1991 to 2001 won five world titles and one bronze medal. Another discus thrower, Robert Harting, has three gold medals and one silver medal to his name. Several women hold a claim to be Germany's most successful female athlete: Astrid Kumbernuss and Franka Dietzsch each have won three gold medals in throwing events, sprinter Grit Breuer has the highest total at six medals, while another sprinter Katrin Krabbe has two golds and two bronze medals (all won in 1991). As of the 2019 World Athletics Championships, no German athlete has been disqualified from the competition for doping. Medal table Red border indicates tournament was held on home soil. Medalists References IAAF Statistics Book – IAAF World Championships London 2017 Germany at the 2017 World Championships in Athletics Germany World Championships in Athletics World Championships", "title": "Germany at the World Athletics Championships" }, { "docid": "23813489", "text": "Bulgaria has established traditions in a great variety of sports. Olympics Bulgaria participates both in the Summer and Winter Olympics, and its first appearance dates back to the first modern Olympic Games in 1896, when the Swiss gymnast Charles Champaud represented the country. Since then Bulgaria has appeared in most Summer Olympiads, and has won a total of 224 medals: 54 gold, 88 silver, and 82 bronze. The most successful participations took place at Munich (21 medals), Montreal (22 medals), Moscow (41), Seoul (35). At the Winter Olympic Games, Bulgaria has a less impressive record: only 6 medals (of which only one gold) out of 19 participations. Some of the most prominent Olympians include Mariya Grozdeva (shooting), Ekaterina Dafovska (biathlon), Armen Nazaryan (wrestling), Stefka Kostadinova (high jump, holder of the world record since 1987), Yordanka Donkova (100 m, holder of the world record since 1988), Yordan Yovchev (gymnastics), Neshka Robeva (gymnastics), Rumyana Neykova (rowing). Wrestling is the most successful discipline. Bulgarian wrestlers have earned a total of 68 medals - 16 gold, 32 silver and 20 bronze. Weightlifting is the second most successful sports with a total of 36 medals. Without doubt this is one of Bulgaria's highest priority sports with around 1,000 gold medals in different competitions, although cases of doping have occurred among Bulgarian weightlifters, which led to the expulsion of the entire Bulgarian team from the 2000 Summer Olympics, and their voluntary withdrawal from the 1988 Summer Olympics. Olympic authorities stripped a number of Bulgarian weightlifters of medals in 2004; and the country's entire weightlifting team withdrew in 2008. Stefan Botev, Nikolay Peshalov, Demir Demirev, Asen Zlatev, Blagoy Blagoev and Yoto Yotov figure among the most distinguished weightlifters. Naim Süleymanoğlu an ethnic Turk, originally trained and competed for Bulgaria before defecting and competing for Turkey. Shooting sports have also proven to be among Bulgaria's strongest disciplines. Mariya Grozdeva and Tanyu Kiryakov have won Olympic gold medals. Ekaterina Dafovska won the Olympic gold in biathlon in the 1998 Winter Olympic Games, while Evgenia Radanova is the most successful Bulgarian winter olympian with 3 medals in short track speed skating. Association football Football is the most popular sport in Bulgaria. Many Bulgarians closely follow the top Bulgarian league, currently known as the First Professional Football League; as well as the leagues of other European countries. The national team achieved its greatest success with a fourth-place finish at the 1994 FIFA World Cup in the United States. Dimitar Berbatov (Димитър Бербатов) ranks as one of the most famous Bulgarian football players. As of season 2012/2013, he plays for FC Fulham, rejoining with manager Martin Jol who brought him to England. Berbatov also spent four seasons at Manchester United, where he scored his first two goals for the team in their 3–0 win away to Aalborg in the Champions League group stage on 30 September 2008, less than a month after he joined the team. Georgi Asparuhov, nicknamed Gundi (1943–1971), also became extremely popular at home and abroad, having had offers", "title": "Sport in Bulgaria" }, { "docid": "56842181", "text": "Kenya has competed at every edition of the IAAF World Championships in Athletics since its inception in 1983. It has won the second highest number of gold medals at the championships (after the United States) and also has the second highest medals total (after the U.S.). The vast majority of its medals have come in middle- and long-distance running events, mostly on the men's side. It ranks fourth on all-time placing tables at the competition, reflecting its narrow event focus. The nation typically sends medium-sized delegations of 40–50 athletes. Kenya ranked number one on gold medals at the 2015 World Championships in Athletics and has finished in the top five nations on the medal table at all but five editions. The country's most successful athlete at the competition is Ezekiel Kemboi, who has won four gold medals and three silver medals in the men's 3000 metres steeplechase. Kenya's most successful woman, Faith Kipyegon has won four gold medals and two silver medals in the 1500 metres and 5000 metres. Vivian Cheruiyot, has also won four gold medals and also a silver in the 5000 metres and 10,000 metres events. Men's steeplechaser Moses Kiptanui won three straight titles from 1991 to 1995 and Asbel Kiprop achieved the same feat in the 1500 metres from 2011 to 2015. Julius Yego is the country's only field event medallist, having won the men's javelin throw in 2015. Former Kenyans have also had impacts for other nations at the championships, including 2007's double champion Bernard Lagat (United States), two-time steeplechase champion Saif Saaeed Shaheen (Qatar) and marathon winner Rose Chelimo (Bahrain). Medal table Medalists Doping Compared to other successful nations, such as the United States and Russia, Kenya's athletes have been largely unaffected by doping failures at the competition. The nation's first failures at the championships occurred in 2015, neither of whom were finalists. References IAAF Statistics Book – IAAF World Championships London 2017 Kenya at the 2017 World Championships in Athletics Kenya World Championships in Athletics", "title": "Kenya at the World Athletics Championships" }, { "docid": "56850736", "text": "Russia competed at every edition of the IAAF World Championships in Athletics 1993 to the 2017 World Championships, from which its athletes have been banned from competing as Russian. In order for Russian nationals to compete at the World Athletics Championship (from 2017 on), they must be approved as authorised neutral athletes by the IAAF. Prior to 1993, Russian athletes competed for the Soviet Union. Russia has the second-highest medal total among nations at the competition (153), after the United States. At 47 gold medals, it holds the third-highest total after the United States and Kenya. It has had the most success in women's events and in field events. As a major nation in the sport of athletics, it typically sent a delegation numbering over 100 athletes. It topped the medal table at the 2001 tournament, overtaking the United States following the redistribution of medals due to doping cases. Russia also initially finished top of the medal table at the 2013 Moscow Championships, but lost this position due to doping disqualifications of its athletes. Russia's performance at the competition has been strongly affected by doping. Furthermore, the country's doping problems are distinct because in Russia doping is supplied to the athletes by the government. The country was banned from competing in 2017 due to the state-sponsored doping and Russians had to gain special dispensation to compete as Authorised Neutral Athletes. Various members of the Russian delegation have been banned for doping at every edition of the competition it has competed at, with the exceptions of 2003 and 2015 (though Russian medalists in both those years were subsequently banned). Russia's most successful athlete at the competition is horizontal jumps specialist Tatyana Lebedeva, who between 2001 and 2009 won two triple jump gold medals, a long jump title, and two further silver medals. Women's pole vaulter Yelena Isinbayeva has also won three gold medals, in addition to a bronze. Yuliya Pechonkina, a 400 metres hurdles and relay athlete, has won the most medals for Russia, with her total of seven. The most successful Russian man at the World Championships is high jumper Yaroslav Rybakov, who won three high jump silvers before becoming champion in 2009. Medal table Medalists Doping References IAAF Statistics Book – IAAF World Championships London 2017 Kenya at the 2017 World Championships in Athletics Russia World Championships in Athletics", "title": "Russia at the World Athletics Championships" }, { "docid": "64561440", "text": "This is a list of world champions in women's water polo since the inaugural official edition in 1986. Abbreviations History The 1986 Women's World Water Polo Championship was the first edition of the women's water polo tournament at the World Aquatics Championships, organized by the world governing body in aquatics, the FINA. As of 2024, women's water polo teams from seven countries won all 17 tournaments. United States is current world champion and the most successful country in women's water polo tournament at the World Aquatics Championships, with eight gold medals. Hungary, Italy and Netherlands have won two World titles each in women's water polo tournament. Legend – Debut – Champion – Winning streak (winning three or more world championships in a row) – Hosts Team statistics Results Olympic and world champions (teams) Player statistics Age records The following tables show the oldest and youngest female world champions in water polo. Legend – Host team Multiple gold medalists The following tables are pre-sorted by date of receiving the last gold medal (in ascending order), date of receiving the first gold medal (in ascending order), name of the player (in ascending order), respectively. There are three female athletes who won five gold medals in water polo at the World Aquatics Championships. Legend * – Host team There are three female athletes who won four gold medals in water polo at the World Aquatics Championships. Legend * – Host team There are eight female athletes who won three gold medals in water polo at the World Aquatics Championships. Legend * – Host team There are twenty six female athletes who won two gold medals in water polo at the World Aquatics Championships. Legend * – Host team Olympic and world champions (players) World champion families The following tables are pre-sorted by date of receiving the gold medal (in ascending order), name of the player (in ascending order), respectively. Legend * – Host team Coach statistics Most successful coaches The following table is pre-sorted by number of gold medals (in descending order), date of winning the last gold medal (in ascending order), name of the coach (in ascending order), respectively. There are three coaches who led women's national water polo teams to win two or more gold medals at the World Aquatics Championships. American Adam Krikorian led the United States women's national team to win six gold medals at the World Aquatics Championships. His compatriot Guy Baker guided the United States women's national team to two gold medals in 2003 and 2007. Italian Pierluigi Formiconi coached the Italy women's national team to two consecutive gold medals at the World Aquatics Championships in 1998 and 2001. Legend * – Host team Champions as coach and player The following table is pre-sorted by number of gold medals (in descending order), date of winning the last gold medal (in ascending order), name of the person (in ascending order), respectively. Only one water polo player won a gold medal at the World Aquatics Championships and then guided", "title": "List of world champions in women's water polo" }, { "docid": "27989233", "text": "Germany (GER) participated in the inaugural Paralympic Games in 1960 in Rome, where it sent a delegation of nine athletes. The country, since 1949 officially the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), was until 1990 also called West Germany while the separate East German Democratic Republic (GDR) existed, which was recognized by the IOC only after 1964. East German athletes, however, participated in the Paralympics for the first and last time in 1984. Following the reunification of Germany in 1990, athletes from all of Germany compete simply as Germany (GER) again. Germany has participated in every edition of the Summer Paralympics, and has also taken part in every edition of the Winter Paralympics, from the first in 1976. Germany was the host country of the 1972 Summer Paralympics, in Heidelberg. East Germany, West Germany and Germany have won a total of 1915 Paralympic medals, of which 658 gold, 649 silver and 609 bronze. This is more than any country other than the United States and Great Britain. The International Paralympic Committee, however, maintains separate records for \"West Germany\" (1960–88) and \"Germany\" (1992–present), due to their separate IPC codes, giving West Germany a total of 938 medals (354 golds), and Germany a total of 973 (304 golds). This places the \"two countries\" seventh and eighth, respectively, on the all-time Paralympic Games medal table - behind the United States, Great Britain, China, Canada, Australia, and France. Germany has consistently been one of the world's strongest nations at the Paralympics. Prior to 2008, at the Summer Games, it had always been among the top ten on the medal tables, and was within the top three on six occasions. In 2008,they finished in the 11th place. At the Winter Games, Germany has always been among the top three, except in 1980 (7th), 1984 (4th) and 2018 (5th). It topped the medal table at the 1972 Summer Paralympics (which it hosted), and the 1976, 2002 and 2010 Winter Games. Among Germany's most successful Paralympians are Reinhild Möller, winner of 19 medals (of which 16 gold) in alpine skiing, and 4 medals (of which 3 are gold) in athletics Claudia Hengst: 25 medals (of which 13 gold) in swimming Gerd Schönfelder: 17 medals (of which 12 gold) in alpine skiing Frank Höfle: 17 medals (of which 10 gold) in cross-country skiing. Medal tallies These tallies include the results for both \"Germany\" and \"West Germany\". They do not include the four medals of East Germany at the Paralympics. Summer Paralympics Winter Paralympics Records These records include West Germany at the Paralympics. Summer Paralympics Active athletes are in bold. Multi medalists German athletes who have won more than three golds or more than five medals. Multi medalists at single Games German athletes who have won more than two golds at a single Games. Categorised by medals earned, sports then year. Multi medals at single event German athletes who have won more than two golds at a single event in the Summer Paralympics. Categorised by medals earned, sports then gold", "title": "Germany at the Paralympics" }, { "docid": "41877209", "text": "The 800 metres at the Summer Olympics has been contested since the first edition of the multi-sport event. The men's 800 m has been present on the Olympic athletics programme since 1896. The women's event was first held in 1928, making it the first distance running event for women. However it was not held again until 1960, since when it has been a permanent fixture. It is the most prestigious 800 m race at elite level. The competition format typically has three rounds: a qualifying round, semi-final stage, and a final between eight runners. The Olympic records are held by David Rudisha, who ran a world record of 1:40.91 minutes in 2012, and Nadiya Olizarenko, who ran a former world record of 1:53.43 minutes in 1980. Olizarenko's mark is the joint longest-standing women's Olympic record (technically set three days after Ilona Slupianek's shot put record) and the joint second-longest after the men's long jump record by Bob Beamon. Her time remains the second fastest ever for the event. The 800 metres world record has been broken or equalled ten times at the Olympics; the men's record was broken in 1912, 1932, 1968, 1976 and 2012; the women's record was improved in 1928, 1960, 1964, 1976 and 1980. Four men have won consecutive 800 m Olympic titles: Douglas Lowe (1924/1928), Mal Whitfield (1948/1952), Peter Snell (1960/1964), and Rudisha (2012/2016). Only Caster Semenya (2012/2016) has won the women's title twice, but Maria Mutola, Kelly Holmes and Pamela Jelimo have won gold and reached the podium twice. No athlete of either sex has won more than two medals. Historically, athletes in this event have also been successful at the 1500 metres at the Olympics. Holmes was the last athlete to win both events at the same Olympics in 2004. 2012 1500m gold medalist Taoufik Makhloufi made both podiums without winning gold in 2016. Alberto Juantorena in 1976 also won the 400 metres gold medal in the same Olympics, only three other men and one woman have been able to get a medal in both events. The United States is the most successful nation, having won nine gold medals & a total of 24 medals followed by Great Britain with eight gold & 12 medals overall and Kenya with six gold among its 15 medals. Medal summary Men Multiple medalists Medals by country Women Multiple medalists Medalists by country The German total includes teams both competing as Germany and the United Team of Germany, but not East or West Germany. Intercalated Games The 1906 Intercalated Games were held in Athens and at the time were officially recognised as part of the Olympic Games series, with the intention being to hold a games in Greece in two-year intervals between the internationally held Olympics. However, this plan never came to fruition and the International Olympic Committee (IOC) later decided not to recognise these games as part of the official Olympic series. Some sports historians continue to treat the results of these games as part of the", "title": "800 metres at the Olympics" }, { "docid": "46425767", "text": "The 2022 World Athletics Championships was the eighteenth edition of the World Athletics Championships. It was held at Hayward Field in Eugene, Oregon, United States, from July 15–24, 2022, with the country hosting that competition for the first time. The competition was originally scheduled for August 6–15, 2021, but it was postponed by one year due to the COVID-19 pandemic resulted a postponement and subsequent rescheduling of the 2020 Summer Olympics. After the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, World Athletics banned all Russian and Belarusian athletes and officials from participating at the championships. In addition, the stringent vaccination requirements for people entering the United States caused visa delays for participants and officials, with some ultimately being unable to enter the country. These issues caused the final total to stand at 179 nations (180 including the Athlete Refugee Team), the lowest number since Tokyo 1991. A record 29 countries won at least one gold medal during the championships. Peru, Kazakhstan, and Nigeria won their first-ever gold medals. India and Burkina Faso had their best medal performances, winning a silver, and the Philippines won a bronze. A new award was the team event trophy, which was won by the United States, which also won the most gold medals, with 13, and the most medals overall, with 33 (a record for a single edition). The event was the most-watched edition ever in US television history. More than 146,000 tickets were sold, with several evening sessions sold out. There were four athletes who won two gold medals: Kimberly García in the Women's 20km Race Walk and the Women's 35km Race Walk; Michael Norman in the Men's 400m and the Men's 4x400m Relay; Sydney McLaughlin in the Women's 400m Hurdles and the Women's 4x400m Relay; and Abby Steiner in the Women's 4x100m Relay and Women's 4x400m Relay. In addition to the athletes who won two gold medals, Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce and Shericka Jackson both of Jamaica, earned 3 medals, 1 gold and 2 silvers in the Women's 100m (Fraser-Pryce gold; Jackson silver), the Women's 200 metres (Jackson gold; Fraser-Pryce silver) and the Women's 4x100m Relay (silver for both). Three world records and 13 championship records were broken. The world records were set by Sydney McLaughlin, who ran 50.68 seconds in the Women's 400m Hurdles final; Tobi Amusan, who won the Women's 100m Hurdles semi-final in 12.12 seconds; and Armand Duplantis, who reached 6.21 meters in the Men's Pole Vault final. Host selection and venue The selection of the host city was announced on April 16, 2015 in Beijing, China. Eugene was selected without a traditional bidding process, though Eugene did put in a bid for the 2019 World Championships, losing out to Doha. Runner's World magazine reported that Eugene's selection by World Athletics, then known as the International Association of Athletics Federations, was an \"unusual move\". They report the Association \"bypassed the usual bidding process,\" and that the choice of Eugene would make the 2022 event \"the first held in the United States.\" The event was", "title": "2022 World Athletics Championships" }, { "docid": "41884343", "text": "The sprint hurdles at the Summer Olympics have been contested over a variety of distances at the multi-sport event. The men's 110 metres hurdles has been present on the Olympic athletics programme since the first edition in 1896. A men's 200 metres hurdles was also briefly held, from 1900 to 1904. The first women's sprint hurdling event was added to the programme at the 1932 Olympics in the form of the 80 metres hurdles. At the 1972 Games the women's distance was extended to the 100 metres hurdles, which is the current international standard. The Olympic records are 12.91 seconds for the men's 110 m hurdles, set by Liu Xiang in 2004, and 12.20 seconds for the women's 100 m hurdles, set by Kendra Harrison in 2016. The fastest time recorded at the Olympics for the men's 200 m hurdles was 24.6 seconds by 1904 winner Harry Hillman. Maureen Caird won the last women's Olympic 80 m hurdles race in 1968 with a record of 10.39 seconds. The men's 110 m hurdles world record has been broken at the Olympics on six occasions: 1908, 1928, 1932, 1936, 1972 and 2004. The women's 100 m hurdles world record has been broken only once, by Annelie Ehrhardt at the inaugural 1972 Olympic final. In contrast the 80 m hurdles world record was set at the Olympics in 1932 (four times), 1936, and 1952 (twice). Only three athletes have won two Olympic sprint hurdles gold medals: on the men's side, Lee Calhoun, and Roger Kingdom, and on the women's side Shirley Strickland. Strickland is also the only athlete to win three such Olympic medals, having won a bronze medal before her victories. Alvin Kraenzlein is the only athlete to have won two hurdles medals at the same Olympics, having taken the 110 m and 200 m titles. Historically, hurdlers also competed in other individual sprinting events (Harrison Dillard and Fanny Blankers-Koen were also 100 metres Olympic champions), but this became rare after the 1950s. The United States has been the most successful nation in the men's event with 19 gold medals and 56 medals in total. Though less dominant in the women's events, the U.S. also has the most women's gold medals, with five. Medal summary Men's 110 metres hurdles Multiple medalists Medals by country Women's 80 metres hurdles Multiple medalists Medalists by country The German total includes teams both competing as Germany and the United Team of Germany, but not East or West Germany. Women's 100 metres hurdles Multiple medalists Medalists by country 200 metres hurdles For a brief period, a men's Olympic 200 metres low hurdles race was held. It was a relatively common event in the early 1900s. With only two appearances in 1900 and 1904, the event's removal as an Olympic event marked the beginning of a steady decline of its popularity over the course of the 20th century and it is now a rarity. The 1900 event was won by Alvin Kraenzlein, who won four gold medals that", "title": "Sprint hurdles at the Olympics" }, { "docid": "38624707", "text": "Jessica Diggins (born August 26, 1991) is an American cross-country skier. She is the most accomplished cross-country skier from the United States in the sport's history having won two World Cup overall titles, three Olympic medals, six World Championship medals, and numerous other event championships. Diggins has used her status as a famous athlete to advance advocacy related to climate change and eating disorders. Diggins and teammate Kikkan Randall won the United States' first-ever cross-country skiing gold medals with a team sprint victory at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang At the 2022 Winter Olympics, Diggins won the silver medal in the 30 kilometer freestyle and the bronze medal in the individual sprint, making her the most decorated American cross-country skier of all time. Diggins has also won six medals, including two golds, at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships, from 2013 to 2023. She was the first American to win an individual event gold medal by winning the 10 km freestyle in 2023. Diggins has competed in the FIS Cross-Country World Cup since 2011. In 2021, Diggins won the women's overall title for the 2020–21 FIS Cross-Country World Cup, becoming the first American woman to win a season title and the first American to win one since Bill Koch in 1982. She again won the overall title for the 2023–24 FIS Cross-Country World Cup. Early life Jessica \"Jessie\" Diggins was born in Saint Paul, Minnesota, and grew up in Afton, Minnesota. She has one sister, Mackenzie. Diggins began skiing at age 4. She showed prowess for skiing at age 11 when she started competing against older children. Diggins graduated from Stillwater Area High School in 2010. Athletic career High school and juniors Diggins competed for the Stillwater Area High School, cross-country ski team. In 2008, Diggins was the top-ranked girls' individual cross-country skier in the Minnesota high school rankings. She won the Korteloppet races in 2008 and 2009 as part of the American Birkebeiner festival in Wisconsin while she was still in high school. She fell out of the Minnesota high school rankings in 2009 when she competed and won the United States Junior National Sprint title on March 9 of that year. She was added to the United States World Junior Cross-Country Ski Team in 2010. Professional 2011–2019 Diggins earned an academic scholarship to Northern Michigan University but deferred enrollment to race with the Central Cross-Country Elite team for one year. She decided to race professionally rather than attend college. She was named to the United States Ski Team in 2011 and competed at her first World Championships that year. Diggins won a gold medal with Kikkan Randall in the team sprint in the 2013 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Val di Fiemme. At the 2014 U23 World Championships, Diggins won silver in the individual sprint. Diggins was named to the U.S. team for the 2014 Winter Olympics. In her first event, the 15 kilometer skiathlon, she placed 8th (out of 61 competitors) with a time of", "title": "Jessie Diggins" }, { "docid": "41875813", "text": "The 200 metres at the Summer Olympics has been contested since the second edition of the multi-sport event. The men's 200 m has been present on the Olympic athletics programme since 1900 and the women's 200 m has been held continuously since its introduction at the 1948 Games. It is the most prestigious 200 m race at elite level. The competition format typically has three or four qualifying rounds leading to a final race between eight athletes. The Olympic records for the distance are 19.30 seconds for men, set by Usain Bolt in 2008, and 21.34 seconds set by Florence Griffith-Joyner in 1988. The men's world record was set at the Olympics in 1956, 1960 (twice), 1968, 1996 and 2008. The women's world record has similarly been linked to the competition, with records coming at the Olympic Games in 1952 (twice), 1956, 1968, 1972 and 1988 (twice). Griffith-Joyner's 1988 Olympic mark remains the world record for the distance, while Bolt's Olympic record is the third fastest of all-time. Only three athletes have won the title more than once. Bärbel Wöckel of East Germany became the first to defend the title in 1980 and Veronica Campbell-Brown repeated that feat in 2008. Usain Bolt was the first person to win two Olympic 200 m gold medals at the 2012 Summer Olympics, and at the 2016 Summer Olympics he defended his title to win his third Olympic 200 m gold medal. Merlene Ottey is the most decorated athlete, having won four medals in the event (though none of them gold). Allyson Felix has won three medals, as has Poland's Irena Szewińska. Reflecting how sprint athletes often compete over various distances, many of the medalists in the Olympic 200 metres have had success in the Olympic 100 metres and 4×100 metres relay as well. The United States has had the most success in the event, having 23 gold medals and 57 medals in total. American men have completed a medal sweep on six occasions. Jamaica is the next most successful, with five gold among their seventeen medals, and became the second nation to sweep the men's medals in 2012. No nation has swept the women's medals; the United States is the only nation to have won both gold and silver in the same year (in 1984). The 1968 medal podium ceremony for the men's 200 metres witnessed a prominent political protest in the form of a Black Power salute by the African-American medalists Tommie Smith and John Carlos. The third medalist, Peter Norman of Australia, wore a badge for the Olympic Project for Human Rights in solidarity. Medal summary Men A YouTube video showcasing all men's 200 metres' Olympic winners can be found here. Multiple medalists Medals by country Women A YouTube video showcasing all women's 200 metres' Olympic winners can be found here. Multiple medalists Medalists by country Olympic record progression Men Women Finishing times Top ten fastest Olympic times Non-canonical Olympic events In addition to the main 1900 Olympic men's 200 metres,", "title": "200 metres at the Olympics" }, { "docid": "56833614", "text": "The United States has competed at every edition of the World Athletics Championships since its inception in 1983. It has been the most successful nation at the global competition for track and field. By the end of the 2023 World Championships, its athletes had won a total of 443 medals, 195 of them gold – more than double that of the next most successful nation Kenya, as well as more than the combined total of the Soviet Union and post-Soviet states. It has been the top nation in the championships medal table at every edition bar 1983 and 1987 (East Germany), 2001 (Russia) and 2015 (Kenya). It also ranks number one on points in the national placing tables. As one of the foremost nations in the sport internationally, its delegations for the championships are among the largest. It also won the first title of \"World Team Champions\" inaugurated for the Oregon 2022. The most decorated athlete of the competition's history is American: Allyson Felix has won 20 World Championships medals, eleven of them gold, competing across the individual and relay sprint events. Among men, the United States has three of the four most decorated men (after Usain Bolt), all of them sprinters; LaShawn Merritt has eleven medals, Carl Lewis won ten and Michael Johnson won eight. All three won eight gold medals. Johnson is the nation's most successful athlete individually (and the third most successful overall), having won six gold medals in the 200-meter dash and 400-meter dash. American Gail Devers is the second most successful woman individually, with four golds and two silver medals from the 100-meter dash and 100-meter hurdles. Felix and Amy Acuff have made the most appearances for the United States, each having represented their country at eight separate editions. The United States team was affected by doping during the period from 1997 to 2003, principally in sprinting events. The loss of several gold medals in 2001 resulted in the United States dropping to second in the medal rankings for the first time since 1987. Medal table Multiple medalists Best placings Of the 50 events that have been held over the history of the championships, 30 have been won by American athletes (17 men's events and 13 women's events). A further 4 men's and 5 women's events have featured an American medallist at some point. Americans have topped the podium in all sprint and hurdles events, as well as all the men's jumps. By far the weakest events of the United States are men's and women's racewalking and women's throws – only four bronze medals have been won by American athletes in these disciplines, among a total of over 350 medals across events. Americans have featured in the final at some point of every discipline contested at the championships. This table shows the best place finish by an American athlete by event. Where the best position has been achieved multiple times, the first instance is shown. Doping References IAAF Statistics Book – IAAF World Championships London", "title": "United States at the World Athletics Championships" }, { "docid": "67691119", "text": "Mehdi Bashiri (; born April 14, 1992 in Urmia) is an Iranian scientist, inventor, academic, and writer. Early life Mehdi was born in Urmia,Iran in 1992. He came to Istanbul for education in 2014. He began his education in dentistry at Istanbul Aydin University. He was the founder of the Istanbul Aydın University Innovation Club and served as the president. He made his first invention the same year and patented it. Taking education from different universities and institutions in the field of bioengineering has given first inventing and innovation gifted children and gifted education in Turkey in this process over a thousand children who participated in this training. In 2015, he was awarded the \"Best Researcher Award\" by the International Congress on Economic Cooperation Development on Health Focused on Islamic Countries. Bashiri won a gold medal at the 45th International Invention Fair in Geneva, Switzerland. He also received the special prize given by Russia in the same competition. In the INPEX 2017 invention fair held in Pittsburgh, U.S., he was awarded two separate medals of honor. To date, he has won over a hundred medals and awards in fifty-seven countries in the most prestigious competitions in the United States and Europe, 2017, he received the Inventor of the Year Award from the World Innovation Organization. In 2020, he wrote the book One Step to Glory, in which he tells about his life. Awards and achievements IFIA, winner of the best invention gold medal of the year by the Inventors' Organization Gold medal in healthcare from the Geneva Invention Contest in Switzerland Two medals of honor at the US INPEX competition Invention Cup and Gold and Silver Medal of the Year Zagreb Meet up Competition in Croatia Honorary Gold Medal of the Indonesian Inventions Organization (INNOPA) Two gold medals and one silver medal in healthcare from the South Korea Seoul Patent Competition Special gold medal of the Invention Organization of Russia Honor Award of the Romanian Inventions Organization Silver medal at ISIFA dating competitions in Istanbul Honorary gold medal at the Warsaw Polish Inventions Competition Bronze medal of the South Korean Inventions Youth Olympiad Silver medal of the Kuwait Grand Prize Silver medal of the Silicon Valley US Patent Competition China Inventors Organization Honorary Gold Medal Best researcher award in the field of health in Islamic countries Innovations and inventions Smart toothbrush for the disabled Adjustable radiology bed without weight restriction Needlestick Prevention Box Fully automatic toothbrush Smart OPG Book In 2020, he wrote the book One Step to Glory in which he talks about his life. References External links 1992 births Iranian dentists 21st-century Iranian inventors People from Urmia Istanbul Kültür University alumni Living people", "title": "Mehdi Bashiri" }, { "docid": "6440015", "text": "The FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2009 () took place 18 February – 1 March 2009 in Liberec, Czech Republic. This was the fourth time these championships were hosted either in the Czech Republic or in Czechoslovakia, having done so at Janské Lázně (1925) and Vysoké Tatry (in both 1935 and 1970). The biggest sports event in the country's history, it hosted 589 athletes from 61 countries. Women's ski jumping and Men's Nordic combined 10 km mass start events debuted at these championships, both won by Americans Lindsey Van and Todd Lodwick, respectively. Norway won the most medals with twelve and most golds with five, all in the men's cross-country skiing events, including three from Petter Northug. Germany finished second in the total medal count with nine though none of them were gold (eight silver and one bronze). Finland finished third in the medal count with eight with three golds, all from Aino-Kaisa Saarinen in women's cross-country skiing. Fourth in total medal count, but second in gold medal count was the United States with six, including four golds, who prior to these championships, had won only three medals in all of the previous championships combined, including four medals in Nordic combined (Lodwick: two golds, Bill Demong: one gold and one bronze). Kikkan Randall became the first American woman to medal in cross country skiing at the world championships with her silver in the individual sprint. Besides the debut of women's ski jumping at these championships, the big winner in the jumping events was Austria with three medals and two each for Wolfgang Loitzl and Gregor Schlierenzauer. Adding the 10 km mass start, the Nordic combined format was changed from 7.5 km sprint and 15 km individual Gundersen to 10 km individual large hill (aka Large hill Gundersen) and 10 km individual normal hill (aka Normal hill Gundersen), respectively. Estonia's Andrus Veerpalu became the oldest gold medalist at 38 when he won gold in the men's 15 km event. Despite concern over the lack of snowfall that plagued event preparation prior to the championships, the championships themselves had an abundance of snowfall and wind that caused the ski jumping part of the Nordic combined mass start to be postponed for a day and the ski jumping individual large hill competition to be limited to one jump. Attendance was between 180,000 and 200,000, twice the number at the previous championships in Sapporo, but 35 to 40 percent lower than the 2005 championships in Oberstdorf. FIS President Gian Franco Kasper commented at the closing ceremonies of the 15 nations earning medals at these championships, along with the successes of the television coverage by Czech TV and the success of the women's ski jumping at these championships would pave the way for inclusion into the 2014 Winter Olympics. A broadcast report from the European Broadcasting Union released on 4 June 2009 had total viewership of 666 million global viewers, higher than that of the 2005 championships and the 2001 championships. Competition format changes The", "title": "FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2009" }, { "docid": "19000106", "text": "Marianne Steinbrecher (born August 23, 1983) is a Brazilian volleyball player, who plays as a wing spiker at Molico/Osasco. She represented her native country at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China, in which she helped her country win the gold medal. Life and career Born in São Paulo, Steinbrecher, who is of Russian and German descent, started playing volleyball when she was 14 years old. After playing for Rolândia/Faccar and Grêmio Londrinense, she professionalized while playing for Osasco. Playing for Osasco, she won the Salonpas Cup in 2001, in 2002 and in 2005, the Campeonato Paulista in 2003, and the Superliga in 2003–04. In 2006, she left Osasco and joined Italian club Scavolini Pesaro. In 2008, she returned to Brazil to play for São Caetano/Blausiegel in the Copa Brasil. In 2010, she signed a contract with the Brazilian club Unilever Volley. She played with Fenerbahçe in the 2012 FIVB Club World Championship held in Doha, Qatar and helped her team to win the bronze medal after defeating Puerto Rico's Lancheras de Cataño 3–0. National team Playing for the national team, she won the FIVB World Grand Prix in 2004, in 2006, in 2008 and in 2009. In the 2008 FIVB World Grand Prix, she was awarded the competition's Most Valuable Player (MVP). Steinbrecher participated in the 2004 Summer Olympics, in which her country finished in the fourth place, after being defeated by Cuba in the bronze medal match. In the 2007 Pan American Games, she won the silver medal, after her country was defeated by Cuba in the final. In 2008, on her birthday, in Beijing, Steinbrecher won her first gold medal in the Olympic Games, after her country beat the United States 3–1 in the gold medal match. Mari took part of the National Team who won the gold medal at the 2011 Pan American Games held in Guadalajara, Mexico. Personal life Mariane came out when the newspaper Extra reported her and her girlfriend. Awards Individuals 2003–04 Brazilian Superliga – \"Best scorer\" 2003–04 Brazilian Superliga – \"Best spiker\" 2004–05 Brazilian Superliga – \"Best server\" 2006 Pan-American Cup – \"Most valuable player\" 2006 Pan-American Cup – \"Best spiker\" 2008 World Grand Prix – \"Most valuable player\" 2011 South American Championship – \"Best spiker\" 2015 South American Club Championship – \"Best opposite spiker\"'' Clubs 2001–02 Brazilian Superliga – Runner-up, with Vôlei Osasco 2002–03 Brazilian Superliga – Champion, with Vôlei Osasco 2003–04 Brazilian Superliga – Champion, with Vôlei Osasco 2004–05 Brazilian Superliga – Champion, with Vôlei Osasco 2007–08 Italian Serie A1 – Champion, with Scavolini Pesaro 2010–11 Brazilian Superliga – Champion, with Unilever Vôlei 2011–12 Brazilian Superliga – Runner-up, with Unilever Vôlei 2014–15 Brazilian Superliga – Runner-up, with Molico Osasco 2015 South American Club Championship – Champion, with Molico Osasco 2012–13 Women's CEV Cup – Runner-up, with Fenerbahçe 2012 FIVB Club World Championship – Bronze medal, with Fenerbahçe References External links 1983 births Living people Brazilian women's volleyball players Volleyball players at the 2004 Summer Olympics Volleyball players at the 2008", "title": "Marianne Steinbrecher" }, { "docid": "44470086", "text": "At the 1995 Military World Games, the track and field events were held at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome, Italy in September 1995. A total of thirty events were contested, of which 22 by male and 8 by female athletes. Russia easily topped the medal table with ten golds among its total of nineteen medals, including particular success in the women's events where the nation won six of the eight available. The host nation, Italy, was the next most successful with four medals of each colour. It was closely followed by two other nations with twelve medals: Kenya (also four golds) and Ukraine (three golds and six silvers). Twenty countries reached the medal table in the athletics programme. Twelve new CISM records were set, covering athletics events between military athletes. Dino Napier of the United States was the most successful athlete of the tournament, being the only multiple individual medallist with his 200 metres gold medal and 400 metres silver. High-profile athletes at the competition included Paul Tergat (World Cross Country champion that year), Ismael Kirui (who repeated his 5000 m world championships win a month earlier), the 20 km race walk world champion Michele Didoni, pole vault world medallist Jean Galfione and javelin world medallist Boris Henry. Polish racewalker Robert Korzeniowski—silver medallist here—went on to win four Olympic gold medals. Medal summary Men Women Medal table References Results Military World Games. GBR Athletics. Retrieved on 2014-11-17. 1st Military World Games - 1995 Results (archived). CISM. Retrieved on 2014-11-21. 1995 Military World Games 1995 Military World Games Track and field 1995 Military World Games", "title": "Track and field at the 1995 Military World Games" }, { "docid": "31238718", "text": "Switzerland made its Paralympic Games début at the inaugural Paralympic Games in Rome in 1960 (sending just two athletes, who nonetheless won four medals), and has participated in every edition of the Summer Paralympics. It also took part in the inaugural Winter Paralympics in 1976 in Örnsköldsvik, and has competed in every edition of the Winter Games. Swiss athletes have won a total of 380 Paralympic medals, of which 117 gold, 133 silver and 130 bronze, placing the country 17th on the all-time Paralympic Games medal table. The country has won 228 medals at the Summer Games, and 152 at the Winter Games. Switzerland's best result at the Summer Games came in 1984, when its athletes won 43 medals, of which 18 gold. Its worst result in terms of medal haul came in 1964, with just one silver medal, but it had sent a delegation of just one athlete (archer Caroline Troxler-Kung). Its highest ranking was 13th, in 1960; its lowest was 40th, in 2004. The country placed 2nd on the medal chart at the inaugural Winter Games in 1976, its best result, winning 10 gold medals. Swiss athletes also won 10 gold medals in 1998, but their highest medal haul over all came in 1988, when they took 37 medals (of which 5 gold). The country's poorest result was in 2006, when for the first time the Swiss failed to win a gold medal, and finished 13th on the medal chart, with one silver and a bronze. Switzerland's most successful athlete, and one of the most successful Paralympians of all times, is wheelchair athlete Heinz Frei, who since his début in 1984 has won fifteen gold medals, eight silver, and twelve bronze, in track events, road cycling, and cross-country skiing. He has, in particular, won the Paralympic marathon for his disability category on two occasions, in 1984 and in 1992. In addition, wheelchair athlete Franz Nietlispach, over the course of his career from 1976 to 2004, won fourteen gold medals, six silver and one bronze in track events, from sprinting to long-distance running, as well as a bronze medal in road cycling. At the 1984 Games, he managed a virtually clean sweep of the six individual racing events he entered, winning gold in five, but taking \"only\" silver in the 100 metres, where he was beaten by D. Barret (full name not recorded) of the United States. At the 1988 Games, Nietlispach won six gold medals in individual races, including the 5,000 metres (though he was again beaten in the 100 metres). Rolf Heinzmann, for his part, won twelve gold medals and two silver in alpine skiing between 1980 and 2002, including a clean sweep of the downhill, slalom, giant slalom and Super-G in 1998. Medals by Summer Games Winter Paralympics See also Switzerland at the Olympics References", "title": "Switzerland at the Paralympics" }, { "docid": "51403807", "text": "The United States competed at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea, from February 9 to 25, 2018. The United States had its least successful showing at a Winter Olympics since the 1998 Nagano Games, ranking fourth in both the gold and total medal count with 9 and 23 medals, respectively. There were some notable successes for the team. Jessie Diggins and Kikkan Randall won the cross-country skiing women's team sprint event to clinch the United States' first-ever Olympic gold medal in cross-country skiing. Skip John Shuster led his team to the United States' first-ever gold medal in curling, winning the men's curling over Sweden. The United States women's national ice hockey team won the gold in the women's ice hockey tournament for the first time since the inauguration of the sport in 1998 over the four-time defending gold medalist Canada in an overtime penalty shootout. The United States earned medals in at least one event in 11 different sports, the most of any nation. These Games also included the 100th Winter Olympic gold medal for the Americans, won by Shaun White. Medalists The following U.S. competitors won medals at the games. In the by discipline sections below, medalists' names are bolded. Athletes who participated in preliminary rounds but not the final round. Competitors The following is the list of number of competitors participating at the Games per sport or discipline. The United States qualified for 12 positions in curling, but two athletes competed in both the 4-person and mixed doubles tournament. Alpine skiing Jacqueline Wiles was initially named to the team but withdrew after suffering knee and leg injuries in a February 3 World Cup race; the quota spot was filled by Tricia Mangan. Steven Nyman was initially named to the team but withdrew after tearing his right ACL during a training run; the quota spot was filled by Alice Merryweather. Men Women Mixed - Winner decided by total time of fastest male and female skiers Biathlon Based on their Nations Cup rankings in the 2016–17 Biathlon World Cup, the United States qualified a team of 5 men and 5 women. Men Women Mixed Bobsleigh Based on their rankings in the 2017–18 Bobsleigh World Cup, the United States qualified 8 sleds. Men Women * – Denotes the driver of each sled Cross-country skiing Distance Men Women Sprint Men Qualification legend: Q – Qualify on position in heat; q – Qualify on time in round Women Qualification legend: Q – Qualify on position in heat; q – Qualify on time in round Curling Summary Men's tournament Based on results from the 2016 World Men's Curling Championship and the 2017 World Men's Curling Championship, the United States qualified a men's team, consisting of five athletes, as one of the seven highest ranked nations. Roster The United States men's curling team curled out of the Duluth Curling Club in Duluth, Minnesota. They were selected by winning the 2017 United States Olympic Curling Trials. Round-robin The United States has a bye", "title": "United States at the 2018 Winter Olympics" }, { "docid": "26252940", "text": "At the 2001 Summer Universiade, the athletics events were held in Beijing, People's Republic of China between 27 August and 1 September. A total of 45 events were contested, of which 23 by male and 22 by female athletes. The host country, China, took the most gold medals (9) and the most medals overall (16). The United States were a close second with a total of 8 golds. Five Universiade records were broken during the course of the athletics competition. Amongst the gold medallists for the host country were Dong Yanmei, who won golds in the women's 5000 and 10,000 metres races, and 18-year-old Liu Xiang in the 110 metres hurdles. It was Liu's first gold on a world stage and he became the 2004 Olympic champion in world record time three years later. As well as Dong, three other athletes took medals in multiple individual events: Gennadiy Chernovol won silver in both the 100 and 200 metres for Kazakhstan, Swiss athlete Christian Belz won two bronze medals via the 5000 m and steeplechase races, and Brazilian Maurren Maggi took the women's long jump gold and a silver medal in the 100 metres hurdles. Records Medal summary Men Women Medal table References World Student Games (Universiade – Men). GBR Athletics. Retrieved on 2010-02-18. World Student Games (Universiade – Women). GBR Athletics. Retrieved on 2010-02-18. Finals results (archived) External links Official 2001 Universiade website 2001 Universiade 2001 Summer Universiade 2001 Summer Universiade Athletics in Beijing", "title": "Athletics at the 2001 Summer Universiade" } ]	[ { "docid": "38490807", "text": "Canada competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia, from February 7 to 23, 2014. Canadians competed in every discipline except Nordic combined. The 2014 Games marked the first time a Canadian Olympic team competed in Russia, as Canada and 64 western countries did not take part at the 1980 Summer Olympics held in Moscow due to the Soviet–Afghan War. The youngest athlete in Canada's delegation was figure skater Gabrielle Daleman, who turned 16 in January, while curler Jennifer Jones was the oldest athlete at 39. Canada originally finished these Olympics with 10 gold medals and 25 overall (ranking 2nd and 3rd respectively). This is the second most successful Canadian performance ever, exceeded only by the achievements at the home Olympics in Vancouver in 2010. With the belated luge medal awarded in 2017 after a Russian doping disqualification, Canada briefly tied its Vancouver performance in total medal count. However, the IOC decision was overturned on appeal, bumping the Canadian team back to fourth and the total medal count back to 2nd and 3rd. History On Day 1 of the Games, three athletes won the nation's first medals. Canada's first medalist was Mark McMorris, who won a bronze in the slopestyle snowboarding event. Justine Dufour-Lapointe won the first gold medal in freestyle skiing (women's moguls) and her sister, Chloé Dufour-Lapointe, finished in second place in the same event, earning the country's first silver medal. At 19 years 321 days, Justine Dufour-Lapointe became the youngest freestyle skiing Olympic gold medalist. Justine and Chloé, became the third pair of sisters to finish 1–2 in an event at the Winter Games. Their elder sister, Maxime, finished 12th in the same event. It was the fifth time three siblings have competed at the same event at the Winter Games. On February 10, Alexandre Bilodeau became the first freestyle skiing gold medalist to defend his Olympic title, and first repeat gold medalist, winning the men's moguls. He became the first Canadian to defend their Olympic gold since Catriona Le May Doan repeated her gold at the 2002 Salt Lake City Olympics. Le May Doan had been the first Canadian to repeat gold, Bilodeau becoming the second to do so, and the first man. Medalists Competitors Alpine skiing According to the final quota allocation released on January 26, 2014, Canada has fifteen athletes in qualification position. The first three men who have qualified were formally announced on January 8, 2014. and the first three women were formally announced on January 16, 2014. The final nine members of the team were named on January 27, 2013. Men Women Biathlon Canada has officially qualified 5 women and 5 men after finishing 13th in the 2012 and 2013 Biathlon World Championships for both sexes. However, only 8 athletes were to be selected. The team was unveiled on January 2, 2014. Men Women Mixed Bobsleigh The qualification is based on the world rankings as of January 20, 2014. On December 16, 2013, the following athletes were named to the Canadian", "title": "Canada at the 2014 Winter Olympics" }, { "docid": "3623890", "text": "Hungary first participated at the Olympic Games at the inaugural 1896 Games, and has sent athletes to compete in most Summer Olympic Games and every Winter Olympic Games since then. The nation was not invited to the 1920 Games for its role in World War I, and was part of the Soviet-led boycott of the 1984 Summer Olympics. Hungarian athletes have won a total of 511 medals at the Summer Games and 10 medals at the Winter Games, with fencing being the top medal-producing sport. Hungary has won more Summer Olympic medals than any other existing nation never to have hosted the Games, and after overtaking Finland at the 2020 Olympic Games, it is now the country with the highest number of gold medals won per capita (not counting microstates with less than 1 million inhabitants). At the 1956 and 1980 Winter Olympics, all participating Hungarian athletes won medals. The National Olympic Committee for Hungary is the Hungarian Olympic Committee, and was created and recognized in 1895. Medal tables Medals by Olympic Games Medals by Summer Games Medals by Winter Games Medals by sport Medals by summer sport Updated after 2020 Summer Olympics Medals by winter sport Updated after 2022 Winter Olympics Youth Games medal tables Medals by Summer Youth Games Medals by Winter Youth Games Medals by sport Medals by summer sport Updated after 2018 Summer Youth Olympics Medals by winter sport Updated after 2024 Winter Youth Olympics Athletes with most medals The Hungarian athletes who won the most medals in the history of the Olympic Games are the fencer Aladár Gerevich and the gymnast Ágnes Keleti. Notes: athletes in bold are still active. Athletes with most appearances Notes: athletes in bold are still active. Flagbearers Summary by sport Summer Olympic Sports Updated after 2020 Summer Olympics Athletics Hungary first competed in athletics at the inaugural 1896 Games, with 3 athletes competing in 5 events and winning a silver and two bronze medals. The nation's first gold medal in the sport came in 1900, with Rudolf Bauer's victory in the discus throw. Basketball Hungary men's national basketball team Hungary women's national basketball team Boxing Canoeing Fencing Hungary has won the third-most gold medals and second-most total medals in fencing, in each case behind Italy and France. Hungary has historically been most successful in the sabre events. Hungary's first fencing appearance was in 1900, with 7 fencers including sabreurs who finished 4th and 5th. Hungary has dominated the men's individual sabre, winning half of the gold medals (14 of 28), including a string of 9 consecutive victories from 1924 to 1964 (with an 11-Games podium streak extending further to 1972). Hungary had also won in 1908 and 1912; the streaks might have been 12 and 15 if the nation had not been excluded from the Games in 1920 due to its role in World War I. Gymnastics Hungary sent two gymnasts to the first Games in 1896; they did not medal. Handball Hungary men's national handball team Hungary women's national", "title": "Hungary at the Olympics" }, { "docid": "25389706", "text": "Johannes Rydzek (; born 9 December 1991) is a German nordic combined skier who has competed since 2006. Career He won a bronze medal in the 4 x 5 km team event at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver. He won five World Cup races. His first win came in March 2011, in Lahti, Finland. Also, in 2011, at the World Championships, he finished second in the large hill Gundersen at Holmenkollen. The latest win, in Ruka, Finland, in 2014. Johannes Rydzek, jumping for the first time shortly before his fifth birthday, discovered his passion for Nordic sports at a young age. \"I always went cross-country skiing with my parents. My dad was also a volunteer at the Four Hills Tournament, and that was also a reason why I always wanted to jump\", the \"Junior-Athlete of the Year 2011\" remembers. As a child, he first started ski jumping and cross-country skiing separately from each other. Johannes, who made his World Cup debut in Kuusamo in 2008, is fascinated by the combination of speed and endurance that Nordic Combined has to offer. At a young age, he can look back on some successes in his career, winning three silver medals at World Championships and a bronze and silver medal at Olympic Games. The resident of Oberstdorf, Germany, has another great achievement in his list of merits concerning the Summer Grand Prix. In the past four years, he has always been able to win at least one competition in front of his home crowd, crowning his success with the win of the overall SGP ranking in 2011. With four total World Cup victories, three in the past winter season of 2013/14, the young German has upped the ante and was hot on the heels of teammate Eric Frenzel, taking second place in the overall World Cup ranking. 2015 became the most successful in his career: Johannes Rydzek won 4 medals at World Championships in Falun. The result of 2 gold, 1 silver, and 1 bronze medal made him the most successful athlete at the Championships 2015. The last break-through of Johannes Rydzek in 2015 became his nomination for the main sports award in Germany: \"Sportspersonality of the Year\" (German: Sportler des Jahres) 2015, where he was announced as a winner together with the nordic combined team (nomination: Team of Year) and ranked as 3rd in personal voting by German broadcaster ZDF. In October 2016 Johannes Rydzek wins his 6th title of German Champion in the town of Oberhof. At the 2018 Winter Olympics, Rydzek won a gold medal in the Individual Gundersen LH/10 km Cross-Country, finishing before his teammates Fabian Rießle and Eric Frenzel. This also marked the first time since 1976 that three German athletes managed to secure medals in the same Nordic combined event at Olympic Games. Rydzek managed to secure another gold medal in the Men's Team competition alongside Rießle, Frenzel and Vinzenz Geiger on 22 February. He was awarded the Holmenkollen Medal in 2021. Personal life Rydzek is", "title": "Johannes Rydzek" }, { "docid": "28834816", "text": "Norway has participated in every edition of both the Summer and Winter Paralympics, except the second Summer Games in 1964. It was one of the seventeen countries to take part in the inaugural Paralympic Games in 1960 in Rome, where it sent a delegation of eleven athletes. Norway was the host country of both the 1980 Winter Paralympics, in Geilo, and the 1994 Winter Paralympics, in Lillehammer. Norwegian athletes have won a total of 584 Paralympic medals, of which 234 were gold, 194 silver and 156 bronze. 315 of these (including 134 of the gold) have been won at the Winter Games. As of 2010, Norway is the most successful country of all time at the Winter Paralympics, and ranks twelfth on the all-time Paralympic Games medal table (for Summer and Winter Games combined). Norway has topped the medal chart on four occasions at the Winter Games: in 1980, 1988, 1994 and 1998. It finished in the top ten in every edition of the Winter Games until 2002, included, then dropped to 12th in 2006 and 2010. Norway boasts some of the world’s most successful Winter Paralympians of all time: Ragnhild Myklebust has won medals in every event she has ever participated in, in cross-country skiing, ice sledge speed racing and biathlon. Between 1988 and 2002, she won 27 medals, of which 22 were gold, 3 silver, and 2 bronze. Cato Zahl Pedersen has represented Norway at both the Summer and Winter Paralympics. He competed in both in 1980, making a perfect Paralympic début by entering four events in athletics, three in alpine skiing, one in cross-country skiing, and winning gold in all seven. Between 1980 and 1994, he won 14 medals in these sports, of which 13 were gold and 1 silver. Erling Trondsen competed in swimming from 1976 to 1992. He swam in 22 events, and won medals in 20 of them: 13 gold, 6 silver, and 1 bronze. Terje Loevaas took part in 13 events in cross-country skiing between 1980 and 1994, and won medals in all of them: 10 gold and 3 silver. During the same period, he also won 5 medals in athletics: 2 silver and 3 bronze. Medals Summer Paralympics Winter Paralympics See also Norway at the Olympics References", "title": "Norway at the Paralympics" }, { "docid": "61158823", "text": "Sweden competed at the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing, China, from 4 to 20 February 2022. Oliwer Magnusson and Emma Nordin were the country's flagbearers during the opening ceremony. Meanwhile biathlete Elvira Öberg was the flagbearer during the closing ceremony. With eight gold medals and 18 medals in total, this was Sweden's most successful Winter Olympics of all time in terms of both gold and total number of medals, beating the previous records set in 2018 and 2014, respectively. It marked the first time Sweden won medals in six different sports at the Winter Games, and they managed to win gold medals in these sports. Additionally, the country won its first (and second) gold medal in freestyle skiing, first gold medals in speed skating since 1988, and became the first country to win medals in all three events in curling at the same Winter Olympics. Medalists The following Swedish competitors won medals at the games. In the discipline sections below, the medalists' names are bolded. Competitors The following is the list of number of competitors participating at the Games per sport/discipline. Oskar Eriksson was selected in both the men's and mixed team events in curling. Alpine skiing SOC selected Hanna Aronsson Elfman, Elsa Fermbäck, Kristoffer Jakobsen, Sara Hector, Hilma Lövblom, Mattias Rönngren, Anna Swenn-Larsson and Charlotta Säfvenberg Men Women Mixed Biathlon Sweden qualified five men and six women in biathlon. SOC used all quotas and selected the nine athletes listed below as well as Stina Nilsson and Malte Stefansson who did not start in any events. Men Women Mixed Cross-country skiing Sweden qualified 16 athletes (8 men and 8 women) and four teams in cross-country skiing. The following athletes were selected by the SOC: Distance Men Women Sprint Men Women Johanna Hagström was reserve at home for women's sprint. Linn Svahn was originally selected as well but was deselected due to injury. Curling Summary Men's tournament Sweden has qualified their men's team (five athletes), by finishing in the top six teams in the 2021 World Men's Curling Championship. On 4 June 2021, the Swedish Olympic Committee announced that Team Niklas Edin would be their men's team representatives. Round robin Sweden had a bye in draws 4, 7 and 11. Draw 1 Wednesday, 9 February, 20:05 Draw 2 Thursday, 10 February, 14:05 Draw 3 Friday, 11 February, 9:05 Draw 5 Saturday, 12 February, 14:05 Draw 6 Sunday, 13 February, 9:05 Draw 8 Monday, 14 February, 14:05 Draw 9 Tuesday, 15 February, 9:05 Draw 10 Tuesday, 15 February, 20:05 Draw 12 Thursday, 17 February, 9:05 Semifinal Thursday, 17 February, 20:05 Final Saturday, 19 February, 14:05 Women's tournament Sweden has qualified their women's team (five athletes), by finishing in the top six teams in the 2021 World Women's Curling Championship. On 4 June 2021, the Swedish Olympic Committee announced that Team Anna Hasselborg would be their women's team representatives. Round robin Sweden had a bye in draws 3, 7 and 10. Draw 1 Thursday, 10 February, 9:05 Draw 2 Thursday, 10 February, 20:05", "title": "Sweden at the 2022 Winter Olympics" }, { "docid": "26400687", "text": "Canada has participated eleven times in the Summer Paralympic Games and in all Winter Paralympic Games. They first competed at the Summer Games in 1968 and the Winter Games in 1976. Milestones At the 2000 Summer Paralympics, Stephanie Dixon set the Canadian record for most gold medals at a single Paralympics, Winter or Summer, with five. At the 2002 Winter Paralympics, Canada set a new total Canadian gold medal record haul at a Winter Paralympics, with six. At the 2004 Summer Paralympics, Chantal Petitclerc & Benoit Huot tied the five gold medal record at a single Games. Petitclerc also won the demonstration sport of Wheelchair Racing in the 2004 Summer Olympics. At the 2008 Summer Paralympics, Chantal Petitclerc again tied the five gold medal record at a single Games. In 2010, Brian McKeever of Canada became the first athlete in the world to be named to the Winter Paralympics and Winter Olympics teams in the same year. At the 2010 Winter Olympics, he was scheduled to compete in the men's 50 km cross-country race. At the 2010 Winter Paralympics, Viviane Forest became the first para-athlete to win a gold in both the Winter and Summer Games, by winning the Women's Downhill for Visually Impaired. She had previously won gold in the 2000 and 2004 Summer Paralympics for women's goalball. Lauren Woolstencroft became the first Canadian to win three gold medals at the same Winter Paralympics, at the 2010 edition; this was eventually upped to five golds. With her fourth gold medal, she helped Canada set a record for most gold medals at any Winter Paralympic Games by winning the seventh medal. The previous mark was six, set at the 2002 Salt Lake City Paralympics. With her fifth gold medal, she set the record for most gold medals won by any Winter Paralympian at a single Games, and she tied the record for gold medal haul of any Canadian Paralympian at a single Games, tying Chantal Petitclerc (who did the feat twice), Dixon, and Benoit Huot both Summer Paralympians. Her five gold medals are also the record for any Canadian Winter Paralympian or Olympian. At the 2010 Games, Canada collected the most total medals and the most gold medals of any Winter Paralympics, up through 2010 for Canada, with 19 total medals, and 10 golds. At the 2018 Winter Paralympics, cross country skier McKeever became Canada's most decorated Winter Paralympian when he won a 14th medal in five Games from 2002 to 2018, passing the late Lana Spreeman, who won 13 medals in para-alpine skiing between 1980 and 1994. Hosting the Games Canada has hosted the Games twice. In 1976, and in 2010, Canada also hosted the Olympic Games counterpart, the 1976 Summer Olympics and the 2010 Winter Olympics respectively. Canada did not host the Paralympic Games counterpart to the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary, Alberta; this was the last Winter Olympics that the host city did not also host the Winter Paralympics. The 1988 Summer Paralympics was the first Paralympics", "title": "Canada at the Paralympics" }, { "docid": "27658985", "text": "Absent at the inaugural Paralympic Games in 1960 in Rome, Japan made its Paralympic debut by hosting the 1964 Games in Tokyo. The country has participated in every subsequent edition of the Summer Paralympics and in every edition of the Winter Paralympics since the first in 1976. It has hosted the Paralympic Games twice, with Tokyo hosting the 1964 Summer Games and Nagano hosting the 1998 Winter Paralympics. The next Summer Paralympics in 2020 was held again in Tokyo. Japan is represented by the Japan Paralympic Committee. Japan was the only Asian country to compete at the 1964 Paralympics and also the only Asian country present at the inaugural Winter Games, making it the first Asian nation to have participated in either the Summer or Winter Games. It is also the third-most successful Asian country at the Summer Games (behind China and South Korea), having won 424 Paralympic medals, of which 127 are gold, 139 are silver, and 158 are bronze. These results place it 17th in the Summer Games. At the Winter Paralympics, Japan is the most successful nation with 97 medals, with 27 gold, 33 silver, and 37 bronze. These results put it in 13th place. Japan won only a single gold medal at the Tokyo Games (in the men's doubles, category C, in table tennis), but rapidly improved, with two golds in 1968, four in 1972, and ten in 1976, with a peak at eighteen in 2004—though that number stayed at just five in 2008 and 2012. Despite having won 24 medals in Rio, the country returned without any gold medals—10 silver and 14 bronze. Five years later, at home, Japan finished with 13 gold medals and 11th place in the medal table. In the Winter Games, the country emerged as a notable competitor when it hosted the Nagano Games in 1998, winning twelve gold medals, compared to none at all in previous editions, except for the 2002 Winter Paralympics, when the Japanese delegation won three bronze medals. Japan won all Winter Paralympics editions after Nagano. Being the best campaign, the last one in Beijing 2022, with 4 gold medals. By far Japan's most successful Paralympian has been swimmer Mayumi Narita, who won fifteen gold medals for her country between 1996 and 2004, making her one of the world's most successful Paralympians of all time. Hosted Games Japan has hosted the Games on three occasions, including the 2020 Summer Paralympics (which was postponed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic): Unsuccessful bids Medals Medals by Summer Games Medals by Winter Games Medals by sports Medals by summer sport Medals by winter sport See also Japan at the Olympics References", "title": "Japan at the Paralympics" }, { "docid": "34295620", "text": "The 2015 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships was the 39th edition of Ice Hockey World Junior Championship, played from December 26, 2014 to January 5, 2015. It was co-hosted by Toronto, Ontario, and Montreal, Quebec, Canada, and organized by Hockey Canada, Hockey Quebec, the Ontario Hockey Federation, the Montreal Canadiens, Maple Leafs Sports and Entertainment and Evenko. Games were split between Air Canada Centre in Toronto and Bell Centre in Montreal, with Montreal hosting Group A matches and two quarter finals, and Toronto hosting Group B, along with the relegation games, two quarter finals, along with the semi-finals, bronze medal, and gold medal games. After failing to medal at the previous two editions of the tournament, Canada beat Russia in the final to win the gold medal, marking Canada's first medal at the World Juniors since 2012, and Canada's first gold since 2009. Slovakia defeated Sweden in the bronze medal game to win their second-ever medal. Germany finished tenth overall and was relegated to Division I-A for the 2016 tournament. Slovak goaltender Denis Godla was named the tournament's most valuable player, while Sam Reinhart of Canada was the scoring leader with 11 points. Player eligibility A player is eligible to play in the 2015 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships if: the player is of male gender; the player was born at the earliest in 1995, and at the latest, in 2000; the player is a citizen in the country he represents; the player is under the jurisdiction of a national association that is a member of the IIHF. If a player who has never played in IIHF-organized competition wishes to switch national eligibility, he must have played in competitions for two consecutive years in the new country without playing in another country, as well as show his move to the new country's national association with an international transfer card. In case the player has previously played in IIHF-organized competition but wishes to switch national eligibility, he must have played in competitions for four consecutive years in the new country without playing in another country, he must show his move to the new country's national association with an international transfer card, as well as be a citizen of the new country. A player may only switch national eligibility once. Top Division Venues Match officials The IIHF selected 12 referees and 10 linesmen to officiate during the tournament: Referees Vladimír Baluška Lars Bruggemann Roman Gofman Antonin Jeřábek Mikko Kaukokari Geoffrey Miller Linus Öhlund Konstantin Olenin Steve Patafie Pascal St-Jaques Marcus Vinnerborg Tobias Wehrli Linesmen Jordan Browne Pierre Dehaen Gleb Lazarev Miroslav Lhotský Andreas Malmqvist Bevan Mills Jani Pesonen Nikolaj Ponomarjow Judson Ritter Simon Wust Format The four best ranked teams from each group of the preliminary round advance to the quarterfinals, while the last placed teams from each group played a relegation round in a best of three format to determine the relegated team. Rosters Preliminary round All times are local. (Eastern Standard Time – UTC-5) Group A Group B Relegation round", "title": "2015 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships" }, { "docid": "9544795", "text": "The Badminton Asia Championships (formerly Asian Badminton Championships until 2006) is a tournament organized by governing body Badminton Asia to crown the best badminton players in Asia. The tournament started in 1962 and is held annually since 1991. The event had rotated between team and individual competitions before the team event became null since 1994. At the 2003 event however, there is a controversy when China decided to pull out from the tournament at the last minute. Head coach Li Yongbo said that the tournament did not award any ranking points for the 2004 Summer Olympics event and wanted to give his players more time to rest. Some of the top players were also willing to pull out from the tournament since the competitiveness of the event was low. Championships The table below gives an overview of all host cities and countries of the Asia Championships. The most recent games were held in Ningbo in 2024. The number in parentheses following the city/country denotes how many times that city/country has hosted the championships. The number of events at each has ranged from one to six, and is given in the right-most column. All-time medal table Individual medalists Accurate as of 2024 Badminton Asia Championships. Men's team medalists (1962 – 1993) Past winners Men's team (1962–1993) Performances by nation Successful players and national teams Asian Champions who also became World Champions List of players who have won Asia Championships and also won the BWF World Championships to become both the Asian Champion and World Champion. Successful players Below is the list of the most ever successful players in the Badminton Asia Championships, with 3 or more gold medals. MS: Men's singles; WS: Women's singles; MD: Men's doubles; WD: Women's doubles; XD: Mixed doubles Successful national teams Below are the gold medal teams, shown by year as against by country. China has been the most successful and the only country to achieve a full slate of golds which they did in 2011. BOLD highlights the overall winner therefore at that Asia Team Championships Indonesia won on superior of silver medal, thus, Indonesia became overall winner. China won on superior of silver medal to Korea, thus, China became overall winner. China won on superior of silver medal of three silver medals to Malaysia none, thus, China became overall winner. Indonesia won on superior of silver medal of four silver medals to South Korea one, thus, Indonesia became overall winner. China won on superior of silver medal of two silver medals to South Korea none, thus, China became overall winner. China won on superior of bronze medal of four bronze medals to South Korea one, thus, China became overall winner. China won on superior of bronze medal of four bronze medals to Japan none, thus, China became overall winner. China won on superior of silver medal of one silver medal to Chinese Taipei, India, Indonesia, and Japan none, thus, China became overall winner. Men's singles Women's singles Men's doubles Women's doubles Mixed doubles Unofficial", "title": "Badminton Asia Championships" }, { "docid": "12499888", "text": "Asbel Kipruto Kiprop (born 30 June 1989) is a Kenyan middle-distance runner, who specialises in the 1500 metres. He was awarded the 1500 m gold medal at the 2008 Summer Olympics after the original winner, Rashid Ramzi, tested positive for doping. Kiprop has won three World Championship titles in the event, in 2011, 2013 and 2015. Kiprop failed his own doping test in November 2017 and received a four-year doping ban. He won his first major title at the 2007 All-Africa Games, taking the 1500 m gold medal, and also won the event at the 2010 African Championships in Athletics, improving upon a bronze medal performance from 2008. His personal best for the distance is 3:26.69. Career The 2007 season became his breakthrough year, when he won junior race gold medal at the 2007 IAAF World Cross Country Championships and then the 1500 m gold at the All-Africa Games. He ran a personal best to finish fourth in the 1500 m at the 2007 World Championships in Osaka. In recognition of his achievements, he won the Most Promising Sportsman of the Year category at the 2007 Kenyan Sports Personality of the Year awards. He ran at the 2008 African Championships in Athletics and took the bronze medal in the 800 m and came fourth in the 1500 m race. At the 2008 Beijing Olympics, Kiprop was narrowly beaten by Bahraini Rashid Ramzi for the gold medal. However, Kiprop was awarded the gold medal after Ramzi tested positive for CERA, a banned substance which is a newer version of the more commonly known EPO. He is the youngest ever winner of the title, a record previously held by Arnold Jackson since 1912. Kiprop has stated he is not very happy about the way he won the gold medal. He ended the year with a silver medal at the 2008 IAAF World Athletics Final, finishing behind the African champion Haron Keitany. At the 2009 World Athletics Championships, in Berlin, Kiprop disappointed many when he finished fourth for the second time in the 1500 m. Kiprop also participated in the 800 m but was eliminated in the semi-finals. He won the gold in the 1500 m at the 2010 African Championships in Athletics, running a championship record time of 3:36.19 to win in Nairobi. He competed on the 2010 IAAF Diamond League circuit that year and after victories at the Bislett Games, Prefontaine Classic and British Grand Prix, he went on to secure the inaugural 1500 m Diamond League title with a win at the final event at the Memorial van Damme. He represented Africa at the 2010 IAAF Continental Cup, but managed only sixth place. He ran at the 2011 Great Edinburgh Cross Country in January, taking second place in the short race behind Eliud Kipchoge. Later that year he became world champion over 1500 m, defeating his Kenyan rival, Silas Kiplagat at the 2011 World Championships in Athletics. Kiprop ran the final 800 meters of the race well under 1:50 and", "title": "Asbel Kiprop" }, { "docid": "2643100", "text": "The magic 45 minutes describes the duration of one of the most rewarding sporting periods in the history of New Zealand during which four New Zealand rowing teams won gold medals in four successive finals to be the most successful country at the 2005 World Rowing Championships in Gifu, Japan. 2005 World Rowing Championships The success of the New Zealanders was the first time any country had won four golds at any world championships since the former East Germany in 1987, an achievement which prompted New Zealand's largest newspaper, The New Zealand Herald, to scream \"FOARSOME\" in a banner headline. New Zealand has a population creeping just over 4,000,000—roughly a fifth of the population of Metropolitan New York—but is internationally recognised as regularly punching well above its weight in international sporting competition. New Zealand has previously won four Olympic golds in a single sport (canoeing) at a single games but that was over two days on Lake Casitas at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics. The previous shortest time between winning gold medals was less than an hour when the great Peter Snell (800 m) and Murray Halberg (5000 m) triumphed at the Rome Olympics in 1960. On this magic 45 minutes occasion, New Zealand had five teams in the rowing finals, an achievement that astonished the international rowing fraternity at Gifu. New Zealanders at home in New Zealand were hoping that maybe two gold medals would be achievable. But in only 45 minutes, the New Zealanders won four golds and the New Zealand flag proudly flew four times as the national anthem was played four times in succession. The four victories were: Mahé Drysdale of Tauranga, in the men's single sculls, won gold from the current Olympic champion, Olaf Tufte, of Norway. New Zealand was searching for a single sculler to succeed Rob Waddell who had won the world championships in 1998 and 1999 and a gold medal the Sydney Olympics, and unexpectedly, here he was. Juliette Haigh and Nicky Coles, in the women's coxless pair, won from Australians Natalie Bale and Sarah Outhwaite. It was vindication for Haigh and Coles who embarrassingly fell into the water at the 2004 Olympics at Athens and therefore could not display their talents. George Bridgewater and Nathan Twaddle, in the men's coxless pair, defeated South Africa with Italy third. Identical twin sisters Caroline and Georgina Evers-Swindell won the women's double sculls, defeating Bulgaria, with Australia third. As they had previously won world titles, and the gold medal at Athens, they were confidently expected to perform well and did not let their legion of New Zealand fans down. The men's coxless four of Donald Leach, Carl Meyer, Eric Murray and Steven Cottle finished sixth in their final. FISA awards In November 2005, New Zealand head coach, Dick Tonks was named the 2005 Coach of the Year by FISA, the International Rowing Federation, and the Evers-Swindell sisters were named Female Crew of the Year. See also Super Saturday References External links Return of the silver", "title": "Magic 45 minutes" }, { "docid": "42491000", "text": "Wales competed at the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow, Scotland. Prior to the games the Commonwealth Games Council for Wales set itself a target of 27 medals, surpassing the 2010 total of 20 medals won in Delhi. After the withdrawal of World champion competitors Helen Jenkins, Non Stanford and Becky James, Chef de Mission Brian Davies conceded that the initial target was optimistic, but the target was actually attained by 30 July, the sixth day of the competition. Wales finished 13th in the overall medal table (ranked in order of the number of gold medals won), but joint 8th, with Nigeria, in terms of the total medals won. Wales finished with 36 medals, making the team the most successful Welsh squad in Commonwealth Games history. The country secured five gold medals, won by Francesca Jones (gymnastics), Geraint Thomas (cycling), Natalie Powell (judo), Jazz Carlin and Georgia Davies (swimming). Francesca Jones was the most successful member of the Welsh squad securing six medals, with five silvers to add to her gold. Other multiple medal athletes includes fellow gymnasts Laura Halford and Georgina Hockenhull, swimmer Jazz Carlin and cyclist Geraint Thomas. Gymnastics was the country's most successful sport winning ten medals, but podium finishes were achieved across ten of the 18 sports contested. Wales medal total also included four from para-sport events. During the closing ceremony Francesca Jones was awarded the David Dixon Award as the outstanding athlete of the Games, reflecting not only her performance as a competitor but also as a role model to her sport and as an ambassador of fair play. Administration The national body created to select the Wales team at the 2014 Commonwealth Games was the Commonwealth Games Council for Wales (CGCW) (). The CGCW Board is managed by its Council which is made up of members from all sports that can attend a Commonwealth Games. The chair of the board to see Team Wales through the Games is Helen Phillips, who is also the Chair of Wales Gymnastics. The Company Secretary is Sue Holvey while its directors are Deborah Godbold, Nicola Phillips and Ron Davies. The President of CGCW is Anne Ellis while the CEO is Chris Jenkins, the only full-time employed member of the board. The chef de mission for Team Wales is Brian Davies, the first time he has held the position after serving on the team in the previous two competitions. Paralympic world record holding athlete Aled Davies was confirmed as team captain at the official team send-off at the Swalec Stadium in Cardiff on 23 June 2014. Build up to the Games High Standards were set in the run up to the 2014 Commonwealth Games for the Wales team, with a target of 27 medals set by the Commonwealth Games Council for Wales. This surpassed the team's total achieved at the 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi. The first major set back for the team was the withdrawal in June of world triathlete champion Non Stanford, who was unable to recover in", "title": "Wales at the 2014 Commonwealth Games" }, { "docid": "9913146", "text": "Cross-country skiing was one of the three disciplines of the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2007, held between February 22 and March 4, 2007 in Sapporo, Japan. The sprint events were held at the Sapporo Dome and the distance races were held at the Shirahatayama Open Stadium. The distances and skiing styles were unchanged from Oberstdorf, and as in 2005, nine different nations won medals. However, France and Canada were without medals this time around, replaced by Belarus, who won their first medal ever through 19-year-old Leanid Karneyenka, and Slovenia, for whom Petra Majdič won silver on the very first day of the Championships. Norway took the most medals: twelve medals of a possible 36, with five of twelve golds, despite falling in the men's team sprint where the Norwegians were defending champions. However, compared to 2005 Norway had one less gold medal and two fewer medals, largely due to the less than stellar performance of Marit Bjørgen, who won five medals in Oberstdorf, but earned her best individual finish of ninth in the 30 km event in Sapporo. However, Norwegian skiers won both the sprint and 15 km for men, events they had not taken in 2005, as well as dominating the 50 km with gold and silver. Finland took three golds and a bronze, all by Virpi Kuitunen, who won the most medals at the games, while Germany won six medals but only one gold with Tobias Angerer in the 15 km + 15 km double pursuit where German skiers finished first, second and fourth. Russia won four medals, earned by the men's team (sprint and relay: both silvers) and Olga Zavyalova, but also had to suffer with a doping controversy with newcomer Sergey Shiryayev being disqualified for EPO doping and serving a two-year ban as a result. The Czech Republic won three medals, with Kateřina Neumannová winning a gold and a silver medal at her final World Championships to retire with five medals, as did Italy, where 35-year-old Cristian Zorzi won his first gold medal at the World Championships with a team sprint win along with Renato Pasini. Finally, Sweden won two medals, with substitute Mats Larsson winning silver in the individual sprint, and the relay team winning bronze. Men's events Individual sprint classical February 22, 2007 at the Sapporo Dome. The defending champion was Vasily Rochev of Russia. Svartedal's third international win of the season was the most important one, improving significantly from his previous career-best 11th place. Rochev was eliminated in the semi-finals after losing contact with Swedes Björn Lind and Emil Jönsson over the final climb; Lind, the Olympic sprint champion, reached the final but lost the sprint for bronze to Rønning. Larsson, who was a reserve for former the world champion Thobias Fredriksson, was the best Swede to finish after passing Rønning at the final curve. Team sprint freestyle February 23, 2007 at the Sapporo Dome. The defending winners were Norway's Tore Ruud Hofstad and Tor Arne Hetland. Zorzi edged Rochev at the", "title": "Cross-country skiing at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2007" }, { "docid": "13639090", "text": "Slovenia first participated as an independent nation at the Olympic Games at the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville, France, and the country has sent athletes to compete at every Games since then. The Slovenian Olympic Committee was established in 1991 and was recognised by the International Olympic Committee on 5 February 1992. Slovenian athletes first competed at the Olympics in Stockholm, at the 1912 Summer Olympics, as part of the Austrian team. There, Rudolf Cvetko became the first Slovene to win an Olympic medal, a silver in the men's team sabre. Then, until Slovenia's independence, they competed as part of Yugoslavia. Before the Second World War, all of the Olympic medals for the Kingdom of Yugoslavia were won by Slovene gymnasts (with the exception of Croatian Dragutin Ciotti who was a member of the bronze medal winning men's gymnastics all-around team at the 1928 Summer Olympics). Leon Štukelj was the most prominent pre-war athlete, winning three gold, one silver, and two bronze medals, and he is still the most decorated Slovenian Olympian. Among post-war Olympians, Miroslav Cerar won two gold and one bronze medals, also in gymnastics. All of Yugoslavia's Winter Olympic medals (three silver and one bronze) were won by Slovenians with the first being the silver medal of Jure Franko in alpine skiing, won at the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo, when Yugoslavia hosted the Games. Athletes representing Slovenia have won a total of 28 medals at the Summer Olympic Games and another 24 at the Winter Olympic Games. Slovenia's most successful Summer Olympics have been the 2020 Summer Olympics where they won three gold medals and five medals overall. The most successful winter games were the 2014 Winter Olympics, where Slovenian athletes won a record eight medals, including two gold. Tina Maze (alpine skiing), Peter Prevc (ski jumping), and Iztok Čop (rowing) are the most decorated post-independence Slovenian Olympians, with four medals each. The shooter Rajmond Debevec has competed at the Olympics eight times . He competed between 1984 and 2012, representing Yugoslavia for his first two appearances. Track and field athlete Merlene Ottey competed at the Olympics seven times between 1980 and 2004. In her first six appearances, she was representing Jamaica, for whom she won nine medals, the seventh time she represented Slovenia. Debevec is the oldest medallist and the oldest Slovenian participant at the Olympics, having won his last medal at the age of 49 in 2012. The youngest participant from Slovenia was Nastja Govejšek, a swimmer, who was 15 at the 2012 games. The youngest Olympic medallist for Slovenia has been alpine skier Alenka Dovžan, who was 18 years old when she competed at the 1994 Winter Olympics. Slovenian athletes have won medals in nine sports at the Summer and in five sports at the Winter Games. The most successful sport for Slovenia at the Summer Olympics is judo with six medals (two gold) while the most successful sport at the Winter Olympics is alpine skiing with eight medals (two gold). In team", "title": "Slovenia at the Olympics" }, { "docid": "56548759", "text": "Mikhalina Anatolyevna Lysova (; born 29 March 1992) is a Russian visually impaired cross-country skier and biathlete. She has represented Russia at the Paralympics in 2010 and in 2014 competing in the cross-country skiing and biathlon events. She progressed to become one of the most consistent Paralympics Nordic skiers of Russia as she claimed 16 medals in her Paralympic career including 6 gold medals. She was also the recipient of the Order For Merit to the Fatherland and Order of Friendship awards. Early life Mikhalina Lysova was born on 29 March 1992 and had a weak vision since her birth. Her father worked as a fitter and her mother worked in a kindergarten. She was encouraged to take the sport of skiing by her elder sister, Aleksandra Lysova, in 2002 when she was just ten years old though her parents did not like it. She was married to a Ukrainian Paralympic Nordic skier, Dmytro Shulga, who has represented Ukraine at the Paralympics in 2010 and 2014. Career Lysova made her first Paralympic appearance during the 2010 Winter Paralympics representing Russia and had a successful Paralympic event claiming 5 medals in her debut Paralympic event including a gold medal and 2 silver medals in the cross-country skiing events and 2 bronze medals in the biathlon events. She was awarded the IPC Athlete of the Month for April in 2011 due to consistent performances at the 2011 IPC Biathlon and Cross-Country Skiing World Championships as she claimed 7 medals in the World Championships. She was also qualified to compete at the 2014 Winter Paralympics which was held in Russia and claimed 6 medals in the Paralympic event including 2 gold, 1 silver medals in the biathlon events and 1 gold, 2 silver medals in the cross-country skiing events. Mikhalina Lysova was also the flagbearer for Russia at the closing ceremony during the 2014 Winter Paralympics. She represented Neutral Paralympic Athletes at the 2018 Winter Paralympics as Russia was suspended and banned from competing at the 2018 Winter Paralympics due to doping scandal. Mikhalina Lysova claimed her 5th Paralympic gold medal after clinched a gold medal in the women's 6km individual event during the 2018 Winter Paralympics, which is also her third gold Paralympic gold medal in biathlon events. Defamation lawsuit In April 2018 after the conclusion of the 2018 Winter Paralympics on 18 March 2018, a German daily newspaper called Bild, falsely claimed Mikhalina Lysova for doping by blaming her for being indifferent to fellow Russian athletes who have been caught for doping issues and also filed a complaint against her at a court. The newspaper also believed that Mikhalina would have used banned substances to boost her performance at the 2018 Winter Paralympics where she managed to pick up 5 medals. However, Mikhalina Lysova managed to prove herself as an honest and innocent person after winning the court case against the German newspaper. References External links 1992 births Living people Sportspeople from Nizhny Tagil Russian female cross-country skiers Russian female biathletes", "title": "Mikhalina Lysova" }, { "docid": "4051602", "text": "Andrus Veerpalu (born 8 February 1971) is a retired Estonian cross-country skier. He is Estonia's most successful Winter Olympian, having won the gold medal in men's 15 km classical in 2002 and 2006, and silver in men's 50 km classical in 2002. Career On 17 February 2006 Veerpalu won his second Winter Olympics gold medal (in 15 km cross country skiing; his previous gold medal is from the Salt Lake City games), becoming the fourth Estonian to have won two Olympic gold medals (Kristjan Palusalu, Erika Salumäe and Kristina Šmigun-Vähi are the first three). He is the most successful Olympic athlete from Estonia with three medals. (Kristina Šmigun-Vähi tied that record at the 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics) Veerpalu has also found success at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships, winning a gold at 15 km in 2009 at Liberec, 30 km in 2001 at Lahti and a silver at 50 km in 1999 at Ramsau. He has also won the 50 km event at the Holmenkollen ski festival in 2003 and 2005. Veerpalu also competed in the men's 50 km, Mass Start Classic at the 2010 Winter Olympics, finishing at the 6th place. Veerpalu became the oldest world champion in history with his victory at Liberec 2009 on the 15 km classical event. He was then 38 years old. He is also the oldest Olympic champion in individual distance. Veerpalu earned the Holmenkollen medal in 2005, the first Estonian to do so. Veerpalu is the fourth athlete to compete in cross-country skiing at six Winter Olympics, after Marja-Liisa Kirvesniemi, Harri Kirvesniemi, and Jochen Behle. (Kateřina Neumannová is also a cross-country skier who competed at six Olympics, but one of her appearances was in cycling.) On 23 February 2011, Veerpalu announced that he will end his professional sportsman career due to a chronic knee injury. Doping case acquittal Several months after Veerpalu's retirement it was announced that he had tested positive for HGH (growth hormone), however he had pleaded innocent in HGH treatment. Estonian biochemistry doctors explained that the verdict was untimely and that there was no reliable method to distinguish artificial HGH from natural background hormone. Veerpalu appealed the test result to the FIS. The FIS antidoping commission found Veerpalu guilty and extended his ban to three years, due to Veerpalu's team's lack of co-operation with FIS. A group of top Estonian biochemists investigated the matter and insist Veerpalu was a false positive. The Court of Arbitration for Sport acquitted Veerpalu, lifted his doping ban and ordered the FIS to pay a part of Veerpalu's court costs on 25 March 2013. The court stated \"that there are many factors in this case which tend to indicate that the Athlete did in fact himself administer exogenous hGH\" but found that the decision limit, the threshold for considering the result an adverse analytical finding, was not sufficiently reliable to uphold the doping conviction. Krista Fischer, a senior researcher for the Estonian Genome Center, questioned what these unexplained factors hinted at by CAS", "title": "Andrus Veerpalu" }, { "docid": "3201149", "text": "Johan Hagbart Pedersen Grøttumsbraaten (24 February 1899 – 24 January 1983) was a Norwegian skier who competed in Nordic combined and cross-country. Dominating both events in the 1920s and early 1930s, he won several medals in the early Winter Olympics. Most notably, he won two gold medals at the 1928 Winter Olympics, and as one of the only two entrants to win two gold medalists from St. Moritz, was the most successful athlete there, along with Clas Thunberg of Finland. He previously won three medals (one silver, two bronzes) at the inaugural Winter Olympics held in Chamonix in 1924, and went on to defend his Olympic title in Nordic Combined Skiing at the 1932 Winter Olympics. In addition, he won three gold medals at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships: In 1931 he won both the cross-country 18 km and Nordic combined, after winning the Nordic combined event earlier in 1926. Grøttumsbråten is one of only four people to ever win the Holmenkollen ski festival's Nordic combined event five times (1923, 1926, 1928, 1929 and 1931). In 1924, he shared the Holmenkollen medal with fellow Norwegian Nordic combined athlete Harald Økern. Cross-country skiing results All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS). Olympic Games 3 medals – (1 gold, 1 silver, 1 bronze) World Championships 1 medal – (1 gold) References Further reading External links (cross-country) (Nordic combined) Holmenkollen medalists – click Holmenkollmedaljen for downloadable pdf file Holmenkollen winners since 1892 – click Vinnere for downloadable pdf file 1899 births 1983 deaths Norwegian male cross-country skiers Olympic cross-country skiers for Norway Cross-country skiers at the 1924 Winter Olympics Cross-country skiers at the 1928 Winter Olympics Cross-country skiers at the 1932 Winter Olympics Holmenkollen medalists Holmenkollen Ski Festival winners Nordic combined skiers at the 1924 Winter Olympics Nordic combined skiers at the 1928 Winter Olympics Nordic combined skiers at the 1932 Winter Olympics Norwegian male Nordic combined skiers Olympic Nordic combined skiers for Norway Olympic gold medalists for Norway Olympic silver medalists for Norway Olympic bronze medalists for Norway Olympic medalists in cross-country skiing Olympic medalists in Nordic combined FIS Nordic World Ski Championships medalists in cross-country skiing FIS Nordic World Ski Championships medalists in Nordic combined Medalists at the 1924 Winter Olympics Medalists at the 1928 Winter Olympics Medalists at the 1932 Winter Olympics", "title": "Johan Grøttumsbråten" }, { "docid": "17320329", "text": "Brian McKeever (born June 18, 1979) is a Canadian cross-country skier and biathlete, who became Canada's most decorated Winter Paralympian when he won his 14th medal at the 2018 Winter Paralympics. He finished the 2018 Games with a career total of 13 gold medals and 17 medals, making him the most decorated Paralympic cross-country skier ever. McKeever claimed a 16th Paralympic gold medal in the men's para cross-country middle distance vision impaired race at Beijing 2022, drawing him level with the German para-alpine racer Gerd Schönfelder for the most men's Winter Paralympic wins. Biography McKeever began skiing at the age of three and started competing at thirteen. At 19 he began losing his vision due to Stargardt's disease. At the 2002 and 2006 Winter Paralympics he competed in both cross-country skiing and biathlon. He won two gold medals and a silver in cross-country the first year and bronze medal for biathlon plus two gold medals and a silver for cross-country skiing in the later year. For his performance at the 2006 Games McKeever was named Best Male at the Paralympic Sport Awards. McKeever's older brother, Robin McKeever, competed as his guide in the Paralympics until 2014, when Erik Carleton took over. In 2010, he became the first Canadian athlete to be named to both Paralympic and Olympic teams. At the 2010 Winter Olympics, he was going to compete in the men's 50km cross-country race, however Canada's coach decided to replace him with a skier who did well at an earlier event at the 2010 games and thus he did not become the first athlete in the world to compete in the Winter Paralympics and Winter Olympics in the same year. At the 2010 Paralympics McKeever won three gold medals for cross-country skiing. McKeever repeated this triple gold medal performance at the 2014 Winter Paralympics in Sochi, sweeping the men's visually impaired cross country skiing individual events for the second time. At the 2018 Winter Paralympics in Pyeongchang, McKeever was Canada's flagbearer during the opening ceremonies. His gold medal in the men's 20-kilometre cross-country ski freestyle event was the 14th of his career, to pass Lana Spreeman as Canada's most decorated Winter Paralympian. McKeever won another two individual gold and a team relay bronze, his third triple gold medal sweep, for a career total of 13 gold medals and 17 medals in all, making him also the most decorated Paralympic cross-country skier ever. Prior to the 2022 Winter Paralympics in Beijing, McKeever announced that he would retire after the Games. He swept his three individual events for the fourth Paralympics in a row, including the men's visually impaired 20 kilometre classical, 1.5 kilometre sprint, and 12.5 kilometre freestyle—his 16th Paralympic medal and 20th overall. Awards and honours In 2011, McKeever was inducted alongside his brother Robin into the Canadian Disability Hall of Fame. References External links 1979 births Biathletes at the 2002 Winter Paralympics Biathletes at the 2006 Winter Paralympics Biathletes at the 2010 Winter Paralympics Biathletes at the 2014 Winter", "title": "Brian McKeever" }, { "docid": "5402225", "text": "Devendra Jhajharia (born 10 June 1981) is an Indian Paralympic javelin thrower competing in F46 events. He is the first Indian Paralympics player to win two gold medals at the Paralympics. He won his first gold in the javelin throw at the 2004 Summer Paralympics in Athens, becoming the second gold medalist at the Paralympics for his country. At the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro, he won a second gold medal in the same event, bettering his previous record. Devendra is currently being supported by the Olympic Gold Quest. He becomes India's most decorated Paralympic player by winning his third medal, a silver at the 2020 Summer Paralympics at Tokyo. Early life and background Jhajharia was born in 1981 and hails from the Churu District in Rajasthan. At the age of eight, climbing a tree he touched a live electric cable. He received medical attention but the doctors were forced to amputate his left hand. In 1997 he was spotted by Dronacharya Awardee coach R. D. Singh while competing at a school sports day, and from that point was coached by Singh. He gave credit to his personal coach R. D. Singh for 2004 Paralympic Gold Medal, saying: \"He gives me a lot of advice and helps me during training.\" He has been coached by Sunil Tanwar since 2015. Career In 2002 Jhajharia won the gold medal in the 8th FESPIC Games in South Korea. In 2004 Jhajharia qualified for his first Summer Paralaympic Games representing India at Athens. At the games he set a new world record with a distance of 62.15m eclipsing the old one of 59.77m. The throw gave him the gold medal and he became only the second gold medalist at the Paralympics for his country (India's first gold medal came from Murlikant Petkar). Further athletic success came in 2013 at the IPC Athletics World Championships in Lyon, France when he took the gold medal in the F46 javelin throw. He followed this with a silver medal at the 2014 Asian Para Games at Incheon in South Korea. At the 2015 IPC Athletics World Championships in Doha, despite throwing 59.06, Jhajharia could only finish in second place, claiming silver behind China's Guo Chunliang, who threw a championship record distance. In 2016, he won a gold medal at the 2016 IPC Athletics Asia-Oceania Championship in Dubai. At the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro, he won the gold medal in the men's javelin throw F46 event, bettering his own 2004 record with a world-record throw of 63.97 metres. On 30 August 2021, Jhajharia won silver medal in the men's javelin throw F46 event at Tokyo Paralympics 2020 along with Sundar Singh Gurjar (bronze medal at the same event). Personal life A former Indian Railways employee, Jhajharia is currently employed with the Rajasthan Forest Department. His wife, Manju, is a former nationally ranked kabaddi player; the couple has two children, Jiya and Kavyan. Devendra Jhajharia was brought up by Jevani Devi and Ram Singh Jhajharia", "title": "Devendra Jhajharia" }, { "docid": "2822201", "text": "Larisa Yevgenyevna Lazutina (; née Ptitsyna, born 1 June 1965) is a Soviet-Russian former professional cross-country skier. Career Lazutina was awarded the Holmenkollen medal in 1998 (shared with Fred Børre Lundberg, Alexey Prokurorov and Harri Kirvesniemi). She made her Olympic debut in 1988. Lazutina won her first Olympic medal in 1992, winning a team gold that year. At the 1994 Winter Olympics, Lazutina won a further relay gold. At the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan, she won five medals: three gold, one silver and one bronze. She was the most successful athlete at the 1998 Winter Games. After the Olympics, Boris Yeltsin awarded her the title Hero of the Russian Federation. Lazutina earned numerous medals at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships. She won a total of sixteen medals, including eleven gold, three silver and two bronze medals. She was also the first three-time winner of the women's 30 km event at the Holmenkollen ski festival (1995, 1998 and 2001). In 2002, at her fifth Olympics, she again participated in the cross-country skiing events at the 2002 Winter Olympics. Lazutina won two medals with a gold in the 5 km + 5 km combined pursuit and a silver in the 10 km classical. However, she was one of three cross-country skiers (together with Johann Mühlegg and Olga Danilova) who were disqualified after blood tests indicated the use of darbepoetin, a drug intended to boost red blood cell production. In February 2004, the International Olympic Committee stripped Lazutina's 2002 Olympic medals following a Court of Arbitration for Sport ruling in December 2003. The results were amended accordingly. As a result of the use of the banned substance, Larisa Lazutina received a two-year ban by the International Ski Federation in 2002. In 2015, a sports park named after Lazutina opened in Odintsovo, Moscow region. Its full name is: . Cross-country skiing results All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS). Olympic Games 7 medals – (5 gold, 1 silver, 1 bronze) World Championships 16 medals – (11 gold, 3 silver, 2 bronze) a. Cancelled due to extremely cold weather. World Cup Season titles 4 titles – (2 overall, 2 long distance) Season standings Individual podiums 21 victories 62 podiums Team podiums 33 victories 41 podiums Note: Until the 1999 World Championships and the 1994 Olympics, World Championship and Olympic races were included in the World Cup scoring system. Personal life She is married to cross-country skier Gennady Lazutin. See also List of female Heroes of the Russian Federation List of sportspeople sanctioned for doping offences List of multiple Olympic gold medalists List of multiple Olympic gold medalists in one event References External links Holmenkollen medalists – click Holmenkollmedaljen for downloadable pdf file Holmenkollen winners since 1892 – click Vinnere for downloadable pdf file Pravda On-line IOC Announces Annulment of the Results of Larissa Lazutina from the 2002 Salt Lake City Olympic Winter Games and Amends Results Accordingly 1965 births Living people People from Kondopoga Cross-country skiers at the 1988", "title": "Larisa Lazutina" }, { "docid": "1732160", "text": "Thailand first participated at the Olympic Games in 1952, and has sent athletes to compete in every Summer Olympic Games since then, except when they participated in the US-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics. Thailand has also participated in the Winter Olympic Games since 2002. Thailand won its first medal at the 1976 Games in Montreal, when boxer Payao Poontarat took home a bronze in the Men's Light Flyweight category. Thailand's first gold medal would also come in boxing at the 1996 Games in Atlanta, when Somluck Kamsing won the Men's Featherweight category. Since then, Thai athletes have won gold medals at every subsequent Summer Olympics with the exception of the 2012 Games in London, with all its gold medals to date having come in men's boxing, women's weightlifting and women’s taekwondo. The National Olympic Committee for Thailand was created in 1948 and recognized in 1950. As of 2021, Thai athletes have won a total of 35 medals, 14 in weightlifting, 15 in boxing and 6 in taekwondo. Among countries in Southeast Asia, Thailand ranks first in terms of the number of gold medals (10), and second in the number of overall medals (35), only behind Indonesia which has 37 medals. Thailand's most successful Games to date were the 2004 Games in Athens, where they won eight medals, of which three of them were gold. The country's most recent gold medalist is Panipak Wongpattanakit, who earned her medal in the women's 49kg event in taekwondo. Medals Medals by Summer Games Medals by Winter Games Medals by Summer Sport Medals by Winter Sport List of medalists Medals by individual According to official data of the International Olympic Committee. This is a list of people who have won two or more Olympic medals for Thailand. People in bold are still active competitors Flag bearers Flag bearers by Summer Games Flag bearers by Winter Games Olympic participants Summer Olympics Winter Olympics Milestones In 2002 and 2006, Thailand qualified its first Winter Olympian cross country skier, and first Winter Olympian, Prawat Nagvajara. In 2014, Thailand qualified its first Winter Olympian alpine skier, Kanes Sucharitakul. It then added the first female Winter Olympian for the country, Vanessa Vanakorn (Vanessa-Mae), doubling the size of the previous largest delegation to a Winter Games. See also Tropical nations at the Winter Olympics Olympics Thailand at the Youth Olympics Paralympic Thailand at the Paralympics Asian Games Thailand at the Asian Games Thailand at the Asian Para Games Other Thailand at the Universiade Thailand at the World Games References External links", "title": "Thailand at the Olympics" }, { "docid": "9828878", "text": "Therese Johaug (born 25 June 1988) is a former Norwegian cross-country skier from the village of Dalsbygda in Os municipality who has competed for the clubs Tynset IF and IL Nansen. In World Ski Championships she has won ten individual gold medals along with four gold medals in relays, and she is a four-time Olympic gold medallist. In October 2016, Johaug tested positive for the performance-enhancing drug clostebol. She was suspended for 18 months, missing the 2018 Winter Olympics. She returned to international competition at the World Cup in 2019. On 4 March 2022, Johaug announced her retirement from elite cross-country skiing following the 2021–2022 season. Athletic career After skiing some domestic races in the 2006 season, Johaug took part at the Norwegian Championships in 2007, winning a bronze at the 7.5 km + 7.5 km double pursuit event. She was selected for two World Cup races before the World Championships, finishing eighth and 33rd in two interval start races over 10 km, which was enough to be selected for competition in the 30 km distance at the 2007 Sapporo World Championships where she won a surprising bronze medal. At the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, she won gold in the 4 × 5 km relay, came sixth in the 15 km pursuit and seventh in the 30 km mass start (classic) race. Johaug won her first individual gold medal in the 30 km mass start race at the 2011 World Championships in Oslo. She also won gold in the 4 x 5 km relay, bronze in the 7.5 km + 7.5 km double pursuit and fourth in the 10 km individual start. At the 2013 World Championships, she won her second individual gold medal in the 10 km freestyle race. At the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, she won the silver medal in the 30 km mass start (free), the bronze medal in the 10 km classical, and finished fourth in the 15 km skiathlon. Johaug and compatriot Martin Johnsrud Sundby became the first Norwegians to win the Tour de Ski when they won the women's and men's competitions in the 2013–14 edition of the race. Johaug subsequently won the overall and distance competitions in the 2013–14 FIS Cross-Country World Cup. She won the Birkebeinerrennet ski marathon in 2015 with a time of 2.41.46. That year she also enjoyed her most successful World Championship performance in Falun, where she took three gold medals: two in individual events (the 15km skiathlon and the 30km classic mass start) and one as part of the Norwegian women's team in the 4x5km relay. Johaug followed her World Championship success with her best-ever World Cup season in 2015–16, winning a second Tour de Ski by overturning a 39-second deficit to Ingvild Flugstad Østberg on the final stage to complete the climb up Alpe Cermis with a lead of 2 minutes 21 seconds over runner-up Østberg. She went on to capture the overall and distance World Cups, rounding off her season by winning the inaugural", "title": "Therese Johaug" }, { "docid": "6438947", "text": "The FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2007 took place 22 February – 4 March 2007 in Sapporo, Japan. It was the second time this city has hosted these championships, having previously done so in the 1972 Winter Olympics. Sapporo was selected as venue by vote at the 43rd FIS World Congress in Portorož, Slovenia, on 6 June 2002. It also marked the third time the championships were hosted outside Europe in a year that did not coincide with the Winter Olympics; it was the first championship held in Asia. The ski jumping team normal hill event was not held, as it had been in 2005. Highlights The most successful competitor was Finland's Virpi Kuitunen who won three golds (team sprint, 30 km, and 4 x 5 km) and one bronze (individual sprint). 20-year-old Astrid Jacobsen from Norway won three medals in women's cross-country with a gold in the individual sprint and bronzes in the team sprint and 4 x 5 km. Lars Berger of Norway became the first person to win medals at both the biathlon and Nordic skiing world championships in the same year with Nordic skiing golds in the 15 km and 4 x 10 km events and a silver in the 4 x 7.5 km biathlon relay in Rasen-Antholz, Italy, in February. Indoor skiing was held for the first time at the Sapporo Dome with the cross-country sprint and the Nordic combined sprint events. Germany's Ronny Ackermann became the first person to win the Nordic combined 15 km individual Gundersen event in three straight championships. Hannu and Pirjo Manninen of Finland became the first brother-and-sister combination to win gold medals at the same championships with Hannu's wins in the Nordic combined 7.5 km sprint and 4 x 5 km team events, and Pirjo's win in the women's 4 x 5 km cross-country relay. Belarus earned their first championship medal with Leanid Karneyenka's surprise silver in the 15 km event. Petra Majdič of Slovenia earned her first championship medal and the first for the nation both for women and in cross-country skiing. Switzerland's Simon Ammann won medals in both individual hill competitions (silver: normal, gold: large) and had the longest jumps in the team large hill events. Adam Małysz of Poland won his fourth world championship gold medal with the largest victory in the history of the individual normal hill event, his third win in event of the last four championships. Despite being well run and well-organized, the championships attendance was only 90,000, mostly at the Sapporo Dome and the ski jumping hills of Miyanomori and Okurayama. This amount was only a third of what was there at the previous games at Oberstdorf. A record 697 doping tests were administered for the event, one of the largest in any international major sports outside the Winter Olympics, including urine, EPO urine, blood, blood transfusion, and human growth hormone testing. One positive EPO urine control was found on Sergey Shiryayev, whose case resulted in a two-year suspension at the FIS", "title": "FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2007" }, { "docid": "28957794", "text": "Slovakia as such made its Paralympic Games début at the 1994 Winter Paralympics in Lillehammer, following the break-up of Czechoslovakia, which had taken part in the Paralympics from 1972 to 1992. Slovakia has taken part in every edition of both the Summer and Winter Paralympics since then. Slovakia's most successful athletes are Henrieta Farkašová and guide Natália Šubrtová, who with four gold and one silver in , became the most successful athletes of the whole 2018 Pyeongchang, which they achieved as the first in their country's history. Their total medal count of nine gold, two silver and one bronze from 2010 Vancouver, 2014 Sochi and 2018 Pyeongchang makes them Slovakia's most successful Paralympians. Among pioneers, Jozef Miština won four of the country's five medals at the 1994 Games: three silver and a bronze in alpine skiing. He won four medals again (two silver and two bronze) in 1998. In 2010, Slovakia won its first Winter gold medals, with Henrieta Farkašová and Jakub Krako each winning three gold and a silver in visually impaired alpine skiing. This led to Slovakia's best result at the Paralympic Games: the country ranked fourth on the medal table. Medal tallies Medals by Summer Paralympics Medals by Winter Paralympics Medals by summer sport Medals by winter sport List of medalists Summer Paralympics Winter Paralympics Most successful Slovak competitors See also Slovakia at the European Games Slovakia at the European Youth Olympic Festival Slovakia at the Olympics Slovakia at the Universiade Slovakia at the World Games Slovakia at the Youth Olympics References", "title": "Slovakia at the Paralympics" }, { "docid": "26249437", "text": "Canada was the host country of the 2010 Winter Paralympics, in Vancouver, the first time it had hosted the Winter Paralympics. The 2010 Winter Paralympics was the most successful Winter Paralympics for Canada, through 2010. It collected the most total medals and most gold medals of any Winter Paralympics up until then. Canada ended the Games with 19 total medals, 10 of them gold, ending at 3rd in total medals ranking, and 3rd in gold medal ranking. This met the performance level set by the Canadian Paralympic Committee, of ending third in total medal count. Canadian cross-country skier Brian McKeever, who would have competed at the 2010 Winter Olympics, would have been the first athlete ever to compete both at both the Winter Olympics and the Winter Paralympics. However, his coach cut him two days before the competition so McKeever will in fact not set an Olympic record. McKeever will compete in cross-country and biathlon events at the Winter Paralympics, with his brother Robin as his guide. Viviane Forest became the first para-athlete to win a gold in both the Winter and Summer Games, by winning the Women's Downhill for Visually Impaired. She had previously won gold in the 2000 and 2004 Summer Paralympics for women's goalball. Lauren Woolstencroft became the first Canadian to win 3 golds at the same Winter Paralympics, this was eventually upped to 5 golds. With her 4th gold medal, she helped Canada set a record for most gold medals at any Winter Paralympic Games by winning the 7th medal. The previous mark was six, set at the 2002 Salt Lake City Paralympics. With her 5th gold medal, she set the record for most gold medals won by any Winter Paralympian at a single Games, and she tied the record for gold medal haul of any Canadian Paralympian at a single Games, tying Chantal Petitclerc (who did the feat twice) and Stephanie Dixon, both Summer Paralympians. Her five gold are also the record for any Canadian Winter Paralympian or Olympian. Medalists Alpine skiing Women Men Biathlon Women Men Cross-country skiing Women Men Ice sledge hockey The Canadian sledge hockey team qualified for the 2010 Paralympics by winning the bronze medal at the 2009 IPC Ice Sledge Hockey World Championships. Roster Preliminary round Round robin Standings Playoff round Semifinal Bronze medal game Wheelchair curling Roster Preliminary round Round robin Standings Playoffs Semifinal Gold medal game See also Canada at the 2010 Winter Olympics Canada at the Paralympics References External links Vancouver 2010 Paralympic Games official website Canadian Paralympic Committee official website International Paralympic Committee official website Nations at the 2010 Winter Paralympics 2010 Paralympics", "title": "Canada at the 2010 Winter Paralympics" }, { "docid": "8390760", "text": "Dilshod Jamoliddinovich Nazarov (, ; , Dilshod Dzhamoliddinovich Nazarov) (born 6 May 1982) is a Tajik track and field athlete who specializes in the hammer throw. He has represented his country at the Olympic Games on four occasions (in 2004, 2008, 2012 and 2016), winning the gold medal in Rio de Janeiro, the first gold medal for Tajikistan in the history of the Olympic Games. He has competed seven times at the World Championships in Athletics (2005 to 2017), but has been most successful at regional competitions: he won medals at four consecutive Asian Athletics Championships and was the hammer champion at the Asian Games in 2006, 2010 and 2014. He won his first global medal (a silver) in 2010 at the IAAF Continental Cup. His personal best for the event is 80.71 metres, set in 2013. Career Early career Born in Dushanbe the capital of Tajikistan, his first noteworthy international result was a bronze medal at the 1997 West Asian Games. He made his debut on the global stage at the 1998 World Junior Championships in Athletics, but he did not reach the final. His first continental gold medal came at the 1999 Asian Junior Athletics Championships. He took fifth place at the 2000 World Junior Championships, an event won by 2004 Olympic bronze medalist Eşref Apak, and repeated as the continental junior champion at the 2001 Asian Junior Athletics Championships. Nazarov then finished fourth at the 2002 Asian Championships in Colombo, and won a bronze medal the next year in Manila in a contest won by Ali Mohamed Al-Zinkawi of Kuwait. He took part in the inaugural Afro-Asian Games and managed to win the silver medal behind South African thrower Chris Harmse. Another medal came at the 2003 Central Asian Games in Dushanbe, where he took the hammer gold for the hosts. Olympic debut and Asian medals Participating in the 2004 Summer Olympics, he got no mark in the qualifying round and thus failed to make it through to the second round. He started the next year with an appearance at the 2005 Islamic Solidarity Games, where he took his country's sole gold medal of the tournament. In June 2005 he threw a new personal best of 77.63 metres in Almaty. At the 2005 World Championships he was again knocked out in the qualifying round, but at the 2005 Asian Championships in Incheon Nazarov won a silver medal, again behind Al-Zinkawi. At the 2006 Asian Games Nazarov finally won a gold medal, overcoming Ali Mohamed Al-Zinkawi who had held the lead until the fifth and penultimate round. Al-Zinkawi was the pre-event favourite, having a season (and career) best of 76.97 metres while Nazarov only had a season best of 70.03 metres from Istanbul in June. The absence of 2004 Olympic champion Koji Murofushi was noted; nonetheless, Nazarov's gold medal was celebrated as the first gold medal of Tajikistan at the Asian Games in any sport. In addition it was their first Asian Games medal of any kind in", "title": "Dilshod Nazarov" }, { "docid": "41881914", "text": "Six new World records and ten new Olympic records were set at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi. Figure skating The following new ISU best scores were set during this competition: Short track speed skating OR = Olympic record Speed skating OR = Olympic record, WR = World record Other records Ole Einar Bjørndalen won gold at the 10 km sprint and mixed relay biathlon events, becoming the oldest Winter Olympics individual gold medalist at age 40; and the most successful Olympian in the history of the Winter Games with 13 medals, record number of total medals. Marit Bjørgen by winning her 6th career gold, in women's 30 km cross country race, equaled the record for most Winter Olympic medals by a woman, with 10. Of those with 10 medals, Stefania Belmondo and Raisa Smetanina, Bjørgen has the most golds. She surpassed the prior record holder for most female Olympic medals in cross country skiing, Lyubov Egorova, who has 9, 6 of them gold. Justine Dufour-Lapointe, 19 years 321 days, became the youngest freestyle skiing gold medalist, by winning women's moguls. She finished just ahead of her older sister silver medalist Chloe in women's moguls, her eldest sister, Maxime finished 12th. They became the third pair of sisters to finish 1–2 in an event at the Winter Games. It was the fifth time three siblings have competed at the same event at the Winter Games. Alexandre Bilodeau became the first freestyle skiing gold medalist to defend his Olympic title, and first repeat gold medalist, winning the men's moguls. Mario Matt, at age 34, became the oldest Olympic alpine skiing gold medalist, by winning the men's slalom. Henrik Kristoffersen, at age 19, became the youngest male Olympic alpine skiing medalist, winning bronze in men's slalom. Bode Miller, at age 36, became the oldest Olympic medalist in alpine skiing, winning a bronze in men's super-G. Mikaela Shiffrin, at age 18, became the youngest Olympic gold medalist in slalom, winning gold in women's slalom. Noriaki Kasai became the oldest athlete to win a ski-jumping Olympic medal. Armin Zöggeler, by winning bronze in men's luge, became the first Olympian to capture a medal in the same event in six consecutive Olympics, thus holding the record for most consecutive Olympics with medal wins in the same event. Vladimir Grigorev, at 31 years and 191 days, became the oldest man to win a short track speedskating Olympic medal, winning silver at the 1000 m event. Viktor Ahn became the first short track speedskater to win all four Olympic golds (500 m, 1000 m, 1500 m, 5000 m-relay), winning gold in 2014 in 500 m, 1000 m, 5000 m-relay, having golds from 2006 in 1000 m, 1500 m, 5000 m-relay, with the 500 m gold completing the four. He also became the short track speedskater with the most Olympic gold medals, with 6. He also has the most Olympic medals in short track with 8, tying Apolo Anton Ohno. Teemu Selänne, at age 43 years and 234", "title": "World and Olympic records set at the 2014 Winter Olympics" }, { "docid": "2405926", "text": "Tirunesh Dibaba (, Amharic: ጥሩነሽ ዲባባ ቀነኒ; born 1 October 1985) is an Ethiopian athlete who competes in long-distance track events and international road races. She has won three Olympic track gold medals, five World Championship track gold medals, four individual World Cross Country (WCC) adult titles, and one individual WCC junior title. Tirunesh was the 5,000 metres (outdoor track) world record holder until 2020 when her compatriot Letesenbet Gidey set a new world record. She is nicknamed the \"baby-faced destroyer.\" At the 2005 IAAF World Championships in Helsinki, Finland, Tirunesh became the first woman to win the 5000 m and 10000 m at the same championship. She is the one of two women (the other Sonia O'Sullivan) who won the short and long course World Cross Country title at the same championship (2005 in Saint-Galmier, France). With her 2003 World championship title, she became the youngest World Champion at the age of 18 years and 90 days. Tirunesh comes from a sporting family of several Olympic medalists, which includes her sisters Genzebe and Ejegayehu, and her aunt Derartu Tulu. The matriarch of the Dibaba athletics dynasty, Tirunesh is the most decorated of the family. Background Tirunesh was born in the village of Bekoji, Arsi Zone of the Oromia Region and the fourth of six children. She is of Oromo descent. She began competing in athletics at the age of 14. She was raised in the high-altitude Arsi Zone in Oromia, Ethiopia but has lived in Addis Ababa, the capital, since 2000. Tirunesh comes from an athletic family. Her older sister Ejegayehu won the silver medal in the 10,000 metres at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. As of 25 June 2017, her younger sister Genzebe holds the world record for 1,500 metres, 2,000 metres and the indoor world records for 1,500 metres, one mile (pending ratification), 3,000 metres, and 5,000 metres. Tirunesh and Genzebe are the only siblings in history to hold concurrent world records. Their aunt Derartu Tulu won gold medals in the 10,000 metres at the 1992 and 2000 Summer Olympics, the bronze medal in the 10,000 metres at the 2004 Summer Olympics, the silver medal in the 10,000 metres at the 1995 World Championships, and the gold medal in the 10,000 metres at the 2001 World Championships. Career Junior races Dibaba's first fully international outdoor event as a junior was the 2001 World Cross Country Championships (WCCC) in Ostend, Belgium where, at the age of 15, she finished fifth. Dibaba finished second in the junior race at the 2002 WCCC in Dublin, Ireland before winning that race in Lausanne, Switzerland in 2003. Dibaba also earned a silver medal in the 5000 metres at the 2002 World Junior Championships in Kingston, Jamaica, 1.05 seconds behind Meseret Defar and just 0.05 seconds ahead of bronze medalist Vivian Cheruiyot. 2003: First World Championships gold medal In May, Dibaba won the only Ethiopian national track championship of her senior career. The event was the 5000 metres, with Meseret Defar finishing", "title": "Tirunesh Dibaba" }, { "docid": "6615622", "text": "Taekwondo is an Olympic sport that is contested at the Summer Olympic Games. It was introduced in the 1988 and 1992 Olympic Games as a demonstration sport, and made its debut as a full medal sport at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia. Both men and women compete in four events each defined by separate weight classes: flyweight, featherweight, middleweight and heavyweight. Traditionally, taekwondo competitions consist of eight weight classes for each gender, but Olympic taekwondo only has four due to the International Olympic Committee (IOC) limiting the total number of taekwondo entrants to 128. The competitions are conducted in accordance with the rules established by the World Taekwondo (WT). The competition format for taekwondo is a single-elimination tournament to determine the gold and silver medal winners, and a repechage is used to determine the bronze medal winner(s). in 2000 and 2004, a single repechage final determined the sole bronze medal winner, but a rule change in 2008 created two repechage finals that allowed for the bronze medal to be shared between two competitors. Iranian Hadi Saei (2 gold, 1 bronze), American Steven López (2 gold, 1 bronze), South Korean Hwang Kyung-Seon (2 gold, 1 bronze) and Mexican María del Rosario Espinoza (1 gold, 1 silver, 1 bronze) share the most medals in Taekwondo with three. By defending her title at 2012 London Olympics, Hwang Kyung-Seon became the first woman ever to win three Olympic taekwondo medals. Hadi Saei and Steven López, along with Huang Chih-hsiung of Chinese Taipei, are the only three athletes to have won medals in multiple weight classes. Spanish Adriana Cerezo is the youngest athlete to win a medal (17 years, 242 days) and Hadi Saei is the oldest (32 years, 2 months, 13 days). Rohullah Nikpai of Afghanistan became his country's first ever Olympic medalist with a bronze medal in 2008. South Korea has been the most successful nation in Olympic taekwondo, winning 22 medals (12 gold, 3 silver, 7 bronze). China is the second most successful nation with 11 medals (7 gold, 1 silver, 3 bronze). A total of 32 gold medals, 32 silver medals and 48 bronze medals have been awarded since 2000 and have been won by athletes from 33 National Olympic Committees (NOC). Men Flyweight (58 kg) Featherweight (68 kg) Middleweight (80 kg) Heavyweight (+80 kg) Women Flyweight (49 kg) Featherweight (57 kg) Middleweight (67 kg) Heavyweight (+67 kg) Statistics Athlete medal leaders Athletes who won at least two medals are listed below. The years indicate the Olympics at which the medals were won. Medals per year See also World Taekwondo Championships World Cup Taekwondo Team Championships Lists of Olympic medalists References General 2000 2004 2008 Specific Taekwondo Taekwondo at the Summer Olympics Olympic medalists", "title": "List of Olympic medalists in taekwondo" }, { "docid": "4529589", "text": "Hannu Kalevi Manninen (born 17 April 1978 in Rovaniemi) is a Finnish nordic combined athlete. Debuting at the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer at the age of 15, he took his first medal three years later at the age of 18 when he won silver in the 4 × 5 km team event at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships. At the 2002 Winter Olympics, he won a gold medal in the 4 × 5 km team event at the age of 23. He has five other Nordic skiing World Championships medals, earning three golds (4 × 5 km team: 1999, 2007 and 7.5 km sprint: 2007) and two bronzes (4 × 5 km team: 2001, 2003). He has two other Olympic team medals as well (silver: 1998, bronze: 2006). Manninen formerly had the record for most wins (48) and most championship titles (4), after passing Kenji Ogiwara's records during the 2006–07 season, in the FIS Nordic Combined World Cup. He also has won the 7.5 km sprint event of the Nordic combined three times (2002, 2004, 2005) at the Holmenkollen ski festival. As a cross country skier, he finished 8th in the individual sprint event at the 2002 Winter Olympics. Manninen announced his first retirement from competition on 29 May 2008 to focus on his family and a future career as an airline pilot. He made his comeback to World Cup on 28 November 2009 in Ruka (Kuusamo), Finland, where he finished 2nd. Day after he won his first race after comeback. The first race in 2010 took place in Oberhof Germany where Manninen won for the 47th time in his sporting career. He made his second comeback on 7 January 2017 in Lahti, Finland, where he finished 18th. Personal life His younger sister, Pirjo is a cross-country skier who has also won several World Championship medals, including three golds at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships (Individual sprint: 2001, 4 × 5 km: 2007, 2009). They are the first brother-sister combination to ever win gold medals at the same championships. Manninen graduated from the Finnish Aviation Academy in 2011 and is working for Finnair as of 2016. Cross-country skiing results All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS). Olympic Games World Cup Season standings See also List of Olympic medalist families Sources ESPN.com May 29, 2008 announcement of Manninen's retirement. – accessed May 29, 2008. FIS Newsflash 177 on Manninen's potential retirement. April 30, 2008. . Cross-country . Nordic combined Holmenkollen winners since 1892 – click Vinnere for downloadable pdf file References Hannu Manninen Profile. International Ski Federation. March 27th 2018. 1978 births Living people Skiers from Rovaniemi Cross-country skiers at the 2002 Winter Olympics Finnish aviators Finnish male Nordic combined skiers Finnish male cross-country skiers Holmenkollen Ski Festival winners Nordic combined skiers at the 1994 Winter Olympics Nordic combined skiers at the 1998 Winter Olympics Nordic combined skiers at the 2002 Winter Olympics Nordic combined skiers at the 2006 Winter Olympics Nordic combined skiers at", "title": "Hannu Manninen" } ]	[ "United States" ]
train_21966	where was the world premiere of the wizard of oz	[ { "docid": "21746992", "text": "Ruth Leone Duccini ( Robinson; July 23, 1918 – January 16, 2014) was an American actress. Biography Ruth is best known as the penultimate surviving Munchkin from the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz. Her role in the film as a Munchkin villager was not credited. Her most recent appearances were when she and the other surviving Munchkins were presented with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on November 21, 2007, and attending the premiere of the film's 75th anniversary at the Grauman's Chinese Theatre. She also was seen in Under the Rainbow (1981) and Memories of Oz (2001). While Duccini could not recall in 2013 what she earned filming Oz, the Munchkin village actors were paid $50 a week during filming, plus room/board. She said of her World War II work: Duccini made the news again when Margaret Thatcher died, and critics of the former British premier tried to propel \"Ding-Dong! The Witch Is Dead\" onto the chart to celebrate her passing. Duccini and Jerry Maren (who would become the last surviving adult Munchkin) said the song was never to be used in such a way, stating: Duccini died in Las Vegas, at the age of 95, on January 16, 2014. She outlived every major cast member of The Wizard of Oz. Filmography References External links The Wizard of Oz Special Screening Honoring the Munchkins Photo Gallery 1918 births 2014 deaths Actors with dwarfism American actors with disabilities Actresses from Minnesota American film actresses People from Chisago County, Minnesota 20th-century American actresses 21st-century American women", "title": "Ruth Duccini" }, { "docid": "4510097", "text": "Terry (November 17, 1933 – September 1, 1945) was a female Cairn Terrier performer who appeared in many different movies, most famously as Toto in the film The Wizard of Oz (1939). It was her only credited role, though she was credited not as Terry but as Toto. She was owned and trained by Carl Spitz and Gabrielle Quinn. Life and career Terry, born in the midst of the Great Depression, was trained and owned by Carl Spitz. She was the mother of Rommy, another movie Cairn terrier, who appeared in other films including Reap the Wild Wind (1942) and Air Force (1943). Her first film appearance was in Ready for Love (1934) which was released on November 30, 1934, roughly one month before her first major film appearance, with Shirley Temple, in Bright Eyes (1934) as Rags. She did her own stunts, and was seriously injured during the filming of The Wizard of Oz (1939) when one of the Winkie guards accidentally stepped on her paw, spraining it. Terry spent two weeks recuperating at Judy Garland's residence, and Garland developed a close attachment to her. Garland offered to buy Terry from Spitz, but he refused to sell her. Terry's $125 per week salary (), was more than that of many human actors in the film, and also more than the average working American at the time. She attended the premiere of The Wizard of Oz at Grauman's Chinese Theatre; because of the popularity of the film, her name was formally changed to Toto in 1942. She had 23 total film appearances, three of which were playing in theatres at the same time in the fall of 1939: The Wizard of Oz, The Women, and Bad Little Angel. Among the last ones was Tortilla Flat (1942), in which she was reunited with Oz director Victor Fleming and Frank Morgan, who played Professor Marvel and the Wizard. Terry's final film role was in Easy to Look At, released three weeks before her death. Terry died at age 11 in Hollywood on September 1, 1945, and was buried at Spitz's ranch in Studio City, Los Angeles. The grave was destroyed during the construction of the Ventura Freeway in 1958. On June 18, 2011, a permanent memorial for Terry was dedicated at the Hollywood Forever Cemetery in Los Angeles. Filmography Ready for Love (1934) as Dog (uncredited) Bright Eyes (1934) as Rags, Loop's Dog (uncredited) The Dark Angel (1935) as Dog (uncredited) Fury (1936) as Rainbow, Joe's Dog (uncredited) The Buccaneer (1938) as Landlubber (uncredited) Barefoot Boy (1938) as herself Stablemates (1938) as Pet Dog (uncredited) The Wizard of Oz (1939) as Toto The Women (1939) as Fighting Dog at Beauty Shop (uncredited) Bad Little Angel (1939) as Rex, the Dog (uncredited) Calling Philo Vance (1940) as McTavish (uncredited) The Ghost Comes Home (1940) as Dog in Pet Shop (uncredited) Son of the Navy (1940) as Terry Cinderella's Feller (1940 short) as Rex the Dog (uncredited) The Old Swimmin Hole (1940) as Toto", "title": "Terry (dog)" } ]	[ { "docid": "2695914", "text": "King Pastoria is a fictional character mentioned in the Oz books by American author L. Frank Baum. He was the rightful ruler and King of the undiscovered Land of Oz, but was mysteriously removed from his position when the Wizard of Oz unexpectedly came to the country and took the throne, proclaiming himself as the new dominant ruler of Oz. Shortly after, Pastoria's only child and heir, Princess Ozma, suddenly vanished, leaving not a single clue of her whereabouts. Eventually in the second Oz book The Marvelous Land of Oz (1904) (where Pastoria's past is first mentioned in detail), Glinda the Good finally finds Ozma, who was transformed by the evil witch Mombi into a boy, preventing anyone from recognizing her and thus allowing Mombi to ascend to the throne. Glinda forces Mombi to undo this curse and Ozma was established back in her place as the official child Queen of Oz. Original appearance Baum actually created the character of Pastoria for the 1902 stage musical, The Wizard of Oz, freely adapted from his book. At the start of that play, King Pastoria II has been banished from Oz and is working as a street car conductor in America with a waitress girlfriend named Trixie Tryfle. By the second act, Pastoria is restored to his Emerald City throne and orders all who allied with the Wizard (including the four classic protagonists) to be executed for treason. Of course the four characters and the Wizard each escape. Nothing of the stage character but his name made it into Baum's books. The classic books by L. Frank Baum He is mentioned as \"dead and gone\" by the Scarecrow in The Marvelous Land of Oz, though there is no narrational confirmation. This novel, which was the sequel to Baum's The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, also describes Princess Ozma as \"the only child of the former Ruler of Oz, and was entitled to rule in his place.\" L. Frank Baum's fourth Oz book, Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz, chronicles that Pastoria's father (Ozma's grandfather) ruled Oz before the wicked witches conquered the land and divided it among themselves, but makes it unclear as to whether Pastoria himself ruled Oz. Ozma explains in this book that all Ozian rulers were named \"Oz\" if male and \"Ozma\" if female; the fact that her father had a personal name makes it questionable as to whether he had the chance to actually rule as King, before being captured by Mombi. In any event, both Pastoria and his father became slaves of Mombi, the erstwhile Wicked Witch of the North. Later books In The Magical Mimics in Oz (1946), Jack Snow wrote that Pastoria had adopted Ozma as a baby fairy. This explains why the series contains no mention of her mother. In The Lost King of Oz (1925), Ruth Plumly Thompson built her plot around a quest for Pastoria. Mombi had enchanted him in the form of Tora the Tired Tailor with no memory of his true", "title": "Pastoria" }, { "docid": "3118643", "text": "Uncle Henry is a fictional character from The Oz Books by L. Frank Baum. He is the uncle of Dorothy Gale and husband of Aunt Em, and lived with them on a farm in Kansas. Oz Books After their house was famously carried off to the Land of Oz by a tornado in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, Henry mortgaged his farm in order to rebuild. This crisis, combined with the stress of Dorothy's prolonged disappearance and sudden reappearance, took a toll on his health, and his doctor ordered him to take a vacation. He took Dorothy with him on an ocean voyage to Australia, where he had relatives, but during this trip (in Ozma of Oz) Dorothy was lost again during a storm, and for several weeks a despondent Henry believed she had drowned, until she suddenly returned again, courtesy of the Nome King's Magic Belt. In The Emerald City of Oz, Henry and Em finally confessed to Dorothy the extent of their financial problems, and revealed to her that their farm was on the verge of foreclosure. Dorothy solved this problem for them by bringing them to live with her in the Emerald City, as permanent guests of Princess Ozma. Henry was given the job of being Keeper of the Jewels in Ozma's treasure hoard for the purpose of keeping him occupied. Unlike Em, who is questioning everything about the Land of Oz, Henry accepts his new life and home with surprising ease, having traveled and seen the world a lot more than his wife had. By Glinda of Oz, he has become one of Ozma's closest advisers, having taught his agricultural abilities to Ozite farmers, getting them producing surplus for the Emerald City storehouses. Henry has been featured slightly more than Em in the Oz books, despite being less featured than she in the film, The Wizard of Oz (1939). Ruth Plumly Thompson gave him only two brief mentions, in The Royal Book of Oz and Grampa in Oz. He had somewhat larger roles in John R. Neill's The Wonder City of Oz and The Scalawagons of Oz, Jack Snow's The Magical Mimics in Oz, and Eric Shanower's The Giant Garden of Oz. Other media Frank Alexander portrayed him as a villain in Larry Semon's Wizard of Oz. In MGM's 1939 musical adaptation The Wizard of Oz, Uncle Henry is played by Charley Grapewin. Hickory (Tin Man's alter ego) addresses Aunt Em as \"Mrs. Gale\" just before she offers crullers to the three farmhands, and Hunk (Scarecrow's alter ego) does so just afterward. The name \"Gale\" appears on the mailbox and Miss Almira Gulch (Wicked Witch's alter ego) addresses him as \"Mr. Gale\". Baum however, never gives Uncle Henry's surname in his books, nor indicates whether Henry or Em is Dorothy's blood relative. It is also possible that \"Aunt\" and \"Uncle\" are affectionate terms of a foster family and that Dorothy is not related to either of them. In this film, Uncle Henry and Aunt Em are", "title": "Uncle Henry" }, { "docid": "5763542", "text": "The Wizard of Oz was a 1902 musical extravaganza based on the 1900 novel The Wonderful Wizard of Oz by L. Frank Baum. Although Baum is the credited bookwriter, Glen MacDonough was hired on as jokewriter after Baum had finished the script, and the book was largely ghostwritten by a man named Finnegan. Much of the original music was by Paul Tietjens and has been mostly lost, although it was still well-remembered and in discussion at MGM in 1939 when the classic film version of the story was made. The original show was particularly popular because of its two comedy stars: Fred Stone playing the Scarecrow, and David C. Montgomery as the Tin Woodman. The show premiered at the Chicago Grand Opera House on June 16, 1902 and then went on tour throughout the upper Midwest before moving to the Majestic Theatre on Broadway on January 21, 1903, where it ran for 293 performances through October 3. A second company was established, and the show went on tour from September 1903 through March 1904 before returning to the Majestic with an updated \"Edition De Luxe\". This version played through May and then moved on to the New York Theater for three weeks before returning to Chicago for a five-week run to finish the season. The two companies toured the country from August 1904 to April 1905, and again from September 1905 to May 1906. By this time, demand had slowed and the second company was disbanded on February 28, 1906. The main \"Company A\" had one final tour from August to November 1906 before the rights were sold to Hurtig and Seamon. The new production resumed the tour through May 1907, and continued for the 1907–08 and 1908–09 seasons. Finally, the show was released to stock theater companies in 1911. The show's history is covered in more than 100 pages of the book Oz Before the Rainbow: L. Frank Baum's 'The Wonderful Wizard of Oz' on stage and screen to 1939 by Mark Evan Swartz. Characters and original cast In order of appearance, the 1902 Chicago cast consisted of: There were several major character changes from the original book: Dorothy Gale's surname was introduced in the show. She had no name in the original book, but the surname is mentioned in Ozma of Oz (1907). Imogene the Cow replaces Dorothy's dog Toto. The Good Witch of the North causes a snowfall which defeats the spell of the poppies that had put Dorothy and the Cowardly Lion to sleep – this idea was later used in the classic 1939 movie. The role of the Cowardly Lion was reduced to a bit part, mostly to add humor. The Tin Woodman is called Niccolo Chopper. In the book he had no name, but would be called Nick Chopper in the sequels. The Wicked Witch of the West is mentioned but does not appear in this version. New characters in the piece are King Pastoria II and his girlfriend Trixie Tryfle (a waitress), Cynthia", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1902 musical)" }, { "docid": "4210812", "text": "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, also known as The Wizard of Oz, is a 1910 American silent fantasy film and the earliest surviving film version of L. Frank Baum's 1900 novel The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. The film was made by the Selig Polyscope Company without Baum's direct input. It was created to fulfill a contractual obligation associated with Baum's personal bankruptcy caused by the failure of his theatrical production The Fairylogue and Radio-Plays. It was partly based on the 1902 stage musical The Wizard of Oz, though much of the film deals with the Wicked Witch of the West, who does not appear in the musical. It was the beginning of a series of film sequels, also released in 1910 and based on Baum's books, but the sequels are thought to be lost films. Plot Dorothy Gale (Bebe Daniels) and Imogene the Cow are chased by Hank the Mule. Dorothy runs to the cornfield and discovers that the family Scarecrow (Robert Leonard) is alive. They realize a cyclone is approaching, so they all hide in a haystack. Dorothy and Toto, Hank, Imogene, and the Scarecrow are all swept to the Land of Oz, where soldiers get scared away by the Witch Momba (Winifred Greenwood), who attacks the Wizard of Oz (Hobart Bosworth) due to his threat to her reign. As Dorothy plays with Toto, the good Witch Glinda (Olive Cox) changes Toto into a real protector. Dorothy then encounters the Cowardly Lion, and they encounter the Rusty Woodman and oil his joints. The children meet Eureka the Cat. The Witch kidnaps and imprisons the children. Dorothy throws water on the Witch Momba, killing her and allowing the gang to rescue the animals. Dorothy and her friends arrive at the Emerald City. The citizens dance, and the Scarecrow reads a note that says the Wizard has declared him king, and the whole thing ends in a celebratory dance. Cast The credits to the film list Hobart Bosworth, Eugenie Besserer, Robert Leonard, Bebe Daniels, Winifred Greenwood, Lillian Leighton and Olive Cox as the performers, and Otis Turner as director. The cast list does not indicate which characters each credited actor portrayed. In his book Oz Before the Rainbow: L. Frank Baum's The Wonderful Wizard of Oz Stage and Screen to 1939, Oz scholar Mark Evan Swartz concludes that Daniels, who was eight or nine years old at the time of filming, played Dorothy, and that Bosworth and Leonard likely played the Scarecrow and Tin Woodman, respectively. He takes no position on the rest of the cast assignments. Production history The character Imogene the Cow did not appear in the novel. She replaced Toto the dog in the stage musical. Many of the costumes and much of the make-up in this film, though not the Tin Woodman's, resemble those used in the 1902 Broadway musical, The Wizard of Oz. None of the songs in the stage show were sung in the famous 1939 film. The presence of Eureka the kitten is drawn", "title": "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1910 film)" }, { "docid": "28468572", "text": "Ted Eshbaugh (February 5, 1906 – July 4, 1969) was an American animation filmmaker, best known as one of the first filmmakers to experiment with color sound cartoons in the early 1930s, which included Goofy Goat and The Wizard of Oz. Early life Eshbaugh was born in Des Moines, Iowa on February 4, 1906 to Edwin F. and Zada (Kinear) Eshbaugh. Ted's father worked in the farm insurance business and was transferred to Sioux City when Ted was about two years old. Eshbaugh won a scholarship for the Chicago Art Institute at age 7, and later on he won another at the Boston Art Museum. The Los Angeles City Directory of 1923 lists Ted as an artist living with his widowed mother. Career Los Angeles Studio Eshbaugh had spent the late 20s and early 30s in Los Angeles experimenting with color cartoons with business tycoon J.R. Booth, whom he met at the Boston Art Museum, and Multicolor, a color film processor evolved from the Prizma Color system. When Eshbaugh perfected the cartoon process, he started an independent studio and employed multiple artists in 1931 to help make cartoons featuring this process, including budding animators Pete Burness and Jack Zander. The result of this was Goofy Goat, which many historians have debated to be the first color sound cartoon released in the United States. Premiered in March 1932 at Loew's State, it was originally meant to be the first of a series of thirteen cartoons, which ultimately did not pan out. That said, Eshbaugh's cost-effective color process did lay the foundation for processes of other two-color cartoons throughout the 30s, namely ones using the Cinecolor process which Multicolor ultimately folded into. Later in 1931, Eshbaugh and Booth used the Multicolor process to try kickstarting a series of cartoons called \"Musicolor Fantasies\", and collaborated with the Technicolor Corporation in hopes to produce another series of full-color cartoons based on the Wizard of Oz novel. These efforts did not pan out either, and the latter turned out to be tumultuous in the long run. Rights were secured for the Wizard of Oz cartoons from Col. Frank Baum, son of the novel's author L. Frank Baum, and production went underway, however Technicolor had signed an exclusive deal with Walt Disney to utilize the three-color process being used for the Oz shorts, which ultimately shut down releases of Eshbaugh's cartoon series. Only one cartoon was finished out of each of Eshbaugh's proposed Oz and Fantasies cartoon series, The Wizard of Oz and The Snowman. Issues about the production of Oz were taken to Federal Court, where Baum restrained Eshbaugh and Technicolor from releasing the cartoon, citing reasons as failure to meet deadlines. Van Beuren Studio In 1934, when Burt Gillett was hired from Disney to upgrade the product of the cartoon division of the Van Beuren Studio in New York, Eshbaugh was recruited to help direct the Rainbow Parades, a series of color cartoons started to compete with Walt Disney's Silly Symphony cartoons. Because Disney", "title": "Ted Eshbaugh" }, { "docid": "30188943", "text": "The Wizard of Oz is a musical commissioned by The Muny (St. Louis Municipal Opera) based on the 1900 novel The Wonderful Wizard of Oz by L. Frank Baum and the 1939 film, The Wizard of Oz, using the film's songs by Harold Arlen and E. Y. Harburg. The book of the musical is by Frank Gabrielson, who would later write an adaptation of The Marvelous Land of Oz (1960) for Shirley Temple. The musical was first presented in 1942 at The Muny and has been revived many times since, both by The Muny and by other companies. Background The Wizard of Oz was first turned into a musical extravaganza by L. Frank Baum himself. It was a loose adaptation of Baum's 1900 novel that had no Wicked Witch, Toto, magic slippers or yellow brick road, but had several new characters and subplots. It first played in Chicago in 1902 and was a success on Broadway the following year. It then toured for seven years. Other early stage and film adaptations of the novel followed, including a 1925 film. The 1939 film adaptation of the novel bore a closer resemblance to the novel's storyline than previous versions. It was a critical success and won the Academy Awards for best song and best score. Synopsis Act I A teenage girl, Dorothy, lives on a farm in dreary Kansas with her Uncle Henry and Aunt Em dreaming of faraway places (\"Over The Rainbow\"). One day the farmhouse, with Dorothy inside, is swept off by a tornado to Munchkin land in the Land of Oz. The falling house kills the cruel ruler of the Munchkins, the Wicked Witch of the East. The Munchkins and the Sorceress of the North greet Dorothy (\"Ding-Dong! The Witch Is Dead\" and \"Munchkinland\"). The Sorceress tells Dorothy that she will have to go to the Emerald City to ask the great Wizard of Oz to help her return home. The Wicked Witch of the West, sister of the late Wicked Witch of the East, vows revenge upon Dorothy. Dorothy meets the Scarecrow and the Tin Woodman. The Scarecrow wants to get a brain, and the Tin Woodman needs a heart (\"If I Only Had a Brain\"/\"If I Only Had a Heart\"). Dorothy suggests that the Wizard can help them too (\"We're Off to See the Wizard\"). They then meet the Cowardly Lion (\"If I Only Had the Nerve\"). The four friends travel down the yellow brick road, having been warned of the lions, tigers, bears and the fantastical jitterbugs who are controlled by the Wicked Witch. When the jitterbugs attack, Dorothy appeals to the Sorceress of the North, who freezes the jitterbugs (\"The Jitterbug\"). Act II The friends finally reach the Emerald City, where they meet Lord Growlie, his daughter Gloria and the Royal Army of Oz. Lord Growlie warns that if someone bothers the Wizard with a foolish request, he may destroy them. Gloria leads Dorothy and friends on a tour (\"The Merry Old Land of Oz\"),", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1942 musical)" }, { "docid": "5651231", "text": "\"If I Were King of the Forest\" is a song from the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz, with music by Harold Arlen and lyrics by E.Y. Harburg. The comic number is sung by the Cowardly Lion played by Bert Lahr during the scene at the Emerald City, when the Lion, Dorothy (with Toto), Tin Woodman and Scarecrow are waiting to learn whether the Wizard will grant them an audience. Lahr employs a spoken interlude during the number, in which the rest of the group ask him how he would deal with other powerful animals if he were king, for example: Supposin’ you met an elephant? I'd wrap him up in cellophant! The song contains the line \"What makes the Hottentot so Hot?\" a phrase that refers to the Khoikhoi tribe of Africa. Two portions of the song were cut for reasons of time: a brief middle stanza in which the other characters echo the verse that preceded it and Lahr first proclaims himself \"Monarch of all I survey\" (a line repeated later in the song), and the final stanza which ended with the Lion proclaiming \"If I...were...king!\" (two versions were recorded: one where Lahr himself unsuccessfully tries to hit the high note on the final word, and instead does so in his character's trademark growl; the other has the final high note powerfully delivered by soprano Georgia Stark, who was paid $25 for her involvement). The complete version of the song can be heard on the deluxe 1995 soundtrack release from Rhino Records, along with the less extensive single-disc release. Additionally, the complete version was used for the 1996 soundtrack recording of The Wizard of Oz in Concert: Dreams Come True, also from Rhino. In this version, Nathan Lane (who performs as the Lion) has an addition to the lyrics which is \"Not queen, not duke, not prince...or the Artist Formerly known as Prince\". The song has been used in several of the stage versions of The Wizard of Oz. In addition, Tom Hardy sings it while playing the title role of Al Capone in the 2020 biopic film Capone. See also Musical selections in The Wizard of Oz The Merry Old Land of Oz The Jitterbug (deleted song) Further reading Sherman, Fraser A. The Wizard of Oz Catalog. McFarland and Company, 2005. Swartz, Mark Evan. \"Oz Before the Rainbow: L. Frank Baum's 'The Wonderful Wizard of Oz' on Stage and Screen to 1939\". The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000 References External links Production and synopsis listing, Tams-Witmark Production and plot (RSC Version) at guidetomusicaltheatre.com 1939 songs Songs from The Wizard of Oz Songs with lyrics by Yip Harburg Songs with music by Harold Arlen", "title": "If I Were King of the Forest" }, { "docid": "40477581", "text": "\"Wizard of Odd\" is the 56th broadcast episode of the second season of the animated television series Phineas and Ferb and the 103rd broadcast episode overall. It was originally broadcast on Disney Channel on September 24, 2010. In this episode, Mom says that Phineas and Ferb have to clean the house and she asks Candace to help, but she refuses and instead reads the book Mom gives her, The Wizard of Oz. Phineas and Ferb spin the house and spray it with a hose, but they spin the house too fast and accidentally knock Candace out, sending her into a Wizard of Oz-esque dream world. She journeys to \"Bustopolis\" under the impression the world is a simulation created by her brothers, but soon discovers that evil forces are attempting to get the boots that have grown on her feet. Plot Candace falls asleep while reading the Wizard of Oz. Candace is greeted by \"Patchkins\" (Fireside Girls) who tell her that she squashed Suzy and her boots. The Good Witch (Isabella) gives the boots to Candace, although Doofenwarlock (Doofenshmirtz) wants them. Candace wonders how to bust her brothers and the Good Witch tells her to use the yellow sidewalk before she floats away. Candace and Perry run into Baljeet, a \"nerd crow\" who wants to be cool and Candace lets him go to Bustopolis. Candace flirts with a tree (Jeremy) and lets him come along. They run into an animal that is a mix of a lion, tiger, and bear (Buford). Candace asks about his wish, and even though he doesn't want anything, he goes with the group. Doofenwarlock captures Candace and Perry so he can take the red rubber boots. Perry easily gets out of his trap and asks the fairy (Major Monogram) to save Candace. Candace throws a bucket of water onto Doofenwarlock's clothes and the group escapes as the guards are singing. The group arrives in Bustopolis, where the wizard (Linda Flynn-Fletcher) gives Baljeet \"cool\" sunglasses, Buford gets a ham sandwich, and Jeremy learns that he was merely wearing a tree costume. Doofenwarlock gets the boots, but gets hit by a house. Candace asks Mom as the wizard to bust the boys, but Mom says that what the boys were doing sounds like fun and Candace should have joined them. The dream ends, and Candace is back on her bed. Production This episode was produced in 2009. In 2011, background painter Jill Daniels and background designer Brian Woods both won Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Individual Achievement in Animation for their contributions to this episode. In Italy, this episode was titled \"Divertiti Candace\", Germany titled \"Der Zauberer von Spotz\", and Poland titled \"Czarnoksiężnik\" which all aired this episode before the United States. This episode has some of the most songs of any episode and is the second where all are sung by a character onscreen following \"Dude, We're Getting the Band Back Together\". Reception Ratings This episode had 3.1 million viewers, the most since \"Phineas and Ferb: Summer", "title": "Wizard of Odd" }, { "docid": "19981037", "text": "The Wizard of Oz is a 1993 platform video game released for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System and loosely based on the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz. Developed by Manley & Associates, it was published by SETA Corporation and released in North America in 1993 and in Europe in 1994. The player assumes the role of Dorothy, the Scarecrow, the Tin Man, or the Cowardly Lion in a series of levels containing hidden areas, mazes, and puzzles to bring Glinda's magic ruby slippers to the Wizard of Oz. Upon its release, it received generally positive reviews for its graphics, challenge, and playable female heroine. Retrospective coverage, however, has been negative including ranking on lists of the worst games of all time. Criticisms include poor collision detection, controls, weak character attacks, and mishandling of the source material. Gameplay The Wizard of Oz is a side-scrolling platformer that mixes action, adventure, and puzzle video game styles. It consists of four worlds, each having levels that contain warp zones, mazes, secret areas, and puzzles. It includes many of the settings from the 1990 Wizard of Oz animated series by DIC Entertainment. In a total of 31 levels, the player obtains six tickets from each country to open the Emerald City's four gates and complete the game. Bricks are collected to fill gaps with bridges to enter the next country. The warp zones contain special items that are harder to obtain in other areas. To enter a puzzle stage, the player collects Toto's snack bones throughout a level. Puzzle levels include \"Scrambled Concentration\" where Toto must match three icons; \"Toto vs\" where Toto has to get to the \"End\" emerald while dodging enemies like mice and lobsters; \"Follow the Path\" where the player is forced to move on set arrow tiles to get Toto to the \"End\" emerald; \"Lemon Drop Elimination\", where Toto rolls two dice and must choose a number tile that is the sum of the numbers on the dice; and a word game where Toto has to enter out a phrase. Jewel icons can be collected to give any character the ability to shoot three jewels per icon in an upward or downward angle, and characters can be changed during gameplay by pressing the select button. Players can assume the role of any of the four characters with different abilities; the game starts the player with Dorothy, who must rescue the other characters along the way. Each character has a different attack; Dorothy has a kick and a wand that can be powered up with bubbles and shooting stars; the Scarecrow strikes with a pitchfork and scares away crow enemies; the Tin Man has a low-kick and a high ax chop; and the Cowardly Lion attacks with his claws. Each protagonist also has special methods of maneuvering through levels, as Dorothy can float in the air for a limited amount of time through obtaining \"flying slippers\"; the straw-made Scarecrow can trudge through mud and stand on thin branches; the Lion", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1993 video game)" }, { "docid": "48453813", "text": "The Wizard of Oz is an illustrated interactive fiction game developed by and published by Windham Classics for the Apple II, Commodore 64, MS-DOS and MSX in 1985. It is an adaptation of the books The Wonderful Wizard of Oz and The Marvelous Land of Oz. Summary The game is a traditional text-based adventure where players assume the role of Dorothy, and interact with the characters, world, and objects from the books through text commands. The game includes the familiar Tin Woodman, Scarecrow and Cowardly Lion from the first book, along with Jack Pumpkinhead, the Sawhorse, Mombi and Tip from the second book. Reception The Wizard of Oz was positively received by the press. II Computing said that \"a good parser makes it easy to have believable dialogues\" with the characters, and observed, \"The on-screen illustrations are not flashy. They utilize the Apple's graphics well, but in a way that appears more like a children's storybook than an epic cartoon novel. This, of course, is the way you would want such a story to be told.\" Ahoy! described the game as \"a good introduction to adventuring for any novice gamer,\" saying that \"there's little danger of getting in a jam that defies the player's skill.\" Still, \"advanced adventurers won't find enough here to challenge their abilities.\" Commodore Power Play complimented the game's parser, saying that \"it has a larger vocabulary and understands prepositions and other parts of speech not recognized by some other games... You can 'talk about' a topic to a character, 'tell' them about something, 'ask' questions, and even inquire 'now what?' for a clue.\" References External links The Wizard of Oz at MobyGames 1980s interactive fiction 1985 video games Apple II games Commodore 64 games DOS games Interactive fiction based on works MSX games Single-player video games Video games about witchcraft Video games based on The Wonderful Wizard of Oz Video games developed in the United States Video games featuring female protagonists", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1985 video game)" }, { "docid": "20078038", "text": "The Giant Garden of Oz is a novel written and illustrated by Eric Shanower, first published in 1993 by Emerald City Press, a division of Books of Wonder. As its title indicates, the novel is a volume in the ever-growing literature in the Oz series, written by L. Frank Baum and many successors. Synopsis Temporally, Shanower places his novel at the end of the twentieth century; he takes up the story of Uncle Henry and Aunt Em, the surrogate parents of Dorothy Gale. In his sixth Oz book, The Emerald City of Oz, Baum had brought the two characters from the mundane world of Kansas to the Emerald City, where they enjoyed a blissful retirement. At the start of The Giant Garden of Oz, the couple, \"after eighty-some years of a life of luxury,\" have decided to return to farming. (Inhabitants of Oz do not age, unless they want to.) They have acquired a small farm in the Munchkin Country; with magical aids designed by the Wizard of Oz, their farm labor is much less demanding than in the Kansas of their past. Dorothy comes to pay her first visit to the new farm — but encounters an unprecedented problem. Overnight, the couple's vegetable garden grows to enormous size, with giant beets, broccoli, peppers, and watermelons, and heads of cabbage twenty feet high. The farmhouse is hemmed in by a vegetable wall. Dorothy sets out for the Emerald City, climbing a landscape of mountainous produce. Outside the garden, she crosses the Munchkin Country and meets new friends, principally a white-and-purple cow named Imogene, who gives varying dairy products depending upon her mood: In a crisis, Imogene can yield a healing golden milk; and in the course of the tale, she gives whipped cream and ice cream too. (Imogene the cow originated in The Wizard of Oz, the 1902 stage adaptation of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz.) Imogene talks Dorothy into accepting her companionship (the cow wants to see the Emerald City). With the help of the Wizard, Dorothy begins to unravel the mystery of the giant garden, and to follow the trail of a would-be witch called Old Magda who is its cause. The task isn't easy; the trio endure a thunderstorm and a near-crash-landing during a balloon flight. Magda created a giantism potion to make her gardening more productive and her life easier — but lost control of it; giant moles, eating the giant vegetables, become a pest to all and sundry. Dorothy falls prey to giantism herself and endures a subterranean ordeal before she, the Wizard, and Princess Ozma resolve the problem and restore the normal order of Oz. In the end, Dorothy and her friends face a choice. They rescue Old Magda and Imogene the cow from being buried alive; then they learn that they can revive one or the other, but not both. Saving the old witch can lead to the antidote for Dorothy's giantism; but Dorothy finds she cannot allow her bovine companion to die.", "title": "The Giant Garden of Oz" }, { "docid": "54434", "text": "The Wizard of Oz is a 1939 American MGM film starring Judy Garland based on the L. Frank Baum novel. The Wizard of Oz also commonly refers to: The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, the 1900 American novel by L. Frank Baum sometimes reprinted as The Wizard of Oz upon which the 1939 film is based Wizard of Oz (character), in the Baum novel series and adaptations thereof The Wizard of Oz may also refer to: Adaptations of the novel Film The Wizard of Oz (1925 film), an American silent film directed by Larry Semon The Wizard of Oz (1933 film), a Canadian animated short directed by Ted Eshbaugh The Wizard of Oz (1982 film), an anime feature film from Japan Television and video The Wizard of Oz (1950 film), a half-hour television adaptation The Wizard of Oz (TV series), a 1990 American animated series Musicals and concerts The Wizard of Oz (1902 musical), by L. Frank Baum, Paul Tietjens and others The Wizard of Oz (1942 musical), commissioned by the St. Louis Municipal Opera The Wizard of Oz (1987 musical), adapted by the Royal Shakespeare Company The Wizard of Oz, a 2004 musical directed by David Fleeshman The Wizard of Oz (2011 musical), by Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice Gaming The Wizard of Oz (1985 video game), an illustrated text adventure game The Wizard of Oz (1993 video game), an SNES game The Wizard of Oz: Beyond the Yellow Brick Road, a 2008 Nintendo DS game The Wizard of Oz (arcade game), a game that awards tokens redeemable for prizes The Wizard of Oz, a slot machine from WMS Gaming The Wizard of Oz (pinball), a pinball machine from Jersey Jack gaming People nicknamed \"Wizard of Oz\" Ozzie Smith (born 1954), American baseball player Quinten Hann (born 1977), Australian snooker player Simon Whitlock (born 1969), Australian darts player The reigning champion of the Oz Academy Openweight Championship Other uses Wizard of Oz experiment, a type of research experiment The Wizard of Oz (album), a cast recording of the 2001 Australian production of the stage musical The Wizard of Oz See also Wizards of Oz, Australian jazz ensemble with Dale Barlow, Paul Grabowski, Lloyd Swanton, Tony Buck Meco Plays The Wizard of Oz, a 1978 album by Meco Wizard of Ahhhs, a 2007 album by Black Kids The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (disambiguation)", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (disambiguation)" }, { "docid": "20204538", "text": "The Unknown Witches of Oz: Locasta and the Three Adepts is a 2000 novel written by Dave Hardenbrook, with illustrations by Kerry Rouleau. The publication of The Unknown Witches of Oz was timed to coincide with the centennial of the original Oz book, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (as was also true of Gina Wickwar's The Hidden Prince of Oz and Edward Einhorns's Paradox in Oz). Hardenbrook's novel is the first volume of a planned trilogy. The witches Locasta is the name that Baum provided his Good Witch of the North in his 1902 dramatization of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. The Three Adepts are characters that Baum introduced in his final Oz book, Glinda of Oz — though Hardenbrook changes their names and particulars, making them Locasta's granddaughters. The plot Locasta, the Good Witch of the North, is forced out of Oz by the evil witch Mombi. Locasta solicits help to return to Oz, from a boy named Dan, a sixteen-year-old orphan she meets at the Los Angeles Public Library. Back in Oz, she learns that the land is in danger of conquest by a constellation of evil forces, including the Nome King, a genie named Taarna, and the demons and witches of Whaqoland. Locasta joins with Glinda and Princess Ozma, and the Adepts, to foil the villains and restore the moral order. In a notable departure from the practice of earlier writers on Oz, Hardenbrook creates a teenaged protagonist as a romantic interest for Ozma. Conceptual frame Hardenbrook goes farther than many previous Oz authors in an attempt to provide a contemporary conceptual framework for the fictional world of Oz. In a Prologue titled \"The Story So Far,\" Hardenbrook specifies that Oz exists in a parallel universe, in \"a galaxy very like our own Milky Way\" with \"a star virtually identical to our sun....\" The star has \"a planet that corresponds to Earth\" — though it differs in possessing \"two extra moons and a polychromatic ring system....\" The planet contains continents and archipelagoes that include \"Dodgesonia\" and \"Geiselgea\" as well as \"Baumgea.\" Hardenbrook goes on to summarize the narrative background of the Oz mythos — the fairy queen Lurline and the whole scope and structure of magic, wizards and sorceresses crucial to Baum's fantasy — before he gets to his story in earnest. Tone Hardenbrook writes in a more modern and ironic vein than the traditional Oz authors did; he describes Ozma as \"the only world leader with an unwavering one-hundred-percent job approval rating!\" His malevolent genie comes out of a spray can. Allusions to Bill Clinton, Rush Limbaugh, and environmentalism also occur. The author is a computer adept, and spices his story with elements of technology and virtual reality — Virtual Sprites and a Virtual Forest. References External links Hardenbrook's Mission Statement on his book, Archived from the original. Books based on The Wonderful Wizard of Oz 2000 fantasy novels 2000 American novels 2000 children's books", "title": "The Unknown Witches of Oz" }, { "docid": "35781092", "text": "Over the Rainbow is a Canadian reality talent competition, which premiered on CBC Television on September 16, 2012. Based on the 2010 series Over the Rainbow in the United Kingdom, the series auditioned aspiring musical theatre performers for the role of Dorothy for a Toronto production of Andrew Lloyd Webber's stage musical adaptation of The Wizard of Oz. The series was hosted by Daryn Jones. Arlene Phillips, Thom Allison, and Louise Pitre served as judges alongside Webber. The competition began with a Dorothy \"boot camp\" run by Lloyd Webber, which trained contestants and eliminated all but 10 finalists. Following a public telephone vote on 4 November 2012, 20-year-old Danielle Wade was chosen as Dorothy to perform the role for Mirvish Productions in Toronto, which started on 20 December 2012. Wade has played several leading roles in student and community theatre and is an acting major at the University of Windsor. The judges praised her as \"a consistently solid performer with a big voice and girl-next-door likeability and charm\". The show also auditioned Canadian dogs for the part of Toto. CBC and Weber did not restrict the breed of Toto to Cairn Terrier (as used in the 1939 film), but instead searched for a dog that embodies the spirit of Toto: One that is a \"bright fun loving companion full of energy and charisma\". The winner was a small mixed breed dog named Linzy, that looks similar to the film's Toto, owned by Reta Thompson. However, Linzy did not appear in the stage production. Finalists Ten contestants made it through the audition rounds and performed during the live shows. * at the start of the series Results summary Live shows The live shows saw the finalists eliminated one by one following both individual and group performances. At the end of every live show, the losing Dorothy would have her shoes stripped by the Dorothy who survived the sing-off, and the shoes would be given to Lloyd Webber (week 1) and Phillips (weeks 2-7). Week 1 Following the first week of the competition, Kelsey was the first Dorothy to be eliminated from the competition. The show performances were: Group performances: \"Follow the Yellow Brick Road\" (from the musical The Wizard of Oz) \"One\" (from the musical A Chorus Line) Sing-Off Week 2 The show performances were: Group performances: \"Ding-Dong! The Witch Is Dead\" (from the musical The Wizard of Oz) \"Defying Gravity\" (from the musical Wicked) Sing-Off Week 3 The show performances were: Group performances: \"The Merry Old Land of Oz\" (from the musical The Wizard of Oz) \"Anything You Can Do\" (from the musical Annie Get Your Gun) Sing-Off Week 4 The show performances were: Group performances: \"If I Only Had a Part\" (from the musical The Wizard of Oz) \"I Enjoy Being a Girl\" (from the musical Flower Drum Song) Sing-Off Week 5 The show performances were: Group performances: \"Don't Rain on My Parade\" (from the musical Funny Girl) \"Mamma Mia! Medley\" with Louise Pitre Sing-Off Week 6 The show", "title": "Over the Rainbow (Canadian TV series)" }, { "docid": "178250", "text": "Raymond Wallace Bolger (; January 10, 1904 – January 15, 1987) was an American actor, dancer, singer, vaudevillian, and stage performer (particularly musical theater) who started his movie career in the silent-film era. Bolger was a major Broadway performer in the 1930s and beyond. He is best known for his roles in The Wizard of Oz (1939) as the Scarecrow and in Walt Disney's holiday musical fantasy Babes in Toyland in 1961 as the villainous Barnaby. Bolger was the host of The Ray Bolger Show on TV from 1953 to 1955, originally titled Where's Raymond? Early life Raymond Wallace Bolger was born at 598 Second St., South Boston, Massachusetts, into a Catholic family of Irish descent. He was the son of James Edward Bolger and Anne C. née Wallace. His father, James, was first generation American of Irish descent, who was born in Fall River, Massachusetts. Bolger's mother \"Annie,\" was born into a large Irish-American family in Bridgewater, Massachusetts. Bolger grew up and attended school in the Codman Square section of the Dorchester neighborhood of Boston. After graduating from high school, he worked at a peanut company, as a bank messenger, and for the New England Mutual Life Insurance Company before finding his way to vaudeville on Broadway in The Passing Show of 1926. Career Early career His entertainment aspirations evolved from the vaudeville shows of his youth. He began his career in a vaudeville tap show, creating the act \"Sanford & Bolger\" with his dance partner. In 1926, he danced at New York City's legendary Palace Theatre, the premier vaudeville theatre in the United States. His limber body and improvisational dance movements won him many leading roles on Broadway in the 1930s. Eventually, his career also encompassed film, television, and nightclub work. In 1932 he was elected to the theater club The Lambs and performed on opening night at Radio City Music Hall in December 1932. After starring in Richard Rodgers' first stage production of On Your Toes in 1936, in which he played the male lead Junior, as well as the hero of theSlaughter on Tenth Avenue ballet within the musical, Bolger signed his first cinema contract with MGM in 1936, and although The Wizard of Oz was early in his film career, he appeared in other movies of note. His best known pre-Oz appearance was The Great Ziegfeld (1936), in which he portrayed himself. He also appeared in Sweethearts (1938), the first MGM film in Technicolor, starring Nelson Eddy and Jeanette MacDonald. He also appeared in the Eleanor Powell vehicle Rosalie (1937), which also starred Eddy and Frank Morgan. The Wizard of Oz Bolger's MGM contract stipulated that he would play any part the studio chose. However, he was unhappy when he was originally cast as the Tin Woodman in the studio's 1939 feature-film adaptation of The Wizard of Oz. The role of the Scarecrow had already been assigned to another dancing, studio-contract player, Buddy Ebsen. In time, the roles were shuffled around. Bolger's face was permanently", "title": "Ray Bolger" }, { "docid": "8732124", "text": "Colin Osborne (born 19 June 1975) is an English professional darts player who plays in Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events. In 2009, he won the Championship League and reached the final of the UK Open. Darts career Osborne has won two PDC Pro Tour events and he also managed to hit two perfect nine-dart finishes in 2005. The first one of these came in the Players Championship in the Isle of Wight and a second one followed at the non-televised qualifying rounds for the 2005 World Matchplay. On his World Championship debut in 2007, Osborne reached the quarter-finals where he was beaten 5–4 by Andy Jenkins. This great performance was followed by an even better one at the 2007 UK Open, where he beat Michael van Gerwen and Mervyn King as he reached the semi-final only to be beaten 11–10 in a thriller against Vincent van der Voort. He followed this success with victory against James Wade in Las Vegas, only to lose to Peter Manley in the second round. Osborne suffered a surprising first round exit in the 2008 World Championship, losing 3–1 to Dutchman Erwin Extercatte. In the 2008 World Matchplay, he beat King in the first round, but then lost in the next round to Phil Taylor. Osborne was 10–0 down before finally winning a leg, eventually losing 13–5 with Taylor averaging 109. In the 2009 PDC World Championship, Osborne beat South Africa's Charles Losper 3–0 in the first round, before losing 4–1 to van der Voort in the second round. 2009 was a breakthrough year for Osborne, as he reached his first major final in the 2009 UK Open. Having beaten Raymond van Barneveld, Jamie Caven and Kevin Painter in the earlier rounds, he lost 11–6 to Taylor in the final. He also won the 2009 Championship League Darts, defeating Taylor 6–4 in the final, but a disappointing year in the other majors was compounded with a first-round loss to Simon Whitlock in the 2010 World Championship, a match that was dubbed \"The Battle of the Wizards\" due to both players being nicknamed 'The Wizard'. In 2010, Osborne reached the semi-finals of the Players Championship Finals before losing to King. At the Grand Slam of Darts, Osborne lost his opening group match to Robert Thornton before beating Whitlock and Dave Chisnall to qualify for the knockout stages. He lost 10–3 to Gary Anderson in the last 16. He then reached the third round of the 2011 World Championship, and was 3–2 up against van Barneveld before losing 4–3. Nickname Between 2005 and 2010, Osborne was nicknamed The Wizard, a reference to The Wizard of Oz. He has long been known on the circuit, most notably by commentator Sid Waddell as Ozzy, a reference to both The Wizard of Oz and to rock singer Ozzy Osbourne. Due to the latter, he used the song \"Paranoid\" by Ozzy's band Black Sabbath as his walk-on. In 2011, he officially changed his nickname to 'Ozzy', following the increasing prominence of", "title": "Colin Osborne" }, { "docid": "38116064", "text": "Christopher Scalzo (born 13 March 1990) is an Australian-born actor, singer and musical theater performer. He has been part of many major National and International musicals. In 2021, Scalzo was cast as Baby Doll in the Australian production of Moulin Rouge, directed by Alex Timbers and produced by Global Creatures. The production is set to open in September 2021 at the Regent Theatre, Melbourne. Scalzo was also cast in The Music of the Night alongside Debra Byrne showcasing the music of Andrew Lloyd Webber – a newly conceived concert production of Lloyd Webber's greatest hits, performed at Chapel Off Chapel. 2018 Australian Cast of Evita starring Tina Arena produced by Opera Australia at The Sydney Opera House. This production was a revival of the Original Broadway and Original West End Theatre Productions and was directed by Harold Prince, with music by Andrew Lloyd Webber and lyrics by Tim Rice. 2017 saw Scalzo touring Australia in Original Australian Cast of Green Day's American Idiot musical directed by Craig Illot. In 2016, Scalzo performed at The Hayes Theatre in Sydney in the role of Man 1 in Jason Robert Brown's Songs for a New World. The production was directed by Luke Joslin, and also starred Cameron Macdonald, Sophie Carter and Teagan Wouters. Personal life Born in Melbourne, Australia, Scalzo attended Wesley College and went on to study at The University of Melbourne. He left his studies at the university to accept at place at the NIDA (National Institute of Dramatic Art) in Sydney, Australia. He has also been a regular column writer on the Australian theatre website Aussie Theatre. Theatre In 2015, Scalzo was cast in the role of Angel Dumott Schunard in RENT. The production was directed by Shaun Rennie and co-produced by The Hayes Theatre Company and Highway Run Productions. The critically acclaimed production played an extended season. RENT also starred Casey Donovan, Laura Bunting, Loren Hunter as Mimi and Linden Furnell and Roger. In 2016, RENT played a return season, again selling out. Scalzo reprised the role of Angel, with new cast members included Angelique Cassimatis as Mimi and Chloe Zuel as Joanne. Scalzo also appeared in the international touring cast of the Tony Award-winning musical WICKED, The Untold Story of the Witches of Oz. Scalzo was heavily featured in the ensemble, as well as having understudied and performed the role of Boq. The tour completed two seasons in New Zealand (Auckland) and The Philippines (Manila) as well as a return season in Australia with a second national tour (Melbourne, Sydney, Brisbane and Perth). The Auckland and Manila seasons featured stars Suzie Mathers, Jemma Rix, Maggie Kirkpatrick and Jay Laga'aia as The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. The Australian tour featured stars Lucy Durack, Jemma Rix, Maggie Kirkpatrick and Reg Livermore as The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. For the Brisbane and Perth seasons, Glinda was played again by Suzie Mathers and The Wonderful Wizard of Oz by Simon Gallaher. Scalzo was also in the World premiere and Australian tour of", "title": "Chris Scalzo" }, { "docid": "23631135", "text": "Karl Becker (November 24, 1887 – December 28, 1968), billed as Charlie Becker, was a German American actor. He was 3'9\" in height, and is best known for appearing as the Mayor of Munchkinland in The Wizard of Oz (1939). Billy Bletcher dubbed the Mayor's vocals in the film. Biography Becker was born near Frankfurt, Germany in the town of Muschenheim. As a teenager, he worked as a butcher, but often struggled to use the knives and other equipment, and was ridiculed by his fellow workers. When he was about 19, he began performing in travelling \"midget shows\", and eventually joined the Singer Midgets, a famous troupe led by Leo Singer of Austria. The Singer Midgets moved to the United States during World War I, and became popular on the vaudeville circuits. Becker became friends with George Burns, Will Rogers, and other stars of the time. Becker appeared in a few films during the 1920s and 1930s. These included Spangles (1926), The Terror of Tiny Town (1938), and, most notably, The Wizard of Oz (1939), in which he played the Mayor of Munchkinland. He was chosen for the role because of his large belly, round face, and facial hair, which were thought to be mayoral features. Because of his thick German accent, however, his voice had to be dubbed. On the set of The Wizard of Oz, Becker met his future wife, Jessie Kelley, who played another Munchkin. She was originally from Mahaska, Kansas. The two married in 1940, moved to Washington, Kansas for a short time and later settled in California, where they sometimes worked as stand-ins for child actors. Later in his life, Becker opened his own sausage business. Becker died of a stroke in California at the end of 1968. His interment (and his wife's) was in Lone Tree Cemetery in Fairview, near Hayward. Some controversy emerged in 1984 when obituaries for the actor Prince Denis stated that he had played the Mayor of Munchkinland. In reality, Denis had played the Sergeant-at-Arms. Honours In 2007, all 124 Munchkin actors in Oz were honored with a Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. For Becker this was a posthumous honor. Seven surviving Munchkin actors attended the ceremony: Mickey Carroll, Ruth Duccini, Jerry Maren, Margaret Pellegrini, Meinhardt Raabe, Karl Slover and Clarence Swensen. Filmography His performances in All Over Town and The Wizard of Oz were uncredited. Notes References Stephen Cox. The Munchkins of Oz. Cumberland House Publishing. 2002. Jerry Maren and Stephen Cox. Short and Sweet: The Life and Times of the Lollipop Munchkin. Cumberland House Publishing, 2006. Meinhardt Raabe and Daniel Kinske. Memories of a Munchkin: An Illustrated Walk Down the Yellow Brick Road. Back Stage Books, 2005. External links 1887 births 1968 deaths Actors with dwarfism American actors with disabilities Emigrants from the German Empire to the United States Male actors from Hesse Vaudeville performers 20th-century American male actors People from Washington County, Kansas Burials at Lone Tree Cemetery (Fairview, California)", "title": "Charlie Becker" }, { "docid": "31909055", "text": "Off to See the Wizard is an American television anthology series, partially animated but mostly live action, produced by MGM Animation/Visual Arts and telecast on ABC-TV between 1967 and 1968 that was narrated by Hal Holbrook. History The series derived its name from the well-known song \"We're Off to See the Wizard\", featured in MGM's classic 1939 film The Wizard of Oz. Such was the popularity of the film among TV audiences by then that ABC decided to build an anthology series around it, a series which primarily showcased the first network telecasts of some of MGM's most popular recent live-action family films, much as Walt Disney had often showcased the first telecasts of his films on the Disney anthology television series. Animated versions of Dorothy Gale, Toto, the Scarecrow, the Tin Woodman, the Cowardly Lion, and the Wizard of Oz book-ended each episode of the series, often providing humorous introductions to the films. Chuck Jones, who provided the animation, served as executive producer. Two never-aired episodes consisted of a feature entitled High Jungle, which was scrapped after actor Eric Fleming drowned during filming. The series also used music from the famous MGM film. The opening credits featured an unseen chorus singing a stanza of \"Over the Rainbow\" and segued into Dorothy and her three friends singing \"We're Off to See the Wizard.\" Featured films The series ran only an hour, so full-length films had to be split into two parts, much as Disney used to do on its television anthology series. Film shown on the series in order of appearance include: Clarence, the Cross-Eyed Lion (1965) Flipper (1963) Alexander The Great filmed in 1963 with William Shatner, John Cassavetes and Adam West but never previously shown. Directed by Phil Karlson Hell Cats (a 1964 television pilot starring George Hamilton) Island of the Lost Lili (1953) Mike and the Mermaid (pilot) Rhino! The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1960) Gypsy Colt (1953) Untamed World Who's Afraid of Mother Goose? Wild World Zebra in the Kitchen (1965) The Glass Slipper (1955) Captain Sindbad (1963) Cast Mel Blanc - Cowardly Lion Daws Butler - Scarecrow, Wizard of Oz Don Messick - Toto, Tin Man June Foray - Dorothy Gale, Wicked Witch of the West See also The Wizard of Oz (1939 film) Walt Disney anthology television series References External links 1960s American animated television series 1960s American anthology television series 1967 American television series debuts 1968 American television series endings American Broadcasting Company original programming American children's animated anthology television series American children's animated fantasy television series American television series with live action and animation Animated television series based on The Wonderful Wizard of Oz Television series by MGM Television Television shows about wizards MGM Animation/Visual Arts American Broadcasting Company animated television series", "title": "Off to See the Wizard" }, { "docid": "385625", "text": "The Quadling Country is the southern division of L. Frank Baum's fictional Land of Oz, first introduced in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1900). It is distinguished by the color red, worn by most of the local inhabitants called the Quadlings as well as the color of their surroundings. Like the Munchkin Country, the outer regions of the Quadling Country are rich, being inhabited by kind and friendly people, while the areas closer to the Emerald City (most of the regions between the mountains of the Hammerheads, the enclave of Dainty China Country and the Forest of the Fighting Trees) are forbidden and dangerous. Locations and inhabitants Like all the countries of Oz, the Quadling Country contains various unusual sights, creatures, and places. Among them are: The Wonderful Wizard of Oz The Palace of Glinda - A palace that is home to Glinda (also known in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz and other Oz books as the Good Witch of the South). The Forest of the Fighting Trees - A forest whose northern row of sentient trees have the power to use their branches to fling away anyone who attempts to enter the forest. The Dainty China Country - An area where all of its people and buildings are made of china. Mountain of the Hammer-Heads - The hills in which dwell the belligerent and armless Hammer-Heads Unnamed Forest - A forest whose animals hail the Cowardly Lion as their king after he had defeated a giant spider that terrorized the forest. The Emerald City of Oz Miss Cuttenclip - A little girl who cuts paper dolls from live paper called Cuttenclips. The Cuttenclips live in Cuttenclip Village which has walls surrounding it to keep the winds from blowing the Cuttenclips away. Fuddlecumjig - A village that is home to the Fuddles (who are made from puzzle pieces and have to be reassembled often). Utensia - A kingdom inhabited by animated utensils. Bunbury - A land where all the inhabitants are animated baked goods (like breads, buns, muffins, cakes, doughnuts, graham crackers, etc.). It is hidden in the same forest where Bunnybury is located. The trees in Bunbury are doughleanders and doughderas which produce a good crop of dough-nuts in season. Bunnybury - A land where intelligent and civilized rabbits walk on their hind legs and wear clothes. It is hidden in the same forest where Bunbury is located. Glinda created Bunnybury because she was fond of rabbits. Rigmarole Town - It is one of the Defensive Settlements of Oz. The Rigmaroles live here so they don't have to torture innocent people. Flutterbudget Center - It is one of the Defensive Settlements of Oz and located near the Winkie Country border in Quadling Country. All the Flutterbudgets of the Land of Oz are gathered here to protect normal citizens from their constant unfounded worrying. The Patchwork Girl of Oz Mister Yoop - A captive \"untamed giant.\" The Hoppers - A race of one-legged cave dwellers who travel by hopping. The", "title": "Quadling Country" }, { "docid": "13950531", "text": "Ryan Jay is a TV and radio film critic, Oz historian, director, writer and producer. Current Ryan Jay is one of America's most popular, nationally syndicated, radio film critics. He can be heard live Friday mornings on FM stations across the country, in addition to recorded weekly movie review segments for Premiere Networks. He is also featured weekly as resident film critic on The Morning Blend, NBC-TV affiliate in Milwaukee, WI and the FOX-TV affiliate in Fort Myers, FL. Ryan is a member of the Broadcast Film Critics Association. Every other week he can be found in the pages of Us Weekly magazine as Fashion Police. As an Oz historian, Ryan works to preserve the legacy and culture impact of all things related to The Wizard of Oz, by interviewing and presenting on behalf of many of the most high-profile productions about the subject. History As an Oz historian, Ryan has spent decades studying The Wizard of Oz and related materials, products and productions. In 2015 his handprints and autograph were cemented in the Oz Museum in Wamego, KS, just below those of Jerry Maren, the middle Lollipop Guild munchkin in The Wizard of Oz, and near other acclaimed stars of Oz films and historians. He received Honorary Lifetime Membership from the International L. Frank Baum and All Things Oz Historical Foundation in 2017, in recognition of his significant and substantial lifetime achievement in scholarship, performance, teaching and/or support of All Things Oz. Prior to going solo as a film critic in 2011, from 2006 to 2009, Ryan was the co-host of Clear Channel's PRIDE Radio with Ryan & Caroline, the first nationally syndicated radio talk show targeted to the LGBT community. Known as radio's \"Will & Grace\", Ryan and Caroline interviewed celebrities, dished pop culture gossip and covered fashion, travel and lifestyle trends. Together, Ryan and Caroline were, and continue to be featured as Fashion Police in Us Weekly magazine. They co-created the movie review and news site: WeSeeMovies.com which is now RyanJayReviews.com. Ryan & Caroline were heard every Friday on morning radio talk shows around the US offering their weekend movie previews. They were the official film critics for Premiere Radio Networks. Ryan is a member of the Broadcast Film Critics Association (BFCA). Ryan Jay & Caroline Hand met during the summer of 2000 while working as producers at VH1 in New York City and fast became best friends. Prior to that significant moment, Ryan had earned a B.A. in journalism from the University of Wisconsin – Madison. While in school he created and led an opportunity for fellow students, offering college credit based on his field experience as intern at Entertainment Tonight and The Sally Jesse Raphael Show. He delivered the commencement address at his graduation. After college, Ryan joined the news team at the CBS-TV affiliate in Madison, Wisconsin as an on-air reporter. His dislike for formulaic news soon led him to Chicago where he worked as a producer for The Jerry Springer Show. That experience,", "title": "Ryan Jay" }, { "docid": "4062296", "text": "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, known in Japan as , is a Japanese anime television series adaptation based on four of the original early 20th century Oz books by L. Frank Baum. In Japan, the series aired on TV Tokyo from 1986 to 1987. It consists of 52 episodes, which explain other parts of the Oz stories, including the events that happened after Dorothy returned home. The books adapted for the series include the first three novels — The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1900), The Marvelous Land of Oz (1904), and Ozma of Oz (1907) — as well as the sixth, The Emerald City of Oz (1910). One of the TV series' writers, Akira Miyazaki, also wrote for the 1982 anime film of the same Japanese name. The series was also the final adaption of the series before the source material entered the public domain in 1989. Many of the series' staffers, such as director Hiroshi Saitō and character designer Shūichi Seki, also worked on Nippon Animation's World Masterpiece Theater, so that the look and narrative style of the series feel similar to a WMT anime even though Nippon Animation itself was not involved in the production. Plot The Wonderful Wizard of Oz is split into four distinct parts, or story arcs, each loosely based on different Oz books originally written by L. Frank Baum. The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (episodes 1 to 17) The first story arc is an adaptation of the first Oz book, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1900). It follows the adventures of Dorothy, an orphan girl living out in the gray prairies of Kansas with her Aunt Em, her Uncle Henry and her dog Toto. One day, after Em and Uncle Henry leave Dorothy and Toto alone in order to travel into town, a tornado appears, uproots the farmhouse, with Dorothy and Toto inside, and transports it to the Land of Oz. In Oz Dorothy meets the Good Witch of the North, who tells her that she just killed the Wicked Witch of the East, as her house landed directly on top of her, and by doing so she freed the Munchkins from slavery. She also tells her that the only person able to send her back home is the Wizard of Oz. Dorothy is given the Silver Shoes of the Wicked Witch of the East and sent off along the Yellow Brick Road towards the Emerald City to see the Wonderful Wizard of Oz in hope of getting back to Kansas. On her way to the Wizard, Dorothy meets the Scarecrow, made entirely of straw and lacking a brain, the Tin Woodman, made entirely from metal and lacking a heart, and the Cowardly Lion who wishes to become brave. Along their journey, the group comes to a large ditch in the road, and the Lion provides transportation by jumping across while the others sit on his back. The group then enters a dark forest and become trapped at the edge of a steep canyon,", "title": "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (TV series)" }, { "docid": "68926301", "text": "Rainbow is a 2022 Spanish fantasy drama film directed by Paco León, loosely based on L. Frank Baum's 1900 novel The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. The film stars Dora Postigo, Áyax Pedrosa, Wekaforé Jibril (Spirit Disco), Carmen Maura, Carmen Machi and Luis Bermejo. The film premiered at the 70th San Sebastián International Film Festival on 18 September 2022. It later received a release in select theatres in Spain on 23 September 2022, and a streaming debut on Netflix on 30 September. Premise The film, \"not a musical film\" but featuring \"a lot of music\" according to Paco León, follows the coming-of-age story of a teenager with an extraordinary musical talent (Dora) leaving home alongside her dog Toto upon a quarrel with her father Diego, embarking on a journey to 'Ciudad Capital'. Cast Production Rainbow is inspired on L. Frank Baum's The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. Paco León co-wrote the screenplay alongside Javier Gullón, and is also credited as producer. Produced by Telecinco Cinema in collaboration with Los amigos de Dorothy AIE, and the participation of Andy Joke and Colosé Producciones, filming began on 2 August 2021. Shooting locations included the Madrid region and the provinces of Segovia, Guadalajara, Toledo and Alicante. Netflix reported the wrap in October 2021. Other crew duties were entrusted to Marc Miró (cinematography), and Ana Álvarez-Ossorio (editing), whereas Diego Postigo helmed the coordination of the musical production. Release The film had its world premiere at the 70th San Sebastián International Film Festival's 'Velodrome' section on 18 September 2022. It was released in select theatres on 23 September 2022, followed by a worldwide release on Netflix streaming on 30 September 2022. Reception Fernando Bernal of Cinemanía rated the film 1 out of 5 stars, writing that León's \"road movie never manages to pick up speed\" and its sequences \"falter within their own rhythm\". Elsa Fernández-Santos of El País wrote about a film \"capable of both the best and the worst\", featuring an awry catharsis somewhat amended by a beautiful epilogue, resulting into an \"uneven and largely botched film\", even if having the courage to look to the future\". Raquel Hernández Luján of HobbyConsolas scored 40 out of 100 points (\"bad\"), deeming it to be an \"immature and pretentious\" proposal, with \"clumsy\" metaphors, and a final party that ends up becoming \"irritating\". John Serba of Decider.com considered that the film \"boasts enough compelling and creative pieces and parts to merit a recommendation, even if they don't quite come together as a whole\". Accolades \|- \| rowspan = \"2\" align = \"center\" \| 2023 \|\| rowspan = \"2\" \| 2nd Carmen Awards \|\| Best Adapted Screenplay \|\| Paco León, Javier Gullón \|\| \|\| rowspan = \"2\" \| \|- \| Best New Actor \|\| Ayax Pedrosa \|\| \|} See also List of Spanish films of 2022 References External links 2022 drama films 2022 films 2022 fantasy films 2020s coming-of-age drama films 2020s fantasy drama films 2020s Spanish films 2020s Spanish-language films Films based on The Wonderful Wizard of Oz Magic", "title": "Rainbow (2022 film)" }, { "docid": "10633225", "text": "Ray of Light Theatre is a musical theatre company in San Francisco. History Ray of Light Theatre was started by the founding artistic director, Shane Ray, and founding board co-chair, Adrienne Abrams, in 2000. Production highlights & honors: In 2005, 2 Broke Girls star Beth Behrs appeared as Sandy Dumbrowski in the musical Grease. In 2005, ROLT produced Bat Boy: The Musical, directed by Broadway star James Monroe Iglehart (Aladdin, Memphis the Musical, 25th Annual Putnam County Spelling Bee). In 2007, the company produced the San Francisco premiere of Disney's High School Musical on Stage!. In 2008, Ray of Light Theatre's The Rocky Horror Show was nominated for five BATCC awards and received critical acclaim. In 2009, the month-long run of The Who's Tommy garnered six Bay Area Theatre Critics Circle Awards (of eleven nods). In 2010, ROLT mounted the West Coast Premiere of Jerry Springer: The Opera at the Victoria Theatre in San Francisco. In 2011, the ROLT production of Assassins was nominated for 13 BATCC awards, winning 8, including Best Musical. In 2012, the ROLT production of Sweeney Todd was nominated for 6 BATCC awards, winning best featured actress. In 2013, ROLT produced the Bay Area Premiere of Carrie. In 2014, ROLT worked with Urinetown writers, Greg Kotis and Mark Hollmann on developing their new musical, Yeast Nation. In 2015, ROLT produced the Bay Area Premiere of Heathers the Musical and worked with writers Tim Maner, Steven Cheslik-deMeyer and Alan Stevens Hewitt on producing Lizzie the Musical. Previous shows Season 1 (2001/2002): You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown Season 2 (2002/2003): Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat Schoolhouse Rock! Live Jr. (ROLT Jr.) The Wizard of Oz in Concert Season 3 (2003/2004): Into the Woods You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown (ROLT Jr.) Season 4 (2004/2005): Broadway Gala - An Evening of Stephens Honk! Grease Fiddler on the Roof Jr. (ROLT Jr.) Season 5 (2005/2006): Bat Boy: The Musical Seussical Broadway Gala: A Little Bit in Love The Last Five Years Annie Jr. (ROLT Jr.) Season 6 (2006/2007): Bat Boy: The Musical Broadway Gala: ROLT's Fifth Anniversary Gala The Secret Garden in Concert Songs for a New World The Music Man Jr. (ROLT Jr.) Season 7 (2007/2008): Disney's High School Musical on Stage! The Wizard of Oz (ROLT Jr.) Season 8 (2008/2009): The Rocky Horror Show I Love You, You're Perfect, Now Change Beauty and the Beast Jr. (ROLT Jr.) Season 9 (2009/2010): The Who's Tommy Baby: A Musical Honk! Jr. (ROLT Jr.) Season 10: 2010/2011: Jerry Springer: The Opera Alice in Wonderland Jr. (ROLT Jr.) Season 11 (2011): Assassins Season 12 (2012): The Full Monty Sweeney Todd Season 13 (2013): Into the Woods Carrie Season 14 (2014): Triassic Parq Yeast Nation Season 15 (2015): Heathers: The Musical Lizzie the Musical The Rocky Horror Show Season 16 (2016): The Wild Party (Lippa Musical) Little Shop of Horrors (musical) The Rocky Horror Show Season 17 (2017): Silence! The Musical Reefer Madness (musical) The Rocky Horror Show Season 18 (2018):", "title": "Ray of Light Theatre" }, { "docid": "68457901", "text": "Miss Gulch Returns! is a one-man musical comedy written and originally performed in 1979 by Fred Barton. It is a loose parody of the character Almira Gulch from the 1939 MGM film The Wizard of Oz as portrayed by Margaret Hamilton. Although the script alludes to the character of the Wicked Witch of the West (also portrayed by Hamilton in the film) it focuses primarily on Gulch. Blurring the line between fiction and reality, the show builds on the premise that Almira Gulch was an actress—rather than a character portrayed by an actress—who appeared in The Wizard of Oz (as herself), and who has existence beyond that film, most notably as a second-tier nightclub performer. History and original production The show got its start as a five minute turn at an after-show cabaret in 1979. Barton had been hired as the musical director for a local production of The Wizard of Oz, but when the actress hired to play Gulch/The Witch quit, Barton was asked to take over the role. At late night cabarets following the show, Barton would perform the song \"I'm a Bitch\", becoming an annual tradition as he returned to the part each summer. Shortly following Margaret Hamilton's death, Barton got to work working on a complete tribute to her character, eventually culminating as Miss Gulch Lives!, opening at Palsson's Supper Club in November 1983. More edits followed, and sporting a new title, this new version of the show, Miss Gulch Returns, premiered in 1984 off-off-Broadway at the Duplex Theatre in New York. A cast recording of the show was released in 1986, recorded in front of a live audience at Uptown Chelsea Sound. The original production won Barton a Back Stage Bistro Award in Musical Comedy Performance. Plot Barton initially appears as himself, and after some brief patter, he takes on the personality of a neurotic single man who encounters Almira Gulch drinking in a cabaret bar, and tries to pick her up (being a one-man show, this \"encounter\" happens through a conversation of which the audience hears one side.) He is so fascinated by Gulch that he adopts her personality for the evening (\"You're The Woman I'd Wanna Be\"). The number does a slow build until, in a fit of exasperation, Barton turns into \"Miss Gulch\" before the audience's eyes with a deft \"magical\" costume change. As described in the cast recording's liner notes, Almira is an \"embittered also-ran.\" She resents the success and happiness that she perceives in others, most notably Wizard of Oz \"costar\" Judy Garland, and the show satirizes the cult status of Garland within the gay community. Almira complains that her big musical number (\"I'm A Bitch\") was cut from the final version of The Wizard of Oz, while Garland achieved immortality by performing \"Somewhere Over the Rainbow\". She describes the evolution of her acid personality by singing of a lonely childhood in Topeka, Kansas (\"Born On A Bike\"), a parody of Garland's \"Born In A Trunk\" song from A Star", "title": "Miss Gulch Returns!" }, { "docid": "28948643", "text": "Dorothy and the Witches of Oz is a 2012 film directed by Leigh Scott, based on the early 20th century novels The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, Ozma of Oz, The Road to Oz and The Magic of Oz by L. Frank Baum. The film stars Paulie Redding, Billy Boyd, Eliza Swenson, Mia Sara (in her final feature film to date), Lance Henriksen, and Christopher Lloyd. A longer version of the film was originally released as a TV miniseries in 2011 called The Witches of Oz, distributed by MarVista Entertainment. The miniseries was over an hour longer and had earlier versions of the special effects. The miniseries was originally released in 2011 in Europe, though its United Kingdom premiere was not until July 5, 2012 on the Sci-Fi Channel. Development of the miniseries/film began while director Leigh Scott was making direct-to-video films for The Asylum. Production began in December 2009 and filming took place throughout Connecticut and New York City. Plot An adult Dorothy Gale is now a successful children's book author and has moved from Kansas to present day New York City. Dorothy quickly learns that her popular books are based on repressed childhood memories, and that the wonders of Oz are very, very real. When the Wicked Witch of the West shows up in Times Square, Dorothy must find the inner courage to stop her. Cast Paulie Rojas as Dorothy Gale, a successful children's book author from Kansas. Marissa Smoker portrays a younger Dorothy Gale Eliza Swenson as Billie Westbrook, a book publisher's agent who is the Earth-based form of the Wicked Witch of the West. Billy Boyd as Nick Chopper, Dorothy's boyfriend. His name is a reference to the true name of the Tin Woodsman in the original books, though he is a different character in the film. Christopher Lloyd as the Wizard of Oz, the ruler of the Emerald City. Ari Zagaris as Allen Denslow, the illustrator of Dorothy's books who is the Earth-based form of the Scarecrow. Ross Edgar as Rick, a man who only appears in the original version of the film. Jordan Turnage as Tin Man, the true form of Rick. Barry Ratcliffe as Bryan Jennings, Dorothy's lawyer who is the Earth-based form of the Cowardly Lion. According to a column written by Henry Littlefield in 1964, Baum modeled the Lion on lawyer William Jennings Bryan. Mia Sara as Princess Langwidere, a witch who is an ally to the Wicked Witch of the West and has many heads that she changes. Sasha Jackson as Ilsa Lang, a popular Hollywood actress who is one of the thirty-one different heads of Princess Langwidere. Jessica Sonneborn as Ev Locast, one of Princess Langwidere's thirty-one different heads. Elizabeth Masucci as Jennifer Mombi, a New York citizen whose head is claimed by Princess Langwidere. Her surname is a reference to Mombi, the Wicked Witch of the North who first appeared in The Marvelous Land of Oz. Langwidere and Mombi were previously conflated into \"Princess Mombi\" in Return to Oz", "title": "Dorothy and the Witches of Oz" }, { "docid": "27256090", "text": "Twister: A Ritual Reality in Three Quarters Plus Overtime if Necessary, is a 1999 play by Ken Kesey, loosely based on L. Frank Baum's 1900 novel, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz and the 1939 film version, The Wizard of Oz. The play also features the West African deity Legba. Kesey starred as the Wizard of Oz in the premiere of the play with Ken Babbs (as \"Frankie Frankenstein\") and other Merry Pranksters. A video of this production was released in 2000 by Key-Z Productions titled Twister: A Musical Catastrophe. References External links 1994 plays Plays based on The Wonderful Wizard of Oz Works by Ken Kesey", "title": "Twister (play)" }, { "docid": "5948564", "text": "Oz Before the Rainbow is a book written by Mark Evan Swartz in 2000 chronicling the early stage and film versions of The Wizard of Oz, before the 1939 movie, as well as an album featuring music from the early stage versions. Half of the book is devoted to the 1902 stage musical of The Wizard of Oz that Baum adapted from his book, with substantial revisions by the director and producer. The adaptation was a tremendous success, first in Chicago, then on Broadway, where it ran for two years, and then on tour for an additional seven years. It starred the comedy team of David C. Montgomery and Fred Stone as the Tin Woodman and the Scarecrow. The production was a lavish extravaganza. Swartz explores how this production influenced stage and film adaptations that followed, including the 1939 MGM movie. The book also discusses Baum's 1908 Fairylogue and Radio-Plays, a presentation narrated by Baum, involving live action, slides and silent film, which included stories from Baum's original book and from its first two sequels, The Marvelous Land of Oz and Ozma of Oz. Among other adaptations, the book also discusses the 1910, 1914 and 1925 silent film adaptations (the latter with Oliver Hardy as the Tin Woodman), some of which used material from other Oz books. In 1913, another stage version, adapted from Ozma of Oz was The Tik-Tok Man of Oz, which itself was adapted into Tik-Tok of Oz. The book contains numerous illustrations, advertisements, photos from many of the versions, program covers, posters and sheet music. It goes into great detail about performers, staging and designs. The book notes that, despite many attempts, Baum was unable to repeat the extraordinary stage success of the 1902 musical and its revivals, although some of the adaptations were then turned into successful novels. He notes, however, that the various versions influenced each other and led to the 1939 MGM movie. Notes References Swartz, Mark Evan. Oz Before the Rainbow: L. Frank Baum's 'The Wonderful Wizard of Oz' on Stage and Screen to 1939. The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000 Books based on The Wonderful Wizard of Oz Books about film Oz studies", "title": "Oz Before the Rainbow" }, { "docid": "6370864", "text": "Was (or Was... in the UK edition) is a WFA–nominated 1992 novel by Canadian author Geoff Ryman, published by HarperCollins, focusing on themes of L. Frank Baum's 1900 novel The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, and the 1939 musical film version, ranging across time and space from 1860s Kansas to late 1980s California. Was is an adult parallel to the magical Land of Oz that never existed as a real place. The story follows three characters, each living in a different time period, and how their individual journeys all connect to the story of The Wizard of Oz. Plot summary Told in alternating, non-chronological chapters, the novel is separated into three parts: \"Winter Kitchen\", \"Summer Kitchen\", and \"Oz Circle\". The story follows three characters, each connected to the story of The Wizard of Oz, and how they are all connected to one another without even realizing it. The primary focus is on Jonathan, a gay actor with AIDS who goes on a obsessed pilgrimage of sorts to Manhattan, Kansas, in search of the \"real\" Dorothy. Other portions of the novel explore the tragic life of \"Dorothy Gael\" in 1800s Kansas, whose traumatic experiences with Aunt Emily and Uncle Henry after her mother's death leads her to create an imaginary and idealized world in her mind based on some of her real-life experiences as a way of coping with her bleak reality. Unlike Baum's fairy tale book, she never gets to experience the magic of Oz, thus turning her into an insane and bitter old woman. L. Frank Baum himself makes an appearance as a substitute teacher in Kansas who meets Dorothy, and is so inspired and touched by their encounter, he decides to make her the main character of his classic fantasy novel. Finally, the book explores the life of Judy Garland as she plays Dorothy Gale in the 1939 movie. Themes Was has been described as more somber than Baum's The Wizard of Oz, and an attempt to correct the deceptive fantasy of that work, illuminating the realistic implications of having a fantasy world to retreat to. It has also been called a critique of American society. Reception Was is listed in The Gay Canon as one of the great books that every gay man should read. The Publishing Triangle named the book number 79 on its list of best gay and lesbian novels, and it was republished as a part of Orion's Masterworks series. Awards and nominations Finalist for the World Fantasy Award, 1993 Shortlisted for the Locus Award for Best Fantasy Novel, 1993 Inducted into the Gaylactic Spectrum Awards Hall of Fame, 2002 Musical adaptation A musical production of the book, sponsored by the American Musical Theatre Project, premiered at the Ethel M. Barber Theatre at Northwestern University in October 2005. It was directed by Tina Landau, with libretto and lyrics by Barry Kleinbort, and music by Joseph Thalken. An earlier version of the musical appeared at the Human Race Theatre in Dayton, Ohio. References External links Was", "title": "Was (novel)" }, { "docid": "10135860", "text": "Visitors from Oz: The Wild Adventures of Dorothy, the Scarecrow, and the Tin Woodman is an unofficial sequel to the Oz book series. Published in 1998, it was written by Martin Gardner and illustrated by Ted Enik. It follows up after the last Oz book written by L. Frank Baum. Gardner employs a mathematics puzzle (involving a Klein bottle) to bring the three Oz characters to Earth in 1998, where Dorothy becomes involved in the machinations of two movie producers. Contemporary references to Rudy Giuliani, the Internet, and television newscasts are unusual, at the least, in an Oz book. Gardner's whimsy encompasses the ancient Greek gods, characters from Lewis Carroll's 1865 novel Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and its 1871 sequel Through the Looking-Glass, and an ursine detective called Sheerluck Brown. Gardner's attempt at contemporizing Oz might be compared to Dave Hardenbrook's similar attempt in his The Unknown Witches of Oz (2000). References Rahn, Suzanne. The Wizard of Oz: Shaping an Imaginary World. New York, Twayne, 1998. Tuerk, Richard Carl. Oz in Perspective. Jefferson, NC, McFarland, 2007. 1998 American novels Books based on The Wonderful Wizard of Oz Books based on Alice in Wonderland Works by Martin Gardner 1998 children's books Sequel novels", "title": "Visitors from Oz" }, { "docid": "442386", "text": "A Munchkin is a native of the fictional Munchkin Country in the Oz books by American author L. Frank Baum. They first appear in the classic children's novel The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1900) where they welcome Dorothy Gale to their city in Oz. The Munchkins are described as being the same height as Dorothy and they wear only shades of blue clothing, as blue is the Munchkins' favorite color. Blue is also the predominating color that officially represents the eastern quadrant in the Land of Oz. The Munchkins have appeared in various media, including the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz, as well as in various other films and comedy acts. Concept While Baum may have written about it, there are no surviving notes for the composition of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. The lack of this information has resulted in speculation of the term origins he used in the book, which include the word Munchkin. Baum researcher Brian Attebery has hypothesized that there might be a connection to the , the emblem of the Bavarian city of Munich (spelled in German). The symbol was originally a 13th-century statue of a monk, looking down from the town hall in Munich. Over the years, the image was reproduced many times, for instance as a figure on beer steins, and eventually evolved into a child wearing a pointed hood. Baum's family had German origins, suggesting that Baum could have seen one such reproduction in his childhood. It is also possible that Munchkin came from the German word , which means \"mannikin\" or \"little figure\". In 1900, Baum published a book about window displays in which he stressed the importance of mannequins in attracting customers. Another possibility is a connection to Baron Munchausen. This fictional character is based on a real baron who told outrageous tall tales based on his military career. Like the other Oz terms, the word Munchkin ends in a diminutive which in this case refers to the size of the natives. Literature Oz Books by Frank Baum The Munchkins are first mentioned (quote shown) in an excerpt from chapter two of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, titled \"The Council with the Munchkins\". Dorothy initially meets only three of them, along with the Good Witch of the North. The rest of the Munchkins then come out of hiding and are shown to be grateful towards Dorothy for killing their evil ruler the Wicked Witch of the East. Dorothy later eventually finds the yellow brick road and along the way attends a banquet held by a Munchkin man named Boq. Sometime in the book a background story is also given about a \"Munchkin maiden\" (named Nimmie Amee in later books), who was the former love interest of the Tin Woodman. Baum also included the Munchkin characters in his later works as minor and major individual characters. The Munchkin Jinjur is the main antagonist in Baum's second book The Marvelous Land of Oz, where she seeks to overthrow the Scarecrow and", "title": "Munchkin" }, { "docid": "60647761", "text": "George Dyer is a British musical director, supervisor and orchestrator. Before being awarded a scholarship to study musical direction at Mountview Academy of Theatre Arts, Dyer attended Durham University As Musical Director selected credits include: Annie (Piccadilly Theatre - West End and UK Tours – for which he won a Broadwayworld Award), West Side Story (Curve), The Wizard of Oz (Birmingham Repertory Theatre), Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat (Kilworth House Theatre), The Wedding Singer (UK Tour & International), Dogfight (European Premiere – for which he won a second Broadwayworld award), The Rise and Fall of Little Voice (Derby Theatre) and Sweeney Todd (a co-production between West Yorkshire Playhouse and Royal Exchange). In 2017 he created the Arrangements and Orchestrations for the World Premiere of Nativity! The Musical, for which he also continues to serve as Musical Supervisor. The production opened at the Birmingham Repertory Theatre before embarking on a UK Tour, and has had two further Tours in 2018 and 2019, and returns to Birmingham Rep in 2021. Dyer also created the Orchestrations and Arrangements for the World Premiere of An Officer and a Gentleman The Musical. The production was directed by Nikolai Foster and with a book by the original screenplay writer Douglas Day Stewart. The Production opened at Curve before touring the UK. Dyer created new orchestrations and arrangements for Annie. They were originally heard in 2015–16 on the UK Tour produced by Michael Harrison and David Ian. These new arrangements and orchestrations were then heard in the South African production, where it won the Naledi Theatre Award for Best Musical. The production then transferred into the Piccadilly Theatre (West End) where the production ran for 9 months (with an expanded Orchestration), originally starring Miranda Hart as Miss Hannigan for which Dyer also served as musical director for the run. The production then played a limited season at the Mirvish Theatre, Toronto, and was lately seen touring the UK until November 2019, for which Dyer is also Musical Supervisor Dyer's other recent orchestrations include: West Side Story (Curve), The Wizard of Oz (Birmingham Rep), Merrily We Roll Along (Theatr Clwyd), The Wedding Singer (UK Tour), The Wiz (Birmingham Rep and West Yorkshire Playhouse) and Bugsy Malone (Curve). On 21 March 2023, it was announced that Dyer would collaborate with Nativity! The Musical director Debbie Isitt again on I Should Be So Lucky, a musical which will make use of the music of Stock Aitken Waterman, as orchestrator and musical supervisor. Selected credits References Living people Alumni of the Mountview Academy of Theatre Arts Alumni of Durham University Music directors Music arrangers 1987 births", "title": "George Dyer (musician)" }, { "docid": "13279829", "text": "The Soldier with the Green Whiskers is a character from the fictional Land of Oz who appears in the classic children's series of Oz books by American author L. Frank Baum and his successors. He is introduced in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1900). His name is Omby Amby, but this was so obliquely stated that he also became known briefly as Wantowin Battles. Classic Oz books In The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, the Soldier with the Green Whiskers (real name not yet revealed) is the head guard of the Royal Army of Oz. His job is to protect the Emerald City and its residents. He gladly escorts the four main protagonists Dorothy, the Scarecrow, Tin Woodman and Cowardly Lion through the streets of the Emerald City upon their first visit. He leads them all to the royal palace of the Wizard of Oz, where he forces them to wipe their feet upon a plush green carpet before entering. When he blows upon his green whistle, a pretty maid dressed in green silk named Jellia Jamb appears to show the four guests to their private rooms while staying in Oz's palace. The Soldier with the Green Whiskers appears to be the tallest citizen in the city, and is often described as being \"very tall\" with a very thick and long green beard that flows nearly to the ground. After the Wizard's departure from Oz, he leaves the Scarecrow to rule the city in his stead. The Soldier with the Green Whiskers is the one who tells the King Scarecrow that Glinda the Good Witch might know of a way for Dorothy to get back to her homeland in Kansas. The four protagonists take his advice and travel to the land of the southern Quadlings to seek its ruler. In the second Oz book The Marvelous Land of Oz (1904), it is revealed his appearance is largely for show. When attacked by General Jinjur's all female Army of Revolt, he admits that his gun, which was usually drawn containing flowers, is not kept loaded for fear of accidents. He tells her to \"wait right here\" while he looks for the powder and shot that he has misplaced. After his ineffectual attempts to save the Emerald City from invasion, which the Scarecrow chastises, he vows to disguise himself by shaving his beard. However, he lets it grow back once Princess Ozma has been established on the throne as Oz's true ruler. Omby Amby In Ozma of Oz, we are introduced to the Royal Army of Oz, consisting of twenty-six officers and one private. This private, Omby Amby, proves to be the only brave soldier in the Army, so Princess Ozma promotes him to Captain-General and makes him her personal Body Guard. He has a fierce moustache (not noted in the text until The Emerald City of Oz, but shown in the illustrations from the beginning), but is capable if gentle-natured, unlike the pompous officers, who come up with excuses not to fight", "title": "Soldier with the Green Whiskers" }, { "docid": "423872", "text": "The Emerald City (sometimes called the City of Emeralds) is the capital city of the fictional Land of Oz in L. Frank Baum's Oz books, first described in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1900). Fictional description Located in the center of the Land of Oz, the Emerald City is the end of the famous yellow brick road, which begins in Munchkin Country. In the center of the Emerald City is the Royal Palace of Oz. The Oz books generally describe the city as being built of green glass, emeralds, and other jewels. In the earlier books, it was described as completely green. However, in later works, green was merely the predominant color while buildings were also decorated with gold, and people added other colors to their costumes. In The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1900) In the first book, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1900), the walls are green, but the city itself is not. However, when they enter, everyone in the Emerald City is made to wear green-tinted spectacles. This is explained as an effort to protect their eyes from the \"brightness and glory\" of the city, but in effect makes everything appear green when it is, in fact, \"no more green than any other city\". This is yet another \"humbug\" created by the Wizard. One scene of the Emerald City is of particular note in the development of Oz: Dorothy sees rows of shops that sell green articles of every variety and a vendor who sells green lemonade that children buy with green pennies. This contrasts with the later description of Oz, in which money does not feature. Interpreters have argued that the Wizard may have introduced money into the city, but this is not in the text itself. In this book, the Wizard also describes the city as having been built for the Wizard within a few years after he arrived. It was he who decreed that everyone in the Emerald City must wear green eyeglasses, since the first thing he noticed about Oz after he landed in his hot air balloon was how green and pleasant the land was. In The Marvelous Land of Oz (1904) In The Marvelous Land of Oz (1904), the characters are required to wear the glasses at first, but, contrast to the preceding Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1900), halfway through the book, no more eyeglasses appear and no more mention is made of the brilliance, but the city is still described as green. This is continued throughout the series. Although at one point the character Tip describes the city as being built by the Wizard, the Scarecrow later explains that the Wizard had usurped the crown of Pastoria, the former king of the city, and from the Wizard the crown had passed to him. The book quickly concerns itself with finding the rightful heir to the crown of the city. Princess Ozma remained the king's heir, though both she and the original king were transformed to the ruler of all Oz. Later", "title": "Emerald City" }, { "docid": "18086562", "text": "Karl Slover (September 21, 1918 – November 15, 2011) was a Slovakian-born American actor best known as one of the Munchkins in The Wizard of Oz (1939). Only three other adult Munchkin performers remained alive at the time of Slover's death. Early years Slover was born as Karl Kosiczky on September 21, 1918, in Prakovce, Slovakia (then Prakfalva, Kingdom of Hungary). Diagnosed at an early age with pituitary dwarfism, Slover was barely two feet tall by his eighth birthday. Dwarfism was not a family trait; his father stood six feet six inches, and his mother was just a few inches shorter. Slover's father went to great lengths to make Slover taller, including taking him to Hungary, where doctors fixed stretchers to his arms and legs. Career When Slover was just nine years old, his father sent him to work for a traveling show based out of Berlin, Germany. After working with the show for several years, Slover moved to the United States where he joined another traveling show. It wasn't long before Slover began appearing in films such as The Terror of Tiny Town, Block-Heads, Bringing Up Baby, and They Gave Him a Gun. Slover was working in Hawaii when his circus manager sent him to Hollywood, where little people were needed for an upcoming film called The Wizard of Oz. At the age of 21 and standing just 4 feet 4 inches, Slover played the parts of four Munchkins in the movie: the first trumpeter, a soldier, one of the sleepy heads, and one among those who sang \"Follow the Yellow Brick Road\". His \"Oz\" co-stars, The Matina Triplets whose names were Bela \"Ike\", Lajos \"Leo\", and Matjus \"Mike\" were originally from Budapest. They also appeared in the film as Munchkins. After filming Oz, Slover began working for the 'Original World Famous Singers Midget Show' where he sang and danced throughout the United States. When the show ended in 1942, Slover joined the Royal American Carnival in Tampa, Florida. At this time he took the last name Slover, the last name of his stage manager. Later years Slover remained very active in his later years and participated in several celebrations related to The Wizard of Oz. Every June, Slover attended festivities celebrating Judy Garland's birthday at the Judy Garland Museum & Birthplace in Grand Rapids, Minnesota. In November 2007, Slover joined seven other surviving munchkins in Hollywood where honorary mayor Johnny Grant unveiled a star dedicated to the Munchkins on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Death Slover died on November 15, 2011, at age 93. He resided at an assisted living facility in Dublin, Georgia, at the time of his death. His interment was in Rentz's cemetery. At the time of Slover's death, three other Munchkin actors were still alive from Oz: Jerry Maren, Margaret Williams Pellegrini and Ruth Robinson Duccini. He outlived every major cast member. Filmography References External links 1918 births 2011 deaths Male actors from Georgia (U.S. state) American male film actors Czechoslovak emigrants to the", "title": "Karl Slover" }, { "docid": "5552036", "text": "Michael Patrick Hearn is an American literary scholar as well as a man of letters specializing in children's literature and its illustration. His works include The Annotated Wizard of Oz (1973/2000), The Annotated Christmas Carol (1977/2003), and The Annotated Huckleberry Finn (2001). He considers the three most quintessential American novels to be Moby-Dick by Herman Melville, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz by L. Frank Baum, and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain. He is an expert on L. Frank Baum and is currently writing a biography about him, which sets forth to correct the numerous errors in previous biographies, many based on Frank Joslyn Baum's out of print and largely mythological To Please a Child. As an Oz and L. Frank Baum scholar, he also edited The Critical Heritage Edition of the Wizard of Oz for Schocken Books (1986), wrote the introduction to the first published version of the screenplay of The Wizard of Oz (1939 film). He appears in the documentaries Oz: the American Fairyland and Matilda Joslyn Gage (1983), credited as an \"Authority on L. Frank Baum\". He gave the keynote address at the Centennial convention of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz mounted by The International Wizard of Oz Club, and often makes public appearances in which he lectures on Baum. Hearn was a student at Hamilton College in 1968-69 and then transferred to Bard College, where he graduated in 1972. At Hamilton, he was encouraged to become an author by one of his professors, Alex Haley. His first book, The Annotated Wizard of Oz, was completed when he was a student at Bard. Selected works Other books as author or editor include: 50 years of Wanda Gág's Millions of Cats: 1928-1978 (1978) McLoughlin Brothers, publishers, 1828-1978 (1980) Victorian Fairy Tales (1980) Peter Newell, American Comic Illustrator (1983) The Chocolate Book: A Sampler for Boys and Girls (1983) The Best of the Andrew Lang Fairy Tale Book (1986) The Porcelain Cat (children's picture book, 1987) The Wizard of Oz: The Screenplay, (1989) W.W. Denslow: The Other Wizard of Oz, (1996) The Victorian Fairy Tale Book (1990) 65 years of Wanda Gág's Millions of Cats: 1928-1993 (1992) Native American Legends : Lakota (1995) Myth, Magic, and Mystery: One Hundred Years of American Children's Book Illustration (1996) From the Silver Age to Stalin: Russian Children's Book Illustration In preparation, (2008) He has also written articles for Horn Book and The Baum Bugle and Liner Notes for Caedmon Records. References External links American biographers American male biographers Living people Place of birth missing (living people) Year of birth missing (living people) American literary critics Children's literature criticism Oz studies", "title": "Michael Patrick Hearn" }, { "docid": "12811350", "text": "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz is a fantasy novel written by L. Frank Baum. The Wonderful Wizard of Oz may also refer to: The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1910 film), the earliest surviving film adaptation of Baum's book The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (TV series), a 1986–1987 Japanese anime adaptation of four of Baum's books The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (musical), a 2000 musical play based on the novel The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (2005 graphic novel), written by David Chauvel with art by Enrique Fernandez The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (2009 comics), an eight-issue limited series by Marvel Comics See also The Wonderful Wizard of Ha's, a VeggieTales film The Wizard of Oz (disambiguation)", "title": "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (disambiguation)" }, { "docid": "2487809", "text": "The Magical Mimics in Oz (1946) is the thirty-seventh in the series of Oz books created by L. Frank Baum and his successors, and the first written by Jack Snow. It was illustrated by Frank G. Kramer. The book entered the Public Domain in the United States, when its copyright was not renewed as required. Plot Princess Ozma and Glinda the Good are planning to leave Oz, to attend the Grand Council of the fairy queen Lurline, held in the Forest of Burzee every 200 years. Dorothy Gale is surprised when Ozma appoints her to rule Oz during their absence; but Ozma reminds Dorothy that she is a princess of Oz. Chapter 3 shifts attention to the evil Mimics in their lair in Mount Illuso. The Mimics habitually shift \"from one loathsome shape to another\" — an ape body with a head of an alligator, and a serpent with black butterfly wings, and a toad with a hyena's head are a few of their choices. Their rulers, King Umb and Queen Ra (a play on \"umbra\"), reveal their plan to counter Lurline's controlling magic and attack Oz. The shape-shifting royals and their minions fly to Oz as big black birds, and waylay Dorothy and the Wizard of Oz. By stepping into their shadows, Ra and Umb take the shapes of Dorothy and the Wizard; the originals are paralyzed by the magic, and are carried off to Mount Illuso by Mimics. Ra and Umb, in their stolen forms, search Ozma's library for the antidote to Lurline's magic spell. Umb and Ra are not capable of imitating the Wizard and Dorothy convincingly; people become suspicious, and Toto exposes them — but not before the Mimic royals find what they are looking for. Back in Mount Illuso, they conjure a gigantic red spider that spins a magic web; this negates the influence of Lurline's spell, and allows the Mimics to launch a mass attack against Oz. Dorothy and the Wizard are imprisoned in a cave deep within Mount Illuso. There, however, they see a blaze of brilliant fairy light that restores their power of motion. The light stems from a button on the cave wall. They press the button, and a hidden door opens to expose an elevator and its attendant. Hi-Lo, a living wooden puppet, takes them to the top of the mountain. There, the two Ozites discover Pineville and are led to the fairy Ozana, who had been delegated by Lurline to watch over the malicious Mimics. Ozana has spent her lonely days and years creating her Story Blossom Garden and her wooden puppet people (one of whom has escaped to the outer world, to become Charlie McCarthy). Ozana is shocked to discover that the Mimics have evaded her guardianship; she leads Dorothy and the Wizard back to Oz. The attacking Mimics arrive in Oz disguised as beautiful birds, with gorgeous plumage of \"Red, blue, green and gold....\" The residents are seduced by their beauty, and the Mimics quickly duplicate and", "title": "The Magical Mimics in Oz" }, { "docid": "564239", "text": "The Land of Oz is a magical country introduced in the 1900 children's novel The Wonderful Wizard of Oz written by L. Frank Baum and illustrated by W. W. Denslow. Oz consists of four vast quadrants, the Gillikin Country in the north, Quadling Country in the south, Munchkin Country in the east, and Winkie Country in the west. Each province has its own ruler, but the realm itself has always been ruled by a single monarch. According to Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz the ruler has mostly either been named Oz or Ozma. According to The Marvelous Land of Oz, the current monarch is Princess Ozma. Baum did not intend for The Wonderful Wizard of Oz to have any sequels, but it achieved greater popularity than any of the other fairylands he created, including the land of Merryland in Baum's children's novel Dot and Tot in Merryland, written a year later. Due to Oz's worldwide success, Baum decided to return to it four years after The Wonderful Wizard of Oz was published. For the next two decades, he described and expanded upon the land in the Oz Books, a series which introduced many fictional characters and creatures. Baum intended to end the series with the sixth Oz book The Emerald City of Oz (1910), in which Oz is forever sealed off and made invisible to the outside world, but this did not sit well with fans, and he quickly abandoned the idea, writing eight more successful Oz books, and even naming himself the \"Royal Historian of Oz.\" In all, Baum wrote fourteen best-selling children's books about Oz and its enchanted inhabitants, as well as a spin-off series of six early readers. After his death in 1919, author Ruth Plumly Thompson, illustrator John R. Neill (who had previously collaborated with Baum on his Oz books) and several other writers and artists continued the series. There are now over 50 novels based upon Baum's original Oz saga. Baum characterized Oz as a real place, unlike MGM's 1939 musical movie adaptation, which presents it as a dream of lead character Dorothy Gale. According to the Oz books, it is a hidden fairyland cut off from the rest of the world by the Deadly Desert. A shorthand reference for a person living in Oz is \"Ozite\". The term appears in Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz, The Road to Oz, and The Emerald City of Oz. Elsewhere in the books, \"Ozmie\" is also used. In the animated 1974 semi-sequel to the MGM film, Journey Back to Oz, \"Ozonian\" is in the script. The term \"Ozian\" appears in the Royal Shakespeare Company's stage adaptation of the MGM movie and in the work Wicked. \"Ozmite\" was used in Reilly & Lee marketing in the 1920s, a fact which has suggested to some critics that \"Ozmie\" may have been a typographical error. Characteristics Oz is, in the first book The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, distinguished from Dorothy's native Kansas by not being civilized; this explains why", "title": "Land of Oz" }, { "docid": "47423108", "text": "\"Lions, Tigers & Bears\" is the fourth single released from American R&B–soul singer Jazmine Sullivan's debut album Fearless. The song impacted radio on November 11, 2008, and was officially released on December 16, 2008, as the third single. The track received a Grammy Nomination for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance and a nomination for Best R&B Song. Background \"Lions, Tigers and Bears\" is a waltz that uses a sample from Salaam Remi's \"Shila's Playground\". It was written by Sullivan and Remi. The song is a soulful melody, written in Dorian Mode, about love and heartbreak using instrumentation of a violin. The protagonist states that she's not scared of things most people fear, such as facing carnivorous animals, but she's scared to love because of potential heartbreak. Sullivan said that, \"the lions, tigers and bears reference represents my career in the music business.\" The phrase \"Lions, tigers and bears\" comes from a passage spoken by the Tin Man, Dorothy, and the Scarecrow in The Wizard of Oz. Reception Soul Bounce reviewed the song: Her latest, \"Lions, Tigers & Bears,\" seemingly belies the \"Fearless\" album title, with Jazzy breaking down to a prospective paramour that kings of the jungle, Seigfried & Roy's crew AND Yogi are all cool with her, but this love thing? Yeah, scary as hell. What I love most about this track is the haunting melody, and of course, that voice. Lawd. Music video A music video premiered on Sullivan's MySpace blog promoting Jazmine Sullivan's single on January 29, 2009. It shows her performing in the middle of a gray-colored town while surrounded by floating, transparent violins. The town eventually becomes more colorful as time progresses. First, a golden color is seen spreading on the street inspired by The Wizard of Oz (as is the title of the song), meeting with blue color in intersection, where a couple is having a fight. Later, orange is introduced as the main color of another couple's outfits as they argue in the balcony of an apartment, while a tiger arrives and runs through the streets. A third couple is introduced, bringing the color purple to the town. During the bridge, Jazmine performs on top of a skyscraper, still surrounded by the violins. The violins are then attacked by the tiger, creating a heart-shaped area of purple mist around Jazmine. Once the bridge is completed, the video returns to Jazmine performing at the yellow brick road (which again, is inspired by The Wizard of Oz, like the title of the song) and a brain appears and the girl in the blue and walks away from the guy she is seeing. A lion of courage appears on the back of the man's jacket in purple and he gets the \"courage\" to walk away. A heart appears on the girl in orange and she embraces her lover. This is in direct reference to The Wizard of Oz and the tinman, the lion and the scarecrow. The video ranked at No. 88 on BET's Notarized: Top", "title": "Lions, Tigers & Bears (song)" }, { "docid": "40184458", "text": "Jakob Gerlich (September 21, 1925 – December 27, 1960) was an Austrian-born American actor and circus entertainer with dwarfism. Early life Jakob Gerlich was born as Leo Fuks in Vienna on September 21, 1925, the third son of Regina and Abraham Fox. He was a circus entertainer most notable for his appearance in the 1939 American film The Wizard of Oz. Gerlich emigrated to America when he arrived in New York City on the S.S. President Roosevelt ocean liner on March 2, 1936, at the age of 10 years old as a member of the \"Singer Midgets\" group run by Leo Singer. In order to emigrate at such a young age, his older brother's name, Jakob, and identification were used, without his parents' consent, claiming he was born in 1917. He used the name 'Jackie' from then on. Even in other online sources today, he is credited with the name Jakob Gerlich. He worked as a clown and eventually became part of the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus. Wizard of Oz Gerlich is most notable for being in The Wizard of Oz, where he played the red member of the Lollipop Guild. Jerry Maren and Harry Doll were the other two members of the Lollipop Guild in the film. He was only 14 years old when he made his acting break in The Wizard of Oz, three years after arriving in the United States. Leopold von Singer was the manager of an entertainment troupe called The Singer Midgets and signed a contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer to provide 124 proportionately-sized little people to play Munchkins in Oz. Gerlich was recruited because of his dwarfism and was paid $125 a week for his work. Though Gerlich is uncredited in the film, his name appears in Oz trivia articles and books. Maren said that due to previous engagements, the three members of the Lollipop guild did not stay in contact after Oz. In 2013 he stated \"We pretty much separated because they all had previous engagements. Somebody had to go to Milwaukee, somebody had to go to Boston, New York, etc.\" Other Roles Gerlich's first acting experience was in Jed Buell's 1938 American Western The Terror Of Tiny Town, the world's only Western with an all-midget cast. Jakob was a part of the troupe of actors formerly called the Singer Midgets that Buell renamed Jed Buell's Midgets. Another acting experience was also an uncredited role when he played Bobby in the 1939 film East Side of Heaven. Besides his small movie roles, Gerlich was a circus performer in the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus. Gerlich was interviewed by Mike Wallace on May 1, 1959. Death and legacy On December 27, 1960, Gerlich died in Sarasota, Florida, at the age of 35. In 2007, all 124 Munchkin actors in Oz were honored with a Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. For Gerlich this was a posthumous honor. Seven surviving Munchkin actors attended the ceremony, including Mickey Carroll, Ruth Duccini, Jerry", "title": "Jakob \"Jackie\" Gerlich" }, { "docid": "4290595", "text": "Return to Oz is a 1964 animated television special produced by Crawley Films for Videocraft International. It first aired on 9 February 1964 in the United States on NBC's The General Electric Fantasy Hour block, then later aired on syndication from 1965 to the 1990s and on the Disney Channel in 1995. It was directed by F. R. Crawley, Thomas Glynn and Larry Roemer from a teleplay by Romeo Muller, who later wrote Dorothy in the Land of Oz. This was the first special produced by Arthur Rankin Jr. and Jules Bass of Rankin/Bass Productions (the soon-to-be renamed Videocraft International). Crawley Films also produced the earlier 1961 animated series Tales of the Wizard of Oz and brought similar artistic character renditions to the special. There is also a 1985 live-action Disney film of the same name. In the special, Dorothy and Toto arrived back at Oz, after they received a letter from one of her Oz friends wanting her back, only to later be warned by a good witch, Glinda, regarding the Wicked Witch of the West, who has been restored back to life, and cast the dark spell by erasing her friends' abilities and kidnapping the Wizard of Oz for her revenge plot on Dorothy to steal away her magic silver slippers. So along with the assist of her Oz pals, Dorothy and Toto must journey to foil and rid Oz of the Wicked Witch for good. Plot The plot is virtually a retelling of the storyline of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz; however, as this is a sequel to the animated series Tales of the Wizard of Oz, in which Dorothy and the gang went through an entirely different series of adventures, this adventure is new to them all. All of Dorothy's friends become trapped in the situations they were in when she first met them, meaning that they all must visit the Wizard as they did in the pilot for the TV series. Dorothy receives a letter from the Scarecrow, called Socrates in the special, as in the series, telling her that everyone is happy with the gifts the Wizard gave them and that they miss her very much. She goes to find her magic Silver Shoes and is instantly taken back to Oz again by another Kansas twister, this time not by house, but an apple tree. Once she arrives there, she is greeted by the Munchkins in Munchkinville. Glinda arrives to tell her that the previously melted Wicked Witch of the West has become reconstituted and is wreaking havoc again, having taken Socrates' diploma and burned it, destroyed the heart of the Tin Woodman, called Rusty, by turning herself into a Tin Woman, and dropping him into a pond where he rusted over again. She has also stolen the medal that belonged to the Cowardly Lion, called Dandy, and turned it into a daisy, and is planning to get Dorothy's silver shoes again. Glinda warns Dorothy that the silver slippers will only protect her and", "title": "Return to Oz (TV special)" }, { "docid": "561388", "text": "William Wallace Denslow (; May 5, 1856 – March 29, 1915) was an American illustrator and caricaturist remembered for his work in collaboration with author L. Frank Baum, especially his illustrations of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. Denslow was an editorial cartoonist with a strong interest in politics, which has fueled political interpretations of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. Biography Born in Philadelphia to a tobacco wholesaler, Denslow spent brief periods at the National Academy of Design and the Cooper Union in New York, but was largely self-educated and self-trained. In the 1880s, he traveled about the United States as an artist and newspaper reporter; he came to Chicago for the World's Columbian Exposition in 1893, and chose to stay. Denslow acquired his earliest reputation as a poster artist; he also designed books and bookplates, and was the first artist invited to work at the Roycroft Press. Denslow may have met Baum at the Chicago Press Club, where both men were members. Besides The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, Denslow also illustrated Baum's books By the Candelabra's Glare, Father Goose: His Book, and Dot and Tot of Merryland. Baum and Denslow held the copyrights to most of these works jointly. After Denslow quarreled with Baum over royalty shares from the 1902 stage adaptation of The Wizard of Oz, for which Baum wrote the script and Denslow designed the sets and costumes, Baum determined not to work with him again. (As co-copyright-holder, Denslow demanded an equal share in royalties with Baum and composer Paul Tietjens.) Denslow illustrated an edition of traditional nursery rhymes titled Denslow's Mother Goose (1901), along with Denslow's Night Before Christmas (1902) and the 18-volume Denslow's Picture Books series (1903–04). He also used his copyright to the art of the Baum books to create newspaper comic strips featuring Father Goose and the Scarecrow and Tin Woodman during the first decade of the twentieth century. The strip, titled Denslow's Scarecrow and [the] Tin Man, was intended to promote a forthcoming sequel he was writing. The strip ran concurrently with Queer Visitors from the Marvelous Land of Oz. He also created the comic strip Billy Bounce, notable as one of the earliest comic strips in which the protagonist has some manner of super powers. The royalties from the print and stage versions of The Wizard of Oz were sufficient to allow Denslow to purchase Bluck's Island, Bermuda, and crown himself King Denslow I. Denslow wrote and illustrated a children's book called The Pearl and the Pumpkin. Personal life Denslow had three wives and three divorces in his lifetime. His first wife, Annie McCartney (née, Anna M. Lowe, 1856–1908) married him in 1882 and gave birth to his only child, a son, the following year. The couple were already separated, however, and Denslow never saw his son. They finally divorced in 1896, freeing her to marry the man she lived with for five months. That same day, February 20, 1896, Denslow married Anne Holden Denslow, the daughter of Martha Holden, writer. The", "title": "W. W. Denslow" }, { "docid": "20323169", "text": "Paul Tietjens (; May 22, 1877 – November 25, 1943) was an American composer of the early twentieth century. He is best known for composing music for The Wizard of Oz, the 1902 stage adaptation of L. Frank Baum's The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, one of the great popular hits of its era. Tietjens was born and raised in St. Louis, Missouri. At age 15 he appeared as a piano soloist with the St. Louis Symphony. He later studied in Europe with Hugo Kaun, Harold Bauer, and Theodor Leschetizky. Early in his career, Tietjens's ambition was to establish himself as a successful composer of comic operas and operettas. He approached L. Frank Baum in March 1901, not long after the publication and success of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. According to Baum's later recollection, \"The thought of making my fairy tale into a play had never even occurred to me when, one evening, my doorbell rang and I found a spectacled young man standing on the mat.\" By another report, though, they met through Ike Morgan, a Chicago artist who worked on Baum's American Fairy Tales (1901). Baum and Tietjens agreed to develop stage projects together. Curiously, their first attempts had nothing to do with Oz. They wrote a show titled The Octopus, or The Title Trust, which was rejected by producers in Chicago and New York. Their next venture was a musical called King Midas, which was never completed. It was illustrator W. W. Denslow who suggested a Wizard of Oz stage adaptation. Though Baum was at first cool to the idea, Tietjens was enthusiastic. Baum prepared a libretto, and the project went forward. Tietjens included two songs from The Octopus (\"Love Is Love\" and \"The Traveler and the Pie\"). The show went through many script revisions and changes; Tietjens's score was supplemented with music composed by A. Baldwin Sloane and others. Quarrels over the partitioning of the royalties (Denslow was co-copyright holder of the book, and designed the sets and costumes for the musical) led to a permanent rupture between Baum and Denslow. Yet the show premiered in Chicago on 16 June 1902, and moved to Broadway in January 1903. It was an enormous hit. It ran through 1907 and then toured widely. The income from the show made Tietjens financially independent at a relatively early age. Tietjens, however, never equaled that early popular success in subsequent shows. He wrote The Sacred Serpent (1904), a three-act musical comedy. He composed incidental music for J. M. Barrie's play A Kiss for Cinderella. He worked with Baum on another project, called The Pipes o' Pan (which might have been a revised version of King Midas); it was never produced, and survives only in a fragment. In 1904 he married the poet Eunice Strong Hammond, who became known under her married name, Eunice Tietjens. They had two daughters, Idea and Janet. The death of their elder daughter Idea at the age of four may have contributed to the break-up of the", "title": "Paul Tietjens" }, { "docid": "190160", "text": "This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1900. Events March 5 – New York performances of the play Sapho curbed for immorality. March 15 – Sarah Bernhardt stars in premiere of Edmond Rostand's l'Aiglon. May Rainer Maria Rilke makes his second visit to Russia with Lou Andreas-Salomé and her husband. The first film to feature the detective character Sherlock Holmes, Sherlock Holmes Baffled, is released by the American Mutoscope and Biograph Company. May 17 – L. Frank Baum's The Wonderful Wizard of Oz is published in Chicago, the first of Baum's books chronicling the fictional Land of Oz for children. June 24 – The Hanlin Academy in Peking, housing \"the oldest and richest library in the world\", catches fire and is destroyed during the Boxer Rebellion. June 25 – The Taoist monk Wang Yuanlu discovers the Dunhuang manuscripts in the Library Cave or Cave for Preserving Scriptures, No. 17 of the Mogao Caves in north-west China, where they have been sealed since the early 11th century. July 1 – The Net Book Agreement comes into force in the U.K: publishers will supply booksellers only on condition that they do not retail the supplied books at a discounted rate. October 15 – Mark Twain ends an absence from the United States of some nine years when he returns to New York aboard the Atlantic Transport Line steamship Minnehaha. November 1 – Ermete Novelli opens the \"Casa di Goldoni\", a new theatre in imitation of the Comédie Française, at Rome. November 19 – August Strindberg's To Damascus (Till Damaskus, first two parts) receives its première at the Royal Dramatic Theatre in Stockholm with August Palme and Harriet Bosse, Strindberg's future wife, in the leading rôles. unknown dates In Austrian-Hungarian Bosnia, Osman Nuri Hadžić issues Behar, the first Bosnian Muslim literary journal, promoting liberal Islam within the Islamic revival movement. The first film of Hamlet is an adaptation of the duel scene, with the French actress Sarah Bernhardt playing the title rôle. New books [[File:The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, 006.png\|150px\|thumb\|right\|The first edition title page of one of the most prominent literary works of the year 1900, L. Frank Baum's The Wonderful Wizard of Oz.]] Fiction Pío Baroja – The House of Aizgorri (La casa de Aizgorri, first in trilogy The Basque Country (La Tierra Vasca) Mary Elizabeth Braddon – The InfidelErnest Bramah – The Wallet of Kai LungGelett Burgess – Goops, and How to Be Them (1st in the Goops series) Colette – Claudine at School (Claudine à l'école)Joseph Conrad – Lord JimMarie Corelli – The Master ChristianLouis CouperusLangs lijnen van geleidelijkheidDe stille kracht (The Hidden Force)Stephen Crane – Whilomville StoriesGabriele D'Annunzio – The Flame of Life (Il Fuoco)Theodore Dreiser – Sister CarrieMary E. Wilkins Freeman – The Heart's HighwayRobert Grant – Unleavened BreadThomas Anstey Guthrie – The Brass BottleMaurice Hewlett – The Life and Death of Richard Yea-and-NayJerome K. Jerome – Three Men on the BummelDmitry Merezhkovsky – The Romance of Leonardo da Vinci (Russian: Воскресшие боги. Леонардо", "title": "1900 in literature" }, { "docid": "20439451", "text": "Little Wizard Stories of Oz is a set of six short stories written for young children by L. Frank Baum, the creator of the Oz books. The six tales were published in separate small booklets, \"Oz books in miniature,\" in 1913, and then in a collected edition in 1914 with illustrations by John R. Neill. The stories were issued to promote the new Oz novel, The Patchwork Girl of Oz. Each booklet is 29 pages long, and printed in blue ink rather than black. Development The stories were part of a project, by Baum and his publisher Reilly & Britton, to revitalize and continue the series of Oz books that Baum had written up to that date. The story collection effectively constitutes a fifteenth Oz book by Baum. Baum had attempted to end the Oz series with the sixth book, The Emerald City of Oz (1910). In the final chapter of that book, he sealed off the Land of Oz from the outside world. He began a new series of books with The Sea Fairies (1911) and Sky Island (1912). Also, he reacted to his 1911 bankruptcy by increasing his literary output. He produced five books that year, his greatest output since 1907. Baum tried to launch two other juvenile novel series in 1911, with The Daring Twins, released under his own name, and The Flying Girl, under his \"Edith Van Dyne\" pseudonym. None of the new series were as successful as the previous Baum and Van Dyne series; the Oz books and Aunt Jane's Nieces. Both the Flying Girl and Daring Twins series ended with their second volumes, The Flying Girl and Her Chum and Phoebe Daring, both published in 1912. Disappointing sales through 1911 and 1912 convinced Baum and Reilly & Britton that a return to Oz was needed. Baum wrote The Patchwork Girl of Oz for a 1913 release, and in the same year his publisher issued the six Little Wizard stories in individual booklets at a cost of $0.15 each. The goal was to reach the youngest beginning readers, and create in them an interest in the larger Oz canon, as part of a \"promotion of L. Frank Baum and all of his books.\" Content and publication The six tales in the Little Wizard Stories are: \"The Cowardly Lion and the Hungry Tiger\" \"Little Dorothy and Toto\" \"Tiktok and the Nome King\" \"Ozma and the Little Wizard\" \"Jack Pumpkinhead and the Sawhorse\" \"The Scarecrow and the Tin Woodman\" The strategy of reaching beginning readers was successful enough for Reilly & Britton to repeat it within a few years. The publisher released selections from L. Frank Baum's Juvenile Speaker (1910) in six smaller books called The Snuggle Tales in 1916–17, and again as the Oz-Man Tales in 1920. Four of the Little Wizard Stories were re-issued in 1932 in a new form, as The Little Oz Books with Jig Saw Oz Puzzles. A year or two later the four tales were released again, as part of a", "title": "Little Wizard Stories of Oz" }, { "docid": "73382991", "text": "Lynch/Oz is a 2022 American documentary film directed and written by Alexandre O. Philippe that explores the influence of the film The Wizard of Oz (1939) on the American filmmaker David Lynch. Synopsis Lynch/Oz examines the influence of the 1939 Victor Fleming-directed film The Wizard of Oz on the work of American filmmaker David Lynch. The concept for the film originates from a response Lynch gave during a Q&A panel at the 2001 New York Film Festival following a screening of his film Mulholland Drive. When asked about the impact of Fleming's film on his work, Lynch said, \"There is not a day that goes by that I don't think about The Wizard of Oz.\" Lynch/Oz attempts to reevaluate the filmmaker's extended filmography within this enduring influence, from his very first short film, The Alphabet (1969), to his latest series, Twin Peaks: The Return (2017). The film was officially described as an exploration of \"one of the most fascinating puzzles in the history of motion pictures: the enduring symbiosis between America's primordial fairytale, The Wizard of Oz, and David Lynch's singular brand of popular surrealism.\" The film is divided into six chapters, each narrated by a different filmmaker or critic who provides their own perspectives on the subject. Among the narrators are filmmakers Karyn Kusama (Jennifer's Body), Rodney Ascher (Room 237), and John Waters (Multiple Maniacs, Pink Flamingos, Female Trouble). The film incorporates hundreds of film clips to illustrate the connection between David Lynch and The Wizard of Oz. Cast Release Lynch/Oz was selected to be screened in the Spotlight Documentary section of the Tribeca Festival, where it had its world premiere on June 9, 2022. Before its premiere, Lynch/Oz was picked up for worldwide release by Dogwoof, a British film distributor specializing in documentaries. The documentary had its UK premiere during the BFI London Film Festival. It received a limited UK theatrical release by Film 4 on December 2, 2022. The film received a limited theatrical release by Janus Films in North America, beginning at New York's IFC Center on June 2, 2023. Reception Critical response On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 83% based on 69 reviews, with an average rating of 7.3/10. The website's consensus reads, \"Thoughtful and absorbing, Lynch/Oz offers an appropriately unique analysis of one of cinema's most idiosyncratic artists.\" According to Metacritic, which assigned a weighted average score of 62 out of 100 based on 18 critics, the film received \"generally favorable reviews\". Screen Dailys Tara Judah wrote, \"With its impressive array of hundreds of film clips, frenetic editing and whip-smart narrators, Lynch/Oz offers an exciting prism through which to view Lynch's oeuvre.\" David Ehrlich of IndieWire wrote, \"Lynch/Oz is less compelling for any of its individual theories or observations than for how it frames movies as permeable membranes that flicker between personal obsession and the collective unconscious.\" Varietys Owen Gleiberman wrote, \"Lynch/Oz is bursting with ideas [...] but the movie is too pie-in-the-sky to quite make it over the rainbow.\"", "title": "Lynch/Oz" }, { "docid": "371520", "text": "Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz is the fourth book set in the Land of Oz written by L. Frank Baum and illustrated by John R. Neill. It was published on June 18, 1908 and reunites Dorothy Gale with the humbug Wizard from The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1900). This is one of only two of the original fourteen Oz books to be illustrated with watercolor paintings. Baum, having resigned himself to writing a series of Oz books, set up elements of this book in the prior Ozma of Oz (1907). He was not entirely pleased with this, as the introduction to Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz opens with the protest that he knows many tales of many lands, and hoped that children would permit him to tell them those tales. Written shortly after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and around the time Baum moved to California, the book starts with an earthquake in California. Dorothy and others are swallowed up by cracks in the earth, and fall into a cavern, where they begin their adventures. Very little of the story—six of the twenty chapters—actually takes place in Oz. As in Ozma of Oz before it, and in some of the books after, Oz is not the land where the adventures take place, but the land the characters are seeking as a refuge from adventure. Plot summary Dorothy Gale is gladly joining her Uncle Henry in California to visit relatives who live at Hugson's Ranch, after their vacation from Australia in Ozma of Oz. Dorothy meets Hugson's nephew who is her second cousin, Zeb of Hugson's Ranch. Dorothy, Eureka (her cat) and Zeb are riding a buggy being pulled by a cab-horse named Jim when a violent earthquake strikes. A crevice opens in the ground beneath them and they fall deep into the Earth. Dorothy, Eureka, Jim, Zeb, and the buggy land in the underground Land of the Mangaboos, a race of vegetable people who grow on vines. The Mangaboos accuse them of causing the earthquake, which has damaged many of their glass buildings. Just as they are about to be sentenced to death by the Mangaboos, a hot air balloon descends, and in the basket is the former Wizard of Oz, whom Dorothy last saw as he floated away into the sky from the Emerald City at the end of the earlier book The Wizard of Oz. The Wizard demonstrates his (humbug) magic powers in a contest with the Mangaboo Sorcerer, first, by \"conjuring\" nine tiny, mouse-sized piglets (actually taking them from his pocket by sleight-of-hand), and then, by lighting a fire, which is a phenomenon unknown to the Mangaboos. The Sorcerer threatens the Wizard, who responds by cutting him in two, revealing his vegetable nature. The Mangaboo prince gives the Wizard a temporary job as court wizard, but the death sentence is only postponed until a new, native Mangaboo Sorcerer grows ripe enough to serve. Eureka asks for permission to eat one of the piglets, but the", "title": "Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz" } ]	[ "Grauman 's Chinese Theatre" ]
train_7064	when did the haves and the have nots start	[ { "docid": "33433037", "text": "The Haves and the Have Nots is a 2012 American stage play created, produced, written, and directed by Tyler Perry. It stars Palmer Williams Jr. as Floyd and Patrice Lovely as Hattie. The live performance released on DVD on July 9, 2013 was recorded live in Atlanta at the Cobb Energy Performing Arts Centre on June 2012. The DVD was released alongside Temptation: Confessions of a Marriage Counselor. Tour Dates Cast Palmer Williams Jr. as Floyd Patrice Lovely as Hattie Tony Hightower as Frank Jeffery Lewis as Wallie Kislyck Halsey as Rose Maurice Lauchner as Lewis Alexis Jones as Diane The Band Ronnie Garrett - Musical Director/Bass Guitar Derek Scott - Guitar Marcus Williams - Drums Michael Burton - Saxophone Saunders Sermon - Trombone Natalie Ragins - Keyboards Melvin Jones - Trumpet Rashad Henderson - Background Vocals Greg Kirkland - Background Vocals Lindsey Fields - Background Vocals Musical Numbers All songs written and/or produced by Tyler Perry and Elvin D. Ross. \"He's Able\" - Rose \"Watch Your Man\" - Floyd \"Did You Know?\" - Diane \"Falling Apart\" - Hattie, Rose, Wallie and Frank \"You Gotta Go\" - Louis \"Jesus, I Call Upon Your Name\" - Hattie \"I Thank You\" - Wallie \"I Need You\" - Frank \"Winter Will Come (Pray In The Holy Ghost)\" - Entire Cast TV series adaptation The play was very loosely adapted into The Haves and the Have Nots on the OWN television station. Apart from featuring the lives of a wealthy family and poor-class one, the series significantly differed from the play. The series featured entirely new fictional characters, situations and cast. The television series quickly became one of OWN's most popular programs, pioneering scripted entertainment for that network. The show ran for 8 seasons from May 28, 2013 to July 20, 2021, on the Oprah Winfrey Network. External links Tyler Perry Official website The Haves and the Have Nots page Plays by Tyler Perry 2012 plays African-American plays", "title": "The Haves and the Have Nots (play)" }, { "docid": "38142969", "text": "The Haves and the Have Nots (sometimes referred to as Haves and Have Nots and abbreviated as HAHN) is an American crime drama and soap opera created, executive produced, written, and directed by Tyler Perry. The premise of the series is based on Perry's 2011 play of the same name. The Haves and the Have Nots premiered on May 28, 2013, and ran for 8 seasons on the Oprah Winfrey Network (OWN), for a total of 196 hour-long episodes. The series finale aired on Tuesday, July 20, 2021. As part of the show's finale, a two-part cast reunion special consisting of all The Have and Have Nots main characters in front of a live studio audience was televised, part 1 on July 27 and part 2 on August 3. The Haves and the Have Nots was ranked among the top 2 scripted cable series with a majority African American cast. The soap opera led the ratings for OWN programming throughout much of its series run. It averaged 2.8 million total viewers across its 196 episodes. During its highest rated years from 2014 to 2017, the program averaged more than 3.1 million viewers each year. It was reported in June 2021 that the program is the most-watched scripted cable series among African American women and households. The Haves and the Have Nots is the first scripted and first fictionalized television series to air on the Oprah Winfrey Network and is considered the network's first claim to fame. Amid struggles to keep her network afloat before debuting The Haves and the Have Nots, Oprah Winfrey was quoted in a 2012 interview as stating, “Had I known that it was this difficult, I might have done something else.” The success of The Haves and the Have Nots, however, opened the door to myriad other popular scripted dramas on Winfrey's network, including but not limited to Queen Sugar and Greenleaf. Synopsis The series follows three families and their lifestyles as they struggle to coexist among one another in Savannah, Georgia: the rich, powerful, and locally very public Cryer and Harrington families (originally regarded as \"The Haves\") and the poor and destitute Young family (originally regarded as \"The Have Nots\"). The Young family is headed by Hanna, a single mother who works as the Cryer family's maid and also serves as the best friend and confidante of the lady of the house, Katheryn. Included as part of The Have Nots is another domestic worker, initially for the Cryer family and later for the local hospital, Celine Gonzales. The Haves and the Have Nots centers on the toxicity, conflicts, corruption, hardships and dysfunctional family relations similarly experienced between the underprivileged Young family and their well-to-do counterparts, who only ostensibly live the life of Riley. Drastically and destructively flawed character traits abound from both rich and poor, perpetually creating for multidimensional chaos, tension and calamity. Circumstances on the program are regularly resolved through wild acts of violence, sabotage, rape, framing, murder, arson and other criminal acts. While", "title": "The Haves and the Have Nots (TV series)" } ]	[ { "docid": "57858116", "text": "Nicholas James Muscarella (born December 1, 1982), known professionally as Nicholas James and additionally variously credited as Nick James or Nicholas J. Muscarella, is an American actor with a recurring role, since 2016, as Officer Justin Lewis in the television series The Haves and the Have Nots. He also has appeared in Prom Night (2008) and NCIS: New Orleans (2014). His earliest credited film appearance was in Eating Out 2: Sloppy Seconds in 2006. James has appeared in television commercials for Grupo Modelo (in 2016) and Walmart (in 2014). Outside of acting, James has also worked as a model. Early life and education James was born in Greenville, Pennsylvania, the son of Gregory and Vicki Muscarella. He has an older brother, Michael. He attended Reynolds Junior – Senior High School, and later Penn State Behrend College, where he studied management and marketing. Career After attending Penn State Behrend College, James relocated to Hollywood, where he arrived with just $200 and worked providing bottle service at a bar while pursuing acting. James was initially interested in comedic roles, especially sketch comedy in the style of Saturday Night Live. In Los Angeles, he studied acting under the tutelage of various renowned figures, including legendary acting coach Vincent Chase, for whom the eponymous fictional character on the TV series Entourage was named. Actor Shia LaBeouf was among his classmates. Later, he attended classes at Upright Citizen's Brigade, thus returning to his earlier interest in improvisational and sketch comedy. James dropped his surname to form his stage name because, in his own words, \"I don't look too Italian and people trip over that name all the time.\" His original surname Muscarella has however appeared as part of one of three variations of his name in film and television credits. Personal life James currently resides in Los Angeles. He is vocal on political issues via Twitter, and maintains an Instagram account. His interests include the extreme sports skydiving and surfing as well as standup paddleboarding, snorkelling, hiking, animals and exotic teas. Since at least 2016, James has been in a relationship with his Haves and the Have Nots co-star Tika Sumpter. Their daughter, Ella-Loren, was born October 8, 2016. Despite numerous press outlets stating that James was the father, Sumpter did not confirm his paternity, then she revealed only his first name when announcing that they became engaged on Christmas Day in 2016. Filmography note: credited as Nicholas James, except where indicated Film Television References External links Living people 21st-century American male actors American male soap opera actors American people of Italian descent People from Greenville, Pennsylvania Smeal College of Business alumni Male actors from Los Angeles 1982 births", "title": "Nicholas James (actor)" }, { "docid": "57039222", "text": "Notting Hill Genesis (NHG) is a housing association formed in April 2018 by the merger of Notting Hill Housing and Genesis Housing Association. Notting Hill Genesis’ primary purpose is to work in the community to provide decent and affordable homes for lower-income households. It is one of the largest housing associations in South East England. It owns around 55,000 properties in London and a further 9,000 in the home counties and East Anglia, housing about 170,000 people. History Notting Hill Housing Trust Notting Hill Housing (NHH) was a social enterprise and registered charity providing affordable housing for Londoners. In 1963, Bruce Kenrick moved to Notting Hill and was shocked at the poor quality of housing that people were forced to live in. He began a fundraising drive, with the aim to raise enough money to buy one home to house several homeless families. As Michael White has written: \"Its first fundraiser was a stall on the Portobello Road market which raised £24. But Kenrick, a man of charismatic energy, which alternated with bouts of sometimes severe depression, learned quickly. Backed by clerical allies such Donald Mason, Geoffrey Ainger and Ken Bartlett, and concerned local people such as Sidney Miller and Pansy Jeffrey, the Trust's first advert – placed in The Guardian – raised £20,000. It was unprecedented.\" Notting Hill Housing Trust was born, and in its first year it bought five houses and housed 57 people. Within five years, it became a large presence in west London, housing nearly 1,000 people. John Coward, who joined the Trust in 1965, was the first employee and then the first Chief Executive. When he started, it had five properties; when he retired 21 years later, it was managing almost 8,000. The Trust raised funds from the public to buy dilapidated properties at auction. By renovating these houses to provide decent, affordable rented housing, it meant that some poor residents were not pushed out of the area. Over the years it has taken over various smaller housing associations, including three in 2009: Presentation, Croydon Peoples and Pathway, which took its housing stock to 25,000. Housing associations finance acquisitions and major repairs by borrowing, secured on their housing properties. In 2012 NHH borrowed £250 million by a bond issue at a record low interest rate for the sector of 3.78 per cent. In 2013 NHH commemorated its 50th anniversary with a series of events and activities which involved former and current staff, residents, supporters and sector colleagues. On 28 April 2014 an agreement was signed with Southwark Council confirming NHH as the development partner for the regeneration of the Aylesbury Estate. The agreement commits the partnership to delivering a master plan for 3,500 new homes; 50% of these will be affordable homes, of which 75% will be for social rent and 25% for shared ownership or equity. A minimum of 30% across all tenures will have three bedrooms or more. Construction of the new homes will start in 2016, with the entire regeneration project expected", "title": "Notting Hill Genesis" }, { "docid": "20240587", "text": "Russell Audley Ferdinand \"Russ\" Henderson (7 January 1924 – 18 August 2015) was a jazz musician on the piano and the steelpan. Originally from Trinidad and Tobago, he settled in England in the 1950s. He is most widely recognised as one of the founding figures of the Notting Hill Carnival in London, United Kingdom. Biography Russell Henderson was born in Belmont, Port-of-Spain, where he grew up. He founded the Russell Henderson Quartet in the 1940s and was soon well known in Trinidad, accompanying calypsonians such as Lord Pretender, Mighty Growler and Roaring Lion. He was also pianist for Beryl McBurnie's dance troupe at the Little Carib Theatre in Woodbrook, and taught melodies to the steelpan pioneer Ellie Mannette of Invaders Steelband. In 1951, Henderson travelled to England to study piano tuning at the North London Polytechnic. He settled in England and founded Britain's first steelband combo (The Russ Henderson Steel Band) with Mervyn Constantine and Sterling Betancourt in late 1952. They played their first gig at The Sunset Club at 50 Carnaby Street. Other compatriots Henderson worked with in the early London days were calypsonians Lord Kitchener and Young Tiger. From 1962 Henderson began playing on Sunday lunchtimes at the Coleherne pub on Old Brompton Road, Earls Court, where he wa joined by other West Indian jazz musicians including Joe Harriott and Shake Keane. Henderson was vitally involved in building up Notting Hill Carnival, having played at the first Children's Carnival there in 1964. In 1966, a street party for neighbourhood children turned into a carnival procession when Henderson decided to liven things up by leading his steel band down the street, followed by a growing crowd. He was a friend of the 606 Club in London, where he performed a monthly show with his revised jazz quartet, sharing the evening with the Al Whynette Band. In his retirement Henderson gave numerous interviews with BBC Radio 4 and BBC Four on his Notting Hill past. Russell Henderson died on 18 August 2015 at the age of 91. Honours In 2006, Henderson was appointed a member of The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire for Services to Music. On Friday, 24 August 2012, just prior to the Notting Hill Carnival weekend, the Nubian Jak Community Trust organised the unveiling of two blue plaques in Notting Hill at the junction of Tavistock Road known as \"Carnival Square\", to honour the contributions to the development of Carnival by two \"living giants\": Russell Henderson, the Trinidadian musician who led the first carnival parade in 1965, and Leslie Palmer, also from Trinidad and Tobago, who is credited with helping transform the local community festival into an internationally recognised event. Film The Pan Man: Russell Henderson – 22-minute documentary, directed by Michael McKenzie (2009)London Bibliography Contributor to Lloyd Bradley, Sounds Like London: 100 Years of Black Music in the Capital, 2013. Oral history British Library, Oral History of Jazz. Interviewed by Val Wilmer, 14 October 1993. References External links Hall of Fame, Notting Hill Carnival.", "title": "Russell Henderson" }, { "docid": "4783500", "text": "Survivor: Fiji is the fourteenth season of the American CBS competitive reality television series Survivor. The season was filmed in the Fiji Islands from October 30 until December 7, 2006, and aired from February 8, 2007, until the two-hour season finale on May 13, 2007, followed by a live reunion from Ed Sullivan Theater in New York City, where Earl Cole was named the Sole Survivor over Andria \"Dreamz\" Herd and Cassandra Franklin in the first unanimous vote of the show's history. This is, to date, the only season of Survivor to have an odd number of castaways, with 19, after a 20th castaway, Mellisa McNulty, withdrew the night before filming began. Due to the timing and lack of alternates, her spot could not be replaced. Gary Stritesky was the only contestant who applied to be on the show; McNulty and the other 18 contestants were recruited. The cast maintained a similarly racially diverse cast (with the intended 20 person cast containing equal amounts of African American, Asian American, Hispanic American, and European American castaways) as Survivor: Cook Islands, in a conscious effort intended to show that the racial diversity of Survivor: Cook Islands was not just a ratings stunt. Overview Gameplay This season introduced the \"Haves vs. Have Nots\" twist, regarded as one of the worst twists in Survivor history. At the start of the season, the 19 castaways lived on a single beach and built a furnished camp, including shelters built from pre-cut wood, a kitchen area with dishware, a shower, a toilet, furniture, and the means to maintain fire, with supplies provided by the production. When the castaways were divided into two tribes, the winning tribe, Moto, won the furnished camp while the losing tribe, Ravu, had to build a new camp from scratch, and given merely a pot and a machete to survive. During the broadcast of the season, host Jeff Probst admitted that this concept did not play out quite as the producers hoped, as it led to the \"haves\" tribe predictably dominating in the challenges over the \"have-nots\" week after week. Exile Island returned once again for Fiji, with new twists. Unlike previous seasons, there were two hidden immunity idols, with one hidden at each camp. The idol now had to be played before Jeff read the results of the voting, rather than after. Once a hidden immunity idol was used, it was rehidden rather than discarded. The idols were playable through the final five. Contestants The two tribes were Moto and Ravu, meaning \"spear\" and \"to kill\" in Fijian respectively, while the merged tribe Bula Bula means \"welcome\" or \"hello\" in Fijian. Notable contestants on this season including Miss Venezuela 1988 contestant Rita Verreos. Future appearances Yau-Man Chan later competed in Survivor: Micronesia. Outside of Survivor, Earl Cole appeared on an episode of the thirteenth season of Shark Tank. Cole was also a contestant on the 2022 USA Network reality competition series Snake in the Grass. Season summary Due to one player dropping", "title": "Survivor: Fiji" }, { "docid": "971830", "text": "The murder of Vera Page is a British unsolved child murder case from the early 1930s. On 14 December 1931, 10-year-old Vera Page was reported missing after she failed to return to her home in Notting Hill, London, from a visit to a nearby relative. The child's body was found two days later in undergrowth in nearby Addison Road. Vera had been raped, then manually strangled to death in a murder described by one detective as \"the most terrible in which I had to deal with during my career\". Strong physical and circumstantial evidence existed attesting to the guilt of a 41-year-old labourer named Percy Orlando Rush, whose parents lived in the same house as Vera. However, at a coroner's inquest held on 10 February 1932, a jury determined that insufficient real evidence existed to formally charge Rush with her murder. Officially, the case remains unsolved. Early life Vera Isobel Minnie Page was born on 13 April 1921 in Hammersmith, London, the only child born to Charles and Isabel Page. The Page family were working-class. Vera's father was employed as a painter with Great Western Railways and her mother was a housewife. Vera has been described as a popular yet shy and well-behaved girl. To supplement the family income, Charles and Isabel occasionally allowed lodgers to reside in their home, although these lodgers were always either family members or individuals known to the family. In January 1931, the Page family moved from Chapel Road, Notting Hill (now known as St. Marks Place), to a three-storey house in nearby Blenheim Crescent. The family did not occupy the whole house, but rooms on both the ground floor and basement. Other occupants who resided in the upper floors of this property included a middle-aged couple named Arthur and Annie Rush, who had lived within the property for approximately twenty years. Disappearance On 14 December 1931, Vera left her home at 22 Blenheim Crescent at 4:30 p.m. to walk approximately fifty yards to the home of her aunt, Minnie, who lived at number 70 Blenheim Crescent. The purpose of this short journey was to collect two swimming certificates she had been awarded but had left with her aunt the previous day. When Vera had not returned home by 5:30 p.m., her father paid a visit to her aunt, who informed him Vera had collected her swimming certificates and then left her home at approximately 4:45 p.m., intending to return home in time for her evening meal. Having first visited the homes of all of Vera's friends and relatives in the hope his daughter may be with an acquaintance, Charles visited Notting Hill police station to report Vera as missing at 10:25 p.m. Assisted by several friends and neighbours, Vera's parents continued their search for her throughout the evening and into the morning. The following day, the child's physical description was circulated among local police and by the evening of 15 December, local media had been notified of her disappearance. Via extensive inquiries, investigators determined", "title": "Murder of Vera Page" }, { "docid": "1664460", "text": "Maxïmo Park are an alternative rock band from the U.K. Formed in 2000 in Newcastle upon Tyne. The band consists of Paul Smith (vocals), Duncan Lloyd (guitar), and Tom English (drums). The band have released seven studio albums: A Certain Trigger (2005), Our Earthly Pleasures (2007), Quicken The Heart (2009), The National Health (2012), Too Much Information (2014), Risk to Exist (2017) and Nature Always Wins (2021). The first two albums went gold in the UK and their debut was nominated for the Mercury Prize. History Formation and early releases (2000–2003) The band was created by guitarist Duncan Lloyd and is named after Máximo Gómez Park (also known as Domino Park), located in Little Havana, Miami. Initially, the four founding members played several small shows including Manchester's In the City, which showcases unsigned bands in the UK. In 2003, the band decided they wanted a frontman as the original singers, Archis and Duncan, wanted to focus on writing the songs. The then-girlfriend of the drummer Tom English noticed his friend Paul Smith singing along to Stevie Wonder's \"Superstition\". When Smith was found, the band did not know if he could sing: \"When he first joined we didn't know if he could; just that he was a lunatic jumping around in a suit, it felt like the last piece of the jigsaw\". With Smith joining the band gave him demos of their songs and from then on they started writing as a unit. A Certain Trigger (2004–2005) Around March 2004, a friend funded 300 copies of a 7\" red vinyl single (\"Graffiti\" / \"Going Missing\") which was recorded by Duncan Lloyd in his and Thomas English's flat in Fenham, Newcastle. The band's second release was a 7\" single of their songs \"The Coast Is Always Changing\" and \"The Night I Lost My Head\", recorded by Paul Epworth. After some time of doing gigs around their home town, Steve Beckett of the dance-electronic label Warp Records acquired one of these records and decided to sign the band to his label after also seeing the band perform at the Notting Hill Arts Club hosted by Creation Records founder Alan McGee. In 2005, Maxïmo Park released their first album, A Certain Trigger, which sold over 300,000 copies and was nominated for the Mercury Prize in July 2005. In July, Maxïmo Park had the honour of being the first band to play the Ibiza Rocks festival on its opening event. In December 2006, the band were brought to Shanghai by Split Works and were one of the earlier big-name acts from abroad to play in China. Our Earthly Pleasures (2006–2007) In August 2006, the band announced that they had started work on their next album, which was produced by Gil Norton and recorded at Rak Studios in St John's Wood in London. On 22 January 2007, the band announced that their second album, Our Earthly Pleasures, would be released on 2 April 2007, preceded by the album's lead single, \"Our Velocity\", on 19 March 2007.", "title": "Maxïmo Park" }, { "docid": "76337243", "text": "Francis Angelo Theodore Phillips (3 August 1857 – 15 February 1936) was an English footballer who played in the 1880 FA Cup Final. Early life Phillips was born in Notting Hill, London, in 1857, the son of Major-General George Phillips and Sophia, née Haultain. He was educated at Winchester College, an early adopter of association football, starting on a scholarship in 1869, and received a silver medal for academic performance in 1876. He passed the entrance exam for the University of Oxford in 1875, being accepted by Balliol College, but he did not matriculate until 1878, when he was 21. He did not graduate, but passed the Indian Civil Service examinations in the same year, and was transferred before taking his final University exams. Football career Phillips played for the Winchester first six under the school's own code in 1873, and made his competitive debut in association football as one of the two half-backs for the Oxford University side which beat Birmingham Cricket & Football Club in the second round in the 1879–80 FA Cup. His next three appearances came in a single week in March; two quarter-final ties against the Royal Engineers and, in between, the Varsity match against Cambridge - the Dark Blues won the Cup replay, the Light Blues the Varsity. Phillips' crossing was a feature of Oxford's surprise win over Nottingham Forest in the semi-final, and, in the final against Clapham Rovers, he came \"within an ace\" of opening the scoring from a free-kick, but the Rovers clinched the game with a late goal. Post-football career The Cup final was his last match of any note as his Civil Service role required him to go to India, arriving there in November 1880. He served as the assistant commissioner, and personal assistant to the Chief Commissioner, in Central Provinces. He rose to Commissioner rank, and served briefly as Chief Commissioner in March 1907. He retired to Eastbourne in 1908. Personal life Phillips married Catherine Robbins in Eastbourne on 27 December 1890. The couple had two children; a son, Harold, who died in infancy, and a daughter, Violet, both children being born in India. Phillips died in 1936 at the Hyde Gardens nursing home in Eastbourne. References 1857 births 1936 deaths English men's footballers Oxford University A.F.C. players Men's association football midfielders Footballers from the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea People from Notting Hill People educated at Winchester College", "title": "Francis Phillips (footballer)" }, { "docid": "25177256", "text": "The term Notting Hill set refers to an informal group of young figures who were in prominent leadership positions in the Conservative Party, or close advisory positions around the former party leader and Prime Minister, David Cameron. Several of the group studied at Oxford University. The term was coined by Derek Conway in July 2004, before Cameron became leader. It was intended to be pejorative, as Conway was one of the 'bed blockers' preventing the party modernising. The term is in reference to all of them having lived in Notting Hill, in west London, although the group's two leading players, Cameron and George Osborne, by 2006 no longer lived in Notting Hill. The set is often seen as symbolic of the wing of the party that dominated the leadership during Cameron's time as leader of the Conservative Party. It combines traditional centre right economic views with socially liberal and environmentally friendly stances on other issues. The group refer to themselves as the \"Smith Square set\" and at the time of the 1992 General Election, were often referred to as the \"Brat Pack\". Members The following have been reported to be its members: David Cameron, Shadow Secretary of State for Education and Skills (2005), Leader of the Opposition (2005–2010) and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (2010–2016) George Osborne, Shadow Chief Secretary to the Treasury (2004–2005), Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer (2005–2010), Chancellor of the Exchequer (2010–2016) and First Secretary of State (2015–2016) Michael Gove, Shadow Secretary of State for Children, Schools and Families (2007–2010), Secretary of State for Education (2010–2014), Chief Whip of the House of Commons (2014–2015) and Secretary of State for Justice (2015–2016) Ed Vaizey, Minister for Culture, Communications and Creative Industries (2010–2016) Nick Boles, Minister of State for Skills and Equalities (2014–2016) Steve Hilton, former Director of Strategy at Conservative Campaign Headquarters Rachel Whetstone, Hilton's wife and head of Google's division in Europe until June 2015 Edward Llewellyn, Downing Street Chief of Staff (2010–2016) The Baroness Fall, Downing Street Deputy Chief of Staff (2010–2016) The Lord Feldman of Elstree, Chairman of the Conservative Party (2010–2016) Post Cameron era Following the resignation of David Cameron, the remaining nine members were fully removed from power by Theresa May, following her victory in the leadership election of June 2016, and the formation of the May Ministry in July 2016. However, following the general election of 2017, Gove made a return to the Cabinet as Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs and also went on to serve in the Cabinet under Boris Johnson (2019-2022) and Sunak (2022 - date). Cameron himself made a surprise return as Foreign Secretary in November 2023. See also Chipping Norton set References Conservative Party (UK) factions David Cameron Political neologisms 2004 in the United Kingdom Politics of the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea Notting Hill", "title": "Notting Hill set" }, { "docid": "46932898", "text": "Aaron John O'Connell (born April 8, 1986) is an American model and actor. O'Connell is best known for his portrayal of Wyatt Cryer in the prime time television drama The Haves and the Have Nots which airs on the Oprah Winfrey Network. Early life O'Connell is the only son of Mark O'Connell, a former player for the Cincinnati Bengals and Kathryn Deeble O'Connell. He has three sisters, Amy, Abby and Anna. He graduated from Cathedral High School in 2004 where he played football, basketball and baseball. As a child, his maternal grandfather Wayne taught him how to play the piano. In 2008, O'Connell graduated from Purdue University's College of Health and Human Sciences where he received a bachelor's degree in Health and Fitness. Personal life O'Connell became engaged to his girlfriend, model Natalie Pack on September 4, 2017. The couple were married on July 21, 2018 at Lake Como in Italy. In 2013, he gained his private pilot’s license, and flies a Cirrus SR22. Career Modeling In 2006, O'Connell signed to Ford Models while still in college. He has been featured in major publications like GQ, Vanity Fair, Vogue, Vogue Paris, Arena Homme +, VMAN. O'Connell has also represented brands like Abercrombie & Fitch, Hanes, Lucky Jeans, Ralph Lauren, Champion and Jockey. Acting Starting his career at the Actors Studio in Chicago, O'Connell permanently relocated to Los Angeles so he could continue modeling, and start acting. O'Connell started acting classes. He eventually booked several commercials, including the Liquid-Plumr where he caught the eye of Tyler Perry. O'Connell initially thought it was a joke when he was contacted by Perry's production company about auditioning for a role in a new television series. Perry contacted O'Connell himself and asked him to audition over Skype. Perry then traveled to Los Angeles to meet with O'Connell about the role of Wyatt on The Haves and the Have Nots. O'Connell was actually the first of the ensemble to be cast. In 2015, he starred in the seasonal comedy for Hallmark Channel 12 Gifts of Christmas as Marc Rehnquist, a company executive who hires a personal shopper and discovers the true spirit of Christmas is not money, and also played a leading part in A Prince for Christmas. In 2017, he starred in Hallmark Channel’s With Love, Christmas, as 'Donovan Goodwin', with Emilie Ullerup as his co-star. Filmography References External links Aaron O'Connell, Ford Models 1986 births People from Carmel, Indiana 21st-century American male actors American male television actors Purdue University College of Health and Human Sciences alumni Living people Male actors from Indiana Male actors from Dayton, Ohio", "title": "Aaron O'Connell" }, { "docid": "25751958", "text": "Big Brother Brasil 8 was the eighth season of Big Brother Brasil which premiered January 8, 2008 with the season finale airing March 25, 2008 on the Rede Globo television network. The show is produced by Endemol Globo and presented by news reporter Pedro Bial. The season was officially confirmed since 2001 as part of the original contract between international Endemol and Rede Globo that provided seasons until 2008. The grand prize was R$1 million with tax allowances, with a R$100,000 prize offered to the runner up and a R$50,000 prize offered to the 3rd place. In the end, 26-year-old musician Rafinha Ribeiro from Campinas, SP, won the competition over student Gyselle Soares with 50.15% of the final vote. There were 75 million votes cast on the season finale, the show's record at the time. Overview There were fourteen housemates competing for the grand prize, a decrease over the previous season. The season introduced the \"big phone\" and the \"haves and have-nots\" concept. It lasted 78 days, a decrease of one week over the previous season. Controversy On week 7, journalism student and housemate Juliana Góes fainted inside a glass chamber during an endurance competition. Newspapers and websites proclaimed Big Brother Brasil to be inhumane. However, the show was unaffected by the negative press. Housemates The cast list was unveiled on January 3, 2008. (ages stated at time of contest) Future appearances In 2010, Natália Casassola was contender to be a competitor on Big Brother Brasil 10, but ultimately did not return, eventually in 2013 she returned in Big Brother Brasil 13 and finished in 4th place. In 2023, Gyselle Soares appeared on A Grande Conquista 1, she have to compete for a place to enter in the game, Gyselle won her place in the mansion and finished the game 4th place. Voting history Notes Have and Have-Nots References External links Big Brother Brasil 8 Terra: BBB8 2008 Brazilian television seasons 08", "title": "Big Brother Brasil 8" }, { "docid": "2994047", "text": "North Kensington is an area of west London. It is north of Notting Hill and south of Kensal Green and in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea. The names North Kensington and Ladbroke Grove describe the same area. North Kensington is where most of the violence of the Notting Hill race riots of 1958 occurred, and where the Notting Hill Carnival started. Ladbroke Grove tube station was called Notting Hill from its opening in 1864 until 1880, and Notting Hill and Ladbroke Grove between then and 1919, when it was renamed Ladbroke Grove (North Kensington). It acquired its current name in 1938. The area was also once served by St. Quintin Park and Wormwood Scrubs railway station, until it closed in 1940. North Kensington was once known for its slum housing, but housing prices have now risen and the area on the whole is considered exclusive and upmarket, although expensive residences are interspersed with lower-income areas like the Lancaster West Estate. Crossrail Just to the east of the Old Oak Common site, Kensington and Chelsea Council has been pushing for a station at North Kensington/Kensal off Ladbroke Grove and Canal Way, as a turn-back facility will have to be built in the area anyway. Siting it at Kensal Green, rather than next to Paddington itself, would provide a new station to regenerate the area. Amongst the general public there is a huge amount of support for the project and Mayor Boris Johnson stated that a station would be added if it did not increase Crossrail's overall cost; in response, Kensington and Chelsea Council agreed to underwrite the projected £33 million cost of a crossrail station, which was received very well by the residents of the borough. TfL is conducting a feasibility study on the station and the project is backed by National Grid, retailers Sainsbury's and Cath Kidston, and Jenny Jones (Green Party member of the London Assembly). Grenfell Tower fire Grenfell Tower on the Lancaster West Estate in North Kensington was destroyed by fire in the early hours of 14 June 2017. The fire killed 72 people and is the subject of a public inquiry. Notable residents and natives Joss Ackland, actor, born in North Kensington on 29 February 1928 David Cameron, former Prime Minister and leader of the Conservative Party, resides in North Kensington Nick Clarke, radio and television presenter and journalist, lived and died in North Kensington Danny Dichio, footballer, grew up in North Kensington Sabrina Guinness, former girlfriend of Prince Charles, resides in North Kensington Alan Johnson (born 1950), British Labour Party politician and former Home Secretary, author of the autobiography This Boy: A Memoir of a Childhood., lived in Southam Street in North Kensington as a child. Martin Lewis, financial journalist, resides in North Kensington Mary Miller, television and theatrical actress, resides in North Kensington Alan Mullery, footballer, born in Notting Hill, 23 November 1941 John Murray, Middlesex and England wicketkeeper, born in North Kensington, 1 April 1935 References External links Notting Hill Nonsense,", "title": "North Kensington" }, { "docid": "3096750", "text": "Erwin (Sid) Engst (1918–2003; ) was an American advisor to the People's Republic of China. Education Engst attended Cornell University from 1939 to 1941 majoring in agropastoral studies. Career He moved to China in 1946 to assist in developments in agriculture and later to participate in the construction of that country's socialist economy. He married Joan Hinton in 1949 in Yan'an. They worked at a farm near Xi'an and moved to Beijing to work as translators and editors at the beginning of the Cultural Revolution in 1966. On August 29, 1966, Hinton, Engst and two other Americans living in China signed a big-character poster with the following text: \"Which monsters and freaks are pulling the strings so foreigners get this kind of treatment? Foreigners working in China, no matter what class background they have, no matter what their attitude is toward the revolution, they all get the 'five nots and two haves': the five nots - first: no physical labour, second: no thought reform, third: no chances of contacts with workers and peasants, fourth: no participation in class struggle, fifth: no participation in production struggle; the two haves - first: they have an exceptionally high living standard, second: they have all kinds of specialisation. What kind of concept is that? This is Khrushchevism, this is revisionist thinking, this is class exploitation! [...] We demand: [...] Seventh: the same living standard and the same level of Chinese staff; eighth: no specialisation any more. Long live the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution!\" News of the poster made its way to Mao Zedong, who approved of its contents, remarking in a September 8, 1966 letter to Lin Biao and other leaders that the Americans should indeed be treated equally. In 1972, Hinton and Engst started working in agriculture again at the Beijing Red Star Commune. In a 1996 interview with Andrea Koppel of CNN, after nearly 50 years in China, Hinton stated \"[we] never intended to stay in China so long, but were too caught up to leave.\" Hinton describes the changes she and Engst had witnessed in China since the beginning of the economic reforms of Deng Xiaoping in the late 1970s. They state they \"have watched their socialist dream fall apart\" as much of China embraced capitalism. Koppel noted that \"Once considered radical leftists by their native countrymen, Hinton and Engst are now too radical for most of China's countrymen.\" Personal In 1949, Engst married Joan Hinton (1921 – 2010), a nuclear physicist, in Yan'an, Shaanxi Province, China. Engst had two sons, Bill and Fred Engst and a daughter, Karen Engst. Following Engst's death in 2003, Hinton lived alone on a farm near Beijing until her death on June 8, 2010. Their three children have moved to the United States, though Hinton notes \"They probably would have stayed if China were still socialist.\" Their eldest son, Yang Heping (Fred Engst), moved back to Beijing in 2007 as a professor at the University of International Business and Economics. Literature Dao-yuan Chou: Silage Choppers", "title": "Erwin Engst" }, { "docid": "1524929", "text": "Ladbroke Grove is a London Underground station on the Circle and Hammersmith & City lines, between Latimer Road and Westbourne Park stations, and in Travelcard Zone 2 set in The Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea. History Originally opened by the Hammersmith and City Railway on 13 June 1864, the station was originally named Notting Hill. With the extension of that line from Paddington to Hammersmith it was renamed Notting Hill & Ladbroke Grove in 1880 and Ladbroke Grove (North Kensington) on 1 June 1919 before acquiring the present name in 1938. The renamings were efforts to avoid confusion with the opening of Notting Hill Gate tube station, which had occurred in 1868. The station is named after the street of the same name, where its main entrance is located. The station is the nearest to Portobello Road Market and market traders and shopkeepers in the market have started a campaign to have the station renamed Portobello Road in an effort to strengthen recognition of the market's proximity. It is worth noting that the roundels at platform level do say \"For Portobello Road\" underneath the station name in smaller text, enabling passengers to alight if they are looking for the market. In 2009, because of financial constraints, TfL decided to stop work on a project to provide step-free access at Ladbroke Grove and five other stations, on the grounds that these are relatively quiet stations and some are already one or two stops away from an existing step-free station. Ladbroke Grove is two stops away from Wood Lane which has step-free access. The project at Ladbroke Grove would have provided two new lifts to platform level and a new step-free entrance. £3.06 million was spent on Ladbroke Grove before the project was halted. Gallery See also Planned Crossrail station References External links London Transport Museum Photographic Archive Circle line (London Underground) stations Hammersmith & City line stations Tube stations in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea Buildings and structures in Notting Hill Former Hammersmith and City Railway stations Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1864 North Kensington Ladbroke Grove", "title": "Ladbroke Grove tube station" }, { "docid": "5604580", "text": "Tim Notting (born 21 October 1978) is a former two-time premiership winning Australian rules footballer with the Brisbane Lions in the Australian Football League (AFL). Early life Notting was born in Wycheproof, Victoria. He moved with his family to Stawell, Victoria where he began playing in the Under 13s before playing for nearby club Navarre at the age of 14. During his final year of high school Notting was invited to play with the North Ballarat Rebels in the TAC Cup competition in 1996. It wasn't until he impressed with North Ballarat that he was invited to the Richmond Football Club's reserves where he played four impressive games before catching the eyes of AFL recruiters. Richmond, however failed to draft the teenager. Australian Football League career Notting was recruited by Brisbane with the number 26 draft selection in the 1996 AFL Draft from Navarre. Notting is noted for his long right foot kicking, and has played in a variety of positions over his career. After not managing a senior game in his first year on Brisbane's list in 1997, Notting made his debut for the Brisbane Lions in Round 8, 1998 against Essendon. He received an AFL Rising Star nomination in 1999 and was a member of Brisbane's first two premierships in 2001 and 2002. In 2003 he missed their third consecutive premiership due to a knee injury, but he returned in 2004, playing in every game, including his 100th game. He also played in Brisbane's loss to Port Adelaide in the 2004 AFL Grand Final. In 2006, Notting celebrated his 150th game for the Lions in a come-from-behind 10-point win over at the Gabba. It was to be the Lions' last win for the season as they lost their final six games by an average of 51 points. In 2009 in Round 10, Notting played his 200th game in an 18-point win against at Etihad Stadium. In September 2009, Notting announced his retirement at the season end. He played his last game for the Lions in a 51-point loss to the in the First Semi Final at the Melbourne Cricket Ground. In October 2009, Notting announced that he would join the Labrador Tigers for the 2010 QAFL season. Personal life He is married to Australian Olympic swimmer Jodie Henry. They have three children together. Statistics \|- \|- style=\"background-color: #EAEAEA\" ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" \| 1998 \|style=\"text-align:center;\"\| \| 39 \|\| 5 \|\| 0 \|\| 0 \|\| 24 \|\| 30 \|\| 54 \|\| 8 \|\| 7 \|\| 0.0 \|\| 0.0 \|\| 4.8 \|\| 6.0 \|\| 10.8 \|\| 1.6 \|\| 1.4 \|- ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" \| 1999 \|style=\"text-align:center;\"\| \| 39 \|\| 12 \|\| 13 \|\| 10 \|\| 78 \|\| 42 \|\| 120 \|\| 42 \|\| 7 \|\| 1.1 \|\| 0.8 \|\| 6.5 \|\| 3.5 \|\| 10.0 \|\| 3.5 \|\| 0.6 \|- style=\"background-color: #EAEAEA\" ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" \| 2000 \|style=\"text-align:center;\"\| \| 8 \|\| 11 \|\| 5 \|\| 3 \|\| 72 \|\| 58 \|\| 130 \|\| 38 \|\| 11 \|\| 0.5 \|\| 0.3 \|\| 6.5", "title": "Tim Notting" }, { "docid": "1150325", "text": "Notting Hill Gate is one of the main thoroughfares in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea. Historically the street was a location for toll gates, from which it derives its modern name. Location At Ossington Street/Kensington Palace Gardens, the Bayswater Road becomes Notting Hill Gate, continuing westward until it becomes Holland Park Avenue, just before it reaches Ladbroke Grove. Notting Hill Gate is distinct from Notting Hill, although the two are often confused, with \"Notting Hill\" being used as an abbreviation of \"Notting Hill Gate\" and \"Notting Hill Gate\" suggesting to outsiders that it is the full description of Notting Hill. In fact, however, the street named Notting Hill Gate is well to the south of the hill (with its summit at the junction of Ladbroke Grove and Kensington Park Gardens) which gives its name to the area known (long before the establishment of the Notting Hill toll gate) as Notting Hill. Character Notting Hill Gate is home to a variety of stores, restaurants, cafés and estate agents as well as more specialist stores which include rare records and antiques, as well as two historic cinemas, the Coronet (originally opened as a theatre in 1898) and the Gate, as well as also several bars and clubs. 1950s redevelopment Much of the street was redeveloped in the 1950s with two large tower blocks being erected on the north and south sides of the street. At this time Notting Hill Gate tube station was also redeveloped linking two stations on the Circle and District and Central lines which had previously been accessed on either side of the street with an entirely underground station enabling interchange between the deep level Central Line and the sub-surface Circle and District Lines. The new tube station also acts as a pedestrian subway under the widened Notting Hill Gate, the subway leading to the ticket office, a toilet (now closed) and a newsagent (now closed). Not all of Notting Hill Gate's original features were lost when it was redeveloped however, one good example of this being the Notting Hill Coronet. Previously a theatre, it was converted into a cinema in 1923, and was saved from demolition by local activists in 1972 and 1989. In 2004, its long-term future was secured by the Kensington Temple who acquired the site with the intention of continuing to provide independent cinema. The Coronet is one of two famous cinemas on Notting Hill Gate, the other being the Gate which opened in 1911 and still retains its Edwardian plasterwork, including a heavily coffered ceiling. Transport links London Underground Notting Hill Gate is the site of Notting Hill Gate tube station which is on the Central, District and Circle lines. London Buses It is also on the route of the 27, 28, 31, 52, 70, 94, 148, 328, 390, 452, N28, N31, N52 and N207 buses. There are several bus stops along both sides of Notting Hill Gate. Oxford Tube coach service It is also on the route of the 24-hour Oxford", "title": "Notting Hill Gate" }, { "docid": "2922219", "text": "Michael X (17 August 1933 – 16 May 1975), born Michael de Freitas, was a Trinidad and Tobago-born self-styled black revolutionary and civil rights activist in 1960s London. He was also known as Michael Abdul Malik and Abdul Malik. Convicted of murder in 1972, Michael X was executed by hanging in 1975 in Port of Spain's Royal Gaol. Biography Michael de Freitas was born in Belmont, Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago, to an \"Obeah-practising black woman from Barbados and an absent Portuguese father from St Kitts\". Encouraged by his mother to pass for white, \"Red Mike\" was a headstrong youth and was expelled from school at the age of 14. In 1957, he emigrated to the United Kingdom, where he settled in London and worked as an enforcer and frontman for Peter Rachman, the notorious slum landlord. He professed to dislike the role, but it paid for his lifestyle. Appearing to look for a way out, he became involved in the radical politics and groups active in and around Notting Hill. By the mid-1960s, he had become known as Michael X. \"Michael X\" became a well-known exponent of Black Power in London. Writing in The Observer in 1965, Colin McGlashan called him the \"authentic voice of black bitterness.\" In 1965, under the name Abdul Malik, he founded the Racial Adjustment Action Society (RAAS). In 1967, he was involved with the counterculture/hippie organisation the London Free School (LFS) through his contact with John \"Hoppy\" Hopkins, which both helped widen the reach of the group, at least in the Notting Hill area, and create problems with local police who disliked his involvement. Michael and the LFS were instrumental in organising the first outdoor Notting Hill Carnival later that year. Later that year, he became the first non-white person to be charged and imprisoned under the UK's Race Relations Act, which was designed to protect Britain's Black and Asian populations from discrimination. He was sentenced to 12 months in prison, having been arrested on the accusation of using words likely to stir up hatred \"against a section of the public in Great Britain distinguished by colour\". This was after his speech at an event in Reading when he said, referring to the Notting Hill race riots: \"In 1958, I saw white savages kicking black women in the streets and black brothers running away. If you ever see a white laying hands on a black woman, kill him immediately.\" He also said \"white men have no soul\". In 1969, he became the self-appointed leader of a Black Power commune on Holloway Road, North London, called the \"Black House\". The commune was financed by a young millionaire benefactor, Nigel Samuel. Michael X said, \"They've made me the archbishop of violence in this country. But that 'get a gun' rhetoric is over. We're talking of really building things in the community needed by people in the community. We're keeping a sane approach.\" John Lennon and Yoko Ono donated a bag of their hair to be", "title": "Michael X" }, { "docid": "51273714", "text": "The Salt Wells Pilot Plant was a facility established by the Manhattan Project at the Naval Ordnance Test Station (NOTS) at Inyokern, California, where non-nuclear explosive components of nuclear weapons were manufactured. The first explosives were melted, mixed and poured on 25 July 1945. Between 1945 and 1954, it manufactured explosive components of the Fat Man, Mark 4, Mark 5 and Mark 12 nuclear bombs. The Salt Wells Pilot Plant also helped design, equip, and train workers for the Burlington AEC Plant in Iowa and the Pantex Plant in Texas. The Salt Wells Pilot Plant closed on 30 June 1954. Background In the early 1930s, an emergency landing field was built by the Works Progress Administration in the Mojave Desert near the small town of Inyokern, California. Opened in 1935, it was acquired by the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) in 1942 after the United States became involved in World War II, and became part of the Muroc Bombing and Gunnery Range. In 1943, the Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD) contracted with the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) for the testing and evaluation of rockets for the Navy. A suitable test area was required for this convenient to Pasadena, California, so the area was transferred from the Army to the Navy in October 1943, and commissioned as the Naval Ordnance Test Station (NOTS), Inyokern, on 8 November 1943, under the command of Captain Sherman E. Burroughs, Jr. Workshops, laboratories and facilities were constructed for over 600 men. During 1944, NOTS worked on the development and testing of the 3.5-inch, 5-inch, HVAR and 11.75-inch (Tiny Tim) rockets. By late 1944, rocket development and testing work began to taper off, and production models started to reach the Navy and USAAF in quantity. The director of the OSRD, Vannevar Bush, saw an opportunity to use some of the expertise at Caltech on another secret wartime project he was involved with, the Manhattan Project. Bush arranged for Charles C. Lauritsen, the head of the rocket team at Caltech, to visit the Los Alamos Laboratory, and meet with the project director, Major General Leslie R. Groves, Jr., the laboratory director, Robert Oppenheimer, and senior scientists. Oppenheimer and Lauritsen knew each other well, as Oppenheimer had worked at Caltech before the war. In addition to its scientists, Caltech also possessed an experienced procurement team, headed by Trevor Gardner. This group worked closely with its counterpart at Los Alamos, which was headed by Lieutenant Colonel Robert W. Lockridge. All the work done at NOTS on behalf of the Manhattan Project came under the codename Project Camel. The name is said to have come from a remark by a Los Alamos scientist that once a camel (meaning Caltech) gets its nose under a tent flap it is hard to dislodge. The Los Alamos Laboratory was engaged in the development of an implosion-type nuclear weapon, codenamed Fat Man. This used explosive lenses to focus an explosion onto a spherical shape using a combination of both slow", "title": "Salt Wells Pilot Plant" }, { "docid": "1635862", "text": "The Notting Hill Mystery (1862–1863) is an English-language detective novel written under the pseudonym Charles Felix, with illustrations by George du Maurier. The author's identity was never revealed, but several critics have suggested posthumously Charles Warren Adams (1833–1903), a lawyer known to have written other novels under pseudonyms. It is seen as one of the first detective novels in the English language, if not the first. History The Notting Hill Mystery first appeared as an eight-part serial in Once A Week magazine beginning on 29 November 1862, then as a single-volume novel in 1865 published by Saunders, Otley, and Company, with illustrations by George du Maurier (grandfather of Daphne du Maurier). The magazine editors stated that the manuscript was submitted to them under the pseudonym \"Charles Felix\". In 1952, William Buckler identified Charles Warren Adams (1833–1903) as the author of The Notting Hill Mystery and in January 2011, Paul Collins, a writer, editor and academic, writing in The New York Times Book Review, came to the same conclusion. Adams, a lawyer, was the sole proprietor of Saunders, Otley & Co., which published another book by \"Charles Felix\" called Velvet Lawn, and an edition of The Notting Hill Mystery in 1865. Collins bases his theory on several lines of evidence, including a reference to Felix's identity as Adams in a 14 May 1864 \"Literary Gossip\" column of The Manchester Times: \"It is understood that Velvet Lawn, by Charles Felix, the new novel announced by Messrs. Saunders, Otley & Co., is by Mr. Charles Warren Adams, now the sole representative of that firm.\" Some critics – including Julian Symons, a crime writer and poet – believe it to be the first modern detective novel, though it was later overshadowed by works by Wilkie Collins and Émile Gaboriau, which usually receive that accolade. Some aspects of detective fiction can also be found in R. D. Blackmore's sensation novel Clara Vaughan (written in 1853, published in 1864), about the daughter of a murder victim seeking her father's killer, but Adams's novel contains several innovations, such as the main character presenting evidence of his own findings through diary entries, family letters, depositions, chemical analysts report and crime scene map. These techniques would not become common until the 1920s. Symons said it \"quite bowled me over\" how far ahead of its time it was. Plot Source documents compiled by insurance investigator Ralph Henderson are used to build a case against Baron \"R___\", who is suspected of murdering his wife. The baron's wife died from drinking a bottle of acid, apparently while sleepwalking in her husband's private laboratory. Henderson's suspicions are raised when he learns that the baron recently had purchased five life insurance policies for his wife. As Henderson investigates the case, he discovers not one but three murders. The plot hinges on the dangers of mesmerism, a subject explored in fiction earlier by Isabella Frances Romer. Although the baron's guilt is clear to the reader even from the outset, how he did it remains a", "title": "The Notting Hill Mystery" }, { "docid": "36123743", "text": "Tyler Lepley (born March 24, 1987) is an American actor who portrays Benjamin \"Benny\" Young on the Tyler Perry produced prime time soap opera The Haves and the Have Nots; which is the first scripted television series to air on the Oprah Winfrey Network. Early life and education Lepley was born and raised in Philadelphia by his mother and stepfather, who has been in his life since the age of 6. Lepley is Italian on his mother's side and Jamaican on his biological father's side. Lepley revealed that he was teased as a child because he was the only biracial kid in his school. He graduated from Central Bucks High School West in Doylestown. Lepley did several sports including track, football, basketball, karate—as a young child—and boxing but focused more on football as he got older. Lepley played football in high school under the name Tyler Dinnis. In June 2003, he suffered an injury which nearly ended his football career and later underwent surgery. By the summer of 2004, Lepley was back on the field and was selected as the MVP at sports camp for Villanova University. He attended Kutztown University on a football scholarship. Lepley played football for the university until the fall of 2007. Lepley went on to graduate from Kutztown in 2010 with a degree in criminal justice. Lepley accepted a friend's offer to relocate to Los Angeles in 2011 and found work as a personal trainer at Iron Fitness Gym in Santa Monica. Career About three months after he settled in Los Angeles, Lepley was discovered by a producer at a boxing gym who invited him to audition. From that meeting, he booked a lead role in an independent horror movie, Slumber Party Slaughter. Lepley, reluctantly took his agent's advice to get serious about acting and enrolled in acting classes and he soon made his acting debut in an episode of The CW's 90210. In 2013, he booked the role of Benny on Tyler Perry's The Haves and the Have Nots after a long casting process. Lepley was quite surprised when Perry came to the audition dressed as his famous Madea character because he was shooting a movie at the time. Lepley also appeared in the 2013 comedy Baggage Claim starring Paula Patton. In early 2016, Lepley booked the lead role of Jaxon in the made-for-television film, produced by Swirl Films Ringside, directed by Russ Parr. The film premiered in September 2016 TV One. His costars included Everybody Hates Chris actor Tequan Richmond and R&B singer Sevyn Streeter. In 2019, Lepley was cast a series regular in the Starz drama, P-Valley. In 2020, he was cast in Harlem Tracy Oliver Amazon comedy series. Filmography Film Television References External links 1987 births Male actors from Philadelphia American male television actors Living people American people of Italian descent American people of Jamaican descent Kutztown University of Pennsylvania alumni", "title": "Tyler Lepley" }, { "docid": "50998235", "text": "Zainulabedin Gulamhusain Rangoonwala (July 1, 1913 – May 28, 1994) was the co-founder and managing director of the Bombay Mercantile Cooperative Bank. This became one of the largest cooperative banks in India and also in Asia. Early life and career Born on 1 July 1913 in Rangoon, Burma and orphaned at the age of twelve, Rangoonwala had his early education at a boarding school and after matriculation joined Davar's College for acquiring necessary knowledge in banking, co-operation and accountancy. He started his career with the Central Bank of India - under the guidance of Sir Sorabji Pochkhanawala who trained and mentored him in practical banking. The experience of seven years with Central Bank of India brought him closer to the operations and functioning of various banks. He was convinced that though the commercial banks mobilised deposits from all, including the hard-earned savings of the poor masses, they served the interest of a few business houses. He observed that the banks neglected their socio-economic obligations towards the common man and only catered to the financial needs of the elite. Moved with the exploitation of the masses by the then capitalist society, he determined to establish a bank \"of the people, for the people, by the people\". Way back in 1939, the country was passing through major disruptions with the struggle for Independence and the \"Quit India movement\" gaining momentum. The end of British rule appeared almost certain. With this background he realised that establishing a Commercial Bank would not achieve his objective of Gandhian \"Swaraj\", but rather aggravate the imbalances between the \"haves\" and the \"have-nots\". Rangoonwala felt that the real solution to the problem of freedom from slavery did not depend on the exit of the British alone, but in the economic emancipation of the masses at large. Thus he pledged to serve the poor taxiwalas, small shopkeepers, petty traders and artisans who had no tangible securities to offer except their sincere and dedicated zeal to uplift their present lot. Finding his strength in the neglected masses he made a humble beginning by establishing a Cooperative Credit Society on 2 June 1939 with a meagre paid-up Share Capital of Rs. 10,600/- and with the patronage and help of Khan Bahadur Shaikh Mohamedally Allahu the founder Chairman of the Bank. Initially, Rangoonwala was a one-man band, having to perform many different functions from cleaner, negotiator and clerk to accountant and scribe, for in the infant stage of the Society it did not have resources to employ paid workers. By the end of the second year, Rangoonwala's efforts bore results and the society showed promises of growth. The share capital of the bank gradually increased, encouraging Rangoonwala to convert the credit society into an Urban Cooperative Bank and on 14 February 1941, Bombay Muslim Cooperative Bank was formed. The bank functioned based on the principles of Islamic economics, being less dependent on interest and having more of a vested interest in the business models of the ventures it supported. After independence, India", "title": "Zainulabedin Gulamhusain Rangoonwala" }, { "docid": "73345180", "text": "Angels in Notting Hill is a 2016 independent fantasy film written and directed by Michael Pakleppa. An international co-production of the United Kingdom and Germany, it stars Selma Brook, Ryan Mercier, Tina Gray and Stefanie Wallis; it also features the voice of Christopher Lee, in one of his last film roles following his death in 2015. The film's plot follows an angel named Joy (Brook) who falls in love with a lonely human widower, Geoffrey (Mercier). Cast Christopher Lee as The Boss / Mr. President Selma Brook as Joy Ryan Mercier as Geoffrey Renée Castle as Rebecca Tina Gray as Miss Maple Angus Brown as Good Waiter Vadim Kosmos as Bob Stefanie Wallis as Suzie Production Prior to the production of Angels in Notting Hill, actor Christopher Lee was attached to appear in a live-action film adaptation of the 1968 novel The Last Unicorn. According to director Michael Pakleppa, the adaptation, which was to be produced by Continental Film, \"didn't work out in time\". Instead, Lee and Pakleppa collaborated on the Continental Film-produced Angels in Notting Hill, in which Lee has a dual voice role as The Boss, an off-screen character, and Mr. President, a plush toy dog. For the latter character, puppeteer Mark Jefferis performed to Lee's pre-recorded voice lines. Pakleppa later stated: It surely wasn't meant as a farewell [for Lee], but as a funny little intermezzo between his next big jobs. But I always wanted to see, or at least hear, him in roles that were not the usual villain horror stuff, but as ironical, sarcastic, warm-hearted, philosophical, and in many ways deep and wise as he really was. So, I took the chance to have in the film, since he was incredibly wide and open for experiments. Angels in Notting Hill was filmed in London, England, between 2012 and 2015. Shooting took place in Notting Hill, Bayswater, Little Venice, the Grand Union Canal, Hackney, Brighton and Abney Park. Release Angels in Notting Hill premiered in London on 29 October 2016. Home media The film was made available on video-on-demand (VOD) services in the United Kingdom, United States and Germany. A \"collector's edition\" DVD release, featuring an extended director's cut of the film that runs 11 minutes longer than its theatrical cut, was released by Absolut Medien. References Bibliography External links 2016 independent films 2016 films 2016 fantasy films 2016 comedy-drama films British independent films British fantasy comedy-drama films German independent films German fantasy comedy-drama films Films shot in London Films about angels Puppet films", "title": "Angels in Notting Hill" }, { "docid": "30462409", "text": "The Diamondback was a proposed nuclear-armed air-to-air missile studied by the United States Navy's Naval Ordnance Test Station during the 1950s. Intended as an enlarged, nuclear-armed version of the successful Sidewinder missile, Diamondback did not progress beyond the study stage. Development history In 1956, studies began at the Naval Ordnance Test Station (NOTS) at China Lake, California involving an advanced development of the AAM-N-7 (later AIM-9) Sidewinder air-to-air missile, which was then entering service with the United States Navy. Originally known as \"Super Sidewinder\", the program soon gained the name \"Diamondback\", continuing China Lake's theme of naming heat-seeking missiles after pit vipers. Diamondback was intended to provide increased speed, range and accuracy over that achieved by Sidewinder. The missile's design called for it to be armed with either a powerful continuous-rod warhead or a low-yield nuclear warhead, the latter developed by China Lake's Special Weapons Division, and which would have a yield of less than . The propulsion system was intended to be a liquid-fueled, dual-thrust rocket, using hypergolic, storable propellants. The rocket motor planned for use in the Diamondback missile was based on that developed by NOTS for the Liquid Propellant Aircraft Rocket (LAR) project. Although the design studies were promising, the Navy did not have a requirement for a missile of this sort. As a result, the Diamondback project was dropped; studies came to a halt around 1958, while by the early 1960s the project was considered \"inactive\" and was allowed to fade into history. References Notes Bibliography Cold War air-to-air missiles of the United States Nuclear missiles of the United States Abandoned military rocket and missile projects of the United States Nuclear anti-aircraft weapons", "title": "Diamondback (missile)" }, { "docid": "40575946", "text": "Notting Hill Press, founded in 2012 by authors Michele Gorman, Belinda Jones and Talli Roland, was a British book publisher. Notting Hill Press published authors such as Chrissie Manby, Matt Dunn, and Nick Spalding to offer writers \"the third way\". Describing itself as a hybrid publishing model that combined the best of traditional and independent publishing, Notting Hill Press allowed authors to maintain the solid working relationships they have with their traditional publishers, while also recognising that some books are better-suited to independent publishing in some situations. Notting Hill Press was a chick lit, romantic comedy imprint and stated that it does not accept submissions from authors or their agents. Notting Hill Press was disbanded in 2020. References External links \"Author Collectives: Notting Hill Press\", The Self-Made Writer, 26 May 2015. Book publishing companies based in London Publishing companies established in 2012 2012 establishments in England British companies established in 2012 Publishing companies disestablished in 2020", "title": "Notting Hill Press" }, { "docid": "34293046", "text": "Selwyn Baptiste (10 July 1936 – 5 January 2012) was a Trinidad and Tobago-born pioneer of the introduction of the steel drum into Britain, forming the country's second steel band in 1967, and early organizer of London's Notting Hill Carnival. An educator as well as a pannist, a percussionist and drummer, he is credited with bringing about the teaching of steelpan playing throughout the UK. Biography Selwyn Baptiste was born in La Romaine, near San Fernando, Trinidad and Tobago, on 10 July 1936. He moved to Britain at the age of 24, in 1960, having that year won the title of \"Best Pan Soloist\" at the Trinidad Carnival. With the Caribbean Trio steelband in the 1960s, he played in Switzerland, US bases in Germany, and NATO bases in France and the Netherlands. A gifted musician, he started a course studying music at Dartington College of Arts but, according to cultural activist Ra Hendricks, Baptiste \"became disenchanted with the set-up in the educational institution and found his way to Ladbroke Grove\". Baptiste soon became involved in community educational work in the area, and began teaching children to play the steel pan at the Wornington Road adventure playground (now the Venture Centre) off Golborne Road in North Kensington, joining forces with community worker Rhaune Laslett. By 1970, \"the Notting Hill Carnival consisted of 2 music bands, the Russell Henderson Combo and Selwyn Baptiste’s Notting Hill Adventure Playground Steelband and 500 dancing spectators.\" In the 1970s Baptiste was instrumental in bringing about the close association of The Tabernacle in Notting Hill with Carnival. As noted in one tribute to him: \"Those who recall the Sundays in the Tabernacle during the run-up to the Bank Holiday weekend in the mid- to late-70s – with Metronomes and Ebony Steelbands, DJs Shadow, Lord Sam and the young Freddie - will remember that it was a nondescript community hall. He gave it Carnival purpose.\" In 2011, the Tabernacle honoured Baptiste with a lifetime achievement award. Baptiste founded the Carnival Development Committee in 1975, chairing it until 1979. In the words of Alex Pascall, a former chair of the Carnival and Arts Committee: \"Baptiste put his heart and soul into educating young people about Caribbean culture using the steel band. He was a deeply cultural person and was very concerned about the welfare of young people.\" In a 1977 television documentary, Baptiste was quoted as saying: \"Carnival is not a political event. Carnival is a cultural event. It is something which supersedes political ideologies. Carnival is something that's big enough to accommodate all forms of thought, all sorts of themes. Politics is part of it, but it is not an exclusively political event.\" A 2014 BBC iPlayer film by his son, journalist and programme-maker Wyn Baptiste, entitled Who Started It?, explored the origins of the Notting Hill Carnival. References External links Notting Hill \"Carnival pioneer dies\", BBC News London, 5 January 2012. \"30 August 1976: Notting Hill Carnival ends in riots\". BBC \"On This Day\". \"Celebration of carnival", "title": "Selwyn Baptiste" }, { "docid": "1856748", "text": "\"A Star Is Born Again\" is the thirteenth episode of the fourteenth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on March 2, 2003. The episode owes much of its plot to Notting Hill (1999). While that film is about an actress finding happiness with the owner of an independent bookstore, the episode features Hollywood movie star Sara Sloane (Marisa Tomei) falling for Ned Flanders after visiting the Leftorium. The episode title doubles as a reference to the film A Star Is Born and being born again, meaning a person who has converted to Christianity, particularly in American evangelism. This is the only Simpsons episode in which the same person has been accredited with two different names, where James L. Brooks is credited as the Executive Producer and Executive Creative Consultant, and again as Jim Brooks as a Special Guest Voice. Plot During the annual Jellyfish Festival, which welcomes back the Stinging Red Jellyfish to the shores of Springfield, Ned Flanders becomes depressed because he is alone. The other adults have partners with whom to spend a romantic evening at the Jellyfish Cotillion, and this is Ned's first festival without his wife Maude. Ned returns to the Leftorium to work on his taxes and take his mind off things. A woman comes in, looking for a pair of left-handed eyelash curlers. After chatting with Ned she asks him out on a date. After she leaves, Ned notices a movie poster with her face on it; she is Sara Sloane, a movie star. Sara and Ned hit it off, with Sara loving Ned's simple, quaint lifestyle and honesty. They go on several dates, though they encounter some problems, especially from tabloid reporters following them. Also, Sara is much less inhibited than Ned, causing some tension. When her movie wraps, Sara asks Ned to return to Hollywood with her. Ned has a horrible dream about the bad things of Hollywood in a sequence that includes a cameo by series producer James L. Brooks, and also the \"Hollywood\" sign reading \"Hollyweird\", and refuses. Sara therefore tries staying in Springfield, to be with Ned. She slowly starts settling in with the locals, joining Marge's book club hosted by author Helen Fielding and going shopping with Ned. At a concert, to which Sara wears a low-cut dress, Sara tells Ned she wants to have sex with him. Ned eventually relents, but insists on marriage if they are to continue a sexual relationship. Sara is unwilling to get married, and they break up and she returns to Hollywood. She gets a quickie marriage and divorce to Bob Balaban. Ned finds that he is now more attractive to women because of his famous relationship. Cultural references This episode is largely a parody of the film Notting Hill (1999). A billboard depicting Los Angeles personality Angelyne can be seen during Ned Flanders' Hollywood dream sequence. When Helen Fielding runs around being chased by bobbies and a", "title": "A Star Is Born Again" }, { "docid": "54411967", "text": "The Notting Hill Academy of Music is a vocational music business school located in Notting Hill, London, United Kingdom. Notting Hill Academy of Music offers courses for individuals interested in pursuing a career in the music industry, with courses focusing on A&R Songwriting and Music Business Entrepreneurship. The academy is backed by the likes of Trevor Nelson, BPI, SONY Music, Warner Music, SJM Concerts and Method Management. The academy was founded by Relentless Records MD, Shabs Jobanputra and former Senior Manager at BMG, Universal and Ministry of Sound, Ewan Grant in 2015.[4] Since the launch of the Notting Hill Academy of Music, figures in the music industry have come to the Notting Hill Academy of Music to provide seminars and professional insight into the current music industry. Past guests have included Head of Radio at Atlantic Records, Phil Youngman, Outreach Manager for PRS, Andy Ellis, ATC Management's Neil Simpson and many others. Students are presented with knowledge from lecturers including artist and producer signed to Ultra Music and Founder of A&C Media, Tom Hollings, Alan Boyd who specialises in songwriting, sync licensing, film & TV music and musician, producer and songwriter, Pete Gofton. Partners & Supporters include: The Ultimate Seminar, CMU, Beggars Group, Ferocious Talent, Relentless Records, Columbia, BMG, First Access Entertainment, ATC Management, Harry Shotta, First & Last, Sentric Music, Disturbing London, Atlantic, The Sound Collective, Influence Digital and many more. Past guests have included: David Bloomfield, Kid Massive, Drew Lam, Josh Edwards, Trevor Nelson, Simon Barnabas, Andy Ellis, Jamie Croz, Chris Cooke, Tony Moss, Ben Coates, Jack Guppy, Dumi Oburota, Kevin Brown, Shaun Falkner, Nick Halkes, Twin B, Kelli Ali, Neil Simpson, Adele White, Philip Youngman, Kwame Kwaten, Ryan Walter, Harry Shotta, Sam Potts, Alan Boyd and many more. Courses The academy develops short-term music courses (validated and non-validated) to prepare students for work within the evolving music industry. The academy has courses on A&R and Artist Management, Songwriting, A&R and Songwriting and Music Business Entrepreneur. Music Business Entrepreneur: The MBE course is designed to engage those who wish to start their own business and become effective in communicating ideas and plans in a meaningful way. There will be in depth focus on setting up events and creating business plans and marketing plans. No stone is left unturned in regards to the ins and outs of the business side of the music industry. A&R and Artist Management: The role of an A&R person has changed dramatically over the years. This course will look to examine all of the key areas that make an effective industry professional in this competitive and exciting sector. An A&R person’s role is to understand most other roles and glue them together in order for the signee to have the best chance of success. Artist Management is one of the key areas of the music industry and this subject will give students a full understanding of what it takes to be an artist manager in today’s modern music industry. A&R and Songwriting: These roles", "title": "Notting Hill Academy of Music" }, { "docid": "40079512", "text": "Project Camel encompassed the work performed by the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) in support of the Manhattan Project during World War II. These activities included the development of detonators and other equipment, testing of bomb shapes dropped from Boeing B-29 Superfortress bombers, and the Salt Wells Pilot Plant, where explosive components of nuclear weapons were manufactured. Background In the early 1930s, an emergency landing field was built by the Works Progress Administration in the Mojave Desert near the small town of Inyokern, California. Opened in 1935, it was acquired by the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) in 1942, and became part of the Muroc Bombing and Gunnery Range. In 1943, the Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD) contracted with the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) for the testing and evaluation of rockets for the Navy. A suitable test area was required for this near Pasadena, California, so the area was transferred from the Army to the Navy in October 1943, and commissioned as the Naval Ordnance Test Station (NOTS) in December 1943. Workshops, laboratories and facilities were constructed for over 600 men. During 1944, NOTS worked on the development and testing of the 3.5-inch, 5-inch, HVAR and 11.75-inch (Tiny Tim) rockets. By late 1944, rocket development and testing work began to taper off, and production models started to reach the Navy and USAAF in quantity. The director of the OSRD, Vannevar Bush saw an opportunity to use some of the expertise at Caltech on another secret wartime project he was involved with, the Manhattan Project. Bush arranged for Charles C. Lauritsen, the head of the rocket team at Caltech, to visit the Los Alamos Laboratory, and meet with the project director, Major General Leslie R. Groves, Jr., the laboratory director, Robert Oppenheimer, and senior scientists at the Los Alamos laboratory. Oppenheimer and Lauritsen knew each other well, as Oppenheimer had worked at Caltech before the war. In addition to its scientists, Caltech also possessed an experienced procurement team, headed by Trevor Gardner. This group worked closely with its counterpart at Los Alamos, which was headed by Lieutenant Colonel Robert W. Lockridge. Codename All the work done at NOTS on behalf of the Manhattan Project came under the codename Project \"Camel\". The name is said to have come from a remark by a Los Alamos scientist that once a camel (meaning Caltech) gets its nose under a tent flap it is hard to dislodge. Manhattan Project Drop testing The Manhattan Project conducted an extensive series of drop tests to evaluate various bomb shapes. These were initially conducted with scale models of the bomb dropped from a Grumman TBF Avenger at the US Navy test range at Dahlgren, Virginia starting in August 1943. A new airfield was constructed at NOTS, using Manhattan Project funding, with three runways, , and long, and wide to accommodate the Boeing B-29 Superfortress. Fuel storage was provided with a capacity of of gasoline and of oil. It was opened on 1 June 1945, and", "title": "Project Camel" }, { "docid": "28586763", "text": "The London Free School (LFS) was founded on 8 March 1966, principally by John \"Hoppy\" Hopkins and Rhaune Laslett. Description The London Free School was a community action adult education project inspired by American free universities (and the Victorian Jewish Free School in Spitalfields). The organisers have been described as an \"anarchic temporary coalition\" of the old guard New Left and CND housing activists from the Rachman days and the new beatnik/hippy generation. The former included George Clark of the Notting Hill Community Workshop, Richard Hauser (who ran a community scheme after the 1958 riots), Rhaune and Jim Laslett-O’Brien, Bill Richardson of the Powis and Colville Residents Association, Andre and Barbara Shervington. To varying degrees of involvement, the hippy contingent numbered John Hopkins, Michael X, Courtney Tulloch (IT), Lloyd Hunter, Peter Jenner (who was just starting to manage Pink Floyd), Joe Boyd of Elektra Records and UFO, Andrew King, Michael Horovitz, John Michell, Julie Felix, Jeff Nuttall, Mike McInnerney (Tommy artist), Graham Keen (IT), Neil Oram (The Warp), Dave Tomlin (IT), Felix de Mendelssohn (Children of Albion), Nigel Waymouth of Granny Takes a Trip, John Esam, Alexander Trocchi, the jazz writer Ron Atkins, the Warhol star Kate Heliczer, Harvey Matusow (the McCarthy witchtrials saboteur), R. D. Laing and \"the Belsize Park shrinks\", Emily Young, Anjelica Huston and Pink Floyd. According to Jeff Nuttall, \"Ultimately the Free School did nothing but put out a local underground newsletter and organise the 2 Notting Hill Gate Festivals, which were, admittedly, models of exactly how the arts should operate – festive, friendly, audacious, a little mad and all taking place on demolition sites, in the streets, and in a magnificently institutional church hall.\" Despite this opinion, the formation of the \"Notting Hill Neighbourhood Service\" (one of the first centres to offer drug and legal advice in London), the Notting Hill Carnival, the International Times and the UFO Club all emerged from the brief life of the LFS. Also significant was the early development of Pink Floyd, who played at All Saints Church Hall, initially as part of the Notting Hill Fayre (Carnival), and then a series of fund-raising concerts for the LFS. These were among the earliest gigs by the band, coming between their Spontaneous Underground period at The Marquee and the start of the UFO Club. References External links Courtney Tulloch article in IT on the LFS \"The Formation of the LFS and UFO Club - John 'Hoppy' Hopkins talks to Youth about the beginnings of the Free School, UFO club, Pink Floyd and the Carnival\". International Times. Dave Tomlin, \"A Tale of 'Hoppy' - It is the summer of 1966 and the location is The London Free School in Notting Hill Gate\", Tales from the Embassy. International Times. Underground culture Culture of the United Kingdom History of subcultures Counterculture Information centres Social centres in the United Kingdom DIY culture Counterculture festivals activists", "title": "London Free School" }, { "docid": "181581", "text": "Notting Hill Gate is a London Underground station near Notting Hill, London, located on the street called Notting Hill Gate. On the Central line, it is between Holland Park to the west and Queensway to the east. On the District line and Circle line, it is between High Street Kensington and Bayswater stations. It is on the boundary of Travelcard Zone 1 and Zone 2. History The sub-surface Circle and District line platforms were opened on 1 October 1868 by the Metropolitan Railway (MR) as part of its extension from Paddington to Gloucester Road. The Central line platforms were opened on 30 July 1900 by the Central London Railway (CLR). Entrances to the two sets of platforms were originally via separate station buildings on opposite sides of the road; access to the CLR platforms was originally via lifts. The station name Notting Hill Gate had potential for confusion with the MR station to the north in Ladbroke Grove which was known as \"Notting Hill\" when opened in 1864, and renamed \"Notting Hill & Ladbroke Grove\" in 1880. This latter station eventually, in 1919, dropped its reference to Notting Hill, becoming \"Ladbroke Grove (North Kensington)\" in 1919 and, simply, \"Ladbroke Grove\" in 1938 (see Ladbroke Grove Underground station). On the Circle and District lines Notting Hill Gate is a cut and cover station still covered with a glass roof, despite many other similar stations having lost theirs. Redevelopment The station was rebuilt in the late 1950s and reopened on 1 March 1959, now linking the two 'Notting Hill Gate stations' on the Circle and District and Central lines, which had previously been accessed on either side of the street, with a shared sub-surface ticket hall and escalators down to the deeper Central line, replacing the aged and now sealed-off lifts. The escalators were the first on the Underground to have metal side panels rather than wooden. The new entrance also acts as a pedestrian subway under the widened Notting Hill Gate. The mosaic columns at the southern entrance were created in 2006 by local public art organisation Urban Eye. Refurbishment The station was refurbished from 2010 to 2011, with new ceramic tiling throughout the subway entrances, deep-level passageways and Central line tube platforms as well as a modified ticket hall layout. During the refurbishment works an abandoned lift passageway from the original 1900 CLR station, closed to the public after Notting Hill Gate was last upgraded in 1959, was rediscovered and found to contain a series of original posters dating from the late 1950s. Images have been posted online. A scheme was developed by the architects Weston Williamson to provide canopies over the entrances from the street, but this has not been implemented. Nearby places Portobello Road, famous for Portobello Market Kensington Palace Gardens Media appearances In the 1968 film Otley, one of the Central line platforms at Notting Hill Gate (or a station pretending to be it) is where the assassin and coach driver Johnston, played by Leonard Rossiter, blows", "title": "Notting Hill Gate tube station" }, { "docid": "21132255", "text": "The NOTS-EV-1 Pilot, better known as NOTSNIK (pronounced notsnik a play on \"sputnik\") was an expendable launch system and anti-satellite weapon developed by the United States Navy's United States Naval Ordnance Test Station (NOTS). NOTSNIK began as an in-house project using available NOTS funds. The Advanced Research Projects Agency later supplied some funds for the program. The program involved creating transistorized sensors to detect nuclear explosions from the Operation Argus tests. Ten were launched during July and August 1958, all of which failed. It was the first air-launched rocket to be used for an orbital launch attempt; however, none was recorded as having reached orbit. Following the third orbital launch attempt a NOTS engineer at the tracking station in Christchurch, New Zealand reported receiving a weak signal from the spacecraft; This was never confirmed, and the launches were not catalogued as having reached orbit. The Pilot rocket was part of Project Pilot. Overview Two variants of the Pilot rocket were built; the Pilot-1, with battleship second to fifth stages, was used for ground-launched atmospheric tests from China Lake, and the Pilot-2, an air-launched version, was used for orbital launch attempts. Orbital launches were conducted from a stripped–down jet carrier aircraft, an F4D–1 Skyray, flying from Point Mugu Naval Air Station, and releasing the rocket over the Santa Barbara Channel Drop Zone. Of the ten launches, four were of Pilot-1s, and the rest Pilot-2s. The first air–launch was performed on 25 July 1958 by NOTS research pilot William West, a career US Navy officer. The flight originated from China Lake's airstrip at Inyokern. The jet fighter was placed into a steep climb. The rocket released automatically at , and three seconds later the first two HOTROCs ignited. The first flight was a failure. The second air–launch, in August, ended in a HOTROC explosion. On the third attempt the F4D pilot reported that the missile exploded, just like the first two had. Radio contact with the ground was lost during the second–stage burn, but the rocket appeared on film, departing over the horizon. Though objects believed to be the nozzle seal, and perhaps missile or fin skin were seen departing the disappearing missile. A NOTS engineer, Frank St. George at the tracking station at Christchurch New Zealand alone of the four stations which remained listening reported a faint single beep at the predicted time during the first orbital windows. No further signal was received, so the mission was also declared a failure. Project Pilot was cancelled in August 1958, and replaced by the NOTS-EV-2 Caleb; The project remained classified until 1994. Following this series of tests, and the follow-on Caleb program being riddled with multiple failures, US Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara decided to terminate the Navy's space program and assign all responsibility to the US Air Force. Launch history See also Jaguar, sounding rocket launched from B-57 References Further reading Babcock (1961) Development of the Corporal: the embryo of the army missile program Vol 1. ABMA unclassified report, Redstone Arsenal, Alabama.", "title": "NOTS-EV-1 Pilot" }, { "docid": "3897680", "text": "City Life is a city-building video game developed by Monte Cristo. It is the first modern building game to allow the player to work in full 3D environment. It was published in France by Monte Cristo, in the UK and Germany by Deep Silver and in North America by CDV. It was released in May 2006. City Life allows players to zoom in and see every little bit of detail. The placement method allows buildings to be placed at an angle, as also seen in Sierra Games' Caesar IV. More recently, the game has been criticized for lack of many detailed elements, such as weather, disasters, and more \"in depth\" user control. Summary City Life continues the very long tradition of city-building and construction and management games that was originally started by Utopia from developer Don Daglow and Will Wright's SimCity series by allowing the player to customize their urban city's roads, buildings, finances, ordinances and much more. City Life utilizes a three dimensional game engine in displaying cities, and also includes the requirement to satisfy six different socioeconomic groups within the city, an essential part of gameplay. The six groups include the Elites, Suits, Radical Chics, Fringe, Blue collars and Have-Nots. Socioeconomic classes The game classifies city residents into six socioeconomic classes, which are depicted in a circle. Clockwise from the top are Elites, Suits, Blue Collars, Have-Nots, Fringes, and Radical Chics. Each class can tolerate the two adjacent to it, but is hostile towards the three across the circle. Further, the income generated by businesses focusing on each class is indicated by its height on the circle, Have-Nots generating the least and Elites generating the most. Lastly, the left side of the circle favors education while the right side favors safety (e.g. police and fire department coverage). The higher classes are of course more demanding. When a city is founded, only Fringes, Have-Nots, and Blue Collars will settle there. The Suits must be attracted by having good conditions for the Blue Collars, the Radical Chics are attracted by good conditions for the Fringes, and the Elites are attracted by good conditions for both the Suits and the Radical Chics. Due to the literal class warfare, if classes that dislike each other live near each other, they will start riots and make complaints. Much of the gameplay focuses on arranging a city so that this will not occur. Every business will employ a specific mix of classes; the earlier, less profitable buildings may employ only one class, e.g. six fringe, but later buildings require a mix of several classes to reach their full potential. Thus, a successful city must manage a population of each of the classes. As their name implies, the Elites are the most powerful and wealthiest segment of the population. However, they are also the most demanding of the six, requiring quality services in sectors like education, safety, leisure, and environment. Elites are usually attracted to a city by \"evolving\" from either the Radical Chic or", "title": "City Life (video game)" }, { "docid": "9348772", "text": "\"High\" is a song by British musical duo Lighthouse Family from their second album, Postcards from Heaven (1997). The song was produced by Mike Peden and was released on 29 December 1997 as the second single from the album. \"High\" is the most successful single released by the Lighthouse Family, reaching number four on the UK Singles Chart, number eight in New Zealand, and number one in Australia. In Europe, the song reached the top 10 in at least eight countries. Background In March 2021, songwriter Paul Tucker told the Official Charts Company the story behind the song: \"High was probably the most difficult song to write of all of them. Without getting too heavy, my wife lost a baby on New Year's Eve in 1996, the year that the album [Ocean Drive] was a hit. Lifted was a hit and Ocean Drive was a hit. It was the first week in 1997 I started writing High, and I had the bit: 'One day we're gonna get so high'. That was the same week – and this is absolutely incidental, it’s nothing to do with the song - although a Newcastle United fan might think it is – that Kevin Keegan left Newcastle United. I just remember that week so well because of what happened. It took about eight months to write the song. When we did Ocean Drive there was no pressure, we hadn't sold any records so nobody was expecting anything, whereas when we got to the second album which is what this was, there were a lot of people who were saying, 'this is huge, this is massive, this is the hit on the record.' And I hadn't even finished writing it, so immediately I'm under this enormous pressure. We started recording Postcards from Heaven in March 1997 and we went to Miramont in France to start recording it. We were there until about June and the whole time I was sitting in the room on my own with a blank sheet of paper trying to write High and driving myself mad with it. Everybody kept saying 'have you done it yet?' and I hadn’t. Then they took the recording back to London and SARM West, which is Trevor Horn's studio in Notting Hill, and we took the album back there to record the second batch of songs. The first batch had songs like Raincloud in it, while the second was songs like Sun in the Night and High. We recorded the backing tracks for all that stuff, we got the tunes together, we had the top, they had Tunde's vocals. But before we went back to London, I spent a few weeks in Nice on my own to finish High - I have to be on my own to write lyrics – and I just couldn't get it together. Then I went back to London to work on it in SARM again. By the very last day of recording, we'd recorded all of the stuff on", "title": "High (Lighthouse Family song)" }, { "docid": "10717803", "text": "Branko Milanović (, ) is a Serbian-American economist. He is most known for his work on income distribution and inequality. Since January 2014, he has been a research professor at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York and an affiliated senior scholar at the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS). He also teaches at the London School of Economics and the Barcelona Institute for International Studies. In 2019, he has been appointed the honorary Maddison Chair at the University of Groningen. Milanović formerly was a lead economist in the World Bank's research department, visiting professor at University of Maryland and Johns Hopkins University. Between 2003 and 2005 he was senior associate at Carnegie Endowment for International Peace in Washington. He remained an adjunct scholar with the Endowment until early 2010. He did his Ph.D. at the University of Belgrade in 1987 on economic inequality in Yugoslavia, using for the first time micro data from Yugoslav household surveys. He published it as a book in 1990. He has been a visiting scholar at All Souls College in Oxford. Early life Branko Milanović was born in 1953 in Yugoslavia. His father was a government official. Later in life, he recalled watching the protests of 1968, when students, \"sporting red Karl Marx badges,\" occupied the University of Belgrade campus with banners proclaiming “Down with the Red bourgeoisie!” and wondering whether he and his family belonged in that group. He said that \"the social and political aspects of the protests became clearer later\" to him. Scholarly work on inequality He has published a large number of papers, including forty for the World Bank, mainly on world inequality and poverty. His 2005 book, Worlds Apart covered global income disparity between countries as well as between individuals in the world. His joint work with Jeffrey Williamson and Peter Lindert (\"Economic Journal\", March 2011), was considered by The Economist to \"contain the germ of an important advance in thinking about inequality\". Milanovic is the author of 2011's The Haves and the Have-Nots, a collection of essays on income distribution, selected by The Globalist The Haves and the Have-Nots as the number one book on its \"top books of 2011\" list. Milanovic serves on the advisory board for Academics Stand Against Poverty (ASAP). In August 2013, he was included by Foreign Policy among the top 100 \"twitterati\" to follow. In November 2014, he became an external fellow of the Center for Global Development in Washington, DC. He has written the blog globalinequality since May 2014. His book Global inequality: A New Approach for the Age of Globalization was published in April 2016. The book, in its German translation (Die ungleiche Welt. Migration, das Eine Prozent, und die Zukunft der Mittelschicht, \"The Unequal World. Immigration, the one percent, and the future of the middle class\"), received the Bruno Kreisky Prize for the best political book of 2016, the 2018 Hans Matthöfer Prize for the best book in economics awarded by the Friedrich Ebert Foundation, and was included in", "title": "Branko Milanović" }, { "docid": "738899", "text": "Peter Julian Jenner (born 3 March 1943) is a British music manager and a record producer. Jenner, Andrew King and the original four members of Pink Floyd were partners in Blackhill Enterprises. Early career Peter Jenner is the son of William Jack Jenner, a vicar, and grandson of British Labour Party Politician Frank Wise. Jenner was educated at Westminster School and Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, where he attained a first-class honours degree in Economics in 1963, aged 20. Appointed as a lecturer at the London School of Economics, after four years he left to manage the then up-and-coming band Pink Floyd. Jenner put on a number of free concerts in London's Hyde Park which included the 1969 concert by The Rolling Stones. He was asked to manage David Bowie, but turned the offer down. London Free School and Notting Hill Fayre John \"Hoppy\" Hopkins, Peter Jenner, Joe Boyd, Ron Atkins, Barry Miles, Michael de Freitas, John Michell, Julie Felix, Michael Horovitz and Nigel Waymouth and others, met at Hoppy's flat in Queensway, London, twice a month. Inspired by the American Free Universities and the Victorian Jewish Free School in Spitalfields, the group wanted to offer a wide range of classes including photography, music, and mental health. Everyone involved had had some form of further education but felt that it wasn't what it set out to be and wasn't very good. So they set out to create a school that did the opposite. They set up the first meeting on 8 March 1966 and 120 people turned up, 50 expressing an interest in lessons. Over the spring and summer months, classes began. They were not official classes, more just people sitting and talking and smoking. By the autumn, things picked up and there were too many people wanting to attend. Rhaune Laslett offered the free school the use of her house for classes. The Free School needed funding, so Jenner set up a Pink Floyd at All Saints Hall in September. It was not a big hall: it could not hold more than 300 people. This was when Pink Floyd started the course to fame. By Christmas, the events were getting centre-page spreads in the Melody Maker. Laslett later went on to work with the London Free School to set up the first Notting Hill Fayre. Talk of a carnival-style celebration floated around a few discussions about how to promote the Free School and the idea bloomed from there. Michael De Frietas suggested moving an indoor Trinidadian celebration to the streets around Portobello Road. Once everything was organised and in place, two musicians, Dave Tomlin and Joe Gannon led a small procession down Portobello Road to promote the fayre. Initially intended as a children's event, the fayre began with a small pageant procession starting at Tavistock Square and passing through Ladbroke Grove, Notting Hill Gate, Westbourne Grove, and Acklam Road. Management career Alongside childhood friend and music producer Andrew King, Jenner co-founded Blackhill Enterprises, in 1966, where they produced songs and", "title": "Peter Jenner" }, { "docid": "41401921", "text": "The Haves and the Have Nots is an American primetime television soap opera created, executive produced, written and directed by Tyler Perry. The premise of the series is loosely based on Perry's 2011 play The Haves and the Have Nots. Perry wrote and directed every single episode. The series follows three families and their lifestyles as they intersect with one another in Savannah, Georgia: the rich and powerful Cryer and Harrington families (dubbed \"The Haves\") and the poor and destitute Young family (dubbed \"The Have Nots\"). Series overview Episodes Season 1 (2013–14) Season 2 (2015) Season 3 (2016) Season 4 (2017) Season 5 (2018–19) Season 6 (2019) Season 7 (2020) Season 8 (2020–21) Ratings References External links Lists of American drama television series episodes", "title": "List of The Haves and the Have Nots episodes" }, { "docid": "20584645", "text": "Portobello is a novel by British writer Ruth Rendell, published in 2008. It is set in and around the Portobello Road in Notting Hill, London. Written in the third-person narrative mode, it follows the lives of a number of Londoners—rich and poor alike—living near the Portobello Road Market whose paths cross by accident rather than design. In other words, Portobello is about \"the destinies of an oddly assorted group of people, whose only common characteristic is their postcode.\" Throughout the novel, something menacing seems to lurk behind every street corner, and the suspicion that something awful or sinister is going to happen any minute \"(this is after all a novel by Ruth Rendell) is what hooks the reader\" As \"one of the leading chroniclers of contemporary London\", Rendell has known the area and its inhabitants for so long that her \"take on Notting Hill restores some of the rawness taken away by gentrification and the saccharine stammer of the film of the same name.\" Plot summary The central character of the novel is Eugene Wren, a wealthy, middle-aged art dealer whose secretive personality jeopardizes both his sanity and his relationship with, and eventual engagement to, Ella Cotswold, an attractive general practitioner ten years his junior. Having in the past overcome various slight addictions to alcohol, nicotine, and food, Wren gets hooked on a special brand of sugar-free sweet, which he wants to conceal from his fiancée. When the couple decide that Ella should sell her flat and she moves in with him, he starts inventing excuses and lies so as to be alone just for the time it takes to suck a sweet and to get rid of the sweet smell on his breath afterwards. Extremely ashamed of his habit, he buys, hoards, and consumes the sweets secretly, and he establishes several caches in his antique-studded home. When Ella happens to find one of them, out of curiosity goes on to search the rest of the house, and finally confronts Wren with her find, he is so ashamed of himself that he sees no other way than to break off their engagement and move into a hotel. References 2008 British novels Novels by Ruth Rendell Novels set in London Hutchinson (publisher) books", "title": "Portobello (novel)" }, { "docid": "31737609", "text": "The Have Nots are an American ska punk band from Boston, Massachusetts, consisting of Jon Cauztik (guitar, vocals), Matt Pruitt (guitar, vocals), Jameson Hollis (bass), and Steve Patton (drums). History The band was formed in 2006, combining members of local bands Chicago Typewriter and Stray Bullets. Before ever releasing an album they played shows with Boston ska legends such as The Mighty Mighty Bosstones and Big D and The Kids Table. The band originally released a demo before recording their debut album, 2009's Serf City USA. Initially a self-release, the album caught the attention of Vinnie Fiorello of Paper + Plastick Records, after Steve Foote of Big D and The Kids Table gave him a copy of it. Paper + Plastick put out cd and vinyl versions of the album, while the band offered free copies of it in the form of an mp3 download. After the album was released the band was selected to play in that year's WBCN Rock & Roll Rumble, and went on tours with the Dropkick Murphys, Anti-Flag, Street Dogs, and Swingin Utters. In late 2010 they did their own tour of Europe. In May 2011, the band released their second album Proud. The album was produced by Teen Idols drummer Matt Drastic, and engineered by Descendents guitarist Stephen Egerton. In 2013, Matt Pruitt became the new guitarist for Street Dogs. Discography Serf City USA (2009) (Paper + Plastick) Proud (2011) (Paper + Plastick) Videography \"One in Four\" (2009) \"Poisoned Antidote\" (2010) \"Used to Be\" (2010) \"Louisville Slugger\" (2011) \"Proud\" (2011) References American ska punk musical groups Musical groups from Boston", "title": "Have Nots" }, { "docid": "1829704", "text": "Regent's Park and Kensington North was a constituency in Central and West London represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election from 1997 to 2010. History The constituency was created in 1997 from parts of the former seats of Westminster North and Kensington. It was abolished at the 2010 general election. With its stark contrasts between prosperity and deprivation, the constituency should have been a highly competitive marginal between the Conservative Party and Labour Party in an even year, although for the three general elections of its existence it was won firmly by Labour. Before its creation it was considered a constituency likely to produce low swings which would be won on differential turnout, similar to its predecessor seats. However, in the political climate of the late 1990s and early 2000s, in which Tony Blair's New Labour dominated, this proved not to be the case. Boundaries The constituency covered the areas of St John's Wood, Maida Vale, the Harrow Road, Westbourne Green, Maida Hill, Little Venice, parts of Queen's Park, parts of Ladbroke Grove and Notting Hill, as well as North Kensington. The electoral wards of the constituency were: From the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea: Avondale; Colville; Golborne; Kelfield; St Charles. Following boundary changes for local elections in 2002, Avondale and Kelfield wards were combined to create Notting Barns. From the City of Westminster: Church Street; Hamilton Terrace; Harrow Road; Little Venice; Lords; Maida Vale; Queen's Park; Regent's Park; Westbourne. In 2002, a Local Government Boundary Commission for England review abolished the Hamilton Terrace and Lords wards, with the areas absorbed by Regent's Park and the new ward of Abbey Road. For the 2005 general election, the electoral wards used in this constituency were Bayswater (part), Bryanston and Dorset Square (part), Colville, Church Street, Golborne, Harrow Road, Little Venice, Maida Vale, Norland (part), Notting Barns, Queen's Park, Regent's Park, St Charles and Westbourne. Despite the name, the seat did not include the area in the Regent's Park ward of the London Borough of Camden. Abolition The Boundary Commission proposed that the City of Westminster, together with the sparsely populated City of London, receive two seats in its own right from the 2010 general election. As a result, Regent's Park and Kensington North was abolished, with most of the Westminster section going into a reformed Westminster North seat and the Kensington and Chelsea section going into a reformed Kensington seat, Chelsea being transferred to the new Chelsea and Fulham seat. The remainder of Westminster (chiefly the part taken from Bryanston and Dorset Square) was combined with the City of London in the Cities of London and Westminster seat. The part of Bayswater ward used in the latter, together with Lancaster Gate, were moved into Westminster North. These changes were implemented in 2010. Members of Parliament Elections Elections in the 2000s Elections in the 1990s See also List of parliamentary constituencies in", "title": "Regent's Park and Kensington North (UK Parliament constituency)" }, { "docid": "73627797", "text": "Winston Pinder is a black civil rights activist, communist, and youth worker, most notable for his work alongside Billy Strachan, Claudia Jones, and his campaigns against racism in Britain. Originally from Barbados, Pinder has spent most of his life has been spent in the United Kingdom, involved in various political campaigns, trade union activities, and left-wing activism. His most notable campaigns involved the creation of Paul Robeson House in London, Kentish Town Youth Club, and raising money for the creation of Claudia Jones's grave, which is situated next to that of Karl Marx in Highgate Cemetery. Early life Born in Barbados, Winston Pinder left school to work for a telephone company after receiving the Charles Howard bursary to fund his work training. He was then sent to British Guiana, where he worked on the building of the Demerara telephone exchange, financed by the Bookers company. During his time in British Guiana, Pinder became interested in anti-colonial and trade union movements active throughout the Caribbean. In 1954, he spent several months in Barbados, before travelling to the United Kingdom that same year as a part of the Windrush generation. Arrival in Britain Arriving in Britain in 1954, Pinder moved to Islington, London, where he worked as a post-office engineer at the Temple Bar exchange. Soon after arriving in Britain, Pinder became a member of the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) and joined the CPGB's Caribbean committee. In December 1955, Pinder made history as being a part of a small contingent of communist activists that welcomed Claudia Jones to Britain at Victoria station. Soon afterwards, Jones would go onto become one of the most influential civil rights leaders in the history of the United Kingdom. In later life, Pinder would work alongside Jones politically, particularly in the aftermath of the Notting Hill race riots. Later in life, Pinder regarded Jones as his political mentor. Later, he moved to Camden, London. During the 1958 Notting Hill race riots, Pinder was chased by racist Teddy Boys armed with chains on Kentish Town Road, but managed to outrun them. Later in life, Pinder was not so lucky, and had to have his spleen removed after being stabbed in the stomach during a fight in the Tally Ho pub on Fortess Road. Youth work Tension and fear began to permeate the black communities in Britain following the Notting Hill race riots, inspiring Pinder to become even more active within London's black communities, especially the black youth. Noticing how the only two youth groups in his local area did not welcome black children, Pinder began a career as a youth worker, reaching out to young people in London and sharing his family home on Kentish Town Road, where he lived with his wife and four young children, as an informal drop-in center. Commenting on this situation, Pinder said that: \"When I arrived in the area, there were only two youth clubs and it was made clear that black kids were not welcome in them...\" He began", "title": "Winston Pinder" }, { "docid": "39642452", "text": "The Haves and the Have Nots can refer to: The Haves and the Have Nots (play) The Haves and the Have Nots (TV series) An expression (variously translated) used by Sancho Panza in Cervantes's Don Quixote (Part II, Ch. 20)", "title": "The Haves and the Have Nots" }, { "docid": "58027165", "text": "Jaclyn Michelle Betham is a Samoan American actress and ballet dancer. She is best known for her role as Amanda Cryer on the television series The Haves and the Have Nots. Early life Betham was born in Long Beach, California and is of Samoan descent. As a child, Betham was a gymnast before she began ballet dancing at age 12. She trained with Ballet San Jose before receiving a full scholarship into the Houston Ballet at age 15. Betham went on to perform with Ballet San Jose, Anaheim Ballet, Opera San Jose, and the San Francisco Opera. She won a gold medal at Grand Prix Italia when she was 18. Career After three years performing with Houston Ballet, Betham worked as an instructor for Ballet San Jose before moving to Los Angeles to pursue acting. Her first acting role was playing a kidnapped girl on America's Most Wanted. She starred in the popular 2012 short Quiet, a film based on the true story of a lesbian couple caught in a medical nightmare. In 2013, Betham's first major acting role came when she was cast as Amanda Cryer in the Tyler Perry television series The Haves and the Have Nots. In 2020, she made her debut as a writer and producer on the film Getaway. Personal life Betham teaches ballet and is the founder of a nonprofit organization called Betham Ballet Theatre. Filmography Film Television References External links Living people American television actresses American film actresses American ballerinas American people of Samoan descent Actresses of Samoan descent 21st-century American actresses Year of birth missing (living people)", "title": "Jaclyn Betham" }, { "docid": "10457032", "text": "The Notting Hillbillies were a country rock project formed by British singer-songwriter Mark Knopfler in May 1986. The group consisted of Knopfler (guitar and vocals), Steve Phillips (guitar and vocals), Brendan Croker (guitar and vocals), Guy Fletcher (keyboards and vocals), Paul Franklin (pedal steel), Marcus Cliffe (bass), and Ed Bicknell (drums). They gave their first performance at a small club in Leeds, and followed up with a tour. The Notting Hillbillies recorded just one album, Missing...Presumed Having a Good Time, released on Vertigo in the UK (Warner Bros. in the US, reaching #52 on the Billboard albums chart) in 1990, before members returned to concentrate on their primary musical outlets. Three tracks from the album – \"Your Own Sweet Way\", \"Feel Like Going Home\" and \"Will You Miss Me\" – were released as singles; some versions of these included \"Lonesome Wind Blues\", a track not on the album. The Notting Hillbillies reunited several times for charity gigs. In May 1997 the Hillbillies went on an 11 show tour in the UK. The Town & Country Club in Leeds on 3 July 1993 only featured the Knopfler-Croker-Philips trio. The set list included the only known live performances of two Dire Straits songs : \"Ticket To Heaven\" and \"How Long\". The Notting Hillbillies had previously performed \"When It Comes to You\" in 1990, before it was actually recorded and issued by Dire Straits on their final album On Every Street, in 1991. At the height of their fame, the Notting Hillbillies were the musical guest on the 19 May 1990 episode of Saturday Night Live, hosted by Candice Bergen. The concert at The City Hall in Newcastle on 6 July 1993 featured Alan Clark on keyboards, his only appearance with the band. Ed Bicknell and Marcus Cliffe were also present. This was the last time that Clark played with Knopfler within a full band. In 1993, two shows were performed, both without Guy Fletcher. Band member Brendan Croker died due to complications from leukaemia on 10 September 2023, at the age of 70. Band line-up members Mark Knopfler – guitar, vocals Steve Phillips – guitar, vocals Brendan Croker – guitar, vocals (died 2023) Guy Fletcher – keyboards, vocals Paul Franklin – pedal steel (studio album and 1990 tour only) Marcus Cliffe – bass Ed Bicknell – drums (replaced by Danny Cummings for the four 2002 shows) Chris White - Saxophone (1990) Discography Studio albums Singles References External links British folk music groups British country rock musical groups Dire Straits Vertigo Records artists Musical groups established in 1990 Musical groups disestablished in 2002 1990 establishments in the United Kingdom 2002 disestablishments in the United Kingdom", "title": "The Notting Hillbillies" }, { "docid": "1483304", "text": "The Napoleon of Notting Hill is a novel written by G. K. Chesterton in 1904, set in a nearly unchanged London in 1984. Although the novel is set in the future, it is, in effect, set in an alternative reality of Chesterton's own period, with no advances in technology nor changes in the class system or attitudes of the time. It postulates an impersonal government, not described in any detail, but apparently content to operate through a figurehead king, who is randomly chosen. Synopsis The dreary succession of randomly selected Kings of England is broken up when Auberon Quin, who cares for nothing but a good joke, is chosen. To amuse himself, he institutes elaborate costumes for the provosts of the districts of London. All are bored by the King's antics except for one earnest young man who takes the cry for regional pride seriously – Adam Wayne, the eponymous Napoleon of Notting Hill. Influence Michael Collins, who led the fight for Ireland's secession from the United Kingdom, is known to have admired the book. There has been speculation that the setting of the book prompted the date chosen for the setting of George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four; the Japanese translation of the book, the cover of which was illustrated by Hayao Miyazaki, bore the primary title Chesterton's 1984. The novel is also quoted at the start of Neil Gaiman's novel Neverwhere. Both this novel and Chesterton's The Man Who Was Thursday are referenced in the 2000 video game Deus Ex. Notes References External links (with illustrations by W. Graham Robertson) Dale Ahlquist: Napoleon at Notting Hill, Lecture 6 of the \"Chesterton 101\" of the American Chesterton Society 1904 British novels English novels Novels by G. K. Chesterton Dystopian novels Books about United Kingdom royalty Novels set in the future Novels set in London The Bodley Head books Notting Hill Fiction set in 1984", "title": "The Napoleon of Notting Hill" }, { "docid": "50616031", "text": "Nots are a three-piece noise-punk band from Memphis, who released their debut album We Are Nots in 2014 and have toured North America and Europe. The band are fronted by Natalie Hoffmann (vocals/guitar) with Charlotte Watson (drums), Alexandra Eastburn (keyboards) and Meredith Lones (bass). The band are signed to Goner Records in North America and Heavenly in Europe. Career Originally from Nixa, Missouri, Hoffmann moved to Memphis in 2007 to attend the local art college, where she studied photography and design. The band began in 2011 as a collaboration between Watson and Hoffmann while they were both members of other local bands. Hoffmann was a member of Ex-Cult while Watson played with the Manatees. They were joined by Laurel Ferndon on drums. The name was taken from a Twister-inspired collage that Hoffmann had created. The band made a demo tape that they submitted to Goner Records who decided to release it as an EP. Their debut release, Dust Red appeared in October 2013, and was followed by the single \"Fix\" b/w \"Modern\" in June 2014. Both were produced by Keith Cooper. Ferndon left in early 2014, as Hoffmann and Watson prepared to record their album with Doug Easley at the helm. They recruited Alexandra Eastburn on keyboards and Meredith Lones on bass as replacements while Watson moved to drums. Hoffman described the recording process as \"since it was a new lineup, and I think you can definitely feel this sort of combined intensity and really stubborn determination that was stewing when we recorded the album\". In the same year the band also performed at the SXSW festival. The digital-only single \"Decadence\" appeared on October supported by a video directed by Geoffrey Brent Shrewsbury. The track \"Reactor\" was made available in the same month. On November 11, 2014, the album We Are Nots was released in North America, while they embarked on their first headlining tour around America. In June 2015, they released the single \"Virgin Mary\" b/w \"Shelf Life\" on Goner, while the latter was made available on streaming platforms. In September 2015 the band signed to Heavenly Records for European releases. Their debut album was re-released in November of the same year, followed by an eight-date European tour. In September 2016, the band released their second album entitled Cosmetic. it was preceded by the single \"Entertain Me\". Since graduating, Hoffmann also works as a visual artist and instructor at the Memphis College of Art. On May 10, 2019, the band will release their third album 3. Discography Albums We are Nots (2014) Cosmetic (2016) 3 (2019) EPs Dust Red (2013) Singles Fix (2014) Reactor (2015) Virgin Mary (2015) References External links Natalie Hoffmann art page. American alternative rock groups", "title": "Nots (band)" }, { "docid": "4082169", "text": "Notting Hill and Ealing High School is an independent school for girls aged 4 – 18 in Ealing, London. Founded in 1873, it is one of the 26 schools that make up the Girls' Day School Trust. It has a Junior Department of 310 girls (ages 4–11) and a Senior Department of 600 girls (ages 11–18). The current Headmaster is Mr Matthew Shoults. Ms Bevan is Head of the Junior School. History Since being founded in 1873, the school has changed both its location and its name. When the Girls' Day School Trust, then the Girls' Public Day School Trust, was formed in 1872, it established its first two schools in West London. In January 1873, the Trust opened Chelsea High School (a predecessor of Kensington Preparatory School) to serve the area immediately to the west of the centre of the city and nine months later, Notting Hill High School which was to serve families in the area to the north of Hyde Park. Harriet Morant Jones was the founding head who looked after ten pupils assisted by her sister. Harriet Jones retired in 1900. Controversially, Ethel Gavin was appointed instead of an internal heir apparent and resignations followed. Gavin was a \"capable and experienced headmistress\" until 1908 when she moved to the GPDST school at Wimbledon. The school originally occupied premises in Norland Square but outgrew these and moved to Ealing in 1931 when it became known as Notting Hill and Ealing High School for Girls. Following the Education Act 1944 it became a direct grant grammar school in 1946. When the direct grant scheme was abolished in 1976, it became an independent school. Present day The school numbers 910 girls in 2018/19. Entry to the school is by assessment normally at ages 4+, 7+, 11+ or 16+. The school has a strong academic tradition. In 2018, 91.65% of grades at GCSE were A/A and 98.84% were A-B. At A Level 65% of grades were A/A and 94% were A-B. In the 2019 Times School League Tables, NHEHS featured in the Top 20 for both GCSE and A-Levels and is one of only 10 schools in the country to achieve this accolade. In 2017 the Junior School was awarded \"Independent Prep School of the Year\" by the Sunday Times' Parent Power Guide, observing that the school \"proves you can have both outstanding academic success and a relaxed, happy school where girls are encouraged to be individuals and to express themselves\". And in their last report, the ISI inspectors reported, \"pupils' achievement in curricular and extra-curricular activities and their learning is exceptional as is their attainment in national tests at age 11 and at A Level\". Former pupils keep in touch with each other through the Old Girls' Association. School fees In 2018/19 fees are £4,771 per term (Junior School) and £6,187 per term (Senior School). Academic and Music Scholarships are awarded at 11+ and 16+ and there are further scholarships at 16+. Notable former pupils Achieng Ajulu-Bushell (b. 1994),", "title": "Notting Hill and Ealing High School" }, { "docid": "1363921", "text": "Perec \"Peter\" Rachman (16 August 1919 – 29 November 1962) was a Polish-born landlord who operated in Notting Hill, London, England in the 1950s and early 1960s. He became notorious for his exploitation of his tenants, with the word \"Rachmanism\" entering the Oxford English Dictionary as a synonym for the exploitation and intimidation of tenants. Early life and World War II Rachman was born in Lwów, Ukraine, in 1919, the son of Jewish parents. His father was a dentist. After the German invasion of Poland in 1939, Rachman may have joined the Polish resistance. He was first interned by the Germans and, after escaping across the Soviet border, was reinterned in a Soviet labour camp in Siberia and cruelly treated. After the Germans invaded the Soviet Union in 1941, Rachman and other Polish prisoners joined the II Polish Corps and fought with the Allies in the Middle East and Italy. After the war he stayed with his unit, as an occupation force in Italy until 1946 when it transferred to Britain. Rachman was demobilised in 1948 and became a British resident. Business career Rachman began his career by working for an estate agent in Shepherd's Bush. By 1957, he had built up a property empire in west London, consisting of more than a hundred run-down mansion blocks and several nightclubs. His office was at 91–93 Westbourne Grove, in Bayswater, and the first house he purchased and used for multi-occupation was nearby in the run-down, St Stephen's Gardens, W2. In adjacent areas in Notting Hill (W11) and North Kensington (W10), including Powis Square, Powis Gardens, Powis Terrace, Colville Road and Colville Terrace, he also subdivided large properties into flats and let rooms, initially often for prostitution. Much of this area, south of Westbourne Park Road, having become derelict, was compulsorily purchased by Westminster City Council in the late 1960s and was demolished in 1973–74 to make way for the Wessex Gardens estate. According to his biographer, Shirley Green, Rachman moved the protected tenants into a smaller concentration of properties or bought them out to minimise the number of tenancies with statutory rent controls. Houses were also subdivided into a number of flats to increase the number of tenancies without rent controls. Rachman filled the properties with recent migrants from the West Indies. Rachman's initial reputation, which he sought to promote in the media, was as someone who could help to find and provide accommodation for immigrants, but he was massively overcharging these West Indian tenants, as they did not have the same protection under the law as had the previous tenants. By 1958, he had largely moved out of slumlord-landlordism into property development, but his former henchmen, including the equally notorious Michael de Freitas (aka Michael X/Abdul Malik), who created a reputation for himself as a black-power leader and Johnny Edgecombe, who became a promoter of jazz and blues music, helped to keep him in the limelight. A special police unit was set up to investigate Rachman in 1959 and uncovered", "title": "Peter Rachman" }, { "docid": "56555823", "text": "Mary Collin (1 April 1860 – 22 July 1955) was an English teacher and campaigner for women's suffrage during the early part of the 20th century. Collin was the Chair of the Cardiff and District Women's Suffrage Society. Life Mary Collin was born in Cambridge and educated at Notting Hill High School for Girls, later graduating from Bedford College, London, in French and German. Having spent seven years as Second Mistress at Nottingham High School for Girls, she was appointed head of Cardiff Intermediate School for Girls (later Cardiff High School for Girls) in 1895, when the school first opened; she retained the post until 1924. She gathered well qualified teachers to her school, including Beatrice May Baker, who copied her approach when leading Badminton School to be more progressive. Collin's position in the community enabled her to command respect as a leader of the women's suffrage movement. As a head teacher, she supported the teaching of mathematics and science to girls, and advocated that school inspectors should themselves have a teaching qualification. A portrait of Miss Collin, by an unknown artist, has been rediscovered at St Fagans National Museum of History and put on display. References 1860 births 1955 deaths Schoolteachers from Nottinghamshire English suffragists People educated at Notting Hill & Ealing High School", "title": "Mary Collin" }, { "docid": "25165701", "text": "Rhaune Laslett (15 November 1919 – 28 April 2002) was an English community activist and the principal organiser of the Notting Hill Fayre or Festival, that evolved into the Notting Hill Carnival. Biography Rhaune Laslett was born Freda Pulverness in Stepney in the East End of London. Her mother Jennie was the daughter of Harris and Betsy Noskovitch. Her father was Abraham Pulverness. Laslett often claimed that she was of Native American heritage. With the name Frederica R.A.J. Pulvernes or Gibbons, she married Terence A. Laslett in 1947 and was later divorced. In 1960, she was a matron of the Pixie Hollow home in Grove Road, Ramsgate, Kent. At the trial, she was acquitted of the main charges but, because of her record, she was sentenced to nine months in prison. Laslett became president of the London Free School, organised by a coalition of local activists, including some emerging underground artists of the area, particularly John \"Hoppy\" Hopkins. The aims of the school were \"to promote cooperation and understanding between people of various races and creeds through education and through working together\". John Michell and Michael X provided 26 Powis Terrace as a base and the idea was born of a free festival, which became the Notting Hill Carnival. She set up the Children's Play Group at 34 Tavistock Crescent that was visited on 15 May 1966 by Muhammad Ali prior to his fight against Henry Cooper. She became president of the London Free School, organised by a coalition of local activists, including some emerging underground artists of the area, particularly John \"Hoppy\" Hopkins. The aims of the school were \"to promote cooperation and understanding between people of various races and creeds through education and through working together\". John Michell and Michael X provided 26 Powis Terrace as a base and the idea was born of a free fayre or festival, which became the Notting Hill Carnival. In 1968, she married James O'Brien in London. Notting Hill Carnival In a series of articles to newspaper correspondents and in The Grove (newsletter of the London Free School), Laslett outlined the aims of the festival – that the various culture groups of Notting Hill become more familiar with each other's customs, to bring more colour and life to the streets and to counter the perception of the area being a run-down slum. As she stated to The Grove, \"We felt that although West Indians, Africans, Irish and many other nationalities all live in a very congested area, there is very little communication between us. If we can infect them with a desire to participate then this can only have good results.\" The \"Notting Hill Fayre and Pageant\", or the London Free School Fair, was held over a week starting on 18 September 1966, and, as well as featuring a pageant that included \"a man dressed as Elizabeth I and children as Charles Dickens characters\", there was \"a Portobello parade consisting of the London Irish girl pipers, a West Indian New Orleans-style marching", "title": "Rhaune Laslett" } ]	[ "May 28 , 2013" ]
train_21967	who won the women 's world cup 2017 rugby	[ { "docid": "43709371", "text": "Amber Victoria Reed (born 3 April 1991) is an English rugby union player. She won the 2014 Women's Rugby World Cup as a member of 's squad and was selected for the 2017 Women's Rugby World Cup squad. She currently also plays for Bristol Bears. International career Reed debuted for the England Women's rugby team in 2012 against France, having previously played for the national side's Under 20s team. In 2014, she won the Women's Rugby World Cup with England. Reed went on to play every match in the 2017 Six Nations, in which England won the Grand Slam. She was also selected for the England World Cup team in 2017; the side lost in the final to New Zealand. A recurring back injury that kept her off the pitch for several months in 2018 and resulted in a specialist advising her to retire from contact sports. However, after her recovery and rehabilitation, Reed's international career continued at the 2018 Women's Six Nations. In 2019, Reed won her 50th cap playing in the Super Series in the USA and received the award from her mother. The same year, she was offered a full-time contract by the RFU, having previously juggled her rugby career with a teaching career. She also played in the first England Women versus the Barbarians match at Twickenham in 2019, which England won. She again played for England in the curtailed 2020 Women's Six Nations. Club career Reed began playing rugby at 14 when she attended Colston's School. While competing in the Rosslyn Park National Schools 7s, she was selected for the England pathway development track. She played briefly for Thornbury RFC before joining the Bristol Bears women's team in 2009, where she continues to play. Activism In 2021, Reed became an active member of the #icare social media campaign started by Bristol Bears teammate Stef Evans after Twitter users expressed derision and posted abusive tweets about the news that the 2021 Women's World Cup had been rescheduled. She has spoken publicly about mental health in sports and is a spokesperson for 'Looseheadz’, a rugby clothing brand raising awareness for mental health. Early life Reed is the niece of former Scottish International Andy Reed. As a youth, she played cricket for Gloucestershire and hockey for Bristol. She attended Colston's School and went on to attain a degree in Exercise and Sports Science from the University of Exeter. She was named British University Colleges Sports Person of the Year in 2013. As well as a professional rugby player, Reed is a qualified PE teacher and has taught at Colston's School and Bloxham School. References External links 1991 births Living people England women's international rugby union players English female rugby union players Bristol Bears Women players Rugby union players from Bristol Schoolteachers from Bristol Rugby union fly-halves Rugby union centres People educated at Colston's School Alumni of the University of Exeter", "title": "Amber Reed" }, { "docid": "48581519", "text": "The 2017 Festival of World Cups was a series of rugby league world cups that were held in Sydney, Australia during July 2017. As part of the festival, there was University World Cup and a Defence Force World Cup. It was originally intended that the event would also include a Police World Cup and the Wheelchair Rugby League World Cup. In May 2016, the World Cup organising committee raised concerns over financial support for the festival and in November 2016, it was announced that the 2017 Wheelchair World Cup would be held in France. The festival was part of the build-up to the 2017 Women's Rugby League World Cup and the 2017 Men's Rugby League World Cup which were held in Australia, New Zealand, and Papua New Guinea in October and November 2017. Universities World Cup The Universities World Cup was won by Australia. It was their sixth title. Pool A Pool B Finals Defence Force World Cup The Defence Force World Cup was won by Fiji. Fiji, who was a last minute replacement when Serbia withdrew, currently hold both the rugby league and rugby union Defence Force titles. A women's international defence force series was also held between Australia and New Zealand. Australia won the three match series, 3–0. Final Wheelchair World Cup The Wheelchair World Cup took place in southern France between 20 July and 28 July. Seven teams took part with the semi-finalists from 2013 (Australia, England, France and Wales) placed in Group A and Italy, Spain and Scotland in Group B. France won 38–34 in the final against England to retain the title. Australia finished third after defeating newcomers Italy 58–45 and Spain, who were also making their first appearance at the world cup, lost 45–66 to Wales in the fifth-place play-off match. Final References 2017 in rugby league Festival of World Cups Festival of World Cups Wheelchair Rugby League World Cup", "title": "2017 Festival of World Cups" }, { "docid": "53050983", "text": "This page covers the major events of 2017 in rugby union. International tournaments 31 May – 18 June: 2017 World Rugby Under 20 Championship in defeated 64–17 to win their sixth World Rugby Under 20 Championship title. took third place. 9 – 26 August: 2017 Women's Rugby World Cup in Ireland (pool stage in ; knockout rounds and classification matches in ) defeated 41–32 to win their fifth Women's World Cup title. defeated the 31–23 to take third place. 29 August – 10 September: 2017 World Rugby Under 20 Trophy in 2017 Cup of Nations Northern hemisphere national teams 3 September 2016 – 20 May 2017: 2016–17 Rugby Europe International Championships 24 September 2016 – 24 April 2017: 2016–17 Rugby Europe Trophy in , the , , , , and Round Robin: 1st place: , 2nd place: , 3rd place: 3 February – 18 March: 2017 Women's Six Nations Championship in , , , , and Round Robin: 1st place: , 2nd place: , 3rd place: 4 February – 4 March: 2017 Americas Rugby Championship in , , , , the and Round Robin - 1st place: ; 2nd place: ; 3rd place: 4 February – 18 March: 2017 Six Nations Championship in , , , , and Round Robin: 1st place: , 2nd place: , 3rd place: 11 February – 19 March: 2017 Rugby Europe Championship in , , , , and Round Robin: 1st place: , 2nd place: , 3rd place: 22 April – 3 June: 2017 Asia Rugby Championship in , and Round Robin: 1st place: , 2nd place: , 3rd place: Southern hemisphere national teams 10 – 18 March: 2017 World Rugby Pacific Challenge Champions: Fiji Warriors; Second: Junior Japan; Third: Tonga A; Fourth: Samoa A 1 – 15 July: 2017 World Rugby Pacific Nations Cup Champions: ; Second: ; Third: 19 August – 7 October: 2017 Rugby Championship 2017 Sudamérica Rugby Cup Club tournaments Northern hemisphere clubs 26 August 2016 – 14 January 2017: 2016–17 Top League, won by Suntory Sungoliath 14 October 2016 – 13 May 2017: 2016–17 European Rugby Champions Cup, won by Saracens 13 October 2016 – 12 May 2017: 2016–17 European Rugby Challenge Cup, won by Stade Français 2 September 2016 – 27 May 2017: 2016–17 Pro12, won by Scarlets 20 August 2016 – 4 June 2017: 2016–17 Top 14 season, won by Clermont 2 September 2016 – 27 May 2017: 2016–17 Aviva Premiership, won by Exeter Chiefs Southern hemisphere clubs January 30 – April 17: 2017 Varsity Cup in South Africa, won by UP Tuks February 9 – April 10: 2017 Varsity Shield in South Africa, won by UWC February 23 – August 5: 2017 Super Rugby season in South Africa, New Zealand, Australia, Argentina and Japan, won by the Crusaders August – October: 2017 Currie Cup Premier Division in South Africa, won by Western Province 2 September – 11 November: 2017 National Rugby Championship in Australia and Fiji, won by Queensland Country Rugby sevens 2 December 2016 – 21", "title": "2017 in rugby union" }, { "docid": "43304074", "text": "Shannon Michelle Parry (born 27 October 1989) is a former Australian rugby player. She represented Australia in 24 tests and appeared in four Rugby World Cup's, in 2010, 2014, 2017 and 2021. She won a gold medal at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio, and also competed at the Tokyo Olympics in 2021. Rugby career 2010–13 Parry was a member of the Wallaroos squad at the 2010 Rugby World Cup that finished in third place. She made her test debut in the tournament in her sides opening game against Wales. She was named in the Australian sevens squad to the 2013 Rugby World Cup Sevens in Moscow, they went into the tournament as defending champions. 2014–18 Parry was in 's 2014 Women's Rugby World Cup squad. She was co-captain of Australia's team at the 2016 Olympics, defeating New Zealand in the final to win the inaugural Olympic gold medal in the sport. In 2017, Parry was named Captain of the Wallaroos squad. She won a silver medal as part of the sevens team at the 2018 Commonwealth Games in the Gold Coast. 2020–22 Parry was named in the Australia squad for the Rugby sevens at the 2020 Summer Olympics. The team came second in the pool round but then lost to Fiji 14-12 in the quarterfinals. Parry was named in Australia's squad for the 2022 Pacific Four Series in New Zealand. She then made the Wallaroos squad for a two-test series against the Black Ferns at the Laurie O'Reilly Cup. She was selected in the team again for the delayed 2022 Rugby World Cup in New Zealand. 2023 Parry announced her retirement from rugby on May 15. Her 13 year career ended on a winning note after her sides 22–5 victory over Fiji at the Allianz Stadium. References External links Wallaroos Profile 1989 births Living people Australia women's international rugby union players Australian female rugby union players Australian female rugby sevens players Rugby sevens players at the 2016 Summer Olympics Olympic rugby sevens players for Australia Olympic gold medalists for Australia Olympic medalists in rugby sevens Medalists at the 2016 Summer Olympics Australia international rugby sevens players Commonwealth Games medallists in rugby sevens Commonwealth Games silver medallists for Australia Rugby sevens players at the 2018 Commonwealth Games Recipients of the Medal of the Order of Australia Rugby sevens players at the 2020 Summer Olympics Medallists at the 2018 Commonwealth Games Rugby union players from Brisbane Sportswomen from Queensland", "title": "Shannon Parry" }, { "docid": "43226702", "text": "Kendra Margaret Cocksedge (born 1 July 1988) is a retired New Zealand Rugby Union player and Cricketer. She played for the New Zealand Women's national rugby union side, the Black Ferns and for the Canterbury provincial side. She was a member of the 2010, 2017 and 2021 Rugby World Cup winning squads. In 2018 she won the Kelvin R Tremain Memorial Player of the Year Award at the annual New Zealand Rugby awards. Early life Cocksedge was originally from Taranaki, she played rugby from a young age and made the Taranaki and Hurricanes Secondary School teams. She also represented the Central Hinds at cricket, debuting as a 15-year-old. Cricket career Cocksedge wore cap #100 for the Central Districts Hinds, playing 38 List A one-day matches and five Twenty20s. She debuted in the 2004-5 season and played through to the 2007-8 season State League final (after she has already become a Black Fern). When her rugby and cricket commitments required her to chose a single sport, she retired from cricket. Rugby career In 2007, at the age of 19, she made her debut for Canterbury after moving there to study at Lincoln University. She later made her international debut for the Black Ferns on 16 October that year against the Wallaroos at Wanganui. In addition to Rugby union, Cocksedge has also represented New Zealand in the sport of Rugby sevens and was a member of the winning team of the Women's Sevens World Series in 2013. 2014–2017 In 2014 Cocksedge started in all nine matches for the Canterbury Women's Provincial Team, performing strongly and scoring 101 points. Following this Cocksedge made her Test debut for New Zealand and was named in the squad to the 2014 Women's Rugby World Cup. In 2015, she was top point scorer with 26 points at the 2015 Women's Rugby Super Series. She was named New Zealand's Women's Player of the Year at the end of 2015 and went on to be named in the 2017 Women's Rugby World Cup squad that won the tournament. 2018–2021 Cocksedge became the first woman to be receive the Kelvin R Tremain Memorial Award for Player of the Year at the New Zealand Rugby awards in 2018. In 2019 she was part of the winning team of the Women's Super Rugby Series. In the 2021 New Year Honours, Cocksedge was appointed a Member of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to rugby. Cocksedge was one of five players who signed with the Matatū rugby team for the inaugural season of the Super Rugby Aupiki. 2022 Cocksedge was selected for the Black Ferns squad for the 2022 Pacific Four Series. She was recalled into the team for the August test series against the Wallaroos for the Laurie O'Reilly Cup. Cocksedge appeared in her fourth World Cup when she made the Black Ferns 32-player squad for the delayed 2021 Rugby World Cup. She helped the Black Ferns claim their sixth Rugby World Cup title. Cocksedge later retired from rugby after", "title": "Kendra Cocksedge" }, { "docid": "72201617", "text": "The 2021 Rugby World Cup final was the final match of the 2021 Rugby World Cup, the ninth edition of the women's Rugby World Cup and the seventh organised by World Rugby for women's national rugby union teams. The match was contested between two-time champions England, and hosts and five-time and defending champions New Zealand on 12 November 2022 at Eden Park in Auckland, New Zealand, postponed from the previous year. This was the fifth time that these two nations met in a Rugby World Cup final, following the 2002, 2006, 2010 and 2017 editions. New Zealand won the Rugby World Cup for a record sixth time, beating England 34–31. New Zealand captain Ruahei Demant was named the player of the match. Background The 2021 Rugby World Cup, the ninth edition of the women's Rugby World Cup, was held in New Zealand between 8 October and 12 November 2022, postponed from 18 September to 18 October 2021. Twelve teams contested the final tournament, playing 26 matches. The top seven placed teams from the 2017 World Cup automatically qualified for the tournament, while the remaining five spots were decided in qualifying rounds between 9 August 2019 and 21 February 2022 from 23 teams. Teams were divided into three pools of four teams, with each team playing each other once in a round-robin format. The top two teams in each pool, plus the two best-ranked third-placed teams, qualified for the quarter-finals, the first time the quarter-finals appeared in the Women's World Cup since 2002. Rights to host the final was awarded to Eden Park, the national stadium of New Zealand that had previously hosted men's Rugby World Cup finals in 1987 and 2011, making it the first venue to host finals in men's and women's Rugby World Cups. It also played host to three pool games on opening day, as well as the semi-finals and third place play-off. England won the tournament on two previous occasions in 1994 and 2014, with New Zealand having won on a record five occasions, in 1998, 2002, 2006, 2010 and 2017. At least one of England and New Zealand have appeared in every Rugby World Cup final, often competing against each other; on only one occasion (the first World Cup in 1991) has neither team been champion. The 2021 final was the 30th match between England and New Zealand. They first played against each other in Burnham, New Zealand, in 1997 where New Zealand won 67–0 (England's biggest defeat); since then, England had won 10 meetings, 18 previous matches were won by New Zealand, and a single game had been drawn in Esher, England, in 2011. Having a long rivalry and being the undisputed strongest teams in the world, the nations met previously in five of the past six World Cups, four of which were finals. The most recent match between them before the 2021 World Cup was played at Franklin's Gardens in Northampton, England, on 7 November 2021, with England winning 56–15 (New Zealand's biggest", "title": "2021 Rugby World Cup final" }, { "docid": "70115335", "text": "The Women's Rugby World Cup is an international rugby union competition for women's national teams. The competition was first established in 1991 but the 1991 and 1994 competitions were not sanctioned at the time by the International Rugby Board (IRB, now World Rugby) and were not recognized by them until 2009. The 1998 World Cup was the first tournament sanctioned by the IRB. New Zealand is the most successful team in the tournament by far. They have won six titles with four back-to-back victories from 1998 to 2010. England follow with two titles and the United States with one. Canada has appeared in a final only once in 2014. History The United States and England contested the first women's final in April 1991. England was in the lead 6–3 at halftime with a converted penalty try by Gill Burns. However a resurgent US team ran in 16 unanswered points to claim the inaugural title. The 1994 World Cup was held three years later to avoid coinciding with the men's World Cup. The two finalists of the 1991 World Cup seemed destined to repeat their earlier encounter. After a very entertaining match England were the second team to win the trophy. 1998 saw a new champion in New Zealand as they dominated the United States in the final with eight tries. It was the first of four consecutive titles that New Zealand would win, but not without a fight from the English. England eventually won their second title in 2014 with a shocking exit of New Zealand in the pool stage. Canada made their first appearance in a final before succumbing to England. New Zealand returned to the final in 2017, playing defending champions England, it was a closely contested match with an aggregate of 73 points by the two teams. New Zealand won their fifth title. The 2021 competition was postponed to 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic and produced a repeat of the 2017 final as hosts and reigning champions New Zealand faced England. England came into the match on a winning streak of 30 matches and took an early lead before Lydia Thompson was sent off for a high tackle. England preserved their lead at 26–19 at half-time but their 14 players were ultimately unable to contain New Zealand, who finally took the lead with a 71st minute try by Ayesha Leti-I'iga. The game at Eden Park was watched by a record crowd for a women's rugby union match of 42,579. Finals Results by nation See also Rugby World Cup References world.rugby \"History - Rugby World Cup 2021\" www.rugbyworldcup.com. Retrieved 2022-02-19. world.rugby. \"Women's Rugby World Cup: The story so far - Rugby World Cup 2021\". www.rugbyworldcup.com. Retrieved 2022-02-19. #", "title": "List of Women's Rugby World Cup finals" }, { "docid": "43625980", "text": "Marlie Marie Packer (born 2 October 1989) is an English rugby union player (back row / flanker) for Saracens and women. She was part of the winning 2014 Women's Rugby World Cup squad. International career Packer began her international career playing for England in 2008. In 2013, she played for the England squad at the 2013 Women's Rugby World Cup Sevens in Moscow. She went on to play for the winning England 15s team during the 2014 World Cup, and again in the 2017 Women's Rugby World Cup. In 2017 she also played for England in the Women's Six Nations tournament and was part of the winning Grand Slam team in the 2019 Women's Six Nations, playing in four of England's five games. She has won four Six Nations Grand Slam titles with England to date. Packer started in all but one of England's 2019 Women's Rugby Super Series games and was awarded a full time contract to play in the England team in 2019. In 2020, an ankle injury kept her from playing in the year's Six Nations championship. She was named in the England squad for the delayed 2021 Rugby World Cup held in New Zealand in October and November 2022. Club career From 2007 to 2009, Packer played for Bath before moving to Bristol in 2009. In 2013 she was named Bristol Coaches Player of the Season. Packer signed for Wasps in 2013. After England's World Cup victory in 2014, Packer was made an Honorary member of her hometown club, Yeovil RFC, and given the freedom of Yeovil. She returned to play for Bristol in 2016 and moved to Saracens Women in 2017, where she continues to play. Packer was part of the team as they won the inaugural Tyrells Premier 15s competition in 2018. In the same year she was also named the Saracens Coaches Player of the Season. Honours 2014 Women's Rugby World Cup winner 2014 Freedom of Yeovil 2017 Women's Rugby World Cup finalist 2023 England Captain 2023 World Player of the Year Early life Packer began playing rugby at five years old for the Ivel Barbarians in Yeovil. She remained at the club for 13 years. She attended Birchfield Community Primary School, Buckler's Mead Academy and Yeovil College. Outside of rugby, Packer is a qualified plumber. Personal life In September 2020, Packer's former partner Natasha gave birth to their son, Oliver. In April 2023, when 3½ years old, Oliver accompanied Marlie as she ran out as England captain, to face France at Twickenham, in front of a world record crowd. References External links RFU Profile 1989 births Living people England women's international rugby union players English female rugby union players Rugby union players from Yeovil Saracens Women rugby players Wasps Women rugby players Bristol Bears Women players British plumbers England international women's rugby sevens players British LGBT rugby union players Rugby union flankers English lesbian sportswomen", "title": "Marlie Packer" }, { "docid": "71632388", "text": "The New Zealand women's national rugby union team, also known as the Black Ferns, have played 38 matches so far in eight of nine Women's Rugby World Cup tournaments in 1991, and from 1998 to 2021. They did not participate in the 1994 World Cup in Scotland due to a late cancellation. They have won the 1998, 2002, 2006, 2010, 2017, and the 2021 tournaments. They are the only team to have won four back-to-back World Cup's — 1998 to 2010. Their worst performance was in 2014 when they lost their only match in the pool stage to Ireland and missed out on the semi-finals for the first time. They have made it to at least the semi-finals at all the other tournaments. New Zealand hosted their first Women's Rugby World Cup which washeld from 8 October to 12 November 2022 in Auckland and Whangārei. The tournament was originally scheduled to be held in 2021, but was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It was the first time that a country in the Southern Hemisphere has ever hosted a Rugby World Cup. The Black Ferns won their sixth title after defeating England in the final. By position 1991 Rugby World Cup Pool Stage Cup Semi-final 1998 Rugby World Cup Pool Stage Knockout stage Quarter-final Semi-final Final 2002 Rugby World Cup Pool Stage Knockout stage Semi-final Final 2006 Rugby World Cup Pool Stage Knockout stage Semi-final Final 2010 Rugby World Cup Pool Stage Knockout stage Semi-final Final 2014 Rugby World Cup Pool Stage Knockout stage 5th–8th Place Playoff (Semi-final) 5th Place Playoff 2017 Rugby World Cup Pool Stage Knockout stage Semi-final Final 2021 Rugby World Cup Pool Stage Knockout stage Quarter-final Semi-final Final Overall record Overall record against all nations in the World Cup: References External links Official site of the Rugby World Cup. Official site of World Rugby. World Cup", "title": "New Zealand women at the Rugby World Cup" }, { "docid": "29598674", "text": "Kelly Brazier (born 28 October 1989) is a New Zealand rugby union and sevens player. She has played flyhalf, centre and fullback for the Black Ferns, New Zealand's women's national rugby team, and has competed at three Rugby World Cups in 2010, 2014, and 2017. She has represented Otago, Canterbury and the Bay of Plenty in the Farah Palmer Cup. Brazier has also represented the Black Ferns sevens team in the Olympic Games, the Rugby World Cup Sevens, the Women's Sevens Series, and the Commonwealth Games. She has won gold medals in every major sevens tournaments. Early career Brazier was born in Dunedin to an English father and an Irish mother who came to New Zealand with their first child Tony. Her sport career started at five when her two-years-older brother took her to a rugby field, and was split between touch in summer and rugby during winter. Brazier was in New Zealand's U21 mixed touch team at 14 and in New Zealand secondary schoolgirls team at 15. She also began to play in Alhambra Union rugby in 2003 and Otago Spirit provincial selection in 2004. She entered New Zealand rugby's record books on 2 May 2009, when she scored 64 points – ten tries and seven conversions – for her club in the Otago Metropolitan Women's Premier match against Kaikorai at the University Oval in Dunedin. Rugby career 2009–10 Brazier made her international debut against England on 14 November 2009 at Pillar Data Arena, in Esher, when Black Ferns won 16–3. In the second test match played at Twickenham in front of a record crowd of 12500 people Black Ferns was defeated 10–3. Brazier was among the nominees for the 2009 Steinlager Rugby Awards for NZRU Women's Player of the Year with Carla Hohepa and Victoria Heighway, who won. She was also named the Otago Institute of Sport and Adventure's top sportsperson in 2009 and 2010. Brazier took part in the 2010 Women's Rugby World Cup, playing a key role in the Black Ferns' success in the final against England and becoming the leading point scorer with 4 tries, 11 conversions and 2 penalties. She scored her first try during the match against South Africa thanks to a fine pass by Anna Richards. 2011 After going to coach and play for Clan Rugby in Edmonton, Canada for four months, Brazier went back to New Zealand for the start of Women's NPC with Canterbury. In spite of a good debut with her new team – two tries in a 60–0 win over Hawke's Bay Tuis – and some other victories against Manawatu Cyclones and her former team Otago Spirit, Canterbury failed to reach the final. In October 2011, she was called by New Zealand head coach Grant Hansen to play three tests against England, a tour which concluded with two losses and a draw for Black Ferns and only 5 points for her (a conversion and a penalty). 2017–19 Brazier was named in the squad for the 2017 Women's Rugby", "title": "Kelly Brazier" }, { "docid": "43201511", "text": "Fiao'o Fa'amausili (born 30 September 1980) is a former New Zealand female rugby union player. She played for and Auckland. She made her Black Ferns debut on 18 May, 2002 against Australia at Barcelona. She was a member of the winning Black Ferns squad for the 2010 Women's Rugby World Cup. She has been to five World Cups beginning from 2002–2017. Early life Fa'amausili was born in Samoa, she moved with her family to New Zealand when she was five. Her mother is from Fogapoa in Savai’i and her father is from the villages of Faleula and Aleisa in Apia. She visits Samoa every year. She is a police detective in south Auckland. Career Faamausili has won four Women’s Rugby World Cup titles and captained the Black Ferns between 2012 and 2018. She has played over 100 games for Auckland and won several provincial titles. Fa'amausili was named as captain of the Black Ferns for the inaugural 2015 Women's Rugby Super Series held in Canada. She was named in the 2017 Women's Rugby World Cup squad. In the 2018 Queen's Birthday Honours, Fa'amausili was appointed an Officer of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to rugby. In 2019, Fa'amausili was on the voting panel for the World Rugby Breakthrough Player of the Year award. She was one of 31 Black Ferns who were capped at the Black Ferns capping ceremony in Auckland at Eden Park. She received two caps, one was for her debut and another one for 50 Test matches. She is the first Black Fern to reach the 50-game milestone. She was elected as the Auckland Rugby Union's first female President in 2021. World Rugby Hall of Fame Induction Fa'amausili was inducted into the World Rugby Hall of Fame in a special ceremony during the 2021 Rugby World Cup semi-finals at Eden Park on 5 November 2022. References External links Black Ferns Profile 1980 births Living people New Zealand women's international rugby union players New Zealand female rugby union players New Zealand police officers Rugby union hookers Auckland rugby union players Officers of the New Zealand Order of Merit New Zealand sportspeople of Samoan descent Samoan emigrants to New Zealand Barbarian F.C. Women players New Zealand expatriate rugby union players in England", "title": "Fiao'o Fa'amausili" }, { "docid": "55440964", "text": "Leanne Nicole Infante (née Riley, born 18 July 1993) is an English rugby union player. She made her debut for England in 2013 and was a finalist in the 2017 Women's Rugby World Cup. At club level, she plays for Saracens. International career In 2012, Infante was part of the England 7s team that won the 2012 Hong Kong Women's Sevens. Her debut for the senior England 15s side came in 2013 against South Africa. At the 2017 Women's Rugby World Cup, Infante was part of the England team who took the silver medal. She scored her first international try at the 2018 Women's Six Nations Championship and was awarded a full time contract with the team in 2019. She was part of the Grand Slam winning England team at the 2019 Six Nations and was also named to the Super Series squad the same year. Infante continues to play for the England Women's Rugby Team as of the 2022 Six Nations. She was named in the England squad for the delayed 2021 Rugby World Cup held in New Zealand in October and November 2022. Club career Infante joined Saracens Women in 2013 and moved on to Richmond FC in 2015. In 2017, she won the Women's Premiership with the Aylesford Bulls Ladies - later that year, the club was taken over by Harlequins Ladies where Infante continues to play as a scrum half. She later won the Premier 15s in 2021 for Harlequins before moving to Bristol Bears Women. Infante rejoined Saracens Women for the 2022/3 season. Riley holds a distinction of winning the Premiership with every side she has represented. Early life and education She began playing rugby at Park Hill Primary School, Coventry, aged 10. She moved on to the Old Coventrians before playing for both the Worcester and Lichfield U18s. Riley attended Allesley Primary School and Coundon Court Secondary school. She achieved a BTEC National Diploma in Sports Performance and Excellence, and has a sports massage qualification from Southam College. As well as rugby, Riley is a skilled netball player and has previously played for Warwickshire. Before she received her full-time England contract, Riley worked as a sports massage therapist and gym receptionist. Riley is an ambassador for the Harlequins' Switch initiative and the Lions Sports Academy, which involves her encouraging young people to try rugby and offering coaching. References External links RFU Player Profile 1993 births Living people England women's international rugby union players English female rugby union players Rugby union players from Coventry Saracens Women rugby players Harlequins Women rugby players Rugby union scrum-halves Bristol Bears Women players", "title": "Leanne Infante" }, { "docid": "54113033", "text": "The 2017 Canada Sevens was the fourth tournament within the 2016–17 World Rugby Women's Sevens Series. It was held over the weekend of 27–28 May 2017 at Westhills Stadium in Langford, Victoria, British Columbia. New Zealand won the tournament and gold medal, defeating hosts Canada by 17–7 in the Cup final. Australia took third place over France by 26–12 in the play-off for bronze, while Fiji won the Challenge Trophy for ninth place. Format The teams were drawn into three pools of four teams each. Each team played every other team in their pool once. The top two teams from each pool advanced to the Cup brackets, together with the two best third-placed teams. The other teams from each group played off for the Challenge Trophy. Teams Pool stage Pool A Pool B Pool C Knockout stage Challenge Trophy 5th Place Cup Source: World Rugby Tournament placings Source: World Rugby See also 2016–17 World Rugby Women's Sevens Series World Rugby Women's Sevens Series World Rugby References External links Official website 2017 2016–17 World Rugby Women's Sevens Series 2017 in Canadian women's sports 2017 in women's rugby union May 2017 sports events in Canada Sports competitions in British Columbia 2017 in sports in British Columbia", "title": "2017 Canada Women's Sevens" }, { "docid": "40034343", "text": "Danielle Sian \"Nolli\" Waterman (born 20 January 1985) is a retired professional English rugby union, rugby sevens player and current rugby commentator. As a member of England's national rugby union team, she became a multiple Six Nations Championship winner and World Champion in 2014. She was selected for the 2017 Women's Rugby World Cup squad. Early life and career Danielle Waterman is the daughter of Jim Waterman, who played in more than 400 games for Bath Rugby. Rugby took hold of her while Waterman's family was staying in New Zealand. At Palmerston North High School, she was one of a few girls who played rugby with the boys. She continued to do so at her first sports club, Minehead Barbarians RFC, after returning to England. She played for the South West regional U-16s squad until she was selected to the England Senior Academy at the age of 15. Sports career On her Test debut in 2003 against Ireland, 18-year-old Danielle Waterman became the youngest woman then to represent her country. She won the award for England's Most Promising Player in 2006 and was the national team's vice captain when England won the 2012 Women's European Championship. After winning silver medals at the 2006 World Cup and the 2010 World Cup, she became World Champion at the 2014 Women's Rugby World Cup having scored a try in the final against Canada. Subsequently, Waterman was awarded Gloucestershire's Professional Sports Personality of 2014, in addition to the English team receiving the BBC Sports Personality Team of the Year Award. Waterman holds a Level 3 Rugby Union coaching certificate. In 2014, she signed a professional contract with England 7s to prepare for the 2016 Summer Olympics. After suffering a knee injury and, later on, a broken cheekbone, Waterman was forced to pause for more than a year. She returned to the field in April 2016 at the Canada Women's Sevens scoring a try in her first appearance in the pool game against Ireland. The English national team won the series tournament with Waterman being named to the tournament's dream team. Waterman was picked for the final selection of Great Britain's national rugby sevens team competing at the 2016 Summer Olympics. The team finished the tournament on 4th place losing against New Zealand in the semifinal and against Canada in the match for the bronze medals. She retired from international rugby in 2018 after scoring 47 tries and winning 82 caps over the course of her career. Waterman joined Wasps Ladies FC in September 2017, playing in the inaugural Premiers 15 season in which the team finished third overall. She continued to play for Wasps Ladies until her retirement. In 2019, she was on the first panel to determine the World Rugby women's-15s player-of-the-year award with Melodie Robinson, Will Greenwood, Liza Burgess, Lynne Cantwell, Fiona Coghlan, Gaëlle Mignot, Jillion Potter, Stephen Jones, and Karl Te Nana. As well, in 2019 she was on the World Rugby Men's Sevens Player of the Year award and World", "title": "Danielle Waterman" }, { "docid": "43925152", "text": "Claire Molloy is an Ireland women's rugby union international from Galway. Molloy represented Ireland at the 2010, 2014 and 2017 Women's Rugby World Cups. At the 2014 tournament she was a member of the Ireland team that defeated New Zealand and she captained Ireland at the 2017 tournament. She was also a member of the Ireland teams that won the 2013 and 2015 Women's Six Nations Championships. She is also an Ireland women's rugby sevens international and captained the Ireland team at the 2013 Rugby World Cup Sevens. Molloy also played ladies' Gaelic football for and featured in the 2005 All-Ireland Senior Ladies' Football Championship final. Family Molloy was raised in a sporting family. Claire's father, Evan Molloy, is a prominent member of the Colaiste Iognáid (Jez) Rowing Club. Three of her siblings have also represented Ireland at international level in different sports. Her younger brother, Tim Molloy, is a former Republic of Ireland under-19 association football international and also played for University College Dublin A.F.C. Her sister, Emily Molloy, played as a goalkeeper for the Ireland women's national field hockey team at underage level and her older brother, Liam Molloy, rowed for Ireland up to under-23 level. Gaelic football Molloy played Ladies' Gaelic football for and in 2005, aged 16, played in three finals for her county. On 30 April 2005 she played in the Ladies' National Football League final which Cork won 2–13 to 0–6. On 25 July 2005 she played in the All-Ireland Under-18 Ladies' Football Championship (minor) final against Donegal which Galway won 5–7 to 1–8. On 2 October 2005 she played in the 2005 All-Ireland Senior Ladies' Football Championship final which Cork won 1–11 to 0–8 Other members of these Galway teams included Niamh Fahey and Annette Clarke. Molloy played for Galway up to 2011. Rugby union Clubs Molloy switched codes from Ladies' Gaelic football to women's rugby union while attending Cardiff University where she studied medicine. She initially played for Cardiff Quins, making her debut in the WWRU National Cup final which Quins won. She was also a Cardiff Quins player when she made her debut for the Ireland women's national rugby union team. Molloy subsequently joined Bristol Ladies and on summer trips home from university she also played for Galwegians. Together with Sarah Hunter and Carys Phillips, Molloy was one of three Bristol Ladies players to captain their countries at the 2017 Women's Rugby World Cup. Hunter and Phillips captained England and Wales respectively. Molloy moved to Wasps in 2018, before returning to Bristol in 2022 Provincial level Molloy has represented Connacht in the IRFU Women's Interprovincial Series. She has also played for the Irish Exiles. Ireland international On 6 February 2009, Molloy made her debut for the Ireland women's national rugby union team when she came on as replacement in a 7–5 win against France. This was the first time the Ireland Women had beaten France. Molloy went onto represent Ireland at the 2010, 2014 and 2017 Women's Rugby World Cups. At", "title": "Claire Molloy" }, { "docid": "59910993", "text": "Poppy Georgia Cleall (born 12 June 1992) is an English rugby union player. She also plays for Saracens Women at club level. She is the 2021 Six Nations Player of the Year, England Player of the year and the leading all time Premiership try scorer. She was nominated for World Player of the Year in 2021. She has won 5 Grand Slams and 4 Premiership Titles with Saracens. International career Cleall made her England debut at the 2016 Women's Six Nations Championship. In 2017 she featured in every game of the 2017 Six Nations in which England won the Grand Slam. The same year, she was selected for the 2017 Women's Rugby World Cup team as an injury replacement; England reached the final of the tournament. The following year she again played for England's 2018 Six Nations team, switching between flanker, No. 8 and second row. Her Six Nations career continued in 2019 when she scored four tries for her country, representing in each of England's games. She was offered a professional contract with the England team in 2019, and played in the 2019 Super Series in San Diego that summer. Cleall scored a hat trick in England's 66-7 win over Wales in the 2020 Women's Six Nations Championship, and was named player of the match in England's opening game against Scotland. She was also named the Six Nations Player of the Championship. She captained England for the first time in a record win v New Zealand at Franklin’s Gardens. She went on to captain the side again in the 2022 Six Nations, for a game v Italy. England won the grand slam and Cleall won her fifth title. She was named in the England squad for the delayed 2021 Rugby World Cup held in New Zealand in October and November 2022. Club career Cleall signed for Bristol Ladies in 2010 and moved to Saracens Women from 2012 to 2016. She returned to Bristol for the 2016/17 season but rejoined Saracens in 2017, where she continues to play. During her time at Saracens, Cleall has achieved three back to back Women's Premiership titles. She was named Player of the Match in the 2019 final. She was named Player of the Match in the 21/22 season semis final as Saracens beat Quins. They won the title after defeating Exeter Chiefs in the final. Honours Awarded an Honorary doctorate of Arts from Bournemouth University for her work in women’s rugby and founded the Women’s Rugby Agency. 2021 - Six Nations Player of the Championship 2021 - Nominated for World Player of the Year 2021- England Player of the Year 2021- World Rugby Dream Team of the Year 2017 - Women's Rugby World Cup finalist Early life and education Cleall started playing rugby aged six; growing up, she played for Ellingham and Ringwood, Wimborne and Salisbury RFCs. Her twin sister, Bryony Cleall, also plays rugby for England and Saracens Women. In 2020, Cleall founded the Women's Rugby Agency to encourage more girls to", "title": "Poppy Cleall" }, { "docid": "55283343", "text": "Eloise Blackwell (born 28 December 1990) is a New Zealand rugby union player. She was a member of New Zealand's squad at the 2014 Rugby World Cup, and was also a part of their champion 2017 side. She also plays for the Blues Women in the Super Rugby Aupiki competition and represents Auckland provincially. Background Blackwell is a teacher by profession and teaches at Epsom Girls' Grammar School. She graduated with a Bachelor's degree in Physical education from the University of Auckland in 2013. Rugby career 2009–14 Blackwell has played for Auckland since 2009, and made her test debut for the Black Ferns on 26 November 2011 against England at London. Blackwell was a member of the Black Ferns side that lost to Ireland in the pool stage of the 2014 Rugby World Cup. 2017 Blackwell was selected for the Black Ferns 2017 Rugby World Cup squad. They won their fifth World Cup title after defeating England 41–32 in the final. 2018 In 2018, Blackwell was one of 28 players who became the first women in New Zealand to receive professional contracts. She scored a try in the second Test of the Laurie O'Reilly Cup against the Wallaroos at Eden Park. 2019–20 Blackwell was part of the winning team of the 2019 Super Series at San Diego. She scored tries against Canada, and the United States at the tournament. A month later, she scored a try in the second Test of the O'Reilly Cup against the Wallaroos in Auckland. She captained the Black Ferns against a New Zealand Barbarians side in 2020. 2021–22 Blackwell played for the Blues against the Chiefs in the first-ever women's Super Rugby match in New Zealand on 1 May 2021. She was part of the Black Ferns disappointing end-of-year tour of England and France in October and November. On 3 November 2021, She was named in the Blues Women's squad for the inaugural Super Rugby Aupiki competition. In 2022, She was one of 29 players contracted to the Black Ferns. She featured in the Blues Women's 0–35 thrashing by the Chiefs Manawa in the final round of the Super Rugby Aupiki competition. References External links Eloise Blackwell at Black Ferns Blues Profile 1990 births Living people New Zealand female rugby union players New Zealand women's international rugby union players Rugby union players from Auckland University of Auckland alumni Rugby union locks New Zealand schoolteachers Barbarian F.C. Women players New Zealand expatriate rugby union players in England", "title": "Eloise Blackwell" }, { "docid": "51083899", "text": "Theresa Matauaina Fitzpatrick (born 25 February 1995) is a New Zealand rugby union player. She was a member of the Black Ferns champion 2017 and 2021 Rugby World Cup squads. She has also represented New Zealand in rugby sevens; she won gold medals at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo and at the 2018 Commonwealth Games and Rugby World Cup Sevens. She played for the Blues Women in the 2022 Super Rugby Aupiki season.Since her marriage in December 2023 she has used the surname, Setefano. Early life Theresa Matauaina Fitzpatrick was born on 25 February 1995 to Greg and Faalogo Rosemary Fitzpatrick. Rugby career 2016 Fitzpatrick represents New Zealand in rugby sevens. She made her sevens debut at the 2016 USA Women's Sevens. She was named in the sevens squad for the 2016 Summer Olympics. 2017–2021 Fitzpatrick was named in the 2017 Women's Rugby World Cup squad and was part of the winning team of the 2019 Women's Rugby Super Series. On 3 November 2021, She was named in the Blues squad for the inaugural Super Rugby Aupiki competition. 2022 Fitzpatrick was named in the Blues starting line up for their first game against Matatū, they won 21–10. She also started in their 0–35 thrashing by the Chiefs Manawa in the final round. Fitzpatrick was named in the Black Ferns Sevens squad for the 2022 Commonwealth Games in Birmingham. She won a bronze medal at the Commonwealth Games. In August 2022, she was selected in Black Ferns XV's team for the test series against Australia for the Laurie O'Reilly Cup. She made the Black Ferns 32-player squad for the delayed 2021 Rugby World Cup. She scored a try in the second pool game against Wales. Her second try came in the final pool game against Scotland. Fitzpatrick also scored a try in the Black Ferns nail-biting semifinal clash with France as they fought their way into the final. After taking a break from rugby through most of 2023 she was named in February 2024 in the Black Fern Sevens squad for the remainder of the 2023-24 season. Personal life Fitzpatrick undertakes medical studies at the University of Auckland. In Rarotonga in the Cook Islands on 22nd December 2023 Fitzpatrick married Ryan Quentin Setefano. Setefano played 166 premier games for Marist St Pats rugby team and was head coach of the club’s women’s team for eight seasons. In 2023 he was appointed he assistant coach to Wellington Pride women’s rugby team during their 2023 Farah Palmer Cup campaign. Her older sister, Sulu Fitzpatrick is a New Zealand netball international. The Fitzpatrick sisters both represented New Zealand at the 2022 Commonwealth Games. Two of Fitzpatrick's uncles, Olo Brown and Tana Umaga, were New Zealand rugby union internationals. References External links Black Ferns Profile 1995 births Living people New Zealand female rugby union players New Zealand women's international rugby union players New Zealand female rugby sevens players New Zealand women's international rugby sevens players New Zealand Māori rugby union players Rugby sevens players", "title": "Theresa Fitzpatrick" }, { "docid": "43928203", "text": "Fiona Hayes (born 13 September 1982) is an Irish former rugby union player. She was a member of the Ireland teams that won the 2013 and 2015 Women's Six Nations Championships, and that defeated New Zealand at the 2014 Women's Rugby World Cup. Hayes has also played association football at intervarsity and intermediate level. Early years and education Hayes was raised in Limerick, growing up in the Woodview area of the city, near Thomond Park. In her youth see played association football and Gaelic football and also boxed. Hayes studied for a Master's degree at the University of Limerick. Association football Hayes captained the University of Limerick team that won the 2005 WSCAI Intervarsities Cup. On 1 September 2013 she was also helped Douglas Hall win the WFAI Intermediate Cup. Rugby union UL Bohemians Hayes first started playing women's rugby union for UL Bohemians, at the age of 23, while studying for her Master's degree at the University of Limerick. In 2017 and 2018 Hayes captained UL Bohemians as they won successive All Ireland Division One titles. Munster Hayes has played for Munster in the IRFU Women's Interprovincial Series. She was first called up to the Munster squad in 2009. On 10 November 2017 Hayes also played for Munster against the Barbarians in the invitational team's first women's match. Ireland international Hayes made her debut for on 9 February 2013 when she came on as replacement in a 25–0 win against . This was also the first time Ireland had defeated England. Hayes was subsequently a member of the Ireland teams that won the 2013 and 2015 Women's Six Nations Championships. She also represented Ireland at the 2014 Women's Rugby World Cup and was a member of the Ireland team that defeated New Zealand. Personal life Hayes has worked as a youth worker in Cork. Honours Rugby union Ireland Women's Six Nations Championship Winners: 2013, 2015: 2 Grand Slam Winners: 2013 Triple Crown Winners: 2013, 2015 Munster IRFU Women's Interprovincial Series Winners: ? UL Bohemians All Ireland Division One Winners: 2017, 2018: 2 Association football Douglas Hall WFAI Intermediate Cup Winners: 2013: 1 University of Limerick WSCAI Intervarsities Cup Winners: 2005: 1 References 1982 births Living people Irish female rugby union players Ireland women's international rugby union players Rugby union players from County Limerick UL Bohemians R.F.C. players Munster Rugby women's players Irish rugby union coaches Republic of Ireland women's association footballers Association footballers from County Limerick Alumni of the University of Limerick Women's association football players not categorized by position", "title": "Fiona Hayes" }, { "docid": "43296244", "text": "Rebecca Clough (born 14 November 1988) is an Australian rugby union player. She represented Australia at three Rugby World Cups in 2010, 2014 and 2017. Early career Clough played netball, soccer, athletics, and swimming as a child. She first played rugby union at 18. Rugby career Clough made her test debut against Samoa in 2009. She was a member of the Australian side that finished in third place at the 2010 Rugby World Cup in England. She appeared for her side in their opening match against Wales. Clough was named Australian women's player of the year at the national rugby championships in 2010. She is known for her ferocious defence, hard hitting and strong leadership. She played for the Worcester Valkyries in the Premier 15s. Clough featured for Australia in their O'Reilly Cup test against New Zealand in 2014 ahead of the World Cup. She was named in 's 2014 Rugby World Cup squad, her second World Cup appearance. In 2015, she played club rugby for Cottesloe in Western Australia and for the Western Force in the Super W competition. In 2017, she returned from a knee reconstruction and competed in her third World Cup in Ireland. She came off the bench in their final pool game against Japan. She was sin-binned for a dangerous tackle in the Wallaroos final match against Canada in her sides fifth place playoff. On August 2018, she was named in the Australian side that faced the Black Ferns in their second double header match at Eden Park. During a Super W match in March 2019, between Queensland Reds and Rugby WA, she was bitten by Wallaroos teammate, Liz Patu, who was suspended for 12 weeks. In November 2019, she featured for the Barbarians team against Wales at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff. Clough returned to the Western Force side for the 2022 Super W season. References External links Wallaroos profile 1988 births Living people Australia women's international rugby union players Australian female rugby union players Sportswomen from New South Wales Rugby union locks Rugby union players from Sydney Barbarian F.C. Women players", "title": "Rebecca Clough" }, { "docid": "55945530", "text": "Raecene McGregor (born 23 October 1997) is a New Zealand rugby league footballer who plays for St George Illawarra Dragons, in the NRL Women's Premiership and the North Sydney Bears in the NSWRL Women's Premiership. Primarily a halfback she is a New Zealand international and has won three NRLW premierships, two with the Brisbane Broncos and one with the Sydney Roosters. Background McGregor was born in Sydney to New Zealand parents and attended Bass Hill High School. She represented Australia in rugby sevens at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics, winning a gold medal. She also represented New South Wales and Australia in soccer and touch rugby. She played for the Macquarie University Rays during the University Sevens competition. Playing career In 2016, McGregor played in the NSWRL Women's Premiership for the Greenacre Tigers. In 2017, she represented New Zealand at the 2017 Women's Rugby League World Cup. On 2 December 2017, she started at in New Zealand's final loss to Australia, scoring a try. In June 2018, McGregor joined the St George Illawarra Dragons ahead of the inaugural NRL Women's Premiership. In Round 1 of the 2018 NRL Women's season, she made her debut for the Dragons in their 4–30 loss to the Brisbane Broncos. In 2019, she joined the Brisbane Broncos Women. On 6 October 2019, she started at and scored a try in the Broncos' 30–6 Grand Final win over the Dragons. Later that month, she was a member of New Zealand's 2019 Rugby League World Cup 9s-winning squad. On 8 January 2020, she signed with the Wests Tigers for the 2020 NSWRL Women's Premiership season. On 22 February, McGregor represented the Māori All Stars in their 4–10 loss to the Indigenous All Stars. On 25 October 2020, McGregor won her second NRLW premiership with the Broncos, starting at in their 20–10 Grand Final win over the Sydney Roosters Women. On 1 November 2020, McGregor was named in the top 3 players in the world on the official NRL site. In late September 2022, McGregor was named as the winner of the 2022 NRLW Dally M Medal. McGregor was also named in the NRL'S NRLW Team of the Year and in the Dream Team announced by the Rugby League Players Association. The team was selected by the players, who each cast one vote for each position. McGregor also took out the RLPA's highest individual honour, the Players' Champion award. In October 2022 she was selected for the New Zealand squad at the delayed 2021 Women's Rugby League World Cup in England, alongside younger sister Page. In April 2023, McGregor signed a one year contract to return to the St George Illawarra Dragons. A few months later she was appointed as captain of the club. Raecene signed a two year extension with the Dragons in September 2023, keeping her with the club until the end of 2025. References External links Brisbane Broncos profile 1997 births Living people Australian female rugby league players Australian female rugby sevens players Australia international", "title": "Raecene McGregor" }, { "docid": "49599584", "text": "The qualification process for the 2017 Women's Rugby World Cup began on 14 February 2015. Twelve teams qualified for the tournament, which was held in Ireland in 2017. Qualification process Following the 2014 Women's Rugby World Cup, seven teams received an automatic qualification berth - these berths being given to the top seven teams (England, Canada, France, Ireland, New Zealand, the United States and Australia). The remaining five berths for the 2017 finals were awarded through regional tournaments. The non-automatic qualification process began on 14 February 2015. Regional qualification There are 12 nations participating in the 2017 Women's Rugby World Cup. Seven teams have automatically qualified by virtue of their performance at the prior Rugby World Cup, leaving five teams to qualify through regional matches. Regional Qualification began on 14 February 2015, during the second round of the 2015 Women's Six Nations Championship. Europe European Qualification England, France, and Ireland automatically qualified by virtue of their finishes in the 2014 tournament. In addition, there were three other places available for European countries. Round One The top two teams from the combined 2015 and 2016 Women's Six Nations Championship, Italy and Wales, qualified directly. The remaining team, Scotland, proceeded to Round Three. Round Two The top team from the 2016 Women's European Championship proceeded to Round Three. The tournament took place in Spain in October, 2016, with Spain being declared champions. Round Three Scotland and the winner of Round Two, Spain, played a home-and-away series to determine the final European qualifier. Spain won both games. Asia and Oceania Asian Qualification The top two teams of the 2016 Asia Rugby Women's Championship qualified to the Repechage. The ARWC was contested between Japan and Hong Kong, Kazakhstan withdrew from the tournament. Oceania Qualification New Zealand and Australia automatically qualified due to their finishes in the 2014 tournament. A third team, Fiji, defeated Papua New Guinea 37–10 in the Oceania qualifier to move on to the repechage. Repechage The two best-ranked teams from a final qualifying tournament featuring one team from Oceania and two teams from Asia. Sources External links . RWCWomens.com 2017 Women's Rugby World Cup 2016 in women's rugby union 2015 in women's rugby union", "title": "2017 Women's Rugby World Cup qualifying" }, { "docid": "55548332", "text": "Victoria Moreen Cornborough (born 3 March 1990) is an English rugby union player. She debuted for England in 2015. She was named in the 2017 Women's Rugby World Cup squad for England. She was awarded a full-time contract with England in 2019 and plays for Harlequins Women at club level. International career Cornborough first played for England in the U19s and U20s teams, winning the U20s Nations Cup in 2009 before making her international debut as part of the senior team in 2015. That year, she played nine of England's 10 test matches. In 2017 she was named to the England team for the 2017 Women's Rugby World Cup, in which she played every game including the final which England lost to New Zealand. Cornborough went on to play in the 2018 Six Nations and won three Quilter International matches the same year. In 2019 she was awarded a full time contract by the RFU and played in four of the six 2019 Women's Six Nations games: England won the tournament with a Grand Slam. An injury kept her from playing in the autumn matches of the 2019–2020 season, but she gained her 50th cap for England against France during the 2020 Six Nations. She was elected to the players' board of the Rugby Players Association (RPA) in 2017. She was named in the England squad for the delayed 2021 Rugby World Cup held in New Zealand in October and November 2022. Club career She began playing rugby as a child and played girls' rugby at clubs along the south coast, including Portsmouth, Havant, Petersfield and the Solent Sirens. She joined Richmond FC as a senior in 2008 and currently plays for Harlequins Women, joining in 2016. Early life Cornborough was born in Portsmouth and has two brothers and a sister. She learned rugby with her sister and older brother at Portsmouth RFC. She attended the University of Reading where she gained a BSc in psychology. Personal life Cornborough's husband, Will, also plays rugby for Havant RFC. The two first met at a Minis game when they were around 10 years old. Outside of rugby, Cornborough continues to work as an IT business development manager. References External links RFU Player Profile 1990 births Living people Alumni of the University of Reading England women's international rugby union players English female rugby union players Rugby union players from Portsmouth Harlequins Women rugby players Rugby union props", "title": "Vickii Cornborough" }, { "docid": "6835916", "text": "The Women's Rugby League World Cup is an international rugby league tournament, contested by the women's national team of the International Rugby League (IRL). The competition has been held since 2000 and was incorporated into the Festival of World Cups in 2008 until 2017 when it became a centrepiece event along with the men's competition. Under the current format, eight teams are separated into two groups of four with the top two in each group qualifying for the semi-finals. Throughout the six editions, the Women's Rugby League World Cup has been won by two teams. New Zealand has won three times while Australia has also won the title three times, including the most recent one (2021). History Background Women's Rugby League had been played in both Oceania and the United Kingdom for several years but it was not until 1985 in Britain and 1993 in Australia and New Zealand where female only organizations and governing bodies were established and while the Rugby Football League recognized the British women in 1985 it took another five years for the Australian Rugby League to officially recognize the Australian Women's Rugby League. New Zealand Women's Rugby League were officially recognized by the governing body New Zealand Rugby League Inc in 1995. This is partially the reason for no Women's World Cup being held until the year 2000 when these organizations collectively came together to organize it. Tournaments The 2000 World Cup was held in England. The final was contested between Great Britain and New Zealand with New Zealand being crowned champions by a score of 26–4. The 2003 World Cup was held in Albany, New Zealand and was contested by teams from Australia, Great Britain, Tokelau, Tonga, Cook Islands, Niue, Samoa, New Zealand Māori and New Zealand. New Zealand would eventually win the competition, beating New Zealand Maori by a score of 58–0. New Zealand went through the tournament unbeaten with only four points scored against them. The 2008 World Cup was held was held in Australia, with all matches at Sunshine Coast Stadium apart from the final, which was held at Lang Park in Brisbane. Teams from Australia, New Zealand, England, Samoa, Tonga, Pacific Islands, France and Russia participated in the tournament. This was the first tournament in which Great Britain didn't participate, their place being taken by England. It was also the first tournament to feature more than one team from Europe with France and Russia. To date, this is the only tournament that Russia has participated in. New Zealand won the 2008 World Cup defeating Australia 34–0 in the final. Up to this point, New Zealand had won all three world cups that had been held. The 2013 World Cup was held in England with all four venues being in the county of West Yorkshire. For the tournament, the number of teams was reduced from eight to just four with Australia, New Zealand, England and France taking part. France performed particularly poorly in the competition, conceding 202 points in their three", "title": "Women's Rugby League World Cup" }, { "docid": "13107350", "text": "The Ireland women's national rugby union team represents Ireland in international women's rugby union competitions such as the Women's Six Nations Championship and the Women's Rugby World Cup. They have also represented Ireland in the FIRA Women's European Championship. Ireland won the 2013 and 2015 Women's Six Nations Championships. In 2013 they also achieved both a Triple Crown and Grand Slam. They finished fourth in the 2014 Women's Rugby World Cup after defeating New Zealand in the pool stages. Ireland hosted the 2017 Women's Rugby World Cup. The team was originally organised by the Irish Women's Rugby Football Union. However, since 2009 it has been organised by the Irish Rugby Football Union History Early years The Irish Women's Rugby Football Union was established in 1991. Ireland made their international debut on 14 February 1993 with an away friendly against . This was also Scotland's first international. The match was played at Raeburn Place in front of a crowd of over 1,000. The Ireland team was coached by Alain Rolland while the Scotland coaches included Sandy Carmichael. Scotland won 10–0 with two tries from their captain, Sandra Colamartino. Ireland's first captain was Jill Henderson. A year later, on 13 February 1994, Ireland made their home international debut when a return match was played at Ravenhill. This time Scotland won 5–0. In 2001 the IWRFU became affiliated to the Irish Rugby Football Union, in 2008 it effectively merged with the IRFU and since 2009 the IRFU has managed the women's national team. Rugby World Cup Ireland have competed in every Women's Rugby World Cup since making their debut in the second tournament in 1994. They made their World Cup debut on 13 April 1994 with an 18–5 win against a Scottish Students XV. This was also Ireland's first competitive match in any competition. Ireland's best performance at a World Cup tournament came in 2014 when they finished fourth after defeating New Zealand and winning Pool B. After defeating the United States 23–17 in their opening pool game, Ireland faced New Zealand, the 2010 Women's Rugby World Cup winners in their second game. With tries from Heather O'Brien and Alison Miller and two conversions and a penalty from Niamh Briggs, Ireland defeated New Zealand 17–14. It was just the second match New Zealand had lost in a World Cup tournament. It was the first time the Ireland women had played New Zealand and they became only the second Irish team, after Munster in 1978, to defeat a New Zealand national rugby union team. The result has been described as \"one of the biggest upsets in the tournament's history\". Ireland subsequently qualified for the semi-finals with a 40–5 win against Kazakhstan. Ireland eventually finished fourth in the tournament after losing 18–25 to in the third place play-off. They failed to qualify for the 2022 Rugby World Cup, after ending in third place of the qualifying round of September 2021 in Italy. Six Nations Championship Ireland made their debut in the Women's Six Nations Championship,", "title": "Ireland women's national rugby union team" }, { "docid": "55045215", "text": "Toka Natua (born 22 November 1991) is a New Zealand rugby footballer. She has represented New Zealand in rugby union and the Cook Islands in rugby league. She plays for the Blues Women in the Super Rugby Aupiki competition. Rugby career 2015 Natua made her debut for the New Zealand women's national rugby union team, the Black Ferns, in 2015 against Canada. 2017 Natua scored a hat-trick and was also cited for foul play, in New Zealand's victory over England in the final of the 2017 Women's Rugby World Cup. She then represented the Cook Islands at the 2017 Women's Rugby League World Cup in Australia. 2019–20 In 2019, she was part of the Black Ferns team that won the Women's Rugby Super Series. In 2020, she was named in the Black Ferns squad that took on the New Zealand Barbarians in Waitakere. 2023 Natua joined the Blues Women for the 2023 Super Rugby Aupiki season. At the end of 2023, she will be joining her partner, Pita Gus Sowakula, and their one-year-old daughter in Clermont, France. She will be signing with the Clermont women’s side. Personal life Natua is of Cook island descent and was born in Tokoroa. She is a graphic designer. Honours Women's Rugby World Cup: winner 2017 References External links Black Ferns Profile 1991 births Living people Cook Islands women's national rugby league team players New Zealand female rugby league players New Zealand women's international rugby union players New Zealand female rugby union players New Zealand sportspeople of Cook Island descent Rugby league props", "title": "Toka Natua" }, { "docid": "52321440", "text": "The Cook Islands women's national rugby league team, also known as the Cook Islands Moana represents Cook Islands in Women's rugby league. The Cook Islands competed in the 2003 and 2017 Women's Rugby League World Cups. The Cook Islands have qualified for the 2021 Women's Rugby League World Cup which, after a delay due to the Covid-19 pandemic, is scheduled to be played in November 2022. The Cook Islands have prequalified for the 2025 Women's Rugby League World Cup. History Cook Islands women's teams participated in the mid 1990s Oceania Cup tournaments in New Zealand. After appearing in the 1996 Oceania Cup, there was a gap in participation by Moana teams for several years until a revival in 2002 ahead of the 2003 World Cup. Invitational games were played against Maori and Niue teams. The squad for 2003 tournament were selected from New Zealand clubs. Cook Islands first World Cup appearance was at the 2003 Women's Rugby League World Cup. After a loss by a large margin in their opening fixture against New Zealand, Cook Islands won their second game against Tokelau. Fresh off byes in the last round of the first phase, and first round of the second phase, the Cook Islands held Great Britain to a 20-all draw. Cook Islands qualified for the 2017 Women's Rugby League World Cup by default after Fiji, Samoa and Tonga withdrew from the Pacific qualifying tournament due to a lack of players. After losses by large margins to New Zealand and Australia, the Cook Islands team had an upset victory over England. Head to Head Records Note: Table last updated 7 October 2023. Share is the portion of \"For\" points compared to the sum of \"For\" and \"Against\" points. Current squad The Moana squad for the 2023 Pacific Championships was announced on 4 October 2023. Players selected from clubs outside the NRLW (shaded above) are: Results Full internationals Tour / Trial / Warm-Up Matches Nines Recent Full Internationals in detail England v. Cook Islands New Zealand v. Cook Islands Australia v. Cook Islands Past Squads 2017 Squad for the 2017 Women's Rugby League World Cup: Toka Natua (Tokoroa, NZ) Te Kura Ngata-Aerengamate (Counties-Manukau, NZ) Te Amohaere Ngat-Aerengamate (Counties-Manukau, NZ) Crystal George Tamarua (Auckland, NZ) Danielle Apaiana (Auckland, NZ) Stephanie Wilson (Sydney, Australia) Eliza Wilson (Auckland, NZ) Josina Singapu (Gold Coast, Australia) Karol Tanevesi (Sydney, Australia) Samaria Taia (Sydney, Australia) Natalee Tagavaitau (Auckland, NZ) Kaylen Ikitule (Auckland, NZ) Kiana Takairangi (Sydney, Australia) Chantelle Inangaro Schofield (Cook Islands) Beniamina Koiatu (Auckland, NZ) Inangaro Maraeara (Sydney, Australia) Manea Poa-Maoate (Wellington, NZ) Lydia Turua-Quedley (Melbourne, Australia) Ruahei Demant (Auckland, NZ) Cecelia Strickland (Perth, Australia) Urshla Kere (Brisbane, Australia) Kiritapu Demant (Auckland, NZ) Katelyn Arona (Christchurch, NZ) 2003 Squad for the 2003 Women's Rugby League World Cup: Charmaine Angareu (Mangere East) Deborah Apaina (Ponsonby) Marry-Anne Aukino (Papakura) Rangi Aukino (Randwick) Justine Cook (Ponsonby) Sarah Cook (Ponsonby) Debbie Dorman (Ponsonby) Michelle Driscoll (Richmond) Tracey Larkin (Ponsonby) Elizabeth Mani (Mt Wellington) Caroline Marsters (Mt Wellington) Kelly Marsters (Te Atatu)", "title": "Cook Islands women's national rugby league team" }, { "docid": "43259179", "text": "Hannah Porter (née Myers; b. 28 September 1979) is a former female rugby union player. She represented in fifteens and sevens rugby, and played for Auckland and Otago provincially. She was in the squad that won the 2002 and 2006 Rugby World Cups. Porter was a member of the first official New Zealand women's sevens team who competed in the 2000 Hong Kong Sevens. She later captained the Black Ferns sevens at the 2009 Rugby World Cup Sevens in Dubai. Porter was appointed as the Black Ferns manager at the 2010 Rugby World Cup. In 2017, She was later appointed as their campaign manager at the Rugby World Cup in Ireland. In September 2022, Porter was confirmed as the Head of Women’s High Performance at New Zealand Rugby. References External links Black Ferns Profile NZ Rugby Academy Profile 1979 births Living people New Zealand women's international rugby union players New Zealand female rugby union players New Zealand female rugby sevens players New Zealand women's international rugby sevens players", "title": "Hannah Porter" }, { "docid": "55945498", "text": "Brittany Breayley-Nati (née Breayley; born 7 February 1991) is an Australian rugby league footballer who plays for the Burleigh Bears in the QRL Women's Premiership, and Ormeau Shearers in the SEQW Holcim cup. Primarily a , she is a Queensland and Australian representative and played for the Brisbane Broncos and St George Illawarra Dragons in the NRL Women's Premiership. Background Born in Mackay, Queensland, Breayley-Nati is of Māori descent and began playing rugby league for the Mackay Magpies in 2008. Playing career In 2014, while playing for the North Ipswich Tigers, Breayley-Nati made her representative debuts for Australia and Queensland. In 2017, she won the Queensland Women's Representative Player of the Year at the QRL Major Competition Awards. On 2 December 2017, she started at hooker in Australia's 2017 Women's Rugby League World Cup final win over New Zealand. In June 2018, Breayley-Nati, along with Ali Brigginshaw, Heather Ballinger, Teuila Fotu-Moala and Caitlyn Moran, were named as the five marquee players for the Brisbane Broncos NRL Women's Premiership team. In September 2018, she was named Female Player of the Year at the 2018 Dally M awards. On 30 September 2018, she started at in the Broncos' 34–12 Grand Final win over the Sydney Roosters. In 2019, Breayley-Nati joined the St George Illawarra Dragons. On 6 October 2019, she started at hooker in the Dragons' 6–30 Grand Final loss to the Broncos. In February 2020, she was member of the Dragons' NRL Nines winning squad. Breayley sat out the 2020 NRL Women's season due to family and work commitments. On 13 November 2020, she started at in Queensland's 24–18 win over New South Wales at Sunshine Coast Stadium. Achievements and accolades Individual QRL Representative Player of the Year: 2016, 2017 Dally M Medal: 2018 Brisbane Broncos Player of the Year: 2018 Brisbane Broncos Best Forward: 2018 Team 2017 Women's Rugby League World Cup: Australia – Winners 2018 NRLW Grand Final: Brisbane Broncos – Winners References External links QRL profile 1991 births Living people Australia women's national rugby league team players Australian female rugby league players Australian people of Māori descent Brisbane Broncos (NRLW) players Gold Coast Titans (NRLW) players Queensland Rugby League State of Origin Women players Rugby league hookers Rugby league players from Mackay, Queensland St. George Illawarra Dragons (NRLW) players Sportswomen from Queensland", "title": "Brittany Breayley-Nati" }, { "docid": "43625818", "text": "Alexandra George Matthews (born 3 August 1993) is an English rugby union player. She made her debut for England in 2011 and was a member of the winning 2014 Women's Rugby World Cup squad. International career Matthews first played for England in 2011. In 2014 she was one of the youngest members of the England 2014 Women's Rugby World Cup squad, having played in the final versus Canada. Matthews had returned from a hip operation just two weeks pre-selection for the tournament to win a place on the team. She played for the England 7s team, going semi-professional in 2013 and full-time in 2014 while completing her degree. In 2014 she was part of the training squad for the 2016 Olympic Games but was forced to leave three months before the Games due to illness and injury. In 2017 she returned to England 15s as part of the 2017 Women's Rugby World Cup squad, playing in every game. England finished second in the tournament. Matthews was named Player of the Match for the side's game against the USA. She switched back to 7s again in 2018 to take Bronze at the 2018 Commonwealth Games and is currently on a hybrid contract between England's senior team and the Great Britain women's rugby 7s team that was meant to play at the 2020 Olympics, postponed due to COVID-19. Matthews was named RPA Women's Sevens Player of the Year in 2018. She played for England in the 2020 Women's Six Nations Championship, which the side won. She was named in the England squad for the delayed 2021 Rugby World Cup held in New Zealand in October and November 2022. Club career Matthews joined Worcester Warriors in 2020 after the funding for the Women's 7s GB team was cut earlier that year. She previously played for Richmond alongside her older sister, Fran Matthews. In 2014, Matthews won the Premiership and Cup with Richmond. Early life and education She started playing rugby aged three at Camberley RFC, where she played minis rugby until she had to stop playing with the boys' U12 team, although she continued to train with the boys' team for a further two years. Her sister Fran Matthews also plays both sevens and fifteens rugby for England. Matthews attended Kings International College secondary school and Hartpury College before completing a degree in Sports Psychology at Roehampton University alongside her rugby commitments. She worked as a part time carer between 2012 and 2015. During the 2020 pandemic lockdown she spent time travelling the UK in her campervan. References External links 1993 births Living people Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for England Commonwealth Games medallists in rugby sevens England women's international rugby union players English female rugby union players Olympic rugby sevens players for Great Britain Rugby sevens players at the 2018 Commonwealth Games Rugby sevens players at the 2020 Summer Olympics Rugby union players from Surrey England international women's rugby sevens players Medallists at the 2018 Commonwealth Games Sportspeople from Camberley Commonwealth Games rugby", "title": "Alex Matthews" }, { "docid": "73825148", "text": "Misaki Suzuki (born 9 April 1992) is a Japanese rugby union player. She plays for Japan internationally and at club level for Tokyo Sankyu Phoenix. She has competed for Japan at the 2017 and 2021 Rugby World Cup's. Early career Suzuki was born in the Kanagawa Prefecture and started playing rugby at 13 in her first year of junior high school. She graduated from Funabashi Municipal High School in the Chiba Prefecture in 2011 and entered Kanto Gakuin University. After graduating from Kanto Gakuin University in 2015, she joined NTT Facilities. Rugby career 2010–13 Suzuki was selected to represent Japan in rugby sevens at the 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou, China where they finished in fifth place; She also represented Japan in fifteens that same year. In 2012, she became the captain of Japan's 15-a-side women's national team. She was named in Japan's sevens squad for the 2013 Rugby World Cup Sevens in Moscow, Russia. 2017–18 Suzuki was part of the Japanese squad that won the 2017 Asia Rugby Women's Championship, she played in the second test against Hong Kong. She was then selected in the side for the 2017 Rugby World Cup in Ireland. In 2018, she played for Auckland in the Farah Palmer Cup. 2022 Suzuki was named in the Sakura fifteens team to tour Australia in April. She came off the bench in the match against Australia, her side stunned the Wallaroos 12–10. She then captained the Sakura's five days later against an Australian Barbarians side, and scored the match winning try to help her team win 24–10. Japan hosted South Africa and Ireland in July and August. Suzuki was named on the bench in both games against the Springbok women. In August, she started at blind-side Flanker in the first of two tests against Ireland, her side went down 22–57. Suzuki was selected to represent Japan at the delayed Rugby World Cup in New Zealand. She came off the bench in her sole World Cup appearance in the Sakura's opening match against Canada, she played at Prop. References 1992 births Japanese rugby union players Japan women's international rugby union players Japanese female rugby union players Living people Rugby union players at the 2010 Asian Games Rugby union players from Kanagawa Prefecture", "title": "Misaki Suzuki" }, { "docid": "65551691", "text": "Sarina Clark (born Sarina Fiso; 11 November 1981) is a New Zealand rugby league footballer who played for the New Zealand Warriors in the NRL Women's Premiership. Primarily a , she is a former New Zealand representative captain. Playing career Of Māori and Samoan descent, Clark first represented New Zealand in 2006 while playing for the Manurewa Marlins. In 2008, she was a member of New Zealand's World Cup-winning side. In 2010, she was named the NZRL Women's Player of the Year. She won the award for a second time in 2016. In 2013, Clark represented New Zealand at the 2013 Women's Rugby League World Cup, starting at in their final loss to Australia. In 2017, Clark missed out on playing in her third World Cup due to pregnancy. On 13 September 2017, she was named the RLPA New Zealand Women's Player of the Year. On 1 August 2018, Clark was named in the inaugural New Zealand Warriors NRL Women's Premiership squad. She played three game at in the 2018 NRL Women's season, scoring a try in the Warriors' 10–22 loss to the St George Illawarra Dragons. On 21 January 2020, she was named on the wing in NRL.com's Women's Team of the Decade. On 22 February 2020, she started at for the Māori All Stars in their 4–10 loss to the Indigenous All Stars. References External links NRL profile 1981 births Living people New Zealand Māori rugby league players New Zealand female rugby league players New Zealand women's national rugby league team players New Zealand sportspeople of Samoan descent Rugby league fullbacks Rugby league centres New Zealand Warriors (NRLW) players", "title": "Sarina Clark" }, { "docid": "43203928", "text": "Linda Itunu (born 21 November 1984) is a New Zealand rugby union player. She plays for the Black Ferns, New Zealand women's sevens and Auckland. Itunu attended Kelston Girls' College in Auckland. She was a member of three successful Rugby World Cup campaigns in 2006, 2010 and 2017. She was also part of the 2013 Rugby World Cup Sevens Squad that won gold. She had won silver at the previous Sevens World Cup in Dubai. Itunu was named in the squad to the 2014 Rugby World Cup in France. In 2015 she was included in the Black Ferns squad alongside her sister Aldora Itunu to play in the 2015 Women's Rugby Super Series in Canada. After Retiring in 2018 from international rugby Itunu captained the Barbarians Women's team in 2019 for matches in Denver, Colorado against USA and England Rose in London, England. References External links Linda Itunu at Black Ferns 1984 births Living people New Zealand expatriate rugby union players in England New Zealand women's international rugby union players New Zealand female rugby union players New Zealand female rugby sevens players New Zealand women's international rugby sevens players Rugby union flankers Auckland rugby union players People educated at Kelston Girls' College Barbarian F.C. Women players", "title": "Linda Itunu" } ]	[ { "docid": "52922736", "text": "The 2017 Rugby Africa season contains a series of rugby union tournaments scheduled for 2017 and organised by the governing body of rugby union in Africa, Rugby Africa. The top-tier event is the Rugby Africa Gold Cup – formerly simply known as the Africa Cup – a six-team competition which was played on a round-robin basis from June to August 2017. Competitions As in previous Africa Cup seasons, all participating teams were divided into multiple tiers. For 2017, a restructuring and subsequent rebranding occurred as follows: Gold Cup: the tier 1 event. The four teams from 2016's Division 1A – , , and – were joined by the two pool winners from Division 1B, and . This competition was played on a round-robin basis from 24 June to 5 August 2017. Silver Cup: the tier 2 event. The three highest-ranked non-finalists from Division 1B – , and – were joined by Division 1C champions for a tournament that was held between 5 and 8 July 2017. Bronze Cup: the tier 3 event. The Bronze Cup consisted of six teams, divided into a Group North and a Group South. The northern group took place from 17 to 26 March and contained from 2016's Division 1C and and , both returning after not competing in the competition in 2016. The southern group took place from 24 March to 2 April and was made up of , relegated from Division 1B, from Division 1C and , who recently attained full membership of World Rugby. Regional Challenge: the lowest tier of African rugby. The remaining twelve teams were divided into four groups of three teams; the Group West 1 tournament containing , and was played from 30 April to 6 May, the Group West 2 tournament containing , and was played from 21 to 27 May, the Group Centre tournament containing , and was played from 1 to 7 October, and the Group South tournament containing , and was played from 15 to 22 October. In addition to the main fifteens tournaments, an Under-20 competition featuring eight teams was held in April and a rugby sevens tournament involving twelve teams was held in November. A women's rugby sevens tournament is also to be scheduled. Teams The following teams will take part in the 2017 Rugby Africa season. Rankings are taken from the start of each division Gold Cup The 2017 Gold Cup doubles as qualification for the 2019 Rugby World Cup. The last place team will be relegated to the 2018 Silver Cup and eliminated from World Cup qualification. Standings The final standings in the 2017 Rugby Africa Gold Cup were: Matches The following matches were played in the 2017 Rugby Africa Gold Cup: Round one Round two Round three Round four Round five Round six Round seven Silver Cup The 2017 Silver Cup doubles as qualification for the 2019 Rugby World Cup. Winner gets promoted to the 2018 Gold Cup, while all other teams will be eliminated from World Cup qualification. Bracket Matches", "title": "2017 Rugby Africa season" }, { "docid": "56135773", "text": "The 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup final was an association football match which determined the winner of the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup. It was the eighth final of the FIFA Women's World Cup, a quadrennial tournament contested by the women's national teams of the member associations of FIFA. The match was played on 7 July 2019 at the Parc Olympique Lyonnais in Décines-Charpieu, a suburb of Lyon, France. The final was contested by the United States, the defending champion, and the Netherlands, in their first final. The United States won 2–0, earning their second consecutive and fourth overall Women's World Cup title, with second-half goals scored by co-captain Megan Rapinoe (from the penalty spot) and Rose Lavelle. With their victory, the U.S. joined Germany as the second team to win consecutive titles. The team's coach, Jill Ellis, became the first manager to win two Women's World Cup titles, and also the first in 81 years since Vittorio Pozzo achieved this result in the 1934 and 1938 FIFA World Cups with Italy men's team. Each finalist was the reigning champion of their own respective confederation, with the U.S. having won the 2018 CONCACAF Women's Championship and the Netherlands having won UEFA Women's Euro 2017. Venue The final was held at the Parc Olympique Lyonnais in Décines-Charpieu, a suburb of Lyon. During the tournament, the stadium was referred to as the Stade de Lyon by FIFA. The venue has a seating capacity of 57,900, and hosted both semi-final matches. The stadium was announced as the final venue when France was confirmed as host on 19 March 2015, with the stadium officially confirmed to host the semi-finals and final in September 2017. The stadium is home venue of Ligue 1 club Lyon, opening in January 2016 to replace their previous stadium, the Stade de Gerland. It has also hosted several UEFA Women's Champions League matches for the club's women's side, which is the most successful in European history. In 2008, the project for the new stadium was agreed upon by the government and commune of Décines. Stadium construction started in mid 2013, and finished in late 2015 at a cost of €450 million. The stadium was chosen as a venue for UEFA Euro 2016, where it hosted six matches. The stadium also hosted the 2017 Coupe de la Ligue Final and 2018 UEFA Europa League Final. Outside of football, the Parc Olympique Lyonnais has hosted several musical performances, as well as ice hockey and rugby union matches, including the Rugby Champions Cup and Rugby Challenge Cup finals of 2016. The stadium is planned to host matches for the 2023 Rugby World Cup and the men and women's football tournaments at the 2024 Summer Olympics. Background For the first time since 2007, and fifth time overall (along with 1991, 1995 and 2003), the final featured a European team, as the continent took seven of the eight places in the quarter-finals. The previous two finals were contested by Japan and the United States. The", "title": "2019 FIFA Women's World Cup final" }, { "docid": "36707216", "text": "Jason Stanton is a rugby league/union coach who coached the Australian women's rugby sevens team to victory in the inaugural women's tournament of the 2009 Rugby World Cup Sevens. He established the Cronulla Sharks Skills Academy and their first Women's NRL team Stanton was the Assistant Coach of the NZ KiwiFerns for the 2017 Women's Rugby League World Cup. He previously has served as a skills coach to the Queensland Reds in 2009 and to the South African Men's Springboks 7's from 2008 to 2011. He also was a consultant coach for the Stormers Rugby Union (Super XV Rugby). As a player, Stanton represented Lebanon in the 2000 Rugby League World Cup as well as in the national sevens team in 2006. Early years Stanton attended St Patrick's College, Strathfield graduating in 1993. He represented the college in First XI Cricket and First XV Rugby. In 1993 he was selected as Fly half in the NSW ISA First XV Rugby team. Stanton played junior representative Rugby League for Canterbury (u/17s), Balmain (u19s) and Easts (u/19s, u/21s, Reserve Grade). Playing career Stanton played rugby league for Lebanon at the 2000 World Cup. Stanton played for Lebanon rugby league sevens in 2006. Lebanon won the Orara Valley 7's beating Fiji in the final. Stanton was awarded runner up player of the tournament. Coaching career In 2009, Stanton coached the Australian women's rugby sevens team to victory in the 2009 Rugby World Cup Sevens' inaugural women's tournament. He served as a skills coach to the Queensland Reds in 2009. Stanton served as a consultant coach to the South African rugby sevens team from 2008 to 2011 touring with the team in 2010 & 2011. Stanton established the Cronulla Sharks NRL Women's program and was Head Coach of the Women's team (NRL). He is also a consultant for Stormers rugby union side (Super XV Rugby). Stanton recently served as Assistant Coach for the NZ Kiwi Ferns in the 2017 Women's Rugby League World Cup. References Living people Australian rugby league players Lebanon national rugby league team players 1975 births Touch footballers Rugby league five-eighths Australian rugby union coaches Place of birth missing (living people)", "title": "Jason Stanton" }, { "docid": "69005741", "text": "Jodie Cunningham (born 5 December 1991) is an English rugby league footballer who plays as a or at international level for England and domestically for St Helens in the Women's Super League. Cunningham started paying rugby while a pupil at Cardinal Newman Catholic High School, Warrington and was selected to play for England while still in the sixth-form and playing for Warrington Ladies RC. In 2011, Cunningham was in the Warrington team that won the Championship Final of the Women's Rugby League Conference. While a student at Leeds University, Cunningham played in the 2013 Women's Rugby League World Cup and joined Thatto Heath Crusaders and was a member of the team that won the Challenge Cup in four successive seasons from 2013 to 2016. Cunningham was vice-captain of the England team in the 2017 Women's Rugby League World Cup and in March 2018 Cunningham became a member of the newly-formed St Helens women's team, though she missed most of the 2018 season due to rehabilitation after surgery on an anterior cruciate ligament injury suffered during the 2017 season. For the 2019 season, Cunningham was appointed co-captain of the St Helens side alongside Tara Jones With the 2020 season cancelled, 2021 saw Cunningham appointed captain of the team and she led the side to the first treble since the creation of the Women's Super League. Cunningham was also named 2021 Woman of Steel. Cunningham worked as community engagement lead for the organisers of the 2021 Rugby League World Cup as well as being an ambassador for the women's tournament. Cunningham was appointed as the RFL's National Women’s and Girls’ Development Manager in November 2021. In January 2024 she left that post to take up a new post with St Helens as head of women’s pathways and performance. 2022 saw St Helens retain the Challenge Cup with Cunningham scoring a try in the final against Leeds Rhinos. In the Super League Cunningham captained St Helens to second place in the league but the team were unable to repeat their 2021 successes losing in the play-off semi-final to eventual Grand Final winners Leeds. In April 2023, Cunningham was named as captain of the England team, succeeding St Helens teammate Emily Rudge. References 1991 births Living people Alumni of the University of Leeds England women's national rugby league team captains England women's national rugby league team players English female rugby league players Rugby league fullbacks Rugby league locks Rugby league players from Warrington St Helens R.F.C. captains St Helens Women RLFC players", "title": "Jodie Cunningham" }, { "docid": "76125157", "text": "The 2017 Sudamérica Women's World Cup Sevens Qualifier served as the regional qualifier for South America to the 2018 Rugby World Cup Sevens in San Francisco. The event was played as a round-robin tournament and was held at Carrasco Polo Club in Montevideo, Uruguay on November 10 and 11. Brazil won the tournament, thus qualifying for the World Cup Sevens. Tournament Standings Matches All matches in Uruguay Standard Time (UTC−03:00). References 2017 in women's rugby union 2017 rugby sevens competitions Rugby sevens competitions in South America 2017 in South American rugby union November 2017 sports events in South America", "title": "2017 Sudamérica Women's Rugby World Cup Sevens Qualifier" }, { "docid": "43419595", "text": "Gary Street is an English rugby union coach. He coached the England women's national team from 2007, and left his role after England won the Women's Rugby World Cup in 2014. Career Playing career Street played as a scrum-half for Aston Old Edwardians, Greater Birmingham (over a 20-year period) and North Midlands. Coaching career Street, alongside Nigel Redman, were the pilot coaches for the RFU Academy programme designed by David Shaw in 2000. 8 of the 15 players became full internationals and 5 became World Cup Winners 14 years later. He was an assistant coach to Geoff Richards in 2006. winning his first Six Nations Grand Slam, before taking over as head coach a year later. He coached them to the final of the 2010 Women's Rugby World Cup losing to the Black Ferns in the final. Under his tutelage they won five Six Nations's in a row, 4 Nations Cup and 4 European Cups. England Women won the 2014 women's World Cup 21-9 against Canada. The assistant coaches were Graham Smith and Simon Middleton. He is currently the most successful English rugby coach in history. Gary was UK overall and High Performance coach of the year 2014. He was awarded Pride of Sport coach of the year and nominated in BBC SPOTY coach of the year. England women's team were awarded Team of the Year. The squad and staff were given Freedom of the Borough of Rugby. He was Head Coach at Oxford University Women's rugby team with their first ever Twickenham varsity in December 2015 and is now also working for Harlequins RFC . In December 2016, Oxford beat Cambridge 3-0 in the Varsity game at Twickenham and became a Head Coach winner in both Dark Blue and Light Blue, having led Cambridge to victory in 2001. In 2016/2017, Gary became joint Head Coach with Karen Findlay for Aylesford Bulls Ladies. In their first season they completed the Premiership and Cup double. For the season 2017/2018 they are playing under the Harlequins banner in the inaugural Tyrrells Women's Premier 15s. Incorporated into his role is Academy Coach Development Officer for Harlequins working with coaches in the developing player programme. References 6.http://www.thevarsitymatch.com/news/emotional-street-reflects-dark-blue-victory/ 7.http://www.quins.co.uk/news/harlequins-ladies-history-in-the-making 8.https://www.standard.co.uk/sport/rugby/harlequins-ladies-offered-place-in-the-newly-formed-women-s-super-rugby-competition-a3478471.html External links RFU Profile 1967 births Living people English rugby union coaches English rugby union players Coaches of international rugby union teams Rugby union players from Birmingham, West Midlands", "title": "Gary Street" }, { "docid": "68731323", "text": "Eve Higgins (born 23 June 1999) is an Irish rugby player from Lucan, Dublin. She plays for Railway Union, Leinster rugby, the Ireland women's national rugby Sevens team and the Ireland women's national rugby union team. She is a student at University College Dublin. Club career Higgins, whose family lived in Lucan before moving to Kilcock, started playing rugby in her local club Barnhall RFC in Leixlip which also produced Irish international Trevor Brennan. She played with boys’ teams up to Under-13 level. With no girls team in the club at the time her father emailed clubs around Dublin, leading her to join All-Ireland league side Railway Union. International career Higgins first starred for Ireland as a play maker in Sevens rugby. In 2018, before her 19th birthday, she won her first senior cap with Ireland women's national rugby Sevens team at the Dubai 7s just two months after being on the U18 side that won the UK School Games. She played in 23 of Ireland's 27 games in the 2017–2018 World Rugby Women's Sevens Series and was among the nominees for its 'Rookie of the Year' award. She was also a key player when Ireland had their best ever placing (sixth) at the 2018 Rugby Sevens World Cup, scoring their only try in the fifth/sixth-place playoff against Spain. In the summer of 2018 Higgins did a two-month development placement with Bond University in Australia, playing in the Aon University Sevens. In 2019 she was a member of the Ireland team who finished fourth at the Sydney 7s, their highest placing in a World Sevens Series tournament. She was selected on that tournament's 'Dream Team'. In 2017, before she had sat her Leaving Cert, she was named in Ireland's extended XV squad for the 2017 Women's Rugby World Cup but didn't make the final cut. Higgins made her debut for the Ireland women's rugby union team (XVs) in the 2021 Women's Six Nations, starting at centre against Wales and France. Personal life Higgins studied history and sociology in University College Dublin. References External links 1999 births Living people Irish female rugby union players Ireland international women's rugby sevens players Irish rugby sevens players Rugby union scrum-halves People from Kilcock Rugby union players from County Kildare Rugby union centres", "title": "Eve Higgins" }, { "docid": "54324249", "text": "The 2017 Rugby Europe Women's Sevens Grand Prix Series was the top level of international women's rugby sevens competitions organised by Rugby Europe during 2017. The series featured two tournaments, one hosted in Malemort and one hosted in Kazan. Russia won both tournaments and finished as overall champions. Ireland finished third in both tournaments and finished as the series runners–up. The series also served as a 2018 Rugby World Cup Sevens qualifier and Ireland qualified for the World Cup based on their performances in the series. Sweden and the Netherlands were relegated to the 2018 Trophy series. Malemort Pool stages Pool A Pool B Pool C Knockout stage Challenge Trophy 5th Place Cup Kazan Pool stages Pool A Pool B Pool C Knockout stage Challenge Trophy 5th Place Cup Final standings See also 2017 Rugby Europe Men's Sevens Championships 2018 Rugby World Cup Sevens qualifying – Women References 2016 Sevens Sevens 2017 rugby sevens competitions International women's rugby union competitions hosted by France International women's rugby union competitions hosted by Russia 2017 in French women's sport 2017 in Russian women's sport 2017 in Russian rugby union 2017–18 in French rugby union 2016–17 in French rugby union", "title": "2017 Rugby Europe Women's Sevens Grand Prix Series" }, { "docid": "27328542", "text": "Homeboyz Rugby Football Club is a rugby union club based in Nairobi, Kenya, that competes in the Kenya Cup, Eric Shirley Shield, Enterprise Cup and Mwamba Cup. Formed in 2009, Homeboyz also has a women's team that competes in the Kenya Rugby Football Union women's league every year. Both the men's and women's teams also compete in the Kenya National Sevens Circuit that happens annually. Their main home ground is Jamhuri Park. History Foundation and early years Homeboyz was officially founded in 2009. This was a result of the perceived need in the market to accommodate the younger players who felt that they were not being given enough opportunities to play competitive rugby. As a start-up team in 2009, Homeboyz RFC was initially placed in the lower-tier Eric Shirley Shield. After winning the Eric Shirley Shield two seasons in a row, they earned their promotion to Kenya Cup. The women's team was formed in 2016 after Homeboyz decided to give women a platform to showcase their talent. The women's game is still relatively young but has made great strides in the past years. The team has been consistent in the Kenya Rugby Football Union women's league and produced five women who represented the country in the 2016 Summer Olympics. Tours Against Uganda Select Homeboyz first toured Uganda in 2018 having won the Enterprise Cup to face a Ugandan Select side as an initiative to promote rugby in the region. They won the match 18 - 10 with Bush Mwale and Roy Wesonga scoring a try each and Kelvin Masai kicking over two penalties and a conversion. Dubai 7s Homeboyz first toured Dubai in 2010 to play in the Dubai 7's Men's Invitational Tournament. This was after taking part in three of the five legs of the National Sevens Circuit and winning over many fans. In 2018, Homeboyz won three legs of the National Sevens Circuit which saw them crowned 7's champions that season. This was rewarded by a trip to the Dubai 7's Men's Invitational Tournament once again where the side narrowly lost to the Emerging Boks. Club success (2009–2019) In 2009, Homeboyz had a stint in the National Sevens Circuit playing in three of the five tournaments of the circuit. Homeboyz RFC played the Prinsloo Sevens (Nakuru), Driftwoods Sevens (Mombasa) and in the Kabeberi Sevens (Nairobi) where they won their first trophy in the shield category. In 2010, Homeboyz Rugby participated in their first 15's fixture playing in the Eric Shirley Shield, which they won in their inaugural year. Homeboyz were crowned champions after a win against Kisumu RFC at the University of Nairobi grounds. They were not promoted to play in the Kenya Cup due to some technicalities. In 2011, the team went ahead and defended the Eric Shirley Shield trophy to secure a chance to play in the highest league in the country, Kenya Cup. The same year also saw Homeboyz win the Mwamba Cup. In 2013, Homeboyz Rugby finished 4th in the National Sevens Circuit winning", "title": "Homeboyz RFC" }, { "docid": "59771272", "text": "Colette McAuley (born May 11, 1973) is a former Canadian rugby union player with 21 caps, including the 2002 Women's Rugby World Cup, during a ten-year career with Rugby Canada. Rugby career At the University of Guelph, McAuley played fullback for the Guelph Gryphons. She was also a member of the Ontario provincial team from 1994 to 2007 and was team captain in 2005. McAuley's first international cap was at a Can-Am test match in Saranac Lake, N.Y. on the 6th of August 2000 under Coach Ric Suggitt. She would spend ten years with the program including participation at the 2002 Women's Rugby World Cup. McAuley played in the 2011, 2003, and 2005 Canada Cups. For two years, McAuley also represented Canada at international sevens tournaments in Hong Kong, Dubai, and Los Angeles; including winning tournaments in San Diego and Toronto Coaching and community After retiring from her international career, McAuley spent a decade as an assistant coach for the Guelph Gryphons before becoming the head coach in 2006. Under her supervision as head coach, the program won eight OUA championships and a national title in 2011. She runs an athlete-centered program which focuses on technique as much as the psyche of her players. Her ability to develop and spot talent earned her the title of Pathway Coach to National 15's and 7's programs for the past decade including representation as Maple Leafs 7s Assistant Coach at the invitational Las Vegas sevens tournament in 2017. McAuley has also been a member on the Rugby Canada Board of Directors, Past-President of the Canadian Rugby Foundation, and the Monty Heald National Women's Fund committee member. Colette McAuley award The Rugby Canada Foundation honoured McAuley's contribution to the sport by founding an award in her name in 2009. The recipient represents the true spirit of the game and gives back to sport of rugby. As of 2011, the award holder received a $1000 cheque from the Colette McAuley Fund. Recipients: 2009, Marlene Donaldson 2010, Julie Foster 2011, Julia Sugawara 2012, Meaghan Howat 2013, Maria Samson Honours and awards References Living people Canadian female rugby union players Canada women's international rugby union players 1973 births Rugby union players from Ontario", "title": "Colette McAuley" }, { "docid": "36472366", "text": "The Ireland women's national rugby sevens team participates in international competitions such as the World Rugby Women's Sevens Series, the Rugby World Cup Sevens, the Rugby Europe Women's Sevens and Rugby sevens at the Summer Olympics. Unlike the Ireland women's national rugby union team, the sevens team is a professional team with players contracted to the Irish Rugby Football Union. World Rugby Women's Sevens Series Ireland first competed in the World Rugby Women's Sevens Series as an invited team in 2012–13. They entered the 2013 China Women's Sevens and won the Plate competition. After finishing as quarter-finalists in the 2013 Rugby World Cup Sevens, Ireland qualified to be a core team for 2013–14. Ireland did not participate in 2014–15 but returned as a core team in 2015–16 after finishing as runners up to Japan in a qualifying tournament hosted at UCD Bowl in August 2015. Ireland remained as a core team for 2016–17 and 2017–18. Ireland have never won a Cup at any of the Series tournaments but they have won Challenge Trophies, Plates and Bowls. Ireland's best performance in the Series came in 2016–17 when they finished ninth overall and gained their first ever wins against Fiji, England and France. In April 2017 Sene Naoupu scored three tries as Ireland won the Challenge Trophy at the 2017 Japan Women's Sevens, defeating Spain 26–7 in the final. In 2016 and 2017 they also won two successive Challenge Trophies at the Dubai Women's Sevens. Season by season Tournaments Rugby World Cup Sevens Ireland made their Rugby World Cup Sevens debut at the 2013 tournament. They qualified after finishing sixth in the 2012 Sevens Women Grand Prix Series. The team was captained by Claire Molloy and they reached the quarter-finals, finishing seventh overall. The Ireland women's sevens team and the Ireland women's national rugby union team has often used the same set of players. For example, the 2018 Women's Six Nations Championship squad included nine rugby sevens internationals. This has occasionally led to conflicts of interest. In February 2017 Sene Naoupu, Alison Miller and Hannah Tyrrell were controversially withdrawn from Ireland's 2017 Women's Six Nations Championship squad in order to represent the Ireland Sevens in the 2017 USA Women's Sevens. The reasoning behind this decision was that the Ireland Sevens were chasing a top eight finish in the 2016–17 World Rugby Women's Sevens Series in order to qualify for the 2018 Rugby World Cup Sevens. Ireland eventually finished ninth in the Series but subsequently qualified for the World Cup after finishing third in the 2017 Rugby Europe Women's Sevens Grand Prix Series. Rugby Europe Women's Sevens Ireland first competed in the Rugby Europe Women's Sevens in 2006. Their best performances in the tournament were in 2016 and 2017 when they finished third on both occasions. Olympics In their attempt to qualify for the 2016 Summer Olympics, Ireland competed in a series of qualifying tournaments including the 2015 Rugby Europe Women's Sevens Championships, the 2015 Rugby Europe Women's Sevens Olympic Repechage Tournament and", "title": "Ireland women's national rugby sevens team" }, { "docid": "56942502", "text": "The 2017–18 United States national rugby sevens team season included both the 2017–18 World Rugby Sevens Series and the 2018 Rugby World Cup Sevens. The season began badly. In the first tournament of the 2017–18 World Rugby Sevens Series in Dubai, 2017 World Rugby Player of the Year Perry Baker suffered a concussion, and the United States team limped to a last place finish. The U.S. improved from that point on, reaching the semifinals of the Australia Sevens. The team then won the 2018 USA Sevens, the first time the U.S. won their home tournament, boosted in large part by Perry Baker, who led all scorers with 8 tries. Baker, along with forwards Ben Pinkelman and Danny Barrett all made the tournament Dream Team. Overall the team displayed inconsistent performances, reaching the Cup semifinals three times, but also failing to qualify for the cup quarterfinals three times. Despite the inconsistent play, the U.S. finished sixth overall. 2017–18 World Sevens Series Player statistics The following table shows the leading players for the U.S. after the 2017–18 Sevens Series season. Among all World Series, players, Isles ranked first in tries scored with 49, and Baker ranked fifth with 37. Ben Pinkelman ranked fourth in tackles with 124 and fourth in matches played with 58. Source: World Rugby website. 2018 USA Sevens The United States won the tournament by beating Argentina 28–0 in the final. This was the first time that the United States won its home tournament. USA's Perry Baker led the tournament with 8 tries and 11 breaks. Baker, Pinkelman, and Barrett were all named to the seven-man tournament Dream Team. Substitutes: Carlin Isles, Malon Aljiboori Unavailable due to injury: Madison Hughes, Stephen Tomasin, Maka Unufe With the U.S. finishing out the game with a lineup that included Isles (wing), Baker (center), Williams (fly-half) and Aljiboori (forward), it is believed that this is the first time the U.S. has fielded a team where the majority of players are African-American. 2018 Rugby World Cup Sevens Round of 16 Quarterfinals 5th place semi-finals 5th place final Head coach: Mike Friday See also 2018 Rugby World Cup Sevens – Women's tournament References 2017–18 United States 2018 in American rugby union 2017 in American rugby union", "title": "2017–18 United States national rugby sevens team season" }, { "docid": "55155495", "text": "The 2017 Women's Africa Cup Sevens was a women's rugby sevens tournament held in Monastir, Tunisia on 16–17 September 2017. This tournament served as a qualifier for two tournaments, only the winner qualifies for next years 2018 Rugby World Cup Sevens, whereas the top two teams qualify for the 2018 Commonwealth Games which will also be held the following year. South Africa won the tournament and qualified for the Sevens World Cup and the Commonwealth Games, runner-up, Kenya, qualified for the latter. Teams Eight teams competed in the tournament. Pool stage Pool A Source: Pool B Knockout stage Cup Fifth Place Standings See also 2018 Rugby World Cup Sevens qualifying – Women Rugby sevens at the 2018 Commonwealth Games 2017 Africa Cup Sevens (Men) References 2017 2017 rugby sevens competitions 2017 in African rugby union rugby union International rugby union competitions hosted by Tunisia 2017 in women's rugby union", "title": "2017 Women's Africa Cup Sevens" }, { "docid": "71652007", "text": "The England women's national rugby union team have played 44 matches at the Women's Rugby World Cup tournaments from 1991 to 2017. They have won two tournaments in 1994 and 2014. They were runners-up in 1991, 2002, 2006, 2010, 2017 and 2021. They have been in every final at the tournament except for 1998 where they placed third. England hosted the 2010 Women's Rugby World Cup. By position 1991 Rugby World Cup Knockout stage 1994 Rugby World Cup Knockout stage 1998 Rugby World Cup Knockout stage 2002 Rugby World Cup Knockout stage 2006 Rugby World Cup Pool B ⇔ Pool C Knockout stage 2010 Rugby World Cup Knockout stage 2014 Rugby World Cup Knockout stage 2017 Rugby World Cup Knockout stage Overall record Overall record against all nations in the World Cup: References External links Official site of the Rugby World Cup. Official site of World Rugby. World Cup", "title": "England women at the Rugby World Cup" }, { "docid": "35201014", "text": "The Australia women's national rugby sevens team, are the Australia national rugby sevens team of women. They were champions of the inaugural Women's Sevens World Cup in 2009. The team plays in the World Rugby Women's Sevens Series as one of the \"core teams\" on the world tour, of which they have been crowned Champions three times. The team also played in the preceding competition to the current world series, the IRB Women's Sevens Challenge Cup. In 2016, they won the inaugural gold medal at the Rio Summer Olympics. History Team name The national sevens side is known as Australia and, as confirmed by captain Sharni Williams, does not have a nickname as of 2015. The team was sometimes referred to as the Pearls in sections of the media, but that name refers to Australia's developmental sevens side rather than the official national team. As of 2015, the developmental team also competes in the Pacific Games Sevens. 2022 Australia won the 2021–22 Women's Sevens Series title, they then won the Commonwealth Games in Birmingham, and were later crowned champions of the Rugby World Cup Sevens completing 2022 with a historic clean sweep of every major tournament. Honours Australia has won the following: World Rugby Sevens Series Champion: 2016, 2018, 2022 Runner-up: 2014, 2017, 2020 World Cup Sevens Champion: 2009, 2022 Rugby sevens at the Summer Olympics Gold medal: 2016 Rugby sevens at the Commonwealth Games Gold medal: 2022 Silver medal: 2018 Major tournament wins Australia Sevens: 2018 Brazil Sevens: 2014, 2016 Canada Sevens: 2022 Dubai Sevens: 2013, 2015, 2017, 2021I, 2021II, 2022, 2023 Hong Kong Sevens: 2009 London Sevens: 2016 Spain Sevens: 2022II United States Sevens: 2016 Regional tournament wins Oceania Sevens: 2008, 2013, 2016, 2018, 2019 Asia-Pacific Championship: 2012 In 2016 the Australian women's sevens team was named Team of the Year at the Australian Institute of Sport Performance Awards. Tournament record A red box around the year indicates tournaments played within Australia World Cup Sevens Commonwealth Games Pacific Games Olympic Games Oceania Women's Sevens Notes: Australia VII or development team entered World Series record Players Current squad Squad named for the 2023 World Rugby HSBC Sevens Series in Vancouver from the 3–5 March. Caps updated to the latest date: 5 March 2023 Previous squads Captains Player records The following shows leading career Australian players based on performance in the Women's SVNS. Players in bold are still active. Award winners The following Australia Sevens players have been recognised at the World Rugby Awards since 2013: Coaches See also Australia women's national rugby union team National Rugby Sevens Championships National Women's Rugby Championship Super W References External links Official website WorldRugby profile Women's national rugby sevens teams Sevens Rugby sevens in Australia World Rugby Women's Sevens Series core teams", "title": "Australia women's national rugby sevens team" }, { "docid": "66920446", "text": "Lisa Martin (born 31 March 1990) is a Scottish rugby union player, who captained the national side from 2016 to 2018. She has made at least 50 appearances for Scotland. At club level, Martin plays for Saracens Women. Club career Martin started playing rugby in Edinburgh at the age of 7. As a youngstar, she also played basketball, and competed for East Scotland in the under-16 Scotland Schools Cup. Martin plays as either a fly-half or inside centre. Martin played for Scottish club Murrayfield Wanderers, and captained the team in 2014, when they won the Sarah Beany Cup, and in 2015, when they won the inaugural Donna Kennedy Cup. In 2017, Martin moved to English club Darlington Mowden Park Sharks. Ahead of the 2018–19 French women's Premier Division season, Martin moved to French club (LMRCV). It was her first fully professional contract, and allowed her to play rugby full-time. Ahead of the 2019–20 Premier 15s season, Martin signed for English club Saracens Women. In the 2021–2022 season, she played for Heriot's Rugby Club. International career Martin made her international debut for Scotland in 2010, during the 2010 Women's Rugby World Cup. She made her first start in a 2011 match against Spain. From 2016 to 2018, she was the Scotland captain, and she captained Scotland in three Six Nations Championships. Her first match as captain was the 2016 Six Nations Championship match against England. She missed one game of the 2018 Six Nations Championship with an eye injury. Later in the tournament, she captained Scotland to their first away win against Ireland in 12 years. In 2018, Martin was one of eight players to receive a \"2021 contract\" from the Scottish Rugby Union. The contract provided financial support until the 2021 Rugby World Cup. Martin has made over 50 appearances for Scotland. She has also played rugby sevens, and was part of the Scotland team that won the 2018 Amsterdam 7s event. Personal life Martin is from Duddingston, Scotland. She attended Portobello High School. Aside from rugby, Martin worked as a performance coach at the University of Edinburgh; she left the role when she joined LMRCV. She has also worked as a volunteer teaching assistant at Saracens High School. Martin is in a long-term relationship with Calum Gauld, who is a coach for Murrayfield Wanderers men's team. Her father also played rugby union whilst in the Royal Air Force. References 1990 births Living people Female rugby union coaches People associated with the University of Edinburgh People educated at Portobello High School Rugby union players from Edinburgh Scotland women's international rugby union players Scottish female rugby union players Scotland international women's rugby sevens players Darlington Mowden Park Sharks players Scottish expatriate rugby union players in France Rugby union fly-halves Rugby union centres Saracens Women rugby players", "title": "Lisa Martin (rugby union)" }, { "docid": "13213400", "text": "The Hong Kong women's national rugby union team represents Hong Kong in women's rugby union. They played their first international match in 1998 against Japan. They made their Rugby World Cup debut in 2017 in Ireland. History Hong Kong made their World Cup debut at the 2017 Women's Rugby World Cup. Hong Kong competed at the 2019 Asia Pacific Championship in Fiji. They played in a round-robin competition against Fiji and Samoa. They defeated Fiji 29–10 and lost to Samoa 34–12. Samoa won the Championship after beating Fiji 15–12. They withdrew from the 2021 Rugby World Cup qualifier that was to be held in Dubai due to travel restrictions linked to the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2022, Hong Kong defeated Kazakhstan twice; they made a come back in the first test to win 31–17, and won the second test 14–12. They made a huge climb in rankings after jumping up four places from 18th to their current rank of 15th. Records Overall (Full internationals only) Rugby World Cup Players Recent squad 23-player squad that faced Kazakhstan in the 2023 Asia Rugby Women's Championship: Previous squads Award winners The following Hong Kong players have been recognised at the World Rugby Awards since 2001: Coaching staff Manager – Yuk Lin KWOK Coach – Royce CHAN LEONG SZE Asst Coach – Sam BEARD Asst Coach – Sam HOCKING S&C – lan BONNET Physio – Sophie RAINE Doctor – Jonathan Mitchell MOSES Analyst – Andy YUEN KIN HO References External links Official website Asian national women's rugby union teams Rugby union in Hong Kong Rugby union teams in Hong Kong W fr:Équipe de Hong Kong de rugby à XV", "title": "Hong Kong women's national rugby union team" } ]	[ "New Zealand" ]
train_21968	in the early days of the space race which country was winning	[ { "docid": "2005851", "text": "The Old Negro Space Program is a short mockumentary in the style of a Ken Burns film. Imagining a black space program, whose \"blackstronauts\" were excluded from \"White NASA\", the film lampoons Burns's history of the Negro leagues, a subject of his 1994 series, Baseball. The ten-minute film was produced and directed by Andy Bobrow, who wrote for the television series Hype, Malcolm in the Middle and later, Community. Bobrow later went on to write the Community episode \"Pillows and Blankets\", another parody of Ken Burns. It was created for broad release on the Internet. Plot To impress a girl that he likes, Wallace \"Suitcase\" Jefferson applies for a job at the newly formed NASA. Unfortunately, since America's \"love affair with racism was in full swing\", Jefferson learns that NASA is whites-only. Undaunted, Jefferson and his friend \"Loopie\" Louie Hays form their own astronaut group. Their creation—the Negro American Space Society of Astronauts (NASSA)—is a resounding success, with more than 240 \"blackstronauts\" signing up by 1960. The venture also brings personal success to Jefferson—he wins the girl's heart and later marries her. Using spaceships cobbled together from old rocket engines, landing capsules, a school bus, and a used Cadillac, NASSA quickly becomes a major player in the space race. Its members farm out across the country, barnstorming in small towns to raise money and becoming minor celebrities. In Washington, the US government worries about losing the space race to the Soviet Union, but is \"ten times as worried\" about losing the race to NASSA. Like NASA, NASSA suffers some significant setbacks. Sullivan Carew dies a hero's death when his rocket-powered school bus burns up in the atmosphere, while Peter \"Stinky Pete\" Carver catches fire in an Illinois church parking lot. Unlike NASA, however, the blackstronauts refuse to slow the pace of their program (Stinky Pete is extinguished and makes another launch the following day). The film features a letter from Sullivan Carew to his wife written two days before his death. It is a parody of the real-life letter by Union Army soldier Sullivan Ballou, which was used by Ken Burns in his documentary The Civil War. NASA attempts to lure away those members of NASSA who have light skin and can pass as white, including Gordon Cooper and Buzz Aldrin. When this fails to produce the desired effect, the government issues a \"black blackout\" and forces the mainstream media to focus only on negative issues affecting the black community. Soon the newspapers are full of stories about crime and riots, and the achievements of NASSA go unreported. On September 31, 1966, Suitcase Jefferson and Louie Hayes land their rocket-powered Coupe de Ville on the surface of the Moon and return safely to Earth. Their amazing feat is buried by the black blackout, and appears on page 34 of the Cincinnati Enquirer (and, presumably, gets the same treatment in other papers). The article reads as follows: Saddened by the nation's lack of interest in their heroics, Jefferson and his friends", "title": "The Old Negro Space Program" }, { "docid": "213242", "text": "Mercury-Atlas 8 (MA-8) was the fifth United States crewed space mission, part of NASA's Mercury program. Astronaut Walter M. Schirra Jr., orbited the Earth six times in the Sigma 7 spacecraft on October 3, 1962, in a nine-hour flight focused mainly on technical evaluation rather than on scientific experimentation. This was the longest U.S. crewed orbital flight yet achieved in the Space Race, though well behind the several-day record set by the Soviet Vostok 3 earlier in the year. It confirmed the Mercury spacecraft's durability ahead of the one-day Mercury-Atlas 9 mission that followed in 1963. Planning began for the third U.S. orbital mission in February 1962, aiming for a six-or-seven-orbit flight to build on the previous three-orbit missions. NASA officially announced the mission on June 27, and the flight plan was finalized in late July. The mission focused on engineering tests rather than on scientific experimentation. The mission finally launched on the morning of October 3, having been delayed two weeks because of problems with the Atlas booster. A series of minor booster problems during launch and a faulty temperature controller in Schirra's pressure suit were the only technical problems noted during the flight. The spacecraft orbited in both automated and passive flight modes for prolonged periods while the pilot monitored it and carried out some minor scientific experiments. After six orbits, the capsule landed in the Pacific Ocean half a mile from the recovery carrier, and was hoisted aboard for Schirra to disembark. The scientific results of the mission were mixed. The astronaut returned healthy after nine hours of confinement in a low-gravity environment. Observation of the Earth's surface proved unproductive, however, because of heavy cloud cover and bad photographic exposures. The public and political reaction was muted compared with that of earlier missions, as the Cuban Missile Crisis soon eclipsed the Space Race in the news. The mission was a technical success: all the engineering objectives were completed without significant malfunctions, and the spacecraft used even less fuel than expected. This confirmed the capabilities of the Mercury spacecraft and allowed NASA to plan with confidence for a day-long flight, MA-9, which had been an early goal of the Mercury program. Mission parameters Mass: Perigee: 156 km Apogee: 285 km Inclination: 32.5° Period: 88.91 min Background By 1962, both the United States and the Soviet Union had flown two solo spaceflights in the Space Race. There was a widespread perception, however, that the United States was falling behind; its two missions had been suborbital and had lasted only a few minutes. The Soviet missions had both orbited the Earth, and the second, Vostok 2, had remained in orbit for a full day. Using the new high-powered Atlas booster, the coming orbital Mercury missions were expected to reduce the gap between the two countries. NASA announced the first two orbital missions at the end of November 1961, shortly after the Mercury-Atlas 5 (MA-5) test flight, which had carried a chimpanzee and twice orbited the Earth. MA-6 was planned as", "title": "Mercury-Atlas 8" }, { "docid": "35126024", "text": "Tatyana Pozdnyakova (born 4 March 1955 in Sosnovo-Ozerskoye, Buryatia, Russia) is a Ukrainian, former Soviet athlete, known for her performance in marathons. She is the current W45 Masters world record holder in the marathon. In her earlier athletic career, she had her best success on the world stage at the IAAF World Cup, taking a silver medal in the 3000 metres in both the 1985 and 1989 meetings. Cross country As early as 1981, she was part of the gold medal winning Soviet team at the World Cross Country Championships, which she repeated in 1982. In 1983 she achieved the individual bronze medal in the long race, 20 seconds ahead of Joan Benoit and just 8 seconds behind Grete Waitz. But the Soviet Union boycotted the 1984 Olympics where those two were the Gold and Silver medalists in the first women's Olympic marathon at the 1984 Olympics. Following her lead, the Soviet team won the Silver medal in 1983 and again in 1985. She also participated in 1989 and 1990 but was not a scoring member of the silver and gold medal winning Soviet teams. Track On the track, Pozdnyakova was ranked in the world top ten twice in the 1500 metres (1982 and 1984) and five times in the 5000 metres (1980-2, 1985 and 1989) Her 3:56.50 1500m from 1984 still ranks her the 19th best performer ever. In the rarely run 2000 metres, her 5:29.64 from 1984 still ranks her as the #5 performer ever. Her last major track result was finishing 13th in the 10000 metres at the 1991 World Championships. She set her personal record in the 10,000 32:00.24 three days earlier in qualifying. Her track career seemed to end at the same time as the end of the Soviet Union itself. Marathon In 1998, at the age of 43, she reemerged in the Chicago Marathon, finishing 5th amongst an elite field, wearing a 5 digit number. Normally the top runners are given single or double digit numbers. Thus began a new career as a road racer. Living in Gainesville, Florida, she ran up a lengthy string of victories on the American road racing circuit, almost always winning the Masters division but frequently winning the overall women's division. She returned to the Brooks Ocean State Marathon in Providence, Rhode Island several times. In the 2001 edition she set the W45 world record at 2:30:28. A day before her 47th birthday, she improved upon the record by 2 seconds at the Los Angeles Marathon. Then seven months later she demolished the record running her personal record 2:29:00 again in Providence. Also in 2002, she set the course record for the Flying Pig Marathon in Cincinnati with a time of 2:34:35. Then 2 days before her 48th birthday she returned to Los Angeles and ran 2:29:40 before a national television audience to take first place overall. Three days after her 49th birthday, she completed back to back overall wins in Los Angeles. And again on her 50th birthday,", "title": "Tatyana Pozdnyakova" }, { "docid": "2380807", "text": "The militarisation of space involves the placement and development of weaponry and military technology in outer space. The early exploration of space in the mid-20th century had, in part, a military motivation, as the United States and the Soviet Union used it as an opportunity to demonstrate ballistic-missile technology and other technologies having the potential for military application. Outer space has since been used as an operating location for military spacecraft such as imaging and communications satellites, and some ballistic missiles pass through outer space during their flight. , known deployments of weapons stationed in space include only the Almaz space-station armament and pistols such as the TP-82 Cosmonaut survival pistol (for post-landing, pre-recovery use). History The Cold War During the Cold War, the world's two great superpowers—the Soviet Union and the United States of America—spent large proportions of their GDP on developing military technologies. The drive to place objects in orbit stimulated space research and started the Space Race. In 1957, the USSR launched the first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1. By the end of the 1960s, both countries regularly deployed satellites. Reconnaissance satellites were used by militaries to take accurate pictures of their rivals' military installations. As time passed the resolution and accuracy of orbital reconnaissance alarmed both sides of the iron curtain. Both the United States and the Soviet Union began to develop anti-satellite weapons to blind or destroy each other's satellites. Directed-energy weapons, kamikaze-style satellites, as well as orbital nuclear explosives were researched with varying levels of success. Spy satellites were, and continue to be, used to monitor the dismantling of military assets in accordance with arms control treaties signed between the two superpowers. To use spy satellites in such a manner is often referred to in treaties as \"national technical means of verification\". The superpowers developed ballistic missiles to enable them to use nuclear weaponry across great distances. As rocket science developed, the range of missiles increased and intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBM) were created, which could strike virtually any target on Earth in a timeframe measured in minutes rather than hours or days. To cover large distances ballistic missiles are usually launched into sub-orbital spaceflight. As soon as intercontinental missiles were developed, military planners began programmes and strategies to counter their effectiveness. United States Early American efforts included the Nike-Zeus Program, Project Defender, the Sentinel Program and the Safeguard Program. The late 1950s Nike-Zeus programme involved firing Nike nuclear missiles against oncoming ICBMs, thus exploding nuclear warheads over the North Pole. This idea was soon scrapped and work began on Project Defender in 1958. Project Defender attempted to destroy Soviet ICBMs at launch with satellite weapon systems, which orbited over Russia. This programme proved infeasible with the technology from that era. Work then began on the Sentinel Program which used anti-ballistic missiles (ABM) to shoot down incoming ICBMs. In the late 1950s United States Air Force considered detonating an atomic bomb on the Moon to display U.S. superiority to the Soviet Union and the rest of", "title": "Militarisation of space" }, { "docid": "4294800", "text": "Sergey Aleksandrovich Afanasyev (; 30 August 1918 – 13 May 2001) was a Russian engineer and later politician who was the leading figure in the Soviet Union's missile and space program. He was the Minister of General Machine Building (1965–1983). Early life and career Sergey Afanasyev was born in the city of Klin in the Moscow region. He graduated from the Bauman Moscow State Technical University in 1941, and was a member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (since 1943). During World War II, he worked as an engineer at an artillery factory in Perm, learning armor design. He became the protégé of Minister of Defence Dmitry Ustinov and from 1946 worked in the Ministry of Defence Industries. In the late 1950s, Sergey Afanasyev worked in top management positions in Leningrad, and in the early 1960s in Moscow as Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. Service as Minister After his appointment in March 1965 as head of the newly created Ministry of General Machine Building, a post he occupied until 1983, Sergey Afanasyev had to build up the new Ministry from zero, uniting numerous defence plants, scientific labs, engineering facilities and famous constructors of space and military rockets under one roof. The new industry under Afanasyev's control was a secret formation, and was never publicly acknowledged until the late 1980s. In private circles he was referred to as “the world’s first Space Minister”. Sergey Afanasyev's Ministry not only took part in developing his country's pioneering space programme but was a key player in the nuclear arms race between the Soviet Union and the United States. In the mid-1960s the nuclear arsenal of the USA was larger than the USSR had. But as the Cold War dragged on, Afanasyev's Ministry managed to sufficiently increase and almost match the number of nuclear missiles and warheads its main rival had and thus reach a fragile balance of military might. Over 1400 intercontinental ballistic missiles and some 1000 submarine-launched ballistic missiles were manufactured and later modernised by the Ministry, which was also responsible for the day-to-day maintenance of the nuclear arsenal and its control functions. That is why Sergey Afanasyev once admitted that his worst nightmare for many years was that one of the nuclear missiles might self-explode or even be launched by mistake. Sergey Afanasyev was also involved in creating spacecraft for Soviet cosmonauts, orbital space stations, including the Mir station, the first Soviet space shuttle Buran, the Energia rocket, and was a frequent visitor of the Baikonur Cosmodrome, attending the many launches. He worked together with the chief Soviet rocket engineer Sergey Korolyov. Oddly enough, just like many elements of the Soviet economy, the Ministry of General Machine Building at its numerous plants spread from the western part of the USSR to the far east coast also produced TV sets, refrigerators and other home appliances. A skilled manager, Sergey Afanasyev often balanced the \"warring factions\" - the different opinions and approaches voiced", "title": "Sergey Afanasyev (politician)" } ]	[ { "docid": "22263083", "text": "Chad C. Brown (born December 18, 1978) is an American Thoroughbred horse racing trainer known for his expertise with turf horses and with fillies and mares. He has trained ten Eclipse Award winners including Stacelita, Big Blue Kitten, Lady Eli, Flintshire, and Horse of the Year Bricks and Mortar. After receiving the Eclipse Award for Outstanding Trainer of 2016, he won his first Triple Crown race with Cloud Computing in the 2017 Preakness Stakes. He also won the Eclipse Award in 2017, 2018, and 2019. He also won his first race outside of the United States when he won the 2024 edition of the Sandy Lane Resort Barbados Gold Cup in Barbados as an assistant trainer for the Gay Smith owned Edward Walcott Junior trained Portfolio Company Background Brown was born and raised in Mechanicville, a small city in upstate New York, and became interested in horses at an early age during family visits to nearby Saratoga race track. While in high school, he worked with Standardbreds at Saratoga Raceway. While studying animal science at Cornell University, he had a summer job with Hall of Fame trainer Shug McGaughey. After graduation, Brown stayed with McGaughey for some time, then obtained an internship with veterinarian Steve Allday. Training career Brown went to work as an assistant to Hall of Fame trainer Robert Frankel in 2002. Brown came to national attention at the time of the 2007 Breeders' Cup, when Frankel returned to California to attend to his sick dog and Brown stepped in to take his place, saddling Ginger Punch to a win in the Breeders' Cup Distaff. In November 2007, Brown went out on his own with only ten horses in his stable, five provided by Ken and Sarah Ramsey and the other five by Gary and Mary West. He won with his second starter, Dual Jewels, on November 23, but the horse was claimed, reducing the stable to nine. He then went to Oaklawn Park for the winter meet, before moving to Keeneland where he scored his second win. After initially being turned down for stall space, Brown competed in his first Saratoga Race Course meet in 2008, and the first horse he entered, Star Player, won the first race on opening day. Brown would win 6 races from 18 starters at the meet, including the debut of the two-year-old filly Maram. She then went on to win the Miss Grillo Stakes (Grade 3) at Belmont Park, which was Brown's first graded stakes win as a trainer. The win also earned Maram a spot in the Breeders' Cup Juvenile Fillies Turf at Santa Anita Park, where she defeated a competitive field at odds of 11–1 to earn Brown his first Breeders' Cup victory, with a purse of over $1,000,000. Earlier in the day, Brown's grandfather, Elmer Maynard, had been buried in his hometown of Mechanicville. Brown said, \"I couldn't be there, and I knew it meant we were going to win.\" In 2011, Brown took over the training of", "title": "Chad Brown (horse trainer)" }, { "docid": "55688379", "text": "Peter Hackett is an Australian Endurance Championship GT race driver and driving instructor. He was born in Sydney, resides in Melbourne and has competed in varying Australian motor racing categories since 2000, but has particularly focused on the Australian Endurance Championship in recent years. After his win at the 2017 Hampton Downs Motorsport Park event, Hackett joined \"David Wall and the late Allan Simonsen as the most successful drivers in Australian GT history, with 17-victories to their names.\" Early years Hackett's first forays into motor racing were not in his home country of Australia, but rather the United Kingdom. From 1995-1997 he raced in various categories including British Formula Vauxhall Junior and British Formula Ford Championship. These early years did not yield any major successes, and Hackett returned home to Australia in the late 90s. His return to Australia in 20000 saw him compete in Australian Formula 3 and Australian Formula 2 followed by a full season of Formula 3 in 2001 which resulted in Hackett's first Championship victory. In 2002 he divided his time between Australian Formula 3 and Formula Holden, scoring 1 win and 6th overall in Formula 3 (competing in 8 of 16 races), while finishing 7th in Formula Holden (Competing in 6 of 12 races) Australian GT Racing The CAMS sanctioned Australian GT series and the Australian Endurance Championship became Hackett's preferred racing categories and the place where he made his mark. In 2016 Hackett and team mate Dominic Storey in an Eggleston Motorsport prepared Mercedes-AMG GT3 was second in the CAMS Australian Endurance Championship to Tekno Autosports Grant Denyer and Nathan Morcom. In 2017 Hackett went one better, winning the CAMS Australian Endurance Championship again alongside team mate and co-driver Dominic Storey. Driving Instructor Since 2001, Hackett has served Mercedes-Benz AMG Australasia as its Chief Driving Instructor for performance drive days and track days As well as his driving instructor duties, Hackett is also an MC for Mercedes Benz vehicle launches, press launches and special events and has been the featured stunt driver in multiple Mercedes Benz/AMG television advertisements and web clips. Career Highlights Summary Complete Macau Grand Prix results Complete Bathurst 24 Hour results Complete Bathurst 12 Hour results Controversy Upon his return to Australian GT Championship in 2016 in Adelaide, Hackett was sensationally excluded from the event after an incident at turn nine where Hackett hit the Audi R8 of James Koundouris. Hackett was excluded after he was found to have breached championship rules 183 section 9 that states ‘any action which causes or is likely to cause damage to other persons or property’. Hackett admitted fault and accepted the CAMS fine of $10,000 with a further $10,000 suspended for the incident. References External links Profile at Australian GT SpeedSport Database for Peter Hackett 1977 births Living people Racing drivers from Sydney Australian Endurance Championship drivers Australian Formula 3 Championship drivers Carlin racing drivers Racing drivers from New South Wales", "title": "Peter Hackett (racing driver)" }, { "docid": "9796720", "text": "Jim French (foaled in Kentucky in 1968, died in 1992), was an American Thoroughbred racehorse. Background Jim French was bred by Ralph Wilson, owner of the National Football League Buffalo Bills. He was by Graustark and out of Dinner Partner. Despite his first-rate pedigree, Jim French was small and dull brown. He was trained by John P. Campo, Racing career 1970: two-year-old season As a juvenile, Jim French was put through a regimen that would be heavily criticized now. Campo put the two-year-old through 11 races in a space of four months. In November 1970 alone, he raced four times, winning the Remsen Stakes. In December, Campo took Jim French to Florida in order to prepare him for the Kentucky Derby. On December 26, 1970, Jim French fought Sir Dagonet for a win in the Miami Beach Handicap at Tropical Park. 1971: three-year-old season In early January, Jim French won the Dade Metropolitan Handicap by a nose, carrying top weight. Eleven days later, he came fast in the Hibiscus Stakes at Hialeah, only to be beaten by Executioner. Another two weeks later, closing from 10th place, Jim French ran past His Majesty in the Bahamas Stakes. Two weeks passed, and he was only a head behind His Majesty in the Everglades Stakes. Once again, two weeks later, he finished third behind Executioner from 19 lengths in the Flamingo Stakes. Campo shipped him to New York to run 17 days later in the Bay Shore Stakes against Hoist The Flag. Jim French ran a blistering 1:21. Only one week later in Florida, he was run in the Florida Derby finishing third to Eastern Fleet, running the race a hair off the stakes record. Jim French was flown to California to run one week later in the Santa Anita Derby, which he won. Back in New York two weeks later, he ran in the Wood Memorial. Jim French had competed in 10 stakes in over four months. Now he arrived in Kentucky to race in the Kentucky Derby. In the Derby, he was a fast closing second to Canonero II, beating Bold Reason. In Canonero II's track record-breaking Preakness Stakes, Jim French was third. In the Belmont Stakes, he again came on fast to take second to Pass Catcher. Campo entered Jim French in the Arlington Classic (then called the Pontiac Grand Prix). Three weeks later, yet again shipped to California, he placed in the Hollywood Derby. He lost to Bold Reason, who carried thirteen fewer pounds. One week later in New York, Jim French won the Dwyer Stakes, giving away 12 to 15 pounds to the rest of the field. In this short time, he was never less than fourth (not counting one disqualification). He ran at 10 tracks in six states and flew across the country four times. Four weeks later, he was ninth in the Monmouth Handicap (now called the Philip H. Iselin Stakes). After the race, he was found to have a spur in his right knee. Rumors", "title": "Jim French (horse)" }, { "docid": "69782288", "text": "Austin Jones (born January 19, 1996) is an American off-road racing driver. He won the Dakar Rally in 2022 in the SSV T4 category. He also won the 2021 FIA World Cup for Cross-Country Rallies in the SSV T4 category and is a 2x Baja 1000 winner and SCORE International Champion in the Trophy Truck Spec Class. Trophy truck Jones started his career in racing early, first taking the co-driver seat as his father Jesse's navigator in 2018 at the age of 22. It wasn't long until a young Jones moved into the driver's seat, making a name for himself almost immediately in the desert racing scene. Behind the wheel of a TSCO built and prepped Thunderstruck 6100 truck, Jones began taking on – and winning – some of North America's most infamous desert races, including the San Felipe 250, Baja 500 and Baja 1000 and eventually securing a SCORE championship as well as SCORE's 2019 Rookie of the Year. Rally-raid In 2019, Jones shifted his focus to the challenge of European-style off-road rallies and taking on some of the toughest rally-raid races in the world. Moving from trophy trucks into side-by-side (vehicles) (SSV), Jones would find himself up against some of the best and most prominent names in international racing. Jones quickly proved he was up to the challenge, eventually teaming up with Brazilian co-driver Gustavo Gugelmin, a seasoned navigator with proven track record in SSV racing. In 2021, the duo found themselves traveling the world to compete in the FIA World Cup of Cross-Country Rally season. After placing first in three of the four points-sanctioned rallies, Jones became the first American to be named the FIA World Cup of Cross-Country Rallies Champion. He would continue with that momentum, claiming first-place overall at the race that many agree is the world's toughest and most iconic off-road rally race in the world – Dakar – at the start of 2022. In what Jones would agree would be one of his hardest fought battles in his racing career, the win almost slipped through his fingers after a broken differential would cost the pair almost 18 minutes, cutting into their lead and putting them 01’41’’ behind the first place position. Jones would strip the SSV and push hard during the race's final stage, claiming victory with one of the narrowest margins of the rally, winning by only 02’37’’. While Jones did not win a stage during the rally, as the General Ranking leader for 8 of the 13 stages, he proved his ability to drive smart and strategically was what it takes to win a 13-day race as treacherous and grueling as Dakar. It was initially reported that Gerard Farres who was starting the final day of the rally in 1st position with a comfortable lead suffered electrical problems in the final stage resulting in a win for Jones. However, it was later revealed that Farres had been told that he needed to slow down in the final stage to allow Jones", "title": "Austin Jones (racing driver)" }, { "docid": "34498443", "text": "Archworth (foaled 1936) was a Thoroughbred racehorse owned by The Globe and Mail publisher George McCullagh that won the 1939 King's Plate, Prince of Wales Plate, and Breeders' Stakes, races that were later designated as the Canadian Triple Crown. Archworth was inducted into the Canadian Horse Racing Hall of Fame in 2014. Background Archworth was a chestnut stallion bred in Ontario by William Henry Wright. His sire was the American stakes winner Worthmore, who proved only moderately successful as a sire. Archworth's dam Archipelego was by Samoa, who was imported from Britain and became a moderately successful sire. Archworth was purchased as a yearling in 1937 by George McCullagh, the publisher of The Globe and Mail, for $500. He was trained by Mark Cowell. Racing career Archworth raced nine times at age two, with four wins including the Cup and Saucer Stakes and Clarendon Stakes. He was named the Canadian champion two-year-old of 1938. At age three, Archworth raced 16 times with five wins and three second-place finishes and was named the Canadian champion three-year-old of 1939. He is best known for winning the King's Plate (known as the Queen's Plate when the sovereign is a female) in the first year in which the race was restricted to three-year-olds. It was the first time the Plate had been attended by the ruling monarch, King George VI. Archworth won in a \"runaway affair\" by ten lengths, and King George presented 60 gold-plated sovereigns and a gold-plated trophy to McCullagh. Queen Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon was impressed by the colt's front-running style, saying \"Never have I seen a horse go out and take such a long lead and hold it.\" McCullagh gave credit to the colt's breeder, William Wright, saying: \"It's a great day for me, but I am only the stuffed shirt who bought him for $500. My thrill is nothing at all compared to the joy in Bill Wright's heart. It's been a lifelong dream. When he came to this country from England he used to watch the races at Woodbine from a knothole in the fence. Standing there, he vowed that if he ever struck it rich, he would try to breed a winner of the Plate. The dream came true today. All the credit goes to Bill, to trainer Mark Cowell, and to jockey Denny Birley.\" In 1939, Archworth also won the Prince of Wales Plate and Breeders' Stakes. In 1959, the Canadian Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing was formed using these races and the King/Queen's Plate, but only horses that won the races from 1959 onward were recognized as Triple Crown winners. It was not until 2014 that the early winners of the three races were retroactively acknowledged. Archworth then became known as Canada's second Triple Crown winner. Archworth's later career was undistinguished, with only 1 win from 9 starts in 1940 and 5 wins from 13 starts in 1941. In October 1940, he ran second in the Sennings Park Handicap at Aqueduct Racetrack in New York. Similar to", "title": "Archworth" }, { "docid": "30984841", "text": "The Amazing Race 3 (also known as The Amazing Race on Space) is the third season of the Latin American version of the reality television game show based on the American series of the same name, The Amazing Race. This season was the first to air on the Space channel in association with Disney Media Networks Latin America. It featured eleven teams of two, with a pre-existing relationship, in a race across Latin America to win US$250,000. Harris Whitbeck returned as the host for this third season. The third season premiered on 25 September 2011 at 9:00 p.m. (UTC-3) on Space and TNT. The season finale aired on Space and TNT on 18 December 2011 at 9:00 p.m. (UTC-3). Chilean twins Cristóbal and Nicolás Brain were the winners of this season. Production Development and filming Space greenlit the third season of the series in January 2011. Filming for this third season took place from 12 July 2011 to 2 August 2011. The third season was broadcast in high-definition television on Space HD. Filming for the third season lasted for 22 days and covered nearly . The third season spanned five countries in one continent. Among them, only one is an unvisited country, Uruguay. Previously visited countries were Argentina, Chile, Ecuador and Brazil. This season adopted the colors from original American version with red and yellow route markers, yellow clue envelopes, and a green and black Pit Stop mat. The only team present at the Finish Line was Mexican married couple, Rick & Kathy, who were eliminated in Brazil (the country where the Finish Line was located). Casting Applications were accepted from 20 February 2011 and ended on late April 2011. Cast This season included eleven teams from Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, Venezuela and for the first time Costa Rica and Ecuador. As a result, Brazil was not represented for the first time in this version. The cast includes Colombian television host and model Toya Montoya and her boyfriend Juan del Mar, a pair of identical twins (Guillermo & Gabriel from season one were non-identical twins), the series first team composed of cousins, and the first sisters-in-law team. Future appearances Montoya would later host the series starting with the fifth season, becoming the first female host in the whole Amazing Race franchise. Results The following teams participated in the season, with their relationships at the time of filming. Note that this table is not necessarily reflective of all content broadcast on television due to inclusion or exclusion of some data. Placements are listed in finishing order: Key A team placement indicates that the team was eliminated. A indicates that the team won a Fast Forward. A indicates that the team decided to use the Express Pass on that leg. An team placement indicates that the team came in last on a non-elimination leg and had to perform a Speed Bump in the next leg. A indicates that the team chose to use the Yield; indicates the team who received it;", "title": "The Amazing Race 3 (Latin American season)" }, { "docid": "17137552", "text": "Peppers Pride (March 24, 2003 – September 19, 2019) was an undefeated, multiple stakes winning American Thoroughbred race horse. Bred in New Mexico, Peppers Pride was by Desert God, by Fappiano. Desert God's dam, Blush With Pride, was also the dam of Better Than Honour, a broodmare that sold for $14 million at Fasig-Tipton in early November 2008. Peppers Pride's dam is the Chili Pepper Pie mare Lady Pepper that placed in the 1990 Bluebonnet Stakes. Peppers Pride was her last foal. Joe Allen purchased Desert God from the University of Arizona. Race record Peppers Pride raced only in her birth state, New Mexico, always against New Mexico-breds, and was ridden by the same jockey, Carlos Madeira, in every one of her 19 races. Trained by Joel Marr, she won races from five and a half furlongs to one mile in length, twelve times in stakes company. At age two, she made a four-wide rally on the turn to win the New Mexico Classic Cup Juvenile Fillies. At age five, Peppers Pride tied Thoroughbreds Citation, Cigar, Mister Frisky, and Hallowed Dreams (and a paint horse, Got Country Grip) for longest consecutive winning streak by winning 16 consecutive North American races. On October 4, 2008, she entered the record books as the only American race horse since 1900 to win 17 consecutive races, while tying the modern-day international mark of Hong Kong-based Silent Witness. On November 8, 2008, she eclipsed Silent Witness' record with 18 consecutive wins, then extended the mark to 19 on December 14, 2008. Several Thoroughbreds from other countries have won more consecutive races, the record being 56 by Camarero. Camarero raced in Puerto Rico in the 1950s. Also, several Standardbreds (harness racing) have won more consecutive races, led by Carty Nagle's 41 in 1937-1938. The owner/breeder of Peppers Pride, Joe Allen of Abilene, Texas, said: “\"We know that this filly is not Citation or Cigar. We haven't been the ones to compare her to those horses. We're just glad to have her.\" She was nearly beaten in 2006 running in a prep allowance race when she got up by only a nose after a late run, but went on to win that year's New Mexico Cup Championship for Fillies by a length as the 11-10 favorite. Called the “Queen of New Mexico Racing,” Peppers Pride was expected to try for her seventeenth win on July 27, 2008, in the $55,000 Lincoln Handicap at Ruidoso Downs, thereby beating the modern standing record. The Lincoln Handicap was a restricted six furlong race which the mare won in 2007 by one and three-quarters lengths. Peppers Pride would have been the 127-pound top weight, carrying at least 11 pounds more than any other horse entered. July 27 was her owner's 62nd birthday. But the track was inundated with rain from Hurricane Dolly just before the day of the race, and Peppers Pride did not run. In a six-furlong allowance race at Zia Park on October 4, 2008, she succeeded in her", "title": "Peppers Pride" }, { "docid": "36405947", "text": "Pello Bilbao López de Armentia (born 25 February 1990) is a Spanish cyclist, who currently rides for UCI WorldTeam . Career Caja Rural–Seguros RGA (2014–16) Bilbao joined for the 2014 season, after his previous team – – folded at the end of the 2013 season. In 2015, Bilbao won the sixth stage of the Tour of Turkey, concluding his effort atop a steep climb. Astana (2017–2019) He was named in the start list for the 2017 Giro d'Italia. He finished 10th overall in the Tour de Suisse, which was his first top 10 in a general classification in a major stage race. Bilbao finished 7th overall at the 2018 Volta a la Comunitat Valenciana. Months later he finished 8th overall at the Tour of the Basque Country. He won stage 1 of the Tour of the Alps, therefore riding stage 2 in the leader's jersey. He continued his great form at the Giro d'Italia, supporting Miguel Ángel López, and finishing 6th overall. Weeks later Bilbao won stage 6 of the Critérium du Dauphiné, which was his first World Tour victory. In July 2019, he was named in the startlist for the Tour de France. Bahrain–McLaren (2020–present) In October 2019, it was announced that Bilbao was to join , later renamed as , for the 2020 season. He finished sixteenth at the 2020 Tour de France, before recording his best Grand Tour result to that point, placing fifth overall at the 2020 Giro d'Italia. He entered the 2021 Giro d'Italia as a domestique – initially for team leader Mikel Landa, before Landa had to withdraw from the race after a crash on the fifth stage. Damiano Caruso then took over as team leader, and following teamwork by Bilbao, won the penultimate stage of the race on his way to second overall; Bilbao ultimately finished 13th overall. Bilbao finished on the overall podium at the 2022 UAE Tour, taking a third-place stage finish at Jebel Hafeet on the final day. At the Tour of the Basque Country, Bilbao won a small group sprint on the third stage into Amurrio; he ultimately finished the race in fifth overall. His next start was at the Tour of the Alps, where he again won a small group sprint, winning the second stage into Lana. Having finished second on the first stage, Bilbao assumed the race lead – which he would hold until the final day, when he lost forty seconds to three riders, who ultimately moved ahead of him in the general classification. At the Giro d'Italia, Bilbao finished in third place on the opening stage in Hungary, behind Mathieu van der Poel and Biniam Girmay. Bilbao held a top-ten position in the general classification for the duration of the race, ultimately finishing fifth overall, for the second time in three editions. Bilbao took an early season win on stage three of the 2023 Tour Down Under, going on to finish third overall. In July he won his first Tour de France stage on stage", "title": "Pello Bilbao" }, { "docid": "40251550", "text": "The Amazing Race 5 (also known as The Amazing Race on Space 3) is the fifth season of The Amazing Race, a Latin American reality competition show based on the American series The Amazing Race and the third installment of Space's iteration of the show. Hosted by Toya Montoya, it featured eleven teams of two, each with a pre-existing relationship, in a race across Latin America to win US$250,000. This season visited two continents and six countries and travelled over during twelve legs. Starting in Cartagena, teams travelled through Colombia, Peru, Curaçao, the Dominican Republic, Panama and Mexico before finishing in Chiapa de Corzo. This season returned to the regular format by featuring teams from all over Latin America and not only from Brazil, unlike the previous season. This season premiered on Space and TNT on 16 September 2013 at 9:00 p.m. (UTC−3), and the season finale aired on Space and TNT on 9 December 2013 at 9:00 p.m. (UTC−3). Argentine friends Ezequiel Sapochnik and Tobías de la Barra were the winners of this season, while Uruguayan couple Darío & Esther finished in second place and Argentine dating couple Karina & Braian finished in third place. Production Development and filming Space greenlit the fifth season of the series on 19 October 2012. On 23 April 2013, Colombian television host and model Toya Montoya, who was also a contestant on the third season, was announced as the new host of the show, making her the first female host in the franchise. Filming for this fifth season took place from 19 June 2013 to mid-July 2013. Ten teams were spotted in Barranquilla, Colombia on 22 June 2013. This season covered nearly and featured the first visit by an Amazing Race franchise to the Dutch constituent country of Curaçao. None of the eliminated teams were present at the Finish Line. Casting Applications for the fifth season were opened for Brazilians on 13 October 2012. On 13 February 2013 applications were also opened for the rest of Latin America until 31 March 2013. Marketing Sponsors for this season were Samsung Electronics and Scotiabank. The sponsors played a major role in the series by providing prizes and integrating their products into various tasks. Cast This season had eleven teams from Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico, Venezuela, Uruguay for the first time, and the first contestant from Guatemala. For the first time in the regular series, Chile was not represented. The cast included the series's first brothers-in-law, Filippo & Eddy from Venezuela; Evelyn Christopher from Evelyn & Jorge, who was a contestant on the Colombian Got Talent show, Colombia Tiene Talento, in 2012 with the group Aqualia, Teatro Negro de Colombia; the first binational team in the Latin American version, Juanjo & Beto, representing both Guatemala and Mexico (although The Amazing Race: China Rush have had previously presented binational teams); and the first team from Uruguay, married couple Darío & Esther. Results The following teams participated in the season, with their relationships at the time", "title": "The Amazing Race 5 (Latin American season)" }, { "docid": "175114", "text": "The Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race, more commonly known as The Iditarod (), is an annual long-distance sled dog race held in Alaska in early March. It travels from Anchorage to Nome. Mushers and a team of between 12 and 16 dogs, of which at least 5 must be on the towline at the finish line, cover the distance in 8–15 days or more. The Iditarod began in 1973 as an event to test the best sled dog mushers and teams but evolved into today's highly competitive race. Teams often race through blizzards causing whiteout conditions, sub-zero temperatures and gale-force winds which can cause the wind chill to reach . A ceremonial start occurs in the city of Anchorage and is followed by the official restart in Willow, a city north of Anchorage. The restart was originally in Wasilla through to 2007, but due to too little snow, the restart has been at Willow since 2008. The trail runs from Willow up the Rainy Pass of the Alaska Range into the sparsely populated interior, and then along the shore of the Bering Sea, finally reaching Nome in western Alaska. The trail is through a rugged landscape of tundra and spruce forests, over hills and mountain passes, across rivers and even over sea ice. While the start in Anchorage is in the middle of a large urban center, most of the route passes through widely separated towns and villages, and small Athabaskan and Iñupiat settlements. The Iditarod is regarded as a symbolic link to the early history of the state and is connected to many traditions commemorating the legacy of dog mushing. The race is an important and popular sporting event in Alaska, and the top mushers and their teams of dogs are local celebrities; this popularity is credited with the resurgence of recreational mushing in the state since the 1970s. While the yearly field of more than fifty mushers and about a thousand dogs is still largely Alaskan, competitors from fourteen countries have completed the event including Martin Buser from Switzerland, who became the first foreign winner in 1992. Fans follow the race online from all over the world, and many overseas volunteers also come to Alaska to help man checkpoints and carry out other volunteer chores. The Iditarod received more attention outside of the state after the 1985 victory of Libby Riddles, a long-shot who became the first woman to win the race. The next year, Susan Butcher became the second woman to win the race and went on to win in three subsequent years. Print and television journalists and crowds of spectators attend the ceremonial start at the intersection of Fourth Avenue and D Street in Anchorage and in smaller numbers at the checkpoints along the trail. Mitch Seavey set the record fastest time for the Iditarod in 2017, crossing the line in Nome in 8 days, 3 hours, 40 minutes and 13 seconds, while also becoming the oldest winner. Name The race's namesake is the Iditarod Trail,", "title": "Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race" }, { "docid": "10283041", "text": "Albert Snider (October 22, 1921March 5, 1948) was a jockey in Thoroughbred racing who had success in his native Canada as well as the United States. Biography Snider was born in Calgary, Alberta, in 1921. He got his first win as a Thoroughbred jockey on September 1, 1938, at Stamford Park racetrack in Niagara Falls, Ontario. He was riding in the southern United States in the latter part of 1938 where he quickly established a reputation as a capable rider. In the ensuing years, he rode at major tracks in New York, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Maryland Kentucky and Illinois. Among his significant wins were the Arlington-Washington Lassie Stakes and the Stars and Stripes Handicap. In his best finish in an American Classic, Snider rode owner Fred W. Hooper's colt Hoop Jr. to second place in the 1945 Preakness Stakes. He won the 1946 inaugural running of the Miss America Handicap with Hal Price Headley's Letmenow. Signed on to ride for Calumet Farm, Snider became the jockey for future United States' Racing Hall of Fame inductee, Citation. He rode Citation in his career debut on April 22, 1947, winning a furlong race at Havre de Grace Racetrack and most notably going on to win the Belmont Futurity Stakes en route to Citation being voted the U.S. Champion 2-Year-Old Colt. In all, Snider rode Citation five times at age two and four times at age three. He won all nine races. Another of Snider's impressive wins in 1947 was aboard Fervent in the mile and three-sixteenths Pimlico Special. Run October 30 at Narragansett Park, stiff competition in the $25,000 winner-take-all race saw the field narrowed to four runners. In addition to Fervent, Calumet Farm also entered their best runner, Armed. Ridden by Douglas Dodson, bettors made Armed the 1-5 favorite in a year the future Hall of Fame gelding would be voted American Horse of the Year honors. The William G. Helis Sr. colt Cosmic Bomb had Ovie Scurlock aboard, Loyal Legion, owned by Walter M. Jeffords, was ridden by Eddie Arcaro. In the space of two days in May 1947, Snider guided three different horses to wins at Havre de Grace Racetrack in track record time. On two days during July at two racetracks in Chicago he rode two more horses to a track record time, one on turf and the other on dirt. 1948 promised to be a great year as Snider prepared to ride Citation in the U.S. Triple Crown series. At Hialeah Park Race Track, he rode the colt to victory in the 1948 Seminole and Everglades Handicaps. Several days after winning the Flamingo Stakes, Snider used a day off, March 5, to go fishing in the Florida Keys. While out on the water, a sudden storm came up and Snider apparently drowned. His skiff was found eight days later on a small island south of Everglades City, but search parties found no trace of Snider or the two other men who had been with him. Calumet Farms", "title": "Albert Snider" }, { "docid": "36669152", "text": "Sleepytime (foaled 20 February 1994) is an Irish-bred, British-trained Thoroughbred racehorse. In a racing career which lasted from September 1996 to April 1998 she ran six times and won two races. In two races as a two-year-old she won one race, and finished third in the Group One Fillies' Mile at Ascot. On her three-year-old debut she was beaten in the Fred Darling Stakes at Newbury but then won the Classic 1000 Guineas at Newmarket Racecourse. On her only subsequent appearance that year she finished third in the Coronation Stakes. After one unsuccessful run in 1998 she was retired from racing to become a successful broodmare. Background Sleepytime, a dark-coated bay filly with a white star, was bred by Charles H. Wacker III and raced in the colours of Wacker's Greenbay Stables. As a two-year-old, Sleepytime was described as having a dragster-like physique, with a \"slender, delicate front\" and \"hugely powerful\" hind quarters. Her sire, Royal Academy won the July Cup at Newmarket and the Breeders' Cup Mile in 1990. At stud, his best winners have included the double Irish St. Leger winner Oscar Schindler and the Hong Kong champion Bullish Luck. Sleepytime's dam, Alidiva, who was probably the best horse sired by Chief Singer, won at Listed level and was a half-sister to the Prix d'Ispahan winner Croco Rouge. In addition to Sleepytime produced the Group One winners Taipan (Preis von Europa, Premio Roma) and Ali-Royal (Sussex Stakes). As a descendant of the broodmare Bourtai, Sleepytime and Alidiva came from the same branch of Thoroughbred family 9-f which produced Big Spruce and Coastal. Sleepytime was trained by Henry Cecil at his Warren Place stables at Newmarket, Suffolk and was ridden in four of her six races by Kieren Fallon. Racing career Sleepytime made her racecourse debut in a seven furlong maiden race at Sandown Park in September. Her reputation had already been established by her performances in training and she started at odds of 30/100 against fourteen opponents. Ridden by the veteran Pat Eddery, Sleepytime took the lead two furlongs from the finish and drew away to win by five lengths in what the Racing Post described as a \"very impressive\" victory. Eleven days later, Sleepytime was moved directly into Group One class for the Fillies' Mile at Ascot and started 6/4 favourite. Sleepytime finished third to her stable companion Reams of Verse after being unable to obtain space for a clear run in the straight. Reams of Verse went on to win The Oaks in 1997. In early 1997, Sleepytime was a clear favourite for the 1000 Guineas, after avoiding the respiratory infection which had affected many horses in Cecil's stables. Her training gallops had been highly impressive, making her the choice on many Newmarket experts and insiders. On 18 April, Sleepytime started 4/7 favourite for her first appearance as a three-year-old in the Fred Darling Stakes, a trial for the Guineas. The race produced an upset, with Sleepytime, ridden for the first time by Kieren Fallon, finishing", "title": "Sleepytime" }, { "docid": "52166632", "text": "The 2016 Breeders' Cup Classic was the 33rd running of the Breeders' Cup Classic, part of the 2016 Breeders' Cup World Thoroughbred Championships program. It was run on November 5, 2016 at Santa Anita Park in Arcadia, California with a purse of $6,000,000. California Chrome, who was the top-ranked Thoroughbred racehorse in the world, was the favorite for the race after an undefeated season. He led for most of the race but was caught near the finish line by Arrogate, a late developing three-year-old. The Classic is run on dirt at one mile and one-quarter (approximately 2000 m). It is run under weight-for-age conditions, with entrants carrying the following weights: Northern Hemisphere three-year-olds: 122 lb Southern Hemisphere three-year-olds: 117 lb Four-year-olds and up: 126 lb Any fillies or mares receive a 3 lb allowance Contenders California Chrome (program #4) was the even money favorite on the morning line for the Classic after a perfect season of six wins from six starts, including the Dubai World Cup, Pacific Classic and Awesome Again Stakes. He was ranked number one on the Longines World's Best Racehorse Rankings and held the North American earnings record. California Chrome was also the 2014 Horse of the Year after winning the Kentucky Derby and Preakness Stakes. His trainer Art Sherman said, \"He's more mature, bigger, stronger, and you can see it in the way he's running. He's pretty well focused. He's kind of awesome to watch, to be honest with you.\" Arrogate (p #10) was the second choice at 5-2 on the morning line, based on his record-setting win in the Travers Stakes in late August. The lightly raced three-year-old was trained by Bob Baffert, who won the Classic in 2014 with Bayern and in 2015 with American Pharoah. The Classic was only his second stakes race appearance. Frosted (p #2) was the third choice at 3-1 on the morning line. Beaten by California Chrome in the Dubai World Cup, Frosted rebounded with noteworthy wins in the Metropolitan Handicap and Whitney before being upset in the Woodward. The 9-horse field also included: Effinex, runner-up in the 2015 Classic to American Pharoah Keen Ice, winner of the 2015 Travers Win the Space, finished 3rd in the 2016 Awesome Again Melatonin, winner of the 2016 Santa Anita Handicap and Gold Cup at Santa Anita but unraced since June 25 War Story, 2nd in the Pennsylvania Derby Champion Stakes Hoppertunity, winner of the Jockey Club Gold Cup Shaman Ghost, winner of the Brooklyn and Woodward, scratched the day before the race. Race Description California Chrome broke well and was urged by jockey Victor Espinoza to the early lead. Arrogate broke poorly from the outside post position but quickly moved to the middle of the pack, then up to third. With a quarter of a mile remaining, Arrogate moved into second, trailing California Chrome by a length and a half. Espinoza looked back at the field then set California Chrome down for the stretch drive. Arrogate was also urged on by", "title": "2016 Breeders' Cup Classic" }, { "docid": "59747300", "text": "This is a list of the Tour de Ski men's overall winners. The Tour de Ski is an annual cross-country skiing event held annually since the 2006–07 season in Central Europe, modeled on the Tour de France of cycling. The Tour de Ski is a Stage World Cup event in the FIS Cross-Country World Cup. Each Tour de Ski has consisted of six to nine stages, held during late December and early January in the Czech Republic, Germany, Italy, and Switzerland. The skier with the lowest aggregate time at the end of each day wears the gold bib, representing the leader of the overall standings. There are one other bib as well: the silver bib, worn by the leader of the point standings. Dario Cologna has won the most Tours with four. He, and Alexander Bolshunov and Johannes Høsflot Klæbo have managed to win two consecutive Tours. Klæbo is the youngest winner; he won in 2018–19, 22 years and 76 days old. Lukáš Bauer is the oldest winner, having been 32 years, 145 days old when he won the 2009–10 edition. Norwegian skiers have won the most Tours with seven; four Norwegian and three Russian skiers have won. The most recent winner is Harald Østberg Amundsen of Norway, who won the 2023–24 Tour de Ski, his first. History The Tour de Ski was established in 2006 by FIS, after ideas emerging on a meeting between former Olympic gold medallist Vegard Ulvang and Jürg Capol, the International Ski Federation's (FIS) chief executive officer for cross-country competitions, in Ulvang's sauna in Maridalen, Norway. Their idea was to create a stage competition consisting of different events which they expected would lead to several days of continuous excitement before the most complete skiers would become Tour de Ski champions. Jürg Capol stated that FIS originally wished to start the race in the Alps. However, as neither Austria or Switzerland were interested, the opening two stages were to be held in Nové Město na Moravě in the Czech Republic. A week before the Tour was due to start, FIS announced that snow conditions in Nové Město were not good enough, and cancelled the two races there. The first Tour de Ski therefore opened with a sprint race in Munich on 31 December 2006, and was won by Christoph Eigenmann (SUI). Skiers from France, Germany and Norway, among others, said that the Tour de Ski was among their targets for the 2006–07 season, with Norwegian skier Jens Arne Svartedal claiming that the winner would have \"extreme respect\" for winning such an extreme race. Tobias Angerer (GER) were the first men's overall winners of the Tour. Angerer did not win any of the stages on his path to victory. After the first Tour de Ski, reactions among athletes were largely positive. Norwegian athletes said \"it was a good concept\", German winner Tobias Angerer claimed that the Tour de Ski \"has a great future\", Oberstdorf in Bavaria was originally scheduled to host two stages, but cancelled as the", "title": "List of Tour de Ski men's overall winners" }, { "docid": "23972988", "text": "The Tour de France is an annual road bicycle race held over 23 days in July. Established in 1903 by newspaper L'Auto, the Tour is the best-known and most prestigious of cycling's three \"Grand Tours\"; the others are the Giro d'Italia and the Vuelta a España. The race usually covers approximately 3,500 kilometres (2,200 mi), passing through France and neighbouring countries such as Belgium. The race is broken into day-long stages. Individual finishing times for each stage are totalled to determine the overall winner at the end of the race. The course changes every year, but has always finished in Paris; since 1975, it has finished along the Champs-Élysées. The rider with the lowest aggregate time at the end of each day wears the yellow jersey, representing the leader of the general classification. There are other jerseys as well: the green jersey, worn by the leader of the points classification; the polka dot jersey, worn by the leader of the mountains classification; and the white jersey, worn by the leader of the young rider classification. Jacques Anquetil, Eddy Merckx, Bernard Hinault, and Miguel Indurain, have won the most Tours with five each. Indurain is the only man to win five consecutive Tours. Henri Cornet is the youngest winner; he won in 1904, just short of his 20th birthday. Firmin Lambot is the oldest winner, he was 36 years, 4 months old when he won in 1922. French cyclists have won the most Tours; 21 cyclists have won 36 Tours among them. Belgian cyclists are second with 18 victories, and Spanish riders are third with 12 wins. The most recent winner is Danish rider Jonas Vingegaard, who won the 2023 Tour. After it emerged that Lance Armstrong had used performance-enhancing drugs, in October 2012, the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) stripped Armstrong of the seven consecutive Tour general classification titles between 1999 and 2005. History The Tour de France was established in 1903 by the newspaper L'Auto, in an attempt to increase its sales. The first race was won by Frenchman Maurice Garin. He won again the next year, but was disqualified after allegations that he had been transported by car or rail arose. Henri Cornet became the winner after the dispute was settled; he is the youngest to win the Tour. Following the scandals in 1904, the scoring system was changed from being time-based to a point-based system, in which the cyclist who has the fewest points at the end of the race is victorious. This system lasted until 1912, when the time-based system was re-introduced. French cyclists were successful in the early Tours; the first non-Frenchman to win the Tour was François Faber of Luxembourg, who won in 1909. Belgian riders were more successful before and after the First World War (which suspended the Tour from 1915 to 1918). In the 1920s, trade teams dominated the Tour; cyclists such as Nicolas Frantz won the Tour with the Alcyon team. However, when Alcyon cyclist Maurice De Waele won the Tour in", "title": "List of Tour de France general classification winners" }, { "docid": "70739009", "text": "Jack Christopher (foaled 30 January 2019) is a multiple Grade I-winning American Thoroughbred racehorse who won the Grade I Champagne Stakes as a two-year-old and the Woody Stephens Stakes and H. Allen Jerkens Memorial Stakes in 2022. Background Jack Christopher is a chestnut stallion that was bred in Kentucky by Castleton Lyons & Kilboy Estate. His sire is Munnings who ran second in the 2008 renewal of Champagne Stakes and stands at Ashford Stud and his dam is Rushin No Blushin who was sired by Half Ours. Rushin No Blushin is a half sister to multiple Grade I winner and sire Street Boss. Jack Christopher was bought for $135,000 from Paramount Sales' consignment to the 2020 Fasig-Tipton Kentucky October Yearlings Sale. Racing career 2021: Two-year-old season Jack Christopher began his racing career on 28 August in a Maiden Special Weight event over 6 furlongs at Saratoga Race Course. Starting as the 11/10 favorite in a field of 7, he began sharply and forged three wide on the turn entering the straight, where he kicked clear, winning by lengths. Trainer Chad Brown then entered the colt in the Grade I Champagne Stakes at Belmont Park. Nearly five weeks later, Jack Christopher was made the heavy favorite over Gunite and Wit. The latter had won the Grade III Sanford Stakes and was the only other stakes winner in the field. Gunite shook free in the early going to take the lead, but Jack Christopher moved quickly into a stalking position. He pulled away and never faced a serious challenge, winning by lengths in a time of 1:36.72. Jack Christopher earned points for the Kentucky Derby as well as automatic entry for the Breeders' Cup Juvenile held at Del Mar. However, Jack Christopher was scratched the day before the Breeders' Cup Juvenile on the advice of Breeders' Cup veterinarians. Due to a couple of areas lighting up on a bone scan, mainly the left shin, he had a screw inserted in that shin by orthopedic surgeon Dr. Larry Bramlage and was sidelined for two months. 2022: Three-year-old season Jack Christopher resumed training after his operation on 27 February in Florida, which was deemed too late for preparations for the Kentucky Derby. After gradual training of ten spaced works, connections entered Jack Christopher in the Pat Day Mile Stakes over a distance of one mile on the Kentucky Derby undercard. Jack Christopher was made the 7/10 favorite in a field of eleven three-year-olds. After pressing the pace of early leader Pappacap, he pulled away to score by lengths in a time of 1:34.81. Trainer Chad Brown commented, \"It's a little bittersweet that we did get him to the first Saturday in May, which we had been thinking about since he debuted up at Saratoga, that unbelievable performance. To get him to the first Saturday in May and have him roar down the stretch and get to the winner's circle but not be in the race that's a few races later, will always be in", "title": "Jack Christopher" }, { "docid": "17751658", "text": "Ilario Bandini (18 April 1911 – 12 April 1992) was an Italian businessman, racing driver, and racing car manufacturer. Early years Bandini was born in Villa Rovere, today part of the administrative region of Forlì in Romagna. After finishing elementary school, he apprenticed as a mechanic and turner in Forli. At the age of 25 he moved to Eritrea, then an Italian colony, where he operated a transport business between Dekemhare and Asmara. He returned to Italy in 1939 and, with his savings, opened a garage and car rental/limousine service in downtown Forlì. In the same year, Bandini started competing as a motorcycle racer, racing at Faenza, Lugo di Romagna, and Imola. In 1940, he took part in the Mille Miglia, driving a Fiat Balilla \"Coppa d'oro\". During World War II, faced with shortages of fuel for civilian use, Bandini adapted his automobile engines to operate with wood gas. In 1946, he reassembled a Fiat 1100 that he had cut apart and hidden to avoid its requisition by the German army. He modified the chassis and suspension while rebuilding the car. Fitted with an aluminium body, the work of Turin coachbuilder Rocco Motto, this car became the Bandini 1100, the first to carry the Bandini name. 1940s racing career in Italy In 1947, Bandini raced a Cisitalia D46 at the Asti circuit, and raced his 1100 Sport at the Predappio-Rocca delle Camminate race, coming second in his class. After constructing a second example, Bandini entered the 1949 Mille Miglia with his new 1100 siluro, featuring torpedo-like bodywork and cycle fenders (separate mudguards). The car still used the same Fiat engine, modified with a twin overhead camshaft cylinder head based on an Alfa Romeo design. With this car, Bandini entered events at Senigallia, Ferrara, Modena, Bari, and Pescara. His first victory was a class win in the Tour of Umbria (Giro dell'Umbria). At the start of the 1950s, Bandini became a dealer in Italy for Alfa Romeo and then for Lancia. Meanwhile, the first Bandini arrived in United States. Here, in the hands of drivers Dick Gent and Bob Said, the car gained early racing successes: its lightness and stability, using a patented elliptical-section steel tube space frame, were particularly appreciated. 1950s racing opportunities in the United States American importer Tony Pompeo thought this space frame chassis, already winning in 1100 and 1500 cc classes with Fiat and Siata engines, could be even more competitive in the 750 cc category, equipped with Crosley powerplants. With this in mind, Bandini made changes to the engine lubrication system, distributor, and valvetrain, also marginally increasing the stroke, enlarging the capacity from 721 cc to 747 cc. He designed space frames weighing only 18 kg (40 lb), to which he fitted bodies by Motto, whose designs were perfectly in harmony with the Bandini philosophy, incorporating practicality and compliance with regulations, without sacrificing elegance of form. So was born the Bandini 750 sport siluro. These cars, when their headlights were removed, qualified to race in the", "title": "Ilario Bandini" }, { "docid": "69864091", "text": "All the Wild Horses is a 2017 British documentary film directed by Ivo Marloh. The film follows a number of international riders from different countries as they compete in the 1,000 km (621 mi) Mongol Derby in Mongolia, a 10-day equestrian endurance race. The movie won multiple awards, including Best International Documentary Feature at its World premiere screening during the Galway Film Fleadh in Ireland in 2017. Synopsis The film focuses on five international riders from Canada, United States, United Kingdom, South Africa and Ireland as they compete in the longest endurance horse race in the world, the Mongol Derby. Showing the gruelling daily grind of the race itself, the film also tells the smaller stories of other participants, and features the many Mongolian herder families that help to organise the race. The filmmakers introduce the riders on their journey from Ulaanbataar across Mongolia to the start camp of the race. Forty riders from ten different countries make up the complete lineup of participants. Some talk about what brought them on the long journey here and become part of this race. At start camp, the riders receive hands-on training with the very tough and semi-wild Mongolian horses that live in herds throughout most of the year and haven't changed much since the days of Chinggis Khan. A local herder explains that the horses need to retain their wild spirit in order to survive the harsh winters on the steppe. Led by race chief Kate Willings and head race referee Maggie Pattinson, the international crew takes the riders through various scenarios they might encounter out on the steppe. After a fast and dramatic race start — with the first two casualties taken off the field by medevac within the first hour — 22-year-old American rider Devan Horn takes an early lead, which she manages to retain for five days. The most experienced horseman in the field, South African horse whisperer Monde Kanyana, isn't as driven by the chance of winning as he is interested in learning about Mongolian horsemanship. It is his first time away from his native KwaZulu-Natal, and the overwhelm he feels at the overall experience seems to outweigh his drive to push forward relentlessly, unlike some of the other competitors. Irish jockeys Donie Fahy and Richie Killoran form fast friendships early on with British race horse trainer Charlotte Treleaven and American firefighter Julie Youngblood. The four riders stick together through some very hard times as they keep chasing down the front runners of the race. The race depicted on All The Wild Horses throws up many twists and turns as the days tick by — down to the winner eventually being decided by a veterinarian penalty handed down to one of the front runners. Production Marloh grew up on a horse farm and inherited a fascination with Mongolia from his mother. He had always dreamed of riding across the steppe, so when he came across an article about the Mongol Derby, applying for a place in the race", "title": "All the Wild Horses" }, { "docid": "1628331", "text": "Nico Erik Rosberg (born 27 June 1985) is a German and Finnish entrepreneur and former professional racing driver. He competed in Formula One from 2006 to 2016, winning the World Drivers' Championship in with Mercedes-AMG Petronas Motorsport. The only child of Finnish Formula One World Champion Keke Rosberg and his German wife Sina Rosberg, he was raised primarily in the Principality of Monaco. Rosberg began competitive go-kart racing at the age of six and achieved early success, winning regional and national French championships, before moving to European-based series and world championships. At the age of 16, he progressed to car racing, winning nine races to claim the 2002 Formula BMW ADAC Championship with VIVA Racing. He subsequently moved to the higher-tier Formula 3 Euro Series with Team Rosberg in 2003 and 2004 before winning the inaugural GP2 Series championship with ART Grand Prix in 2005. Rosberg first drove in Formula One with Williams from to and achieved two podium finishes for the team in . For , he moved to Mercedes, partnering fellow German and seven-time world champion Michael Schumacher. Rosberg took his first career win at the . He was the teammate of former karting friend and eventual seven-time World Drivers' Champion, Lewis Hamilton, from to 2016, twice finishing runner-up to his teammate, and in his final season defeating Hamilton to win the 2016 title. He and his father Keke are the second father-son pairing, after Graham and Damon Hill, that have both won World Drivers' Championships. Rosberg announced his retirement from motor racing five days after clinching the title, citing wanting to spend more time with his family and not wanting his driving ability to atrophy as the main factors behind his decision. Overall he competed in 206 Grands Prix, winning 23, securing 57 podium finishes, 30 pole positions, and amassing 1594.5 championship points. In retirement, Rosberg moved into driver management, television punditry, and became an eco-entrepreneur. He was awarded the Laureus World Sports Award for Breakthrough of the Year and was inducted into the FIA Hall of Fame in 2017. Personal background and education Rosberg was born on 27 June 1985 at the Red Cross Hospital in Wiesbaden, West Germany, the only child of Finnish racing driver Keke Rosberg, who won the Formula One World Championship, and German interpreter Gesine \"Sina\" Rosberg (formerly Gleitsmann-Dengel). Because his father is Finnish and his mother is German, Rosberg is a citizen of both countries, competing with a Finnish racing license until after his first season in the Formula 3 Euro Series. He switched to a German license as he felt it was easier to obtain major sponsorship agreements with nationality of a larger country. Rosberg was raised in the Wiesbaden district of Nordenstadt in the first four weeks of his life, before living between the principality of Monaco and the Spanish island of Ibiza. He was educated at the International School of Nice and the International School of Monaco. Rosberg was encouraged to pursue ventures in academia and sports. He", "title": "Nico Rosberg" }, { "docid": "54767235", "text": "Charles Marlow (18141882) was an English jockey of the mid 19th century period, known for his honesty and integrity. He is perhaps best remembered today for his association with Lord Eglington's horse The Flying Dutchman, on which he won the Derby, and St. Leger. He was badly injured during a race in 1855 and when he returned to the saddle he struggled to regain his form. His last years were spent in a workhouse and he died in an asylum. Early years Marlow was born in a hamlet called Thorney Lanes in the parish of Newborough, Staffordshire, about 8 miles west of Burton upon Trent. As a youth he worked in racing stables at Newmarket and Epsom. His first win as a jockey came in 1831 on a horse called Gab at the July Cheltenham meeting, riding at 7st. and later that year, at 6st 12lb, he won a race on Lord Warwick's Water Witch. Marlow settled in Rugeley, Staffordshire, a short distance from the racing stables at Hednesford. The trainers who worked in the area at the time included Thomas Walters, Thomas Carr, William Saunders, Thomas Flintoff, and Samuel Lord. Owners who had their horses in training at Hednesford included Edmund Peel (brother of Sir Robert Peel), Aldermand William Taylor Copeland, Captain Thomas Lamb and Lord Warwick. Marlow rode for many of them and had early wins on Copeland's King Cole in the 1838 Chester Cup, and three days later for Captain Lamb in the Marquis of Westminster's Plate riding Chit Chat. Marlowe continued to ride for Alderman Copeland for several years, primarily in the Staffordshire and midland districts. He rode Copeland's outsider Mustapha Muley in the 1841 Epsom Derby and Combermere the following year, both unplaced. In a review of the 1842 season he was among the country's top winning jockeys. The Flying Dutchman In the 1840s and into the 1850s Marlow had further success in top flight races. In 1844 he won the Royal Hunt Cup at Ascot on Bishop of Romford's Cob; in 1848 he won the Goodwood Cup on Lord Eglinton's Von Tromp and in 1849 the Ascot Gold Cup on the same horse; in 1849 he won both The Derby and the St. Leger on Eglinton's The Flying Dutchman; in 1851 he won the City and Suburban Handicap (Epsom), again on an Eglinton horse called Elthiron, and in 1853 he won The Oaks on Catherine Hayes. The Flying Dutchman is now considered to be one of the top race horses of all times. He was undefeated until 1850 when he came up against Lord Zetland's Voltigeur, the Epsom Derby winner of that year. This was in the Doncaster Cup in a two horse race over two and a half miles; Nat Flatman was on Voltigeur and Marlow on the Dutchman. From the off, Marlow set a remarkable pace but his horse started to tire. This allowed Flatman to ease back in contention and eventually win the race. The result stunned the racing world and", "title": "Charles Marlow (jockey)" }, { "docid": "75621479", "text": "The Winnie Mae is a modified Lockheed 5C Vega flown by Wiley Post during the 1930 National Air Races, winning first place with a time of 9 hours, 9 minutes, and 4 seconds, as well as setting records for the fastest around-the-world flight in 1931, with a time of 8 days, 15 hours, and 51 minutes, the first solo around-the-world flight in 1933, and the flight altitude record in 1934, reaching 50,000 feet. The Winnie Mae was sold to the Smithsonian Institution after Wiley Post's death, where it is currently being displayed at the National Air and Space Museum in Washington D.C. History The Winnie Mae was built in 1930 by the Lockheed Corporation in Burbank, California, with the serial number 122 as a Lockheed 5B model. In June of 1930, Florence C. Hall, an oil baron based in Chickasha, Oklahoma, purchased the Winnie Mae for $22,000 and named it after his daughter. The plane had been intended for personal use and Hall's personal pilot, Wiley Post, would pilot the aircraft. On August 27th, 1930, with permission from the plane's owner Florence C. Hall, Wiley Post entered the Winnie Mae in the National Air Races. Winning first place in the men's non-stop cross-country derby securing a cash prize of $7,500 and setting a record time of 9 hours, 9 minutes, and 4 seconds; an achievement which was painted on the plane's fuselage. On June 23rd, 1931, Wiley Post along with Australian aviator Harold Gatty acting as navigator departed New York in an attempt to beat the record for the fastest around-the-world flight. After 14 refueling stops they landed back in New York on July 1st, 1931, having completed the circuit in 8 days, 15 hours, and 51 minutes. Being the first to complete an around-the-world flight in a fixed-wing aircraft and beating Hugo Eckener's previous record of 21 days, 5 hours, and 31 minutes in a Zeppelin. After completing the flight, Wiley Post acquired Winnie Mae from Florence C. Hall. On July 8th, 1931, Wiley Post competed in the National Air Races again with the Winnie Mae, being beaten by Jimmy Dolittle in a Laird Super Solution. In 1932, Wiley Post converted the Winne Mae from a Lockheed 5B to a Lockheed 5C model and installed various other modifications. Its Wasp C engine was upgraded with cylinders from a Wasp C1, increasing the horsepower from 420 to 500. Its fixed-pitch propeller was upgraded to a Smith 450-SI variable-pitch propeller, and the wing's angle of incidence was decreased by 10 degrees to increase the plane's airspeed by approximately 10 MPH (16 KPH). In 1933, Wiley Post installed a Sperry gyroscopic autopilot, a fairly new invention at the time, and added six auxiliary fuel tanks in preparation for his solo around-the-world flight, giving the Winnie Mae a fuel capacity of 645 gallons. On July 15th, 1933, Wiley Post departed Floyd Bennett Airfield, New York, in the Winnie Mae on what would become the first solo around-the-world flight. At 11:58 A.M. (AKST) on", "title": "Winnie Mae" }, { "docid": "71471522", "text": "Mars Horizon is a 2020 videogame by Auroch Digital about the Space Race and exploration of space in general, including the proposed first manned mission to Mars. Gameplay The player first selects a space agency: USA, ESA, Soviet Union (later Russia), China, and Japan. Public support determines the agency’s budget, and a tech tree unlocks missions, buildings, and rocket parts. The missions are milestones from the space race, such as launching the first satellite, the first human to outer space, the first probes to the various planets in the Solar System, the Moon landing, and so on. During these missions the player must complete minigames to progress the mission. While these mini-games occur, the player is given quotas they must fulfill by trading resources (such as navigation, communications, power, and data) for others, facing increasingly difficult quotas with more factors used for trading resources to the mini-games added the further the player progresses, including radiation, heat, and drift. If these quotas aren’t met the mission will fail. The later stages of the game focus on proposed missions that have not been achieved yet, such as the first sample-return mission from Mars. The game ends with the first human mission to Mars, with the agency that completes this first automatically winning. Creation Mars Horizon is the result of a cooperation between Auroch Digital and the European Space Agency and the UK Space Agency. The development team stayed in facilities in Germany and the Netherlands, receiving firsthand experience on the development of space programs, specifically the ongoing projects to reach Mars. The interviews included staff from the ExoMars mission. Staff members from ESA provided in turn technical assistance, gameplay advice, and testing. Reception Mars Horizon received mixed reviews on Metacritic. Joe Robinson from PCGamesN praised the success in capturing the wonder of space exploration with a strict hard science fiction approach, which he only saw at Kerbal Space Program (KSP). He pointed that the main difference was that in KSP the player flies the ships himself, while in Mars Horizon the game just jumps between screens, menus, and cutscene videos. Elizabeth Howell from Space.com praised the presence of an aerospace engineering technology tree. She also considered that the game does a good job of adapting the history of space exploration, although it fails to make it clear that only the United States and Russia were significant researchers of it during its early days. She also considers that the gameplay makes the player face the hardships that real space agencies must face, such as the risk of expensive ships being damaged by unforeseen issues. Sequel Auroch Digital announced a sequel titled Mars Horizon 2: The Search for Life, to be released in 2024. It would feature different space agencies that would be either rivals or allies, and the focus would be on the search for extraterrestrial life. Planetary scientist Konstantin Batygin joined the design team to provide feedback on the details of the real-life search for life on Mars, to ensure that the", "title": "Mars Horizon" }, { "docid": "73633731", "text": "The 1978 Pocono 500, the 8th running of the event, was held at the Pocono Raceway in Long Pond, Pennsylvania, on Sunday, June 25, 1978. Branded as the 1978 Schaefer 500 for sponsorship reasons, the race was won by Al Unser who one month earlier had won the Indianapolis 500. Two months later, Unser won the California 500 to become the only driver to win all three of IndyCar's Triple Crown of 500 mile races in the same year. Practice A major bump in turn two, \"The Tunnel Turn,\" formed where a new asphalt patch met the old asphalt. On Tuesday night, former Indianapolis track superintendent, Clarence Cagle, oversaw a cement dust veneer meant to smooth the transition. An early morning rain caused the cement to be very slick in Wednesday's practice, which forced practice to be stopped for the cement to be scraped off. The bump was blamed for a suspension failure on Gordon Johncock's car which caused a minor crash. Criticism from drivers abounded that the repairs did nothing and the bumps were worse than they ever were. Referring to Pocono's past history as a spinach farm, Pancho Carter caused controversy when he said \"this country lost a lot when they took the spinach out of here. That second turn is so bad, they're probably growing spinach in there. It's like going down an expressway and you hit a two-inch overlay. The car just goes up in the air.\" This angered Clarence Cagle, who oversaw repaving of the turn six weeks before the race. \"I'm insulted and I guarantee in the next 24 hours I'll have a talk with him... If I thought the track was that dangerous, I'd close this place down in a minute.\" On Wednesday night after practice, Cagle and the track crew went to work to further smooth the bump. Time Trials Day one of qualifying was held on Thursday. Danny Ongais posted a two lap average of 190.315 mph to win the pole. He was joined on the front row by Tom Sneva and Johnny Rutherford. Formula One points leader Mario Andretti posted the sixth fastest time. Sheldon Kinser hit the wall and suffered damage to the right front. His car was repaired to qualify on day two. Larry Rice crashed and withdrew from the race when his car could not be repaired. 26 cars qualified for the race on day one. On day two, only four cars completed qualifying runs. Officials faced the possibility of having the first 500-mile race since 1928 with less than a full field of 33 cars. Qualifying was extended an extra 30 minutes past the 6:00 p.m. deadline to give an opportunity for small teams with mechanical problems to prepare their cars for an attempt. None of the cars were able to make an attempt. Of the four cars still at the track, but unable to make a run, a random draw was held to see which three would be invited to start the race. Bill Vukovich", "title": "1978 Pocono 500" }, { "docid": "73681312", "text": "HaMerotz LaMillion 9 is the upcoming ninth season of HaMerotz LaMillion (, lit. The Race to the Million), an Israeli reality competition show based on the American series The Amazing Race, and the first installment of Channel 12's iteration of the show. Hosted by Yehuda Levi, replacing Ron Shahar who hosted the previous seasons of the show, it will feature teams of two, each with a pre-existing relationship, in a race around the world to win ₪1,000,000. The season was set to premiere in 2024, although the premiere date was delayed by the Israel-Hamas war. Production Development and filming During finale press for the previous season, Ron Shahar said that due to the COVID-19 pandemic production for a subsequent season would happen after the countries to which the show would visit had sufficient vaccinated populations. Shahar reiterated that filming for a new season would happen as soon as possible in an interview after his elimination from The Singer in the Mask a year later. In October 2022, Channel 13 announced that it would be producing a local version of Peking Express instead of new seasons of HaMerotz LaMillion due to high production costs, with Peking Express estimated to cost 1.1 million shekels per episode rather than 1.5 million shekels for each episode of HaMerotz LaMillion. On 11 November 2022, Channel 12 announced that it had acquired the rights to HaMerotz LaMillion and would be filming a new season in 2023. On 12 March 2023, Yehuda Levi was announced as the new host of HaMerotz LaMillion. Filming began in May 2023. On 14 May 2023, racers were spotted in Málaga, Spain. This season also includes first-time visits to Iceland and the Arab world with Morocco. Filming concluded in Queenstown, New Zealand in early June. Casting Casting for the season opened on 24 November 2022. Within a month, over 6,000 people had applied for the show. The cast was finalized in April 2023. Release Broadcast The season was slated to release in early 2024; however, news coverage of the Israel–Hamas war delayed the programming blocks for Channel 12. Cast The cast includes Bnot Brak cast member Esti Socolovski, Tnuva vice chairman Guy Rosen, and Yiftach Ramon, son of Space Shuttle Columbia disaster victim Ilan Ramon. Race summary Future legs Iceland Morocco New Zealand Gibbston (Kawarau Gorge Suspension Bridge) Queenstown (Kerry Drive Jump Park) Queenstown (Lake Johnson) Queenstown (Queenstown Hill) Queenstown (Village Green) Spain Málaga (Málaga Airport) Málaga (Plaza de la Merced) References HaMerotz LaMillion seasons Upcoming television seasons Television shows filmed in Iceland Television shows filmed in Spain Television shows filmed in Morocco Television shows filmed in New Zealand", "title": "HaMerotz LaMillion 9" }, { "docid": "16032729", "text": "C'est La Guerre (foaled 8 October 2004) is a New Zealand Thoroughbred racehorse who on 1 March 2008 won the New Zealand Derby by four lengths, the largest winning margin of the race in ten years. A son of Shinko King, C'est La Guerre was trained in Wanganui by part-owner Kevin Myers, who deserves plenty of the credit for the horse's Derby triumph. Myers trained and placed the horse brilliantly throughout the Derby campaign, having the horse at his absolute peak on Derby day after raising some eyebrows with a route that was unconventional to say the least. As the horse passed the finish line in the Derby, the astute trainer was vindicated as commentator George Simon labelled him a \"deadset genius\". C'est La Guerre had his first start at Woodville on 22 October, winning a maiden three-year-old event over 1400m comfortably. In mid-November he appeared again, this time in a premier-quality race during New Zealand Cup Week at Riccarton Park, and again impressively won over 1400m. After the perfect start to his career, things went slightly wrong in his Derby campaign. In his next start at Awapuni he was blocked 250m from home when making what looked like potentially a winning late run, and suffered the same fate in the Group 2 Great Northern Guineas on Boxing Day when finishing 2.9 lengths behind Prince Kaapstad (who two months later was runner-up to C'est La Guerre in the Derby). As a result, he had an 8th and a 7th in his formline that did no justice to the horse's performances. He went back to his winning way at Hastings on 25 January, and then somewhat surprisingly was taken to the country track Wairoa for his next start on 13 February. His win in the $20,000 Wairoa Cup was disturbingly narrow for a Derby contender, but in hindsight the horse was probably well short of the peak he eventually reached on 1 March. With another run over distance (for second against older horses at Otaki) under his belt, he travelled to Ellerslie for the Derby and was rated a $15 chance. That dropped to $10 when there was some substantial rain on the morning of the race, as he had proven himself to be proficient on rain-affected ground earlier in his career. Given a perfect ride by regular rider David Walker, C'est La Guerre exploded to the lead early in the home straight and raced clear of Prince Kaapstad and Fritzy Boy, passing the line with ears pricked four lengths clear of the runner-up. It was a spectacular performance against a field rated among the best Derby fields in recent years. C'est La Guerre's first run since the Derby was in another unusual race, finishing second over 1400m in an $11,000 open handicap at another country track in Blenheim. Ironically, the following day saw two horses who were unplaced in the New Zealand Derby, Nom du Jeu and Red Ruler, quinella the Australian Derby on a wet track. Australian career In", "title": "C'est La Guerre" }, { "docid": "59790973", "text": "This is a list of the Tour de Ski women's overall winners. The Tour de Ski is an annual cross-country skiing event held annually since the 2006–07 season in Central Europe, modeled on the Tour de France of cycling. The Tour de Ski is a Stage World Cup event in the FIS Cross-Country World Cup. Each Tour de Ski has consisted of six to nine stages, held during late December and early January in the Czech Republic, Germany, Italy, and Switzerland. The skier with the lowest aggregate time at the end of each day wears the gold bib, representing the leader of the overall standings. There are one other bib as well: the silver bib, worn by the leader of the point standings. Justyna Kowalczyk has won the most Tours with four. She is the only skier to win four consecutive Tours. Charlotte Kalla is the youngest winner of the women's Tour; she won in 2007–08, 20 years and 168 days old. Marit Bjørgen is the oldest winner, having been 34 years, 295 days old when she won the 2015 edition. Norwegian skiers have won the most Tours with seven; Four Norwegian female skiers have won. The most recent winner is Jessie Diggins, who won her second title of the Tour de Ski in 2023–24 edition. History The Tour de Ski was established in 2006 by FIS, after ideas emerging on a meeting between former Olympic gold medallist Vegard Ulvang and Jürg Capol, the International Ski Federation's (FIS) chief executive officer for cross-country competitions, in Ulvang's sauna in Maridalen, Norway. Their idea was to create a stage competition consisting of different events which they expected would lead to several days of continuous excitement before the most complete skiers would become Tour de Ski champions. Jürg Capol stated that FIS originally wished to start the race in the Alps. However, as neither Austria or Switzerland were interested, the opening two stages were to be held in Nové Město na Moravě in the Czech Republic. A week before the Tour was due to start, FIS announced that snow conditions in Nové Město were not good enough, and cancelled the two races there. The first Tour de Ski therefore opened with a sprint race in Munich on 31 December 2006, and was won by Marit Bjørgen (NOR). Skiers from France, Germany and Norway, among others, said that the Tour de Ski was among their targets for the 2006–07 season, with Norwegian skier Jens Arne Svartedal claiming that the winner would have \"extreme respect\" for winning such an extreme race. Virpi Kuitunen (FIN) was the first women's overall winners of the Tour. Kuitunen won two of the six stages on her path to victory. After the first Tour de Ski, reactions among athletes were largely positive. Norwegian athletes said \"it was a good concept\", German winner Tobias Angerer claimed that the Tour de Ski \"has a great future\", Oberstdorf in Bavaria was originally scheduled to host two stages, but cancelled as the German Ski", "title": "List of Tour de Ski women's overall winners" }, { "docid": "34790135", "text": "The Amazing Race 4 (also known as The Amazing Race: Edição Brasil (; ) and The Amazing Race on Space 2) is the fourth installment of the Latin American reality television game show The Amazing Race. Edição Brasil is the second season to be aired on the channel, Space, in association with Disney Media Networks Latin America. It featured eleven teams of two, with a pre-existing relationship, in a race across Latin America to win US$250,000. On July 13, 2012, Brazilian model and actor Paulo Zulu was announced as the new host of the show, replacing Harris Whitbeck. The show premiered with a two-hour episode on Space Brazil on 7 October 2012 at 7:00 p.m. (UTC-3) and for the rest of Latin America on 9 October 2012 at 9:00 p.m. (UTC-3). The season finale aired on Space Brazil on 23 December 2012 at 7:00 p.m. (UTC-3) and for the rest of Latin America on 25 December 2012 at 9:00 p.m. (UTC-3). Friends from Ribeirão Preto Daniel Belém and César Curti were the winners of this season. Production Development and filming Space greenlit the fourth season of the series in late December 2011. Filming for this fourth season took place from 28 July 2012 to 16 August 2012. The show was broadcast in high-definition television on Space HD. Filming for the fourth season lasted for 22 days and covered nearly . This fourth season spanned three countries in one continent, all of them previously visited (Bolivia, Brazil and Peru). This was the first Latin American season to not feature a Fast Forward or a Yield. None of the teams were present at the Finish Line. Casting Applications for this season were opened only for Brazilians on 31 December 2011 and closed on 1 March 2012. Marketing Sponsors for this season are BlackBerry, PromPeru, OLX, Rexona, Totto and Volkswagen. The sponsors played a major role in the series by providing prizes and integrating their products into various tasks. Cast This season was composed solely of Brazilian teams, making this season the second race to only have teams from Brazil, only after A Corrida Milionária. The cast includes Mister International 2011 winner César Curti and his friend Daniel, twins and triathletes Ci & Lu, and the series first mother/son team: Ciça & Zezão. Results The following teams participated in the season, with their relationships at the time of filming. Note that this table is not necessarily reflective of all content broadcast on television due to inclusion or exclusion of some data. Placements are listed in finishing order: Key A team placement indicates that the team was eliminated. A indicates that the team decided to use the Express Pass on that leg. An team placement indicates that the team came in last on a non-elimination leg and had to perform a Speed Bump in the next leg. An indicates that the team was penalized for finishing last in the Starting Line task and were subject to an automatic U-Turn at the first Detour. A", "title": "The Amazing Race 4 (Latin American season)" }, { "docid": "51066378", "text": "Margot Lee Shetterly (born June 30, 1969) is an American nonfiction writer who has also worked in investment banking and media startups. Her first book, Hidden Figures: The American Dream and the Untold Story of the Black Women Who Helped Win the Space Race (2016), is about African-American women mathematicians working at NASA who were instrumental to the success of the United States space program. She sold the movie rights while still working on the book, and it was adapted as a feature film of the same name, Hidden Figures (2016). For several years Shetterly and her husband lived and worked in Mexico, where they founded and published Inside Mexico, a magazine directed to English-speaking readers. Early life and education Margot Lee was born in 1969 in Hampton, Virginia. Her father named Robert Lee III worked as a research scientist at NASA's Langley Research Center, and her mother named Margaret G. Lee was an English professor at the historically black Hampton University. Lee grew up knowing many African-American families with members who worked at NASA. She attended Phoebus High School in 1975 and graduated from the University of Virginia's McIntire School of Commerce. Career After college, she moved to New York and worked several years in investment banking, first on the Foreign Exchange trading desk at J.P. Morgan, then on Merrill Lynch's Fixed Income Capital Markets desk. She shifted to the media industry, working at a variety of startup ventures, including the HBO-funded website Volume.com. In 2005, Shetterly and her husband moved to Mexico to found an English-language magazine called Inside Mexico. Directed to the numerous English-speaking expats in the country, it operated until 2009. From 2010 through 2013, the couple worked as content marketing and editorial consultants to the Mexican tourism industry. Shetterly began researching and writing Hidden Figures in 2010. In 2014, she sold the film rights to the book to William Morrow, an imprint of HarperCollins, and it was optioned by Donna Gigliotti of Levantine Films. The book and feature film adaptation were both released in 2016. The film stars Taraji P. Henson, Octavia Spencer, Janelle Monáe, and Kevin Costner. It was nominated for several awards, including three Oscar nominations (Best Picture, Best Adapted Screenplay and Best Supporting Actress for Octavia Spencer). In 2013, Shetterly founded The Human Computer Project, an organization whose mission is to archive the work of all of the women who worked as computers and mathematicians in the early days of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). In 2018, Shetterly published a children's picture book, Hidden Figures: The True Story of Four Black Women and the Space Race. The book was illustrated by Laura Freeman. Personal life Margot Lee married Aran Shetterly, a writer and historian. Works Hidden Figures: The Story of the African-American Women Who Helped Win the Space Race. William Morrow/HarperCollins, 2016. . NASA-Langley Women's History Month 2014 Keynote: \"Hidden Figures: The Female Mathematicians of NACA and NASA\" Hidden Figures: The True", "title": "Margot Lee Shetterly" }, { "docid": "3063530", "text": "The 2005 ProTour was the first year of the newly introduced UCI ProTour system, in which the ProTour teams are guaranteed, and obliged to, participate in the series of ProTour races. In certain ways the ProTour replaced the UCI Road World Cup series of one-day races, which in 2004 was won by one-day specialist Paolo Bettini for the third time in a row. The beginning of the ProTour saw difficult negotiations with the organizers of the Grand Tours, the Tour de France, the Giro d'Italia and the Vuelta a España. Spring classics Following tradition, had a strong showing in the early season, with a commanding control of the season opener Paris–Nice, placing American Bobby Julich on the top step of the General classification, combining his strong prologue individual time trial performance and good placing in the Mont Faron queen stage. Sprinter Alessandro Petacchi shed some weight over the winter and built up a strong base to win the classic Milan–San Remo convincingly, leading to speculation that he will be the undisputed Italian team leader for the World Cycling Championship in Madrid later in the season. Belgian sprinter Tom Boonen of showed that he was the strongest kasseinfretter, or cobble-eater, by winning both the Tour of Flanders and Paris–Roubaix cobbled classics, propelling him to the top of the UCI ProTour rankings and thus earning him the white leaders jersey. As the spring classics campaign continues, Bettini was plagued with injuries, but fellow one-day specialist Danilo Di Luca of found his best form in years and won the Tour of the Basque Country race. With his confidence boosted, he topped his form with wins in both La Flèche Wallonne and the Amstel Gold Race, leading many to speculate that he would also win the Liège–Bastogne–Liège. However, Jens Voigt committed himself to long breakaways in both la Flèche and Liège, and in the later race was joined by Kazakh Alexander Vinokourov. Together they managed to keep the peloton behind, and Voigt was beaten in the final sprint by Vinokourov. Grand tours Having earned the ProTour white leader's jersey, Di Luca further increased his lead with a stage win and fourth place in the general classification of the 2005 Giro d'Italia, joining Gilberto Simoni of in igniting the queen mountain stage of Sestriere. The same race also saw Damiano Cunego, who finished at the top UCI ranking last year, fall ill. In the end, the descending skills and strong form of Paolo Savoldelli earned him the maglia rosa in Milan. The 2005 Tour de France again brought Lance Armstrong to the win, extending his record for consecutive Tour wins to 7. Despite promises of igniting the race with the trio of Jan Ullrich, Andreas Klöden and Vinokourov, the failed to wrestle the race control from Armstrong's Discovery team, and allegations flew abound of internal dispute within the team. Instead Ivan Basso showed himself as a main contender, though he never seemed to pressure Armstrong. As in the previous editions, Armstrong's team launched a vicious", "title": "2005 UCI ProTour" }, { "docid": "5777607", "text": "Roger Rager (September 3, 1948 – February 16, 2022) was an American racing driver in the USAC and CART Championship Car series. Early life Rager was born on September 3, 1948, in Lincoln, Nebraska. When he was four years old he ran a \"space ship\" go-kart around a track during an intermission for a race program that included his dad, Bob, at the Nebraska State Fair in Lincoln. At age 14, Rager purchased a stock car for $35 and raced at a local track. He later moved to Lincoln and raced on weekends. His first sprint win was at Jefferson County Speedway in Nebraska. Career Rager enjoyed numerous milestones as a sprint car racer in the early 1970s. He won many races all over the country and also was the United States captain for a sprint car team competing in South Africa in 1973. He returned to North America and moved to the Twin Cities in the mid-1970s. It was about that time that Rager also set a world record for the fastest lap on a one-mile dirt track, piloting a spring car without a wing. He also won the points championship at the famed Knoxville track. He would become the only driver to win at Knoxville in the 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, 1990s and 2000s. Rager had many accomplishments as a sprint car racer, but he changed his race focus to the Indy Car series in the late 1970s. Rager started running some USAC events in 1976 and made his first Indy 500 qualifying attempt in 1977. His qualifying run ended in a crash at 190 mph. Despite running on a small budget against some million dollar race teams, Rager just missed qualifying at the Brickyard by one spot in 1979. He did make the Indy 500 field in 1980 with the 10th fastest qualifying time. \"I had A. J. Foyt on the outside of my (fourth) row, so I thought I would follow him and he actually was slowing me down,\" Rager said of the legendary racer. Rager not only was leading Foyt, but the entire Indy 500 field for two laps. Rager finished his Indy Car career with six top 10 finishes in 23 starts in USAC or CART events. He was also a USAC Rookie of the Year in 1980. Rager's focus returned to sprint car racing in the mid-1980s when he was asked to drive for a guy at the speedway in Jackson, Minn. He also left the Twin Cities and purchased a resort on Loon Lake, just west of Pequot Lakes, in 1988. Rager's time in a sprint car started to dwindle as he focused much of his time on building up the resort. He eventually took time off from racing. Shortly before turning 50, he received an offer to drive a sprint car at Cedar Lake Speedway in Wisconsin. \"I finally said I would drive one time, but I finished second in the heat and feature,\" he recalled. \"I figured if it's still this", "title": "Roger Rager" }, { "docid": "1827878", "text": "A criterium, or crit, is a bike race consisting of several laps around a closed circuit, the length of each lap or circuit ranging from about 400 m to 10,000 m. Overview Race length can be determined by a number of laps or total time, in which case the number of remaining laps is calculated as the race progresses. Generally the event's duration (commonly one hour) is shorter than that of a traditional road race — which can last many hours, sometimes over the course of several days or even weeks, as in a Grand Tour. However, the average speed and intensity are appreciably higher. The winner is the first rider to cross the finish line without having been \"lapped\". Events often have prizes (called primes and are usually cash) for winning specific intermediate laps (for instance, every 10th lap). A bell is usually rung to announce to the riders that whoever wins the next lap, wins the prime. Success in road criteriums requires a mix of good technical skills — in particular, the ability to corner smoothly while holding the line on the road, as well as rapidly and sharply — and riding safely with a large group on a short circuit and exceptional \"sprint\" ability to attack other riders and repeatedly accelerate hard from corners. Criteriums are relatively easy to organise, do not require a large amount of space, and are good for live spectators as they allow them to see the riders pass by many times. They are the most common type of bicycle racing in the continental United States. They are also gaining popularity as a format for mountain bike events. Belgium's Flanders region hosts a number of criteriums, as does the Netherlands. The most notable of these are held in late July and early August, just after the Tour de France. However, criteriums in Europe are mostly held in the format of a points race. First, second, and third rider at every 5th lap gets 3, 2, 1 points respectively, with double points for the final sprint. It was a long tradition that after the Tour these criteriums were fixed to have favourable results for local favourites, who may be participating for show after having ridden in a larger race such as the Tour de France. Equipment Racing bicycles used for Criteriums often have subtle, but significantly different geometry from those used in other mass-start, multi stage road race events. A Tour bicycle frameset's emphasis is on tracking plus stability while the Criterium-centric geometry strives to achieve stability and balance it with agility. Consequently Criterium racers will often choose bicycles with: a wheelbase shortened as much as possible, for increased turning ability, with the shortest chainstays possible, and a slightly shortened top tube (often causing some toe overlap with the front wheel on smaller frame sizes). forks with increased rake to reduce trail. Bikes with reduced trail handle more responsively, albeit at the cost of stability. slightly shorter cranks (145–170 mm), often slightly higher bottom", "title": "Criterium" }, { "docid": "497663", "text": "Footfall is a 1985 science fiction novel by American writers Larry Niven and Jerry Pournelle. The book depicts the arrival of members of an alien species called the Fithp that have traveled to the Solar System from Alpha Centauri in a large spacecraft driven by a Bussard ramjet. Their intent is conquest of the planet Earth. Plot The alien Fithp resemble baby elephants with multiple prehensile trunks. They possess more advanced technology than humans, but did not develop any of it on their own. In the distant past on their planet, another species was dominant. The predecessor species badly damaged the environment, rendering itself and many other species extinct, but left behind their knowledge inscribed on large stone cubes from which the Fithp gained their technology. An arms race between two rival herds threatened to render the species extinct, so they wagered to see who would depart in a starship and seek a new home elsewhere. The leadership of the loser formed the Chtaptisk Fithp ('Traveling Herd'). The herd was divided into \"Sleepers\" and the \"Spaceborn\", as the starship is both a generation ship and a sleeper ship. The original leaders are subordinate to the Spaceborn, who are prepared to start a space-based civilization, but are still dedicated to the generations-old goal of conquest. The Fithp are herd creatures and fight wars differently from humans. When two herds meet, they fight until it is evident which is dominant. Fighting then ceases, and the losers are incorporated into the winning herd. The Fithp are confused by human attempts at peaceful contact. Upon arrival, they attack the Soviet space station, the country still being a world superpower, where Soviets and Americans wait to greet them. They proceed to destroy military sites and important infrastructure on Earth. US Congressman Wes Dawson and Soviet cosmonauts are captured from the ruins of the space station. The human characters fall into two major groups: those on Earth and those who are taken aboard the Fithp spaceship as captives. Civilians are used to show the effects of the war on day-to-day life in the US, and military and government personnel convey a more strategic overview of events. Science fiction writers are employed as technical advisers on alien technology and behavior; the characters are based on real writers, including Niven (\"Nat Reynolds\"), Pournelle (\"Wade Curtis\"), and Robert Anson Heinlein (\"Bob Anson\"). After their initial assault, the Fithp land ground forces in the center of North America, primarily in and around Kansas. They initially repel attacks with orbital lasers and kinetic energy weapons, but a combined Soviet and US nuclear attack wipes out their beachhead. The Fithp, who are familiar with nuclear weapons, but prefer to use cleaner ones, are shocked by what they consider the barbarity of humans' willingness to \"sow radioactive fire on their own croplands\". The Fithp respond to the defeat of their invasion by dropping a large asteroid into the Indian Ocean, whose impact results in environmental damage on a global scale, particularly the almost", "title": "Footfall" }, { "docid": "58481953", "text": "The UAE Tour () are road cycling stage races in the United Arab Emirates. A men's event was first held in 2019 as part of the UCI World Tour. It was created as a result of the merging of the Abu Dhabi Tour and the Dubai Tour. A women's event was first held in 2023 as part of the UCI Women's World Tour. History The Dubai Tour was first held in 2014, with the Abu Dhabi Tour first held in 2015. The Abu Dhabi Tour joined the UCI World Tour calendar in 2017. In September 2018, the organisers of both races announced their intent to merge, resulting in the UAE Tour, a longer race that would use stages from both events. The first edition of the race took place between 24 February and 2 March 2019 as part of the 2019 UCI World Tour. The 2020 UAE Tour was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, with the last two stages cancelled and teams quarantined before being able to leave the country. Women's race In January 2023, organisers announced that a women's race would be held for the first time, as part of the UCI Women's World Tour. This was first staged over 4 days in early February 2023, prior to the men's race. Route The race uses similar stages to that of the Abu Dhabi Tour and Dubai Tour - a combination of flat sprint stages and mountain stages using climbs such as Jebel Jais and Jebel Hafeet. Stages in the open desert can be affected by crosswinds. A time trial is also usually part of the route, with the 2019 and 2023 editions featuring a team time trial. The Jebel Jais climb is usually considered the queen stage of the Tour, with of climbing at 5%, with some 7% in the last . Winners Elite Men Wins per country Elite Women Wins per country See also Dubai Tour Abu Dhabi Tour References External links Official website UCI World Tour races Cycle races in the United Arab Emirates Recurring sporting events established in 2019 2019 establishments in the United Arab Emirates UAE Tour Women", "title": "UAE Tour" }, { "docid": "65068125", "text": "Sir Charles (foaled 1816) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse and an important sire in the early development of the breed in North America. In 1830, he became the first horse to earn the title of Leading sire in North America, followed by wins in 1831, 1832, 1833 and 1836. Background Sir Charles was a chestnut stallion bred in Virginia by James J. Harrison and foaled at Harrison's Diamond Grove plantation in Brunswick County. He was sired by Sir Archy, who is generally regarded as the first great American-bred racehorse and sire. In addition to Sir Charles, Sir Archy sired Bertrand (who also became a leading sire) and Timoleon (the sire of Boston who in turn sired the great Lexington). Sir Archy was by Diomed, who won the first Epsom Derby in 1780 but had little success at stud in England. Imported into America in 1798 at the advanced age of 21, Diomed proved himself \"utterly revolutionary\" as a stallion in his new country. His sire line dominated the North American breeding lists through the 19th century. Little is known about the dam of Sir Charles, a mare by Citizen. She is a member of American Family 19, which descends from Jenny Dismal, imported from England in 1756. Jenny Dismal is thought to descend from Sister to Leedes, though this is not documented in the English Stud Book. Racing career Sir Charles won twenty times from twenty six starts, and finished second four times. He raced mainly in the heat races that were the fashion of the time, at distances ranging from two to four miles. In heat racing, a horse had to win two heats on the same day to be considered the winner of the race. If different horses won the first two heats, a third heat was required to determine the winner. His wins were broken down by distance as \"four at four-mile heats, four of three-mile heats, six of two-mile heats, in six, distances not given.\" Sir Charles' last race was his most famous, even though it was a loss. Sir Charles was considered the champion of the South and American Eclipse was the champion of the North. Harrison issued a challenge to the owner of Eclipse on September 30, 1822, referring to Sir Charles as \"this Golden horse, that commanded the wind to stand still, and all creation to bend before him,\" while conceding that Eclipse was said to be a fine horse who \"would be benefitted [sic] by southern fame\". The two were set to race on November 22 at the Washington, D.C. course in the first of what became a series of North-South challenge races. Sir Charles \"struck a tendon\" the day before the race and Harrison had to pay a $5,000 forfeit. Harrison agreed to one heat, which American Eclipse then won with ease. Stud career After retirement from racing, Sir Charles was purchased by Col. William Ransom Johnson of Chesterfield County, Virginia, who owned the Oaklands plantation on the Appomattox River. Sir", "title": "Sir Charles (horse)" }, { "docid": "369734", "text": "Cardigan Bay was a New Zealand harness racing pacer foaled 1 September 1956. Affectionately known as \"Cardy\", he was the first Standardbred to win US$1 million in prize money in North America. He was the ninth horse worldwide to win one million dollars, (the first eight were Thoroughbreds). Cardigan Bay won races in New Zealand, Australia, Canada and the United States. Along with his arch-rival, American champion of the day, Bret Hanover, he has a legitimate claim of being one of the truly great Standardbred racehorses. Cardigan Bay became an overnight sensation in the United States, and appeared with Stanley Dancer on The Ed Sullivan Show as the \"million dollar horse\". Breeding Cardigan Bay was foaled at Mataura in the Southland Region of the South Island of New Zealand. As you drive into Mataura from Gore, there is a sign on the road proclaiming Mataura as the birthplace of Cardigan Bay. He was a first crop foal by a leading sire, Hal Tryax (USA) and his dam Colwyn Bay was by Josedale Dictator (USA). Cardigan Bay was a brother to Thule Bay and a half-brother to Brides Bay. Racing career He began racing in the South Island of New Zealand and gained his first stake money in a saddle pace on a grass track, when narrowly beaten into second. Ascending rapidly to the top level, he went on to win many of New Zealand's major open class races including the New Zealand Trotting Cup, a pacing race despite the name, and the Auckland Cup (from a 78 yard handicap). His driver in New Zealand was Peter Wolfenden, who became the country's number one driver during the 1970s. Cardigan Bay even won a major race at Addington Raceway in Christchurch while the grandstand there was on fire. A photo of this race is considered one of the great iconic images in the history of horse racing. While racing in Australasia, Cardigan Bay also notably won an Inter Dominion Pacing Championship final in Adelaide, Australia. Yet impressive as all this was, it was only a prelude to an illustrious North American career fashioned in his later years that eventually saw him become the first pacer worldwide to achieve lifetime earnings of $1 million (US). 1960-61 season After winning at Forbury Park, Dunedin in April 1961 Cardigan Bay was sold to Merv and Audrey Dean of Auckland for £2500. His record at that time was 12 starts for 5 wins and 2 second places. 1961-62 season In the spring and early summer of 1961-62 Cardigan Bay continued a winning sequence begun late the previous season before his sale to the Deans. He won the New Zealand Free For All at Addington during a grandstand fire and won the Auckland Pacing Cup which was his 10th consecutive win, equalling the New Zealand record, before finishing fifth to Samantha in the Champion Hcp during the Auckland Cup carnival. He then travelled to Australia to compete in the Inter Dominion Championships at Gloucester Park, Perth, Western", "title": "Cardigan Bay (horse)" }, { "docid": "451814", "text": "Alberto Juantorena (born 3 December 1950) is a Cuban former runner. He is the only athlete to win both the 400 and 800 m Olympic titles, which he achieved in 1976. He was ranked as world's best runner in the 400 m in 1974 and 1976–1978, and in the 800 m in 1976–77, and was chosen as the Track & Field News Athlete of the Year in 1976 and 1977. Biography Early sports activities As a 14-year-old, Juantorena was first considered a potential star at basketball; he was sent to a state basketball school, and was a member of the national team. Meanwhile, he had been a regional high-school champion at 800 and 1500 meters. His running talent was discovered by a Polish track coach, Zygmunt Zabierzowski, who convinced him to start running seriously. Juantorena was ready for the change because as he states himself he was a 'bad' basketball player and his idol was the Cuban sprinter Enrique Figuerola. Only a year later, Juantorena reached the semifinals of the 400 m event at the 1972 Summer Olympics, missing a place in the final by 0.05 seconds. Juantorena proceeded to win a gold medal at the 1973 World University Games and a silver at the 1975 Pan American Games, both in the 400 meters. He was unbeaten in 1973 and 1974, but underwent two operations on his foot in 1975. He only seriously took up running the 800 meters in 1976, so few thought he was a candidate for the Olympic gold that year. His coach, Zabierzowski, had initially tricked him in to trying an 800 m race by convincing him the other runners needed a pacemaker. Olympics 1976 Juantorena made it to the 800m Olympic final, and led the field for most of the race, eventually winning in a world record time of 1:43.50. He was the first non-English speaking athlete to win Olympic gold in this event. Three days later, he also won the 400 meter final, setting a low-altitude world record at 44.26. By winning the 400 meters, he became the first athlete since Paul Pilgrim at the 1906 Intercalated Games to do such a double at an Olympic sports event, and was the only man to do so at an officially recognized Olympics. Subsequent athletics career In 1977, he set another world record in the 800, running 1:43.44 in Sofia at the World University Games. He also won both the 400 m and 800 m at the 1977 IAAF World Cup. The 400 m race was mired in controversy when the race was re-run a day after the initial race, in which Juantorena finished third, because Juantorena lodged a successful protest that his slow start had been due to not being able to hear the starter's gun. The latter race featured an epic duel with his great rival Kenya's Mike Boit, a duel that did not happen at the previous year's Olympics because of the African countries boycott. Juantorena, now known at home as El Caballo", "title": "Alberto Juantorena" }, { "docid": "19256618", "text": "Determine (April 7, 1951 – September 27, 1972), was an American Thoroughbred race horse. In a racing career which lasted from 1953 through 1955, the California-trained colt ran forty-four times and won eighteen races. His best season was 1954 when he became the first gray horse to win the Kentucky Derby. Background Determine was sired by the British stallion Alibhai a son of the 1933 Epsom Derby and St. Leger Stakes winner Hyperion. Alibhai's other progeny included Your Host and Flower Bowl. Determine's dam was Koubis, born with a cleft palate. Her breeder, Dr. Eslie Asbury, used specially designed instruments to repair her palate in a unique operation, but she was never raced. Koubis was a granddaughter of the mare Swing On, the dam of Seabiscuit, and was also related to Equipoise and Intentionally. Bred to Alibhai, Koubis produced a colt so small that the man who bought him for $12,000, a California automobile dealer named Andrew J. Crevolin, said he \"…must have been standing in a hole when he inspected the colt.\" His breeder offered to take him back, but Crevolin refused, explaining that he might be letting a Kentucky Derby winner get away. The colt was sent into training with William Molter in California. Determine, a soft gray in color, grew to a little over fifteen hands and never weighed more than 900 pounds. At the time of his Derby win he was described in the press as being a \"pint-sized colt\" and \"a little package of dynamite\". Racing career In his two-year-old season Determine won prize money which totaled more than double his purchase price. Overall, it was a modest year, but when he turned three, with no break in training from the year before, Determine was always in stakes company and was never out of the money. In more than one race, his small size got him through holes, and his light weight made him nimble in cramped situations. After Determine won the Santa Anita Derby as well as a few other important West Coast stakes races, Crevolin wanted to send him to Kentucky for the Derby. But his trainer, Wille Molter, with a large stable to manage, was reluctant to take the risk, believing that the race was too hard on a young horse so early in the year. Trainer and owner went back and forth over this decision until Determine made it for them by winning more races. He was flown to Kentucky, and in the space of four days ran in two races. On April 27, 1954, he competed in the Derby Trial, running side by side with Hasty Road in the stretch. Determine matched the much larger Hasty Road stride for stride, although Hasty Road won by a head in a new track record time of 1:35 for the mile. The show horse was eleven lengths back. On May 1, Determine, who had been flown in from California shortly before the race, was ridden by Ray York in the 1954 Kentucky Derby.", "title": "Determine" }, { "docid": "6831753", "text": "Orana is a fictional character who appears in comics produced by DC Comics. Orana is a red-haired Amazon who challenges and defeats Princess Diana for the title of Wonder Woman in WW issue #250 (December 1978). Orana adopts the self-imposed title as the \"New Wonder Woman\" and departs Paradise Island for New York City. She is killed in action shortly into her reign and allows Diana to reclaim the role as Wonder Woman. Orana's appearance, mannerisms and storyline served as the inspiration for a future red-haired Wonder Woman, Artemis. Fictional character biography Original prototype character In Wonder Woman #98 (May 1958), which is a retelling of Wonder Woman's origin, a red-haired Amazon named Orana asks Queen Hippolyta if the queen will be fair during the judging of the tournament to determine who will become Wonder Woman. This Orana, however, displays none of the tendencies of the character that appears in Wonder Woman #250–254. Primary character \"Tournament\" – Wonder Woman #250 (1978) Wonder Woman (Diana) receives an urgent message from her mother Queen Hippolyta to return home to Paradise Island. Once Diana arrives she is confronted by a red-haired Amazon warrior named Orana, who issues a challenge to the princess' title as Wonder Woman. Diana protests the challenge but Queen Hippolyta informs her daughter that Orana has every right to call for a new tournament as per the laws laid down by the gods of Olympus. The tournament is a four-day event and its format is based upon the four natural elements of earth, water, air and fire. In addition to Diana and Orana, every able-bodied Amazon warrior signs up to compete for the title of Wonder Woman. As the tournament progresses over four days Diana and Orana use their superior skills to easily overwhelm their fellow Amazon competitors. Though Diana and Orana rival each other physically, it is their individual personalities which set the two Amazon sisters apart. Orana is a brutal fighter who chooses to win by any means necessary. In contrast, Diana displays compassion during the tournament by rescuing other Amazons who become injured during the trials. On the fourth and final day of the tournament only Diana and Orana remain in the competition. The rivals face off in the final event, a race on meteors in space. The red-haired Amazon starts to pull away from Diana, but Orana's efforts to win the race are not without unintended consequences. As Orana races across the meteors she inadvertently kicks the large space rocks through Earth's atmosphere, causing damage to the surface below. Diana realizes the danger and abandons the trial to focus saving the Earth. The Amazon princess masterfully kicks other meteors to deflect the ones that were headed towards Earth. Her efforts are successful, but in doing so, Diana allows Orana to win the race. Queen Hippolyta commends Diana for her heroic actions and proclaims Diana the victor of the tournament, and that as a result, the princess will retain her role as Wonder Woman. However upon returning", "title": "Orana (comics)" }, { "docid": "3684357", "text": "Giovanni Battaglin (born 22 July 1951) is an Italian professional road racing cyclist. The highlight of his career was his overall win in the 1981 Giro d'Italia. He also won the 1981 Vuelta a España. Early years Battaglin was born in Marostica, province of Vicenza. Battaglin won the 1972 Amateur Giro d'Italia and turned professional the following year with the Jollj Ceramica team. Professional career The 1973 Giro d'Italia that began in Verviers in Belgium and was Battaglin's debut in a grand tour. Battaglin immediately showed promise when he finished third on stage four ahead of Eddy Merckx and José Manuel Fuente. By halfway through the race, Battaglin was sitting in second place overall behind Merckx but lost that placing to Felice Gimondi. Still at the age of 21, the neo-pro astonished the cycling world by finishing third in the race. Battaglin would wear the maglia rosa for five days in the 1975 Giro d'Italia as well as several stage wins and wins in smaller stage races. He also won the King of the Mountains jersey in the 1979 Tour de France, even after he received a penalty for testing positive for doping. Battaglin finished third in the 1980 Giro d'Italia. The following year on the tenth stage mountain time trial of the 1981 Vuelta a España which was on the long climb to Sierra Nevada, Battaglin won the stage and took over the leader's jersey. The only threat to Battaglin's lead was Pedro Muñoz. Battaglin and his Inoxpran team withstood the challenge from the Spanish and brought Battaglin to his first grand tour victory. Three days later after Battalin's triumph in Spain on 13 May 1981, he began the 1981 Giro d'Italia. On the 19th stage toward the end of the race, Battaglin won the stage to Mareo and took the maglia rosa from Silvano Contini. He withstood the final test – the final stage's individual time trial to win the race in Verona ahead of Tommy Prim. Battaglin was only the second rider after Eddy Merckx to win the Vuelta-Giro double. In the space of one and a half months, Battaglin won two of the grand tours. Retirement Battaglin retired after the 1984 season. In 1982 Battaglin started a bicycle manufacturing business with the same name, which he runs from Marostica, Italy. In 2002 the company sponsored the Ceramiche Panaria Fiordo squad. Career achievements Major results 1971 Gran Premio Palio del Recioto 1972 Giro d'Italia (amateurs) 1973 Giro del Lazio 1974 Giro dell'Appennino Morrovalle 1975 2 stages in the Giro d'Italia 1 stage in the Volta a Catalunya Giro di Puglia (con 1 vittoria di tappa) Coppa Sabatini 1976 1st Stage 2 Tour de France 1977 Carpineti Gran Premio di Montelupo 1978 Coppa Bernocchi Acicatena 3 stages in the Tour de Suisse 1979 1st Mountains classification Tour de France 1st Overall Tour of the Basque Country 1st Stages & Giro della Provincia di Reggio Calabria 1 stage in the Tour de Suisse Coppa Agostoni Coppa Placci Trofeo Matteotti", "title": "Giovanni Battaglin" }, { "docid": "21633869", "text": "\|} The Johnny Henderson Grand Annual Chase is a Premier Handicap National Hunt steeplechase in Great Britain which is open to horses aged five years or older. It is run on the Old Course at Cheltenham over a distance of about 2 miles (1 mile 7 furlongs and 199 yards, or 3,199 metres), and during its running there are fourteen fences to be jumped. It is a handicap race, and it is scheduled to take place each year during the Cheltenham Festival in March. History The Grand Annual is the oldest race at the Festival, and it is also the oldest chase in the present National Hunt calendar. It was first run in April 1834, and it was initially contested over three miles of open country at Andoversford, near Cheltenham. The race was discontinued in the 1860s, but it was revived at the turn of the century. During the early 1900s it took place at several different venues, including Melton Mowbray, Leicester and Warwick. It returned to Cheltenham in 1913. The name of Johnny Henderson (1920–2003), a banker and racehorse owner, was added to the race's title in 2005. Henderson, the father of trainer Nicky, realized in the early 1960s that the racecourse at Cheltenham was attracting the interest of property developers. To safeguard its future, and that of the Festival, Henderson and other Jockey Club members formed the Racecourse Holdings Trust, and raised £240,000 to purchase the venue. The running order of the races at the Cheltenham Festival was altered slightly in 2009, and the Johnny Henderson Grand Annual Chase became the last event on the final day. A further change for the 2019 meeting moved the race to become the penultimate race on the final day, switching places with the Martin Pipe Conditional Jockeys' Handicap Hurdle. The maximum number of runners in the race was reduced from 24 to 20 from the 2019 running after a British Horseracing Authority (BHA) review into fatalities at the Cheltenham Festival; the 2018 running of the Grand Annual had seen three horses suffer fatal injuries. In 2021 another change in the Festival running order saw the Grand Annual moved to the second day of the meeting and therefore switch from Cheltenham's New Course to the Old Course. The race held Grade 3 status until 2022 and was re-classified as a Premier Handicap from the 2023 running when Grade 3 status was renamed by the BHA. Records Most successful horse since 1946 (2 wins): Top Twenty – 1958, 1959 Dulwich – 1974, 1976 Leading jockey since 1946 (4 wins): Graham Bradley – Pearlyman (1986), My Young Man (1992), Sound Reveille (1995), Uncle Ernie (1997) Leading trainer since 1946 (4 wins): Paul Nicholls – St Pirran (2004), Andreas (2007), Solar Impulse (2016), Le Prezien (2018) Winners since 1946 Weights given in stones and pounds. See also Horse racing in Great Britain List of British National Hunt races Recurring sporting events established in 1834 – this race is included under its former title, Grand Annual", "title": "Johnny Henderson Grand Annual Chase" }, { "docid": "7875678", "text": "The Amazing Race 12 is the twelfth season of American reality competition show The Amazing Race. Hosted by Phil Keoghan, it featured eleven teams of two, each with a pre-existing relationship, competing in a race around the world in order to win US$1,000,000. This season visited four continents and ten countries and traveled over . Starting in Los Angeles, racers traveled through Ireland, the Netherlands, Burkina Faso, Lithuania, Croatia, Italy, India, Japan, and Taiwan before finishing in Anchorage. New twists introduced in this season include the U-Turn, which replaced the Yield and allowed one team to force another team to perform both Detour tasks on a leg, and a new non-elimination leg penalty called the Speed Bump, which is an extra task that the team who finished last had to perform on the subsequent leg. The season premiered on CBS on November 4, 2007, and the finale aired on January 20, 2008. Newly dating couple TK Erwin and Rachel Rosales were the winners of this season, while father and daughter Ronald and Christina Hsu finished in second place, and grandson and grandfather Nicolas Fulks and Donald Jerousek finished in third place. Production Development and filming In May 2007, CBS confirmed The Amazing Race was picked up for a twelfth season. It was originally to be scheduled in the mid-season of the 2007–08 TV season. However, when Viva Laughlin was canceled in October, The Amazing Race 12 debuted early to take the time slot. The Amazing Race 12 spanned in 21 days. The season covered four continents, visiting ten countries (five of which were not previously visited by the series), while traveling entirely in the Northern Hemisphere. The newly visited countries were Ireland, Burkina Faso, Lithuania, Croatia, and Taiwan. The shortened filming schedule was initially attributed, in part, to the removal of non-elimination legs, which would have been a first on The Amazing Race. However, host Phil Keoghan told Kynt & Vyxsin in the seventh leg that there were two non-elimination legs this season. This season introduced two new twists to The Amazing Race: the U-Turn and the Speed Bump. Positioned just after a Detour, the U-Turn allowed one team to force another team behind them to complete both sides of the Detour. The Speed Bump was a penalty task for a team that finished last in a non-elimination leg, and had to be completed during the next leg in addition to other tasks. The U-Turn and the Speed Bump each occurred in two episodes of The Amazing Race 12. Marketing Two days after the series premiere, CBS launched an Amazing Race page on social networking site Facebook via Facebook Ads. The site contained interactive contents such as maps, trivia, a travel log, and prizes. The site also included a tie-in with the Where I've Been application. Cast This season's eleven teams included married lesbian ministers, dating Goths, and siblings. Executive producer Bertram van Munster felt that \"it was not intentional\" for casting to leave out young-male teams commonly found in", "title": "The Amazing Race 12" }, { "docid": "3475565", "text": "The Florida Derby is an American Thoroughbred horse race for three-year-old horses held annually at Gulfstream Park in Hallandale Beach, Florida. Since 2005, it has been run five weeks before the Kentucky Derby, which is held on the first Saturday in May. Thus the Florida Derby is currently run either at the end of March or the beginning of April. Added to the racing schedule in 1952, the Grade I race is run at miles on the dirt. The purse was increased to $1 million in 2011 but was reduced to $750,000 for 2020 and 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The purse was once again increased to $1 million in 2022. History The Florida Derby was first run in 1952. It has long been a prestigious prep race for the Kentucky Derby and since 2013 has been part of the official Road to the Kentucky Derby. The race was originally run in early to mid-March and Kentucky Derby hopefuls would then run in another major prep race in April. In 2005, Gulfstream Park shifted its scheduling to run the race five weeks before the Kentucky Derby. This was originally believed to be a liability, as the preferred spacing of races is typically three to four weeks. When Barbaro won the 2006 Kentucky Derby, the five-week spacing began to be viewed as a potentially positive feature, allowing a horse to come into the Kentucky Derby well rested. In 1977, a large field resulted in the race being run in two divisions. Between 1926 and 1937, the Flamingo Stakes was known as the Florida Derby. Triple Crown Classic Winners In total, 21 winners of the Florida Derby have gone on to win one or more Triple Crown Classics (Kentucky Derby, Preakness Stakes, and Belmont Stakes). Kentucky Derby Winners: Needles (1956), Tim Tam (1958), Carry Back (1961), Northern Dancer (1964), Forward Pass (1968), Spectacular Bid (1979), Swale (1984), Unbridled (1990), Thunder Gulch (1995), Monarchos (2001), Barbaro (2006), Big Brown (2008), Orb (2013), Nyquist (2016), and Always Dreaming (2017). In 1968, Florida Derby winner Forward Pass was promoted to first place in the Kentucky Derby after the original winner, Dancer's Image, was disqualified due to a medication violation. In 2019, Florida Derby winner Maximum Security crossed the finish line first in the Kentucky Derby, but was disqualified due to interference. Preakness Stakes Winners: Nashua (1955), Tim Tam (1958), Bally Ache (1960), Carry Back (1961), Candy Spots (1963), Northern Dancer (1964), Forward Pass (1968), Spectacular Bid (1979), Snow Chief (1986), and Big Brown (2008). Belmont Stakes Winners: Nashua (1955), Needles (1956), Swale (1984), Thunder Gulch (1995), Empire Maker (2003), and Tiz the Law (2020). Records Speed Record: 1:46.80 – Gen. Duke (1957), equaled the world record for miles at the time. Most wins by an owner: 5 – Calumet Farm (1957, 1958, 1968, 1971, 1978) Most wins by a jockey: 6 – John R. Velazquez (2009, 2013, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2024) Most wins by a trainer: 8 – Todd A. Pletcher (2007, 2014, 2015,", "title": "Florida Derby" }, { "docid": "52233436", "text": "Mission Discovery is an international education program run for teenagers in many countries around the world. The programme started in 2011 in King's College London, England, and has since expanded to Australia, the US, India and other countries. Mission discovery is run and directed by ISSET (International Space School Educational Trust), a registered UK charity founded in 1998 by Chris Barber. So far there have been 15 successful programs: one in India, twelve in the UK and two in the US. Each program has given the students the chance to work with space scientists while they work as a team designing experiments. As part of this program, at least one experiment designed by the students is sent to, and carried out on, the International Space Station. Format Mission Discovery is a week-long event in which the pupils are split into random groups to design an experiment that could be launched into space. During this week the teams are involved in exercises designed to develop their leadership, team building, and personal development skills, while also giving them an insight into scientific fields with a relation to space. The pupils will also hear talks from various astronauts, scientists and people from fields outside of science, covering topics including biomedical and scientific research done by NASA, and the astronaut's experiences in space, as well as topics like public speaking and how to suitably present information. Towards the end of the week, the program is more focused on the design of the students' experiments. The students are given time to design an experiment they believe could work in space and are then tasked with presenting it in both, an informative and interesting way. On the final day, the pupils present their ideas to other colleagues and mentors as well as different scientists, doctors, and professors from universities. The winning idea has their experiment designed and sent to the International Space Station where astronauts there will carry out experiments. So far there have been twenty different winning experiments. Each is then further designed with help from researchers and scientists. After a lengthy process of designing the experiment, the winning team is invited to watch the rocket launch carrying their experiment to the International Space Station. These experiments are then carried out by the current astronauts on board the ISS. Depending on the complexity and the issues with the experiments, they normally take up three years to be launched and carried out on board the ISS. Previous programmes People involved Scientists involved in the program have included: Astronauts Michael Foale Space time : ~ 374 days in space Area of study : Astrophysicist Mission discoveries attended: 2014 - 2016 King’s College London, England, 2016 Renfrewshire, Scotland, 2016 Ayrshire, Scotland Steven Swanson Space time : ~ 196 days in space Area of study : Engineer Mission discoveries attended: 2016 Shiv Nadar School, India Scott Kelly Space time : ~ 570 days in space Kenneth Ham Space time : ~ 25 days in space Area of study :", "title": "Mission Discovery" }, { "docid": "297935", "text": "Pig racing is a sport in which juvenile pigs race around in a small, enclosed area of either dirt, fake grass, gravel track or steel-framed enclosures. This racing is usually purely for entertainment or charity, and betting is rarely part of it, as the races are family-friendly events. Equipment The pigs are equipped with vests to differentiate each pig from another. To distinguish the pigs racing, the vests are either colour-coded or have numbers on them. Puppet jockeys are sometimes attached to the vests for entertainment purposes. The course includes a variety of obstacles which the pigs have to race through, such as tunnels, tyre ramps, hay bales and a series of locked gates. The course distance can vary in length depending on the type of race. The race can be a normal race on the track or a race with obstacles. Most races at the end of the finishing line have a prize waiting for the winning pig, usually food. Countries Australia Pig racing is practised in Australia. The MTV Promotions Pig Racing hosts pig racing events which cover all Major Royal Shows and have been running since 1993. The pigs are trained through a 4-week course to prepare them mentally and physically for the race. The pigs run a track in a space and there are two races within the 15-minute show production. The pigs get ready at the starting gates while their coloured vests are fitted on them and they wait for the whistle to be blown before they start to race. Noah's Farm Thoroughbred Pig Racing hosts pig races for entertainment purposes and fundraisers for organisations. The pigs are raised in free-range conditions and begin training for races when they are approximately 5 to 6 weeks of age. For the race, five pigs are pitted against each other wearing coloured jackets. The track dimensions are , and 15 to 20 small square bales of hay are used as obstacles. The race begins with a bugle call as the pigs begin to position themselves in their starting box and wait for the commencement of the race. The crowd counts down from five and then the starting gate opens once the count is finished. On the course, the pigs face tyres, gates and a maze of hay bales. The pigs start to race when they are around 4 weeks old an after being weaned, they continue racing until they are around 12 to 15 weeks old. For each race, a \"Race Steward\" is picked from the crowd to oversee the pig race. Children are allowed to name each pig, and the best name wins a prize. The 2003 Easter Show in Melbourne held a pig racing event in Olympic Boulevard. The race featured nine pigs racing around a track. Ireland The festival in Portlaoise is known for pig-racing, and it was tried in Durrow for their St. Patrick's day parade in 2009. United Kingdom Pig racing is practised in the United Kingdom. The South of England Rare Breeds", "title": "Pig racing" }, { "docid": "64683776", "text": "Nick Goolab (born 30 January 1990) is a British distance runner. He is the former British 5k record holder, previously held the English 5k and 10k titles concurrently, and has represented Great Britain at World and European cross country and track championships. Junior career After impressing his PE teacher in a bleep test, Goolab was asked to represent his school in a cross country race, which led to him joining his local athletics club as an under-15 in 2004. In 2008 Goolab joined Belgrave Harriers and was part of the 12-man squad to win bronze at the English national 12-stage road relay championships. In 2009 became the English National junior cross country champion, the junior intercounties cross country champion, and was part of the Belgrave team to win gold at the National 12-stage road relays. He also won the junior race at the International cross competition in Lisbon, Portugal. In 2010 Goolab defended his English junior cross country title in addition to winning gold in the 5000m at the British Universities championships, competing for the University of Birmingham. In 2011 he won the British Universities cross country title, beating future Olympians Ross Murray and Jonny Brownlee. Senior career In 2015 Goolab joined Craig Winrow's training group based at St Mary's University in Teddington, South West London. In 2016 he won the Vitality Westminster Mile road race, beating Olympian Andrew Butchart in a photo-finish, a title he would successfully defend the following year the day after setting his 5000m track personal best of 13:33.48. In 2017 Goolab set his 3000m personal best of 7:42.22 at the IAAF Diamond League meet as part of the Muller Anniversary Games held at London's Olympic Stadium. In 2018, following a second-place finish at the European cross country trials in Liverpool, Goolab represented Great Britain at the European cross country championships held in Tilburg, Netherlands, finishing 47th. Senior national titles In 2019 Goolab stepped up from the mile to longer distances on the road, winning the England Athletics 5k and 10k titles in races in Ipswich and Brighton respectively. He also won bronze at the British Athletics 10k championships held as part of the Vitality London 10000 race. Goolab had led at the half-way point but was eventually beaten by Mo Farah and Andrew Butchart. In summer 2019 Goolab represented Great Britain in the 10000m at the European Cup competition held as part of the Night of the 10,000m PBs event in London, finishing 8th in a time of 28:10.49. The performance won Goolab silver in the British championships and helped win silver for his country in the international competition. In February 2020 Goolab broke the British 5k record previously shared by Mo Farah and Rob Denmark, bettering their mark by three seconds to record a time of 13:27. In the same race, held in Monaco, Ugandan Joshua Cheptegai set a new world record of 12:51. Goolab's record lasted until 8 August 2020 when Marc Scott ran 13:20 at a road race in Barrowford, Lancashire. Personal", "title": "Nick Goolab" } ]	[ "the Soviet Union" ]
train_7062	when was harvest moon by neil young released	[ { "docid": "573267", "text": "Harvest Moon is the 21st studio album by Canadian musician Neil Young, released on November 2, 1992. Many of its backing musicians also appeared on Young's 1972 album Harvest. Background Recovering from a case of tinnitus that had come about after the recording of Ragged Glory (1990) and its subsequent tour (which produced the 1991 albums Weld and Arc), Young returned to the studio with Ben Keith, picking up the acoustic guitar, piano and banjo that had dominated albums such as Harvest, Comes a Time and Old Ways. 1970s-era analogue equipment was used instead of digital recording to achieve a \"warmer\" feel, though the album was in fact recorded on Sony PCM 16/44.1 kHz digital. The album's title and style drew comparisons to Young's 1972 career pinnacle Harvest. Young discussed the idea of making a follow up to Harvest in a 1992 Rolling Stone interview with Alan Light: \"People had been asking me to do it for twenty years, and I never could figure out what it was in the first place. It just happened again, whatever it was that happened back then. But only because the songs made me do it.\" Writing Like many of the songs on its predecessor Harvest, the songs are largely inspired by relationships. This time, much of the lyrics reflect the maturer perspective of a long-term partnership. Some of the songs are new compositions, while others revisit material Young had first worked on during the previous decade. He explains in a contemporary interview: \"Unknown Legend\" is a portrait of Young's wife Pegi, whom he met working at a diner in 1974. He began writing the song in the mid-1970s but did not complete the song until fifteen years later. Young remembers in his memoir, Special Deluxe: Photographer and archivist Joel Bernstein helped bring the song back to Young's attention: \"Unknown Legend\" actually was a song Joel brought me; he kept bringing me the lyrics and saying, 'What is this thing?' I said, It's a song I started back in '82. I don't think I ever finished it.' He kept bringing it back to me, and one day I picked up my guitar and finished it right there. But that doesn't happen very often with me. The real good ones come right away, just in one sitting.\" \"From Hank to Hendrix\" uses cultural references to measure time in a relationship. Young recalls the process of writing the song in a contemporary interview: \"I wrote the song in my house. I sat down with my 12 string guitar and just started playing and writing all at once. I don't think about it. I just do it. I don't think 'now I'm going to sit down and write a song' and then sit down and try to write a song. I didn't know I was going to write a song when I sat down. I'll pick up my guitar and start playing and then suddenly I am playing a new song. I've learned to realize when I'm", "title": "Harvest Moon (album)" } ]	[ { "docid": "4608064", "text": "Neil Young: Heart of Gold is a 2006 American documentary/concert film by Jonathan Demme, featuring Neil Young. It documents Young's premiere of his songs from his album Prairie Wind at the Ryman Auditorium. The film was produced in the summer of 2005 in Nashville, Tennessee. It premiered at the 2006 Sundance Film Festival, and was released theatrically on 10 February 2006. Overview The film opens with interviews with Young and most of his band, which includes Emmylou Harris, Young's then-wife Pegi Young, steel guitarist Ben Keith, and keyboardist Spooner Oldham. They and the other band members describe the concert and the making of Prairie Wind. The recording of the album and the filming of the concert occurred just before and after Young's surgery to correct a cerebral aneurysm, and just a few months after the death of Young's father Scott Young. The first half of the concert consists entirely of songs from Prairie Wind, and the second half consists of acoustic songs from throughout Young's career. Young describes the inspiration behind several of his songs. Songs in the film The performance captured in Neil Young: Heart of Gold was filmed over two nights on August 18 and 19 2005 at the Ryman Auditorium in Nashville, Tennessee. Recorded by Chad Halley and David Hewitt on Remote Recording's Silver Truck. In order to increase the length of the concert film, director Jonathan Demme asked Neil Young to supplement the songs from Prairie Wind with an encore set of older songs. Young agreed and selected songs that he had previously recorded in Nashville. The two sets are set apart by a costume change for the musicians and a different backdrop on the stage. All songs are written by Young, except where otherwise noted. Prairie Wind set \"The Painter\" \"No Wonder\" \"Falling Off the Face of the Earth\" \"Far From Home\" – Young introduces the song by telling a story about his father giving him an Arthur Godfrey ukulele when he was about seven years old and working on a chicken farm. \"It's a Dream\" \"Prairie Wind\" \"Here for You\" - from the 'empty nester genre' \"This Old Guitar\" – duet with Emmylou Harris; Young notes that he is playing a guitar (a Martin D-28) once owned by Hank Williams. \"When God Made Me\" – features Young playing piano, backed by the Fisk University Jubilee Singers and Spooner Oldham on organ. Encore set \"I Am a Child\" \"Harvest Moon\" \"Heart of Gold\" \"Old Man\" - introduced with Young explaining the inspiration for the song being \"an old gentleman named Louis Avila,\" who was the caretaker of the ranch Young purchased when he first became successful. \"The Needle and the Damage Done\" \"Old King\" – features Young on six-string banjo, accompanied by Emmylou Harris on rhythm guitar and harmony vocals. \"Comes a Time\" – dedicated to Nicolette Larson who sang on Young's Comes a Time album; features the backing singers and crew lined up across the front of the stage playing acoustic guitars. \"Four Strong", "title": "Neil Young: Heart of Gold" }, { "docid": "1352666", "text": "Comes a Time is the ninth studio album by Canadian singer-songwriter Neil Young, released by Reprise Records in October 1978. The album is largely performed in a quiet folk and country style. It features backing harmonies sung by Nicolette Larson and additional accompaniment by musicians that had accompanied Young on his commercial pinnacle, Harvest. Like Harvest, the lyrics to many of its songs are inspired by relationships. In his memoir, Waging Heavy Peace, Young describes Comes a Time as one of his best albums ever. Background After the success of his 1972 album Harvest, Young famously shied away from his new public image as a sentimental singer-songwriter, and released several albums that embrace contrasting styles. Comes a Time finds the artist re-embracing a more romantic folk style and image once again. The album also features layers of overdubs and a large cast of supporting musicians, a contrast to his typical preference for live in the studio recording. Young would describe the change in a contemporary interview: \"After five or six albums going in one direction, my feelings demanded that I really craft an album. It came out outward, clean and appealing. It's the first record I've released where I'm actually facing the audience on the jacket and smiling.\" Writing The songs on Comes a Time were written over the course of the previous five years in a variety of contexts. Young had first played the songs with various other bands, including CSNY, Crazy Horse and The Ducks. The songs' lyrics were inspired by several different personal events and romantic relationships. The lyrics to \"Goin' Back\" reflect feeling nostalgia for a previous time or place. Young explains in Shakey: \"There's something there that's me, that record. It tells a story– \"Goin' Back\" is sorta like the debris of the sixties. There's nowhere to stay, nowhere to go and nothin' to do. You could go anywhere.\" \"Comes a Time\" dates from Young's performances in the summer of 1977 with The Ducks. When introducing it in concert the following year, he shares that he first remembered singing it with his son Zeke. \"Look Out for My Love\" features imagery of being on an airplane eager to arrive home to one's partner, while pondering if the relationship is a burden on his partner. Singer-songwriter Randy Newman applauds the song's idiosyncratic lyrics: \"It isn't like a love song. It's like, 'My love, it’s really heavy. Watch out! It's in your neighborhood.' Like a stalker.\" \"Lotta Love\" was recorded with Crazy Horse in January 1976 with guitarist Poncho Sampedro on piano. Nicolette Larson would release her own recording of the song in 1978, which became a top ten hit. She remembers discovering the song on the floor of Young's truck during sessions for American Stars 'n Bars: \"I visited Neil at the ranch, we were driving around in a pickup, there was a cassette on the floor. I picked it up, blew the dust off it, I stuck it in the cassette player and \"Lotta Love\"", "title": "Comes a Time" }, { "docid": "21809759", "text": "Natural Beauty may refer to: The general concept of beauty Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, a designated geographic area in some British countries Physical attractiveness \"Natural Beauty\", 1992 song by Neil Young from the album Harvest Moon Natural Beauty (novel), 2023 novel by Ling Ling Huang", "title": "Natural Beauty" }, { "docid": "1495720", "text": "Time Fades Away is a 1973 live album by Canadian-American musician Neil Young. Consisting of previously unreleased material, it was recorded with the Stray Gators on the support tour following 1972's highly successful album Harvest. Due to Young's dissatisfaction with the tour, it was omitted from his catalogue and not released on compact disc until 2017. The album is the first of the so-called \"Ditch Trilogy\" of albums that Young recorded following the major success of Harvest, whereupon the scope of his success and acclaim became so apparent that Young subsequently experienced alienation from his music and career. Nevertheless, Time Fades Away received much critical praise and was widely pirated after lapsing out of print because of the ensuing demand from fans. It was initially reissued on vinyl as part of the Official Release Series Discs 5-8 Vinyl Box Set for Record Store Day in 2014, then reissued again for its 50th anniversary in 2023 as Time Fades Away 50. The album finally saw an official CD release in August 2017 as part of the CD version of the boxset. It gradually became available on streaming platforms and on the Neil Young Archives website in 2021. History Though \"Love in Mind\" dates from a 1971 solo tour, all other songs on the album are from the Harvest tour in early 1973. The program featured an acoustic solo set followed by an electric set with the Stray Gators. Longtime collaborator and former Crazy Horse guitarist Danny Whitten had been set to join the Gators as a second guitarist before being sent home from rehearsals after it became evident that he was in no condition to embark on the rigorous tour. He succumbed to a fatal combination of Valium and alcohol on the night following his dismissal. Unlike Young's previous ensembles, the Stray Gators consisted of notable Nashville and Los Angeles session musicians; keyboardist Jack Nitzsche was the only member of the group who had worked with Young prior to Harvest. During the rehearsals, drummer Kenny Buttrey demanded a salary of $100,000 (roughly $727,577 in 2023) to compensate for lost session work, leading Nitzsche (with support from Tim Drummond) to prevail upon the singer to extend this salary to the other band members. Although Young reluctantly acquiesced, Nitzsche would later reflect that \"Neil got so pissed off ... I don't think things ever recovered after that.\" In the wake of the relatively dulcet Harvest, audiences did not always react positively to the new songs, many of which were emblematic of the Gators' raucous and heavily electrified live sound. Struggling to cope with Whitten's death, Young lambasted band members' performances following concerts and scheduled soundchecks that were often cancelled on short notice. Such behavior frustrated Buttrey, who left the band and was immediately replaced by former Turtles/Jefferson Airplane percussionist Johnny Barbata. Having previously stepped in to replace Dallas Taylor on Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young's 1970 tour, Barbata ultimately performed on all of the Stray Gators selections on the album. At the instigation", "title": "Time Fades Away" }, { "docid": "22850197", "text": "Anthony Crawford (born May 5, 1957) is an American multi-instrumentalist, singer and songwriter, who has worked with many well-known musicians in the studio, onstage and as a songwriter. Crawford has also released several solo albums in addition to two albums and a DVD with his wife, Savana Lee, as Sugarcane Jane. Although born in Birmingham, Nashville became Anthony's home, where he performed live at Opryland USA, toured with the Sonny James Band, and appeared on television’s Hee Haw and The Ralph Emery Show. He caught the eye of many in Nashville including Rounder Records and Little Dog Records. After traveling throughout the Southeast playing various string instruments, his opportunities expanded to include tours with Neil Young. In between tours with Young backing bands The Shocking Pinks, International Harvesters, and Electric Band, Anthony also toured with Steve Winwood, Dwight Yoakam, Vince Gill, the Pegi Young Band, Nicolette Larson and Blackhawk. A prolific songwriter, Crawford has over four hundred songs to his credit, many recorded by artists including Steve Winwood, Pegi Young, Kenny Rogers, Lee Greenwood, the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band, Sawyer Brown, Billy Burnett, and Lorrie Morgan. Anthony’s solo career includes a self-titled debut album, Radio Cafe, and Five Is Red (a collaborative album recorded with Everest and Bo Koster from My Morning Jacket). With wife/singing partner Savana Lee, he created Sugarcane Jane in 2009 and tour the southeast. Anthony opened his recording studio Admiral Bean in 2010. Solo albums [ \"Anthony Crawford\"] - Little Dog Records - Producer- Pete Anderson (1993) - Two singles appeared on Gavin's Adult Contemporary Chart: \"Fit In\" peaked at # 20, \"On The Edge\" peaked at # 15 \"Unintentional Decoy\" - AC Sound - Producer -Anthony Crawford (1995) [ “Radio Café”] - Cason Companies – Producer Buzz Cason/Anthony Crawford (2000) “Five is Red” - Independent release – Producer Anthony Crawford (2009) Album appearances Eddie Rabbitt Radio Romance Liberty Records (1982) Tanya Tucker Changes Arista (1983) Rosanne Cash Rhythm and Romance Columbia (1985) Rodney Crowell Street Language (1986) Neil Young Everybody's Rockin' Geffen (1983) Neil Young Old Ways Geffen (1983–1985) Vince Gill When I Call Your Name MCA Nashville (1989) Steve Winwood Refugee of the Heart Virgin Records (1990) Steve Forbert The American In Me Geffen (1992) Pete Anderson Working Class (1994) Dwight Yoakam Gone Reprise (1995) Dwight Yoakam Under The Covers (1997) Neil Young Prairie Wind Reprise Records (2005) Neil Young Fork in the Road Reprise Records (2009) Neil Young A Treasure Reprise Records (2011) Played on tour with Sonny James (1981) Neil Young and the \"International Harvesters\" World Tour (1983) Neil Young and The Shocking Pinks World Tour (1983–1985) Nicolette Larson (1986–1987) Vince Gill (1989) Steve Winwood \"Roll with It Tour\" (1988–1990) Steve Forbert \"The American In Me\" (1990) Dwight Yoakam “Gone” World Tour (1996–1997) Blackhawk \"For The Sake Of The Song\" (2003–2007) Neil Young (2007–2009) Video and TV appearances 1980 \"Grand Ole Opry Matinee\" Solo 1981 \"Hee Haw\" with Sonny James 1983-85 with Neil Young - \"Austin City Limits\", \"Nashville Now\", \"Live Aid\",", "title": "Anthony Crawford (musician)" }, { "docid": "58426186", "text": "\"From Hank to Hendrix\" is a song written by Neil Young that was first released on his 1992 album Harvest Moon. Young has frequently included it in live sets and it has been included on a number of live and compilation albums. Lyrics and music The lyrics of \"From Hank to Hendrix\" tell of the changes in a relationship over time, using musical and pop culture figures as reference points. The \"Hank\" in the title refers to either Hank Williams or Hank Marvin, both of whom inspired Young, and the \"Hendrix\" refers to Jimi Hendrix. Humanities professor Martin Halliwell takes the view that \"Hank\" refers to Hank Williams and interprets the title as referring to the 2 musical directions Young likes to take - Williams' acoustic country blues versus Hendrix' \"histrionic guitar blues.\" The pop culture touch points in the song are Marilyn Monroe and Madonna. The early verses of the song tell of the singer's devotion to the woman, as he sings about how he believed in her and loved her smile over the period covered by the song. But the mood of the lyrics shifts when the singer notes that \"Now we're headed for the big divorce California-style.\" The reference to divorce suggests that the song may be about Young's ex-partner Carrie Snodgress. Rolling Stone Album Guide contributor Rob Sheffield contrasts this song with the Harvest Moon title track in that \"Harvest Moon\" celebrates a marriage that lasted while \"From Hank to Hendrix\" mourns one that did not. But many of the Harvest Moon songs, including the title track, are about his then-current wife Pegi Young, in which case the reference to divorce is more jolting. Young has explained that \"The divorce is never mentioned again [in the song]. It's just another element in the relationship.\" Young has further stated: Well that's one part of the story. There's a whole bunch of things in there...You're constantly wondering which way things are going to go. Whether it's going to last or whether it's going to explode. That's part of the romantic relationship, certain amounts of turmoil. Rolling Stone critic Greg Kot places this song within a progression of songs that opens Harvest Moon, which \"traces a path from restlessness to reaffirmation, in which the rootless 'Unknown Legend' and the doubt-filled narrator of 'From Hank to Hendrix' finally find contentment beneath the 'Harvest Moon.'” Ken Bielen suggests that the line about divorce displays Young's economical use of words in that the \"California-style\" divorce suggests the celebrity-driven culture in the U.S and the possible personal cost of that culture. Bielen compares lines in the opening verse that the narrator is a musician with a later line that \"The same thing that makes you live/Can kill you in the end\" as implying that \"the rock-and-roll lifestyle can take a toll on a marriage.\" And indeed Young's marriage to Pegi came to an end 22 years later. Young biographer David Downing interprets the reference to divorce a little differently. He interprets that the", "title": "From Hank to Hendrix" }, { "docid": "18852506", "text": "Double Time is the second studio album by singer/guitarist Leon Redbone, released in 1977. It peaked at No. 38 on the Billboard pop albums chart. Track listing Side one \"Diddy Wa Diddie\" (Blind Blake) – 3:05 \"Nobody's Sweetheart\" (Ernie Erdman, Gus Kahn, Billy Meyers, Elmer Schoebel) – 2:13 \"Shine On Harvest Moon\" (Nora Bayes, Jack Norworth) – 3:21 \"Crazy Blues\" (trad. arr. Perry Bradford) – 4:16 \"Mississippi Delta Blues\" (Jack Neville, Jimmie Rodgers) – 1:44 Side two \"Mr. Jelly Roll Baker\" (Traditional) – 3:43 \"My Melancholy Baby\" (Ernie Burnett, George A. Norton, Maybelle Watson) – 3:10 \"The Sheik of Araby\" (Harry Smith, Ted Snyder, Francis Wheeler) – 2:31 \"Mississippi River Blues\" (Rodgers) – 3:05 \"Winin' Boy Blues\" (Jelly Roll Morton) – 4:17 \"If We Never Meet Again This Side of Heaven\" (Albert E. Brumley) – 3:18 Personnel Source: Leon Redbone – vocals, guitar, throat tromnet, background whistling on \"Crazy Blues\" Jack Noseworthy - pan flute Milt Hinton – double bass Jo Jones – drums Bob Greene – piano Don McLean – banjo on \"Mississippi Delta Blues\" Eric Weissberg – banjo on \"Shine On Harvest Moon\" Dominic Cortese – accordion Jonathan Dorn – tuba Yusef Lateef – soprano saxophone on \"Mississippi River Blues\" Ed Polcer – trumpet Ed Barefield – clarinet Vic Dickenson – trombone Dick Rath – trombone Joe Wilder – trumpet on \"Nobody's Sweetheart\" Kermit Moore – cello Selwart Clarke – viola Lewis Elgy – violin Sanford Allen – violin Captain Billy's Whiz Bang (William Kruse, Frederick Mount III, Andrew Smith, Mark S. Bentley) - backing vocals on \"Shine On Harvest Moon\" The Dixie Hummingbirds (Ira Tucker Sr., James Walker, James Davis, Beachy Thompson) - backing vocals on \"If We Never Meet Again This Side of Heaven\" Jerry Teifer - background whistling on \"Shine On Harvest Moon\" Beachy Thompson - background whistling on \"If We Never Meet Again This Side of Heaven\" Al Cohn – horn arrangements on \"Crazy Blues\", \"Mr. Jelly Roll Baker\" and \"Diddy Wah Diddy\" William S. Fischer – string arrangements on \"Mississippi Delta Blues\", \"Melancholy Baby\" and \"Shine On Harvest Moon\" Production notes Joel Dorn – producer Hal Willner – associate producer Bob Liftin – recording and remix engineer Vince McGarry – additional recording and mastering engineer Neil Brody – additional recording engineer Benno Friedman – backliner photo Michael Horen and Leon Redbone – cover art Charts References External links Leon Redbone albums 1977 albums Warner Records albums Albums produced by Joel Dorn", "title": "Double Time (Leon Redbone album)" }, { "docid": "723445", "text": "Tonight's the Night is the sixth studio album by Canadian / American songwriter Neil Young. It was recorded in August–September 1973, mostly on August 26, but its release was delayed until June 1975. It peaked at No. 25 on the Billboard 200. The album is the third and final of the so-called \"Ditch Trilogy\" of albums that Young released following the major success of 1972's Harvest, whereupon the scope of his success and acclaim became so difficult for Young to handle that he subsequently experienced alienation from his music and career. In 2003, the album was ranked number 331 on Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time, moving up to number 330 in the list's 2012 edition and climbing further to number 302 in the 2020 update. Background Tonight's the Night is a direct expression of grief. Crazy Horse guitarist Danny Whitten and Young's friend and roadie Bruce Berry had both died of drug overdoses in the months before the songs were written. Bruce Berry was the brother of both Jan Berry of Jan and Dean fame and of Ken Berry, owner of S.I.R. studios where the album was recorded. Berry leveraged his music industry connections to work as a roadie for both Young and Stephen Stills during his Manassas tour. Berry died of a heroin overdose in June 1973. Danny Whitten was a singer, songwriter and guitarist in the band Crazy Horse, with whom Young had recorded two albums. He died in November 1972 the night after Young fired him during rehearsals for the Time Fades Away tour due to his inability to play. The sessions were the first time the remaining members of Crazy Horse had played together since the passing of Whitten. In 1975 Young explained to Bud Scoppa of Creem magazine how the loss was both personal and professional: Tonight's the Night was not the first of Young's work to concern the dangers of heroin and the toll it had taken on the musicians around him. \"The Needle and the Damage Done\" from the album Harvest addresses the topic directly, and was partly inspired by Whitten's struggles. The song was also inspired by several other artists Young had seen fall to heroin, as he explained to a January 1971 audience: \"I got to see to see a lot of great musicians before they happened. Before they became famous. When they were just gigging. Five and six sets a night. Things like that. I got to see a lot of great musicians who nobody got to see for one reason or another. But strangely enough the real good ones that you never got to see was because of heroin. And that started happening over and over. And then it happened to some that everybody knew about.\" The title track \"Tonight's the Night\" mentions Berry by name, while Whitten's guitar and vocal work highlight \"Come on Baby Let's Go Downtown\", taken from a March 1970 Crazy Horse concert at the Fillmore East. The song later appeared, unedited,", "title": "Tonight's the Night (Neil Young album)" }, { "docid": "5702467", "text": "Borrowed Tunes is a tribute album to Neil Young, released in 1994. The album was released as a two-CD set, one compiling acoustic songs and one compiling rock-oriented ones, although the two discs were also each sold individually. The album features a variety of Canadian musicians covering songs written by Neil Young. All profits from the album were donated to The Bridge School, which develops and uses advanced technologies to aid in the instruction of handicapped children. A second album called Borrowed Tunes II: A Tribute to Neil Young was released in 2007. Track listing Disc 1: Out of the Blue: An Acoustic Tribute to Neil Young Colin Linden, \"Intro\" Hemingway Corner, \"Tell Me Why\" Jann Arden, \"Birds\" Crash Vegas, \"Pocahontas\" Lawrence Gowan, \"Heart of Gold\" Jim Witter and Cassandra Vasik, \"Human Highway\" Jeff Healey, \"Harvest\" The Breits, \"Nowadays Clancy Can't Even Sing\" Lori Yates, \"Helpless\" The Waltons, \"Only Love Can Break Your Heart\" Amanda Marshall, \"Don't Let It Bring You Down\" Prescott-Brown, \"Comes a Time\" Malcolm Burn, \"Pardon My Heart\" Rose Chronicles, \"Old Man\" Cowboy Junkies, \"Tired Eyes\" Rheostatics and Bourbon Tabernacle Choir, \"Everybody Knows This Is Nowhere\" David Wilcox, \"Transformer Man\" Stephen Fearing, \"Thrasher\" Marc Jordan, \"Borrowed Tune\" Disc 2: Into the Black: An Electric Tribute to Neil Young Skydiggers, \"Mr. Soul\" Barney Bentall and the Legendary Hearts, \"Like a Hurricane\" Our Lady Peace, \"The Needle and the Damage Done\" Junkhouse, \"F*!#in' Up\" Blue Rodeo, \"I've Been Waiting for You\" Big Sugar, \"When You Dance I Can Really Love\" Colin Linden, \"Tonight's the Night\" Treble Charger, \"Albuquerque\" 54-40, \"Cortez the Killer\" Chocolatey (Steven Page, Tyler Stewart, Steve Duffy), \"Burned\" Philosopher Kings, \"Coupe De Ville\" hHead, \"Look Out for My Love\" Andy Curran, \"Cinnamon Girl\" Wild T and the Spirit, \"Down by the River\" Randy Bachman, \"The Loner\" Mystery Machine, \"Southern Man\" Art Bergmann and One Free Fall, \"Prisoners of Rock 'n Roll\" References Compilation albums by Canadian artists Neil Young tribute albums 1994 compilation albums Folk rock compilation albums", "title": "Borrowed Tunes: A Tribute to Neil Young" }, { "docid": "73882532", "text": "The Mountain House is a restaurant located in King's Mountain, Woodside, California. Initially established over a century ago hosting a variety of community roles, it has been featured in a plethora of music video clips by prominent artists mostly due to its unique location inside a redwood forest. Description The restaurant, housed within a vermilion cabin and located at Skyline Boulevard, inside the redwood forests of Woodside, is a century-old dining destination. According to Chef William Roberts, since the early 1900s, it has played diverse roles within the community, having initially served as a gathering place for adventurers, loggers and locals. Initially, it functioned as a water pump station for homesteaders and later transformed into a frontier saloon. Dianne de Guzman of Eater, amongst other publications reported of the 2023 reopening of the restaurant by Michelin-starred chefs. Cuisine and menu While the previous owner's crew specialised in local seafood and wild game, current management under Elperin and William is starting anew with a different concept. Talking to The San Francisco Standard, Elperin mentioned that following the relaunch of The Mountain House, it will focus on \"coastal countryside cuisine.\" It is primarily based on game, venison, quail and sustainable trout. History Music and filmography The restaurant has served as the filming location for multiple video clips, most notably Neil Young's \"Harvest Moon\" from his homonymous album released in 1992. The video clip, which features and showcases the restaurant throughout its duration as well as the consistent-to-today branding of the restaurant in the '90s, is the most viewed YouTube video of Neil Young's channel with over 90,000,000 views. According to the New York Times, the singer used to frequently visit the restaurant since it was close to his ranch. Neil Young has most recently been photographed outside the location working on a new album with a producer Daniel Lanois in 2010, as published by the Los Angeles Times. Reopening The previous owner closed down the restaurant in April 2022 upon retiring. The restaurant reopened on February 23, 2023, by Michelin-starred Chef Dmitry Elperin and Chef William Roberts. See also Restaurants in California Neil Young References Restaurants in California", "title": "The Mountain House" }, { "docid": "8580085", "text": "Timothy Lee Drummond (20 April 1940 – 10 January 2015) was an American musician from Canton, Illinois. Drummond's primary instrument was bass guitar and he toured and recorded with many notable artists, including Conway Twitty, Bob Dylan, James Brown, Eric Clapton, Neil Young, Crosby & Nash, Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young, Ry Cooder, J. J. Cale, Mother Earth, Lonnie Mack, Miles Davis, B.B. King, Joe Cocker, Albert Collins, Joe Henry, Jewel, Essra Mohawk, and many others. Drummond co-wrote songs with many of the artists he worked with, including: \"Saved\" (Bob Dylan), \"Who's Talking\" (J.J. Cale), \"Saddle Up The Palomino\" (Neil Young), and \"Down In Hollywood\" (Ry Cooder). He is credited as the sole writer of \"I Want to Lay Down Beside You\" on the 1972 album Tracy Nelson/Mother Earth. He often played as part of the session rhythm duo Tim & Jim with drummer Jim Keltner. Collaborations Bring Me Home - Mother Earth (1971) Naturally - J. J. Cale (1972) Harvest - Neil Young (1972) Willis Alan Ramsey - Willis Alan Ramsey (1972) Rock and Roll Resurrection - Ronnie Hawkins (1972) Time Fades Away - Neil Young (1973) Wild Tales - Graham Nash (1974) On the Beach - Neil Young (1974) Okie - J. J. Cale (1974) Giant of Rock 'n' Roll - Ronnie Hawkins (1974) Wind on the Water - Crosby & Nash (1975) Zuma - Neil Young (1975) Whistling Down the Wire - Crosby & Nash (1976) American Stars 'n Bars - (Neil Young (1977) Victim of Romance - Michelle Phillips (1977) CSN - Crosby, Stills & Nash (1977) Comes a Time - Neil Young (1978) Slow Train Coming - Bob Dylan (1979) Bop till You Drop - Ry Cooder (1979) Earth & Sky - Graham Nash (1980) Hawks & Doves - Neil Young (1980) Borderline - Ry Cooder (1980) Saved - Bob Dylan (1980) Shot of Love - Bob Dylan (1981) The Slide Area - Ry Cooder (1982) No Frills - Bette Midler (1983) 8 - J. J. Cale (1983) Building the Perfect Beast - Don Henley (1984) Old Ways - Neil Young (1985) Innocent Eyes - Graham Nash (1986) Oh Yes I Can - David Crosby (1989) Murder of Crows - Joe Henry (1989) Travel-Log - J. J. Cale (1990) Spellbound - Paula Abdul (1991) Lovescape - Neil Diamond (1991) Rush - Eric Clapton (1992) Number 10 - J. J. Cale (1992) Harvest Moon - Neil Young (1992) Unplugged - Neil Young (1993) Closer to You - J. J. Cale (1994) Pieces of You - Jewel (1995) References American rock bass guitarists American male bass guitarists American session musicians 2015 deaths 1940 births American male songwriters People from Canton, Illinois James Brown Orchestra members Guitarists from Los Angeles 20th-century American guitarists Mother Earth (American band) members The Stray Gators members", "title": "Tim Drummond" }, { "docid": "4237117", "text": "Journey Through the Past is a double LP soundtrack album from the film of the same name by Canadian / American musician Neil Young, released in November 1972 on Reprise Records, catalogue number 2XS 6480. It peaked at #45 on the Billboard 200. Its initial release was on vinyl, cassette tape, reel-to-reel tape, and 8-track tape cartridge. Although its follow-up Time Fades Away was finally released on CD in August 2017, Journey Through the Past remains the only 1970s Neil Young album yet to see an official CD reissue. Content Journey Through The Past features music derived mainly from four sources: television broadcasts with Buffalo Springfield; live recordings with Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young; rehearsal outtakes from the Harvest sessions with the Stray Gators; and recordings by the Tony and Susan Alamo Christian Foundation Orchestra and Chorus. It functions in part as a retrospective of Young's work, the first of his career. Side one, tracks one and two are performed by Buffalo Springfield. The medley on track one are studio recordings, including a rare alternative version of \"Mr. Soul\", mimed to by the group for the television program The Hollywood Palace on January 20, 1967. The group was introduced by host Tony Martin. The second selection, \"Rock and Roll Woman\", derives from the group's appearance in 1967 on the television special Popendipity, recorded at the Warwick Musical Theater, Warwick, RI, on November 16, 1967. The group was introduced by Flip Wilson. Side one, tracks three and four, and side two, track one, are live recordings by CSNY from an appearance at the Fillmore East in New York City on June 5, 1970. The Harvest album outtakes on side two, tracks two and four, and all of side three derive from sessions on September 26 and 27, 1971 at Young's ranch in La Honda, California. Interspersed are conversations with Young, David Crosby, and Stephen Stills from the vocal overdub sessions done later in New York. Side four, tracks two and three, respectively an excerpt from Messiah by George Frederic Handel and the musical theme composed by Miklós Rózsa for the film King of Kings, are performed by the Tony and Susan Alamo Christian Foundation Orchestra and Chorus, recorded on February 10, 1972. The album contains only one new song by Young, \"Soldier\", recorded in a sawmill to the accompaniment of a roaring fire from a sawdust burner. It would later reappear in edited form on Young's Decade compilation. The record closes on side four with a track from the 1966 classic album Pet Sounds by the Beach Boys, the instrumental \"Let's Go Away for Awhile\". Track listing and personnel All songs written by Neil Young, except where noted. Side one \"For What It's Worth/Mr. Soul\" (Stephen Stills/Young) – 3:48 Neil Young – electric guitar, vocal; Stephen Stills – electric guitar, vocal; Richie Furay – electric guitar, vocal; Bruce Palmer – bass; Dewey Martin – drums; Tony Martin - introduction \"Rock & Roll Woman\" (Stills) – 2:53 Stills – electric guitar, vocal;", "title": "Journey Through the Past" }, { "docid": "28891543", "text": "Caleb Stine is an American singer/songwriter from Baltimore, Maryland. He plays both solo and with Americana-rockers The Brakemen. His timeless style and intensely personal lyrics has evoked comparisons to Townes Van Zandt, Kris Kristofferson, and Harvest-era Neil Young. History Stine was raised in Colorado, where he started playing guitar when he was twelve. Shortly after, he began playing regular open-mic shows at local coffee houses where he developed his confessional style. He eventually relocated to Baltimore and quickly became a central part of its widely divergent scene. His first two albums, 2006's October 29 and 2008's I'll Head West Again, were with the Brakemen, and highlighted a style The New Yorker called \"appropriately trainlike—steady and powerful.\" His third album, Outgrown These Walls was a collaboration. Paired with rapper Saleem by DJ Sam Sessa from influential radio station WTMD, and challenged to come up with four songs, the pair who had never met, clicked immediately and created an album's worth of material that the Baltimore Sun hailed as \"truly compelling.\" The dark and brooding track \"Baltimore\" was used by CNN in a piece on prescription drug-abuse in Baltimore in 2010. Outgrown These Walls was followed in 2009 by Eyes So Strong and Clean, and marked the songwriter's first solo album. Stine released I Wasn't Built For a Life Like This September 25, 2010. The all-acoustic album continues what Stine calls \"his exploration in an evolving and eroding America.\" Upon its release No Depression declared \"His honest stories and thoughtful poetry places Caleb among some of the best songwriters of this time and could possibly make him the 21st Century's Townes Van Zandt.\" In 2011, following the release of I Wasn't Built For a Life Like This, Stine appeared in the off-Broadway production of Woody Guthrie Dreams. Stine played the role of Cisco Houston as well as serving as the production's musical director. Stine released Maybe God Is Lonely Too, in 2014. The Baltimore City Paper says the album, \"houses Americana-tinged songs about death, falling in love, the prison-industrial complex, institutionalized racism, wanting a dog, and the empowering voice of God...it is ultimately a gritty, tricky record that answers to nobody.\" In 2015 Stine released Time I Let It Go with his band the Brakemen. This was followed by a solo album, Moon, in 2018. His latest album Mystic Country was released in 2019. Slide & Banjo called it, \"An album that will stir thought, creativity, discussion, and inspiration.\" Discography October 29th - 2006 I'll Head West Again - 2008 Outgrown These Walls - 2008 Eyes So Strong And Clean - 2009 I Wasn't Built For a Life Like This - 2010 The Fall of the Rebel Angel - 2012 Maybe God is Lonely Too - 2014 Time I Let It Go - 2015 Moon - 2018 Mystic Country - 2019 Life and Times of Handyman - 2021 Outlaw In Your Mind - 2022 References External links calebstine.com - official website Review of I Wasn't Built for a Life Like This -", "title": "Caleb Stine" }, { "docid": "31947274", "text": "A Treasure is a live album by Canadian / American musician Neil Young, released on June 14, 2011, featuring performances from his 1984-1985 U.S. tour with the International Harvesters. The album is volume nine in Young's Archives Performance Series and the sixth to be released. Background The album results from a tour following Young's recording what he later called the first Old Ways, an album of country music that his record company refused to release since they claimed it wasn't commercial enough. In this period, the early to mid-eighties, Young played music in many different genres. His backing band, the \"International Harvesters\", consisted of professional country musicians from Nashville some of whom had also played (as \"The Shocking Pinks\") on his rock and roll album Everybody's Rockin'. The album contains old Young songs and newer songs from Old Ways. It contains five previously unreleased songs (tracks 1, 5, 8, 11, and 12). According to Young, the album's name comes from Ben Keith. \"I hadn't heard these takes in 25 years, but when we unearthed them co-producer Ben Keith said, 'This is a treasure.'\" Track listing All songs written by Neil Young except where indicated. \"Amber Jean\" – 3:17 Recorded for Nashville Now TV, Nashville, 9/20/1984. \"Are You Ready for the Country?\" – 3:39 Recorded at Riverbend Music Center, Cincinnati, 9/21/1984. \"It Might Have Been\" (Ronnie Green, Harriet Kane) – 2:43 Recorded for Austin City Limits TV, Austin, 9/25/1984. \"Bound for Glory\" – 5:59 Recorded at Gilleys Rodeo Arena, Pasadena, TX, 9/29/1984. \"Let Your Fingers Do the Walking\" – 3:03 Recorded at Universal Amphitheater, Universal City, CA, 10/22/1984. \"Flying on the Ground Is Wrong\" – 4:48 Recorded at Greek Theater, Berkeley, CA, 10/26/1984. \"Motor City\" – 3:22 Recorded at Greek Theater, Berkeley, CA, 10/26/1984. \"Soul of a Woman\" – 4:28 Recorded at Greek Theater, Berkeley, CA, 10/26/1984. \"Get Back to the Country\" – 2:31 Recorded at Greek Theater, Berkeley, CA, 10/26/1984. \"Southern Pacific\" – 7:53 Recorded at Minnesota State Fair, St. Paul, 9/1/1985. \"Nothing Is Perfect\" – 5:02 Recorded at Minnesota State Fair, St. Paul, 9/1/1985. \"Grey Riders\" – 5:58 Recorded at Pier 84, New York, 9/10/1985. Personnel Neil Young – guitar, vocals Ben \"Long Grain\" Keith – pedal steel guitar, lap slide guitar, stringman, vocals Anthony Crawford – guitar, banjo, vocals Rufus Thibodeaux – fiddle Spooner Oldham – piano Tim Drummond – bass Karl T. Himmel – drums Hargus \"Pig\" Robbins – piano (on tracks 10, 11, 12) Joe Allen – bass (on tracks 10, 11, 12) Matraca Berg & Tracy Nelson – background vocals (on track 11) Audio production Recorded and mixed by Tim Mulligan, except track 1 by Terry Farris and track 3 by Jeff Peterson Mastering by Tim Mulligan at Redwood Digital, Woodside CA NYA Research by John Nowland and Joel Bernstein Blu-ray production Directed by Bernard Shakey Produced by Will Mitchell Executive Producer: Elliot Rabinowitz Editor: Atticus Culver-Rease Blu-ray Authoring, programming at MX, San Francisco, CA Post Production at Upstream Multimedia Graphics: Kris Kunz Production Assistance:", "title": "A Treasure" }, { "docid": "57749064", "text": "\"Harvest\" is a song written by Neil Young that was the title song of his 1972 album Harvest. Music and lyrics \"Harvest\" is a slow country dance tune. It has a slow tempo, and Uncut magazine contributor Graeme Thomson describes it as having a \"calm, strangely hypnotic quality.\" Young is backed on the song by the Stray Gators, with the addition of John Harris on piano. The piano plays a prominent role in the instrumentation. Sound on Sound editor Sam Inglis describes the drumming as \"minimalist,\" with drummer Kenny Buttrey using only one hand and playing only the snare drum and bass drum. The lyrics of \"Harvest\" are obscure. Music critic Johnny Rogan describes the lyrics as presenting rhetorical questions about a relationship with a woman. To Rogan, the singer wonders how much love he will receive from the relationship and the extent to which we will be able to accept – or harvest – that love. Music journalist Nigel Williamson regards the lyrics as reflecting Young's \"inability to accept happiness at face value.\" Williamson sees the refrain of \"Dream up, dream up/Let me fill your cup\" as another reference to the \"harvest\" in the title. Another interpretation of the lyrics is that they reflect the passage of time. Yet another interpretation is that the lyrics are about \"maturing out of adolescence.\" Young biographer Jimmy McDonough interprets lyrics such as \"Did she wake you up to tell you that/It was only a change of plan\" as referring to his then mother-in-law's previous suicide attempts. Inglis also interprets the line \"Did I see you down in a young girl's town/With your mother in so much pain\" as referring to this situation. Young biographer David Downing feels that the song works like a dream, being \"so full of recognition, yet so short on sense.\" Young has stated that this song, as well as \"Out on the Weekend\" and \"Heart of Gold\" from the same album, were inspired by his then blossoming love for actress Carrie Snodgress. Recording \"Harvest\" was recorded in April 1971. Unlike most of the songs on Harvest, which required a lot of mixing work, the released version of \"Harvest\" is a live two-track mix. Reception Inglis describes \"Harvest\" as one of Young's best confessional songs where he expresses his guilt about being unable accept and reciprocate all the love that a woman wants to give him. Thomson describes \"Harvest\" as \"underrated\" and \"the prettiest song on [Harvest].\" Allmusic critic Matthew Greenwald described it as having a \"retrained, artless grace that is truly timeless.\" McDonough regards it as \"the one truly great moment on Harvest.\" In 2014 the editors of Rolling Stone Magazine described \"Harvest\" as a \"lesser-known gem.\" On the other hand, in his initial review of the Harvest album, Rolling Stone Magazine critic John Mendelsohn criticized the Stray Gators playing as a \"flaccid imitation\" of Young's other backing band of the period, Crazy Horse. Young himself declared that \"'Harvest' is one of my best songs. That is the", "title": "Harvest (Neil Young song)" }, { "docid": "51855892", "text": "Desert Trip was a six-day music festival that took place on October 7–9 and 14–16, 2016, at the Empire Polo Club in Indio, California, United States. The performers were The Rolling Stones, Bob Dylan, Paul McCartney, Neil Young, Roger Waters, and The Who. The festival was dubbed \"Oldchella\" by Stereogum a few weeks before it was officially announced, referencing both the age of the performers and the fact that the concert was arranged by Goldenvoice, the company that also promotes the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival at the same venue. History Desert Trip was founded by Coachella co-founder, producer, and Goldenvoice chief, Paul Tollett. It was produced by Goldenvoice, the company that runs Coachella and is owned by AEG. According to The New York Times the average attendee spent $1,000 on the weekend event. Notable performances Bob Dylan opened the weekend with his song \"Rainy Day Women #12 & 35\". The Rolling Stones covered The Beatles' \"Come Together\". Paul McCartney opened his October 15 set with \"A Hard Day's Night\". In the same show, he surprised his audience with a performance of his song \"FourFiveSeconds\" with special guest Rihanna. He also invited Neil Young on the stage to perform \"Why Don't We Do It In The Road?\" for the first time ever and \"A Day In The Life\" with him. They then continued on to perform a cover of John Lennon's \"Give Peace A Chance\". Neil Young delivered his iconic song \"Harvest Moon\" to a large hunter's moon during weekend 2. The crowd cheered as the lyrics \"there's a full moon rising\" came up. Bob Dylan's October 14 performance came the day after he was announced as the 2016 Nobel Prize in Literature winner. Roger Waters notably used his performance to make negative comments about 2016 Republican Presidential nominee Donald Trump and cite his support of Palestine in its conflict with Israel. Lineup Friday, October 7, 14 Bob Dylan, The Rolling Stones Saturday, October 8, 15 Neil Young, Paul McCartney Sunday, October 9, 16 The Who, Roger Waters References External links Official Desert Trip website Music festivals in California Indio, California 2016 in California 2016 music festivals October 2016 events in the United States Music festivals established in 2016", "title": "Desert Trip" }, { "docid": "16861159", "text": "\"A Man Needs a Maid\" is a song written by Neil Young that was first released on his 1972 album Harvest. It is one of two songs on Harvest on which Young is accompanied by the London Symphony Orchestra. It has appeared on several of Young's live and compilation albums. Lyrics and music Music critic Johnny Rogan described the melody of \"A Man Needs a Maid\" as \"haunting.\" Allmusic critic William Ruhlmann said the words were \"an impressionistic musing by a man who is contemplating the start of a new romantic relationship.\" The lyrics of \"A Man Needs a Maid\" have generated controversy over chauvinistic interpretations. This may be the result of Young using the term \"maid\" with two meanings, first as a housekeeper to cook and clean for him, then leave. However, the rest of the lyrics express Young's feelings of insecurity, trying to balance his need for an equal relationship with a woman against his fear of being hurt by that relationship and just \"living alone and hiring help.\" This is apparent from the opening lines \"My life is changin' in so many ways/I don't know who to trust anymore\" before he starts singing about thinking of getting a maid. And even though he sings of the maid going away after doing the housework, after singing that \"a man needs a maid\" he goes on to ask \"When will I see you again?\" Music journalist Nigel Williamson adds another explanation for Young's desire for a maid, because he wrote the song while hospitalized after back surgery, so he literally did then need the services of a maid. Responding to the accusation of sexism from literal readings of the song, Young once pointed out that \"Robin Hood loved a maid long before women's liberation.\" Perhaps anticipating such criticism, Young remarked at an early performance of the song at the Boston Music Hall on January 21, 1971: In the last verse, Young describes watching a movie and falling in love with the actress. This is an autobiographical reference to Young falling in love with actress Carrie Snodgress, who would become the mother of Young's first son. Young had become smitten by Snodgress when he saw her playing the role of the titular housewife in the movie Diary of a Mad Housewife. Background and recording In live performances before recording Harvest, Young sang \"A Man Needs a Maid\" accompanying himself on piano. The earliest recordings were performed as a medley with the soon to be #1 hit \"Heart of Gold\". Later in the tour, \"Heart of Gold\" was sung separately with acoustic guitar. For the Harvest recording, Young added accompaniment by the London Symphony Orchestra, recorded at Barking Town Hall (later the Broadway theatre) in London in February 1971. Jack Nitzsche provided the orchestral arrangement. The Harvest recording begins with Young on solo piano with the orchestral accompaniment joining after the first statement of \"a man needs a maid.\" Several critics, including Johnny Rogan, found the orchestral accompaniment to be overblown.", "title": "A Man Needs a Maid (song)" }, { "docid": "4755987", "text": "Aaron Kenneth Buttrey (April 1, 1945 – September 12, 2004) was an American drummer and arranger. According to CMT, he was \"one of the most influential session musicians in Nashville history.\" Buttrey was born in Nashville, Tennessee, became a professional musician at age 11 and went on his first world tour at the age of 14 with Chet Atkins. He first worked with Charlie McCoy and went on to play with two of his own groups, Barefoot Jerry and Area Code 615. Area Code 615 was best known for its song \"Stone Fox Chase\", which was the theme song for the BBC music programme The Old Grey Whistle Test in the 1970s. Buttrey also played in the group Rig. However, he was best known as a session player and worked with a number of well-known musicians including Elvis Presley, Bob Dylan, and Neil Young. He appears on Presley's He Touched Me; Dylan's albums Blonde on Blonde, John Wesley Harding, Nashville Skyline, and Self Portrait; and Young's albums Harvest, Tonight's the Night, Harvest Moon, Unplugged, Silver & Gold, and Tuscaloosa. Other work included sessions for Joan Baez, Jimmy Buffett, J. J. Cale, Donovan, Dan Fogelberg, Al Kooper, Leo Kottke, Kris Kristofferson, Gordon Lightfoot, Mickey Newbury, Peggy Scott and Jo Jo Benson, Bob Seger, and Joe Simon. Buttrey was a member of Neil Young's touring band, the Stray Gators. In 1973, he left the Stray Gators during their tour, with some reports saying he was fired, while others said the fan attention was too much; Johnny Barbata replaced Buttrey in mid-tour. In 1979, Buttrey provided the drumming for Chuck Berry's studio album Rockit. Also in 1979, he played drums on contemporary Christian singer Don Francisco's album Got to Tell Somebody. Hit singles featuring Buttrey's playing include \"Rainy Day Women #12 & 35\", \"Heart of Gold\", \"The Chokin' Kind\", and \"Margaritaville\", but he was quoted as saying he was most proud of his drumming on Bob Dylan's \"Lay Lady Lay\". He was inducted in 2007 (postumously) into the Musicians Hall of Fame and Museum. Buttrey died of cancer in Nashville on September 12, 2004, at the age of 59. References 1945 births 2004 deaths American country singer-songwriters American country drummers American Southern rock musicians Singers from Nashville, Tennessee American session musicians Deaths from cancer in Tennessee 20th-century American drummers American male drummers Singer-songwriters from Tennessee 20th-century American singer-songwriters Country musicians from Tennessee 20th-century American male musicians American male singer-songwriters The Stray Gators members", "title": "Kenny Buttrey" }, { "docid": "4278893", "text": "\"Out on the Weekend\" is a song written by Neil Young that was the opening song of his 1972 album Harvest. Music and lyrics \"Out on the Weekend\" is a country ballad. Music lecturer Ken Bielen describes it as an \"easy-flowing pop song\". The Stray Gators provide the backing music. Allmusic critic Matthew Greenwald describes Ben Keith's playing on pedal steel to be a highlight of the song. Young biographer David Downing describes his pedal steel playing as having a \"blue-sky purity.\" According to Greenwald, the music has a \"searching, yearning melody that has the element of infinity and journey\" that perfectly reflects the theme of the lyrics. Sound on Sound editor Sam Inglis describes the mood of the song as being \"one of resignation, perhaps even exhaustion.\" The song starts by describing a man getting away from the big city. Although the singer is traveling, he is reflecting on his past with what Downing describes as being \"full of joy he can't relate to, floating in a dreamy sort of sadness.\" The lyrics then take on the theme of lovers who are lonely because they can't connect. Music critic Nigel Williamson describes the lyrics as reflecting an \"emotional ambivalence.\" There is a contrast between comforting images such as a woman who is \"so fine she is on [the singer's] mind\" and \"her big brass bed\" and a \"brand new day\" against images of \"a lonely boy\" who \"can't relate to joy\" and is \"so down today.\" Young recognized this contrast, stating \"Even when I'm happy it sounds like I'm not and when I try to say I'm happy I try to disguise it.\" About the boy who can't relate to joy Young stated that it \"just means I'm so happy that I can't get it all out. But it doesn't sound happy. The way I wrote it sounds sad, like I tried to hide it.\" Young has stated that this song, as well as \"Harvest\" and \"Heart of Gold\" from the same album, were inspired by his then blossoming love for actress Carrie Snodgress. Reception Bielen claims \"Out on the Weekend\" has a \"catchy hook\" and could have been a hit if it was released as a single. According to music critic Johnny Rogan, the opening line of \"Think I'll pack it in and buy a pickup\" is one of Young's best expressions of \"laid-back star-weariness.\" Inglis describes it as \"a relatively slight song\" but acknowledges that it \"exemplifies the finesse at the heart of the Harvest sound. Inglis feels that combination of Young's \"garage-band aesthetic\" with \"Nashville professionalism\" \"worked perfectly\" on \"Out on the Weekend.\" On the other hand, in his initial review of the Harvest album, Rolling Stone Magazine critic John Mendelsohn criticized the Stray Gators' playing as a \"flaccid imitation\" of Young's other backing band of the period, Crazy Horse. Lady Gaga covered a verse from \"Out on the Weekend\" within her song \"Fooled Me Again, Honest Eyes.\" References 1972 songs Songs written by Neil Young", "title": "Out on the Weekend" }, { "docid": "570622", "text": "Harvest moon may refer to: Harvest moon, the full moon closest to the autumnal equinox. Arts and entertainment Film and television The Harvest Moon, a 1920 American silent drama film Music Harvest Moon (album), 1992, by Neil Young \"Harvest Moon\" (Neil Young song) Harvest Moon, a 2013 album by 2Yoon, or the title track \"Harvest Moon\", a song by Blue Öyster Cult from the 1998 album Heaven Forbid \"Shine On, Harvest Moon\", an early-1900s vaudeville song \"Harvest Moon (for Dallas)\", a song by The Magic Lantern from the 2020 single \"The Life That I Have\" Gaming Story of Seasons, a life simulation series previously branded as Harvest Moon in English Harvest Moon (video game), the first game in the series, released in 1996 for the Super NES Harvest Moon (2014 video game series), a life simulation series separate from the Story of Seasons series Other uses Mid-Autumn Festival, also known as the Harvest Moon Festival Harvest Moon Benefit Festival, an annual concert series in Cincinnati, Ohio Harvest Moon, a variety of Blue Moon beer Operation Harvest Moon, a 1965 Vietnam War operation Project Harvest Moon, an Apollo-era proposal for commercialization of the Moon USS Harvest Moon (1863), a Union gunboat in the American Civil War", "title": "Harvest moon (disambiguation)" }, { "docid": "8915407", "text": "\"Tell Me Why\" is the opening track on Neil Young's album After the Gold Rush. Written by Young, it was first introduced during the Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young shows of 1970 prior to the release of Déjà Vu. The song also appears on Live at Massey Hall 1971. Composition and lyrics Musically, the song marks a shift from the hard rock of 1969's Everybody Knows This Is Nowhere and bears more folk and country influences, which would continue onto 1972's Harvest. The only instruments are two acoustic guitars, played by Young and Nils Lofgren. He is, however, backed by the vocal harmonies of Crazy Horse during the choruses. 'Tell Me Why' has a simple lyrical structure, with two verses each followed by a bridge then chorus, and one final bridge and chorus before a short instrumental outro. The chorus line \"Tell me why, tell me why/Is it hard to make arrangements with yourself/When you're old enough to repay/but young enough to sell?\" is the most famous line from the song, typifying the introspective and melancholic nature of not just this song, but the whole album. The guitar is tuned down to D Standard (every string tuned a whole step down from standard tuning). Cover versions Norah Jones has covered 'Tell Me Why' and so has Radiohead, most notably at the White River Amphitheatre and the Hollywood Bowl in 2008. The song is a favorite of Red Hot Chili Peppers bassist Flea. References Neil Young songs 1970 songs Songs written by Neil Young Song recordings produced by David Briggs (record producer) Hemingway Corner songs Song recordings produced by Neil Young", "title": "Tell Me Why (Neil Young song)" }, { "docid": "41703540", "text": "Ghost Riders in the Sky is a studio album by country singer Slim Whitman released by United Artists in 1978. The title track was released in the UK in 1979 as a 7-inch single backed with \"Carolina Moon\". Track listing Side 1 \"Ghost Riders in the Sky” (Stan Jones) – 3:17 \"Carolina Moon\" (Benny Davis, Joe Burke) – 2:38 \"All Kinds of Everything” (Derry Lindsay, Jack Smith) – 3:00 \"Girl of My Dreams\" (Sunny Clapp) – 2:48 ”Margie” (Benny Davis, Con Conrad, J. Russel Robinson) 2:07 \"A Perfect Day\" (Carrie Jacobs Bond) – 2:41 Side 2 \"Calypso\" (John Denver) – 2:46 \"You Are My Sunshine” (Jimmie Davis, Charles Mitchell) – 3:02 \"Puff the Magic Dragon” (Peter Yarrow, Leonard Lipton) – 3:22 \"Tears Stained My Pillow\" (Byron Keith Whitman) – 2:25 \"When It's Harvest Time Sweet Angeline\" (Charley Kisco, Harry Tobias, Neil Morat) – 1:49 \"Goodbye Little Darlin' Goodbye\" (Gene Autry, Johnny Marvin) – 3:09 Personnel Harold Bradley – Electric Guitar Ray Edenton – Rhythm Guitar Sonny Garrish – Steel Guitar David Bird – Keyboards Buddy Harman – Bass Strings – Lisa Silver, Sam Terranova, Peter \"Zeke\" Dawson, Krysten Wilkinson, Martha Wiggins and Earl Spielman Background Vocals – The Nashville Sounds and on \"Tears Stained My Pillow\" The Jordanaires Production Producers: Alan Warner and Scotty Turner Orchestral Arranger: Earl Spielman Engineer: Les Ladd Recorded at Woodland Sound Studios, Nashville References Slim Whitman albums 1978 albums United Artists Records albums", "title": "Ghost Riders in the Sky (album)" }, { "docid": "47331775", "text": "Behold the Kingdom was an American Christian metal and Christian hardcore band, and they primarily played deathcore, metalcore, and hardcore punk. They come from Sidney, Ohio. The band started making music in 2009, and their membership was lead vocalist, Josh Moon, lead guitarists, Riley Snyder and Derrik Young, bassist, Mark Baker, and drummer, Cliff Deweese. Their first studio album, The Eyes of the Wicked Will Fail, was released by Rottweiler Records, in 2011, which was the only album from the band, who disbanded in 2013. Background Behold the Kingdom is a Christian metal and Christian hardcore band from Sidney, Ohio. Their members were lead vocalist, Joseph Bellmer, lead guitarists, Riley Snyder and Derrik Young, bassist, Mark Baker, and drummer, Sebastian Salinas. Started in 2009 by Riley Snyder, Cliff Deweese, and Josh Moon, Behold The Kingdom performed under the name Arelim before adding Mark Baker and Derrik Young into the fold. Shortly after the additions of Baker and Young, the group underwent a name change and became Behold The Kingdom. After beginning to play shows across Ohio and Indiana, Behold The Kingdom gained the attention of Standby Records (Before Their Eyes, Emarosa, Black Veil Brides) CEO Neil Sheehan. The band recorded two singles, \"Poveglia\" and \"185,000\" at Chin Music Studios in Cleveland, Ohio, a studio owned by Neil Sheehan. Shortly after recording both songs, vocalist Josh Moon parted ways with the band and vocalist Zach Robbins was chosen as his replacement. After the addition of Zach Robbins to the band, Behold The Kingdom began touring and expanding their fan base again. The band once again hit the studio with Saud Ahmed (The Crimson Armada, The Holy Guile) with Robbins on vocals. Soon after recording with Saud Ahmed, Zach Robbins parted ways with Behold The Kingdom and the band began searching for a new vocalist. Rumors that original vocalist Josh Moon would rejoin the band began circulating, before the band settled on Joseph Bellmer as their new vocalist. After adding Bellmer, Behold The Kingdom began touring again and quickly grabbed the attention of Ft. Wayne, Indiana based Rottweiler Records. After negotiations, Behold The Kingdom was signed to Rottweiler Records and began recording their first full-length studio album, The Eyes of the Wicked Will Fail. Shortly after recording the album and following tours to support the release of the album, drummer Cliff Deweese decided to part ways with the band. After the departure of Deweese, the band began searching for a new drummer, before settling on Colorado native Sebastian Salinas to fill the void. After the addition of Salinas, the band continued to tour in support of the album, before disbanding in 2013. It was recently announced on the group's Facebook page that there will be a reunion in 2017 or 2018, featuring the original members of the band (Moon, Snyder, Young, Baker, and Deweese). Music history The band commenced as a musical entity in 2009, with their first release, The Eyes of the Wicked Will Fail, a studio album, that was released", "title": "Behold the Kingdom" }, { "docid": "1059703", "text": "Dale Crover (born October 23, 1967) is an American rock musician. Crover is best known as the drummer for Melvins and has also been the drummer for Men of Porn, Shrinebuilder, Crystal Fairy and, for a brief time, Nirvana. He is also guitarist and vocalist for Altamont. He has toured with Fantômas (filling in for Dave Lombardo), Off!, and Redd Kross. In 2016, Rolling Stone listed him as the 69th greatest drummer of all time. Biography Melvins recruited Crover on drums in 1984 from an Iron Maiden cover band, following original drummer Mike Dillard's departure. Crover has been one of the two constant members of the Melvins, along with frontman Buzz Osborne, and is the only band member besides Osborne to appear on all their studio albums. In late 1985, Crover played bass in Fecal Matter, a band he formed with Kurt Cobain and Greg Hokanson. After Hokanson left the band, Cobain and Crover recorded Illiteracy Will Prevail on a 4-track on Easter 1986 at Cobain's aunt's home in Burien, Washington. Crover played bass and drums on the demo. \"Spank Thru\" from this demo appears on the Nirvana album Sliver: The Best of the Box. Fecal Matter disbanded in 1986. Crover drummed on Nirvana's ten-song demo recorded January 23, 1988, at Reciprocal Recording Studios in Seattle. Nine of these songs have been officially released: \"Floyd the Barber\", \"Paper Cuts\", and \"Downer\" – Bleach \"Beeswax\", \"Downer\", \"Hairspray Queen\", \"Mexican Seafood\", and \"Aero Zeppelin\" – Incesticide \"If You Must\" and \"Pen Cap Chew\" – With the Lights Out Nirvana with Crover played a 14-song show in Tacoma, Washington, on the night of the same day that they did the demo session. Three cuts from the show – \"Downer\", \"Floyd the Barber\", and \"Raunchola\"/\"Moby Dick\" – appear on With the Lights Out. Later in 1988, Crover and Melvins' bandmate Buzz Osborne relocated to San Francisco, California. Crover briefly rejoined Nirvana during a short west-coast tour with Sonic Youth in August 1990. In April 1991, Crover drummed on a demo version of \"Drain You\" with Cobain on guitar and vocals and Dave Grohl on bass guitar. The track appears on With the Lights Out. Crover is also credited as the drummer on most of the tracks on Mike Patton's Peeping Tom project from 2006. In 1994, Crover founded the band Altamont with Joey Osbourne and Dan Southwick of Acid King. He produced and performed additional vocals on Acid King's début release that year. During this time he was also married to Acid King's frontwoman Lori S., but they divorced. Nirvana was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in April 2014. Although not officially inducted with the band, he was singled out for his work with them during Crover's successor Dave Grohl's acceptance speech. He has released several records under his own name and as the Dale Crover Band. Appearances Dale Crover made an appearance in Neil Young's video \"Harvest Moon\" playing Neil Young. This was largely due to his physical resemblance", "title": "Dale Crover" }, { "docid": "12007227", "text": "Vendela Astrid Young (born August 16, 1962) is a Canadian musician. She is the daughter of journalist, sportswriter, and novelist Scott Young and his second wife Astrid Carlson, and the half-sister of fellow musician Neil Young, who bought her her first amplifier in the 1970s. After a brief run with 1980s glam metal group Sacred Child, she went on to record backup vocals on several albums through most of the 1980s and 1990s. Her vocals appeared on the Neil Young albums Unplugged, Road Rock Vol. 1 and the Grammy-nominated Harvest Moon. In 2002, she performed lead vocals and played the bass guitar on rock band iST's album Pokalolo Paniolo. Young has also released three solo albums, Brainflower in 1995, Matinee in 2002 and One Night at Giant Rock in 2014, which was co-produced by Victor DeLorenzo. In addition to writing a Canadian bestselling book, Being Young, Young has also co-written music with many fellow musicians, including Nancy Wilson, Lisa Dalbello and the late West Arkeen. Young is also a certified sommelier publishing award-winning wine lists. Discography Videos Neil Young & Crazy Horse: The Complex Sessions (1995) Neil Young MTV Unplugged (1993) Neil Young: Friends and Relatives – Red Rocks Live (2000) Other ventures She both wrote and starred in a movie titled Haunted. Since 2018 Young has worked as the director of wine at the award winning boutique luxury hotel Merrill house, located near her homestead in Picton Ontario. References External links Astrid Young's Official Website 1962 births Canadian women rock singers Canadian women singer-songwriters Living people People from Prince Edward County, Ontario Singers from Toronto 20th-century Canadian women singers 21st-century Canadian women singers Canadian women guitarists Canadian rock guitarists Canadian rock bass guitarists Canadian women bass guitarists Neil Young 20th-century Canadian singer-songwriters 21st-century Canadian singer-songwriters", "title": "Astrid Young" }, { "docid": "8991716", "text": "Live at Massey Hall 1971 is a live album by Canadian musician Neil Young. Released in 2007, the album features a solo acoustic performance by Young at Massey Hall in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, on 19 January 1971 during his Journey Through the Past Solo Tour. It is the second release in Young's Archives Performance Series. The album reached #1 in Canada with 11,000 units sold in its first week. It debuted at #9 on the Irish Charts, #30 on the UK albums chart, and #6 on the Billboard 200 on 31 March 2007, with 57,000 copies sold. It spent 11 weeks on the latter chart, and in 2009 was named by Fretbase as the second-best album featuring a singer-songwriter on acoustic guitar of all time. The CD release is paired with a DVD featuring footage from a performance at the Shakespeare Theatre in Stratford, Connecticut. Setlist Though the set of songs featured that night was similar to other concerts during the tour, the bulk of the songs played would have been unfamiliar to the audience. Of the eighteen songs Young performed during his second set that night, only eight had already appeared on record. These include songs that Young recorded with the bands Buffalo Springfield and Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young, or had released on one of his three solo albums to date. Five additional songs performed would appear one year later on the landmark album Harvest (though there are noticeable differences in the lyrics to \"A Man Needs a Maid\"). One song, \"Bad Fog of Loneliness\", makes its first appearance with this release. The remaining four songs were included on several of Young's subsequent 1970s albums: \"Love in Mind\" and \"Journey Through the Past\" appeared on the 1973 live album Time Fades Away; \"See the Sky About to Rain\" was released in a different arrangement on the 1974 album On the Beach; and \"Dance Dance Dance\" appeared on Crazy Horse's February 1971 debut album, and was rewritten with new lyrics for the 1977 compilation album Decade as \"Love Is a Rose\". The reworked version later became a hit for Linda Ronstadt. Many of the songs appear in a form that virtually duplicates live takes found on other albums. \"Cowgirl in the Sand\", \"Don't Let It Bring You Down\", and \"Down By the River\" are unchanged from the versions that appear on 4 Way Street. \"Journey Through the Past\" and \"Love in Mind\" are similar to the performances found on Time Fades Away. \"The Needle and the Damage Done\" appeared as a live track on the studio album Harvest. Track listing All songs written by Neil Young. \"On the Way Home\" – 3:42 \"Tell Me Why\" – 2:29 \"Old Man\" – 4:57 \"Journey Through the Past\" – 4:15 \"Helpless\" – 4:16 \"Love in Mind\" – 2:47 \"A Man Needs a Maid/Heart of Gold Suite\" – 6:39 \"Cowgirl in the Sand\" – 3:45 \"Don't Let It Bring You Down\" – 2:46 \"There's a World\" – 3:33 \"Bad Fog of Loneliness\" –", "title": "Live at Massey Hall 1971" }, { "docid": "1399549", "text": "Greatest Hits is Neil Young's third compilation album after Decade and Lucky Thirteen. Eleven of the first twelve tracks appear on Decade, and the disc spans his solo career from 1969 through 1992. On the rear cover of the album, Young comments that the tracks were selected \"based on original record sales, airplay and known download history\". Mastering All tracks on this album were mastered using the HDCD process, which Young had been utilizing for his studio work since 1995. The album was also released as a high-resolution DVD Video disc with 24bit 96 kHz audio, and in a two-disc format including the audio album plus a bonus DVD with videos for \"Rockin' in the Free World\" and \"Harvest Moon\". Extensive notes on the remastering process can be found on Young's website. On the press release, Young said: Track listing 7\" single Issued exclusively with the vinyl edition of the album Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts Certifications References External links Greatest Hits Technical Notes at neilyoung.com (requires Flash) 2004 greatest hits albums Neil Young compilation albums 2004 video albums Music video compilation albums Reprise Records compilation albums Reprise Records video albums Albums produced by Neil Young Albums produced by David Crosby Albums produced by Graham Nash Albums produced by Stephen Stills Albums produced by Elliot Mazer Albums produced by Ben Keith Albums produced by Niko Bolas", "title": "Greatest Hits (Neil Young album)" }, { "docid": "3643966", "text": "Road Rock Vol. 1: Friends & Relatives is a live album released in 2000 by Canadian / American musician Neil Young. The \"friends and relatives\" include Ben Keith, Chrissie Hynde, Duck Dunn, Young's then wife, Pegi, and his sister, Astrid. The album features an unreleased song, \"Fool for Your Love\", which dates from Young's This Note's for You period and a Bob Dylan cover, \"All Along the Watchtower\". A companion DVD/VHS video called Red Rocks Live, Neil Young Friends & Relatives was also released to accompany the album, containing footage from Young's concerts at Red Rocks Amphitheater recorded on Sep 19 & 20, 2000. Red Rocks Live was recorded by David Hewitt on Remote Recording Services' Silver Truck. Track listing CD All tracks composed by Neil Young; except where indicated \"Cowgirl in the Sand\" – 18:11 - San Diego 9/25/2000 \"Walk On\" – 4:01 - Vancouver 10/1/2000 \"Fool for Your Love\" (previously unreleased) – 3:20 - Santa Barbara 9/28/2000 \"Peace of Mind\" – 4:52 - Vancouver 10/1/2000 \"Words\" – 11:07 - Vancouver 10/1/2000 \"Motorcycle Mama\" – 4:12 - San Diego 9/25/2000 \"Tonight's the Night\" – 10:34 - San Diego 9/25/2000 \"All Along the Watchtower\" (Bob Dylan) – 8:11 - Cleveland 8/29/2000 DVD \"Intro\" \"Motorcycle Mama\" \"Powderfinger\" \"Everybody Knows This Is Nowhere\" \"I Believe In You\" \"Unknown Legend\" \"Fool For Your Love\" \"Buffalo Springfield Again\" \"Razor Love\" \"Daddy Went Walkin'\" \"Peace of Mind\" \"Walk On\" \"Winterlong\" \"Bad Fog of Loneliness\" \"Words\" \"Harvest Moon\" \"World on a String\" \"Tonight's The Night\" \"Cowgirl In The Sand\" \"Credits\" \"Mellow My Mind\" Personnel Neil Young - guitar, piano, vocals Ben Keith - guitar, lap slide, pedal steel, vocals Spooner Oldham - piano, Wurlitzer electric piano, Hammond B3 organ Donald \"Duck\" Dunn - bass Jim Keltner - drums, percussion Astrid Young - vocals Pegi Young - vocals Chrissie Hynde - guitar, vocals on \"All Along the Watchtower\" References Neil Young live albums 2000 live albums Reprise Records live albums Albums produced by Neil Young Albums produced by Ben Keith", "title": "Road Rock Vol. 1" }, { "docid": "12138103", "text": "Shooting at the Moon is the second solo album of Kevin Ayers, on Harvest Records. David Ross Smith of AllMusic writes: Background In early 1970, Ayers assembled a band he called The Whole World to tour his debut LP Joy of a Toy that included a young Mike Oldfield, David Bedford, Lol Coxhill, Mick Fincher, the folk singer Bridget St. John and Robert Wyatt. After a UK tour, Ayers took the Whole World into the studio to cut an LP, produced, like his debut, with Peter Jenner. The line-up produced a heady mixture of ideas and experimentation with two distinctive styles emerging; carefree ballads like \"Clarence in Wonderland\" and \"May I?\" abutted the avant-garde experimentation of songs like \"Reinhardt and Geraldine\" and \"Underwater\". The album has since become a best seller in Ayers' catalogue. Although The Whole World disbanded shortly after the release, the nucleus of the group would contribute to Ayers next LP, Whatevershebringswesing. Ayers released a single of exclusive material at the time \"Butterfly Dance\" coupled with \"Puis Je?\" (a French-language version of \"May I?\") Gorky's Zygotic Mynci, who were big fans of Ayers, referred to Shooting at the Moon as \"the best album ever made\" in the sleeve notes to their 1994 album Tatay. In 1998, The Wire named Shooting at the Moon one of the \"100 Records That Set The World On Fire (When No One Was Listening)\". It was voted number 943 in Colin Larkin's All Time Top 1000 Albums 3rd Edition (2000). Harvest Records re-released the album on CD in 2003. Track listing All songs written by Kevin Ayers Side one \"May I?\" – (4:01) \"Rheinhardt & Geraldine/Colores Para Dolores\" – (5:41) \"Lunatics Lament\" – (4:53) \"Pisser Dans un Violon\" – (8:02) Side two \"The Oyster and the Flying Fish\" – (2:37) \"Underwater\" – (3:54) \"Clarence in Wonderland\" – (2:06) \"Red Green and You Blue\" – (3:52) \"Shooting at the Moon\" – (5:53) Track listing 2003 CD reissue \"May I?\" – 4:01 \"Rheinhardt & Geraldine/Colores Para Dolores\" – 5:41 \"Lunatics Lament\" – 4:53 \"Pisser Dans un Violon\" – 8:02 \"The Oyster and the Flying Fish\" – 2:37 \"Underwater\" – 3:54 \"Clarence in Wonderland\" – 2:06 \"Red Green and You Blue\" – 3:52 \"Shooting at the Moon\" – 5:53 \"Gemini Child\" – 3:16 \"Puis Je?\" – 3:41 \"Butterfly Dance\" – 3:45 \"Jolie Madame\" – 2:26 \"Hat\" – 5:27 Personnel Musicians Kevin Ayers – guitar, bass, vocals The Whole World David Bedford – organ, piano, accordion, marimbaphone, guitar Lol Coxhill – saxophone, zoblophone Mike Oldfield – bass, guitar and vocal Mick Fincher – drums, percussion, bottles & ashtrays The Whole World Chorus – backing vocals Additional musicians Bridget St. John – vocals (\"The Oyster And The Flying Fish\") Robert Wyatt – vocals (\"Colores Para Delores\") Technical Peter Jenner – producer Peter Mews – engineer Tom Fu – cover References I’m Just Moonlight's Lost Disciple – Shooting at the Moon liner notes by Martin Wakeling (Harvest Sept 2006) Shooting at the Moon – original LP notes 1970", "title": "Shooting at the Moon (album)" }, { "docid": "13757112", "text": "Borrowed Tunes II is a tribute album to Neil Young, released October 16, 2007. The album features a variety of Canadian musicians covering songs written by Neil Young. All proceeds from album sales will benefit two not-for-profit organizations selected by Neil Young: The Bridge School and Toronto-based Safehaven. Track listing Disc 1 54-40, \"Borrowed Tune\" Jets Overhead, \"Mr. Soul\" Dala, \"Ohio (Medley)\" Barenaked Ladies, \"Wonderin'\" City and Colour, \"Cowgirl In the Sand\" Harpoondodger & Pat Robitaille, \"Sugar Mountain\" Great Lake Swimmers, \"Don't Cry No Tears\" Danny Michel, \"After the Goldrush\" Finger Eleven, \"Walk On\" Andre, \"Alabama\" Tom Cochrane, \"Old Man\" Tom Wilson, \"Expecting to Fly\" Chantal Kreviazuk, \"A Man Needs a Maid\" Alana Levandoski, \"Don't Be Denied\" Ron Sexsmith, \"Philadelphia\" Dave Gunning, \"A Dream That Can Last\" Melissa McClelland, \"Cinnamon Girl\" Liam Titcomb, \"Bandit\" Kyle Riabko, \"Helpless\" Disc 2 Neverending White Lights, \"Change Your Mind\" Raine Maida, \"Don't Let It Bring You Down\" Jeremy Fisher, \"Harvest The Trews, \"Come On Baby Let's Go Downtown\" Jorane, \"Needle and the Damage Done\" Grimskunk, \"Rockin' In the Free World\" Matt Mays, \"Sample and Hold\" Astrid Young, \"Sleeps With Angels\" Attack in Black, \"A Man Needs a Maid\" Blackie & The Rodeo Kings, \"Unknown Legend\" Adrienne Pierce, \"Pocahontas\" Joel Kroeker, \"When God Made Me\" The Saint Alvia Cartel, \"Thrasher\" Justin Nozuka, \"Bad Fog of Loneliness\" Cuff the Duke, \"Words (Between the Lines of Age)\" Tara MacLean, \"Natural Beauty\" George Canyon, \"Harvest Moon\" Chris Seldon, \"Long May You Run\" Compilation albums by Canadian artists Neil Young tribute albums 2007 compilation albums", "title": "Borrowed Tunes II: A Tribute to Neil Young" }, { "docid": "25462694", "text": "Closer to You: The Pop Side is a compilation album by American jazz singer Cassandra Wilson, released in 2009. Reception Jeff Simon of The Buffalo News stated, \"Bless her, Cassandra Wilson has always done this. Even when she was the Queen of Brooklyn's thorny M-Base jazz radicals a couple decades ago -- and not yet the greatest living jazz singer as she is now -- her discs would have one or two pop hits on them, interpreted in the most inimitable way... Call it ultra-smart marketing if you want but there's a lot of marvelous music here.\" Track listing \"Love Is Blindness\" (Bono, Adam Clayton, The Edge, Larry Mullen Jr.) — 4:54 \"Time After Time\" (Rob Hyman, Cyndi Lauper) – 4:07 \"Fragile\" (Sting) — 4:36 \"Closer to You\" (Jakob Dylan) — 5:48 \"Last Train to Clarksville\" (Tommy Boyce, Bobby Hart) — 5:16 \"The Weight\" (Robbie Robertson) – 6:05 \"Tupelo Honey\" (Van Morrison) - 5:37 \"Harvest Moon\" (Neil Young) — 5:02 \"I Can't Stand the Rain\" (Don Bryant, Bernard Miller, Ann Peebles) - 5:28 \"Lay Lady Lay\" (Bob Dylan) — 5:08 \"Wichita Lineman\" (Jimmy Webb) – 5:49 Chart performance References Cassandra Wilson albums 2009 compilation albums Covers albums Pop compilation albums Blue Note Records compilation albums", "title": "Closer to You: The Pop Side" }, { "docid": "10909494", "text": "\"Kentucky Woman\" is a 1967 song written and originally recorded by Neil Diamond. Background Diamond recorded \"Kentucky Woman\" as his last hit single for Bang Records. The song was mixed in monophonic, which is the common version heard on all Neil Diamond compilations featuring original Bang singles. The only known stereo mix was done in 1978 for a Frog King/Columbia House album called Early Classics, which has never been released on CD. Chart history Released in October 1967, it reached number 22 on the U.S. pop singles chart, number 58 on the Australian charts, and number 6 on the Canadian charts. Deep Purple cover Another well-known version is the 1968 recording by Deep Purple. The group's cover had vastly different instrumental feel, if not vocal line. It was their second single release in 1968. It managed to reach #38 on the Billboard Hot 100, #21 Canadian RPM charts, and #27 on the Australian Singles Chart where it was released as a double A-Side with \"Hush.\" The single version is an edit of the album version and is four minutes and four seconds in length. Cash Box said that it has a \"heavy dance beat and a splendid instrumental burst.\" A remastered version appears on the 30th anniversary album The Very Best of Deep Purple and runs a full four minutes and forty five seconds. Both those versions end on a fadeout. The album version, which does not fade out at the end, is 5 minutes and 31 seconds in length. Deep Purple played \"Kentucky Woman\" live on tour in 1968 and 1969, even after Ian Gillan and Roger Glover joined the band in the summer of 1969. It has never been on Deep Purple's set list since. The song was also featured in Quentin Tarantino's 2019 film and soundtrack for Once Upon a Time in Hollywood. Other covers Waylon Jennings also released a version on his 1968 album, Only the Greatest. Gary Puckett & The Union Gap included a cover of the song on their first album, Woman, Woman. Neil Diamond re-recorded the song for his 1996 country album Tennessee Moon. He performed the song with Jennings on a TV special to promote the album. References 1967 singles 1968 singles Songs written by Neil Diamond Neil Diamond songs Deep Purple songs Gary Puckett & The Union Gap songs 1967 songs Bang Records singles Harvest Records singles Parlophone singles Songs about Kentucky", "title": "Kentucky Woman" }, { "docid": "23595236", "text": "\"Bad Fog of Loneliness\" is a song written by Canadian singer-songwriter Neil Young, recorded in 1971 but not released until 2007 on the album Live at Massey Hall 1971, in 2009 on The Archives Vol. 1 1963-1972 and in 2013 on Live at the Cellar Door. It also appeared on Young's live \"Red Rocks\" DVD released in 2000. In the introduction to the Live at Massey Hall version, Young explains that he originally intended to perform the song on the Johnny Cash Show but his appearance was canceled. By the time he was rescheduled to appear in February 1971, he decided that the song was \"too old\" and would perform something else instead (he eventually did two other brand new songs, \"The Needle and the Damage Done\" and \"Journey Through the Past\"). A studio version of the song also appears on The Archives Vol. 1, featuring Ben Keith on pedal steel guitar, Tim Drummond on bass guitar, Kenny Buttrey on drums, and Linda Ronstadt and James Taylor on background vocals. The fact that this is the same line-up that recorded \"Heart of Gold\" and \"Old Man\" strongly suggests that this version was recorded as part of the Harvest sessions on February 6–7, 1971. \"Bad Fog of Loneliness\" has much in common with much of what Young was writing at the time. The riff in the introduction is reminiscent of that of \"The Needle and the Damage Done\", and the change from 4/4 to 3/4 time in the bridge is similar to what he does in \"Words (Between the Lines of Age)\". Songs about loneliness Neil Young songs 1971 songs Songs written by Neil Young Song recordings produced by Neil Young Song recordings produced by David Briggs (record producer)", "title": "Bad Fog of Loneliness" }, { "docid": "3336237", "text": "Unplugged is a live album by Canadian singer-songwriter Neil Young, released on June 15, 1993, on Reprise. Recorded on February 7, 1993, the album is an installment of the MTV series, Unplugged. The performance was also released on VHS. Background and recording The recording of Unplugged was reportedly rife with tension, with Young displeased with the performances of many of his band members. The released version was his second attempt at recording a set suitable for airing and release. The track \"Stringman\" was recorded for Young's notoriously unreleased studio album Chrome Dreams. Track listing All tracks composed by Neil Young \"The Old Laughing Lady\" – 5:15 \"Mr. Soul\" – 3:54 \"World on a String\" – 3:02 \"Pocahontas\" – 5:06 \"Stringman\" (previously unreleased) – 4:01 \"Like a Hurricane\" – 4:44 \"The Needle and the Damage Done\" – 2:52 \"Helpless\" – 5:48 \"Harvest Moon\" – 5:20 \"Transformer Man\" – 3:36 \"Unknown Legend\" – 4:47 \"Look Out for My Love\" – 5:57 \"Long May You Run\" – 5:22 \"From Hank to Hendrix\" – 5:51 In addition to the tracks found on this album, Neil Young performed the following songs live during the performance: \"Dreamin' Man\" \"Sample and Hold\" \"War of Man\" \"Winterlong\" Personnel Neil Young - guitar, harmonica, piano, pump organ, lead vocals Nils Lofgren - guitar, autoharp, accordion, backing vocals Ben Keith - Dobro Spooner Oldham - piano, pump organ Tim Drummond - bass Oscar Butterworth - drums Astrid Young - backing vocals Nicolette Larson - backing vocals Larry Cragg - broom on \"Harvest Moon\" Charts Certifications and sales References Unplugged (Young, Neil album) Albums produced by David Briggs (producer) Neil Young live albums 1993 live albums Reprise Records live albums", "title": "Unplugged (Neil Young album)" }, { "docid": "47236334", "text": "On April 18, 2015, Blitzen Trapper released Live Harvest for Record Store Day. Recorded on October 17 at the Doug Fir Lounge in Portland, Oregon at the end of the band's VII tour, Live Harvest is a song-for-song interpretation of Neil Young's 1972 album Harvest. The album was released as a 180 gram vinyl LP with a download card. The band launched a short tour in support of the record, including stops at several City Winery locations in New York, Nashville, and Chicago, in which they played Harvest in its entirety, as well as Blitzen Trapper songs. Blitzen Trapper's interest in Neil Young goes back before the band's inception: \"\"All of us have disparate tastes which comes out in our own stuff, but Neil Young is a common thread that’s run through all of our lives,\" bassist Michael Van Pelt stated, \"I remember listening to Harvest on cassette in Eric’s mom’s car back in high school ... It’s a special record, and it gets pretty dark in spots, too. Darker than I remember.\" Lead singer Eric Earley elaborated, \"I think we all knew the record before we even tried to play it. It’s one of those records that takes us to that place of comfort and nostalgia like The Dukes Of Hazzard or a Chevy Impala. It just feels good to play it.\" Though the band had long been familiar with the original album, the conception for the cover album was spontaneous. Van Pelt said of Earley, \"Eric just came in one day and said, ‘Let’s do Harvest at the Doug Fir,' ... We were all like, ‘Yeah!'\" Unusually, Earley doesn't sing lead on every song on the album; keyboardist Marty Marquis - who has sung lead on the band's song \"Jericho\" - performs a stripped-down version of \"A Man Needs a Maid,\" while drummer Brian Adrian Koch performs lead duties for the first time on a Blitzen Trapper record, on \"The Needle and the Damage Done.\" Website Stereogum teased the release with an exclusive premiere of the song, \"Heart of Gold,\" eight days before the album's release. Stereogum called the track a \"graceful rendition,\" stating that, \"the band immaculately reconstructed [the song] from familiar components — the introductory wavering harmonica line, the chorus’ soaring slide guitar, and even the timid barn-door drumming ... It feels good to hear it.\" Reception Review site PopMatters gave the record seven out of ten stars, stating, \"Blitzen Trapper ... [has] positioned themselves as the rough hewn renegades Young ... aspired to be ... Their live take on the album comes across as a tributes of sorts, a nod to Young as the forerunner of all that’s unpredictable and spontaneous when it comes to making music - i.e. the ability to defy expectations and his leave the public gasping with anticipation. That’s likely one reason they don’t play with the template. The arrangements remain true to the originals, sans the orchestration and cameos (Stephen Stills, James Taylor, Linda Rondstadt et. al.) that helped accentuate", "title": "Live Harvest" }, { "docid": "9289832", "text": "The Stray Gators was the name given by Neil Young to his supporting musicians from 1971 to 1973 and who backed him on the albums Harvest (1972) and Time Fades Away (1973). It consisted of Jack Nitzsche (piano), Ben Keith (steel guitar), Tim Drummond (bass) and Kenny Buttrey (drums); the latter replaced during the Time Fades Away tour by Johnny Barbata. Former Crazy Horse rhythm guitarist Danny Whitten briefly joined the group in 1972 but was fired by Young due to his poor performance during tour rehearsals, precipitating his death from an accidental overdose immediately thereafter. History While in Nashville to tape an episode of The Johnny Cash Show, Young was convinced to record some of his new tracks in Elliot Mazer's Quadrafonic Sound Studios. Since it was a Saturday night, Mazer scrambled to find musicians who were not working that night and was able to bring in Drummond, Keith, and Buttrey. Over two nights they recorded four tracks that would end up on Harvest. Young then used frequent collaborator Nitzsche to arrange and produce two tracks with an orchestra. He then brought the three Nashville musicians and Nitzsche to his ranch in California to record the three electric-guitar songs in his barn. At some point, he dubbed this new group The Stray Gators. After the release of Harvest, they appeared on the \"War Song\" single, credited to Young and Graham Nash. Outtakes from the Harvest sessions later appeared on the Journey Through the Past soundtrack and The Archives Vol. 1 1963–1972. The band appears on the Tonight's the Night song \"Lookout Joe\", which was recorded in late 1972, and with Neil Young on an early session recording of Joni Mitchell's \"You Turn Me On, I'm a Radio\" that was eventually released on Joni Mitchell Archives – Vol. 3: The Asylum Years (1972–1975). In 1973, they backed Young on his Time Fades Away tour, though Buttrey was replaced mid-tour and on the album Time Fades Away by John Barbata. They ceased to operate as a unit after that tour, although Drummond and Keith continued to work individually with Young on subsequent projects. Thereafter, Nitzsche eschewed live performance in favor of a career as a prolific record producer and film scorer, culminating in the 1983 Academy Award for Best Original Song for \"Up Where We Belong\". Although he was estranged from Young after castigating the singer-songwriter in a 1974 interview and commencing a relationship with his former partner, actress Carrie Snodgress, they reconciled by 1986. Young reconvened The Stray Gators for his 1992 Harvest Moon album, with Spooner Oldham replacing Nitzsche on keyboards. Nitzsche, however, did arrange the strings on \"Such a Woman\", as he had done on Harvest. Past members Former members Ben Keith – pedal steel, slide guitar, vocals Jack Nitzsche – piano, vocals Tim Drummond – bass Kenny Buttrey – drums Additional members Johnny Barbata – drums (1973; replacing Kenny Buttrey) Spooner Oldham – piano, vocals (1992) Danny Whitten – rhythm guitar (1972; hired between Harvest and Time", "title": "The Stray Gators" }, { "docid": "2413731", "text": "Harvest Moon: Back to Nature, known in Japan as , is a video game in the farm simulation series Story of Seasons, developed and published by Victor Interactive Software. It is the first Harvest Moon game for a non-Nintendo console. Characters from Harvest Moon 64 were transferred to be the characters in this game, although with new lifestyles, personalities, and relatives. A version featuring a female protagonist, , was released in Japan on December 7, 2000. In 2005, Harvest Moon: Back to Nature was coupled with the girl version and ported as Harvest Moon: Boy & Girl, known in Japan as , for the PlayStation Portable, although the box art and instructions portrayed it as a new game. In 2008, Marvelous Interactive released Harvest Moon: Back to Nature and Bokujō Monogatari Harvest Moon for Girl for the PlayStation 3 and PlayStation Portable via the PlayStation Network. This game was remade as the Game Boy Advance games Harvest Moon: Friends of Mineral Town and Harvest Moon: More Friends of Mineral Town, both of which would later get a remake of their own for the Nintendo Switch under the name Story of Seasons: Friends of Mineral Town. Story As a young boy, the main character, named Pete by default, went to his grandfather's farm for the summer. His grandfather was too busy taking care of the farm to spend much time with him, so the boy explored the town and countryside on his own. The boy befriended his grandfather's puppy and met a little girl his own age with whom he became close friends. When the summer was over the boy had to go back home, but he promised the little girl that he would return someday. Ten years later, years after his grandfather's death, the boy, now a grown man, returns to the town to take over the farm. Upon meeting the main character, mayor and other villagers decide that he would be allowed to stay as the rightful owner if he restored the farm to its original state within three years. Otherwise, he would have to leave. If he is successful and has married one of the bachelorettes, he will be allowed to stay and his wife reveals that she is the young girl from his childhood. The girl part story began at a ship, where the female character, named Claire by default, befriended a fellow passenger, but tragedy struck. The passenger ship she was in sunk, she was the sole survivor, and washed ashore to the village where she found by a boy. She was revived by the villagers and she was given the abandoned farm to start over her life, after they learn of the situation she had. The story ends if she marries a bachelor, who is revealed to be the same boy who found her. Gameplay The game begins with main character inheriting a small amount of money and ramshackle farm covered in weeds. Over the course of the game the player must build a thriving", "title": "Harvest Moon: Back to Nature" }, { "docid": "1239946", "text": "is a video game for the Game Boy Advance, developed and published by Marvelous Interactive. It is the first Game Boy Advance game of the Story of Seasons series, and is a remake of Harvest Moon: Back to Nature. It was first released in Japan in April 2003, in North America in November 2003, and in Europe in March 2004. Many critics praised it as the best entry of the series, combining elements from the best-selling console entries and introducing many notable series staples. It was later released on the Virtual Console for the Wii U in June 2015. The player is a farmer whose goal is to make a profit from the farm he runs by producing crops and raising livestock. A 3D remake of the game was released for the Nintendo Switch, titled Story of Seasons: Friends of Mineral Town. Story and gameplay The player character in the game has no default name. In the opening sequences, the player is shown as a young boy living in the city, whose parents take him to see the country. During their trip, the player becomes lost, and finds himself on the farm of an old man in Mineral Town. The old man helps the player contact his parents, and offers to let him and his family stay for a few days, as he has no family of his own. The player's parents agree, and the player stays on the farm for a while. On the farm, the player plays with a girl who then becomes friends with him. After the player leaves Mineral Town, he continues to write letters to the old man. One day, when he has grown up, the letters from the old man suddenly stop. The player travels to Mineral Town, finding the farm neglected, and discovers the old man had died around half a year ago. The mayor of Mineral Town informs the player that in the farmer's will, he left the player the farm. The player decides to restore the farm, beginning the game. The player starts with several tools, and must earn money by clearing the large field on the farm and planting crops, mining, or foraging. This money may be used to buy other things, such as livestock, and to expand the farm. The social aspect of Harvest Moon: Friends of Mineral Town is a large part of the game. There are many villagers to befriend, and six bachelorettes available to marry. Befriending villagers allows the player to learn recipes and discover villager's histories, and marriage allows the player to have a son. The game offers connectivity with the Nintendo GameCube game Harvest Moon: A Wonderful Life using a link cable between the Game Boy Advance and Nintendo GameCube. The player begins with a dog that may be named. The dog starts as a puppy, but will be fully grown after two months. Shortly after meeting Barley for the first time, he will stop by the player's farm with a young horse and", "title": "Harvest Moon: Friends of Mineral Town" }, { "docid": "58426207", "text": "\"Unknown Legend\" is a song written by Neil Young that was first released on his 1992 album Harvest Moon. Although it was not released as a single, it reached #38 on the Billboard Magazine Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. Music and lyrics Although \"Unknown Legend\" was not released until 1992, it was written earlier, closer to the release of Young's 1978 album Comes a Time, and several critics have noted a similarity between the style of \"Unknown Legend\" and the material on Comes a Time, particularly the song \"Motorcycle Mama.\" Allmusic critic Matthew Greenwald describes the song as being based on a \"simple, folksy guitar riff and melody.\" As with several other songs on Harvest Moon, Linda Ronstadt provided backup vocals in the refrains. Ben Keith plays pedal steel, in a performance that Young biographer Jimmy McDonough describes as providing \"proud but sad\" accents. The lyrics describe a woman who had worked in a diner and rode a Harley Davidson, but now is raising two children. The lyrics were inspired by multiple people. Nigel Williamson feels that the lyric about how the woman used to work in a diner was inspired by Young's first wife Susan Acevedo and that the lyrics about an \"unknown legend\" who is raising two kids but still has \"the far away look in her eyes\" were inspired by his later wife Pegi Young, and music critic Johnny Rogan agrees that the character described by the lyrics seems to be a combination of the two. Young biographer Glen Boyd similarly sees a portrait of Pegi in the lyrics about working in a diner and raising two kids, as well as in a line about \"her long blonde hair flowin' in the wind.\" Nonetheless, Young has described his inspiration as being more expansive, stating: It's inspired by some people I know and some people I don't know and all kinds of things put together...They're just pictures, people's lives. A lot of the common thing is survival, not losing what it is you were when you were young, but take it with you, take it with you into your own age. Don't leave it behind. Young biographer David Downing sees the song as one of several on Harvest Moon that describe Americans feeling a deep sense of loss for unknown reasons in 1992. Reception In a 2016 Rolling Stone Magazine readers poll, \"Unknown Legend\" ranked as Young's 4th best post-1970s song. It reached #38 on the Billboard Magazine Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. Allmusic critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine considers \"Unknown Legend\" to be one of Young's best songs, describing it as \"lovely.\" McDonough describes it as \"perhaps the empathetic portrait of a woman [Young has] ever created. Greenwald calls the arrangement \"exquisite\" and comments how the lyrics provide a \"clear\" and \"cinematic\" picture of the female protagonist. Live performances Young performed \"Unknown Legend\" for his 1993 MTV Unplugged concert and it was included on his Unplugged album. For the Unplugged concert, Astrid Young and Nicolette Larson performed the backing vocal", "title": "Unknown Legend" }, { "docid": "6878272", "text": "Harvest Moon DS, known in Japan as , is a farm simulation role-playing video game for the Nintendo DS, part of the Story of Seasons series. It was published and developed by Marvelous Interactive Inc., and released in Japan on March 17, 2005, and in North America on September 12, 2006. It is the first entry in the series without series creator Yasuhiro Wada heavily involved, though it borrows many assets from Harvest Moon: Friends of Mineral Town and Harvest Moon: A Wonderful Life, such as the graphical style from the former and setting of the latter. Plot The player is a young man who lives with his friend Takakura on a farm in Forget-Me-Not-Valley, at roughly the same time as Harvest Moon: Friends of Mineral Town. The game begins with the Harvest Goddess, a deity of Harvest Moon, and the Witch Princess fighting. Neither can win, so they part ways. The Witch Princess, on meeting the Harvest Goddess next, attempts to cast a spell to silence her, but instead petrifies her. While trying to undo her spell, the Witch Princess inadvertently sends the Harvest Goddess to another world, so she sends all of the Harvest Sprites (small, elf-like creatures) to the same world to rescue her. The Witch Princess then tells the player to bring all of the Harvest Sprites back in order to rescue the Harvest Goddess. Living in the valley are a number of villagers, nine bachelorettes, and five rival bachelors. The characters and locations in Harvest Moon DS are the same as those in Harvest Moon: A Wonderful Life with a few minor exceptions. Gameplay Players earn money primarily through their farm, by growing crops or raising livestock. Growing crops is slightly different from previous Harvest Moon games; rather than being restricted to their own farm land, the player may grow crops on unowned fields of various sizes and fertility all over the valley. Each crop must be planted during a certain season; for example, turnips must be planted in the spring. Players begin the game with only a dog and a cat on their farm. While the cat does little, the dog may be trained to fetch balls and chase away wild dogs from the farm. Cows, sheep, ducks, and chickens are available for purchase, and must be housed in different types of pens, which must be bought from Gotz, the town's woodcutter. Cows and sheep require an animal shed to live in before they may be purchased, and ducks and chickens require a bird shed. After the player ships 1000 items, Takakura will bring him a horse to keep. This horse does not need to be fed, and cannot get sick. However, it can be brushed to increase its affection towards the player. After earning enough money, the player may upgrade their house by calling Gotz, and buy a kitchen, appliances, or furniture items by using the Harvest Sprite Shopping Network. If players upgrade their home twice, buy certain items, and rescue 60 Harvest", "title": "Harvest Moon DS" }, { "docid": "10911506", "text": "The Pearl Jam 1993 European/North American Tour was a concert tour by American rock band Pearl Jam. History Pearl Jam embarked on this tour after completing the recording sessions for its second album, Vs. The Europe leg included a few shows in which the band opened for U2 on the band's Zoo TV Tour, while both legs included several shows in which the band opened for Neil Young on his Harvest Moon tour. Guitarist Mike McCready said that when the band opened for U2 in Europe the crowds hated Pearl Jam. The short tour of North America focused on Canada and the West Coast of the United States. When the band opened for Neil Young, Young often brought the band out for encores to perform \"Rockin' in the Free World\". Bassist Jeff Ament said that playing with Neil Young was \"the most inspiring thing that we've ever been involved in.\" Tour dates Information taken from various sources. Band members Jeff Ament – bass guitar Stone Gossard – rhythm guitar Mike McCready – lead guitar Eddie Vedder – lead vocals, guitar Dave Abbruzzese – drums Songs performed Originals \"Alive\" \"Animal\" \"Black\" \"Blood\" \"Daughter\" \"Deep\" \"Dirty Frank\" (snippet) \"Dissident\" \"Elderly Woman Behind the Counter in a Small Town\" \"Even Flow\" \"Footsteps\" \"Garden\" \"Glorified G\" \"Go\" \"Hard to Imagine\" (snippet) \"Indifference\" \"Jeremy\" \"Leash\" \"Oceans\" \"Once\" \"Porch\" \"Rats\" \"Rearviewmirror\" \"Release\" \"State of Love and Trust\" \"W.M.A.\" \"Whipping\" \"Why Go\" Covers \"Across the Universe\" (The Beatles) (snippet) \"Angie\" (The Rolling Stones) (snippet) \"Baba O'Riley\" (The Who) \"Beast of Burden\" (The Rolling Stones) (snippet) \"Crazy Mary\" (Victoria Williams) \"Fuckin' Up\" (Neil Young) \"Gimme Shelter\" (The Rolling Stones) (snippet) \"The Kids Are Alright\" (The Who) \"MLK\" (U2) (snippet) \"Owner of a Lonely Heart\" (Yes) \"Pulled Up\" (Talking Heads) (snippet) \"The Real Me\" (The Who) (snippet) \"Rockin' in the Free World\" (Neil Young) \"Ruby Tuesday\" (The Rolling Stones) (snippet) \"Sonic Reducer\" (The Dead Boys) \"Suck You Dry\" (Mudhoney) (snippet) \"Sympathy for the Devil\" (The Rolling Stones) (snippet) \"Tearing\" (Rollins Band) (snippet) \"Tonight's the Night\" (Neil Young) (snippet) References 1993 concert tours Pearl Jam concert tours", "title": "Pearl Jam 1993 European and North American Tour" }, { "docid": "2721611", "text": "Prairie Wind is the 28th studio album by Canadian / American musician Neil Young, released on September 27, 2005. After an album rooted in 1960s soul music, Are You Passionate?, and the musical novel Greendale, Prairie Wind features an acoustic-based sound reminiscent of his earlier commercially successful albums Harvest and Harvest Moon. The album's songs find Young pondering his own mortality, as he was undergoing treatment for an aneurysm during the album's production. Songs were also inspired by the extended illness of his father, Canadian sportswriter and novelist Scott Young, who passed a few weeks after the album was completed. The album is dedicated in part to the elder Young. Writing The songs find Young reminiscing about his youth, reflecting on the passing of time, and considering his own mortality in light of his father's illness and his own health scare. The album was written and recorded after diagnosis but before undergoing minimally invasive surgery for an aneurysm in the spring of 2005. Young recorded the album's songs on a guitar owned by Hank Williams. In a January 2006 interview for Rolling Stone, Young explained his song writing process: \"Falling Off the Face of the Earth,\" was inspired by a voicemail left for Young wishing him well as he went into surgery. \"Most things just came pouring out, but that song's unique because a lot of it came from a voice-mail message. A friend of mine called, knowing I was going through this, and left me a voice mail that was, 'Thinking about you; just want to tell you that you mean a lot to me,' that kind of stuff. So I wrote it all down and made up this kind of bass-ackwards melody. With songwriting, the key thing is not to have any preconceptions, to be wide open and never worry about whether it's cool or not. Use whatever you can, and worry about cool after you finish the record.\" Young elaborates to NPR's Terry Gross: \"Far From Home\" finds Young remembering his father buying him his first musical instrument, an Arthur Godfrey ukulele, and learning to perform songs from his family members: \"Here for You\" was written for his daughter, Amber, as she finished college and Young transitioned to life as an empty nester: \"She's 21 and she's moving on, you know, she's in college, she's graduating, and I'm really proud of her and how well she is doing. She's an artist, and you know, of course, I miss her all the time but I really don't want to intrude so I was just trying to communicate to her that she has a place to go, but it wasn't a place she had to go, you know. She--if she needed me, I was there, that myself and her mother would be there for her if she ever needed us and that she was free to go and free to stay, and that we were behind her all the way, you know. So it is just that kind of", "title": "Prairie Wind" }, { "docid": "10479371", "text": "Neil Young Archives Vol. 1: 1963–1972 is the first in a planned series of box sets of archival material by Canadian-American musician Neil Young. It was released on June 2, 2009, in three different formats - a set of 10 Blu-ray discs in order to present high resolution audio as well as accompanying visual documentation, a set of 10 DVDs and a more basic 8-CD set. Covering Young's early years with The Squires and Buffalo Springfield, it also includes various demos, outtakes and alternate versions of songs from his albums Neil Young, Everybody Knows This Is Nowhere, After the Gold Rush, and Harvest, as well as tracks he recorded with Crazy Horse and Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young during this time. Also included in the set are several live discs, as well as (on the Blu-Ray/DVD versions) a copy of the long out-of-print film Journey Through the Past, directed by Young in the early 1970s. On January 31, 2010, the box set won the Grammy Award for Best Art Direction on a Boxed or Special Limited Edition Package, and was shared by Neil Young along with his art directors Gary Burden and Jenice Heo. Neil Young Archives Volume II: 1972–1976 did not follow until November 2020, covering his work from 1972 to 1976, and was released only as a 10-CD box set. Background This is the first of several projected box sets in the Neil Young Archives series, which will eventually chronicle the artist's entire career. The box, which won a Grammy Award for Best Boxed or Special Limited Edition Package, features previously released as well as rare and unreleased material from the first decade of Young's career, spanning his Winnipeg years with the Squires, Buffalo Springfield, Crazy Horse, Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young and his first several solo albums. After conflicting statements over the years, it was eventually revealed that the set would be released in three formats: CD, DVD and Blu-ray. The DVD and Blu-ray editions contain 10 discs (including Journey Through The Past released for the first time on DVD and Blu-ray) and a 236-page full-color hardbound book in special packaging, while those with the Blu-ray edition would receive free online updates in perpetuity (though the last update was posted in April 2010, with all BD Live updates eventually being pulled altogether in early 2016). The CD set has 8 CDs (Discs 00 & 01 fit on one disc, and Disc 09 is not included) and a CD-sized booklet. Each disc in the Archives was also available individually exclusively through Warner Bros. at launch. CD, DVD and Blu-ray box set pre-orders from Warner Bros. also included a 7\" 45 RPM single with \"Aurora\" and \"Mustang\" from Disc 00. In addition, people who pre-ordered the DVD and Blu-ray box sets received, in early May, a bonus copy of Disc 00 (Blu-ray only) so that they could \"test drive\" the contents. All DVD and Blu-ray box sets also included a card with a code for downloading MP3s of all", "title": "The Archives Vol. 1 1963–1972" }, { "docid": "4241007", "text": "Neil Young: Silver & Gold is a live video by Neil Young performing solo on acoustic guitar and piano. All but the last song were performed at Austin, Texas' Bass Concert Hall during his 1999 solo acoustic tour. The album largely consists of live performances of songs from Silver and Gold and CSNY's Looking Forward, his most recent studio releases. Track listing \"Intro\" \"Looking Forward\" \"Out of Control\" \"Buffalo Springfield Again\" \"Philadelphia\" \"Daddy Went Walkin'\" \"Distant Camera\" \"Red Sun\" \"Long May You Run\" \"Harvest Moon\" \"The Great Divide\" \"Slowpoke\" \"Good to See You\" \"Silver & Gold\" References 2000 video albums Live video albums Neil Young albums 2000 live albums Albums produced by Larry Johnson (film producer) Warner Records live albums Warner Records video albums Reprise Records video albums Reprise Records live albums", "title": "Neil Young: Silver and Gold" }, { "docid": "1730794", "text": "\"Southern Man\" is a song by Canadian-American singer-songwriter Neil Young, from his album After the Gold Rush, released in 1970. An extended live version can be heard on the Crosby Stills Nash & Young album 4 Way Street. Description The lyrics of \"Southern Man\" describe the racism towards blacks in the American South. In the song, Young tells the story of a white man (symbolically the entire white South) and how he mistreated his slaves. Young pleadingly asks when the South will make amends for the fortunes built through slavery when he sings: I saw cotton and I saw black, tall white mansions and little shacks. Southern Man, when will you pay them back? The song also mentions the practice of cross burning referencing the Ku Klux Klan. Young was very sensitive about the song's message of anti-racism and anti-violence. During his 1973 tour, he canceled a show in Oakland, California because a fan was beaten and removed from the stage by a guard while the song was played. Response Southern rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd wrote their song \"Sweet Home Alabama\" in response to \"Southern Man\" and \"Alabama\" from Young's 1972 album Harvest. Young has said that he is a fan of both \"Sweet Home Alabama\" and Ronnie Van Zant, the lead vocalist for Lynyrd Skynyrd. \"They play like they mean it,\" Young said in 1976. \"I'm proud to have my name in a song like theirs.\" Young has also been known to play \"Sweet Home Alabama\" in concert occasionally. To demonstrate this camaraderie, Van Zant frequently wore a Neil Young Tonight's the Night T-shirt while performing \"Sweet Home Alabama\". Crazy Horse bassist Billy Talbot can often be seen reciprocating by wearing a Jack Daniel's-styled Lynyrd Skynyrd T-shirt (including at the Live Rust concert). In his book Waging Heavy Peace: A Hippie Dream, Young stated that Lynyrd Skynyrd wrote \"Sweet Home Alabama\" not in response to \"Southern Man\", but rather to Young's song \"Alabama\". Young noted that Lynyrd Skynyrd's implied criticism was deserved because Young's lyrics on \"Alabama\" were condescending and accusatory. Other versions Merry Clayton's version of the song appeared on her self-titled 1971 album. She later performed backing vocals on \"Sweet Home Alabama\", after some personal conflict. Sylvester and the Hot Band released a funk version of the song as their debut single, from their 1973 self-titled debut album. David Allan Coe covered the song on his 1985 album Unchained. The Dave Clark Five's version was released in 1971 as a single. It also appeared on their Dave Clark & Friends album. Morse Portnoy George included this song in a medley with \"The Needle and the Damage Done\" and \"Cinnamon Girl\" on their album Cover 2 Cover''. References Neil Young songs 1970 songs Songs about racism and xenophobia Southern United States in fiction Songs written by Neil Young Song recordings produced by David Briggs (record producer) Songs about the American South", "title": "Southern Man (song)" }, { "docid": "9119117", "text": "is the second game in the Story of Seasons series of video games, and was developed and published by Victor Interactive Software. Harvest Moon GB is the first portable Harvest Moon game, developed for the Game Boy. A Game Boy Color version was released later under the name Harvest Moon GBC. The Game Boy Color version was later released on the 3DS Virtual Console in 2013. Gameplay Before beginning, the player is able to choose whether to play as a girl or a boy, and name themselves. At the beginning of the game, the player's deceased grandfather visits them as a spirit and asks them to take over his farm. He implores them to succeed him as a Ranch Master, stating he will check on the player at the end of each winter to determine his progress. The player must develop their farm by growing and selling crops, and raising livestock to reach this goal. If the farm meets his criteria for you to be a Ranch Master, the player may receive extra tools; if he thinks the farm does not, a game over is given. Crops Crops are the primary source of income in Harvest Moon GB. Different seeds can be sown during different seasons, but any seed sown outside of its designated season will not sprout. After being planted, the seeds must be watered every day until they can be harvested. All harvested crops (along with anything able to be sold) may be put in the shipping bin to be sold. Almost all crops require active farming and maintenance, although every day, the player can harvest two Mushrooms from their underground cellar to sell. Animals Either a dog or a cat may be chosen as a pet. If a cat is chosen, wild dogs will not attack chickens; if a dog is picked, moles will not destroy crops. The player receives a horse early in the game, which when grown can be used for farm work, riding, and shipping items. There are two types of livestock - cows and chickens. Cows can produce milk, which can be turned into cheese and butter, and chickens produce eggs. Both livestock can reproduce: cows by giving them Miracle Potion (equivalent to artificial insemination), and chickens by hatching their eggs. Tools and items There are a wide variety of tools in Harvest Moon GB. At the beginning of the game, the tools available are the axe, hoe, hammer, watering can (obtained after buying the first crop seeds), and sickle. These tools may be improved, turning into \"super\" tools. The player may also receive a fishing rod, pickaxe and umbrella after reaching their grandfather's goal. Reception Harvest Moon GB was fairly well received, earning a 7.2/10 review from Nintendo Power. GameSpot gave it a 7.4/10, saying \"Harvest Moon [GB] is a relaxing and rewarding simulation of the simple life on the farm ... [but] you're better off waiting for the Game Boy Color version.\" IGN gave the GBC version a 6.0/10, saying \"Without", "title": "Harvest Moon GB" }, { "docid": "24154789", "text": "Dreamin' Man Live '92 is a live album by the Canadian / American musician Neil Young, released on December 8, 2009. It features live, solo acoustic performances of all ten songs from Harvest Moon, recorded on tour in 1992. The album is volume twelve in Young's Archives Performance Series and the fifth to be released. It was originally slated for release on November 2, 2009, but was delayed for over a month; a vinyl release followed on March 30, 2010. Track listing All songs written by Neil Young. \"Dreamin' Man\" – 5:03 (Portland, Oregon; January 24, 1992) \"Such a Woman\" – 4:59 (Detroit, Michigan; May 20, 1992) \"One of These Days\" – 4:59 (Los Angeles, California; September 21, 1992) \"Harvest Moon\" – 5:26 (Los Angeles, California; September 21, 1992) \"You and Me\" – 4:01 (Los Angeles, California; September 21, 1992) \"From Hank to Hendrix\" – 4:47 (Los Angeles, California; September 21, 1992) \"Unknown Legend\" - 5:31 (Los Angeles, California; September 22, 1992) \"Old King\" – 3:10 (Los Angeles, California; September 22, 1992) \"Natural Beauty\" – 11:26 (Chicago, Illinois; November 19, 1992) \"War of Man\" – 6:27 (Minneapolis, Minnesota, November 22, 1992) Personnel Neil Young – vocals, guitar, harmonica, piano, banjo References Neil Young live albums 2009 live albums Reprise Records live albums Albums produced by Neil Young Albums produced by John Hanlon", "title": "Dreamin' Man Live '92" }, { "docid": "1709782", "text": "\"Old Man\" is a song written and performed by Canadian rock singer-songwriter and guitarist Neil Young from his 1972 album Harvest. \"Old Man\" was released as a single on Reprise Records in the spring of 1972, reaching number 4 in Canada, and number 31 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart for the week ending June 3. Background The song was written for the caretaker of the Northern California Broken Arrow Ranch, which Young purchased for US$350,000 in 1970 (). The song compares a young man's life to an old man's and shows that the young man has, to some extent, the same needs as the old one. James Taylor played six-string banjo (tuned like a guitar) and sang on the song, and Linda Ronstadt also contributed vocals. In the film Heart of Gold, Young introduces the song as follows: He tells a similar story when introducing the song at a February 23, 1971 performance broadcast by the BBC (in which he says that he purchased the ranch from \"two lawyers\"). Uses in popular culture and covers In 2005, Lizz Wright covered it on her live album Dreaming Wide Awake, recorded at Allaire, Shokan, New York the year before. It also appears in the film Lords of Dogtown. In 2008, during the memorial service for Heath Ledger, the song was chosen to be played with a slideshow of pictures from Ledger's life. Liam Finn (Neil Finn's son) & EJ Barnes (Jimmy Barnes's daughter) covered the song on the TV show RocKwiz. In 2011, Dallas Green, of City and Colour and Alexisonfire, covered the song at The 2011 Juno Awards, and post-grunge band Puddle of Mudd covered it on their covers album Re:(disc)overed. That same year Redlight King sampled \"Old Man\" on the album Something for the Pain. It was the first time Young had sanctioned a sample of this song. In 2015, Young appeared on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon and performed the song with Fallon as his Neil Young character. In 2022, Beck covered Old Man to promote a Sunday Night Football match between the Tampa Bay Buccaneers and the Kansas City Chiefs. The song is a nod to quarterback Tom Brady, the oldest active player in the NFL (in 2022) at 45 years old. The line “24 and there’s so much more” refers to Brady and Kansas City quarterback Patrick Mahomes winning Super Bowls when they were 24 years old. After the commercial was released Neil Young posted a still image from the video for his 1988 anti-commercialization song This Note's for You in apparent protest of Beck's cover of Old Man being used in a commercial. Beck's cover was nominated for Best Rock Performance for the 65th Grammy Awards later that year. Charts Personnel Neil Young — guitars, lead vocals Ben Keith — pedal steel guitar James McMahon — piano James Taylor — banjo guitar, backing vocals Linda Ronstadt — backing vocals Tim Drummond — bass Kenny Buttrey — drums References 1972 songs 1972 singles Neil", "title": "Old Man (song)" }, { "docid": "2693170", "text": "Silver & Gold is the 25th studio album by Canadian/American musician Neil Young, released on April 25, 2000. Like the previous albums Comes a Time and Harvest Moon and the subsequent Prairie Wind, it largely features acoustic performances with a backing band of Nashville musicians with a long history of collaboration with Young. Writing The bulk of the album was written and recorded in the late 1990s after touring with Crazy Horse on the H.O.R.D.E. Festival. Young enjoyed writing and performing quieter music after the volume of the band performances. He would explain in a March 2000 radio interview: \"I wrote (\"Good to See You\") in my bus in Florida somewhere. There was a thunderstorm and the HORDE tour was playing. And, you know, we had to shut down for half an hour or something. And so I went to my bus and I was in the back. And my voice was real low ‘cause I’d been playing with Crazy Horse and screaming and yelling and carrying on. So my voice was real low. And I wrote these- a couple of songs. \"Good to See You\" was one of them. And \"Without Rings\".\" Two of the songs date from the early 1980s. The title track, \"Silver and Gold\", dates from 1981, while \"Razor Love\" was first recorded in January 1984. Producing a satisfactory recording of \"Silver and Gold\" had eluded Young over the years, as he explained in a March 2000 radio interview: \"Good To See You\" was written during the HORDE tour, and reflects the feeling of coming home after a long time away. \"Silver & Gold\", first recorded for Old Ways compares the value of a relationship to material things. \"You could take a look at me and say I was really full of it, because I have so many possessions it's ridiculous. But it's dawning on me how useless most of them are.\" \"Daddy Went Walkin'\" was inspired by Young's memories growing up in Ontario, and also memories of growing up as the child of divorced parents: \"Buffalo Springfield Again\" was inspired by Young's memories of his time in the band, which was fresh on his mind from compiling the Buffalo Springfield box set, released the following year, as well as his recent reunion with CSNY. \"What's cool about CSN&Y is it gives Stephen and me a chance to play around with what we were doing back then and take it to another level. When he came up to the ranch to work on the box set, part of it was kind of depressing in the end because I think we both felt like it had all been cut short. We realized how much more there was for us to do.\" \"The Great Divide\" is a sad song that uses geographic metaphor to describe the ups and downs of a relationship. The lyrics to \"Horseshoe Man\" portray a Cupid-like figure that repairs broken relationships. \"He's the one we can all count on, the one who makes things", "title": "Silver & Gold (Neil Young album)" } ]	[ "November 2 , 1992" ]
train_21969	who made christianity official religion of roman empire	[ { "docid": "711665", "text": "Constantinian shift is used by some theologians and historians of antiquity to describe the political and theological changes that took place during the 4th-century under the leadership of Emperor Constantine the Great. Rodney Clapp claims that the shift or change started in the year 200. The term was popularized by the Mennonite theologian John H. Yoder. He claims that the change was not just freedom from persecution but an alliance between the State and the Church that led to a kind of Caesaropapism. The claim that there ever was a Constantinian shift has been disputed; Peter Leithart argues that there was a \"brief, ambiguous 'Constantinian moment' in the fourth century\", but that there was \"no permanent, epochal 'Constantinian shift. The Shift Constantine the Great (reigned 306–337) adopted Christianity as his system of belief after his victory at the Battle of Milvian Bridge in 312. The following year, 313, he issued the Edict of Milan with his eastern colleague, Licinius. The edict legalised Christianity alongside other religions in the Roman Empire. In 325 the First Council of Nicaea signalled consolidation of Christianity under an orthodoxy endorsed by Constantine. While this did not make other Christian groups outside the adopted definition illegal, dissenting Arian bishops were initially exiled. But Constantine reinstated Arius just before the heresiarch died in 336 and exiled the Orthodox Athanasius of Alexandria from 335 to 337. In 380 Emperor Theodosius I made Christianity the Roman Empire's official religion (see State church of the Roman Empire). In 392 Theodosius passed legislation prohibiting all pagan cultic worship. During the 4th century, however, there was no real unity between church and state: in the course of the Arian controversy, Arian or semi-Arian emperors exiled leading Trinitarian bishops, such as Athanasius (335, 339, 356, 362, 365), Hilary of Poitiers (356), and Gregory of Nyssa (374); just as leading Arian and Anomoean theologians such as Aëtius (fl. 350) also suffered exile. Towards the end of the century, Bishop Ambrose of Milan made the powerful Emperor Theodosius I (reigned 379–395) do penance for several months after the massacre of Thessalonica (390) before admitting him again to the Eucharist. On the other hand, only a few years later, Chrysostom, who as bishop of Constantinople criticized the excesses of the royal court, was eventually banished (403) and died (407) while traveling to his place of exile. Theological implications Critics of state-aligned Christianity often point to the ascension of Constantine as the beginning of Caesaropapism: according to this critique, the official Christianity of the Roman state rapidly became a religious and metaphysical justification for the existence, exercise, and expansion of worldly political power, ultimately facilitating earthly Christian empire both for Rome and its successors across Christendom. Similar criticisms are levied by Christian anarchists, who claim that the Constantinian shift triggered the Great Apostasy by transforming the religion into a means for preserving the ruling elite's power and justifying violence. Augustine of Hippo, who originally had rejected violence in religious matters, later justified it theologically against those he", "title": "Constantinian shift" }, { "docid": "25916553", "text": "Rome has, for more than two millennia, been an important worldwide center for religion, particularly the Catholic strain of Christianity. The city is commonly regarded as the \"home of the Catholic Church\", owing to the ecclesiastical doctrine of the primacy of the Bishop of Rome. Today, there are also other Abrahamic religions common in Rome, including Judaism and Islam. Classical period The Religio Romana (literally, the \"Roman Religion\") constituted the major religion of the city in antiquity. The first gods held sacred by the Romans were Jupiter, the highest, and Mars, the god of war, and father of Rome's twin founders, Romulus and Remus, according to tradition. The goddess Vesta became an important part of the Roman Pantheon at an early stage of the Roman Monarchy. The goddess Diana joined the Roman Pantheon during the Monarchy times as the central goddess uniting worship between Rome and several of its neighbors, thus creating the basis for a coalition. The goddess Juno was imported to Rome from the ancient city of Veii, after Veii fell to the Roman military, following a long period of wars between the two cities, during the time of the Roman Republic. Other gods and goddesses were honored in Rome and added to the Pantheon throughout the Monarchy and Republic periods. See Livy, Books 1–5. The Roman religion was largely concerned with interpreting divine messages (auguries) through natural occurrences (omens). However, Rome had no augurs of its own and largely relied upon Etruscan augurs to interpret the divine omens. For this reason, Rome was left without any augurs during its last war with Veii, an Etruscan city, and was forced to send envoys all the way to Greece, to consult the famous Oracle at Delphi. Livy, Book 5. Several other religions and imported mystery cults remained represented within its ever-expanding boundaries during the Roman Republic and Empire periods, including Judaism, whose presence in the city dates back from the Roman Republic and was sometimes forcibly confined to the Roman Ghetto, as well as Mithraism, until being superseded by Christianity, following the death of Emperor Constantine in the 4th century. Christianity was made the official religion of the Roman Empire in 380 by Emperor Theodosius I, allowing it to spread further and eventually wholly replace Mithraism in the Roman Empire. Christianity Rome became the pre-eminent Christian city (vis-a-vis Antioch and Alexandria, and later Constantinople and Jerusalem) because of the final residence and martyrdom of Saint Peter there during the 1st century, coupled with the city's political importance. The Bishop of Rome, who is traditionally called Pope, claims primacy over all Bishops and therefore all Christians because he is the successor to Saint Peter, upon whom Christ Jesus built His Church; the pope's prestige had been enhanced since 313 through donations by Roman emperors and patricians, including the Lateran Palace and patriarchal basilicas, as well as the obviously growing influence of the Church over the failing civil imperial authority. Papal authority has been exercised by Peter and his successors since", "title": "Religion in Rome" }, { "docid": "27928643", "text": "In the year before the Council of Constantinople in 381, the Trinitarian version of Christianity became the official religion of the Roman Empire when Emperor Theodosius I issued the Edict of Thessalonica in 380, which recognized the catholic orthodoxy of Nicene Christians as the Roman Empire's state religion. Historians refer to the Nicene church associated with emperors in a variety of ways: as the catholic church, the orthodox church, the imperial church, the imperial Roman church, or the Byzantine church, although some of those terms are also used for wider communions extending outside the Roman Empire. The Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodoxy, and the Catholic Church all claim to stand in continuity from the Nicene church to which Theodosius granted recognition. Earlier in the 4th century, following the Diocletianic Persecution of 303–313 and the Donatist controversy that arose in consequence, Constantine the Great had convened councils of bishops to define the orthodoxy of the Christian faith and to expand on earlier Christian councils. A series of ecumenical councils convened by successive Roman emperors met during the 4th and the 5th centuries, but Christianity continued to suffer rifts and schisms surrounding the theological and christological doctrines of Arianism, Nestorianism, Miaphysitism, and Dyophysitism. In the 5th century, the Western Roman Empire decayed as a polity; invaders sacked Rome in 410 and in 455, and Odoacer, an Arian barbarian warlord, forced Romulus Augustus, the last nominal Western Emperor, to abdicate in 476. However, apart from the aforementioned schisms, the church as an institution persisted in communion, if not without tension, between the East and West. In the 6th century, the Byzantine armies of the Byzantine Emperor Justinian I recovered Italy and other regions of the Western Mediterranean shore. The Byzantine Empire soon lost most of these gains, but it held Rome, as part of the Exarchate of Ravenna, until 751, a period known in church history as the Byzantine Papacy. The early Muslim conquests of the 7th–9th centuries would begin a process of converting most of the then-Christian world in the Levant, Middle East, North Africa, regions of Southern Italy and the Iberian Peninsula to Islam, severely restricting the reach both of the Byzantine Empire and of its church. Christian missionary activity directed from the capital of Constantinople did not lead to a lasting expansion of the formal link between the church and the Byzantine emperor, since areas outside the Byzantine Empire's political and military control set up their own distinct churches, as in the case of Bulgaria in 919. Justinian I, who became emperor in 527, recognized the patriarchs of Rome, Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem as the supreme authorities in the state-sponsored Chalcedonian church apparatus (see the Pentarchy). However, Justinian claimed \"the right and duty of regulating by his laws the minutest details of worship and discipline, and also of dictating the theological opinions to be held in the Church\". In Justinian's day, the Christian church was not entirely under the emperor's control even in the East: the Oriental Orthodox Churches", "title": "Christianity as the Roman state religion" } ]	[ { "docid": "2352987", "text": "During the reign of the Roman Emperor Constantine the Great (306–337 AD), Christianity began to transition to the dominant religion of the Roman Empire. Historians remain uncertain about Constantine's reasons for favoring Christianity, and theologians and historians have often argued about which form of early Christianity he subscribed to. There is no consensus among scholars as to whether he adopted his mother Helena's Christianity in his youth, or, as claimed by Eusebius of Caesarea, encouraged her to convert to the faith he had adopted. Constantine ruled the Roman Empire as sole emperor for much of his reign. Some scholars allege that his main objective was to gain unanimous approval and submission to his authority from all classes, and therefore he chose Christianity to conduct his political propaganda, believing that it was the most appropriate religion that could fit with the imperial cult. Regardless, under the Constantinian dynasty Christianity expanded throughout the empire, launching the era of the state church of the Roman Empire. Whether Constantine sincerely converted to Christianity or remained loyal to paganism is a matter of debate among historians. His formal conversion in 312 is almost universally acknowledged among historians, despite that it was claimed he was baptized only on his deathbed by the Arian bishop Eusebius of Nicomedia in 337; the real reasons behind it remain unknown and are debated also. According to Hans Pohlsander, professor emeritus of history at the University at Albany, SUNY, Constantine's conversion was just another instrument of realpolitik in his hands meant to serve his political interest in keeping the empire united under his control: Constantine's decision to cease the persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire was a turning point for early Christianity, sometimes referred to as the Triumph of the Church, the Peace of the Church or the Constantinian shift. In 313, Constantine and Licinius issued the Edict of Milan decriminalizing Christian worship. The emperor became a great patron of the Church and set a precedent for the position of the Christian emperor within the Church and raised the notions of orthodoxy, Christendom, ecumenical councils, and the state church of the Roman Empire declared by edict in 380. He is revered as a saint and isapostolos in the Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Church, and various Eastern Catholic Churches for his example as a Christian monarch. Before Constantine The first recorded official persecution of Christians on behalf of the Roman Empire was in AD 64, when, as reported by the Roman historian Tacitus, Emperor Nero attempted to blame Christians for the Great Fire of Rome. According to Church tradition, it was during the reign of Nero that Peter and Paul were martyred in Rome. However, modern historians debate whether the Roman government distinguished between Christians and Jews prior to Nerva's modification of the Fiscus Judaicus in 96, from which point practising Jews paid the tax and Christians did not. Christians suffered from sporadic and localized persecutions over a period of two and a half centuries. Their refusal to participate in", "title": "Constantine the Great and Christianity" }, { "docid": "10599238", "text": "Paganism is commonly used to refer to various religions that existed during Antiquity and the Middle Ages, such as the Greco-Roman religions of the Roman Empire, including the Roman imperial cult, the various mystery religions, religions such as Neoplatonism and Gnosticism, and more localized ethnic religions practiced both inside and outside the empire. During the Middle Ages, the term was also adapted to refer to religions practiced outside the former Roman Empire, such as Germanic paganism, Egyptian paganism and Baltic paganism. From the point of view of the early Christians, these religions all qualified as ethnic (or gentile, ethnikos, gentilis, the term translating goyim, later rendered as paganus) in contrast with Second Temple Judaism. By the Early Middle Ages (800–1000), faiths referred to as pagan had mostly disappeared in the West through a mixture of peaceful conversion, natural religious change, persecution, and the military conquest of pagan peoples; the Christianization of Lithuania in the 15th century is typically considered to mark the end of this process. Early history Early Christianity arose as a movement within Second Temple Judaism and Hellenistic Judaism, following the teachings of Jesus of Nazareth. With a missionary commitment to both Jews and Gentiles (non-Jews), Christianity rapidly spread into the greater Roman empire and beyond. Here, Christianity came into contact with the dominant Pagan religions. Acts 19 recounts a riot that occurred in Ephesus, instigated by silversmiths who crafted images of Artemis, and were concerned that Paul's success was cutting into their trade. These conflicts are recorded in the works of the early Christian writers such as Justin Martyr as well as hostile reports by writers including Tacitus and Suetonius. The pattern for the Roman state's response to what was seen as a religious threat was established in 186 BC. Roman officials became suspicious of the worshippers of Dionysus and their practice of Bacchanalia because it \"took place at night\" (also a later Christian practice). Magic and secret plots against the emperor were seen as products of the night. Bacchic associations were dissolved, leaders were arrested and executed, women were forbidden to hold important positions in the cult, no Roman citizen could be a priest, and strict control of the cult was thereafter established. In the first century of the common era, there were \"periodic expulsions of astrologers, philosophers and even teachers of rhetoric... as well as Jews and...the cult of Isis\". Druids also received this treatment, as did Christians. Persecution of early Christians Christianity was persecuted by Roman imperial authorities early on in its history within the greater empire. By the early part of the 2nd century AD Christians were no longer viewed as forming a breakaway sect of Judaism, but were considered as belonging to just another of many foreign cults which had infiltrated the Empire. They gradually became conspicuous by their absence from festival activities where ritual sacrifices for the health of the emperor and well-being of the empire took place, behavior that carried a \"whiff of both sacrilege and treason\". Persecution under Nero,", "title": "Christianity and paganism" }, { "docid": "3088913", "text": "Julian is a 1964 novel by Gore Vidal, a work of historical fiction written primarily in the first person dealing with the life of the Roman emperor Flavius Claudius Julianus (known to Christians as Julian the Apostate), who reigned from 360 to 363 A.D. Novel The story of the novel begins in March of AD 380, nearly 20 years after the death of Julian. It starts as the text of a series of letters between Libanius and Priscus of Epirus, two confidants of Julian. In their various letters they discuss their lives and in particular the recent events involving an imperial edict of Theodosius involving the Nicene Creed of Christianity. In his first letter to Priscus, Libanius proposes to write a biography of Julian. Eventually Priscus agrees to send a manuscript written by Julian himself to Libanius along with his own comments written in the margins. The rest of the novel is then presented as the manuscript of Julian in its original form including instructions to the eventual editor and publisher. The marginal notes of Priscus are incorporated into Julian's narrative where he feels fit to comment on or expand certain parts of the narrative. These comments are then often followed by the comments of Libanius on both the narrative and the comments of Priscus. Frequently they offer a different and sometimes contradictory hindsight interpretation of events and people than Julian expresses in his manuscript. The narrative of Julian presents his life story but is very self-reflective in parts. He attempts to be critical of his own shortcomings as well as trying to reconstruct his thoughts and emotions at various points in his life and public career. He frequently incorporates his own observations on everything from human nature to religion, philosophy, and government. Plot summary Julian was the last direct relative of Constantine the Great to take up the purple, his father being Constantine's half-brother. As emperor, he attempted to destroy the influence of the Christian church. His goals were to bring back firstly the worship of the old Roman pantheon, secondly other religions including Judaism (he attempts to restore the Jewish Temple), and thirdly - with special emphasis upon the growing crisis on Rome's frontiers - Mithraism, a mystery religion that had been popular among Roman soldiers. The book takes the form of the correspondence between two Hellenistic pagans, Libanius, who is considering writing a biography of Julian, and Priscus, who possesses Julian's personal memoir. Christianity has, by this stage, become the official religion of the Roman Empire (as decreed by the emperor Theodosius), with rioting and inquisition causing extreme violence between traditionalists and Christians, and even between Christian sects. Only thirty years after the novel took place, the city of Rome would be sacked by the Goths. The memoir relates Julian's life from the time so many members of his family were purged by his cousin, the emperor Constantius II (whom he succeeded on the throne), his \"exile\" to libraries as a child, and his subsequent negative childhood", "title": "Julian (novel)" }, { "docid": "24845823", "text": "Formal diplomatic relations between the Holy See and the current Federal Republic of Germany date to the 1951 and the end of the Allied occupation. Historically the Vatican has carried out foreign relations through nuncios, beginning with the Apostolic Nuncio to Cologne and the Apostolic Nuncio to Austria. Following the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire and the Congress of Vienna, an Apostolic Nuncio to Bavaria replaced that of Cologne and that mission remained in Munich through several governments. From 1920 the Bavarian mission existed alongside the Apostolic Nuncio to Germany in Berlin, with which it was merged in 1934. Current relations Former Pope Benedict XVI (Joseph Ratzinger) was a German (from Bavaria). In 2009, German Chancellor Angela Merkel, in her nine-page address at the Bavarian Catholic Academy's conference on \"Political Action based on Christian Responsibility,\" noted that Benedict XVI's new encyclical Caritas in Veritate points to the way forward in the Great Recession. She was particularly impressed by the passage that read: \"The primary capital to be safeguarded and valued is man, the human person in his or her integrity.\" Historical relations Middle Ages As soon as 496, Frankish King Clovis I was baptized together with many members of his household. In contrast to the eastern German tribes, who became Arian Christians, he became a Catholic. Following the example of their king, many Franks were baptized too, but their Catholicism was mixed with pagan rites. The investiture controversy was the most significant conflict between Church and state in medieval Europe. In the 11th and 12th centuries, a series of popes challenged the authority of European monarchies over control of appointments, or investitures, of church officials such as bishops and abbots. Early modern history On September 25, 1555, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and the forces of the Schmalkaldic League signed the Peace of Augsburg to officially end the religious wars between the Catholics and the Protestants. This treaty legalized the partitioning of the Holy Roman Empire into Catholic and Protestant territories. Under the treaty, the religion of the ruler (either Lutheranism or Catholicism) determined the religion of his subjects. This policy is widely referred to by the Latin phrase, cuius regio, eius religio (\"whose reign, his religion\", or \"in the prince's land, the prince's religion\"). Families were given a period in which they were free to emigrate to regions where their desired religion prevailed. Modern history Post-French revolution era In the war of the First Coalition, revolutionary France defeated the coalition of Prussia, Austria, Spain, and Britain. One result was the cession of the Rhineland to France by the Treaty of Basel in 1795. Eight years later, in 1803, to compensate the princes of the annexed territories, a set of mediatisations was carried out, which brought about a major redistribution of territorial sovereignty within the Empire. Kulturkampf A main theme of European history in the 18th and especially 19th century was the secularization of society which was vehemently opposed by the Catholic Church. In Germany, this process had its", "title": "Germany–Holy See relations" }, { "docid": "304483", "text": "The Edict of Milan (; , Diatagma tōn Mediolanōn) was the February 313 AD agreement to treat Christians benevolently within the Roman Empire. Western Roman Emperor Constantine I and Emperor Licinius, who controlled the Balkans, met in Mediolanum (modern-day Milan) and, among other things, agreed to change policies towards Christians following the edict of toleration issued by Emperor Galerius two years earlier in Serdica. The Edict of Milan gave Christianity legal status and a reprieve from persecution but did not make it the state church of the Roman Empire, which occurred in AD 380 with the Edict of Thessalonica. The document is found in Lactantius's De mortibus persecutorum and in Eusebius of Caesarea's History of the Church with marked divergences between the two. Whether or not there was a formal 'Edict of Milan' is no longer really debated among scholars, who generally reject the story as it has come down in church history. The version found in Lactantius is not in the form of an edict. It is a letter from Licinius to the governors of the provinces in the Eastern Empire that he had just conquered by defeating Maximinus later that same year and issued in Nicomedia. Background The Romans thought of themselves as highly religious and attributed their success as a world power to their collective piety (pietas) in maintaining good relations with the gods. The Romans were known for the great number of deities that they honored. The presence of Greeks on the Italian peninsula introduced some religious practices such as the cult of Apollo. The Romans looked for common ground between their major gods and those of the Greeks, adapting Greek myths and iconography for Latin literature and Roman art. According to legends, most of Rome's religious institutions could be traced to its founders; this archaic religion was the foundation of the mos maiorum, \"the way of the ancestors\" or simply \"tradition\", viewed as central to Roman identity. Through and , the religions of other peoples incorporated into the Roman Empire co-existed within the Roman theological hierarchy. The Judeo-Christian insistence on Yahweh being the only God and in believing all other gods were false gods could not be fitted into the system. Their scruples prevented them swearing loyalty oaths directed at the emperor's divinity. More particularly, the refusal of Christians to pay the Jewish tax was perceived as a threat not just to the state cult but to the state itself. That led to various forms of persecution. Emperor Decius (r. 249–251) issued edicts that imposed hard restrictions on Christians, a policy continued by his successor Valerian. With the accession of Gallienus (r. 253–268), the Church enjoyed a period of nearly 40 years with no official sanctions against Christians, which Eusebius described as the \"little\" peace of the Church. In 311, Galerius published an edict from Nicomedia that officially ended the persecutions. Edict of Toleration by Galerius Since the fall of the Severan dynasty in AD 235, rivals for the imperial throne had bid for support", "title": "Edict of Milan" }, { "docid": "18695907", "text": "Gunpowder Empire is a 2003 alternate history novel by Harry Turtledove. It is the first part of the Crosstime Traffic series. Plot In the novel, Jeremy and Amanda Solter are two teenagers living in the late 21st century. Their parents work for Crosstime Traffic, a trading company using time travel to go back and forth from parallel versions of Earth to trade for resources to help sustain their version of Earth. One summer, the children work with their parents, going to Polisso – in our timeline a village in Romania with the ancient Porolissum ruins nearby, in the alternate timeline a major city of a Roman Empire that never collapsed. In the intervening centuries, the Romans advanced to the extent of inventing gunpowder – hence the title of the book – putting their armies on about 17th Century level. By 2100, they had not, however, gone through an industrial revolution and many of their social institutions, in particular slavery, remain much as they were in earlier Roman times. North of the Roman Empire, a rival Lietuvan Empire has grown up similar to a still surviving Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, with occasional wars breaking out between the two. It is said that most of these wars would end in an exchange of border provinces. Romans consider the Lietuvans as \"barbarians\", though in fact the two have much the same level of technology and culture. An important aspect of the book is that Christianity never became the Roman Empire's dominant religion, but remained one of the Empire's many religions. Persecution of Christians ceased due to a pragmatic compromise whereby Christians are obliged to burn incense \"for the Emperor's health\" but are not required to worship \"pagan\" gods. Christians are subdivided between \"Imperial Christians\" - mainly the richer ones - who perform this ceremony in order to advance their business interests, and more principled Christians who refuse to perform it and accept the resulting social disabilities. The rival Lietuvan Empire, dedicated to the worship of Perkunas, is actively intolerant and Christians who attempt missionary activity there face martyrdom. When the youngsters' mother becomes sick, their father takes her back to their home time for treatment, expecting to come back in a few days – but the cross-time travel equipment suffers a break in link, stranding Jeremy and Amanda in Polisso just as the Lietuvan Army crosses the border, placing Polisso under siege. At the same time, the Roman authorities begin to grow suspicious of their trade mission and the origin of such items as watches and Swiss army knives which they offer for sale and which no artisan in the Empire can match. Reception Roland J. Green, reviewing for Booklist, said, \"Seemingly a series opener intended to introduce the concept of parallel worlds and Turtledove's take on it, the book succeeds as an homage to parallelworlds pioneer Piper and a well-told, engaging tale.\" Peter Cannon, reviewing for Publishers Weekly, said, \"Turtledove presents his teenaged heroes with a series of moral choices and dilemmas that will", "title": "Gunpowder Empire" }, { "docid": "62950247", "text": "The Roman pharaohs, rarely referred to as ancient Egypt's Thirty-fourth Dynasty, were the Roman emperors in their capacity as rulers of Egypt, especially in Egyptology. After Egypt was incorporated into the Roman Empire in 30 BC, the people and especially the priesthood of the country continued to recognize the Roman emperors as pharaohs, according them traditional pharaonic titularies and depicting them with traditional pharaonic garb, engaging in traditional pharaonic activities, in artwork and at temples throughout Egypt. Though the Egyptians themselves considered the Romans to be their pharaohs and the legitimate successors of the ancient pharaohs, the emperors themselves never adopted any pharaonic titles or traditions outside of Egypt, as these would have been hard to justify in the Roman world at large. Most emperors probably gave the status accorded to them by the Egyptians little care and rarely visited the province more than once in their lifetime. Their role as god-kings was only ever officially acknowledged by the Egyptians themselves. This was a sharp contrast to the preceding dynasty of the Hellenistic Ptolemaic Kingdom, who had spent the majority of their lives in Egypt. Pharaohs before Egypt's incorporation into the Achaemenid Empire in the Late Period had also all ruled the country from within Egypt. Egypt was, however, governed differently from other Roman provinces, with emperors hand-picking governors for the region and often treating it more like a personal possession than a province. Though not all emperors were recognized as pharaohs, Egyptian religion demanded the presence of a pharaoh to act as the intermediate between humanity and the gods. The emperors filling this role proved to be the most simple solution, and was similar to how the Persians had been regarded as pharaohs centuries prior (constituting the Twenty-seventh and Thirty-first dynasties). Though Egypt continued to be a part of the Roman Empire until it was conquered by the Rashidun Caliphate in 641 AD, the last Roman emperor to be conferred the title of pharaoh was Maximinus Daza (reigned 311–313 AD). By his time, the view of Romans as pharaohs had already been declining for some time due to Egypt being on the periphery of the Roman Empire (in contrast to the traditional pharaonic view of Egypt as the center of the world). The spread of Christianity throughout the empire in the 4th century, and the transformation of Egypt's capital Alexandria into a major Christian center, decisively ended the tradition, due to the new religion being incompatible with the traditional implications of being pharaoh. The names of the emperors were written in hieroglyphs phonetically, based on the renditions of their names in Greek. This way of rendering the names led to the Roman pharaohs having a significant impact on modern Egyptology since the readings of their names marked an important step in the decipherment of hieroglyphs. History Cleopatra VII had affairs with Roman dictator Julius Caesar and Roman general Mark Antony, but it was not until after her 30 BC suicide (after Mark Antony's defeat against Octavian, who became Emperor", "title": "Roman pharaoh" }, { "docid": "2062997", "text": "The Western religions are the religions that originated within Western culture, which are thus historically, culturally, and theologically distinct from Eastern, African and Iranian religions. The term Abrahamic religions ( Christianity, Judaism and Islam) is often used instead of using the East and West terminology, as these originated in the Middle East. Western culture itself was significantly influenced by the emergence of Christianity and its adoption as the state church of the Roman Empire in the late 4th century and the term \"Christendom\" largely indicates this intertwined history. Western Christianity was significantly influenced by Hellenistic religion (notably neoplatonism) as well as the Roman imperial cult. Western Christianity is largely based on the Catholic Church's Latin Church tradition, as opposed to Eastern Orthodoxy, from which it was divided by the Great Schism of the 11th century, and further includes all Protestant traditions that split with the Catholic Church from the 16th century onward. Since the 19th century, Western religion has diversified into numerous new religious movements, including Occultism, Spiritism and diverse forms of Neopaganism. Antiquity \"The West\" as a culture or civilization historically evolved out of Greco-Roman classical antiquity. These cultures had polytheistic religions, viz. Greek polytheism and Roman polytheism. \"Eastern\" influences on these religions are evident from the earliest times, the Orientalizing period at the very beginning of Greek antiquity. During Hellenism and the Roman Empire period, \"Eastern\" (Oriental) religions exerted a considerable influence on \"Western\" religion, giving rise to Persian influenced traditions like Gnosticism and Mithraism, as well as Egyptian and \"Chaldean\" influence on mystery religions (Orphism), astrology and magic. Early Christianity itself is a further example of Orientalizing influence on the later Roman Empire. During the same period, inherited traditions of native Roman religion were marginalized or overlaid by interpretatio graeca, and the Roman imperial cult evolved into a civil religion which involved state ritual rather than religious faith or experience. Celtic and Germanic religion was described by Roman ethnography as primitive, but at the same time as pure or unspoiled compared to the so-called urban decadence of Rome. Western Christianity Western Christianity is a subset of Christianity, originally based on the Latin Christianity of the Catholic Church, as opposed to Eastern Orthodoxy – from which it was divided during the Great Schism of the 11th century – and various other non-western Christian movements. Western Christianity itself was divided by the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century, and pronouncedly \"Western\" forms of Christianity include Puritanism and Evangelicalism, movements resulting from the various \"Great Awakenings\" in the 18th to 20th century English-speaking world and popularly practiced in the United States. For at least a millennium and a half, Europe has been nearly equivalent to Christian culture. The Christian culture was the predominant force in Western civilization, guiding the course of philosophy, art, music, science, social structure and architecture. Renaissance magic Secularization Following the religious wars of the 16th to 17th centuries, the Age of Enlightenment of the 18th century paved the way for a detachment of society and politics", "title": "Western religions" }, { "docid": "48457", "text": "Year 337 (CCCXXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Felicianus and Titianus (or, less frequently, year 1090 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 337 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire May 22 – Constantine the Great, first Christian Roman emperor of the Western Empire (312–324), and of the Roman Empire (324–337), dies in Achyron, near Nicomedia, at age 65, after he is baptized by Eusebius of Nicomedia. September – A number of descendants of Constantius Chlorus, and officials of the Roman Empire, are executed for a purge against the sons of Constantine I. September 9 – Constantine II, Constantius II, and Constans succeed their father Constantine I as co-emperors. The Roman Empire is divided between the three Augusti (see map). Persia King Shapur II of Persia begins a war against the Roman Empire. He sends his troops across the Tigris to recover Armenia and Mesopotamia. Shapur II besieges the Roman fortress of Nisibis (Syria), but is repulsed by forces under Lucilianus. China Murong Huang claims the title of Prince of Yan, effectively beginning the kingdom of Former Yan. By topic Religion February 6 – A 4-month papal vacancy ends; Pope Julius I succeeds Pope Mark, as the 35th pope. June 17 – Constantius II announces the restoration of Athanasius, as Patriarch of Alexandria. Paul I becomes Patriarch of Constantinople. Christianity is declared an official religion in Caucasian Iberia, marking the rise of Christianity in Georgia. Births Faxian, Chinese Buddhist monk, traveler (approximate date) Fú Jiān, emperor of the Chinese Di state Former Qin (d. 385) Lü Guang, founding emperor of the Di state Later Liang (d. 400) Zenobius of Florence, Italian bishop and wonderworker (d. 417) Deaths January 13 – Leontius of Caesarea, Roman Catholic bishop and saint February 21 – Eustathius the Great, patriarch of Antioch (approximate date) May 22 – Constantine the Great, emperor of the Roman Empire, Orthodox priest and saint May 27 – Flavius Dalmatius, father of Dalmatius and Hannibalianus (executed) August 30 – Alexander of Constantinople, bishop of Byzantium (approximate date) September 11 – Julius Constantius, son of Constantius Chlorus (executed) September 24 – Hannibalianus, king of the Pontus and nephew of Constantine I (executed) September 27 – Dalmatius, Caesar and nephew of Constantine I (executed) References", "title": "337" }, { "docid": "12726136", "text": "Abgar VIII of Edessa, also known as Abgar the Great or Abgar bar Ma'nu, was an Arab king of Osroene from 177 CE to 212 CE. Abgar the Great was most remembered for his alleged conversion to Christianity in about 200 CE and the declaration of Christianity as the official religion of the city at that time. It has been suggested that a cross shown on the tiara of Abgar VIII in coins he minted has a Christian meaning. Osroene was a client state of the Roman Empire at this time. Prior to Abgar VIII taking the throne, in the Roman military had reinstated Abgar VII, and they continued to have a significant presence in the region. Nevertheless, Abgar VIII's initial actions suggest that he was not wholly loyal to Rome nor was closely monitored by Rome. While Abgar VIII's coins bear the image of the Roman Emperor Commodus, Abgar's goals were to maintain a degree of independence and to extend his influence geographically as much as possible without disturbing the greater powers of Rome and Parthia. Abgar VIII supported Pescennius Niger as Roman Emperor in . However Pescennius Niger was swiftly challenged and deposed by the Emperor Septimius Severus. Abgar VIII's submission to Septimus Severus is portrayed on the Arch of Severus in Rome. He was not deposed, but Osroene was made a Roman province and Abgar's kingdom was reduced to a rump state containing just the city of Edessa. Abgar was fully reconciled with Septimus Severus and was later received with honour as a guest of Septimus Severus in Rome. In an additional display of loyalty, Abgar VIII took on the Latin name Lucius Aelius Aurelius Septimus. Christianity spread in Edessa significantly during Abgar VIII's reign. The Chronicle of Edessa () reports that a Christian church building in Edessa was damaged in a flood in November . The Christian philosopher Bardaisan was a member of Abgar VIII's court. In 1904 Adolf von Harnack proposed that Lucius of Britain, a ruler mentioned in the Liber Pontificalis as contemporaneous with Pope Eleutherius, actually was Abgar of Edessa. Harnack argued that 'Britanio' was written as an erroneous expansion for 'Britio', a citadel of Edessa. Harnack's proposal has been challenged by British archaeologist David J. Knight, who argued that Abgar of Edessa was never called Lucius of Britio/Birtha in contemporary sources. Upon his death in 212 CE, Abgar the Great was succeeded by his son Abgar IX. However, Abgar IX was summoned with his son to Rome in 213 CE and murdered on the orders of Caracalla. A year later Caracalla ended the independence of Osroene and incorporated it as a province into Roman Empire. See also Abgar V Notes Citations References Further reading Year of birth unknown 2nd-century Arab people 3rd-century Arab people 3rd-century Christians 212 deaths Kings of Osroene Syriac Christians", "title": "Abgar VIII" }, { "docid": "1606288", "text": "Religion in Medieval England includes all forms of religious organisation, practice and belief in England, between the end of Roman authority in the fifth century and the advent of the Tudor dynasty in the late fifteenth century. The collapse of Roman authority brought about the end of formal Christian religion in the east of what is now England as Germanic settlers established paganism in the large sections of the island that they controlled. The movement towards Christianity began again in the late sixth and seventh centuries. Pope Gregory I sent a team of missionaries who gradually converted most of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, while Scots-Irish monks were active in the north of England. The process was largely complete by the end of the seventh century, but left a confusing and disparate array of local practices and religious ceremonies. The Viking invasions of the eighth and ninth centuries reintroduced paganism to North-East England, leading in turn to another wave of conversions. The process of conversions led to an explosion of local church buildings and monasteries formed the main basis for the church. Cathedrals were also constructed. These institutions were badly affected in the ninth century by Viking raids and predatory annexations by the nobility. Reforms followed under the kings of Wessex who promoted the Benedictine rule then popular on the Continent. The 1066 Norman conquest brought a new set of Norman and French churchmen to power; some adopted and embraced aspects of the former Anglo-Saxon religious system, while others introduced practices from Normandy. The French Cluniac order became fashionable and the Augustinians spread quickly from the beginning of the twelfth century, while later in the century the Cistercians reached England. The Dominican and Franciscan friars arrived in England during the 1220s, as well as the religious military orders that became popular across Europe from the twelfth century. The Church had a close relationship with the English state throughout the Middle Ages. The bishops and major monastic leaders played an important part in national government. After the Norman Conquest kings and archbishops clashed over rights of appointment and religious policy. By the early thirteenth century the church had largely won its argument for independence. Pilgrimages were a popular religious practice throughout the Middle Ages in England. Participation in the Crusades was also seen as a form of pilgrimage, and England played a prominent part in the Second, Third and Fifth Crusades. In the 1380s, several challenges emerged to the traditional theology of the Church, resulting from the teachings of John Wycliffe. History Anglo-Saxon period Paganism and Christianisation After 380, Christianity was the official religion of the Roman Empire. The church in Roman Britain was overseen by a hierarchy of bishops and priests. Many existing pagan shrines were converted to Christian use and few pagan sites still operated by the fifth century. After the fifth century, formal church organisation disappeared in Roman Britain with the collapse of the Roman system and invasions by Germanic pagans. These Anglo-Saxons arrived with their own polytheistic gods, including", "title": "Religion in Medieval England" }, { "docid": "43755", "text": "Year 250 (CCL) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Traianus and Gratus (or, less frequently, year 1003 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 250 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire A group of Franks penetrate as far as Tarragona in Spain (approximate date). The Goths under King Cniva invade Moesia. They cross the Danube and lay siege to Novae and Marcianopolis. Battle of Augusta Traiana: The Romans lose the battle against the Goths. Cniva lays siege to Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv). After a long resistance, Cniva conquers the city and slays its one hundred thousand inhabitants. The Alamanni drive the Romans from the modern area of Donau-Ries. An epidemic begins in Ethiopia, moves into Egypt and the Roman colonies in North Africa, and spreads through the Roman Empire (named the Plague of Cyprian, after St. Cyprian, bishop of Carthage). Africa The Kingdom of Aksum (Axum) takes control of commerce on the Red Sea. Asia The earliest Chinese references to a device known as \"emperor's south-pointing carriage\" date to this period. Mesomerica Teotihuacán is rebuilt as a four-quartered cosmogram by Zapotec architects brought from Monte Albán in Oaxaca. Classic period of Mesoamerican civilization begins. By topic Art and science Diophantus writes Arithmetica, the first systematic treatise on algebra. Approximate date The family portrait medallion, traditionally called the Family of Vunnerius Keramus, is made (it is later placed in the Brescia Cross, and then in the Museo Civico dell'Etá Cristiana, Brescia). The Ludovisi Battle sarcophagus, depicting battle between the Romans and the Barbarians, is made for use in Rome (it is later moved to the collection of the National Roman Museum). The Igel Column is erected at Trier in Germany. Religion January 3 – Decian persecution of Christians is initiated when Emperor Decius orders everyone in the Roman Empire (except Jews) to perform a sacrifice to the gods of religion in ancient Rome. On January 20, Pope Fabian becomes one of the first martyrs of this persecution. Possible date – Denis, a bishop of Paris, is martyred by beheading. Births March 31 – Constantius Chlorus, Roman emperor (d. 306) Gaius Galerius Valerius Maximianus, Roman emperor (d. 311) Lu Jing (or Shiren), Chinese general and writer (d. 280) Maximian (Herculius), Roman consul and emperor (d. 310) Zuo Si (or Taichong), Chinese poet and writer (d. 305) Deaths January 20 – Fabian (or Fabianus), pope of Rome Du Qiong (or Boyu), Chinese official and astronomer Faustus, Abibus and Dionysius, Christian martyrs Marcus Minucius Felix, Roman apologist and writer Peter, Andrew, Paul and Denise, Christian martyrs Secundian, Marcellian and Verian, Christian martyrs Tryphon, Respicius, and Nympha, Christian martyrs Zhu Ju, Chinese general and chancellor (b. 194) References", "title": "250" }, { "docid": "35541", "text": "Year 313 (CCCXIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Constantinus and Licinianus (or, less frequently, year 1066 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 313 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. This year is notable for ending of the persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire. Events By place Roman Empire At the end of 312 or in early 313, the retired Emperor Diocletian dies in his palace in Split, most likely from natural causes. February: Emperors Constantine I and Licinius convene in Mediolanum (modern Milan). Licinius marries Constantine's half-sister Constantia, and they issue the Edict of Milan. This edict ends the Great Persecution against the Christians and is the first piece of legislation in western history to decree freedom of religion. It also returns property confiscated from Christians. The edict is posted in Nicomedia on June 13. Emperor Maximinus Daza crosses the Bosphorus with an army of 70,000 men and lays siege to Heraclea in Thrace. He captures the city after eight days. Battle of Tzirallum: Licinius defeats his rival Maximinus in Thrace, who then flees to Cilicia. After losing the Cilician Gates to Licinius' forces, Maximinus commits suicide. Licinius conducts a purge of the wider Tetrarchic dynasty. He executes Galerius' son Candidianus, Valerius Severus' son Severianus (whom he accuses of conspiracy), and Maximinus' wife, son and daughter. Diocletian's wife Prisca and daughter Galeria Valeria go into hiding. Asia March 14 – Emperor Huai of Jin is executed by Liu Cong, ruler of the Xiongnu state (Han-Zhao). At the imperial new year he and a number of former Jin officials are poisoned. Crown prince Min of Jin, age 13, succeeds, in Chang'an, his uncle Huai of Jin and becomes the new emperor of the Jin Dynasty. Nintoku, the fourth son of Ōjin, becomes the 16th emperor of Japan. The historical profile of Nintoku is generally accepted as fact without attributing all of the things he allegedly accomplished. By topic Art and Science Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine (or Basilica Nova), in Rome, is finished. Religion February 3 – Edict of Milan: Constantine the Great and co-emperor Licinius meet at a conference in Mediolanum (modern Milan). They proclaim a policy of religious freedom for all, ending the persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire and returning property confiscated from Christians. The edict is posted in Nicomedia on June 13. October 2 – Lateran Synod: Donatism is declared a heresy. Arius preaches of the human nature of Jesus. Births Cyril of Jerusalem, Christian bishop and theologian (d. 386) Didymus the Blind, Alexandrian theologian (d. 398) Shi Hong, Chinese emperor of the Jie state (d. 334) Deaths March 14 – Huai of Jin, Chinese emperor (b. 284) Achillas (the Great), pope and patriarch of Alexandria Galerius Valerius Maximinus, Roman emperor", "title": "313" }, { "docid": "26571478", "text": "The history of the Jews in the Roman Empire () traces the interaction of Jews and Romans during the period of the Roman Empire (27 BCE – CE 476). A Jewish diaspora had migrated to Rome and to the territories of Roman Europe from the land of Israel, Anatolia, Babylon and Alexandria in response to economic hardship and incessant warfare over the land of Israel between the Ptolemaic and Seleucid empires from the 4th to the 1st centuries BCE. In Rome, Jewish communities thrived economically. Jews became a significant part of the Roman Empire's population in the first century CE, with some estimates as high as 7 million people; however, this estimation has been questioned. Roman general Pompey conquered Jerusalem and its surroundings by 63 BCE. The Romans deposed the ruling Hasmonean dynasty of Judaea (in power from 140 BCE) and the Roman Senate declared Herod the Great \"King of the Jews\" in 40 BCE. Judea proper, Samaria and Idumea became the Roman province of Judaea in 6 CE. Jewish–Roman tensions resulted in several Jewish–Roman wars between the years 66 and 135 CE, which resulted in the destruction of Jerusalem and the Second Temple and the institution of the Jewish Tax in 70 (those who paid the tax were exempt from the obligation of making sacrifices to the Roman imperial cult). In 313, Constantine and Licinius issued the Edict of Milan giving official recognition to Christianity as a legal religion. Constantine the Great moved the Roman capital from Rome to Constantinople (\"New Rome\") 330, sometimes considered the start of the Byzantine Empire, and with the Edict of Thessalonica in 380, Christianity became the state church of the Roman Empire. The Christian emperors persecuted their Jewish subjects and restricted their rights. Jews in Rome According to the article on Rome in The Jewish Encyclopedia, The Jewish Encyclopedia connects the two civil wars raging during the last decades of the first century BCE, one in Judea between the two Hasmonean brothers Hyrcanus II and Aristobulus II, and one in the Roman republic between Julius Caesar and Pompey, and describes the evolution of the Jewish population in Rome: Even before Rome annexed Judea as a province, the Romans had interacted with Jews from their diasporas settled in Rome for a century and a half. Many cities of the Roman provinces in the eastern Mediterranean contained very large Jewish communities, dispersed from the time of the sixth century BCE. Rome's involvement in the Eastern Mediterranean dated from 63 BCE, following the end of the Third Mithridatic War, when Rome made Syria a province. After the defeat of Mithridates VI of Pontus, the proconsul Pompeius Magnus (Pompey the Great) remained to secure the area, including a visit to the Jerusalem Temple. The former king Hyrcanus II was confirmed as ethnarch of the Jews by Julius Caesar in 48 BC. In 37 BC, the Herodian Kingdom was established as a Roman client kingdom and in 6 CE parts became a province of the Roman Empire, named", "title": "History of the Jews in the Roman Empire" }, { "docid": "28788164", "text": "The main religion in Morocco is Sunni Islam, which is also the state religion of the country. Officially, 99% of the population are Muslim, and virtually all of those are Sunni. The second-largest religion in the country is Christianity, but most Christians in Morocco are foreigners. There is a community of the Baháʼí Faith. Only a fraction of the former number of Maghrebi Jews have remained in the country, many having moved to Israel. Islam According to The World Factbook maintained by the American Central Intelligence Agency, and a 2009 report by the Pew Research Center, about 99% of Moroccans are Muslims. Almost all of those are Sunni, although Pew reported in 2012 that when asked which sect they belong to, 67% of those surveyed answered Sunni, while 30% volunteered only that they were Muslim. Islam reached Morocco in 680 CE, taken to the country by the Arab Umayyad dynasty of Damascus. The first Islamic dynasty to rule Morocco were the Idrissids. Article 6 of the Moroccan constitution states that Islam is official religion of the state. The King of Morocco claims his legitimacy as a descendant of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. The Maliki Sunnite branch of Islam is dominant, while a small minority belong to Zahirism or the Shiite branch. Relations between Sunni and Shiite have been strained in recent years, with a Moroccan crackdown on material and organisations originating from Shia-majority Iran and the group Hezbollah. Christianity Morocco first experienced Christianity while under Roman rule, as the Empire converted to the faith in its later years. Christianity in Morocco appeared during the Roman times, when it was practiced by Christian Berbers in Roman Mauretania Tingitana. Many of the pre-Christian religions were then reduced in number as Christianity spread. However, after the arrival of Islam, Christianity ceased to have a significant population in the country until finally being reduced to near extinction under the almohad's forced conversion policy. Indigenous Christianity in North Africa effectively continued after the Muslim conquest until the early 15th century. Due to the Spanish and French colonization beginning in the 19th century, Roman Catholicism grew in Morocco, albeit mainly being the European colonists. A small number of Moroccans with origins in these two countries remain in Morocco. The British, who mainly belonged to the Protestant Anglican Communion, were also given permission to build churches of their faith, such as the Church of Saint Andrew, Tangier. During the French and Spanish protectorates, Morocco had significant populations of European Catholic settlers; on the eve of independence, an estimated 470,000 Catholics resided in Morocco. Since independence in 1956, the European Christian population has decreased substantially, and many Christians left to France or Spain. Prior to independence, the European Catholic settlers had historic legacy and powerful presence. Independence prompted a mass exodus of the European Christian settlers; after series of events over 1959-1960 more than 75% of Christian settlers left the country. Sub-Saharan Africans, mainly Catholics from former French colonies, have migrated to Morocco in recent years. Conversions of", "title": "Religion in Morocco" }, { "docid": "23851", "text": "Pope Damasus I (; c. 305 – 11 December 384), known as Damasus of Rome, was the bishop of Rome from October 366 to his death. He presided over the Council of Rome of 382 that determined the canon or official list of sacred scripture. He spoke out against major heresies (including Apollinarianism and Macedonianism), thus solidifying the faith of the Catholic Church, and encouraged production of the Vulgate Bible with his support for Jerome. He helped reconcile the relations between the Church of Rome and the Church of Antioch, and encouraged the veneration of martyrs. As well as various prose letters and other pieces Damasus was the author of Latin verse. Alan Cameron describes his epitaph for a young girl called Projecta (of great interest to scholars as the Projecta Casket in the British Museum may have been made for her) as \"a tissue of tags and clichés shakily strung together and barely squeezed into the meter\". Damasus has been described as \"the first society Pope\", and was possibly a member of a group of Hispanic Christians, largely related to each other, who were close to the Hispanic Theodosius I. A number of images of \"DAMAS\" in gold glass cups probably represent him and seem to be the first contemporary images of a pope to survive, though there is no real attempt at a likeness. \"Damas\" appears with other figures, including a Florus who may be Projecta's father. It has been suggested that Damasus or another of the group commissioned and distributed these to friends or supporters, as part of a programme \"insistently inserting his episcopal presence in the Christian landscape\". He is recognized as a saint by the Catholic Church; his feast day is 11 December. Background His life coincided with the rise of Emperor Constantine I and the reunion and re-division of the Western and Eastern Roman Empires, which is associated with the legitimization of Christianity and its later adoption as the official religion of the Roman state in 380. The reign of Gratian, which coincided with Damasus' papacy, forms an important epoch in ecclesiastical history, since during that period (359–383), Catholic Christianity for the first time became dominant throughout the empire. Under the influence of Ambrose, Gratian refused to wear the insignia of the pontifex maximus as unbefitting a Christian, removed the Altar of Victory from the Senate at Rome, despite protests from the pagan members of the Senate. Emperor Gratian also forbade legacies of real property to the Vestals and abolished other privileges belonging to them and to the pontiffs. Early life Pope Damasus I was born in Rome around 305. Damasus' parents were Antonius, who became a priest at the Church of St. Lawrence (San Lorenzo) in Rome, and his wife Laurentia. Both parents originally came from the region of Lusitania. Damasus began his ecclesiastical career as a deacon in his father's church, where he went on to serve as a priest. This later became the basilica of Saint Lawrence outside the Walls in", "title": "Pope Damasus I" }, { "docid": "6734985", "text": "A confessional state is a state which officially recognises and practices a particular religion, usually accompanied by a public cult, and at least encourages its citizens to do likewise. Over human history, many states have been confessional states. This is especially true in countries where Christianity, Islam and Buddhism were the religions of the state. Until the beginning of the 20th century, many if not most nations had state religions enshrined in their respective constitutions or by decree of the monarch, even if other religions were permitted to practice. However, there are many examples of large multicultural empires that have existed throughout time where the religion of the state was not imposed on subjected regions. For instance, the Mongol Empire, where Tengrism was the religion of the court, but not imposed on those ruled by the Mongols, the Achaemenid Empire and the Roman Empire before Constantine I, where regional clergies and practices were allowed to dominate as long as offerings were made to Roman Gods and tribute paid to Rome. Religious minorities are accorded differing degrees of tolerance under confessional states; adherents may or may not have a set of legal rights, and these rights may not be accessible in practice. For example, in medieval Europe Jewish people suffered various degrees of official and unofficial discrimination; during the same period in Islamic states, non-Muslims or dhimmi were legally inferior to Muslims but in theory accorded certain protections. In Europe, the 1648 Treaty of Westphalia institutionalized the principle of cuius regio, eius religio—that rulers of a state had the right to determine the religion of its subjects. This was in an effort to curb the religious warfare that had wracked Europe after the Protestant Reformation. United States Several of the Thirteen Colonies were confessional states, although of different denominations, before the American Revolution; Connecticut remained one until 1818. Other American states required each town or individual to support some religious body, without the state deciding which one; but this was also abolished, the last instance being Massachusetts, which restricted the obligation in 1821 and ended it in 1843. Modern times The confessional state is largely gone in the Western World, although in the Middle East, the confessional state still exists, particularly in Lebanon. The form of government known as the Islamic republic is still quite common in the area as well. A number of modern countries have state religions; they usually also allow freedom of religion. An example of such a state is England, an Anglican confessional state, Costa Rica, a Catholic confessional state, and Russia, an Orthodox Confessional State. Relation to theocracy Some writers counter accusations that Poland is a theocracy by stating that it is in fact a confessional state. Other writers view the notion as theocratic. See also Confessionalism (religion) Separation of church and state Elite religion Divine rule State religion References Religion and politics History of Protestantism Confessionalism", "title": "Confessional state" }, { "docid": "167021", "text": "Christian art is sacred art which uses subjects, themes, and imagery from Christianity. Most Christian groups use or have used art to some extent, including early Christian art and architecture and Christian media. Images of Jesus and narrative scenes from the Life of Christ are the most common subjects, and scenes from the Old Testament play a part in the art of most denominations. Images of the Virgin Mary and saints are much rarer in Protestant art than that of Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy. Christianity makes far wider use of images than related religions, in which figurative representations are forbidden, such as Islam and Judaism. However, there are some that have promoted aniconism in Christianity, and there have been periods of iconoclasm within Christianity, though this is not a common interpretation of Christian theology. History Beginnings Early Christian art survives from dates near the origins of Christianity, although many early Christians associated figurative art with pagan religion, and were suspicious or hostile towards it. Hans Belting wrote that \"in late antiquity... Christianity adopted the cult images of the \"pagans\", in a complete reversal of its original attitude, and developed an image practice of its own.\" But large free-standing sculpture, the medium for the most prominent pagan images, continued to be distrusted and largely shunned for some centuries, and virtually up to the present day in the Orthodox world. The oldest Christian sculptures are small reliefs from Roman sarcophagi, dating to the beginning of the 2nd century. The largest groups of Early Christian paintings come from the tombs in the Catacombs of Rome, and show the evolution of the depiction of Jesus, a process not complete until the 6th century, since when the conventional appearance of Jesus in art has remained remarkably consistent. Until the adoption of Christianity by Constantine Christian art derived its style and much of its iconography from popular Roman art, but from this point grand Christian buildings built under imperial patronage brought a need for Christian versions of Roman elite and official art, of which mosaics in churches in Rome are the most prominent surviving examples. Christian art was caught up in, but did not originate, the shift in style from the classical tradition inherited from Ancient Greek art to a less realist and otherworldly hieratic style, the start of gothic art. Middle Ages Much of the art surviving from Europe after the fall of the Western Roman Empire is Christian art, although this is in large part because the continuity of church ownership has preserved church art better than secular works. While the Western Roman Empire's political structure essentially collapsed after the fall of Rome, its religious hierarchy, what is today the modern-day Roman Catholic Church commissioned and funded production of religious art imagery. The Orthodox Church of Constantinople, which enjoyed greater stability within the surviving Eastern Empire was key in producing imagery there and glorifying Christianity. They commissioned many shrines to be built in Constantinople’s honor and also lots of well-decorated churches. These tended", "title": "Christian art" }, { "docid": "493094", "text": "The Rise of Christianity (subtitled either A Sociologist Reconsiders History or How the Obscure, Marginal Jesus Movement Became the Dominant Religious Force in the Western World in a Few Centuries, depending on the edition), is a book by the sociologist Rodney Stark, which examines the rise of Christianity, from a small movement in Galilee and Judea at the time of Jesus to the majority religion of the Roman Empire a few centuries later. Summary Stark argues that contrary to popular belief, Christianity was not a movement of the lower classes and the oppressed but instead of the upper and middle classes in the cities and of Hellenized Jews. Stark also discusses the exponential nature of the growth of religion. Stark points to a number of advantages that Christianity had over paganism to explain its growth: While others fled cities, Christians stayed in urban areas during plague, ministering and caring for the sick. Christian populations grew faster because of the prohibition of birth control, abortion and infanticide. Since infanticide tended to affect female newborns more frequently, early Christians had a more even sex ratio and therefore a higher percentage of childbearing women than pagans. To the same effect: Women were valued higher and allowed to participate in worship leading to a high rate of female converts. In a time of two epidemics (165 CE and 251 CE) which killed up to a third of the whole population of the Roman Empire each time, the Christian message of redemption through sacrifice offered a more satisfactory explanation of why bad things happen to innocent people. Further, the tighter social cohesion and mutual help made them able to better cope with the disasters, leaving them with fewer casualties than the general population. This would also be attractive to outsiders, who would want to convert. Lastly, the epidemics left many non-Christians with a reduced number of interpersonal bonds, making the forming of new ones both necessary and easier. Christians did not fight against their persecutors by open violence or guerrilla warfare but willingly went to their martyrdom while praying for their captors, which added credibility to their evangelism. Stark's basic thesis is that, ultimately, Christianity triumphed over paganism because it improved the quality of life of its adherents at that time. Reception \"Stark has produced a provocative, insightful, challenging account of the rise of Christianity. The thesis—that Christianity was a success because it provided those who joined it with a more appealing, more assuring, happier, and perhaps longer life—may anger many readers and force all readers to stop and think. It is a marvelous exercise in the sociological imagination and a warning to those who like simple explanations--such as that Constantine was ultimately responsible for the success of Christianity when he made it the official religion of the Roman Empire\" (Andrew M. Greeley, National Opinion Research Center, University of Chicago). \"For years, biblical scholars and church historians have used sociological jargon to promote ideological views. Now an established sociologist has entered the fray with devastating", "title": "The Rise of Christianity" }, { "docid": "3822830", "text": "The relationship between Christianity and politics is a historically complex subject and a frequent source of disagreement throughout the history of Christianity, as well as in modern politics between the Christian right and Christian left. There have been a wide variety of ways in which thinkers have conceived of the relationship between Christianity and politics, with many arguing that Christianity directly supports a particular political ideology or philosophy. Along these lines, various thinkers have argued for Christian communism, Christian socialism, Christian nationalism, Christian anarchism, Christian libertarianism, Christian democracy, the divine right of kings, or tsarist autocracy. Others believe that Christians should have little interest or participation in politics or government, or none at all. History Antiquity Early Christianity was most prominent in the Roman Empire, where it was illegal to practice Christianity and persecution of Christians took place. The first state to recognize Christianity as its official religion was the Kingdom of Armenia in 301. Christianity gained prominence in Roman politics during the reign of Constantine the Great, who favored Christianity and legalized its practice in the empire in 313. Christians were also appointed to government positions at this time. In 380, Trinitarian Christianity was made the official religion of the Roman Empire by Theodosius I. The first major instance of Christianity wielding power in politics took place in 390. After the Massacre of Thessalonica, the bishop of Milan forbade Emperor Theodosius the Eucharist until he repented, and Theodosius complied. Early Christians were described by Celsus as those who refused military service and would not accept public office, nor assume any responsibility for the governing of cities. Origen confirms this description and adds that Christians do more for the good of the empire by forming an \"army of piety\" that prays for the well-being of the emperor and the safety of the empire. It has been argued that Christianity made a significant positive contribution to the development of modern democracy. Middle Ages Christianity dominated European politics in the Middle Ages. During the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the Pope effectively served as the political leader of the region. The Byzantine Empire continued to be the center of the church in the East. In 800, Charlemagne was crowned by Pope Leo III as the Emperor of the Romans, establishing a precedent of interdependence of the church with the Carolingian Empire, and eventually, the Holy Roman Empire. The church also maintained strong influence over the other kingdoms of Europe. Secular rulers would support missionary efforts in order to enlarge their realms. Bishops and abbots were not only church leaders, but often also large land-owning princes and thus vassals of secular feudal lords. The line dividing church and state interests was not always clear. The church also ruled its own territory directly in the form of the Papal States. The most notable instances of the church exercising influence over the kingdoms were the Crusades, when it called the Christian kingdoms to arms to fight religious wars. Some Crusades aimed to recover and", "title": "Christianity and politics" }, { "docid": "340314", "text": "An edict of toleration is a declaration, made by a government or ruler, and states that members of a given religion will not suffer religious persecution for engaging in their traditions' practices. Edicts may imply tacit acceptance of a state religion. History Ancient times 550 BCE - The Jain principle of Anekantavada based on Ahimsa, forged by Tirthankara Vardhamana Mahavira, may have been the first Oral law for Conflict resolution of Relativism, including Religious pluralism and Syncretism. 539 BCE – The clay document Cyrus Cylinder, issued by Achaemenid Persian monarch Cyrus the Great, declares the restoration of the cult of Marduk in Babylon and of the temples of other peoples, including the Jews Second Temple. 500 BCE - The Song dynasty Great Learning, part of the Four Books and Five Classics authored by Zhu Xi, merged Legalist and Confucionist Chinese philosophies with Chan Buddhism and Daoism Chinese religions into his own form of Confucianism that became the official Chinese imperial religion. 260 BCE - The Maurya Empire Pillars of Ashoka inscriptions suggest that for the Jain-Buddhist emperor Ashoka, Dharma meant \"a moral polity of active social concern, religious tolerance, ecological awareness, the observance of common ethical precepts, and the renunciation of war.\" 260 - The Edict of Toleration by Gallienus was promulgated in favor of Christians at the initiative of the Roman emperor Gallienus. 311 – The Edict of Serdica was issued by the Roman Tetrarchy of Galerius, Constantine and Licinius, officially ending the Diocletian persecution of Christianity by declaring it a Religio licita in the Roman Religion. 313 – The Edict of Milan legalized Christianity across the whole Roman Empire. 361 – The Edict of restoration of state paganism issued by Julian the Apostate legalized all forms of Christianity as well as Judaism and Paganism. 500 - The Orphic Pythagorean Golden Verse 5th states: \"Of all the [rest of] mankind, make him your friend who distinguishes himself by his virtue.\" which presents the Virtue ethics approach for Interfaith dialogue of the Ancient Greek religion through Agoras' Henotheist Piety. 800 - The Constitution of Medina ensured freedom of belief and practices for all citizens who \"follow the believers\". It also assured that representatives of all parties, Muslim or non-Muslim, should be present when consultation occurs or in cases of negotiation with foreign states. Middle Ages 1368 - The Religion in the Mongol Empire was based on Freedom of religion. This earned Genghis Khan the title of \"defender of religions\" by the Muslims and it was even said that he was \"one of the mercies of the Lord and one of the bounties of His Divine Grace\". 1436 – The Compacts of Basel, previously declared in 1420 and approved in 1433 by the Council of Basel, were validated by the Crown of Bohemia through their acceptance by Catholics and Utraquists (moderate Hussites) at an assembly in Jihlava, under the consentment of King Emperor Sigismund, which introduced an Ecumenical limited toleration there. They state that \"the word of God is to be", "title": "Edict of toleration" }, { "docid": "68430333", "text": "The Martyrs of Persia under Shapur II were Assyrian Christian martyrs who were put to death by Shapur II of Persia (r. 309–379) for failing to renounce their faith. There may have been several thousand in total. They are remembered as a group in the Roman and Orthodox calendars. The Roman Martyrology gives feast days of 6 April, 22 April and 9 May for different groups. Historical background The standard view of early Christianity in Persia is that it was tolerated until Constantine the Great (r. 306–337) was converted to Christianity and made it the official religion of the Roman Empire. Shapur II then became suspicious of Christians in his empire, and after being defeated in a war with Rome ordering that the Christian churches be destroyed and their clergy executed. This was later extended to execution of all Christians. This view is based on Syriac accounts of martyrdoms, but these may have been written some time after the events, and may present only the Roman viewpoint. The theme of Shapur's persecution being a reaction to Constantine's conversion emerged only during the reign of Theodosius II (r. 402–450), and must be treated with some skepticism. However, there is no doubt that Shapur II severely persecuted the Christians from 339 until his death in 379, and the 5th-century Syriac Passions most likely were the source for Sozomenos's account in his Ecclesiastical History, and have been carried forward into Greek translations. Sozomen's account Sozomen ( AD) wrote in his Ecclesiastical History, Chapter XIV - Conduct and martyrdom of Milles the Bishop, multitude of bishops slain in Persia by Sapor, besides obscure individuals, Monks of Ramsgate accounts The Monks of Ramsgate wrote in their Book of Saints (1921), Roman Martyrology The Roman Martyrology includes: Butler's account The hagiographer Alban Butler ( 1710–1773) wrote in his Lives of the Primitive Fathers, Martyrs, and Other Principal Saints, under April 22, Notes Sources Persian saints 4th-century deaths", "title": "Martyrs of Persia under Shapur II" }, { "docid": "35634", "text": "Year 399 (CCCXCIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Eutropius and Theodorus (or, less frequently, year 1152 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 399 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire The Emperor Honorius of the Western Roman Empire, who is only 15 years old, closes the gladiatorial schools in Rome, and legally ends munera (gladiator games). Flavius Mallius Theodorus becomes Roman consul and official at the imperial court of emperor Arcadius. Gainas, a Gothic leader, is made magister militum and forms an alliance with deserters of Tribigild along the Bosphorus. He proclaims himself co-regent (usurper), and installs his forces in Constantinople. Gainas deposes anti-Gothic officials and has Eutropius, imperial advisor (cubicularius), executed. Middle East King Bahram IV dies after an 11-year reign. He is succeeded by Yazdegerd I, who becomes the thirteenth Sassanid Emperor of Persia. Asia Fa-Hien, Chinese Buddhist monk, travels to India, Sri Lanka and Kapilavastu (modern Nepal). Xianbei kingdom of Southern Yan conquers Qing Province (modern central and eastern Shandong) from the Eastern Jin By topic Religion November 26 – Pope Siricius dies at Rome after a 15-year reign in which he has commanded celibacy for priests, asserted papal authority over the entire Western Church, and threatened to impose sanctions on those who do not follow his dictates. Anastasius I succeeds Siricius as the 39th pope. He seeks to reconcile the churches of Rome and Antioch. Anastasius also condemns the doctrine of Origen. Flavian I is acknowledged as legitimate bishop of Antioch by the Church of Rome. Births Narsai, Syriac poet and theologian (approximate date) Deaths November 26 – Pope Siricius Bahram IV, king of the Sassanid Empire (Persia) Eutropius, Roman consul and eunuch Evagrius Ponticus, Christian monk and ascetic (b. 345) Fabiola, Christian saint Nintoku, emperor of Japan Tribigild, Ostrogothic general Tufa Wugu, prince of the Xianbei state Southern Liang Yuan Shansong, official and poet of the Jin Dynasty References", "title": "399" }, { "docid": "434485", "text": "On the City of God Against the Pagans (), often called The City of God, is a book of Christian philosophy written in Latin by Augustine of Hippo in the early 5th century AD. The book was in response to allegations that Christianity brought about the decline of Rome and is considered one of Augustine's most important works, standing alongside The Confessions, The Enchiridion, On Christian Doctrine, and On the Trinity. As a work of one of the most influential Church Fathers, The City of God is a cornerstone of Western thought, expounding on many questions of theology, such as the suffering of the righteous, the existence of evil, the conflict between free will and divine omniscience, and the doctrine of original sin. Background The sack of Rome by the Visigoths in 410 left Romans in a deep state of shock, and many Romans saw it as punishment for abandoning traditional Roman religion in favor of Christianity. In response to these accusations, and in order to console Christians, Augustine wrote The City of God as an argument for the truth of Christianity over competing religions and philosophies. He argues that Christianity was not responsible for the Sack of Rome but instead responsible for Rome's success. Even if the earthly rule of the Empire was imperiled, it was the City of God that would ultimately triumph. Augustine's focus was Heaven, a theme of many Christian works of Late Antiquity. Despite Christianity's designation as the official religion of the Empire, Augustine declared its message to be spiritual rather than political. Christianity, he argued, should be concerned with the mystical, heavenly city, the New Jerusalem, rather than with earthly politics. The book presents human history as a conflict between what Augustine calls the Earthly City (often colloquially referred to as the City of Man, and mentioned once on page 644, chapter 1 of book 15) and the City of God, a conflict that is destined to end in victory for the latter. The City of God is marked by people who forgo earthly pleasure to dedicate themselves to the eternal truths of God, now revealed fully in the Christian faith. The Earthly City, on the other hand, consists of people who have immersed themselves in the cares and pleasures of the present, passing world. Augustine's thesis depicts the history of the world as universal warfare between God and the Devil. This metaphysical war is not limited by time but only by geography on Earth. In this war, God moves (by divine intervention, Providence) those governments, political/ideological movements and military forces aligned (or aligned the most) with the Catholic Church (the City of God) in order to oppose by all means—including military—those governments, political/ideological movements and military forces aligned (or aligned the most) with the Devil (the City of the World). This concept of world history guided by Divine Providence in a universal war between God and the Devil is part of the official doctrine of the Catholic Church as most recently stated in", "title": "The City of God" }, { "docid": "40540843", "text": "The Tyche of Constantinople was the deity of fortune (Tyche) who embodied the guardianship (tutela) of the city of Constantinople in the Roman Imperial era. Malalas says that her name was Anthousa (Roman equivalent Flora). Her attributes included the mural crown, cornucopia, a ship's prow, and a spear. She was depicted standing or seated on a throne. As the personification of the city, Tyche or Anthousa could be abstracted from her origins as a Classical goddess, and like Victory made tolerable as a symbol for Christians. Under Constantine, the Tychai of Rome and Constantinople together might be presented as personifications of the empire ruling the world. Tyche of Constantinople appears in two basic guises on coins and medallions. In one, she wears a helmet like Dea Roma. In the other, which was used for instance on silver medallions in 330 AD to commemorate Constantine's inauguration day, Tyche wears a crown of towers representing city walls, and sits on a throne with a ship's prow at her feet. The iconography of Tyche shared some attributes with Cybele, especially the wearing of the turreted or mural crown as a patron of cities. According to Zosimus, who appears not to have converted to Christianity, Constantine had one statue of Rhea-Cybele altered \"through his disregard for religion, by taking away the lions on each side and changing the arrangement of the hands; for whereas previously she was apparently restraining lions, now she seemed to be praying and looking to the city as if guarding it.\" His intention seems to have been to render Cybele as the Tyche of Constantinople, in keeping with a general adaptation of Imperial cult for the newly Christianized regime. Proskynesis (prostration as submission to authority) was performed before emperors and symbols of imperial authority including the Tyche, and later before Christian symbols. One tradition held that Constantine had a cross inscribed on the Tyche of Constantinople near the Milion, and that the emperor Julian, who opposed Christianity, rejected this manifestation of Tyche. The Tyche of Constantinople continues to appear in art of the Eastern Roman Empire into the 6th century, among such examples as a consular diptych and jewelry ornaments. References External links Roman goddesses Tutelary deities Personifications in Roman mythology Religion in Constantinople Civic personifications", "title": "Tyche of Constantinople" }, { "docid": "12479124", "text": "A conventicle originally signified no more than an assembly and was frequently used by ancient writers for a church. At a semantic level conventicle is a Latinized synonym of the Greek word for church, and points to Jesus' promise in Matthew 18:20, \"Where two or three are met together in my name.\" Over time, it came to be explicitly applied to meetings of religious associations, particularly private and secret gatherings for worship. Later it became a term of deprecation or reproach, implying that those who used it opposed the ruling ecclesiastical authorities; for example, it was applied to a plot of mutinous monks in a convent or monastery. Ultimately it came to mean religious meetings of dissenters from an established church, held in places that were not recognized as specially intended for public worship or the exercise of religious functions. It implied a condition of affairs in which the state made a distinction between the forms of religion whose practice and propagation were authorized by statute, and those that were expressly prohibited. This usage has received legal sanction in Britain. Jesus' disciples as conventiclers By the accepted usage of the word, Church historians properly assert that Christianity rose ecclesiastically from a conventicle. Such was the meeting in the Upper Room of the first disciples of Christ after the Ascension (Acts 1:13). This gathering was the type that soon began to take place for prayer, mutual edification, and memorial observances in private houses such as that of Mary, the mother of John (Acts 12:12). Within a short time, they drew upon themselves the suspicions of the Jewish ecclesiastical authorities, which branded the new faith as impermissibly heretical, and instituted a persecution directed at the harrying and suppression of these conventicles, one of their most zealous agents being he who became the Apostle Paul. Conventicles in the early Roman Empire When Christianity became a world religion and spread in all directions throughout the Roman Empire, it was at first tolerated and enjoyed government protection, along with many other cults in vogue. Religions had to receive a license from the state, which was jealous, to secure itself against the danger of conspiracies maturing under the guise of religious confraternities. Largely through the influence of political considerations, Christianity soon became suspect, and a . Its meetings thus became strictly conventicles. Historians have used the term to characterize such house meetings as mentioned in Col 4:15. In the succeeding century, the catacombs were the scene of Christian conventicles. Conventicles in the later Roman Empire With the establishment of Christianity by Constantine as the state religion, all its meetings were legitimized, and the term odium could no longer be rightly applied. In the 4th and 5th centuries, the description again became applicable to the meetings of such Christian nonconformists as the Montanists and the Donatists, which were prohibited by the state under penalty of prescription and death. This policy was rigorously encouraged by the leaders of the churches enjoying state recognition and support. The 6th canon", "title": "Conventicle" }, { "docid": "14498396", "text": "Christianity first spread to Armenia prior to the official adoption of the faith in the early fourth century, although the details are obscure. In the early fourth century, the Kingdom of Greater Armenia adopted Christianity as its state religion, becoming the first state to do so. The Arsacid king of Armenia at the time, Trdat, was converted by Gregory the Illuminator, who became the first head of the Armenian Church. The traditional date for the conversion of Armenia is 301, although many alternative dates have been proposed by scholars. While Armenia's church structure was established at this time, it took longer for Christianity to fully take root in the country. The greatest progress came after the invention of the Armenian alphabet by Mesrop Mashtots and the translation of the Bible and liturgy into Armenian in the fifth century. The Christianization of Armenia is regarded as one of the most important events in Armenian history, significantly shaping the people's identity and turning Armenia away from its centuries-long links to the Iranian world. Additionally, the Armenian Church is considered to have provided a structure for the preservation of Armenian identity in the absence of Armenian political independence. Background Prior to Christianization, Armenians mostly practiced a syncretic form of Zoroastrianism (probably adopted during the Achaemenid period) with significant native Armenian and other religious elements. The Kingdom of Greater Armenia had been ruled by members of the Parthian Arsacid dynasty since the first century AD. Armenia largely managed to maintain an independent existence between its two powerful neighbors, the Parthian and Roman empires, which had reached a compromise in the first century whereby Armenia would be ruled by an Arsacid prince who would be confirmed by Rome. The overthrow of the Parthian dynasty in Iran and the rise of the Sasanians in the third century dramatically changed the political situation. Conflict between Rome and Iran intensified, while the Armenian Arsacids entered into a \"family feud\" with the Sasanians to avenge their overthrown Parthian kinsmen. As a result, Armenia became more closely aligned with the Roman Empire and was attacked and at times occupied by the Sasanians. A period of Sasanian occupation ended with the restoration of the Arsacid Trdat III (who later converted to Christianity) to the throne of Greater Armenia during the reign of Diocletian (). This possibly occurred in 298/9, coinciding with the Peace of Nisibis, which followed a Roman victory over the Sasanians; however, other dates have been proposed for Trdat's restoration. Early spread of Christianity Christianity began to spread in Armenia before the kingdom's conversion in the early fourth century, first coming from the religion's birthplace in Palestine via Syria and Mesopotamia. Some traditions tell of evangelizing by Addai of Edessa in the first century, while others claim that the apostles Thaddeus and Bartholomew preached in Armenia. Thaddeus is said to have come to proselytize in Armenia, where he was martyred by the Armenian king Sanatruk at Artaz, near Maku. Later, this story was connected to that of Gregory the", "title": "Christianization of Armenia" }, { "docid": "2583955", "text": "As the Roman Republic, and later the Roman Empire, expanded, it came to include people from a variety of cultures, and religions. The worship of an ever increasing number of deities was tolerated and accepted. The government, and the Romans in general, tended to be tolerant towards most religions and religious practices. Some religions were banned for political reasons rather than dogmatic zeal, and other rites which involved human sacrifice were banned. When Christianity became the state church of the Roman Empire, it came to accept that it was the Roman emperor's duty to use secular power to enforce religious unity,Anyone within the church who did not subscribe to catholic Christianity was seen as a threat to the dominance and purity of the \"one true faith\" and they saw it as their right to defend this by all means at their disposal. This led to persecution of pagans by the Christian authorities and populace after its institution as the state religion. Under Roman Paganism Religious tolerance and intolerance The Roman Empire typically tolerated other religions insofar as they conformed to Roman notions of what proper religion meant and if their deities could be mapped onto Roman deities. Otherwise, the Romans produced a series of persecutions of offending and nonconforming religions. In the early 3rd century, Cassius Dio outlined the Roman imperial policy towards religious tolerance: The Bacchanals In 186 BC, the Roman senate issued a decree that severely restricted the Bacchanals, ecstatic rites celebrated in honor of Dionysus. Livy records that this persecution was due to the fact that \"there was nothing wicked, nothing flagitious, that had not been practiced among them\" and that a \"greater number were executed than thrown into prison; indeed, the multitude of men and women who suffered in both ways, was very considerable\". Livy describes the Roman perceptions of the Bacchanals sect (which he shared) in his Livy Ab Urbe Condita Libri (38.9-18), among these descriptions being: On a bronze tablet found in Tiriolo, Italy in 1640, a Roman decree reads: Druids Druids were seen as essentially non-Roman: a prescript of Augustus forbade Roman citizens to practice \"druidical\" rites. Pliny reports that under Tiberius the druids were suppressed—along with diviners and physicians—by a decree of the Senate, and Claudius forbade their rites completely in 54 AD. Druids were alleged to practice human sacrifice, a practice abhorrent to the Romans. Pliny the Elder (23–79 AD) wrote \"It is beyond calculation how great is the debt owed to the Romans, who swept away the monstrous rites, in which to kill a man was the highest religious duty and for him to be eaten a passport to health.\" Judaism Tiberius forbade Judaism in Rome, and Claudius expelled them from the city. However, the passage of Suetonius is ambiguous: \"Because the Jews at Rome caused continuous disturbances at the instigation of Chrestus he [Claudius] expelled them from the city\". The Crisis under Caligula (37–41) has been proposed as the \"first open break between Rome and the Jews\", but the", "title": "Religious persecution in the Roman Empire" }, { "docid": "2335285", "text": "Sacralism is the confluence of church and state wherein one is called upon to change the other. It also denotes a perspective that views church and state as tied together instead of separate entities so that people within a geographical and political region are considered members of the dominant ecclesiastical institution. Concept A Latin saying that has often been used to describe the principle of sacralism is cuius regio, eius religio, or \"who has region, decides religion.\" The idea was that the ruler of each individual area would decide the religion of those under his control based upon his own faith. Another conceptualization refers to sacralism as a view that each fundamental relations that one occupies should be seen under the aspect of the sacred. A critical description cite sacralism as the use of the concept of \"the will of God\" to legitimate oppression and violence. There are sources that consider it as a form of fundamentalism. Examples Christian sacralism is, according to Verduin, the hybrid product that resulted from the colossal change known as the Constantinian shift that began early in the fourth century AD, when Christianity was granted official tolerance in the Roman Empire by the Emperor Constantine, and was completed by the Emperor Theodosius's declaration in 392 outlawing paganism and making Christianity the official religion of the Empire. The so-called Constantinian formula was described as a system that required the rule-right expressed in the State coalesce with the rule-right that comes to expression in the Church. This resulted in the so-called age of Christian sacralism when Roman citizens who did not necessarily subscribe to the faith are coerced into it for fear of social discrimination and outright persecution. It is suggested that the Christian sacralism still had pagan roots and that theologians merely embraced it using precepts from the Old Testament and New Testament. For instance, theologians established that Christ authorized the use of two swords: the sword of the clergy, which is the sword of the Spirit; and the sword of the soldiers of the state or the sword of steel. Christian sacralism lasted until the Reformation when Christians gradually moved away from sacralism. Sacralism is common in countries predominantly inhabited by followers of Islam. These have a tendency to comingle religion with politics and law, with the result viewed by Muslims as a compact and positive unity of all aspects of life. Sacralism has also been applied in the area of international relations. There are modernists, for example, who approach world affairs from a range of analytical languages that have their origin within European Christendom. Thinkers who subscribe to the sacralist view also argue that the whole mind is capable of knowing and have put modernism in the context of their faith. The idea is that aspects of modernism have arisen in a particular sacral environment. See also Theocracy Separation of church and state The Anabaptists — whose history illustrates a continued rejection of sacralism. References External links Dr. Martin Erdmann journalist and theologian. Book:", "title": "Sacralism" }, { "docid": "24989327", "text": "The Edict of Thessalonica (also known as Cunctos populos), issued on 27 February AD 380 by Theodosius I, made Nicene Christianity the state church of the Roman Empire. It condemned other Christian creeds such as Arianism as heresies of \"foolish madmen,\" and authorized their punishment. This edict, addressed to the inhabitants of Constantinople whom Theodosius wished to pacify in order to make the city his imperial residence, constitutes the first known secular law which includes in its preamble a clear definition of what a Christian Roman ruler considers as religious orthodoxy, opening the way of repression against dissidents qualified as \"heretics\". The Edict of Thessalonica was subsequently incorporated into Book XVI of the Theodosian Code and was the milestone of the official Christianization of the Roman Empire. Background In 313 the emperor Constantine I, together with his eastern counterpart Licinius, issued the Edict of Milan, which granted religious toleration and freedom for persecuted Christians. By 325 Arianism, a school of christology which contended that Christ did not possess the divine essence of the Father but was rather a primordial creation and an entity subordinate to God, had become sufficiently widespread and controversial in Early Christianity that Constantine called the Council of Nicaea in an attempt to end the controversy by establishing an empire-wide, i.e., \"ecumenical\" orthodoxy. The council produced the original text of the Nicene Creed, which rejected the Arian confession and upheld that Christ is \"true God\" and \"of one essence with the Father.\" However, the strife within the Church did not end with Nicaea, and the Nicene credal formulation remained contentious even among anti-Arian churchmen. Constantine, while urging tolerance, began to think that he had come down on the wrong side, and that the Nicenes—with their fervid, reciprocal persecution of Arians—were actually perpetuating strife within the Church. Constantine was not baptized until he was near death (337), choosing a bishop moderately sympathetic to Arius, Eusebius of Nicomedia, to perform the baptism. Constantius II, Constantine's son and successor in the eastern empire, was partial to the Arian party, and even exiled pro-Nicene bishops. Constantius' successor Julian (later called \"The Apostate\" by Christian writers) was the only emperor after the conversion of Constantine to reject Christianity, attempting to fragment the Church and erode its influence by encouraging a revival of religious diversity, calling himself a \"Hellene\" and supporting forms of Hellenistic religion. He championed the traditional religious cultus of Rome as well as Judaism, and furthermore declared toleration for all the various unorthodox Christian sects and schismatic movements. Julian's successor Jovian, a Christian, reigned for only eight months and never entered the city of Constantinople. He was succeeded in the east by Valens, an Arian. By 379, when Valens was succeeded by Theodosius I, Arianism was widespread in the eastern half of the Empire, while the west had remained steadfastly Nicene. Theodosius, who had been born in Hispania, was himself a Nicene Christian and very devout. In August, his western counterpart Gratian promoted persecution of heretics in the west. Content", "title": "Edict of Thessalonica" }, { "docid": "323927", "text": "() is a Latin phrase which literally means \"whose realm, their religion\" – meaning that the religion of the ruler was to dictate the religion of those ruled. This legal principle marked a major development in the collective (if not individual) freedom of religion within Western civilization. Before tolerance of individual religious divergences became accepted, most statesmen and political theorists took it for granted that religious diversity weakened a state – and particularly weakened ecclesiastically-transmitted control and monitoring in a state. The principle of was a compromise in the conflict between this paradigm of statecraft and the emerging trend toward religious pluralism (coexistence within a single territory) developing throughout the German-speaking lands of the Holy Roman Empire. It permitted assortative migration of adherents to two religious groups, Roman Catholic and Lutheran, eliding other confessions. At the Peace of Augsburg of 1555, which ended a period of armed conflict between Roman Catholic and Protestant forces within the Holy Roman Empire, the rulers of the German-speaking states and the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V, agreed to accept this principle. In practice the principle had already been implemented between the time of the Nuremberg Religious Peace of 1532 and the 1546–1547 Schmalkaldic War. Now legal in the de jure sense, it was to apply to all the territories of the Empire except for the Ecclesiastical principalities and some of the cities in those ecclesiastical states, where the question of religion was addressed under the separate principles of the and the , which also formed part of the Peace of Augsburg. This agreement marked the end of the first wave of organized military action between Protestants and Catholics; however, these principles were factors during the wars of the 1545–1648 Counter-Reformation. This left out other Reformed forms of Christianity (such as Calvinism) and radical systems such as Anabaptism. However, some non-Lutherans passed for Lutherans with the assistance of the Augsburg Confession Variata. Practices other than the two which were the most widespread in the Empire was expressly forbidden, considered by the law to be heretical, and could be punishable by death. Although \"cuius regio\" did not explicitly intend to allow the modern ideal of \"freedom of conscience\", individuals who could not subscribe to their ruler's religion were permitted to leave his territory with their possessions. Also under the , Lutheran knights were given the freedom to retain their religion wherever they lived. The revocation of the by the Catholics in the 1629 Edict of Restitution helped fuel the Thirty Years' War of 1618–1648. The Edict of Restitution itself was overturned in the 1635 Peace of Prague, which restored the 1555 terms of the Peace of Augsburg. Stability brought by assortative migrations under the principle were threatened by subsequent conversion of rulers. Therefore, the Peace of Westphalia preserved the essence of the principle by prohibiting converting rulers to force-convert their subjects and by determining the official religion of Imperial territories to the status of 1624 as a normative year. Although some dissenters emigrated, others lived as", "title": "Cuius regio, eius religio" }, { "docid": "56129147", "text": "The decline of ancient Egyptian religion is largely attributed to the spread of Christianity in Egypt. Its strict monotheistic nature did not allow the syncretism seen between ancient Egyptian religion and other polytheistic religions, such as that of the Romans. Although religious practices within Egypt stayed relatively constant despite contact with the greater Mediterranean world, such as with the Assyrians, Persians, Greeks, and Romans, Christianity directly competed with the native religion. Even before the Edict of Milan in AD 313, which legalised Christianity in the Roman Empire, Egypt became an early centre of Christianity, especially in Alexandria where numerous influential Christian writers of antiquity such as Origen and Clement of Alexandria lived much of their lives, and native Egyptian religion may have put up little resistance to the permeation of Christianity into the province. Background Egyptian religion during the Pharaonic era had its roots in prehistory. For a period of nearly three millennia, Egypt largely assimilated any conquerors or invaders from outside of the country who entered. Rulers who came from outside, such as the Hyksos, did not have a significant impact either genetically or culturally, and state support of Egyptian religion rendered it essentially stable throughout the country's ancient history. Specific towns and areas of Egypt usually placed varying emphasis on different gods, and most temples were dedicated to a specific god. The religion played a critical role in the life of every Egyptian. History Late Period The establishment of the Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt in 664 BC is traditionally considered to mark the beginning of the Egyptian Late Period. This era, lasting from 664 BC to 332 BC (the deposition of the final native pharaoh, Nectanebo II), apparently consisted of somewhat of a renewal of Egyptian culture, nationalism, and religion. Though Egypt experienced two separate invasions by the Achaemenid Empire, Persian rulers such as Cambyses II and Darius I respected Egyptian culture and religion and made no attempts to suppress it. Though Herodotus describes the Persian rule of Egypt as tyrannical and oppressive, and this is partly supported by the conscription of Egyptians into the Persian army and some slavery by the Persian upper classes, religious practices specifically did not suffer. Egyptian admiral Wedjahor-Resne, serving under Cambyses, records in his autobiography that Cambyses respected tradition and observance of religious customs in Egypt. When Cambyses placed a garrison of troops nearby the Temple of Neith at Sais, Wedjahor-Resne convinced the king to move them, as their presence may have been viewed as sacrilegious by the gods. The Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt, the last native rulers of Egypt for over 2,000 years, enabled Egyptian culture, religion, and art to flourish. Nectanebo I, the founder of this dynasty, became an accomplished builder, he worked on temples across the country and is responsible for initiating construction at the site of Philae. His grandson, Nectanebo II (who succeeded him after leading a military coup against the designated successor Teos), improved on this legacy and further established the dynasty as a time during which", "title": "Decline of ancient Egyptian religion" }, { "docid": "38854103", "text": "The \"Little Peace of the Church\" was a roughly 40-year period in the latter 3rd century in the history of the Roman Empire during which Christianity flourished without official suppression from the central government. It is particularly associated with the reign of Gallienus (253–268), who issued the first official declaration of tolerance regarding Christians. Among the series of imperial edicts that halted acts of persecution against Christians, one addressed to the bishops of Egypt has survived, recognizing places of worship and cemeteries as ecclesiastical property and restoring them to Christian ownership. The Church for the first time even asked a Roman emperor to arbitrate an internal dispute. In 272, after Paul of Samosata was accused of heresy but refused to be deposed as bishop of Antioch, Aurelian ruled in favour of his successor, who was in good standing with the church hierarchy. The \"little\" peace of the Church, described primarily by Eusebius, preceded the \"peace of the Church,\" which ushered in by the conversion of Constantine the Great. Co-existence During this time, Christian communities became more integrated into Roman society in the provinces. The possibility of integration had been recognized by some Christian intellectuals as early as the 2nd century. Tatian, a Syrian convert to Christianity, maintained that all humanity should share one code of law and one political organization, an attitude that was conducive to coexistence with the empire. The goal of unity was reflected in the Constitutio Antoniniana, which in 212 AD had extended universal citizenship to all free inhabitants of the empire. The intellectual practices associated with the Second Sophistic were adopted by Christian apologists, who drew on the rhetorical techniques of the educated classes to argue that they posed no threat to the social order. The \"little peace\" helped consolidate the development of Christian discourse in the Hellenistic manner. Conditions were also more favorable for attracting Christian converts. Eusebius of Caesarea, who grew up during the peace, contrasted it with the time in which he wrote:It is beyond our ability to describe in a suitable manner the extent and nature of the glory and freedom with which the word of piety toward the God of the universe, proclaimed to the world through Christ, was honored among all men, both Greeks and barbarians, before the persecution in our day.\" End of peace This peaceful co-existence came to an end during the reign of Diocletian (284–311). Diocletian's efforts to promote stability and unity for the Empire following the Crisis of the Third Century included the enforcement of religious conformity since citizens expressed their loyalty through participation in the public religion of Rome. Christians were viewed as incapable of acting on their obligations as Roman citizens, and his edict in 303 resulted in the Great Persecution. Galerius halted the persecutions with the edict of toleration in 311, which made it a duty for Christians to support the state (res publica) through their own forms of worship. See also Imperial cult (ancient Rome) Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire", "title": "Little Peace of the Church" }, { "docid": "24098412", "text": "The Decian persecution of Christians occurred in 250 AD under the Roman Emperor Decius. He had issued an edict ordering everyone in the Empire to perform a sacrifice to the Roman gods and the well-being of the emperor. The sacrifices had to be performed in the presence of a Roman magistrate, and be confirmed by a signed and witnessed certificate from the magistrate. Although the text of the edict has been lost, many examples of the certificates have survived. Decius' edict was intended to act as an Empire-wide loyalty oath to the new emperor (who had come to power in 249 AD), sanctified through the Roman religion. Christian monotheistic beliefs did not allow them to worship any other gods, so they were forced to choose between their religious beliefs and following the decree. An unknown number of Christians were executed or died in prison for refusing to perform the sacrifices, including Pope Fabian. Others went into hiding, whilst many apostatized and performed the ceremonies. The effects on Christians were long-lasting: it caused tension between those who had performed the sacrifices (or fled) and those who had not, and left bitter memories of persecution. Background Decius became Roman emperor in 249 as a result of military victories. He made efforts to revive Rome's \"Golden Age\", adding the name of one of his most admired predecessors, Trajan, to his own, revived the ancient office of censor and restored the Colosseum. Restoration of traditional Roman piety was another of his aims, and after performing the annual sacrifice to Jupiter on January 3, 250, he issued an edict, the text of which is lost, ordering sacrifices to the gods to be made throughout the Empire. Jews were specifically exempted from this requirement. Requirements of the edict The edict ordered that everyone in the Empire, with the exception of Jews, must sacrifice and burn incense to the gods and to the well-being of the Emperor in the presence of a Roman magistrate, and get a written certificate, called a libellus, that this had been done, signed by the magistrate and witnesses. Numerous examples of these libelli survive from Egypt, for instance:To the commission chosen to superintend the sacrifices. From Aurelia Ammonous, daughter of Mystus, of the Moeris quarter, priestess of the god Petesouchos, the great, the mighty, the immortal, and priestess of the gods in the Moeris quarter. I have sacrificed to the gods all my life, and now again, in accordance with the decree and in your presence, I have made sacrifice, and poured a libation, and partaken of the sacred victims. I request you to certify this below. Exemption of the Jews Julius Caesar had formulated a policy of allowing Jews to follow their traditional religious practices, a policy which was followed, and extended, by Augustus. This gave Judaism the status of a religio licita (permitted religion) throughout the Empire. Roman authorities respected tradition in religion and the Jews were following the beliefs and practices of their ancestors. It was well understood that", "title": "Decian persecution" }, { "docid": "1801795", "text": "The Catholic Church in Croatia () is part of the worldwide Catholic Church that is under the spiritual leadership of the Pope. The Latin Church in Croatia is administered by the Croatian Bishops' Conference centered in Zagreb, and it comprises five archdioceses, 13 dioceses and one military ordinariate. Dražen Kutleša is the Archbishop of Zagreb. A 2011 census estimated that there were 3.7 million baptized Latin Catholics and about 20,000 baptized Eastern Catholics of the Greek Catholic Church of Croatia and Serbia in Croatia, comprising 86.3% of the population. , weekly church attendance was relatively high compared to other Catholic nations in Europe, at around 27%. A 2021 Croatian census showed that 79% of the population is Catholic and 3.3% is Serbian Orthodox. The national sanctuary of Croatia is in Marija Bistrica, while the country's patron is Saint Joseph: the Croatian Parliament unanimously declared him to be the national patron in 1687. History Roman Illyrians and early Christianity The western part of the Balkan Peninsula was conquered by the Roman Empire by 168 BC after a long drawn out process known as the Illyrian Wars. Following their conquests, the Romans organised the area into the province of Illyricum, which was eventually split up into Dalmatia and Pannonia. Through being part of the Roman Empire, various religious cults were brought into the region. This included the Levantine-originated religion of Christianity. Christianity became the official religion of the Roman Empire in 391. In 395, the Roman Empire was divided into two parts, and the dividing line went through the Balkans. Illyricum fell under the rule of Rome and the rest fell under the rule of Byzantium. Indeed, Salona, a Greek-founded city close to modern Split, was one of the earliest places in the region connected with Christianity. It was able to gain influence first among some of the Dalmatian Jews living in the city. St. Titus, a disciple of St. Paul the Apostle and the subject of the Epistle to Titus in the New Testament, was active in Dalmatia. Indeed, in the Epistle to the Romans, Paul himself speaks of visiting \"Illyricum\", but he may have meant Illyria Graeca. Conversion of the Croats The Croats arrived in the area of present-day Croatia during the early part of the 7th century AD. They came in touch with the Christian natives and started to slowly accept Christianity. Byzantine and Frankish missionaries and Benedictines who were bringing Western cultural influences had a significant role in the christening of Croats. Croats had their first contact with the Holy See in year 641 when the papal envoy Abbot Martin came to them in order to redeem Christian captives and the bones of the martyrs that Croats were keeping. There is little information about the \"Baptism of the Croats\", but it is known that it was peacefully and freely accepted, and that it took place between the 7th and the 9th century. Byzantine emperor Constantine Porphyrogenitus wrote in his book De Administrando Imperio that the Byzantine Emperor Heraclius,", "title": "Catholic Church in Croatia" }, { "docid": "22974213", "text": "Christianity in the 4th century was dominated in its early stage by Constantine the Great and the First Council of Nicaea of 325, which was the beginning of the period of the First seven Ecumenical Councils (325–787), and in its late stage by the Edict of Thessalonica of 380, which made Nicene Christianity the state church of the Roman Empire. Christian persecutions {\| class=\"wikitable\" style=\"float:right; margin:0 0 0.5em 1em;\" border=\"1\" \|+ Major communions ofthe 4th-5th centuries ! Communion !! Primary centers \|- \| Roman Empire andwestern Europe \|\| Rome, Alexandria,Constantinople \|- \| Church of the East \|\| Syria, Sasanian (Persia) Empire \|- \| Oriental Orthodox orNon-Chalcedonian \|\| Armenia, Syria, Egypt \|- \| Donatist Church \|\| North Africa \|- \| Gothic Arian Church \|\| Gothic tribes \|} With Christianity the dominant faith in some urban centers, Christians accounted for approximately 10% of the Roman population by 300, according to some estimates. Roman Emperor Diocletian launched the bloodiest campaign against Christians that the empire had witnessed. The persecution ended in 311 with the death of Diocletian. The persecution ultimately had not turned the tide on the growth of the religion, and because of the rapid growth, Christians accounted for 56.5% of the Roman population by 350. Christians had already organized to the point of establishing hierarchies of bishops. In 301 the Kingdom of Armenia became the first nation to adopt Christianity, followed by the Georgians in 324 and the Romans in 380. Roman Empire Under Galerius In April 311, Galerius, who had previously been one of the leading figures in the persecutions, issued an edict permitting the practice of the Christian religion under his rule. From 313 to 380, Christianity enjoyed the status of being a legal religion within the Roman Empire. It had not become the sole authorized state religion, although it gradually gained prominence and stature within Roman society. After halting the persecutions of the Christians, Galerius reigned for another 2 years. He was then succeeded by an emperor with distinctively pro Christian leanings, Constantine the Great. Constantine I Christian sources record that Constantine experienced a dramatic event in 312 at the Battle of Milvian Bridge, after which Constantine claimed the emperorship in the West. According to these sources, Constantine looked up to the sun before the battle and saw a cross of light above it, and with it the Greek words \"\" (\"by this, conquer!\", often rendered in the Latin \"in hoc signo vinces\"); Constantine commanded his troops to adorn their shields with a Christian symbol (the Chi-Ro), and thereafter they were victorious. How much Christianity Constantine adopted at this point is difficult to discern; most influential people in the empire, especially high military officials, were still pagan, and Constantine's rule exhibited at least a willingness to appease these factions. The conversion to Christianity The accession of Constantine was a turning point for the Christian Church. In 313, Constantine issued the Edict of Milan affirming the tolerance of Christians. Thereafter, he supported the Church financially, built various basilicas, granted", "title": "Christianity in the 4th century" }, { "docid": "21448055", "text": "Eastern Orthodoxy arrived in the areas of Illyrii proprie dicti or Principality of Arbanon during the period of Byzantine Empire. Those areas fell under the Ottoman Empire during the late medieval times and Eastern Orthodoxy underwent deep sociopolitical difficulties that lasted until the fall of the Ottoman Empire. Between 1913 and until the start of WWII under the newly recognized state of Albania, Eastern Orthodoxy saw a revival and in the 1937 the Autocephaly after a short Eastern Orthodoxy schism and contestation was recognized. Decades of persecution under the Communist state atheism, which started in 1967 and officially ended in December 1990, greatly weakened all religions and their practices especially Christians of Albania. The post-communist period and the lifting of legal and other government restrictions on religion allowed Orthodoxy to revive through institutions and enabled the development of new infrastructure, literature, educational facilities, international transnational links and other social activities. History Christianity first arrived in the areas of the Principality of Arbanon through the preachings of Saint Paul during the 1st century. Saint Paul wrote that he preached in the Roman province of Illyricum, and legend holds that he visited Dyrrachium. It was Saint Astius, a 2nd-century Illyrian and Christian martyr venerated by the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches, that served as bishop of Durrës (Dyrrachium), during the time of the emperor Trajan (98–117). Astius is the Patron Saint and Protector of Durrës. However it was Roman emperor of Illyrian origins, Constantine the Great, who issued the Edict of Milan and legalized Christianity, that the Christian religion became official to what is considered today Albania. Modern scholars argue that there is not sufficient evidence to suggest that the historical Illyricum, a province of the Roman Empire of the first century AD, which never officially adapted the Christian faith has any cultural, religious, linguistic or historical connection with the areas that were Principality of Arbanon attested by ancient Roman writers Pliny the Elder and Pomponius Mela as Illyrii proprie dicti. The schism of 1054, however, formalized the split of Christianity into two branches, Roman Catholics and Orthodox Catholics, that was reflected in areas of the Principality of Arbanon with the emergence of Roman Catholics in the northwest and Orthodox Catholics in the northeast and the south. In the 11th century, the Roman Catholic church created the archbishopric in Bar, that brought the bishoprics of Drivast, Ulcinj, Shkodër, and others under its control. After the west-east schism the northwestern areas of Principality of Arbanon joined or became Roman Catholics while the northeast and the south remained Eastern Orthodox or Orthodox Catholics. As such during the latter half of 12th century Roman Catholicism spread in northwestern Albania and in northeastern and southern Albania partially made inroads among the population. When the Ottoman Empire become the dominating force in those areas it exploited through intrigues the east-west schism to the maximum extent possible which lead to deep bitternes between the Roman Catholics and Orthodox and continue to occur even in the 21st century.", "title": "Eastern Orthodoxy in Albania" }, { "docid": "19273047", "text": "Multiculturalism and Christianity have a long historical association. Christianity originated as a sect of Judaism in the Middle East, as Jesus, the founder and central figure of Christianity, lived and held his ministry in the Middle East. Paul the Apostle, an ethnic Jew who was born and lived in the Middle East, holds such importance to Christianity that some call him the religion's \"Second Founder\". The greatest influence on Christianity after Paul, Augustine of Hippo, a Church Father, a Doctor of the Church, and an eminent theologian, was North African. Under the influence of Paul, Christianity soon spread widely among non-Jews (Gentiles) of the Roman Empire. Roman Empire The Roman Emperor Galerius issued an edict permitting the practice of the Christian religion under his rule in April 311. In 313 Constantine I and Licinius announced toleration of Christianity in the Edict of Milan. Constantine would become the first Christian emperor. By 391, under the reign of Theodosius I, Christianity had become the state religion. Constantine I, the first emperor to embrace Christianity, was also the first emperor to openly promote the newly legalized religion. As the political boundaries of the Western Roman Empire diminished and then collapsed, Christianity spread beyond the old borders of the Empire and into lands that never had been Romanized. Age of Discovery During the Age of Discovery, the Roman Catholic Church established a number of Christian mission in the Americas and other colonies in order to spread Christianity in the New World and to convert the indigenous peoples. At the same time, missionaries such as Francis Xavier as well as other Jesuits, Augustinians, Franciscans and Dominicans were moving into Asia and the Far East. The Portuguese sent missions into Africa. While some of these missions were associated with imperialism and oppression, others (notably Matteo Ricci's Jesuit mission to China) were relatively peaceful and focused on integration rather than cultural imperialism. The most famous colonization by Protestants in the New World was that of English Puritans in North America. Unlike the Spanish or French, the English colonists made surprisingly little effort to evangelize the native peoples. The Puritans, or Pilgrims, left England so that they could live in an area with Puritanism established as the exclusive civic religion. World Christianity in the Modern Era Christianity is a religion open to all humanity that counts one out of every three people on earth among its members. The Christian world encompasses a greater area of land than that of any other religious territory. In terms of both population and geography, Christianity is the world's largest religion. As such, Christianity contains a great diversity, and has followers from a wide range of ethnicities, nationalities, and cultures. Both Europeans and non-Hispanic Whites are shrinking minorities in the Church. Europe In his book Enlarging the Story: Perspectives on Writing World Christian History, Richard Fox Young views the connection between Christianity and Eurocentrism as tenuous, and points to the postcolonial and non-European nature of the emerging Church and its impact on the", "title": "Multiculturalism and Christianity" }, { "docid": "821349", "text": "Ancient Roman temples were among the most important buildings in Roman culture, and some of the richest buildings in Roman architecture, though only a few survive in any sort of complete state. Today they remain \"the most obvious symbol of Roman architecture\". Their construction and maintenance was a major part of ancient Roman religion, and all towns of any importance had at least one main temple, as well as smaller shrines. The main room (cella) housed the cult image of the deity to whom the temple was dedicated, and often a table for supplementary offerings or libations and a small altar for incense. Behind the cella was a room, or rooms, used by temple attendants for storage of equipment and offerings. The ordinary worshiper rarely entered the cella, and most public ceremonies were performed outside of the cella where the sacrificial altar was located, on the portico, with a crowd gathered in the temple precinct. The most common architectural plan had a rectangular temple raised on a high podium, with a clear front with a portico at the top of steps, and a triangular pediment above columns. The sides and rear of the building had much less architectural emphasis, and typically no entrances. There were also circular plans, generally with columns all round, and outside Italy there were many compromises with traditional local styles. The Roman form of temple developed initially from Etruscan temples, themselves influenced by the Greeks, with subsequent heavy direct influence from Greece. Public religious ceremonies of the official Roman religion took place outdoors and not within the temple building. Some ceremonies were processions that started at, visited, or ended with a temple or shrine, where a ritual object might be stored and brought out for use, or where an offering would be deposited. Sacrifices, chiefly of animals, would take place at an open-air altar within the templum; often on one of the narrow extensions of the podium to the side of the steps. Especially under the Empire, exotic foreign cults gained followers in Rome, and were the local religions in large parts of the expanded Empire. These often had very different practices, some preferring underground places of worship, while others, like Early Christians, worshiped in houses. Some remains of many Roman temples still survive, above all in Rome itself, but the relatively few near-complete examples were nearly all converted into Christian churches (and sometimes subsequently to mosques), usually a considerable time after the initial triumph of Christianity under Constantine. The decline of Roman religion was relatively slow, and the temples themselves were not appropriated by the government until a decree of the Emperor Honorius in 415. Santi Cosma e Damiano, in the Roman Forum, originally the Temple of Romulus, was not dedicated as a church until 527. The best known is the Pantheon, Rome, which, however, is highly untypical, being a very large circular temple with a magnificent concrete roof, behind a conventional portico front. Terms The English word \"temple\" derives from the Latin templum, which", "title": "Roman temple" }, { "docid": "25789277", "text": "Christianity in late antiquity traces Christianity during the Christian Roman Empire — the period from the rise of Christianity under Emperor Constantine (c. 313), until the fall of the Western Roman Empire (c. 476). The end-date of this period varies because the transition to the sub-Roman period occurred gradually and at different times in different areas. One may generally date late ancient Christianity as lasting to the late 6th century and the re-conquests under Justinian (reigned 527–565) of the Byzantine Empire, though a more traditional end-date is 476, the year in which Odoacer deposed Romulus Augustus, traditionally considered the last western emperor. Christianity began to spread initially from Roman Judaea without state support or endorsement. It became the state religion of Armenia in either 301 or 314, of Ethiopia in 325, and of Georgia in 337. With the Edict of Thessalonica it became the state religion of the Roman Empire in 380. Persecution and legalisation The Edict of Serdica was issued in 311 by the Roman emperor Galerius, officially ending the Diocletianic persecution of Christianity in the East. With the passage in 313 AD of the Edict of Milan, in which the Roman Emperors Constantine the Great and Licinius legalised the Christian religion, persecution of Christians by the Roman state ceased. The Emperor Constantine I was exposed to Christianity by his mother, Helena. There is scholarly controversy, however, as to whether Constantine adopted his mother's Christianity in his youth, or whether he adopted it gradually over the course of his life. In 313, he and Licinius issued the Edict of Milan, officially legalizing Christian worship. In 316, he acted as a judge in a North African dispute concerning the Donatist controversy. More significantly, in 325 he summoned the Council of Nicaea, effectively the first Ecumenical Council (unless the Council of Jerusalem is so classified), to deal mostly with the Arian controversy, but which also issued the Nicene Creed, which among other things professed a belief in One Holy Catholic Apostolic Church, the start of Christendom. The reign of Constantine established a precedent for the position of the Christian Emperor in the Church. Emperors considered themselves responsible to God for the spiritual health of their subjects, and thus they had a duty to maintain orthodoxy. The emperor did not decide doctrine — that was the responsibility of the bishops — rather his role was to enforce doctrine, root out heresy, and uphold ecclesiastical unity. The emperor ensured that God was properly worshiped in his empire; what proper worship consisted of was the responsibility of the church. This precedent would continue until certain emperors of the fifth and six centuries sought to alter doctrine by imperial edict without recourse to councils, though even after this Constantine's precedent generally remained the norm. The reign of Constantine did not bring the total unity of Christianity within the Empire. His successor in the East, Constantius II, was an Arian who kept Arian bishops at his court and installed them in various sees, expelling the orthodox", "title": "Christianity in late antiquity" }, { "docid": "1724095", "text": "The Catholic Church and Judaism have a long and complex history of cooperation and conflict, and have had a strained relationship throughout history, with periods of persecution, violence and discrimination directed towards Jews by Christians, particularly during the Middle Ages. The Catholic Church, as the largest Christian denomination, traces its roots back to the early Christian community, while Judaism is one of the oldest monotheistic religions. Christianity started as a movement within Judaism in the mid-1st century. Worshipers of the diverging religions initially co-existed, but began branching out under Paul the Apostle. In 380, Christianity became the state religion of the Roman Empire, and a power on its own after the Fall of Rome. As Christianity grew and became the dominant religion in the Roman Empire, the relationship between the two religions began to change with the Catholic Church, which emerged as the main institution of Christianity, starting to view Judaism as a rival religion. In the 4th century, the Roman Emperor Constantine converted to Christianity and made it the state religion. The Church began to suppress the practice of Judaism and forced many Jews to convert to Christianity. This persecution continued for several centuries, with Jews being subjected to forced conversions, expulsions, and massacres. During the Middle Ages, the Catholic Church institutionalized antisemitism through the creation of discriminatory laws and the establishment of the Inquisition. This led to widespread persecution of Jews, including forced conversions, expulsions, and pogroms. Jews were expelled from Catholic kingdoms, including England and Spain and many of the principalities and cities of the Holy Roman Empire and Italy. After the Holocaust in the 20th century, the Second Vatican Council in the 1960s led to improvements in the relationship between the Catholic Church and Judaism, following the Church's repudiation of the Jewish deicide accusation and its addressing the topic of antisemitism. In 1965, the Church issued the document \"Nostra aetate\" which condemned antisemitism and recognized the shared heritage of Jews and Christians. Since the 1970s, interfaith committees have met regularly to address relations between the religions, and Catholic and Jewish institutions have continued to work together on issues such as social justice, interfaith dialogue, and Holocaust education. The Catholic Church has also taken steps to address the harm caused by past persecution of Jews, such as the establishment of the Vatican Commission for Religious Relations with the Jews and the apology of the Pope John Paul II to the Jewish community. Background Christianity started as a movement in Second Temple Judaism in the Roman province of Judea in the mid-1st century. The first Christians were Jewish and the early spread of Christianity was aided by the wide extent of the Jewish diaspora in the Roman Empire. Although Jesus was not accepted as the messiah by Jewish leaders, worshipers of the diverging religions initially co-existed within the Jewish synagogues, reading the Jewish scriptures, singing the Psalms and joining in the various rituals of the Jewish calendar. Christians moved away from Jews in subsequent centuries, but modern Catholicism", "title": "Catholic Church and Judaism" }, { "docid": "11467405", "text": "Caucasian Albania (Middle Persian: Arān, Ardān, Armenian: Ałuank) was a kingdom in the Caucasus, which was under the suzerainty of the Sasanian Empire from 252 to 636. History In 252/3 Albania, along with Iberia and Armenia, was conquered and annexed by the Sasanian king Shapur I (). Albania retained its monarchy, although the king had no real power and most civil, religious, and military authority lay with the Sasanian marzban (\"margrave\") of the territory. In 297 the Treaty of Nisibis stipulated the re-establishment of the Roman protectorate over Iberia, but Albania remained an integral part of the Sasanian Empire. In the middle of the 4th century the king of Albania, Urnayr, arrived in Armenia and was baptized by Gregory the Illuminator, but Christianity spread in Albania slowly, and the Albanian king remained loyal to the Sasanians. After the partition of Armenia between Byzantium and Iran (387), Albania with Sasanian help was able to seize from Armenia the entire right bank of the river Kura up to the river Araxes, including Artsakh and Utik. The Sasanian king Yazdegerd II passed an edict requiring all the Christians in his empire to convert to Mazdaism, fearing that Christians might ally with Roman Empire, which had recently adopted Christianity. This led to rebellion of Albanians, along with Armenians and Iberians. However, the Albanian king Vache, a relative of Yazdegerd II, converted to the official religion of the Sassanian empire, but quickly reverted to Christianity. In the middle of the 5th century by the order of the Sasanian king Peroz I Vache built in Utik the city initially called Perozabad, and later Partaw and Barda, and made it the capital of Albania. The seat of the Albanian Catholicos was also transferred to Partaw, as well as the marzban. After the death of Vache, Albania remained without a king for thirty years. The Sasanian Balash reestablished the Albanian monarchy by making Vachagan, son of Yazdegerd and brother of the previous king Vache, the king of Albania. By the end of the 5th century, the ancient ruling dynasty of Albania was replaced by princes of the Parthian Mihranid family, who claimed descent from the Sasanians. They assumed the title of \"Arranshah\" (i.e. shah of Arran, the Iranian name of Albania). The ruling dynasty was named after its founder Mihran, who was a distant relative of the Sasanians. The Mihranid dynasty survived under Muslim suzerainty until 821-2. In the late 6th – early 7th centuries AD the territory of Albania became an arena of wars between Sassanian Iran, Byzantium and Khazar kaganate, the latter two very often acting as allies. During the Third Perso-Turkic War, the Khazars invaded Albania, and their leader Ziebel declared himself lord of Albania, levying a tax on merchants and the fishermen of the Kura and Araxes rivers, which was \"in accordance with the land survey of the kingdom of Persia\". The Albanian kings retained their rule by paying tribute to the regional powers. Albania was later conquered by the Arabs during the Islamic", "title": "Caucasian Albania (Sasanian province)" }, { "docid": "60809731", "text": "Hellenisation in the Byzantine Empire describes the spread and intensification of ancient Greek culture, religion and language in the Byzantine Empire. The theory of Hellenisation generally applies to the influence of foreign cultures subject to Greek influence or occupation, which includes the ethnic and cultural homogenisation which took place throughout the life of the Byzantine Empire (330-1453). Naming Whilst the noun 'Hellene' refers simply to what is ‘Greek’, Hellenisation comes from the word Hellazein. This refers to the adoption of Greek identity, culture and language — “to speak Greek or identify with the Greeks”. The Hellenistic period following the campaigns of Alexander the Great in the fourth century is widely associated with the term. However, the wider academic consensus acknowledges its central role in the formulation and transformation of the Byzantine Empire throughout the over one thousand years of its existence. Background Following the division of the Empire by the Emperor Diocletian in 286, the Emperor Constantine the Great (324 to 337) conquered rivals to become Emperor of both Eastern and Western halves of the empire. This led to the moving of the Roman capital to the founded city of Constantinople in 330. Making significant changes to the Roman Empire, Constantine legalised Christianity and later converted himself — subsequently leading to a distinct Christian culture. This characterised the Byzantine Empire following the demise of the Western Roman Empire in 476. Byzantines continued to identify as Roman, and the pronoun ‘Byzantine’ was not used from the beginning. The term is an anachronism which developed in later times derived from the term ‘Byzantium’. This is also the Greek word for Constantinople, the empire’s capital. Despite these Roman Imperial roots, the geographically and largely Hellenic Byzantine Empire witnessed multiple periods of Hellenisation and a departure from its Latin associations from its founding in 330 to its fall in 1453. Following periods of instability and division between East and West the Roman Senate sent the regalia of the Western Empire to Eastern Emperor Zeno in 476, acknowledging Constantinople as the sole seat of the Roman Empire and Roman Emperor. What followed was a gradually intensifying process of political, cultural and eventually linguistic Hellenisation. Amongst other reforms, this notably led to introducing Greek as the Byzantine Empire's official language in 610 under the Emperor Heraclius’ (ruled from 610 to 641). Hellenism and Christianity The impact of Christianity following its legitimisation as the official state religion of Rome under Constantine in the 4th century contributed key impacts for the empire and its Hellenistic character. There were varying clashes between the two ideals — Hellenism and Christianity — which were often deemed ‘incompatible’. As Byzantine historian Dvornik notes, the Hellenistic theory of Divine Kingship was reconciled with the Byzantine concept of a single Universal Ruler who “imitated” and personified the Divine Ruler in Heaven. A fusion of Hellenistic doctrines, occurred as to justify this incorporation of Hellenistic and often pagan-associated themes into the heavily Christian society. Such elements included the classical philosophers Plato, Philo and Greek Stoics.", "title": "Hellenization in the Byzantine Empire" }, { "docid": "8210115", "text": "Religion in Wales has, over the years, become increasingly diverse. Christianity was the religion of virtually all of the Welsh population until the late 20th century, but it has rapidly declined throughout the early 21st century. Today a plurality (46.5%) of people in Wales follow no religion at all. Representing 43.6% of the Welsh population in 2021, Christianity is the largest religion in Wales. Wales has a strong tradition of nonconformism, particularly Methodism. The Church of England was the established church until 1920 when the disestablished Church in Wales, still Anglican, was self-governing. Most adherents to organised religion in Wales follow one of the Christian denominations such as the Presbyterian Church of Wales, Baptist and Methodist churches, the Church in Wales, Catholicism or Eastern Orthodoxy. Other religions Welsh people may be affiliated with include Buddhism, Hinduism, Judaism, Islam, Sikhism and Druidism, with most non-Christian Welsh people found in the large cities of Cardiff and Swansea. Some modern surveys have suggested that most Welsh people do not identify with any religion, and record significantly less religious feeling in Wales than in other parts of the UK. Census statistics Christianity History Roman origins Although Christianity arrived in Wales sometime in the Roman occupation, it was initially suppressed. The first Christian martyrs in Wales, Julius and Aaron, were killed around AD 304. The earliest Christian object found in Wales is a vessel with a Chi-Rho symbol found at Caerwent. Christianity became the official religion of the Roman Empire in the 4th century. After the Roman legions withdrew in the 5th century Anglo-Saxon invaders gradually conquered eastern and southern Britain but were unable to make inroads into Wales, cutting off Wales from the Celts in Scotland, Cornwall and Cumbria. The writer Gildas drew sharp contrasts between the Christian Welsh at this time and the pagan Anglo-Saxon invaders. Emergence The age of the saints (about AD 500–700) was marked by the establishment of monastic settlements throughout the country, by religious leaders such as Saint David, Illtud and Teilo. This was the period when the Welsh developed a shared national identity, arising from their language and religious beliefs. The Welsh bishops refused to co-operate with Augustine of Canterbury's mission to the Anglo-Saxons. However, a combination of Celtic Christianity's reconciliation with Rome and English conquest of Wales meant that from the Middle Ages, the Welsh dioceses became part of the Province of Canterbury. They were all Catholic until the Reformation broke with Rome and created the Church of England under the control of King Henry VIII. The Established Church in Wales was the Church of England until it was disestablished in Wales in 1920. The old Welsh dioceses became the new Church in Wales. It created two new dioceses: the Diocese of Monmouth in 1921, and the Diocese of Swansea and Brecon in 1923. Reformation Bishop Richard Davies and dissident Protestant cleric John Penry introduced Calvinist theology to Wales. They used the model of the Synod of Dort of 1618–1619. Calvinism developed through the Puritan period, following", "title": "Religion in Wales" }, { "docid": "47602644", "text": "The history of Christianity in Sussex includes all aspects of the Christianity in the region that is now Sussex from its introduction to the present day. Christianity is the most commonly practised religion in Sussex. Early history After the Roman conquest of AD 43, the Celtic society of Sussex became heavily Romanized. The first written account of Christianity in Britain comes from the early Christian Berber author, Tertullian, writing in the third century, who said that \"Christianity could even be found in Britain.\" Emperor Constantine (AD 306-337), granted official tolerance to Christianity with the Edict of Milan in AD 313. Then, in the reign of Emperor Theodosius \"the Great\" (AD 378–395), Christianity was made the official religion of the Roman Empire. When Roman rule eventually ceased, Christianity was probably confined to urban communities. At Wiggonholt, on a tributary of the River Arun, a large lead tank with repeated chi-rho motifs was discovered in 1943, the only Roman period artefact in Sussex found with a definite Christian association. It may represent a baptismal font or a container for holy water, or alternatively may have been used by pagans. Medieval Saxon After the departure of the Roman army, the Saxons arrived and founded the Kingdom of Sussex in the 5th century, bringing with them their polytheistic religion. The Saxon pagan culture probably caused a reversal of the spread of Christianity. According to Bede, Sussex was the last of the mainland Anglo Saxon kingdoms to be converted. Æðelwealh became Sussex's first Christian king when he married Eafe, the daughter of Wulfhere, the Christian king of Mercia. In 681 St Wilfrid, the exiled Bishop of York, landed at Selsey and is credited with evangelising the local population and founding the church in Sussex. King Æðelwealh granted land to Wilfrid which became the site of Selsey Abbey. The seat of the Sussex bishopric was originally located here before the Normans moved it to Chichester Cathedral in 1075. According to Bede, Sussex was the last area of the country to be converted. However it is unlikely that Sussex was wholly heathen when Wilfrid arrived. Æðelwealh, Sussex's king, had been baptised. Damianus, a South Saxon, was made Bishop of Rochester in the Kingdom of Kent in the 650s; this may indicate earlier missionary work in the first half of the 7th century. At the time of Wilfrid's mission there was a monastery at Bosham containing a few monks led by an Irish monk named Dicul, which was probably part of the Hiberno-Scottish mission of the time. Wilfrid was a champion of Roman customs and it was these customs that were adopted by the church in Sussex rather than the Celtic customs that had taken root in Scotland and Ireland. Shortly after Æðelwealh granted land to Wilfrid for the church, Cædwalla of Wessex killed Æðelwealh and conquered Sussex. Christianity in Sussex was put under control of the diocese of Winchester. It was not until c. 715 that Eadberht, Abbot of Selsey was consecrated the first bishop of the", "title": "History of Christianity in Sussex" }, { "docid": "47101207", "text": "Religion in Sussex has been dominated over the last 1,400 years by Christianity. Like the rest of England, the established church in Sussex is the Church of England, although other Christian traditions exist. After Christianity, the religion with the most adherents is Islam, followed by Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism and Sikhism. Sussex is sometimes referred to as 'Silly Sussex', for silly is a corruption of Old Saxon saelig meaning 'holy'. The historic county has been a single diocese after St Wilfrid converted the kingdom of Sussex in the seventh century. Historically, the west of the county has had a tendency towards Catholicism while the east of the county has had a tendency towards non-conformism. The county has been home to several pilgrimage sites, including the shrine (at Chichester Cathedral) to St Richard of Chichester which was destroyed during the Reformation, and the more recent Catholic shrine at West Grinstead. During the Marian persecutions, several Sussex men were martyred for their Protestant faith, including 17 men at Lewes. The Society of Dependants (nicknamed the Cokelers) were a non-conformist sect formed in Loxwood. The Quaker and founding father of Pennsylvania, William Penn worshipped near Thakeham; his UK home from 1677 to 1702 was at nearby Warminghurst. Sussex is connected with several saints, including St Wilfrid, sometimes known as the 'Apostle of Sussex'; St Cuthman of Steyning; St Cuthflæd of Lyminster; St Lewina; St Richard of Chichester, Sussex's patron saint; St Philip Howard, Earl of Arundel; and James Hannington. In folklore, Mayfield and Devil's Dyke are linked with St Dunstan, while West Tarring has links with St Thomas a Becket. A wide variety of non-traditional religious and belief groups have bases in and around East Grinstead. The UK headquarters of the Church of Scientology is situated at Saint Hill Manor, formerly the home of the group's founder, L. Ron Hubbard. In 2011 Mid Sussex had the highest proportion of Scientologists per head of any district in England and Wales. Opus Dei, the Rosicrucian Order and the Pagan Federation also have bases nearby. The UK's first temple of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (the Mormons) lies north of East Grinstead, just over the Surrey border. Statistics The statistics for current religion (not religion of upbringing where also asked) from the 2011 census are set out in the tables below. Christianity History Romano-British After the Roman conquest of AD 43, the Celtic society of Sussex became heavily Romanized. The first written account of Christianity in Britain comes from the early Christian Berber author, Tertullian, writing in the third century, who said that \"Christianity could even be found in Britain.\" Emperor Constantine (AD 306-337), granted official tolerance to Christianity with the Edict of Milan in AD 313. Then, in the reign of Emperor Theodosius \"the Great\" (AD 378–395), Christianity was made the official religion of the Roman Empire. When Roman rule eventually ceased, Christianity was probably confined to urban communities. Saxon After the departure of the Roman army, the Saxons arrived in Sussex in", "title": "Religion in Sussex" }, { "docid": "39134794", "text": "Christianity: A History is an eight-part television series produced in 2009 by Pioneer Productions for Channel 4. Each episode is presented by a different personality with a connection to the story they tell. The episodes cover a range of personal views on issues from the religion's inception in Palestine and its progression in the Roman empire, the Crusades, English Reformation, colonial dissemination and the Age of Enlightenment, to the impacts of science and 21st-century views. Show Listing Jesus The Jew: Writer Howard Jacobson discusses the nature of Jesus' 'Jewish-ness' and looks at the chequered relationship between Judaism and Christianity. Rome: Michael Portillo investigates the political compromises that Christianity was forced to make when the Roman Empire adopted it as its official religion. Dark Ages: Theologian Robert Beckford looks at the impact Christianity has had on Britain and argues that the sixth-century conversion was the most important event in British history. Crusades: War reporter Rageh Omaar examines the relationship between Christianity and war, and the lasting impact of the Crusades on Christianity's relations with Islam. Reformation: Ann Widdecombe, who has converted from Anglicanism to Catholicism, focuses on the Reformation and the intolerance, divisions, and bloodshed it caused. Dark Continents: Writer and actor Kwame Kwei-Armah, whose African ancestors were enslaved and converted as part of the European colonial conquest of Africa, investigates the global spread of Christianity. God and the Scientists: Leading British scientist Colin Blakemore examines the impact of the scientific revolution and the Enlightenment of the 17th and 18th centuries and how scientific discovery challenged centuries of biblical teachings. The Future of Christianity: And in the final episode, QC Cherie Blair looks at the challenges Christianity faced in the 20th century from war, genocide and revolutionary social change; and asks whether as a world religion it has a real future. References 2000s British documentary television series 2009 British television series debuts Historiography of Christianity", "title": "Christianity: A History" } ]	[ "Emperor Theodosius I" ]
train_7063	the land purchased from mexico that today is part of southern arizona and new mexico was called the	[ { "docid": "13501540", "text": "San Bernardino Ranch is a historic ranch house in the southern San Bernardino Valley near the San Bernardino National Wildlife Refuge in extreme southeast Cochise County, Arizona, United States. It is significant for its association with the beginning of cattle ranching in southern Arizona and northern Mexico. The ranchland and valley are part of the headwaters region of the Yaqui River. The site is also known as the Slaughter Ranch, for it was the home of the Old West lawman John Horton Slaughter from the 1880s until his death in 1922. In 1911, during the conflict known as the Border War, a United States Army camp was established at the ranch and was called Camp San Bernardino Ranch, or the Slaughter Ranch Outpost. The site was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1964 for its association with Slaughter. Today the compound includes the preserved ranch house, wash house, icehouse, granary, and commissary. Much of it is set up as a museum known as the Johnson Historical Museum of the Southwest. History The San Bernardino Valley was originally home to Southern Athabaskan Native American tribes. Spanish missionaries, including the Jesuit missionary Father Eusebio Kino, were the first Europeans to visit the site, in 1694. The Marquis de Rubí proposed the building of the San Bernardino Garrison, which was occupied from 1775 to 1780. The original Mexican land grant of , where the San Bernardino Ranch sits today, was purchased by Ignacio Perez in 1822 for 90 pesos (plus additional fees). He was chased from his land grant by local Apache Indians in the 1830s. In 1846 the Mormon Battalion came through the property on their way to California. A historical marker commemorating their passage can now be seen at the beginning of the road leading to the front gate. Prospectors and pioneers continued to trek through the valley in the 1840s and 1850s on their way to California. On June 8, 1854, the valley officially became part of the United States following the Gadsden Purchase from Mexico. Slaughter Ranch In 1884, John Horton Slaughter, a cowboy and lawman originally from Texas, purchased from Perez's heirs for approximately $80,000. Two-thirds of his property lay in Mexico, with the remaining third in the Arizona Territory. There are ruins on the property now owned by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service where a Mormon employee of Slaughter's built a home (called the Mormon House) straddling the U.S.–Mexico border so he could keep a wife in the United States and a wife in Mexico. The home was two rooms, one on each side of the border, with a breezeway connecting them. Slaughter was elected sheriff of Cochise County, Arizona in 1886, and served two terms through 1890. He became well known for restoring lawfulness in towns like Tombstone, Arizona after the infamous 1881 Gunfight at the OK Corral. The Tombstone jail was once known as the \"Hotel de Slaughter\". He helped tame the Arizona Territory, and was known to return from searching for outlaws", "title": "San Bernardino Ranch" }, { "docid": "41706346", "text": "Hispanic and Latino New Mexicans are residents of the state of New Mexico who are of Hispanic or Latino ancestry. As of the 2020 U.S. Census, Hispanics and Latinos of any race were 49.3% of the state's population. New Mexico's Hispanic population is largely Indigenous. Out of these, known as Hispanos, many are descended from early Spanish-speaking colonists, and form a distinct cultural group. History The Spanish settlement began on July 11, 1598 when the explorer Don Juan de Oñate came north from Mexico City to New Mexico with 500 Spanish settlers and soldiers and a livestock of 7,000 animals. They founded San Juan de los Caballeros, the first Spanish settlement in what was called the Kingdom of New Mexico, after the Valley of Mexico. The colony grew steadily, although it was diminished by the Pueblo revolt in 1680, which led to the murder of many Spaniards and Nuevomexicanos. Comanches frequently attacked Spanish and other Native American settlements. The only colonial governor of New Mexico to achieve peace with the Comanches was Tomás Vélez Cachupín, who adminitered the province from 1749 to 1754 and 1762 to 1767. On the other hand, under several colonial governments of New Mexico, including Cachupin's, the appropriation of Amerindian lands by Spaniards or Nuevomexicanos was prohibited under penalty of imprisonment or fine. The mainland part of New Spain won independence from Spain in 1821 and New Mexico became part of the new nation of Mexico. The new 'Mexican' elite attempted to create a common identity out of all the classes and different ethnicities. Nationalists attempted to establish equality, if only legally, between these different groups. The Spanish settlers of New Mexico and their descendants adapted to Mexican citizenship somewhat even though there was a great deal of tension during this period--as was the case in many places in early Mexico. In 1836, after the Republic of Texas gained independence, Texas claimed part of the Province of New Mexico, which was disputed by Mexico. In 1841, the Texans sent an expedition to occupy the area, but the expedition was captured by Mexican troops. Despite this, western Spanish New Mexico was eventually annexed by Texas. The U.S. won the Mexican–American War (1846–1848) and in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848), Mexico ceded to the U.S. the northwestern Mexico (present-day southwestern USA), including most of present-day New Mexico. On June 8, 1854 the United States bought 29,670-square-mile of land from Mexico. This purchase, called Gadsden Purchase, consisted of the present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico. Since its incorporation into the US, many Hispanics, mostly Mexicans, have migrated to New Mexico to improve their social conditions and provide better education for their children. In January 1912, after decades of colonial status, New Mexico became an American state, and Anglophones eventually became the majority population but census documents indicate that Spanish and English remained about equal in usage through the 1960s. The state today still has the highest percentage of Spanish-speakers of any state. The Nuevomexicanos became an economically", "title": "Hispanics and Latinos in New Mexico" }, { "docid": "455170", "text": "Arizona Territory, colloquially referred to as Confederate Arizona, was an organized incorporated territory of the Confederate States of America that existed from August 1, 1861, to May 26, 1865, when the Confederate States Army Trans-Mississippi Department, commanded by General Edmund Kirby Smith, surrendered at Shreveport, Louisiana. However, after the Battle of Glorieta Pass, the Confederates had to retreat from the territory, and by July 1862, effective Confederate control of the territory had ended. Delegates to the secession convention had voted in March 1861 to secede from the New Mexico Territory and the Union, and seek to join the Confederacy. It consisted of the portion of the New Mexico Territory south of the 34th parallel, including parts of the modern states of New Mexico and Arizona. The capital was Mesilla, along the southern border. The breakaway region overlapped Arizona Territory, established by the Union government in February 1863. Arizona was proclaimed a Confederate territory on August 1, 1861, after Colonel John R. Baylor's victory at the Battle of Mesilla. His hold on the area was broken after Glorieta Pass (March 26–28, 1862), the defining battle of the New Mexico Campaign. In July 1862, the Confederate territorial government withdrew to El Paso, Texas. With the approach of Union troops, it relocated to San Antonio, where it remained for the duration of the civil war. The territory continued to be represented in the Confederate States Congress, and Confederate troops continued to fight under the Arizona banner until the war ended. The political geography of the two Arizona Territories differed in that the Confederate Arizona was approximately the southern half of the historic New Mexico Territory, while the Union-defined Arizona Territory was approximately the western half of what had been New Mexico Territory, which became the basis for present-day Arizona. Background Before the start of the war, the land of the current states of New Mexico and Arizona was part of the New Mexico Territory and the Gadsden Purchase, which ran parallel to William Walker's Republics of Lower California and Sonora. As early as 1856, the territorial government in Santa Fe had raised concerns about being able to effectively govern the southern part of the territory. It was separated from the rest by the Jornada del Muerto, a difficult stretch of desert. In February 1858, the New Mexico territorial legislature adopted a resolution in favor of the creation of the Arizona Territory. The border was to be defined along the 32nd meridian west from Washington. The legislature proposed that all the Indians of New Mexico would be removed to northern Arizona. In April 1860, impatient for Congress to act, the territory called a convention and 31 delegates met in Tucson. In July 1860, the convention drafted a constitution for a \"Territory of Arizona\" to be organized out of the New Mexico Territory south of 34th parallel north. The convention elected Lewis S. Owings as the Territorial Governor, and elected a delegate to Congress. Anti-slavery Representatives opposed creating a new territory, as they feared it", "title": "Confederate Arizona" }, { "docid": "30860968", "text": "The Country Club Area is a suburb of El Paso, Texas. It was the object of a lengthy border dispute between Texas and New Mexico. Origins As part of the Compromise of 1850, Texas gave up its claim to portions of present-day New Mexico, Colorado, Wyoming, Kansas and Oklahoma in exchange for $10,000,000, and New Mexico became a territory. The pertinent boundary of Texas was set in 1850 where the Rio Grande intersects the 32nd parallel. A line from that point along the 32nd parallel to the 103rd meridian defined the southern border of New Mexico. After the Gadsden Purchase in 1853, Congress passed the Act of 1854 declaring the southern boundary of the Territory of New Mexico. This basically gave all Gadsden Purchase lands to New Mexico (which then included what is now Arizona), thereby creating a 12-mile-long Rio Grande boundary between the State of Texas and New Mexico Territory. Sometime between 1850 and 1912, when New Mexico gained statehood, the Rio Grande shifted course. How much it shifted, where, and in which direction were the central issues in dispute, as both sides agreed that the Rio Grande, as it existed in 1850, was the true boundary. By 1912, the de facto western boundary of Texas was well beyond the Rio Grande in most places. Deeds for lands over a half-mile west of the Rio Grande were filed in Texas, taxes for these lands were paid in Texas, and the residents voted in Texas. The stakes of the dispute were more than trivial to these two vast states because of the value of the lands involved. As part of the Chihuahua Desert, lands in proximity to the Rio Grande were substantially more lush and fertile, and hence more valuable than similar sized tracts elsewhere in the region. In addition to productive farms, valuable homes and a country club were built in the vicinity (though not necessarily on the disputed land), hence the name of the dispute (El Paso Country Club is located at ). Resolution In 1913, New Mexico filed suit against Texas in the U.S. Supreme Court. The Court appointed a special master to make findings of fact on the disputed issues in the case. The Court heard oral arguments by both states in State of New Mexico v. State of Texas in 1927, and announced its verdict later that year. Essentially, the Court sided with Texas with respect to most facts in the case and in its final verdict. They also implied that New Mexico had no standing to dispute any changes to its borders made before it gained statehood in 1912; those boundaries were an issue between Texas and the U.S. Federal Government. Today, this remains the only major area where Texas extends beyond the Rio Grande. References External links Text of STATE OF NEW MEXICO v. STATE OF TEXAS, 275 U.S. 279 (1927) The Texas-New Mexico Boundary Dispute along the Rio Grande History of New Mexico Texas border disputes Internal territorial disputes of the United", "title": "Country Club Dispute" }, { "docid": "143163", "text": "The Gadsden Purchase ( \"La Mesilla sale\") is a region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico that the United States acquired from Mexico by the Treaty of Mesilla, which took effect on June 8, 1854. The purchase included lands south of the Gila River and west of the Rio Grande where the U.S. wanted to build a transcontinental railroad along a deep southern route, which the Southern Pacific Railroad later completed in 1881–1883. The purchase also aimed to resolve other border issues. The first draft was signed on December 30, 1853, by James Gadsden, U.S. minister to Mexico, and by Antonio López de Santa Anna, president of Mexico. The U.S. Senate voted in favor of ratifying it with amendments on April 25, 1854, and then sent it to President Franklin Pierce. Mexico's government and its General Congress or Congress of the Union took final approval action on June 8, 1854, when the treaty took effect. The purchase was the last substantial territorial acquisition in the contiguous United States, and defined the Mexico–United States border. The Arizona cities of Tucson, Yuma and Tombstone are on territory acquired by the U.S. in the Gadsden Purchase. The financially strapped government of Santa Anna agreed to the sale, which netted Mexico $10 million (equivalent to $ in ). After the devastating loss of Mexican territory to the U.S. in the Mexican–American War (1846–48) and the continued unauthorized military expeditions in the zone led by New Mexico territorial governor and noted filibuster William Carr Lane, some historians argue that Santa Anna may have calculated it was better to yield territory by treaty and receive payment rather than have the territory simply seized by the United States. Desire for a southern transcontinental rail line As the railroad age evolved, business-oriented Southerners saw that a railroad linking the South with the Pacific Coast would expand trade opportunities. They thought the topography of the southern portion of the original boundary line was too mountainous to allow a direct route. Projected southern railroad routes tended to veer to the north as they proceeded eastward, which would favor connections with northern railroads and ultimately favor northern seaports. Southerners saw that to avoid the mountains, a route with a southeastern terminus might need to swing south into what was still Mexican territory. The administration of President Pierce, strongly influenced by Secretary of War Jefferson Davis, a Southerner from Mississippi, saw an opportunity to acquire land for the railroad, as well as to acquire significant other territory from northern Mexico. In those years, the debate over slavery in the United States entered into many other debates, as the acquisition of new territory opened the question of whether it would be slave or free territory; in this case, the debate over slavery ended progress on construction of a southern transcontinental rail line until the early 1880s, although the preferred land became part of the nation and was used as intended after the Civil War. Southern route for the transcontinental railroad Southern", "title": "Gadsden Purchase" }, { "docid": "6742350", "text": "The New Mexico Territory, comprising what are today the U.S. states of New Mexico and Arizona, as well as the southern portion of Nevada, played a small but significant role in the trans-Mississippi theater of the American Civil War. Despite its remoteness from the major battlefields of the east, and its being part of the sparsely populated and largely undeveloped American frontier, both Confederate and Union governments claimed ownership over the territory, and several important battles and military operations took place in the region. Roughly 7,000-8,000 troops from the New Mexico Territory served the Union, more than any other western state or territory. In 1861, the Confederacy claimed the southern half of the vast New Mexico Territory as its own Arizona Territory and waged the ambitious New Mexico Campaign in an attempt to control the American Southwest and open up access to Union-held California. Confederate power in the New Mexico Territory was effectively broken when the campaign culminated in the Union victory at the Battle of Glorieta Pass in 1862. Although the Confederacy never attempted another invasion of the region, its territorial government continued to operate out of Texas, with Confederate troops marching under the Arizona flag until the end of the war. Prelude to war The New Mexico Territory was organized as a U.S. territory in 1850, and for many years its precise boundaries and internal administration remained undefined. In 1853, the territory was expanded south of the Gila River in the Gadsden Purchase. Proposals for a division of the territory and the organization of a separate Territory of Arizona were advanced as early as 1856. The first proposals for a separate Arizona Territory were not based on the modern east–west division but rather a north–south division. These proposals arose from concerns about the effectiveness of the territorial government in Santa Fe to administer the newly acquired southern portions of the territory. The first proposal dates to a conference held in Tucson that convened on August 29, 1856. The conference issued a petition requesting organization of the territory and signed by 256 people to the U.S. Congress, and elected Nathan P. Cooke as the territorial delegate to Congress. In January 1857, a bill for the organization of the territory was introduced into the United States House of Representatives, but the proposal was defeated on the grounds that the population of the proposed territory was yet too small. Later, a similar proposal was defeated in the Senate. The proposal for creation of the territory was controversial in part because of the perception that the New Mexico Territory was under the influence of southern sympathizers who sought to expand slavery into the Southwest. In February 1858, the New Mexico territorial legislature adopted a resolution in favor of the creation of the Arizona Territory, but with a north–south border along the 109th meridian, with the additional stipulation that all the Indians of New Mexico would be removed to northern Arizona. In April 1860, impatient for Congress to act, a convention of thirty-one", "title": "New Mexico Territory in the American Civil War" }, { "docid": "125877", "text": "Mesilla (also known as La Mesilla and Old Mesilla) is a town in Doña Ana County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 2,196 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Las Cruces Metropolitan Statistical Area. During the Civil War, Mesilla briefly served as capital of the Confederate Territory of Arizona. The Mesilla Plaza is a National Historic Landmark. History The village of Mesilla was incorporated in 1848, after the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo moved the U.S.–Mexico border south of the village of Doña Ana, placing it in the United States. A small group of citizens, unhappy at being part of the United States, decided to move south of the border. They settled in Mesilla at this time. By 1850, Mesilla was an established colony. By this time, its people were under constant threat of attack from the Apache. By 1851, the attacks caused the United States to take action to protect its people just to the north of the border, in the Mesilla Valley. They did this by creating Fort Fillmore. As a result of the fort, the United States declared the Mesilla Valley region part of the United States. Mexico also claimed this strip of land, causing it to become known as \"No Mans Land\". This boundary dispute, which was officially caused by a map error, was resolved in 1853 with the Gadsden Purchase. Mesilla became a part of the United States, as well as the southern part of New Mexico and Arizona. Two battles were fought at or in the town during the Civil War. Mesilla served as the capital of the Confederate Territory of Arizona in 1861–1862 and was known as the \"hub\", or main city for the entire region. Recaptured by the Volunteers of the California Column, it then became the headquarters of the Military District of Arizona until 1864. During the \"Wild West\" era, Mesilla was known for its cantinas and festivals. The area attracted such figures as Billy the Kid, Pat Garrett and Pancho Villa. The village was also the crossroads of two major stagecoach, mail, and trade routes: the Butterfield Stagecoach and the Camino Real de Tierra Adentro. The village of Mesilla was the most important city of the region until 1881. In 1881, the Santa Fe Railway was ready to build through the Gadsden Purchase region of the country. Mesilla was naturally seen as the city the railroad would run through. However, the people of Mesilla asked for too much money for the land rights, and a landowner in nearby Las Cruces, a much smaller village than Mesilla, stepped in and offered free land. The city of Mesilla has not grown much since, and Las Cruces has grown to a population of an estimated 101,000 people (2014) and is currently the second largest city in New Mexico. La Mesilla Historic District, which includes Mesilla Plaza, was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1961. The Fountain Theatre, except for 12 years, has been in operation since the early 1900s. In", "title": "Mesilla, New Mexico" }, { "docid": "61984504", "text": "This is a list which includes a photographic gallery, of some of the structures of historic significance in Nogales, Arizona. Nogales is a city in Santa Cruz County, Arizona which lies on the border of Mexico and is separated from the town of Nogales, Sonora in Mexico by a 20-foot-high row of steel beams, also known simply as the \"Wall\". Nicknamed the \"Gateway to Mexico\" the two cities share a rich history that dates back thousands of years ago when ancient native people's trade routes went through the combined area. Brief history The area where Nogales is located was inhabited by the Anasazi, an early Native-American tribe. The waters provided by the Santa Cruz River, Sonoita Creek and Harshaw Creek were ideal for fishing. The land was also ideal for agriculture and ranching. Ruins of the ancient settlements and petroglyphs of the Anasazi have been found by archaeologists. The region was later inhabited by the Hohokam, Apache and Yaqui tribes who built their communities along the river and creeks. In 1539, Spanish explorer Fray Marcos de Niza entered the area near Lochiel on the Mexican border. He continued on his journey to Zuni Pueblo, New Mexico also known as the Seven Cities of Cibola. Marcos de Niza is credited with being the first European in what is now the State of Arizona. The prehistoric migratory route used by the ancient Indians was later named \"El Camino Real\" which is Spanish for \"The King's Highway\". The main Native-American tribes in the area at that time were the Sobaipuri and Papago tribes. In 1692, Father Eusebio Francisco Kino came to the area as a missionary. His main objective was to convert the natives to Catholicism. The area became part of his \"La Mission en Guevavi\". For the next two decades, he traveled through Southern Arizona spreading the Catholic faith and teaching the native people how to farm. Groves of walnut trees at one time covered the mountain pass that bridged the areas where the present-day Nogales, Arizona and Nogales, Sonora, Mexico are located. The name of Nogales means \"black walnut\" in Spanish. The mission period was ended in 1768 by a decree of Charles III of Spain. In 1821, the Mexican War of Independence between Mexico and Spain came to an end and the territory of New Spain, which included Arizona, was ceded to Mexico. American settlers In 1854, the United States purchased the region from Mexico in what is known as the Gadsden Purchase. Anglo-Americans of European descent from the East Coast of the United States began to arrive in the area. The vast Spanish land grants that had been established were broken up as settlers from the east moved west to homestead and ranch. The new settlers were protected from the constant attacks of the Apaches by the United States Military. However, The majority of the troops were withdrawn from the area upon the outbreak of the American Civil War. Fort Buchanan, which was actually a small garrison established in", "title": "List of historic properties in Nogales, Arizona" }, { "docid": "44329177", "text": "Arizona City or Arizona is the name of the original settlement at the Yuma Crossing, in what is now Yuma, Arizona, United States. From 1853 a small settlement, Arizona City, grew up on the high ground across from Fort Yuma, first as the adobe residence of Mrs. Bowman the fort's mess cook. This was purchased for use as a store the next year by George F. Hooper. On the mail route with the arrival of the San Antonio-San Diego Mail Line in 1857, and the Butterfield Overland Mail in 1858, the town received its post office of Arizona with its first postmaster John Blake Dow March 17, 1858. At that time it consisted of adobe dwellings, two stores and two saloons. Originally part of Doña Ana County, New Mexico Territory, on February 1, 1860, Arizona City became part of Arizona County, New Mexico Territory. Arizona County comprised all the land of the Gadsden Purchase west of a line close to the current New Mexico – Arizona border, with its seat at Tubac, later Tucson from July 8, 1861. Arizona City was damaged and downriver rivals Colorado City and Jaeger City were destroyed by the Great Flood of 1862. Colorado City was rebuilt on higher ground and became part of Arizona City. Jaeger City was abandoned, its remaining inhabitants and the ferry moved upriver to become part of Arizona City. With the end of the Butterfield route through New Mexico Territory in March 1861, and Apache hostilities, mail ceased to be delivered except by military courier and the Arizona post office was discontinued June 8, 1863. Its second and last postmaster from July 7, 1858, Landsford Warren Hastings, later in the American Civil War proposed a plan (never carried out) for the Confederacy to recapture Arizona as part of a campaign to cause a rising of Southerners in California to take California from the Union. Hastings, after the Civil War, attempted to colonize Brazil with former Confederates. The town post office was restored with the return of mail service on October 1, 1866, but with the name of Yuma. On October 28, 1869, it was renamed Arizona City. By 1870, the population of Arizona City had risen to 1,144. In 1871, it became the county seat of Yuma County, replacing La Paz. Finally both the post office and city took the name Yuma on April 14, 1873. Demographics Arizona City first appeared on the 1860 U.S. Census in what was then Arizona County, New Mexico Territory (which encompassed virtually the entirety of the soon-to-be new Arizona Territory). It was erroneously reported as the village of \"Arizonia\" and featured 130 residents. The cumulative total erroneously showed 128 White residents, 1 Black resident and 1 Native American resident. The transcribed rolls noted 127 Whites and one Asian, a 26-year old Chinese cook named William T. Ching, accidentally counted as White. At the time, it was the 5th largest White settlement (and 16th overall, including native villages) in Arizona County (tied with Fort Mojave).", "title": "Arizona City (Yuma, Arizona)" }, { "docid": "41706179", "text": "Hispanic and Latino Arizonans are residents of the state of Arizona who are of Hispanic or Latino ancestry. As of the 2010 U.S. Census, Hispanics and Latinos of any race were 30% of the state's population. History After the Marcos de Niza expedition in south-eastern Arizona in 1539, Coronado also explored several regions of the present state in 1540–1542, while searching for Cíbola. In 1604, Juan de Oñate travelled to the Colorado River from New Mexico. The Oñate expedition traveled by way of Zuñi and Hopi territories, and the Bill Williams River to the Colorado River. Arizona was incorporated into New Spain. Northern Arizona belonged to Las Californias, the Southwest belonged to Sonora, particularly Pimería Alta, and the southeast belonged to Santa Fe de Nuevo Mexico. However, only a small settler community formed in Arizona. Father Kino's expedition to Arizona established a mission in Tumacacori, located in modern-day Santa Cruz County, Arizona, in 1687. Ten Spaniards members of the expeditionary team settled in the region, although the mission did not prosper. However, this was the first place to have Hispanic occupation in present-day Arizona. The next Hispanic settlements were at San Xavier del Bac and Guevavi. A total of 100 Spanish people may have settled in both areas combined. In 1736 silver mines were discovered in the region, prompting the arrival of possibly 100 traders and miners. However, in 1741, the Viceroy of New Spain prohibited the exploitation of the silver mines, which were being depleted. In 1750, the population may have grown to 1,000 people. The settler community in Arizona dwindled in 1751 because of the problems it faced: Arizona's main economic source, the silver mines, ran out, so settlers lost interest in the territory. In addition, the Pima people frequently attacked the Spanish communities, causing riots and murders (100 settlers were murdered), as well as many other problems – they burned the settlers' land, poisoned the wells, etc. All this made life in Arizona untenable for the settlers, so most of them left Arizona. So only a small settler community remained in Arizona, including the farmer José Romo de Vivar. In 1752 Tubac was founded by 300 Spanish (mostly soldiers). In 1779 a garrison was established at Tubac. The garrison was occupied by 80 soldiers and possibly their families. In that year the Arizona population grew to 1,120 people, although from 1779 to 1821 the population remained at zero growth. After the New Spain independence from Spain in 1821, Southern Arizona was incorporated into the Mexican state of Sonora in 1822, although the Hispanic population remained small. Sonora became in the Estado de Occidente in 1824. Arizona was thinly colonized by Mexico in the 1840s, with little protection from much larger Amerindian population. The U.S. won the Mexican–American War (1846–1848) and Mexico ceded to the U.S. the northern 70% of modern-day Arizona through the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848). On June 8, 1854 the United States bought 29,670-square-mile of land from Mexico. This purchase, called Gadsden Purchase, consisted", "title": "Hispanics and Latinos in Arizona" }, { "docid": "17918208", "text": "Mesilla Plaza is the central plaza in the small town of Mesilla in far southern New Mexico. The plaza and a number of its surrounding buildings are a National Historic Landmark District, significant for its role in the transfers of power that brought first the original New Mexico Territory and later the Gadsden Purchase into United States control. The most notable building facing the plaza is the Basilica of San Albino, which has been on the plaza since its establishment in 1851. The plaza was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1961. Description and history The town of Mesilla was created by a Mexican government decree in 1848, as a place to receive Mexican citizens who sought to remain on Mexican soil after the cession of the northern parts of present-day New Mexico were ceded to the United States in the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which ended the Mexican–American War. Just five years later, the Gadsden Purchase agreement result in the United States purchase of the southern strips of present-day New Mexico and Arizona, an area that includes Mesilla. The Mesilla Plaza was the site of an official flag-raising ceremony on November 18, 1854, confirming United States sovereignty over the area. The town continued to hold a prominent economic role in territorial affairs, serving as a stop on the Butterfield Overland Mail route, and other stagecoach routes. It served as a military center during the American Civil War, at different times for both Union and Confederate forces in the Arizona Territory. Mesilla Plaza was the site of one of the bloodiest political riots in New Mexico history. On August 27, 1871, Democrats held a large political rally in the plaza for their candidate for territorial delegate to the United States Congress. Republicans were also holding a rally at a nearby home for their candidate. The Republicans moved from the house to the plaza to disrupt the Democrats' rally. The two groups confronted each other yelling and shoving. One man was struck with an axe handle and then shooting started. Soldiers from nearby Fort Selden stationed in the town to stop any violence had left earlier when it appeared the rallies were peaceful. A messenger caught up with the soldiers and they returned to Mesilla. By then, most of the violence was over. Nine people were killed, and an estimated fifty people were injured. The plaza today is still ringed by many buildings harkening back to its early days. The plaza itself, originally an open dirt area, is now lined by brick sidewalks and is grassy, and sports a bandstand built in the 1970s. The most prominent structure is the Basilica of San Albino, built in 1906 on the site of the original 1852 church. Buildings on the east and west sides include Territorial style buildings from the 1850s, among them the original Butterfield State ticket office and waiting room. Some buildings were originally built as residences, but have since been readapted for commercial use, while some were originally built", "title": "Mesilla Plaza" }, { "docid": "454186", "text": "The Territory of Arizona, commonly known as the Arizona Territory, was a territory of the United States that existed from February 24, 1863, until February 14, 1912, when the remaining extent of the territory was admitted to the Union as the state of Arizona. It was created from the western half of the New Mexico Territory during the American Civil War. History Following the expansion of the New Mexico Territory in 1853, as a result of the Gadsden Purchase, several proposals for a division of the territory and the organization of a separate Territory of Arizona in the southern half of the territory were advanced as early as 1856. These proposals arose from concerns about the ability of the territorial government in Santa Fe to effectively administer the newly acquired southern portions of the territory. The first proposal dates from a conference held in Tucson that convened on August 29, 1856. The conference issued a petition to the U.S. Congress, signed by 256 people, requesting organization of the territory and elected Nathan P. Cook as the territorial delegate to Congress. In January 1857, the bill for the organization of the territory was introduced into the House of Representatives, but the proposal was defeated on the grounds that the population of the proposed territory was as yet too small. Later, a similar proposal was defeated in the Senate. The proposal for creation of the territory was controversial in part because of the perception that the New Mexico Territory was under the influence of southern sympathizers who were highly desirous of expanding slavery into the southwest. In February 1858, the New Mexico territorial legislature adopted a resolution in favor of the creation of the Arizona territory, but with a north–south border along the 109th meridian, with the additional stipulation that all the Indians of New Mexico would be removed to northern Arizona. In April 1860, impatient for Congress to act, a convention of 31 delegates met in Tucson and adopted a constitution for a provisional territorial government of the area south of 34°N. The delegates elected Dr. Lewis S. Owings as provisional governor. American Civil War At the outbreak of the Civil War, sentiment in the territory was in favor of the Confederacy. Territorial secession conventions called at Mesilla and Tucson in March 1861 adopted an ordinance of secession, established a provisional Arizona Territory with Owings as its governor, and petitioned the Confederate Congress for admission. The Confederacy regarded the territory as a valuable route for possible access to the Pacific Ocean, with the specific intention of capturing California. In July 1861, a small Confederate force of Texans under the command of Lieutenant Colonel John R. Baylor assaulted Fort Fillmore at Mesilla in the eastern part of the territory. After the fort was abandoned by the Union garrison, Baylor's force cut off the fleeing Union troops and forced them to surrender. On August 1, 1861, Baylor issued a \"Proclamation to the People of the Territory of Arizona\", taking possession of the territory", "title": "Arizona Territory" }, { "docid": "56852778", "text": "This is a list of historic properties in Yuma, Arizona, which includes a photographic gallery of some of the remaining historic structures and monuments. Yuma is the county seat of Yuma County, Arizona, United States. It is located in the southwestern corner of the state. Yuma is the site of one of the few National Historic Landmarks in the Southwest. Included in this list are photographs of some of the structures within the Yuma Downtown Historic District, the Yuma Quartermaster Depot, which today is a state historic park and the Yuma Territorial Prison a Yuma landmark. Brief history The area where the city of Yuma is located was once occupied by the Yuma tribe, also known as the Quechan. Hernando de Alarcón and Melchior Diaz were Spanish Conquistadors who in 1540 visited the area during the Spanish colonial expeditions. They believed that the narrow crossing of the Colorado River would be ideal for the establishment of a city. At first the relations between the Yuman and the Spaniards was cordial, however the relation between the two became hostile and the Yuman were forced to submit to the rule of the Spanish government and most were enslaved. In 1853, Yuma ceased to be part of Mexico and became a United States Territory (New Mexico Territory) as a result of Gadsden Purchase. The United States established Fort Yuma and an influx of settlers and farmers of European descent invaded the area. The Yuma Crossing was ideal during and after the California Gold Rush to the late 1870s. It was known for its ferry crossings for the Southern Emigrant Trail. The Yuma tribe fiercely resisted the invasion of their homelands and fought against the US in the Yuma War (1850–1853). They were defeated and were forced to move to Indian Reservations such as the one in western Yuma County in what eventually become the State of Arizona. In 1853, Arizona City, a small settlement was established on the high grounds across Fort Yuma. The settlement continued to grow and the government established the Yuma Quartermaster Depot. From 1864, the Yuma Quartermaster Depot, today a state historic park, supplied all forts in present-day Arizona, as well as large parts of Colorado and New Mexico. After Arizona became a separate territory, Yuma became the county seat for Yuma County in 1871, replacing La Paz County, the first seat. Arizona City was renamed Yuma in 1873. Yuma County Historical Society The mission of the Yuma County Historical Society is to preserve the structures of historic significance in the city and county of Yuma. To this end the society has teamed up with the Arizona Historical Society. They collaborated in restoration of the E. F. Sanguinetti (1867–1945) House located at 240 S. Madison Ave. It serves as the home to the Arizona Historical Society museum. Among the plans of the society is the restoration of the historic adobe Molina Block, Yuma's first commercial building. The Historic Preservation and Architectural Design Staff works with the Design and Historic", "title": "List of historic properties in Yuma, Arizona" }, { "docid": "2366732", "text": "The history of Arizona encompasses the Paleo-Indian, Archaic, Post-Archaic, Spanish, Mexican, and American periods. About 10,000 to 12,000 years ago, Paleo-Indians settled in what is now Arizona. A few thousand years ago, the Ancestral Puebloan, the Hohokam, the Mogollon and the Sinagua cultures inhabited the state. However, all of these civilizations mysteriously disappeared from the region in the 15th and 16th centuries. Today, countless ancient ruins can be found in Arizona. Arizona was part of the state of Sonora, Mexico from 1822, but the settled population was small. In 1848, under the terms of the Mexican Cession the United States took possession of Arizona above the Gila River after the Mexican War, and became part of the Territory of New Mexico. By means of the Gadsden Purchase, the United States secured the northern part of the state of Sonora, which is now Arizona south of the Gila River in 1854. In 1863, Arizona was split off from the Territory of New Mexico to form the Arizona Territory. The remoteness of the region was eased by the arrival of railroads in 1880. Arizona became a state in 1912 but was primarily rural with an economy based on cattle, cotton, citrus, and copper. Dramatic growth came after 1945, as retirees and young families who appreciated the warm weather and low costs emigrated from the Northeast and Midwest. In the Mexican–American War, the garrison commander avoided conflict with Lieutenant Colonel Cooke and the Mormon Battalion, withdrawing while the Americans marched through the town on their way to California. In the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848), Mexico ceded to the U.S. the northern 70% of modern-day Arizona above the Sonora border along the Gila River. During the California Gold Rush, an upwards of 50,000 people traveled through on the Southern Emigrant Trail pioneered by Cooke, to reach the gold fields in 1849. The Pima Villages often sold fresh food and provided relief to distressed travelers among this throng and to others in subsequent years. Paleo-Indian period Paleo-Indians settled what is now Arizona around 10,000 to 12,000 years ago. According to most archaeologists, the Paleo-Indians initially followed herds of big game—megafauna such as mammoths, mastodons, and bison—into North America. The traveling groups also collected and utilized a wide variety of smaller game animals, fish, and a wide variety of plants. These people were likely characterized by highly mobile bands of approximately 20 or 50 members of an extended family, moving from place to place as resources were depleted and additional supplies needed. Paleoindian groups were efficient hunters and created and carried a variety of tools, some highly specialized, for hunting, butchering and hide processing. These paleolithic people utilized the environment that they lived in near water sources, including rivers, swamps and marshes, which had an abundance of fish, and drew birds and game animals. Big game, including bison, mammoths and ground sloths, also were attracted to these water sources. At the latest by 9500 BCE, bands of hunters wandered as far south as Arizona, where", "title": "History of Arizona" }, { "docid": "106627", "text": "Duncan is a town in Greenlee County, Arizona, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population of the town was 696. In 2018 the estimated population was 789. Duncan is in the Gila River valley, west of the Arizona–New Mexico border. The town limits are on both sides of the Gila River, but the primary portion of the town and the entire downtown area lies on the south side of the river. Duncan was founded in the mid-19th century, and the land was added to the United States as a part of the Mexican Cession, and the Gadsden Purchase. The town of Duncan has been destroyed twice by flood and once by fire. The town and unincorporated county surrounding the town are primarily populated by farming, ranching, and mining families. (Freeport-McMoRan Inc., Morenci & Safford copper mines in southeastern Arizona and Chino & Tyrone in southwestern New Mexico). Surrounding smaller unincorporated settlements such as Franklin and York in Arizona, and the Village of Virden, New Mexico, all use Duncan public schools. The areas along the Gila River are renowned for Native American artifacts such as arrowheads, pottery, burial sites, cave paintings, and other remnants of the Anasazi and other pre-historic cultures that inhabited the area until overpopulation and severe droughts between 1000 and 1290 C.E. caused them to vanish, (a remnant of the Chiricahua Band of Apache Indians remained in the upper Gila River Valley as late as the 1930s) as well as artifacts from garrison camps of the expedition of Francisco Vázquez de Coronado. Duncan High School (mascot: Wildkat; school colors: red, grey, and white) competes in many sports, Fall- Mens \"8 Man\" Football AIA Div 1, Ladies VolleyBall, M/W Cross-country; Winter - M/W Basketball; Spring - Mens Baseball, Womens Softball, M/W Tennis, M/W Golf, M/W Track & Field. U.S. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor was born in El Paso, Texas, but grew up near Duncan on the Lazy B ranch, which straddles the border between Arizona and New Mexico. The Day family ran the ranch for many years until selling it; it continues to be run as a ranch. O'Connor later wrote a book titled Lazy B: Growing up on a Cattle Ranch in the American Southwest about her childhood experiences on the ranch with her brother H. Alan Day. Geography Duncan is located in southern Greenlee County at (32.725828, -109.097686). U.S. Route 70 passes through downtown, leading west to Safford, Arizona, and southeast to Lordsburg, New Mexico, and Interstate 10. Arizona State Route 75 leads north from Duncan to Clifton. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town of Duncan has a total area of , all of it land. Climate Duncan has a semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSk) with huge diurnal temperature ranges year-round except during periods of thundery monsoon weather. In April the average diurnal range is as high as and it is only less than in the often stormy months of July and August when over a third of the", "title": "Duncan, Arizona" }, { "docid": "106767", "text": "; ; English: or ) is a city in and the county seat of Santa Cruz County, Arizona. The population was 20,837 at the 2010 census and estimated 20,103 in 2019. Nogales forms part of the larger Tucson–Nogales combined statistical area, with a total population of 1,027,683 as of the 2010 Census. Nogales forms Arizona's largest transborder agglomeration with its adjacent, much larger twin Nogales, Sonora, across the Mexican border. The southern terminus of Interstate 19 is located in Nogales at the U.S.–Mexico border; the highway continues south into Mexico as Mexico Federal Highway 15. The highways meeting in Nogales are a major road intersection in the CANAMEX Corridor, connecting Canada, the United States, and Mexico. Nogales also is the beginning of the Arizona Sun Corridor, an economically important trade region stretching from Nogales to Prescott, including the Tucson and Phoenix metropolitan areas. Nogales is home to four international ports of entry, including the Morley Pedestrian Port of Entry, Dennis Deconcini Pedestrian and Passenger Vehicle Port of Entry, Nogales International Airport, and the Mariposa Port of Entry. The Nogales-Mariposa Port of Entry has twelve passenger vehicle inspection lanes and eight commercial inspection lanes. Due to its location on the border and its major ports of entry, Nogales funnels an estimated $30 billion worth of international trade into Arizona and the United States, per year, in fresh produce and manufactured goods from Mexico and the world through the deep sea port in Guaymas, Sonora, Mexico. This trade helps to support tens of thousands of jobs and the overall economies in Ambos Nogales and throughout the American state of Arizona and the Mexican state of Sonora. The town is named for the black walnut trees which once grew abundantly in the mountain pass between the cities of Nogales, Arizona, and Nogales, Sonora, and can still be found around the town. History The name Nogales is derived from the Spanish word for 'walnut' or 'walnut tree'. It refers to the large stands of walnut trees that once stood in the mountain pass where Nogales is located. Nogales was at the beginning of the 1775–1776 Juan Bautista de Anza Expedition as it entered the present-day U.S. from New Spain, and the town is now on the Juan Bautista de Anza National Historic Trail. On the second floor of the 1904 Nogales Courthouse is a small room dedicated to the 1775–1776 Anza Expedition. In 1841, a land grant from the Mexican government to the Elías family established Los Nogales de Elías. Following the Gadsden Purchase in 1853, Nogales became a part of the United States of America. In 1880, Russian-Jewish immigrants Isaac and Jacob Isaacson homesteaded the trading post of Isaacson, Arizona, at present-day Nogales. The U.S. Postal Service opened the Isaacson post office but renamed it as Nogales in 1883. In 1915, according to historian David Leighton, Sonora Gov. Jose M. Maytorena ordered the construction of an 11-wire fence, separating Nogales, Sonora from Nogales, Arizona, but it was taken down four months later. On", "title": "Nogales, Arizona" }, { "docid": "31595101", "text": "Cochise County in southeastern Arizona was the scene of a number of violent conflicts in the 19th-century and early 20th-century American Old West, including between white settlers and Apache Indians, between opposing political and economic factions, and between outlaw gangs and local law enforcement. Cochise County was carved off in 1881 from the easternmost portion of Pima County during a formative period in the American Southwest. The era was characterized by rapidly growing boomtowns, the emergence of large-scale farming and ranching interests, lucrative mining operations, and the development of new technologies in railroading and telecommunications. Complicating the situation was staunch resistance to white settlement from local Native American groups, most notably during the Apache Wars, as well as Cochise County's location on the border with Mexico, which not only threatened international conflict but also presented opportunities for criminal smugglers and cattle rustlers. Factional hostilities emerged as soon as American settlers began arriving in southern Arizona in large numbers in the 1860s and 1870s. The Gadsden Purchase of 1853 had opened the territory to Americans, and the sudden growth of settlement and investment proved a source of great enmity between local Apaches and the American newcomers. Pima County and later Cochise County were the primary battleground for most of the resulting quarter-century of warfare, which was almost constant in the region until the late 1880s. In addition to the Native American conflicts, there was also considerable tension between rural residents of Cochise County, who were for the most part Democrats from the agrarian Confederate States, and more urban residents living within the region's few developed towns, who were largely Republican business owners from the industrial Union States. The division created polarizing sectional alliances and culminated in countless local feuds, the most well-known of which has been called the Cochise County feud or the Earp–Clanton feud, which included the historic Gunfight at the O.K. Corral in the town of Tombstone and Wyatt Earp's Vendetta Ride in the early 1880s. Dr. George E. Goodfellow famously described Tombstone, the capital of Cochise County, as the \"condensation of wickedness.\" Formation of Cochise County The land that now comprises Cochise County, along with the rest of modern Arizona south of the Gila River and a small part of southwestern New Mexico, was Mexican territory until 1853, when it was purchased by the United States in the Gadsden Purchase. Cochise County was created on February 1, 1881 from the eastern portion of Pima County. It was named after the legendary Chiricahua Apache war chief Cochise, who was a pivotal figure in the Apache Wars before his death in 1874. The county seat was Tombstone until 1929, when it moved to Bisbee. Cochise County is almost a perfect square in the southeasternmost corner of the state: . It covers a land area of –1.5 times the size of the state of Connecticut–and shares an border with the Mexican state of Sonora. The county also includes of the San Pedro River watershed. Most of Cochise County is dominated by", "title": "Cochise County in the Old West" }, { "docid": "2267531", "text": "The International Boundary and Water Commission () is an international body created by the United States and Mexico in 1889 to apply the rules for determining the location of their international boundary when meandering rivers transferred tracts of land from one bank to the other, as established under the Convention of November 12, 1884. The organization was created as the International Boundary Commission by the Convention of 1889 between the United States and Mexico. It was given its present name under the 1944 \"Treaty relating to the Utilization of Waters of the Colorado and Tijuana Rivers and of the Rio Grande\". Under these agreements, the IBWC has a U.S. section and a Mexican section, headquartered in the adjoining cities of El Paso, Texas, and Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua. The U.S. section is administered by the Department of State, and the Mexican part by the Secretariat of Foreign Relations. Administration Some of the rights and obligations administered by the IBWC include: Distribution between the two countries of the waters of the Rio Grande and of the Colorado River Regulation and conservation of the waters of the Rio Grande for their use by the two countries by joint construction, operation, and maintenance of international storage dams and reservoirs and plants for generating hydroelectric energy at the dams Protection of lands along the river from floods by levee and floodway projects Solution of border sanitation and other border water quality problems Preservation of the Rio Grande and Colorado River as the international boundary Demarcation of the land boundary The U.S. and Mexican commissioners meet at least weekly, alternating the place of meetings, and are in almost daily contact with one another. Each section maintains its own engineering staff, a secretary, and such legal advisers and other assistants as it deems necessary. The border and water treaties The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo of 2 February 1848 fixed the international boundary between El Paso–Ciudad Juárez and the Gulf of Mexico. The Gadsden Purchase Treaty of 30 December 1853 extended the southern boundary of New Mexico and Arizona southwards to enable the United States to construct a railroad to the west coast along a southern route and to resolve a question arising from the 1848 Treaty as to the location of the southern boundary of New Mexico. Temporary commissions were formed by these boundary treaties to perform the first joint mission of the governments of the United States and Mexico, which was to survey and demarcate the boundary on the ground in accordance with the treaties. Another temporary commission was created by the 1852 Boundary Convention (29 July), which surveyed and increased the number of monuments marking the land boundary westward from El Paso and Ciudad Juárez. As settlements sprang up along the boundary rivers and the adjoining lands began to be developed for agriculture in the late 19th century, questions arose as to the location of the boundary when the rivers changed their course and transferred tracts of land from one side of the river to", "title": "International Boundary and Water Commission" }, { "docid": "25590071", "text": "The history of Tucson, Arizona began thousands of years ago. Paleo-Indians practiced plant husbandry and hunted game in the Santa Cruz River Valley from . Archaic peoples began making irrigation canals, some of the first in North America, around . The Hohokam people lived in the Tucson area from around in a complex agricultural society. Jesuit missionary Eusebio Francisco Kino founded the Mission San Xavier del Bac in 1700. Through the 1700s, Spanish missionaries tried to get the Native Americans to convert to Catholicism and a Spanish lifestyle. The Spanish built a fort at Tubac in 1751. It was moved to Tucson in 1775 where Hugo O'Conor, an Irishman working for the Spanish crown, officially founded Presidio San Augustin del Tucson. The Spanish stayed in the area, fighting down repeated attacks on the fort by Apache warriors. In 1821, Tucson became part of the new state of Sonora in Mexico, who had won independence from Spain. In 1854, Tucson, along with much of the surrounding area, was purchased from Mexico by the United States in the Gadsden Purchase and was made part of the New Mexico Territory. President Lincoln created the Arizona Territory in 1863, and Tucson was named capitol from 1867 to 1877. On February 14, 1912, Arizona became the 48th state in the United States. Native Americans Tucson was probably first visited by Paleo-Indians, known to have been in southern Arizona about 12,000 years ago. Recent archaeological excavations near the Santa Cruz River have located a village site dating from . The floodplain of the Santa Cruz River was extensively farmed during the Early Agricultural Period, circa to . These people constructed irrigation canals and grew corn, beans, and other crops while gathering wild plants and hunting. The Early Ceramic period occupation of Tucson saw the first extensive use of pottery vessels for cooking and storage. The groups designated as the Hohokam lived in the area from and are known for their vast irrigation canal systems and their red-on-brown pottery. Jesuit missionary Eusebio Francisco Kino visited the Santa Cruz River valley in 1692, and founded the Mission San Xavier del Bac in 1700 about 7 mi (11 km) upstream from the site of the settlement of Tucson. A separate Convento settlement was founded downstream along the Santa Cruz River, near the base of what is now \"A\" mountain. Hugo O'Conor, the founding father of the city of Tucson, Arizona authorized the construction of a military fort in that location, Presidio San Agustín del Tucsón, on August 20, 1775 (near the present downtown Pima County Courthouse). During the Spanish period of the presidio, attacks such as the Second Battle of Tucson were repeatedly mounted by Apaches. Eventually the town came to be called \"Tucson\" and became a part of the state of Sonora after Mexico gained independence from the Kingdom of Spain and its Spanish Empire in 1821. Mexican period In 1821 Mexico gained independence from Spain. The Mexican Occidente state borders extended further north to include the town", "title": "History of Tucson, Arizona" }, { "docid": "28627379", "text": "The New Mexico bootheel is a salient (protrusion) which comprises the southwestern corner of New Mexico. As part of the Gadsden Purchase it is bounded on the east by the Mexican state of Chihuahua along a line at extending south to latitude 31°20′0″N at . The southern border is shared between the Mexican states of Chihuahua and Sonora along latitude 31°20′0″N, while the western border with Arizona is along meridian 109°03′0″W at , bounding an area of and comprising . It is characterized by basin and range topography with three north south trending mountain ranges, the Peloncillo Mountains, the Animas Mountains, and the Big Hatchet Mountains, separated by four valleys, the San Simon, Animas, Playas, and Hachita valleys. A single road traverses just north of the bootheel, New Mexico State Road 9, while New Mexico State Road 80 (former US-80) skirts the western edge running south through the San Simon Valley. The other two roads in the bootheel are State Road 338 running down Animas Valley and State Road 81 running from Hachita to Antelope Wells, a border crossing. The bootheel is a sparsely populated (less than 1 person per square mile or 2.6 km2) region known primarily as a cattle-ranching area, with the best-known ranch being the Diamond A Ranch in the Animas Valley, although mining also played a part in the development of the bootheel with the abandoned mining town of old Hachita. Land ownership is divided between publicly owned state and federal lands covering much of the mountain ranges and private lands in the valleys. The only settlement is Antelope Wells, while the towns of Rodeo, Animas, and Hachita lie just to the northwest, north, and northeast respectively. The former Phelps Dodge mining town of Playas is now a training facility for the United States Department of Homeland Security. References Chihuahuan Desert Border irregularities of the United States Geography of New Mexico Geography of Hidalgo County, New Mexico", "title": "New Mexico bootheel" }, { "docid": "1357489", "text": "The Estrella Mountains or The Sierra Estrella (, , ) is a mountain range located southwest of Phoenix, Arizona. Much of the range falls within the Gila River Indian Reservation, but of BLM land is protected as the Sierra Estrella Wilderness. Description On the highest peaks, temperatures are usually 8–12 degrees (Fahrenheit) cooler than in the valley. Snow can be seen at least once or twice a year on the highest points of the mountain range (typically above 4,000 ft). Sometimes, the snow level can drop near , but depends if the precipitation reaches the mountain range. A good example is during the month of March 2006, when a heavy storm system reached the state and lowered snow levels near . Once the skies cleared next morning, snow covered the Estrella's mountain tops. Estrella Mountain Regional park occupies in the northern portion of the range. The park offers multi-use trails including a competitive loop for running and mountain biking. Equestrian use is permitted. The park has parking and a riding arena. History The Sierra Estrellas were inhabited by the Akimel O'odham people and also some Yavapai bands at the north end of the range at the time of Spanish colonization, and today the mountains tower over several of the Akimel O'odham and Maricopa villages of the Gila River Indian Community. There are petroglyphs throughout the Southern portion of the range. In the colonial era, they were part of the land claimed as New Spain. Occasionally Spanish explorers or priests, most notably Father Kino, would venture near the range to document the area and contact the Akimel O'odham. On his return from the Colorado River in March 1699, Kino climbed a pass through the Sierra Estrellas and saw the Río Salado and Río Verde that he drew on his maps. In 1810, Mexico declared independence from Spain, and the Sierra Estrellas went on to become part of Mexico. In 1827, a French fur trapping expedition led by Michel Robidoux was attacked by Indians and survivors escaped into the Sierra Estrella mountains. In 1853, the United States acquired the Estrellas from Mexico as part of the Gadsden purchase. It soon became part of a trade route for settlers in California known as the Butterfield Overland stage. People and equipment could be moved across the area much quicker. The route was massively successful in its time, moving millions of dollars in supplies. However, it was short-lived. Steam locomotives soon replaced stage coaches across the United States, and the Butterfield Stage Route was no longer utilized. In 1857, the Battle of Pima Butte was fought in the area of the mountains. The allied Yuma, Mohave, Yavapai and Apache peoples attacked the Maricopa village of Secate. The Maricopa and their allies, the Akimel O'odham, defeated the attackers, leaving approximately 200 of them dead or wounded. It is notable for being the last major battle fought solely between indigenous Americans in North America. Access Four-wheel-drive vehicles are required to approach the wilderness boundary. Only the western", "title": "Sierra Estrella" }, { "docid": "22669342", "text": "Prior to the adoption of its name for a U.S. state, Arizona was traditionally defined as the region south of the Gila River to the present-day Mexican border, and between the Colorado River and the Rio Grande. It encompasses present-day Southern Arizona and the New Mexico Bootheel plus adjacent parts of Southwestern New Mexico. This area was transferred from Mexico to the United States in the Gadsden Purchase of 1853. Mining and ranching were the primary occupations of traditional Arizona's inhabitants, though growing citrus fruits had long been occurring in Tucson. History Pre Civil War Socio-politically, some of the founders of Arizona were from areas which were once the Republic of Texas, though many were from the area's heartland around Tucson, Arizona, settlers who had flocked to the region during the California Gold Rush of the 1840s. They maintained their eastern links via Mesilla, on traditional Arizona's border with Texas, to San Antonio, Texas. Most others were from elsewhere in the United States, as opposed to the Mexican citizens from Sonora and settlers from other settlements of the Midwest. Texas was the lifeline for Arizona, but only until California was established as a U.S. state, meaning Arizona had access to two separate lines of communications and food for frontier settlements. The main line was the Butterfield Overland Mail company, which ran through southern Arizona. Traditional Arizona was never part of William Walker's Republic of Sonora, as it was created in January 1854, a year after the Gadsden Purchase which put traditional Arizona under United States control. Civil War The closure of the mail line was one of the main reasons Arizona would secede from the Union and petition to join the Confederate States. Another main concern for the creation of Arizona Territory was the problem of constant Apache attacks in Arizona's southern frontier. Arizonans were angry that there were not sufficient U.S. soldiers in the region to protect them from attack. The aim of becoming a separate American territory was realized after the First Battle of Mesilla when future governor, John R. Baylor defeated the Union garrison of Fort Fillmore with help from Arizonan militia. Mesilla and Tucson would become important towns for the Confederate war effort in the region. Tucson was an old Spanish presidio, protected by high adobe walls and had already been the scene of several Apache battles in the past. Tucson was also the largest settlement in Southern Arizona at the time and had already considered secession as far back as 1859, when Tucson citizens and Mesilla citizens petitioned the U.S. government for the creation of a Union Arizona territory, with this request being denied. Despite Tucson's presidio walls, the fortress had no garrison at the time of secession and therefore was an open city at first until the creation of a small militia force. Tubac, to the south of Tucson was another old Spanish presidio. Tucson's militia rescued the Tubacans during the Siege of Tubac in spring of 1861 under the command of Captain Granville", "title": "Traditional Arizona" }, { "docid": "6425265", "text": "Tubac Presidio State Historic Park, located in Tubac, Arizona, US, preserves the ruins of the Presidio San Ignacio de Tubac and various other buildings, thereby presenting a timeline of European settlement in this Southern Arizona town. The park contains a museum, a number of historic sites, an underground archeology exhibit displaying the excavated foundations of the Tubac Presidio, and a picnic area. Various cultural events are held on-site throughout the year, including Anza Days (October), Los Tubaqueños living history presentations (Sundays from October through March), archeological tours, and nature walks. Until recently, the park was administered by Arizona State Parks but is the first park in the Arizona state park system. As a result of budget cutbacks, the Tubac Presidio was scheduled to be closed in 2010, but was rescued by local residents and the Tubac Historical Society. It is now operated by The Friends of the Presidio and staffed with dedicated volunteers. History As the Spanish Empire attempted to expand into the frontiers of New Spain, Catholic missions were established throughout modern-day Mexico and the southwestern United States. Of these many churches, one was established at nearby Tumacácori in 1691 and Tubac, then a small Pima Indian village, was set up as a mission farm and ranch. Spanish colonists started to colonize the area in the 1730s; twenty years later the Pimas, led by Luis of Saric, led an uprising against the Spanish in 1751 and the settlement at Tubac was destroyed. A year later, the Pimas surrendered and the Presidio San Ignacio de Tubac was established to protect the town and the surrounding area from further rebellion. Tubac became the first European settlement in what today is the state of Arizona. Threatened by the establishment of a Russian fort immediately north of the San Francisco Bay area, the Spanish sent Juan Bautista de Anza to establish an overland route to and a presidio and mission in the San Francisco area. The expedition passed through Tubac in early 1774. In 1776, the Tubac garrison was moved north to Tucson, leaving Tubac undefended against Apache raids. As a result, the presidio was reactivated in 1787 with Pima\\O'odham Indian troops and Spanish officers. Tubac became part of an independent Mexico in 1821 and then part of the United States in 1854 as a result of the Gadsden Purchase. With the arrival of the Americans came Charles D. Poston, who established the Sonora Exploring and Mining Company in Tubac. Poston performed marriages, granted divorces, officiated baptisms, printed his own money to pay his employees, and even established Arizona's first newspaper in 1859. The following year, Tubac became the largest town in the state. The prosperity was not to last, however, as the area's soldiers were called away to fight in the American Civil War. The town was again unprotected from the Apaches. The routing of the railroad through Tucson to the north and the discovery of silver around Tombstone to the east meant that Tubac would never regain its importance. Park facilities", "title": "Tubac Presidio State Historic Park" }, { "docid": "65539509", "text": "Several Indigenous peoples who live on the United States–Mexico border have objected to the construction of a border wall on their territories and the militarization of the border by the United States government. The US–Mexico border crosses several Indigenous territories and divides these communities. The barrier erected between the United States and Mexico cuts through and/or affects at least 29 Indigenous tribes, which include Kumeyaay Nation and Tohono O'odham. Increased efforts by the US government at border control, beginning in the 1980s, and the construction of a physical border wall, beginning in the 1990s, along the US-Mexico boundary, have significantly impacted tribal nations. Whether it be disrupting the movement of tribal members across the US-Mexico border by requiring the use of a specific port of entry or specific documentation or the destruction of Native territory, the border had significant implications. In response, the Tohono O'odham and the Kumeyaay nations, among others, have engaged in protests against the barrier. History Creation of the US-Mexico border The border between the United States and Mexico was formed through treaties and negotiations that often failed to include Indigenous peoples in the negotiations and conversations. In 1848, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed after the Mexican-American War, and it drew a demarcation between the United States and Mexico. Additionally, Article XI of this treaty not only puts Indigenous tribes under the control of the United States but also allows preventing Indigenous movements across this border, and the treaty also honored the land claims of Mexican citizens. Some tribal nations were able to obtain said land grants, but those tribes who did not live in established villages were unable to receive land grants. Thus, their territory rights were not honored in this treaty nor by the United States. Native Americans, including those who were impacted by this treaty, were excluded from conversations and negotiations between the United States and Mexico. Furthermore, these respective governments failed to consider their homelands and sacred grounds when reaching an agreement. With the creation of the border also came the creation of citizenship which led to the restriction of free travel and a plethora of other issues. Around five years after the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed, the Gadsden Purchase further expanded the United States' border. For $10 million, the United States received 30,000 square miles, which makes up present-day southern Arizona and southern New Mexico. A primary reason for this purchase was the desire to build a transcontinental railroad. The same protections provided in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo still apply to the residents in this newly added tract of land. Border wall construction and militarization Beginning in the 1990s, under the Bush administration, 14 miles of border wall were constructed near San Diego, California, and the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigration Responsibility Act fortified that 14 mile stretch of wall. Other legislation, such as the Secure Fence Act, have expanded upon those initial 14 miles of wall. Further expansion of wall construction occurred with President Donald Trump's", "title": "Indigenous conflicts on the Mexico–United States barrier" }, { "docid": "41873860", "text": "Stein's Pass, is a gap or mountain pass through the Peloncillo Mountains of Hidalgo County, New Mexico. The pass was named after United States Army Major Enoch Steen, who camped nearby in 1856, as he explored the recently acquired Gadsden Purchase. The pass is in the form of a canyon cut through the mountains through which Steins Creek flows to the west just west of the apex of the pass to the canyon mouth at . History Stein's Pass and the canyon of Steins Creek to the west of it, allowed easy passage through the Peloncillo Mountains, between the Animas Valley and the San Simon Valley. Americans headed west in the California Gold Rush, in 1849 pioneered a shorter wagon road through the pass as part of a cutoff route from Cooke's Wagon Road from Santa Fe to Tucson and California. The pass, then in Mexican territory, was known to Mexican Army soldiers who guided a party of forty-niners led by John Coffee Hays west from Peloncillo Ranch on Cooke's road in the Animas Valley, through this pass, to Cienega of San Simon and on over Apache Pass and Nugent’s Pass to the lower crossing of San Pedro River, near Tres Alamos from which it ran southwest to link back up to Cooke,s Road west of modern Benson, Arizona, avoiding the long haul south to Guadalupe Pass, (in what is now Sonora, Mexico just south of the modern Mexican, U. S. border), and back north along the San Pedro River to the vicinity west of Benson. Subsequently, this became the major route of travel on this part of the Southern Emigrant Trail, and was used by the San Antonio-San Diego Mail Line, with the exception that Nugent's Pass was discarded in favor of Dragoon Pass as the shorter route to the San Pedro River crossing. A shorter route through Doubtful Canyon used by the Butterfield Overland Mail supplanted this pass for the stagecoach route until the outbreak of the Apache War with Cochise made it unsafe and the Steins Pass route again became the route of choice for many years. Stein's Pass became the route the Southern Pacific Railroad used in crossing the Peloncillo Mountains, and the station, later the town of Stein's Pass was founded just east of the summit of the pass. Today the route of Interstate 10, goes through Stein's Pass. References Landforms of Hidalgo County, New Mexico Mountain passes of New Mexico", "title": "Stein's Pass" }, { "docid": "61297975", "text": "This is a list, which includes a photographic gallery, of some of the remaining historic buildings, houses, structures and monuments in Douglas, Arizona, a city in Cochise County. There are various historic structures in Douglas which are located in G Street known as the Douglas Historic District. Some of the structures are individually listed in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). Douglas has three more historical districts besides the Douglas Historic District. The other three historic districts are the Douglas Residential Historic District, the Douglas Sonoran Historic District and the Rucker Canyon Archeological District. Brief history Native-Americans inhabited the area where the City of Douglas and its surrounding areas are located before the arrival of the people of European ancestry from the East Coast of the United States. The principal Native-American tribe which inhabited southeastern Arizona were the Chiricahua Apaches. They called themselves the Chiricahua Apache (Apache: `great mountain’) after their former mountain home in southeast Arizona. Their own name true name is actually the Aiaha. In the 1500s Spain claimed the area which they called New Spain, In 1535, Spanish explorer Cabeza de Vaca established a route from Mexico through the southwestern region of Arizona. Spanish Conquistadores then began to establish presidios throughout the region. Present-day Douglas is close to the San Bernardino Presidio of the late 1700s. In 1821, the Mexican War of Independence between Mexico and Spain came to an end and the territory of New Spain, which included present-day Arizona, was ceded to Mexico. By the mid-1800s there were many cattle ranchers in the region, among them John Horton Slaughter. In 1854, the United States purchased the region from Mexico in what is known as the Gadsden Purchase. Americans of European descent from the East Coast of the United States began to arrive in the area. Some came to work as miners and others came to establish farms and ranches which provided food to the growing population. The Phelps Dodge Corporation selected the area as a suitable site to establish a smelter for its copper mines in Bisbee. In 1888, mining pioneer Dr. James Douglas founded the Arizona and South Eastern Railroad. By 1901, the railroad line covered Bisbee, Fairbanks, Benson and finally Douglas. That same year the line was renamed the \"El Paso and Southwestern Railroad\".The town was founded in 1901 and was named after Dr. James Douglas. Two copper smelters operated at the site; the Calumet and Arizona Company Smelter and the Copper Queen. Douglas was incorporated in 1905. It shares a border with the town of Agua Prieta, Mexico. In 1911, during the conflict known as the Border War, a United States Army camp, Camp Harry J Jones was established. During the Mexican Revolution the United States Army established Camp San Bernardino Ranch a.k.a. the Slaughter Ranch Outpost to deal with the border troubles. There are many properties listed in the National Register of Historic Places and Historic landmarks in Douglas. Among them the Hotel Gadsden, the Southern Pacific Railroad Depot, the", "title": "List of historic properties in Douglas, Arizona" }, { "docid": "398900", "text": "James Gadsden (May 15, 1788December 26, 1858) was an American diplomat, soldier and businessman after whom the Gadsden Purchase is named, pertaining to land which the United States bought from Mexico, and which became the southern portions of Arizona and New Mexico. James Gadsden served as Adjutant General of the U.S. Army from August 13, 1821 – March 22, 1822. Between 1853 and 1856, he served as U.S. Minister to Mexico. He was known commonly as General Gadsden, although he never had a rank above colonel. Biography Little is known about the life of Gadsden, especially his early life. It is known that he was born in Charleston, South Carolina, during 1788, and that he was grandson of the American Revolutionary War hero Christopher Gadsden, for whom the Gadsden flag was named. It is also known that Gadsden earned his bachelor's degree from Yale University in Connecticut, completing this degree in 1806. In university, he was a member of the debating and secret society, Brothers in Unity. Army service Gadsden joined the U.S. Army in December 1812. He served as a commissioned officer commanded by General Andrew Jackson, who was later elected president in 1828. Gadsden served Gen. Jackson both during the War of 1812 against the British Army, and, from 1816 to 1821, in protecting the southern U.S. border from raiders — Native Americans, maroons (escaped slaves and their descendants) — based in Spanish Florida. As part of this effort, Jackson directed Gadsden, a member of the Army Corps of Engineers, to build a fort on the Prospect Bluff site. Jackson subsequently named it Fort Gadsden. Gadsden also helped to establish Fort Brooke with George Mercer Brooke at the site of the present-day city of Tampa, Florida. He was appointed Adjutant General in August 1821, but this appointment was not confirmed by the Senate, causing it to expire the following year. Seminole expulsion Gadsden next decided to quit the U.S. Army, and became a planter in Florida; he served in the Florida Territorial Legislature. Gadsden was appointed as a commissioner during 1823 to help with the organization and the expulsion of most of the Seminole Indian Tribe from their homes in Florida and southern Georgia, along the Trail of Tears to land reservations that had been reserved for them in what is now Oklahoma. Years later Gadsden County, Florida, was named in his honor, and also the city of Gadsden, Alabama, and the town of Gadsden, Arizona. Railroad executive Later Gadsden served as the president of the South Carolina Railroad company from 1840 to 1850. When first completed in 1833, the line was the longest railroad in the world under one management. As an engineer he directed the construction of the branch to Columbia, completed 1842, surveyed a proposed extension to the Ohio River, and helped promote the Memphis & Charleston Railroad, incorporated 1845 (completed in 1857, it was the first U.S. railroad link between the Atlantic and the Mississippi River, but long after Gadsden had turned his attention", "title": "James Gadsden" }, { "docid": "87956", "text": "Pima County ( ) is a county in the south central region of the U.S. state of Arizona. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,043,433, making it Arizona's second-most populous county. The county seat is Tucson, where most of the population is centered. The county is named after the Pima Native Americans, also known as Tohono O'odham, who are indigenous to this area. Pima County includes the entirety of the Tucson Metropolitan Statistical Area, and it is the third largest metropolitan area in the Southwestern United States. Pima County contains parts of the Tohono O'odham Nation, as well as all of the San Xavier Indian Reservation, the Pascua Yaqui Indian Reservation, Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Ironwood Forest National Monument and Saguaro National Park. The vast majority of the county population lies in and around the city of Tucson, filling much of the eastern part of the county with urban development. As Arizona's second-largest city, Tucson is a major commercial and academic center. Other urban areas include the Tucson suburbs of Marana, Oro Valley, Sahuarita, South Tucson, and Green Valley. The rest of the county is sparsely populated; the largest towns are Sells, the capital of the Tohono O'odham Nation, and Ajo in the county's far western region. History Pima County, one of the four original counties in Arizona, was created by the 1st Arizona Territorial Legislature with land acquired through the Gadsden Purchase from Mexico in 1853. The original county consisted of all of Arizona Territory east of longitude 113° 20' and south of the Gila River. Soon thereafter, the counties of Cochise, Graham and Santa Cruz were carved from the original Pima County. Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (0.02%) is water. Topographic features Mountains of Pima County Fresnal Canyon Major highways Interstate 10 Interstate 19 Historic U.S. Route 80 State Route 77 State Route 83 State Route 85 State Route 86 State Route 210 State Route 989 Adjacent counties and municipalities Yuma County – west Maricopa County – north Pinal County – north Graham County – northeast Cochise County – east Santa Cruz County – southeast east and south Altar, Sonora, Mexico – south Caborca, Sonora, Mexico – south General Plutarco Elías Calles, Sonora, Mexico – south Sáric, Sonora, Mexico – south National protected areas Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (part) Coronado National Forest (part) Ironwood Forest National Monument (part) Las Cienegas National Conservation Area (part) Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument Saguaro National Park Sonoran Desert Conservation Plan The Sonoran Desert Conservation Plan (SDCP) is Pima County's plan for desert conservation. The SDCP addresses natural and cultural resources, ranches, endangered species compliance and wildlife corridors. Demographics 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 843,746 people, 332,350 households, and 212,039 families living in the county. The population density was . There were 366,737 housing units at an average density of . The racial", "title": "Pima County, Arizona" }, { "docid": "61614731", "text": "This is a list of historic properties in Oracle, Arizona a census-designated place by the Catalina Mountains in Pinal County. Included is a photographic gallery of some of the remaining historic structures some of which are individually identified as historic by the National Register of Historic Places. Also included are some images of Biosphere 2 which is located in Oracle. Brief history The first known inhabitants of the area were the Hohokam who settled the banks of the nearby San Pedro River in splinter groups. The disappearance of the Hohokam in the late 15th century remains a mystery. Later the region was settled by the O’odham (Sobapiris) and the Apache tribes. The Sobaipuris and Apache fought each other over the ownership of the land. The Sobapiris gave up the struggle and relocated to the San Xavier Mission, home to the Tohono O’odham Nation to the south. The area came under Spanish rule in what Spain claimed was New Spain. The first Europeans arrived in the region in 1583, when a group of Spanish explorers came in search of gold and silver. They were searching for the Seven Cities of Cibola, whose streets were supposed to be paved with gold. The region was known as \"Apachería\" by the Spaniards In 1821, the Mexican War of Independence between Mexico and Spain came to an end and the territory of New Spain, which included Arizona, was ceded to Mexico. In 1846, the United States declared war against Mexico in what became known as the Mexican–American War. The conflict with Mexico ended in 1848. In 1854, the United States purchased the region from Mexico in what is known as the Gadsden Purchase. In 1870, a Group of vigilantes from Tucson massacred 200 Apache women, children and elders at Aravaipa Creek. Those who survived the massacre moved to the San Carlos Reservation. The early Mexican settlers used the land for agricultural purposes and for cattle ranching. As such, the economy of the area depended on cattle ranching and later mining. Albert Weldon and Isaac Lorraine were among the first Anglo's from the eastern coast of the United States to claim mining rights in the area. Lorraine founded a mine which he named the \"American Flag Mine\". He also established the American Flag cattle ranch. Weldon was a prospector who established a mine in the Catalina Mountains which he named \"The Oracle\", in honor of his uncle's ship. The small town was named Oracle in 1878. In the 1870s word of the mining successes in the area spread and prospectors from other places came with their families to the area. In 1880, two post offices were established, one in Oracle and one 5 miles west of Oracle which was called the American Flag Post Office. The American Flag Post Office service was discontinued in 1890. Currently it is the oldest existing Territorial post office in the state that is still standing. The climate of Oracle was another factor that attracted people for health reasons. Oracle was", "title": "List of historic properties in Oracle, Arizona" }, { "docid": "52975514", "text": "The Arizona borderlands are the geographic and cultural region north of the Arizona portion of the US-Mexico border. The area is unique in that it features both an international border and the Tohono O'oham sovereign nation along much of that border. Frequent and persistent topics of interest in the area include the presence of illegal immigration, the confluence of local, state, and national politics surrounding the border, conservation and sustainable living, and the presence of drug traffickers and paramilitary forces in the vicinity. Background Arizona's southern border comprises 24% of the entire United States-Mexico Border and contains six of the state's ten Ports of Entry. These ports are of particular importance, however, because significant drug trafficking occurs via drugs hidden in vehicles. Of particular concern are drug trafficking operations in the area: the area is used heavily by the Sinaloa Cartel for smuggling meth, cocaine, heroin and marijuana across the border in the United States. Tohono O'Odham Nation The Gadsden Purchase in 1854 divided the Tohono O'odham Nation into two pieces across an international border. Seventy-five miles of the southern border of the Tohono O'odham Nation's border coincide with the United States-Mexico border, making it the second largest reservation in the United States. The Tohono O'odham people have lived in this region for thousands of years and frequently need to cross the border to visit family members and sacred sites, typically in northwestern Mexico. The existing US border control in the area already presented an obstacle to members of the tribe, and after the passing of the Arizona Borderlands Protection and Preservation Act, giving the Department of Homeland Security access to federal lands for security activities. This coupled with the Trump administration's plan to establish a wall along the border, has produced more tension in the region. In order for such a wall to be built without the approval of the Tohono O'odham government, the relevant piece of the land would first have to be removed from the Tohono O'odham Nation's trust, which requires a Congressional bill. The rocky geography and remote location of the border contained within the Tohono O'odham nation make it infeasible for law enforcement officers to effectively patrol the border, though mounting efforts in the area have created a militarized atmosphere that is disturbing to members of the Tohono O'odham tribe. Immigration One of the ways most commonly used to enter the country by the poorest immigrants is on foot through the Sonoran Desert. The trek takes upwards of three days and immigrants face a host of issues while making it. Near the border, temperatures rise into the triple digits during the daytime in the summer months and fall to near freezing during the nighttime in the winter months. Average annual precipitation varies along the border but can be as low as three inches, while rainfall during the North American Monsoon season can be surprising and deadly (resulting in the passing of the Stupid Motorist Law, for example). Immigrants attempting to cross the border frequently die", "title": "Politics of the Arizona Borderlands" } ]	[ { "docid": "70236171", "text": "John Lorenzo Hubbell (November 27, 1853 – November 12, 1930) was a member of the Arizona State Senate. He was elected to serve in the 1st Arizona State Legislature from Apache County. He served in the Senate from March 1912 until March 1914. Hubbell was the long-time owner of the Hubbell Trading Post established in 1878 on the Navajo Reservation in Ganado, Arizona. The trading post is preserved as the Hubbell Trading Post National Historic Site. Early life John (Juan) Lorenzo Hubbell was the son of James (Santiago) Lawrence Hubbell, a pioneer from Salisbury, Connecticut, who traveled to the Southwest, settling in New Mexico in 1848, where he became a government contractor, specializing in cattle. His mother was Julianita Gutierrez, the heiress of an old New Mexican family, who inherited large estates in the New Mexico territory, holding the Pajarito Land Grand from 1739 from the Spanish government. His parents built the historic Gutiérrez Hubbell House. His father had come to the Southwest as a trader on the Santa Fe Trail, settling in New Mexico in 1848. Hubbell was born in Pajarito, located in South Valley, New Mexico on November 27, 1853, when Arizona was still part of the New Mexico Territory. The ranch where he was born, the Gutiérrez Hubbell House, was registered on the National Register of Historic Places in 2015. As a youth, he was taught by a tutor at home, and the primary language was Spanish. When he turned 12, he attended Farley's Presbyterian School in Santa Fe, New Mexico, where he was taught English. His first job was as a mail clerk in Albuquerque, New Mexico. When he was 19 he traveled to Utah, where he worked as a clerk in a trading post in Kanab. However, in 1872 he had some type of altercation in Panguitch, Utah, which left him injured, and he fled south where he stayed with some Paiute Indians until he recovered. After his recovery he continued south into Hopi territory, in what would become the Hopi Reservation. In the summer of 1873 he became the first white man to witness the Hopi's Snake-Antelope Ceremony. Over the next year he worked at a trading post near Fort Wingate, New Mexico, and at the Navajo Agency at Fort Defiance, Arizona. During this time he also learned to speak Navajo, and because of that skill, he was hired by the army to work as an interpreter between the Navajo and Indian agent W. F. M. Arny in 1874. In 1876 he moved to St. Johns, Arizona, where he established a trading post. Two years later, he purchased a trading post near Pueblo Colorado Wash, owned by William Leonard. In order to avoid confusion with Pueblo, Colorado, he renamed the location Ganado, after Ganado Mucho, a Navajo chief, who had been one of the signers of the Navajo peace treaty of 1868. It was this site which today is known as the Hubbell Trading Post National Historic Site. During the years 1876–1886, he developed", "title": "J. Lorenzo Hubbell" }, { "docid": "190297", "text": "The Nine Nations of North America is a 1981 book by Joel Garreau, in which the author suggests that North America can be divided into nine nations, which have distinctive economic and cultural features. He also argues that conventional national and state borders are largely artificial and irrelevant, and that his \"nations\" provide a more accurate way of understanding the true nature of North American society. The work has been called \"a classic text on the current regionalization of North America\". The nine nations New England – an expanded version including not only Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Rhode Island, Massachusetts and Connecticut (although omitting the southwestern portion of Connecticut within the New York metropolitan area), but also the Canadian Atlantic provinces of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and Newfoundland and Labrador. Capital: Boston. The Foundry – the by-then-declining industrial areas of the northeastern United States and Great Lakes region stretching from New York City to northeast Wisconsin and down to the suburbs of Washington, D.C., in Northern Virginia, and including Chicago, Milwaukee, Indianapolis, Pittsburgh, Cleveland, Toledo, Philadelphia, and Southern Ontario. Capital: Detroit. Dixie – the former Confederate States of America (today the southeastern United States) centered on Atlanta, and including most of eastern Texas. While northern Virginia and Maryland are culturally not part of Dixie, he includes most of Virginia and West Virginia in \"Dixie\" as well as Kentucky; southern and southeastern portions of Missouri, southern Illinois, and southern Indiana; and the \"Little Dixie\" region of southeastern Oklahoma. Finally, the region also includes most of Florida, as far south as the cities of Fort Myers and Naples. Capital: Atlanta. The Breadbasket – most of the Great Plains states and part of the Prairie provinces: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Nebraska, the Dakotas, almost all of Oklahoma, parts of Missouri, western Wisconsin, eastern Colorado, the eastern edge of New Mexico, central Illinois, a portion of Indiana, and North Texas. Also included are some of Northern Ontario and southern Saskatchewan and Manitoba. Capital: Kansas City. The Islands – The South Florida metropolitan area, the Everglades and Florida Keys, and the Caribbean. Capital: Miami. Mexamerica – the southern and Central Valley portions of California as well as southern Arizona, the portion of Texas bordering on the Rio Grande, most of New Mexico, northern Mexico, and the Baja California Peninsula. Capital: Los Angeles. Ecotopia – the Pacific Northwest coast west of the Cascade Range and the Coast Mountains, as well as several Alaskan Pacific Coast Ranges, stretching from Alaska down through coastal British Columbia, Washington state, Oregon, and into California just north of Santa Barbara. Capital: San Francisco. The Empty Quarter – most of Alaska, Nevada, Utah, Wyoming, Idaho, Montana and Colorado from Denver west, as well as the eastern portions of Oregon, California, Washington, all of Alberta and Northern Canada (including what is now Nunavut), northern Arizona, parts of New Mexico (mainly the area controlled by the Navajo Nation), and British Columbia east of the Coast Ranges. Capital: Denver. Quebec – the primarily", "title": "The Nine Nations of North America" }, { "docid": "18909230", "text": "The El Paso and Southwestern Railroad began in 1888 as the Arizona and South Eastern Railroad, a short line serving copper mines in southern Arizona. Over the next few decades, it grew into a 1200-mile system that stretched from Tucumcari, New Mexico, southward to El Paso, Texas, and westward to Tucson, Arizona, with several branch lines, including one to Nacozari, Mexico. The railroad was bought by the Southern Pacific Railroad in 1924 and fully merged into its parent company in 1955. The EP&SW was a major link in the transcontinental route of the Golden State Limited. Founding James Douglas was a former professor of chemistry working for William E. Dodge Jr. and Daniel Willis James, majority co-owners of the trading firm Phelps, Dodge and Co. Phelps Dodge was interested in entering the copper mining industry, and hired Douglas to make an inspection of mining claims in the Southwestern United States. Douglas suggested that the two men invest in the Detroit Copper Mining Company of Arizona, which owned a copper mining claim in Morenci, Arizona Territory, as well as purchase the Atlanta claim, adjoining the Copper Queen Mine, in Bisbee, Arizona Territory. In 1881, Phelps Dodge followed both recommendations, taking an interest in the Detroit Copper Mining Company, and purchasing a controlling interest in the Atlanta mine. After the Copper Queen and Atlanta mines both struck the Atlanta ore body in 1884, Phelps Dodge merged with the Copper Queen, to avoid litigation sparked by the \"law of the apex\". The company merged its various mining interests into the Copper Queen Consolidated Mining Company in 1885, and installed Douglas as president and part-owner. With production in the Bisbee area expanding, Douglas formed the Arizona and South Eastern Railroad in 1888. The railroad ran on a short spur of track from Bisbee to Fairbank, Arizona, where it met the mainline of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway's New Mexico and Arizona Railroad. Shortly thereafter and unhappy with AT&SF rates, the line was extended to Benson, Arizona, to connect with the Southern Pacific Railroad. In 1900, Copper Queen Consolidated built a new smelter at the newly built town of Douglas, Arizona (named for James Douglas), to which the railroad was extended again. The line was renamed the El Paso and Southwestern Railroad on June 25, 1901, to reflect its larger scope (even though it did not yet extend to El Paso, Texas). After the deaths of Dodge in 1903 and James in 1907, the various Phelps Dodge railroads, mining companies, real estate firms, as well as other subsidiaries and divisions were all merged into Phelps Dodge and Company. In 1915, Phelps Dodge and Company went public as Phelps-Dodge. Expansion Nacozari Railroad James and Dodge had acquired the Moctezuma Copper Company in the state of Sonora in Mexico, and in 1902 the El Paso and Southwestern line was extended south from Douglas to the Mexican town of Nacozari de García. The Nacozari Railroad, owned by Moctezuma Copper Co. and used to transport ore to", "title": "El Paso and Southwestern Railroad" }, { "docid": "15566521", "text": "Today's Bradshaw Trail is a historic overland stage route in the western Colorado Desert of Southern California. It is a remnant of the much longer Bradshaw Road, also known as the Road to La Paz, or Gold Road, established in 1862 by William D. Bradshaw. It was the first overland route to connect the gold fields near La Paz in the U.S. New Mexico Territory, later the Arizona Territory, to Southern California's more populated west coast. Once in La Paz, additional roads provided access to the mining districts of the central New Mexico/Arizona Territory, near Wickenburg and Prescott. The route ran from San Bernardino, California, through the San Gorgonio Pass and Coachella Valley, past the Salton Sink (now filled by the Salton Sea), and east to the Colorado River where Bradshaw's Ferry was available to transport travelers across the river. The gold fields were then some 5 miles northeast of current-day Ehrenberg, Arizona. The trail that remains today is a graded dirt road, that traverses southeastern Riverside County, and a part of Imperial County, beginning roughly east of North Shore and terminating about southwest of Blythe for a total of . History The trail is named for trailblazer William D. Bradshaw, who first crossed the area in 1862. A former forty-niner, Bradshaw knew that the northern gold mines were rapidly becoming exhausted and that the flood of refugees from the area would need a more direct trail from the south across the desert to the new strike at La Paz. Without a direct trail, it would be necessary to travel a great distance southeast to Yuma, then north up the river to La Paz. Bradshaw was also aware of the financial possibilities that could be found in a gold boomtown. In May 1862, Bradshaw and eight other men set out to find a direct route to La Paz. Originally long, the western trailhead began east of San Bernardino in the San Gorgonio Pass. Bradshaw and his party traveled southeast through Agua Caliente, now Palm Springs, and then South to a village where the Torres Martinez Indian Reservation is now located. There Bradshaw was befriended by Cabazon, a chief of the Cahuilla Indians of the Salton Sink, and a Maricopa from Arizona who was visiting the Cahuilla villages. They provided Bradshaw with the knowledge of the route of their ancient trade route through the Colorado Desert, including the location of springs and water holes. Armed with this information, Bradshaw traveled eastward near present-day Mecca at the northern tip of the Salton Sink, to Bitter Spring at the foothills of the Orocopia Mountains and on 5 miles to an existing stage stop called \"Dos Palmas Spring.\" Leaving Dos Palmas, the men continued through the pass eastward between the Orocopia and Chocolate mountain ranges, briefly skirting the southern end of the Chuckwalla range, crossed through a gap in the Mule Mountains and reaching the Palo Verde Valley two miles southwest of the modern community of Ripley. Despite the fact that the trail crossed", "title": "Bradshaw Trail" }, { "docid": "53721", "text": "Juan Bautista de Anza Bezerra Nieto (July 6 or 7, 1736 – December 19, 1788) was an expeditionary leader, military officer, and politician primarily in California and New Mexico under the Spanish Empire. He is credited as one of the founding fathers of Spanish California and served as an official within New Spain as Governor of the province of New Mexico. Early life Juan Bautista de Anza Bezerra Nieto was born in Fronteras, New Navarre, New Spain (today Sonora, Mexico) in 1736 (near Arizpe), most probably at Cuquiarachi, Sonora, but possibly at the Presidio of Fronteras. His family was a part of the military leadership in Nueva España, as his father and maternal grandfather, Captain Antonio Bezerra Nieto, had both served Spain, their families living on the frontier of Nueva Navarra. He was the son of Juan Bautista de Anza I. It is traditionally thought that he may have been educated at the College of San Ildefonso in Mexico City, and later at the military academy there. In 1752 he enlisted in the army at the Presidio of Fronteras. He advanced rapidly and had become a captain by 1760. He married in 1761. His wife was Ana María Pérez Serrano (b. January 1744/45, d. date unknown), the daughter of Spanish mine owner Francisco Pérez Serrano. They had no children. His military duties mainly consisted of hostile forays against Native Americans, such as the Apache, during the course of which he explored much of what is now Arizona. California expeditions The Spanish began colonizing Alta California with the Portolá expedition of 1769–1770. The two-pronged Portolá effort involved both a long sea voyage against prevailing winds and the California Current, and a difficult land route from Baja California. Colonies were established at San Diego and Monterey, with a presidio and Franciscan mission at each location. A more direct land route and further colonization were desired, especially at present-day San Francisco, which Portolá saw but was not able to colonize. By the time of Juan Bautista de Anza's expedition, three more missions had been established, including Mission San Antonio de Padua in the Salinas Valley. In 1772, Anza proposed an expedition to Alta California to the Viceroy of New Spain. This was approved by the King of Spain and on January 8, 1774, with 3 padres, 20 soldiers, 11 servants, 35 mules, 65 cattle, and 140 horses, Anza set forth from Tubac Presidio, south of present-day Tucson, Arizona. Anza heard of a California Native American called Sebastian Tarabal who had fled from Mission San Gabriel to Sonora, and took him as guide. The expedition took a southern route along the Rio Altar (Sonora y Sinaloa, New Spain), then paralleled the modern Mexico/California border, crossing the Colorado River at its confluence with the Gila River. This was in the domain of the Yuma tribe, with which he established good relations. Anza reached Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, near the California coast, on March 22, 1774, and Monterey, California, Alta California's future capital (Alta California split", "title": "Juan Bautista de Anza" }, { "docid": "27462300", "text": "Frangula betulifolia, the birchleaf buckthorn, is a shrub or small tree in the buckthorn family, Rhamnaceae. It is native in northern Mexico in the Sierra Madre Occidental cordillera, and mountainous, desert regions of the Southwestern United States of Arizona, Utah, New Mexico, and far west Texas; besides being found in Sonora, Chihuahua and Durango of the Occidental cordillera, a large species locale occurs to the east in Nuevo León. Frangula betulifolia has large ovate leaves, and can grow to be a small tree from 3-10m tall. Blooms in spring, May–June, followed by black-purple fruits in fall. The inner bark was chewed by Native Americans for medicinal purposes. The former variety obovata with rounder leaves, occurring from southern Nevada through northern Arizona and southern Utah to southwestern Colorado, is now a separate species Frangula obovata. Range The core range of the birchleaf buckthorn is the northern Sierra Madre Occidental cordillera, from central Durango, north to west-southwest Chihuahua, and eastern Sonora; it also ranges just north at the Arizona-New Mexico, Sonora-Chihuahua borders, a region called the Madrean Sky Islands, of sky island mountain ranges. Other medium-sized range locales occur at: central, southwest New Mexico, (an extension east from the Mogollon Rim–White Mountains of the Arizona transition zone); the Grand Canyon of the Colorado River with the range extending upriver into the Canyon Lands of southeast Utah; western Texas; and southern Nuevo León. Other states with more minor-sized locales are Nevada, Coahuila, and Tamaulipas. Uses Various songbirds and small mammals consume the berries, which are edible but unpalatable, and deer and bighorn sheep browse the foliage. References External links CalPhotos Ethnobotany Common and Traditionally Used Plants, Rhamnus betulifolia; Photo betulifolia Flora of Northwestern Mexico Flora of Northeastern Mexico Flora of the Southwestern United States Flora of the South-Central United States Flora of the Chihuahuan Desert Flora of the Sierra Madre Occidental Taxa named by Edward Lee Greene Flora without expected TNC conservation status", "title": "Frangula betulifolia" }, { "docid": "304192", "text": "Valles Caldera (or Jemez Caldera) is a wide volcanic caldera in the Jemez Mountains of northern New Mexico. Hot springs, streams, fumaroles, natural gas seeps and volcanic domes dot the caldera floor landscape. The highest point in the caldera is Redondo Peak, an resurgent lava dome located entirely within the caldera. Also within the caldera are several grass valleys, or valles, the largest of which is Valle Grande ( ), the only one accessible by a paved road. In 1975, Valles Caldera was designated as a National Natural Landmark by the National Park Service with much of the caldera being within the Valles Caldera National Preserve, a unit of the National Park System. History Use of Valles Caldera dates back to the prehistoric times: spear points dating to 11,000 years ago have been discovered. Several Native American tribes frequented the caldera, often seasonally, for hunting and for obsidian, used for spear and arrow points. Obsidian from the caldera was traded by tribes across much of the Southwest. Eventually, Spanish and later Mexican settlers as well as the Navajo and other tribes came to the caldera seasonally for grazing with periodic clashes and raids. Later, as the United States acquired New Mexico as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848, the caldera became the backdrop for the Indian wars with the U.S. Army. Around the same time, the caldera and its forest began to be used commercially for ranching and logging. Baca Ranch The caldera became part of the Baca Ranch in 1876. The Bacas were a wealthy family given the land as compensation for the termination of a grant given to their family near Las Vegas, in northeastern New Mexico. The family was given several other parcels by the US Government as well, including one in Arizona. This area, , was called Baca Location number one. Since then, the land has been through a string of exchanges between private owners and business enterprises. Most notably, it was owned by Frank Bond in the 1930s. Bond, a businessman based in nearby Española, ran up to 30,000 sheep in the calderas, significantly overgrazing the land and causing damage from which the watersheds of the property are still recovering. The land was purchased by the Dunigan family from Abilene, Texas in 1963. Pat Dunigan did not obtain the timber rights, however, and the New Mexico Lumber Company logged the property very heavily, leaving the land scarred with roads and removing significant amounts of old-growth douglas fir and ponderosa pine. Dunigan bought out the timber rights in the 1970s and slowed the logging. He negotiated unsuccessfully with the National Park Service and the US Forest Service for possible sale of the property in the 1980s. Valles Caldera National Preserve The Valles Caldera Preservation Act of 2000 signed by President Clinton on July 25, 2000, created the Valles Caldera National Preserve (VCNP). The legislation provided for the federal purchase of this historical ranch nestled inside a volcanic caldera, with funds coming from the", "title": "Valles Caldera" }, { "docid": "4389856", "text": "The Arizona Eastern Railway is a Class III railroad that operates of railroad between Clifton, Arizona, and Miami, Arizona, in the United States. This includes trackage rights over the Union Pacific Railroad between Lordsburg, New Mexico, and Bowie, Arizona. The railroad serves the copper mining region of southeastern Arizona, and the agricultural Gila River Valley. The railroad offers a transload location for lumber, building materials and other consumer commodities at Globe, Arizona, and can handle railcars weighing up to 286,000lbs. As of 2023, AZER has one interchange, with Union Pacific in Lordsburg, New Mexico. History What is now the Arizona Eastern Railway was chartered as the Gila Valley, Globe and Northern Railway (GVGN) on January 5, 1885. Before completion to Globe in 1899, the GVGN came under the control of the Arizona Eastern Railroad (AE). The Arizona Eastern was leased by the Southern Pacific Railroad (SP) in 1905 and merged into the SP system in 1924. SP sold the Bowie – Miami line to Kyle Railroad in 1988. Kyle was purchased by shortline holding company StatesRail in 1995, which was eventually purchased by RailAmerica in 2001. RailAmerica sold the railroad to Permian Basin Railways, a subsidiary of Iowa Pacific Holdings, in December, 2004. Of historical note, the Gila Valley Globe & Northern Railroad's first locomotive, apparently GVGN #1, was purchased from the Central Pacific Railroad, originally #1195 (Jupiter). The locomotive was the Central Pacific locomotive that met with Union Pacific No. 119 at Promontory Summit on May 10, 1869, for the driving of the golden spike, commemorating the completion of the First transcontinental railroad. Despite its historical significance, in 1909 the GVGN, by then controlled by Central Pacific successor Southern Pacific, sold No. 1 for $1000 as scrap. In 2006, Arizona Eastern announced the construction of a new spur from Safford to the new Safford Mine of Freeport-McMoRan Corporation, north of Safford. The mine opened in 2008. In 2008, AZER purchased the Clifton Subdivision from Union Pacific. The Clifton subdivision serves the Morenci Mine near Clifton, Arizona, and interchanges with UP at Lordsburg, New Mexico. In December 2008, weekend excursion service under the name Copper Spike began operating from Globe to the Apache Gold Hotel Casino near San Carlos. Trains operated four daily round-trips through the winter and spring, on Thursdays through Sundays. The Copper Spike excursion train did not resume operation for a 2011–2012 season due to the transfer in ownership. On 2 August 2011, Genesee & Wyoming Inc. announced that it planned to purchase the Arizona Eastern from Iowa Pacific for US$90.1 million, with the deal expected to be completed by the end of the year. The deal was closed on 1 September 2011. Current operation Cities served Clifton, AZ Guthrie, AZ Duncan, AZ Lordsburg, NM Bowie, AZ Solomon, AZ Safford, AZ freight dock Pima, AZ San Carlos, AZ Globe, AZ Claypool, AZ freight dock Rolling stock The following are locomotives operated by the Arizona Eastern: EMD SD90MAC43 EMD GP7 EMD GP9 EMD GP20 EMD GP35 EMD SD40-2", "title": "Arizona Eastern Railway" }, { "docid": "30321690", "text": "The Arizona/New Mexico Mountains ecoregion is a Level III ecoregion designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the U.S. states of Arizona and New Mexico. Description The region is a transition region from the lower elevation Sonoran Desert (81) to the southwest and Chihuahuan Desert (24) southeast; the west is bordered by the mid-elevation Mojave Desert (14). The north is bordered by the east–west Arizona/New Mexico Plateau (22), ecoregion which is part of and is the southern region of the Colorado Plateau. The north region of the Colorado Plateau covers eastern Utah/western Colorado and is the Colorado Plateaus (ecoregion) (20). The extreme southern perimeter of the Colorado Plateaus ecoregion extends east–west along the border regions of Arizona-New Mexico. Arizona section The Arizona section is bordered on the north, and center by regions of the Mogollon Rim, extending on the east into western New Mexico. It is named the Arizona transition zone and contains the following mountains: Central mountain ranges Black Hills (Yavapai County) Dripping Springs Mountains Limestone Hills (Arizona) Mazatzal Mountains New River Mountains Sierra Ancha Superstition Mountains Usery Mountains Western region ranges Aquarius Mountains Black Hills (Yavapai County) Black Mountains (Yavapai County) Bradshaw Mountains Date Creek Mountains Hieroglyphic Mountains Juniper Mountains McCloud Mountains Mohon Mountains Poachie Range (Alamo Lake, Aguila Valley) Santa Maria Mountains Sierra Prieta Sullivan Buttes Vulture Mountains Weaver Mountains Eastern region ranges Big Lue Mountains Black Hills (Greenlee County) Blackjack Mountains Gila Mountains (Graham County) Hayes Mountains Mescal Mountains, Arizona Natanes Mountains Pinal Mountains Salt River Mountains (Gila County) Santa Teresa Mountains Sevenmile Mountains, Arizona Sierra Aguilada-(New Mexico) White Mountains (Arizona)-(central-southern regions) In Arizona, two outlier regions are also considered as part of the ecoregion, the Kaibab Plateau, (the North Rim of the Grand Canyon), and the Chuska Mountains region of the northeast of Northern Arizona. New Mexico section The New Mexico section contains the mountain ranges that extend eastwards into western New Mexico from the Arizona transition zone. The White Mountains subregion of eastern Arizona is a high altitude area extending into about ten ranges of western-(central) New Mexico, and west of the Rio Grande. East of the Rio Grande and extending southeast is a monolithic section of mountains, mostly the Sacramento Mountains but extending southeast into the Guadalupe Mountains. In the central-north, east of the Rio Grande another monolithic section is made of the Sandia-Manzano Mountains. West of the Rio Grande extending northwest towards the Chuskas, on the Arizona-New Mexico border, are other outlier ranges considered part of the Arizona/New Mexico Mountains ecosystem. See also List of mountain ranges of Arizona List of mountain ranges of New Mexico Ecoregions defined by the EPA and the Commission for Environmental Cooperation: List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) List of ecoregions in the United States (EPA) The conservation group World Wildlife Fund maintains an alternate classification system: List of ecoregions (WWF) List of ecoregions in the United States (WWF) References Ecoregions of the United States Regions of Arizona Regions of New Mexico", "title": "Arizona/New Mexico Mountains ecoregion" }, { "docid": "5366678", "text": "Oasisamerica is a cultural region of Indigenous peoples in North America. Their precontact cultures were predominantly agrarian, in contrast with neighboring tribes to the south in Aridoamerica. The region spans parts of Northwestern Mexico and Southwestern United States and can include most of Arizona and New Mexico; southern parts of Utah and Colorado; and northern parts of Sonora and Chihuahua. During some historical periods, it might have included parts of California and Texas as well. The term was first proposed by German-Mexican anthropologist Paul Kirchhoff, who also coined Mesoamerica and Aridoamerica, and is used by some scholars, primarily Mexican anthropologists, for the broad cultural area defining pre-Columbian southwestern North America. It extends from modern-day Utah down to southern Chihuahua, and from the coast on the Gulf of California eastward to the Río Bravo river valley. Its name comes from its position in relationship with the similar regions of Mesoamerica and mostly nomadic Aridoamerica. The term Greater Southwest is often used to describe this region by American anthropologists, while Oasisamerica is more used by Mexican scholars. List of peoples Ak Chin, Arizona Southern Athabaskan Chiricahua Apache, New Mexico and Oklahoma Jicarilla Apache, New Mexico Lipan Apache, Texas Mescalero Apache, New Mexico Navajo (Navaho, Diné), Arizona and New Mexico San Carlos Apache, Arizona Tonto Apache, Arizona Western Apache (Coyotero Apache), Arizona White Mountain Apache, Arizona Aranama (Hanáma, Hanáme, Chaimamé, Chariname, Xaraname, Taraname) Coahuiltecan, Texas, northern Mexico Cocopa, Arizona, northern Mexico Comecrudo Texas, northern Mexico Cotoname (Carrizo de Camargo) Halchidhoma, Arizona and California Hualapai, Arizona Havasupai, Arizona Hohokam, formerly Arizona Karankawa, Texas Kavelchadhom La Junta, Texas, Chihuahua Mamulique, Texas, northern Mexico Manso, Texas, Chihuahua Maricopa, Arizona Mojave, Arizona, California, and Nevada Pima, Arizona Pima Bajo Pueblo peoples, Arizona, New Mexico, Western Texas Ancestral Pueblo, formerly Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah Hopi-Tewa (Arizona Tewa, Hano), Arizona, joined the Hopi during the Pueblo Revolt Hopi, Arizona Keres people, New Mexico Acoma Pueblo, New Mexico Cochiti Pueblo, New Mexico Kewa Pueblo (formerly Santo Domingo Pueblo), New Mexico Laguna Pueblo, New Mexico San Felipe Pueblo, New Mexico Santa Ana Pueblo, New Mexico Zia Pueblo, New Mexico Tewa people, New Mexico Nambé Pueblo, New Mexico Ohkay Owingeh (formerly San Juan Pueblo), New Mexico Pojoaque Pueblo, New Mexico San Ildefonso Pueblo, New Mexico Tesuque Pueblo, New Mexico Santa Clara Pueblo, New Mexico Tiwa people, New Mexico Isleta Pueblo, New Mexico Picuris Pueblo, New Mexico Sandia Pueblo, New Mexico Taos Pueblo, New Mexico Ysleta del Sur Pueblo (Tigua Pueblo), Texas Piro Pueblo, New Mexico Towa people Jemez Pueblo (Walatowa), New Mexico Pecos (Ciquique) Pueblo, New Mexico Zuni people (Ashiwi), New Mexico Quechan (Yuma), Arizona and California Quems Solano, Coahuila, Texas Tamique Toboso Tohono O'odham, Arizona and Mexico Qahatika, Arizona Tompiro Ubate Walapai, Arizona Yaqui (Yoeme), Arizona, Sonora Yavapai, Arizona Tolkapaya (Western Yavapai), Arizona Yavapé (Northwestern Yavapai), Arizona Kwevkapaya (Southeastern Yavapai), Arizona Wipukpa (Northeastern Yavapai), Arizona Geography The term Oasisamerica combines \"oasis\" and \"America\". It refers to the land dominated by the Rocky Mountains and the Sierra Madre Occidental. To the", "title": "Oasisamerica" }, { "docid": "33415259", "text": "The Pueblo V Period (AD 1600 to present) is the final period of ancestral puebloan culture in the American Southwest, or Oasisamerica, and includes the contemporary Pueblo peoples. From the previous Pueblo IV Period, all 19 of the Rio Grande valley pueblos remain in the contemporary period. The only remaining pueblo in Texas is Ysleta del Sur Pueblo, and the only remaining pueblos in Arizona are maintained by the Hopi Tribe. The rest of the Pueblo IV pueblos were abandoned by the 19th century. The Pueblo V Period (Pecos Classification) is similar to the \"Regressive Pueblo Period.\" History Considerable change occurred during the Pueblo V Period due to Spanish colonization of the Americas beginning in the 16th century and the United States westward expansion of the 19th and 20th centuries. These influences resulted in: Population decline due to European diseases Efforts to secure traditional Pueblo lands by the Europeans and other Native American tribes Establishment of Indian reservations The Crow Canyon Archaeological Center notes, \"Today, Pueblo people live in the modern world while maintaining their distinct culture and rich traditional heritage.\" Cultural groups and periods The cultural groups of this period include: Ancestral Puebloans – southern Utah, southern Colorado, northern Arizona and northern and central New Mexico. Hohokam – southern Arizona. Mogollon – southeastern Arizona, southern New Mexico and northern Mexico. Patayan – western Arizona, California, and Baja California. Notable abandoned sites The people from the following sites abandoned their pueblos and generally blended into Puebloans societies in the Rio Grande valley of New Mexico: Bailey Ruin – Arizona Bandelier – New Mexico Casa Grande – Arizona Mesa Grande – Arizona Pueblo Grande – Arizona Pecos – New Mexico, abandoned in the 19th century Puye Cliff Dwellings – New Mexico Federally recognized Pueblos There are 21 federally recognized Pueblos that are home to Pueblo people. Gallery See also American Indian Wars in the Southwest Pueblo – modern and ancient pueblos Pueblo Revolt of 1680 Puebloan peoples Notes References Native American history of Arizona Native American history of Colorado Native American history of Nevada Native American history of New Mexico Native American history of Utah Oasisamerica cultures Pueblo history Southwest periods in North America by Pecos classification", "title": "Pueblo V Period" }, { "docid": "1263664", "text": "Events February events February 9 – The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad, building southwestward from Kansas, reaches Santa Fe, New Mexico. February 12 – The Tawas and Bay County Railroad in Michigan purchases the Lake Huron and Southwestern Railway. February 18 – Adna Anderson succeeds William Milnor Roberts as Engineer-in-Chief of Northern Pacific Railway. March events March 20 The first Southern Pacific Railroad train reaches Tucson, Arizona. The Miami Valley Railway is sold from receivership to the Toledo, Delphos and Burlington railway. March 27 – The Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad, Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway and Union Pacific Railroad reach an agreement to end hostilities over track construction in Colorado; in the Treaty of Boston, the D&RG agrees that it will not build tracks south of Española, New Mexico, the Santa Fe agrees that it will not build tracks into either Denver or Leadville for ten years, and the Union Pacific agrees not to build any track in the Colorado Rockies. April events April 15 – The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad, building southwestward from Kansas, reaches Albuquerque, New Mexico. May events May 11 – Mussel Slough Tragedy: A land dispute between the Southern Pacific Railroad and settlers in Hanford, California, turns deadly when a gun battle breaks out, leaving 7 dead. May 13 – In Menlo Park, New Jersey, Thomas Edison performs the first test of his electric railway. June events June 8 – The Miami Valley Railway is reincorporated as the Cincinnati Northern Railway. June 15 – Rebuilt Berlin Anhalter Bahnhof in Germany opened. June 18 – First section of railroad in Guatemala begins operation, connecting Puerto San José and Escuintla ( gauge). July events July 1 – The Callander and Oban Railway is opened throughout to Oban in Scotland. July 2 – The first revenue trains reach Leadville, Colorado, on the Denver, South Park and Pacific Railroad. July 10 – The California Southern Railroad is organized to build a rail connection between San Diego and a connection with the Atlantic and Pacific Railroad in California. July 20 – Construction on the Denver and Rio Grande Railroad reaches Leadville, Colorado. August August 11 – The Wennington Junction rail crash in England kills 8 people. October events October 1 – The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad, building southwestward from Kansas, reaches San Marcial, New Mexico. October 23 – Following its organization in July, the California Southern Railroad is officially chartered. Unknown date events Summer – The Atlantic and Pacific Railroad, later to become part of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad, begins construction west of Albuquerque, New Mexico. Eugene V. Debs becomes the Grand Secretary of American labor organization Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen. The Richmond and West Point Terminal Railway and Warehouse Company is chartered as a holding company to acquire railroads that the Richmond and Danville Railroad itself couldn't. Lima Machine Works ships the first Shay locomotive to Ephraim Shay's design to a logger in Grand Rapids, Michigan. Alonzo C. Mather", "title": "1880 in rail transport" }, { "docid": "26979801", "text": "Doubtful Canyon was the name of two canyons in the Peloncillo Mountains, once considered in the 19th century as one canyon that served as the pass through those mountains. Today the canyon bearing the name Doubtful Canyon, is mostly in Cochise County, Arizona, near the New Mexico border. It descends to the east into the Animas Valley past Steins Peak it is in Hidalgo County, New Mexico. Doubtful Canyon has a tributary, Little Doubtful Canyon that joins it just east of the Arizona New Mexico border. The western canyon is now called West Doubtful Canyon and it descends into the San Simon Valley, in Cochise County, Arizona. History The mountain water sources and the low north south divide that lay between the two Doubtful canyons made it a favored shortcut for early east west travelers to the Southern Emigrant Trail wagon road that ran farther south before turning west. Doubtful Canyon and West Doubtful Canyon formed the pass where the Butterfield Overland Mail passed through the Peloncillo Mountains. Later near Steins Peak, the Steins Peak Station of the Butterfield Overland Mail was located in Doubtful Canyon. Steins Peak Station was destroyed and its keepers killed by the Apache in 1861.On May 4, 1864, soldiers of California Column fought a band of Apache in the Skirmish in Doubtful Canyon, in the canyon near Steins Peak. References Valleys of Arizona Valleys of New Mexico Landforms of Cochise County, Arizona Landforms of Hidalgo County, New Mexico", "title": "Doubtful Canyon" }, { "docid": "28441222", "text": "The Great Osage Trail, also known as the Osage Trace or the Kaw Trace, was one of the more well-known Native American trails through the countryside of what are today called the Midwest and Plains States of the U.S., pathways originally created by herds of buffalo or other migrating wildlife (Medicine Trails). The Osage Indians and other tribes traveled among a variety of routes later named \"Osage Trails\" by European settlers; the famous Route 66 through southern Missouri Ozarks follows the route of one such \"Osage Trail\" and U.S. Route 24 through central Missouri follows the route (from Franklin, Missouri westward) of the \"Great Osage Trail\", which in 1825 became known as the first phase of the Santa Fe Trail, extending from central Missouri (near Franklin and Boonville, Missouri) westward shadowing the route of the Missouri River, then turning southwestward through Independence, Missouri, into Kansas, Colorado, Santa Fe, New Mexico, and \"Old\" Mexico. From an 1881 History of Jackson County, Missouri, \"The Santa Fe trade first began at Old Franklin, a little town on the Missouri River... and continued from this point till the year 1831, when it sprung up at Independence. The town of Independence being a hundred miles further west, and near the great bend of the Missouri River, it was thought to be a more favorable place for fitting out caravans for Mexico, since also the route could be made from Franklin to Independence much better by water than land. At Independence the bulk of the trade continued till about the years 1838-40, when it began at Westport, and subsequently at Westport Landing (now Kansas City)....\" Iroquois Tree of Peace and the Trail On October 24, 1999, Iroquois chieftain Jake Swamp oversaw a ceremonial planting of an Iroquois \"Tree of Peace\" alongside the route of the Great Osage Trail, a few yards south of Lexington Street in Independence, Missouri, on the property of the Community of Christ's Independence Temple and on the site of the Latter-day Saint \"Temple Site\" property claimed and then purchased by Mormon leadership in 1831. A 1979 article in an LDS Church magazine discusses early Latter-day Saint travels along the Boone's Lick Road from St. Louis to Franklin in the central part of the state, then along the Great Osage Trail/Santa Fe Trail from Franklin to Missouri's western border. References External links Extensive resources at the web site \"Santa Fe Trail Research.com\" Santa Fe Trail origins in Osage Indian territory explained at \"Kaw Mission State Historical Site\" website. Generic map of Missouri and its highway system today, at \"Geology.com\" Native American trails in the United States Santa Fe Trail Historic trails and roads in Missouri Pre-statehood history of Missouri Trails and roads in the American Old West Historic trails and roads in New Mexico Historic trails and roads in Kansas Historic trails and roads in Colorado Archeology Pre-Columbian cultures Native American history of Missouri Native American history of New Mexico Native American history of Kansas Native American history of Colorado", "title": "Great Osage Trail" }, { "docid": "32295143", "text": "Hundreds of Ancestral Puebloan dwellings are found across the American Southwest. With almost all constructed well before , these Puebloan towns and villages are located throughout the geography of the Southwest. Many of these dwellings included various defensive positions, like the high steep mesas such as at the ancient Mesa Verde complex or the present-day Acoma \"Sky City\" Pueblo. Earlier than progressing past the 13th century, the population complexes appear to have been major cultural centers for the Pueblo peoples. There were also settlements scattered throughout the region of varying sizes. Cultures Ancestral cultures Ancestral Puebloans spanned Northern Arizona and New Mexico, Southern Colorado and Utah, and a part of Southeastern Nevada. They primarily lived north of the Patayan, Sinagua, Hohokam, Trincheras, Mogollon, and Casas Grandes cultures of the Southwest and south of the Fremont culture of the Great Basin . Contemporary cultures There are 21 federally recognized pueblos in the United States today. Rio Grande pueblos are known as eastern Pueblos; Zuni, Hopi, and sometimes Acoma and Laguna are known as western Pueblos. Geography The dwellings of the Pueblo peoples are located throughout the American Southwest and north central Mexico. The American states of New Mexico, Texas, Colorado, Utah, Nevada, and Arizona all have evidence of Pueblo peoples' dwellings; the Mexican states of Chihuahua and Sonora do as well. Eras Archaeologists have agreed on three main periods of ancient occupation by Pueblo peoples throughout the Southwest called Pueblo I, Pueblo II, and Pueblo III. Pueblo I (). Pueblo buildings were built with stone, windows facing south, and in U, E and L shapes. The buildings were located more closely together and reflected deepening religious celebration. Towers were built near kivas and likely used for look-outs. Pottery became more versatile, not just for cooking, but now included pitchers, ladles, bowls, jars and dishware for food and drink. White pottery with black designs emerged, the pigments coming from plants. Water management and conservation techniques, including the use of reservoirs and silt-retaining dams also emerged during this period. Midway through this period, about , the number of Hovenweep residential sites increased. Pueblo II (). During the Pueblo II period there was an increase in population that resulted in creation of more than 10,000 sites in 150 years. Since much of the land was arid, the people supplemented their diet by hunting, foraging and trading pottery for food. By the end of the period, there were two-story dwellings made primarily of stone masonry, the presence of towers, and family and community kivas. Pueblo III (). Rohn and Ferguson, authors of Puebloan ruins of the Southwest, state that during the Pueblo III period there was a significant community change. Moving in from dispersed farmsteads into community centers at pueblos canyon heads or cliff dwellings on canyon shelves. Population peaked between 1200 and 1250 to more than 20,000 in the Mesa Verde region. By 1300 Ancient Pueblo People abandoned their settlements, as the result of climate changes and food shortage, and moved south to villages", "title": "Ancestral Puebloan dwellings" }, { "docid": "3009503", "text": "Beginning in the 16th century Spain established missions throughout New Spain (consisting of Mexico and portions of what today are the Southwestern United States) in order to facilitate colonization of these lands. History Early Franciscan missions The indigenous peoples of Arizona remained unknown to European explorers until 1540 when Spanish explorer Pedro de Tovar (who was part of the Coronado expedition) encountered the Hopi while searching for the legendary Seven Cities of Gold. Contact with Europeans remained infrequent until three missions were established in 1629 in what is now northeastern Arizona. In 1680, the Pueblo Revolt resulted in the destruction of all three missions, greatly limiting Spanish influence in the region. Subsequent attempts to reestablish the missions in Hopi villages were met with repeated failures. The former mission is still visible today as a ruin. Jesuit missions In the spring of 1687, the Jesuit missionary Eusebio Francisco Kino lived and worked with the Native Americans in the area called the Pimería Alta, or \"Upper Pima Country,\" which presently includes the Mexican state of Sonora and the southern portion of Arizona. During Father Eusebio Kino's stay in the Pimería Alta, he founded over twenty missions in eight mission districts. In Arizona, unlike Mexico, missionization proceeded slowly. Father Kino founded missions San Xavier and San Gabriel at the Piman communities of Bac and Guevavi along the Santa Cruz River. Late Franciscan missions Following the expulsion of the Jesuits in 1767, the Franciscans from the college of Santa Cruz in Querétaro took over responsibility in the Pimería Alta missions. Meanwhile, other Franciscans from the college of San Fernando in Mexico City under the leadership of Junípero Serra, were assigned to replace the Jesuits in the Baja California missions of the lower Las Californias Province. Under the administration of Franciscan friar and explorer Francisco Garcés, three additional missions were established with the goal of establishing a permanent connection between the missions of Las Californias and Pimería Alta. However, following a Quechan raid in 1781 that destroyed two mission near present-day Yuma, the two regions remained isolated. This greatly limited the expansion of Spanish influence throughout the lower Colorado River. Following the Mexican War of Independence and the expulsion of all Spanish-born priests from the region in 1828, the remaining missions were gradually abandoned. Mission San Xavier del Bac was the last mission to be abandoned, with the last priest leaving for Spain in 1837. Missions See also On Spanish Missions in neighboring regions: Spanish missions in California Spanish missions in New Mexico Spanish missions in the Sonoran Desert (including Sonora and southern Arizona) On general missionary history: Catholic Church and the Age of Discovery List of the oldest churches in Mexico On colonial Spanish American history: Spanish colonization of the Americas California mission clash of cultures References External links National Park Service, Kino Missions Arizona Education, Kino Missions New Spain Colonial Mexico Colonial United States (Spanish) Jesuit history in North America History of Catholicism in the United States Spanish colonization of the Americas", "title": "Spanish missions in Arizona" }, { "docid": "33705695", "text": "Agriculture in the Southwest United States is very important economically in that region. Watershed The three main watersheds of the southwest United States are the Colorado River Basin, the Great Basin, and the Rio Grande Basin. The Colorado River Basin includes parts of California, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and Wyoming. The Colorado River is the largest river in the Southwest United States. The Great Basin watershed includes parts of southern California, most of Utah, the northwest half of Nevada, and parts of Oregon and Idaho. The Rio Grande Basin includes most of New Mexico, some of western Texas, and a small portion of Colorado. Almost all of Arizona drains into the Colorado River. Most of New Mexico drains into either the Rio Grande or the Pecos River, its tributary. Other watersheds of New Mexico include the Canadian River in the northeast, the San Juan in the Northwest, and the Gila (tributary of Colorado River) in the southwest. Native vegetation New Mexico New Mexico's mountain ranges support a wide variety of plant life. In the Rocky Mountains, the slopes have forests of Douglas fir, ponderosa pine, and aspen trees at lower elevations. At higher elevations, the forests include Engelmann spruce, firs, Rocky Mountain white pine, and various aspens. Above the timberline of the mountains is alpine tundra. Most other mountain ranges in New Mexico predominantly include ponderosa pine and Douglas firs, yuccas, cacti, and creosote bushes. Arizona On the mountain slopes of Arizona, there are forests of Ponderosa pine, firs, and other evergreen trees. These trees, especially the Ponderosa pine, are the main source of Arizona's commercial timber. At lower elevations, the main natural trees are the pinyon, juniper, and oak. Nevada Nevada has vegetation similar to New Mexico and Arizona in many ways. Desert shrub ecosystems, of which sagebrush makes a huge part, cover nearly 55 million acres of the land. About 14 percent (or 9.2 million acres) of Nevada lies in Pinyon-Juniper forests, and the mountainous regions are covered with coniferous or alpine trees, depending on the altitude. History of agriculture Native Americans have been in the Southwest United States for at least 12,000 years. Although the agricultural practices of ancient Native Americans is largely unknown in the area, it is known that agriculture was widespread by the arrival of the Pueblos by 100 BC at the latest. The Pueblos relied heavily on hunting and fishing for sustenance at first, only growing pumpkins and corn. They stored their food in pits, and lived in either caves or huts made out of wooden poles and clay. Around 500 CE, the Pueblos began growing beans and domesticated the turkey and duck. It was around this time that agriculture became as important a part of survival as hunting and fishing, because they had a slightly more diverse agricultural diet. Once agriculture became more prevalent and useful, the Pueblos began to group together in larger numbers, forming groups of many connected houses, with basements full of stored food. Between 1000 and 1500", "title": "Agriculture in the Southwestern United States" }, { "docid": "8198328", "text": "Abiquiú (, , Tewa: ; Northern Tiwa: ) is a census-designated place in Rio Arriba County, in northern New Mexico in the southwestern United States, about 53 miles (85 km) north of Santa Fe. As of 2010, the population was 231. Abiquiú's one school, an elementary school, is part of the Española Public Schools. Abiquiú means \"wild chokecherry place\" in the Tewa language. It is also called Santo Tomás de Abiquiú and the Pueblo of Santo Tomás de Abiquiú. In the mid-eighteenth century, the Spanish crown provided land grants to genízaros here and in other places to establish buffer towns to defend the frontier from raiding tribes such as the Comanche. Abiquiú was one of the homes of American artist Georgia O'Keeffe from 1929 until 1984. The Georgia O'Keeffe Home and Studio is in Abiquiú. The artist also owned property at the nearby Ghost Ranch. Many of her paintings depict scenes near Abiquiú. History Abiquiú was first settled in 1742 by 24 Tewa Pueblo families led by a Roman Catholic priest, Francisco Delgado. The Tewa returned to New Mexico after a lengthy residence among the Hopi people in what would become Arizona. Their settlement in Abiquiú was part of the strategy by New Mexican colonists to defend its frontiers against marauding indigenous peoples such as the Apache, Comanche, and Navajo. Abiquiú was on the northern border of the Spanish settlements of New Mexico. In 1747, in one of the numerous raids in the area, the Comanche took 23 women and children captive, forcing the temporary abandonment of Abiquiú. The captives probably were sold or traded in the flourishing slave trade between and among the Spanish and the surrounding indigenous nations. In 1754, to deal with the raids and the faltering settlement, New Mexico governor Tomás Vélez Cachupín gave 34 genízaro families a land grant in exchange for them taking a prominent role in frontier defense. Abiquiú was the third such genízaro settlement established in New Mexico, after Belen and Trampas. The genízaros were detribalized Native Americans from various tribes whose origin was typically as war captives, either captured by the Spanish or sold by raiding tribes to the Spanish to work as slaves and servants. Because they had few rights under the casta laws of the Spanish, acceptance of land grants and resettlement on the dangerous frontier of New Mexico was the principal way for genízaros to become landowners. Abiquiú became the archetypal genízaro settlement. Many residents still celebrate their genízaro heritage in the 21st century. In the late 18th century, peace was established between New Mexico and the Comanche and the Ute. An annual trade fair at Abiquiú drew many indigenous people to the town, especially the Utes, who traded deer skins for horses and tools. Also, settlers purchased or redeemed captive children from the native people. Bands of Utes often camped for the winter near Abiquiú. In the 1840s, the peace with the Utes broke down and 1,000 of them came to Abiquiú with a list of grievances", "title": "Abiquiú, New Mexico" }, { "docid": "42995744", "text": "Sidney Randolph DeLong (December 28, 1828 – November 24, 1914) was the first elected mayor of Tucson, Arizona. Elected in 1871 for a one-year term, the municipality formed the township of Tucson with two sections of land purchased from the U.S. government. In 1874 DeLong represented the Tucson area in the 8th Arizona Territorial Legislature. Early years He was born to Mary Huston DeLong of Grand Isle, Vermont, on December 28, 1828, in Beekmantown, New York. His father was from Goshen, Vermont. His parents met and married in Beekmantown where his father was a schoolteacher. His father died in 1832, when DeLong was three years old. He attended elementary school in Upstate New York, high school in Isle La Motte, Vermont. He studied civil engineering at the military academy in Plattsburgh, New York. Upon graduating he assisted in surveying the railroad line from Plattsburgh to Montreal. In 1848 the California Gold Rush started. In 1849 DeLong sailed from New York, around Cape Horn, and arrived in San Francisco, California, in 1850. DeLong settled in Amador County where he worked as a placer miner and taught school. Civil War years After the outbreak of the American Civil War, DeLong enlisted as a private at the Presidio, August 18, 1861. He mustered into Company C, 1st California Infantry August 26. On May 22, 1862, Delong, along with 1,500 California volunteers, 500 being cavalrymen, entered Tucson. Private DeLong was mustered out February 19, 1863, to accept a commission as a 2nd Lieutenant and was transferred to Company B.> He was promoted to 1st Lieutenant May 4, 1864. Lieutenant DeLong was mustered out in New Mexico Territory, October 31, 1864, and re-enlisted that same day to be mustered into Company B, 1st California Veteran Infantry Battalion. Lieutenant DeLong was mustered out in New Mexico Territory July 11, 1866. DeLong served as acting assistant Quartermaster at Fort West, Fort Cummings, and Santa Fe in New Mexico, and Fort Goodwin, and Fort Tucson, in Arizona. Post-military years After mustering out of the army in Santa Fe, DeLong returned to Tucson to work for Estevan Ochoa's freighting and mercantile firm Tully & Ochoa. On March 20, 1880, the Southern Pacific Railroad arrived in Tucson and business for freighting by horse-drawn wagon collapsed. DeLong left Tully & Ochoa to trade at Fort Bowie, and later mined gold in the Dos Cabezas, Arizona. In 1898 DeLong returned to Tucson, moving to 199 Church Street. From 1905 until his death DeLong was Secretary of the Arizona Pioneer Society, except one year when he was Receiver of the United States General Land Office. Sidney R. DeLong died on November 24, 1914, in Tucson, Arizona. Offices Council Member of the 8th Arizona Territorial Legislature (1875) Mayor of Tucson (1871–1872) Civic activities Delong joined the Freemasons in Amador, California in December 1851, and was the oldest member in the state of Arizona when he died. He was Commander of the Tucson post of the Grand Army of the Republic. He was secretary of", "title": "Sidney Randolph DeLong" }, { "docid": "32702796", "text": "The 2010–2013 Southern United States and Mexico drought was a severe to extreme drought that plagued the Southern United States, including parts of Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Florida, and Oklahoma; the Southwestern States, including Kansas, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona; as well as large parts of Mexico, in a three-year pattern from 2010 to 2013. The worst effects were in Texas, which experienced the brunt of the drought and its driest August–July (12-month) period on record from 2010 to 2011. The dry spell in May 2011 was also said to be the worst period of drought in Texas since 1895. The U.S. Drought Monitor reported that Lubbock, Texas, has experienced the nation's worst average level of drought since the beginning of 2011. McAllen, Harlingen, Brownsville and Corpus Christi also ranked among the nine U.S. cities most affected by extreme drought. The drought in Texas caused an estimated $7.62 billion in crop and livestock losses, surpassing the previous record loss of $4.1 billion set in 2006. History The drought began due to a strong La Niña developing by the summer of 2010 which brings below average rainfall to the southern United States. The effects of the La Niña could be noticed immediately as much of the south receives important rainfall during the summer, and this was the driest summer for Texas and Georgia in the 21st century thus far, and much of the south received record low rainfall. Throughout 2011, the drought was confined to the Deep South as the mid-south received flooding due to severe weather and tornadoes. However, the drought continued and intensified in the Deep South as Texas saw 2011 become its second-driest year on record, Oklahoma saw its fourth-driest, and Georgia saw its seventh-driest year on record. The winter of 2011–12 was one of the driest winters on record for the eastern and central United States. In the spring of 2012, the drought made a massive expansion from the Deep South to the Midwest, Mid-south, Great Plains, and Ohio valley. At its peak in August 2012 the drought covered approximately 81% of the United States. Throughout the winter of 2012–13, heavy rain and snow brought relief to the drought in the southern and eastern United States, even causing severe flooding. By March 2013, the eastern United States was drought-free, effectively ending the 2010–13 southern U.S. drought. Drought continued on the Great Plains until 2014. However, drought developed in the western United States in 2013 and still exists today in some areas. Effects The drought caused severe lack of water in the southern plains and Rocky Mountains as well as numerous wildfires, in particular the 2011 Texas wildfires, the Wallow Fire and Horseshoe 2 Fire in Arizona, the Whitewater-Baldy Complex Fire and Little Bear Fire in New Mexico, and the 2012 Colorado wildfires in Colorado. Mexico also saw serious impact from the drought which decimated crops, killed over a million cattle, and stressed local water and food supplies. The drought has been", "title": "2010–2013 Southern United States and Mexico drought" } ]	[ "Gadsden Purchase" ]
train_45929	cant take my eyes off you original singer	[ { "docid": "17840956", "text": "Fabulous is the 15th (and most recent) album by Scottish singer Sheena Easton, released in November 2000. The album charted in the UK at number 185 and contains Euro Hi-NRG cover versions of hit songs from the 1970s and '80s, most of them disco classics. The album also contains two original compositions. The first single released from the album was a cover of \"Giving Up Giving In\", which had originally been a hit for the Three Degrees in 1978. Easton's version was less successful, peaking at number 54 on the UK Singles Chart. A second single was released in 2001, a cover of Donna Summer's 1982 hit \"Love Is in Control\" with double A-side \"Don't Leave Me This Way\" with an accompanying video that was taken from footage of Easton's album launch concert at G-A-Y nightclub in London. However, this too was unsuccessful and shelved indefinitely. In Japan, Fabulous was released in February 2001 and the first single was \"Can't Take My Eyes Off You\" which had originally been recorded by Frankie Valli in the 1960s, though a disco version had been a hit for Boys Town Gang in the early 1980s. The album was packaged differently from the UK version and included two bonus tracks; \"I Need Your Lovin'\" (a cover of the 1980 Teena Marie song) and a remix of \"Can't Take My Eyes Off You\". In Australia, Fabulous was released on 24 February 2001 and Easton was asked to perform songs from the album to close out 2001 Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras ceremonies. Remixes of the singles were produced by Joey Negro, Sleaze Sisters, Sharp Boys, Rob Searle, DJ Soma Grow and Almighty. The album was a commercial failure in the UK, though the album did enjoy mild success in dance clubs in London, Japan, and Australia. The album was only released throughout continental Europe, Japan, Australia, and Argentina. On 9 August 2021, Fabulous was added for streaming on both Apple Music and Spotify in the US market. Track listing \"Don't Leave Me This Way\" (Cary Gilbert, Kenneth Gamble, Leon Huff) (originally by Harold Melvin & the Bluenotes) – 5:25 \"Giving Up, Giving In\" (Giorgio Moroder, Pete Bellotte) (originally by the Three Degrees) – 4:29 \"Love Is in Control\" (Merria Ross, Quincy Jones, Rod Temperton) (originally by Donna Summer) – 5:11 \"That's What Friends Are For\" (Deniece Williams, Fritz Baskett, Lani Groves) (originally by Deniece Williams) – 4:11 \"Never Can Say Goodbye\" (Clifton Davis) (originally by the Jackson 5) – 4:23 \"Best of My Love\" (Al McKay, Maurice White) (originally by the Emotions) – 3:10 \"On My Own\" [Duet with Terry Ronald] (Burt Bacharach, Carole Bayer Sager) (originally by Patti LaBelle & Michael McDonald) – 4:02 \"Can't Take My Eyes Off You\" (Bob Gaudio, Bob Crewe) (originally by Frankie Valli) – 4:16 \"You Never Gave Me the Chance\" (Ian Masterson, Terry Ronald) – 4:19 \"Get Here to Me\" (Ian Masterson, Terry Ronald) – 4:58 Japan bonus tracks \"I Need Your Lovin'\" (originally by Teena Marie)", "title": "Fabulous (album)" }, { "docid": "1093333", "text": "Robert John Gaudio (born November 17, 1942) is an American songwriter, singer, musician, and record producer, and the keyboardist and backing vocalist of the pop/rock band the Four Seasons. Gaudio wrote or co-wrote and produced the vast majority of the band's music, including hits like \"Sherry\" and \"December, 1963 (Oh, What a Night)\", as well as \"Can't Take My Eyes Off You\" for Valli. Though he no longer performs with the group, Gaudio and lead singer Frankie Valli remain co-owners of the Four Seasons brand. Early career Born in the Bronx, New York, Gaudio was raised in Bergenfield, New Jersey, where he attended Bergenfield High School. His mother worked for the publishing house Prentice Hall and his father in a paper factory. He showed an interest in music and studied piano with Sal Mosca. He grew up in more comfortable middle-class surroundings than the other members of the Four Seasons, which caused some tension and differences early on. He was a cerebral person, interested in reading and learning. He stayed out of trouble and had a mild manner, which proved useful during negotiations throughout his career. He rose to musical fame at the age of 15 as a member of The Royal Teens, for whom he co-wrote the hit \"Short Shorts\". In 1958, while he and the group were promoting the single, they met Frankie Valli and his group the Four Lovers as they prepared to perform on a local television program. Wearying of touring, Gaudio left the Royal Teens soon afterward. One year after he ceased touring, Gaudio joined the Four Lovers. While commercial success was elusive, the group was kept busy with session work (with Bob Crewe as the producer), and a string of performances at night clubs and lounges. The Four Seasons Era In 1960, after a failed audition at a bowling establishment in Union Township, called the \"4 Seasons\", songwriter/pianist Gaudio shook hands with lead singer Valli and formed the Four Seasons Partnership, and Gaudio, Valli, Tommy DeVito, and Nick Massi became The Four Seasons. Gaudio wrote the Seasons' first No. 1 hit, \"Sherry\", 15 minutes before a group rehearsal in 1962. With producer Bob Crewe often assisting with lyrics, Gaudio wrote a string of subsequent hits for the Seasons, including \"Big Girls Don't Cry\", \"Walk Like a Man\", \"Dawn (Go Away)\", \"Ronnie\", \"Rag Doll\", \"Save It for Me\", \"Big Man in Town\", \"Bye Bye Baby\", \"Girl Come Running\", \"Beggin'\", and \"Can't Take My Eyes Off You\" (the first big success under Valli's name as a solo performer). Crewe/Gaudio compositions also became major hits for other artists, including the Tremeloes (\"Silence Is Golden\", originally the B-side of the Four Seasons' \"Rag Doll\"), The Osmonds (\"The Proud One\", originally recorded as a Valli solo single) and the Walker Brothers (\"The Sun Ain't Gonna Shine Anymore\", another Valli single). After the Beatles' Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band album was released in June 1967, Gaudio saw the pop music market changing, and sought to position the Four Seasons", "title": "Bob Gaudio" }, { "docid": "20838668", "text": "Uncool is the fifth studio album by recording artist Ron \"Bumblefoot\" Thal released in February 2002. This is his third release under the Bumblefoot name. Uncool was originally released in 2000 only in France. The 2002 release contains two cover songs not included on the French version - \"What's New Pussycat?\" by Burt Bacharach and \"Can't Take My Eyes Off You\" sung by Frankie Valli. Songs excluded from the American release but on the French release were eventually included on Thal's Forgotten Anthology CD released in 2003. Track listing Track listing (French release) Personnel Ron \"Bumblefoot\" Thal - Guitars, vocals Lafrae Olivia Sci - drums on tracks 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7 Sanford Oxenbery - drums on tracks 9, 11 Joe Bergamini - drums on tracks 5, 8, 10 Joe Bedford - drums on \"Can't Take My Eyes Off You\" Frank Rao - bass on tracks 2, 5, 10 Thorndike Applethorple - all other bass tracks Neil Alexander - piano on tracks 2, 10 Ray Porrigsworth - piano on 11 Lea DeMartini - flute on \"Delilah\" Cletus Xalapagous - flute on 7, 8, 11 NJ Brunswick Brass - horns on tracks 10, 12 Herbert Wellington - tuba on \"What's New Pussycat?\" Filbert Murray, Zachary Torme - cellos on \"TJonez\" Callista & Beatrice Beans - violins on \"Ronald's Comin' Back Now\" Ndjiwanta - Nigerian hymn vocals on \"TJonez\" The Wilson Bennett Vocestra - vocal harmonies on tracks 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10 John Pec, Ben Bartlett - backing vocals on \"Can't Take My Eyes Off You\" Anomos - guest lyricist on \"I Hate Me More Than I Love You\" David Horenstein - guest vocalist on \"Can't Take My Eyes Off You\" References 2002 albums Ron \"Bumblefoot\" Thal albums", "title": "Uncool (album)" }, { "docid": "63777423", "text": "Powell Aguirre (born April 10, 2000), known by the stage name Surf Mesa, is an American electronic musician from Seattle. He gained fame for the single \"ILY (I Love You Baby)\" (2019), a song which sampled a cover of Frankie Valli's \"Can't Take My Eyes Off You\" (1967) and gained popularity on TikTok. Biography Aguirre was born in Seattle, and is the son of jazz saxophonist Tony Aguirre. He has been making music since the third grade of elementary school, first learning through FL Studio and production tutorials on YouTube. He began working on the Surf Mesa project in high school, releasing music on SoundCloud. His stage name was chosen based on the Counter-Strike map of the same name. As Aguirre was planning a move to Arizona to study computer science at a technology school, he broke his leg and was bed-bound for three months. During this time, Aguirre was able to focus fully on producing music. Aguirre decided to move to Los Angeles after visiting a girl he was interested in, as he realized the opportunities for musicians in the city. In 2019, Aguirre released his debut single \"Taken Away\" featuring Alexa Danielle, and his debut extended play Bedroom. In November, Aguirre released \"ILY (I Love You Baby)\", a song based on singer Emilee's cover of \"Can't Take My Eyes Off You\". The song gained massive popularity on video platform TikTok, leading to Aguirre being signed by Astralwerks and Universal. By June 2020, the song had become an international hit, reaching the top 10 in Austria, Germany, Switzerland, Scotland, the Netherlands, Malaysia and Singapore, and the top 5 of the Billboard Hot Dance/Electronic Songs chart. In June 2020, Aguirre released an official remix for American electronic musician Marshmello and American singer Halsey's \"Be Kind\". Discography Extended plays Singles Remixes Notes References 2000 births Living people 21st-century American male musicians American electronic musicians American DJs Astralwerks artists Downtempo musicians Musicians from Seattle", "title": "Surf Mesa" }, { "docid": "26199794", "text": "\"Where the Streets Have No Name (I Can't Take My Eyes Off You)\" is a song by English synth-pop duo Pet Shop Boys. The song is a medley of U2's \"Where the Streets Have No Name\" and \"Can't Take My Eyes Off You\", a 1967 song by Frankie Valli, though in an arrangement informed by the 1982 disco version of the song by the Boys Town Gang rather than the original. The song accompanied \"How Can You Expect to Be Taken Seriously?\", the third single from their fourth studio album, Behaviour (1990), as a double A-side in the United Kingdom (both singles were released separately in the United States). Released in March 1991 by Parlophone, the song became the duo's 15th consecutive top-20 entry in the UK, peaking at number four on the UK Singles Chart. Background and content Chris Lowe had the idea for the unusual mashup, realising that \"you could sing the one going into the other\", while recording \"I'm Not Scared\" with Patsy Kensit for her band, Eighth Wonder. Lowe and Neil Tennant then noticed that \"the guitar on U2's record sounded like a sequencer\". The duo intended to record it with Eighth Wonder as a follow-up to \"I'm Not Scared\"; instead, they recorded it themselves several years later, as they \"needed a big hit. It was absolutely shameless.\" Having \"turn[ed] a mythic rock song into a stomping disco record\", the duo considered recording a full EP of hi-NRG covers of rock songs, including \"Stairway to Heaven\". The Pet Shop Boys version differs significantly from that of U2 in its musical arrangement. In contrast to the U2 version's instrumental build-up, the Pet Shop Boys version opens abruptly with synthesized and sampled noises and a drum machine. The musical climax of the song is also changed in other elements; a background vocal sample of \"burning down love\" is played right at the start, and synthesised horns erupt with even higher notes immediately following each chorus. Tennant performs the lyrics with no vocal exertion or stresses, in contrast to Bono's performance. In addition, at the transition between \"Where the Streets Have No Name\" and \"Can't Take My Eyes Off You\", Tennant sings the two lines one after the other, with no change in pitch, demonstrating the similarities in the two songs. The single's other A-side, \"How Can You Expect to Be Taken Seriously?\", criticises the insincere humanitarian messages of a number of pop stars during the 1980s and the institutionalization of rock and roll. The band noted that \"one song is about rock stars so to have a U2 song with it serves as a further comment.\" Reception and legacy Following the release of the single, U2 joked, \"What have we done to deserve this?\" Tennant mentioned to The People in 2002 that he had \"managed at long last to patch things up with Bono\" after meeting him at one of Elton John's homes in the south of France. James Brown from NME said, \"Here they shake out the", "title": "Where the Streets Have No Name (I Can't Take My Eyes Off You)" }, { "docid": "52021623", "text": "Let Me Entertain You is a studio album by French singer Amanda Lear, released in May 2016 by the independent label Boomlover. Background The album was recorded at Studio Richer in Paris from September 2015 to February 2016. Stylistically, it is a diverse collection of ballads and uptempo pop/dance tracks. It includes some new material written by Lear herself and her collaborators Gaël Brusseleers and Bob Landser, alongside the re-recordings of her 70s hits \"Follow Me\" and \"Fashion Pack\" as well as cover versions of Charlie Chaplin's \"Smile\", Frankie Valli's \"Can't Take My Eyes Off You\" and the Village People's \"Macho Man\", among others. The physical edition came with a DVD of Amanda performing selected songs from the album. Lear announced the album's release date on her social media in March 2016. The Italian ballad \"Prima del tuo cuore\" recorded with Gianluca De Rubertis (with whom Lear had collaborated on the song \"Mai più\" the previous year) was released as the lead single in late April 2016. The second single was \"The Best Is Yet to Come\", released shortly before the album in May 2016. \"Catwalk\" was chosen as the third single, released in early 2017, accompanied by multiple remixes. The album was a minor chart success in Italy and France. Track listing Physical edition CD \"Let Me Entertain You\" (Jule Styne, Stephen Sondheim) – 2:59 \"Good to Be Bad\" (Ken Lowe, Claire Dewey) – 3:36 \"Si tu savais ma belle\" (Alain Largouadette) – 3:14 \"Couleurs\" (Gael Brusseleers, Bob Landser, Amanda Lear) – 3:01 \"Mad About the Boy\" (Noël Coward) – 2:36 \"La Rumeur\" (Stéphane Corbin, Alexis Michalik) – 2:51 \"Moi je t'aime aujourd'hui\" (Gael Brusseleers, Bob Landser, Amanda Lear) – 2:43 \"The Best Is Yet to Come\" (Gael Brusseleers, Bob Landser, Amanda Lear) – 3:45 \"Catwalk (A Model)\" (Gael Brusseleers, Bob Landser, Amanda Lear) – 3:32 \"Fashion Pack\" (Anthony Monn, Amanda Lear) – 4:23 \"Can't Take My Eyes Off You\" (Bob Crewe, Bob Gaudio) – 3:39 \"Macho Man\" (Jacques Morali, Henri Belolo, Victor Willis, Peter Whitehead) – 3:27 \"Follow Me\" (Anthony Monn, Amanda Lear) – 4:07 \"The Actress\" (Gael Brusseleers, Bob Landser, Amanda Lear) – 3:17 \"Prima del tuo cuore\" (feat. Gianluca De Rubertis) (Gianluca de Rubertis) – 3:07 \"La Belle Vie\" (Sacha Distel, Jean Broussolle) – 2:00 \"For Me Formidable\" (Jacques Plante, Charles Aznavour) – 2:22 \"Smile\" (Charlie Chaplin, Geoffrey Parsons, John Turner) – 3:18 DVD \"Let Me Entertain You\" \"Good to Be Bad\" \"Si tu savais ma belle\" \"Couleurs\" \"Mad About the Boy\" \"La Rumeur\" \"Can't Take My Eyes Off You\" \"Catwalk (A Model)\" \"For Me Formidable\" \"Fashion Pack\" \"Smile\" \"The Best Is Yet to Come\" Digital edition \"Let Me Entertain You\" (Jule Styne, Stephen Sondheim) – 2:59 \"Good to Be Bad\" (Ken Lowe, Claire Dewey) – 3:36 \"Si tu savais ma belle\" (Alain Largouadette) – 3:14 \"Couleurs\" (Gael Brusseleers, Bob Landser, Amanda Lear) – 3:01 \"Mad About the Boy\" (Noël Coward) – 2:36 \"Moi je t'aime aujourd'hui\" (Gael Brusseleers, Bob Landser, Amanda Lear) – 2:43 \"The", "title": "Let Me Entertain You (Amanda Lear album)" }, { "docid": "36482965", "text": "Filipino singer-songwriter Martin Nievera has released 28 studio albums, 10 compilation albums, 2 live albums, 2 extended plays (EPs) and thirty-three singles. Albums Studio albums Live albums Extended plays Compilation albums Box sets Songs Original songs (in alphabetical order, as solo artist) \"A Brand New Christmas\" \"Buhay Mo, Buhay Ko\" (inspirational song and tribute to Coronavirus pandemic in the Philippines) \"Christmas Won't Be the Same Without You\" (also covered by Pops Fernandez, Sarah Geronimo, Lani Misalucha & Richard Poon) \"Each Day with You\" (covered by Nyoy Volante) \"Forever (duet with Regine Velasquez, also covered by Passage Band) \"Giliw\" \"Hanggang Kailan\" \"How Can I\" \"I'll Be There for You\" (also covered by Aiza Seguerra, Juris Fernandez and Jake Zyrus) \"Ikaw ang Aking Pangarap\" \"Ikaw ang Lahat sa Akin\" (also covered by Gary Valenciano) \"Ikaw Lamang\" (theme from ABS-CBN TV series Nasaan Ka Elisa) \"It's Christmas Time\" \"On the Right Track\" \"Pag Uwi\" (Grand Prize Winner, 2001 Metro Pop Song Festival) \"Pain\" (Grand Prize Winner, 1983 Metro Pop Song Festival; also covered by Lea Salonga) \"Paradise\" \"Please Don't Throw My Love Away\" \"You Are My Life\" (English version of \"Buhay Mo, Buhay Ko\") \"You Are My Song\" (also covered by Regine Velasquez) \"You Are to Me\" Cover versions \"Be My Lady\" (originally by Pedritto Montaire; also covered by Matt Monroe Sr., Marco Sison and Jason Dy) \"Say That You Love Me\" (originally by Basil Valdez) \"Kahit Isang Saglit\" (originally by Vernie Varga) \"Ikaw\" (originally by Sharon Cuneta) \"Because of You\" (originally by Keith Martin; also covered by Jed Madela, Gary Valenciano, Kyla and Paolo Santos) \"We Are the Reason\" (also covered by Gary Valenciano) \"Now and Forever\" (originally by Richard Marx) \"Come What May\" (originally by Air Supply; also covered by Sharon Cuneta) \"Maybe This Time\" (originally by Michael Martin Murphy) \"On the Wings of Love\" (originally by Jeffrey Osborne) \"Everything I Do (I Do It For You)\" (originally by Bryan Adams) \"You're My Everything\" (originally by Santa Esmeralda) \"Forever\" (originally by Kenny Loggins) \"When I Met You\" (originally by APO Hiking Society) \"Ikaw Lang ang Mamahalin\" (originally by Joey Albert; also covered by Joey Generoso and Lani Misalucha) \"Closer You and I\" (originally by Gino Padilla) \"Somewhere Down the Road\" (originally by Barry Manilow) \"Goodbye Girl\" (originally by David Gates) \"Right Here Waiting\" (originally by Richard Marx; also covered by Sarah Geronimo) \"Just Once\" (originally by James Ingram; also covered by Jaya Ramsey) \"Only Selfless Love 2\" (also covered by Jamie Rivera, Jerome John Hughes and Karylle) \"Narito\" (originally by Gary Valenciano) \"Iisa Pa Lamang\" (originally by Joey Albert; also covered by Erik Santos and Gabby Concepcion) \"Kung Ako Na Lang Sana\" (originally by Bituin Escalante; also covered by Sharon Cuneta) \"Before I Let You Go\" (originally by Freestyle) \"Can't Take My Eyes Off You\" (originally by Frankie Valli) \"Of All the Things\" (originally by Dennis Lambert; also covered by Regine Velasquez) \"The Search Is Over\" (originally by Survivor; also covered by Rachelle Ann Go and Jed Madela) \"Babalik Kang Muli\"", "title": "Martin Nievera discography" }, { "docid": "69020173", "text": "Mary Wilson: The Motown Anthology is a two disc collection of music, spanning the career of singer Mary Wilson of the American musical group the Supremes. The compilation compiles some of Mary’s leads for the Supremes and their original group The Primettes, and includes the CD debut of her Motown solo album, with a total of seven unreleased tracks and 13 unreleased mixes or alternate takes. Background In a message to fans via YouTube recorded two days before her death in February 2021, Wilson shared the news: \"I finally decided how to work with Universal Records and they are going to release new Mary Wilson recordings. Yes! At last! At last.\" In October 2021, Real Gone Music in partnership with Second Disc Records announced a physical compilation entitled Mary Wilson: The Motown Anthology. It included the original Mary Wilson LP (available for the first time on compact disc), including a track entitled \"Anytime at All\", which is an early version of the single \"Red Hot\". The Anthology features a total of thirty eight tracks, highlighting Wilson's career from the Primettes, to the Supremes, to a solo artist, to her final single, \"Why Can't We All Get Along\". Track listing Disc One The Supremes: \"Pretty Baby\" \"Baby Don't Go\" (Alternate Mix) () \"The Tears\" (Alternate Mix) \"Our Day Will Come\" - (Alternate Mix) () \"Come and Get These Memories\" - (Alternate Mix) \"Can't Take My Eyes Off You\" (Frankie Valli cover) - (Live at the Frontier - January 13, 1970) () \"Falling In Love With Love\" (Live at the Frontier - January 13, 1970) () \"Send Him to Me\" () \"If You Let Me Baby\" () \"Son of a Preacher Man\" () \"Witchi Tai To\" () \"Touch\" (Alternate Mix) () \"Floy Joy\" (Alternate Mix) () \"Automatically Sunshine\" (Alternate Mix) () \"I Keep It Hid\" (Alternate Vocal and Mix) () \"Can We Love Again\" (Alternate Mix) \"Early Morning Love\" (Alternate Vocal and Mix) () \"You Turn Me Around\" (Alternate Mix) () \"You're What's Missing in My Life\" (Alternate Version) \"Don't Let My Teardrops Bother You\" (Alternate Vocal and Mix) (*) \"Til the Boat Sails Away\" (Alternate Vocal and Mix) () \"I Don't Want To Lose You\" (Alternate Vocal and Mix) () Disc Two The Supremes: \"We Should Be Closer Together\" (Alternate Vocal and Mix) () \"You Are the Heart of Me\" (Alternate Vocal and Mix) () Mary Wilson: \"Anytime at All\" (early version of \"Red Hot\") () \"Red Hot\" (#) \"I've Got What You Need\" (#) \"You Make Me Feel So Good\" (#) \"(I Love a) Warm Summer Night\" (#) \"Pick Up the Pieces\" (#) \"You're the Light That Guides My Way\" (#) \"Midnight Dancer\" (#) \"Save Me\" (#) \"Love Talk\" (#) \"Green River\" (#) \"You Danced My Heart Around the Stars\" \"Why Can't We All Get Along\" (LP Version) (*) \"Red Hot\" (Eric Kupper Remix) (#) () previously unreleased mix () previously unreleased track (*) previously unreleased vocal and mix (#) previously unreleased on CD Personnel Florence Ballard - background vocals", "title": "Mary Wilson: The Motown Anthology" }, { "docid": "13191013", "text": "Alessandro Carmelo \"Teddy\" Randazzo (May 13, 1935 – November 21, 2003) was an American pop songwriter, singer, arranger and producer, who composed hit songs such as \"Goin' Out of My Head\", \"It's Gonna Take a Miracle\", \"Pretty Blue Eyes\", and \"Hurt So Bad\" in the 1960s. Early years He was born in Brooklyn, New York, New York, United States. In the early years of rock and roll, Randazzo played accordion with a group called The Three Chuckles, and appeared on The Ed Sullivan Show numerous times. Their first hit \"Runaround\", was a top 20 hit in 1954. The following year, he became the group's lead singer, and sang on their hits \"Times Two, I Love You\" and \"And the Angels Sing\". The records' success brought him to the attention of disc jockey Alan Freed, who featured him in the movie Rock, Rock, Rock. As a solo artist, he had three singles that made the Billboard Hot 100: \"Little Serenade\" (number 66) in 1958, \"The Way of a Clown\" (number 44) in 1960, and \"Big Wide World\" (number 51) in 1963. He co-starred in rock revues staged by Freed, appearing with such artists as Chuck Berry and LaVern Baker. He also had roles in such rock films as Hey, Let's Twist!, The Girl Can't Help It, Rock, Rock, Rock and Mister Rock and Roll in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Hit-making years Randazzo wrote a string of major hits for other artists with composing partner, Bobby Weinstein, including \"Pretty Blue Eyes\", a top ten hit for Steve Lawrence in the US and Craig Douglas in the UK in 1959. He wrote many songs for Little Anthony and the Imperials, producing and arranging several albums for the group in the mid-1960s. The hit songs included \"Goin' Out of My Head\" (1964, number 6 Pop, number 22 R&B), which was subsequently recorded by numerous artists including the Zombies; \"Hurt So Bad\" (1965, number 10 Pop, number 3 R&B), which was recorded four years later by the Lettermen (number 12 in 1969), and then by Linda Ronstadt who took it to number 8 in 1980; and the Imperials' Top 20 hits, \"I'm On The Outside (Looking In)\" and \"Take Me Back\". The Lettermen combined \"Goin' Out of My Head\" with Frankie Valli's hit, \"Can't Take My Eyes Off You\" in a medley which reached number 7 in 1968. Randazzo also wrote Little Anthony and the Imperials' \"Yesterday Has Gone\", which was recorded by UK band Cupid's Inspiration in 1968, and climbed to number 4 in the UK Singles Chart; the song was also recorded in 1996 by Marc Almond and P. J. Proby. He arranged and produced two albums on MGM Records with Baltimore girl group the Royalettes, including the Top 50 hit \"It's Gonna Take a Miracle\" in 1965. He gave the group a big production sound with a full orchestra (compared to sparser instrumentation for Little Anthony recordings), but the group failed to achieve a major commercial success. Laura Nyro, teaming", "title": "Teddy Randazzo" }, { "docid": "182456", "text": "Francesco Stephen Castelluccio (born May 3, 1934), better known by his stage name Frankie Valli, is an American singer, best known as the frontman of the Four Seasons beginning in 1960. He is known for his unusually powerful lead falsetto voice. Valli scored 29 top 40 hits with the Four Seasons, one top 40 hit under the Four Seasons alias the Wonder Who?, and nine top 40 hits as a solo artist. As a member of the Four Seasons, Valli's number-one hits include \"Sherry\" (1962), \"Big Girls Don't Cry\" (1962), \"Walk Like a Man\" (1963), \"Rag Doll\" (1964) and \"December, 1963 (Oh, What a Night)\" (1975). Valli's recording of the song \"Can't Take My Eyes Off You\" reached number two in 1967. As a solo artist, Valli scored number-one hits with the songs \"My Eyes Adored You\" (1974) and \"Grease\" (1978). Valli, Tommy DeVito, Nick Massi and Bob Gaudio—the original members of the Four Seasons—were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1990 and the Vocal Group Hall of Fame in 1999. Valli is also a 2010 inductee of the New Jersey Hall of Fame, with the Four Seasons (Gaudio, Massi, DeVito and Joe Long) inducted separately in 2017 and Valli speaking on Massi's behalf. Early life Valli was born Francesco Stephen Castelluccio on May 3, 1934 to an Italian family in the First Ward of Newark, New Jersey; he was the eldest of three sons. His father, Anthony Castelluccio, was a barber and display designer for Lionel model trains; his mother, Mary Rinaldi, was a homemaker and beer company employee. He was inspired to take up a singing career at age seven after his mother took him to see Frank Sinatra at the Paramount Theater in New York City. One of his early favorite singers was \"Texas\" Jean Valli, from whom he took his stage name. He worked as a barber until he could support himself with music. Valli's birth year has been called into question. He never addressed the issue himself until a 2007 posting at the Official Frankie Valli Site, sponsored by his record label Universal Records. Much of his previous official publicity used 1937 as his birth year. Other sources gave his year of birth as 1934, such as the Bear Family Records release The Four Lovers (BCD 15424) and a 1965 mug shot, available through The Smoking Gun. Music career Valli began his singing career in the early 1950s with the Variety Trio (Nickie DeVito, Tommy DeVito, and Henry \"Hank\" Majewski), and was mentored in much of his early career by Nick Macioci, who would later join Valli in The Four Seasons, and by \"Texas\" Jean Valli, a female hillbilly singer, from whom he adopted the \"Valli\" surname. Geoff Herbert explains, \"Frankie said in 2010 that Jean took him to meet music publishers Paul and Dave Kapp, telling them he was her brother. As a result, his first single was listed under 'Frankie Valley', and the name stuck—though he eventually changed it", "title": "Frankie Valli" }, { "docid": "63777336", "text": "\"ILY (I Love You Baby)\" (stylized in all lowercase), originally titled \"ILY\", is a song by American producer Surf Mesa featuring vocals by Emilee Flood, from the 2021 EP Another Life. It was first released on November 26, 2019. When the song was re-released through Astralwerks and Universal in February 2020, it started gaining popularity through user-generated clips on the app TikTok. The song has since topped the Romanian Airplay 100 chart. It further reached the top 10 in Austria, Germany, the Netherlands, Slovakia and Switzerland, as well as the top 40 in Australia, Belgium (Flanders and Wallonia), the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France, Ireland, Lithuania, New Zealand, and Norway. The song is a basic rendition of the chorus from the 1967 song \"Can't Take My Eyes Off You\" by Frankie Valli. Background and composition Originally just titled \"ILY\", the song was renamed as \"ILY (I Love You Baby)\" to make it easier for people to find the song. ILY is a remix of the chorus from the Frankie Valli song, \"Can't Take My Eyes Off You\". Mike Wass of Idolator described the song as a \"chorus on a loop over a dreamy synth-scape that falls somewhere between Petit Biscuit and Kasbo\" and praised it as \"the perfect soundtrack to any blissed-out moment\". Hits Daily Double called the song \"the heating-up club banger\" version of the original. In 2021, it was re-released digitally on the EP version of Another Life on streaming platforms. Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts Certifications See also List of Airplay 100 number ones of the 2020s References 2019 songs 2019 singles Number-one singles in Romania Astralwerks singles Universal Music Group singles Songs written by Bob Crewe Songs written by Bob Gaudio", "title": "ILY (I Love You Baby)" }, { "docid": "32124742", "text": "Arthur Bruce Schroeck (born October 10, 1938) is an American musician, best known for arranging and composing popular songs and jingles. He has won multiple Clio Awards, such as when he composed the music for the 1981 ABC-TV promo \"Now is the time, ABC is the place\". He also composed (with Frank Gari) the 1982 promo \"Come on along with ABC\". He arranged the classic \"Can't Take My Eyes Off You\" in 1967 for Frankie Valli and has written or arranged music for multiple other artists including Liza Minnelli, Sammy Davis Jr. and Frank Sinatra. In the 1990s, he was a regular performer at Harrah's in Atlantic City with his wife, singer Linda November, and in 1997, he wrote, arranged, and produced a tribute to bandleader Spike Jones. As of 2011, he continues to perform in Las Vegas. Biography Schroeck was born in Irvington, New Jersey, the youngest of four boys: John, William, Harold, and Arthur. The entire family was very musical, and Schroeck began playing drums and piano at the age of 3, soon joining his brother Harold to perform at local functions in the North Jersey area, with the boys singing and tap dancing. When Schroeck was 8, he was noticed by jazz drummer Gene Krupa when the boys were performing in Atlantic City, and Krupa incorporated the boys' work into his own band, as well as that of jazz trumpeter Louis Prima. Harold eventually left the act at the age of 24 to raise his own family, but Artie continued with his music, and also began arranging songs for the bands that he was working with. In Las Vegas, Schroeck ran into jazz musician Lionel Hampton while they were both in a piano store and they started an impromptu jam session. Hampton immediately invited Schroeck to join his own band, where Schroeck remained for the next two years, before leaving to become a professional music arranger at a recording studio. He worked with Neil Diamond, the Lovin' Spoonful, Paul Anka, and Frankie Valli and the Four Seasons, for whom he arranged \"I've Got You Under My Skin\" and \"Can't Take My Eyes Off You\". Schroeck also began writing music at this point in his career, such as 1983's \"Here's to the Band\" for Frank Sinatra, written with Alfred Nittoli and Sharman Howe. In the 1980s and '90s, Schroeck could often be found performing in Atlantic City, such as at the Harrah's Atrium Lounge with Linda November. A regular who would come to visit whenever she was in town was Liza Minnelli. Schroeck and November had met in the late 1960s while working together on musical projects, but had both been married to other people at the time. In 1988, they became a couple, and they married in 1996. In 1997, the couple directed a production saluting band leader Spike Jones, \"The New City Slickers Present a Tribute to Spike Jones\", which Schroeck wrote, arranged, and produced. His brother Harold was also one of the performers in the", "title": "Artie Schroeck" } ]	[ { "docid": "15625822", "text": "Adam's Rib is the second album by Juno-Award-winning Canadian singer-songwriter Melanie Doane. It was first released on September 28, 1998, in Canada on Sony Music Entertainment, and subsequently on Columbia Records on August 24, 1999, in the United States. The album was produced by Rick Neigher. Track listing \"Adam's Rib\" (Melanie Doane, Rick Neigher) – 3:37 \"Happy Homemaker\" (Melanie Doane, Rick Neigher) – 3:51 \"There Is No Beautiful\" (Melanie Doane, Rick Neigher) – 3:37 \"Absolutely Happy\" (Melanie Doane, David Martin) – 3:27 \"Goliath\" (Melanie Doane, Rick Neigher) – 3:51 \"I Can't Take My Eyes Off You\" (Melanie Doane, Kevin Fox) – 3:56 \"Waiting for the Tide\" (Melanie Doane, Rick Neigher) – 4:09 \"How You Cried\" (Melanie Doane) – 4:26 \"The Space Between Us\" (Melanie Doane, Creighton Doane, Steve Mayoff) – 5:04 \"Mel's Rock Pile\" (Traditional, Melanie Doane, Rick Neigher) – 3:27 \"Good Gifts\" (Melanie Doane) – 3:04 \"Sweet Sorrow\" (Melanie Doane, David Martin) – 4:04 Song placements Brothers and Sisters – \"Good Gifts\" Buffy The Vampire Slayer – \"I Can't Take My Eyes Off You\" Party of Five – \"Absolutely Happy\", \"Waiting For The Tide\" That's Life – \"I Can't Take My Eyes Off You\" Baywatch Hawaii – \"I Can't Take My Eyes Off You\" Resurrection Blvd – \"Absolutely Happy\", \"Waiting For The Tide\", \"I Can't Take My Eyes Off You\", \"How You Cried\", \"Good Gifts\" Personnel All information is taken from the liner notes on the CD and from the album review on ARTISTdirect. Melanie Doane – vocals, mandolin, violin, piano, bass, programming, background vocals, loops, main performer, arranger Rick Neigher – acoustic guitar, bass, arranger, electric guitar, background vocals, engineer, producer Tim Pierce – acoustic guitar, electric guitar, Boomerang guitar John Shanks – acoustic guitar, electric guitar, E-bow, bass Tommy Emmanuel – acoustic guitar Kevin Savigar – cello, Wurlitzer piano, Hammond B-3 organ, keyboards, Fender Rhodes piano David Raven – drums Alex Neigher – drums Debra Dobkin – percussion Howard Willing – assistant engineer Kevin Breit – acoustic guitar Jim Hanson – bass Gail Marowitz – art direction, design Al Lay – assistant engineer Michael Daks – photography Mike Roth – A&R Greg Calbi – mastering Marc DeSisto – engineer, mixing Kevin Dean – assistant engineer Erik Gloege – production coordination Release history References 1998 albums Melanie Doane albums", "title": "Adam's Rib (album)" }, { "docid": "11868404", "text": "The Boys Town Gang were a post-disco and hi-NRG band from San Francisco, California. Their popularity peaked in the 1980s when the group reached No. 1 in the Netherlands, Belgium and Spain as well as No. 4 in the UK with their cover of \"Can't Take My Eyes Off You\". History In 1980, DJ Bill Motley saw an opportunity to form a disco group that catered to San Francisco's large gay clientele. In his search to form a group, he auditioned hundreds of vocalists, both male and female. Local cabaret singer Cynthia Manley captured the lead spot. The idea was originally for one 12\" single with two tracks of high energy disco music. Motley, a Diana Ross fan, picked two Ashford & Simpson songs to form a medley for the A-side track. For the B-side track, he wrote a disco drama in four acts. A private record label was founded to release the two songs. When \"Remember Me\"/\"Ain't No Mountain High Enough\" was released, the song took off with Manley's vocals propelling the song to the top of the club charts. The four-act explicit \"Cruisin' the Streets\" was a snapshot of San Francisco's South of Market District - Ringold Alley at sundown. Manley departed after the release of these two records, and Jackson Moore took over lead-vocal responsibilities in 1981 for the group's second LP Disc Charge, which contained three pop charting disco cuts: \"Can't Take My Eyes Off You\" (which was performed on Top of the Pops in 1982), \"Signed, Sealed, Delivered (I'm Yours)\" and \"Come and Get Your Love\". The group's last LP, A Cast of Thousands brought in fellow disco artists such as Debbie Jacobs, Two Tons O' Fun, Sylvester, Margaret Reynolds (KC and the Sunshine Band), and Marlena Shaw. With one more overseas hit, the group disbanded, and Jackson Moore took on a short-lived solo career until the decade came to a close. Band members On the records \"Remember Me\"/\"Ain't No Mountain High Enough\" and \"Cruisin' the Streets\", Cynthia Manley provided lead vocals with Robin Charin, Don Wood, Phill Manganello, Tom Morley, and Keith Stewart providing back-up vocals. From the 1981 album Disc Charge, Jackson Moore was lead singer with Tom Morley and Bruce Carlton as back-up. Discography Albums 1981: Cruisin' the Streets 1982: Disc Charge 1984: A Cast of Thousands Singles See also One-hit wonders in the UK References External links High Fashion Music Boys Town Gang discography American disco musicians American disco groups American hi-NRG groups Fantasy Records artists", "title": "Boys Town Gang" }, { "docid": "18953735", "text": "\"Pomona\" is a folksong originating from Manchester. It has many similarities with a song called Lamorna, which is popular in Cornwall. \"Pomona\" refers to the Pomona Gardens (named after the Roman goddess Pomona) which were in Cornbrook, Hulme; the site was later used to build Pomona Docks. Lyrics Down to Pomona Now I'm going to sing, A nice young lady fair, I met some time ago, At the corner of Albert Square. She had a lovely jet black eye, I thought I should like to own her, For in a voice so sweet she asked of me The way down to Pomona. We met in Albert Square, And I never shall forget, Her eyes they shone like stars, Thought the evening it was wet. The hair it hung in curls. Of this lovely little Donah, As we drove that night in great delight, Away down to Pomona. My heart beat like a drum, As I answered her with pride, Yes, and if you have no objections, I will take you there beside. She blushed and answered yes, The I fell in love all over, For a cab I sent and off we went, Away down to Pomona. We'd scarce got in the cab, When she asked me for my name, I gave it to her then, And asked of her the same. When she lifted up the fall, Which her face had covered over, Upon my life she was my wife, I was taking down to Pomona. She said sir you know me now, that we're not in the dark, I said, yes love, before now, But I thought I would have a lark, Then for your larking you shall pay, And forgetting your lovely Donah, You shall have it to say, you had to pay, For your wife into Pomona. References Music in Manchester", "title": "Pomona (folksong)" }, { "docid": "16773597", "text": "\"Dreaming With My Eyes Open\" is a song written by Tony Arata and recorded by American country music singer Clay Walker. It was released on May 27, 1994 as the fourth and final single from his self-titled debut album, and was featured in the soundtrack to the film The Thing Called Love. The song reached the top of the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) chart. Background During an interview, Walker stated, \"On my very first CD there was a song called \"Dreaming with My Eyes Open\"—an up-tempo, fast-beat song. I almost considered not recording it. It didn't strike me as a song I could sing great, but my producer talked me into it. It became one of the most played songs of that year, and today, every time I sing it, it gets more and more special to me. It says I'm going to do my dreaming with my eyes wide open. That's what we all have to do with MS. Dreaming with eyes open is a vision. When you close 'em, it's just a dream.\" Critical reception Larry Flick of Billboard wrote \"Walker has played a hell of a good game at radio, and urged along by a relentless rhythm track, he hits this one right out of the park. It'll take a few more innings to know for sure, but with the right coaching Walker could become the next country music MVP.\" Tara Seetharam of Country Universe listed \"Dreaming with My Eyes Open\" as the 392nd best country single of the 1990s and wrote, \"His infectious pledge to live in the moment is as effective as country’s finest inspirational ballads because it’s firmly grounded in reality.\" Music video The music video was directed by Michael Merriman, and premiered in mid-1994. It features Walker playing outside a BBQ restaurant south of Austin, Texas near a dirt road waiting for a ride. Eventually a woman in a pickup truck picks him up and they drive down rural roads. They reach a farm where they are goofing off together while Walker plays guitar for the woman. Charts The song debuted at No. 51 on the Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart dated June 11, 1994. It charted for 20 weeks on that chart, reaching number one on the chart dated August 27, 1994, marking Walker's third number-one single. Weekly charts Year-end charts References Songs about dreams 1994 singles 1993 songs Clay Walker songs Songs written by Tony Arata Song recordings produced by James Stroud Giant Records (Warner) singles", "title": "Dreaming with My Eyes Open" }, { "docid": "54612813", "text": "The Essential Andy Williams is a compilation album by American pop singer Andy Williams that was released in the UK by Sony Music Entertainment in 2002. The label also released a two-CD compilation with the same title in the U.S. & Australia in 2013 that had a different cover photo and contained 36 tracks. The lead track from the UK compilation, a new recording of \"Can't Take My Eyes Off You\" performed with Denise van Outen, was released as a single in the UK and debuted the week of June 29, 2002, on the UK singles chart, where it reached number 23 over the course of seven weeks. This compilation first appeared on the UK album chart on July 6 of that year and remained there for four weeks, peaking at number 32. On July 22, 2013, the British Phonographic Industry awarded the album with Gold certification for sales of 100,000 units. Track listing \"Can't Take My Eyes Off You\" (Bob Crewe, Bob Gaudio) – 3:43 \"Music to Watch Girls By\" (Tony Velona, Sid Ramin) – 2:38 \"Aquarius/Let the Sunshine In\" (Galt MacDermot, James Rado, Gerome Ragni) – 3:51 \"Up, Up and Away\" (Jimmy Webb) – 2:36 \"Happy Heart\" (James Last, Jackie Rae) – 3:15 \"The Look of Love\" (Burt Bacharach, Hal David) – 2:55 \"Moon River\" (Henry Mancini, Johnny Mercer) – 2:46 \"Spooky\" (Buddy Buie, James B. Cobb Jr., Harry Middlebrooks, Mike Shapiro) – 3:18 \"Can't Get Used to Losing You\" (Jerome \"Doc\" Pomus, Mort Shuman) – 2:25 \"It's So Easy\" (Dor Lee, Dave Watkins) – 2:29 \"House of Bamboo\" (William Crompton, Norman Murrells) – 2:06 \"Here Comes That Rainy Day Feeling Again\" (Roger Cook, Roger Greenaway, Tony Macaulay) – 2:33 \"Speak Softly Love (Love Theme from 'The Godfather')\" (Larry Kusik, Nino Rota) – 3:05 \"Born Free\" (Don Black, John Barry) – 2:27 \"Danny Boy\" (Frederick Edward Weatherly) – 2:56 \"Almost There\" (Jerry Keller, Gloria Shayne) – 2:59 \"We've Only Just Begun\" (Roger Nichols, Paul Williams) – 3:15 \"One Day of Your Life\" (Howard Greenfield, Neil Sedaka) – 2:30 \"I Think I Love You\" (Tony Romeo) – 2:42 \"Home Lovin' Man\" (Roger Cook, Roger Greenaway, Tony Macaulay) – 3:10 \"(Where Do I Begin) Love Story\" (Francis Lai, Carl Sigman) – 3:10 \"Somethin' Stupid\" (C. Carson Parks) – 2:59 \"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head\" (Bacharach, David) – 3:11 \"Can't Take My Eyes Off You\" (Crewe, Gaudio) – 3:15 References 2002 compilation albums Andy Williams compilation albums", "title": "The Essential Andy Williams" }, { "docid": "58930664", "text": "Hurt So Bad is a 1969 studio album by Nancy Wilson, featuring arrangements by Jimmy Jones, Billy May, Oliver Nelson, and others. The album entered the Billboard Top 200 Chart on November 8, 1969, and remained for 18 weeks, peaking at #92 in January 1970. Jason Ankeny at AllMusic says Hurt So Bad has \"a soulful, vibrant sound inspired by mainstream pop and R&B,\" and that the material ranges from \"a subtly funky rendition of 'Willie and Laura Mae Jones' to a poignant 'You're All I Need to Get By' to a dynamic 'Spinning Wheel.'\" He notes the \"hodgepodge of arrangers\" but says the album \"is a surprisingly cohesive listen.\" Track listing Side 1 \"Willie and Laura Mae Jones\" (Tony Joe White) – 2:47 \"Let's Make the Most of a Beautiful Thing\" (Jacques Wilson, Mike Corda) – 2:40 \"You're All I Need to Get By\" (Nickolas Ashford, Valerie Simpson) – 2:20 \"Can't Take My Eyes Off You\" (Bob Crewe, Bob Gaudio) – 3:21 \"Hurt So Bad\" (Teddy Randazzo, Bobby Weinstein, Bobby Hart) – 3:00 Side 2 \"Spinning Wheel\" (David Clayton-Thomas) – 2:38 \"Do You Know Why\" (Jimmy Van Heusen, Johnny Burke) – 2:39 \"Come Back to Me\" (Burton Lane, Alan Jay Lerner) – 2:35 \"Ages Ago\" (Paul Francis Webster, Ronnell Bright) – 2:23 \"One Soft Night\" (Anthony Curtis, Lonnie Tolbert) – 2:36 Personnel Nancy Wilson – vocals Jimmy Jones – piano, arranger (\"Can't Take My Eyes Off You,\" \"Spinning Wheel,\" \"Come Back to Me,\" \"One Soft Night\") Phil Wright – arranger (\"Willie and Laura Mae Jones,\" \"You're All I Need to Get By,\" \"Hurt So Bad\") Oliver Nelson – arranger (\"Let's Make the Most of a Beautiful Thing\") Billy May – arranger (\"Do You Know Why\") Sid Feller – arranger (\"Ages Ago\") David Cavanaugh – producer References 1969 albums Nancy Wilson (jazz singer) albums Albums produced by Dave Cavanaugh Albums arranged by Oliver Nelson Albums arranged by Billy May Albums arranged by Sid Feller Albums arranged by Jimmy Jones (pianist) Capitol Records albums", "title": "Hurt So Bad (album)" }, { "docid": "12447054", "text": "The Answer is the 16th album by singer-songwriter Gloria Gaynor. It was released in France on October 24, 1997. A version with a slightly different track list was released in Germany, under the title What a Life. The Answer includes the singles \"Oh, What a Life\", \"Rippin' It Up\", \"Perfect World\" and \"Set Me Free\". It was re-released under the original title in 2004. Singles \"Oh, What a Life\" was released as single from the album. The single was more successful in Europe than America, reaching No.14 on the Italian chart and being remixed and covered as club versions. Track listing All tracks composed by Christian P. Schneider and Don Oriolo; except where indicated Original release \"You'll Be Mine\" (Gloria Gaynor, Dirk Sengotta) \"Rippin' It Up\" (Harriet Roberts, Russell Courtenay) \"Oh, What a Life\" \"You\" (Christian P. Schneider, Don Oriolo, Gloria Gaynor) \"Reunion\" \"Perfect World\" \"The Answer\" (Gloria Gaynor) \"Jealousy\" (Don Oriolo) \"It's My Time\" \"Set Me Free\" \"Oh What a Life\" (Remix) \"Rippin' It Up\" (Remix) \"Perfect World\" (Remix) \"Mighty High\" (Remix) \"Yo viviré (I Will Survive)\" (Flamenco) German edition – named What a Life \"Oh, What a Life\" \"Mighty High\" \"Rippin' It Up\" \"You\" \"You'll Be Mine\" \"The Answer\" \"Can't Take My Eyes Off You\" \"Reunion of Two Hearts\" \"Perfect World\" \"It's My Time\" \"Set Me Free\" \"Jealousy\" \"Rippin' It Up\" (Remix) \"Can't Take My Eyes off You\" (Remix) \"Perfect World\" (Remix) 2004 reissue \"You'll Be Mine\" \"Rippin' It Up\" \"You\" \"You Are the Answer\" \"Set Me Free\" \"Oh, What a Life\" \"It's My Time\" \"Reunion of Two Hearts\" \"Perfect World\" \"In All Ways a Woman\" \"Jealousy\" \"Mighty High\" \"Hallelujah\" \"Rippin It Up\" (Remix) \"Set Me Free\" (Remix) \"Oh, What a Life\" (Remix) \"Perfect World\" (Remix) References External links The Answer at Discogs 1997 albums Gloria Gaynor albums", "title": "The Answer (album)" }, { "docid": "30864814", "text": "Nikola Rachelle Bedingfield (born 8 November 1983), also known as Nikola Rachelle or Nikola Bedingfield, is an English singer and songwriter. She is the younger sister of Daniel and Natasha Bedingfield. Bedingfield has created music for advertisements and television shows such as General Hospital and Tough Love. Biography When Bedingfield was a teenager, she and her siblings formed the dance/electronic group The DNA Algorithm. In August 2006, she announced her debut release, an EP available exclusively on iTunes from 30 October 2006, called Don't Talk About This Love, released under the name Nikola Rachelle. The title track was later covered by Cheryl for her debut solo album 3 Words. Bedingfield co-wrote \"Limbo\", which was included on JoJo's album Jumping Trains. She provided the backing vocals for David Archuleta's album The Other Side of Down. Bedingfield has worked with a large range of writers, including Eve Nelson and Peter Kvint. Her debut album, The Golden Phoenix, was released in May 2023 under the name Nikola Bedingfield. Discography Albums Golden Phoenix (2023) (as Nikola Bedingfield) EPs Don't Talk About This Love (2006) (as Nikola Rachelle) Recorded songs \"Battleships\" \"The Coca-Cola Song\" (a.k.a. \"Follow the Bubble\") \"Don't Talk About This Love\" \"Forest Fire\" \"Foxy\" \"Hero's and Fools\" \"In Your Arms\" \"Loved by You\" \"The Man from Venezuela\" \"Night Before\" \"Phoenix\" \"Promised Land\" \"Sirens\" \"Soldier On\" \"Strings of Gold\" \"Take Me Home\" \"Turn Me On, Turn Me Up\" \"Your Eyes\" Written songs \"Breath\" \"Blue Soles (Lock Me Away)\" \"Come Find Me\" \"The Great Divorce\" \"Hey Hey Hey\" \"Horizon\" \"How Now Brown Cow\" \"Lost Love\" \"Madly and Randomly\" \"Nobody Got a Boy Like Mine\" \"Scarlet Envy\" (a.k.a. \"The Son of a Bitch You Are\") \"Stay With Me\" (a.k.a. \"My Love\") \"Sticks and Stones\" (a.k.a. \"Freedom from You\") \"Sudden Silence\" \"Sweet Karma\" \"Walking Through Walls\" \"Watchyou Want\" Other songs \"The Best Sex\" – Printz Board feat. Nikola Bedingfield \"Faith Over Fear\" – Dave Kull feat. Nikola Rachelle \"Vagabonds\" – Grizfolk \"Reaching\" – Zhu feat. Nikola Bedingfield Songwriting credits \"Battleships\" - Peter Kvint \"Best Time Ever\" – Printz Board \"Bullet\" – Erika Heynatz \"Don't Talk About This Love\" – Cheryl \"Fighters\" – Carly Rose Sonenclar \"F'NA\" – Printz Board \"Girlfriend\" – Hannah Defore \"Give It Back\" - Hennessy \"I Just Wanna Love You\" – Printz Board \"If I Get an Encore\" – Christy Moore \"Illusion\" – Josh Strickland \"Last Dance\" - Jake Austin Walker \"Love, Love, Love\" – Printz Board \"Limbo\" – JoJo \"On My Way to You\" - Hennessy \"Purple Hearts (Soldier of Love)\" – CeeLo Green \"Reaching\" – Zhu \"Superbad\" – Jesse McCartney \"Supernova\" – Bartholomew \"Take Your Mind Off It\" – Brock Baker \"Tempted By Your Touch\" – Joana Zimmer \"What It Do\" – Printz Board \"World Gone Crazy\" – Shane Stevens \"You're Beautiful\" – Paul Wright \"Young n Stupid\" – Brock Baker References External links Official website 1983 births Living people English people of New Zealand descent English women pop singers English women singer-songwriters English singer-songwriters Singers from London English soul singers 21st-century", "title": "Nikola Rachelle" }, { "docid": "9447450", "text": "The 60th Annual Tony Awards were held at Radio City Music Hall on June 11, 2006. The award ceremony was broadcast live on the CBS television network in the United States. The 2006 Tony Awards did not feature a host, but instead over 60 stars presented awards at the ceremony. The biggest winner of the night was the Royal National Theatre production The History Boys by British playwright Alan Bennett winning six Tonys out of seven nominations, including Best Play, Best Direction, Best Leading Actor and Best Featured Actress. Natasha Richardson, Phylicia Rashad and Liev Schreiber announced the nominations on May 16, 2006. The Antoinette Perry Awards for Excellence in Theatre, more commonly known as the Tony Awards, recognize achievement in live American theatre and are presented by the American Theatre Wing and the League of American Theatres and Producers (now called The Broadway League) at an annual ceremony in New York City. The awards are for Broadway productions and performances plus several non-competitive Special Awards (such as the Regional Theatre Award). Eligibility Shows that opened on Broadway during the 2005–06 season before May 11, 2006 are eligible. Original plays After the Night and the Music Bridge and Tunnel Festen The History Boys Latinologues The Lieutenant of Inishmore A Naked Girl on the Appian Way Primo Rabbit Hole Shining City Souvenir Well Original musicals Chita Rivera: The Dancer's Life The Color Purple The Drowsy Chaperone Hot Feet In My Life Jersey Boys Lennon Lestat Ring of Fire Tarzan The Wedding Singer The Woman in White Play revivals Absurd Person Singular Awake and Sing! Barefoot in the Park The Caine Mutiny Court-Martial The Constant Wife Faith Healer Mark Twain Tonight! The Odd Couple Seascape Three Days of Rain A Touch of the Poet Musical revivals The Pajama Game Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street The Threepenny Opera The ceremony Harry Connick Jr. opened the show singing three popular songs from three Broadway musicals. Connick, (who was heavily medicated to be able to perform, because of a ruptured disc in his spine,), was also a nominee and a performer with the cast of The Pajama Game. All of the sixty presenters and co-hosts joined the stage during the third song. Connick performed \"Tonight\" (from West Side Story), \"Give My Regards to Broadway\" (from Little Johnny Jones), and \"There's No Business Like Show Business\" (from Annie Get Your Gun). Performances New Musicals The Color Purple: Felicia P. Fields, La Chanze and the company performed \"Hell No!\" and the reprise of the title song. The Drowsy Chaperone: Sutton Foster and Bob Martin performed \"Show Off\" with the ensemble. Jersey Boys: John Lloyd Young performed \"Can't Take My Eyes Off of You\" and was joined by Christian Hoff, Daniel Reichard and J. Robert Spencer to perform \"Who Loves You?\". The Wedding Singer: Stephen Lynch and the company performed \"It's Your Wedding Day\". Revivals The Pajama Game: Harry Connick Jr. and Kelli O'Hara performed \"There Once Was a Man\". Harry Connick, Jr. and Megan", "title": "60th Tony Awards" }, { "docid": "7786346", "text": "Sofia is a bossa singer in the Philippines. She graduated from the University of Santo Tomas with a degree in Medical Technology. She is now a licensed medical technologist. Sofia became the featured artist in a bossa-inspired album project of Ivory Records by accident. After graduating, she was on her way to Japan to pursue her research scholarship grant to study hematology when she was asked to help gather research materials for the project, since she was into bossa nova since she was in high school. Aside from helping out for the lyrics, CDs, and other research materials, she was also asked to submit a demo tape so that Ivory Records would know what bossa sounds like. Sofia submitted a demo tape of the song \"Desafinado\". The record company was impressed, and then she was tapped to be a session singer. Eventually she was chosen to be the featured artist for the album. Her album, entitled Bossa Latino Lite, debuted at No.11 at Tower Records’ Top 25 albums chart. Sofia's second album was released December 28, 2006, entitled In Love With Nova Bossa. On April 1, 2007, her debut album Bossa Latino Lite reached the gold mark. The awarding took place on SOP, a noontime television show in the Philippines. Her influences in music include Cynthia Alexander, Wolfgang, Paulinho Da Viola, Tom Jobim, Paulinho Moska, Big Mountain, The Corrs, Pinikpikan, Bob Aves, and Eraserheads. Discography Title: Bossa Latino Lite under Ivory Records Released: 2006 Number of Tracks: 18 Waters Of March (Aguas De Marco) The Look Of Love Breaking Up Is Hard To Do (duet With Roji Soriano) - Sofia (duet with Roji Soriano) Just The Way You Are At Seventeen (Instrumental) Will You Still Love Me Tomorrow (featuring Roji Soriano) - Sofia (featuring Roji Soriano) Just No Ordinary Day Let's Wait Awhile Constantly (Instrumental) Blue Moon (duet With Roji Soriano) - Sofia (duet with Roji Soriano) Desafinado (Off-Key) Moonlight Over Paris (Instrumental) It's Too Late Englishman In New York (featuring Roji Soriano) - Sofia (featuring Roji Soriano) Sorry Doesn't Make It Anymore Dance With Me Every Little Thing (She Does Is Magic) (Instrumental) Waters Of March ( Aguas De Marco) - Sofia (duet with Roji Soriano) Title: In Love With Nova Bossa under Ivory Records Released: 2006 Number of Tracks: 18 1. You Are The Sunshine Of My Life 2. Falsa Baiana 3. Sad To Belong 4. I'll Never Fall In Love Again 5. I Will - Duet With Thor 6. So Nice (Samba De Verao) 7. Tell Me 8. Birthday Song 9. Hulog Ng Langit 10. Night And Day 11. Can't Take My Eyes Off Of You 12. I'll Take Care Of You 13. Warm Impressions 14. Só Em Teus Braços (Soh Ayng Teush Brah-soos) 15. Unexpectedly 16. What A Wonderful World 17. Moro Na Roça (Moh-roh-nah Hoh-sah) 18. Moro Na Roça (Festive Dance Mix) Title: By Request...Lite And Easy under Ivory Records Released: 2007 Number of Tracks: 16 1. Birthday Song 2. Sad To Belong 3. Let's", "title": "Sofia (Filipino singer)" }, { "docid": "10411577", "text": "The cante flamenco (), meaning \"flamenco singing\", is one of the three main components of flamenco, along with toque (playing the guitar) and baile (dance). Because the dancer is front and center in a flamenco performance, foreigners often assume the dance is the most important aspect of the art form — in fact, it is the cante which is the heart and soul of the genre. A cante singer is a cantaor or cantaora. The cante flamenco is part of musical tradition in the Andalusian region of Spain. Its origins are uncertain but scholars see many influences in the cante flamenco including: The traditional song of the gitanos (Spanish Gypsies), the Perso-Arab Zyriab song form, the classical Andalusian orchestras of the Islamic Empire, the Jewish synagogue chants, Mozarabic forms such as zarchyas and zambra, Arabic zayal (the foundation for the Fandango), and Andalusian regional folk forms, as well as West African and South American influences as seen in the cantes de ida y vuelta. Flamenco embodies awealth of musical cultures — Roma, Arab, Berber, Jewish, and Christian. Flamenco developed into its definitive form during its Golden Age (1869-1910). Beginning in 1910, cante flamenco was popularized by the opera flamenca which included the lighter forms of flamenco such as fandangos and cantes de ida y vuelta. In order to preserve the \"authentic\" cante jondo (deep song), Manuel de Falla and Federico García Lorca, organized the Concurso de Cante Jondo in Granada in 1922. Singers from all over Andalusia travelled to join in the competition. The first two prizes went to El Tenazas and El Caracol. Types of cante There are many variants of cantes or palos (song forms), each expressing a unique emotion (which shares noticeable resemblance to Indian classical music). The flamenco songs of today may be classified into one of three categories: cante grande, cante intermedio or cante chico. Cante Grande Also known as cante jondo and sometimes referred to as cante gitano. Meaning \"profound\" and \"deep,\" this intensely sad form of cante deals with themes of death, anguish, despair, or religious sentiments and may be sung a palo seco (without guitar accompaniment). Major forms are the tonás, martinetes, seguiriya, soleá, and carcelera. It is said that cante jondo (deep song) is the heart and soul of flamenco: Sample Seguiria describing anguish in Caló, Spanish and English: Cante Intermedio Meaning \"intermediate,\" this form is less profound but also moving, sometimes containing an oriental cast to the music. The term (between cante chico and cante grande that is) varies according to who is singing and describing the \"cante intermedio\". Cante Chico Literally meaning \"little song,\" this form of cante sings of lighter subjects including love, bawdy humor and happiness to the accompaniment of the flamenco guitar. Festive forms of cante chico include forms such as the alegrías, bulerías and tangos. Other classifications of cante flamenco Cante Gitano Cante gitano (or the \"Gypsy song\") refers to the original songs believed to be developed by Gypsies who immigrated in the 15th century.", "title": "Cante flamenco" }, { "docid": "58010780", "text": "\"More than Friends\" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Jason Mraz featuring American singer-songwriter Meghan Trainor from his sixth studio album Know. (2018). It was written by Mraz, Trainor, Jonathan Green and Andrew Wells, and produced by the latter. Atlantic Records released it on October 8, 2018, as the fourth single from the album. A \"bubbly\" and \"quirky\" acoustic love song, “More than Friends” is about a pair of friends interested in taking their relationship to the next level, with implications of a summer romance. Darren Doane directed the music video for \"More than Friends\". Released on September 17, 2018, the video features a meta concept where a pair of co-workers at a video shoot admit romantic feelings for each other. This is interspersed with scenes of the singers performing the song. It was also supported by a dance video directed by Ryan Hutchins. Commercially, \"More than Friends\" charted at number 49 on the Belgium Ultratip chart and number 32 on the US Adult Top 40. Mraz and Trainor performed the song on The Ellen DeGeneres Show. Background and composition Andrew Wells produced “More than Friends” and co-wrote it with Jason Mraz, Meghan Trainor and Jonathan Green. After Mraz initially finished his album Know., Wells suggested that he have a songwriting session with Trainor. Mraz agreed to this, but was unsure of what would come of it. \"More than Friends\" was written during this session, and led to him pushing back \"a few departments and their deadlines\" to accommodate it on the record. With the song, Trainor intended to create her own version of Mraz and Colbie Caillat's song \"Lucky\" (2009). It was inspired by a conversation Mraz had with his wife, he said \"My wife, she has these cute things she does, when I make her a cup of coffee, I'll be like, 'Is it good?' And she'll say, 'Oh, more than friends.' I thought that was so cute.\" \"More than Friends\" is a \"bubbly\" and \"quirky\" acoustic love song. It is sung in a back-and-forth style with Mraz opening with \"It feels like we've been friends forever and we always see eye-to-eye\", and Trainor responds \"At the risk of sounding foolish/ I don't wanna fool around no more/ So if we're gonna do this, then let's do this/ You could fix my broken heart if it's all yours.\" It has a \"catchy\" chorus and \"summery, carefree vibes.\" The song was described as \"breezy\" and \"ebullient\" by some critics. It has lyrics about \"wishing you could step out of the friend zone.\" A writer for iHeartRadio MMVAs said that it \"gives off the vibe of a budding summer romance\", noting that its lyrics recount \"the feelings of a pair of friends who are interested in taking their relationship to the next level.\" Music video and promotion A lyric video featuring animation by Maddy Franklin accompanied the song's release. Darren Doane directed the music video for \"More than Friends\" which was released through Mraz's YouTube channel. It was released", "title": "More than Friends (Jason Mraz song)" }, { "docid": "59250158", "text": "Can't Take My Eyes Off You is a studio album by Nancy Wilson, released on Capitol Records in 1970. It was produced by David Cavanaugh, with arrangements and conducting by Phil Wright and Jimmy Jones. In a positive review, Record World called it \"another bright and warm outing for the multi-talented Miss Wilson. This is a composer's album with songs by Bacharach and David, Leonard Cohen, Leiber and Stoller, and Jimmy Webb.\" The album also contains an early Bacharach song written with Bob Hilliard, \"Waitin' For Charlie To Come Home,\" as well as songs made famous by Dusty Springfield and Blood, Sweat & Tears. The song \"Can't Take My Eyes Off You\" had been included on Wilson's previous album, Hurt So Bad (1969), but it proved so successful on radio that Capitol made it the title track of her new album. Can't Take My Eyes Off You entered the Billboard 200 on March 28, 1970, peaking at No. 155 and remaining on the chart for six weeks. It fared better on Billboards Hot R&B LPs, reaching No. 38. In 2013, SoulMusic Records released a digitally remastered version of the album, paired with Now I'm a Woman, another Wilson album from 1970. The compact disc contains three bonus tracks. Track listing Side 1 \"Waitin' For Charlie To Come Home\" (Burt Bacharach, Bob Hilliard) – 2:33 \"A Brand New Me\" (Jerry Butler, Kenneth Gamble, Theresa Bell) – 3:00 \"Mixed Up Girl\" (Jimmy Webb) – 2:30 \"Raindrops Keep Falling On My Head\" (Bacharach, Hal David) – 2:54 \"This Girl Is a Woman Now\" (Alan Bernstein, Victor Millrose) – 3:05 Side 2 \"Can't Take My Eyes Off You\" (Bob Crewe, Bob Gaudio) – 3:21 \"Words And Music\" (Jack Segal, Marvin Fisher) – 2:02 \"Suzanne\" (Leonard Cohen) – 4:34 \"You Made Me So Very Happy\" (Berry Gordy, Brenda Holloway, Frank Wilson, Patrice Holloway) – 3:14 \"Trip With Me\" (Jerry Leiber, Mike Stoller) – 2:21 Personnel Nancy Wilson – vocals Jimmy Jones – arranger, conductor Phil Wright – arranger, conductor David Cavanaugh – producer References 1970 albums Nancy Wilson (jazz singer) albums", "title": "Can't Take My Eyes Off You (album)" }, { "docid": "10457558", "text": "Steam Powered Aereo-Takes is a collection of outtakes, demos and jam-sessions from John Hartford's groundbreaking 1971 album Aereo-Plain, released in 2002. The music is a blend of traditional bluegrass musicianship, and the hippie spirit of the '70s. The other members of the Aereo-Plain Band were Norman Blake, Vassar Clements, Tut Taylor, and Randy Scruggs. History Hartford and the members of the Aereo-Plain Band recorded Aereo-Plain, a blend of traditional bluegrass musicianship, and the hippie spirit of the '70s. The album has been called the forerunner of the genre now known as \"Newgrass\". The recording was done in informal jam sessions that created some 80-plus reels of tape. The tracks featured here are song sketches, outtakes, demos, impromptu jams, and goofing-off. Music critic Zac Johnson wrote that \"If the sessions that were used on Aereo-Plain became the Revolver of the progressive bluegrass movement, this disc is more like the White Album or maybe Let It Be.\" Reception Writing for Allmusic, critic Zac Johnson wrote \"The song ideas are there, but they feel looser and more free, with each of the performers playing with ideas and song structures, fiddling with things when they don't work, and milking them when they click.\" Rick Bell of Country Standard Time wrote \"Its historical value can't be denied, yet much of it sounds as fresh and innovative today as it must have 30 years ago. Aereoplane offered up several dandy instrumentals and traditional numbers during their short time together... arguably the best among a career of sometimes offbeat, but never dull music.\" Track listing All tracks composed by John Hartford; except where indicated \"Where the Old Red River Flows\" (Jimmie Davis) – 3:07 \"Ruff and Ready\" (Tut Taylor) – 1:51 \"Blame It on Joann\" – 3:12 \"The Vamp from Back in the Goodle Days\" – 4:41 \"Emanuel Cant\" – 1:44 \"Bad Music (Is Better Than No Music at All)\" (Tut Taylor) – 4:32 \"Dig a Hole\" (Traditional) – 4:14 \"Presbyterian Guitar\" – 2:03 \"Strange Old Man\" – 1:40 \"Lady Jane\" – 2:43 \"Oasis\" (Tut Taylor) – 3:31 \"Because of You\" – 1:10 \"Morning Bugle\" – 3:28 \"John Henry\" (Traditional) – 1:44 \"Doin' My Time\" (Jimmie Skinner) – 3:06 \"Keep on Truckin'\" – 2:46 \"Don't Ever Take Your Eyes Off the Game, Babe\" – 3:28 \"Howard Hughes Blues\" – 3:01 Personnel John Hartford - banjo, guitar, violin, vocals Norman Blake - guitar, mandolin, vocals Vassar Clements - violin, cello, viola, vocals Tut Taylor - dobro, vocals Randy Scruggs - bass, vocals Production Producer: David Bromberg Recording Engineer: Warren Dewey/Claude Hill Mixing: Toby Mountain Art Direction: Susan Marsh Photography: Peter Amft Liner notes: Bob Carlin References 1971 albums John Hartford albums Rounder Records albums Warner Records albums Demo albums", "title": "Steam Powered Aereo-Takes" }, { "docid": "33477262", "text": "The Very Best of Andy Williams is a compilation album by American pop singer Andy Williams that was released in the UK on October 5, 2009. A note from Williams inside the CD booklet explains that the album \"was put together to coincide with my memoir Moon River and Me, published by Orion Press. It includes many of the songs that you made hits. I truly appreciate that, and I hope you enjoy the songs we selected for this CD.\" This compilation includes recordings that either charted in the UK but not in the US (\"Can't Take My Eyes off You\", \"It's So Easy\", \"May Each Day\") or charted much higher on the UK singles chart than they did on the Billboard Hot 100 in the US (\"Almost There\", \"Can't Help Falling in Love\"). It entered the UK albums chart on October 17, 2009, and reached number 10 during its six weeks there. On July 22, 2013, the British Phonographic Industry awarded the album with Gold certification for sales of 100,000 units. An 18-track compilation album released in conjunction with the book publication in the US was titled Moon River: The Very Best of Andy Williams and had the same cover photo and design but had only nine of the 24 tracks on this album in common. Track listing \"Moon River\" (Henry Mancini, Johnny Mercer) – 2:46 recorded on 1/4/62 for his album Moon River and Other Great Movie Themes \"Can't Get Used to Losing You\" (Jerome \"Doc\" Pomus, Mort Shuman) – 2:25 rec. 12/2/62; UK singles chart: #2 (1 week) \"Music to Watch Girls By\" (Sid Ramin, Tony Velona) – 2:38 rec. 2/21/67; UK singles chart: #33 \"Can't Take My Eyes Off You\" (Bob Crewe, Bob Gaudio) – 3:15 rec. 9/18/67; UK singles chart: #5 \"The Impossible Dream (The Quest)\" from Man of La Mancha (Joe Darion, Mitch Leigh) – 2:39 rec. 1968 for his album Honey \"Happy Heart\" (James Last, Jackie Rae) – 3:15 rec. 3/8/69; UK singles chart: #19 \"Solitaire\" (Phil Cody, Neil Sedaka) – 4:22 rec. 7/73; UK singles chart: #4 \"Never Can Say Goodbye\" (Clifton Davis) – 3:33 rec. 4/22/71 for his album You've Got a Friend \"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head\" (Burt Bacharach, Hal David) – 3:11 rec. 2/24/70 for his album Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head \"It's So Easy\" (Dor Lee, Dave Watkins) – 2:29 rec. 1/14/70 & 1/16/70; UK singles chart: #13 \"Born Free\" (John Barry, Don Black) – 2:27 rec. 3/2/67 for his album Born Free \"Up, Up and Away\" (Jimmy Webb) – 2:36 rec. 1968 for his album Honey \"Home Lovin' Man\" (Roger Cook, Roger Greenaway, Tony Macaulay) – 3:10 rec. 8/29/70; UK singles chart: #7 \"Can't Help Falling in Love\" (George Weiss, Hugo Peretti, Luigi Creatore) – 3:15 rec. 1/14/70; UK singles chart: #3 \"MacArthur Park\" (Jimmy Webb) – 5:03 rec. 1/4/71 for his album Love Theme from 'The Godfather' \"We've Only Just Begun\" (Roger Nichols, Paul Williams) – 3:15 rec. 12/7/70 for his album Love Story", "title": "The Very Best of Andy Williams (2009 album)" }, { "docid": "8290325", "text": "Enrique Morente Cotelo (25 December 1942 – 13 December 2010), known as Enrique Morente, was a Spanish flamenco singer and a celebrated figure within the world of contemporary flamenco. After his orthodox beginnings, he plunged into experimentalism, writing new melodies for cante (flamenco singing) and jamming with musicians of all styles, without renouncing his roots in traditional flamenco singing, which he kept on cultivating despite criticism. \"It hasn't been easy. First came the accusations of corruption of the music, of treachery in his struggle to disfigure what was already perfectly coded. When some albums and some categorical evidence of his knowledge of the classical approach laid these malicious comments bare, then came the most twisted condemnations. That the pace of the compás waned (just get a metronome and see for yourself), that he didn't really make you feel (are there really many true aficionados whose hair doesn't stand on end listening to his caña 'Eso no lo manda la ley', 'La aurora de Nueva York' or 'Generalife', to name three markedly different examples) and that kind of thing.\" he was perhaps the most influential contemporary flamenco singer, who not only innovated, but it could also be said that he created tradition: some of his cantes have been performed by other singers such as Camarón de la Isla, Mayte Martín, Carmen Linares, Miguel Poveda, Segundo Falcón and Arcángel. He also is the father of flamenco singer Estrella Morente. The posthumously published volume of Leonard Cohen's poems, The Flame, includes \"Homage to Morente.\" (pp. 30–31) Biography Enrique Morente, born in the traditional quarter of Albaicín in Granada, started to sing as a seise (a member of a group of children who sing, dance and play castanets on certain religious festivals). He started to feel attracted to flamenco singing as a child, and had the opportunity to learn at family gatherings and to listen to established figures from Granada like Cobitos, the family of the \"Habichuelas\", or Aurelio Sellés (Aurelio de Cádiz): \"The cante begins inside you when you listen to the villager's singing, to people in their birthplace. Groups of people that meet in a tavern and start singing, and then you listen to them and start singing as well: you learn that at family parties where everybody sings and everybody drinks, and everybody dances and... Apart from that, it turns out that, of course, you need a technique, you need a school, you need to learn. In order to achieve this, what you need... the main help you can get is to have a liking for it; and then the skill to know who to learn from, and from what sources, where to find the good. Then you are on.\" However, this appreciation for the popular side of flamenco does not mean that he considers flamenco as just \"an art of the people\". A flamenco artist, for him, needs technique and dedication: \"It is us, the professional artists of flamenco, who have to make cante flamenco, and nobody else, Flamenco, like", "title": "Enrique Morente" }, { "docid": "91104", "text": "Julie Anne Miller (born Julie Griffin, July 12, 1956) is an American songwriter, singer, and recording artist living in Nashville, Tennessee. She married Buddy Miller in 1981. They sing and play on each other's solo projects and have recorded three duet albums. Career Recordings Julie Miller's first professionally released recording was with the group Streetlight which consisted of Julie, Buddy Miller, and Ron Krueger. The self-titled album was released in 1983. Julie and Buddy wrote some songs for the LP, including the original version of \"Jesus in Your Eyes\" (later re-recorded for Orphans and Angels). \"How Could You Say No\" (written by Mickey Cates) was originally performed on this album and later included on Julie's solo debut Meet Julie Miller. A 1985 demo tape recorded by Julie listed eight songs, but contained eleven. Two of these songs were later included on Meet Julie Miller, but the remaining nine songs were not reissued. Songs on this tape include: \"I Don't Need Anything Else\", \"Mystery Love\" (Synth Pop Version), \"Love Is\", \"I Look to You\", \"I Don't Need\", \"What Does it Take\", \"I Wanna Be Ready\", \"King of my Heart\" (not the same as that which appeared later on her first Myrrh release), \"My New Psychiatrist\" (Synth Pop Version with different lyrics), \"Debby Came Back\", \"Dangerous Place\" (Synth Pop Version). Only one copy of this tape has seen circulation; it is unknown whether Julie used the tape to shop for a record label, or sold them at concerts. Julie's musical career initially took off after singer Sam Phillips forwarded her demo tape to friends at Myrrh Records. Myrrh signed Miller to a contract and released Meet Julie Miller (her first solo album) in 1990. This album included backing vocals from Shawn Colvin, Victoria Williams, Amy Grant, Kelly Willard and Russ Taff. Miller's second solo album He Walks Through Walls (1991) also included backing vocals from Colvin, Williams, Grant and Willard. Mark Heard and Reverend Dan Smith also contributed vocals. This album included the original version of the song \"Broken Things\", which was later re-recorded. Her 1993 album Orphans and Angels included a duet with Emmylou Harris on \"All My Tears\", which was written after the death of Mark Heard. Jazz vocalist Jimmy Scott also contributed vocals. Miller also covered Heard's song \"Treasure of the Broken Land\". Shawn Colvin once again contributed background vocals. The video of the song \"S.O.S.\" from this album was released to Christian TV. Her fourth solo album Invisible Girl was released by Street Level Records. Julie covered The Williams Brothers song \"Can't Cry Hard Enough\". Victoria Williams, Mark Olson and the Electrics provided background vocals. In 1997, Julie Miller released Blue Pony (Hightone Records) which includes contributions from Emmylou Harris, Buddy Miller, and Valerie Carter. Her most recent solo album is Broken Things in 1999, which includes new versions of \"Broken Things\" and \"All My Tears\" as well as new songs \"I Know Why The River Runs,\" \"Orphan Train,\" \"Out in the Rain\" and \"I Still Cry.\" The", "title": "Julie Miller" }, { "docid": "36050493", "text": "Shields is the fourth studio album by American rock band Grizzly Bear, released on September 18, 2012, by Warp Records. Written and recorded following a six-month hiatus from band activities, the album was produced by bassist and multi-instrumentalist Chris Taylor. Preceded by the singles, \"Sleeping Ute\" and \"Yet Again\", an expanded version of Shields, entitled Shields Expanded, was released on November 12, 2013, featuring additional tracks recorded during the sessions, demo recordings and remixes. The eight additional tracks were issued as a separate mini-album, entitled Shields: B-Sides. Shields has been described as the band's most collaborative album, with vocalist and guitarist Daniel Rossen noting, \"[The band's aim was to] write and make music that is as collaborative as possible, so that we have a product that we all feel a sense of authorship over as a collective.\" The album received acclaim upon release. Shields reached number seven on the Billboard 200 and number seventeen on the UK Albums Chart. Background After extensive touring in support of the band's third studio album, Veckatimest (2009), Grizzly Bear undertook a six-month hiatus from band-related activities. Vocalist Ed Droste noted, \"There was such a level of exhaustion that I really needed to pretend I wasn't in the band for a little bit. I needed to be back in my life with my friends and my spouse, and live a day-to-day existence that had nothing to do with music. That was really good for everybody.\" Vocalist and guitarist Daniel Rossen stated, \"Those were strange times. [...] I felt a little bit shell-shocked by the touring experience of Veckatimest and part of me was just wondering if there was some other version of a life that I could have that wasn't as heavily involved in the music industry.\" During the break, bass guitarist and producer Chris Taylor released a solo album, Dreams Come True (2011), under the pseudonym CANT, stating, \"I can't just take a break. For whatever reason, I'm the kind of person who needs to constantly to work on stuff. When we finished touring, I didn't want to take some time off, I just wanted to go into the studio. But, I really didn't want to book myself in with a band and go record them, so I decided I'd try and make my own record.\" Daniel Rossen recorded and released a solo EP, Silent Hour/Golden Mile (2012), featuring tracks initially intended for Shields. Recording Regarding the band's eventual return, Ed Droste noted, \"Coming back together to try to write and record was like being in junior high again – after you go away for the summer, the first couple of weeks are slightly awkward when you get back to school. Then, you get back into the swing.\" Daniel Rossen elaborated, \"The whole process with this record felt like starting over. We took enough time off that we... I don't know. My head kind of went out of the game or something. Getting back into it was really confusing. It took a long time.\"", "title": "Shields (album)" }, { "docid": "42566705", "text": "\"My Eyes\" is a song recorded by American country music artist Blake Shelton featuring Gwen Sebastian. It was released in April 2014 as the fifth single from his seventh studio album, Based on a True Story.... The song was written by Andrew Dorff, Tommy Lee James and Josh Osborne. Content \"My Eyes\" was written by Andrew Dorff, Tommy Lee James, and Josh Osborne. The idea for the song originated with Osborne, who started the songwriting process by sharing his idea for the hook, \"My eyes are the only thing I don’t want to take off of you.\" According to James, the rest of the song was then written \"pretty fast\". James said the of the song, \"Some of those lines in there remind me of Andrew and the quirky ways he would come up with stuff nobody else would come up with.\" He called it \"actually a really, really, deceptively hard song to sing\" and praised Shelton's recording as \"really great\". Gwen Sebastian, who was mentored by Shelton on season two of The Voice and subsequently toured with him as a background singer, is featured on the track. She said of the opportunity to record with Shelton, \"There's really no way I can repay him back, to be honest with you. Maybe try to pay him back in a bow and arrow, maybe some vodka.\" Critical reception Billy Dukes of Taste of Country gave the song a positive review, saying that \"‘My Eyes’ is a sexy love song that heats the sheets to a melting point hotter than his previous two lovers.\" Chuck Dauphin of Billboard praised \"My Eyes\", writing, \"The melody knocks this one out of the ballpark. It’s cute, seductive, sly, and romantic all at once. And, former 'Voice' star Gwen Sebastian’s harmonies add a layer of dreaminess to this, as well.\" Commercial performance \"My Eyes\" debuted at number 39 on the U.S. Billboard Country Airplay chart for the week of April 26, 2014. The song peaked at Number One on the Country Airplay Charts, making it Shelton's 12th consecutive number one single. It has sold 550,000 copies in the United States as of August 2014. The song was certified Gold by the RIAA on September 23, 2014. Charts Year-end charts Certifications References 2013 singles 2013 songs Country ballads 2010s ballads Blake Shelton songs Gwen Sebastian songs Warner Records Nashville singles Songs written by Tommy Lee James Songs written by Josh Osborne Songs written by Andrew Dorff Song recordings produced by Scott Hendricks Male–female vocal duets", "title": "My Eyes (Blake Shelton song)" }, { "docid": "6726099", "text": "\"Don't It Make My Brown Eyes Blue\" is a song written by Richard Leigh, and recorded by American country music singer Crystal Gayle. It was released in June 1977 as the first single from Gayle's album We Must Believe in Magic. Background \"Don't It Make My Brown Eyes Blue\" composer Richard Leigh had been responsible for all three of Crystal Gayle's previous Top Ten C&W hits, the third of which \"I'll Get Over You\" had reached number 1. According to Gayle's regular producer Allen Reynolds, he was advised by Leigh's landlady, songwriter Sandy Mason Theoret, that Leigh was \"a little down in the dumps lately because nothing much [was] happening\" after the success of \"I'll Get Over You\". At Theoret's suggestion, Reynolds visited Leigh to cheer him up. Reynolds explained, \"we were sittin' on the floor...singing songs to one another. [Leigh] mentioned a song that his publisher was gonna get to Shirley Bassey...[and] sang it for me: 'Don't It Make My Brown Eyes Blue'. I said, 'Shirley Bassey my ass, I want that song!'\" Reynolds recalls that when he played \"Don't It Make My Brown Eyes Blue\" for Gayle \"she was just as excited [by the song] as I was.\" The track was recorded at Jack's Tracks in Nashville on October 27, 1976. As Reynolds' regular session keyboardist Charles Cochran had suffered a stroke with some resultant numbness in his hands, Reynolds hired Hargus \"Pig\" Robbins to play keyboards, and Robbins instantly devised the song's signature acoustic piano riff; Cochran was also featured on the session playing the horn parts on a Wurlitzer. Reynolds noted \"it was just one of those charmed sessions...[After] we presented the song to the musicians...it was about the third time running [through] that song that we ran tape...[Gayle] sang [the song] wonderfully. It came so fast that she wasn't sure that she had done her best job. I had to let her try to sing it again on two or three different occasions until she was comfortable with the original [vocal take], and that's what we went with. Everything on that recording was the original take as it went down, except the string section I added later.\" In a 2004 Country Music Television interview, Gayle stated that Leigh wrote the song because his dog had one brown eye and one blue eye. However, in a 2016 interview, Richard Leigh set the record straight and said that this was not the case. His dog, Amanda, a terrier, had two brown eyes. Critical reception The song became a worldwide hit single. In the United States, it topped the Billboard country music chart for four weeks, and was Gayle's first (and biggest) crossover pop hit, reaching number 1 on the Cashbox Top 100 for two weeks, and number 2 on the Billboard Hot 100 for three weeks. The album received Platinum status, the first by a female country singer. The song became Gayle's signature piece throughout her career. In 1978, the song won Gayle a Grammy Award for", "title": "Don't It Make My Brown Eyes Blue" }, { "docid": "68061", "text": "In rhetoric, a parenthesis (: parentheses; from the Ancient Greek word παρένθεσις parénthesis 'injection, insertion', literally '(a) putting in beside') or parenthetical phrase is an explanatory or qualifying word, phrase, clause, or sentence inserted into a passage. The parenthesis could be left out and still form grammatically correct text. Parenthetical expressions are usually delimited by round brackets (also known as parentheses), square brackets, dashes, or commas. English-language style and usage guides originating in the news industry of the twentieth century, such as the AP Stylebook, recommend against the use of square brackets for parenthesis and other purposes, because \"They cannot be transmitted over news wires.\" Usage of parentheses goes back (at least) to the 15th century in English legal documents. Examples Billy-bob, a great singer, was not a good dancer.The phrase a great singer, set off by commas, is both an appositive and a parenthesis. A dog (not a cat) is an animal that barks.The phrase not a cat is a parenthesis. My umbrella (which is somewhat broken) can still shield the two of us from the rain.The phrase which is somewhat broken is a parenthesis. Please, Gerald, come here! Gerald is both a noun of direct address and a parenthesis. People who eat broccoli are typically healthier—and happier—than people who don't. The phrase and happier, set off by dashes, is a parenthesis. Types The following are examples of types of parenthetical phrases: Introductory phrase: Once upon a time, my father ate a muffin. Interjection: My father ate the muffin, gosh damn it! Aside: My father, if you don't mind me telling you this, ate the muffin. Appositive: My father, a jaded and bitter man, ate the muffin. Absolute phrase: My father, his eyes flashing with rage, ate the muffin. Free modifier: My father, chewing with unbridled fury, ate the muffin. Resumptive modifier: My father ate the muffin, a muffin which no man had yet chewed. Summative modifier: My father ate the muffin, a feat which no man had attempted. References Rhetoric Grammar Punctuation", "title": "Parenthesis (rhetoric)" }, { "docid": "42593574", "text": "\"I'll Close My Eyes\", first published in 1945, is a song written and composed by the English songwriter and bandleader Billy Reid. This song is usually performed with altered lyrics by the American songwriter Buddy Kaye. The song has become a jazz standard. Composition and recordings The original version of the song had both music and lyrics written by Billy Reid. In this original version, the song is a song of regret, with a verse introducing the theme in words which include: \"Love was mine, you gave me a chance; But my heart was not content and I lost my romance..\" The main song refrain then begins (as it does in the later version) \"I'll close my eyes\" but continues \"and make believe it's you\". The song then continues on the theme that the singer has foolishly lost his love and can now only close his eyes and imagine her in his loneliness. It was recorded with the original Billy Reid words by the English singer Dorothy Squires, who had a close association with Billy Reid. Soon after its release, new words were written for the Billy Reid tune by the American songwriter Buddy Kaye. The new words make the song more upbeat. The initial phrase of the song remains \"I'll close my eyes\" but now it continues \"...to everyone but you\". The song then continues on the theme that the singer will always be faithful, will \"lock my heart to any other caress\" and will close his eyes to see his love \"through the years\" in \"those moments when we're apart\". It thus becomes, not a song of loss, but a commitment to fidelity in a relationship which is expected to last. In this form, it was taken up by a number of singers. It was broadcast by Frances Langford with the new words as early as 1947, in a Maxwell House Radio Show. The Jazz standard \"I'll Close My Eyes\" (with Buddy Kaye lyrics) has been covered by 50+ recording artists, including the Dinah Washington (and Quincy Jones Orchestra) recording that is licensed for soundtrack use in THE BRIDGES OF MADISON COUNTY (film) and Lee Daniels’ THE BUTLER (film). List of recordings Performers who have recorded the song in vocal or instrumental versions include: Dorothy Squires (with Billy Reid's original words) - 1945 Andy Russell - 1947 Mildred Bailey - 1947 Vic Damone - 1947 Sarah Vaughan - 1957 Dinah Washington - 1957 Connie Francis. In 1959, Francis recorded both versions of the lyrics, with the same orchestral arrangement. The 1959 album released from this session was called My Thanks To You, and included only the original version of the lyrics; the recording with the later version of the lyrics was not released until 1993. Blue Mitchell - 1960 Marilyn Michaels - 1965 Joan Regan Dinah Shore Joanie Sommers Peggy Lee Cannonball Adderley and his orchestra Gene Ammons Ray Anthony Betty Scott Jimmy Beaumont Big Maybelle Bob Montgomery Donna Fuller Kenny Burrell Hank Crawford Barrett Deems Joan Griffith", "title": "I'll Close My Eyes (song)" }, { "docid": "65279775", "text": "Australian Tour 2013 (also known as the Triumphant Tour or the Triumphant Australian Tour by fans and in the media) was an Australian concert tour by American singer-songwriter Mariah Carey. Background After the birth of Carey's twins, Moroccan and Mornoe Cannon, with then-husband Nick Cannon in 2011, Carey decided to take a break from music and spend the next two years focused on other projects, such as being the spokesperson for American weight loss company Jenny Craig and creating a second capsule collection for HSN. In 2012, inspired by the death of fellow singer Whitney Houston and Cannon's hospitalization due to kidney failure, Carey made her grand return to music with \"Triumphant (Get 'Em)\", featuring American rappers Rick Ross and Meek Mill, originally released as the lead single from her 14th studio album, Me. I Am Mariah... The Elusive Chanteuse, at the time titled The Art of Letting Go. However, negative reviews and low sales reflected on the song not being included in Carey's next effort and the song received very little promotion, as it was then considered as a mere buzz single before the release of \"#Beautiful\", the actual lead single of Carey's next album. Still part of Carey's return to music, the singer embarked on a 3 date tour across Australia, a region she hadn't visited since 1998's Butterfly World Tour. With shows on the Gold Coast, Sydney and Melbourne, the tour received positive reviews among the press and fans of the singer. Set list The following set list is obtained from the January 3, 2013 show in Sydney. It is not intended to represent all dates throughout the tour. \"Can't Take That Away (Mariah's Theme)\" (Triumphant Revival Remix) \"Touch My Body\" \"Shake It Off\" \"My All\" (outro contains elements of the Classic Club Mix) \"Emotions\" \"Always Be My Baby\" \"I'll Be There\" (with Trey Lorenz) \"Rock with You\" / \"Let's Go Crazy\" (Interlude) (performed by Trey Lorenz) \"Obsessed\" \"Can't Let Go\" / \"Love Takes Time\" \"Don't Forget About Us\" \"It's Like That\" (With elements of \"Hollis Crew\" and \"Sucker M.C.'s\" by Run-DMC) \"Close My Eyes\" \"Hero\" \"Hero\" Encore \"We Belong Together\" (outro contains elements of the Desert Storm Remix) Shows References 2013 concert tours", "title": "Australian Tour 2013 (Mariah Carey)" }, { "docid": "23241099", "text": "\"Milioner\" (in Macedonian Cyrillic: Милионер, English translation: Millionaire) is a single by the popular Macedonian singer Elena Risteska. It was realized in three versions: Macedonian, Serbian and English. Release history Macedonian version Background After representing Macedonia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2006 in Athens Elena started to work on a new album and new songs. Her experience at the Montenegrin festival Suncane Skale was overriding. On the first night she grabbed the award for best debut singer in 2006 and on the second night of the festival she participated with the song \"Ne Mogu\". In the winter of 2006 she released her second studio album 192 on which is \"Milioner\". Production history of \"Milioner\" Milioner is a pop song with R&B and hip hop elements. The author of the music is Elena's producer Darko Dimitrov and the lyrics were written by her. The hip hop text was sung by Leroy Chambers. It was realized with a video clip on 13 May 2007. Explanation of the lyrics The title of the song Millionaire is the main theme of the whole song. The author of the lyrics is Elena herself. She is starting the song and saying that she feels that he is watching her and knows what he is thinking. She exactly knows in which places she is looking. She says that she is not a materialistic girl and millionaires could not be with her, she just wants one thousand kisses. She says to him that he is on top of the world and he has everything that he wants, but he needs just a good girl, that is what he is missing. For her diamonds, pearls and money are nothing, she just wants one thousand kisses. The chorus is coming where the phrase You are a millionaire! (in !) is repeating on every second word. In the chorus Elena is saying that she doesn't want any money and love is that that she actually misses. She says that he could not buy her, because with money love is not buying. The song is continuing and Elena asks him why he is still on top and tells him to come down to her world, he is just missing love. She sings about her eyes comparing with black diamonds, and says that with brilliants her lips are full. She just wants one thousand kisses. The chorus is continuing. Leroy Chambers sings in English the following sentences: \"Every time you call me, you only try to change me, and every time you come around we get busy, it's not my regios, but so you like me, no no no is not about my money, and girl you're funny, and if you want me, because you know i am living like a millionaire, because i got what i want, and i take what i need, and I gotta take off with my money\" and \"Shake it like a million dollar player\". Music video On 12 April 2007, Elena started with the shooting of “Milioner”.", "title": "Milioner (song)" }, { "docid": "54619728", "text": "Music to Watch Girls By: The Very Best of Andy Williams is a compilation album by American pop singer Andy Williams that was released by Sony Music Entertainment in 2005. The compilation first appeared on the UK album chart on July 9 of that year and remained there for two weeks, peaking at number 50. Track listing \"Music to Watch Girls By\" (Tony Velona, Sid Ramin) – 2:38 \"Can't Get Used to Losing You\" (Jerome \"Doc\" Pomus, Mort Shuman) – 2:25 \"Moon River\" (Henry Mancini, Johnny Mercer) – 2:46 \"Can't Take My Eyes Off You\" (Bob Crewe, Bob Gaudio) – 3:15 \"On the Street Where You Live\" (Alan Jay Lerner, Frederick Loewe) – 3:12 \"Up, Up and Away\" (Jimmy Webb) – 2:36 \"House of Bamboo\" (William Crompton, Norman Murrells) – 2:06 \"Happy Heart\" (James Last, Jackie Rae) – 3:15 \"Born Free\" (Don Black, John Barry) – 2:27 \"Spooky\" (Buddy Buie, James B. Cobb, Jr., Harry Middlebrooks, Mike Shapiro) – 3:18 \"The Impossible Dream (The Quest)\" (Joe Darion, Mitch Leigh) – 2:39 \"Unchained Melody\" (Hy Zaret, Alex North) – 3:16 \"Can't Help Falling in Love\" (Luigi Creatore, Hugo Peretti, George David Weiss) – 3:15 \"Somethin' Stupid\" (C. Carson Parks) – 2:59 \"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head\" (Burt Bacharach, Hal David) – 3:11 \"I Think I Love You\" (Tony Romeo) – 2:42 \"The Look of Love\" (Bacharach, David) – 2:55 \"We've Only Just Begun\" (Roger Nichols, Paul Williams) – 3:15 \"Aquarius/Let the Sunshine In\" (Galt MacDermot, James Rado, Gerome Ragni) – 3:51 \"It's So Easy\" (Dor Lee, Dave Watkins) – 2:29 \"Wives and Lovers\" (Bacharach, David) – 2:20 \"Days of Wine and Roses\" (Mancini, Mercer) – 2:48 \"Stranger on the Shore\" (Acker Bilk) – 2:50 \"Solitaire\" (Phil Cody, Neil Sedaka) – 4:22 \"May Each Day\" (Mort Green, George Wyle) – 2:54 \"Can't Take My Eyes Off You\" (Crewe, Gaudio) – 3:43 References 2005 compilation albums Andy Williams compilation albums", "title": "Music to Watch Girls By: The Very Best of Andy Williams" }, { "docid": "473426", "text": "Siguiriyas (; also seguiriyas, siguerillas, siguirillas, seguidilla gitana, etc.) are a form of flamenco music in the cante jondo category. This deep, expressive style is among the most important in flamenco. Unlike other palos of flamenco, siguiriyas stands out for being purely Romani (Calé) in origin. Siguiriyas are normally played in the key of A Phrygian with each measure (the compás) consisting of 12 counts with emphasis on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 8th and 11th beats as shown here: [1] 2 [3] 4 [5] 6 7 [8] 9 10 [11] 12 This rhythm can be contrasted with the rhythmic pattern of the soleares, which also has 12 beats, but the accents fall differently. Taking the unusual accenting into account, it can technically be seen as a measure of 3/4 (counted in eighth notes) starting on \"2\", then a measure of 6/8 followed by the \"1 and\" of the 3/4. Every note is evenly spaced apart. For example: [2] and [3] and [1] 2 3 [4] 5 6 [1] and However, this presents difficulties in counting and is counted more simply in 5 beats, with three \"short\" and two \"long\" beats: [1] and [2] and [3] and uh [4] and uh [5] and In this case, the 1, 2, and 5 are the short beats and the 3 and 4 are long beats. Siguiriyas are also often counted as a soleá started on 8, so the accents fall on: [8] 9 [10] 11 [12] 1 2 [3] 4 5 [6] 7 Siguiriyas are often played with rubato which allow the singer to sing more expressively during a performance. During a performance, singers and dancers will increase and decrease the tempo for dramatic effect. The compás often includes counter rhythms played by the guitar, palmas or the footwork of the dancers, creating interlocking rhythmic patterns. Cante and structure The lyrics of siguiriyas deal with tragic themes such as imprisonment (e.g., Calabosito Oscuro sung by Juanito Valderrama) the death of a loved one and death in general (e.g., Si Acaso Muero sung by Camarón De La Isla), love, and religious ideas. The oldest forms of siguiriyas were performed without musical accompaniment, akin to tonás. The more modern forms are accompanied by the guitar, where the nuances of the cante make it one of the most difficult styles to accompany and interpret. Traditionally, the verses of siguiriyas are constructed of two short 6 syllable lines, followed by a longer 11 syllable line, then ending with another 6 syllable line, the rhythm being provided by the syllables of the words. An example of this is a verse which has been attributed to Tomas El Nitri: Por aquella Ventana Que al campo salía Le daba voces a la mare de mi alma Y no me respondía Through that window Looking out onto the fields I called out for the mother of my soul And she did not answer me . This structure is not always strictly adhered to and in practice siguiriyas can be sung in", "title": "Siguiriyas" }, { "docid": "5352818", "text": "Chilly was a German Euro disco/rock band from 1978 to 1983. They were created and produced by the producer, composer and book author Bernt Möhrle. Their first album \"For your Love\" included a suite 11:50 (long version) of the song \"For Your Love\", recorded with an arrangement by Christian Kolonovits and Bernt Möhrle. The original \"For Your Love\" was a Yardbirds hit released in 1965, written by Graham Gouldman. Bernt Möhrle added new lyrics and composed additional music to the arrangement \"I Walk alone\" and the suite became a great international disco hit. Other famous songs include hits like \"Friday On My Mind\", \"Johnny Loves Jenny\", \"Come to L.A.\", \"Simply a Love Song\", \"Secret Lies\", \"Come Lets Go\", \"We Are The Popkings\", \"Get Up And Move\", \"Oh I Love You\" \"For Your Love Ibiza Megamix\",\"Goo Goo Eyes\". Bernt Möhrle created with \"For Your Love\" a new standard in Disco music in the late 70s and early 80s. It remained on the Billboard dance club songs charts for 7 weeks peaking at number 38 in April 1979. His version was used and remixed among others by DJ Hell on the album Munich Machine. It was also re-released in 2006 by the French label D-Classics in an edited version called \"4 Love\" made by Dylan Petit and in 2011 by Chocolate Puma feat. Colonel Red The members of Chilly were Brad Howell: singer, Ute Weber: singer, Werner Suedhoff: dancer, Andrea Linz: dancer, Sofia Ejango: dancer, Oscar Pearson: dancer. Discography For Your Love (1978) For Your Love And For Love Suite Better Stop Dance With Me C'mon Baby Key Of Love Sensation Love Love Love Come to L.A. (1979) Sunshine Of Your Love Heartattack In My Cadillac Sacrifice Come To L.A. Get Up And Move Layla Springtime Friday On My Mind Have Some Fun Tonight Showbiz (1980) There's No Business Like Showbusiness Showbiz Rock'n Roll Sally Taxman Come Let's Go The Race Thank You Days Two Wrongs Don't Make A Right We Are The Popkings I Hear You Knocking Gotta Move On When The Lights Go Down Secret Lies (1982) Dimension 5 Secret Lies Ten Million Dollar Baby Brain Storming Doll Queen Stars Simply A Love Song Play Me A Classic Symphony The Sun Ain't Gonna Shine Anymore Runaround Energy Hide Devil's Dance (1983) For Your Love Techno One Moment One Second Peep Peep Love On The Rebound Portable Movement Soulflashback Goo Goo Eyes Jambo Africa Man From The East Cant We Talk It Over Devil's Dance Johnny Loves Jenny Rosi Rice References External links [ Allmusic.com Chilly] Eurodisco groups German musical groups Hansa Records artists", "title": "Chilly (band)" }, { "docid": "16314408", "text": "That's Just the Woman in Me is a one-off American television special by the Canadian singer Celine Dion that was broadcast by CBS on 15 February 2008 and was recorded at the Wiltern Theatre in Los Angeles, California, on 12 January 2008. The show celebrated her return to performing after five years in Las Vegas and was a promotion for her latest studio album, Taking Chances. The special also marked as Dion's 5th CBS concert since her 2003 Celine in Las Vegas, Opening Night Live special which showed footage of Opening Night performance of her first Vegas residency show A New Day.... The show was quickly put together after the success of An Audience with Celine Dion in the UK. The program featured Celine performing a few of her memorable hits along with new tracks from the album. Special guests included: Olivia Trinidad Arias (widow of George Harrison) Joe Walsh (from The Eagles) David Foster (famous songwriter and producer) Halle Berry (Academy Award winner) Caroline Rhea (comedian) Corbin Bleu (from High School Musical) will.i.am (record producer, songwriter and member of The Black Eyed Peas) Josh Groban (singer) Jennifer Love Hewitt (actress, singer and songwriter) Ross McCall (actor) The show's format was similar to An Audience with..., where Dion was asked questions by the audience. Dion began the show with the triumphant \"River Deep Mountain High\". Next, she sang the first single from Taking Chances. She dedicated \"The Power of Love\" to the engaged couple Jennifer Love Hewitt and Ross McCall. The show continued with Dion singing \"The Prayer\" with Josh Groban. She did a little beatboxing before she performed an unreleased remix of \"Eyes on Me\" with will.i.am. She also performed the Beatles song, \"Something\", with Joe Walsh on guitar and dedicated the song to George Harrison's widow. Dion said that the song had a special place in her heart because it was the first song her son, René Charles, learned to play on the piano. She sang \"Alone\", a song written by Billy Steinberg and Tom Kelly and popularized by Heart. She closed the show with a song she wanted to record over 15 years ago, \"That's Just the Woman in Me\". The song was originally recorded by fellow Eurovision Song Contest winners Katrina & The Waves. Dion also performed a medley of \"It's All Coming Back to Me Now\", \"Because You Loved Me\", and \"To Love You More\". Additionally, \"My Heart Will Go On' was performed as the encore. However, those performances were cut from the broadcast. Set list \"River Deep Mountain High\" \"Taking Chances\" \"The Power of Love\" \"The Prayer\" (with Josh Groban) \"Eyes on Me\" (remix feat. will.i.am) \"Something\" (with Joe Walsh on guitar) \"Alone\" \"That's Just the Woman in Me\" References Celine Dion CBS television specials", "title": "That's Just the Woman in Me" }, { "docid": "5266873", "text": "Good Times is the twentieth studio album by American singer and musician Elvis Presley, released on March 20, 1974. The album was constructed by the first pick of a session held at Stax Studios in Memphis in December 1973 and two songs, \"I've Got a Thing About You Baby\" and \"Take Good Care of Her\", which were left over from the session at Stax in July 1973. The album includes a collection of songs that vary in style and genre. Released the same day as the recording of Elvis: Recorded Live on Stage in Memphis was being made, the title was taken from the song \"Talk About the Good Times\". Many of the songs are covers of hits at the time, like \"Spanish Eyes\" and \"She Wears My Ring\". Charting low at the time of its release, it was considered typical 1970s Elvis material and was his first album to hit the \"cut-out bins\". The album did have some success though upon its original release, becoming a Cashbox Country Albums number 1 hit and charting in the Top 50 in the UK. Original copies of the LP with the sticker on the cover (stating the singles on the album) are very rare and sell for large amounts on auction sites. The album released two singles, both hits: \"I've Got a Thing About You Baby\" rose to number 4 on the Country charts, number 39 pop; \"My Boy\" hit number 1 on the Adult Contemporary charts, as well as number 14 Country and number 20 Pop. Track listing Original release Follow That Dream re-issue Personnel Elvis Presley – lead vocals James Burton – lead guitar Charlie Hodge – acoustic rhythm guitar Reggie Young – guitar Johnny Christopher – guitar Dennis Linde – guitar on \"Take Good Care of Her\" and \"I Got a Thing About You Baby\" Bobby Wood – piano except \"My Boy\" Per Erik \"Pete\" Hallin – piano on \"My Boy\" Tommy Cogbill – bass guitar on \"Take Good Care of Her\" and \"I’ve Got a Thing About You Baby\" Norbert Putnam – bass guitar Bobby Emmons – Hammond organ except \"My Boy\" David Briggs – Hammond organ on \"My Boy\" Ron Tutt – drums Jerry Carrigan – drums on \"Take Good Care of Her\" and \"I’ve Got a Thing About You Baby\" Joe Esposito – percussion on \"Take Good Care of Her\" and \"I've Got a Thing About You Baby\" (uncertain) Mary and Ginger Holliday – backing vocals Kathy Westmoreland – backing vocals J. D. Sumner & The Stamps, Voice – backing vocals Mike Leech – string and horn arrangements Glen Spreen – string arrangement on \"Take Good Care of Her\" and \"I've Got a Thing About You Baby\" Technical Al Pachucki, Dick Baxter, Mickey Crofford, Mike Moran – engineers References External links CPL1-0475 Good Times Guide part of The Elvis Presley Record Research Database AFL1-0475 Good Times Guide part of The Elvis Presley Record Research Database Yahoo! Music page Elvis Presley albums 1974 albums Albums produced by", "title": "Good Times (Elvis Presley album)" }, { "docid": "8746252", "text": "Prentice Moreland (March 4, 1925 – September 1988) was an American R&B and doo wop singer of the 1950s and early 1960s. Early life Moreland was born on March 4, 1925, in East St. Louis, Illinois. At some points in his life, he claimed to be related to comedian Mantan Moreland; although he called Mantan his uncle and the two men got along well, Moreland's daughter says there was never any confirmation of an actual familial relationship. Career Moreland was a member of many vocal groups including The Dominoes, The Du Droppers, The Chanteclairs, The Cadets, The Crescendos, The Colts, The Fortunes, The Hollywood Flames, and possibly The Sevilles (the group that had a hit with \"Charlena\" in 1961). Moreland replaced Ted Taylor (who had left for a solo career) on The Cadets' \"Stranded In The Jungle\" session and was the one who came up with the \"Great Googa Mooga! Lemme outta here!\" line in the song. Aaron Collins of The Cadets said of Moreland's line \"I think he picked that up from Rochester (Anderson). Prentice knew Rochester pretty well.\" At the same session, he recorded a solo version of \"Memories Of You,\" a song that had been done by The Ink Spots in 1939; it was released on RPM Records in 1957. He recorded along with Jackie Wilson, Milton Merle, and Cliff Givens in The Dominoes in 1955, later returning to the group a few more times. With the Crescendos, he recorded \"Finders Keepers\" and \"Sweet Dreams\" for Atlantic Records in 1956, alongside Bobby Relf of The Laurels, Young Jessie of The Flairs, and Bobby Byrd of The Hollywood Flames. He was asked by Buck Ram to join The Platters but Moreland refused because he had to take care of one of his daughters (Arlene Eunice Moreland) Around the same time that Moreland recorded with The Chanteclairs on Dot Records in 1954 (as \"Prentice Moore\"), there was a Dot recording called \"You Gave Me Heartaches\" by Prentice Miller. It is possible that \"Prentice Miller\" is actually Prentice Moreland. Moreland's name is listed as \"Prince Moreland\" for the recordings he did for Johnny Otis' Dig Records in 1956. One of the songs, \"My Mother's Eyes\" was previously sung in the 1929 film Lucky Boy by George Jessel. Moreland also sang two Ivory Joe Hunter songs, \"I Almost Lost My Mind\" and \"I Need You So.\" In the '60s, Moreland was a member of several imposter and spin-off Ink Spots groups, including those fronted by Cliff Givens, George Holmes, and Orville Brooks. He was never a member of the original Ink Spots that recorded for Decca. According to singers Young Jessie and Bobby Nunn, The Coasters' big hit \"Searchin'\" from 1957 had originally been put together by Moreland, Bobby Day, Earl Nelson, and Young Jessie at Bobby Day's house about three years before it was recorded. Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller heard their song and wrote more lyrics to the song, adding references to movie detectives. Moreland worked in the clubs", "title": "Prentice Moreland" }, { "docid": "30726278", "text": "The Texas Campfire Tapes is the first album by American singer and songwriter Michelle Shocked. The album was on a Sony Walkman during an impromptu set performed by Shocked around a campfire at the Kerrville Folk Festival in Texas; the recording was made by Pete Lawrence, founder of the Cooking Vinyl label, on his first visit to the USA. It was then released by Cooking Vinyl in 1986 and Shocked moved over to Europe to support and promote the album, which was subsequently released by Mercury Records. The album reached the top spot on the British independent record chart. It was remastered and reissued in 2003 as a two-CD set called Texas Campfire Takes by Shocked's own label, Mighty Sound. Another version of \"Fogtown\" appears as a \"hidden track\" on Shocked's breakthrough album Short Sharp Shocked (1988), where she is backed by the hardcore punk band MDC. Critical reception Robert Christgau wrote that Shocked \"has a reporter's eye and a tale-spinner's ear.\" Trouser Press called Shocked \"an uncertain but ambitious singer whose early style was a weave of jazz, blues and rock’n’roll as much as folk, she comes off as a talented amateur with modestly appealing songs and the hint of substantial potential.\" Track listing All tracks composed by Michelle Shocked, except where indicated Original Album \"5 A.M. in Amsterdam\" \"The Secret Admirer\" \"The Incomplete Image\" \"Who Cares?\" \"Down on Thomas St\" \"Fogtown\" \"Steppin' Out\" \"The Hep Cat\" \"Necktie\" \"(Don't you mess around with) My Little Sister\" \"The Ballad of Patch Eye and Meg\" \"The Secret to a Long Life (is knowing when it's time to go)\" 2003 Mighty Sound CD reissue (Disk two) \"5 A.M. in Amsterdam\" \"Fogtown\" \"4/4 Troubador\" \"Steppin' Out\" \"Hold Me Back\" \"Fool for Cocaine\" \"Down on Thomas St\"/ \"Hardly Gonna Miss Him\" \"Hep Cat\" \"Necktie\" \"My Little Sister\" \"Patcheye and Meg\" \"Secret to a Long Life\" \"When I Grow Up\" \"Ghost Town\" \"Secret Admirer\" \"Black Widow\" \"Chain Smoker\" \"Old Time Feeling\" \"Stranded in a Limousine\" (Paul Simon) \"Goodnight, Irene\" (Huddie Ledbetter/Traditional) \"C.C. Rider\" (Gertrude \"Ma\" Rainey, Lena Arant) \"Contest Coming\" \"Lagniappe\"/\"Memories of East Texas\" References Michelle Shocked albums 1986 debut albums Cooking Vinyl albums", "title": "The Texas Campfire Tapes" }, { "docid": "12914454", "text": "\"How Can You Expect to Be Taken Seriously?\" is a song by English synth-pop duo Pet Shop Boys from their fourth studio album, Behaviour (1990). It was released in the United Kingdom on 11 March 1991 as a double A-side with \"Where the Streets Have No Name (I Can't Take My Eyes Off You)\", serving as the third single from Behaviour. For the single, Brothers in Rhythm remixed the track. The track was subsequently released as a solo single in the United States and France; it peaked at number 93 on the US Billboard Hot 100. As \"Being Boring\" and \"It's Alright\" were not released in the US, tracks from these releases were used on a number of US releases. The accompanying music video received heavy rotation on MTV Europe. Neil Tennant later said that the track \"was inspired by a female pop star from 1989\". Of interest to collectors, EMI USA commissioned dance DJ David Morales to create five remixes that were released to clubs and DJs on a limited promotion 12-inch. Morales would later work with the duo co-writing and co-producing the 1999 single \"New York City Boy\". Track listings \"How Can You Expect to Be Taken Seriously?\" was heavily remixed for single release. The version used for the music video was also released on 7-inch vinyl and cassette-single. Due to its playing time of 4:10 minutes, it is often confused with the similar \"Perfect Attitude mix\", which has an identical playing time, but a different introduction. French 7-inch and cassette single \"How Can You Expect to Be Taken Seriously?\" – 4:10 \"Where the Streets Have No Name (I Can't Take My Eyes Off You)\" (7-inch edit) – 4:33 French 12-inch single A1. \"How Can You Expect to Be Taken Seriously?\" (extended mix) – 6:05 B1. \"Where the Streets Have No Name (I Can't Take My Eyes Off You)\" (extended mix) – 8:43 B2. \"Bet She's Not Your Girlfriend\" – 4:27 French CD single \"How Can You Expect to Be Taken Seriously?\" (extended mix) \"Where the Streets Have No Name (I Can't Take My Eyes Off You)\" \"Bet She's Not Your Girlfriend\" \"How Can You Expect to Be Taken Seriously?\" (classical reprise) US CD single \"How Can You Expect to Be Taken Seriously?\" (original album version) – 3:54 \"How Can You Expect to Be Taken Seriously?\" (7-inch Perfect Attitude mix) – 4:10 \"How Can You Expect to Be Taken Seriously?\" (classical reprise) – 3:05 \"It's Alright\" (7-inch mix) – 4:18 \"We All Feel Better in the Dark\" – 3:59 \"Being Boring\" (Marshall Jefferson 12-inch mix) – 9:03 Note: Track 4 is mislabelled as the \"Trevor Horn mix\" US 12-inch single \"How Can You Expect to Be Taken Seriously?\" (12-inch mix) – 6:03 \"How Can You Expect to Be Taken Seriously?\" (7-inch Perfect Attitude mix) – 4:10 \"How Can You Expect to Be Taken Seriously?\" (classical reprise) – 3:05 \"Being Boring\" (12-inch mix) – 9:03 \"We All Feel Better in the Dark\" – 3:59 US cassette single \"How Can", "title": "How Can You Expect to Be Taken Seriously?" }, { "docid": "13861809", "text": "\"Drop Me Off in Harlem\" is a 1933 song composed during the Harlem Renaissance composed by Duke Ellington, with lyrics written by Nick Kenny. A.H. Lawrence writes that the song originated from an off the cuff remark from Ellington. Nick Kenny had hailed a taxi, and offered to share it with Ellington. Kenny asked \"Where to, Duke?\", and Ellington replied \"Drop me off at Harlem\". Kenny then fashioned lyrics from Ellington's remark and presented him with them a few days later at the Cotton Club. Notable recordings Duke Ellington and his Orchestra, February 17, 1933 Ella Fitzgerald - Ella Fitzgerald Sings the Duke Ellington Songbook (1958) Duke Ellington and Louis Armstrong on The Great Summit (1961, re released 2001) This recording appeared in the 1989 film Harlem Nights. Richie Kamuca - Drop Me Off at Harlem (1975) Ran Blake - Duke Dreams (1981) Sun Ra - Nuclear War (1982) George Shearing Quintet - \"Back To Birdland\" (Telarc 2001) Lyrics (ORIGINAL VERSION) Drop me off in Harlem Any place in Harlem There's someone waiting there Who makes it seem like Heaven up in Harlem I don't want your Dixie You can keep your Dixie There's no one down in Dixie Who can take me 'way from my hot Harlem Harlem has those southern skies, They're in my baby's smile, I idolize my baby's eyes And classy up-town style If Harlem moved to China, I know of nothing finer, Than to stow away on a 'plane some day And have them drop me off in Harlem Harlem has those southern skies, They're in my baby's smile I idolize my baby's eyes And classy up-town style If Harlem moved to China, I know of nothing finer, Than to stow away on a 'plane some day And have them drop me off in Harlem If Harlem moved to China I know nothing finer than to be in Harlem (ARMSTRONG VERSION) Drop me off in Harlem Yea, good ol' Harlem You have your fun under the Harlem sun So drop me off in Harlem There's Duke Ellington up in Harlem He writes all his tunes in Harlem And old Satchmo's still swingin' Way up in Harlem All the cats are still up there They're beatin' out those riffs And Apollo of Puerto Rico Will give you a great big lisp Yes, drop me off in Harlem Yea ma, beautiful Harlem You get red beans and rice It's very nice Way up there in Harlem Notes See also List of 1930s jazz standards Songs with music by Duke Ellington Songs about New York City 1930s jazz standards 1933 songs Songs with lyrics by Nick Kenny (poet) Jazz songs", "title": "Drop Me Off in Harlem" }, { "docid": "66150870", "text": "The Romantic World of Eddy Arnold is a studio album by country music singer Eddy Arnold. It was released in 1968 by RCA Victor. The album debuted on Billboard magazine's Top Country Albums chart on June 8, 1968, peaked at No. 2, and remained on the chart for a total of 38 weeks. The album included the No. 4 hit, \"It's Over\". AllMusic gave the album a rating of two stars. Track listing Side A \"It's Over\" (Rodgers) \"By the Time I Get to Phoenix\" (Webb) \"What Now My Love\" (Sigman, Becaud, Delanoe) \"Can't Take My Eyes off You\" (Crewe, Gaudio) \"Am I That Easy to Forget\" (Belew, Stevenson) \"What a Wonderful World\" (Douglas, Weiss) Side B \"Honey\" (Russell) \"No Matter Whose Baby You Are\" (Chapel) \"Gentle on My Mind\" (Hartford) \"From This Minute On\" (Peters) \"Evergreen\" (Belew, Givens) \"I Really Go for You\" (Chapel) References 1968 albums Eddy Arnold albums RCA Victor albums", "title": "The Romantic World of Eddy Arnold" }, { "docid": "57127899", "text": "\"On the Beach\" is a song by British singer-songwriter Chris Rea that was released in 1986, as the second single from his eighth studio album, On the Beach. It was written by Rea and produced by Rea and David Richards. \"On the Beach\" reached 57 in the United Kingdom in 1986, and also charted in France and the Netherlands. In 1988, Rea re-recorded \"On the Beach\" for his album New Light Through Old Windows and released it as a single. Produced by Rea and Jon Kelly, it reached No. 12 in the UK and No. 18 in Ireland. In 1989, it reached No. 9 on the US Billboard Adult Contemporary chart. Background \"On the Beach\" was inspired by the Spanish island Formentera off the coast of Ibiza. Speaking to Songfacts, Rea said, \"That's where me and my wife became me and my wife. That's what it's about. Yeah, I was 'between the eyes of love.' It's a lovely island if ever you're in Europe.\" Critical reception In a retrospective review of the On the Beach album, Rob Caldwell of AllMusic described the song as the \"standout track\", adding that the original version was \"the most evocative, a little slower and more meditative than [the] others.\" He recommended the song further by selecting it as an AMG Pick Track. Mike DeGagne, in an AllMusic review of New Light Through Old Windows commented that the song, along with \"Let's Dance\", \"represent a lean toward a more commercial sound.\" Track listing Original release 7-inch single \"On the Beach (Special Remix)\" – 4:20 \"If Anybody Asks You\" – 5:00 7-inch single (alternative release) \"On the Beach\" – 5:03 \"On the Beach (Special Remix)\" – 4:20 2x 7-inch single (UK limited edition release) \"On the Beach (Special Remix)\" – 4:20 \"If Anybody Asks You\" – 5:00 \"Chris Rea Live\" – 3:37 Live at the Hammersmith Odeon - London 2 May 1986 \"Chris Rea Live\" – 4:31 Live at the Hammersmith Odeon - London 2 May 1986 7-inch single (US release) \"On the Beach (Edit)\" – 3:47 \"Se Sequi\" – 5:03 7-inch single (US promo) \"On the Beach (Edit)\" – 3:47 \"On the Beach (Edit)\" – 3:47 12-inch single \"On the Beach (Special Extended Remix)\" – 6:02 \"If Anybody Asks You\" – 5:00 \"On the Beach (Special Remix)\" – 4:20 12-inch single (Italian promo) \"On the Beach (Special Remix)\" – 4:20 \"If Anybody Asks You\" – 5:00 \"One Golden Rule\" – 4:45 \"Midnight Blue\" – 6:28 1988 release 7-inch single \"On the Beach Summer '88\" – 3:45 \"I'm Taking the Day Out\" – 3:25 12-inch single \"On the Beach Summer '88\" – 6:50 \"I'm Taking the Day Out\" – 3:25 \"It's All Gone (Live in Montreux)\" – 8:10 CD single \"On the Beach Summer '88\" – 3:44 \"I'm Taking the Day Out\" – 3:23 \"It's All Gone (Live in Montreux)\" – 8:11 \"September Blue\" – 3:06 CD single (US promo) \"On the Beach (Edit)\" – 3:47 \"On the Beach (LP Version)\" – 6:50 Personnel 1986 version", "title": "On the Beach (Chris Rea song)" }, { "docid": "4287068", "text": "Tatjana Šimić (born 9 June 1963), also known by the mononym Tatjana, is a Croatian-Dutch model, actress and singer. Biography Šimić was born in Zagreb, PR Croatia, Yugoslavia on 9 June 1963, but moved with her mother and sister to Rotterdam in 1979 at the age of 16. In the 1980s, having won a national modeling contest, she commenced work as an actress and model. In the Netherlands, Belgium and Germany, she remains known for her portrayal of the character Kees Flodder, a daughter in the dysfunctional and anti-social Flodder family, which featured in several Dutch comedy films and a television series in the 1980s and 1990s. The original movie was popular in the Netherlands, reaching two and a half million viewers. Šimić, a sex symbol, has appeared on the cover of Playboy seventeen times between 1988 and 1996; thirteen times on the Dutch edition and four times on the German edition. In December 2012, she made her last appearance in the Dutch Playboy's Christmas special. Šimić started a recording career in 1987 with her first single, \"Baby Love\". Her song \"Chica Cubana\" became a hit in Europe, followed a year later by \"Awaka Boy\" in 1989. In 1992, she recorded a version of \"Can't Take My Eyes Off You\" with Dutch singer Gerard Joling. Her first album was released in 1993 and included the hit \"Feel Good\" which reached #25 in the Netherlands Top 40. Her best known song \"Santa Maria\" was recorded and produced by Mike Stock and Matt Aitken of Stock Aitken Waterman becoming an international dance hit. It peaked at #40 in the UK Singles Chart in September 1996. A follow-up single \"Calendar Girl\" (1996) failed to attract the same success. A full album produced by Stock & Aitken's in-house producers Dave Ford, Julian Gingell and Peter Day called New Look was released in Japan (titled Santa Maria) and the Netherlands. It included the singles, \"Santa Maria\", \"Calendar Girl\" and new singles \"First Time\" and \"Sweet Sweet Smile\". Since then she has released a number of dance singles, with \"Baila Baila\" reaching the Dutch Top 40 at #24 in 2001. In 2008, Tatjana made a comeback to the music scene with the Dutch language song Ik Laat Je Gaan, a cover of Croatian artist Tony Cetinski's Blago Onom Tko Te Ima, which left her signature disco sound behind for a more rock pop style. The track was Tatjana's biggest Dutch hit to date reaching #11 in the Dutch Singles Chart. Discography Albums 1991: Tatjana 1993: Feel Good 1996: Santa Maria 1997: New Look NL #70 Singles 1987: \"Baby Love\" 1987: \"Dance With Me\" 1988: \"Chica Cubana\" NL #11 1988: \"Awaka Boy\" NL #40 1990: \"A Letter To Your Heart\" 1991: \"You and Me\" NL #81 1992: \"Can't Take My Eyes Off You\" NL #6 1992: \"He's My Man\" 1993: \"Feel Good\" NL #21 1993: \"Never Never\" 1994: \"Don't You Want Me Baby\" 1994: Na Na Na Na (Come On Let's Go Out) 1995: \"Santa Maria\" NL", "title": "Tatjana Šimić" }, { "docid": "43563384", "text": "The first series of the British television drama series Grange Hill began broadcasting on 8 February 1978, before ending on 5 April 1978 on BBC One. The series follows the lives of the staff and pupils of the eponymous school, an inner-city London comprehensive school. It consists of nine episodes. Cast and characters Pupils Teachers Episodes {\| class=\"wikitable\" style=\"width:100%;\" \|- ! style=\"background-color: #333333; color:white\"\| No. ! style=\"background: #333333; color:white\"\| Episode ! style=\"background: #333333; color:white\"\| Writer ! style=\"background: #333333; color:white\"\| Director ! style=\"background: #333333; color:white\"\| Original airdate \|- \| align=\"center\"\| 1 \| align=\"center\"\| Episode One \| align=\"center\"\| Phil Redmond \| align=\"center\"\| Colin Cant \| align=\"center\"\| 8 February 1978 \|- \| style=\"background:white\" colspan=\"5\" \|The new comprehensive looks intimidating to Justin Bennett and Judy Preston. Trisha Yates makes it clear that she's not putting up with any nonsense from Tucker Jenkins and Ann Wilson has some difficulty finding the school at all. First appearances: Benny Green, Peter \"Tucker\" Jenkins, Alan Humphries, Justin Bennett, Ann Wilson, Tommy Watson, Trisha Yates, Carol Yates, David Lewis, Mr Tony \"Old Mitch\" Mitchell, Mr \"Frosty\" Foster, Mr Rankin, Margaret Shaw, Mary Johnson, Jackie Heron, Brenda, Lucy, Mrs Monroe and Mr Garfield. \|- style=\"background:#333333; height:2px\" \| colspan=\"5\" \| \|- \| align=\"center\"\| 2 \| align=\"center\"\| Episode Two \| align=\"center\"\| Phil Redmond \| align=\"center\"\| Colin Cant \| align=\"center\"\| 15 February 1978 \|- \| style=\"background:white\" colspan=\"5\" \|When Benny Green kicks his football across the path of Mr. Mitchell's car, the teacher tells him off for being careless. Relenting a little, Mr. Mitchell asks if Benny will be trying for the team, but Benny tells him he has no football boots. In P.E, Mr. Foster makes it clear the correct gear must be worn, but Benny's still trying to find the right place – after embarrassingly getting undressed in what turns out to be the girls changing room, he does find the gym. \|- style=\"background:#333333; height:2px\" \| colspan=\"5\" \| \|- \| align=\"center\"\| 3 \| align=\"center\"\| Episode Three \| align=\"center\"\| Phil Redmond \| align=\"center\"\| Colin Cant \| align=\"center\"\| 22 February 1978 \|- \| style=\"background:white\" colspan=\"5\" \|Judy is unhappy because she has no friends, but Trisha sticks up for her when Tucker playfully plays Piggy in the Middle with Judy's satchel. Outside, Jackie Heron and her cronies demand money with menaces, but find Judy's 20p insufficient. Jackie takes Judy's precious fountain pen as security against 75p to be brought the next day. The next day, Jackie finds Judy outside near the sweet shop, and insists she goes home to get the money – but Trisha is also watching with her sister Carol. \|- style=\"background:#333333; height:2px\" \| colspan=\"5\" \| \|- \| align=\"center\"\| 4 \| align=\"center\"\| Episode Four \| align=\"center\"\| Phil Redmond \| align=\"center\"\| Colin Cant \| align=\"center\"\| 1 March 1978 \|- \| style=\"background:white\" colspan=\"5\" \|When Form One Alpha's boys go swimming, Tucker hides Justin's trousers. Mr. Mitchell appeals to the class for information about the missing apparel. \"Are you sure you put them on this morning?\" asks Benny innocently. There's another swimming lesson for the boys", "title": "Grange Hill series 1" }, { "docid": "12197379", "text": "Bambera () is a cante, one of many traditional song forms associated with flamenco. Definition The bambera or bamba derives from the cante de columpio, meaning \"song of the swing\", which is one of the traditional Andalusian song forms associated with flamenco. These songs were known as bambas or mecederos (from a Spanish word meaning 'to sway'), because they were sung to the rhythm of a swing. Jose de Bisso in his Chronicle of the Province of Seville (1868) describes it thus: The Vampas or Bambas is a double swing that is suspended from a heavy tree, the walnut tree, and crossed with a quite resistant plank; the pair that are rocked are placed in it while the group sings and pushes the swing. Each song sung by one of those in the group, is answered by one of those on the swing; but the unique thing about these occasions is that lovers get a chance to hear each other's complaints, jealousies, disdain, tenderness, galantries, resentments, snubs etc. expressed through an improvised song with lively imagination and perspective and the release of contained passion. Origin The origin of the bamba/bambera is ascribed to the flamenco singer known as Niña de los Peines (real name Pastora María Pavón Cruz 1890 – 1969), considered one of the most important voices in the history of the art. This song form was further developed by Naranjito de Triana who imposed the distinctive rhythmic pattern of 12 count soleá. Composition The bamba has four octosyllabic lines or alternatively, a first and third line of seven syllables with a second and fourth line of five syllables. The first two lines are generally repeated at the end of each verse, or sometimes only the second line is repeated thus making a five line verse. Composers The bamba has been recorded by many singers; among others are La Niña de los Peines, Enrique Morente, Carmen Linares and Rocío Jurado. Example of a bamba Péinate tú con mis peines, que mis peines son de azúcar, quien con mis peines se peina, hasta los dedos se chupa. Péinate tú con mis peines, mis peines son de canela, la gachí que se peina con mis peines, canela lleva de veras. La Niña de los Peines (Pastora María Pavón Cruz) (The swing is holding well) (with a rope falling.) (to push you swinging) (My hands on your hips) Sources Spanish Wikipedia Flamenco Spanish dances Spanish folk music Music of Spain", "title": "Bambera" } ]	[ "Frankie Valli" ]
train_7068	where is california state university east bay located	[ { "docid": "510993", "text": "California State University, East Bay (Cal State East Bay, CSU East Bay, or CSUEB) is a public university in Hayward, California. The university is part of the California State University system and offers 136 undergraduate and 60 post-baccalaureate areas of study. Founded in 1957, California State University, East Bay has a student body of almost 14,000. As of Fall 2021, it had 863 faculty, of whom 358 (41%) were on the tenure track. The university's largest and oldest college campus is located in Hayward, with additional centers in the nearby cities of Oakland and Concord. With multiple locations across the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area, the school changed its name from California State University, Hayward to its present name in 2005. Cal State East Bay is a Hispanic-serving institution and an Asian American and Native American Pacific Islander-Serving Institution. History The university was established as State College for Alameda County (Alameda State College), with its primary mission to serve the higher education needs of both Alameda County and Contra Costa County. Its construction was part of the California Master Plan for Higher Education as proposed by Clark Kerr and the original site for the school was Pleasanton, California. The campus was moved to Hayward before plans were finalized due to the efforts of State Assembly member Carlos Bee and other boosters from the Hayward community, including S.E. Bond Jr, and E. Guy Warren, namesake of Warren Hall. At the time of its opening in 1959, classes were first held on the campus of Sunset High School and then Hayward High School. With the addition of the school, higher education in the San Francisco Bay Area became more accessible. To the south was San Jose State College (now San Jose State University) serving the South Bay counties. To the west was San Francisco State College (now San Francisco State University) serving San Francisco and San Mateo Counties. To the north is Sonoma State University, serving Marin, Napa and Sonoma counties. Chabot College, a part of the California Community College system, opened nearby in Hayward in 1961. The university has undergone numerous transitions in its history, making name changes accordingly. In 1961, the school was moved to its present location in the Hayward Hills and renamed Alameda County State College. In 1963, the name was changed to California State College at Hayward. The school was granted university status in 1972, changing its name to California State University, Hayward. In 2005, the university implemented a new, broader mission to serve the eastern San Francisco Bay Area and adopted the name California State University, East Bay. The proposal to rename the campus to California State University, East Bay was approved by the California State University Board of Trustees on January 26, 2005. Presidents Cathy Sandeen, an Oakland native and alumnus of two other California State University institutions: Humboldt State University (B.S. in Speech Pathology summa cum laude) and San Francisco State University (M.A. in Broadcast & Electronic Communication Arts), became", "title": "California State University, East Bay" }, { "docid": "29994723", "text": "The Cal State East Bay Pioneers (also CSU East Bay Pioneers, East Bay Pioneers, and CSUEB Pioneers; formerly Cal State Hayward) are the athletic teams that represent California State University, East Bay, located in Hayward, California, in intercollegiate sports as a member of the Division II level of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), primarily competing in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA) for most of their sports since the 2009–10 academic year; while its women's water polo teams compete in the Western Water Polo Association (WWPA). The Pioneers previously competed in the California Pacific Conference (Cal Pac) of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) from 1998–99 to 2008–09. History Cal State East Bay began Division II competition in 2008 as part of a transition to the NCAA and had previously been a dual member of NCAA Division III and the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) with ten sports competing as NCAA D-III Independents and five sports in the NAIA's California Pacific Conference. Historically, Cal State East Bay was a member of Division II from 1961–62 to 1997–98. From 1961 until their closing in 1993, the Pioneers football team won a total of six conference collegiate championships. Cal State East Bay has produced over 160 All-Americans and has won 77 conference championships in NCAA Divisions II and III, as well as in the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics. In 1972 and 1981, the women's outdoor track and field team won national championships. The first was an outright championship, and the second was as a member of the AIAW Division III. In 1979 and 1980 the women's cross country team won AIAW Division III national championships. In 1988 the women's soccer team won the NCAA Division II National Championship. In 2008, the women's water polo team won the Division III National Championship. Varsity teams CSUEB competes in 15 intercollegiate varsity sports: Men's sports include baseball, basketball, cross country, golf, soccer and track & field (indoor and outdoor); while women's sports include basketball, cross country, golf, soccer, softball, swimming, track & field (indoor and outdoor), volleyball and water polo. Championships Appearances The CSU East Bay Pioneers competed in the NCAA Tournament across 12 active sports (6 men's and 7 women's) 70 times at the Division II level. Baseball (3): 1972, 1977, 2016 Men's basketball (5): 1977, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988 Women's basketball (2): 1989, 2017 Men's cross country (1): 1986 Women's cross country (1): 1983 Men's golf (1): 2017 Men's soccer (8): 1974, 1975, 1976, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1988, 1989 Women's soccer (1): 1988, 2021 Softball (1): 1992 Women's swimming and diving (11): 1982, 1983, 1985, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1992, 2013, 2014, 2017, 2018 Men's outdoor track and field (23): 1965, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1989, 1991, 1992, 2016 Women's outdoor track and field (12): 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 2014 Women's volleyball (1): 2018 Team The Pioneers of CSU", "title": "Cal State East Bay Pioneers" }, { "docid": "70263229", "text": "The 2022 NCAA Division II women's basketball tournament was the single-elimination tournament to determine the national champion of women's NCAA Division II college basketball in the United States. The championship rounds were held March 21–25, 2022, at the Birmingham CrossPlex in Birmingham, Alabama. Glenville State won its first title by defeating Western Washington, 85–72. The tournament returned to its pre-COVID-19 pandemic field of sixty-four teams. Tournament schedule and venues Regionals First, second, and third-round games, which comprise each regional championship, will take place on campus sites on March 11, 12, and 14. The top-seeded team in each regional serves as host. These eight locations were chosen to host regional games for the 2022 tournament: Atlantic: Waco Center, Glenville State University, Glenville, West Virginia Central: Gross Memorial Coliseum, Fort Hays State University, Hays, Kansas East: Stan Spirou Field House, Southern New Hampshire University, Manchester, New Hampshire Midwest: Kates Gymnasium, Ashland University, Ashland, Ohio South: Fred DeLay Gymnasium, Union University, Jackson, Tennessee South Central: First United Bank Center, West Texas A&M University, Canyon, Texas Southeast: UNG Convocation Center, University of North Georgia, Dahlonega, Georgia West: Pioneer Gym, California State University, East Bay, Hayward, California Elite Eight The national quarterfinals, semifinals, and finals will be held on March 21, 23, and 25 at a pre-determined site, the Birmingham CrossPlex in Birmingham, Alabama. Qualification A total of sixty-four bids are available for the tournament: 23 automatic bids (awarded to the champions of the twenty-one Division II conferences) and 41 at-large bids. The bids are allocated evenly among the eight NCAA-designated regions (Atlantic, Central, East, Midwest, South, South Central, Southeast, and West), each of which contains either two or three of the twenty-three Division II conferences that sponsor men's basketball (after the Heartland Conference disbanded in 2019, the South Region now features only two conferences). Each region consists of two or three automatic qualifiers (the teams who won their respective conference tournaments) and either five or six at-large bids, awarded regardless of conference affiliation. Automatic bids (23) At-large bids (41) Regionals Atlantic Regional Site: Glenville, West Virginia (Glenville State) * – Denotes overtime period Central Regional Site: Hays, Kansas (Fort Hays State) * – Denotes overtime period East Regional Site: Manchester, New Hampshire (Southern New Hampshire) Midwest Regional Site: Ashland, Ohio (Ashland) South Regional Site: Jackson, Tennessee (Union (TN)) South Central Regional Site: Canyon, Texas (West Texas A&M) * – Denotes overtime period Southeast Regional Site: Dahlonega, Georgia (North Georgia) West Regional Site: Hayward, California (Cal State East Bay) * – Denotes overtime period Elite Eight - Birmingham, Alabama Location: Birmingham CrossPlex All-tournament team Re'Shawna Stone, Glenville State Zakiyah Winfield, Glenville State Dazha Congleton, Glenville State Emma Duff, Western Washington Brooke Walling, Western Washington See also 2022 NCAA Division I women's basketball tournament 2022 NCAA Division III women's basketball tournament 2022 NAIA women's basketball tournament 2022 NCAA Division II men's basketball tournament References NCAA Division II women's basketball tournament NCAA Division II women's basketball tournament College basketball tournaments in Alabama 2020s in Birmingham, Alabama Women's", "title": "2022 NCAA Division II women's basketball tournament" }, { "docid": "40237827", "text": "E. Guy Warren Hall, commonly known as Warren Hall, was a 13-story building at California State University, East Bay. It was the signature building of the campus in Hayward, California, overlooking the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area. The building was visible from cities throughout the Bay Area, and served as a landmark for Hayward and the East Bay. It was the tallest building in Hayward at the time, followed by the abandoned City Center Building in downtown Hayward. History The hall was named for E. Guy Warren, a Hayward trucking businessman who helped convince the state of California to open its campus in Hayward. The building held administration offices and classrooms for 40 years. The president's office was on the top floor and had extensive views. Demolition Warren Hall was rated the least earthquake-safe building in the California State University (CSU) system by the CSU Seismic Review Board. It was built 2000 feet from the Hayward Fault. In January 2013, the CSU Board of Trustees authorized $50 million to demolish the building and replace it with a new structure. Warren Hall was demolished by implosion on August 17, 2013. At the time, construction for a new 67,000 square foot-building was expected to begin in November 2013, with doors expected to open in May 2015. Today the now-demolished Warren Hall has become a parking lot, and there are no current plans to build a new building on it. Seismic research The implosion of Warren Hall provided a scientific opportunity to learn more about the Hayward fault. See also CLA Building - another landmark building demolished at California State Polytechnic University, Pomona References External links \"Warren Hall Replacement Project\", at CSUEB website (PDF) Campus map \"E. Guy Warren Hall\" at Facebook Seismic data collected from the demolition Buildings and structures in Hayward, California California State University, East Bay Buildings and structures demolished in 2013 2013 disestablishments in California Demolished buildings and structures in California Buildings and structures demolished by controlled implosion 1971 establishments in California University and college buildings completed in 1971 Articles containing video clips", "title": "Warren Hall" }, { "docid": "25465338", "text": "Pioneer Stadium is a soccer and track & field stadium owned and operated by California State University, East Bay in Hayward, California, United States. It currently hosts the East Bay Pioneers soccer and track & field teams. The stadium also hosts the East Bay FC Stompers of the National Premier Soccer League (NPSL) since the team's debut season at this stadium in 2016. History Pioneer Stadium hosted the Cal State Hayward Pioneers football (back when the school was called California State University, Hayward). While the football team has historical success, most notably the 1969 team with a 9–1 record, the team later discontinued in 1993 due to financial issues and poor attendance. Since then, the stadium and the school have been without a football team. There has been talk of bringing football back to California State University, East Bay, but the possibility of it is unclear. In 1980, the stadium was the initial home field for the Golden Gate Gales of the American Soccer League (ASL). In 2010, the stadium hosted the short-lived, but successful FC Gold Pride of the Women's Professional Soccer (WPS) league, until the team discontinued in November of that year. In April, 2023, due to field conditions at Laney College Stadium, Pioneer Stadium hosted a number of USL Championship games as the home stadium of the Oakland Roots SC, in addition to the Roots' US Open Cup game on April 4 against El Farolito. On May 1, Oakland Roots announced they would play their games at Pioneer Stadium full time for the 2023 season. Transportation The stadium is accessible by the CSUEB Shuttle bus and AC Transit bus route 60. Both of which go from the Hayward BART Station to the bus stop next to the stadium at the intersection of Carlos Bee Blvd. and W. Loop Road. See also Pioneer Amphitheatre Pioneer Gym References Cal State Hayward Pioneers football National Premier Soccer League stadiums Women's Professional Soccer stadiums Athletics (track and field) venues in California Soccer venues in California Soccer in the San Francisco Bay Area Sports venues in Alameda County, California Buildings and structures in Hayward, California 1964 establishments in California Sports venues completed in 1964 USL Championship stadiums Oakland Roots SC", "title": "Pioneer Stadium" }, { "docid": "4925479", "text": "The Pioneer Amphitheatre is an amphitheatre located at the north-eastern corner of the Hayward Hills Campus of California State University, East Bay in Hayward, California. The venue is managed by the Sequoia Management Group. In addition to outdoor concerts and university functions the Pioneer Amphitheatre is also plays host to numerous graduation ceremonies of local high schools and is an assembly area for the university in the event of a disaster or emergency. History Prior to 2004, the Pioneer Amphitheatre was used primarily as a venue for outdoor concerts held by the music ensembles of the university, and was the home to Al Fresco, a welcome back festival held every October. In addition to music department events, the amphitheatre was also home an intermittent concert series held by the Associated Students board of the school. In 2004, the management of the venue was handed over to the Sequoia Management Group in hopes of booking bigger acts to create a revenue stream for the university. Since 2004 the Amphitheatre has been the home of the KBLX Stone Soul Picnic, a day-long festival of Urban Adult Contemporary, soul and R&B music. The first picnic at the amphitheatre (which was the seventh annual picnic including other venues), in May 2004, featured The Isley Brothers, Teena Marie, Cameo and Rick James. Performers at subsequent picnics include Isaac Hayes. See also List of contemporary amphitheaters References See also Pioneer Stadium Pioneer Gym List of contemporary amphitheatres Pioneer Amphitheatre Amphitheaters in California Buildings and structures in Hayward, California Music venues in the San Francisco Bay Area Culture of Hayward, California", "title": "Pioneer Amphitheatre" }, { "docid": "37195048", "text": "Ted Griggs (born October 24, 1960) was President, Group Leader and Strategic Production and Programming, NBC Regional Sports Network, overseeing CSN New England, CSN Philadelphia, TCN, and CSN Mid-Atlantic. Prior to that position, Griggs worked as President of Comcast SportsNet Bay Area and Comcast SportsNet California. Comcast SportsNet Bay Area is the regional sports network that broadcasts across Northern California and Nevada and televises live sporting events, including San Francisco Giants, Oakland Athletics, Golden State Warriors, San Jose Sharks, San Jose Earthquakes, and San Jose SaberCats. As president, Griggs oversees the daily operation of the network, including affiliate relations, advertising sales, programming, production, marketing and public relations. Griggs joined the network in 1998. He served as vice president of production and operations, and, in 2007, became vice president and general manager. Also in 2007, under Griggs’ leadership, the network relocated to new, high-definition television studios in downtown San Francisco. Career From 1982 to 1997, Griggs served as a producer, senior producer (1982–1994), vice president, and executive producer (1994–1997) at Golden Gate Productions. During his tenure at Golden Gate Productions, he worked on Sports Illustrated for Kids Olympics Special for NBC, World Cup Soccer Preview for ABC, MCI Downhill Replays for NBC and CBS, Stanford University Football, and World Cup Downhill Skiing. Griggs also worked on a total of eleven years of NFL Super Bowl Specials and twelve years of national and international Pre-Olympic programming. At Trans World International, Griggs served as a senior producer, from 1997 to 1998, and produced several ski series, for multiple networks. In addition, he also directed several events for WNBC and ESPN. Griggs was a sports producer for San Francisco's KRON-TV’s Sports Final, from 1981 to 1982. In 2021, Gravity Media appointed Griggs as managing director of its North American operation. Awards The San Jose Mercury News ranked Griggs number one in \"Bay Area’s 25 Most Powerful Sports People,\" in 2008. Since then, he has remained in the top five each year. In 2010, Griggs served as the executive producer for the show, \"Out. The Glenn Burke Story,\" which explored the life of the first openly gay Major League Baseball player. The show earned a nomination for Outstanding Documentary at the national GLAAD (Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation) Media Awards, as well as a nomination from the Northern California Emmy Awards. While Griggs served as vice president, Comcast SportsNet Bay Area won a total of 60 local Emmy Awards and three Beacon Awards, cable television's award for public affairs excellence. Education and personal life Griggs is a native of Hayward, California. His father was a car mechanic. Griggs graduated from Moreau Catholic High School, and attended California State University, East Bay where he majored in Biology and then Theatre Arts. He transferred to San Francisco State University where he became the news director of KSFS, the campus radio station. By his second semester at SF State he had become an intern at KRON-TV (San Francisco channel 4). He received his B.A., cum laude, in", "title": "Ted Griggs" } ]	[ { "docid": "406802", "text": "Interstate 580 (I-580) is an approximately east–west auxiliary Interstate Highway in Northern California. The heavily traveled spur route of I-80 runs from US Route 101 (US 101) in San Rafael in the San Francisco Bay Area to I-5 at a point outside the southern city limits of Tracy in the Central Valley. I-580 forms a concurrency with I-80 between Albany and Oakland, the latter of which is the location of the MacArthur Maze interchange immediately east of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge. I-580 provides a connection from the Bay Area to the southern San Joaquin Valley and Southern California via I-5, as I-5 bypasses the Bay Area to the east. A portion of I-580 is called the MacArthur Freeway, after General Douglas MacArthur. Other portions are named the John T. Knox Freeway (after a former speaker pro tempore of the California State Assembly), the Eastshore Freeway (after its location on San Francisco Bay), the Arthur H. Breed Jr. Freeway (after a former California State assemblyperson and senator—the stretch itself lying between the cities of Castro Valley and Dublin), the William Elton \"Brownie\" Brown Freeway (after a Tracy resident instrumental in determining the route of I-5 through the San Joaquin Valley), the Sgt. Daniel Sakai Memorial Highway (after the Castro Valley resident and Oakland SWAT officer killed in the 2009 shootings of Oakland police officers), and the John P. Miller Memorial Highway (after the Lodi resident and California Highway Patrol officer killed while chasing down a DUI driver). Route description The western terminus of I-580 is roughly north of San Francisco in the city of San Rafael (Marin County), at the junction with US 101. The interchange with US 101 is incomplete, only allowing continuous travel from southbound US 101 to eastbound I-580 (via exit 451B) and from westbound I-580 to northbound US 101. Heading eastward through the light industrial portion of eastern San Rafael, I-580 provides access to San Quentin State Prison at the eastern tip of land before joining the Richmond–San Rafael Bridge to cross San Francisco Bay. I-580 enters the city of Richmond in Contra Costa County midspan, then continues through Richmond to join I-80 in Albany at the \"Hoffman Split\". After joining I-80, I-580 runs directly south for several miles along the eastern shore of San Francisco Bay in the segment known as the Eastshore Freeway, then enters the MacArthur Maze. The segment between the Hoffman Split and the MacArthur Maze is a wrong-way concurrency, meaning I-580 east is signed as I-80 west, and vice versa. From the MacArthur Maze, I-580 is known as the MacArthur Freeway, which runs through Oakland and San Leandro to Castro Valley. About halfway to Castro Valley from the Maze, is an interchange with the Warren Freeway (State Route 13 [SR 13]). Between this interchange and Castro Valley, I-580 runs near or along the trace of the Hayward Fault, a major branch of the San Andreas Fault. In Castro Valley, I-580 turns eastward toward Dublin Canyon before descending into Dublin and Pleasanton.", "title": "Interstate 580 (California)" }, { "docid": "82114", "text": "Solano County () is a county located in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, its population was 453,491. The county seat is Fairfield. Solano County comprises the Vallejo–Fairfield metropolitan statistical area, which is also included in the San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, combined statistical area. Solano County is the northeastern county in the nine-county San Francisco Bay Area region. A portion of the South Campus at the University of California, Davis, is in Solano County. History Solano County was one of the original counties of California, created in 1850 at the time of statehood. At the request of General Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo, the county was named for Chief Solano of the Suisun people, a Native American tribe of the region and Vallejo's close ally. Chief Solano at one time led the tribes between the Petaluma River and the Sacramento River. The chief was also called Sem-Yeto, which signifies \"brave or fierce hand.\" The chief was given the Spanish name Francisco Solano during baptism at the Catholic Mission, and is named after the Spanish Franciscan missionary, Father Francisco Solano. \"Solano\" is a common surname in the north of Spain, especially in Navarra, Zaragoza, and La Rioja. Travis Air Force Base is located just east of Fairfield. Between 2017 and 2023, California Forever purchased over 50,000 acres of land in the county for an estimated $900 million to develop a new city. Region Solano County is the easternmost county of the North Bay. As such, it is sometimes reported by news agencies as being in the East Bay. Additionally, a portion of the county extends into the Sacramento Valley, geographically. Geography According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which , comprising 9.3%, are covered by water. Solano County had several cinnabar mines that were worked in the first half of the twentieth century, including the Hastings Mine and St. John's Mine. Adjacent counties Contra Costa County, California - south Sonoma County, California - west Napa County, California - west Yolo County, California - north Sacramento County, California - east National protected area San Pablo Bay National Wildlife Refuge (part) Flora and fauna Solano County has a number of rare and endangered species, including the Delta green ground beetle, the wildflower Lasthenia conjugens, commonly known as Contra Costa goldfields, and the annual plant Legenere limosa or false Venus' looking glass. Transportation Major highways Interstate 80 Interstate 505 Interstate 680 Interstate 780 State Route 12 State Route 29 State Route 37 State Route 84 State Route 113 Public transportation Solano County is served by several transit agencies: SolTrans, formed as a merger between these two existing transit agencies: Vallejo Transit, which also formerly operated the Baylink Ferry to San Francisco Benicia Breeze San Francisco Bay Ferry, with a terminal in Vallejo Fairfield and Suisun Transit Vacaville City Coach Rio Vista Delta Breeze Each agency interconnects with the others, enabling transit trips throughout the county. Service also connects with BART stations in Contra Costa County.", "title": "Solano County, California" }, { "docid": "9873746", "text": "Edwards Stadium (also referred to as Edwards Field) is the track and field and soccer venue for the California Golden Bears, the athletic teams of the University of California, Berkeley. It has been a Berkeley Landmark (no. 177) since November 2, 1992, under the name Edwards Stadium and Field. History This Art Deco-styled stadium was designed by architects Warren C. Perry and George W. Kelham, and opened in 1932. It was named for mathematics professor George C. Edwards (18691930), who had been a member of the university's first graduating class, and was the oldest track-only stadium in the United States until 1999, when it was reconfigured to accommodate the Cal soccer teams. It is located at 2223 Fulton Street on the southwest corner of the Berkeley campus, at the corner of Bancroft Way, and has a seating capacity of 22,000. From the stadium there are panoramic views of the Berkeley Hills and Strawberry Canyon to the east, and the San Francisco Bay, Golden Gate Bridge, and the San Francisco skyline to the west. An invitational Cal Bears track meet is held annually at Edwards Stadium. It was renamed the Brutus Hamilton Memorial Invitational in 1998. The venue also hosted the NCAA Division I Men's Outdoor Track and Field Championships in 1935, 1937, 1952, 1956, 1958, 1960, 1965 and 1968. The venue has also has hosted a National AAU championship, and the 1971 and '78 USA vs. USSR dual meets, among others. There have been 12 world records (including records by Dutch Warmerdam, Jim Ryun, Pat Matzdorf, and Henry Rono), 26 American records and 24 collegiate records set at Edwards. , the stadium was in need of both concrete repair and seismic upgrading. See also California Memorial Stadium References Art Deco architecture in California College soccer venues in California Sports venues in Berkeley, California Sports venues in the San Francisco Bay Area Athletics (track and field) venues in California College track and field venues in the United States California Golden Bears soccer California Golden Bears track and field University of California, Berkeley buildings Event venues established in 1932 National Register of Historic Places in Berkeley, California Sports venues on the National Register of Historic Places in California Berkeley Landmarks in Berkeley, California", "title": "Edwards Stadium" }, { "docid": "3952482", "text": "The Port of San Francisco is a semi-independent organization that oversees the port facilities at San Francisco, California, United States. It is run by a five-member commission, appointed by the Mayor and approved by the Board of Supervisors. The Port is responsible for managing the larger waterfront area that extends from the anchorage of the Golden Gate Bridge, along the Marina district, all the way around the north and east shores of the city of San Francisco including Fisherman's Wharf and the Embarcadero, and southward to the city line just beyond Candlestick Point. In 1968, the State of California, via the California State Lands Commission for the State-operated San Francisco Port Authority (est. 1957), transferred its responsibilities for the Harbor of San Francisco waterfront to the City and County of San Francisco / San Francisco Harbor Commission through the Burton Act AB2649. All eligible State port authority employees had the option to become employees of the City and County of San Francisco to maintain consistent operation of the Port of San Francisco. The Port of San Francisco lies on the western edge of the San Francisco Bay near the Golden Gate. It has been called one of the three great natural harbors in the world, but it took two long centuries for navigators from Spain and England to find the anchorage originally called Yerba Buena: a port, as was said in its early days, in which all the fleets of the world could find anchorage. The port area under the commission's control comprises nearly eight miles of waterfront lands, commercial real estate and maritime piers from Hyde Street on the north to India Basin in the southeast. The list of landmarks under port control include Fisherman's Wharf, Pier 39, the Ferry Building, Oracle Park (formerly AT&T Park, SBC Park and Pacific Bell Park), located next to China Basin and Pier 70 at Potrero Point. Huge covered piers on piles jut out into San Francisco bay along much of the waterfront, bordered by the Embarcadero roadway. In 2015, the city, acting through the Port of San Francisco, launched the San Francisco Seawall Earthquake Safety and Disaster Prevention Program (Seawall Program). History The first landing place on the north-eastern tip of the San Francisco peninsula was a rocky promontory below Telegraph Hill later known as Clarke's Point that jutted into the San Francisco Bay at the line of what is now Broadway and Battery Streets. Yerba Buena Cove swept inland from the subsequently named Clarke's Point to as far as Montgomery Street to the west, and further south and east to Rincon Point at the south of Market area at the foot of Folsom and Spear streets. The founding padres of Mission Dolores and the other northern California missions found the jetty at Clarke's Point a convenient landing for their commerce in hides and tallow. It is the same location where Russian ships anchored to load supplies of meat and grain. Early European visitors were the British Raccoon in 1814 and the", "title": "Port of San Francisco" }, { "docid": "2133456", "text": "The South Bay Aqueduct is an aqueduct located in the eastern part of the San Francisco Bay Area. It conveys water from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta through over forty miles of pipelines and canals. It begins in north-eastern Alameda County on the California Aqueduct's Bethany Reservoir serving as the forebay. The aqueduct flows along the eastern and southern edges of the Livermore Valley. Then it flows through a series of tunnels to an end in the foothills of eastern San Jose, 5 miles (8 km) from downtown San Jose, California. Construction on the South Bay Aqueduct began in 1960. The Aqueduct was the first delivery system completed under the State Water Project and has been conveying water to Alameda County since 1962 and to Santa Clara County since 1965. The South Bay Aqueduct begins at Bethany Reservoir near Tracy, with the South Bay Pumping Plant lifting water 566 feet into the first reach of the Aqueduct. The South Bay's Pumping Plant's nine pumping units, with a combined capacity of 330 cubic feet per second, discharge water through two parallel buried pipelines to the eastern ridge of the Diablo Range. From there, water flows by gravity for nine miles to the 100 acre-foot Patterson Reservoir, where some water is released for delivery to Livermore Valley. Water flow then continues about nine miles to a junction point where a portion is diverted into a 1 1/2-mile branch line and pumped into Lake Del Valle. Beyond the Del Valle junction, the water flows by pipeline to La Costa Tunnel, proceeds southwest past Sunol, through the Mission Tunnel, then south through the hills overlooking San Francisco Bay. South Bay Aqueduct terminates in a 160-foot diameter steel tank on a hillside five miles east of downtown San Jose. Water agencies served Alameda County Flood Control and Water Conservation District (Zone 7) - Maximum Annual Entitlement: Alameda County Water District - Maximum Annual Entitlement: Santa Clara Valley Water District - Maximum Annual Entitlement: Reservoirs Bethany Reservoir Lake Del Valle References South Bay Aqueduct, Department of Water Resources, State of California Aqueducts in California California State Water Project Buildings and structures in San Jose, California Transportation buildings and structures in Santa Clara County, California Transportation buildings and structures in Alameda County, California Livermore Valley Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta", "title": "South Bay Aqueduct" }, { "docid": "36637605", "text": "The Southern Crossing is a proposed highway structure that would span San Francisco Bay in California, somewhere south of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge and north of the San Mateo–Hayward Bridge. Several proposals have been made since 1947, varying in design and specific location, but none of them have ever been implemented because of cost, environmental and other concerns. History Origins The idea for the Southern Crossing dates back to the 1940s when several additional bridges across San Francisco Bay were studied. After the Bay Bridge crossing opened in 1936, connecting Rincon Hill in San Francisco with the Key Mole in Oakland via two high-level bridges and a tunnel through Yerba Buena Island, vehicle traffic exceeded estimates almost immediately; by 1945, even with gasoline rationing, traffic was 191% of the estimates made during planning, and would reach an average of 69,000 vehicles per day by 1946. A second crossing was deemed necessary and studies were initiated to determine the best location and configuration. First proposal (1941): Hunters Point to Bay Farm Island A study completed on November 18, 1941 conducted by a joint Army-Navy Board concluded that a high-level bridge between Hunters Point and Bay Farm Island was feasible at an estimated cost of $53.2M. The high-level bridge was preferred to a low-level lift bridge. The western terminus would have been on the south side of the existing Hunters Point Naval Shipyard and the eastern terminus would be on the southwest shore of Bay Farm Island. However, no immediate need was identified for a new bridge, and the project was shelved. Second proposals (1947): Parallel Bridge and Southern Crossing Southern Crossing: Potrero Point to Alameda On January 25, 1947, another joint Army-Navy Board published a study which concluded that a combination of causeway and tube from San Francisco (near Army Street/Potrero Point ) to Alameda was preferred. From Alameda, the route would run north through the Posey Street tube to a point in Oakland near the present-day western terminus of Interstate 980. This was essentially the same as alternative no. 12 from the contemporaneous California Department of Public Works (DPW) study. Both routes recommended by the two 1947 studies were endorsed by Charles H. Purcell, the director of the California DPW on November 10, 1947; however, because of limited budget, the more expensive Southern Crossing option would be built after the Parallel Bridge. During the development of the Joint Army-Navy Board study, a public meeting was held on August 13, 1946, where ten alternative alignments for a second crossing were suggested. One group, based in San Francisco, advocated for a low-level causeway allowing the extension of the transcontinental rail line from Oakland; another group, based in the East Bay, proposed a high-level span for automobiles only. The California state government, represented by engineer F. W. Panhorst, agreed with the East Bay group and further advocated that to provide the maximum reduction in traffic on the Bay Bridge, the western terminus should be on Telegraph Hill or Rincon Hill . The", "title": "Southern Crossing (California)" }, { "docid": "56474999", "text": "The Cal State Hayward Pioneers football program represented California State University, Hayward—now known as California State University, East Bay. The Pioneers began play in the Far Western Conference (FWC) in their inaugural 1965 season. They remained a member of the conference until the school gave up football after the 1993 season. The conference was renamed to the Northern California Athletic Conference (NCAC) in 1983. The school was known as California State College at Hayward through 1971, changing to California State University, Hayward in 1972. The school was not known as Cal State East Bay until 2005. The program had four head coaches in its 29 seasons of existence. Coaches References Cal State East Bay Pioneers Cal State Hayward Pioneers football", "title": "List of Cal State Hayward Pioneers head football coaches" }, { "docid": "5234928", "text": "Aquatic Park is a public park in Berkeley, California, United States, located just east of the Eastshore Freeway (Interstate 80) between Ashby and University Avenues. The Works Progress Administration created the park in the 1930s simultaneously with the nearby Berkeley Yacht Harbor. Its centerpiece is an artificial mile-long lagoon that was cut off from San Francisco Bay by the creation of a causeway for the Eastshore Highway, during the construction of the approaches to the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge, also in the 1930s. The lagoon still communicates with the Bay through culverts under the freeway (one in line with Ashby Avenue, the other in line with Grayson Street). The east shoreline of the lagoon used to be the original shoreline of San Francisco Bay. Park features Aquatic Park features picnic areas, \"Dream Land for Kids\"—a large children's playground, a pedestrian-bicycle path, and a disc golf course. The lagoon is used by the Berkeley Paddling and Rowing Club year round, and by the Berkeley Water Ski Club during the summer months. The lagoon is also used by the nonprofit organization, Waterside Workshops, for their youth boating and sailing, and boat rentals to the general public on weekends. Waterside Workshops also houses a community bikeshop at the intersection of Bolivar Drive and Bancroft Way. Historically, the Aquatic Park lagoon was also a practice site for the University of California crew teams. References External links Aquatic Park official page Aquatic Park cleans up, tackles brackish reputation Aquatic Park advocate wins conservation award Cruise Judgment: Berkeley takes tentative steps to limit public sex in Aquatic Park Lagoons of California LGBT culture in the San Francisco Bay Area Parks in Berkeley, California San Francisco Bay Works Progress Administration in California 1930s establishments in California", "title": "Aquatic Park (Berkeley)" }, { "docid": "2016861", "text": "State Route 4 (SR 4) is a state highway in the U.S. state of California, routed from Interstate 80 in the San Francisco Bay Area to State Route 89 in the Sierra Nevada. It roughly parallels the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta, a popular area for boating and fishing, with a number of accesses to marinas and other attractions. After crossing the Central Valley, the highway ascends up the Sierra foothills. It passes through Ebbetts Pass and contains the Ebbetts Pass Scenic Byway, a National Scenic Byway. Route description SR 4, an east–west highway, begins in Hercules at San Pablo Avenue next to the Interstate 80 junction as part of John Muir Parkway. (The actual parkway extends a bit past the western terminus.) The road is an expressway from its starting point until it approaches Martinez, at which point it becomes a full freeway (the California Delta Highway) passing Concord, Pittsburg, and Antioch. The John Muir National Historic Site is located directly north of Route 4 on Alhambra Avenue in Martinez. Alhambra Avenue at SR 4 is also the site of the Franklin Canyon Adobe. Two gauges of BART tracks run in the median of the freeway from the Port Chicago Highway interchange in Concord to just east of the Hillcrest Avenue interchange in Antioch, where the light rail line currently ends at the Antioch station. After Antioch, the freeway turns southward at its intersection with State Route 160, turning into a suburban and rural road bypassing the Bay Area's rapidly growing and outermost eastern suburbs (Oakley, Brentwood and Discovery Bay, California); and continues east across Victoria Island. This section is also known as the John Marsh Heritage Highway. Route 4 east continues to Stockton, where it briefly joins I-5 and then enters a separate freeway (known locally as the Crosstown Freeway) routing almost directly through downtown Stockton. The route then runs concurrent with State Route 99 before running eastward into the Sierra through Angels Camp, one of the richest quartz mining sections of the Mother Lode and home of \"The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County\", and Calaveras Big Trees State Park. The route runs through the Pacific Grade Summit on its way up to the Ebbetts Pass and ends at State Route 89 west of Topaz Lake, on the California–Nevada border. However, \"To SR 4\" signage continues along southbound SR 89 north to near its intersection with SR 88 in Woodfords, including reassurance shields for both SR 89 and SR 4 on top of the mileage sign just south of town. The portion from Arnold to its terminus is designated the Ebbetts Pass Scenic Byway, which is eventually one lane. Through the mountains, SR 4 is not suitable for large trucks, buses, or RVs, as it becomes very steep and eventually single-track, with no center dividing line shortly after the Mount Reba Turnoff to Bear Valley Ski area, with tight switchbacks. Ebbetts Pass is not plowed for snow, and thus closes during the winter months, often from November through", "title": "California State Route 4" }, { "docid": "1248148", "text": "KGO (810 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station licensed to San Francisco, California, and owned by Cumulus Media. Due to its extensive groundwave signal and the effects of the surrounding terrain, its coverage is greater than any Bay Area FM station, and it registers with Arbitron as a station listened to in surrounding metropolitan regions. Cumulus's local offices are based on Battery Street in the SoMa portion of San Francisco's Financial District. KGO's transmitter site is located in Fremont, near the Dumbarton Bridge, where its prominent towers are landmarks used by pilots as a waypoint in communications with local airports. KGO broadcasts with 50,000 watts, the highest power permitted for AM stations by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). It uses a directional antenna fulltime, that sends most of its signal to the north and south. This limits nighttime interference to the other Class A station on 810 kHz, WGY in Schenectady, New York. Most nights, using a good radio, KGO can be heard throughout the western United States, east to the Rocky Mountains, and in northern Mexico, western Canada and Alaska. Its nighttime transmissions are received essentially free of static in locations such as Vancouver and Seattle, and San Diego, but are difficult to receive in Reno, Nevada, and other points east of the Sierra Nevada mountains, due to its directional signal. Programming From 1962 until 2022, KGO carried news and talk programming. Since October 2022, the station has broadcast a sports talk format, with an emphasis on sports betting; it is one of three sports stations owned by Cumulus Media in the San Francisco Bay Area, along with KNBR (AM)–FM and KTCT. KGO was the radio home for the San Francisco 49ers football team from 1987 to 2005. It has broadcast University of California, Berkeley Golden Bears Football games since 1974; since 2013, it also broadcast select California Golden Bears men's basketball games. The station began to air San Jose Earthquakes soccer games in 2023. History 1920s and 1930s After several late-night test broadcasts, using the experimental call sign 6XG, KGO signed on the air on January 8, 1924, from General Electric's (GE) Oakland transformer manufacturing plant. (The original two-story brick building, constructed specifically for the station on East 14th Street, was demolished sometime in the 1980s.) The station was authorized for a then-impressive transmitting power of 1,000 watts. KGO was part of GE's three-station holdings, in addition to WGY in Schenectady, New York and KOA in Denver, Colorado. At its debut it was known as the \"Sunset Station\", because it was GE's West Coast outlet. As was the custom with early radio stations, the programming consisted of performances by local talent, including the KGO Orchestra. which provided some of the music, and a dramatic group known as the KGO Players, which performed weekly plays and short skits, often under the direction of Bay Area drama instructor Wilda Wilson Church. The station's music, which was also performed by other local orchestras and vocalists, included classical selections as well", "title": "KGO (AM)" }, { "docid": "2577317", "text": "Mission Bay is a neighborhood on the east side of San Francisco, California. It is bordered by China Basin to the north, Dogpatch to the south, and San Francisco Bay to the east. Originally an industrial district, it underwent development fueled by the construction of the UCSF Mission Bay campus, and is currently in the final stages of development and construction. It is the site of the Chase Center and Uber's headquarters. Location Mission Bay is bounded by Townsend Street on the north, Third Street and San Francisco Bay on the east, Mariposa Street on the south, and 7th Street and Interstate 280 on the west. History Before urbanization, the water body Mission Bay was nestled inside of a +500 acre salt marsh and lagoon, and was occupied by year-round tidal waters. This area was a natural habitat and refuge for large water fowl populations that included ducks, geese, herons, egrets, ospreys and gulls. The Native American tribes who resided in this area were the Costanoan people who spoke eight different languages which delineated between the various tribelets. The tribe most prevalent in the Bay area was the Patwin people who resided in the area for over 5,000 years. Beginning in the mid-1800s, Mission Bay was used as a convenient place to deposit refuse from building projects. It was later used as a dumping ground for debris from the 1906 earthquake. As the marsh stabilized with the weight of the infill, the area quickly became an industrial district. By 1850, the area was used for shipbuilding and repair, butchery and meat production, and oyster and clam fishing. With the addition of the railroad, Mission Bay became the home to shipyards, canneries, a sugar refinery and various warehouses. In 1998, the area was announced by the Board of Supervisors as a redevelopment project through the San Francisco Redevelopment Agency. Much of the land had long been a railyard of the Southern Pacific Railroad Company, and was transferred to Catellus Development Corporation when it was spun off as part of the aborted merger of Southern Pacific and the Santa Fe Railway. Catellus subsequently sold or sub-contracted several parcels to other developers. Another large parcel was the H&H Ship Service Facility of the Port of San Francisco, a toxic and hazardous materials site that had been ordered closed under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. It has rapidly evolved into a wealthy neighborhood of luxury condominiums, hospitals, and biotechnology research and development. From 2010 to 2020, Mission Bay's population increased by over 200%. Attractions and characteristics Mission Bay was the original headquarters of the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine prior to the organization's move to Oakland. It is also the headquarters, at 550 Terry Francois Blvd, of the Old Navy brand of The Gap clothing retailer. It is the location of a new research campus of the University of California, San Francisco, UCSF Mission Bay Mission Bay was to be the location of a 14-acre, two-million-square-foot Salesforce U.S. headquarters. Salesforce abandoned its construction", "title": "Mission Bay, San Francisco" }, { "docid": "7385680", "text": "Thomas King Butt is an American politician and architect and the former mayor of Richmond, California. He was vice-mayor in 2002 and 2012 and a member of the Richmond City Council for over 20 years before being elected mayor. He is the longest continuously serving council member in Richmond's history. Early life and education Butt was born in Albuquerque, New Mexico and raised in Fayetteville, Arkansas. His father, Thomas F. Butt, served in the United States Army during World War II and later became a judge in Arkansas. Butt's mother was a librarian in the Fayetteville Public Library. Butt earned a Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Architecture from the University of Arkansas, followed by a Master of Architecture from the University of California, Los Angeles. Career As an undergraduate, Butt spent summers working for the United States Forest Service in Montana, Hawaii, and San Francisco. Butt joined the United States Army Corps of Engineers in 1966 and was deployed to Vietnam shortly after. He served until 1970. After leaving the Army, Butt married his wife, Shirley, in 1971. They lived in Marin County, California before moving to Richmond in 1973. Butt is the president of Interactive Resources, a local architectural firm. He is also a contractor and former real estate broker. Butt founded and is the president of the East Brother Light Station, Inc., a non-profit organization focused on maintaining the historic East Brother Island Lighthouse on East Brother Island, a Bay Area landmark on the National Register of Historic Places. Butt founded and remains a board member of Rosie the Riveter Trust (named for Rosie the Riveter), the non-profit partner of Rosie the Riveter World War II Home Front National Historical Park located in Richmond. Politics He won the Richmond mayoral election of 2014 and succeeded Gayle McLaughlin as mayor. He was sworn in by Lieutenant Governor Gavin Newsom on Tuesday, January 13, 2015. His relationships with other city leaders deteriorated over time, and in 2021, he said \"I’m pretty much a lame duck\" and indicated that he would exit political life. Since leaving office, Butt has filed lawsuits against the city of Richmond, Mayor Eduardo Martinez, and Vice-Mayor Gayle McLaughlin. References External links Tom Butt official site Interactive Resources Tom Butt city of Richmond profile SmartVoter Tom Butt profile Living people Activists from the San Francisco Bay Area Richmond City Council members (California) Architects from California Mayors of Richmond, California 21st-century American politicians 1944 births University of Arkansas alumni University of California, Los Angeles alumni People from Fayetteville, Arkansas", "title": "Tom Butt" }, { "docid": "783138", "text": "State Route 24 (SR 24) is a heavily traveled east–west state highway in the U.S. state of California that serves the eastern side of the San Francisco Bay Area. A freeway throughout its entire length, it runs from the Interstate 580/Interstate 980 interchange (just east of the MacArthur Maze) in Oakland, and through the Caldecott Tunnel under the Berkeley Hills, to the Interstate 680 junction in Walnut Creek. It lies in Alameda County, where it is highly urban, and Contra Costa County, where it passes through wooded hillsides and suburbs. SR 24 is a major connection between the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge/MacArthur Maze complex and the inland cities of the East Bay. Route description SR 24 begins at the four-level stack interchange with Interstate 580 and Interstate 980 in Oakland; this interchange is located on top of Grove Shafter Park. SR 24 initially heads north before turning east near the Berkeley city limits. Route 24 rises from near sea level in downtown Oakland past its interchange with State Route 13, which is a freeway south of SR 24 (upgraded August 1999) and a surface street north of SR 24. After this, SR 24 crosses the Contra Costa County county line through the four-bore Caldecott Tunnel and offers some attractive views of the hilly terrain through which it passes. Some protection of the views comes from the highway's designation as a California Scenic Highway. On the other side of the tunnel, SR 24 travels through unincorporated Contra Costa County before entering Orinda. SR 24 crosses the Mokelumne Aqueduct soon after entering the city of Lafayette. SR 24 terminates at the intersection with Interstate 680 just inside the city limits of Walnut Creek. The of the Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) system runs in the freeway's center median, excepting the vicinity of the Caldecott Tunnel and the approach to the interchange with Interstate 680. SR 24 is part of the California Freeway and Expressway System, and is part of the National Highway System, a network of highways that are considered essential to the country's economy, defense, and mobility by the Federal Highway Administration. SR 24 is eligible to be included in the State Scenic Highway System; however, Caltrans has only designated it as a scenic highway between the eastern end of the Caldecott Tunnel and I-680, meaning that it is a substantial section of highway passing through a \"memorable landscape\" with no \"visual intrusions\", where the potential designation has gained popular favor with the community. SR 24 is designated as both the Grove Shafter Freeway, after streets the route travels along (Grove Street was later renamed Martin Luther King Jr. Way), and the William Byron Rumford Freeway, honoring the first African American elected to a state public office in Northern California, from the Caldecott Tunnel to the I-580 interchange segment of the MacArthur Maze, continuing henceforth as I-980 to the terminus with I-880. History Highway 24 was designated in 1932 in conjunction with the ongoing construction of the Broadway Low Level Tunnel", "title": "California State Route 24" }, { "docid": "574359", "text": "Bodega Head is a small promontory on the Pacific coast of northern California in the United States. It is located in Sonoma County at , approximately northwest of San Francisco and approximately west of Santa Rosa. The peninsula, which is approximately long and wide, emerges from the coast to the north. It shelters the shallow, sandy Bodega Bay and the inner portion known as Bodega Harbor. Sonoma Coast State Beach comprises beaches and dunes along the south side of the promontory. The University of California, Davis runs an ongoing marine biology program at the Bodega Marine Laboratory. The laboratory is located on the grounds of Bodega Marine Reserve, which is part of the UC Natural Reserve System. The peninsula is considered a prime spot to observe the migration of whales. It is also one of the three points of the Red Triangle, a major feeding ground for great white sharks. A series of trails are a popular destination for recreational hiking. Bodega Head State Marine Reserve & Bodega Head State Marine Conservation Area protect area waters. Like underwater parks, these marine protected areas help conserve ocean wildlife and marine ecosystems. The peninsula was probably inhabited by the Coast Miwok people before the arrival of Europeans. Campbell Cove, on the east side of the promontory, is a candidate for Sir Francis Drake's 1579 landing site. Geology Bodega Head lies just on the west side of the San Andreas Fault, which runs between the base of the promontory and the mainland. During the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, the promontory shifted approximately , displacing the harbor to the north relative to the mainland. Geologically, the rocks of Bodega Head differ greatly from those on the mainland just to the east. Whereas the rocks of Bodega Head are exposed continental granite, the mainland rocks are of oceanic origin from the Franciscan Complex. Bodega Head is the northern tip of a vast geologic province known as the Salinian Block whose core is of the same origins as the core of the Sierra Nevada Mountains. The block was torn off the continent as the San Andreas Fault came into existence about 20 million years ago, and was transported northward hundreds of miles. Other nearby examples of the Salinian Block are the Point Reyes Peninsula and the Farallon Islands. A controversial attempt by Pacific Gas & Electric Company to construct a nuclear power plant on the peninsula was thwarted in 1964 due to environmental concerns and the susceptibility of the site to earthquakes. See also Point Reyes References External links P.G. & E. Controversy in the 1950s Headlands of California Landforms of Sonoma County, California Bodega Bay", "title": "Bodega Head" }, { "docid": "3444680", "text": "Willie James Buchanon (born November 4, 1950) is an American former professional football player who was a cornerback for the Green Bay Packers and San Diego Chargers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the San Diego State Aztecs and was selected in the first round of the 1972 NFL draft with the seventh overall pick. He was Defensive Rookie of the Year in 1972 and a two-time Pro Bowl player. He finished his career with his hometown Chargers, retiring with 28 career interceptions and 15 fumble recoveries. Early years through college Buchanon was born and raised in Oceanside, California, where he was a graduate of Oceanside High School. He attended Mira Costa College, where he was a Junior College All-American in 1969. Buchanon later played football and graduated from San Diego State University. He was voted the Most Valuable Player in the East-West Shrine Game of 1971. Sporting News named the San Diego State All-American to its All-Time collegiate team. NFL career Willie Buchanon was selected by Green Bay in the first-round of the 1972 NFL draft, the 7th overall pick. He was the 1972 NFL AP Defensive Rookie of the Year and a one-time All-Pro. In 1978, the Packers defensive back led the NFC with 9 interceptions, including four on September 24, 1978 against the San Diego Chargers that tied him for the still-standing NFL record for most interceptions in a game, first set by Sammy Baugh in 1943. Buchanon spent his last four pro years with the San Diego Chargers, where he tied the NFL all-time record for most recoveries in a game in 1981. Awards and life after football Buchanon was named to the Green Bay Packers All-Time team, Green Bay Packers Hall of Fame, San Diego State Hall of Fame, San Diego Hall of Champions, California State Junior College Hall of Fame and Oceanside High School Hall of Fame. He is now a realtor in San Diego. Personal life Buchanon and his wife, Gwen, have two children: a daughter, Jenae, and a son, Will. His son was a member of the 2003 and 2004 national championship teams with the University of Southern California Trojans, and later played in the NFL. Willie Buchanon lives in his hometown of Oceanside. References External links Buchanon Realty official site 1950 births Living people American football cornerbacks Green Bay Packers players National Conference Pro Bowl players National Football League Defensive Rookie of the Year Award winners Players of American football from San Diego San Diego Chargers players San Diego State Aztecs football players Players of American football from Oceanside, California Green Bay Packers Hall of Fame", "title": "Willie Buchanon" }, { "docid": "43557938", "text": "The Graduate Berkeley (Originally called the Hotel Durant or the Durant Hotel) is a historic boutique hotel located in Berkeley, California in the United States. It is located in downtown Berkeley, just off campus of the University of California, Berkeley. The hotel is listed on the Berkeley register of historic places. History The hotel was built, in Spanish Colonial style, in 1928. It was designed by W. H. Weeks. It had 140 rooms and was both fire and earthquake resistant. It also had one of the first basement garages in the area. It was named for Henry Durant. The bar, Henry's Publick House, is also a tribute to him. When the hotel opened it was described as a \"modern luxury hotel\". Harry Truman stayed at the hotel once. Hostage incident In 1990, 33 hostages were held at gun point at Henry's for seven hours by University of California, Berkeley student, Mehrdad Dashti, who had schizophrenia. The hotel bar was raided by police during the hold up. Dashti killed one hostage and an additional seven people were wounded. Ownership As of 2006, the hotel was owned and managed by Creative Hospitality. In 2007, the property was purchased by Joie de Vivre Hospitality for $14 million. Joie de Vivre invested $9 million in renovating the property. The hotel was in default in 2011 and the Royal Bank of Scotland took over as owner. Joie de Vivre continued to manage the property. In September 2012 it was put up for sale. The property was marketed by HVS Capital Corporation. In early 2013, they sold the hotel for approximately $27.3 million to Gemstone Hotels & Resorts. Upon the purchase, 98% of the staff remained from the previous ownership. The hotel is frequented by visitors to the University. In September 2015 it was purchased from Gemstone Hotels and Elliott Management Co. by Chicago-based Graduate Hotels for $47.5 million and renovated extensively, particularly the lobby and restaurant. Upon completion of renovations, the hotel was reopened with its present theme and name in May 2017. Facilities The hotel's theme is based on the University of California, Berkeley. Lonely Planet describes it as \"cheekily\" in style. A mobile made of books hangs from the lobby ceiling. The walls of the lobby are decorated in yearbook photos from the university. Hotel rooms feature \"dictionary-covered shower curtains and bongs repurposed as bedside lamps.\" The gastropub inside the hotel is Henry's Publick House. In 2009, Henry's \"Everything but the Kitchen Sink Bloody Mary\" Bloody Mary was voted the best in the East Bay by East Bay Express. The bloody mary features tomato juice made in-house and is topped off with a splash of Guinness. References Buildings and structures in Berkeley, California Hotels in the San Francisco Bay Area Historic hotels in the United States Residential buildings in Alameda County, California Economy of Berkeley, California 1928 establishments in California Hotel buildings completed in 1928 Spanish Colonial Revival architecture in California W. H. Weeks buildings Berkeley Landmarks in Berkeley, California", "title": "Graduate Berkeley" }, { "docid": "1244595", "text": "Robert Michael Bellotti (born December 21, 1950) is an American college football analyst for ESPN and ABC. He was with the University of Oregon's football program for over 20 years serving as offensive coordinator for six years, head coach for 14 years, and athletic director for one year. Bellotti is the winningest coach in Oregon football history and is credited with building the program into a major football power. He was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame in 2014. Early life Bellotti attended Ygnacio Valley High School in Concord, California, where he played football, basketball and baseball and graduated in 1969. After high school, he went to the University of California, Davis and played football at the positions of tight end and wide receiver. He started at tight end as a sophomore and junior, then earned second-team all-Far Western Conference honors at wide receiver as senior. Bellotti graduated from UC Davis with a B.A. in Physical Education in 1973. He completed the teaching credential program at UC Davis in 1974. In 1982, Bellotti earned his Master of Science degree in Physical Education at California State University, East Bay (then known as Cal State-Hayward). He is an alumnus of the Delta Sigma Phi fraternity. Coaching career UC Davis In 1973, Bellotti started his career in football coaching at his alma mater as an assistant coach under College Football Hall of Fame coach Jim Sochor. The next season, he worked as the JV team's offensive coordinator, and during the 1975 and 1976 seasons he was the JV team's head coach. Also at that time, he served as the receivers coach for the varsity team and as a coach for UC Davis' JV baseball team. Cal State Hayward Bellotti was hired at California State University, Hayward (Cal State Hayward or CSU-Hayward; now California State University, East Bay) in 1977 and worked as the offensive coordinator for two seasons. He returned to the school as offensive coordinator in 1980, and remained until 1983. In 1982, he earned a master's degree from the school in physical education. Weber State In 1979, Bellotti served as offensive coordinator at Weber State University, returning to CSU-Hayward after just one season. Chico State California State University, Chico (Chico State) hired Bellotti to serve as their head football coach in 1984. He remained head coach until 1988 and compiled a record of 21–25–2. His record in the Northern California Athletic Conference was 15–9–2. Oregon University of Oregon head coach Rich Brooks hired Bellotti as offensive coordinator in 1989. Bellotti remained in that position through the 1994 season, when Brooks left to coach in the National Football League, and Bellotti was promoted to head coach starting with the 1995 season. Bellotti's record at Oregon stands at 116–55. In 2006, he passed his former boss, Rich Brooks, as the winningest football coach in Oregon's history. He led the Ducks to their first four ten-win seasons in school history (2000, 2001, 2005, 2008); they had only won nine games on three", "title": "Mike Bellotti" }, { "docid": "5475117", "text": "Tomales Bay State Park is a California state park in Marin County, California. It consists of approximately 2,000 acres (8 km²) divided between two areas, one on the west side of Tomales Bay and the other on the east side. The main area, on the west, is part of the Point Reyes peninsula, and adjacent to Point Reyes National Seashore, which is operated by the U.S. National Park Service. The park is approximately 40 miles (64 km) north of San Francisco. History The area was the habitat of the Coast Miwok people for several thousand years before the arrival of Europeans. British explorer Sir Francis Drake landed in the area in 1579. About 25 years later, Spanish explorer Sebastián Vizcaíno landed in the area and named it \"La Punta de Los Tres Reyes\" (\"Point of the Three Kings\"), a reference to the Feast of the Three Kings. The name was later anglicized to Point Reyes. Most of Point Reyes remained undeveloped because of its remote location; the main part of the peninsula hosts a number of agricultural uses, particularly dairy operations. Some of the beach areas on Tomales Bay began to be purchased by private parties, and in order to secure public access to the Bay, conservation groups and the state of California also purchased property, and the state park was opened on November 8, 1952. When most of the rest of Point Reyes was incorporated into Point Reyes National Seashore, Tomales Bay State Park remained in the state park system. Facilities The west area of the park contains four beach areas: Indian Beach, Heart's Desire Beach, Pebble Beach, and Shell Beach. Only Heart's Desire is reachable by road, and has two parking areas, picnic grounds, and rest rooms. There is a swimming area with a moored platform at Heart's Desire. The other beaches are accessible only by trail or boat. The east area of the park is mostly unimproved, and the only facilities are a picnic area and rest rooms at Millerton Point. Indian Beach has an interpretive program on the Miwok people, including two reconstructed Miwok dwellings. Proposed for closure Tomales Bay State Park was one of 48 California state parks proposed for closure in January 2008 by California's Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger as part of a deficit reduction program. See also List of beaches in California List of California state parks References Tomales Bay State Park (2002) California State Parks (pamphlet) External links Official site State parks of California Parks in Marin County, California West Marin San Francisco Bay Area beaches Protected areas established in 1952 Landforms of Marin County, California", "title": "Tomales Bay State Park" }, { "docid": "37272324", "text": "Wave power in the United States is under development in several locations off the east and west coasts as well as Hawaii. It has moved beyond the research phase and is producing reliable energy for the Grid. Its use to-date has been for situations where other forms of energy production are not economically viable and as such, the power output is currently modest. But major installations are planned to come on-line within the next few years. Projects San Diego, California CalWave Power Technologies, Inc. successfully commissioned its CalWave x1™ on September 16, 2021, off the coast of San Diego. This event marks the beginning of California’s first at-sea, long-duration wave energy pilot operating fully submerged. The CalWave x1™ will be tested for six months with the goal of validating the performance and reliability of the system in open ocean. This project is supported by a United States Department of Energy award with the goal to demonstrate CalWave’s scalable and patented xWave™ technology. Several key partners collaborated with CalWave on this project including the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, DNV GL, and University of California, Berkeley. LEAP Autonomous PowerBuoy, New Jersey Ocean Power Technologies has successfully operated a system off New Jersey, designed and manufactured by Ocean Power Technologies, under the US Navy's Littoral Expeditionary Autonomous PowerBuoy (LEAP) program for coastal security and maritime surveillance. Coos Bay, Oregon Ocean Power Technologies has proposed a utility-scale, commercial wave park in North America at Coos Bay, Oregon. The planned size of this park is up to 100 megawatts, and it will be the largest wave energy project in the world when completed. Reedsport, Oregon Ocean Power Technologies is developing a commercial wave park on the west coast of the United States located 2.5 miles offshore near Reedsport, Oregon. The first phase of this project is for ten power generation systems (buoys), or 1.5 megawatts. Oahu, Hawaii From 2009 to 2011, Ocean Power Technologies ocean-tested its wave power generation system at the US Marine Corps Base Hawaii (MCBH) at Kaneohe Bay. The Oahu system was launched under the Company's program with the US Navy for ocean testing and demonstration of such systems, including connection to the Oahu grid. Atlantic City, New Jersey The principles demonstrated with the earlier prototype power generation buoys deployed and tested off the coast of Atlantic City were integrated into the designs of the power generation buoys for Hawaii and Spain. Research The Department of Energy announced a $22 million grant to fund wave energy research by private companies and universities in January 2022. Academic institutions conducting wave energy research include Portland State University, the University of Washington, and the O.H. Hinsdale Wave Research Laboratory at Oregon State University. See also Renewable energy in the United States References Renewable energy in the United States United States", "title": "Wave power in the United States" }, { "docid": "55332318", "text": "Harriet T. Averill Haas (born October 17, 1874, died after 1951) was an American attorney and member of Piedmont Board of Education in the city of Piedmont, California. She was one of the most highly regarded members of the Alameda County, California bar. Early life Harriet Averill was born in Virginia City, Nevada, on October 17, 1874, the daughter of Wales Averill and Christina McLaughlin. Her mother was born on Prince Edward Island in 1840. Her father was born in Highgate Springs, Vermont, in 1837. He was descended from English colonists. The progenitor of the family in the United States was William Averill, who settled at Ipswich, Massachusetts, in 1632. Among his descendants was John T. Averill, who served in the war of the Revolution. Haas lived in Nevada until 1888 and was educated in public schools in Nevada and California. She then moved to Iowa, where she graduated from Cedar Rapids High School. From 1894 to 1896, she attended University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, where she joined the university's chapter of the sorority Delta Delta Delta. She attended the University of California and obtained degrees of Bachelor of Arts and Doctor of Jurisprudence. Career Before moving back to California in 1900, Harriet A. Haas was Assistant Superintendent at the Massachusetts Reformatory for Women, Framingham, Massachusetts. From 1915 to 1924, she served as president of the building association for Delta Delta Delta sorority. She was a member of Piedmont Board of Education from 1916 to 1926, assuming the role of chairman of the Finance Committee. She was also a practicing attorney in Oakland. In 1922, she obtained an A.B. from University of California, Berkeley, her thesis being Financing of the Secondary and Elementary Schools. During this period, she was the legal aid adviser for both the women's section of the Berkeley Police Department and the Berkeley Welfare Society. In Oakland, California, she served on a forum committee on women's legal status while serving on a committee for the League of Women Voters at the state level. She was on the Speakers' Bureau of County Federation of Women's Clubs and Community Chest. In 1926, Haas ran as the only woman candidate for legislature in the country for the California State Assembly in the 37th District, in what is now the California 15th State Assembly district. She opposed the incumbent, Assemblyman Eugene W. Roland, and Walter Fleberling. She registered as Republican but sought the votes of both Republicans and Democrats. She lost by 10% and placed second of four candidates. Later in life, she associated with Lila R. Havens and was assistant manager in the sale and development of the properties owned by the estate of Frank C. Havens, which was considered one of the largest and most beautifully located of any of the East Bay properties. She was the dean of Iota Chapter of the Kappa Beta Phi legal sorority. She was member and director of the Oakland Women's City Club. She was a member of the State Bar Association,", "title": "Harriet A. Haas" }, { "docid": "847620", "text": "The Moss Landing Marine Laboratories (MLML) is a multi-campus marine research consortium of the California State University System, headquartered at Moss Landing, California. Organization Moss Landing Marine Laboratories is part of the California State University, administered by San Jose State University (SJSU), and located in Moss Landing, California. The main building is located at 8272 Moss Landing Road, . It was established in 1966. At the midpoint of the coast of Monterey Bay, it is only a few hundred meters from Monterey Canyon, the largest undersea canyon on the west coast of the Americas. As a result, researchers are able to reach areas with depths greater than 1000 meters in less than an hour by boat from the facility. The facility is a sea grant college, which offers a Master's of Science degree in marine sciences through the seven universities that make up the consortium, as well as offering graduate and undergraduate marine science courses to the students of the campuses. The seven members of the Moss Landing Marine Laboratories consortium are: California State University, East Bay California State University, Fresno California State University, Monterey Bay California State University, Sacramento San Francisco State University San Jose State University California State University, Stanislaus Researchers at Moss Landing Marine Laboratories also collaborate with scientists at other institutions in analysis of marine chemistry and marine species. One frequent partner for such collaboration is the Marine Mammal Center. Research vessels MLML operates two vessels, the R/V John H. Martin, and the R/V Sheila B. Sea Grant Moss Landing Marine Laboratories participates in the Sea Grant Colleges program by hosting an office of the UC Sea Grant Extension Program, affiliated with University of California, San Diego. Projects The Submersible Capable of Under Ice Navigation and Imaging was a National Science Foundation funded research project for robotic under the sea ice for surveying and exploration in Antarctica from 2007 through 2009. The Vertical Transport and Exchange of Ocean Particulate program (VERTEX) was initiated by Moss Landing Marine Labs in 1981 by Dr. John Martin. This project resulted in the development of the Iron Iron fertilization theory (then known as the Iron Hypothesis) which stated iron was a limiting factor in ocean water phytoplankton production and its influence for climate change. Dr.Martin was dubbed the nickname \"Iron Man\" for his role in this discovery. See also Alliance for Coastal Technologies Hatfield Marine Science Center, a research facility associated with the Oregon State University and located in Newport, Oregon Hopkins Marine Station, a research facility run by Stanford University in Monterey, California John Martin (oceanographer) Marine Mammal Center Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute Scripps Institution of Oceanography, a research facility associated with the University of California, San Diego and located in La Jolla, California Southern California Marine Institute Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, a research facility located in Woods Hole, Massachusetts References External links Moss Landing Marine Laboratories website Moss Landing Marine Laboratories blog California State University Biological research institutes in the United States Laboratories in California Oceanographic organizations", "title": "Moss Landing Marine Laboratories" }, { "docid": "51211338", "text": "The African-American Shakespeare Company (AASC) is a 501(c)3 nonprofit professional regional theatre company in San Francisco, California. Since its founding in 1994 Sherri Young has been its Executive Director and in 2009 L. Peter Callender joined as its Artistic Director. AASC is a member of the Shakespeare Theatre Association. History Sherri Young, a graduate of the American Conservatory Theater's Master of Fine Arts Program in 1992, believed there was a problem with theatre companies and color-blind casting as well as the \"expectation that they [actors of color] would stick to 'black plays' when they graduated\". Young thought this was \"inconceivable and unacceptable\" which motivated her to create the African-American Shakespeare Company to provide opportunities for actors of color in mastering classical theatre. Sherri Young is on the board of Handful Players, a children's musical theatre, and was previously Commissioner for the San Francisco Arts Commission where she was appointed by Gavin Newsom. L. Peter Callender joined the company as its Artistic Director in 2009. Callender was trained at The Juilliard School in New York, Webber Douglas Academy of Dramatic Art in England, and Tadashi Suzuki Company of Toga in Japan. He has been an Associate Artist at California Shakespeare Theater for over 20 years and has appeared in productions by Marin Theatre Company, Berkeley Repertory Theatre, and Aurora Theatre Company. Callender is also a Visiting Instructor at Stanford University and has been nominated for and won numerous awards: Helen Hayes Award Nominations: Best Actor — Playboy of the West Indies, and Oak and Ivy; New York Audelco Award —Black Eagles; Audience Award: Best Actor — Master Harold…and the Boys, Bay Area Critics Award: Best Actor – (World Music), East Bay Express: Best Actor of the East Bay, Several Dean Goodman Awards: Outstanding Lead Actor: Twelfth Night, Cymbeline, Saint Joan, and others. Location AASC is a resident organization at the city-owned African American Art and Culture Complex (AAACC) with its office located at 762 Fulton Street Suite 306 in San Francisco, California, 94102. Since 2002, it has staged its productions at the 200-seat Buriel Clay Theater located on the ground floor of the AAACC building with an annual audience of over 7,500 patrons. However, for its 2016–17 season, it has moved its productions from the Buriel Clay Theater to the San Francisco War Memorial and Performing Arts Center's Herbst Theatre for Cinderella, Marines' Memorial Theatre for August Wilson's Jitney, and San Francisco Opera's Taube Atrium Theatre for William Shakespeare's The Winter's Tale. Callender states the reason for the move was due to \"the business operations model of the Complex has changed under the new leadership, which has made it increasingly difficult to produce our works. The leadership has reduced our rehearsal time, tech time, and preview times.\" Productions Its signature production of the classic Cinderella fairytale is an annual holiday tradition. In addition to Cinderella, AASC typically produces two Shakespearean plays and one play by a contemporary playwright each season. Seasons begin in September/October and lasts through May/June. The 2016–17 season", "title": "African-American Shakespeare Company" }, { "docid": "74372293", "text": "The East Bay Redwoods are an isolated population of coast redwoods that exist a considerable distance inland from the coast in the Berkeley Hills in western Contra Costa County, California. Stands of Sequoia sempervirens, the Coast Redwood, occur on the west coast from Big Sur to extreme southwestern Oregon. Their preferred habitat is the temperate and perennially foggy western slopes of the California Coast Ranges; a reliance on marine climates generally restricts their range to a narrow band along the central and northern coasts of California. Geography The San Francisco Bay Area's Berkeley Hills are a member of the Inner Coast Ranges and generally exhibit vegetation characteristic of the dry California chaparral and woodlands biome. The western sections of the range are not particularly high, and are frequently indundated with fog drifting inland from the Pacific Ocean. For this reason, the Berkeley Hills exhibit a Mediterranean climate modulated by regular marine influence. This unique microclimate has allowed Coast redwoods to thrive in one of the most isolated locations in their natural range. Contra Costa County's only naturally occurring redwoods are located in three north-south trending canyons in western Contra Costa County near the towns of Moraga and Piedmont, California in the upper watershed of San Leandro Creek; its tributaries Redwood Creek and Indian Creek rise in and near the redwoods and receive flow from a number of spring-fed streams flowing out of the hills. The forest is about 2 miles wide and 3 miles long. Pinehurst road is the only road that traverses the redwoods, winding its way through the forested hills between Moraga and Piedmont. The Dr. Aurelia Reinhardt Redwood Regional Park occupies a portion of the remaining redwood forest along Redwood Creek, and is a popular outdoor recreational area for locals, while the redwood forest along upper San Leandro creek is managed as part of EBMUD's San Leandro Creek watershed and a permit is required for entry. A number of hiking trails trace their way through the redwoods which connect to other regional parks like Sibley Volcanic Regional Preserve and the Upper San Leandro Reservoir. A marker along Redwood Creek denotes the spot where in 1855, Dr. W.P. Gibbons of the California Academy of Sciences identified the Rainbow trout under the taxonomic system, calling them Salmo Irideus, they have since been reclassified as Onchorhynchus mykiss. The community of Canyon, California lies along upper San Leandro Creek in the heart of the redwood forest. Ecology The East Bay Redwoods are largely undeveloped and in a semi-natural state today. The redwoods seen in the forest today are second or third-growth specimens which are considerably younger than the former old-growth forest that existed in the canyons. One specimen in the old-growth forest had a circumference of 32 feet, while two trees on the westernmost fringes of the forest were large enough to be used by navigators entering the San Francisco Bay 16 miles to the west. Many of the trees in the forest were over 300 feet tall. It is believed", "title": "East Bay Redwoods" }, { "docid": "74997479", "text": "The East Bay within the San Francisco Bay Area has historically had a significant Black population, in comparison to the other counties and cities nearby. Culture of the area has been shaped by the Black population. Most notably the 1960s formation of the Black Panther Party happened in city of Oakland, which also served as the headquarters. The two counties that comprise the East Bay Area, Alameda and Contra Costa, are estimated at 11% and 10% Black, respectively. The largest city in the East Bay, Oakland, is estimated at 22% Black in 2022. African Americans in Oakland, California Migration and demographics The African Americans arrived in Oakland en masse between 1940 and 1970 (which is called the Second Great Migration), this was a result of Black people leaving the American South during the time of Jim Crow laws which enforced racial segregation. Local jobs in the East Bay, particularly in the World War II era, such as shipyard work and railroad work offered Black Americans middle class wages. In 1980, Oakland, California had a 47% Black population (the 20th-century peak number); and by the 2010 census, Oakland had a 27% Black population due to out of state migration and other factors. The Black population has declined since the 1980s, and since then the entire San Francisco Bay Area has experienced more affluent residents as a result of gentrification. Some of the Black residents of Oakland have sought residence in other San Francisco Bay Area cities, such as Antioch and Pittsburg, California, and have moved to other states, largely seeking a lower cost of living. However some African immigrants from Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Nigeria have taken up residence in the Bay Area. Oakland, California culture Oakland is home to Black rights organizations, such as the Black Panther Party (1966–1982). Students Huey Newton and Bobby Seale founded the Black Panther Party in 1966 at Merritt College (then located at a former high school on Grove Street, now occupied by Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute), which emphasized Black nationalism, advocated armed self-defense against police, and was involved in several incidents that ended in the deaths of police officers and other Black Panther members. Among their social programs were feeding children and providing other services to the needy. Marcus Books was founded in 1960 in the Fillmore District of San Francisco as one of the country's first Black bookstores and oldest African American bookstore in the United States. It closed its San Francisco location in 2014 (with plans to return), and has a second location at 3900 Martin Luther King Jr. Way in Oakland. Many Black celebrities grew up in Oakland, such as NFL player Marshawn Lynch, and rapper MC Hammer. Vice President Kamala Harris was born and raised in Oakland. Social issues and violence The BART Police shooting of Oscar Grant, a 22-year-old Black unarmed man occurred in 2009; this led to many protests and riots in Oakland and in the Bay Area, and a court settlement between the Grant family and BART.", "title": "African Americans in the East San Francisco Bay Area" }, { "docid": "2764804", "text": "Casa Zimbabwe, commonly referred to as CZ, is a student housing cooperative in Berkeley, California housing 124 residents. It is the second largest non-apartment style unit of the Berkeley Student Cooperative (BSC), behind Cloyne Court Hotel. Opened in 1966, it was one of the first co-ed student housing in the nation, as well as the first building intentionally built as a co-op. Located at 2422 Ridge Road, CZ is a block from the center of the northern edge of the University of California, Berkeley campus. It sits on Northside atop Holy Hill, the area in the vicinity of a five-way intersection surrounded on all sides by churches and seminaries, such as Graduate Theological Union. Joined at the hip with the Ridge House, the building overlooks the North Gate of the university, and its two accessible roofs provide a view of San Francisco, East Bay, Berkeley Hills, and most of the university. BSC office and central kitchen are located in the same building. History While every other BSC house was a preexisting structure eventually converted into a co-op, in 1966 the Ridge Project, now Casa Zimbabwe, was built with the intent of a housing a living space, BCS office and the badly needed large kitchen and warehouse. A University Student Cooperative Association (now BCS) fund raising pamphlet stated that: The one abiding principle in the whole architectural design of Ridge Project has been to build a unit reflecting individuality and freedom, the antithesis of many dormitories. The disadvantages of other dorms, uniformity, regimentation of activities and general impersonality of buildings, have been avoided. The Ridge Project actively promotes diversity, freedom and variety of activities, and a small-scale residential environment.Planning for the new project began in the late fifties with the BCS raising approximately $650,000 of the $1,500,000 needed to build it. The largest portion of that amount was provided by various foundations grants, in addition BCS received approximately $100,000 from co-op alumni, $35,000 from co-op members and $30,000 from university faculty. While as a whole the Ridge Project was coed, it had separate male and female wings and a large common area in between. There would be no restrictions on when or where a member of the house could be unless such rules where passed by the members themselves. One of the first approved motions was to switch members of a floor in the women's wing with a floor from the men's. Segregation of the wings by gender was over by mid 1970s. Casa Zimbabwe's \"party house\" reputation originated at the Ridge Project almost right after it opened. Across the bay from San Francisco its members where at the center of then blossoming hippie movement. Similarly, the political activity present today was even more so during the same years as a large portion of the members where also participating in the Free Speech Movement that originated in Berkeley several years earlier. In 1983, several members petitioned to change house's name to \"Casa Zimbabwe.\" Some felt that the term \"project\" had a", "title": "Casa Zimbabwe" }, { "docid": "18562537", "text": "The San Francisco Bay Discovery Site is a marker commemorating the first recorded European sighting of San Francisco Bay. In 1769, the Portola expedition traveled north by land from San Diego, seeking to establish a base at the Port of Monterey described by Sebastian Vizcaino in 1602. When they reached Monterey, however, they were not sure it was the right place and decided to continue north. The party reached San Pedro Creek on October 31 and camped there for four nights, while scouts led by José Francisco Ortega climbed Sweeney Ridge, where they could see over the ridge toward the east, and so became the first Europeans to see San Francisco Bay on November 1. The scouts returned on November 3, and led the entire party up to the ridge on November 4. Franciscan missionary Juan Crespi noted in his diary, \"from the summit of a peak we beheld the great estuary or arm of the sea.\" After seeing the immense bay to the east, and having learned from the scouts that further progress to the north would be blocked by the Golden Gate, the party turned southeast and descended toward the bay. Sweeney Ridge is located in northern San Mateo County and is now a part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area. The site is both a California Historical Landmark and a National Historic Landmark. The spot chosen for the marker is somewhat arbitrary, as the precise location where Portola's party reached the summit of the ridge is not known. The landmarked area encompasses two of the highest knolls on the ridge. As of October 2020, the marker has been vandalized, with Portolà’s name and the date of the discovery chiseled away. See also List of National Historic Landmarks in California National Register of Historic Places listings in San Mateo County, California References External links Visiting information The Californias History of the San Francisco Bay Area History of San Mateo County, California Geography of San Mateo County, California National Historic Landmarks in the San Francisco Bay Area National Register of Historic Places in California National Register of Historic Places in San Mateo County, California Tourist attractions in San Mateo County, California Pacifica, California San Bruno, California", "title": "San Francisco Bay Discovery Site" }, { "docid": "69702750", "text": "San Felipe is the newest municipality in the Mexican state of Baja California. Inaugurated on 1 January 2022, it is located approximately south of Mexicali, the state capital. Geography The municipality of San Felipe lies on the northeastern side of the Baja California Peninsula. It borders the municipalities of Mexicali to the north, Ensenada to the northwest, San Quintín to the west and south, and the Gulf of California to the east. The municipality also comprises various islands and islets in the Gulf, such as Roca Consag and the Islas Encantadas, e.g., Isla Coloradito, Isla El Muerto, Isla Encantada, Isla Lobos, and Isla San Luis. The municipality covers an area of . The municipality is situated in the San Felipe Desert, which is located in the rain shadow formed by the Sierra de San Pedro Mártir to its west, and is the most arid region of North America. Picacho del Diablo, the highest point in Baja California at , lies within the municipality. Average annual precipitation rarely exceeds . The southern part of the municipality extends into the Valle de los Cirios wildlife protection area, and the coastline of the northern part of the municipality is protected as part of the Alto Golfo de California Biosphere Reserve. History The Kiliwa people are the indigenous inhabitants of the area. Historically, they lived in the Sierra de San Pedro Mártir and made annual excursions to San Felipe Bay, where fresh water was available, to supplement their diet with seafood. At San Felipe Bay they gathered clams and mussels, and caught fish using a stone weir built across the entrance to the bay, as well as with hook and line. San Felipe Bay was named in 1721 by the expedition of the Jesuit missionary Pedro de Ugarte, brother of Juan de Ugarte. Fernando Consag made the first description of the bay in 1746, and Wenceslaus Linck became the first European to reach San Felipe by land in 1766. Permanent settlement of San Felipe Bay began sometime around 1910–1915 with the establishment of fisheries for totoaba and later shrimp. A highway connecting San Felipe to Mexicali was built in 1950. Diesel generators were installed in the village in 1958, and pipelines for drinking water in 1967. After citizens demanded the creation of a new municipality for many years, the Congress of Baja California approved the creation of the municipality of San Felipe from territories previously part of the delegacíon of San Felipe in the municipality of Mexicali, and the delegacíon of Puertecitos in the municipality of Ensenada. The new municipality came into force on 1 January 2022. Administration San Felipe will conduct its first municipal elections in 2024. A transitional administration was appointed by the state in August 2021. Led by its president José Luis Dagnino López, it began operations on 1 January 2022. Demographics San Felipe is the least populous municipality in Baja California. The areas which now make up the municipality recorded a population of 18,369 inhabitants in the 2010 Mexican Census.", "title": "San Felipe Municipality, Baja California" }, { "docid": "1307148", "text": "The East Bay is the eastern region of the San Francisco Bay Area and includes cities along the eastern shores of the San Francisco Bay and San Pablo Bay. The region has grown to include inland communities in Alameda and Contra Costa counties. With a population of roughly 2.5 million in 2010, it is the most populous subregion in the Bay Area. Oakland is the largest city in the East Bay and the third largest in the Bay Area. The city serves as a major transportation hub for the U.S. West Coast, and its port is the largest in Northern California. Increased population has led to the growth of large edge cities such as Alameda, Concord, Emeryville, Fremont, Hayward, Livermore, Pleasanton, San Ramon and Walnut Creek. History and development Although initial development in the larger Bay Area focused on San Francisco, the coastal East Bay came to prominence in the middle of the nineteenth century as the part of the Bay Area most accessible by land from the east. The Transcontinental Railroad was completed in 1869 with its western terminus at the newly constructed Oakland Long Wharf, and the new city of Oakland rapidly developed into a significant seaport. Today the Port of Oakland is the Bay Area's largest port and the fifth largest container shipping port in the United States. In 1868, the University of California was formed from the private College of California and a new campus was built in what would become Berkeley. The 1906 San Francisco earthquake saw a large number of refugees flee to the relatively undamaged East Bay, and the region continued to grow rapidly. As the East Bay grew, the push to connect it with a more permanent link than ferry service resulted in the completion of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge in 1936. The Bay Area saw further growth in the decades following World War II, with the population doubling between 1940 and 1960, and doubling again by 2000. The 1937 completion of the Caldecott Tunnel through the Berkeley Hills fueled growth further east, where there was undeveloped land. Cities in the Diablo Valley, including Concord and Walnut Creek, saw their populations increase tenfold or more between 1950 and 1970. The addition of the BART commuter rail system in 1972 further encouraged development in increasingly far-flung regions of the East Bay. Today, the valleys east of the Berkeley Hills contain large affluent suburban communities such as Walnut Creek, San Ramon and Pleasanton. The East Bay is not a formally defined region, aside from its being described as a region inclusive of Alameda and Contra Costa counties. As development moves generally eastward, new areas are described as being part of the East Bay. In 1996, BART was extended from its terminus in Concord to a new station in Pittsburg, symbolically incorporating the newly expanded Delta communities of Pittsburg and Antioch as extended regions of the East Bay. Beyond the borders of Alameda County, the large population of Tracy is connected as a bedroom", "title": "East Bay" }, { "docid": "21952930", "text": "Nation's Foodservice, Inc., doing business as Nation's Giant Hamburgers or simply Nation's, is a privately held El Cerrito, California-based regional fast food diner chain. Its menu includes hamburgers, hot dogs, sandwiches, breakfast items, and pies. The chain, founded in 1952, largely operates in the San Francisco Bay Area, especially the Greater East Bay, with some locations also in the Sacramento area and the Stockton area. History Russ Harvey bought a six-stool hot dog stand in 1952 near the corner of San Pablo Avenue and San Pablo Dam Road in San Pablo, California, with money he obtained through the sale of his 1948 Buick. He subsequently added hamburgers to the menu of the hot dog restaurant with a focus on large portions. After it became successful, he changed the restaurant's name to Harvey's Giant Hamburgers. In 1960, local teenager Dale Power was hired as a janitor and continued his employment from high school to his graduation at the nearby University of California, Berkeley. In 1970, he purchased his first restaurant in the Jack London Square District in neighboring Oakland. He christened it Nation's; the name was decided upon under the belief that they sold the best hamburgers in the nation. At this point Russ Harvey changed the name of his restaurant to Nation's as the two men became partners under a unified brand. More items were then added to the menu over time including breakfast, lunch, other dinner items, and pies. In 1994, Power became the company's president after Harvey retired. Originally only in the San Francisco Bay Area, the company has since expanded east into Sacramento and San Joaquin counties. Locations , the chain has 29 total locations across the San Francisco Bay Area, the Sacramento area and the Stockton area. Nine are in Contra Costa including: Brentwood, Concord, El Cerrito, Moraga, Orinda, Pleasant Hill, Pittsburg, San Pablo, and Tara Hills. The original San Pablo location is no longer standing, and the current San Pablo Nation's on the same site as the original restaurant at San Pablo Avenue and San Pablo Dam Road. There are 9 Nation's in Alameda County: Alameda, Berkeley, Castro Valley, Fremont, Hayward, Livermore, Oakland, Pleasanton, and San Leandro. The Oakland location remains in the Jack London Square District. There are four in Solano County, located in Benicia, Fairfield, Vacaville, and Vallejo. There are also single store locations in two other Bay Area counties: Daly City in San Mateo County, the only Nation's in the San Francisco Peninsula; and Napa in the county by the same name. Three restaurants are in the Central Valley cities of Modesto, Stockton, and Tracy in San Joaquin County. Expansion in 2011 also brought the chain into Sacramento County; locations there include Citrus Heights and Sacramento. See also List of hamburger restaurants References External links Official website San Pablo, California Fast-food hamburger restaurants Restaurants established in 1952 Fast-food chains of the United States Regional restaurant chains in the United States Companies based in Contra Costa County, California Restaurants in the San Francisco", "title": "Nation's Giant Hamburgers" }, { "docid": "703561", "text": "The Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta, or California Delta, is an expansive inland river delta and estuary in Northern California. The Delta is formed at the western edge of the Central Valley by the confluence of the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers and lies just east of where the rivers enter Suisun Bay, which flows into San Francisco Bay, then the Pacific Ocean via San Pablo Bay. The Delta is recognized for protection by the California Bays and Estuaries Policy. Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta was designated a National Heritage Area on March 12, 2019. The city of Stockton is located on the San Joaquin River at the eastern edge of the delta. The total area of the Delta, including both land and water, is about . Its population is around 500,000. The Delta was formed by rising sea level following glaciation, leading to the accumulation of Sacramento and San Joaquin River sediments behind the Carquinez Strait, the sole outlet from the Central Valley to San Pablo Bay. The narrowness of the Carquinez Strait coupled with tidal action has caused the sediment to pile up, forming expansive islands. Geologically, the Delta has existed for about 10,000 years, since the end of the Last Glacial Period. In its natural state, the Delta was a large freshwater marsh, consisting of many shallow channels and sloughs surrounding low islands of peat and tule. Since the mid-19th century, most of the region has been gradually claimed for agriculture. Wind erosion and oxidation have led to widespread subsidence on the Central Delta islands; much of the Delta region today sits below sea level, behind levees earning it the nickname \"California's Holland\". Much of the water supply for Central California and Southern California is also derived from the Delta, via pumps located at the southern end of the Delta. The pumps deliver water for irrigation in the San Joaquin Valley and municipal water supply for Southern California. Geography The Delta consists of approximately 57 reclaimed islands and tracts but there are nearly 200 islands in the delta that are named or not named. These are all surrounded by of levees that border of waterways. The southwestern side of the Delta lies at the foothills of the California Coast Ranges, while to the northwest sit the lower Montezuma Hills. Most of the Delta lies within Contra Costa, Sacramento, San Joaquin, Solano and Yolo Counties. The total human population of the Delta was 515,264 as of 2000. Altogether, the Delta covers , with , or nearly 73 percent, devoted to agriculture. About of the Delta area is urban and are undeveloped land. The rivers, streams, sloughs and waterways of the Delta total about of surface, although this fluctuates greatly with seasons and tides. Geologically, it is not considered a true river delta, but rather an inverted river delta, as it formed inward (sediments accumulating progressively inland) rather than outward. The only other major river delta in the world located this far inland is the Pearl River Delta in China. The main", "title": "Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta" }, { "docid": "43106638", "text": "Dan Kalb is an American politician. He represents District 1 on the Oakland City Council, a position he has held since January 2013. Education In 1982, Kalb received an undergraduate degree from the University of California at Berkeley in Conservation of Natural Resources--the same undergraduate major from which State Senate Nancy Skinner graduated. In 1988 he received a master's degree in Public and Nonprofit Administration from the University of San Francisco. Career Kalb was California Policy Director at the Union of Concerned Scientists, which he joined in 2003. where he worked for nine years on renewable energy, climate, clean transportation and air quality legislation. Before joining UCS, he worked as Director of a Sierra Club chapter and for California Common Cause, Media Alliance and CalPIRG. After being elected to the Oakland City Council in Nov. 2012, he worked extensively on affordable housing, environmental, police oversight and good government legislation. in 2014 Kalb led a charter proposal to substantially strengthen the Oakland Public Ethics Commission (PEC). The Charter measure was voted on in the general election of November 2014. It passed with over 72% of the vote. He also was the lead author of a 2016 ballot measure to create a civilian police commission in Oakland. In 2018 he ran for California's 15th State Assembly district but lost to Richmond City Councilwoman Jovanka Beckles by 0.6% for the second slot to run in the runoff against Buffy Wicks. In 2024 he ran for California's 7th State Senate district, but lost again to Jovanka Beckles for the second slot to run in the runoff against Jesse Arreguin. Recognition & Awards • Best Good Government Politician, 2014, East Bay Express • Outstanding Elected Official of the Year, 2015, CA Public Library Advocates • Most Effective Member of the (City) Council, 2016, Oakland Magazine • Affordable Housing Champion, 2020, East Bay Housing Organizations (EBHO) References External links Oakland City Council member profile Articles about Kalb at East Bay Express, Oakland Local, Oakland North, and Oakland Post Kalb at Oakland Wiki Living people Oakland City Council members University of California, Berkeley alumni University of San Francisco alumni 21st-century American politicians 1959 births", "title": "Dan Kalb" }, { "docid": "1264189", "text": "Tower Records is an international retail franchise and online music store that was formerly based in Sacramento, California, United States. From 1960 until 2006, Tower operated retail stores in the United States, which closed when Tower Records filed for bankruptcy and liquidation. Tower Records was purchased by a separate entity and was not affected by the retail store closings. On November 13, 2020, Tower Records announced that it had returned as an online retailer with plans to open future physical locations. History Inception, expansion, and description In 1960, Russell Solomon opened the first Tower Records store on Broadway, in Sacramento, California. He named it after his father's drugstore, which shared a building and name with the Tower Theatre, where Solomon first started selling records. The first stand-alone Tower Records store was located at 2514 Watt Ave in the Arden Arcade area of Sacramento. By 1976, Solomon had opened Tower Books, Posters, and Plants at 1600 Broadway, next door to another Sacramento Tower Records location. In 1995, Tower.com opened, making the enterprise one of the first retailers to move online. Seven years after its founding, Tower Records expanded to San Francisco, opening a store in what was originally a grocery store at Bay Street and Columbus Avenue. In 1979, Tower Records in Japan started its business as the Japan Branch of MTS Incorporated. The following year, Sapporo Store, the first in Japan and internationally opened. The chain eventually expanded internationally to include stores in Japan, United Kingdom, Canada, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, South Korea, Thailand, Malaysia, the Philippines, Ireland, Israel, United Arab Emirates, Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador, and Argentina. The Tower Records stores in Japan split off from the main chain and are now independent. Arguably the most famous Tower Records outlet was the purpose-built building that company staff general-contracted, with many personally contributing their labor, which opened in 1971 on the northwest corner of Sunset Boulevard and Horn Avenue in West Hollywood. In New York City, Tower Records operated a suite of stores on and near lower Broadway in Greenwich Village. The main store was located at the southeast corner of East 4th Street and Broadway. The Tower Records Annex was in the same building, located at the southwest corner of East 4th and Lafayette Street. The third store, Tower Video, was located on the southeast corner of East 4th and Lafayette Street, and specialized in video and the second floor of this location also sold books. Their location on the Upper West Side, near Lincoln Center on 66th Street and Broadway, was a magnet for those working in the field of musical theatre. There was also a location in the basement of Trump Tower, and a small clearance annex on 86th Street on the Upper East Side of Manhattan. The Nashville location on West End Avenue (across from Vanderbilt University) was in a former Packard dealership. The old showroom floor in front was devoted to CDs, cassettes and vinyl. The area in the back housed videocassette sales and rentals, PC", "title": "Tower Records" }, { "docid": "70800567", "text": "Timothy Michael Tierney (October 3, 1943 – September 15, 2012) was an American football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at California State University, Hayward—now known as California State University, East Bay—from 1975 to 1993, compiling a record of 77–109–5. Tierney was born on October 3, 1943, in Buffalo, New York, and grew up in San Francisco, where he graduated from St. Ignatius High School—now known as St. Ignatius College Preparatory in 1961. He played college football as San Francisco State University, earning All-Far Western Conference honors twice as a defensive back. Tierney was the defensive coordinator at Homestead High School in Sunnyvale, California in 1969. He moved on to Cal State Hayward in 1970 to serve as defensive coordinator under head football coach Les Davis. Tierney remained defensive coordinator for five seasons, through Bob Rodrigo's four-year stint as head coach, before succeeding Rodrigo in 1975. Tierney had the longest tenure, 19 seasons, of the four head coaches of the Cal State Hayward Pioneers football program. After the dissolution of the football program following the 1993 season, Tierney remained at Cal State Hawyard, working as a professor of kinesiology until 2001 and then serving as head coach of the men's and women's golf teams. Tierney died on September 15, 2012, from complications following brain surgery. Head coaching record References 1943 births 2012 deaths American football defensive backs Cal State Hayward Pioneers football coaches San Francisco State Gators football coaches San Francisco State Gators football players College golf coaches in the United States High school football coaches in California California State University, East Bay faculty St. Ignatius College Preparatory alumni Players of American football from Buffalo, New York Coaches of American football from California Players of American football from San Francisco", "title": "Tim Tierney (American football)" }, { "docid": "42289937", "text": "Clayton George Bailey (March 9, 1939 – June 6, 2020), was an American artist who worked primarily in the mediums of ceramic and metal sculpture. Early life and education Clayton George Bailey was born on March 9, 1939, in Antigo, Wisconsin. In middle school he met his future wife, artist Betty Joan Graveen (Betty G. Bailey). Bailey attended the University of Wisconsin–Madison, where he received a B.S. degree in 1961, followed by an M.S. in Art and Art Education in 1962. In 1962, Bailey served as a technical assistant to Harvey Littleton, who was conducting glassblowing seminars at the Toledo Museum of Art. Career Over the next five years, Bailey traveled the country accepting invitations to teach, from the People's Art Center in St. Louis, Missouri to positions with the University of Iowa, and the University of South Dakota. During this period Bailey received a Louis Comfort Tiffany grant (1963), and was appointed artist-in-residence at University of Wisconsin–Whitewater, where he taught ceramics for the following three years. At the request of Robert Arneson, Bailey taught Arneson's classes at the University of California, Davis while Arneson was on sabbatical in 1967. In 1968, Bailey relocated to northern California, where he became a leading figure in the ceramic vein of the regional Funk art movement, pioneered by Arneson. Much of the Funk art activity was centered around UC Davis, where other prominent figures in the movement (Roy De Forest, Manuel Neri, William T. Wiley, David Gilhooly, Chris Unterseher, Margaret Dodd) either taught, or attended classes. A leading venue for exhibiting Funk art was at the Candy Store Gallery, located in nearby Folsom, California, where Bailey would regularly present work in the context of both solo and group shows. In 1968, Bailey began teaching at California State University, Hayward (now California State University, East Bay). He retired from this position in June 1996, with the title of Professor Emeritus of Ceramics. Bailey became an ordained minister of the Universal Life Church in 1969, then formed The First Psychoceramic Church with headquarters in the Dairyville Cafe in Crockett, California. His church was created for the purpose of disseminating crackpot ideas (and performing the occasional marriage ceremony). In 1970, Bailey established a home-studio space in rural Port Costa, California, where he became neighbors with fellow artist Roy De Forest. The two collaborated on numerous projects, and remained friends until De Forest's death in 2007. Overlapping the Funk art movement was Nut art, a term coined by De Forest, which brought together many of the same practitioners including Arneson, De Forest, and Gilhooly, along with Peter Saul, Jerry Gooch, Victor Cicanski, Richard Shaw, David Zack. In 1972, Bailey co-curated the first-ever Nut art show at California State University, Hayward. Stylistically, Bailey's work bridged several different categories and styles including Funk art, Nut art, ceramic and metallic sculpture, and Performance art. A recurring thread through all his work is humor, along with a high degree of craftsmanship. Another track for artistic expression developed with the creation of", "title": "Clayton Bailey" }, { "docid": "62263754", "text": "Old Survivor, also known as the Grandfather Tree, is the last remaining old-growth coastal redwood of the redwood forest that once populated the Oakland Hills in California. Description Old Survivor has a unique shaggy appearance with several large branches drooping outward from its sparse upper crown. The tree is much taller than the surrounding trees, all of which are second growth. Despite its name, the tree, which dates to 1549–1554, is actually young for an old-growth coastal redwood, many of which live between 1200 and 1800 years old or more. Between 7-12 years before Old Survivor was seeded, Spanish/Portuguese explorer Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo had led the first expedition to explore the coast of what is now California. The tree can be observed at a distance from the York Trail of Leona Heights Park, or from the parking lot of Carl B. Munck Elementary School where there is a plaque detailing the tree's statistics and history. History From 1845 to 1860, logging of the coastal redwoods in the area for their valuable timber wiped out much of the dense coastal redwood forest that once populated the Oakland Hills of East Bay. A second wave of logging following the 1906 San Francisco earthquake further contributed to the forest's destruction, leaving only a few scattered pockets of old-growth redwoods left in the entirety of East Bay. However, Old Survivor's location on an exceptionally steep and rocky slope beside Horseshoe Creek made it unprofitable to log, and thus the tree was spared the fate of its neighbors. In 1916, the land where the tree stands was purchased by the city of Oakland in order to preserve the remaining redwoods in the area. The tree was rediscovered in 1969 by Oakland Parks naturalist Paul Covel in what was then McCrea Memorial Park (today called Leona Heights Park). A core ring count at the time made by Glen Strouse at Humboldt State University estimated the tree's age to be between 415 and 420 years old relative to 1969. Old Survivor was designated a City of Oakland Historic Landmark on June 24, 1980. In 2018, the documentary film Old Survivor celebrated the tree and reflected back on the history of Oakland's coastal redwood forests. See also List of individual trees Redwood Regional Park East Bay Regional Park District References Individual coast redwood trees Oakland, California", "title": "Old Survivor" }, { "docid": "50931265", "text": "Anaheim Bay is an extensive harbor and wetland complex in Orange County, California in the United States. The bay is located on the Pacific Ocean coast of northwestern Orange County next to Seal Beach and is split into several distinct but interconnected parts. The term \"Anaheim Bay\" generally refers to the deep-water Navy harbor at the bay entrance. Further southeast are the Huntington Harbor, which serves small private vessels, and the Bolsa Bay, a salt-water estuary. Bordering the bay are hundreds of acres of salt marshes, some of the largest remaining such habitats in Southern California. Geography and features The Anaheim Bay entrance is located at the westernmost corner of Orange County near the Los Angeles County line. The bay and its associated harbors and wetlands extend southeast along the coast for a distance of some from Seal Beach towards Huntington Beach; they are protected by a long peninsular barrier beach where Surfside, Sunset Beach and Bolsa Chica State Beach are situated. Los Alamitos Army Airfield and Naval Weapons Station Seal Beach are located adjacent to each other on the north and north-east sides of the bay, respectively. Harbors The bay is divided into an outer and inner deep water harbor. The triangular, outer harbor is man-made, protected by two converging rubble breakwaters and maintained to a depth of . The west breakwater has a length of and the east breakwater is . The inner harbor is natural but dredged to maintain a minimum depth of . The two harbors are connected by a channel wide and deep. To the southeast is long, narrow Huntington Harbor, a residential marina of . Once a shallow tidal lagoon, Huntington Harbor is now dredged to a depth of to provide passage for small boats. It is connected to the inner deep water harbor by a channel wide and deep. Wetlands To the north of Anaheim Bay is the Anaheim Salt Marsh in the Seal Beach National Wildlife Refuge, which consists of over of predominantly salt marshes connected by tidal channels to the bay. About of this is open water at high tide. The salt marsh also encloses Hog Island, the only significant natural island in the bay complex. The larger NASA Island was created for rocket testing in the mid-1960s. The islands now provide of upland habitat, or the only permanently dry land within the refuge. Being located within the naval base, public access to the wildlife refuge is highly restricted. Connected to the southeast end of Huntington Harbor is Bolsa Bay, which has retained many of its original wetlands. The Bolsa Chica wetlands are the largest remaining coastal wetlands in California between Monterey Bay and the mouth of the Tijuana River, with of salt flats, lagoons and tidal streams. A set of floodgates regulates the water level between Bolsa Bay and Huntington Harbor. While Bolsa Bay was once a separate body of water, its ocean outlet silted up in the early 1900s after a man-made channel was cut to link it to", "title": "Anaheim Bay" }, { "docid": "65680672", "text": "Judge John Sutter Regional Shoreline is a park located in Oakland, California along the shore of San Francisco Bay at the foot of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge. It is part of the East Bay Regional Parks District. The park opened on October 21, 2020. History From 1903 to the early 1940s, the site of the park was the east end of the Key System mole, a long causeway and pier which once extended nearly to Yerba Buena Island. Key System trains ran the length of the mole to the ferry slips where transbay commuters transferred between trains and ferryboats. During the construction of the Bay Bridge in the 1930s, the site was transformed for the planned bridge railway on the lower deck of the Bay Bridge, to be used by the Southern Pacific, Sacramento Northern and the Key System. Service over the bridge railway commenced in January 1939. A substation located at the site provided electrical power to all the Key System trains. The 1930s-era industrial Bridge Yard building was a maintenance center for the electric trains. In 1941, the Department of the Army established the Oakland Army Base at the site as a transportation port and distribution terminal. For 60 years, it served as an entry and return point for supplies, equipment, and soldiers that served in World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, Operation Desert Shield, and Operation Desert Storm. The base closed in 1999. The idea of the park was thought up by former Park District Board Member John Sutter, who first proposed the concept of a waterfront park at the then current Oakland Army Base in a 1967 letter to the Association of Bay Area Governments. The park is the culmination of decades of cooperation between a nine member consortium of local, regional, and state agencies, which includes the City of Oakland, the Association of Bay Area Governments, the East Bay Regional Park District, and the California Department of Transportation. The park is named after Judge John Sutter, an East Bay civic and environmental leader who led a long career as a superior court judge, as Oakland's vice mayor, and as former East Bay Regional Park District Director. He was the president and a founding member of Citizens for Regional Recreation and Parks and was instrumental in obtaining and preserving public access to the bay shoreline. Park features The park features the newly renovated Bridge Yard building, which serves as a hub for activity and as a venue for public events and conferences. The 24,000 square foot, 1930s era building is due to serve as a space for recreational programming and event space. Made from the existing foundations of the old Bay Bridge, the park has a 600-foot long observation pier with views of the bay and the bridge. The pier also provides public waterfront access for fishing. With the opening of the park, improved parking and pedestrian access has made it easier to access the Alexander Zuckermann Bay Bridge Trail. Open to", "title": "Judge John Sutter Regional Shoreline" }, { "docid": "1617606", "text": "The MacArthur Maze (or more simply the Maze; formally, the East Bay Distribution Structure) is a large freeway interchange in Oakland, California. It splits traffic coming off the east end of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge into three freeways: the Eastshore (I-80/I-580), MacArthur (I-580) and Nimitz (I-880). Description San Francisco Bay Area traffic funnels across the few bridges spanning the bay, so the Maze's central location near the east end of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge makes it a hub for east–west and north–south traffic accessing San Francisco and Oakland. It is also next to the Port of Oakland, the fourth-busiest container port in the United States. Four freeways intersect at this interchange: Interstate 80 from the Maze heads west across the Bay Bridge into San Francisco, where it joins US 101. The Interstate 80/Interstate 580 wrong-way concurrency from the Maze heads north through Berkeley and western Contra Costa County. Just north of the Berkeley-Albany border, about north of the Maze, the concurrency splits. Interstate 80 heads northeast towards Sacramento. Interstate 580 heads northwest towards the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge and eventually to Marin County, where it joins U.S. 101 in San Rafael. Interstate 580 from the Maze heads southeast through Oakland. A mile southeast is an interchange with State Route 24/Interstate 980, a corridor for commuters from Contra Costa County. I-580 continues southeast along the foot of the hills (and nearly atop the trace of the Hayward Fault) to Castro Valley. I-580 then turns east and continues through the Livermore Valley, over Altamont Pass, and ending up near Tracy, where it terminates at Interstate 5. Interstate 880 from the Maze heads south and southeast through Oakland along the Oakland Estuary, past the Oakland International Airport, and the Oakland Coliseum, then through southern Alameda County to San Jose where it turns into Highway 17 to Santa Cruz. Local traffic using the interchange includes East Bay commuters to and from San Francisco via the Bay Bridge, as well as drivers traveling up and down the East Bay. For long-distance traffic accessing other parts of the country, I-80 is the primary Interstate Highway for points east. Although Interstate 5, the main north–south Interstate Highway on the West Coast of the United States, bypasses the Bay Area to the east, connections are provided to the Maze via I-505 and I-80 from the north, and I-580 to the south. Furthermore, drivers on US 101 who want to bypass San Francisco can use I-880 from San Jose to the Maze, and then I-580 across the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge. Despite the interchange's size, it does not permit complete freedom of movement. Drivers approaching the Maze on I-880 from the south cannot directly access I-580 east, nor can drivers on I-580 from the east directly access I-880 south. In at least one instance, the MacArthur Maze has been considered to include or instead refer to the four-level stack interchange completed in 1985 between California State Route 24, Interstate 980, and Interstate 580, about east of the East Bay", "title": "MacArthur Maze" }, { "docid": "22141433", "text": "Ernest Albert Coxhead (1863–1933) was an English-born architect, active in the United States. He was trained in the offices of several English architects and attended the Royal Academy and the Architectural Association School of Architecture, both in London. He moved to California where he was the semi-official architect for the Episcopal Church. At the beginning of his career, Ernest Coxhead focused on designing churches, primarily in the Gothic Revival style. After the mid-1890s, Coxhead focused on residential designs. He was involved in the emergence of the Arts and Crafts style in California. He succeeded in designing residences that incorporated the elements and character of the English country house - shingled, Arts and Crafts style English Vernacular Cottages that combined elements from different periods for dramatic effect. Early life Ernest Albert Coxhead was born in Eastbourne, East Sussex, the fourth of six children of William Coxhead, a retired schoolmaster. At the age of 15 Ernest became articled to civil engineer George Wallis. After five years experience in both public projects and residential developments, in 1883 Coxhead left Eastbourne for London. In London he worked for architect Frederic Chancellor, who restored gothic churches. Los Angeles Coxhead moved with his older brother, Almeric William Sylvester Coxhead (1862–1928), to Los Angeles, California in 1886, where he established an independent practice, and soon secured commissions to design several Episcopal Churches in Southern California. San Francisco Coxhead's success with these projects led to commissions for several more churches in Northern California. He moved to San Francisco and opened the Coxhead and Coxhead office in 1890, with Almeric as his business partner. Seventeen Coxhead church buildings were constructed, of which eleven are extant. In 1893 his Episcopal Church client, Bishop William Kip, died and Coxhead started to concentrate on residential work. His residences include townhouses in San Francisco and large homes in Palo Alto, Alameda, and Berkeley. From 1918 to 1919, Coxhead went to LeMans, France, to organize and direct the American Expeditionary Force's University School of Architecture, established by John Galen Howard, for members of the United States armed forces stationed in France. He was subsequently appointed Chief of the University Extension Field Work of the Fine Arts Department at the University School of Architecture in Beaune, France. Coxhead returned to the United States and lived in Berkeley until his death in 1933. A collection of his work can be found in the Environmental Design Archives at the College of Environmental Design, University of California, Berkeley. Selected buildings Residential Commercial and public Churches References External links Finding aid to the Ernest Coxhead Collection Collection at the Environmental Design Archives, University of California, Berkeley Description of 53 extant Bay Area buildings by Coxhead (Bay Area Architecture and Public Art Documentation Project) 1863 births 1933 deaths 19th-century English architects Architects from Sussex Architecture in the San Francisco Bay Area Arts and Crafts architects English emigrants to the United States Culture of Berkeley, California People from Eastbourne 19th-century American architects 20th-century American architects", "title": "Ernest Coxhead" }, { "docid": "4357603", "text": "Interstate 80 (I-80) is a transcontinental Interstate Highway in the United States, stretching from San Francisco, California, to Teaneck, New Jersey. The segment of I-80 in California runs east from San Francisco across the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge to Oakland, where it turns north and crosses the Carquinez Bridge before turning back northeast through the Sacramento Valley. I-80 then traverses the Sierra Nevada, cresting at Donner Summit, before crossing into the state of Nevada within the Truckee River Canyon. The speed limit is at most along the entire route instead of the state's maximum of as most of the route is in either urban areas or mountainous terrain. I-80 has portions designated as the Eastshore Freeway and Alan S. Hart Freeway. Throughout California, I-80 was built along the corridor of US Route 40 (US 40), eventually replacing this designation entirely. The prior US 40 corridor itself was built along several historic corridors in California, notably the California Trail and Lincoln Highway. The route has changed from the original plans in San Francisco due to freeway revolts canceling segments of the originally planned alignment. Similarly in Sacramento, the freeway was rerouted around the city after plans to upgrade the original grandfathered route through the city to Interstate Highway standards were canceled. Route description I-80 is recognized as the Dwight D. Eisenhower Highway in the Western United States and a Blue Star Memorial Highway for its entire length. In California, it follows the original corridor of the Lincoln Highway from Sacramento to Reno (with minor deviations near Donner Summit). I-80 is part of the California Freeway and Expressway System and is part of the National Highway System, a network of highways that are considered essential to the country's economy, defense, and mobility by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). I-80 is also known as the Dutch Flat and Donner Lake Wagon Road from Emigrant Gap to Donner Lake. The segment of I-80 from Emigrant Gap to Truckee also forms part of the Yuba–Donner Scenic Byway, a National Forest Scenic Byway. San Francisco Bay Area According to the California Streets and Highways Code, most maps, and local signs, I-80 begins at the interchange with US 101 in San Francisco. However, federal records place the western terminus of I-80 at the western approach to the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge, at the location of the Fremont Street offramp (previously known as the Terminal Separator Structure that once connected it to the Embarcadero Freeway). The federal and state governments disagree as to whether this westernmost segment of the signed Interstate, known as the San Francisco Skyway or Bayshore Viaduct, is actually part of the Interstate Highway System, although it is consistently shown as I-80 on most maps of San Francisco. Eastshore Freeway The Eastshore Freeway is a segment of I-80 and I-580 along the northeast shoreline of San Francisco Bay. It runs from the MacArthur Maze interchange just east of the eastern end of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge to the Carquinez Bridge. I-580 splits from the", "title": "Interstate 80 in California" }, { "docid": "10167057", "text": "Ellen Marie Corbett is an American Democratic politician from the San Francisco Bay Area. She served in the California State Senate, representing the 10th District, which included San Leandro, Hayward, Pleasanton, Union City, Fremont, Newark, Milpitas, and part of San Jose. She was the Senate Majority Leader. Ellen Corbett was elected to the California State Assembly in the 1998, and served there until 2004, when she was termed out. Previously, she served on the San Leandro City Council and was the first woman in the city's history directly elected as Mayor, serving as Mayor of San Leandro from 1994 to 1998. Corbett has also worked as an attorney, community college professor and civic activist. In 2016, Corbett was elected as a board member of the East Bay Regional Park District. Corbett attended Chabot Community College and California State University, East Bay, earning a Bachelor of Science degree from the University of California, Davis and a Juris Doctor degree from McGeorge Law School. Corbett lives in San Leandro, California. Senate 10th District The 10th District encompasses the southern part of the East Bay, located directly south of California's 9th State Senate district. As such, it includes the southern half of Alameda County and a portion of Santa Clara County. 2011 redistricting After redistricting in 2011 by the California Citizens Redistricting Commission, the new 10th district now includes 40.7% of Alameda County and 17.4% of Santa Clara County. Cities in the district include Fremont, Hayward, Milpitas, and Santa Clara. The new boundaries took effect for the 2014 election for the district, in which Corbett was ineligible to run in due to term limits. 2014 US Congressional elections Corbett termed out of the State Senate seat in 2014. In February 2013, addressing the possibility of her running for Eric Swalwell's seat in the US House of Representatives 15th congressional district, Corbett said \"I would be honored to serve in [the United States] Congress, but it’s too early to discuss 2014.\" After the 2013 legislative session, Corbett began campaigning against Swalwell, with the support of Pete Stark, whom Swalwell defeated in 2012. However, she finished in third place, missing a general election slot by 0.5% to Republican Hugh Bussell, a technology manager/educator from Livermore. Swalwell lead the primary with almost 50 percent of the vote, winning nearly 70 percent against Bussell in the November general election. Legislative positions Corbett has passed legislation to provide students with more information on student loan options, provide safeguards for car purchasers, and protect California homeowners who suffered during the nationwide housing crisis. She has received an 87% rating from Clean Water Action California in 2012, and a 99% lifetime rating from the California League of Conservation Voters. Corbett has publicly advocated for restoring of full funding to the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program in the 2012 U.S. Farm Bill, which had proposed cuts to the program. Legislative honors In 2008, Corbett was named one of the Top 100 Attorneys in California and an Outstanding Legislator by the California State", "title": "Ellen Corbett" }, { "docid": "690897", "text": "Richard Diebenkorn (April 22, 1922 – March 30, 1993) was an American painter and printmaker. His early work is associated with abstract expressionism and the Bay Area Figurative Movement of the 1950s and 1960s. In the late 1960s he began his extensive series of geometric, lyrical abstract paintings. Known as the Ocean Park paintings, these paintings were instrumental to his achievement of worldwide acclaim. Biography Richard Clifford Diebenkorn Jr. was born on April 22, 1922, in Portland, Oregon. His family moved to San Francisco, California, when he was two years old. From the age of four or five he was continually drawing. In 1940, Diebenkorn entered Stanford University, where he met his first two artistic mentors, professor and muralist Victor Arnautoff, who guided Diebenkorn in classical formal discipline with oil paint, and Daniel Mendelowitz, with whom he shared a passion for the work of Edward Hopper. Hopper's influence can be seen in Diebenkorn's representational work of this time. While attending Stanford, Diebenkorn visited the home of Sarah Stein, the sister-in-law of Gertrude Stein, and first saw the works of European modernist masters Cézanne, Picasso, and Matisse. Also at Stanford, Diebenkorn met his fellow student and future wife, Phyllis Antoinette Gilman. They married in 1943 and went on to have two children together, a daughter, Gretchen (1945), and a son, Christopher (1947). The beginning of the United States's involvement in World War II interrupted Deibenkorn's education at Stanford, and he was not able complete his degree at that time. Diebenkorn entered the United States Marine Corps in 1943, where he served until 1945. While enlisted, Diebenkorn continued to study art and expanded his knowledge of European modernism, first while enrolled briefly at the University of California, Berkeley, and later on the East Coast, while stationed at the Marine base in Quantico, Virginia. While enrolled at Berkeley he had three influential teachers: Worth Ryder, Erle Loran, and Eugene Neuhaus. Both Ryder and Erle Loran had studied art in Europe in the 1920s and brought their first-hand knowledge of European modernism to their teaching. Neuhaus emigrated from Germany in 1904 and was a seminal figure in establishing the Bay Area as a center of art appreciation and education on the West Coast. On the East Coast, when he transferred to the base in Quantico, Diebenkorn took advantage of his location to visit art museums in Washington, DC, Philadelphia, and New York City. This allowed him to study in person the paintings of modern masters such as Pierre Bonnard, Georges Braque, Henri Matisse, Joan Miró, and Pablo Picasso. Also at this time, he had his first exposure to the new New York–based artists who were beginning their abstract Surrealism-based paintings. The work of Robert Motherwell, in particular, left an impression. Diebenkorn began his own experiments in abstract painting. In 1945, Diebenkorn was scheduled to deploy to Japan; however, with the war's end in August 1945, he was discharged and returned to life in the Bay Area. During the late 1940s and early 1950s, Diebenkorn", "title": "Richard Diebenkorn" }, { "docid": "24855102", "text": "The Classroom, Laboratory & Administration Building, commonly known simply as the CLA Building, was an administrative building on the campus of California State Polytechnic University, Pomona (Cal Poly Pomona). Designed by Albuquerque, New Mexico-based architect Antoine Predock in the Futurist style and completed in 1993, it has come to be the defining image of the university. The Administration portion of the building was demolished in August 2022 after a discovery of a fault line under the building. Its pointed, triangular and open top made it the most distinct tower on the university campus. According to Predock, \"inevitably, human settlement alters the landscape. Successive habitation has altered the Pomona Valley from the original dry swept earth of Rancho San Jose. Now the verdant Arabian horse ranch of W.K. Kellogg coexists with the technological, superscale freeway interchange.\" Due to Cal Poly Pomona's proximity to the Los Angeles district of Hollywood, the building has been displayed in films such as Gattaca and Impostor, as well as several TV commercials for products such as cars and cell phones. Cal Poly Pomona changed its logo in 1994 after the opening of the building. The CLA building sat directly above the San Jose Hills fault and had the second-highest seismic \"risk score\" of 72.94, in the California State University system, after Warren Hall at CSU East Bay. It suffered no structural damage as a result of the 5.4 magnitude July 29, 2008 Chino Hills earthquake. It leaked water since it was completed in 1993, while the building's connections and beams did not meet California earthquake safety standards. The University won a $13.3 million settlement after a lawsuit against the contractor who built the CLA. University officials began contemplating demolishing the building due to the amount of maintenance work it required. The CSU Board of Trustees, at its September 21, 2010 meeting, approved a proposal to replace the CLA with a new facility. All administrative offices located in the \"tower\" portion of the CLA were moved to the Student Services Building (SSB). The SSB (colloquially known as the \"Spaceship\" or the \"Pringle\") opened in spring 2019 and is located directly southwest from where the CLA once stood. The Cal Poly Pomona logo was also changed in 2018 concurrent with the disuse of the CLA tower. The removal of the Administration portion of the building, including the Registrar area began in May 2022 and was completed by the end of summer. The CLA was replaced by The Park at 98 which offers green space, outdoor seating, and studying areas. This new park opened in the spring of 2023, consisting of three levels of terraces that make up nearly 8,600 square feet of gathering space. As a tribute to the tower, a seating wall in the form of a point was constructed using sections from the demolished CLA tower. This wall encircles the approximate location where the CLA once stood. The Classroom and Laboratory portions of the building are to be renovated and placed back in service, which has", "title": "CLA Building" } ]	[ "Hayward , California" ]
train_45927	example of a government run as a direct democracy	[ { "docid": "30845489", "text": "Types of democracy refers to the various governance structures that embody the principles of democracy (\"rule by the people\") in some way. Democracy is frequently applied to governments (ranging from local to global), but may also be applied to other constructs like workplaces, families, community associations, and so forth. Types of democracy can cluster around values. Some such types, defined as direct democracy (or participatory democracy, or deliberative democracy), promote equal and direct participation in political decisions by all members of the public. Others, including the many variants of representative democracy, favor more indirect or procedural approaches to collective self-governance, where decisions are made by elected representatives rather than by the people directly. Types of democracy can be found across time, space, and language. The foregoing examples are just a few of the thousands of refinements of, and variations on, the central notion of \"democracy.\" Direct democracy A direct democracy, or pure democracy, is a type of democracy where the people govern directly, by voting on laws and policies. It requires wide participation of citizens in politics. Athenian democracy, or classical democracy, refers to a direct democracy developed in ancient times in the Greek city-state of Athens. A popular democracy is a type of direct democracy based on referendums and other devices of empowerment and concretization of popular will. An industrial democracy is an arrangement which involves workers making decisions, sharing responsibility and authority in the workplace (see also workplace). Representative democracies A representative democracy is an indirect democracy where sovereignty is held by the people's representatives. A liberal democracy is a representative democracy with rule of law, protection for individual liberties and rights, and limitations on the power of the elected representatives. An illiberal democracy is a representative democracy with weak or no limits on the power of the elected representatives to rule as they please. Types of representative democracy include: Parliamentary democracy – a democratic system of government where the legislative branch (the parliament) appoints the executive branch (typically a cabinet), which is headed by a prime minister who is considered the head of government. Westminster democracy – parliamentary system of government modeled after that of the United Kingdom. Presidential democracy – a democratic system of government where the head of government is also head of state (typically a president) and leads an executive branch that is separate from the legislative branch. Jacksonian democracy – a variant of presidential democracy popularized by U.S. President Andrew Jackson which promoted the strength of the executive branch and the Presidency at the expense of Congressional power. Representative democracies often contain political parties, which are groups of politicians with similar views who work together to win elections. Depending on how many major parties exist, a representative democracy can have one of the following party systems: Dominant-party system – a system where only one political party can realistically win enough votes to become the government, by itself or in a coalition government. Two-party system – a system where only two parties or alliances,", "title": "Types of democracy" }, { "docid": "44845894", "text": "The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to democracy. Democracy – form of government which allows people to participate equally—either directly or through elected representatives—in the proposal, development, and creation of laws. Nature of democracy Democracy can be described as a(n): Institution – structure or mechanism of social order and cooperation governing the behavior of a set of individuals within a given human community. Institutions are identified with a social purpose and permanence, transcending individual human lives and intentions, and with the making and enforcing of rules governing cooperative human behavior. Government – the legislators, administrators, and arbitrators in the bureaucracy who control a state at a given time and to the system of government by which they are organized. Types of democracy The main types of democracy include the following: Direct democracy – the people decide (e.g. vote on, form consensus on) policy initiatives directly. Semi-direct democracy - a combination of direct and representative democracy. Politicians still exist, but citizens can make initiatives, referendums, and recalls. Representative democracy – elected officials represent a group of people. All modern Western-style democracies are types of representative democracies; for example, Germany is a parliamentary republic. History of democracy History of democracy – democracy can be traced back from the present day to classical Athens in the 6th century BCE. Athenian democracy – democracy in the Greek city-state of Athens developed around the fifth century BCE, making Athens one of the first known democracies in the world, comprising the city of Athens and the surrounding territory of Attica. It was a system of direct democracy, in which eligible citizens voted directly on legislation and executive bills. Solon (c. 638 – c. 558 BCE) – Athenian statesman, lawmaker, and poet. Legislated against political, economic, and moral decline in archaic Athens. His reforms failed in the short term, yet he is often credited with having laid the foundations for Athenian democracy. Cleisthenes (born around 570 BCE) – father of Athenian democracy. He reformed the constitution of ancient Athens and set it on a democratic footing in 508/7 BCE. Ephialtes (died 461 BCE) – led the democratic revolution against the Athenian aristocracy, which exerted control through the Areopagus, the most powerful body in the state. Ephialtes proposed a reduction of the Areopagus' powers, and the Ecclesia (the Athenian Assembly) adopted Ephialtes' proposal without opposition. This reform signaled the beginning of a new era of \"radical democracy\" for which Athens would become famous. Pericles – arguably the most prominent and influential Greek statesman. When Ephialtes was assassinated for overthrowing the elitist Council of the Aeropagus, his deputy Pericles stepped in. He was elected strategos (one of ten such posts) in 445 BCE, which he held continuously until his death in 429 BCE, always by election of the Athenian Assembly. The period during which he led Athens, roughly from 461 to 429 BCE, is known as the \"Age of Pericles\". Ostracism – procedure under the Athenian democracy in which any citizen could be", "title": "Outline of democracy" }, { "docid": "95816", "text": "Direct democracy or pure democracy is a form of democracy in which the electorate decides on policy initiatives without elected representatives as proxies. This differs from the majority of currently established democracies, which are representative democracies. The theory and practice of direct democracy and participation as its common characteristic was the core of work of many theorists, philosophers, politicians, and social critics, among whom the most important are Jean Jacques Rousseau, John Stuart Mill, and G.D.H. Cole. Overview In direct democracy, the people decide on policies without any intermediary or representative, whereas in a representative democracy people vote for representatives who then enact policy initiatives. Depending on the particular system in use, direct democracy might entail passing executive decisions, the use of sortition, making laws, directly electing or dismissing officials, and conducting trials. Two leading forms of direct democracy are participatory democracy and deliberative democracy. Semi-direct democracies, in which representatives administer day-to-day governance, but the citizens remain the sovereign, allow for three forms of popular action: referendum (plebiscite), initiative, and recall. The first two forms—referendums and initiatives—are examples of direct legislation. , thirty countries allowed for referendums initiated by the population on the national level. A compulsory referendum subjects the legislation drafted by political elites to a binding popular vote. This is the most common form of direct legislation. A popular referendum empowers citizens to make a petition that calls existing legislation to a vote by the citizens. Institutions specify the timeframe for a valid petition and the number of signatures required, and may require signatures from diverse communities to protect minority interests. This form of direct democracy effectively grants the voting public a veto on laws adopted by the elected legislature, as in Switzerland. A citizen-initiated referendum, also called an initiative, empowers members of the general public to propose, by petition, specific statutory measures or constitutional reforms to the government and, as with other referendums, the vote may be binding or simply advisory. Initiatives may be direct or indirect: with the direct initiative, a successful proposition is placed directly on the ballot to be subject to vote (as exemplified by California's system). With an indirect initiative, a successful proposition is first presented to the legislature for their consideration; however, if no acceptable action is taken after a designated period of time, the proposition moves to direct popular vote. Constitutional amendments in Switzerland, Liechtenstein or Uruguay go through such a form of indirect initiative. A deliberative referendum is a referendum that increases public deliberation through purposeful institutional design. Power of recall gives the public the power to remove elected officials from office before the end of their designated standard term of office. Mandatory referendums correspond to majority rule while optional referendums and popular initiatives correspond to consensus democracy (e.g. Switzerland). History Antiquity One strand of thought sees direct democracy as common and widespread in pre-state societies. The earliest well-documented direct democracy is said to be the Athenian democracy of the 5th century BC. The main bodies in the Athenian democracy", "title": "Direct democracy" }, { "docid": "12345753", "text": "During the Classical era and Hellenistic era of Classical Antiquity, many Hellenic city-states had adopted democratic forms of government, in which free (non-slave), native (non-foreigner) adult male citizens of the city took a major and direct part in the management of the affairs of state, such as declaring war, voting supplies, dispatching diplomatic missions and ratifying treaties. These activities were often handled by a form of direct democracy, based on a popular assembly. Others, of judicial and official nature, were often handled by large juries, drawn from the citizen body in a process known as sortition. By far the most well-documented and studied example is the Athenian democracy in Athens. However, there are documented examples of at least fifty-two Greek city-states including Corinth, Megara, and Syracuse that also had democratic regimes during part of their history. According to Ober (2015), the proportion of Greek city-states with democratic regimes gradually increased from the mid 6th century BC to the end of the 4th century BC, when perhaps half of the one-thousand Greek city-states in existence at the time had democratic regimes. Federal democracy During the period from the 4th to the early 2nd centuries BC, the political center of gravity in Greece shifted from individual city-states to federal leagues, such as the Aetolian League and the Achaean League. These were confederations that jointly handled the foreign and military affairs for the member cities. Their internal structure was democratic with respect to the member cities, that is, each city within the league had a weight roughly proportional to its size and power. On the other hand, the cities themselves were largely represented in the leagues by their wealthy elites if they had an oligarchic form of government (another common form of government during the late Classical and Hellenistic periods) or by their Tyrant if they had a tyrannical form of government. These federal leagues differed from earlier groupings of Greek city-states, like the Peloponnesian League or the Delian League, in that they were not dominated by a single city as the earlier leagues used to be dominated by Athens and Sparta. References Further reading Eric W. Robinson, Ancient Greek Democracy: Readings and Sources, John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2003. Classical Greece Josiah Ober, \"The Rise and Fall of Classical Greece\", Princeton University Press, 2015.", "title": "Greek democracy" }, { "docid": "129203", "text": "A recall election (also called a recall referendum, recall petition or representative recall) is a procedure by which, in certain polities, voters can remove an elected official from office through a referendum before that official's term of office has ended. Recalls appear in the constitution in ancient Athenian democracy. Even where they are legally available, recall elections are only commonly held in a small number of countries including Peru, Ecuador, and Japan. They are considered by groups such as ACE Electoral Knowledge Network as the most rarely used form of direct democracy. Process The processes for recall elections vary greatly by country and can be originated in different ways. Initiating a recall This can be done in two ways: Indirect (also known as a \"Mixed\" or \"Top-down\" recall): A recall may only be triggered by an official authority such as a government, parliament, or president. Direct (also known as a \"Full\" or \"Bottom-up\" recall): A recall may be triggered by the public directly by the collection of signatures. Costs The scheduling of a recall outside of normal elections means large additional expenses to run an extra election (or two). For example, the 2021 California Gubernatorial recall election cost taxpayers an additional $300 million for an election that the governor won 61.9% to 38.1%. Turnout Many recall elections take place in off-years, resulting in much lower voter turnout than regularly-scheduled elections. Education Some recall elections have different rules than normal elections, requiring voter education and outreach. By country Argentina The recall referendum arrived in Latin America shortly after its introduction at the US subnational level, in 1923 and 1933, to Cordoba and Entre Ríos provinces, respectively, both in Argentina. There, recall exists at the provincial level in Chaco (introduced in 1957), Chubut (1994), Córdoba (1923, 1987), Corrientes (1960), La Rioja (1986), Rio Negro (1988), Santiago del Estero and Tierra del Fuego (1991); other provinces include it for their municipalities, namely, Entre Ríos (1933), Neuquén (1957), Misiones (1958), San Juan (1986), San Luis (1987). It is also included in Buenos Aires City (1996). Canada An attempt at introducing recall legislation for Canada's federal Parliament was brought in October 1999 by Reform Party opposition member Ted White through a private members bill entitled Bill C 269, the Recall Act (An Act to establish the right of electors to recall members of Parliament.). However, the legislation stalled and did not progress past first reading. As such, no nation-wide recall statute exists, but two provinces, Alberta and British Columbia have recall laws on the books. Alberta The province of Alberta enacted recall legislation for Members of the Legislative Assembly in 1936 during the Social Credit government of William Aberhart. The legislation was repealed after a petition was introduced for the recall of Aberhart himself. In 2020, the Government of Alberta announced it will introduce a bill allowing recall elections for Members of the Legislative Assembly, municipal governments, and school boards. This bill, Bill 52, was passed and received Royal Assent June 17, 2021, and came", "title": "Recall election" }, { "docid": "2714990", "text": "Randomness has many uses in science, art, statistics, cryptography, gaming, gambling, and other fields. For example, random assignment in randomized controlled trials helps scientists to test hypotheses, and random numbers or pseudorandom numbers help video games such as video poker. These uses have different levels of requirements, which leads to the use of different methods. Mathematically, there are distinctions between randomization, pseudorandomization, and quasirandomization, as well as between random number generators and pseudorandom number generators. For example, applications in cryptography usually have strict requirements, whereas other uses (such as generating a \"quote of the day\") can use a looser standard of pseudorandomness. Early uses Games Unpredictable (by the humans involved) numbers (usually taken to be random numbers) were first investigated in the context of gambling developing, sometimes, pathological forms like apophenia. Many randomizing devices such as dice, shuffling playing cards, and roulette wheels, seem to have been developed for use in games of chance. Electronic gambling equipment cannot use these and so theoretical problems are less easy to avoid; methods of creating them are sometimes regulated by governmental gaming commissions. Modern electronic casino games contain often one or more random number generators which decide the outcome of a trial in the game. Even in modern slot machines, where mechanical reels seem to spin on the screen, the reels are actually spinning for entertainment value only. They eventually stop exactly where the machine's software decided they would stop when the handle was first pulled. It has been alleged that some gaming machines' software is deliberately biased to prevent true randomness, in the interests of maximizing their owners' revenue; the history of biased machines in the gambling industry is the reason government inspectors attempt to supervise the machines—electronic equipment has extended the range of supervision. Some thefts from casinos have used clever modifications of internal software to bias the outcomes of the machines—at least in those which have been discovered. Gambling establishments keep close track of machine payouts in an attempt to detect such alterations. Random draws are often used to make a decision where no rational or fair basis exists for making a deterministic decision, or to make unpredictable moves. Political use Athenian democracy Fifth century BC Athenian democracy developed out of a notion of isonomia (equality of political rights), and random selection was a principal way of achieving this fairness. Greek democracy (literally meaning \"rule by the people\") was actually run by the people: administration was in the hands of committees allotted from the people and regularly changed. Although it may seem strange to those used to modern liberal democracy, the Athenian Greeks considered elections to be essentially undemocratic. This was because citizens chosen on merit or popularity contradicted the democratic equality of all citizenry. In addition, allotment prevented the corrupt practice of buying votes as no one could know who would be selected as a magistrate, or to sit on a jury. Modern politics Allotment, also called sortition, is today used in the selection of jurors in Anglo-Saxon legal", "title": "Applications of randomness" } ]	[ { "docid": "67026535", "text": "Oral democracy is a talk-based form of government and political system in which citizens of a determined community have the opportunity to deliberate, through direct oral engagement and mass participation, in the civic and political matters of their community. Additionally, oral democracy represents a form of direct democracy, which has the purpose of empowering citizens by creating open spaces that promote an organized process of discussion, debate, and dialogue that aims to reach consensus and to impact policy decision-making. Political institutions based on this idea of direct democracy seek to decrease the possibilities of state capture from elites by holding them accountable, to encourage civic participation and collective action, and to improve the efficiency and adaptability of development interventions and public policy implementation. Citizen's participation in this type of political system can be found in Indian village assemblies, which are ruled based on the principle of a democratic decentralized structure implemented by the political institute and cabinet of the village, also known as Gram Panchayat. The Gram Sabha is the most distinguished organ and general body of the Gram Panchayat, since it allows citizens to deliberate and decide on the implementation of public policies, local governance, development goals, accountability, and strategic planning of projects for the village. The term oral democracy was originally presented by Vijayendra Rao and Paromita Sanyal in their 2019 book entitled Oral Democracy: Deliberation in Indian Village Assemblies. It is still considered a new and modern concept that requires further research and theoretical and practical analysis by the academic community. Characteristics Oral democracy has three main characteristics: oral engagement, mass participation, and equality. Rao and Sanyal, the developers of oral democracy as a concept emphasize the relevance and value that the oral element exercises in this form of political organization. The spoken engagement in oral democracy is composed by monologues, which are commonly used citizens and public officials to comment on personal experiences and reflection, and by dialogues, which represent an interactive exchange of ideas and an opportunity to question and challenge the comments and performance of political leaders and public institutions. It is expected that talk- centered participation, such as the one found in oral democracy, becomes more widely recognized as a type of skill and ability that can improve individual quality of life and the quality of collective governance. Contrary to other forms of direct and deliberative democracy, oral democracy does not excludes or limits the participation of citizens. Oral democracies seek mass participation by creating public spaces and forums where an effective deliberation among citizens and between citizens and state officials can be conducted. Oral democracies, such as the ones that can be found in the Indian Village Assemblies, aim toward providing citizens the equal right of expressing their ideas and concerns to the state and the equal right to speak and to deliberate and exchange ideas with the other members of the community. Equality also represents an essential element and characteristic of a functioning and modern oral democracy, given that, in the", "title": "Oral democracy" }, { "docid": "75902880", "text": "Alliance4Europe is a non-profit civil society organisation that strives to strengthen European democracy by fostering cooperation among actors across society. The organisation was founded in 2018 by a group of civil society organisations, and citizens across Europe. Its foundation was initially predicated as a response to growing concerns about populism and extremism across Europe. Alliance4Europe have since created and carried out a number of campaigns directed towards being an \"engine for European democracy\", and fighting disinformation. Through their campaigning, Alliance4Europe have reached over 74 million people across Europe – and are supported by over 1000 partners. Approach Alliance4Europe model their action on an approach that is based on community collaboration, digital intelligence analysis and campaign creation. Through this approach, they have been able to connect and support like-minded Pro-European civil society organisations, and develop \"a successful playbook for democracy\". Because of this, the organisation has managed to work alongside partners such as the Project for Democratic Union in pursuit of the protection of democracy in Europe and the wider region; the civic action network being a prominent example. Notable projects Partnership Hub The \"Partnership Hub\" is an initiative aiming to create civil society cooperation to empower Ukrainian refugees in the Poland-Ukraine border region. The project aimed to enable - providing psychological support, professional activation, social integration, and campaigning against disinformation and xenophobia. Through its approach, it has thus far had a positive impact on over 17,000 refugees. DISARM DISARM is an open source framework on disinformation tactics, techniques and procedures which has been supported by Alliance4Europe. DISARM applies established cybersecurity practices and infrastructure to information threats. The framework has been recommended for use by NATO, and used by the EU External Action Service, the EU Cybersecurity Agency and is in the EU code of practice on disinformation. In 2023, DISARM was adopted by the EU and US government as part of a formal data sharing system on foreign information manipulation and interference. the DISARM framework is overseen, developed and maintained by the DISARM foundation. European Hub The European Hub for civic engagement is a project that focuses on creating an online space for collaboration and content sharing between civic organisations. The platform supports organisations by enabling them to share relevant information, build community and access funding. The project aims to promote European integration and increase citizen influence on EU institutions. Democrisis Alliance4Europe was instrumental in the launch of DemoCrisis, a civil action network for collaboration among pro-democracy campaign movements across Europe and the wider region. It was initiated by movements from Israel, Hungary and Poland, and expanding further afield. The project intends to cross borders and share best practices to protect liberal democracy. References Political advocacy groups in Europe Political organizations established in 2018 Organisations based in Munich", "title": "Alliance4Europe" }, { "docid": "5274938", "text": "Free-market democracy, consumer's democracy, or the market's economic democracy, is an economic state of affairs where the power to dispose of the means of production, belonging to the entrepreneurs and capitalists, can only be acquired by means of the consumers' ballot, held daily in the market-place. There is no equality of vote in this democracy; some have plural votes. But the greater voting power which the disposal of a greater income implies can only be acquired and maintained by the test of election. Examples of free-market democracy are laissez-faire capitalism or anarcho-capitalism, where votes are represented by the voluntary interaction of free people subject to the self-ownership and the non-aggression principle. In case of monetary exchange interactions this is sometimes referred to as dollar voting. In these economic systems, in contrast to ballot votes in political democracy, every voter gets to vote at any and all time and for any one willing to accept votes. Some people just get to cast more votes than others, because they received more votes. The free-market democracy satisfies the Liberal democratic basic order definition of democracy because: This political system allows for elections of representatives of parliament (composed of multiple members/parties) under universal suffrage of citizens, and parliamentary voting to establish a government. This is commonly understood as self-determination of a nation. Parliamentary ratification of legislation by large majority is required. All legal rules/laws, whether legislative, statutory or adjudicative, must satisfy the right to self-ownership and the non-aggression principle. Therefore the political participation system is free from political tyranny, and the economic participation system is free from economic tyranny like for example economic totalitarianism. Many liberal or libertarian human rights follow from the principles of self-ownership, non-aggression and liberty of action only restricted by the non-aggression principle. This includes: (1) the right to life, understood as self-ownership, prohibition on aggressive homicide, the right to self-defense and the parental care duty; and (2) the right to free development, understood as the right to own property, and right to establish contract, commonly called economic liberty. The political system implements the separation of powers, including judicial system with judges elected by the judicial election council, whose members are representatives from and elected by respectively, the council, the executive government, and direct by the people, establishing judicial independence. The authorities of the state's powers follow only form the constitution specifying the administrative law. The justice system allows for private prosecution of all individuals including state members establishing government accountability. Political parties are not subsidized by the state and every member has the equal right of voluntary exchange to receive party support establishing the 'equal chances' interpretation of 'equal opportunity' for parties. Free-market democrats also characterized as libertarians are therefore not anti-democratic, both in the sense of the above definition and as a type of democracy. References Free market Macroeconomic theories", "title": "Free market democracy" }, { "docid": "62675244", "text": "The Democracy Collaborative is a 501(c)(3) non-profit, American think tank and research center founded at the University of Maryland in 2000. It is based in Washington, D.C., and Cleveland, Ohio, and researches strategies to create a democratic economy, and to contribute to community wealth building and environmental and social sustainability. Projects Community Wealth Building Among The Democracy Collaborative's chief programs is Community Wealth Building, \"an alternative economic model which uses the power of democratic participation to drive equitable development and ensure wealth is retained locally.\" Examples of Community Wealth Building projects include Cleveland, OH, Preston, UK, Chicago, IL, and Preston, England. Britain's Labour Party has created a Community Wealth Building unit, which stresses the importance of municipal ownership, i.e. \"taking direct responsibility for providing local public services\" to produce an \"economy owned and governed by the local community will serve that community rather than distant corporate interests.\" Community-Wealth.org is a Democracy Collaborative project that seeks to facilitate conversation and creation of more equitable wealth distribution in American communities. The Next System Project The Democracy Collaborative's website calls the Next System Project \"an ambitious multi-year initiative aimed at thinking boldly about what is required to deal with the systemic challenges the United States faces now and in coming decades.\". At its launch in 2015, its aims were co-signed by over 350 academics and leaders who pledged to work towards building \"a new political economy that takes us beyond the current system that is failing all around us.\" Fifty by Fifty Fifty by Fifty is an initiative that seeks to expand employee ownership in the United States. The Democracy Collaborative initiative hopes to help create 50 million employee owners by the year 2050. People Marjorie Kelly, Director of Special Projects, Distinguished Senior Fellow, cofounder of Business Ethics magazine. References External links Official website Political and economic think tanks in the United States 501(c)(3) organizations Organizations established in 2000", "title": "Democracy Collaborative" }, { "docid": "58492843", "text": "What Is Democracy? is a 2018 documentary film written and directed by Astra Taylor. The documentary blends everyday experience and political theory to address questions viewed as central to democracy. Interview subjects include academics, activists, politicians, refugees, trauma surgeons, students, and a barber. While attempting to address the primary question, the documentary also looks at pressing issues of contemporary times, including the Greek debt crisis. In the documentary, Taylor suggests that the current form of democracy is bad and people should seek a more direct democracy. Reviewers noted that the documentary never directly answers the title question. Summary At the beginning of the documentary, Astra Taylor discusses the meaning of The Allegory of Good and Bad Government with Silvia Federici in front of the fresco. In this discussion, Federici highlights that early European democracies recognized that a democracy came with its winners and its losers. The discussion of the fresco is used throughout the film as a structuring device, alongside discussions in important sites of ancient Athens with Efimia Karakantza and quotations from Plato's Republic. Cornel West builds on the winners and losers that Federici discussed to observe the large number of people left out of modern democracies. He also discusses when important change has come about as an undermining of majority-rule. The documentary then turns to a local healthcare group, operating illegally, as an example of people organizing at a local level to solve problems that no one else is. Later, Wendy Brown discusses the divide in philosophy between philosophers who prioritize individual bodily security, such as Thomas Hobbes, and philosophers who believed in the possibility of collective action, such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Brown also presents the question of how to \"make a democratic people out of an undemocratic one\" and describes it as \"our problem today.\" The film, however, presents a perspective of the people interviewed as people who are civically-minded, even when democratic institutions do not work for them. Distribution The film premiered in June 2018 at the Sheffield Doc/Fest, and was screened at the 2018 Toronto International Film Festival and the 2018 Vancouver International Film Festival. It was released commercially on January 16, 2019. Critical reception On Rotten Tomatoes the film has a rating of 96% based on reviews from 26 critics. On Metacritic it has a score of 71% based on reviews from 7 critics. Gary Goldstein of the Los Angeles Times, viewed the film as a \"crucial first step\" in \"surveying anew where democracy stands — and falls — in our present universe.\" John Defore reviewed the film for The Hollywood Reporter, finding it to be \"unfocused\" and \"scattered\", but nonetheless \"consistently engaging\". Ben Kenigsberg of The New York Times reviewed the film, saying, \"Yet the movie has a tendency to take arguments to overbroad ends (should grade school be a democracy?) and is inevitably unwieldy. It's easy to imagine a more cogent film that weighted either philosophy or reportage more heavily.\" Charlie Phillips awarded four stars to the film, when reviewing it for", "title": "What Is Democracy?" }, { "docid": "23137705", "text": "The Forum of Federations is an international organization based in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It develops and shares comparative expertise on the practice of federal and decentralized governance through a global network. The Forum and its partners comprise a global network on federalism. The Forum brings the world’s leading experts together with the “practitioners” of government: elected officials, civil servants, and political operatives from many countries. The Forum's learning and technical assistance programs have covered the following countries, such as Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Burma, Canada, Ethiopia, Germany, India, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Libya, Malaysia, Mexico, Morocco, Nepal, Nigeria, Pakistan, the Philippines, South Africa, South Sudan, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Switzerland, Tunisia, the United Arab Emirates and Yemen. The Forum’s direct relationship with governments on each continent makes it uniquely placed to promote intergovernmental learning by working in tandem with its partner governments. Organization The Forum of Federations is an international network of federal countries, elected officials, civil servants and scholars. The Forum was established by the Government of Canada in 1999 and currently has nine other partner governments: Australia, Brazil, Ethiopia, Germany, India, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan and Switzerland. Forum's headquarters are in Ottawa, Canada, and it has field offices in Kathmandu, Nepal; Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Manila, Philippines; Berlin, Germany and India. The Forum also has offices in the MENA region, incl. Jordan, Morocco and Tunisia. The Forum runs training and knowledge-sharing programs to address governance challenges in existing and emerging federations, as well as in devolved and decentralized countries. The Forum is concerned with the contribution that multi-level government can make to democracy building and democratic consolidation. • The Forum assists in democracy promotion in fragile states or regions in post-conflict situation. • It provides innovative solutions to challenges posed by multi-level governance in federal, devolved, and decentralized countries. • It focuses on the key issues of local empowerment and federal structures. • It provides expertise that bridges the worlds of academic research and real-world practice. The Forum runs learning events on federalism, gives technical advice on democratic governance and produces publications for academics and practitioners of federalism. Its activities involve working with government officials as well as academic experts, young professionals, journalists and other civil society organizations. The Forum works globally – in the Americas, in Europe, in Africa and in Asia-Pacific. Activities The Forum of Federations has a variety of Programs and activities, including, policy and development programs across the world, publishes books, reports and papers related to federalism and democracy, and hosts educational events and conference on federalism and governance issues. Programs The Forum has two branches of programs: Policy and Research and Development Assistance. Policy Programs are uniquely able to combine theoretical knowledge of the practice of multilevel governance with practical experience. They also provide and develop invaluable comparative international experiences supporting both the development of solutions to multilevel governance challenges, and the overall body of knowledge in the field. Policy Program research acts as a hub for knowledge exchange between researches and governance practitioners globally.", "title": "Forum of Federations" }, { "docid": "66557173", "text": "Luke John de Pulford (, born 18 August 1984) is a human rights campaigner, particularly in the areas of modern slavery and human rights abuses in China. In 2015, de Pulford co-founded Arise, which he led until 2022. He is the founder and Executive Director of the Inter-Parliamentary Alliance on China, which he co-founded with leading legislators from eight legislatures in 2020. De Pulford is also co-founder of the Coalition for Genocide Response, sits as a Commissioner on the Conservative Party Human Rights Commission, advises the World Uyghur Congress, and is the trustee of several charities. Activism Whilst de Pulford has become known for his role in the Hong Kong democracy campaign, such as confronting the pro-establishment Hong Kong politician Junius Ho, his human rights campaigns have covered several areas. Modern slavery In 2015, John Studzinski joined de Pulford to create Arise, an anti-slavery charity based in London and New York and working in high-risk areas of India, Albania, the Philippines and Nigeria. The group works with governments, including the UK and Taiwan, along with global bodies, such as the United Nations, to confront human trafficking and modern slavery. De Pulford works with politicians, frontline anti-slavery groups, Catholic sisters and community leaders to prevent slavery and ensure long term support for victims. In 2022, de Pulford was instrumental in the campaign to outlaw forced labour from NHS supply chains. Minorities in the Middle East In 2016, de Pulford ran a campaign which resulted in the first ever Parliamentary declaration of genocide in the UK Parliament regarding the treatment of Yazidis, Christians and other minorities, particularly in Iraq and Syria, a move which, according to The Guardian is \"almost unprecedented.\" Human and democratic rights in China Since 2019, de Pulford has emerged as an adviser to democracy activists in Hong Kong and to British MPs who are critical of the CCP. This has been noticed by Chinese leadership and, along with Mike Pompeo and Tsai Ing-Wen, de Pulford was one of seven people cited by the Hong Kong authorities as evidence democracy campaigner Jimmy Lai was colluding with foreign forces. As a result of his Hong Kong pro-democracy campaigning, officials in the Foreign Office have warned de Pulford (along with other campaigners, including Bill Browder and other British MPs) of the risk of extradition when travelling. The warning followed de Pulford's name appearing in court documents relating to the arrest of Andy Li. Since his arrest, IPAC have campaigned for Li's release, with de Pulford arguing that the arrest was part of China's attempt to make an example of activists. He formed the Coalition for Genocide response in the Houses of Parliament with Lord Alton and Gregory Stanton to maintain pressure on the Johnson government to prevent and punish mass atrocities against ethnic and religious groups. The coalition served at the vehicle for the \"Genocide Amendment\" which he drafted with Lord Alton in 2020, running the campaign to attach it to the 2020 Trade Bill in both the House of Lords", "title": "Luke de Pulford" }, { "docid": "50719889", "text": "Semi-parliamentary system can refer to one of the following: a prime-ministerial system, in which voters simultaneously vote for both members of legislature and the prime minister a system of government in which the legislature is split into two parts that are both directly elected – one that has the power to remove the members of the executive by a vote of no confidence and another that does not. The former was first proposed by Maurice Duverger, who used it to refer to Israel from 1996 to 2001. The second was identified by German academic Steffen Ganghof. Like semi-presidential systems, semi-parliamentary systems are a strongly rationalized form of parliamentary systems. After Israel decided to abolish the direct election of prime ministers in 2001, there are no national prime-ministerial systems in the world; however, a prime-ministerial system is used in Israeli and Italian cities and towns to elect mayors and councils. There are two national and five subnational examples of the other type of semi-parliamentarism still in existence today—the national examples of Australia and Japan and the subnational examples of the five bicameral Australian states. Prime-ministerial systems In a prime-ministerial system, as in standard parliamentary systems, the prime minister can still be dismissed by a vote of no confidence, this however effectively causes a snap election for both the prime minister and the legislature (a rule commonly expressed by the brocard aut simul stabunt aut simul cadent, Latin for \"they will either stand together, or fall together\"). Parliamentary systems originated in constitutional monarchies, in which the government was dually accountable to the parliament and the king: the plurality of opinions of elected assemblies was then balanced by the direction of the monarch. Over time, the power of hereditary monarchs came to be understood as untenable in a democracy, leading many constitutional monarchies to evolve into parliamentary republics, while in the remaining ones the monarch became an increasingly ceremonial figure: regardless of the presence of an elected or unelected head of state, the parliament was thus established as the dominating institution. In their most basic form, parliamentary systems tend to be quite anarchic, as in the well-known cases of the French third and fourth republics. The attitude of parliaments towards governments is essentially oppositive, as elected assemblies are often incapable of taking energetic decisions whose advantages will only be perceived in the future, but whose disadvantages are immediately experienced by the electors. This calls for a strong rationalization of parliamentary systems, such as the one that developed in the United Kingdom, where the hereditary monarch has effectively been replaced by an \"elected monarch\", namely the prime minister. Being largely based on conventions, the Westminster system cannot be easily replicated in other countries. In his 1956 proposal, Maurice Duverger suggested that France could attain government stability by means of a direct election of the Prime Minister, that was to take place at the same time as the legislative election, by means of a separate ballot paper. The Prime Minister and his supporting parliamentary majority", "title": "Semi-parliamentary system" }, { "docid": "270488", "text": "The National Endowment for Democracy (NED) is a quasi-autonomous non-governmental organization in the United States founded in 1983 to advance democracy worldwide, by promoting political and economic institutions, such as political groups, trade unions, free markets, and business groups. The NED was created as a bipartisan, private, non-profit corporation, and in turn acts as a grant-making foundation. It is funded primarily by an annual allocation from the U.S. Congress. In addition to its grants program, the NED also supports and houses the Journal of Democracy, the World Movement for Democracy, the International Forum for Democratic Studies, the Reagan–Fascell Fellowship Program, the Network of Democracy Research Institutes, and the Center for International Media Assistance. Upon its founding, the NED assumed some former activities of the CIA. Political groups, activists, and some governments have said the NED has been an instrument of United States foreign policy helping to foster regime change. History Founding The National Security Decision Directive 77 was instrumental for the creation of Project Democracy and its offspring NED. In a 1982 speech at the Palace of Westminster, President Ronald Reagan proposed an initiative, before the British Parliament, \"to foster the infrastructure of democracy – the system of a free press, unions, political parties, universities.\" This intersected with previously formulated plans by the American Political Foundation, an NGO supported by some members of the Republican and Democratic parties, together with scholars based at CSIS, to create a government-funded but privately run democracy promotion foundation to support democratic civil society groups and parties. The idea was strongly championed by the State Department, which argued that a non-governmental foundation would be able to support dissident groups and organizations in the Soviet Bloc, and also foster the emergence of democratic movements in US-allied dictatorships that were becoming unstable and in danger of experiencing leftist or radical revolutions, without provoking a diplomatic backlash against the US government. After some initial uncertainty over the idea from Reagan Administration hard-liners, the U.S. government, through USAID (United States Agency for International Development), contracted The American Political Foundation to study democracy promotion, which became known as \"The Democracy Program\". The Program recommended the creation of a bipartisan, private, non-profit corporation to be known as the National Endowment for Democracy (NED). NED, though non-governmental, would be funded primarily through annual appropriations from the U.S. government and subject to congressional oversight. In 1983, the House Foreign Affairs Committee proposed legislation to provide initial funding of $31.3 million for NED as part of the State Department Authorization Act (H.R. 2915), because NED was in its beginning stages of development the appropriation was set at $18 million. Included in the legislation was $13.8 million for the Free Trade Union Institute, an affiliate of the AFL–CIO, $2.5 million for an affiliate of the National Chamber Foundation, and $5 million each for two party institutes, which was later eliminated by a vote of 267–136. The conference report on H.R. 2915 was adopted by the House on November 17, 1983, and the Senate the following", "title": "National Endowment for Democracy" }, { "docid": "28964679", "text": "Collaborative e-democracy refers to a hybrid democratic model combining elements of direct democracy, representative democracy, and e-democracy (or the incorporation of ICTs into democratic processes). This concept, first introduced at international academic conferences in 2009, offers a pathway for citizens to directly or indirectly engage in policymaking. Steven Brams and Peter Fishburn describe it as an \"innovative way to engage citizens in the democratic process,\" that potentially makes government \"more transparent, accountable, and responsive to the needs of the people.\" Collaborative e-democracy is a political system that enables governmental stakeholders (such as politicians, parties, ministers, MPs) and non-governmental stakeholders (including NGOs, political lobbies, local communities, and individual citizens) to collaborate in the development of public laws and policies. This collaborative policymaking process occurs through a government-sanctioned social networking site, with all citizens as members, thus facilitating collaborative e-policy-making. Michael Gallagher suggests that it can be a \"powerful tool that can be used to improve the quality of decision-making.\" Andrew Reynolds even believes that \"collaborative e-democracy is the future of democracy.\" In this system, directly elected government officials, or ‘proxy representatives’, would undertake most law and policy-making processes, embodying aspects of representative democracy. However, citizens retain final voting power on each issue, a feature of direct democracy. Furthermore, every citizen is empowered to propose their own policies and, where relevant, initiate new policy processes (initiative). Collaboratively formulated policies, considering the views of a larger proportion of the citizenry, may result in more just, sustainable, and therefore, implementable outcomes. As Steven Brams and Peter Fishburn suggest, \"collaborative e-democracy can help to ensure that all voices are heard, and that decisions are made in the best interests of the community.\" They argue that this can lead to \"more just and sustainable outcomes.\" Collaborative e-democracy can also help to improve the quality of decision-making, as noted by Michael Gallagher, who states, \"By involving a wider range of people in the decision-making process, collaborative e-democracy can help to ensure that decisions are made on the basis of sound evidence and reasoning.\" Gallagher further proposes that this collaborative approach can contribute to \"more sustainable outcomes.\" Andrew Reynolds posits that \"Collaborative e-democracy can help to make government more responsive to the needs of the people. By giving citizens a direct say in the decision-making process, collaborative e-democracy can help to ensure that government is more accountable to the people. This can lead to more implementable outcomes, as decisions are more likely to be supported by the people.\" Additional references support the idea that collaborative e-democracy can lead to more just, sustainable, and implementable outcomes. Theoretical Framework Collaborative e-democracy encompasses the following theoretical components: Collaborative Democracy: A political framework where electors and elected officials actively collaborate to achieve optimal solutions using technologies that facilitate broad citizen participation in government. Collaborative e-Policymaking (CPM): A software-facilitated, five-phase policy process in which citizens participate either directly or indirectly via proxy representatives. This process unfolds on a government-backed social networking site, with all citizens as members. Each member can propose issues, evaluate", "title": "Collaborative e-democracy" }, { "docid": "32084710", "text": "E2D International (E2D) was the political international of the Electronic Direct Democracy (E2D) Party movement. The E2D Manifesto described the basic political principles of E2D International member parties. Most of the member parties are defunct. The Swedish Direktdemokraterna remains as the last active party as of November 2020. Project To help create and promote parties with only one element in their program: Direct Democracy (\"a form of democracy in which sovereignty is lodged in the assembly of all citizens who choose to participate\"). E2D parties were to be politically non-partisan and their agenda entirely based on people's decision, determined by means of referendums and initiatives organized by party members and citizens. These organized systems were supposed to allow citizens to vote on propositions of laws submitted by elected members of parliament, but also to propose new laws. Mission The mission for Electronic Direct Democracy (E2D) International was: to help establish, to support and promote, and to maintain communication and co-operation between neutral electronic direct democracy parties around the world. The E2D Manifesto The E2D Manifesto, collaboratively drafted in February 2011 by representatives from Citizens for Direct Democracy, Online Party of Canada, Partido de Internet, Aktiv Demokrati, Demoex, Senator Online and Partidul Romania Online using Participedia.net, was a document which described the basic political principles of E2D International. The E2D Manifesto was inspired by the ideas of Aki Orr, amongst others. Parties E2D was active in several countries. See also Anticipatory democracy Collaborative e-democracy Collaborative governance Consensus democracy Deliberative democracy Demarchy Direct democracy E-participation E-democracy Electronic direct democracy Grassroots democracy Inclusive Democracy Open source governance Non-partisan democracy Participatory budgeting Participatory economics Participatory justice Public incubator Public sphere Public participation Radical transparency Rationality and power Sociocracy Workers' council References This page incorporates content from Participedia under the Creative Commons ShareAlike Unported 3.0 licence. Further reading Orr, A. (2007). Big Business, Big Government or Direct Democracy: Who Should Shape Society? online version Gutmann, A. D., Thompson, F. (2004). \"Why Deliberative Democracy?\", Princeton University Press, Google Books Surowiecki, James (2004). The Wisdom of Crowds: Why the Many Are Smarter Than the Few and How Collective Wisdom Shapes Business, Economies, Societies and Nations Little, Brown Ober, Josiah (1989). Mass and Elite in Democratic Athens: Rhetoric, Ideology and the Power of the People. Princeton Ober, Josiah and C. Hendrick (edds) (1996). Demokratia: a conversation on democracies, ancient and modern. Princeton Raaflaub K. A., Ober J., Wallace R. W. (2007) Origins of Democracy in Ancient Greece, University of California Press. External links Aktiv Demokrati Citizens for Direct Democracy Dimopolis Democratici Diretti Direct Democracy Party of New Zealand Demoex Hayeshira Online Party of Canada OurNZ Party Partido de Internet Partidul Romania Online Party of Internet Democracy Senator Online Svojpolitik.si Map of Worldwide Direct or Fluid Democracy Direct democracy movement Non-profit technology Elections", "title": "E2D International" }, { "docid": "40076568", "text": "Government crowdsourcing is a form of crowdsourcing employed by governments to better leverage their constituents' collective knowledge and experience. It has tended to take the form of public feedback, project development, or petitions in the past, but has grown to include public drafting of bills and constitutions, among other things. This form of public involvement in the governing process differs from older systems of popular action, from town halls to referendums, in that it is primarily conducted online or through a similar IT medium. Various thinkers, including but not limited to Daren Brabham, Beth Noveck, and Helene Landemore, have each presented their own definitions of what crowdsourcing as a whole, and government crowdsourcing by extension, necessarily entails, but there has been no consensus thus far. Governments which have adopted crowdsourcing as a method of information gathering, policy guidance, and in some cases a vital part of the lawmaking process include Brazil, Finland, Iceland, Egypt, Tunisia, and the United States, among many others. Precursors to government crowdsourcing Though, in the past, direct democracy employed many of the same mechanisms as government crowdsourcing, and indeed could resemble it at times, the objectives direct democracy tended to pursue and the methods it used set it apart. Crowdsourcing requires a specific goal, rewards to be gained by both the crowd and the government, and an open request for anyone to participate, as well as to be conducted through the internet or some other IT medium. Programs which truly resembled pre-Internet government crowdsourcing did not emerge until the 17th and 18th centuries. These were government-sponsored competitions such as the Alkali prize, which lead to the development of the Leblanc Process, and the Longitude Prize. Other early precursors to government crowdsourcing either followed the same model of reaching out in search of an expert or inventor capable of solving the problem at hand, via what Brabham refers to as the \"broadcast-search model\". The American government distributed large tasks, such as mapping wind and current patterns along trade routes among American sailors, delegating the discovery of existing knowledge to a crowd in a model similar to what is now referred to as \"distributed human intelligence tasking\". Finally, the French Cahiers de doléances were the most directly governmental example of pre-internet government crowdsourcing. In the lead up to the French Revolution, the three estates listed their grievances and made suggestions to improve the government. These problems, complaints, and proposals were considered and debated through the sessions of the Estates general. Similar efforts to hear the grievances and suggestions of subjects, and later constituents, can be seen at the heart of various political institutions around the world, such as town halls in the United States, petitions in the United Kingdom and beyond. Modern government crowdsourcing Today, government crowdsourcing follows similar models, albeit utilizing the internet, mobile phones and other IT mediums. Around the world, governments continue to use competitions, delegate large tasks, and reach out to their constituents for feedback both on specific bills and for guidance on various", "title": "Government crowdsourcing" }, { "docid": "8622040", "text": "Fusion of powers is a feature of some parliamentary forms of government where different branches of government are intermingled or fused, typically the executive and legislative branches. It is contrasted with the separation of powers found in presidential, semi-presidential and dualistic parliamentary forms of government, where the membership of the legislative and executive powers cannot overlap. Fusion of powers exists in many, if not a majority of, parliamentary democracies, and does so by design. However, in all modern democratic polities the judiciary does not possess legislative or executive powers. The system first arose as a result of political evolution in the United Kingdom over many centuries, as the powers of the monarch became constrained by Parliament. The term fusion of powers itself is believed to have been coined by the British constitutional expert Walter Bagehot. Examples Australia Australia has a partially Westminster-derived parliamentary system in which the executive branch is entirely composed of members of the legislative branch. Government ministers are required to be members of parliament—but the federal judiciary strictly guards its independence from the other two branches. Canada Canada, like other parliamentary countries using the Westminster system, has a fusion between the executive and the legislative branches, with the Prime Minister and other Cabinet ministers being members of Parliament. Senator Eugene Forsey of Canada remarked that \"in Canada, the Government and the House of Commons cannot be at odds for more than a few weeks at a time. If they differ on any matter of importance, then, promptly, there is either a new government or a new House of Commons.\" However, the two branches have distinct roles, and in certain instances can come into conflict with each other. For example, in June 2021, the Speaker of the House of Commons directed a member of the public service to comply with an order of the House of Commons to share certain documents with the Commons, and the public servant refused to do so. The federal government announced that it would challenge the Speaker's ruling in the Federal Court, but dropped the lawsuit in August when Parliament was dissolved for a federal election. Denmark The Danish government relies on the confidence of the parliament, Folketinget, to stay in power. If there is a successful motion of no confidence against the government, it collapses and either a new government is formed or new elections are called. The executive branch thus relies on the legislative branch. France The current French Fifth Republic provides an example of the fusion of powers from a country that does not follow the Westminster system. Rather France follows a model known alternatively as a semi-presidential system or 'mixed presidential-parliamentary' system, which exists somewhere between parliamentary democracies and presidential democracies. Israel Israel has a Westminster-derived parliamentary system, in which the Government is generally made up of members of the Knesset, Israel's parliament. It is legally possible in Israel to appoint ministers who are not members of Knesset, but that is usually not done. By law, the Prime Minister", "title": "Fusion of powers" }, { "docid": "18811667", "text": "Pimicikamak is an indigenous people in Canada. Pimicikamak is related to, but constitutionally, legally, historically and administratively distinct from, the Cross Lake First Nation which is a statutory creation that provides services on behalf of the Canadian Government. Pimicikamak government is based on self-determination and has a unique form. Traditional government A modern Pimicikamak leader is quoted as saying: \"Our ancestors governed themselves in our territory since time immemorial. Pimicikamak did not have rulers. It had leaders. Leadership was based on consensus and especially upon respect that was earned.\" Oral history told by Pimicikamak elders says that traditional government under customary law (Pimicikamāk okimākānak) was based on consensus, like other Cree governments. Customary law is well-recognized in the jurisprudence of the U.S., U.K. and Canada. Pimicikamak leaders were respected persons, possibly of the Midewiwin society. \"A leader held his position as long as he had the respect of the people.\" As well, oral history says that Elders (the Council of Fire) and women played distinct roles in governance. Original constitution Like other indigenous peoples in North America. Pimicikamak was constituted as a self-governing people under spiritual as well as temporal laws. These were passed down orally through stories, ceremonies and traditions that formed part of a culture that enabled Pimicikamak's ancestors to survive as a people in a harsh environment for thousands of years. Many stories say that the elders had a role in speaking of the law and the women had a role in organizing Pimicikamak society. Both came into play at summer gatherings. The Pimicikamak constitution derives from those times. It rests upon custom and is largely uncodified, characteristics it shares with the government of the United Kingdom. It has since evolved into a modern customary form. Treaty 5 On September 24, 1875, Tepastenam and two others signed Treaty 5 with the British Crown at Norway House on behalf of Pimicikamak. It had the effect of amending and partly codifying Pimicikamak's customary constitution and laws. The official written text of the Treaty implicitly depends upon the continuance of Pimicikamak self-government. It appears that, until the 1990s, no other part of Pimicikamak law was codified. Modern constitutional changes \"Pimicikamak’s traditional government is quite new, and yet it is also ancient.\" Beginning in 1996, parts of the Pimicikamak traditional constitution were updated and codified in written laws in English. They are based upon self-determination, the inherent right of self-government, the Rule of Law and updated traditional principles of democracy and accountability. They deal with making laws in writing, defining who is a Pimicikamak citizen and electing an Executive Council. Pimicikamak government is an example of direct democracy. Modern written Pimicikamak customary law is subject to acceptance by consensus of a general assembly of the Pimicikamak public. The roles of the Secretary to the Councils as keeper of customary laws and as the interface between the oral Cree traditional government and the written English world it faces may have arisen in the 1990s. Councils Pimicikamak's four councils derive from its traditional", "title": "Pimicikamak government" }, { "docid": "6578045", "text": "The Future of Freedom: Illiberal Democracy at Home and Abroad is a book by Fareed Zakaria analyzing the variables that allow a liberal democracy to flourish and the pros and cons of the global focus on democracy as the building block of a more stable society rather than liberty. It was a best-seller in the United States and several other countries. It is being translated into 20 languages at last count. The Future of Freedom is published by W. W. Norton & Company Inc. (2003 ), \"with a new afterword\", \"bibliographical references\", and \"index\" in 2004 (). Zakaria's thesis deals with the variables required for a stable and free democracy to be born. In the pursuit of this, his book begins with a historical overview of western democracy and its elements, arguing that not only can a liberal democracy form from a liberalizing autocracy (his most prominent example of this is South Korea), but that it is actually more likely to form and last that way than by trying to democratize the society first and liberalize it later (for this, he makes an example of Western Europe in the early twentieth century). He then goes on to describe illiberal democracies, defined as \"regimes... that mix elections and authoritarianism,\" and argues that they are the result of countries that try to democratize without having a sturdy economy structured around the free-market and sound political institutions with checks and balances. This is then applied to America to argue that the increased democratization of American society and culture is what has caused the perceived failures of the government and governing elites. See also The Post-American World by Fareed Zakaria References External links FareedZakaria.com - The Future of Freedom 2003 non-fiction books American political books English-language books Books about democracy Books about politics of the United States W. W. Norton & Company books", "title": "The Future of Freedom" }, { "docid": "23972934", "text": "The Alliance for Democracy and Reforms (often abbreviated to ADR) was a governing coalition in Moldova between numerous non-Communist parties which had absolute majority in the Moldovan Parliament after the 1998 parliamentary election. The overall context At the legislative elections on March 22, 1998, the Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova (PCRM) gained 40 of the 101 places in the Moldovan Parliament, but was reduced to opposition when an Alliance for Democracy and Reforms was formed by the Democratic Convention of Moldova (26 MPs), For a Democratic and Prosperous Moldova (24 MPs), and the Party of Democratic Forces (11 MPs). It is important that a former First Secretary of the Communist Party of Moldavia (PCM), Petru Lucinschi, was the President of Moldova during the activity of The Alliance for Democracy and Reforms (ADR). Activity The Alliance for Democracy and Reforms (ADR) government was formed as a result of complex negotiations between democratic parties and was the first coalition government in the history of independent Moldova. The ADR government included representatives of all political parties which were members of the coalition. The Alliance for Democracy and Reforms had three Prime Ministers. The activity of the second government of Ion Ciubuc (May 22, 1998 – February 1, 1999), the acting government of Serafim Urechean (February 5–17, 1999), and the government of Ion Sturza (February 19–November 9, 1999) were marked by chronic political instability, which prevented a coherent reform program. Foreign policy was marked by a duality of belonging to the CIS and steps towards a rapprochement with Western Europe. The Christian Democratic Popular Front (PPCD) voted with the Communist Party (PCRM) for the dismissal of the Alliance government on November 9, 1999. Disagreements that appeared within the Alliance for Democracy and Reforms (ADR), caused to some degree by displeasure with seat distributions, led to its disintegration and an overwhelming Party of Communists (PCRM) victory at the 2001 parliamentary election. In the next decade, the Party of Communists (PCRM) used very successfully the incoherent activity of the Alliance for Democracy and Reforms (ADR) for discrediting any form of political coalition formed without them. Their constant criticism of the future Alliance For European Integration (AIE) is a good example. References External links Governments Take Hard Hits to Qualify for World Bank Loans Defunct political party alliances in Moldova 1998 in Moldova 1999 in Moldova Coalition governments", "title": "Alliance for Democracy and Reforms" }, { "docid": "8435386", "text": "Cosmopolitan democracy is a political theory which explores the application of norms and values of democracy at the transnational and global sphere. It argues that global governance of the people, by the people, for the people is possible and needed. Writers advocating cosmopolitan democracy include Immanuel Kant, David Held, Daniele Archibugi, Richard Falk, and Mary Kaldor. In the cosmopolitan democracy model, decisions are made by those affected, avoiding a single hierarchical form of authority. According to the nature of the issues at stake, democratic practice should be reinvented to take into account the will of stakeholders. This can be done either through direct participation or through elected representatives. The model advocated by cosmopolitan democrats is confederal and decentralized—global governance without world government—unlike those models of global governance supported by classic World Federalism thinkers, such as Albert Einstein. In 2021, a global citizen's assembly was organised to coincide with COP26 in Glasgow in October–November 2021. This is the first body that can claim to democratically represent the wishes of the global population. Origin and development The victory of Western liberal states ending the Cold War inspired the hope that international relations could be guided by the ideals of democracy and the rule of law. In the early 1990s, a group of thinkers developed the political project of cosmopolitan democracy with the aim of providing intellectual arguments in favour of an expansion of democracy, both within states and at the global level. While some significant successes have been achieved in terms of democratization within states, much less has been attained in democratizing the global system. In different forms, the necessity to expand democratic procedures beyond the nation-state has been supported by political philosopher Jürgen Habermas, and sociologist Ulrich Beck. Criticisms of cosmopolitan democracy have come from realist, marxist, communitarian and multicultural perspectives. Democratic theorist Robert Dahl has expressed his doubts about the possibility of expanding democracy in international organizations to any significant degree, as he believes that democracy diminishes with size. Opponents of Dahl's approach point to the fact that bigger countries are not necessarily less democratic. For example, there is no correlation between voters' turnout and population size; in fact it is smallest in countries with fewer than 100,000 citizens. Political programme The idea of cosmopolitan democracy has been advocated with reference to the reform of international organizations. This includes the institution of the International Criminal Court, a directly elected World Parliament or world assembly of governments, and more widely the democratization of international organizations. Supporters of cosmopolitan democracy have been sceptical about the effectiveness of military interventions, even when they are apparently motivated by humanitarian intentions. They have instead suggested popular diplomacy and arms control. According to a 2019 study, global democracy would neither lead to an increase in dissatisfaction with policy outcomes nor an increase in persistent minorities relative to the status quo. References External links Cosmopolitan Democracy and its Critics: A Review The Global Transformations Website List of Global Democracy Initiatives See also Cosmopolitanism Democratic mundialization United Nations", "title": "Cosmopolitan democracy" }, { "docid": "29381887", "text": "Democracy promotion by the United States aims to encourage governmental and non-governmental actors to pursue political reforms that will lead ultimately to democratic governance. As the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) is an area of the world vital to American interests yet generally entrenched in non-democratic, authoritarian rule, it has been the subject of increasing interest on the part of the American government and democracy promoters, particularly after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, with many viewing democratic transition as essential to regional stability and international security. American efforts to promote democracy in the Middle East and North Africa are generally characterized by top-down and bottom-up democratization strategies, which can be pursued simultaneously. The former top-down approach involves putting rhetorical and diplomatic pressure on regimes to reform and can go so far as to involve direct American military engagement installing democratic government (as is the case in Iraq following the 2003 invasion). The U.S. government generally pursues the latter bottom-up approach by funding international organizations that help strengthen the bases for gradual democratic transition (the rule of law, accountable government institutions and expanded political competition) by offering technical assistance and training to political parties and electoral management bodies, engaging with civil society, producing assessments and polls, and promoting female political participation. Some have criticized American democracy promotion for ineffectiveness, a lack of consistency, taking a one-size-fits-all approach and using democracy to justify military intervention abroad. Moreover, it's said that US democracy promotion had been accompanied by heavy costs for the US and considerable damage to the target countries. Background: democracy as development American promotion of democracy should be seen in the broader context of the international development field, in which there has been an increasing recognition of a relationship between governance and broad development challenges such as poverty. The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) identifies democracy and governance (DG) as essential to achieving overall UN development objectives and the Millennium Development Goals, because DG work is part of \"expanding capabilities and enlarging the choices people have of fulfilling their lives.\" The UNDP highlights three overall DG goals: fostering inclusive participation, strengthening responsive governing institutions, and basing democratic governance on international principles. The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) also places a priority on promoting democratic transition and good governance in accordance with overall U.S. foreign policy objectives. Generally, DG work can be seen as taking two approaches: one views democratization as a political struggle between democrats and non-democrats and directs aid toward political processes and institutions such as elections, political parties, and civil society; and the second views democratization as a slower, longer-term process and directs aid at a wide range of political and socioeconomic sectors. In terms of implementation, donor country development agencies, such as USAID, UK Department for International Development (DFID) and the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), design and fund programs (according to donor country interests and local needs) that are often carried out by international non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in coordination with local and", "title": "Democracy promotion by the United States" }, { "docid": "56292671", "text": "The Bhutan Centre for Media and Democracy (BCMD) is the first Civil Society Organisation in Bhutan. It was launched in 2008 coinciding with the country's first government elections, which heralded a new era of self-governance following the abdication of the fourth king of Bhutan, Jigme Singye Wangchuck. At the same time, the media landscape saw the arrival of new private newspapers and radio stations, as well as social media via mobile telephones and the Internet. The stated mission of BCMD is to \"nurture democracy in Bhutan through civic engagement, public discourse and media literate citizens\". In December, 2016 King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck recognized the significant role being played by CSOs in the new democracy, awarding 22 National Orders of Merit (gold), to organisations that provided such non-government services as gender, governance, environment and media. BCMD, as the first CSO, has been described as a demonstration of the role this sector could play in the developing country, by \"encouraging young people, teachers and local leaders to act as bridge to strengthen civic engagement\". Operation and objectives BCMD, like all Bhutanese CSOs, works according to the framework of Bhutan's philosophy of Gross National Happiness, which was proclaimed by the Fourth King of Bhutan to be a more important measure of a nation's wealth and progress than Gross National Product. The organisation states that: The not-for-profit organisation runs an extensive range of programs at its media lab in the capital Thimphu, as well as in schools and rural areas, to help citizens understand their role in the new democracy, as well as to improve overall media literacy. It has a strong focus on teaching the youth to harness the power of media to help their communities. Programs include school media clubs, teacher training, photography workshops, video skills, community mapping of problems and resources, training rural groups in podcasting, holding forums for discussions on issues affecting Bhutanese society and facilitating dialogue at every level of society. With its focus on media literacy and citizen engagement, BCMD publishes a bi-annual journal called Druk Journal; children's books in English and the national language Dzongkha; media guides for parents encouraging online safety; audio books; and guides to writing creative non-fiction (literary journalism). The centre was launched by former broadcast journalist Siok Sian Pek-Dorji, who is the Executive Professional Director and is overseen by a board of directors that includes the former Executive Director Nancy Strickland, from the Bhutan Canada Foundation and Dr Dorji Thinley, President of Samtse College of Education. Advisors include former National Council Members Sangay Khandu and Dr Jagar Dorji, along with international specialists Howard Schneider of Stony Brook University, Mark Mancall, Professor Emeritus of Stanford University and Kavi Chongkittavorn, The Nation Multimedia Group, Thailand. BCMD displays media produced by its members on a blog, Facebook and YouTube. References External links Examples of work by youths at Bhutan Centre for Media and Democracy: Youth summit 2017: Youth as change makers Dear Prime Minister: I have something to say Transparency Freedom of Speech Bhutan Centre", "title": "Bhutan Centre for Media and Democracy" }, { "docid": "165903", "text": "Consensus democracy is the application of consensus decision-making and supermajority to the process of legislation in a democracy. It is characterized by a decision-making structure that involves and takes into account as broad a range of opinions as possible, as opposed to majoritarian democracy systems where minority opinions can potentially be ignored by vote-winning majorities. Constitutions typically require consensus or supermajority. A consensus government is a national unity government with representation across the whole political spectrum. A concordance democracy is a type of consensus democracy where majority rule does not play a central role. Optional referendums and popular initiatives correspond to consensus democracy. Examples Consensus democracy is most closely embodied in certain countries such as Switzerland, Germany, Denmark, Lebanon, Sweden, Iraq, and Belgium, where consensus is an important feature of political culture, particularly with a view to preventing the domination of one linguistic or cultural group in the political process. The term consociational state is used in political science to describe countries with such consensus based political systems. An example of such a system could be the Dutch Poldermodel. Many parties in Lebanon call for applying consensus democracy, especially at times of crisis. Consensus government chiefly arises in non-partisan democracies and similar systems in which a majority of politicians are independent. Many former British territories with large indigenous populations use consensus government to fuse traditional tribal leadership with the Westminster system. Consensus government in Canada is used in the Northwest Territories and Nunavut, as well as the autonomous Nunatsiavut region, and similar systems have arisen in the Pacific island nations of Fiji, Tuvalu and Vanuatu, as well as the ancient Tynwald of the Isle of Man. See also Anticipatory democracy Bioregional democracy Coalition government Consensus decision-making Consensus voting – the modified Borda count (MBC) Consociationalism Democracy (varieties) Direct democracy Grassroots democracy Hung parliament List of politics-related topics Minoritarianism Open source governance References External links Consensus Democracy: A New Approach to 21st Century Governance Metagovernment - Project using the wiki consensus model as a replacement for current governments. On Conflict and Consensus - A Handbook on Formal Consensus Decisionmaking. Consensus voting, the Modified Borda Count (MBC) Comparative politics Government of Guernsey Participatory democracy Types of democracy Power sharing", "title": "Consensus democracy" }, { "docid": "2391396", "text": "Democratic ideals is an expression used to refer to personal qualities or standards of government behavior that are felt to be essential for the continuation of a democratic policy. In the 20th century, T. H. Marshall proposed what he believed to be central democratic ideals in his seminal essay on citizenship, citing three different kinds of rights: civil rights that are the basic building blocks of individual freedom; political rights, which include the rights of citizens to participate in order to exercise political power; and finally social rights, which include the right to basic economic welfare and security. The importance of human rights is often listed as a central democratic ideal, as well as instilling in military and civilian governmental personnel the attitudes and methods which will prevent their actions from infringing on those rights. The United States Bill of Rights in the Constitution of the United States is an example of the democratic ideal of human rights and liberties being implemented in the foundation of a country's governance. These individual freedoms include freedom of speech, freedom of assembly, freedom of religion and the right to a fair trial. Voter enfranchisement and political participation are two key democratic ideals that ensure the engagement of citizens in the political sphere. Who has the right to suffrage has changed over the centuries and universal suffrage is necessary for a nation to be considered a democracy and not a dictatorship. These resemble similarities within the British Parliament system, where there’s a makeshift hierarchy but the American upper house holds more importance in terms of power within the political system. The British political system is also made up of an executive, legislative and judicial branch which runs throughout the Westminster Parliament. The executive branch is made up of ministers who run the country, are responsible for proposing legislation and developing foreign internal policies, headed by the Prime Minister. All government ministers are members of the legislative branch, also reflective of the American political system. The Supreme Court is the highest court within the political system of Great Britain, which is where the judicial branch ensures that laws are passed, obeyed and reviewed by a senior minister. The British Parliament consists of the House of Commons, the House of Lords and the Monarch. The system is bicameral, meaning Lords as the upper house and Commons as the lower. The House of Commons has the most authority above all in British politics, it consists of 650 seats with each person representing a different part of the United Kingdom - This is called a constituency. Other uses of the term In historical texts, the phrase is often used to denote aspirations or norms of behavior, separate from a functioning democracy, including egalitarianism, self-government, self-determination and freedom of conscience. See also References Democracy Political ideologies Concepts in political philosophy", "title": "Democratic ideals" }, { "docid": "13462589", "text": "Democracy promotion, also referred to as democracy building, can be domestic policy to increase the quality of already existing democracy or a strand of foreign policy adopted by governments and international organizations that seek to support the spread of democracy as a system of government. Among the reasons for supporting democracy include the belief that countries with a democratic system of governance are less likely to go to war, are likely to be economically better off and socially more harmonious. In democracy building, the process includes the building and strengthening of democracy, in particular the consolidation of democratic institutions, including courts of law, police forces, and constitutions. Some critics have argued that the United States has used democracy promotion to justify military intervention abroad. Much experience was gained after the Revolutions of 1989 resulted in the fall of the Iron Curtain and a wave of democratic transitions in former Communist states, particularly in Central and Eastern Europe. According to Freedom House, the number of democracies increased from 41 of 150 existing states in 1974 to 123 of 192 states in 2006. The pace of transition slowed considerably since the beginning of the twenty-first century, which encouraged discussion of whether democracy was under threat. In the early twenty-first century, a democratic deficit was noticed in countries where democratic systems already existed, including Britain, the US and the European Union. In the financial sense, democracy promotion grew from 2% of aid in 1990 to nearly 20% in 2005. An open question for democracy promotion around the world, both in countries where it is already at the core of the system of governance and in those where it is not, is defining the terminology of promoting, supporting or assisting democracy in the post-Cold War situation. Definitions The precise definition of democracy promotion has been debated for more than twenty-five years. The multiplicity of terms used is a manifestation of the plurality of opinions and approaches by international actors, be they governments, NGOs or other third parties. For example, the term 'promotion' itself can be seen by some as too intrusive, or implying outside interference, whilst 'support' can be seen by some as more benign but, by others, as insufficiently assertive. In the early twenty-first century, the differences tended to divide into two main camps: those who see it as a political process versus those who see it as a developmental process (see international relations and development aid for context). At least part of the problem lies in the absence of a consensus on what democracy constitutes. W. B. Gallie argued that it is impossible to find a consensus definition, and instead included democracy in a list of 'essentially contested concepts'. To date, the disagreement over definitions has seen some actors focus on supporting technical systems of democratic governance (elections, government structures and the like), while others take the bottom-up approach of promoting citizen participation and building strong civil and political society to prepare the ground on which systems of government can then be", "title": "Democracy promotion" }, { "docid": "58855276", "text": "The concejo abierto (literally: \"open council\") is a system of government and administration of some very small Spanish municipalities and sub-municipal territorial units. An example of direct democracy, the system allows for the existence of a mayor and a consejo () or asamblea vecinal () formed by all the electors of the municipality. In contrast, the conventional system used by most municipalities is the ayuntamiento, often translated as city, town or municipal council in English, comprised (in its most basic form) of the local councillors who form the plenary (elected in a party-list proportional representation voting), and the Mayor, elected in turn by the councillors among themselves. History The origins of the system trace back to the Middle Ages, as a custom primarily originated in the Kingdoms of León and Castile, although it also extended to other territories as well, chiefly in the north of the Iberian Peninsula. In many settlements, the concejo abierto was replaced by the \"regimiento\" system (also called consejo cerrado, \"close council\"), in which a decision-making body of limited size formed by judges or alcaldes as well as a number of regidores appointed by the King was contemplated; in the case of Castile, this process chiefly took place between 1345 and the later years of the rule of Alfonso XI. The contemporary form of the concejo abierto is recognised in the 1978 Spanish Constitution. See also Local government in Spain Town meeting References Bibliography Local government in Spain Direct democracy Forms of local government", "title": "Concejo abierto" }, { "docid": "25114687", "text": "Laboratories of democracy is a phrase popularized by U.S. Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis in New State Ice Co. v. Liebmann to describe how \"a single courageous State may, if its citizens choose, serve as a laboratory; and try novel social and economic experiments without risk to the rest of the country.\" Brandeis was an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1916 to 1939. This concept explains how within the federal framework, there exists a system of state autonomy where state and local governments act as social laboratories, where laws and policies are created and tested at the state level of the democratic system, in a manner similar (in theory, at least) to the scientific method. An example today would be the legalization of marijuana in Colorado despite the fact that it is illegal federally. The Tenth Amendment of the United States Constitution provides that \"all powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.\" This is a basis for the laboratories of democracy concept, because the Tenth Amendment assigns most day-to-day governance responsibilities, including general police power, to the state and local governments. Because there are 50 semi-autonomous states, different policies can be enacted and tested at the state level without directly affecting the entire country. As a result, a diverse patchwork of state-level government practices is created. If any one or more of those policies are successful, they can be expanded to the national level by acts of Congress. For example, the Massachusetts legislature established a health care reform law in 2006 that became the model for the subsequent Affordable Care Act at the national level in 2010, or the various concealed carry state reciprocity agreements that motivated the subsequent proposed federal Concealed Carry Reciprocity Act of 2017. See also Federalism in the United States Full Faith and Credit Clause New Federalism References External links State and Local Governments: Laboratories of Democracy, America.gov, 16 December 2007 Ralph Nader, State Legislatures as \"Laboratories Of Democracy\", CommonDreams.org, 31 May 2004 Laboratories of Democracy: Anatomy of a Metaphor, AEI Federalist Outlook, Michael Greve, March 2001 Federalism in the United States", "title": "Laboratories of democracy" }, { "docid": "23794667", "text": "The Crisis of Parliamentary Democracy (German: Die geistesgeschichtliche Lage des heutigen Parlamentarismus, roughly: \"The Intellectual-Historical Situation of Today's Parliamentarianism\") is a work of political theory written by German jurist Carl Schmitt, originally published in 1923 by Duncker & Humblot in Germany with a second edition in 1926. The book was translated into English by Ellen Kennedy in 1985 and published by MIT Press in 1988, based on the 1926 edition. In this book, Schmitt provides a critique of parliamentary democracy – particularly as embodied in the form of the Weimar Republic – and calls into question one of its central political institutions, the Reichstag. Context In Ellen Kennedy's introduction, she claims that The Crisis of Parliamentary Democracy has been commonly read to be \"welcome to the broad spectrum of anti-parliamentary prejudices in the Weimar Republic\" His critiques of parliamentary democracies undermined the legitimacy of the Reichstag in the Weimar Republic. Schmitt was closely identified with Political Catholicism in the first years of the Weimar Republic and his contact with Catholic political and intellectual circles made him the leading exponent of the Catholic view among German jurists. The second edition of his book was written particularly to address the critique of Richard Thoma's review and was shown in multiple publications including Hochland - through Karl Muth in 1926- and the second edition of his Parlamentarismus. This work is representative of Schmitt's focus at the time of developing a critique of his contemporary society and the history of political ideas, particularly of democracy, liberalism, and dictatorship. Structure The 1988 edition of the text has the following structure: Preface to the Second Edition (1926): On the Contradiction Between Parliamentarism and Democracy Introduction to the First Edition (1923) Democracy and Parliamentarism The Principles of Parliamentarism Dictatorship in Marxist Thought Irrationalist Theories of the Direct Use of Force Appendix: On the Ideology of Parliamentarism (1925) by Richard Thoma Preface to the Second Edition In the preface to the Second Edition (1926), Carl Schmitt directly responds to Richard Thoma's 1925 critique of the first edition (Thoma's essay is included in the appendix.) Schmit further develops his original argument, reiterates the importance of distinguishing between democracy and liberalism, and explains that appeals to the utility or reliability of parliamentary democracy cannot serve to justify its intellectual foundations, even if pragmatic claims about parliamentary democracy might be empirically correct. Schmitt claims that every form of government – monarchy, aristocracy, democracy, etc. – rest upon some intellectual principle, and explains by way of example that monarchies rest upon the principle of honour. Analogously, Schmitt claims that \"all specifically parliamentary arrangements and norms receive their meaning first through discussion and openness.\" There are a whole range of constitutionally-recognised measures which would be totally unintelligible if this fundamental principle of openness and discussion was no longer believed in, from the independence of representatives from their constituents and political party and the immunity of representatives while speaking in parliament, to the basic principles of freedom of speech and the openness of parliamentary", "title": "The Crisis of Parliamentary Democracy" }, { "docid": "620416", "text": "A party system is a concept in comparative political science concerning the system of government by political parties in a democratic country. The idea is that political parties have basic similarities: they control the government, have a stable base of mass popular support, and create internal mechanisms for controlling funding, information and nominations. The party system concept was originated by European scholars studying the United States, especially James Bryce, Giovanni Sartori and Moisey Ostrogorsky, and has been expanded to cover other democracies. Party systems can be distinguished by the degree of political fragmentation, proportionality of seats-to-votes ratio and barriers to entry to the political competition. Types of party systems One-party system: a system in which a single political party has the right to form the government, usually based on the existing constitution, or where only one party has the exclusive control over political power. Example: China Dominant-party system: a system where there is \"a category of parties/political organizations that have successively won election victories and whose future defeat cannot be envisaged or is unlikely for the foreseeable future\". Example: Russia Two party system: a system where only two parties or alliances, typically placed either side of the center, have a realistic chance of forming a majority. Other parties are very minor or solely regional. Example: United States, United Kingdom Multi-party system: a system in which multiple political parties have the capacity to gain control of government offices, separately or in coalition. Example: Sweden, Ireland Non-partisan system: a system of government or organization such that universal and periodic elections take place without reference to political parties. Example: Micronesia Party systems by country or region Europe Democratic party systems in most European states have increasingly fragmented over time. That means that the number of relevant parties surged, while the average size declined. Hence, the effective number of parties increased. European Union The European Parliament has compared to other parliaments a higher number of political parties with 206, to reduce political fragmentation the parties are organized into 7 political groups. Two structures of party system have been identified in the European Parliament since its first universal direct election in 1979, albeit the main EU party groups remained the same: 1979–1994: a system split in two blocs on the left/right dimension, with the left bloc (Socialists, Communists and Greens) opposing a right bloc (Christian democrats, Liberals and Gaullists) 1994-onwards: a system in which the three central parties (the conservative EPP, the socialist PES and the liberal ALDE) have voted as much with each other as with their smaller allies, thus 'governing' the system, and facing different oppositions from the left (European Left and Greens and leftist eurosceptics) and from the right (Gaullists, rightist eurosceptics and nationalists). Italy Italian party systems are usually considered only since the foundation of the Italian Republic (1946) as pre-fascist parties lacked a wide popular base. The party system of the so-called First Republic (1948–1994), though based on a proportional electoral law, saw the dominance of the Christian Democracy (DC)", "title": "Party system" }, { "docid": "5110015", "text": "Democracy Day is a national public holiday in Nigeria to commemorate the restoration of democracy in 1999, commemorated on 12 June. Until 2018, it was celebrated annually on May 29. It is a tradition that has been held annually, beginning in year 2000. June 12 was formerly known as Abiola Day, celebrated in Lagos and some south western states of Nigeria. History Background Nigeria gained independence from Great Britain on 1 October 1960. For most of its independent history, Nigeria was ruled by a series of military juntas, interspersed by brief moments of democratic rule (for example from 1979 to 1983 with Alhaji Shehu Shagari). The last major military ruler was Gen. Sani Abacha, who died suddenly on Monday in 1998. His successor, Gen. Abdulsalami Abubakar promised a transition to democracy, and accordingly a new constitution was adopted on May 5, 1999. Elections were held and retired Gen. Olusegun Obasanjo, who had previously governed Nigeria as a military ruler, was elected the new president. Democracy Day May 29 was initially the official democracy day in Nigeria, marking when the newly elected Olusegun Obasanjo took office as President of Nigeria. On June 6, 2018, eight days after May 29, 2018, had been celebrated as Democracy Day, the government of president Muhammadu Buhari declared June 12 to be the new Democracy Day. This was done to commemorate the democratic election of Moshood Abiola on June 12, 1993, which was wrongly cancelled by the government of Ibrahim Babangida. Abiola was later detained after he rightfully declared himself the president. Others The Nigerian Democracy Day theme song was written by Attih Soul on the directives of the Buhari led administration in 2017 as part of the celebration to mark the day. See also Democracy Day in other countries. References Society of Nigeria Culture of Nigeria May observances", "title": "Democracy Day (Nigeria)" }, { "docid": "64498535", "text": "Xiang Lanxin (born 1956, ) is a Chinese scholar of international relations and the history of modern China. He is an expert on relations among China, USA and Europe, an emeritus professor of history and international relations at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies (IHEID) in Geneva and director of the Center for One Belt, One Road Studies in Shanghai. Early life and career Xiang was born in Nanjing, Jiangsu in 1956. He attended college at Fudan University in Shanghai before moving to the United States to earn an MA and PhD from the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies in 1990. He began serving as a professor of International History and Politics Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva, Switzerland in 1996. Xiang has spent the majority of his career working outside of China, though he still maintains Chinese citizenship. Views Xiang falls within the liberal spectrum of Chinese political thinkers. He considers himself patriotic, but is also critical of the ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and believes the country should embrace democracy. In his book The Quest for Legitimacy in Chinese Politics, a New Interpretation he compared CCP leadership to the tsars of Russia leading up to the October Revolution, \"with charlatans and sycophants running amuck.\" Xiang is also highly critical of Montesquieu and his view of democracy, which he sees as racialist and ignorant of China's historical structures of power and governance. Xiang instead advocates a view of democracy informed by Confucianism and direct democracy. Xiang argues that China had a relatively stable system of governance pilloried by many European thinkers—such as Montesquieu, Marx, Hegel, and Adam Smith—who understood Asia only as a negative example, unworthy of study in its own right. Xiang is critical of \"Wolf Warrior diplomacy\", the moniker given to more aggressive and confrontational diplomatic behavior by the People's Republic of China in the 21st century, which he considers unproductive and the result of influence of Martin Jacques' book When China Rules the World. References Liberalism in China Chinese historians Chinese political philosophers Fudan University alumni 1956 births Johns Hopkins University people Academic staff of the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies Living people Educators from Nanjing", "title": "Xiang Lanxin" }, { "docid": "7476191", "text": "The National initiative is a proposed process to petition an initiative at the federal level in the United States via a national vote on the national ballot measure. While some U.S. states allow direct or indirect initiatives, there are currently no national initiatives in the United States. The process and system for a national initiative was proposed in the early 2000s by the late Mike Gravel, a former U.S. Senator, and the Democracy Foundation, a non-profit non-governmental organization. The set of proposals, referred to by its proponents as the National Initiative for Democracy (and later renamed National Citizens Initiative for Democracy in 2012), gathered endorsements from author, activist and former independent candidate for President of the United States Ralph Nader; linguist, philosopher, political activist and author Noam Chomsky; author of The Tao of Democracy and co-director of the non-profit Co-Intelligence Institute Tom Atlee; and socialist thought-leader and author of A People's History of the United States Howard Zinn. National Initiative for Democracy (USA) The National Initiative for Democracy (NI4D) is a proposed constitutional amendment (Democracy Amendment) which recognizes the people's right to make laws at the local, state and federal level of every jurisdiction in the country and a federal law (Democracy Act) which spells out orderly procedures for the people to develop and vote on laws. \"The National Initiative does not change or eliminate Congress, the President, or the Judicial Branch of government. Laws created by initiative must still stand up in the courts just like laws created by Congress.\" The National Initiative adds an additional check—the people—to America's system of checks and balances, while setting up a working partnership between the People and their elected representatives. The framers of the National Initiative for Democracy believe the law-making branch of government (Congress) no longer effectively represents the will of the American people. They believe as America continues to grow and diversify, Congress can only become less and less effective in representing the masses; that the gap between the elite decision-making few and the ever diversifying average citizen can only be bridged through direct citizen participation in governing. They contend that while \"voting out\" representatives from office or enacting term limits is a good idea, those actions do not address the basic, fundamental flaw of governing an enormous, increasingly heterogeneous population by a tiny, elite few. They believe that recent technological advances have made it possible for all Americans to voice their opinions on policies and laws which affect their lives; technology that did not exist in 18th century America, when the Constitution was written. The National Initiative for Democracy believes direct citizen participation in law-making is the sovereign right of all Americans and should no longer be the exclusive right of Congress (at the federal level). Since it does not seek to abolish Congress, the States' Constitutional right to a representative form of government stated in Article I, Section 1, remains unaffected. The Supreme Court has recognized the Constitutional right of citizens to make laws at the state level", "title": "National initiative" }, { "docid": "1269164", "text": "There exist a number of perspectives on the relationship of Islam and democracy among Islamic political theorists, the general Muslim public, and Western authors. Many Muslim scholars have argued that traditional Islamic notions such as shura (consultation), maslaha (public interest), and ʿadl (justice) justify representative government institutions which are similar to Western democracy, but reflect Islamic rather than Western liberal values. Still others have advanced liberal democratic models of Islamic politics based on pluralism and freedom of thought. Some Muslim thinkers have advocated secularist views of Islam. A number of different attitudes regarding democracy are also represented among the general Muslim public, with polls indicating that majorities in the Muslim world desire a political model where democratic institutions and values can coexist with the values and principles of Islam, seeing no contradiction between the two. Traditional political concepts Quran Muslim democrats, including Ahmad Moussalli (professor of political science at the American University of Beirut), argue that concepts in the Quran point towards some form of democracy, or at least away from despotism. These concepts include shura (consultation), ijma (consensus), al-hurriyya (freedom), al-huqquq al-shar'iyya (legitimate rights). For example, shura (Al Imran – Quran 3:159, Ash-Shura – Quran 42:38) may include electing leaders to represent and govern on the community's behalf. Government by the people is not therefore necessarily incompatible with the rule of Islam, whilst it has also been argued that rule by a religious authority is not the same as rule by a representative of God. This viewpoint, however, is disputed by more traditional Muslims. Moussalli argues that despotic Islamic governments have abused the Quranic concepts for their own ends: \"For instance, shura, a doctrine that demands the participation of society in running the affairs of its government, became in reality a doctrine that was manipulated by political and religious elites to secure their economic, social and political interests at the expense of other segments of society,\" (In Progressive Muslims 2003). Sunni Islam Deliberations of the Caliphates, most notably the Rashidun Caliphate, were not democratic in the modern sense rather, decision-making power lay with a council of notable and trusted companions of Muhammad and representatives of different tribes (most of them selected or elected within their tribes). In the early Islamic Caliphate, the head of state, the Caliph, had a position based on the notion of a successor to Muhammad's political authority, who, according to Sunnis, was ideally elected by the people or their representatives, as was the case for the election of Abu Bakr, Umar ibn Al Khattab, Uthman, and Ali as Caliph. After the Rashidun Caliphs, later Caliphates during the Islamic Golden Age had a much lesser degree of collective participation, but since \"no one was superior to anyone else except on the basis of piety and virtue\" in Islam, and following the example of Muhammad, later Islamic rulers often held public consultations with the people in their affairs. The legislative power of the Caliph (or later, the Sultan) was always restricted by the scholarly class, the ulama,", "title": "Islam and democracy" }, { "docid": "57304608", "text": "Democracy in Motion (, ) is a minor party in Germany. The basis for the party's founding was a petition on change.org, in which petitioners promised to run as a party in September 2017 at the federal election if the petition reached at least 100,000 signatures, which it reached on 20 July 2017. After this was accomplished, the party 'Democracy in Motion' was established on 29 April 2017 in Berlin. Content profile The Party Platform outlines four core values: Democracy, participation, transparency Justice on social, political, economic, and environmental issues Cosmopolitanism and diversity Future-oriented sustainability Policy was adopted at the 2nd Federal Party Congress on 27 August 2017 in Cologne in accordance to the campaign requirements for the 2017 Bundestag election. The proposals for this were developed in a grassroots manner using the principle of initiative and presented to the federal party congress for a final vote. The code of ethics, an ethical commitment in accordance to core party values laying down a series of rules of conduct, is given to all new party members, \"movers\", and advocates (MPs). The party has outlined, by statute, a women's quota and diversity rate. Transparency and participation The party believes that the introduction of a lobbying register is required in order to hinder covert influence on elected officials. The party's Code of Ethics requires its own members to disclose their ancillary income and take other measures to combat lobbying. The party does not accept donations from companies. The party calls for more citizen participation possibilities, for example, administrative decisions should be able to be made on a federal level via referendum. Similarly, the 5 percent hurdle should be lowered to 3 percent to facilitate smaller parties being represented in the Bundestag and thus more accurately reflect the opinion of the electorate. Social justice Social inequality is discussed in the basic program with various measures proposed to improve conditions, including reform of Hartz IV to introduce unconditional basic income, increase of the minimum wage to €12, improved working conditions for temporary workers, and creation of a fairer, standardized, pension system. Family and social equality policies The party calls for the improvement of midwife profession, the development of all-day child care, and the reduction of gender pay gaps, in particular the abolition of spousal income splitting. The party also advocates the introduction of a women's quota in governing bodies. Violence against women should be combated through financial support for aid organizations and the establishment of victim protection clinics. The party is committed to the rights of disabled people and calls for more inclusion of the disabled, for example, freedom to choose how they live their lives and recognition of sign language as an official language. The party also believes in complete equality of same-sex marriage and that the equal treatment of LGBTIQ people should be anchored in the constitution. Tax policy The party calls for raising the tax rate on the highest income tax bracket, more effective taxation of large companies and combating tax evasion,", "title": "Democracy in Motion" }, { "docid": "73115315", "text": "The state of Berlin has three instruments of direct democracy. These enable German citizen residents to directly influence policy, in addition to indirect democracy via elected officials in the House of Representatives. In addition, there are two instruments at the borough level. Types The three direct democracy instruments at the Berlin state level are: Agenda initiative (), a petition which forces the Berlin House of Representatives to debate a certain topic; Referendum (), which requires a , which in turn requires an . Referendums require 25% quoracy; Constitutional referendum (), a referendum that changes the state constitution. In addition to the requirements of regular referendums, it requires a vote in the House of Representatives with a two-thirds majority and at least 50% turnout. This was used once, in 2006. In addition to these instruments for direct democracy at the city-state level, there are two instruments at the lower, borough, level: Residents' request (), a petition which forces the borough assembly () to address a certain topic; Citizens' decision (), which requires the collection of signature of at least 3% of eligible voters (citizens' initiative, ), see . History of the framework of direct democracy in Berlin In 2020, the Berlin government started a reform that would make it easier to organise petitions and referendums at both the Berlin and borough levels. Past Berlin-wide initiatives Past agenda initiatives Democracy for All (2022) The agenda initiative \"Democracy for All\" was a petition passed in 2022 with three demands. Firstly, it asked for a reduction of the voting age from 18 to 16 for Berlin House of Representatives elections and referendums. Secondly, the petition set out that non-German citizens could vote after living in Germany for three years. For this purpose, the petition asked the House of Representatives to request a Bundesrat initiative from the Berlin Senate, which represents Berlin in the Bundesrat. The initiative would give full active and passive voting rights for elections to municipal councils, state legislatures (including the Berlin House of Representatives), to the Bundestag and to the European Parliament. Thirdly, the initiative demanded that Berlin agenda initiatives and referendums could be initiated and signed digitally. As a result of the agenda initiative, in December 2022 the Berlin House of Representatives passed a motion to implement parts of the agenda initiative. Under the motion, the first of the three demands (voting from 16 years on) would be met, and foreigners would be allowed to vote after five years of residency instead of three. However, the motion passed under a red-green-red coalition government and set out its implementation only after the 2023 re-run of the Berlin elections. Past referendums Referendum to municipalise housing (2021) Referendum to make Berlin climate-neutral by 2030 (2023) Legend: Percentages indicate the share of 'yes' voters in the referendums. Colours of the borough numbers: former West Berlin, former East Berlin, contains former East and West territories Past borough-level initiatives Mitte In 2008, a Mitte citizens' decision against parking charges failed to achieve quoracy. Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg In 2008,", "title": "Direct democracy in Berlin" }, { "docid": "52318", "text": "Representative democracy (also called electoral democracy or indirect democracy) is a type of democracy where representatives are elected by the public. Nearly all modern Western-style democracies function as some type of representative democracy: for example, the United Kingdom (a unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy), Germany (a federal parliamentary republic), France (a unitary semi-presidential republic), and the United States (a federal presidential republic). This is different from direct democracy, where the public votes directly on laws or policies, rather than representatives. Political parties often become prominent in representative democracy if electoral systems require or encourage voters to vote for political parties or for candidates associated with political parties (as opposed to voting for individual representatives). Some political theorists (including Robert Dahl, Gregory Houston, and Ian Liebenberg) have described representative democracy as polyarchy. Representative democracy can be organized in different ways including both parliamentary and presidential systems of government. Elected representatives typically form a legislature (such as a parliament or congress), which may be composed of a single chamber (unicameral), two chambers (bicameral), or more than two chambers (multicameral). Where two or more chambers exist, their members are often elected in different ways. The power of representatives is usually curtailed by a constitution (as in a constitutional democracy or a constitutional monarchy) or other measures to balance representative power: An independent judiciary, which may have the power to declare legislative acts unconstitutional (e.g. constitutional court, supreme court). The constitution may also provide for some deliberative democracy (e.g., Royal Commissions) or direct popular measures (e.g., initiative, referendum, recall elections). However, these are not always binding and usually require some legislative action—legal power usually remains firmly with representatives. In some cases, a bicameral legislature may have an \"upper house\" that is not directly elected, such as the Senate of Canada, which was in turn modeled on the British House of Lords. Some political theorists, such as Edmund Burke, believe that part of the duty of a representative is not simply to follow the wishes of the electorate but also to use their own judgment in the exercise of their powers, even if their views are not reflective of those of a majority of voters. A representative who chooses to execute the wishes of his or her constituents acts as a delegate. If the representative chooses to use his or her best judgment and knowledge in making decisions, even when the constituents do not fully agree with the decision, then the representative acts as a trustee. History The Roman Republic was the first known state in the Western world to have a representative government, despite taking the form of a direct government in the Roman assemblies. The Roman model of governance would inspire many political thinkers over the centuries, and today's modern representative democracies imitate more the Roman than the Greek model, because it was a state in which supreme power was held by the people and their elected representatives, and which had an elected or nominated leader. Representative democracy is a form of democracy in", "title": "Representative democracy" }, { "docid": "2689823", "text": "Community centres, community centers, or community halls are public locations where members of a community tend to gather for group activities, social support, public information, and other purposes. They may be open for the whole community or for a specialized subgroup within the greater community. Community centres can be religious in nature, such as Christian, Islamic, Jewish, Hindu or Buddhist community centres, or can be secular, such as youth clubs. Uses The community centres are usually used for: Celebrations, Public meetings of the citizens on various issues, Organising meetings(where politicians or other official leaders come to meet the citizens and ask for their opinions, support or votes (\"election campaigning\" in democracies, other kinds of requests in non-democracies), Volunteer activities, Organising parties, weddings, Organising local non-government activities, Passes on and retells local history,etc. Organization and ownership Around the world (and sometimes within single countries) there appear to be four common ways in which the operation of the kind of community centre are owned and organised. In the following description, \"Government\" may refer to the ordinary secular government or to a dominant religious organisation such as the Roman Catholic Church; and it may refer to the central, national, or international branch of a government/church or to the local subdivision of it. Community owned: The centre is directly owned and run by the local community through an organization separate from the official (local) governmental institutions of the area, but with the full knowledge and sometimes even funding from (local) government institutions. Government owned: The centre is a public (local) government facility, though it is mostly used for non-government community activities and may even have some kind of local leadership elected from its community. Kominkan (in Japan) Sponsored: A rich citizen or commercial corporation owns the centre and donates its use to the community for reasons of charity or public relations. Commercial: The community centre is a purely commercial entity which aims to profit from renting its facilities to various community groups on terms suitable for such use. Types of community centres The community centres typically have their own origin and history. There are some examples: Built as such - Buildings have been erected specifically to function as community centers (as early as 1880, perhaps even earlier). A disused public building - When an official government building (such as a school or city hall) is no longer needed for its original purpose, it is sometimes offered to the community as gift, loan or sale. A disused commercial building - When a commercial building of some local importance is no longer used, it is sometimes sold or donated to the community. A building that served many of the purposes now given to the community centre in addition to a different primary use (such as school, church, inn, or town hall), which was later acquired so it could continue these functions after its primary use subsided. Schools as community centers Early forms of community centers in the United States were based in schools providing facilities to", "title": "Community centre" }, { "docid": "51696326", "text": "99Rise is a progressive social movement organization founded in 2012, that aims to \"reclaim our democracy from the domination of big money.\" According to their website, 99rise's 10 principles are: nonviolence, strategic unity, common message, decentralized structure, democratic cooperation, inclusion, pluralism, leadership as service, voluntarism, and open affiliation. 99rise is a decentralized organization with distributed leadership stretching across the United States. 99Rise puts activists and organizers through 2-day detailed DNA trainings, Online Basic Trainings, and monthly Online Orientations in order to equip each member with the tools needed to continue to spread their organization's message. Since the formation of the movement, 99rise members have garnered media attention by protesting during Supreme Court hearings and by interrupting Donald Trump at the 2016 GOP debate. In 2017, 99Rise integrated with the group Democracy Spring. Strategy 99Rise plans on achieving their goal to reclaim democracy from the domination of big money through a five phase approach: (Before April 2016) Build the movement. 99Rise prepared each activist through encompassing trainings, team building exercises, and leadership meetings. (April 2016 - September 2016) Participate in forms of civil disobedience to get the attention of political leadership during the 2016 election. For example, 99Rise disrupted the Supreme Court on April 1, 2015 and Donald Trump at the GOP debate. (September 2016 - December 2016) Mobilize members to get out and elect representatives and a president who will be their champion for the causes they are fighting for. (January 2017- December 2017) Hold Congress, the President, and state legislatures accountable when it comes to meeting their demands to reclaim democracy. If the governing bodies do not meet their demands for constitutional and legislative reform, then participate in forms of civil disobedience and/or mass noncooperation. (January 2017 - November 2018) Monitor and enforce the reform agenda until it is enacted. Further escalation of civil disobedience if necessary. Leadership Kai Newkirk is the co-founder and most visible member of 99Rise. While Newkirk understands the difficulties of 99rise's mission, he stresses that there are important smaller victories that can be achieved to restore some integrity back into the political process. Newkirk wants to push for the adoption of disclosure laws to address the problem of dark money and wants to create a democracy voucher system which would give a tax credit to voters to let every voter direct $50 or $100 to a candidate of their choosing. He believes that these two victories would be a step in the right direction towards achieving their ultimate goal of reclaiming democracy from the power of big money. Actions Supreme Court Hearing Protests Jan 21, 2015 A group of seven 99rise activists protested during a Supreme Court Hearing. They chose this day to disrupt the court because they were condemning the ruling in the Citizens United case which happened five years ago from this day. In a report following the incident, 99Rise members also noted that a Princeton study concluded the average American had \"near-zero, statistically non-significant impact upon public policy.\" They rationalized that", "title": "99Rise" }, { "docid": "53872280", "text": "Democracy and economic growth and development have had a strong correlative and interactive relationship throughout history. While evidence of this relationship's existence is irrefutable, economists' and historians' opinions of its exact nature have been sharply split, hence the latter has been the subject of many debates and studies. Ancient beginnings and correlation The period of Ancient Greece 4th century B.C. and later of the Roman Empire marks the beginning not only of democracy, but as well as its connection to economic growth. All throughout history, up until the present they have stayed intertwined. While there is no doubt of their existing relationship, whether it being in favor of economic development or democracy, there is no evidence to claim that it is in fact a causal relationship. In other words, a country that undergoes democratization does not have to necessarily experience economic growth, most often measured in income per capita, or vice versa. For every such case there exists a counter example. What this means is that there are multiple factors, such as political stability and political institutions, social insurance, government capacity, religion and many other which influence the outcome. In two similar countries, almost identical democratic regimes can yield completely different results. However, the concepts highly complement each other, and in cases through history where they were separated there has been great difficulty. Effects of democracy on economic growth Democratization of a country from a non-democratic regime is usually preceded by a fall in GDP, and a volatile but expected growth in the long run. On the other hand, authoritarian regimes experience significant growth at the beginning and decline in the long run. The cause of such behavior is that non-democratic regimes, mainly authoritarian ones, are more effective at implementing decisive policies and choices as well as solving ethnic and sub-national conflicts, but are unsustainable in the long run as there is more incentive to extract money from society which in turn leads to less prosperity. Democratic regimes revolve around institutions and policies which lay the foundations, through which principles of liberty and equality are designed and followed, thus directly or indirectly affecting firms or individuals who benefit from the directives and increase their growth, which in turn has a positive impact on economy. The positive changes of democracy to economic growth such as delegation of authority and regulations of social conflicts heavily outweigh the negative and restrictive effects, especially when compared to autocracy. One of the main reasons for this is that society, i.e. voters are able to support difficult trade offs and changes when there is no perceived alternative. This is primarily true in countries with a higher level of education. So it ties the development level of a country as one of the decisive factors to undergo positive democratic changes and reforms. Thus, countries that embark in democratization at higher levels of education are more likely than not to continue their development under democracy. As mentioned before, all of these factors do not guarantee success. As for", "title": "Democracy and economic growth" }, { "docid": "366312", "text": "Town meeting, also known as an \"open town meeting,\" is a form of local government in which eligible town residents can directly participate in an assembly which determines the governance of their town. Unlike representative town meeting where only elected representatives can participate in the governing assembly, any town voter may participate in an open town meeting. This form is distinct from town hall meetings held by elected officials to communicate with their constituents, which have no decision-making power. At a town meeting, attendees determine the ordinances or rules of the town, its boards and commissions, elected and appointed positions, capital investments, expenditures, budgets, and local taxation, as well as the manner and frequency of future town meetings. Because towns self-govern and maintain their autonomy, town meetings vary from state to state, as well as from town to town. Since town residents directly participate in their own governance and represent themselves without any intermediary, town meeting is an example of direct democracy, and examined as a case study in democratic theory. The town meeting form is used in portions of the United States, principally in New England, where it has been the primary form of town government since the 17th century. History Town meetings have been practiced in the U.S. region of New England since colonial times and in some western states since at least the late 19th century. Town meeting can also refer to meetings of other governmental bodies such as regional water or school districts. While the uses and laws vary by town and state, the general form is for residents of the town to periodically gather and serve as the legislative body, voting on finances, ordinances, and other matters of governance. Records of early New England governance are sparse, leading to debate about the origin of town meeting. One interpretation is that it was adapted from local vestry meetings held in 17th century England that were responsible for financial decisions of the parish church. Another is that it stemmed from New England colonists aboard the Mayflower who, upon landing in Plymouth, Massachusetts, gathered to adopt their own rules of governance, the Mayflower Compact. In colonial New England there was very little separation between church and town governance, but town meeting continued to play a secular role after the disestablishment of the state churches, forming the core of government for most New England towns today. Democratic theory Since the turn of the nineteenth century, political scientists have characterized New England's town meetings as notable examples of direct democracy. In 1831, political philosopher Alexis de Tocqueville visited several townships in Massachusetts, remarking in the first volume of Democracy in America (1835) that town governments in New England appeared to show greater political independence than French communes or other municipal bodies in Europe. Tocqueville believed that town meetings, with direct power given to attending residents, trained citizens for participation in broader democratic society. Town meetings also influenced American republican thought particularly for Thomas Jefferson, who believed they were \"the perfect", "title": "Town meeting" }, { "docid": "38562875", "text": "Secularism in Bangladesh is known as \"neutrality of religion\" () under Bangladeshi law. In the Constitution of Bangladesh, secularism is mentioned in the preamble as one of the fundamental principles of Bangladeshi law. Article 8 enshrines secularism as one of the fundamental principles of state policy. Article 12 elaborates further on secularism and freedom of religion. In 1977, secularism was removed from the constitution by a Martial Law directive during the military dictatorship of Ziaur Rahman. In 1988, the Parliament of Bangladesh declared Islam as the state religion during the presidency of Hussain Muhammad Ershad. After the restoration of parliamentary democracy in 1990, the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) and Awami League governments retained Islam as the state religion. In 2010, the Bangladesh Supreme Court ruled that the removal of secularism in 1977 was illegal because it was done by an unconstitutional martial law regime. The court reinstated secularism in the constitution. The principle of secularity now co-exists with the state religion. Secularism is a recurring topic in Bangladeshi politics. For example, in 2019, a demand by the Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh to curtail women's education was dismissed by the Deputy Minister of Education Mohibul Hasan Chowdhury as contrary to the fundamental principles of state policy. The separation of religion and state prevails across large parts of Bangladeshi law. However, family law is based on religious law. A civil marriage is allowed under the Special Marriages Act 1872 only if one renounces faith in either Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism or Christianity. Constitutional law Preamble The preamble of the Bangladeshi constitution declares secularity as a basic constitutional principle. The second paragraph reads \"Pledging that the high ideals of nationalism, socialism, democracy and secularism, which inspired our heroic people to dedicate themselves to, and our brave martyrs to sacrifice their lives in, the national liberation struggle, shall be the fundamental principles of the Constitution\". Article 8 Article 8 of the constitution enshrines secularism as a basis for government policy. Part II of the constitution includes the fundamental principles of state policy. These 16 principles will have to be guided by secularism. Article 8 provides that \"The principles of nationalism, socialism, democracy and secularism, together with the principles derived from those as set out in this Part, shall constitute the fundamental principles of state policy. The principles set out in this Part shall be fundamental to the governance of Bangladesh, shall be applied by the State in the making of laws, shall be a guide to the interpretation of the Constitution and of the other laws of Bangladesh, and shall form the basis of the work of the State and of its citizens, but shall not be judicially enforceable\". Article 12 Secularity is further explained in Article 12 of the constitution. Article 12 sets out several goals, including the elimination of inter-religious conflict, the prohibition of religious discrimination and discouraging the use of religion in politics. The article is quoted below:- The principle of secularism shall be realised by the elimination of - (a) Communalism in all", "title": "Secularism in Bangladesh" }, { "docid": "187272", "text": "A democratic deficit (or democracy deficit) occurs when ostensibly-democratic organizations or institutions (particularly governments) fall short of fulfilling the principles of democracy in their practices or operation. Representative and linked parliamentary integrity have become widely discussed. The qualitative expression of the democratic deficit is the difference between the democracy indices of a country from the highest possible values. The phrase \"democratic deficit\" is cited as first being used by the Young European Federalists in their Manifesto in 1977, which was drafted by Richard Corbett. It was also used by David Marquand in 1979, referring to the European Economic Community, the forerunner of the European Union. Voting rights The term \"democratic deficit\" is commonly used to refer to situations where territories under the jurisdiction of a sovereign state do not enjoy equal participation in electing representatives that legislate for them. Examples include: : Three external territories of Australia (Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands and Norfolk Island), have laws from the states of Western Australia or New South Wales apply to them but cannot vote in the elections of those states. : Three constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands (Aruba, Curacao and Sint Maarten) have no representation in the States General of the Netherlands. : Eleven inhabited British Overseas Territories and three Crown Dependencies (Guernsey, Jersey and the Isle of Man) have no representation in the Parliament of the United Kingdom. : The District of Columbia and five inhabited territories of the United States (Puerto Rico, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, American Samoa and U.S. Virgin Islands), only have non-voting representation in the United States House of Representatives, and none in the United States Senate. Tokelau, a dependent territory of New Zealand with no representation in the New Zealand Parliament, could also be said to be in a similar position. However, in practice, no legislation from New Zealand is extended to Tokelau without the territory's consent. Multinational organizations Some scholars have argued that the ratification of European Union treaties by repeated referendums, such as those held in Ireland for the Treaty of Nice and the Treaty of Lisbon, is also associated with a democratic deficit. National parliaments have given up power to the centralised European Parliament. As European Union citizens elect those who make up Council who then elect those become that Commissioners, there is a real fear it is too distant for many citizens. Often, EU elections are treated as second-order elections; with protest votes more common during national and local elections, example of this would be the success of anti-immigration parties such as Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy. Another problem in the EU is that voters vote more on the basis of national issues in the European Parliament elections and that the election is more used by voters to punish their government in the middle of their term. There is also insufficiently a European public opinion or European public sphere that votes against or rewards European politicians. Another problem is the big influence of lobbying groups on European", "title": "Democratic deficit" }, { "docid": "48188591", "text": "Third Side () is a political party in Hong Kong which claims to offer a \"third road\" to democracy, positioned between the pro-democracy camp and the pro-Beijing camp. It is led by Tik Chi-yuen, who was a co-founder and longtime member of the Democratic Party until his expulsion in 2015 for promoting political reforms proposed by the Chinese central government. History Third Side is led by chairman Tik Chi-yuen, the former vice-chairman of the Democratic Party, and vice-convenor Wong Sing-chi, a former Democrat legislator. Wong was expelled by the Democrats in July 2015 for urging legislators to accept the Beijing-decreed political reform package. Tik subsequently quit in September, citing differences on the pursuit of democracy. The party's 20-member preparatory committee included former Democrats Chan Ka-wai and Chow Yick-hay, and Centaline Property Agency co-founder Shih Wing-ching, who was also from Path of Democracy, the think tank set up by fellow moderate and former Civic Party legislator Ronny Tong Ka-wah. Others included Hung Fook Tong executive director Ricky Szeto Wing-fu and Shue Yan University associate professor Lee Shu-kam. The party was inaugurated at a 7 January ceremony. Wong Sing-chi was a candidate in the legislative by-election in early 2016, but lost the race by coming in the fifth place. After the by-election, the party once considered filling candidates in the 2016 legislative election. And yet, on 22 July 2016, ten members of the Third Side quit which included two vice-chairmen Marcus Liu Tim-shing and Ben Kuen Ping-yiu, who were all part of the team that was going to run in the New Territories East constituency. They stated that the party had fallen short of their expectation to forge a new brand of politics perched between the two traditional blocs. The party argued that their departure was due to the party's decision not to field any candidates in New Territories East in the upcoming election. The party failed to win any seat in the election. On 19 December 2017, Macau denied entry to Third Side member Wong Chun-long for security reasons despite inviting him to attend a conference on Macau's finance and information technology sectors. In December 2021, it was reported that Wong Chun-long, Third Side candidate in the New Territories North West constituency in that month's LegCo election, had posed as a young girl on online discussion forum LIHKG. Wong started a political debate under the name \"Little Sister\" while claiming to be part of the \"yellow\" (pro-democracy) camp. Stances In initial stage, Third Side was considered as a \"middle-of-the-road\" political group between the pro-democracy camp and pro-Beijing camp. and had a direct competition with pro-democracy Alvin Yeung and pro-Beijing Holden Chow in the 2016 New Territories East by-election. However, during 2016 Hong Kong legislative election, it was reported that pro-Beijing camp once considered allocating votes to Tik Chi-yuen, who was running in the election in the Kowloon West constituency in the hope of defeating pro-democracy and localist candidates. In the November 2018 Kowloon West by-election, Tik endorsed pro-Beijing candidate Chan Hoi-yan", "title": "Third Side" }, { "docid": "9943003", "text": "Secularism in Iran was established as state policy shortly after Rezā Shāh was crowned Shah in 1925. He made any public display or expression of religious faith, including the wearing of the headscarf (hijab) and chador by women and wearing of facial hair by men (with the exception of the mustache) illegal. Public religious festivals (such as Muharram and Ashura) and celebrations were banned, Shia clergy were forbidden to preach in extremist ideas. Although criticised by the religious traditionalists and viewed as authoritarian by foreign observers, Reza Shah intended to secularise Iran and eliminate the influence of the Shi'a clergy upon the government and the society. During his reign, the first instances of Islamic extremism and terrorism appeared in Iran as a backlash against his secularist policies. For example, secularist politicians and writers such as Ahmad Kasravi were assassinated by Muslim extremists, the most notorious of which remains Navvab Safavi, who today is considered a hero by the government of the Islamic Republic of Iran. After Reza Shah was forcibly deposed and sent into exile by British and Soviet forces with the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran, the era of secularism in Iran ended. From 1941 until 1953, democracy was properly restored to Iran, but the Shi'a clergy also were able to return to their previous level of power and influence because of their primary base of support in rural parts of central Iran. After 1953, the Iranian government, while becoming less and less democratic, also increasingly took steps to restore Reza Shah's authoritarian policies and eliminate the influence of the Shi'a clergy and organised religion from the government and public life. In the late 1960s, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi had forced the Shi'a clerical novitiates to attend public state-run universities in order to gain religious certification and license to preach, similar to Catholic and Christian schools of theology. Mohammad Reza Shah also began taking steps in the 1970s to exclude Shi'a clergy from participating in the Parliament and to impose restrictions on public displays of religion and religious observance. Both Reza Shah and Mohammad Reza Shah took much inspiration from the post-revolutionary French and Classical American political schools of thought which advocate separation of religion and state, and both blamed the British for the rise of Islamism and radical Islam in Iran and the Middle East. For this reason Pahlavi Iran vigorously pursued close relations with France and the United States. In 1979, after the deposition of the government of Prime Minister Shapour Bakhtiar in February of that year, an interim government was established under Prime Minister Mehdi Bazargan which sought to establish a nationalist Islamic democratic government with pro-free market economic policy, in opposition to the wishes of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini and his pro-Islamic Republic faction. Bazargan's government resigned en masse in November 1979 immediately after the US Embassy takeover by radicalist students. The end of Bazargan's government officially marked the end of state-directed secularism in Iran. In February 1980 the Islamic Republican Party established the current theocratic government of", "title": "Secularism in Iran" }, { "docid": "22163364", "text": "A civic lottery, a popular term for the contemporary use of sortition or allotment, is a lottery-based method for selecting citizens for public service or office. It is based on the premise that citizens in a democracy have both a duty and the desire to serve their society by participating in its governance. Today, the most common use of the civic lottery process is found in countries which follow Common Law systems, where citizen juries are summoned to hear and render verdicts in court cases. The term for this is popularly known as jury duty. Civic lotteries are increasingly popular in Canada, where provincial Citizens' Assemblies on Electoral Reform took place in British Columbia in 2004 and in Ontario in 2006. The membership of each Assembly was determined by a civic lottery which invited citizens to volunteer as candidates. In British Columbia, the government sent 23,034 letters to randomly identified citizens throughout the province. 1,715 replied and volunteered to serve as members of the Assembly. In Ontario, 123,489 citizens were identified during a random electronic draw from the Permanent Register of Electors. Each citizen received a letter inviting him or her to apply, and 7,033 volunteered as candidates. Ultimately, during a final selection process, 158 names were drawn from among the candidates to participate as members of the BC Assembly. 103 were selected as members in Ontario. MASS LBP, a Canadian company inspired by the work of the Citizens' Assembly on Electoral Reform (Ontario), that has designed and implemented 50 Civic Lotteries between 2007 and 2023, has developed an increasingly sophisticated system for running civic lotteries to randomly select citizens to participate on government advisory panels. The lotteries, which ask citizens to give up several consecutive weekends to participate on a panel, enjoy a strong positive response rate, typically exceeding five percent. This suggests that citizens are more interested in public affairs than declining voter-turnout rates indicate. Panel members are randomly selected from among the pool of candidate-respondents to create a panel that roughly matches the demographic profile of the wider population. See also Sortition MASS LBP Democracy Democratic deficit Deliberative democracy Direct democracy References External links MASS LBP official site Sorted: Civic Lotteries and the Future of Public Participation How to run a Civic Lottery: Designing fair selection mechanisms for deliberative public processes; A Guide and License (Version 1.4) The Ontario Citizens Assembly The Ontario Citizens' Assembly on Electoral Reform a record of Ontario’s first citizens’ assembly process The BC Citizens Assembly Citizens’ Reference Panel on Pharmacare in Canada Active citizenship Sampling (statistics)", "title": "Civic lottery" }, { "docid": "99860", "text": "Voting is a method by which a group, such as a meeting or an electorate, convenes together for the purpose of making a collective decision or expressing an opinion usually following discussions, debates or election campaigns. Democracies elect holders of high office by voting. Residents of a jurisdiction represented by an elected official are called \"constituents\", and the constituents who choose to cast a ballot for their chosen candidate are called \"voters.\" There are different systems for collecting votes, but while many of the systems used in decision-making can also be used as electoral systems, any which cater to proportional representation can only be used in elections. In smaller organizations, voting can occur in many different ways: formally via ballot to elect others for example within a workplace, to elect members of political associations, or to choose roles for others; or informally with a spoken agreement or a gesture like a raised hand, or electronically. In politics In a democracy, the government is elected by the people who vote in an election: a way for an electorate to elect, i.e., choose, among several different candidates. It is more than likely that elections will be between two opposing parties. These two will be the most established and most popular parties in the country. For example, in the US, the competition is between the Republicans and the Democrats. In an indirect democracy, voting is the method by which the person elected (in charge) represents the people, whilst making decisions. Direct democracy is the complete opposite, the people make the policy decisions directly without selecting a representative to do it for them. A majority vote is when more than half of voters vote for the same person or party. However, whilst it is usually said each individual's vote does count, many countries use a combination of factors to decide who has power, not the at-large \"popular vote\". Most influential of these factors are districts that divide the electorate. For example, in the UK a party winning plurality in a majority of constituencies wins majority government, but they may not always have the most individual votes (i.e. they may have lose the popular vote but still win the seat count). (It is also possible for a party to win plurality in a minority of constituencies (but more than any other one party) and thus win minority government.) Many liberal democracies use what is called a secret ballot, hoping to prevent individuals from becoming influenced by other people and to protect their political privacy. The objective of secret ballots is to try to achieve the most authentic outcome, without any risk of peer pressure, threat, or services linked to one's vote: the person votes for their actual preferred choice. Voting often takes place at a polling station but voting can also be done remotely by mail or using internet voting (such as in Estonia). Voting is voluntary in some countries, like the UK, but it may be compulsory in others, such as Australia. Because countries", "title": "Voting" }, { "docid": "9066788", "text": "A liberal autocracy is a non-democratic government that follows the principles of liberalism. Until the 20th century, most countries in Western Europe were \"liberal autocracies, or at best, semi-democracies\". One example of a \"classic liberal autocracy\" was the Austro-Hungarian Empire. According to Fareed Zakaria, a more recent example is Hong Kong until 1 July 1997, which was ruled by the British Crown. He says that until 1991 \"it had never held a meaningful election, but its government epitomized constitutional liberalism, protecting its citizens' basic rights and administering a fair court system and bureaucracy\". The existence of real liberties in many of these autocracies is very questionable. For instance, 19th century autocracies often abolished feudal institutions like serfdom, guilds, privileges for the nobility and inequality before the law, but freedom of speech and freedom of association were at best limited. As such, liberal autocracy often preceded various forms of electoral democracy in the evolution of these nations, being much more open than feudal monarchies, but less free than modern liberal democracies. Hong Kong is arguably a special case, where during the latter stages of British colonial rule there was considerable freedom of speech and freedom of association, but also the common knowledge that China would not allow an independent state with free elections. It was also suggested that since 2005 Egypt has been leaning towards liberal autocracy. References See also Authoritarian capitalism Illiberal democracy Autocracy Enlightened absolutism Liberal democracy Political liberalism History of liberalism Mixed government", "title": "Liberal autocracy" } ]	[ "Athenian democracy" ]
train_7069	where is a sperm cell found in the body	[ { "docid": "10813956", "text": "Female sperm can refer to either: A sperm which contains an X chromosome, produced in the usual way in the testicles, referring to the occurrence of such a sperm fertilizing an egg and giving birth to a female. A sperm which artificially contains genetic material from a female. Since the late 1980s, scientists have explored how to produce sperm where all of the chromosomes come from a female donor. Artificial female sperm production Creating female sperm was first raised as a possibility in a patent filed in 1991 by injecting a female's cells into a male's testicles, though the patent focused mostly on injecting altered male cells into a male's testes to correct genetic diseases. In 1997, Japanese scientists partially confirmed such techniques by creating chicken female sperm in a similar manner. \"However, the ratio of produced W chromosome-bearing (W-bearing) spermatozoa fell substantially below expectations. It is therefore concluded that most of the W-bearing PGC could not differentiate into spermatozoa because of restricted spermatogenesis.\" These simple transplantation methods follow from earlier observations by developmental biologists that germ stem cells are autonomous in the sense that they can begin the processes to become both sperm and eggs. One potential roadblock to injecting a female's cells into a male's testicles is that the male's immune system might attack and destroy the female's cells. In usual circumstances, when foreign cells (such as cells or organs from other people, or infectious bacteria) are put into a human body, the immune system will reject such cells or organs. However, a special property of testicles is that they are immune-privileged, that is, a male's immune system will not attack foreign cells (such as a female's cells) injected into the sperm-producing part of the testicles. Thus, a female's cells will remain in the male's testicles long enough to be converted into sperm. However, there are more serious challenges. Biologists have well established that male sperm production relies on certain genes on the Y chromosome, which, when missing or defective, lead to such males producing little to no sperm in their testicles. An analogy, then, is that XX cells have complete Y chromosome deficiency. While many genes on the Y chromosome have backups (homologues) on other chromosomes, a few genes such as RBMY on the Y chromosome do not have such backups, and their effects must be compensated to convert a female's cells from into sperm. In 2007, a patent application was filed on methods for creating human female sperm using artificial or natural Y chromosomes and testicular transplantation. Key to successful creation of female sperm (and male eggs) will be inducing male epigenetic markings for female cells that initially have female markings, with techniques for doing so disclosed in the patent application. In 2018, Chinese research scientists produced 29 viable mice offspring from two female mice by creating sperm-like structures from haploid embryonic stem cells using gene editing to alter imprinted regions of DNA. Experts noted that there was little chance of these techniques being applied to", "title": "Female sperm" }, { "docid": "13798173", "text": "Sperm motility describes the ability of sperm to move properly through the female reproductive tract (internal fertilization) or through water (external fertilization) to reach the egg. Sperm motility can also be thought of as the quality, which is a factor in successful conception; sperm that do not \"swim\" properly will not reach the egg in order to fertilize it. Sperm motility in mammals also facilitates the passage of the sperm through the cumulus oophorus (a layer of cells) and the zona pellucida (a layer of extracellular matrix), which surround the mammalian oocyte. In the wood mouse Apodemus sylvaticus, sperms aggregate in 'trains' that are better able to fertilize eggs because they are more capable of navigating the viscous environment of the female reproductive tract. The trains move in a sinusoidal motion. Sperm motility is also affected by certain factors released by eggs. Sperm movement is activated by changes in intracellular ion concentration. The changes in ion concentration that provoke motility are different among species. In marine invertebrates and sea urchins, the rise in pH to about 7.2–7.6 activates ATPase which leads to a decrease in intracellular potassium, and thus induces membrane hyperpolarization. As a result, sperm movement is activated. The change in cell volume which alters intracellular ion concentration can also contribute to the activation of sperm motility. In some mammals, sperm motility is activated by increase in pH, calcium ion and cAMP, yet it is suppressed by low pH in the epididymis. The tail of the sperm - the flagellum - confers motility upon the sperm, and has three principal components: a central skeleton constructed of 11 microtubules collectively termed the axoneme and similar to the equivalent structure found in cilia a thin cell membrane covering the axoneme mitochondria arranged spirally around the axoneme at the middle-piece, Back and forth movement of the tail results from a rhythmical longitudinal sliding motion between the anterior and posterior tubules that make up the axoneme. The energy for this process is supplied by ATP produced by mitochondria. The velocity of a sperm in fluid medium is usually 1–4 mm/min. This allows the sperm to move towards an ovum in order to fertilize it. The axoneme is attached at its base to a centriole known as the distal centriole and acts as a basal body. In most animals, this distal centriole act as a shock absorber preventing the microtubules filaments from moving at the axoneme base. In contrast, in mammals, the distal centriole evolved an atypical structure, known as the atypical distal centriole. The atypical centriole is made of splayed microtubules organized into left and right sides. During sperm movement, the two sides move relative to each other, helping to shape the waveform of the sperm tail. In mammals, spermatozoa mature functionally through a process which is known as capacitation. When spermatozoa reach the isthmic oviduct, their motility has been reported to be reduced as they attach to epithelium. Near the time of ovulation, hyperactivation occurs. During this process, the flagella move with", "title": "Sperm motility" }, { "docid": "13406814", "text": "A sperm granuloma is a lump of leaked sperm that appears along the vasa deferentia or epididymides in vasectomized individuals. While the majority of sperm granulomas are present along the vas deferens, the rest of them form at the epididymis. Sperm granulomas range in size, from one millimeter to one centimeter. They consist of a central mass of degenerating sperm surrounded by tissue containing blood vessels and immune system cells. Sperm granulomas may also have a yellow, white, or cream colored center when cut open. While some sperm granulomas can be painful, most of them are painless and asymptomatic. Sperm granulomas can appear as a result of surgery (such as a vasectomy), trauma, or an infection (such as sexually transmitted diseases). They can appear as early as four days after surgery and fully formed ones can appear as late as 208 days later. Sperm granulomas are a common complication of different types of vasectomy. In vasectomies, the vas deferens are cut and the two ends are tied to prevent sperm from passing. Sperm granuloma may then form at the point where the vas deferens were cut, due to the possibility of sperm leaking out at this site. History of trauma or inflammation of the epididymis can also lead to a sperm granuloma. Sperm granulomas are seen as the body's immune response to sperm being outside of their normal location, and are therefore seen as a protective mechanism. Sperm granulomas are quite common after surgery, occurring in up to 40% of patients. On the contrary, sperm granulomas comprise only 2.5% of the general population. Amongst adolescents and pediatric patients, sperm granulomas are considered a rare phenomenon as this population does not undergo vasectomy often. The most common cause of sperm granuloma in pediatric and adolescent patients is often attributed to tumor obstruction, injury, or infection to the area. While sperm granuloma is considered a complication in most cases, it allows decompression of the vas deferens and epididymis at the vasectomy site. This allows for successful future reversal of vasectomy given the good quality sperm in the vas fluid. Any surgery in the genital area can lead to castration anxiety (fear of loss or damage to the genital organ.) Diagnosis Sperm granulomas are diagnosed using a microscope to examine tissues (histology) taken from the area, typically done with fine needle aspiration and occur within a few weeks of a vasectomy. An example of a histology based diagnosis supporting sperm granuloma would be a sperm core surrounded by inflammatory cells, apoptotic cells, and fibrous tissue. Often, there will be empty tubes with cellular debris near the granuloma. Additionally, physicians might use high frequency ultrasounds to aid in properly diagnosing epididymal conditions such as sperm granulomas. Using these ultrasounds provide a better view of the anatomy of the epididymis, which could prevent misdiagnosis of conditions such as testicular tumors or supernumerary testis (the presence of more than two testes). Signs and symptoms Sperm granulomas appear as hard and firm nodules that do not exceed", "title": "Sperm granuloma" }, { "docid": "1818326", "text": "Reproductive biology includes both sexual and asexual reproduction. Reproductive biology includes a wide number of fields: Reproductive systems Endocrinology Sexual development (Puberty) Sexual maturity Reproduction Fertility Human reproductive biology Endocrinology Human reproductive biology is primarily controlled through hormones, which send signals to the human reproductive structures to influence growth and maturation. These hormones are secreted by endocrine glands, and spread to different tissues in the human body. In humans, the pituitary gland synthesizes hormones used to control the activity of endocrine glands. Reproductive systems Internal and external organs are included in the reproductive system. There are two reproductive systems including the male and female, which contain different organs from one another. These systems work together in order to produce offspring. Female reproductive system The female reproductive system includes the structures involved in ovulation, fertilization, development of an embryo, and birth. These structures include: Ovaries Oviducts Uterus Vagina Mammary Glands Estrogen is one of the sexual reproductive hormones that aid in the sexual reproductive system of the female. Male reproductive system The male reproductive system includes testes, rete testis, efferent ductules, epididymis, sex accessory glands, sex accessory ducts and external genitalia. Testosterone, an androgen, although present in both males and females, is relatively more abundant in males. Testosterone serves as one of the major sexual reproductive hormones in the male reproductive system However, the enzyme aromatase is present in testes and capable of synthesizing estrogens from androgens. Estrogens are present in high concentrations in luminal fluids of the male reproductive tract. Androgen and estrogen receptors are abundant in epithelial cells of the male reproductive tract. Animal Reproductive Biology Animal reproduction occurs by two modes of action, including both sexual and asexual reproduction. In asexual reproduction the generation of new organisms does not require the fusion sperm with an egg. However, in sexual reproduction new organisms are formed by the fusion of haploid sperm and eggs resulting in what is known as the zygote. Although animals exhibit both sexual and asexual reproduction the vast majority of animals reproduce by sexual reproduction. In many species, relatively little is known about the conditions needed for successful breeding. Such information may be critical to preventing widespread extinction as species are increasingly affected by climate change and other threats. In the case of some species of frogs, such as the Mallorcan midwife toad and the Kihansi spray toad, it has been possible to repopulate areas where wild populations had been lost. Gametogenesis Gametogenesis is the formation of gametes, or reproductive cells. Spermatogenesis Spermatogenesis is the production of sperm cells in the testis. In mature testes primordial germ cells divide mitotically to form the spermatogonia, which in turn generate spermatocytes by mitosis. Then each spermatocyte gives rise to four spermatids through meiosis. Spermatids are now haploid and undergo differentiation into sperm cells. Later in reproduction the sperm will fuse with a female oocyte to form the zygote. Oogenesis Oogenesis is the formation of a cell who will produce one ovum and three polar bodies. Oogenesis begins in", "title": "Reproductive biology" }, { "docid": "183699", "text": "The bulbourethral glands or Cowper's glands (named for English anatomist William Cowper) are two small exocrine and accessory glands in the reproductive system of many male mammals. They are homologous to Bartholin's glands in females. The bulbourethral glands are responsible for producing a pre-ejaculate fluid called Cowper's fluid (known colloquially as pre-cum), which is secreted during sexual arousal, neutralizing the acidity of the urethra in preparation for the passage of sperm cells. The paired glands are found adjacent to the urethra just below the prostate, seen best by screening (medicine) MRI as a tool in preventative healthcare in males. Screening MRI may be performed when there is a positive prostate-specific antigen on basic laboratory tests. Prostate cancer is the second-most common cause of cancer-related mortality in males in the USA. Most species of placental mammals have bulbourethral glands, but they are absent in whales, dolphins, and porpoises. They are the only accessory reproductive glands in male monotremes. Placental mammals usually have 1 pair of bulbourethral glands, while male marsupials have 1–3 pairs. Of all domesticated animals, they are absent only in dogs. Location Bulbourethral glands are located posterior and lateral to the membranous portion of the urethra at the base of the penis, between the two layers of the fascia of the urogenital diaphragm, in the deep perineal pouch. They are enclosed by transverse fibers of the sphincter urethrae membranaceae muscle. Structure The bulbourethral glands are compound tubulo-alveolar glands, each approximately the size of a pea in humans. In chimpanzees, they are not visible during dissection, but can be found on microscopic examination. In boars, they are up to 18 cm long and 5 cm in diameter. They are composed of several lobules held together by a fibrous covering. Each lobule consists of a number of acini, lined by columnar epithelial cells, opening into a duct that joins with the ducts of other lobules to form a single excretory duct. This duct is approximately 2.5 cm long and opens into the bulbar urethra at the base of the penis. The glands gradually diminish in size with advancing age. Function The bulbourethral gland contributes up to 4 ml of fluid during sexual arousal. The secretion is a clear fluid rich in mucoproteins that help to lubricate the distal urethra and neutralize any acidic urine residue that remains in the urethra. According to one preliminary study, the bulbourethral gland fluid might not contain any sperm, whereas another study showed some men did leak sperm in potentially significant quantities (in a range from low counts up to 50 million sperm per ml) into the pre-ejaculatory fluid, potentially leading to conception from the introduction of pre-ejaculate. However, the sperm source is a residual or pre-ejaculatory leak from the testicles into the vasa deferentia, rather than from the bulbourethral gland itself. Gallery See also List of homologues of the human reproductive system Urethral gland List of distinct cell types in the adult human body References Exocrine system Glands Mammal male reproductive system", "title": "Bulbourethral gland" }, { "docid": "2395928", "text": "Spermiogenesis is the final stage of spermatogenesis, during which the spermatids develop into mature spermatozoa. At the beginning of the stage, the spermatid is a more or less circular cell containing a nucleus, Golgi apparatus, centriole and mitochondria; by the end of the process, it has radically transformed into an elongated spermatozoon, complete with a head, midpiece, and tail. Phases The process of spermiogenesis is traditionally divided into four stages: the Golgi phase, the cap phase, formation of the tail, and the maturation stage. Golgi phase The spermatids, which up until now have been mostly radially symmetrical, begin to develop polarity. The head forms at one end, where the Golgi apparatus creates enzymes that will become the acrosome. At the other end, it develops a thickened midpiece, where the mitochondria gather and the distal centriole begins to form an axoneme. Spermatid DNA also undergoes packaging, becoming highly condensed. The DNA is first packaged with specific nuclear basic proteins, which are subsequently replaced with protamines during spermatid elongation. The resultant tightly packed chromatin is transcriptionally inactive. Cap/acrosome phase The Golgi apparatus surrounds the condensed nucleus, becoming the acrosomal cap. Formation of tail One of the centrioles of the cell elongates to become the tail of the sperm. A temporary structure called the \"manchette\" assists in this elongation. During this phase, the developing spermatozoa orient themselves so that their tails point towards the center of the lumen, away from the epithelium. Maturation phase The excess cytoplasm, known as residual body of Regaud, is phagocytosed by surrounding Sertoli cells in the testes. Spermiation The mature spermatozoa are released from the protective Sertoli cells into the lumen of the seminiferous tubule and a process called spermiation then takes place, which removes the remaining unnecessary cytoplasm and organelles. The resulting spermatozoa are now mature but lack motility, rendering them sterile. The non-motile spermatozoa are transported to the epididymis in testicular fluid secreted by the Sertoli cells, with the aid of peristaltic contraction. Whilst in the epididymis, they acquire motility. However, transport of the mature spermatozoa through the remainder of the male reproductive system is achieved via muscle contraction rather than the spermatozoon's motility. A glycoprotein coat over the acrosome prevents the sperm from fertilizing the egg prior to traveling through the male and female reproductive tracts. Capacitation of the sperm by the enzymes FPP (fertilization promoting peptide, produced in the prostate gland) and heparin (in the female reproductive tract) removes this coat and allows sperm to bind to the egg. References External links Images and video of spermiogenesis - University of Arizona Overview at yale.edu Mammal male reproductive system", "title": "Spermiogenesis" }, { "docid": "1827682", "text": "The male reproductive system consists of a number of sex organs that play a role in the process of human reproduction. These organs are located on the outside of the body, and within the pelvis. The main male sex organs are the penis and the scrotum, which contains the testicles that produce semen and sperm, which, as part of sexual intercourse, fertilize an ovum in the female's body; the fertilized ovum (zygote) develops into a fetus, which is later born as an infant. The corresponding system in females is the female reproductive system. External genitalia Penis The penis is an intromittent organ with a long shaft, an enlarged bulbous-shaped tip called the glans and its foreskin for protection. Inside the penis is the urethra, which is used to ejaculate semen and to excrete urine. Both substances exit through the meatus. When the male becomes sexually aroused, erection occurs because sinuses within the erectile tissues of the penis (corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum) become filled with blood. The arteries of the penis are dilated while the veins are compressed so that blood flows into the erectile cartilage under pressure. The penis is supplied by the pudendal artery. Scrotum The scrotum is a sac of skin that hangs behind the penis. It holds and protects the testicles. It also contains numerous nerves and blood vessels. During times of lower temperatures, the cremaster muscle contracts and pulls the scrotum closer to the body, while the dartos fascia gives it a wrinkled appearance; when the temperature increases, the cremaster and dartos fascia relax to bring down the scrotum away from the body and remove the wrinkles respectively. The scrotum remains connected with the abdomen or pelvic cavity through the inguinal canal. (The spermatic cord, formed from spermatic artery, vein and nerve bound together with connective tissue passes into the testis through inguinal canal.) Internal genitalia Testicles The testicles are two gonads that produce sperm by meiotic division of germ cells within the seminiferous tubules, and synthesize and secrete androgens that regulate the male reproductive functions. The site of production of androgens is the Leydig cells that are located in the interstitium between seminiferous tubules. Epididymides The epididymis is a long whitish mass of tightly coiled tube. The sperm that are produced in the seminiferous tubules flow into the epididymis. During passage via the epididymis, the sperm undergo maturation and are concentrated by the action of ion channels located on the apical membrane of the epididymis. Vasa deferentia The vas deferens, which is also known as the sperm duct, is a thin tube approximately long that starts from the epididymis to the pelvic cavity. It carries the spermatozoa from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct. Accessory glands Three accessory glands provide fluids that lubricate the duct system and nourish the sperm cells. Seminal vesicles: two glands behind the bladder that secrete many of the semen's components. Prostate gland: a gland located below the bladder that produces seminal fluid and helps regulate urine flow. Bulbourethral glands:", "title": "Male reproductive system" }, { "docid": "15822899", "text": "A man is an adult male human. Prior to adulthood, a male human is referred to as a boy (a male child or adolescent). Like most other male mammals, a man's genome usually inherits an X chromosome from the mother and a Y chromosome from the father. Sex differentiation of the male fetus is governed by the SRY gene on the Y chromosome. During puberty, hormones which stimulate androgen production result in the development of secondary sexual characteristics that result in even more differences between the sexes. These include greater muscle mass, greater height, the growth of facial hair and a lower body fat composition. Male anatomy is distinguished from female anatomy by the male reproductive system, which includes the penis, scrotum, testicles, sperm duct, prostate gland and epididymis, and by secondary sex characteristics, including a narrower pelvis and hips, and smaller breasts and nipples. Throughout human history, traditional gender roles have often defined and limited men's activities and opportunities. Men often face conscription into military service or are directed into professions with high mortality rates. Many religious doctrines stipulate certain rules for men, such as religious circumcision. Men are over-represented as both perpetrators and victims of violence. Trans men have a gender identity that does not align with their female sex assignment at birth, while intersex men may have sex characteristics that do not fit typical notions of male biology. Etymology The English term \"man\" is derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *man- (see Sanskrit/Avestan manu-, Slavic mǫž \"man, male\"). More directly, the word derives from Old English mann. The Old English form primarily meant \"person\" or \"human being\" and referred to men, women, and children alike. The Old English word for \"man\" as distinct from \"woman\" or \"child\" was wer. Mann only came to mean \"man\" in Middle English, replacing wer, which survives today only in the compounds \"werewolf\" (from Old English werwulf, literally \"man-wolf\"), and \"wergild\", literally \"man-payment\". Biology In humans, sperm cells carry either an X or a Y sex chromosome. If a sperm cell carrying a Y chromosome fertilizes the female ovum, the offspring will have a male karyotype (XY). The SRY gene is typically found on the Y chromosome and causes the development of the testes, which in turn govern other aspects of male sex differentiation. Sex differentiation in males proceeds in a testes-dependent way while female differentiation is not gonad dependent. Primary sex characteristics (or sex organs) are characteristics that are present at birth and are integral to the reproductive process. For men, primary sex characteristics include the penis and testicles. Adult humans exhibit sexual dimorphism in many other characteristics, many of which have no direct link to reproductive ability. Humans are sexually dimorphic in body size, body structure, and body composition. Men tend to be taller and heavier than women, and adjusted for height, men tend to have greater lean and bone mass than women, and lower fat mass. Secondary sex characteristics are features that appear during puberty in humans. Such features are", "title": "Man" }, { "docid": "29375208", "text": "Cysteine-rich secretory proteins, often abbreviated as CRISPs, are a group of glycoproteins. They are a subgroup of the CRISP, antigen 5 and Pr-1 (CAP) protein superfamily and also contain a domain related to the ShK toxins. They are substantially implicated in the functioning of the mammalian reproductive system. CRISPs are also found in a variety of snake venoms where they inhibit both smooth muscle contraction and cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels. Structure CRISPs contain two domains joined by a hinge region. The larger domain is a CAP-like 'Pathogenesis-related 1' domain (PR-1), followed by the smaller ShK-like 'Cysteine-Rich Domain' (CRD). CRISPs are glycoproteins, with a number of carbohydrate glycans covalently attached to amino acid side-chains on their surface via glycosylation. The primary structure is also rich in cysteine that form disulfide bonds, particularly in the hinge region and CRD. Mammalian reproduction CRISPs are found in the testes and epididymis of mammals, and are also involved in the process of fertilisation. In the spermatogenesis process (development of the spermatozoa in the testis), the CRISP2 protein is incorporated into the acrosome where it is believed to be involved in the adhesion of germ cells with Sertoli cells. CRISP2 also forms part of the sperm tail where it is thought to be involved in regulating flagellar beating. Proteins CRISP1 and CRISP4 are both found in the epididymis where they are also incorporated within the spermatozoa as it matures. Protein CRISP3 is found in seminal fluid, excreted from the prostate although its function is unknown. During capacitation, the penultimate stage of spermatozoa maturation, the acrosomal sperm head membrane is destabilised to allow greater binding between oocyte and sperm. CRISP1 binds to surface of the sperm leading to a quiescent state of storage prior to capacitation. The mechanism is believed to involve inhibition of ion channel activity, similar to the mechanism of action of the other major function of CRISPs in snake venom. Research also suggests that CRISPs are involved in the oocyte-sperm binding needed for fertilisation. Given the involvement of CRISPs in several stages of human reproduction, it is unsurprising that applications in treatment of infertility and as contraceptives are being actively investigated. Snake venom CRISPs are found in the venom of a wide variety of snake species. Examples include ablomin from the Japanese Mamushi snake (Gloydius blomhoffii, formerly Agkistrodon blomhoffi), latisemin from the Erabu sea snake (Laticauda semifasciata), ophanin from the King Cobra (Ophiophagus hannah), piscivorin from the Eastern Cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorus) and triflin from the Habu snake (Trimeresurus flavoviridis) – each of these proteins is named for the snake species in which it was discovered. These venoms are toxic due to their blocking of calcium channels and also because they reduce potassium-induced smooth muscle contraction. Among the four CRISPs isolated from the Monocled Cobra (Naja kaouthia) and the three from the Egyptian Cobra (Naja haje), ion channel activity occurred by blocking of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels. One of the N. haje CRISPs was the first example of an acidic CRISP in reptilian venom. The", "title": "Cysteine-rich secretory protein" } ]	[ { "docid": "56502999", "text": "Monocystis (Gr., monos, single + kystisis, bladder) is a genus (the type of the family Monocystidae) of acephaline gregarines (subclass Gregarinasina) not having the protoplasm divided into segments by septa and including internal parasites of invertebrates (as M. agilis of the reproductive system of earthworms). Habit and habitat Monocystis lives as an intracellular parasite in its young stage, when it lives in the bundle of developing sperm. It becomes extracellular in its mature stage, living in the contents of seminal vesicles of earthworms. Its infection is so widespread that practically all mature earthworms are found parasitized by this parasite. Structure The mature adult of Monocystis is a feeding stage called a trophozoite. The young trophozoite lives in the sperm morula (group of developing sperm) of the host; it feeds and grows at the expense of the protoplasm of the developing sperm until all the protoplasm is exhausted and it is surrounded by the tails of the dead sperm cells. In this stage, it is sometimes mistaken for a ciliated organism, but the sperm tails soon detach from its body and the trophozoite becomes free. The adult is an elongated, spindle-shaped, flattened, wormlike creature. Its body is covered by a thick, smooth, and permeable pellicle. The cytoplasm is well differentiated into ectoplasm and endoplasm, the latter containing a large vesicular nucleus. Its nutrition is sporozoic. There are no locomotory organs, but it shows wriggling and gliding movements. References Conoidasida Apicomplexa genera", "title": "Monocystis" }, { "docid": "1944940", "text": "Internal fertilization is the union of an egg and sperm cell during sexual reproduction inside the female body. Internal fertilization, unlike its counterpart, external fertilization, brings more control to the female with reproduction. For internal fertilization to happen there needs to be a method for the male to introduce the sperm into the female's reproductive tract. Most taxa that reproduce by internal fertilization are gonochoric. In mammals, reptiles, and certain other groups of animals, this is done by copulation, an intromittent organ being introduced into the vagina or cloaca. In most birds, the cloacal kiss is used, the two animals pressing their cloacas together while transferring sperm. Salamanders, spiders, some insects and some molluscs undertake internal fertilization by transferring a spermatophore, a bundle of sperm, from the male to the female. Following fertilization, the embryos are laid as eggs in oviparous organisms, or continue to develop inside the reproductive tract of the mother to be born later as live young in viviparous organisms. Evolution of internal fertilization Internal fertilization evolved many times in animals. According to David B. Dusenbery all the features with internal fertilization were most likely a result from oogamy. It has been argued that internal fertilization evolve because of sexual selection through sperm competition. In amphibians, internal fertilization evolved from external fertilization. Methods of internal fertilization Fertilization which takes place inside the female body is called internal fertilization in animals is done through the following different ways: Copulation, which involves the insertion of the penis or other intromittent organ into the vagina (in most mammals) or to the cloaca in monotremes, most reptiles, some birds, the amphibian tailed frog and some fish, the disappeared dinosaurs, as well as in other non-vertebrate animals. Cloacal kiss, which consists in that the two animals touch their cloacae together in order to transfer the sperm of the male to the female. It is used in most birds and in the tuatara, that do not have an intromittent organ. Via spermatophore, a sperm-containing cap placed by the male in the female's cloaca. Usually, the sperm is stored in spermathecae on the roof of the cloaca until it is needed at the time of oviposition. It is used by some salamander and newt species, by the Arachnida, some insects and some mollusks. In sponges, sperm cells are released into the water to fertilize ova that are retained by the female. Some species of sponge participate in external fertilization where the ova is released. Expulsion At some point, the growing egg or offspring must be expelled. There are several possible modes of reproduction. These are traditionally classified as follows: Oviparity, as in most invertebrates and reptiles, monotremes, dinosaurs and all birds which lay eggs that continue to develop after being laid, and hatch later. Viviparity, as in almost all mammals (such as whales, kangaroos and humans) which bear their young live. The developing young spend proportionately more time within the female's reproductive tract. The young are later released to survive on their own, with", "title": "Internal fertilization" }, { "docid": "2396039", "text": "The blood–testis barrier is a physical barrier between the blood vessels and the seminiferous tubules of the animal testes. The name \"blood-testis barrier\" is misleading as it is not a blood-organ barrier in a strict sense, but is formed between Sertoli cells of the seminiferous tubule and isolates the further developed stages of germ cells from the blood. A more correct term is the Sertoli cell barrier (SCB). Structure The walls of seminiferous tubules are lined with primitive germ layer cells and by Sertoli cells. The barrier is formed by tight junctions, adherens junctions and gap junctions between the Sertoli cells, which are sustentacular cells (supporting cells) of the seminiferous tubules, and divides the seminiferous tubule into a basal compartment (outer side of the tubule, in contact with blood and lymph) and an endoluminal compartment (inner side of the tubule, isolated from blood and lymph). The tight junctions are formed by intercellular adhesion molecules in between cells that are anchored to actin fibers within the cells. For the visualization of the actin fibers within the seminiferous tubules see Sharma et al.'s immunofluorescence studies. Function The presence of the SCB allows Sertoli cells to control the adluminal environment in which germ cells (spermatocytes, spermatids and sperm) develop by influencing the chemical composition of the luminal fluid. The barrier also prevents passage of cytotoxic agents (bodies or substances that are toxic to cells) into the seminiferous tubules. The fluid in the lumen of seminiferous tubules is quite different from plasma; it contains very little protein and glucose but is rich in androgens, estrogens, potassium, inositol and glutamic and aspartic acid. This composition is maintained by blood–testis barrier. The barrier also protects the germ cells from blood-borne noxious agents, prevents antigenic products of germ cell maturation from entering the circulation and generating an autoimmune response, and may help establish an osmotic gradient that facilitates movement of fluid into the tubular lumen. Note Steroids penetrate the barrier. Some proteins pass from Sertoli cells to Leydig cells to function in a paracrine fashion. Clinical significance Auto-immune response The blood–testes barrier can be damaged by trauma to the testes (including torsion or impact), by surgery or as a result of vasectomy. When the blood–testes barrier is breached, and sperm enters the bloodstream, the immune system mounts an autoimmune response against the sperm, since the immune system has not been tolerized against the unique sperm antigens that are only expressed by these cells. The anti-sperm antibodies generated by the immune system can bind to various antigenic sites on the surface of the developing sperm within the testes. If they bind to the head, the sperm may be less able to fertilize an egg, and, if they bind to the tail, the motility of the sperm can be reduced. See also References External links Overview at okstate.edu Animal reproductive system Animal physiology Testicle", "title": "Blood–testis barrier" }, { "docid": "608956", "text": "Sertoli cells are a type of sustentacular \"nurse\" cell found in human testes which contribute to the process of spermatogenesis (the production of sperm) as a structural component of the seminiferous tubules. They are activated by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secreted by the adenohypophysis and express FSH receptor on their membranes. History Sertoli cells are named after Enrico Sertoli, an Italian physiologist who discovered them while studying medicine at the University of Pavia, Italy. He published a description of his eponymous cell in 1865. The cell was discovered by Sertoli with a Belthle microscope which had been purchased in 1862. In the 1865 publication, his first description used the terms \"tree-like cell\" or \"stringy cell\"; most importantly, he referred to these as \"mother cells\". Other scientists later used Enrico's family name to label these cells in publications, beginning in 1888. As of 2006, two textbooks that are devoted specifically to the Sertoli cell have been published. Structure Sertoli cells are specifically located in the convolutions of the seminiferous tubules, since this is the only place in the testes where spermatozoa are produced. As the primary support cell of the tubules, they are generally very large and amorphous, with individual cells stretching from the basal lamina to the lumen; their cytoplasm often completely surrounds the germline cells which they are responsible for nursing. Sertoli cells are easily confused with the other cells of the germinal epithelium when using standard staining techniques; the most distinctive feature of the Sertoli cell is its dark nucleolus. Development Sertoli cells are required for male sexual development. Sertoli cell proliferation and differentiation is mainly activated by FGF9, with which they also form a feedforward loop. It has been suggested that Sertoli cells may derive from the fetal mesonephros. After puberty, Sertoli cells begin to elongate. Their nucleoli become larger and tight junctions are completed, creating a fluid-filled lumen space. FSH is responsible for controlling the proliferation of Sertoli cells shortly after birth and stimulates the production of factors derived from Sertoli cells that control the development of the testes and germ cells. FSH, luteinizing hormone. thyroid-stimulating hormone, and hCG are all known to affect Sertoli cell development and male reproductive health. FSH is required for Sertoli cell mitogen, which stimulates the expression of various cell markers. Once fully differentiated, the Sertoli cell is considered terminally differentiated, and is unable to proliferate. Therefore, once spermatogenesis has begun, no more Sertoli cells are created, and their population within the seminiferous tubules is finite. Recently, however, scientists have found a way to induce Sertoli cells to a juvenile proliferative phenotype outside of the body. This gives rise to the possibility of repairing some defects of testicular niche cells which may cause male infertility. Function Because its main function is to nourish developing sperm cells through the stages of spermatogenesis, the Sertoli cell has also been called the \"mother\" or \"nurse\" cell. Sertoli cells also act as phagocytes, consuming the residual cytoplasm during spermatogenesis. Translocation of cells from the basal lamina", "title": "Sertoli cell" }, { "docid": "25416659", "text": "Mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT), sometimes called mitochondrial donation, is the replacement of mitochondria in one or more cells to prevent or ameliorate disease. MRT originated as a special form of in vitro fertilisation in which some or all of the future baby's mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) comes from a third party. This technique is used in cases when mothers carry genes for mitochondrial diseases. The therapy is approved for use in the United Kingdom. A second application is to use autologous mitochondria to replace mitochondria in damaged tissue to restore the tissue to a functional state. This has been used in clinical research in the United States to treat cardiac-compromised newborns. Medical uses In vitro fertilisation Mitochondrial replacement therapy has been used to prevent the transmission of mitochondrial diseases from mother to child; it could only be performed in clinics licensed by the UK's Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA), only for people individually approved by the HFEA, for whom preimplantation genetic diagnosis is unlikely to be helpful, and only with informed consent that the risks and benefits are not well understood. Relevant mutations are found in about 0.5% of the population and disease affects around one in 5000 individuals (0.02%)—the percentage of people affected is much smaller because cells contain many mitochondria, only some of which carry mutations, and the number of mutated mitochondria need to reach a threshold in order to affect the entire cell, and many cells need to be affected for the person to show disease. The average number of births per year among women at risk for transmitting mtDNA disease is estimated to approximately 150 in the United Kingdom and 800 in the United States. Prior to the development of MRT, and in places where it is not legal or feasible, the reproductive options for women who are at risk for transmitting mtDNA disease and who want to prevent transmission were using an egg from another woman, adoption, or childlessness. Tissue function Autologous mitochondria extracted from healthy tissue and supplied to damaged tissue has been used to treat cardiac-compromised newborns. Alternatives to the approach include use of an extracorporeal membrane oxygenator (ECMO) or tissue or organ transplantation. Techniques In vitro fertilization involves removing eggs from a woman, collecting sperm from a man, fertilizing the egg with the sperm, allowing the fertilized egg to form a blastocyst, and then transferring the blastocyst into the uterus. MRT involves an additional egg from a third person, and manipulation of both the recipient egg and the donor egg. As of 2016 there were three MRT techniques in use: maternal spindle transfer (MST); pronuclear transfer (PNT); and the newest technique, polar body transfer (PBT). The original technique, in which mitochondria-containing cytoplasm taken from a donor egg is simply injected into the recipient egg, is no longer used. In maternal spindle transfer, an oocyte is removed from the recipient, and when it is in the metaphase II stage of cell division, the spindle-chromosome complex is removed; some of the cytoplasm comes with", "title": "Mitochondrial replacement therapy" }, { "docid": "8958908", "text": "The maxima clam (Tridacna maxima), also known as the small giant clam, is a species of bivalve mollusc found throughout the Indo-Pacific region. They are much sought after in the aquarium trade, as their often striking coloration mimics that of the true giant clam; however, the maximas maintain a manageable size, with the shells of large specimens typically not exceeding in length. Description Bivalves have two valves on the mantle. These siphon water through the body to extract oxygen from the water using the gills and to feed on algae. The maxima is less than one-third the size of the true giant clam (Tridacna gigas). Shell Adults develop a large shell that adheres to the substrate by its byssus, a tuft of long, tough filaments that protrude from a hole next to the hinge. Mantle When open, the bright blue, green or brown mantle is exposed and obscures the edges of the shell which have prominent, distinctive furrows. The attractive colours of the small giant clam are the result of crystalline pigment cells. These are thought to protect the clam from the effects of intense sunlight, or bundle light to enhance the algae's photosynthesis. Maxima produce the color white in their mantle by clustering red, blue and green cells, while individual T. derasa cells are themselves multi-colored. Distribution and habitat The small giant clam has the widest range of all giant clam species. It is found in the oceans surrounding East Africa, India, China, Australia, Southeast Asia, the Red Sea, and the islands of the Pacific. Found living on the surface of reefs or sand, or partly embedded in coral, the small giant clam occupies well-lit areas, due to its symbiotic relationship with photosynthetic algae, which require sunlight for energy production. Biology A sessile mollusc, the small giant clam attaches itself to rocks or dead coral and siphons water through its body, filtering it for phytoplankton, as well as extracting oxygen with its gills. However, it does not need to filter-feed as much as other clams since it obtains most of the nutrients it requires from tiny photosynthetic algae known as zooxanthellae. Beginning life as a tiny fertilised egg, the small giant clam hatches within 12 hours, becoming a free-swimming larva. This larva then develops into another, more developed, larva which is capable of filter-feeding. At the third larval stage, a foot develops, allowing the larva to alternately swim and rest on the substrate. After eight to ten days, the larva metamorphoses into a juvenile clam, at which point it can acquire zooxanthellae and function symbiotically. The juvenile matures into a male clam after two or three years, becoming a hermaphrodite when larger (at around 15 centimetres in length). Reproduction is stimulated by the lunar cycle, the time of day, and the presence of other eggs and sperm in the water. Hermaphroditic clams release their sperm first followed later by their eggs, thereby avoiding self-fertilisation. Conservation The species is protected under Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in", "title": "Maxima clam" }, { "docid": "2395972", "text": "A sustentacular cell is a type of cell primarily associated with structural support, they can be found in various tissues. Sustentacular cells of the olfactory epithelium (also called supporting cells or Sertoli cells) have been shown to be involved in the phagocytosis of dead neurons, odorant transformation and xenobiotic metabolism. One type of sustentacular cell is the Sertoli cell, in the testicle. It is located in the walls of the seminiferous tubules and supplies nutrients to sperm. They are responsible for the differentiation of spermatids, the maintenance of the blood-testis barrier, and the secretion of inhibin, androgen-binding protein and Müllerian-inhibiting factor. The organ of Corti in the inner ear and taste buds also contain sustentacular cells. Another type of sustentacular cell is found with glomus cells of the carotid and aortic bodies. About 40% of carcinoids have a scattering of sustentacular cells, which stain positive for S-100. References Human cells Olfactory system", "title": "Sustentacular cell" }, { "docid": "95250", "text": "Development of the human body is the process of growth to maturity. The process begins with fertilization, where an egg released from the ovary of a female is penetrated by a sperm cell from a male. The resulting zygote develops through mitosis and cell differentiation, and the resulting embryo then implants in the uterus, where the embryo continues development through a fetal stage until birth. Further growth and development continues after birth, and includes both physical and psychological development that is influenced by genetic, hormonal, environmental and other factors. This continues throughout life: through childhood and adolescence into adulthood. Before birth Development before birth, or prenatal development () is the process in which a zygote, and later an embryo, and then a fetus develops during gestation. Prenatal development starts with fertilization and the formation of the zygote, the first stage in embryonic development which continues in fetal development until birth. Fertilization Fertilization occurs when the sperm successfully enters the ovum's membrane. The chromosomes of the sperm are passed into the egg to form a unique genome. The egg becomes a zygote and the germinal stage of embryonic development begins. The germinal stage refers to the time from fertilization, through the development of the early embryo, up until implantation. The germinal stage is over at about 10 days of gestation. The zygote contains a full complement of genetic material with all the biological characteristics of a single human being, and develops into the embryo. Embryonic development has four stages: the morula stage, the blastula stage, the gastrula stage, and the neurula stage. Prior to implantation, the embryo remains in a protein shell, the zona pellucida, and undergoes a series of rapid mitotic cell divisions called cleavage. A week after fertilization the embryo still has not grown in size, but hatches from the zona pellucida and adheres to the lining of the mother's uterus. This induces a decidual reaction, wherein the uterine cells proliferate and surround the embryo thus causing it to become embedded within the uterine tissue. The embryo, meanwhile, proliferates and develops both into embryonic and extra-embryonic tissue, the latter forming the fetal membranes and the placenta. In humans, the embryo is referred to as a fetus in the later stages of prenatal development. The transition from embryo to fetus is arbitrarily defined as occurring 8 weeks after fertilization. In comparison to the embryo, the fetus has more recognizable external features and a set of progressively developing internal organs. A nearly identical process occurs in other species. Embryonic development Human embryonic development refers to the development and formation of the human embryo. It is characterised by the process of cell division and cellular differentiation of the embryo that occurs during the early stages of development. In biological terms, human development entails growth from a one-celled zygote to an adult human being. Fertilization occurs when the sperm cell successfully enters and fuses with an egg cell (ovum). The genetic material of the sperm and egg then combine to form a single", "title": "Development of the human body" }, { "docid": "40254078", "text": "Most insects reproduce oviparously, i.e. by laying eggs. The eggs are produced by the female in a pair of ovaries. Sperm, produced by the male in one testicle or more commonly two, is transmitted to the female during mating by means of external genitalia. The sperm is stored within the female in one or more spermathecae. At the time of fertilization, the eggs travel along oviducts to be fertilized by the sperm and are then expelled from the body (\"laid\"), in most cases via an ovipositor. Internal Female Female insects are able to make eggs, receive and store sperm, manipulate sperm from different males, and lay eggs. Their reproductive systems are made up of a pair of ovaries, accessory glands, one or more spermathecae, and ducts connecting these parts. The ovaries make eggs and accessory glands produce the substances to help package and lay the eggs. Spermathecae store sperm for varying periods of time and, along with portions of the oviducts, can control sperm use. The ducts and spermathecae are lined with a cuticle. The ovaries are made up of a number of egg tubes, called ovarioles, which vary in size and number by species. The number of eggs that the insect is able to make varies according to the number of ovarioles, with the rate at which eggs develop being also influenced by ovariole design. In meroistic ovaries, the eggs-to-be divide repeatedly and most of the daughter cells become helper cells for a single oocyte in the cluster. In panoistic ovaries, each egg-to-be produced by stem germ cells develops into an oocyte; there are no helper cells from the germ line. Production of eggs by panoistic ovaries tends to be slower than that by meroistic ovaries. Accessory glands or glandular parts of the oviducts produce a variety of substances for sperm maintenance, transport, and fertilization, as well as for protection of eggs. They can produce glue and protective substances for coating eggs or tough coverings for a batch of eggs called oothecae. Spermathecae are tubes or sacs in which sperm can be stored between the time of mating and the time an egg is fertilized. Paternity testing of insects has revealed that some, and probably many, female insects use the spermatheca and various ducts to control or bias sperm used in favor of some males over others. Male The main component of the male reproductive system is the testicle, suspended in the body cavity by tracheae and the fat body. The more primitive apterygote insects have a single testis, and in some lepidopterans the two maturing testes are secondarily fused into one structure during the later stages of larval development, although the ducts leading from them remain separate. However, most male insects have a pair of testes, inside of which are sperm tubes or follicles that are enclosed within a membranous sac. The follicles connect to the vas eferens by the vas defferens, and the two tubular vasa deferentia connect to a median ejaculatory duct that leads to the", "title": "Insect reproductive system" }, { "docid": "43118", "text": "The cilium (: cilia; ) is a membrane-bound organelle found on most types of eukaryotic cell. Cilia are absent in bacteria and archaea. The cilium has the shape of a slender threadlike projection that extends from the surface of the much larger cell body. Eukaryotic flagella found on sperm cells and many protozoans have a similar structure to motile cilia that enables swimming through liquids; they are longer than cilia and have a different undulating motion. There are two major classes of cilia: motile and non-motile cilia, each with a subtype, giving four types in all. A cell will typically have one primary cilium or many motile cilia. The structure of the cilium core called the axoneme determines the cilium class. Most motile cilia have a central pair of single microtubules surrounded by nine pairs of double microtubules called a 9+2 axoneme. Most non-motile cilia have a 9+0 axoneme that lacks the central pair of microtubules. Also lacking are the associated components that enable motility including the outer and inner dynein arms, and radial spokes. Some motile cilia lack the central pair, and some non-motile cilia have the central pair, hence the four types. Most non-motile cilia are termed primary cilia or sensory cilia and serve solely as sensory organelles. Most vertebrate cell types possess a single non-motile primary cilium, which functions as a cellular antenna. Olfactory neurons possess a great many non-motile cilia. Non-motile cilia that have a central pair of microtubules are the kinocilia present on hair cells. Motile cilia are found in large numbers on respiratory epithelial cells – around 200 cilia per cell, where they function in mucociliary clearance, and also have mechanosensory and chemosensory functions. Motile cilia on ependymal cells move the cerebrospinal fluid through the ventricular system of the brain. Motile cilia are also present in the oviducts (fallopian tubes) of female (therian) mammals where they function in moving the egg cell from the ovary to the uterus. Motile cilia that lack the central pair of microtubules are the cells of the embryonic primitive node termed nodal cells and these nodal cilia are responsible for the left-right asymmetry in bilateral animals. Structure A cilium is assembled and built from a basal body on the cell surface. From the basal body, the ciliary rootlet forms ahead of the transition plate and transition zone where the earlier microtubule triplets change to the microtubule doublets of the axoneme. Basal body The foundation of the cilium is the basal body, a term applied to the mother centriole when it is associated with a cilium. Mammalian basal bodies consist of a barrel of nine triplet microtubules, subdistal appendages and nine strut-like structures, known as distal appendages, which attach the basal body to the membrane at the base of the cilium. Two of each of the basal body's triplet microtubules extend during growth of the axoneme to become the doublet microtubules. Ciliary rootlet The ciliary rootlet is a cytoskeleton-like structure that originates from the basal body at the proximal end", "title": "Cilium" }, { "docid": "42532208", "text": "Parthenogenesis is a mode of asexual reproduction in which offspring are produced by females without the genetic contribution of a male. Among all the sexual vertebrates, the only examples of true parthenogenesis, in which all-female populations reproduce without the involvement of males, are found in squamate reptiles (snakes and lizards). There are about 50 species of lizard and 1 species of snake that reproduce solely through parthenogenesis (obligate parthenogenesis). It is unknown how many sexually reproducing species are also capable of parthenogenesis in the absence of males (facultative parthenogenesis), but recent research has revealed that this ability is widespread among squamates. Mechanisms Parthenogenesis can result from either full cloning of the mother's genome, or through the combination of haploid genomes to create a \"half-clone\". Both mechanisms of parthenogenesis are seen in reptiles. Full-cloning Females can produce full clones of themselves through a modification of the normal meiosis process used to produce haploid egg cells for sexual reproduction. The female's germ cells undergo a process of premeiotic genome doubling, or endoreduplication, so that two consecutive division cycles in the process of meiosis result in a diploid, rather than haploid, genome. Whereas homologous chromosomes pair and separate during meiosis I in sexual species, identical duplicate sister chromosomes, produced through premeiotic replication, pair and separate during meiosis I in true parthenotes. Pairing of identical sister chromosomes, in comparison to the alternative of pairing homologous chromosomes, maintains heterozygosity in obligate parthenotes. Meiosis II involves the separation of sister chromatids in both sexual and parthenogenetic species. This method of parthenogenesis is observed in obligate parthenotes, such as lizards in the genus Aspidoscelis and Darevskia, and also in certain facultative parthenotes like the Burmese python. Half-cloning Another mechanism typically observed in facultative parthenote reptiles is terminal fusion, in which a haploid polar body produced as a byproduct of normal female meiosis fuses with the egg cell to form a diploid nucleus, much as a haploid sperm cell fuses its nucleus with that of an egg cell to form a diploid genome during sexual reproduction. This method of parthenogenesis produces offspring that are homozygous at nearly all genetic loci, and inherit approximately half of their mother's genetic diversity. This form of parthenogenesis can produce male as well as WW-genotype females. Because the meiosis process proceeds normally in species employing this mechanism, they are capable of both sexual and asexual reproduction, as in the Komodo dragon and several species of snakes. Types of parthenogenesis True parthenogenesis \"True\" parthenogenesis is a form of asexual reproduction in all-female species that produce offspring without any male involvement. Lizards There are at least eight parthenogenetic species of Caucasian rock lizard in the genus Darevskia. This genus is unique in containing the only known monoclonal parthenogenetic species, Darevskia rostombekovi, where the entire species originates from a single hybridization event. In all other cases of unisexual reptilian species that have been examined, multiple separate asexual lineages are present. As true parthenotes, Darevskia do not require stimulation from sperm to reproduce. The best-known and perhaps", "title": "Parthenogenesis in squamates" }, { "docid": "1150680", "text": "A germline mutation, or germinal mutation, is any detectable variation within germ cells (cells that, when fully developed, become sperm and ova). Mutations in these cells are the only mutations that can be passed on to offspring, when either a mutated sperm or oocyte come together to form a zygote. After this fertilization event occurs, germ cells divide rapidly to produce all of the cells in the body, causing this mutation to be present in every somatic and germline cell in the offspring; this is also known as a constitutional mutation. Germline mutation is distinct from somatic mutation. Germline mutations can be caused by a variety of endogenous (internal) and exogenous (external) factors, and can occur throughout zygote development. A mutation that arises only in germ cells can result in offspring with a genetic condition that is not present in either parent; this is because the mutation is not present in the rest of the parents' body, only the germline. When mutagenesis occurs Germline mutations can occur before fertilization and during various stages of zygote development. When the mutation arises will determine the effect it has on offspring. If the mutation arises in either the sperm or the oocyte before development, then the mutation will be present in every cell in the individual's body. A mutation that arises soon after fertilization, but before germline and somatic cells are determined, then the mutation will be present in a large proportion of the individual's cell with no bias towards germline or somatic cells, this is also called a gonosomal mutation. A mutation that arises later in zygote development will be present in a small subset of either somatic or germline cells, but not both. Causes Endogenous factors A germline mutation often arises due to endogenous factors, like errors in cellular replication and oxidative damage. This damage is rarely repaired imperfectly, but due to the high rate of germ cell division, can occur frequently. Endogenous mutations are more prominent in sperm than in ova. This is because spermatocytes go through a larger number of cell divisions throughout a male's life, resulting in more replication cycles that could result in a DNA mutation. Errors in maternal ovum also occur, but at a lower rate than in paternal sperm. The types of mutations that occur also tend to vary between the sexes. A mother's eggs, after production, remain in stasis until each is utilized in ovulation. This long stasis period has been shown to result in a higher number of chromosomal and large sequence deletions, duplications, insertions, and transversions. The father's sperm, on the other hand, undergoes continuous replication throughout his lifetime, resulting in many small point mutations that result from errors in replication. These mutations commonly include single base pair substitutions, deletions, and insertions. Oxidative damage is another endogenous factor that can cause germline mutations. This type of damage is caused by reactive oxygen species that build up in the cell as a by-product of cellular respiration. These reactive oxygen species are missing an", "title": "Germline mutation" }, { "docid": "14932478", "text": "Testicular Immunology is the study of the immune system within the testis. It includes an investigation of the effects of infection, inflammation and immune factors on testicular function. Two unique characteristics of testicular immunology are evident: (1) the testis is described as an immunologically privileged site, where suppression of immune responses occurs; and, (2) some factors which normally lead to inflammation are present at high levels in the testis, where they regulate the development of sperm instead of promoting inflammation. History of testicular immunology 460-377 BC Hippocrates described testicular inflammation associated with mumps 1785 Hunter and Michaelis performed transplant experiments in domestic chickens 1849 Berthold transplanted testes between roosters and showed maintenance of male sex characteristics only in birds with successfully grafted testes 1899-1900 Sperm recognized as immunogenic (will cause an autoimmune reaction if transplanted from the testis into a different area of the body) by Landsteiner (1899) and Metchinikoff, (1900) 1913-1914 Human testis transplants performed by Lespinasse (1913), and Lydson (1914) who performed a graft on himself! 1954 Discovery that sperm autoantibodies contribute to infertility, 1977 Billingham recognized that the testis is site of immune privilege Immune cells found in the testis Immune cells of the human testis are not as well characterized as those from rodents, due to the rarity of normal human testes available for experiment. The majority of experiments have studied the rat testis due to its convenience: it is of relatively large size and is easily extracted from experimental animals. Macrophages Macrophages are directly involved in the fight against invading micro-organisms as well as being antigen-presenting cells which activate lymphocytes. Early studies demonstrated the presence of macrophages in the rat testis Testicular macrophages are the largest population of immune cells in the rodent testis. Macrophages have also been found in the testes of humans, guinea pigs, hamsters, boars, horses and bulls. They originate from blood monocytes which move into the testis then mature into macrophages. In the rat, testicular macrophages have been described as either “resident” or “newly arrived” from the blood supply. It is likely that most of the adult population of testicular macrophages in adult rats are a result of very rapid proliferation of early precursors that entered the testis during postnatal maturation Testicular macrophages can respond to infectious stimuli and become activated (undergo changes enabling the killing of the invading micro-organism), but do so to a lesser extent than other types of macrophages. An example is production of the inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL-1β by activated rat testicular macrophages: these macrophages produce significantly less TNFα and IL-1β than activated rat peritoneal macrophages. Aside from responding to infectious stimuli, testicular macrophages are also involved in maintaining normal testis function. They have been shown to secrete 25-hydroxycholesterol, a sterol that can be converted to testosterone by Leydig cells. Their presence is necessary for the normal development and function of the Leydig cells, which are the testosterone-producing cells of the testis. B-Lymphocytes B-lymphocytes take part in the adaptive immune response and produce antibodies. These cells", "title": "Testicular immunology" }, { "docid": "1474542", "text": "In developmental biology, animal embryonic development, also known as animal embryogenesis, is the developmental stage of an animal embryo. Embryonic development starts with the fertilization of an egg cell (ovum) by a sperm cell, (spermatozoon). Once fertilized, the ovum becomes a single diploid cell known as a zygote. The zygote undergoes mitotic divisions with no significant growth (a process known as cleavage) and cellular differentiation, leading to development of a multicellular embryo after passing through an organizational checkpoint during mid-embryogenesis. In mammals, the term refers chiefly to the early stages of prenatal development, whereas the terms fetus and fetal development describe later stages. The main stages of animal embryonic development are as follows: The zygote undergoes a series of cell divisions (called cleavage) to form a structure called a morula. The morula develops into a structure called a blastula through a process called blastulation. The blastula develops into a structure called a gastrula through a process called gastrulation. The gastrula then undergoes further development, including the formation of organs (organogenesis). The embryo then transforms into the next stage of development, the nature of which varies between different animal species (examples of possible next stages include a fetus and a larva). Fertilization and the zygote The egg cell is generally asymmetric, having an animal pole (future ectoderm). It is covered with protective envelopes, with different layers. The first envelope – the one in contact with the membrane of the egg – is made of glycoproteins and is known as the vitelline membrane (zona pellucida in mammals). Different taxa show different cellular and acellular envelopes englobing the vitelline membrane. Fertilization is the fusion of gametes to produce a new organism. In animals, the process involves a sperm fusing with an ovum, which eventually leads to the development of an embryo. Depending on the animal species, the process can occur within the body of the female in internal fertilization, or outside in the case of external fertilization. The fertilized egg cell is known as the zygote. To prevent more than one sperm fertilizing the egg (polyspermy), fast block and slow block to polyspermy are used. Fast block, the membrane potential rapidly depolarizing and then returning to normal, happens immediately after an egg is fertilized by a single sperm. Slow block begins in the first few seconds after fertilization and is when the release of calcium causes the cortical reaction, in which various enzymes are released from cortical granules in the eggs plasma membrane, causing the expansion and hardening of the outside membrane, preventing more sperm from entering. Cleavage and morula Cell division with no significant growth, producing a cluster of cells that is the same size as the original zygote, is called cleavage. At least four initial cell divisions occur, resulting in a dense ball of at least sixteen cells called the morula. In the early mouse embryo, the sister cells of each division remain connected during interphase by microtubule bridges. The different cells derived from cleavage, up to the blastula stage, are", "title": "Animal embryonic development" }, { "docid": "8919157", "text": "Icerya purchasi (common name: cottony cushion scale) is a scale insect that feeds on more than 80 families of woody plants, most notably on Citrus and Pittosporum. Originally described in 1878 from specimens collected in New Zealand as pests of kangaroo acacia and named by W.M. Maskell \"after the Rev. Dr. Purchas who, [he] believe[d], first found it\", it is now found worldwide where citrus crops are grown. The cottony cushion scale originates from Australia. Life cycle This scale infests twigs and branches. The mature hermaphrodite is oval in shape, reddish-brown with black hairs, 5 mm long. When mature, the insect remains stationary, attaches itself to the plant by waxy secretions, and produces a white egg sac in grooves, by extrusion, in the body which encases hundreds of red eggs. The egg sac will grow to be two to three times as long as the body. Newly hatched nymphs are the primary dispersal stage, with dispersion known to occur by wind and by crawling. Early stage nymphs feed from the midrib veins of leaves and small twigs, and do the bulk of the damage. At each molt, they leave at the old feeding point the former skin and the waxy secretions in which they had covered themselves and from which their common name is derived. Unlike many other scale insects, they retain legs and a limited mobility in all life stages. Older nymphs migrate to larger twigs and eventually as adults to branches and the trunk. Their life cycle is highly temperature-dependent, as the length of time in each stage of life is longer in cold temperatures than high temperatures. In addition to the direct damage from sap sucking, the insects also secrete honeydew, on which sooty mold often grows and causes further damage to the host plant. Some ants will also consume this honeydew. Reproduction Males are rare in hermaphroditic species of Icerya. Males are haploid while females are diploid. Females have an ovitestis that is capable of producing both sperm and oocytes which fertilize internally to produce diploid offspring (females) through a form of hermaphroditism. The cells of the ovitestis are haploid and are derived from excess sperm during matings with males. This has been termed as 'parasitic tissue' and theoretical studies have examined this as a form of sexual conflict and have examined the possible fates and fitness consequences since females can produce daughters by mating with males or using their parasitic male cell lines. Females that lack ovitestes may preferentially invest in producing sons while females with parasitic tissue should prefer to pass on the genetic material through daughters. True males are uncommon to rare overall, and in many infestations are not present. Pure females are unknown. Self-fertilization by a hermaphrodite will produce only hermaphrodites. Matings of a male and hermaphrodite will produce both males and hermaphrodites. Biological control Icerya purchasi is important as one of the first major successes of biological control. Importations of the vedalia ladybird (Novius cardinalis) in 1888-1889 by C. V. Riley,", "title": "Icerya purchasi" }, { "docid": "347613", "text": "A germ cell is any cell that gives rise to the gametes of an organism that reproduces sexually. In many animals, the germ cells originate in the primitive streak and migrate via the gut of an embryo to the developing gonads. There, they undergo meiosis, followed by cellular differentiation into mature gametes, either eggs or sperm. Unlike animals, plants do not have germ cells designated in early development. Instead, germ cells can arise from somatic cells in the adult, such as the floral meristem of flowering plants. Introduction Multicellular eukaryotes are made of two fundamental cell types: germ and somatic. Germ cells produce gametes and are the only cells that can undergo meiosis as well as mitosis. Somatic cells are all the other cells that form the building blocks of the body and they only divide by mitosis. The lineage of germ cells is called the germline. Germ cell specification begins during cleavage in many animals or in the epiblast during gastrulation in birds and mammals. After transport, involving passive movements and active migration, germ cells arrive at the developing gonads. In humans, sexual differentiation starts approximately 6 weeks after conception. The end-products of the germ cell cycle are the egg or sperm. Under special conditions in vitro germ cells can acquire properties similar to those of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). The underlying mechanism of that change is still unknown. These changed cells are then called embryonic germ cells. Both cell types are pluripotent in vitro, but only ESCs have proven pluripotency in vivo. Recent studies have demonstrated that it is possible to give rise to primordial germ cells from ESCs. Specification There are two mechanisms to establish the germ cell lineage in the embryo. The first way is called preformistic and involves that the cells destined to become germ cells inherit the specific germ cell determinants present in the germ plasm (specific area of the cytoplasm) of the egg (ovum). The unfertilized egg of most animals is asymmetrical: different regions of the cytoplasm contain different amounts of mRNA and proteins. The second way is found in mammals, where germ cells are not specified by such determinants but by signals controlled by zygotic genes. In mammals, a few cells of the early embryo are induced by signals of neighboring cells to become primordial germ cells. Mammalian eggs are somewhat symmetrical and after the first divisions of the fertilized egg, the produced cells are all totipotent. This means that they can differentiate in any cell type in the body and thus germ cells. Specification of primordial germ cells in the laboratory mouse is initiated by high levels of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, which activates expression of the transcription factors Blimp-1/Prdm1 and Prdm14. It is speculated that induction was the ancestral mechanism, and that the preformistic, or inheritance, mechanism of germ cell establishment arose from convergent evolution. There are several key differences between these two mechanisms that may provide reasoning for the evolution of germ plasm inheritance. One difference is that", "title": "Germ cell" }, { "docid": "7115286", "text": "An asymmetric cell division produces two daughter cells with different cellular fates. This is in contrast to symmetric cell divisions which give rise to daughter cells of equivalent fates. Notably, stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to two distinct daughter cells: one copy of the original stem cell as well as a second daughter programmed to differentiate into a non-stem cell fate. (In times of growth or regeneration, stem cells can also divide symmetrically, to produce two identical copies of the original cell.) In principle, there are two mechanisms by which distinct properties may be conferred on the daughters of a dividing cell. In one, the daughter cells are initially equivalent but a difference is induced by signaling between the cells, from surrounding cells, or from the precursor cell. This mechanism is known as extrinsic asymmetric cell division. In the second mechanism, the prospective daughter cells are inherently different at the time of division of the mother cell. Because this latter mechanism does not depend on interactions of cells with each other or with their environment, it must rely on intrinsic asymmetry. The term asymmetric cell division usually refers to such intrinsic asymmetric divisions. Intrinsic asymmetry In order for asymmetric division to take place the mother cell must be polarized, and the mitotic spindle must be aligned with the axis of polarity. The cell biology of these events has been most studied in three animal models: the mouse, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. A later focus has been on development in spiralia. In C. elegans development In C. elegans, a series of asymmetric cell divisions in the early embryo are critical in setting up the anterior/posterior, dorsal/ventral, and left/right axes of the body plan. After fertilization, events are already occurring in the zygote to allow for the first asymmetric cell division. This first division produces two distinctly different blastomeres, termed AB and P1. When the sperm cell fertilizes the egg cell, the sperm pronucleus and centrosomes are deposited within the egg, which causes a cytoplasmic flux resulting in the movement of the pronucleus and centrosomes towards one pole. The centrosomes deposited by the sperm are responsible for the establishment of the posterior pole within the zygote. Sperm with mutant or absent centrosomes fail to establish a posterior pole. The establishment of this polarity initiates the polarized distribution of a group of proteins present in the zygote called the PAR proteins (partitioning defective), which are a conserved group of proteins that function in establishing cell polarity during development. These proteins are initially distributed uniformly throughout the zygote and then become polarized with the creation of the posterior pole. This series of events allows the single celled zygote to obtain polarity through an unequal distribution of multiple factors. The single cell is now set up to undergo an asymmetric cell division, however the orientation in which the division occurs is also an important factor. The mitotic spindle must be oriented correctly to ensure that the proper", "title": "Asymmetric cell division" }, { "docid": "8076626", "text": "Dictyotales () is a large order in the brown algae (class Phaeophyceae) containing the single family Dictyotaceae. Members of this order generally prefer warmer (tropical to subtropical) waters than other brown algae, and are prevalent in tropical and subtropical waters thanks to their many chemical defenses to ward off grazers. They display an isomorphic haplodiploid life cycle and are characterized by vegetative growth through a single apical cell. One genus in this order, Padina, is the only calcareous member of the brown algae. Biology Dictyotales are an order of brown algae (Phaeophyceae), a lineage of multicellular photosynthetic protists composed by a thallus that has a certain level of tissue differentiation. The reference organism of Dictyotales used to study their general characteristics is Dictyota dichotoma. Vegetative growth Dictyotales are composed of flattened, parenchymatous thalli. They display apical growth: a single apical cell forms the flattened thallus, the vegetative part of the organism, through mitosis. The mature thallus is composed of three layers: one middle layer of large cells lacking chloroplasts, surrounded by two layers of small cells packed densely with chloroplasts lacking pyrenoids. Some taxa exhibit blue-green iridescence when submerged. Some species of Dictyopteris and Spatoglossum have cellular vacuoles with very low pH (between 0.5 and 0.9). Life cycle and reproduction Dictyotales displays, like other brown algae, an isomorphic alternation of two generations: the gametophytes (the haploid generation), which generate gametes through mitosis; and the sporophytes (the diploid generation), which generate spores through meiosis, both of them similar in shape and structure. The gametophytes form sex organs (female oogonia and male antheridia) in sori. Both sex organs develop from surface cells. The reproduction is oogamous, with a small and mobile male gamete (sperm cell) and a big immobile female gamete (egg cell). The female sori, deep-brown in color, usually have 25–50 oogonia, with sterile oogonia localized at the margin. To develop an oogonium, a surface cell divides into a stalk cell and the oogonium proper. Each oogonium produces one egg cell that is released through a gelatinized apex in its wall. The male sori, resembling white glistening spots, are surrounded by elongated sterile cells regarded as undeveloped antheridia. They can be recognized early in their development due to the disintegration of chloroplasts in their cells. To develop an antheridium, the surface cells enlarge and divide horizontally into a stalk cell and a primary spermatogenous cell, which in turn divides vertically and horizontally into 650–1500 compartments or locules, each producing one sperm cell. Each sperm cell is pear-shaped, with an anterior eyespot and only one flagellum inserted laterally, although two basal bodies are present, indicating an origin from a biflagellate ancestor. They are released from the antheridium through dissolution of the walls. The egg cell secretes a pheromone, dictyotene, to attract the sperm cell. After the fertilization between the two gametes, the resulting diploid zygote grows into the sporophyte generation. On their surface, modified sporangia typically produce through meiosis four haploid non-flagellated aplanospores, but a few genera produce eight spores per sporangium", "title": "Dictyotales" }, { "docid": "3607962", "text": "A polar body is a small haploid cell that is formed at the same time as an egg cell during oogenesis, but generally does not have the ability to be fertilized. It is named from its polar position in the egg. When certain diploid cells in animals undergo cytokinesis after meiosis to produce egg cells, they sometimes divide unevenly. Most of the cytoplasm is segregated into one daughter cell, which becomes the egg or ovum, while the smaller polar bodies only get a small amount of cytoplasm. They frequently die and disintegrate by apoptosis, but in some cases remain and can be important in the life cycle of the organism. Twinning Polar body twinning is a hypothesized form of twinning in meiosis, where one or more polar bodies do not disintegrate and are fertilized by sperm. Twinning would occur, in principle, if the egg cell and a polar body were both fertilized by separate sperms. However, even if fertilization occurs, further development would usually not occur because the zygote formed by the fusion of the sperm and polar body would not have enough cytoplasm or stored nutrients to feed the developing embryo. Polar bodies were first reported in 1824 by Carus in gastropods, but their role was not clarified until the work of Butschli in 1875, Giard in 1876, and finally Hertwig in 1877. These structures were often confused with egg fragments or expelled yolk masses, but were eventually referred to as directional bodies (or Richtungskörper), a term implying the place where the maturation divisions start. The common names \"polocytes\" and \"polar bodies\" derive from their polar position in the eggs. Polar bodies were characterized in the early 20th century, by O. Hertwig, T. Boveri, and E.L. Mark, as non-functioning egg cells which disintegrated because the spermatozoon, with rare exceptions, could not fertilize them and instead chemically triggered their dissolution. Polar bodies serve to eliminate one half of the diploid chromosome set produced by meiotic division in the egg, leaving behind a haploid cell. To produce the polar bodies, the cell must divide asymmetrically, which is fueled by furrowing (formation of a trench) near a particular point on the cell membrane. The presence of chromosomes induces the formation of an actomyosin cortical cap, a myosin II ring structure and a set of spindle fibers, the rotation of which promotes invagination at the edge of the cell membrane and splits the polar body away from the oocyte. Meiotic errors can lead to aneuploidy in the polar bodies, which, in the majority of cases, produces an aneuploid zygote. Errors can occur during either of the two meiotic divisions that produce each polar body, but are more pronounced if they occur during the formation of the first polar body, because the formation of the first polar body influences the chromosomal makeup of the second. For example, predivision (the separation of chromatids before anaphase) in the first polar body can induce the formation of an aneuploid polar body. Therefore, the formation of the first", "title": "Polar body" }, { "docid": "26808371", "text": "Semen cryopreservation (commonly called sperm banking or sperm freezing) is a procedure to preserve sperm cells. Semen can be used successfully indefinitely after cryopreservation. It can be used for sperm donation where the recipient wants the treatment in a different time or place, or as a means of preserving fertility for men undergoing vasectomy or treatments that may compromise their fertility, such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy or surgery. It is also often used by trans women prior to medically transitioning in ways that affect fertility, such as feminizing hormone therapy and orchiectomies. Freezing The most common cryoprotectant used for semen is glycerol (10% in culture medium). Often sucrose or other di-, trisaccharides are added to glycerol solution. Cryoprotectant media may be supplemented with either egg yolk or soy lecithin, with the two having no statistically significant differences compared to each other regarding motility, morphology, ability to bind to hyaluronate in vitro, or DNA integrity after thawing. Additional cryoprotectants can be used to increase sperm viability and fertility rates post-freezing. Treatment of sperm with heparin binding proteins prior to cryopreservation showed decreased cryoinjury and generation of ROS. The addition of nerve growth factor as a cryoprotectant decreases sperm cell death rates and increased motility after thawing. Incorporation of cholesterol into sperm cell membranes with the use of cyclodextrins prior to freezing also increases sperm viability. Semen is frozen using either a controlled-rate, slow-cooling method (slow programmable freezing or SPF) or a newer flash-freezing process known as vitrification. Vitrification gives superior post-thaw motility and cryosurvival than slow programmable freezing. This current technique, invented by the Japanese, is used in the best centers around the world. It is extremely fast (-23000°C/min), so as a result it avoids the appearance of small ice crystals, preventing the \"knife\" effect. Thawing Thawing at 40 °C seems to result in optimal sperm motility. On the other hand, the exact thawing temperature seems to have only minor effect on sperm viability, acrosomal status, ATP content, and DNA. As with freezing, various techniques have been developed for the thawing process, both discussed by Di Santo et al. Refreezing In terms of the level of sperm DNA fragmentation, up to three cycles of freezing and thawing can be performed without causing a level of risk significantly higher than following a single cycle of freezing and thawing. This is provided that samples are refrozen in their original cryoprotectant and are not going through sperm washing or other alteration in between, and provided that they are separated by density gradient centrifugation or swim-up before use in assisted reproduction technology. Effect on quality Some evidence suggests an increase in single-strand breaks, condensation and fragmentation of DNA in sperm after cryopreservation. This can potentially increase the risk of mutations in offspring DNA. Antioxidants and the use of well-controlled cooling regimes could potentially improve outcomes. In long-term follow-up studies, no evidence has been found either of an increase in birth defects or chromosomal abnormalities in people conceived from cryopreserved sperm compared with the general population.", "title": "Semen cryopreservation" }, { "docid": "9629430", "text": "Glucose transporter 3 (or GLUT3), also known as solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 3 (SLC2A3) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC2A3 gene. GLUT3 facilitates the transport of glucose across the plasma membranes of mammalian cells. GLUT3 is most known for its specific expression in neurons and has originally been designated as the neuronal GLUT. GLUT3 has been studied in other cell types with specific glucose requirements, including sperm, preimplantation embryos, circulating white blood cells and carcinoma cell lines. Discovery GLUT3 was the third glucose transporter to be discovered, first cloned in 1988 from a fetal skeletal muscle cell line, using a GLUT1 cDNA probe and shown to share 64.4% identity with GLUT1. Function Although GLUT3 was found to be expressed in various tissues, it is most specifically expressed in neurons, found predominantly in axons and dendrites and also, but less prominently, in the cell body. GLUT3 has at least a fivefold greater transport capacity than GLUT1 or GLUT4, as well as a higher glucose affinity than GLUT1, GLUT2 or GLUT4. This is significant as glucose levels surrounding the neurons are only 1–2 mM, compared to 5–6 mM in the serum. Brain Glucose delivery and utilization in the mammalian brain is mediated primarily by a high molecular weight form of GLUT1 in the blood–brain barrier, GLUT3 in neuronal populations and a less glycosylated form of GLUT1 in the remainder of the parenchyma. GLUT3 is considered the main but not the exclusive neuronal glucose transporter, whereas other glucose transporters have also been observed in neurons. GLUT3 expression in neurons in the rat coincides with maturation and synaptic connectivity and a positive correlation between protein levels of GLUT1, GLUT3 and regional cerebral glucose utilization was observed in mouse. The central role of GLUT3 in cerebral metabolism has been challenged by the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle (ANLS) hypothesis, which proposes that astrocytes play the key role in the coupling of neuronal activity and cerebral glucose utilization. In this hypothesis, the astrocyte, which relies on GLUT1 for glucose transport, is the primary consumer of glucose in the brain, providing lactate as the primary energetic fuel for neurons. However, by modeling the kinetic characteristics and glucose concentrations in neurons and glia, it was concluded that the glucose capacity of neurons via GLUT3 far exceeds that of astrocytes via GLUT1. Additionally, demonstrations of increase in GLUT3 expression associated with increased cerebral glucose utilization provides further confirmation of the central role of GLUT3. Other tissues Expression of GLUT3 is also found in sperm, embryos, white blood cells and carcinoma cell lines. Interactive pathway map References External links Solute carrier family", "title": "GLUT3" }, { "docid": "4948244", "text": "XXYY syndrome is a sex chromosome anomaly in which males have 2 extra chromosomes, one X and one Y chromosome. Human cells usually contain two sex chromosomes, one from the mother and one from the father. Usually, females have two X chromosomes (XX) and males have one X and one Y chromosome (XY). The appearance of at least one Y chromosome with a properly functioning SRY gene makes a male. Therefore, humans with XXYY are genotypically male. Males with XXYY syndrome have 48 chromosomes instead of the typical 46. This is why XXYY syndrome is sometimes written as 48, XXYY syndrome or 48, XXYY. It affects an estimated one in every 18,000–40,000 male births. Presentation Very frequent signs and symptoms of this condition include the following: Cause 48,XXYY syndrome is a condition related to the X and Y chromosomes (the sex chromosomes). People normally have 46 chromosomes in each cell. Two of the 46 chromosomes, known as X and Y, are called sex chromosomes because they help determine whether a person will develop male or female sex characteristics. Females typically have two X chromosomes (46,XX), and males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome (46,XY). 48,XXYY syndrome results from the presence of an extra copy of both sex chromosomes in each of a male's cells (48,XXYY). Extra copies of genes on the X chromosome interfere with male sexual development, preventing the testes from functioning normally and reducing the levels of testosterone. Many genes are found only on the X or Y chromosome, but genes in areas known as the pseudoautosomal regions are present on both sex chromosomes. Extra copies of genes from the pseudoautosomal regions of the extra X and Y chromosome contribute to the signs and symptoms of 48,XXYY syndrome; however, the specific genes have not yet been identified. Genetics The condition 48,XXYY is not inherited; it usually occurs as a random event during the formation of reproductive cells (eggs and sperm). An error in cell division called nondisjunction results in a reproductive cell with an abnormal number of chromosomes. In 48,XXYY syndrome, the extra sex chromosomes almost always comes from a sperm cell. Nondisjunction may cause a sperm cell to gain two extra sex chromosomes, resulting in a sperm cell with three sex chromosomes (one X and two Y chromosomes). If that sperm cell fertilizes a normal egg cell with one X chromosome, the resulting child will have two X chromosomes and two Y chromosomes in each of his body's cells. In a small percentage of cases, 48,XXYY syndrome results from nondisjunction of the sex chromosomes in a 46,XY embryo very soon after fertilization has occurred. This means that a normal sperm cell with one Y chromosome fertilized a normal egg cell with one X chromosome, but right after fertilization, nondisjunction of the sex chromosomes caused the embryo to gain two extra sex chromosomes, resulting in a 48,XXYY embryo. Diagnosis A karyotype is done to diagnose XXYY syndrome. Treatment consists of medications, behavioral therapies, and intensive community", "title": "XXYY syndrome" }, { "docid": "12543181", "text": "A ribonucleoprotein particle (RNP) is a complex formed between RNA and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). The term RNP foci can also be used to denote intracellular compartments involved in processing of RNA transcripts. RNA/RBP complexes RBPs interact with RNA through various structural motifs. Aromatic amino acid residues in RNA-binding proteins result in stacking interactions with RNA. Lysine residues in the helical portion of RNA binding proteins help to stabilize interactions with other nucleic acids as a result of the force of attraction between the positively-charged lysine side chains and the negatively-charged phosphate \"backbone\" of RNA. It is hypothesized that RNA sequences in the 3'-untranslated region determine the binding of RBPs, and that these RBPs determine the post-transcriptional fate of mRNAs. RNP granules RNP granules are a highly diverse group of compartments. These include stress granules, processing bodies, and exosomes in somatic cells. Many RNP granules are cell type and/or species specific. For example, chromatoid bodies are found only in male germ cells, whereas transport granules have so far been found only in neurons and oocytes. RNP granules function mainly by physically separating or associating transcripts with proteins. They function in the storage, processing, degradation and transportation of their associated transcripts. RNP granules have been shown to have particular importance in cells where post-transcriptional regulation is of vital importance. For example, in neurons where transcripts must be transported and stored in dendrites for the formation and strengthening of connections, in oocytes/embryos where mRNAs are stored for years before being translated, and in developing sperm cells where transcription is halted before development is complete. See also Messenger RNP, complex between mRNA and protein(s) present in nucleus Heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein particle, complexes of RNA and protein present in the cell nucleus References Cell biology", "title": "Ribonucleoprotein particle" }, { "docid": "16858498", "text": "ADP/ATP translocase 4 (ANT4) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SLC25A31 gene on chromosome 4. This enzyme inhibits apoptosis by catalyzing ADP/ATP exchange across the mitochondrial membranes and regulating membrane potential. In particular, ANT4 is essential to spermatogenesis, as it imports ATP into sperm mitochondria to support their development and survival. Outside this role, the SLC25AC31 gene has not been implicated in any human disease. Structure The ANT4 protein contains six transmembrane helices, and a homodimer functional unit, which serves as an ADP/ATP channel protein. Unlike the other three ANT isoforms, ANT4 has additional amino acids at its N- and C-terminals. These amino acid sequences may interact with different factors for specialized functions such as localization to sperm flagella. The SLC25A31 gene is composed of 6 exons over a stretch of 44 kbp of DNA. Function The ANT4 protein is a mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier that catalyzes the exchange of ADP and ATP between the mitochondrial matrix and cytoplasm during ATP synthesis. In addition, ANT4 stabilizes the mitochondrial membrane potential and decreases the permeability transition pore complex (PTPC) opening in order to prevent nuclear chromatin fragmentation and resulting cell death. In humans, the protein localizes to the liver, brain and testis, though in adult males, it is expressed primarily in the testis. Studies on Ant4-deficient mice reveal increased apoptosis in the testis leading to infertility, thus indicating that Ant4 is required as for spermatogenesis. In this case, the anti-apoptotic function for ANT4 is attributed to its importing of cytosolic ATP into the mitochondria. In other cells, the isoform ANT2 carries out this role; however, since sperm lack the X chromosome on which the ANT2 gene resides, survival of the sperm is dependent on ANT4. Clinical significance The SLC25A31 enzyme is an important constituent in apoptotic signaling and oxidative stress, most notably as part of the mitochondrial death pathway and cardiac myocyte apoptosis signaling. Programmed cell death is a distinct genetic and biochemical pathway essential to metazoans. An intact death pathway is required for successful embryonic development and the maintenance of normal tissue homeostasis. Apoptosis has proven to be tightly interwoven with other essential cell pathways. The identification of critical control points in the cell death pathway has yielded fundamental insights for basic biology, as well as provided rational targets for new therapeutics a normal embryologic processes, or during cell injury (such as ischemia-reperfusion injury during heart attacks and strokes) or during developments and processes in cancer, an apoptotic cell undergoes structural changes including cell shrinkage, plasma membrane blebbing, nuclear condensation, and fragmentation of the DNA and nucleus. This is followed by fragmentation into apoptotic bodies that are quickly removed by phagocytes, thereby preventing an inflammatory response. It is a mode of cell death defined by characteristic morphological, biochemical and molecular changes. It was first described as a \"shrinkage necrosis\", and then this term was replaced by apoptosis to emphasize its role opposite mitosis in tissue kinetics. In later stages of apoptosis the entire cell becomes fragmented, forming", "title": "ADP/ATP translocase 4" }, { "docid": "1152003", "text": "Hyperactivation is a type of sperm motility. Hyperactivated sperm motility is characterised by a high amplitude, asymmetrical beating pattern of the sperm tail (flagellum). This type of motility may aid in sperm penetration of the zona pellucida, which encloses the ovum. Hyperactivation could then be followed by the acrosome reaction where the cap-like structure on the head of the cell releases the enzymes it contains. This facilitates the penetration of the ovum and fertilisation. Some definitions consider sperm activation to consist of these two processes of hyperactivation and the acrosome reaction. Hyperactivation is a term also used to express an X chromosome gene dosage compensation mechanism and is seen in Drosophila. Here, a complex of proteins bind to the X-linked genes to effectively double their genetic activity. This allows males (XY) to have equal genetic activity as females (XX), whose X's are not hyperactivated. Mechanisms Mammalian sperm cells become more active when they approach an egg cell in a process called sperm activation. Sperm activation has been shown to be caused by calcium ionophores in vitro, progesterone released by nearby cumulus cells and binding to ZP3 of the zona pellucida. The initial change is called \"hyperactivation\", which causes a change in spermatozoa motility. They swim faster and their tail movements become more forceful and erratic. A recent discovery links hyperactivation to a sudden influx of calcium ion into the tails. The whip-like tail (flagellum) of the sperm is studded with ion channels formed by proteins called CatSper. These channels are selective, allowing only calcium ion to pass. The opening of CatSper channels is responsible for the influx of calcium. The sudden rise in calcium levels causes the flagellum to form deeper bends, propelling the sperm more forcefully through the viscous environment. Sperm hyperactivity is necessary for breaking through two physical barriers that protect the egg from fertilization. Hyperactivation has also shown to serve as a feature of the human sperm chemotaxis. When the sperm is exposed to chemo-attractant, especially progesterone; the sperm will exhibit sudden flagellar arrest, followed by sharp turn and hyperactivation. This response suggests that hyperactivation serves as method to quickly guide sperm through chemo-attractant gradient. Importance to fertilization Before reaching the egg, the sperm are often trapped in epithelial cells in a fallopian tube, meaning they are rendered inert unless they undergo hyperactivation. The change in motion and force of the tail movements enable the sperm to escape from the epithelium. Thus, only those sperm which have undergone hyperactivation have the ability to fertilize the egg. Notes See also Capacitation Acrosome reaction Andrology Germ cells Reproductive system Fertility Cell movement", "title": "Hyperactivation" }, { "docid": "12276398", "text": "Human embryonic development or human embryogenesis is the development and formation of the human embryo. It is characterised by the processes of cell division and cellular differentiation of the embryo that occurs during the early stages of development. In biological terms, the development of the human body entails growth from a one-celled zygote to an adult human being. Fertilization occurs when the sperm cell successfully enters and fuses with an egg cell (ovum). The genetic material of the sperm and egg then combine to form the single cell zygote and the germinal stage of development commences. Embryonic development in the human, covers the first eight weeks of development; at the beginning of the ninth week the embryo is termed a fetus. The eight weeks have 23 stages. Human embryology is the study of this development during the first eight weeks after fertilization. The normal period of gestation (pregnancy) is about nine months or 40 weeks. The germinal stage refers to the time from fertilization through the development of the early embryo until implantation is completed in the uterus. The germinal stage takes around 10 days. During this stage, the zygote begins to divide, in a process called cleavage. A blastocyst is then formed and implants in the uterus. Embryogenesis continues with the next stage of gastrulation, when the three germ layers of the embryo form in a process called histogenesis, and the processes of neurulation and organogenesis follow. In comparison to the embryo, the fetus has more recognizable external features and a more complete set of developing organs. The entire process of embryogenesis involves coordinated spatial and temporal changes in gene expression, cell growth and cellular differentiation. A nearly identical process occurs in other species, especially among chordates. Germinal stage Fertilization Fertilization takes place when the spermatozoon has successfully entered the ovum and the two sets of genetic material carried by the gametes fuse together, resulting in the zygote (a single diploid cell). This usually takes place in the ampulla of one of the fallopian tubes. The zygote contains the combined genetic material carried by both the male and female gametes which consists of the 23 chromosomes from the nucleus of the ovum and the 23 chromosomes from the nucleus of the sperm. The 46 chromosomes undergo changes prior to the mitotic division which leads to the formation of the embryo having two cells. Successful fertilization is enabled by three processes, which also act as controls to ensure species-specificity. The first is that of chemotaxis which directs the movement of the sperm towards the ovum. Secondly, an adhesive compatibility between the sperm and the egg occurs. With the sperm adhered to the ovum, the third process of acrosomal reaction takes place; the front part of the spermatozoan head is capped by an acrosome which contains digestive enzymes to break down the zona pellucida and allow its entry. The entry of the sperm causes calcium to be released which blocks entry to other sperm cells. A parallel reaction takes place in", "title": "Human embryonic development" }, { "docid": "14492200", "text": "Sertoli cell-only syndrome (SCOS), also known as germ cell aplasia, is defined by azoospermia where the testicular seminiferous tubules are lined solely with sertoli cells. Sertoli cells contribute to the formation of the blood-testis barrier and aid in sperm generation. These cells respond to follicle-stimulating hormone, which is secreted by the hypothalamus and aids in spermatogenesis. Men often learn they have Sertoli cell-only syndrome between the ages of 20 and 40 when they are checked for infertility and found to produce no sperm. Other signs and symptoms are uncommon, yet in some cases, an underlying cause of SCO syndrome, such as Klinefelter syndrome, may produce other symptoms. Most cases of SCO syndrome are idiopathic, however, causes may include deletions of genetic material on Y-chromosome regions, particularly the azoospermia factor area. Other factors include chemical or toxin exposure, previous exposure to radiation therapy, and a history of severe trauma. A testicular biopsy confirms the diagnosis of SCO syndrome. Although there is no effective treatment at the moment, assisted reproductive technology may help some men with SCO syndrome reproduce. Signs and symptoms Infertility is the most prevalent symptom of Sertoli-cell-only syndrome. Semen examination reveals azoospermia, with sperm density frequently falling to fewer than 1 million sperm per mL. When sperm density falls, the testes exhibit SCO syndrome and hypospermatogenesis. The testes in men with SCO syndrome are normally small to normal in size, with normal form and consistency; though, some patients may have significant atrophy of the testes. The majority of patients with Sertoli cell-only syndrome (up to 90%) have increased FSH levels, which are typically two to three times normal. Causes Sertoli cell-only syndrome does not have a clear origin, however, several theories have been suggested. These include Y-chromosome microdeletions, notably in the azoospermia factor region, chemical or toxin exposure, radiation therapy, or severe testicular injuries. Recent evidence indicates a Y-chromosomal CDY1 deletion in Sertoli cell-only syndrome, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction testing of the DAZ and CDY1 genes could potentially predict this condition as well as assess the possibility of finding any mature spermatozoa for fertility treatment. Pathophysiology Sertoli cell-only syndrome is likely multifactorial, and is characterized by severely reduced or absent spermatogenesis; because of the presence of Sertoli cells alone lining the seminiferous tubules. A substantial subset of men with this uncommon syndrome have microdeletions in the Yq11 region of the Y chromosome, an area known as the AZF (azoospermia factor) region. In particular, sertoli cell only syndrome (SCO) correlates with AZFa microdeletions. It is possible to recognize two types of SCO: SCO type 1 shows total absence of spermatogonia because of an altered migration of primordial germ cells from yolk sac to gonadal ridges; SCO type 2 is instead due to a subsequent damage and shows the presence of rare spermatogonia in a minority of tubules. Diagnosis Sertoli cell-only syndrome is usually initially assessed by conducting two separate semen analyses. Sertoli cell-only disease is frequently characterized by azoospermia which is the complete absence of sperm in semen. A", "title": "Sertoli cell-only syndrome" }, { "docid": "65488933", "text": "Tityus discrepans is a species of scorpion found in northern and north-eastern South America. Description and behavior Tityus discrepans can grow up to 71 mm (males) and 60 mm (females), has a reddish-brown body and pedipalps, and light legs, juveniles can be light yellow-brown, with the rest of the body with black areas. Like several scorpions, it has nocturnal habits, feeds on spiders, forks, cockroaches, butterflies and has even been noted to prey on other scorpions. It is a solitary animal, meeting other members of its species only during the mating season. Range and habitat Tityus discrepans is found in Brazil, Suriname, Venezuela, Guyana and Trinidad and Tobago, inhabits wooded areas, under leaves and rocks, orchids, bromeliads, cracks and bark. This species also occurs in human habitations, where it has already been reported on sheets, clothing and shoes. Reproduction Reproduction can occur at any time and several times a year, the way of reproduction is sexual, the male performs a dance, where it immobilizes the females and takes her to where he deposited the sperm cell (sperm bag). The female can produce 15-30 cubs, which are born fully developed, and are located on the mother's back. Medical significance Tityus discrepans is considered a serious public health problem in Venezuela, being dangerous for all ages, especially children and the elderly, the sting of this species can result in piloerection, dyspnea, excessive salivation, cramps, fever and vomiting. In severe cases, heart failure, pulmonary edema and pancreatitis occur. The venom of this species is composed of 80 types of toxins, 6 of which are Bactridines, which inhibit the sodium channels in the nervous system, and 10 of which are considered dangerous to humans, due to their low molecular weight, it travels quickly through the bloodstream and attacks the heart, lungs and pancreas. References discrepans Scorpions of South America", "title": "Tityus discrepans" }, { "docid": "598423", "text": "The female reproductive system is made up of the internal and external sex organs that function in the reproduction of new offspring. The human female reproductive system is immature at birth and develops to maturity at puberty to be able to produce gametes, and to carry a fetus to full term. The internal sex organs are the vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. The female reproductive tract includes the vagina, uterus, and fallopian tubes and is prone to infections. The vagina allows for sexual intercourse and childbirth, and is connected to the uterus at the cervix. The uterus or womb accommodates the embryo, which develops into the fetus. The uterus also produces secretions, which help the transit of sperm to the fallopian tubes, where sperm fertilize ova (egg cells) produced by the ovaries. The external sex organs are also known as the genitals and these are the organs of the vulva including the labia, clitoris, and vaginal opening. During the menstrual cycle, the ovaries release an ovum, which transits through the fallopian tube into the uterus. If an egg cell meets with sperm on its way to the uterus, a single sperm cell can enter and merge with it, fertilizing it into a zygote. Fertilization usually occurs in the fallopian tubes and marks the beginning of embryogenesis. The zygote will then divide over enough generations of cells to form a blastocyst, which implants itself in the wall of the uterus. This begins the period of gestation and the embryo will continue to develop until full-term. When the fetus has developed enough to survive outside the uterus, the cervix dilates and contractions of the uterus propel the newborn through the birth canal (the vagina). The corresponding equivalent among males is the male reproductive system. External genitalia Vulva The vulva is of all of the external parts and tissues and includes the following: Clitoris: an organ located at the top of the vulva. It consists of the body and its pea-shaped glans that is protected by the clitoral hood. The corpora cavernosa are tissues of the clitoris that aid in erection by filling with blood during sexual arousal. Labia: two types of vertical folds of skin called the labia majora (thick and large outer folds that protect other parts of the vulva) and the labia minora (thin and small inner folds that protect the vestibule from dryness, infections and irritation). Mons pubis: a mass of fatty tissue where the pubic hair grows. Vulval vestibule: an almond-shaped area between the labia minora that contains the openings. Urinary meatus: the opening of the urethra for urine to pass through. Vaginal opening: entrance to the vagina. Hymen: connective tissue that covers the vaginal opening. Vestibular glands/female accessory glands: two pairs of glands in the vulval vestibule known as the Bartholin's glands, which produce a mucous fluid for vaginal lubrication, and the Skene's glands for the ejaculation of fluid as well as for lubricating the meatus. Internal genitalia Vagina The vagina is a fibromuscular (made up", "title": "Female reproductive system" }, { "docid": "979064", "text": "A drone is a male bee. Unlike the female worker bee, a drone has no stinger. He does not gather nectar or pollen and cannot feed without assistance from worker bees. His only role is to mate with a maiden queen in nuptial flight. Genetics Drones carry only one type of allele at each chromosomal position, because they are haploid (containing only one set of chromosomes from the mother). During the development of eggs within a queen, a diploid cell with 32 chromosomes divides to generate haploid cells called gametes with 16 chromosomes. The result is a haploid egg, with chromosomes having a new combination of alleles at the various loci. This process is called arrhenotokous parthenogenesis or simply arrhenotoky. Because the male bee technically has only a mother, and no father, its genealogical tree is unusual. The first generation has one member (the male). One generation back also has one member (the mother). Two generations back are two members (the mother and father of the mother). Three generations back are three members. Four back are five members. This sequence – 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, and so on – is the Fibonacci sequence. Much debate and controversy exists in scientific literature about the dynamics and apparent benefit of the combined forms of reproduction in honey bees and other social insects, known as the haplodiploid sex-determination system. The drones have two reproductive functions: each drone grows from the queen's unfertilized haploid egg and produces some 10 million male sperm cells, each genetically identical to the egg. Drones also serve as a vehicle to mate with a new queen to fertilize her eggs. Female worker bees develop from fertilized eggs and are diploid in origin, which means that the sperm from a father provides a second set of 16 chromosomes for a total of 32: one set from each parent. Since all the sperm cells produced by a particular drone are genetically identical, full sisters are more closely related than full sisters of other animals where the sperm is not genetically identical. A laying worker bee exclusively produces totally unfertilized eggs, which develop into drones. As an exception to this rule, laying worker bees in some subspecies of honey bees may also produce diploid (and therefore female) fertile offspring in a process called thelytoky, in which the second set of chromosomes comes not from sperm, but from one of the three polar bodies during anaphase II of meiosis. In honey bees, the genetics of offspring can best be controlled by artificially inseminating (referred to in beekeeping as \"instrumental insemination\") a queen with drones collected from a single hive, where the drones' mother is known. In the natural mating process, a queen mates with multiple drones, which may not come from the same hive. Therefore, batches of female offspring have fathers of a completely different genetic origin. Anatomy A drone is characterized by eyes that are twice the size of those of worker bees and queens, and a body size greater", "title": "Drone (bee)" }, { "docid": "67553836", "text": "Leptocylindrus is a genus of diatoms belonging to the family Leptocylindraceae. They are long, cylindrical diatoms that are made up of multiple cells in a line (described as a chain). These cells have chloroplast to allow it to produce energy through photosynthesis by taking in sunlight and carbon dioxide to create sugars. the cells are attached at the cell walls called valves, the cell wall is slightly concave on one side and convex on the other so that the other cell wall attached will fit together. Reproduction Leptocylindrus reproduction is both asexual and (in some species) sexual. For the specific species Leptocylindrus danicus, it goes through sexual reproduction when its cells are between 3 and 8 micrometers in width (cells above this width go through asexual reproduction). It begins with Leptoclindrus cells splitting into two uneven gametangia. The female gametangia are longer and more brightly colored cell than the male gametangia. Then the process of meiosis occurs, where gametes are produced in the gametangia, the male gametangium (also known as the spermatogonangium) burst to release quadriflagellate spermia, which divide into biflagellate sperma and again into unflagellate sperm (or just sperm), this process takes about twelve hours to complete. After meiosis the female gametangium (or egg) bends at an angle so that the sperm can attach and enter the egg. the site of entry by the sperm starts to swell as the cytoplasm is sent to the area. after fertilization the auxospore forms at this site, the cytoplasm then contracts and valves (distinct halves of the cell wall) form to create the resting spore. these resting spores finally separate from the parent cell and can remain dormant for long periods because of their thick walls. The whole process in total takes about 36 hours to complete. The resting spores under good conditions well then germinate and then well shed there old valves to form a chain with a maximum width of 14 micrometers, and will reproduce asexually until it is between a width of 3 to 8 micrometer where the process begins again. When Leptocylindrus danicus, and another species Leptocylindrus aporus (which can't reproduce sexually), goes through asexual reproduction by separating to form two distinct halves of different sizes. After sexual and asexual reproduction, the cell wall is soft and halves individually reconstruct themselves. The soft cell wall expands as it matures and eventually forms a silica shell. The reproduction rate for Leptocylindrus slows or is halted when conditions are unfavorable. these unfavorable conditions include a depleted environment of the elements silicon and nitrogen, and an environment that is above 16 degrees Celsius and below 10 degrees (sexual reproduction seldom happening above 20 degrees). Therefore Leptocylindrus will usually be found reproducing in a nitric rich warm body of water. Habitat Leptoclindrus are widely found in many coastal and shelf waters around the world with the exception of extreme polar climates, as species can't survive below 5 degrees Celsius. They are most abundant seasonally in late spring and summer in European seas", "title": "Leptocylindrus" }, { "docid": "214618", "text": "In cellular biology, the term somatic is derived from the French somatique which comes from Ancient Greek σωματικός (sōmatikós, “bodily”), and σῶμα (sôma, “body”.) is often used to refer to the cells of the body, in contrast to the reproductive (germline) cells, which usually give rise to the egg or sperm (or other gametes in other organisms). These somatic cells are diploid, containing two copies of each chromosome, whereas germ cells are haploid, as they only contain one copy of each chromosome (in preparation for fertilisation). Although under normal circumstances all somatic cells in an organism contain identical DNA, they develop a variety of tissue-specific characteristics. This process is called differentiation, through epigenetic and regulatory alterations. The grouping of similar cells and tissues creates the foundation for organs. Somatic mutations are changes to the genetics of a multicellular organism that are not passed on to its offspring through the germline. Most cancers are due to somatic mutations. Somatic is also defined as relating to the wall of the body cavity, particularly as distinguished from the head, limbs, or viscera. It is also used in the term somatic nervous system, which is the portion of the vertebrate nervous system that regulates voluntary movements of the body. Mutation frequency The frequency of mutations in mouse somatic tissue (brain, liver, Sertoli cells) was compared to the mutation frequency in male germline cells at sequential stages of spermatogenesis. The spontaneous mutation frequency was found to be significantly higher (5 to 10-fold) in the somatic cell types than in the male germline cells. In female mice, somatic cells were also found to have a higher mutation frequency than germline cells. It was suggested that elevated levels of DNA repair enzymes play a prominent role in the lower mutation frequency of male and female germline cells, and that enhanced genetic integrity is a fundamental characteristic of germline cells. DNA repair processes can remove DNA damages that would, otherwise, upon DNA replication, cause mutation. See also Perikaryon (soma), the bulbous end of a neuron, containing the cell nucleus References Developmental biology", "title": "Somatic (biology)" }, { "docid": "912113", "text": "A basal body (synonymous with basal granule, kinetosome, and in older cytological literature with blepharoplast) is a protein structure found at the base of a eukaryotic undulipodium (cilium or flagellum). The basal body was named by Theodor Wilhelm Engelmann in 1880. It is formed from a centriole and several additional protein structures, and is, essentially, a modified centriole. The basal body serves as a nucleation site for the growth of the axoneme microtubules. Centrioles, from which basal bodies are derived, act as anchoring sites for proteins that in turn anchor microtubules, and are known as the microtubule organizing center (MTOC). These microtubules provide structure and facilitate movement of vesicles and organelles within many eukaryotic cells. Assembly, structure Cilia and basal bodies form during quiescence or the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Before the cell enters G1 phase, i.e. before the formation of the cilium, the mother centriole serves as a component of the centrosome. In cells that are destined to have only one primary cilium, the mother centriole differentiates into the basal body upon entry into G1 or quiescence. Thus, the basal body in such a cell is derived from the centriole. The basal body differs from the mother centriole in at least 2 aspects. First, basal bodies have basal feet, which are anchored to cytoplasmic microtubules and are necessary for polarized alignment of the cilium. Second, basal bodies have pinwheel-shaped transition fibers that originate from the appendages of mother centriole. In multiciliated cells, however, in many cases basal bodies are not made from centrioles but are generated de novo from a special protein structure called the deuterosome. Function During cell cycle dormancy, basal bodies organize primary cilia and reside at the cell cortex in proximity to plasma membrane. On cell cycle entry, cilia resorb and the basal body migrates to the nucleus where it functions to organize centrosomes. Centrioles, basal bodies, and cilia are important for mitosis, polarity, cell division, protein trafficking, signaling, motility and sensation. Mutations in proteins that localize to basal bodies are associated with several human ciliary diseases, including Bardet–Biedl syndrome, orofaciodigital syndrome, Joubert syndrome, cone-rod dystrophy, Meckel syndrome, and nephronophthisis. Regulation of basal body production and spatial orientation is a function of the nucleotide-binding domain of γ-tubulin. Plants lack centrioles and only lower plants (such as mosses and ferns) with motile sperm have flagella and basal bodies. References External links - \"Ultrastructure of the Cell: ciliated epithelium, cilia and basal bodies\" Organelles", "title": "Basal body" }, { "docid": "1795228", "text": "A pronucleus (: pronuclei) denotes the nucleus found in either a sperm or egg cell during the process of fertilization. The sperm cell undergoes a transformation into a pronucleus after entering the egg cell but prior to the fusion of the genetic material of both the sperm and egg. In contrast, the egg cell possesses a pronucleus once it becomes haploid, not upon the arrival of the sperm cell. Haploid cells, such as sperm and egg cells in humans, carry half the number of chromosomes present in somatic cells, with 23 chromosomes compared to the 46 found in somatic cells. It is noteworthy that the male and female pronuclei do not physically merge, although their genetic material does. Instead, their membranes dissolve, eliminating any barriers between the male and female chromosomes, facilitating the combination of their chromosomes into a single diploid nucleus in the resulting embryo, which contains a complete set of 46 chromosomes. The presence of two pronuclei serves as the initial indication of successful fertilization, often observed around 18 hours after insemination, or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) during in vitro fertilization. At this stage, the zygote is termed a two-pronuclear zygote (2PN). Two-pronuclear zygotes transitioning through 1PN or 3PN states tend to yield poorer-quality embryos compared to those maintaining 2PN status throughout development, and this distinction may hold significance in the selection of embryos during in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures. History The pronucleus was discovered the 1870s microscopically using staining techniques combined with microscopes with improved magnification levels. The pronucleus was originally found during the first studies on meiosis. Edouard Van Beneden published a paper in 1875 in which he first mentions the pronucleus by studying the eggs of rabbits and bats. He stated that the two pronuclei form together in the center of the cell to form the embryonic nucleus. Van Beneden also found that the sperm enters into the cell through the membrane in order to form the male pronucleus. In 1876, Oscar Hertwig did a study on sea urchin eggs because the eggs of sea urchins are transparent, so it allowed for much better magnification of the egg. Hertwig confirmed Van Beneden's finding of the pronucleus, and also found the formation of the female pronucleus involves the formation of polar bodies. Formation The female pronucleus is the female egg cell once it has become a haploid cell, and the male pronucleus forms when the sperm enters into the female egg. While the sperm develops inside of the male testes, the sperm does not become a pronucleus until it decondenses quickly inside of the female egg. When the sperm reaches the female egg, the sperm loses its outside membrane as well as its tail. The sperm does this because the membrane and the tail are no longer needed by the female ovum. The purpose of the cell membrane was to protect the DNA from the acidic vaginal fluid, and the purpose of the tail of the sperm was to help move the sperm cell to the", "title": "Pronucleus" }, { "docid": "7682", "text": "In cell biology a centriole is a cylindrical organelle composed mainly of a protein called tubulin. Centrioles are found in most eukaryotic cells, but are not present in conifers (Pinophyta), flowering plants (angiosperms) and most fungi, and are only present in the male gametes of charophytes, bryophytes, seedless vascular plants, cycads, and Ginkgo. A bound pair of centrioles, surrounded by a highly ordered mass of dense material, called the pericentriolar material (PCM), makes up a structure called a centrosome. Centrioles are typically made up of nine sets of short microtubule triplets, arranged in a cylinder. Deviations from this structure include crabs and Drosophila melanogaster embryos, with nine doublets, and Caenorhabditis elegans sperm cells and early embryos, with nine singlets. Additional proteins include centrin, cenexin and tektin. The main function of centrioles is to produce cilia during interphase and the aster and the spindle during cell division. History The centrosome was discovered jointly by Walther Flemming in 1875 and Edouard Van Beneden in 1876.Edouard Van Beneden made the first observation of centrosomes as composed of two orthogonal centrioles in 1883. Theodor Boveri introduced the term \"centrosome\" in 1888 and the term \"centriole\" in 1895. The basal body was named by Theodor Wilhelm Engelmann in 1880. The pattern of centriole duplication was first worked out independently by Étienne de Harven and Joseph G. Gall c. 1950. Role in cell division Centrioles are involved in the organization of the mitotic spindle and in the completion of cytokinesis. Centrioles were previously thought to be required for the formation of a mitotic spindle in animal cells. However, more recent experiments have demonstrated that cells whose centrioles have been removed via laser ablation can still progress through the G1 stage of interphase before centrioles can be synthesized later in a de novo fashion. Additionally, mutant flies lacking centrioles develop normally, although the adult flies' cells lack flagella and cilia and as a result, they die shortly after birth. The centrioles can self replicate during cell division. Cellular organization Centrioles are a very important part of centrosomes, which are involved in organizing microtubules in the cytoplasm. The position of the centriole determines the position of the nucleus and plays a crucial role in the spatial arrangement of the cell. Fertility Sperm centrioles are important for 2 functions: (1) to form the sperm flagellum and sperm movement and (2) for the development of the embryo after fertilization. The sperm supplies the centriole that creates the centrosome and microtubule system of the zygote. Ciliogenesis In flagellates and ciliates, the position of the flagellum or cilium is determined by the mother centriole, which becomes the basal body. An inability of cells to use centrioles to make functional flagella and cilia has been linked to a number of genetic and developmental diseases. In particular, the inability of centrioles to properly migrate prior to ciliary assembly has recently been linked to Meckel–Gruber syndrome. Animal development Proper orientation of cilia via centriole positioning toward the posterior of embryonic node cells is critical for", "title": "Centriole" }, { "docid": "60984322", "text": "Waminoa brickneri is a newly discovered acoel species from the coral reefs near Eilat (Red Sea) and the second described species in the genus (the first is Waminoa litus). Characteristics Waminoa brickneri is discoid to obcordate in shape, flat, 3–4 mm in diameter and 1 mm thick. Its bronze color with small white speckles is derived from the abundant dinoflagellate endosymbionts and the scattered white pigment spots. There are two distinct types of dinoflagellate endosymbionts that lay scattered throughout the parenchyma of the animal: small symbionts of the genus Symbiodinium and larger symbionts of the genus Amphidinium. The epidermis is transparent, fully ciliated, and glandulous. The dorsal body wall and lateral sides are especially abundant with rhabdoid glands, while the ventral body wall is abundant with mucous glands; the mucous glands also occur scattered in the dorsal body wall, but there are no rhabdoid glands on the ventral side. The mouth is ventrally located, somewhere in the posterior third of the body length, and opens directly into the digestive syncytium. Newly hatched juveniles possess a statocyst and paired eyes but mature individuals lack both. They also lack a frontal organ. The brain is bilobed and lies just beneath the epidermis close behind the anterior tip of the body; the two main masses consist of a central neuropile and nucleated rind and are connected by a short medial commissure. Like other acoelomorphs, Waminoa brickneri is a simultaneous hermaphrodite. The reproductive organs produce a slightly thickened ridge medially in the terminal quarter of the body. A pair of ventrally situated ovaries extends from about the second quarter of the body length posteriorly behind the mouth. The female pore is prominent and opens to a ciliated vagina located on the ventral body wall immediately anterior to the male gonadopore. Dorsally and laterally to the ovaries lies a pair of testes, which lead posteriorly to the seminal vesicle. The seminal vesicle, which lies just in front of the posterior notch in the body margin, is most prominent, and appears white from contained sperm. It is well-developed and walled by thin, loosely concentric muscles and reaches to a penis papilla. Flanking the seminal vesicle are prominent false seminal vesicles continuous with the tracts of sperm descending from the testes. There is a seminal bursa with 2 or more (2–8) bursal nozzles. Sperm cells are elongated and biflagellate. Habitat Waminoa brickneri is an epizoic organism living on corals in the Gulf of Eilat. It occurs in groups of non-overlapping individuals, causing the corals it inhabits to appear spotted. It has been detected on 13 species of stony corals, and on one species of soft coral. It can be found at depths of 2 to 50 meters. The presence of Waminoa species on live corals brought about several hypotheses about the nature of this coral-acoel association, one of which was that the acoels feed on the coral's mucus. A recent study by Naumann et al. (2010) corroborated this hypothesis. References Acoelomorphs", "title": "Waminoa brickneri" }, { "docid": "5115423", "text": "The following is a partial list of the \"G\" codes for Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), as defined by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM). This list continues the information at List of MeSH codes (G06). Codes following these are found at List of MeSH codes (G08). For other MeSH codes, see List of MeSH codes. The source for this content is the set of 2006 MeSH Trees from the NLM. – physiological processes – adaptation, physiological – acclimatization – estivation – hibernation – body constitution – body weights and measures – body mass index – body size – body height – body weight – birth weight – fetal weight – overweight – obesity – obesity, morbid – thinness – body surface area – crown-rump length – organ size – skinfold thickness – waist-hip ratio – disease susceptibility – somatotypes – body temperature – body temperature regulation – hibernation – sweating – thermogenesis – shivering – skin temperature – cell physiology – cell cycle – cell division – cell nucleus division – anaphase – chromosome segregation – meiosis – meiotic prophase i – chromosome pairing – synaptonemal complex – pachytene stage – metaphase – mitosis – anaphase – metaphase – prometaphase – prophase – telophase – prometaphase – prophase – meiotic prophase i – chromosome pairing – synaptonemal complex – pachytene stage – telophase – cytokinesis – interphase – g0 phase – g1 phase – g2 phase – s phase – cell differentiation – adipogenesis – gametogenesis – oogenesis – vitellogenesis – spermatogenesis – sperm maturation – cell growth processes – cell enlargement – cell proliferation – cell division – cell nucleus division – anaphase – chromosome segregation – meiosis – meiotic prophase i – chromosome pairing – synaptonemal complex – pachytene stage – metaphase – mitosis – anaphase – metaphase – prometaphase – prophase – telophase – prometaphase – prophase – meiotic prophase i – chromosome pairing – synaptonemal complex – pachytene stage – telophase – cytokinesis – cell lineage – cell shape – cell size – chronobiology – biological clocks – periodicity – circadian rhythm – activity cycles – electrophysiology – electric capacitance – electric conductivity – electric impedance – evoked potentials – contingent negative variation – event-related potentials, p300 – evoked potentials, auditory – cochlear microphonic potentials – evoked potentials, auditory, brain stem – evoked potentials, motor – evoked potentials, somatosensory – evoked potentials, visual – excitatory postsynaptic potentials – membrane potentials – action potentials – myoelectric complex, migrating – growth and development – aging – longevity – growth – body size – body height – body weight – birth weight – body weight changes – weight gain – weight loss – fetal weight – overweight – obesity – obesity, morbid – thinness – cell growth processes – cell enlargement – cell proliferation – cell division – cell nucleus division – anaphase – chromosome segregation – meiosis – meiotic prophase i – chromosome pairing – synaptonemal complex – pachytene stage – metaphase – mitosis – anaphase", "title": "List of MeSH codes (G07)" }, { "docid": "4334788", "text": "Aplasia (; from Greek a, \"not\", \"no\" + plasis, \"formation\") is a birth defect where an organ or tissue is wholly or largely absent. It is caused by a defect in a developmental process. Aplastic anemia is the failure of the body to produce blood cells. It may occur at any time, and has multiple causes. Types Pure red cell aplasia Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) is caused by the selective destruction or inhibition of erythroid progenitor or precursor cells. It is characterized by anemia and reticulocytopenia and can be chronic or acute. Diamond–Blackfan anemia is a type of PRCA that occurs at birth. PRCA can be acquired as a primary disorder or as a result of another disorder. Immunosuppressive drugs, particularly corticosteroids, will usually result in a temporary or permanent remission. The final outcome is primarily determined by the underlying disorder. Aplasia cutis congenita Aplasia cutis congenita is a condition in which some or large portions of the skin is missing at birth. The disorder is most commonly seen on the scalp, often as a solitary lesion without other abnormalities. The condition may be caused by epidermolysis bullosa, specific teratogens, or intrauterine infections, or it may be caused by chromosomal abnormalities, ectodermal dysplasias, or other malformation syndromes. Radial aplasia Radial aplasia is a condition in which the radius does not form. The radius runs from your elbow to your wrist, where your thumb is located. With radial aplasia, the arm can look misshapen and bent. The thumb could also be absent or shorter than usual. Sertoli cell-only syndrome Sertoli cell-only syndrome (SCOS), also known as germ cell aplasia, is defined by azoospermia where the testicular seminiferous tubules are lined solely with sertoli cells. Sertoli cells contribute to the formation of the blood-testis barrier and aid in sperm generation. These cells respond to follicle-stimulating hormone, which is secreted by the hypothalamus and aids in spermatogenesis. Men often learn they have Sertoli cell-only syndrome between the ages of 20 and 40 when they are checked for infertility and found to produce no sperm. Other signs and symptoms are uncommon, yet in some cases, an underlying cause of SCO syndrome, such as Klinefelter syndrome, may produce other symptoms. Most cases of SCO syndrome are idiopathic, however, causes may include deletions of genetic material on Y-chromosome regions, particularly the azoospermia factor area. Other factors include chemical or toxin exposure, previous exposure to radiation therapy, and a history of severe trauma. A testicular biopsy confirms the diagnosis of SCO syndrome. Although there is no effective treatment at the moment, assisted reproductive technology may help some men with SCO syndrome reproduce. Pulmonary aplasia Pulmonary aplasia is a rare congenital pathology characterized by the unilateral or bilateral absence of lung tissue. It is distinct from pulmonary agenesis, which, while similar, has a short-blind ending bronchus in aplasia. Because bilateral pulmonary aplasia is not feasible, it is usually unilateral. It is frequently associated with other congenital abnormalities, primarily cardiovascular, and has been shown to occur with the", "title": "Aplasia" }, { "docid": "443228", "text": "For fertilization to happen between a sperm and egg cell, a sperm must first fuse with the plasma membrane and then penetrate the female egg cell to fertilize it. While the fusion of the sperm cell with the egg cell's plasma membrane is relatively straightforward, penetrating the egg's protective layers, such as the zona pellucida, presents a significant challenge. Therefore, sperm cells go through a process known as the acrosome reaction, which is the reaction that occurs in the acrosome of the sperm as it approaches the egg. The acrosome is a membrane-bound organelle of Golgi apparatus origin, commonly located at the tip of the head of the mature spermatozoon, Which contains a variety of enzymes and antigens required for fertilization. It was once called \"apical body\" because of its location, or \"perforatorium\" on the assumption that it might assist the spermatozoon boring into the egg. As the sperm approaches the zona pellucida of the egg, which is necessary for initiating the acrosome reaction, the membrane surrounding the acrosome fuses with the plasma membrane of the sperm's head, exposing the contents of the acrosome. The contents include surface antigens necessary for binding to the egg's cell membrane, and numerous enzymes which are responsible for breaking through the egg's tough coating and allowing fertilization to occur. Variations among species There are considerable species variations in the morphology and consequences of the acrosome reaction. In several species, the trigger for the acrosome reaction has been identified in a layer that surrounds the egg. Echinoderms In some lower animal species, a protuberance (the acrosomal process) forms at the apex of the sperm head, supported by a core of actin microfilaments. The membrane at the tip of the acrosomal process fuses with the egg's plasma membrane. In some echinoderms, including starfish and sea urchins, a significant portion of the exposed acrosomal content contains a protein that temporarily holds the sperm on the egg's surface. Mammals In mammals, the acrosome reaction releases hyaluronidase and acrosin; their role in fertilization is not yet clear. The acrosomal reaction is initiated when sperm comes into contact with the oocyte's zona pellucida. Upon coming into contact with the zona pellucida, the acrosomal enzymes begin to dissolve, and the actin filament comes into contact with the zona pellucida. Once the two meet, a calcium influx occurs, causing a signaling cascade. The cortical granules inside the oocyte then fuse to the outer membrane, and a quick fast block reaction occurs. Furthermore, the cortical granules inside the oocyte fuse with the outer membrane, initiating a rapid block reaction. This reaction alters a patch of pre-existing sperm plasma membrane, facilitating fusion with the egg plasma membrane. A sperm penetration assay includes an acrosome reaction test that assesses how well a sperm can perform during the fertilization process. Sperm that are unable to go through the acrosome reaction properly will not be able to fertilize an egg. However, this problem only occurs in about 5% of men that have the test done. This test", "title": "Acrosome reaction" }, { "docid": "16941340", "text": "Prostasomes are extracellular vesicles (40-500 nm in diameter) secreted by the prostate gland epithelial cells into seminal fluid. They possess an unusual lipid composition and a tight and highly ordered structure of their lipid bilayer membrane, resembling that of lipid raft domains. Prostasomes appear to improve sperm motility and protect against attacks from the female immune defense during the passage to the egg. The name prostasomes was coined in the early 1980s by combining the terms \"prosta\"=prostate and \"soma\" (Greek for \"body\"). Around this time, the first functional studies of prostasomes were also performed. Cancerous prostate cells and prostate cells with low differentiation continue to produce and secrete prostasomes. Possibly, the high incidence of prostate cancer in elderly men could be due to the immunomodulatory properties of prostasomes, protecting the cancer from attack by the immune system. Fusion of prostasomes with the sperm plasma membrane is required for regulation of different aspects of sperm function, such as motility and capacitation. Prostasomes have also been implicated in the interaction between prostatic cancer cells and their microenvironment. Immune regulating proteins found in prostasomes include: amino-peptidase N (CD13); dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (CD26); enkephalinase (neutral endopeptidase, CD10); angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE, CD143); tissue factor TF (CD142, thromboplastin); decay accelerating factor (CD55); protectin (CD59, inhibitor of MAC) and complement regulatory membrane cofactor protein (CD46). Prostasomes also contain high levels of the divalent cations: Zn2+, Ca2+ and Mg2+. Historical background of prostasome research See also vesicles Membrane biophysics Lipidomics International Society for Extracellular Vesicles Journal of Extracellular Vesicles References Organelles", "title": "Prostasomes" }, { "docid": "34441", "text": "A zygote (; , ) is a eukaryotic cell formed by a fertilization event between two gametes. The zygote's genome is a combination of the DNA in each gamete, and contains all of the genetic information of a new individual organism. The sexual fusion of haploid cells is called karyogamy, the result of which is the formation of a diploid cell called the zygote or zygospore. History German zoologists Oscar and Richard Hertwig made some of the first discoveries on animal zygote formation in the late 19th century. In multicellular organisms The zygote is the earliest developmental stage. In humans and most other anisogamous organisms, a zygote is formed when an egg cell and sperm cell come together to create a new unique organism. The formation of a totipotent zygote with the potential to produce a whole organism depends on epigenetic reprogramming. DNA demethylation of the paternal genome in the zygote appears to be an important part of epigenetic reprogramming. In the paternal genome of the mouse, demethylation of DNA, particularly at sites of methylated cytosines, is likely a key process in establishing totipotency. Demethylation involves the processes of base excision repair and possibly other DNA-repair–based mechanisms. Humans In human fertilization, a released ovum (a haploid secondary oocyte with replicate chromosome copies) and a haploid sperm cell (male gamete) combine to form a single diploid cell called the zygote. Once the single sperm fuses with the oocyte, the latter completes the division of the second meiosis forming a haploid daughter with only 23 chromosomes, almost all of the cytoplasm, and the male pronucleus. The other product of meiosis is the second polar body with only chromosomes but no ability to replicate or survive. In the fertilized daughter, DNA is then replicated in the two separate pronuclei derived from the sperm and ovum, making the zygote's chromosome number temporarily 4n diploid. After approximately 30 hours from the time of fertilization, a fusion of the pronuclei and immediate mitotic division produce two 2n diploid daughter cells called blastomeres. Between the stages of fertilization and implantation, the developing embryo is sometimes termed as a preimplantation-conceptus. This stage has also been referred to as the pre-embryo in legal discourses including relevance to the use of embryonic stem cells. In the US the National Institutes of Health has determined that the traditional classification of pre-implantation embryo is still correct. After fertilization, the conceptus travels down the fallopian tube towards the uterus while continuing to divide without actually increasing in size, in a process called cleavage. After four divisions, the conceptus consists of 16 blastomeres, and it is known as the morula. Through the processes of compaction, cell division, and blastulation, the conceptus takes the form of the blastocyst by the fifth day of development, just as it approaches the site of implantation. When the blastocyst hatches from the zona pellucida, it can implant in the endometrial lining of the uterus and begin the gastrulation stage of embryonic development. The human zygote has been genetically edited", "title": "Zygote" } ]	[ "epididymis", "testicles" ]
train_45928	when was the last time a nuclear bomb was detonated	[ { "docid": "55128789", "text": "The Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) conducted its sixth (and most recent to date) nuclear test on 3 September 2017, stating it had tested a thermonuclear weapon (hydrogen bomb). The United States Geological Survey reported an earthquake of 6.3-magnitude not far from North Korea's Punggye-ri nuclear test site. South Korean authorities said the earthquake seemed to be artificial, consistent with an underground nuclear test. The USGS, as well as China Earthquake Networks Center, reported that the initial event was followed by a second, smaller, earthquake at the site, several minutes later, which was characterized as a collapse of the cavity formed by the initial detonation. Nuclear device The North Korean government announced that it had detonated a hydrogen (thermonuclear) bomb that could be loaded onto an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM). The announcement stated the warhead had a variable yield \"the explosive power of which is adjustable from tens kiloton to hundreds kiloton (sic) ... [and] which can be detonated even at high altitudes for super-powerful EMP attack\". A later technical announcement called the device a \"two-stage thermo-nuclear weapon\" and stated experimental measurements were fully compatible with the design specification, and there had been no leakage of radioactive materials from the underground nuclear test. Photographs of North Korean leader Kim Jong-un inspecting a device resembling a thermonuclear weapon warhead were released a few hours before the test. Analysts have tended to give credence to North Korea's claim that it was a hydrogen bomb. 38 North made a revised estimate for the test yield at 250 kT, making it near the maximum-containable yield for the Punggye-ri test site. Tom Plant, director of proliferation and nuclear policy at the Royal United Services Institute said, \"The North Koreans do bluff sometimes, but when they make a concrete claim about their nuclear programme, more often than not it turns out to be true. ... I think the balance is in favour of it being a thermonuclear bomb rather than a conventional atom bomb.\" Others have been skeptical that it was a completely successful test of a true hydrogen bomb as North Korea claimed. Determining whether it is a two-stage thermonuclear bomb or a fusion-boosted fission weapon may not be possible without radionuclide emission data. The yield estimates of less than 300 kT would be lower than any other nation's first test of a fusion-primary thermonuclear device, which would typically be in the 1000 kT range, while boosted fission weapons and variable-yield nuclear devices can be as low as hundreds of tons, but are not considered true hydrogen bombs; meanwhile the largest pure-fission bomb tested was Ivy King at 500 kT. An October 2 Scientific American article said the test was \"estimated to have been a 160-kiloton detonation — far below an H-bomb's capabilities.\" Martin Navias of the Centre for Defence Studies at King's College London noted that the breakthroughs needed to get from a fission to a fusion device would have to be done by the North Koreans on their own – China,", "title": "2017 North Korean nuclear test" }, { "docid": "337775", "text": "Nuclear weapons tests are experiments carried out to determine the performance, yield, and effects of nuclear weapons. Testing nuclear weapons offers practical information about how the weapons function, how detonations are affected by different conditions, and how personnel, structures, and equipment are affected when subjected to nuclear explosions. However, nuclear testing has often been used as an indicator of scientific and military strength. Many tests have been overtly political in their intention; most nuclear weapons states publicly declared their nuclear status through a nuclear test. The first nuclear device was detonated as a test by the United States at the Trinity site in New Mexico on July 16, 1945, with a yield approximately equivalent to 20 kilotons of TNT. The first thermonuclear weapon technology test of an engineered device, codenamed Ivy Mike, was tested at the Enewetak Atoll in the Marshall Islands on November 1, 1952 (local date), also by the United States. The largest nuclear weapon ever tested was the Tsar Bomba of the Soviet Union at Novaya Zemlya on October 30, 1961, with the largest yield ever seen, an estimated 50–58 megatons. In 1963, three (UK, US, Soviet Union) of the then four nuclear states and many non-nuclear states signed the Limited Test Ban Treaty, pledging to refrain from testing nuclear weapons in the atmosphere, underwater, or in outer space. The treaty permitted underground nuclear testing. France continued atmospheric testing until 1974, and China continued until 1980. Neither has signed the treaty. Underground tests conducted by the Soviet Union continued until 1990, the United Kingdom until 1991, the United States until 1992, and both China and France until 1996. In signing the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty in 1996, these countries pledged to discontinue all nuclear testing; the treaty has not yet entered into force because of its failure to be ratified by eight countries. Non-signatories India and Pakistan last tested nuclear weapons in 1998. North Korea conducted nuclear tests in 2006, 2009, 2013, 2016, and 2017. The most recent confirmed nuclear test in September 2017 in North Korea. Types Nuclear weapons tests have historically been divided into four categories reflecting the medium or location of the test. Atmospheric testing designates explosions that take place in the atmosphere. Generally, these have occurred as devices detonated on towers, balloons, barges, or islands, or dropped from airplanes, and also those only buried far enough to intentionally create a surface-breaking crater. The United States, the Soviet Union, and China have all conducted tests involving explosions of missile-launched bombs (See List of nuclear weapons tests#Tests of live warheads on rockets). Nuclear explosions close enough to the ground to draw dirt and debris into their mushroom cloud can generate large amounts of nuclear fallout due to irradiation of the debris. This definition of atmospheric is used in the Limited Test Ban Treaty, which banned this class of testing along with exoatmospheric and underwater. Underground testing refers to nuclear tests conducted under the surface of the earth, at varying depths. Underground nuclear testing made up the", "title": "Nuclear weapons testing" } ]	[ { "docid": "244601", "text": "The effects of a nuclear explosion on its immediate vicinity are typically much more destructive and multifaceted than those caused by conventional explosives. In most cases, the energy released from a nuclear weapon detonated within the lower atmosphere can be approximately divided into four basic categories: the blast and shockwave: 50% of total energy thermal radiation: 35% of total energy ionizing radiation: 5% of total energy (more in a neutron bomb) residual radiation: 5–10% of total energy with the mass of the explosion. Depending on the design of the weapon and the location in which it is detonated, the energy distributed to any one of these categories may be significantly higher or lower. The physical blast effect is created by the coupling of immense amounts of energy, spanning the electromagnetic spectrum, with the surroundings. The environment of the explosion (e.g. submarine, ground burst, air burst, or exo-atmospheric) determines how much energy is distributed to the blast and how much to radiation. In general, surrounding a bomb with denser media, such as water, absorbs more energy and creates more powerful shockwaves while at the same time limiting the area of its effect. When a nuclear weapon is surrounded only by air, lethal blast and thermal effects proportionally scale much more rapidly than lethal radiation effects as explosive yield increases. This bubble is faster than the speed of sound. The physical damage mechanisms of a nuclear weapon (blast and thermal radiation) are identical to those of conventional explosives, but the energy produced by a nuclear explosion is usually millions of times more powerful per unit mass and temperatures may briefly reach the tens of millions of degrees. Energy from a nuclear explosion is initially released in several forms of penetrating radiation. When there is surrounding material such as air, rock, or water, this radiation interacts with and rapidly heats the material to an equilibrium temperature (i.e. so that the matter is at the same temperature as the fuel powering the explosion). This causes vaporization of the surrounding material, resulting in its rapid expansion. Kinetic energy created by this expansion contributes to the formation of a shockwave which expands spherically from the center. Intense thermal radiation at the hypocenter forms a nuclear fireball which, if the explosion is low enough in altitude, is often associated with a mushroom cloud. In a high-altitude burst, where the density of the atmosphere is low, more energy is released as ionizing gamma radiation and X-rays than as an atmosphere-displacing shockwave. Direct effects Blast damage The high temperatures and radiation cause gas to move outward radially in a thin, dense shell called \"the hydrodynamic front\". The front acts like a piston that pushes against and compresses the surrounding medium to make a spherically expanding shock wave. At first, this shock wave is inside the surface of the developing fireball, which is created in a volume of air heated by the explosion's \"soft\" X-rays. Within a fraction of a second, the dense shock front obscures the fireball and continues", "title": "Effects of nuclear explosions" }, { "docid": "1291409", "text": "Laydown delivery is a mode of delivery found in some nuclear gravity bombs: the bomb's descent to the target is slowed by parachute so that it lands on the ground without detonating. The bomb then detonates by timer some time later. Laydown delivery requires the weapon to be reinforced so that it can survive the force of impact. Laydown modes are used to make weapon delivery survivable by aircraft flying at low level. Low-altitude delivery helps hide the aircraft from surface-to-air missiles. The ground burst detonation of a laydown delivered weapon is used to increase the effect of the weapon's blast on built-up targets such as submarine pens, or to transmit a shock wave through the ground to attack deeply-buried targets. An attack of this type produces large amounts of radioactive fallout. Weapons with laydown delivery options United Kingdom The issue of aircraft survivability led to laydown being selected for the Vickers Valiant bomber of the Royal Air Force, as the design became increasingly vulnerable to Soviet weapons, especially the SA-2 missile. The low-level laydown delivery was referred to as \"Equipment 2 Foxtrot\" in RAF parlance; alternatives included \"2 Echo\" toss bombing and \"2 Hotel\", a particular climbing delivery method used by the Avro Vulcan. United States B28 bomb — Only in the RE (retarded external), RI (retarded internal) and FI (full-fuzing internal) versions of the weapon. The RE and RI versions of the weapon used the W28 mod 1 warhead and were an interim weapon only capable of laydown delivery at altitude, while the FI version using W28 Mod 2 and later warheads was capable of delivery. B53 bomb — Full-fuzing option (FUFO) weapon with laydown. The weapon later lost FUFO in its B53-1 upgrade in 1988, having only laydown fuzing. B61 bomb — Full-fuzing option (FUFO) weapon with laydown. Capable of laydown delivery at altitude. B83 bomb — Full-fuzing option (FUFO) weapon with laydown. See also Air burst Toss bombing Nuclear bunker buster References Nuclear weapons Aerial warfare strategy Aerial bombing", "title": "Laydown delivery" }, { "docid": "1204012", "text": "A bhangmeter is a non-imaging radiometer installed on reconnaissance and navigation satellites to detect atmospheric nuclear detonations and determine the yield of the nuclear weapon. They are also installed on some armored fighting vehicles, in particular NBC reconnaissance vehicles, in order to help detect, localise and analyse tactical nuclear detonations. They are often used alongside pressure and sound sensors in this role in addition to standard radiation sensors. Some nuclear bunkers and military facilities may also be equipped with such sensors alongside seismic event detectors. The bhangmeter was developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory by a team led by Herman Hoerlin. History The bhangmeter was invented, and the first proof-of-concept device was built, in 1948 to measure the nuclear test detonations of Operation Sandstone. Prototype and production instruments were later built by EG&G, and the name \"bhangmeter\" was coined in 1950 by Frederick Reines. Bhangmeters became standard instruments used to observe US nuclear tests. A bhangmeter was developed to observe the detonations of Operation Buster-Jangle (1951) and Operation Tumbler-Snapper (1952). These tests lay the groundwork for a large deployment of nationwide North American bhangmeters with the Bomb Alarm System (1961-1967). US president John F. Kennedy and the First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Nikita Khrushchev signed the Partial Test Ban Treaty on August 5, 1963, under the condition that each party could use its own technical means to monitor the ban on nuclear testing in the atmosphere or in outer space. Bhangmeters were first installed, in 1961, aboard a modified US KC-135A aircraft monitoring the pre-announced Soviet test of Tsar Bomba. The Vela satellites were the first space-based observation devices jointly developed by the U.S. Air Force and the Atomic Energy Commission. The first generation of Vela satellites were not equipped with bhangmeters but with X-ray sensors to detect the intense single pulse of X-rays produced by a nuclear explosion. The first satellites which incorporated bhangmeters were the Advanced Vela satellites. Since 1980, bhangmeters have been included on US GPS navigation satellites. Description The silicon photodiode sensors are designed to detect the distinctive bright double pulse of visible light that is emitted from atmospheric nuclear weapons explosions. This signature consists of a short and intense flash lasting around 1 millisecond, followed by a second much more prolonged and less intense emission of light taking a fraction of a second to several seconds to build up. This signature, with a double intensity maximum, is characteristic of atmospheric nuclear explosions and is the result of the Earth's atmosphere becoming opaque to visible light and transparent again as the explosion's shock wave travels through it. The effect occurs because the surface of the early fireball is quickly overtaken by the expanding \"case shock\", the atmospheric shock wave composed of the ionised plasma of what was once the casing and other matter of the device. Although it emits a considerable amount of light itself, it is opaque and prevents the far brighter fireball from shining through. The net result recorded", "title": "Bhangmeter" }, { "docid": "4833803", "text": "The Mark 11 nuclear bomb was an American nuclear bomb developed from the earlier Mark 8 nuclear bomb in the mid-1950s. Like the Mark 8, the Mark 11 was an earth-penetrating weapon, also known as a nuclear bunker buster bomb. Description As with the Mark 8, the Mark 11 was a gun-type nuclear bomb (see also: gun-type assembly weapon). It used a fixed large target assembly of highly enriched uranium (HEU), a gun-like barrel, and a powder charge and uranium bullet or projectile fired up the barrel into the target. The Mark 11 was first produced in 1956, and was in service until 1960. A total of 40 were produced, replacing but not expanding the quantity of Mark 8 bombs. It was in diameter and long, with a weight of . Yield was reportedly the same as the Mark 8, 25 to 30 kilotons. The two bombs reportedly used the same basic fissile weapon design, but the Mark 11 had a much more modern external casing designed to penetrate further and more reliably into the ground. The Mark 8 had a flat nose, much like a torpedo. The Mark 11 nose was a pointed ogive shape. The MK-11 also known as the MK-91 had variable yields by changing the target rings. A major difference over the MK-8 was that the MK-91 had an electric operated actuator as a safety device that would rotate a spline ring to prevent the projectile from being fired into the target rings. The MK-8 had no safety devices. Upon release from the delivery aircraft detonation would occur after the black powder fuzes burned 90-110 seconds. The MK-91 was a deep penetrating weapon in many surface materials. A \"PHOEBE\" polonium neutron initiator increased the nuclear detonation efficiency. See also List of nuclear weapons Mark 8 nuclear bomb Mark 1 Little Boy nuclear bomb Citations Bibliography Complete list of all US nuclear weapons Cold War aerial bombs of the United States Gun-type nuclear bombs Nuclear bombs of the United States Military equipment introduced in the 1950s", "title": "Mark 11 nuclear bomb" }, { "docid": "162759", "text": "The Nevada National Security Sites (N2S2 or NNSS), popularized as the Nevada Test Site (NTS) until 2010, is a reservation of the United States Department of Energy located in the southeastern portion of Nye County, Nevada, about northwest of the city of Las Vegas. Formerly known as the Nevada Proving Grounds of the United States Army, the site was acquired in 1951 to be the testing venue for the American nuclear devices. The first atmospheric test was conducted at the site's Frenchman Flat area by the United States Atomic Energy Commission (USAEC) on January 27, 1951. About 928 nuclear tests were conducted here through in 1994, when the United States stopped its underground nuclear testing. The site consists of about of desert and mountainous terrain. Some 1,100 buildings in 28 areas are connected by of paved roads, miles of unpaved roads, ten heliports, and two airstrips. The site is privately managed and operated by Mission Support and Test Services LLC, a joint venture of Honeywell, Jacobs, and Huntington Ingalls, on behalf of the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA). The mushroom clouds from the 100 atmospheric tests were visible from almost away; they could be seen from the Las Vegas Strip in the early 1950s. Many iconic images at nuclear science museums throughout the United States come from the site. Las Vegas experienced noticeable seismic effects. Westerly winds routinely carried the fallout from atmospheric nuclear tests, increasing cancer in Utah and elsewhere, according to a 1984 medical report. The site has hosted 536 publicized and organized anti-nuclear protests, with 37,488 participants and 15,740 involved in arrests, according to government records. History The site was established as a area by President Harry S. Truman on December 18, 1950, within the Nellis Air Force Gunnery and Bombing Range. 1951–1992 The site was the primary testing location of American nuclear devices from 1951 to 1992; 928 announced nuclear tests occurred there. Of those, 828 were underground. (Sixty-two of the underground tests included multiple, simultaneous nuclear detonations, adding 93 detonations and bringing the total number of NTS nuclear detonations to 1,021, of which 921 were underground.) The site contains many subsidence craters from the testing. The site was the United States' primary location for tests smaller than . 126 tests were conducted elsewhere, including most larger tests. Many of these occurred at the Pacific Proving Grounds in the Marshall Islands. During the 1950s, the mushroom clouds from atmospheric tests could be seen for almost . The city of Las Vegas experienced noticeable seismic effects, and the distant mushroom clouds, which could be seen from the downtown hotels, became tourist attractions. The last atmospheric test detonation at the site was \"Little Feller I\" of Operation Sunbeam, on July 17, 1962. Although the United States did not ratify the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, it honors the articles of the treaty, and underground testing of weapons ended as of September 23, 1992. Subcritical tests not involving a critical mass continued. One notable test shot was the \"Sedan\" shot of", "title": "Nevada Test Site" }, { "docid": "999864", "text": "Trinity is an interactive fiction video game written by Brian Moriarty and published in 1986 by Infocom. It is widely regarded as one of the company's best works. The plot blends historical and fantastic elements as part of a prose poem regarding the destructive power of the atomic bomb and the futile nature of war in the atomic age. The name refers to the Trinity test, the first nuclear explosion, which took place in July 1945. It is Infocom's twentieth game and the last game released by the company when it was solvent. Plot As the game begins, the player's character is spending a final day of a London vacation in the Kensington Gardens. The evening flight back to the United States is looking increasingly unlikely for a number of unusual reasons. Hordes of nannies are blocking all exits from the Gardens, and the grass actively resists efforts to be walked upon. Worst of all, a gleam on the horizon soon heralds the unwelcome arrival of a Soviet nuclear missile. Time begins to slow as the missile approaches, and with some ingenuity the player's character finds an incongruous door hovering in mid-air. There's no telling where it may lead, but it cannot possibly be worse than the alternative of being at ground zero of a nuclear detonation... The doorway leads to a strange land, where impossible objects exist. Space and time do not seem to behave in the familiar ways here. Exploring this new environment, the player finds several other mysterious doors, each of which leads to another chapter in the history of nuclear weaponry. After visiting test sites (including ones in Siberia, Nevada, and the Eniwetok Atoll) and Nagasaki just before each device is detonated, the player has one scenario left to deal with. The final door leads to the New Mexico desert on July 16, 1945, mere minutes before the test-firing that will change the course of history. But something is wrong at the \"Trinity\" site, and without the player's intervention things will go horribly awry. The player is witness to, or rather narrowly escapes being a witness to, a number of nuclear explosions in the game. The sites visited, and the markings on the sundial that represent them, are: London, near future (fictional, Omega) Low Earth Orbit, near future (fictional, Mercury) Nevada (underground), 1970 (historical, Pluto) Eniwetok Atoll, Pacific Ocean, 1952 (historical, Neptune) Siberia, 1949 (historical, Libra) Nagasaki, Japan, 1945 (historical, Mars) Trinity, New Mexico, 1945 (historical, Alpha) Each of the symbols has a meaning relevant to the incident it represents. Trinity was the site of the first atomic explosion, and is therefore represented by an alpha, which is the first character of the Greek alphabet. The bombing of Nagasaki was an act of war, and Mars is the Roman god of war. The test in Siberia (actually in the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic) was an example of another superpower attempting to establish balance in the nuclear arms race, and the zodiacal sign of Libra is represented", "title": "Trinity (video game)" }, { "docid": "3707626", "text": "The Don't Make a Wave Committee was the name of the anti-nuclear organization which later evolved into Greenpeace, a global environmental organization. The Don't Make a Wave Committee was founded in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada to protest and attempt to halt further underground nuclear testing by the United States in the National Wildlife Refuge at Amchitka in the Aleutian Islands of Alaska. The Don't Make a Wave Committee was first formed in October 1969 and officially established in early 1970. Precursor protest In the late 1960s, the U.S. had plans for an underground nuclear weapon test in Alaska. Because of the 1964 Alaska earthquake the plans raised some concerns about the test triggering earthquakes and causing a tsunami. A 1969 demonstration of 7,000 people blocked a major U.S.-Canada border crossing in British Columbia, carrying signs reading \"Don't Make A Wave. It's Your Fault If Our Fault Goes\". Further demonstrations occurred at U.S. border crossings in Ontario and Quebec. The protests did not stop the U.S. from detonating the bomb. While no earthquake nor tsunami followed the test, the opposition grew when the U.S. announced they would detonate a bomb five times more powerful than the first one. Among the opposers were Jim Bohlen, a veteran who had served in the U.S. Navy during the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and Irving Stowe and Dorothy Stowe, a Quaker couple. As members of the Sierra Club they were frustrated with the lack of action by the organization. Formation In October 1969, Bohlen and the Stowes started meeting at a church basement, calling themselves the Don't Make a Wave Committee and planning anti-nuclear protests. From Irving Stowe, Bohlen learned a form of passive resistance, \"bearing witness\", where objectionable activity is protested by mere presence. Jim Bohlen's wife Marie came up with the idea to sail to Amchitka, inspired by the anti-nuclear voyages of Albert Bigelow in 1958. The idea ended up in the press and was linked to The Sierra Club. The Sierra Club did not like this connection and in 1970 Jim and Marie Bohlen, Irving and Dorothy Stowe, and Paul Cote, a law student and peace activist established The Don't Make a Wave Committee, working independently of The Sierra Club. Early meetings were held in the Shaughnessy home of Robert and Bobbi Hunter. The first office was opened in a back room of a storefront off Broadway on Cypress, in Kitsilano, Vancouver. In 1973 Greenpeace moved into share a second floor office with SPEC at 2007 West 4th Ave. An additional member of the committee was cultural geographer Terry A Simmons. Transition to Greenpeace During meetings in 1970 Bill Darnell combined the words ‘green’ and ‘peace’, thereby giving the organization its first expedition name, Greenpeace. Many Canadians protested the United States military underground nuclear bomb tests, codenamed Cannikin, beneath the island of Amchitka, Alaska in 1971. In May of the year, the Don't Make a Wave Committee sent Jim Bohlen and Patrick Moore, to represent the Don't Make a Wave Committee", "title": "Don't Make a Wave Committee" }, { "docid": "53879559", "text": "The RDS-2 (Russian: РДС-2) was the second atomic bomb developed by the Soviet Union as an improved version of the RDS-1. It included new explosive lenses along with a new core design to decrease the probability of pre-detonation or 'fizzle'. The RDS-2 weighed approximately and had a diameter of 1.25 m. The RDS-2 was tested on September 24, 1951 and produced a 38.3 kiloton yield. It was detonated from the top of a tower thirty meters high. The detonation was controlled by a bomber flying over the testing site instead of the detonation being controlled by a ground control center. See also Soviet atomic bomb project RDS-1 RDS-3 Notes References Citations Bibliography Nuclear weapons of the Soviet Union Soviet nuclear weapons testing Nuclear bombs of the Soviet Union 1951 in the Soviet Union Nuclear weapons policy Nuclear proliferation 1951 in military history", "title": "RDS-2" }, { "docid": "5869916", "text": "Omega Doom is a 1996 American science fiction action film directed by Albert Pyun and starring Rutger Hauer. It was written by Pyun and Ed Naha. The story, set in a dystopian future, concerns a robot warrior who, during a nuclear winter, plays both sides of a robot civil war in a small town. The film is mostly based on Yojimbo by Akira Kurosawa. It is considered a cult film. Plot At the end of a World War between humans and robots, a nuclear bomb was detonated and a Dark Age begun, without technology or electricity. On the last day of the war, as the nuclear bombs are detonating, one of the robots, Omega Doom, is shot in his head by a dying soldier. The shot causes Doom's programming for the destruction of mankind to be erased. After the world was cleared of humanity by the cyborgs, only the cyborgs and robots remain. Some time later, Omega Doom arrives at a destroyed city, where he encounters an unusual community of robots and roms (newer and more advanced robots), who are in conflict. At the city Omega Doom finds there are two remaining peaceful robots - a former nanny who now works as a bartender and the head of a former teacher, whom the other robots use as a ball. Omega Doom helps The Head find a body and tells Doom about a rumored stock of hidden weapons. Both the robots and the roms want these weapons in order to continue the destruction of the remaining humans. Eventually, Omega Doom gets the robots to promise to destroy the roms in exchange for half of the weapons; but he also proposes the same deal to the roms. The robots and the roms end up fighting each other, ensuring their mutual destruction. Afterwards, Doom leaves the last two peaceful robots (The Bartender and The Head) and the one remaining rom in charge of the city and continues his wandering. Cast Rutger Hauer as Omega Doom Anna Katarina as The Bartender Norbert Weisser as The Head Shannon Whirry as Zed, Droid Leader Simon Poland as Zed Too, Droid Jahi Zuri as Marko, Droid Earl White as Titus, Droid Tina Coté as Blackheart, Rom Leader Jill Pierce as Zinc, Rom Cynthia Ireland as Ironface, Rom Jozef Apolen as The Scientist Production Christopher Lambert was considered for the lead role before Rutger Hauer was cast. The screenplay written by Albert Pyun and Ed Naha was originally set in Paris, at EuroDisney. The characters were supposed to be an animatronic theme park's figures who continue to operate after a global catastrophe. Each \"Zone\" was the domain of the animatronic characters who were part of that same zone's theme. Omega Doom was originally built to be part of a new exhibit at EuroDisney established around the Terminator franchise and the entire setting was within the theme park. Reception Critical response TV Guide rated it 1/4 stars and wrote that \"Omega Doom is merely an exercise in reviving moldy", "title": "Omega Doom" }, { "docid": "15634987", "text": "Boyce Dawkins McDaniel (June 11, 1917 – May 8, 2002) was an American nuclear physicist who worked on the Manhattan Project and later directed the Cornell University Laboratory of Nuclear Studies (LNS). McDaniel was skilled in constructing \"atom smashing\" devices to study the fundamental structure of matter and helped to build the most powerful particle accelerators of his time. Together with his graduate student, he invented the pair spectrometer. During World War II, McDaniel used his electronics expertise to help develop cyclotrons used to separate Uranium isotopes. McDaniel is also noted as having performed the final check on the first atomic bomb prior to its detonation in the Trinity test, during a lightning storm. Biography Born in Brevard, North Carolina, McDaniel attended Chesterville High School in Ohio. After graduating in 1933, he attended Ohio Wesleyan University, from which he graduated in 1938 with a Bachelor of Science. His initial postgraduate studies took place at the Case School of Applied Science, graduating with a master's degree in 1940. McDaniel continued postgraduate studies when he moved to Cornell University, and in 1943 he completed his doctoral thesis, examining the absorption rates of neutrons in indium. The research was not classified, but McDaniel and Robert Bacher, his adviser at Cornell, marked it as \"secret\" on their own initiative. From Cornell, McDaniel moved to MIT where he held a postdoctoral position, studying \"the rapidly evolving field of fast electronics\", which he applied to research in particle physics. After the outbreak of World War II, McDaniel joined Bacher in Los Alamos, New Mexico to work for the Manhattan Project, where he became a part of Robert R. Wilson's cyclotron research team. McDaniel was to have \"a crucial role in helping to identify the amount of uranium-235 needed to ... detonate the world's first nuclear bomb\". McDaniel is also noted as having performed the final check on the first atomic bomb prior to its detonation in the Trinity test. McDaniel was one of many Manhanttan Project researchers to join the Cornell faculty after the war. He became an assistant professor in 1946 and became a full professor in 1955. With his Ph.D. student Robert Walker, he invented the pair spectrometer, a device that measures gamma ray energies. He was a co-founder of Cornell's Laboratory for Nuclear Studies (LNS) and had helped create the 300 megavolt (MeV) electron synchrotron, one of the first such accelerators in the world. He and Wilson, who was McDaniel's predecessor as director of LNS, built three more electron synchrotrons of 1 GeV, 2 GeV, and 10 GeV, each of which enabled physicists to study phenomena in a new energy range. McDaniel quickly earned a reputation as a hands-on designer as indicated by this episode in the construction of the 300 MeV synchrotron: The magnet coil was wound incorrectly, a fatal flaw. To get it repaired by the manufacturer could take months. Mac made a toy model of the coil, studied it carefully for an evening, and discovered an ingenious but simple way", "title": "Boyce McDaniel" }, { "docid": "1045744", "text": "Variable yield, or dial-a-yield, is an option available on most modern nuclear weapons. It allows the operator to specify a weapon's yield, or explosive power, allowing a single design to be used in different situations. For example, the Mod-10 B61 bomb had selectable explosive yields of 0.3, 5, 10 or 80 kilotons, depending on how the ground crew set a dial inside the casing when it was loaded onto an aircraft. Variable yield technology has existed since at least the late 1950s. Examples of variable yield weapons include the B61 nuclear bomb family, B83, B43, W80, W85, and WE177A warheads. Most modern nuclear weapons are Teller–Ulam design type thermonuclear weapons, with a fission primary stage and a fusion secondary stage which is collapsed by the energy from the primary. These offer at least three methods to vary yield: Varying primary yield by boosting with fusion, using small amounts of deuterium / tritium (DT) gas inside the primary fission bomb to increase its yield by supplying additional neutrons from DT fusion at the beginning of the fission process. Typically, the gas is injected a few seconds before detonation and the amount used can be presete.g., zero, 25%, 50%, or all of the gas. Changing the primary yield by varying the timing or use of external neutron initiators (ENIs). These are small particle accelerators that cause a brief fusion reaction by accelerating deuterium into a tritium target (or potentially vice versa), producing a short pulse of energetic neutrons. Precise timing of the ENI pulse as the nuclear primary's pit is collapsing can significantly affect yield, and the rate of neutron injection can also be controlled. Shutting down the thermonuclear secondary, either by firing the primary at low enough yield that it does not compress the secondary sufficiently to ignite, or by blocking energy transport inside the warhead briefly as the primary is firing using shutters or a similar mechanism. If the primary's energy starts to disperse through the radiation case before being focused on the secondary then the secondary will likely never detonate. All current British nuclear warheads incorporate variable yield technology as standard. Popular Culture A dial-a-yield device is featured in the plot of the thriller novel Diablo Mesa. See also Nuclear weapon design References External links nuclear weapons archive Nuclear weapons", "title": "Variable yield" }, { "docid": "43628133", "text": "The 1958 Mars Bluff B-47 nuclear weapon loss incident was the inadvertent release of a nuclear weapon from a United States Air Force B-47 bomber over Mars Bluff, South Carolina. The bomb, which lacked the fissile nuclear core, fell over the area, causing damage to buildings below. Though there was no nuclear detonation, six people were injured by the explosion of the bomb's conventional explosives. The Air Force was sued by the family of the victims, who received , . Description of incident On March 11, 1958, a U.S. Air Force Boeing B-47E-LM Stratojet from Hunter Air Force Base operated by the 375th Bombardment Squadron of the 308th Bombardment Wing near Savannah, Georgia, took off at approximately 4:34 PM and was scheduled to fly to the United Kingdom and then to North Africa as part of Operation Snow Flurry. The aircraft was carrying nuclear weapons on board in the event of war with the Soviet Union breaking out. Air Force Captain Bruce Kulka, who was the navigator and bombardier, was summoned to the bomb bay area after the captain of the aircraft, Captain Earl Koehler, had encountered a fault light in the cockpit indicating that the bomb harness locking pin did not engage. As Kulka reached around the bomb to pull himself up, he mistakenly grabbed the emergency release pin. The Mark 6 nuclear bomb dropped to the bomb bay doors of the B-47 and the weight forced the doors open, sending the bomb down to the ground below. Two sisters, six-year-old Helen and nine-year-old Frances Gregg, along with their nine-year-old cousin Ella Davies, were playing from a playhouse in the woods that had been built for them by their father Walter Gregg, who had served as a paratrooper during World War II. The playhouse was struck by the bomb. Its conventional high explosives detonated, destroying the playhouse, and leaving a crater about wide and deep. Fortunately, the fissile nuclear core was stored elsewhere on the aircraft. All three girls were injured by the explosion, as were Walter, his wife Effie and son Walter Jr. Seven nearby buildings were damaged. The United States Air Force (USAF) was sued by the family of the victims, who received $54,000 (). The incident made domestic and international headlines. See also List of military nuclear accidents References External links \"'Dead' A-Bomb Hits US Town\", Universal Newsreel story, Internet Archive. Florence County Museum Mars Bluff B-47 nuclear weapon loss incident Mars bluff Mars Bluff B-47 nuclear weapon loss incident Aviation accidents and incidents in the United States in 1958 Mars bluff Mars bluff Mars Bluff Mars bluff Mars bluff Nuclear accidents and incidents in the United States", "title": "1958 Mars Bluff B-47 nuclear weapon loss incident" }, { "docid": "664101", "text": "Red Beard was the first British tactical nuclear weapon. It was carried by Royal Air Force (RAF) English Electric Canberra medium bombers and the V bomber force and by Supermarine Scimitars, de Havilland Sea Vixens, and Blackburn Buccaneers of the Royal Navy's (RN) Fleet Air Arm (FAA). Developed to Operational Requirement OR.1127, it was introduced in 1961, entered service in 1962. It was replaced by the WE.177 in the early 1970s and was withdrawn from service in 1971. Design Red Beard was an unboosted fission weapon that used a composite core (mixed core in British terminology of the time). The composite core used both weapons-grade plutonium and weapons-grade uranium-235, and was intended to minimise the risk of pre-detonation that was a feature of all-plutonium designs of that period with yields larger than 10 kilotons (kt). An added benefit of the composite core was a more economical use of fissile material. The design was tested twice during the Operation Buffalo series of nuclear trials at Maralinga in Australia – first (codenamed Buffalo R1/One Tree) on 27 September 1956: a 15 kt explosion, after which the resulting mushroom cloud rose to a height of , and again (codenamed Buffalo R4/Breakaway) on 21 October 1956. Although the design concept of Red Beard was similar to that of the Blue Danube warhead, an innovative means of implosion meant that its overall size could be significantly reduced. Its measurements were in length, in diameter, and a weight of approximately . Two versions were produced: the Mk.1, with a yield of 15 kilotons, and the Mk.2, with a yield of 25 kilotons. The Mk.2 was available in two variants, the No.1 used by high-altitude bombers, and the No.2 variant that was intended for low-level delivery by the toss bombing method, and its 'over-the-shoulder' variant referred to as the Low Altitude Bombing System (LABS). Red Beard's Royal Air Force and Royal Navy service designations were: Bomb, Aircraft, HE 2,000 lb MC Mk.1 No.1 Bomb, Aircraft, HE 2,000 lb MC Mk.1 No.2 Bomb, Aircraft, HE 2,000 lb MC Mk.2 No.1 Bomb, Aircraft, HE 2,000 lb MC Mk.2 No.2 Weighing in at approximately , Red Beard was considerably lighter than the official service designation, which was based on the original technical requirement. Another significant improvement over Blue Danube was the electrical system for the bomb firing mechanism and the radar altimeter fuse. Blue Danube had used 6 volt lead–acid batteries that were unreliable, and had to be installed at the last minute before takeoff. There were also potential risks associated with 'stray' electrical discharges to the firing mechanisms which might have led to accidental detonation. Red Beard used twin ram-air turbines located in the nose, from which there could be no stray discharges before bomb release. The air inlet can be seen in the extreme nose. They exhausted through 'blow-out' patches in the nose sides. Until bomb release, the weapon drew electrical power from the aircraft for heating and pre-heating of the radar fuzes. Like Blue Danube, the body", "title": "Red Beard (nuclear weapon)" }, { "docid": "33865", "text": "A warhead is the section of a device that contains the explosive agent or toxic (biological, chemical, or nuclear) material that is delivered by a missile, rocket, torpedo, or bomb. Classification Types of warheads include: Explosive: An explosive charge is used to disintegrate the target, and damage surrounding areas with a blast wave. Conventional: Chemicals such as gunpowder and high explosives store significant energy within their molecular bonds. This energy can be released quickly by a trigger, such as an electric spark. Thermobaric weapons enhance the blast effect by utilizing the surrounding atmosphere in their explosive reactions. Blast: A strong shock wave is provided by the detonation of the explosive. Fragmentation: Metal fragments are projected at high velocity to cause damage or injury. Continuous rod: Metal bars welded on their ends form a compact cylinder of interconnected rods, which is violently expanded into a contiguous zig-zag-shaped ring by an explosive detonation. The rapidly expanding ring produces a planar cutting effect that is devastating against military aircraft, which may be designed to be resistant to shrapnel. Shaped charge: The effect of the explosive charge is focused onto a specially shaped metal liner to project a hypervelocity jet of metal, to perforate heavy armour. Explosively formed penetrator: Instead of turning a thin metal liner into a focused jet, the detonation wave is directed against a concave metal plate at the front of the warhead, propelling it at high velocity while simultaneously deforming it into a projectile. Nuclear: A runaway nuclear fission (fission bomb) or nuclear fusion (Thermonuclear weapon) reaction causes immense energy release. Chemical: A toxic chemical, such as poison gas or nerve gas, is dispersed, which is designed to injure or kill human beings. Biological: An infectious agent, such as anthrax spores, is dispersed, which is designed to sicken or kill humans. Often, a biological or chemical warhead will use an explosive charge for rapid dispersal. Detonators Explosive warheads contain detonators to trigger the explosion. Types of detonators include: See also Guidance system List of aircraft weapons List of missiles Nuclear weapon yield Missile References Stephen I. Schwartz. \"Atomic Audit - The Costs and Consequences of U.S. Nuclear Weapons Since 1940\". Brookings Institution Press, 1998. Chuck Hansen, U.S. Nuclear Weapons: The Secret History, (New York: Orion Books, 1988), pp. 162–164. Ammunition Explosive weapons Missiles", "title": "Warhead" }, { "docid": "33563360", "text": "Richard Mingus (born October 19, 1930) worked as a security guard at the Nevada Test Site from 1957-1993. During that time he secured various parts of the base such as Area 51 and Area 13. Mingus worked on many black projects such as the U2 spy plane and dozens of atomic test detonations that occurred during the cold war. Early life Mingus was born in 1930. He fought in the Korean War. In 1957 he worked in a restaurant in the Sands Hotel and was married to his wife Gloria. Due to problems during Gloria's pregnancy, Mingus needed a solid job with hospital benefits. He applied to work on government projects and because of his veteran status was quickly accepted into the program. Area 51 Mingus was one of the first federal services security guards assigned to Area 51. Besides securing the base facility, Mingus was responsible for the daily communication into the base from the outside world. He could never identify the base over the phone or discuss what was occurring on the base. He could not confirm the presence of anyone present there. The base was simply referred to as \"Delta.\" The phone was answered \"Thirty-two thirty two.\" Mingus could not even reveal his occupation to his wife up until her death. Mingus was responsible for guarding Project AQUATONE (the U-2 spy plane project). Nuclear tests Mingus's second nuclear test he stood guard over was Project 57—America's first dirty bomb test. Mingus participated in the Hood bomb detonation, a 74 kiloton blast. Immediately after the blast it was realized that the Atomic Energy Commission failed to secure Area 51. Mingus was dispatched to secure the base immediately. In doing this, Mingus had to cope with large amounts of radiation that had just been unleashed by the detonation. Some areas where Mingus was stationed—such as Area 13—were subject to lethal levels of radiation. Routine care had to be taken to avoid lung exposure to plutonium and other radioactive substances. Area 12 Mingus spent many years in the tunnels of Area 12. These tunnels were used to facilitate nuclear testing. Area 25 Mingus was assigned to work with President John F. Kennedy's secret service detail when he visited the base in 1962. Kennedy visited the base as part of a space travel promotion tour. Behind the scenes, planning was underway for a nuclear-powered spaceship that could reach Mars. Failed nuclear Russian satellite Mingus worked at the United States Department of Energy's emergency command center in Las Vegas on January 24, 1978 when a nuclear-powered Russian spy satellite (Cosmos 954) crashed in Canada. The top job while fielding calls at the emergency command center was to prevent Americans from panicking. All that the agency would report was that a \"Space Aged Difficulty\" had occurred, nothing about a nuclear-powered satellite with potential lethal fallout. Under attack In 1982 Mingus was securing an underground test at Area 6. The base had a live nuclear bomb exposed above ground. During the process of lowering", "title": "Richard Mingus" }, { "docid": "58057041", "text": "In 1952, the United Kingdom was the third country to develop and test nuclear weapons, after the United States and Soviet Union. and is one of the five nuclear-weapon states under the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. The UK initiated a nuclear weapons programme, codenamed Tube Alloys, during the Second World War. At the Quebec Conference in August 1943, it was merged with the American Manhattan Project. The British contribution to the Manhattan Project saw British scientists participate in most of its work. The British government considered nuclear weapons to be a joint discovery, but the American Atomic Energy Act of 1946 (McMahon Act) restricted other countries, including the UK, from access to information about nuclear weapons. Fearing the loss of Britain's great power status, the UK resumed its own project, now codenamed High Explosive Research. On 3 October 1952, it detonated an atomic bomb in the Monte Bello Islands in Australia in Operation Hurricane. Eleven more British nuclear weapons tests in Australia were carried out over the following decade, including seven British nuclear tests at Maralinga in 1956 and 1957. The British hydrogen bomb programme demonstrated Britain's ability to produce thermonuclear weapons in the Operation Grapple nuclear tests in the Pacific, and led to the amendment of the McMahon Act. Since the 1958 US–UK Mutual Defence Agreement, the US and the UK have cooperated extensively on nuclear security matters. The nuclear Special Relationship between the two countries has involved the exchange of classified scientific data and fissile materials such as uranium-235 and plutonium. After the cancellation of the Blue Streak in 1960, the US supplied the UK with Polaris missiles and nuclear submarine technology. The US also supplied the Royal Air Force and British Army of the Rhine with nuclear weapons under Project E in the form of aerial bombs, missiles, depth charges and artillery shells until 1992. Nuclear-capable American aircraft have been based in the UK since 1949, but the last US nuclear weapons were withdrawn in 2006. In 1982, the Polaris Sales Agreement was amended to allow the UK to purchase Trident II missiles. Since 1998, when the UK decommissioned its tactical WE.177 bombs, the Trident has been the only operational nuclear weapons system in British service. 1913 H. G. Wells coins the term \"atomic bomb\" in his novel The World Set Free. 1932 February: The neutron discovered by James Chadwick at the Cavendish Laboratory at the University of Cambridge. April: John Cockcroft and Ernest Walton split lithium nuclei with accelerated protons at the Cavendish Laboratory. 1933 Ernest Rutherford and Mark Oliphant discover helium-3 and tritium. 1938 December: In Germany, Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann bombard uranium with neutrons, and discover that the uranium had been split. 1939 January: Lise Meitner and Otto Frisch publish a theoretical justification for the process in Nature, which they call \"fission\". January: Niels Bohr and John A. Wheeler apply the liquid drop model developed by Bohr and Fritz Kalckar to explain the mechanism of nuclear fission. Bohr hypothesises that", "title": "Timeline of strategic nuclear weapon systems of the United Kingdom" }, { "docid": "4380587", "text": "A nuclear explosion is an explosion that occurs as a result of the rapid release of energy from a high-speed nuclear reaction. The driving reaction may be nuclear fission or nuclear fusion or a multi-stage cascading combination of the two, though to date all fusion-based weapons have used a fission device to initiate fusion, and a pure fusion weapon remains a hypothetical device. Nuclear explosions are used in nuclear weapons and nuclear testing. Atmospheric nuclear explosions are associated with mushroom clouds, although mushroom clouds can occur with large chemical explosions. It is possible to have an air-burst nuclear explosion without those clouds. Nuclear explosions produce high levels of ionizing radiation and radioactive debris that is harmful to humans and can cause moderate to severe skin burns, eye damage, radiation sickness, radiation-induced cancer and possible death depending on how far a person is from the blast radius. Nuclear explosions can also have detrimental effects on the climate, lasting from months to years. In a 1983 article, Carl Sagan claimed that a small-scale nuclear war could release enough particles into the atmosphere to cause the planet to cool and cause crops, animals, and agriculture to disappear across the globe—an effect named nuclear winter. History The beginning (fission explosions) The first manmade nuclear explosion occurred on July 16, 1945, at 5:50 am on the Trinity test site near Alamogordo, New Mexico, in the United States, an area now known as the White Sands Missile Range. The event involved the full-scale testing of an implosion-type fission atomic bomb. In a memorandum to the U.S. Secretary of War, General Leslie Groves describes the yield as equivalent to 15,000 to 20,000 tons of TNT. Following this test, a uranium-gun type nuclear bomb (Little Boy) was dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima on August 6, 1945, with a blast yield of 15 kilotons; and a plutonium implosion-type bomb (Fat Man) on Nagasaki on August 9, 1945, with a blast yield of 21 kilotons. Fat Man and Little Boy are the only instances in history of nuclear weapons being used as an act of war. On August 29, 1949, the USSR became the second country to successfully test a nuclear weapon. RDS-1, dubbed \"First Lightning\" by the Soviets and \"Joe-1\" by the US, produced a 20 kiloton explosion and was essentially a copy of the American Fat Man plutonium implosion design. Thermonuclear Era (fusion explosions) The United States' first thermonuclear weapon, Ivy Mike, was detonated on 1 November 1952 at Enewetak Atoll and yielded 10 Megatons of explosive force. The first thermonuclear weapon tested by the USSR, RDS-6s (Joe-4), was detonated on August 12, 1953, at the Semipalatinsk Test Site in Kazakhstan and yielded about 400 kilotons. RDS-6s' design, nicknamed the Sloika, was remarkably similar to a version designed for the U.S. by Edward Teller nicknamed the \"Alarm Clock\", in that the nuclear device was a two-stage weapon: the first explosion was triggered by fission and the second more powerful explosion by fusion. The Sloika core consisted", "title": "Nuclear explosion" }, { "docid": "4592501", "text": "The Los Alamos Primer is a printed version of the first five lectures on the principles of nuclear weapons given to new arrivals at the top-secret Los Alamos laboratory during the Manhattan Project. The five lectures were given by physicist Robert Serber in April 1943. The notes from the lectures which became the Primer were written by Edward Condon. History The Los Alamos Primer was composed from five lectures given by the physicist Robert Serber to the newcomers at the Los Alamos Laboratory in April 1943, at the start of the Manhattan Project. The aim of the project was to build the first nuclear bomb, and these lectures were a very concise introduction into the principles of nuclear weapon design. Serber was a postdoctoral student of J. Robert Oppenheimer, the leader of the Los Alamos Laboratory, and worked with him on the project from the very start. The five lectures were conducted at April 5, 7, 9, 12, and 14, 1943; according to Serber, between 30 and 50 people attended them. Notes were taken by Edward Condon; the Primer is just 24-pages-long. Only 36 copies were printed at the time. Serber later described the lectures: Previously the people working at the separate universities had no idea of the whole story. They only knew what part they were working on. So somebody had to give them the picture of what it was all about and what the bomb was like, what was known about the theory, and some idea why they needed the various experimental numbers. In July 1942, Oppenheimer held a \"conference\" at his office at Berkeley. No records were preserved, but the Primer arose from all the aspects of bomb design discussed there. Content The Primer, though only 24-pages-long, consists of 22 sections, divided into chapters: Preliminaries Neutrons and the fission process Critical mass and efficiency Detonation, pre-detonation, and fizzles Conclusion The first paragraph states the intention of the Los Alamos Laboratory during World War II: The object of the project is to produce a practical military weapon in the form of a bomb in which the energy is released by a fast neutron chain reaction in one or more of the materials known to show nuclear fission. The Primer contained the basic physical principles of nuclear fission, as they were known at the time, and their implications for nuclear weapon design. It suggested a number of possible ways to assemble a critical mass of uranium-235 or plutonium, the most simple being the shooting of a \"cylindrical plug\" into a sphere of \"active material\" with a \"tamper\"—dense material which would reflect neutrons inward and keep the reacting mass together to increase its efficiency (this model, the Primer said, \"avoids fancy shapes\"). They also explored designs involving spheroids, a primitive form of \"implosion\" (suggested by Richard C. Tolman), and explored the speculative possibility of \"autocatalytic methods\" which would increase the efficiency of the bomb as it exploded. According to Rhodes, Serber discussed fission cross sections, the energy spectrum of secondary", "title": "Los Alamos Primer" }, { "docid": "462065", "text": "Blue Peacock, renamed from Blue Bunny and originally Brown Bunny, was a British tactical nuclear weapon project in the 1950s. The project's goal was to store a number of ten-kiloton nuclear land mines in Germany. These mines which were intended to be placed on the North German Plain and detonated by wire or an eight-day timer in the event of Soviet invasion from the east. Design Blue Peacock was designed after the free-falling Blue Danube and weighed 7.2 long tons (7,300 kg). A total of two firing units were built: the casing and the warhead. Due to its large steel casing, it had to be tested outdoors in a flooded gravel pit near Sevenoaks in Kent. Since the bomb would be unattended, anti-tampering devices were also used. The casing was pressurized, and pressure and tilt switches were added. The warhead could be detonated via three methods: a wire located away, an eight-day timer, or anti-tampering devices. Once armed, Blue Peacock would detonate ten seconds after being moved, if the casing lost pressure, or if it was filled with water. Project history The project was developed at the Royal Armament Research and Development Establishment (RARDE) at Fort Halstead in Kent in 1954. In July 1957 the British Army ordered ten Blue Peacocks for use in Germany, under the cover story that they were atomic power units for troops in the field. In the end, though, the Ministry of Defence cancelled the project in February 1958. It was judged that the risks posed by the nuclear fallout and the political aspects of preparing for destruction and contamination of allied territory were too high to justify. Chicken-powered nuclear bomb A technical problem is that during winter, the temperature of buried devices can drop quickly, creating a possibility that the mechanisms of the mine will cease working due to low temperatures in the winter. Various methods were studied to solve this problem, such as wrapping the bombs in insulating blankets. One proposal suggested that live chickens would be sealed inside the casing, with a supply of food and water. They would remain alive for approximately a week. Their body heat would apparently have been sufficient to keep the mine's components at a working temperature. This proposal was sufficiently outlandish that it was taken as an April Fool's Day joke when the Blue Peacock file was declassified on 1 April 2004. Tom O'Leary, head of education and interpretation at the National Archives, replied to the media that, \"It does seem like an April Fool but it most certainly is not. The Civil Service does not do jokes.\" See also Rainbow Codes References Abandoned military projects of the United Kingdom Cold War military equipment of the United Kingdom Land mines of the United Kingdom Nuclear mines Nuclear weapons of the United Kingdom", "title": "Blue Peacock" }, { "docid": "159112", "text": "Nuclear terrorism refers to any person or persons detonating a nuclear weapon as an act of terrorism (i.e., illegal or immoral use of violence for a political or religious cause). Some definitions of nuclear terrorism include the sabotage of a nuclear facility and/or the detonation of a radiological device, colloquially termed a dirty bomb, but consensus is lacking. In legal terms, nuclear terrorism is an offense committed if a person unlawfully and intentionally \"uses in any way radioactive material … with the intent to cause death or serious bodily injury; or with the intent to cause substantial damage to property or to the environment; or with the intent to compel a natural or legal person, an international organization or a State to do or refrain from doing an act\", according to the 2005 United Nations International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism. The possibility of terrorist organizations using nuclear weapons (including those of a small size, such as those contained within suitcases) is something which is known of within U.S. culture, and at times previously discussed within the political settings of the U.S. It is considered plausible that terrorists could acquire a nuclear weapon. Nonetheless, despite thefts and trafficking of small amounts of fissile material, there is no credible evidence that any terrorist group has ever obtained or produced nuclear materials of sufficient quantity or purity to produce a viable nuclear weapon. Scope Nuclear terrorism could include: Acquiring or fabricating a nuclear weapon Fabricating a dirty bomb Attacking a nuclear reactor, e.g., by disrupting critical inputs (e.g. water supply) Attacking or taking over a nuclear-armed submarine, plane, or base. Nuclear terrorism, according to a 2011 report published by the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard University, can be executed and distinguished via four pathways: The use of a nuclear weapon that has been stolen or purchased on the black market The use of a crude explosive device built by terrorists or by nuclear scientists who the terrorist organization has furtively recruited The use of an explosive device constructed by terrorists and their accomplices using their own fissile material The acquisition of fissile material from a nation-state. Former U.S. President Barack Obama called nuclear terrorism \"the single most important national security threat that we face\". In his first speech to the U.N. Security Council, President Obama stated that \"Just one nuclear weapon exploded in a city—be it New York or Moscow, Tokyo or Beijing, London or Paris—could kill hundreds of thousands of people\", and warned such an attack could \"destabilize our security, our economies, and our very way of life\". History As early as December 1945, politicians worried about the possibility of smuggling nuclear weapons into the United States, though this was still in the context of a battle between the superpowers of the Cold War. Congressmen quizzed the \"father of the atomic bomb,\" J. Robert Oppenheimer, about the possibility of detecting a smuggled atomic bomb: This sparked further work on the question of smuggled", "title": "Nuclear terrorism" }, { "docid": "4233909", "text": "A ground burst is the detonation of an explosive device such as an artillery shell, nuclear weapon or air-dropped bomb that explodes at ground level. These weapons are set off by fuses that are activated when the weapon strikes the ground or something equally hard, such as a concrete building, or otherwise detonated at the surface. In the context of a nuclear weapon, a ground burst is a detonation on the ground, in shallow water, or below the fallout-free altitude. This condition produces substantial amounts of nuclear fallout. An air burst or a deep subterranean detonation, by contrast, makes little fallout. Ground shock Ground shock, or water shock will result from nuclear explosions on (or near) the surface of ground or water. The ground shock can damage or destroy hardened structures. In water, the shock is damaging to nearby vessels and may also produce a surface wave to limited ranges. A crater is formed by an explosion at (or near) the ground surface. The size of the crater depends on the type of ground material and how close to the ground surface the explosion occurs. See also Air burst References Bombs Weapon operation", "title": "Ground burst" }, { "docid": "35334134", "text": "Ben Coes (born September 10, 1966) is a New York Times best-selling author of international political thriller and espionage novels. Coes's novels feature Dewey Andreas, a former member of U.S. Special Forces 1st SFOD-D, also known as Delta Force. Coes has called his books \"reality-based,\" drawing upon his early career at the White House and in finance. Coes has credited his godfather, a former member of the U.S. Navy SEALs, with influencing the often violent, brutally realistic plots of his novels. Early life Ben Coes was born in Hartford, Connecticut and raised in West Simsbury, Connecticut. He attended the Groton School, a boarding school in Massachusetts which counts Franklin D. Roosevelt among its alumni Coes attended Columbia College in New York City, where he was awarded the university's writing prize, the Bennett Cerf Memorial Award. Political and business career Coes started his career as a White House intern under President Ronald Reagan, and then served as the White House-appointed speechwriter for former U.S. Secretary of Energy James D. Watkins under President George H. W. Bush. He also wrote speeches for T. Boone Pickens and was campaign manager for Mitt Romney’s 2002 run for governor of Massachusetts. He is a managing partner at The Mustang Group, a private equity firm, which has invested in a number of companies, including Cascade Lacrosse, Vermont Teddy Bear, Scribe Software, Mr. Youth, CrowdTap, Country Club Enterprises, Net Direct Merchants, and SOG Specialty Knives, and is a former fellow of the Harvard University Institute of Politics. Books Power Down, Ben Coes's debut novel, stars Dewey Andreas, who faces terrorists trying to destroy America by attacking its energy resources. His second book, Coup d'État, is a sequel to Power Down. Pakistan drops a nuclear bomb on India, and Dewey must stop the situation from escalating. Coes's third novel, The Last Refuge, features a joint covert U.S.-Israel paramilitary operation to penetrate Iran and stop the country from detonating a nuclear device inside Tel Aviv. The fourth installment in the series, Eye For An Eye, involves a clandestine confrontation between China and the U.S., in which Dewey infiltrates the PRC to take revenge for the death of his fiancée. In Coes's fifth book, Independence Day, Dewey must stop a Russian computer hacker and terrorist from detonating a stolen Soviet-era nuclear bomb in New York City on the 4th of July. \"First Strike\", the sixth book in the Dewey Andreas series, involves America's role in the creation of ISIS through an illegal covert arms-for-influence program. When ISIS takes over a dormitory at Columbia University, (Coes' alma mater) Dewey and a small team of operatives must wage an underground assault on the dormitory in order to save the lives of hundreds. Charitable work In 2013, Ben and his family started Thrillers for America's Best, a non-profit that sends books to U.S. Veterans at VA homes and hospitals in the U.S. Its first shipment of books was made in August 2013. Bibliography Dewey Andreas series \"Salina\" (short story), February 1, 2016. \"Shooting", "title": "Ben Coes" }, { "docid": "227519", "text": "Operation Crossroads was a pair of nuclear weapon tests conducted by the United States at Bikini Atoll in mid-1946. They were the first nuclear weapon tests since Trinity on July 16, 1945, and the first detonations of nuclear devices since the atomic bombing of Nagasaki on August 9, 1945. The purpose of the tests was to investigate the effect of nuclear weapons on warships. The Crossroads tests were the first of many nuclear tests held in the Marshall Islands, and the first to be publicly announced beforehand and observed by an invited audience, including a large press corps. They were conducted by Joint Army/Navy Task Force One, headed by Vice Admiral William H. P. Blandy rather than by the Manhattan Project, which had developed nuclear weapons during World War II. A fleet of 95 target ships was assembled in Bikini Lagoon and hit with two detonations of Fat Man plutonium implosion-type nuclear weapons of the kind dropped on Nagasaki in 1945, each with a yield of . The first test was Able. The bomb was named Gilda after Rita Hayworth's character in the 1946 film Gilda, and was dropped from the B-29 Superfortress Dave's Dream of the 509th Bombardment Group on July 1, 1946. It detonated above the target fleet and caused less than the expected amount of ship damage because it missed its aim point by . The second test was Baker. The bomb was known as Helen of Bikini and was detonated underwater on July 25, 1946. Radioactive sea spray caused extensive contamination. A third deep-water test named Charlie was planned for 1947 but was canceled primarily because of the United States Navy's inability to decontaminate the target ships after the Baker test. Ultimately, only nine target ships were able to be scrapped rather than scuttled. Charlie was rescheduled as Operation Wigwam, a deep-water shot conducted in 1955 off the coast of Mexico (Baja California). Bikini's native residents were evacuated from the island on board the LST-861, with most moving to the Rongerik Atoll. In the 1950s, a series of large thermonuclear tests rendered Bikini unfit for subsistence farming and fishing because of radioactive contamination. Bikini remains uninhabited , though it is occasionally visited by sport divers. Planners attempted to protect participants in the Operation Crossroads tests against radiation sickness, but one study showed that the life expectancy of participants was reduced by an average of three months. The Baker test's radioactive contamination of all the target ships was the first case of immediate, concentrated radioactive fallout from a nuclear explosion. Chemist Glenn T. Seaborg, the longest-serving chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission, called Baker \"the world's first nuclear disaster.\" Background The first proposal to test nuclear weapons against naval warships was made on August 16, 1945, by Lewis Strauss, future chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission. In an internal memo to Secretary of the Navy James Forrestal, Strauss argued, \"If such a test is not made, there will be loose talk to the effect that the fleet", "title": "Operation Crossroads" }, { "docid": "858827", "text": "Duck and Cover is a 1952 American civil defense animated and live action social guidance film that is often mischaracterized as propaganda. It has similar themes to the more adult-oriented civil defense training films. It was widely distributed to United States schoolchildren in the 1950s, and teaches students what to do in the event of a nuclear explosion. The film was funded by the US Federal Civil Defense Administration and released in January 1952. At the time, the Soviet Union was engaged in nuclear testing and the US was in the midst of the Korean War. It was written by Raymond J. Mauer, directed by Anthony Rizzo of Archer Productions, narrated by actor Robert Middleton, and made with help from schoolchildren from New York City and Astoria, New York. The film is in the public domain and widely available through Internet sources such as YouTube, as well as on DVD. It was screened on Turner Classic Movies' Saturday night–Sunday morning film showcase series, TCM Underground. In 2004, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress for being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant.\" Plot summary The film starts with an animated sequence, showing an anthropomorphic turtle walking down a road while picking up a flower and smelling it. A chorus sings the Duck and Cover theme: Bert is shown being attacked by a monkey holding a lit firecracker or stick of dynamite on the end of a string. Bert ducks into his shell as the charge goes off and destroys both the monkey and the tree in which he is sitting, making it out safe because he ducked and covered. The film then switches to live footage, as narrator Middleton explains what children should do \"when you see the flash\" of an atomic bomb. It is suggested that by ducking down low in the event of a nuclear explosion, such as crawling under desks, children would be safer than they would be standing. It also explains some basic survival tactics for nuclear war, such as facing a wall that might lend protection. The last scene of the film returns to animation, in which Bert the Turtle (voiced by Carl Ritchie) summarily asks what everybody should do in the event of an atomic bomb flash and is given the correct answer by a group of unseen children. Purpose After nuclear weapons were developed, with Trinity having been the first nuclear weapon to be developed through the Manhattan Project during World War II, it soon became clear the danger they posed. The United States held a nuclear monopoly from the end of World War II until 1949, when the Soviets detonated their first nuclear device. Soon after, the nuclear stage of the Cold War began; as a result, strategies for survival were thought out. Fallout shelters, both private and public, were built, but the government deemed it necessary to teach citizens about the danger of atomic and hydrogen bombs and give them training", "title": "Duck and Cover (film)" }, { "docid": "197342", "text": "A doomsday device is a hypothetical construction — usually a weapon or weapons system — which could destroy all life on a planet, particularly Earth, or destroy the planet itself, bringing \"doomsday\", a term used for the end of planet Earth. Most hypothetical constructions rely on hydrogen bombs being made arbitrarily large, assuming there are no concerns about delivering them to a target (see Teller–Ulam design) or that they can be \"salted\" with materials designed to create long-lasting and hazardous fallout (e.g., a cobalt bomb). Doomsday devices and the nuclear holocaust they bring about have been present in literature and art especially in the 20th century, when advances in science and technology made world destruction (or at least the eradication of all human life) a credible scenario. Many classics in the genre of science fiction take up the theme in this respect. The term \"doomsday machine\" itself is attested from 1960, but the alliterative \"doomsday device\" has since become the more popular phrase. History Since the 1954 Castle Bravo thermonuclear weapon test demonstrated the feasibility of making arbitrarily large nuclear devices which could cover vast areas with radioactive fallout by rendering anything around them intensely radioactive, nuclear weapons theorists such as Leo Szilard conceived of a doomsday machine, a massive thermonuclear device surrounded by hundreds of tons of cobalt which, when detonated, would create massive amounts of Cobalt-60, rendering most of the Earth too radioactive to support life. RAND strategist Herman Kahn postulated that Soviet or US nuclear decision makers might choose to build a doomsday machine that would consist of a computer linked to a stockpile of hydrogen bombs, programmed to detonate them all and bathe the planet in nuclear fallout at the signal of an impending nuclear attack from another nation. The US and its doomsday device's theoretical ability to deter a nuclear attack is that it would go off automatically without human aid and despite human intervention. Kahn conceded that some planners might see \"doomsday machines\" as providing a highly credible threat that would dissuade attackers and avoid the dangerous game of brinkmanship caused by the massive retaliation concept which governed US-Soviet nuclear relations in the mid-1950s. However, in his discussion of doomsday machines, Kahn raises the problem of a nuclear-armed Nth country triggering a doomsday machine, and states that he didn't advocate that the US acquire a doomsday machine. The Dead Hand (or \"Perimeter\") system built by the Soviet Union during the Cold War has been called a \"doomsday machine\" due to its fail-deadly design and nuclear capabilities. In fiction Doomsday devices started becoming more common in science fiction in the 1940s and 1950s, due to the invention of nuclear weapons and the constant fear of total destruction. A well-known example is in the film Dr. Strangelove (1964), where a doomsday device, based on Szilard and Kahn's ideas, is triggered by an incompletely aborted American attack and all life on Earth is extinguished. Another is in the Star Trek episode The Doomsday Machine (1967), where the", "title": "Doomsday device" }, { "docid": "34634378", "text": "National Response Scenario Number One is the United States federal government's planned response to a small scale nuclear attack. It is one of the National Response Scenarios developed by the United States Department of Homeland Security, considered the most likely of fifteen emergency scenarios to impact the United States. The Scenarios are related to the National Response Framework (NRF), which describes the structures and mechanisms of a response and the National Incident Management System (NIMS) that gives a framework to orchestrate emergency management. The scenario anticipates terrorists detonating a single, 10 kiloton weapon (about two-thirds the size of the Hiroshima bomb) in a major city, as opposed to a full-scale nuclear war, in which a foreign power such as Russia or China would detonate hundreds or thousands of weapons. The guidelines and the implementation framework were developed after the September 11 attacks and the Hurricane Katrina disaster. The nuclear threat Nuclear weapons materials on the black market are a global concern, and there is concern about the possible detonation of a small, crude nuclear weapon by a terrorist group in a major city, with significant loss of life and property. President Barack Obama has reviewed Homeland Security policy and concluded that \"attacks using improvised nuclear devices [...] pose a serious and increasing national security risk.\" In their presidential contest, President George W. Bush and Senator John Kerry both agreed that the most serious danger facing the United States is the possibility that terrorists could obtain a nuclear bomb. Most nuclear-weapon analysts agree that \"building such a device would pose few technological challenges to reasonably competent terrorists.” The main barrier is acquiring highly enriched uranium. Despite a number of claims, there is no credible evidence that any terrorist group has yet succeeded in obtaining a nuclear bomb or the materials needed to make one. In 2004, Graham Allison, U.S. Assistant Secretary of Defense during the Clinton administration, wrote that \"on the current path, a nuclear terrorist attack on America in the decade ahead is more likely than not.\" Also in 2004, Bruce Blair, president of the Center for Defense Information stated: \"I wouldn't be at all surprised if nuclear weapons are used over the next 15 or 20 years, first and foremost by a terrorist group that gets its hands on a Russian nuclear weapon or a Pakistani nuclear weapon.\" In 2006, Robert Gallucci of the Georgetown University School of Foreign Service estimated that \"it is more likely than not that al-Qaeda or one of its affiliates will detonate a nuclear weapon in a U.S. city within the next five to ten years.\" The scenario The response timeline will begin the instant the detonation occurs. In this scenario, a terrorist cell creates a nuclear device using highly enriched uranium (HEU) using nuclear device components that are smuggled into the United States. The 10-kiloton nuclear device would most likely be assembled near a large U.S. city. The cities that would most likely be attacked are Washington, New York City and Los Angeles.", "title": "National Response Scenario Number One" }, { "docid": "825722", "text": "Ivy King was the largest pure-fission nuclear bomb ever tested by the United States. The bomb was tested during the Truman administration as part of Operation Ivy. This series of tests involved the development of very powerful nuclear weapons in response to the nuclear weapons program of the Soviet Union. The production of Ivy King was hurried to be ready in case its sister project, Ivy Mike, failed in its attempt to achieve a thermonuclear reaction. The Ivy King test actually took place two weeks after the Mike test. Unlike the Mike bomb, the Ivy King device could theoretically have been added to United States' nuclear arsenal, because it was designed to be air-deliverable. On November 16, 1952 at 11:30 local time (23:30 GMT) a B-36H bomber dropped the bomb over a point north of Runit Island in the Enewetak atoll, resulting in a 500 kiloton explosion at . The tropopause height at the time of the detonation was about . The top of the King cloud reached about with the mushroom base at about . The Ivy King bomb, designated as a Mk-18 bomb and named the \"Super Oralloy Bomb\", was a modified version of the Mk-6D bomb. Instead of using an implosion system similar to the Mk-6D, it used a 92-point implosion system initially developed for the Mk-13. Its uranium-plutonium core was replaced by 60 kg of highly enriched uranium (HEU) fashioned into a thin-walled sphere equivalent to approximately four critical masses. The thin-walled sphere was a commonly used design, which ensured that the fissile material remained sub-critical until imploded. The HEU sphere was then enclosed in a natural-uranium tamper. To physically prevent the HEU sphere collapsing into a critical condition if the surrounding explosives were detonated accidentally, or if the sphere was crushed following an aircraft accident, the hollow center was filled with a chain made from aluminum and boron, which was pulled out to arm the bomb. The boron-coated chain also absorbed the neutrons needed to drive the nuclear reaction. The primary designer of the Super Oralloy Bomb, physicist Ted Taylor, later became a vocal proponent of nuclear disarmament. With an explosive force of 500-kilotons, Ivy King is the second largest known fission-only device ever tested after the Orange Herald nuclear device, a 720-kiloton atomic bomb tested by the United Kingdom on 31 May 1957, which remains to date the largest fission device ever tested. Gallery References Chuck Hansen (1995) Swords of Armageddon. Published on CD-Rom only by Chukelea, Sunnyvale, CA. External links Operation Ivy Video of the Ivy King Nuclear Test Explosions in 1952 Enewetak Atoll nuclear explosive tests 1952 in the United States Articles containing video clips November 1952 events in the United States", "title": "Ivy King" }, { "docid": "324997", "text": "Radiological warfare is any form of warfare involving deliberate radiation poisoning or contamination of an area with radiological sources. Radiological weapons are normally classified as weapons of mass destruction (WMDs), although radiological weapons can also be specific in whom they target, such as the radiation poisoning of Alexander Litvinenko by the Russian FSB, using radioactive polonium-210. Numerous countries have expressed an interest in radiological weapons programs, several have actively pursued them, and three have performed radiological weapons tests. Salted nuclear weapons A salted bomb is a nuclear weapon that is equipped with a large quantity of radiologically inert salting material. The radiological warfare agents are produced through neutron capture by the salting materials of the neutron radiation emitted by the nuclear weapon. This avoids the problems of having to stockpile the highly radioactive material, as it is produced when the bomb explodes. The result is a more intense fallout than from regular nuclear weapons and can render an area uninhabitable for a long period. The cobalt bomb is an example of a radiological warfare weapon, where cobalt-59 is converted to cobalt-60 by neutron capture. Initially, gamma radiation of the nuclear fission products from an equivalent sized \"clean\" fission-fusion-fission bomb (assuming the amount of radioactive dust particles generated are equal) are much more intense than cobalt-60: 15,000 times more intense at 1 hour; 35 times more intense at 1 week; 5 times more intense at 1 month; and about equal at 6 months. Thereafter fission drops off rapidly so that cobalt-60 fallout is 8 times more intense than fission at 1 year and 150 times more intense at 5 years. The very long-lived isotopes produced by fission would overtake the cobalt-60 again after about 75 years. Other salted bomb variants that do not use cobalt have also been theorized. For example, salting with sodium-23, that transmutes to sodium-24, which because of its 15-hour half-life results in intense radiation. Surface-burst nuclear weapons An air burst is preferred if the effects of thermal radiation and blast wave is to be maximized for an area (i.e. area covered by direct line of sight and sufficient luminosity to cause burning, and formation of mach stem respectively). Both fission and fusion weapons will irradiate the detonation site with neutron radiation, causing neutron activation of the material there. Fission bombs will also contribute with the bomb-material residue. Air will not form isotopes useful for radiological warfare when neutron-activated. By detonating them at or near the surface instead, the ground will be vaporized, become radioactive, and when it cools down and condenses into particles cause significant fallout. Dirty bombs A far lower-tech radiological weapon than those discussed above is a \"dirty bomb\" or radiological dispersal device, whose purpose is to disperse radioactive dust over an area. The release of radioactive material may involve no special \"weapon\" or side forces like a blast explosion and include no direct killing of people from its radiation source, but rather could make whole areas or structures unusable or unfavorable for the support", "title": "Radiological warfare" }, { "docid": "72361077", "text": "The 36th Bomber Division or 36th Air Division (, 36th AD) of the People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) is an air formation of the People's Republic of China (PRC). The 36th Bomber Division is one of only three bomber divisions in the PLAAF and is presently assigned to the Central Theater Command Air Force. History The 36th Bomber Division began as the PLAAF's 4th Independent Regiment reorganized from the 28th Air Regiment of the 10th Bomber Division (today assigned to the Eastern Theater Command Air Force) on 15 March 1953. The 4th Independent Regiment originally operated the Soviet-gifted Tupolev Tu-4 bombers, becoming the PLAAF's first heavy bomber unit. A year later in March 1954, the unit was relocated to Nanyuan Air Base (China's oldest airfield dating back to the Qing Dynasty) near Beijing until March 1955 when it was again moved to Wugong, Shaanxi, joining the Northwest Military Region Air Force (later Lanzhou). Although it is unclear why the regiment would adopt older bombers, reports of the unit's history mention receipt of Soviet Tu-2s in April of 1960. The 4th Independent Regiment was renamed to its current designation, the 36th Bomber Division on 13 April 1965 with its headquarters remaining in Wugong, Shaanxi Province. Four years later, in May 1969, the three brigades under the 4th Independent Regiment (106th, 107th, and 108th) became the 106th, 107th, and 108th Air Regiments of the 36th Bomber Division. Shortly after, the division's 106th Air Regiment (which does not exist today) was transformed into a Tu-4 electronic warfare and reconnaissance regiment and was transferred to the Wuhan Military Region Air Force (today part of the Southern Theater Command). The 106th Air Regiment would be disestablished in 2004 and its aircraft used to form an independent aerial survey regiment. On 16 October 1964, under Project 596, China detonated its first atomic bomb (a 22 kiloton, U-235 implosion fission device) at Lop Nur Test Base in Xinjiang as part of the \"Two Bombs, One Satellite\" program. Only seven months later, on 14 May 1965, a Xian H-6 bomber of the 36th Bomber Division dropped a fully weaponized version of the bomb in the PRC's second nuclear test and the nation's first air-delivered nuclear detonation. Although China's first satellite, the Dong Fang Hong 1, wouldn't be launched until April 1970, China continued its progress in achieving the goals of its \"Two Bombs, One Satellite\" program with its first test of a hydrogen bomb (thermonuclear) on 14 June 1967, also dropped from an H-6 bomber of the 36th Bomber Division. The division would also drop a 700-kiloton atomic airburst for the PRC's Test No. 6 on 16 October 1980 (exactly sixteen years from the first test), the world's last atmospheric nuclear detonation. In 1996, a flight group of the 108th Air Regiment was honored with the title \"Shenwei Flight Group\" (), where \"Shenwei\" loosely translates to invincible or divine. In 2016, following Xi Jinping's replacement of military regions with theater commands, the 36th Bomber Division was resubordinated", "title": "36th Bomber Division (People's Republic of China)" }, { "docid": "3618361", "text": "Trinity and Beyond: The Atomic Bomb Movie is a 1995 American documentary film directed by Peter Kuran and narrated by William Shatner. Using restored archive footage, the film traces the development of nuclear weapons and their testing, from America's Trinity test of 1945 (hence the title) to the first Chinese atomic bomb test in 1964. Kuran's commentary on the DVD version claims that the DVD replaces some of the original footage with better-quality versions. There are some short special effects sequences too. The film has also since been released on Blu-ray. Synopsis Included is footage of nuclear tests starting with the May 1945 trial run to Trinity (the first atomic bomb), a 100-ton TNT blast used to scale and calibrate the Trinity device, and ending with the last U.S. atmospheric nuclear detonation (called Tightrope) of the Nike Hercules air defense missile in 1963. Also included are test series in the South Pacific, footage of the firing of the U.S. Army's atomic cannon at the Nevada Test Site in 1953, and color images of multi-megaton high altitude air bursts over Johnston Island just before the limited test ban treaty went into effect (banning all except underground detonations) in 1963. Production The film's publicity claims that much of the American footage is newly declassified and previously unseen. Kuran's research brought him into contact with many of the cameramen who photographed the American tests, leading to the production of another documentary, Atomic Filmmakers which featured their reminiscences of working on the program. A new patented image restoration process was used for the first time to improve considerably the image quality of old and fading film stock. The film's music (composed by William T. Stromberg) was performed by the Moscow Symphony Orchestra, symbolizing the end of the cold war. Footage from a Soviet documentary about the Tsar Bomba is featured in Trinity and Beyond, where it is referred to as the Russian monster bomb. See also The Atomic Cafe How to Photograph an Atomic Bomb List of films about nuclear issues References External links Official soundtrack playlist on YouTube Official trailer Official YouTube channel 1995 films American documentary films Documentary films about nuclear war and weapons Collage film William Shatner Documentary films about the Cold War 1990s English-language films 1990s American films", "title": "Trinity and Beyond" }, { "docid": "5329055", "text": "Canopus (or Opération Canopus) was the codename of the first French two-stage thermonuclear test. It was conducted by the Pacific Carrier Battle Group (nicknamed Alfa Force) on 24 August 1968, at the Pacific Experiments Centre near Fangataufa atoll, French Polynesia. The test made France the fifth country to test a thermonuclear device after the United States, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and China. It was the most powerful nuclear device ever detonated by France. History In 1966, France was able to use fusion fuel to boost plutonium implosion devices with the Rigel shot. Robert Dautray, (real name : Ignatz Koushelewitz) a nuclear physicist, was selected by the CEA to lead the development effort to construct a two-stage weapon. France did not have the ability to produce the materials needed for a two-stage thermonuclear device at the time, so 151 tons of heavy water was purchased from Norway and an additional 168 tons from the United States. This heavy water went into nuclear reactors in 1967 to produce tritium needed for the device. France was to test the new device as part of a 5-shot series conducted at the nuclear testing grounds in French Polynesia. The device weighed three tons and used a lithium deuteride secondary stage with a highly enriched uranium jacket primary. Fangataufa was selected as the location of the shot due to its isolation in respect to the main base on Mururoa. The device was suspended from a large hydrogen filled balloon. It was detonated at 18:30:00.5 GMT with a 2.6 megaton yield at an altitude of . Nominal yield was .ctbto As a result of the successful detonation, France became the 5th thermonuclear nation. A flotilla codenamed Alfa Force led by French aircraft carrier Clemenceau deployed to the south Pacific during the time of the test. The naval force present around the two atolls massed more than 120,000 tons displacement and represented more than 40% of the tonnage of the entire French navy. International reactions The announcement by France in the late 1960s to test a hydrogen bomb provoked the People's Republic of China to conduct a full scale hydrogen bomb test of its own on 17 June 1967. In popular culture The 1998 film Godzilla uses this particular test as the basis for the origin of the titular monster, a marine iguana mutated by the fallout from the blast while still in its egg (however, the footage in the movie is actually of the United States' Baker Test in 1946.) See also Gerboise Bleue (French first atmospheric A-bomb) Agate (French first underground A-bomb) Force de frappe Nuclear weapons and France List of states with nuclear weapons History of nuclear weapons External links France's Nuclear Weapons Program at the Atomic Forum Archives sur le Centre d'Expérimentations Nucléaires du Pacifique (C.E.P.) à Moruroa, Hao et Fangataufa References French nuclear weapons testing 1968 in France 1968 in French Polynesia August 1968 events in Oceania", "title": "Canopus (nuclear test)" }, { "docid": "2095669", "text": "In 1952, the United Kingdom became the third country (after the United States and the Soviet Union) to develop and test nuclear weapons, and is one of the five nuclear-weapon states under the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. The UK initiated a nuclear weapons programme, codenamed Tube Alloys, during the Second World War. At the Quebec Conference in August 1943, it was merged with the American Manhattan Project. The British government considered nuclear weapons to be a joint discovery, but the American Atomic Energy Act of 1946 (McMahon Act) restricted other countries, including the UK, from access to information about nuclear weapons. Fearing the loss of Britain's great power status, the UK resumed its own project, now codenamed High Explosive Research. On 3 October 1952, it detonated an atomic bomb in the Monte Bello Islands in Australia in Operation Hurricane. Eleven more British nuclear weapons tests in Australia were carried out over the following decade, including seven British nuclear tests at Maralinga in 1956 and 1957. The British hydrogen bomb programme demonstrated Britain's ability to produce thermonuclear weapons in the Operation Grapple nuclear tests in the Pacific, and led to the amendment of the McMahon Act. Since the 1958 US–UK Mutual Defence Agreement, the US and the UK have cooperated extensively on nuclear security matters. The nuclear Special Relationship between the two countries has involved the exchange of classified scientific data and fissile materials such as uranium-235 and plutonium. The UK has not had a programme to develop an independent delivery system since the cancellation of the Blue Streak in 1960. Instead, it purchased US delivery systems for UK use, fitting them with warheads designed and manufactured by the UK's Atomic Weapons Establishment (AWE) and its predecessor. Under the 1963 Polaris Sales Agreement, the US supplied the UK with Polaris missiles and nuclear submarine technology. The US also supplied the Royal Air Force and British Army of the Rhine with nuclear weapons under Project E in the form of aerial bombs, missiles, depth charges and artillery shells until 1992. Nuclear-capable American aircraft had been based in the UK since 1949, but the last US nuclear weapons were withdrawn in 2008. In 1982, the Polaris Sales Agreement was amended to allow the UK to purchase Trident II missiles. Since 1998, when the UK decommissioned its tactical WE.177 bombs, the Trident has been the only operational nuclear weapons system in British service. The delivery system consists of four s based at HMNB Clyde in Scotland. Each submarine is armed with up to sixteen Trident II missiles, each carrying warheads in up to eight multiple independently targetable re-entry vehicles (MIRVs). With at least one submarine always on patrol, the Vanguards perform a strategic deterrence role and also have a sub-strategic capability. History Tube Alloys The neutron was discovered by James Chadwick at the Cavendish Laboratory at the University of Cambridge in February 1932, and in April 1932, his Cavendish colleagues John Cockcroft and Ernest Walton split lithium atoms with accelerated protons.", "title": "Nuclear weapons of the United Kingdom" }, { "docid": "43056101", "text": "Nuclear testing at Bikini Atoll consisted of the detonation of 24 nuclear weapons by the United States between 1946 and 1958 on Bikini Atoll in the Marshall Islands. Tests occurred at 7 test sites on the reef itself, on the sea, in the air, and underwater. The test weapons produced a combined yield of about 75 Mt of TNT in explosive power. The United States and its allies were engaged in a Cold War nuclear arms race with the Soviet Union to build more advanced bombs from 1947 until 1991. The first series of tests over Bikini Atoll in July 1946 was codenamed Operation Crossroads. The first bomb, named Able, was dropped from an aircraft and detonated above the target fleet. The second, Baker, was suspended under a barge. It produced a large Wilson cloud and contaminated all of the target ships. Chemist Glenn T. Seaborg, the longest-serving chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission, called the second test \"the world's first nuclear disaster.\" A third test, Charlie, was cancelled due to concerns over the lingering radiation from Baker's detonation. The second series of tests in 1954 was codenamed Operation Castle. The first detonation was Castle Bravo, which tested a new design utilizing a dry-fuel thermonuclear bomb. It was detonated at dawn on March 1, 1954. Scientists miscalculated: the 15 Mt of TNT nuclear explosion far exceeded the expected yield of 4–8 Mt of TNT (6 predicted). This was about 1,000 times more powerful than either of the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War II. The scientists and military authorities were shocked by the size of the explosion, and many of the instruments that they had put in place to evaluate the effectiveness of the weapon were destroyed. Authorities had promised the Bikini Atoll's residents that they would be able to return home after the nuclear tests. A majority of the island's family heads agreed to leave the island, and most of the residents were moved to the Rongerik Atoll and later to Kili Island. Both locations proved unsuitable to sustaining life, and the United States provides residents with on-going aid. Despite the promises made by authorities, these and further nuclear tests (Redwing in 1956 and Hardtack in 1958) rendered Bikini unfit for habitation, contaminating the soil and water, making subsistence farming and fishing too dangerous. The United States has paid more than $300 million into various trust funds to compensate the islanders and their descendants. A 2016 investigation found radiation levels on Bikini Atoll as high as 639 mrem yr−1 (6.39mSv/a), well above the established safety standard for habitation. However, Stanford University scientists reported \"an abundance of marine life apparently thriving in the crater of Bikini Atoll\" in 2017. Preparation Residents relocated In February 1946, the United States government forced the 167 Micronesian inhabitants of the atoll to temporarily relocate so that testing could begin on atomic bombs. King Juda agreed to the request, announcing that \"we will go believing that everything is in the hands", "title": "Nuclear testing at Bikini Atoll" }, { "docid": "3247324", "text": "Nuclear weapons delivery is the technology and systems used to place a nuclear weapon at the position of detonation, on or near its target. Several methods have been developed to carry out this task. Strategic nuclear weapons are used primarily as part of a doctrine of deterrence by threatening large targets, such as cities. Weapons meant for use in limited military maneuvers such as destroying specific military, communications, or infrastructure targets, are known as tactical nuclear weapons. In terms of explosive yields, nowadays the former have much larger yield than the latter, even though it is not a rule. The bombs that destroyed Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945 (with TNT equivalents between 15 and 22 kilotons) were weaker than many of today's tactical weapons, yet they achieved the desired effect when used strategically. Nuclear triad A nuclear triad refers to a strategic nuclear arsenal which consists of three components, traditionally strategic bombers, intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), and submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs). The purpose of having a three-branched nuclear capability is to significantly reduce the possibility that an enemy could destroy all of a nation's nuclear forces in a first-strike attack; this, in turn, ensures a credible threat of a second strike, and thus increases a nation's nuclear deterrence. Main delivery mechanisms Gravity bomb Historically the first method of nuclear weapons delivery, and the method used in the twin instances of nuclear warfare in history, was a gravity bomb dropped by a plane. In the years leading up to the development and deployment of nuclear-armed missiles, nuclear bombs represented the most practical means of nuclear weapons delivery; even today, and especially with the decommissioning of nuclear missiles, aerial bombing remains the primary means of offensive nuclear weapons delivery, and the majority of US nuclear warheads are represented in bombs, although some are in the form of missiles. Gravity bombs are designed to be dropped from planes, which requires that the weapon be able to withstand vibrations and changes in air temperature and pressure during the course of a flight. Early weapons often had a removable core for safety, known as in flight insertion (IFI) cores, being inserted or assembled by the air crew during flight. They had to meet safety conditions, to prevent accidental detonation or dropping. A variety of types also had to have a fuse to initiate detonation. US nuclear weapons that met these criteria are designated by the letter \"B\" followed, without a hyphen, by the sequential number of the \"physics package\" it contains. The \"B61\", for example, was the primary bomb in the US arsenal for decades. Various air-dropping techniques exist, including toss bombing, parachute-retarded delivery, and laydown modes, intended to give the dropping aircraft time to escape the ensuing blast. The earliest gravity nuclear bombs (Little Boy and Fat Man) of the United States could only be carried, during the era of their creation, by the special Silverplate limited production (65 airframes by 1947) version of the B-29 Superfortress. The next generation of weapons were still", "title": "Nuclear weapons delivery" }, { "docid": "3183152", "text": "Gun-type fission weapons are fission-based nuclear weapons whose design assembles their fissile material into a supercritical mass by the use of the \"gun\" method: shooting one piece of sub-critical material into another. Although this is sometimes pictured as two sub-critical hemispheres driven together to make a supercritical sphere, typically a hollow projectile is shot onto a spike, which fills the hole in its center. Its name is a reference to the fact that it is shooting the material through an artillery barrel as if it were a projectile. Since it is a relatively slow method of assembly, plutonium cannot be used unless it is purely the 239 isotope. Production of impurity-free plutonium is very difficult and is impractical. The required amount of uranium is relatively large, and thus the overall efficiency is relatively low. The main reason for this is the uranium metal does not undergo compression (and resulting density increase) as does the implosion design. Instead, gun type bombs assemble the supercritical mass by amassing such a large quantity of uranium that the overall distance through which daughter neutrons must travel has so many mean free paths it becomes very probable most neutrons will find uranium nuclei to collide with, before escaping the supercritical mass. The first time gun-type fission weapons were discussed was as part of the British Tube Alloys nuclear bomb development program, the world's first nuclear bomb development program. The British MAUD Report of 1941 laid out how \"an effective uranium bomb which, containing some 25 lb of active material, would be equivalent as regards destructive effect to 1,800 tons of T.N.T\". The bomb would use the gun-type design \"to bring the two halves together at high velocity and it is proposed to do this by firing them together with charges of ordinary explosive in a form of double gun\". The method was applied in four known US programs. First, the \"Little Boy\" weapon which was detonated over Hiroshima and several additional units of the same design prepared after World War II, in 40 Mark 8 bombs, and their replacement, 40 Mark 11 bombs. Both the Mark 8 and Mark 11 designs were intended for use as earth-penetrating bombs (see nuclear bunker buster), for which the gun-type method was preferred for a time by designers who were less than certain that early implosion-type weapons would successfully detonate following an impact. The second program was a family of 11-inch (280 mm) nuclear artillery shells, the W9 and its derivative W19, plus a repackaged W19 in a 16-inch (406 mm) shell for US Navy battleships, the W23. The third family was an 8-inch (203 mm) artillery shell, the W33. South Africa also developed six nuclear bombs based on the gun-type principle, and was working on missile warheads using the same basic design – See South Africa and weapons of mass destruction. There are currently no known gun-type weapons in service: advanced nuclear weapon states tended to abandon the design in favor of the implosion-type weapons, boosted fission weapons,", "title": "Gun-type fission weapon" }, { "docid": "43624479", "text": "The 1950 Rivière-du-Loup B-50 nuclear weapon loss incident refers to loss of a nuclear weapon near Rivière-du-Loup, Quebec, Canada, during the fall of 1950. The bomb was released due to engine troubles, and then was destroyed in a non-nuclear detonation before it hit the ground. Background Returning one of several US Mark 4 nuclear bombs secretly deployed at Goose AFB in Labrador, a USAF Boeing B-50 Superfortress had engine trouble and jettisoned the weapon at . The crew set the bomb to self-destruct at , and released it over the St. Lawrence River. The non-nuclear explosion shook area residents and scattered nearly of radioactive uranium (U-238) used in the weapon's tamper. The plutonium core (\"pit\"), which is the key component for a nuclear reaction and detonation, was not installed in the bomb at the time. The absence of the core probably was because of its high cost and relative scarcity at the time. Standard US Air Force protocol prohibited any aircraft carrying a nuclear device to land with the device if the aircraft was experiencing engine problems — it had to be jettisoned. Per standard protocol, the plutonium trigger was always removed prior to flight and shipped separately to prevent accidental nuclear activation. At the time of the incident, the aircraft was returning from Goose AFB to Davis–Monthan Air Force Base. The troubled aircraft successfully diverted to Loring Air Force Base in Maine. The incident was immediately covered up at the time, and explained away as military practice bombs being detonated. It was not until the 1980s that the Air Force confirmed it had been a nuclear incident. See also List of military nuclear accidents References Rivière-du-Loup Riviere du loup Riviere du loup Riviere du loup Riviere du loup Riviere du loup Riviere du loup Riviere du loup Canada–United States military relations Riviere du loup 1950 disasters in Canada November 1950 events in Canada", "title": "1950 Rivière-du-Loup B-50 nuclear weapon loss incident" }, { "docid": "36880", "text": "Nuclear warfare, also known as atomic warfare, is a military conflict or prepared political strategy that deploys nuclear weaponry. Nuclear weapons are weapons of mass destruction; in contrast to conventional warfare, nuclear warfare can produce destruction in a much shorter time and can have a long-lasting radiological result. A major nuclear exchange would likely have long-term effects, primarily from the fallout released, and could also lead to secondary effects, such as \"nuclear winter\", nuclear famine, and societal collapse. A global thermonuclear war with Cold War-era stockpiles, or even with the current smaller stockpiles, may lead to various scenarios including the extinction of the human species. To date, the only use of nuclear weapons in armed conflict occurred in 1945 with the American atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. On August 6, 1945, a uranium gun-type device (code name \"Little Boy\") was detonated over the Japanese city of Hiroshima. Three days later, on August 9, a plutonium implosion-type device (code name \"Fat Man\") was detonated over the Japanese city of Nagasaki. Together, these two bombings resulted in the deaths of approximately 200,000 people and contributed to the surrender of Japan, which occurred before any further nuclear weapons could be deployed. After World War II, nuclear weapons were also developed by the Soviet Union (1949), the United Kingdom (1952), France (1960), and the People's Republic of China (1964), which contributed to the state of conflict and extreme tension that became known as the Cold War. In 1974, India, and in 1998, Pakistan, two countries that were openly hostile toward each other, developed nuclear weapons. Israel (1960s) and North Korea (2006) are also thought to have developed stocks of nuclear weapons, though it is not known how many. The Israeli government has never admitted nor denied having nuclear weapons, although it is known to have constructed the reactor and reprocessing plant necessary for building nuclear weapons. South Africa also manufactured several complete nuclear weapons in the 1980s, but subsequently became the first country to voluntarily destroy their domestically made weapons stocks and abandon further production (1990s). Nuclear weapons have been detonated on over 2,000 occasions for testing purposes and demonstrations. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 and the resultant end of the Cold War, the threat of a major nuclear war between the two nuclear superpowers was generally thought to have declined. Since then, concern over nuclear weapons has shifted to the prevention of localized nuclear conflicts resulting from nuclear proliferation, and the threat of nuclear terrorism. However, the threat of nuclear war is considered to have resurged after the Russian invasion of Ukraine, particularly with regard to Russian threats to use nuclear weapons during the invasion. Since 1947, the Doomsday Clock of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists has visualized how close the world is to a nuclear war. The Doomsday Clock reached high points in 1953, when the Clock was set to two minutes until midnight after the U.S. and the Soviet Union began testing hydrogen bombs, and", "title": "Nuclear warfare" }, { "docid": "29804947", "text": "Majid Shahriari (, c. 1966 – 29 November 2010) was a top Iranian nuclear scientist and physicist who worked with the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran. Career He specialized in neutron transport, a phenomenon that lies at the heart of nuclear chain reactions in reactors and bombs. According to The Guardian, he \"had no known links to banned nuclear work\". According to Al Jazeera he \"was a quantum physicist and was not a political figure at all\" and he \"was not involved in Iran's nuclear programme\". He was also one of the two Iranian scientists of the International Centre for Synchrotron-Light for Experimental Science Applications in the Middle East, beside Masoud Alimohammadi, another assassinated scientist. According to Time magazine, Majid Shahriari and Aria Tahami were \"Chief Nuclear Scientists of Iran's nuclear program\". Some Iranian media reports said he taught at the Supreme National Defense University, which is run by the Iranian Army, according to The New York Times. Assassination On 29 November 2010, assassins riding motorcycles planted and detonated C-4 (explosive) on his car door whilst he was driving. He was instantly killed. His fellow nuclear scientist Fereydoon Abbasi, a professor at Shahid Beheshti University was severely wounded. Dr. Abbasi's wife was also hurt. The killers had attached bombs to the professors' cars and detonated them from a distance. Iranian officials have variously blamed Israel and the United States for assassinating Shahriari. Saeed Jalili, Iran's chief nuclear negotiator, was quoted as saying Western nations \"exercise terrorism to liquidate Iran's nuclear scientists\". Time magazine ran an article questioning whether this action was perpetrated by Mossad (Israel's external intelligence service). According to The Daily Telegraph (UK), Israel allegedly planned to conduct covert operations against Iran, including assassinations. A Tehran nuclear site was officially renamed after him after his assassination. See also Assassination of Iranian nuclear scientists Ardeshir Hosseinpour Masoud Alimohammadi Fereydoon Abbasi Daryoush Rezaei Mostafa Ahmadi-Roshan References Date of birth unknown 2010 deaths People from Zanjan, Iran Iranian physicists Deaths by car bomb in Iran Iranian murder victims 1966 births People killed in Mossad operations Iran–Israel proxy conflict", "title": "Majid Shahriari" }, { "docid": "4743891", "text": "The Mark 18 nuclear bomb, also known as the SOB or Super Oralloy Bomb, was an American nuclear bomb design which was the highest yield fission bomb produced by the US. The Mark 18 had a design yield of 500 kilotons. Nuclear weapon designer Ted Taylor was the lead designer for the Mark 18. The Mark 18 was tested once, in the Ivy King nuclear test at the Enewetak atoll in the Pacific Ocean on November 16 1952. The test was a complete success at full yield. Description The Mark 18 bomb design used an advanced 92-point implosion system, derived from the Mark 13 nuclear bomb and its ancestors the Mark 6 nuclear bomb, Mark 4 nuclear bomb, and Fat Man Mark 3 nuclear bomb of World War II. Its normal mixed uranium/plutonium fissile core (\"pit\") was replaced with over 60 kg of pure highly enriched uranium or HEU. With a natural uranium tamper layer, the bomb had over four critical masses of fissile material in the core, and was unsafe: the accidental detonation of even one of the detonator triggers would likely cause a significant (many kilotons of energy yield) explosion. An aluminum/boron chain designed to absorb neutrons was placed in the fissile pit to reduce the risk of accidental high yield detonation, and removed during the last steps of the arming sequence. Deployment Beginning in March 1953, the United States deployed a number of Mark 18 bombs. A total of 90 were manufactured and placed in service. The weapon had a short lifetime, and was replaced by thermonuclear weapons in the mid-1950s. The Mark 18 weapons were all modified into lower yield Mark 6 nuclear bomb variants in 1956. See also List of nuclear weapons Ivy King Nuclear weapon design Mark 13 nuclear bomb Mark 6 nuclear bomb Mark 4 nuclear bomb Fat Man Mark 3 nuclear bomb Orange Herald References Cold War aerial bombs of the United States Nuclear bombs of the United States Military equipment introduced in the 1950s", "title": "Mark 18 nuclear bomb" }, { "docid": "3145631", "text": "The explosive yield of a nuclear weapon is the amount of energy released such as blast, thermal, and nuclear radiation, when that particular nuclear weapon is detonated, usually expressed as a TNT equivalent (the standardized equivalent mass of trinitrotoluene which, if detonated, would produce the same energy discharge), either in kilotonnes (kt—thousands of tonnes of TNT), in megatonnes (Mt—millions of tonnes of TNT), or sometimes in terajoules (TJ). An explosive yield of one terajoule is equal to . Because the accuracy of any measurement of the energy released by TNT has always been problematic, the conventional definition is that one kilotonne of TNT is held simply to be equivalent to 1012 calories. The yield-to-weight ratio is the amount of weapon yield compared to the mass of the weapon. The practical maximum yield-to-weight ratio for fusion weapons (thermonuclear weapons) has been estimated to six megatonnes of TNT per tonne of bomb mass (25 TJ/kg). Yields of 5.2 megatonnes/tonne and higher have been reported for large weapons constructed for single-warhead use in the early 1960s. Since then, the smaller warheads needed to achieve the increased net damage efficiency (bomb damage/bomb mass) of multiple warhead systems have resulted in increases in the yield/mass ratio for single modern warheads. Examples of nuclear weapon yields In order of increasing yield (most yield figures are approximate): In comparison, the blast yield of the GBU-43 Massive Ordnance Air Blast bomb is 0.011 kt, and that of the Oklahoma City bombing, using a truck-based fertilizer bomb, was 0.002 kt. The estimated strength of the explosion at the Port of Beirut is 0.3-0.5 kt. Most artificial non-nuclear explosions are considerably smaller than even what are considered to be very small nuclear weapons. Yield limits The yield-to-mass ratio is the amount of weapon yield compared to the mass of the weapon. According to nuclear-weapons designer Ted Taylor, the practical maximum yield-to-mass ratio for fusion weapons is about 6 megatonnes of TNT per tonne (25 TJ/kg). The \"Taylor limit\" is not derived from first principles, and weapons with yields as high as 9.5 megatonnes per tonne have been theorized. The highest achieved values are somewhat lower, and the value tends to be lower for smaller, lighter weapons, of the sort that are emphasized in today's arsenals, designed for efficient MIRV use or delivery by cruise missile systems. The 25 Mt yield option reported for the B41 would give it a yield-to-mass ratio of 5.1 megatonnes of TNT per tonne. While this would require a far greater efficiency than any other current U.S. weapon (at least 40% efficiency in a fusion fuel of lithium deuteride), this was apparently attainable, probably by the use of higher than normal lithium-6 enrichment in the lithium deuteride fusion fuel. This results in the B41 still retaining the record for the highest yield-to-mass weapon ever designed. The W56 demonstrated a yield-to-mass ratio of 4.96 kt per kilogram of device mass, and very close to the predicted 5.1 kt/kg achievable in the highest yield-to-mass weapon ever built, the", "title": "Nuclear weapon yield" }, { "docid": "1766262", "text": "\"Sideshow Bob's Last Gleaming\" is the ninth episode of the seventh season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on November 26, 1995. In this episode, Sideshow Bob attempts to rid Springfield of television by threatening to detonate an atomic bomb. When that backfires, he attempts to kill Bart once again, but this time along with Krusty the Clown. The episode was written by freelance writer Spike Feresten, and features the fifth major appearance of Sideshow Bob. Although Feresten received credit for the episode, the writing staff completely rewrote the episode and very little of Feresten's original script was left in the finished version. It was the first episode of The Simpsons to be directed by Dominic Polcino, who described it as being very difficult to direct. R. Lee Ermey, known for his role in Full Metal Jacket, guest stars as Col. Leslie \"Hap\" Hapablap while Kelsey Grammer reprises his role as Sideshow Bob. The episode is a parody of \"'60s-era nuclear war movies\" and contains several references to Cold War films, including Twilight's Last Gleaming, Dr. Strangelove, and Fail-Safe. In its original broadcast, the episode finished 49th in ratings for the week of November 20–26, 1995, with a Nielsen rating of 8.7 and a 13 share of the audience. The episode received generally positive reviews by critics. Plot At Springfield Minimum Security Prison, Sideshow Bob is disturbed when he hears the other inmates laughing at the inane antics of Krusty the Clown's television show. Believing that television is a fountain of \"mindless drivel\" and wanting to rid the world of it, Bob escapes while on work duty at a local Air Force Base. By mimicking one of the base's colonels he gains access to a restricted area of the hangar, where he steals a 10-megaton nuclear weapon. As the Simpsons and other residents of Springfield are attending an air show held at the base, the signal on the big screen is interrupted by Bob, who threatens to detonate the bomb unless Springfield disables all of its television broadcasts. Upon hearing the announcement, everyone flees the airfield in panic, except for Bart and Lisa. Unable to locate Bob, Mayor Quimby decides to give in to Bob's ultimatum. Krusty, refusing to submit to Bob's demands, takes refuge in a civil defense shack in the desert, which he uses to transmit a heavily improvised show. Lisa deduces that the unusually high-pitched voice of Bob in his broadcast was due to inhaling helium, and locates him in the envelope of the Duff blimp. Bob, having lost his patience thanks to Krusty, tries to detonate the bomb, which turns out to be a dud, because it had passed the expiration date of November 1959. Lisa alerts the police to Bob's location using the blimp's variable-message sign, but Bob deflates the blimp and kidnaps Bart, before stealing the original Wright Brothers aircraft, which had been an exhibit at the air show. Holding a", "title": "Sideshow Bob's Last Gleaming" }, { "docid": "1045731", "text": "The B83 is a variable-yield thermonuclear gravity bomb developed by the United States in the late 1970s that entered service in 1983. With a maximum yield of , it has been the most powerful nuclear weapon in the United States nuclear arsenal since October 25, 2011 after retirement of the B53. It was designed by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. History The B83 was based partly on the earlier B77 program, which was terminated because of cost overruns. The B77 was designed with an active altitude control and lifting parachute system for supersonic low-altitude delivery from the B-1A bomber. B77 nuclear component test firings were attributed to the Operation Anvil series in 1975 and 1976, specifically the \"Cheese\" test shots in Anvil: Anvil Kasseri – 28 October 1975, (B77/B83 full yield) Anvil Muenster – 3 January 1976, Anvil Fontina – 12 February 1976, Anvil Colby – 14 May 1976, The B83 nuclear components have been attributed as the same as the earlier B77. The B83 replaced several earlier weapons, including the B28, B43, and to some extent the ultra-high-yield B53. It was the first U.S. nuclear weapon designed from the start to avoid accidental detonation, with the use of \"insensitive explosives\" in the trigger lens system. Its layout is similar to that of the smaller B61, with the warhead mounted in the forward part of the weapon to make the bomb nose-heavy. It was intended for high-speed carriage (up to Mach 2.0) and delivery at high or low altitude. For the latter role, it is equipped with a parachute retardation system, with a Kevlar ribbon parachute capable of rapid deceleration. It can be employed in free-fall, retarded, contact, and laydown modes, for air-burst or ground-burst detonation. Security features include next-generation permissive action link (PAL) and a command disablement system (CDS), rendering the weapon tactically useless without a nuclear yield. The B83 was test fired in the Grenadier Tierra nuclear weapon test on 15 December 1984, at a reduced yield of 80 kilotonnes due to the Threshold Test Ban Treaty. With the dismantling of the last B53 bomb in 2011, the B83 became the highest yield nuclear weapon in the U.S. arsenal. In 2022, the Biden administration announced plans to retire the B83. The B61-13 is planned to replace the B83. Although its yield is lower at , it incorporates guidance features of the B61-12 for better accuracy while being more powerful than that version to strike harder and large-area targets. Design The bomb is long, with a diameter of . The actual nuclear explosive package, judging from published drawings, occupies some in the forward part of the bomb case. The bomb weighs approximately . The location of the lifting lugs shows that the greater part of the total mass is contained in the nuclear explosive. The bomb has a variable yield: the destructive power is adjustable from somewhere in the low kiloton range up to a maximum of , some 80 times the explosive power of the bomb dropped on Hiroshima.", "title": "B83 nuclear bomb" }, { "docid": "589015", "text": "The United States is known to have possessed three types of weapons of mass destruction: nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons. The U.S. is the only country to have used nuclear weapons on another country, when it detonated two atomic bombs over two Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War II. It had secretly developed the earliest form of the atomic weapon during the 1940s under the title \"Manhattan Project\". The United States pioneered the development of both the nuclear fission and hydrogen bombs (the latter involving nuclear fusion). It was the world's first and only nuclear power for four years, from 1945 until 1949, when the Soviet Union produced its own nuclear weapon. The United States has the second-largest number of nuclear weapons in the world, after the Russian Federation. Nuclear weapons Nuclear weapons have been used twice in combat: two nuclear weapons were used by the United States against Japan during World War II in the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Altogether, the two bombings killed 105,000 people and injured thousands more while devastating hundreds or thousands of military bases, factories, and cottage industries. The U.S. conducted an extensive nuclear testing program. 1054 tests were conducted between 1945 and 1992. The exact number of nuclear devices detonated is unclear because some tests involved multiple devices while a few failed to explode or were designed not to create a nuclear explosion. The last nuclear test by the United States was on September 23, 1992; the U.S. has signed but not ratified the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty. Currently, the United States nuclear arsenal is deployed in three areas: Land-based intercontinental ballistic missiles, or ICBMs; Sea-based, nuclear submarine-launched ballistic missiles, or SLBMs; and Air-based nuclear weapons of the U.S. Air Force's heavy bomber group The United States is one of the five \"Nuclear Weapons States\" under the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, which the U.S. ratified in 1968. On October 13, 1999, the U.S. Senate rejected ratification of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, having previously ratified the Partial Test Ban Treaty in 1963. The U.S. has not, however, tested a nuclear weapon since 1992, though it has tested many non-nuclear components and has developed powerful supercomputers to duplicate the knowledge gained from testing without conducting the actual tests themselves. In the early 1990s, the U.S. stopped developing new nuclear weapons and now devotes most of its nuclear efforts into stockpile stewardship, maintaining and dismantling its now-aging arsenal. The administration of George W. Bush decided in 2003 to engage in research towards a new generation of small nuclear weapons, especially \"earth penetrators\". The budget passed by the United States Congress in 2004 eliminated funding for some of this research including the \"bunker-busting or earth-penetrating\" weapons. The exact number of nuclear weapons possessed by the United States is difficult to determine. Different treaties and organizations have different criteria for reporting nuclear weapons, especially those held in reserve, and those being dismantled or rebuilt: In its Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START)", "title": "United States and weapons of mass destruction" }, { "docid": "229634", "text": "Operation Ivy was the eighth series of American nuclear tests, coming after Tumbler-Snapper and before Upshot–Knothole. The two explosions were staged in late 1952 at Enewetak Atoll in the Pacific Proving Ground in the Marshall Islands. Background The Operation Ivy test series was the first to involve a hydrogen bomb rather than an atomic bomb, further to the order of President Harry S. Truman made on January 31, 1950, that the US should continue research into all forms of nuclear weapons. The bombs were prepared by the US Atomic Energy Commission and Defense Department aboard naval vessels, and were capable of being detonated remotely from the control ship Estes. Tests Mike The first Ivy shot, codenamed Mike, was the first successful full-scale test of a multi-megaton thermonuclear weapon (\"hydrogen bomb\") using the Teller-Ulam design. Unlike later thermonuclear weapons, Mike used deuterium as its fusion fuel, maintained as a liquid by an expensive and cumbersome cryogenic system. The bomb was launched on November 1, 1952, and detonated on Elugelab Island yielding 10.4 megatons, almost 500 times the yield of the bomb dropped on Nagasaki, resulting in the total vaporization of the island. Eight megatons of the yield was from fast fission of the uranium tamper, creating massive amounts of radioactive fallout. The detonation left an underwater crater 6,240 ft (1.9 km) wide and 164 ft (50 m) deep where Elugelab Island had been. Following this successful test, the Mike design was weaponized as the EC-16, but it was quickly abandoned for solid-fueled designs after the success of the Castle Bravo shot. The outcome of the test was reported to incoming president Eisenhower by Atomic Energy Commission Chairman, Gordon Dean, as follows: “The island of Elugelab is missing!” Sampling mission Four USAF F-84G Thunderjets equipped with filters were flown through the mushroom cloud's stem to collect radiochemical samples for analysis. \"Red Flight\" Leader Virgil K. Meroney of the nascent 1211th Test Squadron flew into the stem of the explosion first. In five minutes, he had gathered all the samples he could, and exited. Jimmy Priestly Robinson, age 28, a captain with the 561st Fighter-Day Squadron, was lost near the end of his mission. After re-emerging from the cloud, both he and his wingman, pilot Captain Bob Hagan, encountered difficulties picking up rendezvous and runway navigational beacons due to \"electromagnetic after effects\" of the detonation. Robinson hit an area of severe turbulence, spinning out and barely retaining consciousness. He regained control of his plane at 20,000 feet, but the electromagnetic storm had disrupted his instruments. In rain and poor visibility, without working instruments, Hagan and Robinson were unable to find the KB-29 tanker aircraft to refuel. By the time they were successful in finding the signal, they were dangerously low on fuel, and before reaching the runway on Enewetak, both had depleted their reserves. While Hagan was able to glide and made an extraordinary successful dead-stick landing on the runway, Robinson was instead too far out to follow the same path and therefore", "title": "Operation Ivy" }, { "docid": "1297960", "text": "Rope trick is the term given by American nuclear physicist John Malik to the curious lines and spikes which emanate from the fireball of nuclear explosions under certain conditions, just after detonation. Description The adjacent photograph shows two unusual phenomena: bright spikes projecting from the bottom of the fireball, and the peculiar mottling of the expanding fireball surface. The surface of the fireball, with a temperature over 20,000 Kelvin, emits huge amounts of visible light radiation, more than 100 times the intensity at the Sun's surface. Anything solid in the area absorbs the light and rapidly heats. The \"rope tricks\" that protrude from the bottom of the fireball are caused by the heating, rapid vaporization and then expansion of guy wires that extend from the shot cab—the housing at the top of the bomb tower that contains the explosive device—to the ground. Malik observed that when the guy wires were painted black, spike formation was enhanced, and if it were painted with reflective paint or wrapped in aluminium foil, no spikes were observed – thus confirming the hypothesis that it is heating and vaporization of the rope, induced by exposure to high-intensity visible light radiation, which causes the effect. Because of the lack of guy wires, no \"rope trick\" effects were observed in surface-detonation tests, free-flying weapons tests, or underground tests. The cause of a surface mottling is more complex. In the initial microseconds after the explosion, a fireball is formed around the bomb by the massive numbers of thermal x-rays released by the explosion process. These x-rays cannot travel very far in standard atmosphere before reacting with molecules in the air, so the result is a fireball that rapidly forms within about in diameter and does not expand. This is known as a \"radiatively driven\" fireball. Inside the radiative fireball, the bomb itself is rapidly expanding due to the heat generated by the nuclear reactions. This moves outward at supersonic speeds, creating a hydrodynamic shock wave at its outer edge. After a brief period, this shock front reaches and then passes the initial radiative fireball. The shock wave contains so much energy that the compression heating created in the air causes it to glow. At the point in the explosion captured in the adjacent photo, the shock front has passed the original radiative fireball and has about twice its size. In the first few microseconds after detonation, the bomb casing and shot cab are destroyed and vaporized. These vapors are accelerated to very high velocities, several tens of kilometers per second, faster than the shock front. However, this acceleration happens in a short period, so the material is trapped behind the shock front, even though it eventually travels faster than the shock front. The various light and dark patches are caused by the varying vapor density of the material splashing against the back of the shock front. The irregular variations in mass distribution around the bomb core create the mottled blob-like appearance. Sounding rockets After a few milliseconds, the", "title": "Rope trick effect" }, { "docid": "7305357", "text": "Gerboise Bleue (; ) was the codename of the first French nuclear test. It was conducted by the Nuclear Experiments Operational Group (GOEN), a unit of the Joint Special Weapons Command on 13 February 1960, at the Saharan Military Experiments Centre near Reggane, French Algeria in the Sahara desert region of Tanezrouft, during the Algerian War. General Pierre Marie Gallois was instrumental in the endeavour, and earned the nickname of père de la bombe A (\"father of the A-bomb\"). Name Gerboise is the French word for jerboa, a desert rodent found in the Sahara. The color blue (Bleue) adjuncted is said to come from the first colour of the French Flag. Test Explosion On April 11, 1958, French Prime Minister Félix Gaillard ordered a nuclear test in the first quarter of 1960. President Charles de Gaulle reaffirmed the decision after the French Fourth Republic collapsed in the May 1958 crisis. On 13 February 1960 at 7:04:00 UTC, the plutonium filled bomb was detonated atop a steel tower with a height of 100 metres. The command post was located 16 kilometres away from the blast. In order to study the immediate effects, military equipment was placed at varying distances from the epicenter, while jets flew overhead to take samples of radioactive particles. No journalists were allowed on site; instead, an eyewitness account was given to the French press, saying \"the desert was lit up by a vast flash, followed 45 seconds later by an appreciable shock-wave\"; an \"enormous ball of bluish fire with an orange-red centre\" gave way to the typical mushroom cloud. With Gerboise Bleue, France became the fourth nuclear power, after the United States, the Soviet Union, and the United Kingdom. Prior to this test, there had been no nuclear detonations for 15 months. Gerboise Bleue was by far the largest first test bomb up to that date, larger than the American \"Trinity\" (20 kt), the Soviet \"RDS-1\" (22 kt), or the British \"Hurricane\" (25 kt). The yield was 70 kilotons, bigger than these three bombs put together; In comparison, Fat Man, the Nagasaki bomb, was 22 kilotons, one-third as powerful. As the atomic yield of a new bomb design cannot be precisely predicted, the French army planned an explosion between 60 and 70 kt. Gerboise Bleue was a total success, yielding the full designed power. However, because of the bomb's irregularly high yield, some experts believe that the bomb may have been \"overfilled with plutonium to assure success\". Only two other A-bombs tested in the Sahara facilities were more powerful: Rubis (<100 kt, 20 October 1963), and Saphir (<150 kt, 25 February 1965). Both were detonated underground at the In Ekker facilities. According to Lieutenant Colonel Warner D. Farr in a report to the USAF Counterproliferation Center \"Progress in nuclear science and technology in France and Israel remained closely linked throughout the early fifties.\" Furthermore, according to Farr, \"There were several Israeli observers at the French nuclear tests and the Israelis had 'unrestricted access to French nuclear test", "title": "Gerboise Bleue (nuclear test)" }, { "docid": "66058792", "text": "RAF Lakenheath in Suffolk, one of several air bases in the United Kingdom which was used by the United States Air Force to store nuclear weapons during the Cold War, was the site of accidents involving nuclear weapons, in 1956 and 1961. July 1956 incident The first of two recorded nuclear near-accidents at Lakenheath occurred on 27 July 1956, when a B-47 bomber on a routine training mission crashed into a storage igloo beside the runway containing three Mark-6 nuclear weapons. The igloo was ripped apart and the aircraft exploded, showering the stored bombs with burning aviation fuel. The bombs each had a yield ten times greater than the \"Little Boy\" atomic bomb dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima during the Second World War. The crash and ensuing fire did not ignite the high explosives and no detonation occurred. However, one official US cable reported that it was a \"miracle\" that one bomb with \"exposed detonators\" did not explode, which would have released nuclear material into the environment. Had the conventional explosives in any of the bombs detonated, the resulting explosion would have scattered depleted uranium over a wide area. A senior US official was quoted as saying \"it is possible that a part of Eastern England would have become a desert\". Another USAF officer remarked \"near disaster was averted by tremendous heroism, good fortune and the will of God\". Reports state that the incident caused mass panic at the base, remarking that there was \"not just panic but a stampede out of Lakenheath\". Emergency fire services travelling to the base to assist reportedly encountered \"a convoy of American cars full up with American women and children\" panicking and trying to get away, and USAF officers instructed taxi drivers to drive them anywhere away from Lakenheath. The igloos at the airfield had been built near the runways to provide rapid availability for use. A different igloo at the airbase stored the nuclear cores of the bombs, and if the B-47 had hit that igloo instead, it could have released a large cloud of plutonium. The damaged weapons and components involved in the incident were later returned to the Atomic Energy Commission. The B-47 involved in the accident, which killed four crewmen, was part of the 307th Bombardment Wing. January 1961 incident A second nuclear near-disaster occurred at Lakenheath five years later in January 1961. A parked U.S. Air Force F-100 Super Sabre loaded with a Mark 28 hydrogen bomb caught fire after the pilot accidentally jettisoned his fuel tanks upon turning his engines on, the fuel tanks rupturing as they struck the concrete runway beneath. The aviation fuel inside ignited, and flames engulfed the nuclear bomb beneath the aircraft, leaving the nuclear weapon \"scorched and blistered\". The hydrogen bomb involved had a yield of at least 70 kilotons – 4.7 times more powerful than the 15 kiloton \"Little Boy\" atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima in the Second World War. Legacy The 1956 incident caused great concern for the British", "title": "RAF Lakenheath nuclear weapons accidents" }, { "docid": "3819010", "text": "The second season of the American drama television series 24, also known as Day 2, was first broadcast from October 29, 2002, to May 20, 2003, on Fox. The season begins and ends at 8:00 a.m. The season premiere originally aired without commercial interruption, and has an extended running time of approximately 51 minutes, as opposed to the standard 43 minutes. Season overview The second season is set 18 months after season one. The season's main plot follows the work of now-President of the United States of America David Palmer and Counter Terrorist Unit Agent Jack Bauer to stop terrorists from detonating a nuclear bomb in Los Angeles. Introduced into the situation is Kate Warner, a woman who ends up getting vital information related to CTU's mission. This season can essentially be broken into two acts: The first act involves CTU attempting to stop a Middle Eastern terrorist cell from detonating a nuclear bomb in Los Angeles. In the second act, Jack and the CTU try to prevent a misdirected retaliatory strike from the U.S. by investigating a possibly forged piece of evidence. Major subplots Following the death of his wife and his unborn baby at the end of Season 1, Jack Bauer retires from CTU. Kim is on the run, having rescued a young girl from her abusive father. Kate Warner suspects that her sister's Middle Eastern fiancé is a terrorist. CTU is blown up with C4 to cripple its ability to find the bomb. George Mason, Director of CTU, is exposed to a lethal dose of radiation. Jack tries to repair his relationship with his daughter Kim and spends much of the day worrying about her safety. Jack develops a heart condition after being tortured by terrorists. President Palmer faces traitors in his own cabinet, who attempt to remove him from power to advance their own agenda. The personal relationship between Tony Almeida and Michelle Dessler begins to develop. The relationship between Jack Bauer and Kate Warner also begins to develop. Summary The season starts and ends at: 8:00 a.m. (L.A. time); the first scene of the season occurs in Seoul, South Korea (midnight, Seoul time). The first fifteen hours deal with finding and disposing of the nuclear bomb. After the bomb is detonated away from the city, the story focuses on the United States' response to the thwarted attack, and in particular the nation's retaliation against the people responsible for planning it. A recorded conversation between a terrorist involved with the bomb and high-ranking officials of three Middle Eastern countries (which are never specified) is used to implicate those countries in the plot. However, due to Jack Bauer's doubts, Palmer is reluctant to order military action against them until he has absolute proof that the recording is genuine. A majority of his Cabinet then vote to relieve Palmer of his position as President under Section 4 of the Twenty-fifth Amendment, believing his hesitation to be a sign of indecision and weakness, and therefore indicative of his inability", "title": "24 season 2" } ]	[ "September 2017" ]
train_7066	when is greenhouse academy season 2 coming out on netflix	[ { "docid": "54100998", "text": "Greenhouse Academy is a tween drama television series released by Netflix. Based on the Israeli television series The Greenhouse (Ha-Hamama), created by Giora Chamizer, the series was adapted for international audiences by Chamizer and Paula Yoo. The first season of the series was released on Netflix on September 8, 2017. The second season was released on Netflix on February 14, 2018, the third season was released on October 25, 2019, and the fourth season was released on March 20, 2020. In July 2020, it was announced that Greenhouse Academy had been canceled after four seasons. Premise Eight months after losing their astronaut mother in a rocket explosion, brother and sister Alex and Hayley Woods enroll at a private boarding school for gifted future leaders. Separately, they join two competing houses within the school and become rivals. Soon, mysterious events draw the students from both houses into a top secret investigation. They uncover a deadly plot to use earthquakes for monetary gain. Only by joining forces and working together will they be able to stop this scheme. Cast Main Ariel Mortman as Hayley Woods, a new student at Greenhouse Academy and a member of The Ravens Finn Roberts as Alex Woods, Hayley's younger brother and a member of the Eagles Chris O'Neal as Daniel Hayward, Captain of The Eagles Dallas Hart as Leo Cruz, Captain of The Ravens Cinthya Carmona as Sophie Cardona, a member of The Eagles and Brooke's best friend Grace Van Dien (seasons 1–2) and Danika Yarosh (seasons 3-4) as Brooke Osmond, the dean's daughter and a member of The Eagles Marcus, played by Maayan Bloom was sent to court by police, soon discovered he was not guilty, he was lead out, giving him the money as Marcus moved away with his family to live a good rest of his life. he doesn't appear much after the episode \"home\" that is because he is far away from any judy drama as fans like to call it Benjamin Papac as Max Miller, a member of The Ravens Jessica Amlee (seasons 1–2) as Jackie Sanders, a juvenile delinquent recruited in The Ravens BJ Mitchell as Parker Grant, a member of The Eagles and Daniel's best friend Aviv Buchler (seasons 1–2) and Dana Melanie (seasons 3-4) as Emma Geller, member of The Ravens Ishai Golan as FBI Agent Carter Woods, Hayley and Alex's father, who is still investigating his wife's death Selina Giles as Ryan Woods, Hayley and Alex's mother, a former astronaut who is presumed dead after a tragic accident Yiftach Mizrahi as Jason Osmond, Brooke's older brother Nitsan Levartovsky as Suzanne McGill, staff member at Greenhouse Academy Parker Stevenson as Louis Osmond, Jason and Brooke's father, founder and head of Greenhouse Academy Nadine Ellis as Judy Hayward (seasons 1–2), Daniel's mother Yuval Yanai as Eric Simmons, FBI agent and Carter's best friend Reina Hardesty as Aspen Fairchild (seasons 1–2), Leo's love interest, who is also a member of The Raven Rafael Cebrian as Enzo (seasons 3–4), Sophie's ex-boyfriend Michael", "title": "Greenhouse Academy" } ]	[ { "docid": "44797933", "text": "The Greenhouse (, Ha-Hamama) is an Israeli television series by Giora Chamizer. The series was created and aired in Israel in 2012 and was sold to Nickelodeon UK in 2013. It was adapted into the English-language series Greenhouse Academy for Netflix in 2017. Plot Season 1 In the Leadership School - \"The Greenhouse\", run by Louis Klein and his son Robbie Klein, is joined by the brothers Alfi and Ella-Lee Reshef, the children of Guri Reshef and Naomi Reshef; The first Israeli astronaut who was killed in a space accident. In the greenhouse there are two clubs; The ravens and vultures. The ravens Club deals with studies, education and music. The Vultures club are involved in sports when the center of interest in the Vultures Club is the basketball team where the boys play basketball and the girls cheer. Later in the season it is revealed that behind the school's pastoral appearance lurks a terrible plot, the two responsible for which are Judy Goren, Daniel's mother, the Vultures Club captain, and Zeev Neeman who actually works for a mysterious man called the 'client'. The students in the \"greenhouse\" feel that strange things are happening in their school and decide to investigate this together, while forming the \"Galapagos\" gang, they managed to thwart the plot of Zeev and Judy and at the same time experienced new loves and personal crises. At the end of the season it is revealed that Naomi Reshef is alive, and the one who saved her was Marcus who worked with Zeev and Judy to save Naomi and eventually sacrificed himself so that Zeev and Judy would fail in their plot. After Marcus dies a zeev and Judy Forcing Naomi into helping them. At the end of the season Zeev puts a bomb in the greenhouse and runs away, but Daniel and Yiftach, the captain of the ravens Club, manage to destroy the bomb in the pool in the cave next to the school, where Naomi was in a coma. Judy was eventually sent to prison for life and so was Eric, who collaborated with Zeev and Judy was sent to prison. Robbie Klein goes to jail for stealing the Israeli space agency's satellite, and the client's assistant, Nicole, shoots and kills Zeev. The Reshef family returns home and at the end of the season Ella-Lee is waiting for her new boyfriend. Season 2 After thwarting Zeev and Judy's plot, the Greenhouse students returned to normal. Sefi Shahal was appointed prime minister in place of Mordi. Sefi, who was expelled from the \"GreenHouse\" as a child, tries to oust Lewis from running the school, eventually following a police investigation Sefi manages to oust Lewis following a challenge in which several students were injured, including Sophie who admitted to investigating Lewis, and is replaced by Naomi Reshef, who moved into Lewis' house. In addition, the mysterious client blows orna the vehicle to create a distraction while his people replace the magnetite. When Orna was in the hospital, she", "title": "The Greenhouse (TV series)" }, { "docid": "61733526", "text": "Giora Chamizer (; born October 4, 1971) is an Israeli screenwriter, television producer and author. He is known for creating many different Israeli drama television shows. Career Chamizer joined Arutz HaYeladim (The Kids' Channel) in 1993, where he first created the format of the kids game show \"Sheshtus\" which ran successfully for 20 seasons. In 2005, he began writing drama series for children. His first show, \"The Eight\" (165 episodes), about a group of gifted kids in a secret government project, became a huge cross-over hit which launched a new genre that became associated with Chamizer, of fast-paced, story driven dramas full of plot twists and cliff hangers. In 2007 Chamizer created \"The Island\" (150 episodes), a sci-fi kids drama about time travellers in a post-apocalyptic world. Chamizer's third show, \"The Greenhouse\" (175 episodes), about a school for future leaders, was launched in 2012 and became one of the most viewed programmes in Israel's history. In 2014 Chamizer created \"The Hood\" (150 episodes), about poor kids in a wealthy town. \"The Hood\" was also the first Israeli kids show to portray an LGBT affair. In 2016, Netflix ordered an American remake for \"The Greenhouse\", and kept Chamizer as the head writer and show runner for the new show. \"Greenhouse Academy\" was filmed entirely in Israel, with an American cast, and launched in 190 countries over the world. The first season of the series was released on Netflix on September 8, 2017. So far, four Greenhouse Academy seasons have aired. In April 2019, Chamizer wrote his debut book, \"Ronny and Tom – The First Investigation\". Two more \"Ronny and Rom\" books were published in 2020. Chamizer's eighth original series. \"Sky\", which tells the story of a young female alien who crashes into Earth and morphs into the body of a teenage prom queen, is scheduled to air on Nickelodeon Israel in early 2021. <ref> Filmography TV Series [[HaShminiya (The Eight)]] (creator and screenwriter 165 episodes, 2005–2007) The Island (The Timers) (creator and screenwriter – 150 episodes, 2007 – 2009) [[Ha-Hamama (The Greenhouse)]] (creator and screenwriter – 175 episodes 2012–2016) House Arrest (creator and screenwriter – 12 episodes 2009–2010) The Foxes (creator and screenwriter – 50 episodes 2009–2010) [[Shchuna (The Hood)]] (creator and screenwriter – 150 episodes 2014–2017) Greenhouse Academy (creator and screenwriter– 40 episodes, 2017 – 2019) Game Shows [[Shestus (The Flying Class)]] (creator – 20 seasons 1993–2013) ChampionsNick (creator – 3 seasons 2016–2018) Awards Chamizer won the \"Writing for Children Series\" category form the Israel Academy of Television Awards in September 2006. In addition, over the years his series won the Israeli Television Academy Award in additional categories. Among these awards were: \"The Eight\" – The Best Children and Youth Series award (2006–2007) \"The Island\" – The Best Children and Youth Series award (2008) \"The Greenhouse\" – The Best Children and Youth Series (2013, 2014 and 2015) References The content of this article is based on its Hebrew equivalent. External links 1971 births Living people Film people from Tel Aviv", "title": "Giora Chamizer" }, { "docid": "50235539", "text": "Travelers is a science fiction television series created by Brad Wright, starring Eric McCormack, Mackenzie Porter, Jared Abrahamson, Nesta Cooper, Reilly Dolman, and Patrick Gilmore. The first two seasons were co-produced by Netflix and Canadian specialty channel Showcase. After the second season, Netflix became the sole commissioning broadcaster and worldwide distributor. The show premiered in Canada on October 17, 2016, and worldwide on December 23, 2016. A second season followed in 2017, and a third season was released on December 14, 2018. In February 2019, McCormack said that the series had been cancelled. Premise In a post-apocalyptic future, thousands of special operatives are tasked with preventing the collapse of society. These operatives, known as \"travelers\", have their consciousnesses sent back in time and transferred into the \"host\" body of present-day individuals who are about to die, minimizing unexpected impact on the future. The transfer requires the exact location of the target, made possible by 21st-century smartphones and GPS, providing time, elevation, latitude, and longitude (TELL) coordinates that are archived for use in the future. No transfer can be safely made to a time prior to one already performed. Using social media and public records, travelers learn about their hosts, each maintaining the host's pre-existing life as cover for the rest of their lives. In teams of five, they carry out missions dictated by the Director, an artificial intelligence quantum computer program monitoring the timeline from the future. The goal of the missions is to save the planet from a series of catastrophic events. The Director can communicate with travelers through prepubescent children, who, unlike adults, can safely be animated by the Director for a short time without risking death. Protocols Travelers have several protocols to protect the timeline: Protocol 1: The mission comes first. Protocol 2: Leave the future in the past. Protocol 3: Don't take a life, don't save a life, unless otherwise directed. Do not interfere. Protocol 4: Do not reproduce. Protocol 5: In the absence of direction, maintain your host's life. Protocol 6: Do not communicate with other known travelers outside of your team unless sanctioned by the Director. The team historians have an additional secret protocol involving the periodic updates they receive concerning \"historic information relative to [their] team's role in the Grand Plan\". It is a sub-protocol of Protocol 2: Protocol 2H: This forbids the revelation about the existence of the updates \"with anyone, ever\". The Director can invoke three other protocols in special situations: Protocol Alpha: temporarily suspends all other protocols when a critical mission must be completed at all costs Protocol Epsilon: can be invoked when traveler archives are threatened Protocol Omega: permanently suspends all other protocols when the Director abandons the travelers because the future has either been fixed or deemed impossible to fix Cast Main Eric McCormack as Grant MacLaren (Traveler 3468), the team's leader, who assumes the life of a married FBI special agent MacKenzie Porter as Marcy Warton (Traveler 3569), the team's medic, who assumes the life of an", "title": "Travelers (TV series)" }, { "docid": "36665263", "text": "DreamWorks Dragons is an American television series airing on Cartoon Network (for the first two seasons) and Netflix (after the second season) based on the 2010 film How to Train Your Dragon. The series serves as a bridge between the first film and its 2014 sequel. A one-hour preview consisting of two episodes aired on August 7, 2012, with the official premiere of the series on September 4, 2012. 118 episodes of DreamWorks Dragons have been released, concluding the series. The series was announced by Cartoon Network on October 12, 2010. According to Tim Johnson, executive producer for How to Train Your Dragon, the series was planned to be much darker and deeper than DreamWorks Animation's previous television series spin-offs, with a similar tone to the movie. DreamWorks Dragons was the first DreamWorks Animation series to air on Cartoon Network rather than Nickelodeon. DreamWorks Dragons features the voice talents of Jay Baruchel, America Ferrera, Christopher Mintz-Plasse, Julie Marcus, Andrée Vermeulen, T. J. Miller, Zack Pearlman, Chris Edgerly and Nolan North. The sixth and final season of DreamWorks Dragons: Race to the Edge was released on February 16, 2018. Series overview Cartoon Network episodes The first two seasons of the series aired on Cartoon Network. Season 1: Riders of Berk (2012–13) The first season is subtitled Riders of Berk. The series begins where the first movie leaves off, featuring 15–16 year old characters. Season 2: Defenders of Berk (2013–14) The second and final season is subtitled Defenders of Berk. Netflix episodes: Race to the Edge The series is subtitled Race to the Edge on Netflix. The series comes after the short film Dawn of the Dragon Racers (as the pilot episode) and the beginning is set about three years after the second season and the end a few months (most likely one or two) before the events of How to Train Your Dragon 2, with the main characters aged 19 or 20. Netflix counts the seasons for Race to the Edge separately from Dreamworks Dragons as a whole, so the first season on Netflix is the third season overall, through to its sixth and final released season being the eighth season overall. Season 1 (2015) Season 2 (2016) Season 3 (2016) Season 4 (2017) Season 5 (2017) Season 6 (2018) References External links Dragons: Riders of Berk", "title": "List of DreamWorks Dragons episodes" }, { "docid": "56449078", "text": "The Rain is a Danish post-apocalyptic television series created by Jannik Tai Mosholt, Esben Toft Jacobsen and Christian Potalivo. It premiered on Netflix on 4 May 2018. The show stars Alba August, Lucas Lynggaard Tønnesen, Mikkel Følsgaard, Lukas Løkken, Jessica Dinnage, Sonny Lindberg, and Angela Bundalovic, with Lars Simonsen, Bertil De Lorenhmad, Evin Ahmad, and Johannes Bah Kuhnke in recurring roles. The latter two become main characters in the second season. On 30 May 2018, Netflix renewed The Rain for a second season, which was released on 17 May 2019, with 6 episodes. In June 2019, it was confirmed that the series was renewed for a third and final season, which was released on 6 August 2020. Premise When a virus that is carried by rainfall wipes out almost all humans in Scandinavia, Danish siblings Simone and Rasmus take shelter in a bunker. Six years later, they emerge to search for their father, a scientist who left them in the bunker but never returned. Along the way, they join a group of young survivors and together they travel across Denmark and Sweden, searching for a safe place, and for the siblings' father, who may be able to provide answers and a cure. Cast and characters Main Alba August as Simone Andersen Lucas Lynggaard Tønnesen as Rasmus Andersen Mikkel Følsgaard as Martin Lukas Løkken as Patrick Jessica Dinnage as Lea (seasons 1–2) Sonny Lindberg as Jean Angela Bundalovic as Beatrice (season 1) Natalie Madueño as Fie (season 2–3) Clara Rosager as Sarah (season 2–3) Evin Ahmad as Kira (season 2–3) Johannes Bah Kuhnke as Sten (recurring, season 1; main, season 2–3) Rex Leonard as Daniel (season 3) Recurring Lars Simonsen as Dr. Frederik Andersen, Simone and Rasmus' father (seasons 1–2) Jacob Luhmann as Thomas, Apollon \"stranger\" (seasons 1–2) Iben Hjejle as Ellen Andersen, Simone and Rasmus' mother (season 1) Bertil De Lorenzi as Young Rasmus (seasons 1–2) Anders Juul as Jakob, Sarah's older brother (season 2) Cecilia Loffredo as Luna (season 3) Episodes Series overview Season 1 (2018) Season 2 (2019) Season 3 (2020) Production Production on Season 1 commenced in late June 2017 in Denmark and Sweden. Netflix announced on 30 May 2018 that the series would go into production for a second season at the end of 2018. The second season premiered on Netflix on 17 May 2019. Season 3 of The Rain premiered on Netflix on 6 August 2020. References External links on Netflix 2018 Danish television series debuts 2020 Danish television series endings Danish drama television series Dystopian television series Post-apocalyptic television series Post-apocalyptic web series Zombie web series Danish-language television shows Netflix original programming Television shows filmed in Sweden Television shows set in Europe Television shows set in Denmark Television shows set in Sweden", "title": "The Rain (TV series)" }, { "docid": "54620516", "text": "The second and final season of the American streaming television series Iron Fist, which is based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name, follows Danny Rand / Iron Fist, a martial arts expert with the ability to call upon the power of the Iron Fist. It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the films and other television series of the franchise. The season was produced by Marvel Television in association with ABC Studios, with Raven Metzner serving as showrunner. Finn Jones stars as Rand, who protects New York following the events of The Defenders. Jessica Henwick, Tom Pelphrey, Jessica Stroup, and Sacha Dhawan also return from the first season to star and are joined by Simone Missick, reprising her role from previous Marvel Netflix series, and Alice Eve. The season was ordered in July 2017, with Metzner replacing Scott Buck as showrunner. Filming for the season began in late 2017 in New York City and continued until May 2018. Focus was placed on improving the fight sequences for the series after criticisms of the first season, with Clayton Barber taking over as fight coordinator after doing so for the MCU film Black Panther. Each episode in the season is named after a comics issue that Rand has appeared in. The season was released on September 7, 2018, on Netflix and consists of ten episodes. The season received mixed reviews from critics but was considered a major improvement over the previous season. Netflix canceled the series on October 12, 2018. Episodes Cast and characters Main Finn Jones as Danny Rand / Iron Fist Jessica Henwick as Colleen Wing Tom Pelphrey as Ward Meachum Jessica Stroup as Joy Meachum Sacha Dhawan as Davos Simone Missick as Misty Knight Alice Eve as Mary Walker Recurring Giullian Yao Gioiello as BB Natalie Smith as Bethany Jason Lai as Rhyno Christine Toy Johnson as Sherry Yang James Chen as Sam Chung Jowin Marie Batoon as Torx Sydney Mae Diaz as Hex Fernando Chien as Chen Wu Notable guests Henry Yuk as Hai-Qing Yang Hoon Lee as Lei Kung Andrew Pang as Donnie Chang Murray Bartlett as Paul Edmonds Rob Morgan as Turk Barrett Production Development In January 2015, Netflix CCO Ted Sarandos stated the series was \"eligible to go into multiple seasons for sure\" and Netflix would look at \"how well [they] are addressing both the Marvel fanbase but also the broader fanbase\" in terms of determining whether additional seasons would be appropriate. In July 2015, Sarandos said some of the Defenders series would \"selectively have multiple seasons as they come out of the gate.\" At San Diego Comic-Con International 2017, the second season of Iron Fist was announced, with Raven Metzner taking over as showrunner from Scott Buck, who served that role for the first season. Marvel Television head and series executive producer Jeph Loeb explained that Marvel had known Buck would be unavailable for the next season of Iron Fist due to his commitments to another", "title": "Iron Fist season 2" }, { "docid": "61538419", "text": "The Mind, Explained is a 2019 documentary television series. The series is narrated by American actress Emma Stone on Season 1 and Julianne Moore on Season 2, and examines themes such as what happens inside human brains when they dream or use psychedelic drugs. The episodes explore topics including memory, dreams, anxiety, mindfulness, and psychedelics. The Mind, Explained is a spin-off of Vox's Netflix show Explained. The series makes use of interviews, cartoons, and animation. Episodes There are 5 episodes, each lasting around 20 minutes. Season 1 (2019) Season 2 (2021) Release The Mind, Explained was released globally on September 12, 2019 on Netflix. Reception The show received mostly positive reviews. The website Decider called it \"one of those shows you turn on when you just want to see something short and interesting without having to follow a plot. And though it can be superficial at times, you generally come away from each episode knowing something about your brain you didn't know before.\" The Review Geek calls the series \"[maybe not] the most cerebrally challenging documentary series on the topic but it does have enough engaging material to make for an educational and entertaining watch.\" While the delivery was appreciated, most people found the content to be fleeting. Emma Stone's narration was widely regarded as doing well. The first episode of the series has been found lacking compared to others by many reviewers. References External links 2019 American television series debuts 2021 American television series endings 2010s American documentary television series 2020s American documentary television series American television spin-offs American English-language television shows Netflix original documentary television series Vox Media", "title": "The Mind, Explained" }, { "docid": "54647064", "text": "The House of Flowers () is a Mexican black comedy-drama television series created by Manolo Caro for Netflix. It depicts a dysfunctional upper-class Mexican family that owns a prestigious floristry shop and a struggling cabaret, both called 'The House of Flowers'. The series, almost entirely written and directed by its creator, stars Verónica Castro, Cecilia Suárez, Aislinn Derbez, Darío Yazbek Bernal, Arturo Ríos, Paco León, Juan Pablo Medina, Luis de la Rosa, María León, and Isela Vega. The 13-episode first season was released on August 10, 2018. A second and third season of the series were announced in October 2018; Verónica Castro had left the cast before the show was renewed and does not appear in later seasons. Season 2 premiered on October 18, 2019, and the final season was released on April 23, 2020. A short film special called The House of Flowers Presents: The Funeral premiered on November 1, 2019, and a YouTube TV special was released on April 20, 2020. The first season is exclusively set in Mexico, while the second and third seasons also feature scenes in Madrid, and the funeral special has a scene set at the Texas-Mexico border. It contains several LGBT+ main characters, with plots that look at homophobia and transphobia. Seen as satirizing the telenovela genre that it maintains elements of, it also subverts stereotypical presentations of race, class, sexuality, and morality in Mexico. Its genre has been described as a new creation, the \"millennial telenovela\", a label supported by Caro and Suárez. The show was generally critically well-received, also winning several accolades. Cecilia Suárez and her character, Paulina de la Mora, have been particularly praised; described as a Mexican pop icon, the character's voice has been the subject of popularity and discussion, leading into its use for the show's marketing. Aspects of the show have been compared to the work of Pedro Almodóvar, and it has been analyzed by various scholars, including Paul Julian Smith and Ramon Lobato. A feature length film continuation, The House of Flowers: The Movie, premiered on Netflix on 23 June 2021. Synopsis Season 1 At the start of season 1, Ernesto de la Mora's mistress Roberta hangs herself; shortly afterwards, Ernesto is sent to prison because of fraud she committed in his name. The eldest de la Mora child, control freak Paulina, takes over their cabaret, butting heads with Roberta's son Claudio. The rest of the family had been kept in the dark for years, with matriarch Virginia shocked to find out about the cabaret, which bears the same name, 'La Casa de las Flores' ('The House of Flowers'), as her successful florists. Though keeping Ernesto's arrest a secret, the family's accounts are frozen and reputation damaged when youngest child, son Julián, chooses to come out as bisexual; all the while, middle daughter Elena has been awkwardly keeping her African-American fiancé Dominique away from the mess. Virginia caves and asks Paulina to call her lawyer ex-husband María José, who had been banished from the family for", "title": "The House of Flowers (TV series)" }, { "docid": "63412242", "text": "Feel Good is a British comedy-drama television programme created by Mae Martin and Joe Hampson. It is a semi-autobiographical romantic comedy starring Mae Martin as a fictionalised version of themself and Charlotte Ritchie as Mae's girlfriend George. The six-part programme premiered its first episode on Channel 4 in the United Kingdom on 18 March 2020, after which all six episodes were released on All 4. Netflix handled international distribution and released it internationally on 19 March 2020. Independently of Channel 4, Netflix renewed the series for a second and final season which was released on 4 June 2021. Plot The show follows the development of George and Mae's romance in contemporary Manchester. Mae (Mae Martin), a Canadian comedian (a version of Mae Martin's own personal life), meets George (Charlotte Ritchie), a repressed, middle-class English woman, at the comedy club where Mae performs. The pair begin dating, and George learns that Mae is a former drug addict. George encourages them to attend a Narcotics Anonymous meeting, where Mae meets fellow recovering addicts. Mae's addiction causes problems in their relationship, as does George's reluctance to come out and tell friends and family about her relationship with Mae. In the second season, Mae's career advances, while they address trauma in their past after receiving a diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder. Cast and characters Main Mae Martin as a fictionalised version of themself Charlotte Ritchie as Georgina \"George\" Lawson, Mae's girlfriend and a secondary school English teacher Lisa Kudrow as Linda Martin, Mae's mother Recurring Phil Burgers as Phil, George's flatmate Adrian Lukis as Malcolm Martin, Mae's father Pippa Haywood as Felicity Lawson, George's mother Ophelia Lovibond (season 1) and Stephanie Leonidas (season 2) as Binky, George's best friend Tom Durant Pritchard as Hugh, Binky's husband Al Roberts as Jared, an unwelcome love interest of George Tobi Bamtefa as Nick, MC of the Gag Bin comedy club Jack Barry as Jack, a fellow comedian and Gag Bin regular Sophie Thompson as Maggie, Mae's Narcotics Anonymous (NA) self-declared sponsor (season 1) Ritu Arya as Lava (who goes by Laura), Maggie's daughter (season 1) Ramon Tikaram as David, NA leader (season 1) Tom Andrews as Kevin, NA member (season 1) Jordan Stephens as Elliott, George's colleague (season 2) John Ross Bowie as Scott, Mae's former housemate (season 2) Anthony Head as George Lawson, George's father (season 2) Steen Raskopoulos as Pete Lewis (season 1 and 2), a Gag Bin comedian Episodes Series 1 (2020) Series 2 (2021) Reception On Rotten Tomatoes, season 1 has an approval rating of 100% based on reviews from 41 critics, with an average rating of 8.3 out of 10. Caroline Framke of Variety wrote: \"Feel Good feels lowkey, insightful and real in a way that so much of TV tries to be, but rarely achieves quite like this – and yes, it also can feel pretty damn good.\" At the 2021 RTS Programme Awards, Martin and Hampson won Best Writer – Comedy. Notes References External links 2020 British television series debuts", "title": "Feel Good (TV series)" }, { "docid": "50891336", "text": "The Worst Witch is a fantasy drama children's television series. Based on novel series of the same name published in 1974 by Jill Murphy, the series follows Mildred Hubble (Bella Ramsey and Lydia Page) and her friends Maud Spellbody (Meibh Campbell and Megan Hughes) and Enid Nightshade (Tamara Smart) and rivals Ethel Hallow (Jenny Richardson), Drusilla Paddock (Tallulah Milligan) and Felicity Foxglove's (Dagny Rollins) adventures and education at Cackle's Academy under caring headmistress Miss Cackle (Clare Higgins) and strict deputy headmistress Miss Hardbroom (Raquel Cassidy). It is the fifth adaptation of The Worst Witch series after the 1986 television film, the 1998 television series, the 2001 television spin-off and the 2005 television spin-off. The series was an international co-production between CBBC, ZDF and Netflix. The series was made available to stream internationally on Netflix on 22 July 2017. It was available to members in the UK, Ireland and Germany after its premiere on CBBC and ZDF. The series premiered on CBBC on 11 January 2017. A second series began airing from 8 January 2018. The second series premiered on Netflix Australia on 27 July 2018. The third series began airing on 7 January 2019. The fourth series began airing on 27 January 2020. Netflix released the fourth series on 1 October 2020. Synopsis Series 1 Mildred Hubble learns about magic and witching, discovering she is a witch despite coming from a non-witching family. With the help of her new friend Maud Spellbody, Mildred goes to an academy for witches and is admitted after she saves it from the headmistress Miss Cackle's evil sister Agatha whose magic is later taken away. Mildred struggles with tasks and work, not knowing about witching her whole life, unlike her classmates. She forms friendships with new girl Enid Nightshade but becomes Ethel Hallow's rival. Later, Mildred gets expelled for leaving the grounds without permission. Agatha comes to Cackle's, tricks Esmeralda, Ethel's older sister, into giving Agatha her magic and takes over as headmistress. Learning Agatha has become headmistress from her rival, Mildred returns to Cackle's, hoping to save it. After Agatha annihilates the school due to no one liking her, Mildred and her classmates perform a spell which reverses all of Agatha's spell. Mildred is brought back to Cackle's and finishes her first year. Series 2 Mildred returns to Cackle's, a much better witch than she was before. The founding stone, a stone given to witching academies to fuel magic is found. Ethel receives a visit from Esmeralda, trying to convince Esmeralda to take the founding stone's magic which she refuses. However, to save Sybil, Ethel and Esmeralda's younger sister, Esmeralda is forced to take the founding stone's magic, causing magic to go wrong and the castle to start freezing. While Mildred, Maud, Enid and the Hallow sisters search for a way to re-ignite the founding stone, Mildred stumbles upon her ancestor on her family tree and learns the Hubbles are a witching family but Mirabelle, her ancestor, sacrificed her and twelve generations of magic", "title": "The Worst Witch (2017 TV series)" }, { "docid": "64248958", "text": "The fifteenth season of Unsolved Mysteries is a Netflix reboot revival of the long-running American television series, created by John Cosgrove and Terry Dunn Meurer. The show, which documents and seeks to solve cold cases and paranormal phenomena, originally ran from 1987–2010. Unlike all previous seasons, there is no host or narrator in the Netflix reboot. However, an image of longtime host Robert Stack is shown in the title sequence of each episode. Background In 2017, the film and television distribution company FilmRise acquired worldwide digital distribution rights to the original run of Unsolved Mysteries. The company announced its intention to release updated versions of the show's episodes through multiple streaming platforms. This led to renewed interest in the series, with original creators, John Cosgrove and Terry Dunn Meurer, expressing interest in reviving the show. On January 18, 2019, Netflix announced that it had picked up a 12-part reboot of the series. It was further revealed that Stranger Things executive producer Shawn Levy and his company 21 Laps Entertainment, along with Cosgrove-Meurer Productions (and Netflix) would be producing the new episodes. Original creators, Cosgrove and Meurer are expected to showrun the series, along with Levy and Josh Barry acting as executive producers. Robert Wise is expected to act as co-executive producer, along with showrunner Dunn Meurer. The reboot's format will depart from the original series' multiple mysteries showcase and will instead feature one case per episode. Cosgrove has stated that the reboot will be \"pure documentary style\" and there will be no host or narrator. The first six episodes are presented as Volume 1 on Netflix. Netflix announced on August 19, 2020 that the first season's six remaining episodes would air (as Volume 2) on October 19, 2020. Episodes Response On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the series holds an approval rating of 74% based on 23 reviews, with an average rating of 6.92/10. The website's critics consensus reads: \"Unsolved Mysteries latest reboot is slick and features compelling cases, but fails to live up to the original's spookiness and gets lost in the current sea of true crime offerings.\" On Metacritic, it has a weighted average score of 57 out of 100, based on seven critics, indicating \"mixed or average reviews\". The show began getting \"credible tips\" following the release of the new season. Viewers also began coming up with their own theories about the cases featured. In August 2020, it was reported that 13.7% of subscribers had watched the series over its first month. References External links 2020 American television seasons Lists of American non-fiction television series episodes Lists of mystery television series episodes", "title": "Unsolved Mysteries season 15" }, { "docid": "75709711", "text": "Nadine Ellis is an American actress. She starred as Stacy Lawrence, the leading character in the BET romantic comedy series, Let's Stay Together (2011–2014). Ellis also has appeared in more than 80 television shows and feature film, notable had regular roles in the Netflix teen drama Greenhouse Academy (2017–18), and Fox drama series, Our Kind of People (2021–22). Life and career Ellis was born and raised in Queens, New York. She graduated from Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School and later attended New York Institute of Technology. Ellis later moved to Los Angeles for acting career and began appearing in episodes of television shows such as Any Day Now, Men, Women & Dogs, Nikki and V.I.P.. Ellis also was a member of a dance group The Pussycat Dolls. She also played dancers in films Nutty Professor II: The Klumps (2000), Charlie's Angels: Full Throttle (2003), Gigli (2003), Starsky & Hutch (2004), 13 Going on 30 (2004), Guess Who (2005), Idlewild (2006), Hairspray (2007), 500 Days of Summer (2009), and Iron Man 2 (2010). From 2004 to 2008, Ellis had a recurring role in the Comedy Central comedy series, Reno 911!. In 2011, Ellis was cast in the leading role of Stacy Lawrence in the BET romantic comedy series, Let's Stay Together. The series was cancelled after four seasons in 2014. Ellis later had starring roles in a number of made-for-television movies, include Somebody's Child (2012), Four of Hearts (2013), and Love the One You're With (2014), as well guest-starred on Bones, Timeless, Training Day, Lucifer and Jane the Virgin. She starred in the 2017 comedy film Another Man Will directed by David E. Talbert, and appeared in the comedy film Daphne & Velma (2018). From 2017 to 2018 she starred as Judy Hayward in the Netflix teen drama series, Greenhouse Academy. From 2019 to 2020, Ellis had a recurring role as Brenda Williams in the Showtime comedy-drama series, Shameless. In 2021, Ellis was cast as Leah Franklin Dupont in the Fox prime time soap opera, Our Kind of People, replacing LeToya Luckett who had been originally cast in the role. The series was cancelled after one season in 2022. She later starred in the Holiday movies Christmas for Sale (2021), The Christmas Clapback (2022), and The Holiday Stocking (2022). Filmography Film Television Music Videos References External links Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School alumni New York Institute of Technology alumni Living people African-American actresses American television actresses American film actresses 21st-century American actresses Year of birth missing (living people)", "title": "Nadine Ellis" }, { "docid": "56503717", "text": "Llama Llama is a children's animated television series that premiered on January 26, 2018, on Netflix. Co-produced by Genius Brands and Telegael Teoranta and based on the books by Anna Dewdney, the series follows an anthropomorphic llama named Llama Llama (voiced by Shayle Simons) living with his Mama Llama (voiced by Jennifer Garner) in a town that is run by anthropomorphic animals where he learns about fun, friendship and new things. The series was produced by Reed Duncan, Dewdney's longtime partner, doing so in tribute to her. The series had been renewed for a second season, which was released on November 15, 2019. Cast and characters Shayle Simons as Llama Llama, the protagonist. A playful llama who loves to have fun. Jennifer Garner as Mama Llama, Llama's mama. Alistair Abell as Billy Goat, Gilroy's brother whose appearance slightly resembles Euclid. Austin Abell as Gilroy Goat, an ornery goat who was a spoil sport and a bully when first introduced, but got nicer over time. Vania Gill as Luna Giraffe, an upbeat and warm-hearted giraffe with a gentle voice who loves art and has a bit of a girly personality. Islie Hirvonen as Nelly Gnu, a sassy gnu who loves to paint, but commonly riding her skateboard. Evans Johnson as Zelda Zebra, a zebra who is Llama's teacher, her husband is a horse named Happy and has two horse children. Grady Ainscough as Roland Rhino, a rhinoceros. Grady Ainscough as Harold Hackney, a horse who is one of Zelda Zebra's children. Kathleen Barr as Grandma Llama, Llama's grandmother who has a slight British accent. David Orth/David Poole as Grandpa Llama, Llama's grandfather, he speaks with a bit of an Irish accent. Brenden Sunderland as Euclid Sheep, a sheep who likes math/science. Vincent Tong as Officer Flamingo, a police flamingo. Mei Onischak as Audrey Antelope, an antelope who’s a congenital amputee as she has a prosthetic left leg and no right elbow, forearm or hand. Vincent Tong as Daddy Gnu, Nelly's father who hires a bakery. Kathleen Barr as Mama Gnu, Nelly's mother. Kathleen Barr as Lenora Leopard, a leopard who works as a librarian and a musician. Kathleen Barr/Franciska Friede as Ramona Rhino, Roland's sister. Franciska Friede as Hilda Hackney, a pony with a somewhat English accent and is Zelda's daughter. Her last name comes from Hackney London. Kathleen Barr as Eleanor Elephant, an elephant chef who speaks with a thick British accent. Episodes Season 1 (2018) Season 2 (2019) Season 2 was released on November 15, 2019. Although the order below reflects the order in which the episodes are listed on Netflix, Netflix's on-screen display carries the notation \"Watch In Any Order\". Possible Season 3 The show was renewed for a third season in December 2019, although some screenshots of new episodes exist on certain websites, there has been no airing of it on Netflix or availability of the season elsewhere leading to the possibility it may be scrapped and abandoned. In December 2020, a 60 minute long Christmas episode", "title": "Llama Llama (TV series)" }, { "docid": "50712969", "text": "Love & Hate is the second studio album by London-based singer-songwriter Michael Kiwanuka. The album was released on 15 July 2016 by Polydor Records (UK) and Interscope Records (US). Background The album is the follow-up record to Kiwanuka's 2012 Mercury Prize-nominated album Home Again. The album was produced by Danger Mouse, Inflo, and Paul Butler. Love & Hate also released three singles. The first single, \"Black Man in a White World\" was released on 28 March 2016, and was accompanied by a video directed by Hiro Murai. The second single, \"Love & Hate\", was released on 7 April 2016. Usage in media The song \"Cold Little Heart\" is also known for being the opening theme of the HBO television series Big Little Lies. The song \"Love & Hate\" featured in various shows and films, including the series finale of the Netflix drama Seven Seconds, the Netflix docudrama When They See Us, the legal drama Suits (season 7, episode 8), Rosewood (season 1, episode 22), Animal Kingdom (season 3, episode 11), Dear White People (season 1, episode 5) and the movie The Tax Collector. In 2019, it was used in the italian My Brother Chases Dinosaurs and in 2021, it was again used in an Italian production, (episode 2, final scene and credits), based in the final season of footballer Francesco Totti at AS Roma. The song \"Black Man in a White World\" is performed by John Clarence Stewart, in character as Simon Haynes, in \"Zoey's Extraordinary Reckoning\", the sixth episode of the second season of the musical comedy-drama series Zoey's Extraordinary Playlist. The song \"Rule the World\" was featured in the Netflix series The Get Down and the HBO Max original series Hacks. Critical reception Upon its release, Love & Hate received widespread critical acclaim from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album has received an average score of 86, based on 23 reviews, indicating \"universal acclaim\". The Telegraph said \"This is an album that sounds like a world of music in itself\", while The Guardian called the album \"the work of an artist coming into his own\". Writing for Exclaim!, Ryan B. Patrick lauded Kiwanuka's \"introspective study of himself and his standing in a post-millennial world\". Track listing Personnel Adapted from the Love & Hate booklet. Performers and musicians Michael Kiwanuka – vocals ; electric guitar ; lead guitar ; acoustic guitar ; guitar ; bass ; piano ; backing vocals Inflo – piano ; drums ; bass ; backing vocals Brian Burton – bass ; percussion ; synth pad ; piano ; organ Graham Godfrey – drums ; percussion ; hand claps ; backing vocals, ; tape machine FX Paul Butler – percussion ; cello and trumpet ; electric guitar, keys, drum machines and backing vocals ; clavinet, Moog, piano and Yamaha CS-80 Andy Parkin – violin Miles James – electric guitar Pete Randall – double bass ; Fender bass VI ; backing vocals Gary Plumley", "title": "Love & Hate (Michael Kiwanuka album)" }, { "docid": "43158106", "text": "Idiotest (a portmanteau of \"idiot\" and \"test\" and stylized with the second letter i inverted) is an American television game show broadcast by Game Show Network (GSN). Hosted by Ben Gleib, the series features contestants in teams of two competing to answer brain teaser and puzzle questions. The winning team advances to a bonus round for an opportunity to increase their winnings to $10,000. The series was announced at GSN's upfront presentation in March 2014, and the first episode premiered on August 12, 2014 of that year. On December 15, 2018, the first season became available to watch on Netflix. Critical reception for the series has been mixed, with one writer calling it \"enjoyable\" while another called it \"uninteresting.\" Additionally, GSN released an online game midway through the first season that allows users to answer questions from the series' past episodes. Gameplay The main game features two pairs of contestants answering brain-teaser questions taking the form of a visual puzzle. In the first round, each team faces two questions. Contestants can work together and must answer by touching the correct answer (or answers, depending on what the question is asking them) on the screen. The question is often phrased so that the contestants may be misled if they do not read it correctly (for example, \"Touch the largest greenhouse\" could be misread as \"Touch the largest green house\"). Contestants may also be required to know a lesser-known definition of a common word (for example, \"Habit\", referring to a religious garment instead of a pattern of behavior). The contestant may also be given words that can be easily confused with others (for example, \"Bass\", referring to either a fish or a guitar, the correct answer being dependent on how the host pronounces the word). The value of these questions begins at $300, with $20 deducted for every second the team takes in answering; the money begins counting down on the \"money meter\" when the puzzle first appears on the screen. Each contestant's money meter stops counting down when an answer is chosen on the touchscreen. For all questions, a correct answer puts the remaining money in their team's bank, while an incorrect answer or running out of time on a question (the money meter thereby reaches zero and reads \"IDIOT\" in big letters) wins nothing. In round two, contestants, without the help of their partners, are given their own questions to answer. The opening value of each question is $500, decreasing by $25 each second until an answer is given. In the third round, one contestant from each team faces the same question simultaneously. This easier question starts at $1,000 and decreases by $50 per second. The remaining contestant from each team then faces a more difficult question, with an opening value of $2,500 decreasing by $100 per second. The host usually reads the question to the contestants during this round. After this second question, the team that has more money wins the game, keeps their bank, and plays the Smart", "title": "Idiotest" }, { "docid": "51617389", "text": "Maggie & Bianca: Fashion Friends is an Italian live-action sitcom which premiered on Rai Gulp on August 29, 2016. The series was created by Iginio Straffi. It focuses on two roommates at the Fashion Academy of Milan: Maggie (Emanuela Rei), an American girl on a scholarship in Italy, and Bianca (Giorgia Boni), the daughter of an Italian fashion entrepreneur. The series was originally developed as a 2011 television pilot starring the Californian musical duo Kalina and Kiana, titled \"My American Friend.\" The pilot was co-produced by Rainbow SpA and Nickelodeon, which are both part of Viacom. Two Italian actresses, Emanuela Rei and Giorgia Boni, were recast as the two leads after the pilot was greenlit for a full series. As requested by RAI, the series was first performed in Italian and later dubbed into other languages. Three seasons of Maggie & Bianca were filmed at Cinecittà Studios in Rome. Plot Maggie is an eccentric American girl from Portland who wins a scholarship to the Fashion Academy of Milan, a prestigious fashion school, on her sixteenth birthday. Bianca is the stylish and chic daughter of a powerful Italian fashion mogul. Bianca likes to sing but doesn't seem too motivated to join a band. The two girls meet and are thrown together as roommates at the Fashion Academy, but they get off to a rocky start as they have very different personalities and conflicting points of view. Over time, they come to understand one another. Together with three of their classmates, they form a band called the MoodBoards in order to pursue their musical dreams, while simultaneously continuing their study of fashion at the Academy. At the end of the first season, Maggie and Bianca discover that they are half-sisters, with the same father but different mothers. In the second season, Maggie's mother, who is a songwriter, comes to the Academy to teach, while members of the MoodBoards' rival band, CoolGhost, attend the Academy as new students. Cast Emanuela Rei as Maggie Giorgia Boni as Bianca Sergio Ruggeri as Jacques Luca Murphy as Quinn Federica Corti as Nausica Federico Pedroni as Leonardo (season 1) Tiffany Zhou as Yuki (seasons 1–2) Sergio Melone as Eduard Simone Lijoi as Professor Ferrari (season 1) Elia Nichols as Professor Tucker Alvaro Gradella as Headmaster Maffei Walter Leonardi as Uncle Max Clelia Piscitello as Dolores (seasons 1–2) Jody Cecchetto as Andrew (recurring, season 1; main, season 2) Paolo Fantoni as Felipe (recurring, season 1; main, seasons 2–3) Simona Di Bella as Susan (recurring, season 1; main, season 2) Giovanni Bussi as Professor Falques (seasons 2–3) Paolo Romano as Alberto (recurring, season 1; main, seasons 2–3) Greta Bellusci as Rachel (guest, season 1; main, seasons 2–3) Maria Luisa De Crescenzo as Eloise (season 3) Episodes Season 1 (2016) Season 2 (2017) Season 3 (2017) A third season aired in Italy between September 18 and December 2, 2017, and consisted of 26 episodes. The third season has not yet been released internationally on Netflix. Production In September 2011, Rainbow", "title": "Maggie & Bianca: Fashion Friends" }, { "docid": "69667302", "text": "Laurence O'Fuarain (born 24 April 1990) is an Irish actor, having had roles in season 5 of Game of Thrones (2015), Rebellion (2016), season 5 of Vikings (2017) and Into the Badlands (2017). He appears as Fjall the warrior in the 2022 Netflix miniseries The Witcher: Blood Origin (2022), and starred as JP in Guy Richie's The Gentlemen (2024). Early life and education Laurence O'Fuarain studied advertising and marketing at the Institute of Technology, Tallaght when by chance, got involved in the making of some short films of which he enjoyed. After a successful audition to join the Bow Street Academy, he decided to leave the ITT to concentrate on acting. In 2014, O'Fuarain graduated from the Programme of Screen Acting at Bow Street Academy in Dublin and was in the same group of alumni as Niamh Algar. In his spare time, O'Fuarain is a keen angler. Career In 2015, straight after the academy, O'Fuarain made his film debut in the Irish film The Limit Of, although the film was not released until 2018. He followed that with small roles in The Secret Scripture (2016) and in a single episode of season 5 of Game of Thrones. The same year he landed a recurring role as Desmond Byrne in Rebellion. In 2017, O'Fuarain picked up small roles in season 5 of Vikings and also Into the Badlands. In 2018, O'Fuarain secured the part of Vern in the film Viking Destiny opposite Terrance Stamp and Will Mellor, as Kevin Gunn in Don't Go and in Black '47. In August 2021, O'Fuarain began filming of the Netflix miniseries The Witcher: Blood Origin, set in a time 1,200 years before The Witcher, and O'Fuarain stars as Fjall, of a clan of warriors sworn to protect a King in a quest for redemption, in a cast which includes Lenny Henry, Mirren Mack and Michelle Yeoh. The Witcher: Blood Origin aired on Netflix on 25 December 2022. In 2024, he starred as JP Ward, head of a travelling community, in the Netflix Guy Ritchie television series The Gentlemen (2024 TV series), alongside Theo James, Kaya Scodelario, and Daniel Ings. Filmography Film Television References External links Agent profile 1 Agent profile 2 Laurence O'Fuarain Tudum interview 21st-century Irish male actors Alumni of the Bow Street Academy Irish male film actors Irish male television actors Living people 1990 births Male actors from County Dublin", "title": "Laurence O'Fuarain" }, { "docid": "63801995", "text": "Control Z is a Mexican teen drama television series created by Carlos Quintanilla Sakar, Adriana Pelusi and Miguel García Moreno and developed by Lemon Studios for Netflix, that premiered on Netflix on 22 May 2020. The show stars Ana Valeria Becerril, Michael Ronda, Yankel Stevan and Zión Moreno. Shortly after its release, the series was renewed for a second season on 29 May 2020. Season 2 was released on 4 August 2021 and later that month, the series was renewed for a third and final season, which was released on 6 July 2022. Premise During an assembly at Colegio Nacional (National School), a hacker exposes a student as transgender, causing her panic and humiliation. The next day, the hacker reveals more students' secrets which causes numerous teens to turn on one another. Sofía Herrera, an introverted teenager, who is anew student in the college, tries to uncover who this hacker is before the dirt on her becomes public. Cast and characters Main Ana Valeria Becerril as Sofía Herrera, her love interests was Raúl and now Javier. She is a very observant and quiet student, often seen as an outsider by her peers and when secrets are revealed, she sets out to investigate who the hacker is. She is smart and very justice-driven, but normally has to keep the peace between Raúl and Javier and she suffers from mental health problems due to her family situation. Michael Ronda as Javier Williams, the new student and a love interest of Sofía. He quickly makes friends with Sofía on his first day at National School. He expresses romantic feelings for Sofía throughout the season and has a rivalry with Raúl, usually over the investigation and Sofía. He is the son of a retired footballer, Damian Williams, but refuses the coach's requests for him to play for the school team due to trauma from accidentally murdering a teammate from his former high school. Yankel Stevan as Raúl León, a love interest of Sofía. Just like Javier he expresses romantic feelings for Sofía throughout the season. He comes from quite a wealthy family and is initially one of the popular kids but later helps Sofía track down the hacker. He strongly dislikes Javier. Zión Moreno as Isabela de la Fuente (season 1), a transgender student and former girlfriend of Pablo. She was the most popular girl in the school and was liked by many boys, but after it was revealed that she was trans, she got harassed by multiple students and dumped by Pablo. In season 2, as mentioned by María, she left the school sometime after the hacker was unmasked. Luis Curiel as Luis Navarro, a quiet student who enjoys drawing. He is often misunderstood and bullied by Gerry, Ernesto and Dario, but is helped by Sofía and Javier, and has a friendship with Alex. Samantha Acuña as Alejandra \"Alex\" Salomone, an openly yet socially distant lesbian student who is in a forbidden relationship with her Biology teacher Gabriela and is talented with computers.", "title": "Control Z" }, { "docid": "72667948", "text": "Kangaroo Valley is a 2022 nature documentary film made for Netflix, directed by Kylie Stott and written by Tab Murphy. Narrated by Sarah Snook, the film is a coming-of-age adventure starring a nervous baby eastern grey kangaroo named Mala as she faces hungry dingoes and winter snows to survive her first year out of pouch. The film features a debut new track from Australian pop star Sia called ‘We Can Do Anything.’ It was released on December 14, 2022. Plot In a lush valley in Australia, a young kangaroo joey, Mala, emerges from her mother Lowanna's pouch for the first time. Mala is reluctant to leave the pouch, in contrast to the joyful joey Buru, who loves to hop. King of the kangaroo mob is Bamir, the largest buck in the valley and Mala's father. Bordering the valley is the Black Forest, burnt in recent wildfires and the lair of a dingo pack, led by the white dingo Migaloo. Migaloo's son, Miro, is the same age as Mala and is still learning to hunt. Miro chases a mother kangaroo carrying a joey in her pouch. The joey topples from the pouch during the chase, but manages to escape. Only one in five kangaroo joeys make it to their first birthday, so Mala has a lot to learn if she's going to survive her first year. Mala's valley is home to many creatures, including the grumpy wombat Warrin, an energetic bird Willie the Wagtail, a koala, sugar gliders and many colorful parrots. A wedge-tailed eagle threatens the joeys but the kangaroo mob is alerted to the threat by the alarm calls of the smaller birds in the valley. The next time the dingoes return to hunt, Mala is separated from Lowanna in the chaos. The dingoes surround King Bamir and he is brought down to his death. When the chaos is over, Mala finally reunites with Lowanna. Winter brings snow storms to the valley, and food is scarce for the kangaroos. Miro is forced to leave the dingo pack when a new litter of pups arrives, and he struggles to find food. When spring arrives, Mala and Miro are both out on their own. In a final hunt, the two go head-to-head. Mala manages to outpace Miro and escape with her life. The new season's babies all begin to emerge, continuing the circle of life in the valley. Production In January 2021, it was announced that Kylie Stott would direct the film for producers Ari Mark and Phil Lott for Netflix. Screenwriter Tab Murphy joined the team in his first foray into nature films, a departure from his previous titles including the Disney animated movies including The Hunchback of Notre Dame, Tarzan, Atlantis: The Lost Empire, and Brother Bear, which was nominated for an Academy Award Best Animated Feature. The main filming location was Namadgi National Park, outside of the Australian capital Canberra. Filming was plagued by lockdowns and border closures caused by the COVID-19 Pandemic, and the production team secured", "title": "Kangaroo Valley (film)" }, { "docid": "53714990", "text": "41 Entertainment LLC (41E) is a privately held American animation company that develops, produces, and distributes popular television shows. Allen Bohbot is the founder and managing director of 41E. History Allen Bohbot founded Bohbot Entertainment (BKN) and various subsidiaries such as BKN International in the 1990s and 41 Entertainment on January 7, 2010. In September 2011, 41E was appointed by Namco, and Bandai Namco Games, to distribute worldwide the new series Pac-Man 3D, which later became known as Pac-Man and the Ghostly Adventures. 41E collaborated with Avi Arad, Rick Ungar, Tom Ruegger, and Paul Rugg for the project. In May 2012, 41E entered into partnerships with Striker Entertainment and The CDM Company to begin a licensing program for Pac-Man and the Ghostly Adventures. Throughout 2012 and into 2013, 41E expanded their licensing program and partnered with licensees and agents worldwide for the Pac-Man and the Ghostly Adventures series. In June 2013, Bandai Namco Games commissioned the production of an additional 13 episodes for Season II. With the additional seasons, many worldwide broadcasters acquired the show. In January 2014, another 13 episodes were commissioned bringing Pac-Man and the Ghostly Adventures to 52 episodes in total. In July 2014, 41E entered into a licensing and merchandising agreement with BNGI on their Pac-Man property. 41E licensed classic Pac-Man worldwide, excluding Japan, to multiple manufacturers. In October 2014, Netflix announced that it entered into an agreement with 41E and Arad Animation for a new original series called Kong: King of the Apes. In 2015, 41E entered into an agreement with Edgar Rice Burroughs, Inc. for the creation of the animated series Edgar Rice Burroughs' Tarzan and Jane. 41E acquired the right to develop and distribute the animation worldwide and represent the property globally for licensing and merchandising. In June 2015, 41E announced its partnership with Netflix on Edgar Rice Burroughs' Tarzan and Jane. The animation was produced by Avi Arad and ARC Productions, which was acquired by Jam Filled Entertainment who completed the project. In June 2016, Netflix renewed Kong – King of the Apes for a second season. In October 2016, 41E and Netflix announced another original series, Super Monsters. The animation is produced by Avi Arad. In September 2017, 41E announced an agreement with Activision Blizzard Studios as the exclusive global sales agent for Linear Television and home entertainment distribution of the animated series Skylanders Academy. In September 2017, 41E announced the production and distribution of a major all new original animated series, to be produced by 41 Studios, entitled Shooting Star. In September 2017, 41E announced the production and distribution of a major all new original animated series to be produced by 41 Studios, entitled The Mini Musketeers. In May 2018, Season 2 of the Netflix original series Kong: King of the Apes launched with consists of ten half-hour episodes. In September 2018, 41E announced a new franchise featuring an action-comedy series for kids, S.M.A.S.H! which was created and executive produced by Allen Bohbot. In October 2018, Season 2 of the", "title": "41 Entertainment" }, { "docid": "48934172", "text": "Abi Varghese is an Indian-American writer-director-producer who most recently directed season 2 of Eros Now's Metro Park. He is best known for his Netflix series Brown Nation. He is also the co-director of Akkara Kazhchakal a Malayalam sitcom that completed four seasons. He also directed the first episode of the Netflix series Bhaag Beanie Bhaag. His feature film Monsoon Mangoes, which was about an amateur filmmaker claiming to be the next film legend, starred Fahad Fasil and Vijay Raaz. Abi has an independent production company called Infamous Coconuts based in New York and is currently developing several digital series. Personal life Varghese was born in Adoor, Kerala and moved out to United States at the age of four along with his parents. He was working at Unilever for a short period before starting his television career. He is an alumnus of New York University. Raised in Englewood, New Jersey, he is a resident of nearby Norwood. Television career Short films Varghese directed several short films early in his career. Shortfilms (as director) Television serials Varghese is perhaps best known for his Netflix released show Brown Nation. The show released on 15 November 2016 and currently has an 8.6 on IMDb and a 99% on Rotten Tomatoes. Akkara Kazhchakal is a Malayalam sitcom that aired on Kairali TV from 2008 to 2010. Television Series (as director) Film career Abi Varghese made his feature film directorial debut with Akkarakazhchakal: The Movie in 2011 which was released in the United States. The movie was based out of his earlier sitcom Akkarakazhchakal. His second film is Monsoon Mangoes. which has Fahad Fasil as the lead actor. He has a production house named ‘Infamous Coconut Productions'. Filmography (as director) References External links American television directors New York Film Academy alumni Living people Year of birth missing (living people) People from Pathanamthitta district Indian television directors Malayalam film directors People from Englewood, New Jersey People from Norwood, New Jersey", "title": "Abi Varghese" }, { "docid": "60025050", "text": "Special is an American comedy-drama television series created by Ryan O'Connell for Netflix. Starring Ryan O'Connell, the series is a semi-autobiographical account of his life as a gay man in Los Angeles with cerebral palsy pursuing new friendships, relationships, and self-sufficiency. It is based on O'Connell's memoir I'm Special: And Other Lies We Tell Ourselves. The series premiered on April 12, 2019, and concluded on May 20, 2021, after two seasons. It received positive reviews and earned four nominations at the 71st Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards, one for Outstanding Short Form Comedy or Drama Series and three for the performances of Ryan, Jessica Hecht, and Punam Patel. Synopsis Special is \"a distinctive and uplifting new lgbtq series about a gay man, Ryan, with mild cerebral palsy who decides to rewrite his identity and finally go after the life he wants to live.\" Cast and characters Main Ryan O'Connell as Ryan Hayes, an unpaid intern at Eggwoke Jessica Hecht as Karen Hayes, Ryan's mother Punam Patel as Kim Laghari, Ryan's friend and co-worker at Eggwoke Marla Mindelle as Olivia, Ryan and Kim's boss Augustus Prew as Carey, one of Kim's best friends. Patrick Fabian as Phil, Karen's new neighbor and love interest Max Jenkins as Tanner (season 2), Ryan's love interest who is in an open relationship with a man named Richard Recurring Gina Marie Hughes as Samantha, Ryan and Kim's co-worker at Eggwoke Buck Andrews as Henry (season 2), a neurodivergent love interest of Ryan Guest stars Kat Rogers as Caitie Jason Michael Snow as Keaton Brian Jordan Alvarez as Shay Shalita Grant as Rae Charlie Barnett as Harrison (season 2), Kim's love interest. He comes from a poor and difficult background. After the sale of his company he becomes quite wealthy but it comes with a struggle with his family, who wants part of his money. Ana Ortiz as Susan (season 2), Phil's new girlfriend Utkarsh Ambudkar as Ravi (season 2), a childhood friend and romantic interest of Kim Lauren Weedman as Tonya (season 2), a longtime friend of Karen Anjali Bhimani as Bina Laghari (season 2), Kim's mother Ajay Mehta as Vijay Laghari (season 2), Kim's father Karan Soni as Dev Laghari (season 2), Kim's brother Leslie Jordan as Charles (season 2) Jeremy Glazer as Marc Miller (season 2), second love interest of Ryan Episodes Season 1 (2019) Season 2 (2021) Production Development On February 5, 2019, Netflix announced that it had given the production a series order for an eight-episode first season. The series is created by Ryan O'Connell, who is credited as an executive producer, alongside Jim Parsons, Anna Dokoza, Eric Norsoph and Todd Spiewak. Production companies involved with the series were slated to consist of That's Wonderful Productions and Stage 13. On December 16, 2019, the series was renewed for a second and final season by Netflix. Casting Alongside the series order announcement, it was confirmed that Ryan O'Connell, Jessica Hecht, Punam Patel, Marla Mindelle, Augustus Prew, and Patrick Fabian would star in the", "title": "Special (TV series)" }, { "docid": "63136676", "text": "The Decline (, \"Until the Decline\") is a 2020 Canadian action thriller film directed by Patrice Laliberté in his feature debut. It is the first film made in Quebec to be produced as a Netflix original film. The film stars Guillaume Laurin as Antoine, a man from Montreal who becomes worried about a natural disaster and joins a survivalist training program in rural Nord-du-Québec led by an experienced middle-aged survivalist, Alain (Réal Bossé). While the participants at first bond with the charismatic Alain, they become divided after a trainee dies in an accident. The film's cast includes Marc-André Grondin, Isabelle Giroux, Marilyn Castonguay, Marc Beaupré, Marie-Évelyne Lessard and Guillaume Cyr. The film had its theatrical premiere at the Rendez-vous Québec Cinéma in February 2020, with its premiere on Netflix slated for later in the year. It was later made available as an original on Netflix, with dubbed audio tracks in 32 languages. For the English version (directed by John DeMita), all of the original cast dubbed their own dialogue to ensure that the accent of Francophone Québécois speaking English would be accurately represented. Plot A young man named Antoine, his female partner, and their young daughter are practicing an emergency evacuation of their home, grabbing a \"bug-out bag\" of equipment and timing their effort. The next day, the family watches a survivalist training video on food preservation made by Alain, a charismatic, middle-aged survival enthusiast. After being invited to visit Alain's cabin for a multi-day training session, Antoine drives alone in winter to the isolated camp, where he meets Alain. Alain has developed a self-sufficient camp, with a cabin, greenhouse, chicken coops, a generator, solar panels, and batteries. Other survivalist enthusiasts arrive at the camp, including Rachel (a former soldier), Sebastien (a hunting enthusiast), Anna, François, and David, a paramilitary type. Alain trains the students in handgun and rifle drills, snaring and field dressing small animals, and planting in the greenhouse. The students eat in Alain's cabin and sleep in a large tent. During the evening meal, Alain tells the students about his survivalist philosophies. He says that the students are all excellent examples of what a \"lucid citizen\" should be. He notes that if society collapses, he can live in his camp and supply his own needs. He invites Antoine to think about joining him in the camp in the future. Alain next teaches the students how to build pipe bombs. He says that, in the event of social collapse, if a large number of \"migrants with machetes\" try to come to the camp, rifles alone might not be a sufficient defence. After testing a bomb, the students pack up the equipment. As François carries a crate of bombs back to camp, it accidentally explodes and kills him. Most of the students want to call the police and report the accident, but Alain and David refuse. They say that all risk being charged with domestic terrorism or manslaughter, and Alain will lose his survival camp. Alain adjourns the meeting", "title": "The Decline (film)" }, { "docid": "64012620", "text": "Blood & Water is a South African teen crime drama television series developed by Gambit Films for Netflix starring Ama Qamata, Khosi Ngema and Gail Mabalane. Set in Cape Town, the series follows a girl who transfers to an elite school when she suspects one of the students may be her sister, who was abducted as a baby. The 6-episode first season was released on Netflix on 20 May 2020. In June 2020, Netflix renewed the series for a second season, which was released on 24 September 2021. A third season, announced in April 2022, premiered on 25 November 2022. A fourth season premiered on 1 March 2024. The series won Best TV Drama at the 2021 South African Film and Television Awards as well as awards for cinematography and sound design. Plot The series revolves around Puleng (Ama Qamata), a high school girl whose sister Phume was kidnapped as part of a human trafficking network shortly after birth. On the same day of Phume's birthday Puleng was invited to a party of Fikile Bhele (Khosi Ngema), a popular athlete studying at Parkhurst College, a prestigious school in Cape Town. After Wade (Dillon Windvogel), a new acquaintance points out their resemblance, Puleng starts to suspect that Fikile is Phume. She has lived in the shadow of her sister all her life so she decides to get to the bottom of things. She transfers to the elite school to investigate. While solving the puzzle, Puleng discovers that the mystery of her missing sister is not the only secret that her friends and family keep. Cast Main Recurring Laura Bosman as Mrs. Joffe Andre Lombaard as Mr. Loots Baby Cele as Minister Dlamini Elzet Nel as Nate (seasons 1–2) Faniswa Yisa as Brenda Jaxa (seasons 1–2) Nasty C as Zhero (season 1) YoungstaCPT as himself (season 2) Ivan Botha as Hugo Ferreira (season 2) Ethan Brukman as Chase (season 3) Augusta Zietsman as Amber La Roux (season 3) Damien Wantenaar as Damian (season 4) Daanyaal Ally as Gregory Dickson (season 4) Masasa Mbangeni as Ms. Makeba (season 4) Episodes Season 1 (2020) Season 2 (2021) Season 3 (2022) Season 4 (2024) Production Development In February 2019, it was announced Netflix had picked up their second South African original production after Queen Sono with a new teen drama from Gambit Films directed by Nosipho Dumisa and written by Daryne Joshua and Travis Taute. Bradley Joshua and Benjamin Overmeyer would produce. In June 2020, Netflix renewed the series for a second season. The writers' room was expanded for the second season, and Thati Peele was added to the directing team. On 6 April 2022, it was revealed the third season of the show was under production. Casting The cast was reported when filming for season 1 began, with a line-up of Ama Qamata, Khosi Ngema, Thabang Molaba, Dillon Windvogel, and Natasha Thahane. Gail Mabalane, Sello Maake, Arno Greeff, Ryle De Morny, Getmore Sithole, Xolile Tshabalala, Monique Rockman, and Cindy Mahlangu would also feature. Qamata", "title": "Blood & Water (South African TV series)" }, { "docid": "51061942", "text": "Last Chance U is an American documentary television series that is produced by and premiered on Netflix. The six-episode first season explores the football program at East Mississippi Community College, which features several collegiate athletes that have had trouble in their lives and struggled with finding structure. The players are then required to perform at the junior college (JUCO) level, under the stewardship of coach Buddy Stephens, in order to prove themselves and return to Division I. The series' second season returned to Mississippi, but transitioned to Independence Community College in Kansas for the show's third season, which premiered on July 21, 2018. This was followed by a return to Independence for the fourth season; it debuted on July 19, 2019. The final season took place at Laney College in Oakland, California and premiered on July 28, 2020. In 2020, it was announced that a scripted drama based on the first two seasons would be produced by and star Courteney Cox. Synopsis The first two seasons focus on all aspects of the football program at East Mississippi Community College, one of the most successful JUCO programs in the country. Major themes include the academic struggles of the players – some of whom have come from severely disadvantaged backgrounds. This is set against an overall redemption and coming-of-age “last chance” theme for the group of men struggling to find their place. Team academic advisor Brittany Wagner is featured prominently as she is tasked with getting all team members to graduate on time. Head coach Buddy Stephens' struggles with controlling his temper is also a major theme, which is often juxtaposed with his devout Christian faith that he attempts to impart on the team. Season 1 The crew followed the EMCC Lions during their 2015 season as they attempted to capture their fourth JUCO national title. While the team appeared dominant for much of the year, their season was derailed after a brawl broke out during their game with Mississippi Delta. EMCC was disqualified from the state playoffs and a potential berth to the national championship game. Ranking: NJCAA released prior to game. Season 2 Netflix returned to Scooba to follow their 2016 season. Once again holding national championship aspirations, the team faced a major hurdle in that only 32 of their players were eligible for their opening game with Jones County Junior College due to suspensions related to the previous season's brawl. EMCC lost that game, 27–25, their first season-opening loss since 2010. The Lions would go on to win the rest of their games, but were left out of the national championship game when they finished the season ranked No. 3 in the polls. Ranking: NJCAA released prior to game. Season 3 Despite being invited back to EMCC for a third season, producers decided to move the show to Independence Community College of Kansas. The new location is different in that ICC has historically had much lower expectations than EMCC; in 2016, it ended the season 5–4, its first winning", "title": "Last Chance U" }, { "docid": "60639021", "text": "You vs. Wild is a 2019 interactive American adventure reality television series on Netflix. The premise revolves around making key decisions to help Bear Grylls navigate in harsh, scary environments to survive and complete missions. Grylls speaks directly to the camera, asking the viewer to select between options like scaling a cliff or scrambling along the coastline, etc. The full season of You vs. Wild consisting of eight episodes has been released on April 10, 2019. Later on February 16, 2021, the movie Animals on the Loose: A You vs. Wild Movie was released on Netflix. A second interactive special released on September 14 titled You vs. Wild: Out Cold. Cast Bear Grylls Jason Derek Prempeh [In You vs. Wild: Out Cold] Ranveer Singh [In Ranveer vs. Wild with Bear Grylls] Karan Kapadia [In Ranveer vs. Wild with Bear Grylls] Release You vs. Wild has been released on April 10, 2019, on Netflix. Animals on the Loose: A You vs. Wild Movie was released on February 16, 2021, on Netflix. You vs. Wild: Out Cold was released in 2021. On July 8, 2022, the Spin-Off Ranveer vs. Wild with Bear Grylls with Actor Ranveer Singh was released on Netflix. Episodes and summaries Episode 1 - Operation Jungle Rescue, Pt. 1 The target of this episode is to find a doctor. A doctor is delivering vaccines to small villages, but she is dehydrated and needs Bear's help. There are 2 main ways of going through the episode, you can either go through the jungle using machete to make a trail or you can go through the river. Both ways come to the same spot. At the end of episode, he finds the doctor and takes a challenge to deliver the vaccines by himself because the doctor is very dehydrated. Episode 2 - Operation Jungle Rescue, Pt. 2 The target is to deliver vaccines to the small village. On the way Bear passes through mangrove trees. Also, Bear saw a jaguar on his way. At the end, he gives the vaccines to the leader of the village and paddles away on a canoe. Episode 3 - Searching for a Saint Bernard Deep snow, crevasses and avalanches are just some of the threats Bear will face when you help him locate a lost rescue dog in the Swiss Alps. Episode 4 - Lost on Snow Mountain Bear must survive for 24 hours on a frigid mountain pass in the Swiss Alps until help can arrive. Should he stay put or stay moving? It's your choice! Episode 5 - A Venomous Adventure, Pt. 1 A cargo plane has crash-landed in a scorching desert canyon, and Bear needs your help to find it. But first, will you put him in a plane or a helicopter? Episode 6 - A Venomous Adventure, Pt. 2 Explore the desert as you help Bear comb the unforgiving landscape to acquire the venom of a snake, a scorpion and a tarantula. Can you find all three? Episode 7 - Land", "title": "You vs. Wild" }, { "docid": "48552005", "text": "Danika Yarosh (born October 1, 1998) is an American actress. She appeared in the Showtime series Shameless and in the NBC series Heroes Reborn. She co‐starred with Tom Cruise in Jack Reacher: Never Go Back (2016). Early life Yarosh is a native of Bedminster, New Jersey, the daughter of Victor and Linda Yarosh. She has three siblings, an older sister, Amanda, who also acts, an older brother, Erik, and a younger brother, Peter. Her father is a former member of the United States Air Force. Yarosh spent her early years in Bedminster. Career Yarosh first appeared on film at the age of 5 as an extra in The Stepford Wives (2004), starring Nicole Kidman, which filmed in her home town. She began studying acting and dance, first appearing off-Broadway, and then won the role of ballet dancer Karen in the 2009 Broadway production of Billy Elliot at the Imperial Theatre, when she was 10. Yarosh moved with her mother to Los Angeles at age 12, and began booking bit parts on television, including the series 30 Rock and Law & Order: Special Victims Unit. She appeared in the 2012 film, The Color of Time, starring Mila Kunis and James Franco, playing the first love of poet C. K. Williams. Yarosh then had recurring roles on the Nick at Nite sitcom See Dad Run, and the Showtime series Shameless, replacing Dove Cameron in the latter series. She postponed attending college full time when she was cast in the NBC sci-fi miniseries Heroes Reborn. Yarosh played Samantha, the would-be daughter of Jack Reacher (Tom Cruise) in the 2016 action film Jack Reacher: Never Go Back. She starred opposite Erin Moriarty and Helen Hunt in the 2018 sports drama The Miracle Season. She played Caroline \"Line\" Found, a star Iowa City West High School volleyball player, whose team went on to win the state championship after she was killed in a moped accident. Yarosh was cast opposite Teri Polo and Dylan Walsh in Foreign Exchange, a drama written by Chris Sivertson. She also appeared in Back Roads, a film directed by Alex Pettyfer. Yarosh joined the cast of the Netflix series Greenhouse Academy for its third season, replacing actress Grace Van Dien in the role of Brooke Osmond. In 2019, she signed on to the second season of the USA Network series The Purge, recurring as college student Kelen Stewart. Filmography Awards and nominations Notes A. Known as Perfect Family, Perfect Murder when shown by Channel 5 in the UK References External links 1998 births Living people 21st-century American actresses Actresses from New Jersey American child actresses American film actresses American television actresses People from Bedminster, New Jersey People from Morristown, New Jersey American people of Ukrainian descent", "title": "Danika Yarosh" }, { "docid": "30941893", "text": "Assaf Bernstein (; born 8 July 1970) is an Israeli screenwriter, film director and film producer. Life and works Bernstein was born in Israel and graduated cum laude from NYU Film School. Bernstein began his film career with two documentary short subjects, \"It Belongs to the Bank\" (1999), a \"social documentary,\" which follows a woman bailiff's journey through Arab villages and urban slums as she seizes property from Israel's poor; and \"Holy for Me\" (1995), a \"spoof\" on tours, guides, and visits to the holy sites of Jerusalem, which won the 1995 Best Short Film award at the Jerusalem Film Festival. In 2007, Bernstein directed the 2007 film The Debt (Hebrew: HaChov or HaHov), starring Gila Almagor. The movie is about three former Israeli Mossad agents who must confront a secret from their past. Bernstein also wrote and co-produced the film, and later helped write the 2010 U.S. English-language remake, also titled The Debt and starring Oscar-winning actresses Jessica Chastain and Helen Mirren. In 2012 Bernstein directed The series Allenby Street, which debuted in 2012, follows the story of a nightclub on Tel Aviv's Allenby Street, and one of the strippers, portrayed by Moran Atias, working in it. The series is based on the best-selling novel \"Allenby Street,\" by Gadi Taub Bernstein also directed and served as showrunner for the complete first season of the internationally acclaimed television series Fauda. The series is distributed by the online streaming service Netflix, billed as a Netflix original program, and premiered on 2 December 2016. In 2016, the show took six awards, including Best Drama Series, at the Israeli Academy Awards. In December 2017, The New York Times voted Fauda the best international show of 2017, calling it, \"The grittiest, tightest, most lived-in thrillers come from Israel.\" In 2018, the show took 11 Israeli TV Academy Awards, including best TV drama, best actor for Lior Raz and also best screenplay, casting, cinematography, recording, special effects and in other categories. In 2018 he wrote and directed the film Look Away starring India Eisley, Mira Sorvino and Jason Isaacs. Look Away is a psychological thriller that tells the story of Maria, an alienated high-school student whose life is turned upside down when she switches places with her sinister mirror image. Bernstein is currently working on a film adaptation of Stephen King's Rose Madder. Filmography References External links Israeli Jews Israeli film producers Israeli film directors 1970 births Film people from Tel Aviv Israeli male screenwriters Living people", "title": "Assaf Bernstein" }, { "docid": "62767412", "text": "I Am Not Okay with This is an American coming-of-age black comedy television series based on the graphic novel of the same name by Charles Forsman. The series stars Sophia Lillis, Wyatt Oleff, Sofia Bryant, and Kathleen Rose Perkins. The series was released on Netflix on February 26, 2020, and received positive reviews, with praise for the performances, particularly for Lillis and Oleff. Originally renewed for a second season, Netflix canceled the series in August 2020, citing \"circumstances related to the COVID-19 pandemic\". Cast and characters Main Sophia Lillis as Sydney Novak, a 17-year-old Lesbian girl who begins to realize that she has telekinetic powers Wyatt Oleff as Stanley \"Stan\" Barber, Sydney's neighbor and friend Sofia Bryant as Dina, Sydney's best friend, whom she has a crush on Kathleen Rose Perkins as Maggie Novak, Sydney's widowed mother Recurring Aidan Wojtak-Hissong as Liam Novak, Sydney's younger brother Richard Ellis as Brad Lewis, Dina's jock boyfriend whom Sydney dislikes David Theune as Mr. File, the high school science teacher Zachary S. Williams as Ricky Berry, confident, monied jock and Brad's best friend Jackson Frazer as Richard Rynard, a bully who torments Liam and whom Sydney confronts Photographs of Alex Lawther and Jessica Barden are briefly used as an easter egg to their respectively portrayed characters James and Alyssa from The End of the F**ing World (2017–2019), the events of which are intended to be taking place simultaneously with those of I Am Not Okay with This. Episodes Production Development On December 12, 2018, it was announced that Netflix had given the production a series order for an eight-episode first season, of which only seven were produced. The series was created by Jonathan Entwistle and Christy Hall, who are credited as executive producers alongside Shawn Levy, Dan Levine, Dan Cohen, and Josh Barry. Entwistle also directed the series. The series was released on February 26, 2020. The series was renewed by Netflix for a second season. On August 21, 2020, Netflix canceled the series after one season, stating \"COVID-related circumstances\". Casting Alongside the series announcement, it was announced that Sophia Lillis, Sofia Bryant, Wyatt Oleff, and Kathleen Rose Perkins would star in the series, with Aidan Wojtak-Hissong and Richard Ellis recurring in the series. Filming Filming commenced in Pittsburgh in June 2019. The town of Brownsville, Pennsylvania served as a primary location, while Wilmerding's Westinghouse Arts Academy Charter School was used as the high school exterior. Reception On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the series has an 87% approval rating with 67 reviews, with an average rating of 6.82/10. The website's critical consensus reads, \"As awkward and charming as adolescence, but with twice the supernatural twists, I Am Not Okay With This first season at times veers into shallow territory, but Sophia Lillis' strong performance keeps it afloat.\" Review aggregator Metacritic gave the series a score of 68 out of 100 based on 16 critics, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\". The series was nominated for \"Best Adaptation from Comic Book/Graphic Novel\" at the", "title": "I Am Not Okay with This" }, { "docid": "69037263", "text": "Insiders is a Spanish reality television series hosted by Najwa Nimri. It premiered on Netflix on October 21, 2021. Premise Thirteen contestants are gathered in a 1,600 square-meter studio under the guise of the final stage of the casting process for a reality show. What they do not know is that, in fact, they are already in the show: cameras are secretly filming them during all their stay in the area. The objective of this is to catch contestants off guard and make them confront the differences in their behavior between the times they know they are being filmed and the times they think they are not. The winner will earn a €100,000 prize. Season 1 (2021) Contestants Results and elimination Season 2 (2022) During a press conference for Netflix's Spanish originals at the 2021 Vitoria FesTVal, Álvaro Díaz, Netflix Spain's director of non-fiction content, confirmed that a second season had already been filmed. Season 2 premiered on May 19, 2022. Laura and Peter from Season 1 returned as 'mole' contestants, trained by the show's crew for a special assignment. Contestants Results and elimination Episodes Series overview Season 1 (2021) Season 2 (2022) Critical reception Insiders was met with positive to mixed reviews in Spain, being hailed as a return to the essence of reality television. FormulaTV's Sergio Navarro compared the show to American television series Unreal, noting that it showed the crew plotting where the show was heading. \"And it is thrilling to witness those private meetings, unbeknownst to the contestants, where you can see how they weave the twists and turns and how they come together to create an exciting program.\" Bluper's Juan M. Fernández also picked up on the comparison to Unreal, while praising the decision to keep the runtime at an hour or less per episode: \"It was about time that shows with episodes of no more than 50 minutes were done in this country. The show wins with it. More so with such outstanding music. Insiders cuts to the chase, gets right down to business.\" Espinof's Mikel Zorrilla was less impressed, noting that the format becomes overcomplicated in its attempt to keep contestants and viewers alike on their toes: \"Insiders wants to outsmart everyone, at once trying to retrieve something unique and to constantly surprise. The mixture is striking at first, but there is a point where everything turns out kind of random, leaving the show at a strange middle ground between the search for something real and the completely manufactured.\" For similar reasons, Decider's Joel Keller advised readers to skip the show, concluding: \"There’s a good reality competition somewhere within the convoluted format of Insiders. But the pains the producers take to keep their secret from the contestants makes it all about the conceit and not the contestants themselves.\" References Notes 2021 Spanish television series debuts Spanish reality television series Netflix original programming Spanish-language television shows", "title": "Insiders (Spanish TV series)" }, { "docid": "59747713", "text": "Go! Live Your Way () is an Argentine musical romance television series created by Sebastián Mellino. The story follows a musically skilled teenager, Mía Cáceres, who wins a scholarship to study at a prestigious academy, where her path to achieving her goal will not be easy, since she will have to face the injustices that stand between her and her dream. In Season 2, she sets out looking for her father. The series, directed by its creator Sebastián Mellino, stars Pilar Pascual, Renata Toscano Bruzon, José Giménez Zapiola, Santiago Sáez, Gastón Ricaud and Laura Azcurra, as well as Axel Muñiz, Carmela Barsamián, Paulo Sánchez Lima, María José Cardozo, María José Chicar, Bautista Lena, Manuel Ramos, Daniel Rosado, Simón Hempe, Carolina Domenech and Antonella Carabelli. It is the second Argentine Netflix Original Series after Edha. The first season of fifteen episodes was released on Netflix on 22 February 2019. The second season, which also consists of fifteen episodes, was released on the 21 June 2019. A spin-off film titled “Go! The Unforgettable Party” was released in November 15, 2019 on Netflix. Even though a third season had been announced in February 2020 on the show’s official Instagram page, Pascual confirmed in August 2020 that the series had been cancelled, even though it was still unconfirmed by Netflix. As of February 2021, most of the cast members of the series had moved on to other projects, including the Argentine series “Mi Amigo Hormiga” (English: My Ant Friend), the Disney+ Latin America series “Intertwined”, and the Netflix Latin America series “Cielo Grande\" (English: Secrets of Summer). Plot Mia Caceres (Pilar Pascual) is a talented singer/dancer, who wants to pursue her dreams of being a musician. She is the lead singer of her band, Sold Out, she started alongside her lifelong best friend Gaspar Fontan (Axel Muñiz). However, she wants to pursue her dreams by auditioning for a scholarship at the prestigious boarding school known for its elite dancing and singing workshop - Saint Mary. After much discussion with her aunt Isabel (Melania Lenoir), she finally agrees. Mia auditions, but doesn't get a Scholarship, and goes home devastated. Her aunt says they'll find the perfect school for her in Spain, where her son lives. But what Mia doesn't know is that Isabel went to talk to Ramiro Achával (Gaston Ricaud), who happens to be the owner of the school and used to be in a relationship with Marianna Caceres (Mia's mother). Ramiro decides to tell Gloria, the secretary to make a call and accept Mia into the school, behind Mercedes' (Laura Azcurra) (the principal and Ramiro's wife) back. Isabel lets Mia enter the school, but Mia has no idea what's about to happen to her life. She and her best friends, Zoe (Carmela Barsamien) and Simon (Paulo Sanchez Lima) enter the Go workshop, however, Mia must face the daughter of the school owner, Lupe (Renata Toscano Bruzón). Lupe is the most talented and the most popular in the school, but since Mia came, all", "title": "Go! Live Your Way" }, { "docid": "4396259", "text": "Winston Wiremu Reid (born 3 July 1988) is a New Zealand former footballer who last played as a defender for club West Ham United. He captained the New Zealand national team. He has also played for Midtjylland with loan periods at Sporting Kansas City and Brentford. Early life Both Reid's parents have Māori ancestry. He affiliates to Tainui through his father and to Te Rarawa through his mother. He was born in North Shore, Auckland, and started playing football at the age of four at local club Takapuna. Reid moved from New Zealand to Denmark at the age of 10 with his mother and Danish stepfather, but always maintained contact with his father and his family in New Zealand. Club career FC Midtjylland Reid signed a youth contract with SUB Sønderborg. In 2004, the then 16-year-old Reid joined the academy of Danish Superliga club FC Midtjylland on a three-year youth contract. He was one of the first players to graduate from FCM's football academy, the first of its kind in Denmark, coming through the system alongside Midtjylland teammates Jesper Weinkouff, Christian Sivebæk and former teammate, Simon Kjær. While coming through the system, Reid helped the U19 win their first U19 Danish championship. In November 2005, Reid signed a professional contract with FC Midtjylland. At the same month at aged 17, he made his FC Midtjylland debut in the Royal League tournament against Norwegian side Vålerenga in a 4–0 win. Reid made his league debut for FC Midtjylland, making his first start and played 60 minutes before being substituted in the 60th minute, in a 2–2 draw against SønderjyskE on 27 November 2005. It was not until on 19 March 2006 when he made another appearance for the side, coming on as an 88th-minute substitute, in a 2–0 win against Aarhus GF. Reid then received a handful of first team football towards the end of the 2005–06 season, which lead him to make nine appearances for the side. At the start of the 2006–07 season, Reid appeared in the first three league matches before being sidelined with an injury. After missing three matches, he made his return from injury, coming on as a 76th-minute substitute, in a 2–0 win against Silkeborg on 10 September 2006. However, his return was short–lived when Reid suffered another injury, resulting him out for two months. Reid later featured in and out of the first team towards the end of the season. By the end of the season, he went on to make 11 appearances in all competitions. Ahead of the 2007–08 season, Reid signed a contract extension with Midtjylland, keeping him until 2012. Shortly after, he made his first appearance of the season against AaB and helping the side win 2–1 on 8 August 2007. Reid continued to be featured in and out of the first team for the next three months. However, he was plagued with injuries and was out of the starting line–up for most of the season. By the end of the", "title": "Winston Reid" }, { "docid": "18552030", "text": "Henri Bedimo Nsamé (born 4 June 1984) is a retired Cameroonian professional footballer who played as a left-back. He represented the Cameroon national team internationally from 2009 to 2016 making 51 appearances and scoring once. Club career Toulouse Born in Douala, Cameroon, Bedimo was trained at the Kadji Sports Academy and Dream FC team in Cameroon and after playing six matches, he was scouted by an agent. This led Bedimo emigrated to France when he was 15 in 1999. Upon arriving at France, Bedimo went on a trial at Grenoble Foot 38 and a successful trial led him to join the club, which saw him assigned to the academy. After spending three years at the academy and reserve at Grenoble, Bedimo joined Toulouse on a free transfer in 2003. It came after when Erick Mombaerts scouted him during his performance at Gambardella cup match. When he first joined the club, Bedimo started out at the reserve team for the rest of the 2003–04 season. In June 2004, he signed his first professional contract with Toulouse and was promoted to the first team as a result. In the opening game of the 2004–05 season, Bedimo made his debut for the club, coming on as an 88th-minute substitute, in a 0–0 draw against Lens. Two weeks later on 21 August 2004, he made his first starts, starting the whole game, in a 2–1 win over Paris Saint-Germain. Since the start of the 2004–05 season, Bedimo found his playing time, mostly coming from the substitute bench in the first team for Toulouse. As a result, he either faced being on the sidelines or playing for Toulouse's reserve team. At the end of the 2004–05 season, Bedimo went on to make eighteen appearances in all competitions. At the start of the 2005–06 season, Bedimo appeared in the first two matches of the season, including his first start of the season against Nice. However, his first team opportunities at Toulouse continued to be limited throughout the 2005–06 season. Once again, it resulted in him playing for the club's reserve side. At the end of the 2005–06 season, he only made eight appearances in all competitions. Le Havre AC With his first-team opportunities limited at Toulouse further, Bedimo decided to leave the club by joining Le Havre on a free transfer in 2006. He made his debut for Le Havre in the opening game of the season, starting the whole game, in a 3–1 loss against Amiens. Since making his debut for the club, Bedimo established himself in the starting eleven at Le Havre, playing in the defender position. However, he received a straight red card for the first time in his career, in a 1–0 win over Istres on 13 October 2006. Bedimo then helped Le Havre keep five out the six consecutive clean sheets between 1 December 2006 and 2 February 2007. In what turned out to be his last appearance for the club, he scored an own goal, which turned out to be", "title": "Henri Bedimo" }, { "docid": "51650949", "text": "Noah Cameron Schnapp (born October 3, 2004) is an American actor. He gained recognition for playing Will Byers in the Netflix science fiction horror series Stranger Things. He had a supporting role in Steven Spielberg's historical drama Bridge of Spies (2015) and has voiced Charlie Brown in the animated film The Peanuts Movie (2015). Early life Schnapp was born in New York City to Mitchell and Karine Schnapp (née Perez), and was raised in Scarsdale, New York. He is Jewish and had his bar mitzvah in Israel. He has a twin sister. He holds both U.S. and Canadian citizenship. His father is of Russian Jewish descent, while his mother is of Moroccan Jewish descent. Schnapp's desire to act started when he was about five years old after watching the Broadway production of Annie. He performed acting roles in school and community plays. When he was 8, his acting teacher suggested he attempt a professional career. Schnapp's parents registered him for an acting program at Star Kidz in Westchester, where he was guided by coach Alyson Isbrandtsen. It was under her guidance that he was subsequently introduced to MKS&D Talent Management, which opened up avenues for his career. Acting career Schnapp's acting debut was in the Academy Award-winning 2015 film Bridge of Spies, directed by Steven Spielberg. He played Roger, the son of character James B. Donovan. Concurrently, Schnapp voiced the lead character, Charlie Brown, in the animated movie The Peanuts Movie. He also voiced the character for the video game The Peanuts Movie: Snoopy's Grand Adventure. His breakthrough came in July 2016, when he began starring as Will Byers in the Netflix science fiction horror television series Stranger Things. He was promoted to series regular for the second season of the series, which premiered on October 27, 2017. Schnapp also starred in independent films like Abe (2019) and Waiting for Anya (2020). He appeared in the 2020 Halloween comedy film Hubie Halloween. In April 2022, Schnapp joined the cast of The Tutor. Other ventures In 2019, Schnapp launched a YouTube channel under his own name. Active for a year and a half, he primarily created vlogs and lifestyle videos. As of June 2022, the channel has 4.2million subscribers and has gained 110million views. In November 2021, he launched To Be Honest (TBH), a sustainability-focused snacking company he co-founded with Elena Guberman and Ba Minuzzi. In November 2022, Schnapp announced a crowdfunding campaign for this venture on the Republic platform that aimed to raise a maximum amount of $1.235million at a $15million valuation cap. In 2023, he launched TenderFix, a delivery-only virtual restaurant brand operated by IHOP with a menu of chicken tenders. Personal life , Schnapp attends the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, majoring in entrepreneurship and innovation. He is scheduled to graduate in 2026. Schnapp publicly came out as gay in a video posted to his TikTok account on January 5, 2023. The video saw him express relief that family and friends had accepted his coming out,", "title": "Noah Schnapp" }, { "docid": "52850524", "text": "Justin Michael Cornwell (born November 5, 1988) is an American actor, writer and musician best known for playing Young Jeronicus Jangle in the Netflix original movie Jingle Jangle, Marcus Hargreeves in The Umbrella Academy and Kyle Craig in the CBS crime drama, Training Day, based on the 2001 film of the same name. Early life and education Cornwell was born in Sharon, Pennsylvania to Sidney Cornwell and Robin Bodiford. However, he was primarily raised in Cleveland, Ohio and Louisville, Kentucky. At age 10, he relocated with his mother and stepfather Jackie Herring (died 2009) to Louisville where he was encouraged to pursue art after first showing an interest in grade school. He graduated from Eastern High School where he participated in chorus and school plays. He was named as a premier student artist at the Muhammad Ali Center. He attended the University of Louisville where he continued studying acting. Cornwell relocated to Chicago in 2011 to pursue his acting career. Career Cornwell found work at the Chicago Shakespeare Theatre where he appeared in Othello the Remix, A Midsummer Night's Dream and other Chicago theatre productions shortly after being signed by Gray Talent Group. While constantly working in theater and on the crew of TV shows, he booked appearances in commercials for Walmart and the Ohio Lottery. In 2014, Cornwell appeared in an episode of the NBC crime drama, Chicago P.D. In 2015, he appeared in an episode of Fox's musical drama, Empire and later had an uncredited appearance in Spike Lee's Chi-Raq. In March 2016, Cornwell was cast in the pilot for the CBS drama Training Day, based on the 2001 film of the same name. It went to series but was cancelled after the untimely death of Cornwell's co-lead Bill Paxton, airing all 13 episodes of its sole season. In 2017, Cornwell was cast in the TNT limited series I Am the Night, produced by Patty Jenkins and Chris Pine, which aired its limited run in January 2019. That same year also saw Cornwell star in the NBC supernatural crime drama, The InBetween, which ended its run after only one season. In the fall of 2020, Cornwell appeared in the event musical Jingle Jangle for Netflix as young Jeronicus Jangle performing the opening song This Day in the film. In January 2021, it was announced that Cornwell would be joining the season 3 of Netflix series The Umbrella Academy as the leader of an alternate group of super powered siblings called the Sparrow Academy. As of June 2021, Cornwell was announced as a lead in Gareth Evans Netflix action thriller Havoc starring alongside Tom Hardy and Forest Whitaker. In 2023, Cornwell appeared in season 2 of Bel-Air as Lamarcus Alton. Personal life Cornwell married his longtime girlfriend Lindsey Jones on 7 September 2019. Filmography Movies Television Video games References External links 1988 births American male television actors Living people University of Louisville alumni People from Sharon, Pennsylvania Male actors from Louisville, Kentucky Eastern High School (Louisville, Kentucky) alumni", "title": "Justin Cornwell" }, { "docid": "53657170", "text": "Rostered On is a single-camera Australian comedy web series focused on the retail staff of \"Electroworld\". It is directed and written by Ryan Chamley and produced by Robot Army. The series was launched with a pilot episode on 4 April 2016 and a full series began exactly a year later on 4 April 2017 airing on Facebook and YouTube. In early 2017 the show was heavily promoted including the release of an extended trailer. Netflix picked up the series and season 1 was available from 4 April 2018. Episodes previously available on YouTube and Facebook were removed. However, the show was removed from Netflix on 12 June 2022 and all episodes were subsequently made available again on YouTube. A second season was commissioned by the Seven Network and screened on 7mate, the first narrative comedy commissioned for the channel. Season 1 also screened on 7mate in 2019. Cast Paul Moore as Shaun, a salesperson at Electroworld and aspiring photographer who is constantly fed up with working a thankless job. Ronn Kurtz as Winston/Winno, a salesperson at Electroworld. Winston is kind-hearted, loveable and has a crush on Tess. Doug Lyons as Adam, Electroworld's 2IC, who is a stickler for the rules. Tara Vagg as Tess, the stores only Saleswoman, who has mutual feelings for Winston. Tess was played by Georgie Jennings on the Pilot Episode. Diana Brumen as Beeanka, one of the stores counter staff. Beeanka is mean, cold & manipulative. Susie Kazda as Sarah, the stores other counter staff who is good friends with Beeanka. Jack Garnett as Darren, the warehouse person who keeps to himself Stephen Francis as Gary, the store manager. Gary is friendly, and helps out whenever he can. Good friends with Shaun. Lliam Murphy as Brett, one of Electroworld's top salesman. Brett is a serial womaniser, and borderline sexist. In the season 2 premiere, he comes out as bisexual. Adam Balales as Spencer, a salesperson who is good friends with Winston. Steph Evison Williams as Sara, Shaun's loving wife who works at the cafe. Sreed Sathiamoorthy as Vish, the resident security guard who is very confrontational, physical and has an unconventional method to dealing with customers. Luke Saliba as Chris Woods, one of the company's regional managers who is the stereotypical outgoing retail Manager. Christine Husband as Alison, one of the company's regional managers who tries to maintain order. Nicholas Boshier as Dan, a new staff member introduced in season 2, who is living out of his car struggling to find a place to live. Ace Howell as Montana, a barista at the cafe. Dan raised her as his un-biological daughter. Jackson Tozer as Calvin, the new security guard introduced in season 2. He is carefree and eager to hang out with his colleagues. Michael Mack as Clint, originally an angry customer in season 1, he returns as the head chef at the cafe in season 2. Reception The Guardian gave it 2 stars, writing \"You'd be hard-pressed to find anyone who'd consider the sleazy posturing", "title": "Rostered On" }, { "docid": "11978746", "text": "The main Saint Petersburg Botanical Garden, officially known as the Russian Academy of Sciences Vladimir Komarov Botanical Institute's Botanical Garden of Peter the Great (); since 1823 Emperor's Botanical Garden \"Императорский Ботанический сад\", originally Apothecary Garden \"Аптекарский огород\"), is the oldest botanical garden in Russia and the best-known one out of botanical gardens of Saint Petersburg, the other two belonging respectively to Saint Petersburg State University and Saint Petersburg Forestry Technical University. It consists of outdoor and indoor collections situated on Aptekarsky Island in Saint Petersburg and belongs to the Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. It is 18.9 ha in area, and is bordered by Aptekarsky Prospekt (main entrance), Prof. Popov Street (second entrance), as well as the embankments of the Karpovka and Bolshaya Neva rivers. Overview The garden, located in Ulitsa Professora Popova, St. Petersburg, Russia, was founded by Peter I in 1714 as a herb garden in order to grow medicinal plants and re-established as a botanical institution under the name Imperial Botanical Garden in 1823, with assistance from John Goldie. Ivan Lepyokhin was in charge of the botanical garden from 1774 until 1802. Beginning in 1855, Eduard August von Regel was associated with the garden, first as Scientific Director and then as Director General (1875–1892). Regel had a particular fascination with the genus Allium, overseeing collections of these plants in the Russian Far East and writing about them in two monographs. More than 60 of the alliums he identified bear his name, e.g., A. giganteum Regel and A. rosenbahianum Regel. Many alliums can be viewed in the Northern Yard of the garden. In 1897 Constantin Georg Alexander Winkler became head botanist at the garden. He then reorganized the herbaria and greenhouse collections. Around 1900, Boris Fedtschenko became head botanist and he organised investigations of various Russian regions including Siberia, Caucusus, Middle Asia and Asiatic Russia. All published in various volumes and books. In 1930, the garden became subordinate to the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union and, in 1931, was merged with the Botanical Museum into the Botanical Institute. Greenhouses The garden has 25 greenhouses constructed in 1823–1824. They are numbered from 1 to 28 (No. 5 and No. 25 don't exist; No. 10 and No. 11 are shared). Some of them are open to the public (guided visits only), including the large collections of azaleas and other Ericaceae (No. 6), ferns (No. 15), cacti and other succulents (No. 16), various tropical plants (No. 18), the 23.5 m high Big Palm Greenhouse with an important collection of orchids (No. 26) and the greenhouse with a pond containing Victoria amazonica (no. 28). The night blossom of cactus Selenicereus grandiflorus, cultivated there since 1857, is a celebrated event announced in mass media and open to the public in the 16th greenhouse in June-July. The indoor collections suffered significant losses during the Siege of Leningrad in 1941-1944; out of 6367 species only 861 survived. The chain of greenhouses encircles the Southern Yard and the Northern", "title": "Saint Petersburg Botanical Garden" }, { "docid": "53226529", "text": "Dinotrux is an animated television series. It is based on Chris Gall's illustrated children's book series, which features a fictional prehistoric world inhabited by hybrid characters that are part reptile and part mechanical tool referred to as Reptools. The series debuted on August 14, 2015 on Netflix, while the second season was released on March 11, 2016, the third on October 7, 2016, the fourth on March 31, 2017, the fifth on August 18, 2017, the sixth on November 10, 2017, the seventh on March 23, 2018, and the eighth on August 3, 2018. Series overview Episodes Season 1 (2015) Set in the Mechazoic era of a prehistoric world populated by hybrid dinosaur-construction vehicles called Dinotrux, and hybrid reptile-tools called Reptools, Two best friends, Ty, a Tyrannosaurus Trux, and Revvit, a Reptool, must team up with other inhabitants of the world to defend their community and their work from an evil T-Trux, named D-Structs. It's time to 'Trux It Up'. The series premiered on August 14, 2015, when the first ten episodes were released. Season 2 (2016) The adventure continues with Ty, Revvit, and the rest of the Trux as they make new friends, new enemies and face all new challenges. With danger and mystery around every corner, these half-dinosaur, half-truck and all awesome friends will 'Trux It Up' to build a better world. 13 episodes of the second season were released on Netflix on March 11, 2016. Season 3 (2016) As the Dinotrux continue make their community bigger and better, new enemies come to challenge Ty, Revvit and the rest of their friends. But with bigger builds, new Dinotrux and Reptools soon to follow, these half-dinosaur, half-construction vehicle and all awesome friends are more determined than ever to build their way out of any situation. 16 episodes of the third season were released on Netflix on October 7, 2016. Season 4 (2017) With new trux, new locations and new responsibilities, Ty and the trux will have their work cut out for them, but nothing will stop these guys from protecting their community, battling the forces of evil and, most importantly, building a better world. So get ready for more action, new friends and new challenges, 'cause it's time to Trux it up! Season 5 (2017) Picking up where things left off from last season, Ty and the gang have dozens of new trux to transition into their ever-growing community, but nothing could have prepared him for the challenges ahead. Still, with his friends by his side and new dangers to contend with, Ty will always be ready to Trux it up, even against a new Trux that even he can't stop alone. Season 6 (2017) Supercharged Ty and the Trux are back and thanks to a hive of Superchargers, they're ready to have more Supercharged fun, build new Supercharged things and battle new Supercharged enemies. So prepare yourselves for some Supercharged action because it's time to Super-Trux it up! Season 7 (2018) Supercharged Ty and the gang find that", "title": "List of Dinotrux episodes" }, { "docid": "73358033", "text": "Saffron Olivia Hocking (born 5 January 1992) is a British actress. She is known for her roles in the film Strangeways Here We Come (2018) and the Netflix series Top Boy (2019–2023), the latter of which earned her a British Academy Television Award nomination. Early life Hocking is from Greenwich, South East London. She graduated from the Academy of Live and Recorded Arts (ALRA) in 2014. Career Upon graduating from ALRA, Hocking was cast in Richard Bean's 2014 play Pitcairn, which had its world premiere at the Minerva Theatre, Chichester before having a run at Shakespeare's Globe and going on tour with Out of Joint. The following year, Hocking made her television debut with guest appearances in the BBC one series Doctors and Partners in Crime. Hocking played Lima in the 2016 Irish miniseries Smalltown and had a recurring role as Emma Lyndsey in the first series of the BBC Two sitcom White Gold in 2017. She made her feature film debut in the 2018 comedy-drama Strangeways Here We Come. She also had a small role in the Acorn TV police procedural London Kills. In 2019, Hocking joined the cast of Top Boy for its series 3 revival on Netflix in the recurring role of Lauryn Lawrence. She was promoted to the main cast for Top Boy'''s fourth series, and subsequently earned a nomination for the British Academy Television Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance. In 2022, Hocking starred in the music video for Stormzy's \"Hide & Seek\" and appeared in the ITVX drama Riches and the first episode of the Disney+ series Moon Knight. Hocking has an upcoming role in the second season of the Amazon Prime thriller The Devil's Hour. Personal life Hocking is an ambassador for Refuge, having reached out to the charity when seeking to portray her Top Boy'' character's domestic abuse storyline. Filmography Awards and nominations References External links Living people 1992 births Alumni of the Academy of Live and Recorded Arts Black British actresses Actresses from London People from Greenwich Actors from the Royal Borough of Greenwich", "title": "Saffron Hocking" }, { "docid": "423063", "text": "Season extension in agriculture is any method that allows a crop to be grown beyond its normal outdoor growing season and harvesting time frame, or the extra time thus achieved. To extend the growing season into the colder months, one can use unheated techniques such as floating row covers, low tunnels, caterpillar tunnels, or hoophouses. However, even if colder temperatures are mitigated, most crops will stop growing when the days become shorter than 10 hours, and resume after winter as the daylight increases above 10 hours. A hothouse — a greenhouse which is heated and illuminated — creates an environment where plants are fooled into thinking it is their normal growing season. Though this is a form of season extension for the grower, it is not the usual meaning of the term. Season extension can apply to other climates, where conditions other than cold and shortened period of sunlight end the growing year (e.g. a rainy season). Structures Unheated greenhouses (also known as cold houses) offer protection from the weather, such as sub-optimal temperatures, freezing or drying winds, damaging wind gusts, frost, snow and ice. Unheated greenhouses can extend the growing season of cold hardy vegetables well into the fall and sometimes even through winter until spring. Sometimes supplementary heating is appropriate when temperatures inside the greenhouse drop below 32 degrees Fahrenheit. Passive heated or low-energy greenhouses: Using principles of passive solar building design and including thermal mass will help keep an otherwise unheated greenhouse several degrees warmer at night and on overcast days. Other systems such as ground-coupled heat exchangers, thermal chimneys, thermosiphons, or \"climate batteries\" can also be used to take ground-stored heat and use it to help heat a greenhouse. Polytunnels (hoop houses): Whereas a greenhouse has a frame and is glazed with glass or stiff polycarbonate sheets, polytunnels are built with thin polyethylene plastic sheeting stretched over curved frameworks, often extending as long \"tunnels\". Low tunnels are short enough that a person cannot walk inside them, perhaps 2 to 4 feet tall, and the plastic must be lifted to access the plants. High tunnels are commercial-sized buildings, tall enough to walk through without bending and sometimes tall enough to operate tractors inside. Sometimes polytunnels are built with two layers of plastic sheeting and air blown in between them; this increases the insulation factor, but also cuts down on the amount of sunlight reaching the plants. Row covers are lightweight fabrics placed over plants to retain heat and can provide several degrees of frost protection. Row covers, being fabric, allow rain to permeate the material, and also allow plants to transpire without holding in the moisture (as happens under plastic sheeting). Row cover material can be laid directly onto the crop (floating row covers), or laid over a framework of hoops or wires. Row covers can be set up outside of any protective structure or placed over crops within high tunnels or greenhouses. In its simplest function, it allows a light frost to form on the cover", "title": "Season extension" }, { "docid": "32059357", "text": "Élodie Yung (; born 22 February 1981) is a French actress. She is best known for her roles as Elektra Natchios in the 2016 second season of the Marvel Cinematic Universe Netflix series Daredevil and the 2017 Netflix miniseries The Defenders, as well as Thony De La Rosa on the 2022 Fox series The Cleaning Lady. Early life Yung was born in Paris, on 22 February 1981. Her father is Cambodian and her mother is French. She grew up in Seine-Saint-Denis. Her father enrolled her in karate classes at age 9, and she eventually became a black belt in her late teens. Yung earned a law degree at the University of Paris with the intention of becoming a judge. However, at the age of 29, she instead pursued acting at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art. Career Yung's first roles were on TV after she started receiving acting role proposals when she was 20 years old. Following her 2004 film debut as female lead Tsu in , she played the gang lord Tao in District 13: Ultimatum. Yung returned to TV for the first three seasons of the successful police series Les Bleus with Clémentine Célarié. Yung appeared in the 2011 film The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo as Miriam Wu, a romantic interest of Lisbeth Salander. In 2013, she appeared on the silver screen as the ninja Jinx in G.I. Joe: Retaliation. She starred in the film Gods of Egypt (2016), as the goddess Hathor. In 2016 she starred as Amelia Roussel in the action comedy The Hitman's Bodyguard alongside Ryan Reynolds and Samuel L. Jackson. She plays Elektra Natchios in season 2 of Daredevil in 2016, and reprised the role in 2017 in The Defenders. In 2020, Yung played the role of Catherine in the Disney+ film Secret Society of Second-Born Royals. In 2022, Yung began starring as Thony in the Fox crime drama series The Cleaning Lady. Personal life In June 2018, Yung announced she was pregnant with her first child. Her daughter with actor Jonathan Howard was born early August 2018. Filmography Film Television Video games References External links Élodie Yung on Moviie.com Élodie Yung on vote model ranking 1981 births Living people 21st-century French actresses Actresses from Paris Alumni of the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art College of Sorbonne alumni French film actresses French female karateka French people of Cambodian descent French television actresses Sportspeople from Paris 20th-century French women", "title": "Élodie Yung" }, { "docid": "63684195", "text": "Simon Otto (born 12 June 1973) is a Swiss film director and animator. He is best known for working as the Head of Character Animation of the Oscar-nominated How to Train Your Dragon film trilogy for DreamWorks Animation. Life and career Otto was born in Switzerland and grew up in Gommiswald, in the canton of St. Gallen. After completing a banking apprenticeship, he started his career in the arts by carving commercial snow sculptures in nearby resort towns and drawing news cartoons for his hometown newspaper, \"Die Suedostschweiz\". He studied art formally at the F&F Schule fuer Experimentelle Gestaltung in Zurich. In 1995, Otto left Switzerland to study animation at the Gobelins Animation School in Paris, France where he also received additional animation training through an internship with Walt Disney Feature Animation Paris. His professional animation career started in 1997, when he was hired by DreamWorks Animation in Los Angeles to work as a traditional character animator on their first 2D animated feature The Prince of Egypt. He then spent 21 years as part of the character animation team working on both 2D and CG projects for the studio. Otto is particularly known for his work as the Head of Character Animation for the How to Train Your Dragon movie franchise and has been instrumental in developing the look of the characters, their personalities and the overall style of animation for the films, and was rewarded for his achievements with the VES Awards for 'Visual Effects Society Award for Outstanding Visual Effects in an Animated Featuree' in 2011 by the Visual Effect Society. Simon Otto designed a number of characters in the film including Toothless and Lightfury and did storyboarding work on the second and third films. He was a key contributor to the development of Premo, the animation software developed at DreamWorks Animation that won an Academy Award for Technical Achievement. Involved as a member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, Simon participates in numerous of events, talks and interviews highlighting the work of the animator in the feature film industry. In 2016, Otto founded LuMAA (Lucerne Master Academy of Animation) with the Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts in Lucerne, Switzerland where animation industry veterans teach a 6-week summer course for up and coming talents. In the fall of 2019, after 21 years working for DreamWorks Animation, Simon left the company. He now works as an independent director on various film and television projects. His first released project after leaving the studio is the episode ‘The Tall Grass’ he directed for the Netflix TV series, Love, Death & Robots Season 2. On 14 June 2021 it was announced that he will direct That Christmas, based on the book of the same name by Richard Curtis, produced by Locksmith Animation for Netflix. Filmography Director Animator References External links Living people 1973 births Swiss film directors Swiss animators DreamWorks Animation people", "title": "Simon Otto" }, { "docid": "7091219", "text": "The E-ACT Burnham Park Academy was a co-educational academy in Burnham, Buckinghamshire, England until it closed in 2019 due to falling pupil numbers. A small part of the campus is located in neighbouring Slough, Berkshire. The academy was sponsored by E-ACT, and had approximately 235 pupils. The school operated as a comprehensive school in a selective local authority. Approximately 40% of students came from Buckinghamshire, with the remainder coming from West Slough. In 2021, the Netflix series Heartstopper was filmed on the grounds of the school after its closure. History The Academy was opened in April 2012, following the closure of Burnham Upper School, which was deemed to require Special Measures in March 2011. The Academy is sponsored by National Educational Charity, E-ACT. In April 2014, the Academy was re-inspected as a new establishment, with Ofsted stating that the school 'Requires Improvement'. In December 2015 the school featured in local news for not testing pupils with dyslexia. Burnham Park was inspected by Ofsted again in July 2016, and overall graded 'Inadequate', leading to the school being placed in special measures. The report states that special needs pupils and disadvantaged pupils did not make good progress. The school was inspected again in March 2017, December 2017 and June 2018. The reports stated progress was being made towards coming out of special measures, but special needs pupils were not making strong progress and the recommendations of the external pupil premium report were still not being fully implemented. The school is however working towards resolving these issues as of the most recent inspection. the report in June 2018 states 5 teachers have left and the school is finding it difficult to recruit replacement teachers. In March 2019 the school was inspected again and found to be inadequate again. On the first day of the inspection 15 of the 20 teachers were sick or absent. The Secretary of State for education has now agreed for Burnham Park to close. Since the 2014 -2015 academic year, the school received extra pupil premium funding to support teaching of English, Maths and Science to narrow the attainment gap. This funding was less successful in Science. In 2017 Ofsted requested external review of the effectiveness of pupil premium usage. Pupil numbers were low. In 2015 80 pupils applied to join the school, with this figure dropping to 55 in 2016, 21 in 2017 and increasing to 30 in 2018. Pupil numbers fell to 224 as of February 2019 and the school consulted about possible closure. When the school closed in August 2019 pupils were offered places at The Bourne End Academy with coaches provided from Burnham. Academic results In 2013 53% of pupils at the Academy achieved 5 GCSEs or equivalent at grades A-C including English and Maths. However, achievement has since declined over subsequent years, with this figure falling to 35% in 2015. 33% of students achieved at least 2 A-Levels at grades A* to E in 2015. The Progress 8 figure, the new government measure for", "title": "The E-ACT Burnham Park Academy" }, { "docid": "72517922", "text": "Far From Home is a drama television series and the first Nigerian series on Netflix. The series, written by Dami Elebe and produced by Inkblot productions premiered on Netflix on December 16, 2022. The five-part series stars Mike Afolarin, Richard Mofe-Damijo, Bimbo Akintola, Carol King, Adesua Etomi, Funke Akindele, Bolanle Ninalowo, Genoveva Umeh, Natse Jemide and a host of others. Synopsis Ishaya Bello (Mike Afolarin) is a talented but poor teenager struggling to pursue his dream of becoming an artist. Luck shines on him when he stumbles on the rare opportunity to win a scholarship to the elite Wilmer Academy, although he is only interested in using the scholarship grant to fund his trip to London where he has been offered an apprenticeship with established artist Essien (Deyemi Okanlawon). After his mother Patricia (Funke Akindele) spends his hard-earned savings on her ailing husband, Ishaya Senior (Paul Adams) without their son's consent, thus putting paid to his ambition, Ishaya steals from the nightclub where he works as a waiter. To avoid being murdered by cartel boss Oga Rambo (Bolanle Ninalowo), he offers to peddle MDMA to the Wilmer students, although once again he is nearly killed for using Rambo's second-in-command Government's (Bucci Franklin) supply. While masquerading as a student, Ishaya's illicit manoeuvring leads to further chaos in Wilmer, at home, and within the cartel hierarchy. After his sister is kidnapped by Rambo's gang, they carry out a similar move with Ishaya's school friend, Frank (Emeka Nwagbaraocha), which leaves him traumatised. Rambo then attacks Wilmer Academy, which leads to more trouble for Ishaya and his family. Selected cast Mike Afolarin as Ishaya Bello Elma Mbadiwe as Carmen Wilmer-Willoughby Genoveva Umeh as Zina Bolanle Ninalowo as Oga Rambo Bucci Franklin as Government Natse Jemide as Reggie Richard Mofe-Damijo as Feyi Wilmer-Willoughby Bimbo Akintola as Mabel Wilmer-Willoughby Funke Akindele as Patricia Bello Paul Adams as Ishaya Bello Snr Olumide Oworu as Atlas Adesua Etomi as Mrs Irurhe Tomi Ojo as Rahila Linda Ejiofor as Mrs Abubakar Carol King as Principal Gemade Gbubemi Ejeye as Adufe Richard Tanksley as Mr. Boyle Deyemi Okanlawon as Essien Ruby Okezie as Nnenna Episodes Production and release Far From Home produced by Inkblot Productions is the First Nigerian Young Adult (YA) Netflix Original series also doubles as the first young adult genre coming out of West Africa. The premiere of the movie held in Lagos on 14 December 2022 and it featured host of celebrities in attendance. References Nigerian English-language television shows Netflix original programming Nigerian drama television series Television shows set in Lagos", "title": "Far From Home (TV series)" }, { "docid": "23661148", "text": "Mozhan Navabi (born May 3, 1980) is an American film and television actress. She is known for her roles in The Blacklist and House of Cards and played Soraya Manutchehri in The Stoning of Soraya M.. She was previously known as Mozhan Marnò, but returned to her given last name, Navabi, in 2023. Early life and education Navabi was born in Los Angeles. Her parents are from Iran and met in California. She was educated at Phillips Academy, Andover, Massachusetts. She received her BA in French and German comparative literature from Barnard College and her MFA in Acting from the Yale School of Drama. Personal life She currently resides in Brooklyn, New York. In addition to English she speaks French, German, Persian, and some Italian. Career Navabi played the title role in the 2008 film The Stoning of Soraya M., about a woman whose husband falsely accuses her of adultery, resulting in her death by stoning. In addition she has had roles in a number of television series including The Paul Reiser Show, The Glades, Hung, The Mentalist, Bones, The Unit, Medium, K-ville, and Standoff. Navabi also appeared in the Untitled John Wells Medical Drama Pilot, which was not aired. She also stars in Ana Lily Amirpour's directorial debut, A Girl Walks Home Alone at Night, produced by Elijah Wood, under his company, The Woodshed. In 2011, Navabi voiced Mirabelle Ervine, a Breton mage and Master Wizard of the College of Winterhold, in the critically acclaimed video game The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim. She played reporter Ayla Sayyad on seasons 2 and 3 of the acclaimed Netflix series House of Cards, for which she was nominated for a SAG award. She played Mossad agent and assassin Samar in seasons 2-6 of The Blacklist. Navabi also directs and writes screenplays. Her first feature-length screenplay, When the Lights Went Out, was a quarter finalist for the Nicholl Fellowship. She adapted When the Lights Went Out as a play and it was mounted at New York Stage and Film in July 2013 starring Laura Innes, and directed by Kate Whoriskey (Ruined). Navabi’s short film, Incoming, which she wrote and directed, was accepted to the Noor Iranian Film Festival, LA SHORTS FEST, the Asians on Film Festival, and the DC Asian Pacific American Film Festival. In February 2024, Navabi was cast in the Netflix limited series Zero Day to portray a recurring role of Melissa Kornblau. Filmography Film Television Audio recordings Video games Awards and nominations References External links 1980 births Living people David Geffen School of Drama at Yale University alumni American film actresses American people of Iranian descent 21st-century American actresses American television actresses Actresses from Los Angeles Barnard College alumni American women screenwriters Film directors from Los Angeles Phillips Academy alumni", "title": "Mozhan Marnò" }, { "docid": "51230992", "text": "Ask the StoryBots is an American live-action/animated children's television series based on the characters from the StoryBots educational website and videos. It premiered exclusively on Netflix on August 12, 2016. Originally created and produced by JibJab Bros. Studios, the StoryBots media franchise was fully acquired by Netflix in May 2019. In its first season, the series was nominated for an Annie Awards, was a finalist for a Peabody Award, was nominated in the International category at the British Academy Children's Awards and received six nominations for the Daytime Emmy Awards, including Outstanding Preschool Children's Animated Program. It won the 2017 Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Interactive Media - Enhancement to a Daytime Program or Series. Its second season, which premiered on Netflix on August 24, 2018, received the Annie Award for Best Animated Television Production for Preschool Children and won two Daytime Emmy Awards for writing and directing. Ask the StoryBots also inspired a holiday special, A StoryBots Christmas, also on Netflix, which won two Daytime Emmy Awards. Starting in its second season, Ask the StoryBots has been translated into 22 languages and is available for streaming on Netflix in 190 countries. A third season premiered on August 2, 2019. A trailer for the new episodes was launched on YouTube ahead of the season's premiere. More Ask The Storybots episodes are in development, which are believed to be season 4. Plot The StoryBots are curious little beings who live beneath our screens. In every episode, the intrepid quintet of Beep, Bing, Bang, Boop and Bo of Team 341B go on an adventure to the human world to help answer kids' biggest questions like \"Why is the sky blue?\" or \"Why do I need to brush my teeth?\" They deliver their answer in the end of each episode in the form of a musical video. Cast Main cast Judy Greer as Beep Boppalot, a green knowledgeable StoryBot. Jeff Gill as Bing Badaboom, a yellow crazy and hyperactive StoryBot. Fred Tatasciore as Bangford \"Bang\" Bibblebop III, a blue zen and calm StoryBot. Gregg Spiridellis as Boop Bunklebee, a red grumpy StoryBot. Erin Fitzgerald as Bolina \"Bo\" Bumblefoot, a purple cheerful StoryBot. Evan Spiridellis as Harry \"Hap\" Hacklebee, an olive-green bossy StoryBot who is the manager of the Answers Department. Nate Theis as Hub and Bub, orange and gold StoryBots. Additional voices Lisa Donovan Lukas Randy Crenshaw Episodes Ask the StoryBots made its first season debut with six half-hour episodes. Its second season premiered August 24, 2018 and includes eight half-hour episodes. Its third season premiered August 2, 2019 and includes eight half-hour episodes. Series overview Season 1 (2016) Season 2 (2018) Season 3 (2019) Reception Ask the StoryBots has been called the \"best kids' show on Netflix\" by both Wired and Decider and has received positive reviews, with critics specifically citing its educational quality and its entertainment value for both children and adults. Common Sense Media wrote that \"[It’s] both educational and entertaining in every scene yet is visually appealing as well", "title": "Ask the StoryBots" }, { "docid": "41862975", "text": "The fourth and final season of the American crime drama television series The Killing consists of six episodes and was released on Netflix on August 1, 2014. Netflix picked up the series after it was canceled by AMC in 2013. Plot The season features detectives Sarah Linden and Stephen Holder handling the fallout of their actions from the previous season while investigating the murder of a family whose only survivor is a member of an all-boys military academy. Cast Main cast Mireille Enos as Sarah Linden Joel Kinnaman as Stephen Holder Gregg Henry as Carl Reddick Tyler Ross as Kyle Stansbury, a member of the all-boys military academy and survivor of a family massacre Sterling Beaumon as Lincoln Knopf Levi Meaden as AJ Fielding Liam James as Jack Linden, Sarah's son Amy Seimetz as Danette Leeds Billy Campbell as Darren Richmond Special guest star Joan Allen as Colonel Margaret Rayne, headmaster of the all-boys military academy Guest stars Jewel Staite as Caroline Swift, Holder's girlfriend and a District Attorney Katherine Evans as Bethany Skinner, James Skinner's daughter Frances Fisher as Gena Geddes, Sarah's mother Annie Corley as Regi Darnell, Sarah's social worker and mother figure Marin Ireland as Liz Holder, Stephen's sister Patti Smith as Dr. Ann Morrison, neurosurgeon / doctor at North Central Hospital Episodes Development and production AMC, the network which broadcast the first three seasons, canceled the series after its second season, and revived it for a third, ultimately cancelling it again after the third season in September 2013. However, in November 2013, Netflix, partnering with Fox Television Studios (the production company for The Killing), announced it had picked up the series for a fourth and final season consisting of six episodes. Series developer and executive producer Veena Sud returned as showrunner, with Dawn Prestwich and Nicole Yorkin returning as writers and executive producers. Because they are airing on Netflix, episodes in the fourth season have a longer running time of approximately 55–59 minutes compared to 43 minutes when the series aired on AMC with commercials, and characters are able to use stronger profanity. Casting Cast members Mireille Enos and Joel Kinnaman return as detectives Sarah Linden and Stephen Holder, respectively. New series regulars for the fourth season include Joan Allen as Margaret Rayne, the head of an all-boys military academy. In February 2014, Sterling Beaumon, Levi Meaden, and Tyler Ross were cast as Lincoln Knopf, AJ Fielding, and Cameron Stanton (later changed to Kyle Stansbury), respectively; playing teens connected to the military academy. Gregg Henry, who had a recurring role in the third season as Detective Carl Reddick, was promoted to series regular for the fourth season. The season also introduces Sarah Linden's mother, played by Frances Fisher, who abandoned her daughter when Sarah was young. Having written to Veena Sud at the end of season three praising her for a well-written and superbly acted show, artist Patti Smith was invited to come and watch the filming for the beginning of season four, and when she", "title": "The Killing season 4" }, { "docid": "23852323", "text": "Liz Feldman (born May 21, 1977) is an American comedian, actress, producer and writer. She is best known as the creator and executive producer of the Netflix dark comedy series Dead to Me. She also created One Big Happy and has written for 2 Broke Girls, The Ellen DeGeneres Show, and Blue Collar TV. Early life Feldman was born and raised in Brooklyn, New York. Career Feldman began her career as a stand-up comic at the age of 16 and made her TV debut as a performer and writer for All That on Nickelodeon in 1995. She is a graduate of Boston University and an alumna of The Second City and The Groundlings. She went on to write for Blue Collar TV, Hot in Cleveland, The Great Indoors, the 79th, 86th and 87th Academy Awards, 2 Broke Girls and The Ellen DeGeneres Show, for which she won four Emmy awards. She created the NBC sitcom One Big Happy starring Elisha Cuthbert, executive produced by Ellen DeGeneres. Since 2008, Feldman has been the host of This Just Out, a YouTube talk show that celebrates lesbian culture. The “gay positive” show is filmed at Liz's kitchen table and features LGBTQ and LGBTQ-friendly actors, comedians, writers and musicians. Liz has been an outspoken advocate for LGBTQ rights. In 2008, her joke about same-sex marriage (\"It's very dear to me, the issue of gay marriage, or as I like to call it 'marriage', you know, because I had lunch this afternoon, not gay lunch. I park my car, I didn't gay park it.\") went viral, recreated thousands of times across various platforms in the campaign against Prop 8, which sought to outlaw same sex marriage. In 2012, she was named one of The Advocate's \"40 Under 40.\" In 2016, she signed a multi-year overall deal with CBS Studios to develop new projects. In 2019, Feldman created and produced the Netflix dark comedy series Dead to Me, executive produced by Will Ferrell and Adam McKay. Dead to Me premiered on Netflix on May 3, 2019. The series was renewed for a second season which was released on Netflix on May 8, 2020. In July 2020, Netflix renewed the series for a third and final season. On July 6, 2020, Netflix announced that it had entered into an exclusive multi-year development deal with Feldman, under which all of her future productions will be Netflix Original series. In 2020, she won the WGA Award for Best Episodic Comedy for the pilot episode of Dead to Me. She was also named to The Hollywood Reporters \"50 Most Powerful LGBTQ Players in Hollywood\" list. Personal life Liz Feldman is married to musician Rachael Cantu. They were married in 2013 and live in Los Angeles, California. They welcomed their first child in October 2022. Awards and nominations References External links 1977 births American Internet celebrities American television actresses Television personalities from New York City American women television personalities Television producers from New York City American women television producers American television", "title": "Liz Feldman" }, { "docid": "57587981", "text": "Paquita Salas is a Spanish comedy television series created by Javier Calvo and Javier Ambrossi. It first premiered on the web platform Flooxer in July 2016. After unexpected success, the series eventually aired on television channel Neox. Netflix acquired the series in October 2017 and renewed the show for second and third seasons. The second season premiered on June 29, 2018. In May 2018, a third season was scheduled for 2020, but surprisingly Netflix announced that the third season would arrive in 2019. The third season premiered on June 28, 2019. A fourth season was confirmed for the future. Synopsis Paquita Salas is a talent agent who used to be at the top of her industry in the 90s. But times have changed and she hasn't. Now her agency, PS Management, is struggling to find new clients and keep the ones it already has. When her most famous client dumps her, Paquita's world comes crashing down. Alongside her faithful secretary Magüi, Paquita is forced to reinvent herself while searching for new talent. Cast Brays Efe as Paquita Salas Belén Cuesta as Magüi Moreno Lidia San José as herself Mariona Terés as herself (main season 1–2) Álex de Lucas as himself (main season 1–2, recurring season 3) Anna Castillo as Belén de Lucas (main season 2–present, guest season 1) Yolanda Ramos as Noemí Argüelles (main season 2–presente, guest season 1) Belinda Washington as herself (main season 3–present, guest season 1–2) Terelu Campos as Bárbara Valiente (main season 3–present, guest season 2) Series overview Episodes Season 1 (2016) Season 2 (2018) Season 3 (2019) External links Netflix Twitter References 2016 Spanish television series debuts Mockumentary television series Netflix original programming Spanish-language television shows Television series about actors Television shows set in Madrid 2010s Spanish comedy television series", "title": "Paquita Salas" } ]	[ "February 14 , 2018" ]
train_45925	who must determine whether a defendant was insane at the time of a crime	[ { "docid": "13911234", "text": "An ultimate issue in criminal law is a legal issue at stake in the prosecution of a crime for which an expert witness is providing testimony. Example If the issue is the defendant's mental state at the time of the offense, the ultimate issue would be the defendant's sanity or insanity during the commission of the crime. In the past, expert witnesses were allowed to give testimony on ultimate issues, such as the applicability of the insanity defense to a particular defendant. However, after the 1982 trial of John Hinckley, Jr., the federal rules of evidence were changed. Now in the United States, federal courts and some states have rules of evidence that specifically rule out legal conclusions drawn by expert witnesses in their testimony. However, a large amount of judicial discretion is allowed in how this rule is applied, resulting in an uneven application of rules across jurisdictions. Definition The Federal Rules do not say what falls within the definition of an \"ultimate issue.\" However, a long history of case law on the subject suggests that an expert witness runs afoul if he uses the same words (words with legal meaning) that will ultimately be presented to the jury. One court excluded a psychologist's evidence on the credibility of prosecution's witness on the grounds that it amounted to an \"ultimate opinion\", meaning this was an opinion that could only be properly reached by a jury. The expert witness testimony is confined to giving an opinion on whether the defendant had a serious mental disorder at the time of the offense, and explaining the symptoms and characteristics of any diagnosis given, including other testimony regarding the defendant's mental status (mens rea) and motivation. The expert witness cannot make a statement addressing the issue of whether the legal test for insanity has been met. That is left to the judge and jury. The restriction of expert opinion on ultimate issues includes any testimony on the criminal elements, including testimony that would bear on the mental state of the defendant relevant to ultimate legal decisions to be decided by the triers of fact. History The Federal Rules of Evidence adopted in 1975 (and their state counterparts) expressly allowed expert testimony to include statements on ultimate issues if such statements will be helpful to the judge or jury. In 1984, Federal Rule of Evidence 704(b) was added following the trial of John Hinckley, Jr. for the attempted assassination of U.S. President Ronald Reagan. The changes were in part a result of the public backlash due to Hinckley's successful use of the insanity defense. These changes, in particular Rule 704(b), put limits on expert witness testimony. The new rules of evidence restrict the testimony allowed on the ultimate issue. Rule 704(b) states that the mental health expert may testify to the defendant's mental disorder or defect and its symptoms, but may not offer a conclusion on an ultimate issue such as the sanity or insanity of the defendant. The expert witness must refrain from", "title": "Ultimate issue" }, { "docid": "39434407", "text": "In Rex v Bourke, an important case in South African criminal law, the Transvaal Provincial Division (TPD) held that, under Roman-Dutch law, drunkenness is, as a general rule, no defence to a crime, although it may be a reason for mitigation of punishment. If the drunkenness is not voluntary—that is, if not caused by an act of the accused—and results in rendering the accused unconscious of what he was doing, he would not be responsible in law for an act done while in such a state. If constant drunkenness has induced a state of mental disease rendering the accused unconscious of his act at the time, he is not responsible and can be declared insane. Where a special intention is necessary to constitute a particular offence, drunkenness might reduce the crime from a more serious to a less serious one. Facts The accused was charged before Mason J, and a jury at the Pretoria Criminal Sessions, with the crime of rape upon a European girl, of the age of ten years. It appeared from the evidence that the accused, at the time when he committed the crime, was under the influence of liquor. The presiding judge, in directing the jury, asked them to answer the following questions: Did the accused commit the crime of rape; an attempt to commit rape; or indecent assault? The judge directed the jury that, if they answered one of the questions in the affirmative, they were also to answer the following question: Was the accused unconscious of what he was doing at the time he did it? The jury brought in the following verdict: \"We find the accused guilty of indecent assault but are strongly of opinion that at the time he was not responsible for his actions.\" The presiding judge thereupon asked the jury whether they meant that the accused was unconscious of what he was doing on account of being drunk at the time; the answer was \"yes.\" The matter then went to the Transvaal Provincial Division. The question reserved for that court was whether, upon this verdict, the accused should be acquitted or convicted or declared a criminal lunatic, under Proclamation 36 of 1902. Argument C. Barry, for the accused (at the request of the court), contended that the accused could not be declared a criminal lunatic, as in that case there must be a special finding of the jury as to his sanity or insanity. Drunkenness could mitigate the punishment. Barry then cited some authority on the question of whether drunkenness was a defence. A verdict of guilty but insane had been held to be equivalent to a verdict of not guilty. The same test which applied to lunacy, Barry argued, should logically, according to the English decisions, also apply to drunkenness. CW de Villiers Attorney-General for the Crown, argued that the jury was not entitled to go into the question of the responsibility of the accused; they must determine only the facts. According to Roman Dutch Law, drunkenness is no", "title": "R v Bourke" }, { "docid": "8154222", "text": "In the law of England and Wales, fitness to plead is the capacity of a defendant in criminal proceedings to comprehend the course of those proceedings. The concept of fitness to plead also applies in Scots and Irish law. Its United States equivalent is competence to stand trial. Test If the issue of fitness to plead is raised, a judge is able to find a person unfit to plead. This is usually done based on information following a psychiatric evaluation. In England and Wales the legal test of fitness to plead is based on the ruling of Alderson B. in R v Pritchard. The accused will be unfit to plead if they are unable: to comprehend the course of proceedings on the trial, so as to make a proper defence; or to know that they might challenge any jurors to whom they may object; or to comprehend the evidence; or to give proper instructions to their legal representatives. If the issue is raised by the prosecution, the prosecution must prove beyond reasonable doubt that the defendant is unfit to plead. If the issue is raised by the defence, it need only be proved on the balance of probabilities. In Scotland the test is based on HMA v Wilson, and has two elements: to be able to instruct counsel and to understand and follow proceedings. Procedure The question of unfitness to plead is determined by a judge. The decision should normally be made as soon as it arises, which would ordinarily be before arraignment, but the court may postpone consideration of unfitness until any time before the opening of the defence case. This power might be used to allow the defence to challenge the prosecution case on the basis that there is no case to answer. Under the earlier Criminal Procedure (Insanity) Act 1964, determination of unfitness to plead led to an assumption that the accused had committed the act, without need for the prosecution to submit evidence, followed by automatic admission to hospital. In consequence fitness to plead was very rarely raised by defendants. Since the 1991 Criminal Procedure (Insanity and Unfitness to Plead) Act, if the judge determines that the defendant is unfit to plead, a \"trial of the facts\" is held in which evidence is heard and the jury asked to determine whether the defendant did the act or made the omission charged against them as the offence. This process avoids the detention of innocent persons in hospital merely because they are mentally unfit. It has been held that the reference to the \"act or omission\" means that the jury should not normally consider whether the defendant had the requisite mens rea. If the jury find that the defendant is unfit to plead, the judge may: make a guardianship order within the meaning of the Mental Health Act 1983; make a supervision and treatment order within the meaning of Schedule 2 to the Criminal Procedure (Insanity and Unfitness to Plead) Act 1991; or make an order for his", "title": "Fitness to plead" }, { "docid": "51933502", "text": "The Royal Commission on Capital Punishment 1949–1953 reviewed the application of death penalty in the United Kingdom, including the questions of what crimes should receive the death penalty and what method of execution should be employed. The commission was set up by the Attlee government in an attempt to defuse the long-term political debate over capital punishment. The Royal Warrant establishing the commission (dated 4 May 1949) instructed their inquiry to assume the retention of the death penalty. In their report, the Commission described their own task as \"trying to find some practical half-way house between the present scope of the death penalty and its abolition\" The thirteen commissioners met 63 times in total, holding their first meeting on 27 May 1949. Its Chairman was Sir Ernest Gowers GCB, GBE. Gowers was profoundly affected by the evidence presented to the commission and said later that what he learned as chairman of the commission converted him from vague support of capital punishment to strong opposition. In order to determine which cases of homicide ought to receive the death penalty, the commissioners sought to devise a classification of murder in terms of degrees of severity. However, their conclusion from that attempt was that \"the object of our quest is chimerical... and must be abandoned\". It also made recommendations responding to criticism of rules for the insanity defense in a criminal case. It responded to the M'Naghten rule that a person is legally insane if a mental disease prevents their knowledge of the nature or quality of their criminal act or that the act is wrong, and irresistible impulse rules that mental disease caused a lack of volitional control even if defendant knew the nature and quality of her act and that it was wrong. Its report said M'Naughten should be \"abrogated\" and the jury should be left \"to determine whether at the time of the act the accused was suffering from disease of the mind (or mental deficiency) to such a degree that he ought not be held responsible.\" References Capital punishment in the United Kingdom", "title": "Royal Commission on Capital Punishment 1949–1953" }, { "docid": "64465987", "text": "By Reason of Insanity is a 1982 Canadian short courtroom drama television film written by David McLaren and directed by Donald Shebib which examines the use of insanity pleas in murder cases. The film was produced by Alan Burke and made for the anthology series For the Record. Synopsis Teenager Mark Devlin (John Wildman) shoplifts a curved linoleum knife from a hardware store and then, seeing a customer pay for a television set in cash, follows the stranger to the parking lot. He attacks and brutally kills the man impulsively during the robbery by slitting his throat in full view of multiple witnesses and the victim's five-year-old son, who watches in stunned silence. Devlin is arrested almost immediately and charged with first-degree murder, a seemingly open and shut case. Devlin's lawyer is young, bright and ambitious Jane Dexter (Patricia Collins). The only way Devlin can beat the rap is through an insanity plea, as specified in Section 16 (2) of the Criminal Code, which defines an insane person having a mental illness such that he cannot appreciate the \"nature or quality of an act\". Dexter must therefore argue that Devlin was insane when he killed his victim. There are long preparations to defend Devlin. Psychiatrists try to evaluate him. But it is at the trial where it will be determined whether he is legally insane and therefore innocent or guilty. Devlin's mother (Barbara Williams) testifies that her son was beaten by his father \"but it never did any good.\" She never \"really\" knew him. He hurt people and \"never cared that he did.\" Devlin testifies that he was unmoved by the killing of a man he did not know: \"I didn't feel nothing... It was like a movie. The killing was a movie.\" The defence psychiatrist (Hrant Alianak) defines Devlin as a psychopath: impulsive, egocentric, and completely indifferent to the reactions of others. Furthermore, he is suffering from a \"disorder of consciousness\" and entered a \"psychotic state\" just before he killed. The Crown introduces its own psychiatric evidence. The prosecutor (Michael Kirby) maintains that, since Devlin stole a knife with intent to commit murder, the act was premeditated. The jury must decide whether the accused \"appreciated\" the nature of his act. Cast John Wildman as Mark Devlin, a \"smouldering, sullen\" young man on trial for first-degree murder. Patricia Collins as Jane Dexter, a \"cool, professional,\" defence attorney. Michael Kirby as Richard Smith, a \"smarmy\" crown attorney, a bit of a \"ham\". Barbara Williams as Mrs. Devlin, Mark Devlin's mother Hrant Alianak as Dr. Gregarin Genre and themes A courtroom drama, By Reason of Insanity is an exploration of the ethics and social consequences of the \"humane and enlightened\" insanity plea, which fell under Section 16 (2) of the Criminal Code. At the time the film was made, s. 16(2) stated: \"a person is insane when he ... has a disease of the mind to an extent that renders him incapable of appreciating the nature or quality of the act.\" Questioning", "title": "By Reason of Insanity (film)" }, { "docid": "51933676", "text": "United States v. Brawner, 471 F.2d 969 (D.C. Cir. 1972), is decision by the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit in which the Court held that a person is not responsible for criminal conduct if at the time of such conduct as a result of mental disease or defect, he lacked substantial capacity either to appreciate the criminality of his conduct or conform his conduct to the requirements of the law. The case overturned the Durham rule for determining whether a defendant was not guilty by reason of insanity. The Court ruled that the primary reason they were departing from the old test of insanity is that it put substantial dominance on the testimony of experts. The Court exhaustively examined the justification for the defense of insanity and the need to guide the jury with a specific framework for the insanity defense. The American Law Institute provided a better framework in the majority's opinion because it took part of the reliance on experts away and focused on the acts and mental state of a defendant at the time he committed the acts constituting the crime. It proposed a rule that was adopted as the American Law Institute Model Penal Code rule (ALI rule). References External links 1972 in United States case law United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit cases United States criminal case law", "title": "United States v. Brawner" }, { "docid": "63216694", "text": "Shular v. United States, 589 U.S. ___ (2020), is an opinion of the United States Supreme Court in which the Court held that, under the Armed Career Criminal Act of 1984, the definition of “serious drug offense” only requires that the state offense involve the conduct specified in the statute. Unlike other provisions of the ACCA, it does not require that state courts develop “generic” version of a crime, which describe the elements of the offense as they are commonly understood, and then compare the crime being charged to that generic version to determine whether the crime qualifies under the ACCA for purposes of penalty enhancement. The decision states that offenses defined under the ACCA are \"unlikely names for generic offenses,\" and are therefore unambiguous. This renders the rule of lenity inapplicable. Background Legal history The Armed Career Criminal Act (ACCA) is a federal sentencing law passed in 1984 and later amended in 1986. One section of the ACCA, §924(e)(2)(A)(ii), imposes a mandatory 15-year sentence on defendants convicted of firearms-related felonies if they have three or more prior convictions for \"serious drug offenses\" or \"violent felonies\". The definition of what constituted a \"serious drug offense\" under the ACCA is quite broad. After it was amended in 1986 (Career Criminals Amendment Act of 1986), the definition of \"serious drug offense\" was expanded to include acts that are illegal under the federal Controlled Substances Act of 1970, as well as state-level offenses which involve the manufacturing, distribution, or possession with intent to distribute or manufacture controlled substances. As a result of the latter provision, the definition of \"serious drug offenses\" is significantly impacted by the diversity of state law. Other definitions of crimes used in the Armed Career Criminal Act are analyzed using what is known as a \"categorical approach\". In this approach, a court that is sentencing a defendant under the ACCA must first develop a generic definition of a crime, then compare that generic definition of the crime to the specific provisions of the state law to determine whether or not that crime counts towards the three or more previous offenses for that defendant. The Supreme Court requires that the \"categorical approach\" be used for determining whether a defendant's previous state convictions count as \"violent felonies\" under the ACCA. However, there was a dispute as to whether the \"categorical approach\" must also be used for determining whether a previous conviction counted as a \"serious drug offense\". Case background In 2017, Jefferson County Sheriffs raided the home of Eddie Shular, a Florida man who was the target of a cocaine trafficking investigation by the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). During the raid, officers located a .32 caliber revolver in Shular's master bedroom closet. Shular was indicted by a federal grand jury and, in September 2017, he pled guilty in federal court to felonious possession of a firearm. Under federal law, this offense would normally carry a sentence of up to 10 years in prison. However, because he had more than three convictions", "title": "Shular v. United States" }, { "docid": "34334024", "text": "The United States Constitution contains several provisions related to criminal sentencing. The Excessive Fines Clause and the Cruel and Unusual Punishments Clause of the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibit certain disproportionate sentences. Further, the Cruel and Unusual Punishments Clause prohibits the imposition of the death penalty for certain crimes, for certain classes of defendants, and in the absence of certain procedures. The Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits increasing the maximum authorized sentence for an offense based on a fact not found by a jury. Mandatory minimums based on judicial fact-finding are not prohibited. The Double Jeopardy Clause of the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits multiple punishments for the same offense. The test of Blockburger v. United States (1932) is whether each crime contains an element that the other does not. Eighth Amendment The Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution provides: [N]or [shall] excessive fines [be] imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. Excessive fines United States v. Bajakajian (1998) is the first and only case in which the Supreme Court has declared a criminal fine constitutionally excessive. There, the government sought the forfeiture of $357,144 from Hosep Krikor Bajakajian solely as a penalty for not declaring that amount to Customs when leaving the country. The Excessive Fines Clause applies to forfeitures of property, but does not apply to punitive damages in civil suits. Cruel and unusual punishments Non-capital sentences The Cruel and Unusual Punishments Clause regulates non-capital sentences far less closely than capital sentences. As a threshold inquiry, the Court will not inquire into a non-capital sentence unless the gravity of the sentence is disproportionate, even after deferring to the legislature. Next, the Court engages in a three-factor test, considering: (1) the gravity of offense, (2) an inter-jurisdictional comparison of the sentences for crime, and (3) an intra-jurisdictional comparison of the sentence given. For example, the Eighth Amendment prohibits the imposition of the sentence of life without the possibility of parole on juvenile offenders if they did not commit homicide, or if automatically imposed by statute for homicide. Justices Antonin Scalia and Clarence Thomas have argued that the Court should not engage in Eighth Amendment proportionality review at all. Capital sentences The Cruel and Unusual Punishments Clause has more to say about capital sentences. First, the Clause entirely precludes the use of capital punishment for crimes other than murder. Even with murder, the defendant must personally kill, attempt to kill, or intend to kill. Second, the Clause entirely precludes the use of capital punishment against certain classes of defendants, such as the insane, the mentally retarded, juveniles at the time of the crime, and those who are not competent at the time of the execution. Third, the Clause prevents the arbitrary and discriminatory use of the death penalty. Nor can the death penalty be mandatory for those convicted of a certain offense. Aggravating factors must be found by a jury. Aggravating factors cannot be vague. The sentencing decision-maker must have", "title": "United States constitutional sentencing law" }, { "docid": "888694", "text": "Forensic psychiatry is a subspeciality of psychiatry and is related to criminology. It encompasses the interface between law and psychiatry. According to the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, it is defined as \"a subspecialty of psychiatry in which scientific and clinical expertise is applied in legal contexts involving civil, criminal, correctional, regulatory, or legislative matters, and in specialized clinical consultations in areas such as risk assessment or employment.\" A forensic psychiatrist provides services – such as determination of competency to stand trial – to a court of law to facilitate the adjudicative process and provide treatment, such as medications and psychotherapy, to criminals. Court work Forensic psychiatrists work with courts in evaluating an individual's competency to stand trial, defenses based on mental disorders (e.g., the insanity defense), and sentencing recommendations. The two major areas of criminal evaluations in forensic psychiatry are competency to stand trial (CST) and mental state at the time of the offense (MSO). Competency to stand trial Competency to stand trial (CST) is the competency evaluation to determine that defendants have the mental capacity to understand the charges and assist their attorneys. In the United States, this is seated in the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which ensures the right to be present at one's trial, to face one's accusers, and to have help from an attorney. CST, sometimes referred to as adjudicative competency, serves three purposes: \"preserving the dignity of the criminal process, reducing the risk of erroneous convictions, and protecting defendants' decision-making autonomy\". In 1960, the Supreme Court of the United States in Dusky v. United States established the standard for federal courts, ruling that \"the test must be whether the defendant has sufficient present ability to consult with his attorney with a reasonable degree of rational understanding and a rational as well as factual understanding of proceedings against him.\" The evaluations must assess a defendant's ability to assist their legal counsel, meaning that they understand the legal charges against them, the implications of being a defendant, and the adversarial nature of the proceedings, including the roles played by defense counsel, prosecutors, judges, and the jury. They must be able to communicate relevant information to their attorney, and understand information provided by their attorney. Finally, they must be competent to make important decisions, such as whether or not to accept a plea agreement. In England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland, a similar legal concept is that of \"fitness to plead\". As an expert witness Forensic psychiatrists are often called to be expert witnesses in both criminal and civil proceedings. Expert witnesses give their opinions about a specific issue. Often, the psychiatrist will have prepared a detailed report before testifying. The primary duty of the expert witness is to provide an independent opinion to the court. An expert is allowed to testify in court with respect to matters of opinion only when the matters in question are not ordinarily understandable to the finders of fact, be they judge or jury. As such, prominent", "title": "Forensic psychiatry" }, { "docid": "31658", "text": "The Sixth Amendment (Amendment VI) to the United States Constitution sets forth rights related to criminal prosecutions. It was ratified in 1791 as part of the United States Bill of Rights. The Supreme Court has applied all but one of this amendment's protections to the states through the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. The Sixth Amendment guarantees criminal defendants nine different rights, including the right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury consisting of jurors from the state and district in which the crime was alleged to have been committed. Under the impartial jury requirement, jurors must be unbiased, and the jury must consist of a representative cross-section of the community. The right to a jury applies only to offenses in which the penalty is imprisonment for longer than six months. In Barker v. Wingo, the Supreme Court articulated a balancing test to determine whether a defendant's right to a speedy trial had been violated. It has additionally held that the requirement of a public trial is not absolute and that both the government and the defendant can in some cases request a closed trial. The Sixth Amendment requires that criminal defendants be given notice of the nature and cause of accusations against them. The amendment's Confrontation Clause gives criminal defendants the right to confront and cross-examine witnesses, while the Compulsory Process Clause gives criminal defendants the right to call their own witnesses and, in some cases, compel witnesses to testify. The Assistance of Counsel Clause grants criminal defendants the right to be assisted by counsel. In Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) and subsequent cases, the Supreme Court held that a public defender must be provided to criminal defendants unable to afford an attorney in all trials where the defendant faces the possibility of imprisonment. The Supreme Court has incorporated (protected at the state level) all Sixth Amendment protections except one: having a jury trial in the same state and district that the crime was committed. Text Rights secured Speedy trial Criminal defendants have the right to a speedy trial. In Barker v. Wingo, , the Supreme Court laid down a four-part case-by-case balancing test for determining whether the defendant's speedy trial right has been violated. The four factors are: Length of delay. The Court did not explicitly rule that any absolute time limit applies. However, it gave the example that the delay for \"ordinary street crime is considerably less than for a serious, complex conspiracy charge.\" Reason for the delay. The prosecution may not excessively delay the trial for its own advantage, but a trial may be delayed to secure the presence of an absent witness or other practical considerations (e.g., change of venue). Time and manner in which the defendant has asserted his right. If a defendant agrees to the delay when it works to his own benefit, he cannot later claim he has been unduly delayed. Degree of prejudice to the defendant which the delay has caused. In Strunk v. United States, ,", "title": "Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution" }, { "docid": "14856112", "text": "Capital punishment in Alabama is a legal penalty. Alabama has the highest per capita capital sentencing rate in the United States. In some years, its courts impose more death sentences than Texas, a state that has a population five times as large. However, Texas has a higher rate of executions both in absolute terms and per capita. Legal process When the prosecution seeks the death penalty, the sentence is decided by the jury and at least 10 jurors must concur. In case of a hung jury during the penalty phase of the trial, a retrial happens before another jury. In 2023, the Alabama Supreme Court ruled that, when a condemned person appeals, the appellate court does not have to actively look for errors in the original judgment and only has to consider constitutional violations if the objection was already raised at trial. Previously, through 2022, appellate courts had been required to search for errors in the original judgment and to consider any constitutional violations that may have occurred at trial, regardless of whether the trial lawyer had objected. For cases prior to 2017, the sole determinant of the sentence was the sentencing judge who had the authority to override the jury's recommendation provided it was given appropriate weight. Prospectively, from 2017, the judge must abide by the verdict of the jury. The law is not retroactive. The power of clemency belongs to the Governor of Alabama. The method of execution is lethal injection, unless the condemned requests electrocution or nitrogen hypoxia. If the selected method (whether chosen by the offender or by default) is found unconstitutional, state statutes provide the use of \"any constitutional method of execution\", which would likely include hanging, the gas chamber or firing squad. In February 2023, following a review of failed lethal injections, Governor Kay Ivey said executions would resume. The first occurred on July 21, 2023. Capital crimes The following kinds of murder are punishable by death in Alabama: Murder by the defendant during a kidnapping in the first degree or an attempt thereof committed by the defendant. Murder by the defendant during a robbery in the first degree. There is no attempted robbery in Alabama because it's a crime against the person and not the property. In most cases an attempted statue is Ala. Code § 13A-4-2 and decreases the crime one degree. Murder by the defendant during a rape in the first or second degree or an attempt thereof committed by the defendant; or murder by the defendant during sodomy in the first or second degree or an attempt thereof committed by the defendant. Murder by the defendant during a burglary in the first or second degree or an attempt thereof committed by the defendant. Murder of any police officer, sheriff, deputy, state trooper, federal law enforcement officer, or any other state or federal peace officer of any kind, or prison or jail guard, while such officer or guard is on duty, regardless of whether the defendant knew or should have known", "title": "Capital punishment in Alabama" }, { "docid": "54221211", "text": "Cone v. Bell, 556 U.S. 449 (2009), was a case in which the United States Supreme Court held that a defendant was entitled to a hearing to determine whether prosecutors in his 1982 death penalty trial violated his right to due process by withholding exculpatory evidence. The defendant, Gary Cone, filed a petition for postconviction relief from a 1982 death sentence in which he argued that prosecutors violated his rights to due process under the Fourteenth Amendment by withholding police reports and witness statements that potentially could have shown that his drug addiction affected his behavior. In an opinion written by Justice John Paul Stevens, the Supreme Court held that Cone was entitled to a hearing to determine whether the prosecution's failure to disclose exculpatory evidence violated Cone's right to due process; the Court noted that \"the quantity and the quality of the suppressed evidence lends support to Cone’s position at trial that he habitually used excessive amounts of drugs, that his addiction affected his behavior during his crime spree\". In 2016, Gary Cone died from natural causes while still sitting on Tennessee's death row. Background In 1982, Gary Cone was convicted and sentenced to death for a crime spree that included the robbery of a jewelry store, a police pursuit, and the murder of an elderly couple. At trial, Cone's attorney argued that he was not guilty by reason of insanity, and several experts testified that Cone suffered from a long history of drug abuse and post traumatic stress disorder resulting from his military service during the Vietnam War. According to one expert, Cone's long-term drug abuse caused hallucinations and paranoia that \"affected respondent's mental capacity and ability to obey the law.\" The jury rejected Cone's insanity defense and found him guilty on all counts. At a sentencing hearing, Cone's attorney did not present evidence of Cone's drug use as mitigating evidence. Cone's attorney also waived his final argument so that the prosecutors would not have an opportunity for a rebuttal argument. The trial court ultimately sentenced Cone to death, and on appeal, the Tennessee Supreme Court affirmed Cone's convictions and sentence. Previous petitions for postconviction relief After the Tennessee Supreme Court denied Cone's direct appeal in 1984, Cone filed a petition for postconviction relief in which he argued that his attorney provided ineffective assistance of counsel by waiving his closing argument and by failing to present mitigating evidence during the sentencing phase of his trial. After conducting a hearing on Cone's petition, a Tennessee state court rejected Cone's contentions, and the Tennessee Court of Criminal Appeals affirmed the lower court's ruling. The Tennessee Court of Criminal Appeals concluded that Cone's attorney acted within an acceptable range of competency and that Cone \"received the death penalty based on the law and facts, not on the shortcomings of counsel.\" Both the Tennessee Supreme Court and the United States Supreme Court declined to consider further appeals. In 1997, Cone filed a petition for a writ of habeas corpus in federal court.", "title": "Cone v. Bell" }, { "docid": "26547286", "text": "Leland v. Oregon, 343 U.S. 790 (1952), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court upheld the constitutionality of placing the burden of persuasion on the defendant when they argue an insanity defense in a criminal trial. This differed from previous federal common law established in Davis v. United States, in which the court held that if the defense raised an insanity defense, the prosecution must prove sanity beyond a reasonable doubt, but Davis was not a United States constitutional ruling, so only limited federal cases, but not state cases. Oregon had a very high burden on defense, that insanity be proved beyond a reasonable doubt. At that time, twenty other states also placed the burden of persuasion on the defense for an insanity defense. The defendant was convicted of killing a fifteen-year-old girl in Multnomah County. After being arrested for auto theft, the defendant asked for a homicide officer, verbally confessed to the murder, took the police to the scene of the crime, and signed a written confession. After being indicted, he then spoke to a lawyer for the first time. At trial, a jury convicted him and recommended the death penalty. Oregon law required the defendant required proof of insanity beyond a reasonable doubt. The case claimed that the \"statute in effect requires a defendant pleading insanity to establish his innocence by disproving beyond a reasonable doubt elements of the crime necessary to a verdict of guilty, and that the statute is therefore violative of that due process of law secured by the Fourteenth Amendment.\" References External links United States criminal burden of proof case law United States Supreme Court cases 1952 in United States case law Capital punishment in Oregon Multnomah County, Oregon Insanity-related case law Mental health case law in the United States United States Supreme Court cases of the Vinson Court", "title": "Leland v. Oregon" }, { "docid": "27416583", "text": "The general framework and the body of Hong Kong’s criminal laws were in fact imported from the United Kingdom when Hong Kong was first become a Crown colony in 1842 under the Treaty of Nanking. Even nowadays, after the handover and years of development and modification, these laws are still very similar to those in the UK. Just like in Britain, criminal laws in Hong Kong are entailed in different statutory law and common law. Although an individual can initiate a criminal prosecution, this is very rare due to many reasons: expensive costs involved in legal proceedings, lack of power and information to carry out formal investigation and collect evidence, exclusive right for the Secretary for Justice to get involved or even take over any private criminal prosecution, etc. Therefore, it is the Secretary for Justice who normally initiates a formal criminal prosecution. Before the Secretary initiates a prosecution, the Secretary must first determine (1) if there is enough evidence to provide an adequate basis to prosecute, and (2) whether the prosecution is to benefit the society as a whole. The Secretary, or officials acting upon his behalf, is required to follow a set of rules in a prosecution. The Secretary is then to present the case and any evidence to an impartial court. The defendant of the case is allowed to defense him in the court proceeding. At last, the court determines whether or not the defendant is guilty; accordingly, the court will also give appropriate remedies and orders. Therefore, criminal law can further divide into procedure law, substantive law, and judgement. Procedural law During a criminal proceeding, many steps and rules are involved. Each of the steps must be finished and followed in the correct order and the right time. First things first, in order for the Secretary for Justice to institute a criminal proceeding, the Secretary must first lawfully collect evidence and arrest the accused person. Then, the Secretary determines whether to institute a criminal proceeding; if he does so, he should also determine which court he should bring case to for formal hearing. Lawful Search, Seizure, and Arrest See Arrest powers in Hong Kong Laying Charges, Indictable or Summary Case, and Court Choice See Summary Proceedings Pre-trial See Trial First Stage Trial Voir Dire Empanelling jury Similar to many former British colonies, Hong Kong inherits the practice of trial by jury from the UK. The precise process of empanelling a jury is provided in the Jury Ordinance. In general, a jury is composed of seven jurors. Sometimes, a judge may enlarge a jury to a nine-person jury based on the situation. Prosecution's opening, Examination, Cross-examination, Re-examination of witnesses Defendant's opening, Examination, Cross-examination, Re-examination of witnesses Closing Summing-up by judge & Verdict Substantive law Judgement Law of Hong Kong Crime in Hong Kong", "title": "Hong Kong criminal law" }, { "docid": "3538838", "text": "Actual innocence is a special standard of review in legal cases to prove that a charged defendant did not commit the crimes that they were accused of, which is often applied by appellate courts to prevent a miscarriage of justice. Overview of claims of \"actual innocence\" In its most literal sense, \"actual innocence\"—more properly understood as a claim that the prosecution has failed to prove factual guilt beyond a reasonable doubt—is a very commonly raised defense to a crime. Claims of actual innocence may involve disputing that any crime occurred at all, or that the accused was the perpetrator of the criminal act. Arguably, even affirmative defenses such as \"self-defense\", insanity, or \"mistake of fact\" qualify as \"actual innocence\" claims because while in those cases the accused admits to both their identity as the actor and to the existence of the act (\"actus reus\"), they are claiming that the State cannot prove that they had the requisite mental state (\"mens rea\") to constitute a crime. However, the specific term \"actual innocence\" is most often used in the context of someone convicted for a crime they did not commit. Claims of \"actual innocence\" are, in that sense, usually raised in post-conviction challenges to a conviction. The Tarlton Law Library at the University of Texas at Austin maintains an \"Actual Innocence awareness database\" containing \"resources pertaining to wrongful convictions, selected from the popular media (such as newspaper articles and segments which aired on television news magazines), journal articles, books, reports, legislation and websites\". In the United States, establishing \"actual innocence\" after a conviction may be considerably more difficult than winning an acquittal at trial, however. At trial, the defendant enjoys a due process right to the presumption of innocence, and the State is obligated to prove the guilt of the accused beyond a reasonable doubt. See, e.g., Cochran v. United States, 157 U.S. 286, 299 (1895). However, \"innocence\" is a factual question, and once a fact-finder—judge or jury—makes a factual determination, appellate and post-conviction courts generally are bound by those factual determinations. Appeals and post-conviction cases, by their very nature, focus on legal errors, not factual disputes. Indeed, it is unclear whether proof of actual innocence is, in and of itself, grounds for appellate reversal. Herrera v. Collins, 506 U.S. 390 (1993) Convicted persons have two avenues for attacking the validity of their conviction or sentence. The first is direct appeal. Direct appeals are limited in number and scope, and address only those issues raised in the lower court. The second method of attacking the validity of a conviction is known as \"collateral\" review, and can take many forms, including state and federal petitions for writs of habeas corpus, petitions for writs of error coram nobis, and—increasingly—a newly developed form of collateral relief which allows petitioners to raise claims of actual innocence, whether through DNA testing or through some other method. Thus, it is in collateral, post-conviction filings that claims of actual innocence are most likely to be considered. The typical innocence", "title": "Actual innocence" }, { "docid": "1642983", "text": "A Durham rule, product test, or product defect rule is a rule in a criminal case by which a jury may determine a defendant is not guilty by reason of insanity because a criminal act was the product of a mental disease. Examples in which such rules were articulated in common law include State v. Pike (1869) and Durham v. United States (1954). In Pike, the court wrote, \"An accused is not criminally responsible if his unlawful act was the product of mental disease or mental defect.\" The Durham rule was abandoned in the case United States v. Brawner, 471 F.2d 969 (1972). After the 1970s, U.S. jurisdictions have tended to not recognize this argument as it places emphasis on \"mental disease or defect\" and thus on testimony by psychiatrists and is argued to be somewhat ambiguous. The problem with the \"product test\" was that it gave psychiatric and psychological experts too much influence in a decision of insanity and not enough to jurors. Although an expert witness may testify as to his opinion in a trial, judges are reluctant to allow it when the opinion goes to the ultimate issue of a case, i.e. when the opinion alone could decide the outcome of a case. The product test asked expert witnesses to use their judgment in determining whether criminal actions were \"'the product' of a mental disease or defect.\" It is the jury's job to decide whether a defendant's actions were the product of his mental disease or defect. The expert witness' job is to determine whether the defendant possesses a mental disease or defect. Further, often conflicting 'expert witnesses' were put on the witness stand by the prosecution and defense to draw the opposite conclusions regarding the cause of an individual's actions. References See also Insanity defense ALI rule M'Naghten rules Mental health law in the United States", "title": "Durham rule" }, { "docid": "48861857", "text": "Under the law of England and Wales regarding insanity and unfitness to plead, once a court has determined that the defendant is subject to a disability that prevents their trial progressing, there may be a \"trial of the facts\" or \"examination of facts hearing\" in which the truth of the allegations against the defendant, as opposed to their guilt or innocence of a crime, is to be determined. The court's options are: to order an absolute discharge; a supervision order; or a hospital order (with or without a restriction order). The trial is not a criminal trial to determine guilt or otherwise; it is \"limited to ensuring that the interference with the liberty of the defendant consequent upon whatever order might be made following an adverse finding can be justified by reference to what can be proved about what he or she did, even if intention might have been clouded by delusion or other incapacity.\" History Under the earlier Criminal Procedure (Insanity) Act 1964, determination of unfitness to plead led to an assumption that the accused had committed the act, without need for the prosecution to submit evidence, followed by automatic admission to hospital. In consequence fitness to plead was very rarely raised by defendants. Under the 1991 Criminal Procedure (Insanity and Unfitness to Plead) Act 1991, if the accused is found unfit to plead then a \"trial of the facts\" before a jury is held, so that the evidence against the defendant is tested to some degree. An unfit person would not necessarily require admission to a psychiatric hospital. References English law Criminal procedure", "title": "Trial of the facts" }, { "docid": "8033188", "text": "In criminal law, guilt is the state of being responsible for the commission of an offense. Legal guilt is entirely externally defined by the state, or more generally a \"court of law\". Being factually guilty of a criminal offense means that one has committed a violation of criminal law or performed all the elements of the offense set out by a criminal statute. The determination that one has committed that violation is made by an external body (a \"court of law\") after the determination of the facts by a finder of fact or \"factfinder\" (i.e., a jury) and is, therefore, as definitive as the record-keeping of the body. For instance, in the case of a bench trial, a judge acts as both the court of law and the factfinder, whereas in a jury trial, the jury is the trier of fact and the judge acts only as the trier of law. Factual guilt vs. legal guilt In the United States, there exists factual guilt and legal guilt. Factual guilt relates to a person having factually committed a crime. This implies that the person fulfilled the requirements necessary for the offense to have occurred, such as the elements of the crime and their constitutive philosophical framework. However, it is not possible to prove that someone has factually committed a crime. Relative to this inability to conclusively prove factual guilt, the Münchhausen trilemma exemplifies that it is impossible to prove any truth. As it is impossible to prove factual guilt, a prosecutor must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that a defendant has committed a crime. As such, the prosecutor is required to prove the defendant's legal guilt. The factfinder(s) in a criminal court case, through encountering evidence, determines whether there is sufficient evidence to substantiate a finding that the defendant committed the crime beyond a reasonable doubt. This may or may not be a reasonable finding, however. Thus, although a defendant may be found guilty beyond a reasonable doubt (thus, found legally guilty) of having committed a crime, such as to substantiate a conviction, such a finding does not necessarily imply that the defendant was factually found legally guilty. Related to this matter are convictions in criminal cases that are overturned by new evidence (such as in DNA exoneration cases), such that the finding of legal guilt is found by a different factfinder to have been unreasonable; thus, legal guilt is found to have not been factually found or substantiated: This new finding itself, however, is not necessarily factual either. Attribution of guilt as a social function Philosophically, guilt in criminal law reflects a functioning society and its ability to condemn individuals' actions. It rests fundamentally on a presumption of free will, such as from a compatibilist perspective (as in the U.S.A.), in which individuals choose actions and are, therefore, subjected to the external judgement of the rightness or wrongness of those actions. As described by Judge Alvin B. Rubin in United States v. Lyons (1984): Moral and legal definitions \"Guilt\" is", "title": "Guilt (law)" }, { "docid": "2298293", "text": "Mistaken identity is a defense in criminal law which claims the actual innocence of the criminal defendant, and attempts to undermine evidence of guilt by asserting that any eyewitness to the crime incorrectly thought that they saw the defendant, when in fact the person seen by the witness was someone else. The defendant may question both the memory of the witness (suggesting, for example, that the identification is the result of a false memory), and the perception of the witness (suggesting, for example, that the witness had poor eyesight, or that the crime occurred in a poorly lit place). Because the prosecution in a criminal case must prove the guilt of the accused beyond a reasonable doubt, the defendant must convince the jury that there is reasonable doubt about whether the witness actually saw what they claim to have seen, or recalls having seen. Although scientific studies have shown that mistaken identity is a common phenomenon, jurors give very strong credence to eyewitness testimony, particularly where the eyewitness is resolute in believing that their identification of the defendant was correct. Studies Many experiments have demonstrated how the memories of eyewitnesses can be manipulated. In one study by Elizabeth Loftus, subjects were shown a videotape of a car accident and then asked either \"How fast were the cars going when they hit each other?\" or the same question with the verb \"hit\" replaced by the verb \"smashed\". Subjects who were asked the question with the word \"smashed\" gave higher estimates of speed. Additionally, when asked if there was broken glass at the scene, those who heard \"smashed\" were more likely to answer affirmatively, even though there was no broken glass shown in the video. With genetic fingerprinting and DNA evidence now commonplace, many convictions based on eyewitness testimony are being re-examined. According to the Innocence Project, 73% of the cases of DNA exonerations have involved mistaken eyewitness identification. Case studies Abraham Lincoln used mistaken identity as a defense for William \"Duff\" Armstrong in 1858. He referred to a farmer's almanac to prove that a witness could not have seen Armstrong in the moonlight, as claimed, because the position of the moon that night would not have provided sufficient illumination. Armstrong was acquitted. Adolf Beck A famous case of mistaken identity in the United Kingdom is the case of Adolf Beck, who served several years in prison as a swindler, was released upon completion of his sentence, and then arrested again on the same charges before the actual swindler of similar appearance was apprehended. Ronald Cotton Another case demonstrating mistaken identity is the case of Ronald Cotton. In July 1984, a man broke into Jennifer Thompson's home in Burlington, North Carolina and raped her. During the attack, she studied the attacker's face, determined to identify him if she survived the attack. When presented with a photo lineup, she identified Cotton as her attacker. Twice, she testified against him by saying she had identified him. Cotton was found guilty of rape and burglary", "title": "Mistaken identity" }, { "docid": "13878771", "text": "Settled insanity is defined as a permanent or \"settled\" condition caused by long-term substance abuse and differs from the temporary state of intoxication. In some United States jurisdictions \"settled insanity\" can be used as a basis for an insanity defense, even though voluntary intoxication cannot, if the \"settled insanity\" negates one of the required elements of the crime such as malice aforethought. However, U.S. federal and state courts have differed in their interpretations of when the use of \"settled insanity\" is acceptable as an insanity defense and also over what is included in the concept of \"settled insanity\". History Early English common law recognized \"settled insanity\" as a complete defense for a person who is a habitual drunk but is not intoxicated at the time of the offense. A complete defense exonerates the accused and is a verdict of not guilty. Thus a person meeting the criteria of \"settled insanity\" is not considered responsible for his actions. Under the M'Naghten Rules, the first attempt in criminal law to address the issue of a mentally ill defendant, mental illness (or insanity) can be used as a defense if the defendant was unable to understand the criminal nature of his act or was unable to distinguish right from wrong at that time of the offense. The standard for an insanity defense developed by the American Law Institute requires a showing that the defendant's mental illness prevented him from abiding by the law. Traditionally, under English common law intoxication, no matter to what degree, was not considered grounds for excusing the defendant's criminal behavior. However, over the last half century, there has been a movement toward allowing intoxication as evidence admissible in court to help the jury understand the criminal act and perhaps use it as an excuse or a mitigating factor. Although voluntary intoxication is not considered an excuse for a criminal act, if it can be shown that the defendant was too intoxicated to deliberate or premeditate the wrongful act, (lacking malice aforethought), a defense of diminished capacity, while not excusing the defendant from responsibility for the act, can serve to reduce the charges. Similarly, the plea of temporary insanity (applicable only to charges of murder) can serve to reduce the charges from first degree murder to assault or lessen the sentence if it can be shown that the defendant, due to intoxication, acted without deliberation or reflection (lacking malice aforethought), thus negating specific intent. However, ten states have rejected that specific intent can be negated by voluntary intoxication. Some jurisdictions allow voluntary intoxication in the context of a preexisting mental disorder to qualify for an insanity defense. Settled insanity Over time, as United States court ruling have been refining the insanity defense, the concept of \"settled insanity\" has been evolving. Originally, any form of insanity caused by the voluntary use of drugs was not an eligible defense for a criminal offense. The rationale was that any act that results from voluntary behavior, including the voluntary intake of drugs, is choosing", "title": "Settled insanity" }, { "docid": "3804697", "text": "R v Parks, [1992] 2 S.C.R. 871 is a leading Supreme Court of Canada decision on the criminal automatism defence. On an early morning on May 24, 1987, Kenneth Parks drove 20 kilometres from Pickering, Ontario, to the house of his in-laws in Scarborough, Ontario. He entered their house with a key they had previously given him and used a tire iron to bludgeon his mother-in-law to death. He then turned on his father-in-law, attempting unsuccessfully to choke him to death. Covered with blood, Parks got back in his car and drove straight to a nearby police station and confessed, turning himself in, stating \"I think I have just killed two people.\" At trial, Parks argued that he was automatistic and not criminally liable. In his defence, a doctor testified as to his mental state at the time of the murder. From the doctor's evidence, it was determined that the accused was sleepwalking at the time of the incident, and that he was suffering from a disorder of sleep rather than neurological, psychiatric, or other illness. Five neurological experts also confirmed that he was sleepwalking during the time of the incident. The jury acquitted Parks. The issue before the Supreme Court was whether the condition of sleepwalking can be classified as non-insane automatism or should be classified as \"disease of the mind\" (i.e. mental disorder automatism) and warrant a verdict of not guilty for reason of insanity. This distinction is a matter of law and decided by the judge. Opinion of the Court The court upheld the acquittal, as the evidence presented a reasonable doubt about whether Parks acted voluntarily. Chief Justice Antonio Lamer held that the trial judge was correct in his analysis of the evidence and his decision not to characterize sleepwalking as a mental disorder. La Forest, writing for L'Heureux-Dubé and Gonthier JJ., agreed with Lamer in the characterization of the evidence, but looked further into the public policy of the defence. La Forest noted that the defence of mental disorder provides for a criminal exception which must be weighed against the interest in public safety. The applicability of the defence must focus on the likelihood of recurrence. For a person to be exempt from criminal liability under the \"disease of the mind\" defence they must be a \"continuing danger\" to the public and the condition must be an \"internal cause\" that stems from the accused's emotional or psychological state. See also Homicidal sleepwalking References External links full text from Supreme Court Reports Supreme Court of Canada cases 1992 in Canadian case law Canadian criminal case law Criminal trials that ended in acquittal", "title": "R v Parks" }, { "docid": "2927322", "text": "Evidence Rules: Foundation Introduction In common law, a foundation is sufficient preliminary evidence of the authenticity and relevance for the admission of material evidence in the form of exhibits or testimony of witnesses. Although the word \"Foundation\" does not appear in the Federal Rules of Evidence, scholars have argued that its existence is displayed, albeit implicitly, when viewing all the rules in context. Material evidence is important evidence that may serve to determine the outcome of a case. Exhibits include real evidence, illustrative evidence, demonstrative evidence, and documentary evidence. The type of preliminary evidence necessary to lay the proper foundation depends on the form and type of material evidence offered. Further, a proper foundation must be laid with respect to witness testimony. The type of questioning and evidence necessary to properly lay a witness foundation differs based on what the witness is testifying to, and in what capacity they are testifying. The lack of foundation is a valid objection that an adverse party may raise during trial. Relevance The Federal Rules of Evidence states rules regarding a piece of evidence's relevancy and whether or not it is admissible. F.R.E. 402 states relevant evidence is admissible unless otherwise excluded by: \"The U.S. Constitution, a federal statute, the Federal Rules of Evidence, or other rules proscribed by the Supreme Court.\" F.R.E. 402 further provides that irrelevant evidence is inadmissible. Test for Relevance F.R.E. 401 outlines the test for whether or not evidence is relevant. The rule states: \"Evidence is relevant if: (a) it has any tendency to make a fact more or less probable than it would be without the evidence; and (b) the fact is of consequence in determining the action.\" In determining these two factors, courts question what issues are consequential in a particular case, and whether the evidence a party seeks to admit has any tendency to prove or disprove a fact at issue. This is called weighing the evidence's probative value, which is a term used to describe the amount which a fact either proves or disproves an issue. This process of testing evidence's probative value requires a process of legal analysis and reasoning. Court's are extremely liberal when determining whether or not evidence is probative, erring on the side of admission rather than excluding evidence for being irrelevant. Evidence that is irrelevant is inadmissible in court according to F.R.E. 402. Exclusion of Relevant Evidence Evidence is not admissible just because it is relevant. For example, in a murder case where the victim was killed by a gunshot wound, evidence showing the Defendant owned guns is relevant; however, evidence that the defendant owned guns is inadmissible to show he is a \"murderous criminal\" without further evidence those weapons were brought to the scene of the crime. F.R.E. 403 lists some of the reasons that relevant evidence would be excluded. These reasons include: the likelihood of the jury becoming unduly prejudiced to a party, and a likelihood that the evidence will cause the jury to confuse the issues or", "title": "Foundation (evidence)" }, { "docid": "2089139", "text": "Kelsey Patterson (March 24, 1954 – May 18, 2004) was executed by the State of Texas. He was convicted of the murder of 63-year-old Louis Oates, the owner of an oil company, and 41-year-old Dorothy Harris, who was Oates's secretary. Patterson had a history of mental illness, and before his execution, the Texas Board of Pardons and Paroles recommended that his sentence be commuted to life in prison. However, Governor Rick Perry refused to commute the sentence because at that time Texas did not offer the possibility of life imprisonment without parole; even for capital crimes, life sentences came with eligibility for parole after 40 years. Background Patterson was born in 1954 in Anderson County, Texas. He was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia in 1981. On August 25, 1992, at his home in Palestine, Texas, Patterson told his roommate that he might not ever see him again. He walked out to his front yard with a .38 caliber pistol and fired three times into an aluminum pan. He walked about a block to the Oates Oil Co., where the owner, Louis Oates, was standing on the loading dock. Patterson walked up behind Oates and shot him in the back of the head with a .38-caliber pistol. He left, but returned a short time later and shot Harris, who had come outside screaming upon hearing the shots and finding Oates. Patterson then went to a friend's house where he took off his clothing and was arrested standing naked in the street. No clear motive was established for the murders, but a friend of Oates told police that Patterson and the victim had once argued over whether Patterson was a better football player than Oates's son. At trial, two men testified for the state that they had been shot by Patterson in separate incidents in 1980 and 1983. Both men said they were hit by multiple bullets; one suffered a punctured lung and the other was hospitalized for three months with wounds to the hip and groin. Defense attorneys said that Patterson suffered from delusions, and Patterson's half-sister said that his mental problems started soon after the death of Patterson's primary caretaker, his grandmother. Prosecutors said that Patterson was a mean person but not insane. The jury deliberated for two hours before finding Patterson guilty on July 1, 1993, and after four more hours of deliberation, returned the death sentence that same night. Recommendation for life sentence In May 2004, Patterson received a rare recommendation from the Texas Board of Pardons and Paroles that his death sentence be commuted to life because of mental illness. Nonetheless, Governor Rick Perry refused to grant the commutation. Governor Perry explained why he refused to commute Patterson's sentence to life, \"This defendant is a very violent individual. Texas has no life without parole sentencing option, and no one can guarantee this defendant would never be freed to commit other crimes were his sentence commuted. In the interests of justice and public safety, I am denying the defendant's", "title": "Kelsey Patterson" }, { "docid": "15358", "text": "The insanity defense, also known as the mental disorder defense, is an affirmative defense by excuse in a criminal case, arguing that the defendant is not responsible for their actions due to a psychiatric disease at the time of the criminal act. This is contrasted with an excuse of provocation, in which the defendant is responsible, but the responsibility is lessened due to a temporary mental state. It is also contrasted with the justification of self defense or with the mitigation of imperfect self-defense. The insanity defense is also contrasted with a finding that a defendant cannot stand trial in a criminal case because a mental disease prevents them from effectively assisting counsel, from a civil finding in trusts and estates where a will is nullified because it was made when a mental disorder prevented a testator from recognizing the natural objects of their bounty, and from involuntary civil commitment to a mental institution, when anyone is found to be gravely disabled or to be a danger to themself or to others. Legal definitions of insanity or mental disorder are varied, and include the M'Naghten Rule, the Durham rule, the 1953 British Royal Commission on Capital Punishment report, the ALI rule (American Legal Institute Model Penal Code rule), and other provisions, often relating to a lack of mens rea (\"guilty mind\"). In the criminal laws of Australia and Canada, statutory legislation enshrines the M'Naghten Rules, with the terms defense of mental disorder, defense of mental illness or not criminally responsible by reason of mental disorder employed. Being incapable of distinguishing right from wrong is one basis for being found to be legally insane as a criminal defense. It originated in the M'Naghten Rule, and has been reinterpreted and modernized through more recent cases, such as People v. Serravo. In the United Kingdom, Ireland, and the United States, use of the defense is rare. Mitigating factors, including things not eligible for the insanity defense such as intoxication and partial defenses such as diminished capacity and provocation, are used more frequently. The defense is based on evaluations by forensic mental health professionals with the appropriate test according to the jurisdiction. Their testimony guides the jury, but they are not allowed to testify to the accused's criminal responsibility, as this is a matter for the jury to decide. Similarly, mental health practitioners are restrained from making a judgment on the \"ultimate issue\"—whether the defendant is insane. Some jurisdictions require the evaluation to address the defendant's ability to control their behavior at the time of the offense (the volitional limb). A defendant claiming the defense is pleading \"not guilty by reason of insanity\" (NGRI) or \"guilty but insane or mentally ill\" in some jurisdictions which, if successful, may result in the defendant being committed to a psychiatric facility for an indeterminate period. Non compos mentis Non compos mentis (Latin) is a legal term meaning \"not of sound mind\". Non compos mentis derives from the Latin non meaning \"not\", compos meaning \"control\" or \"command\", and", "title": "Insanity defense" } ]	[ { "docid": "17352869", "text": "In the field of criminal law, there are a variety of conditions that will tend to negate elements of a crime (particularly the intent element), known as defenses. The label may be apt in jurisdictions where the accused may be assigned some burden before a tribunal. However, in many jurisdictions, the entire burden to prove a crime is on the prosecution, which also must prove the absence of these defenses, where implicated. In other words, in many jurisdictions the absence of these so-called defenses is treated as an element of the crime. So-called defenses may provide partial or total refuge from punishment. Types of defenses in a Court of Law Mental disorder (insanity) Insanity or mental disorder (Australia and Canada), may negate the intent of any crime, although it pertains only to those crimes having an intent element. A variety of rules have been advanced to define what, precisely, constitutes criminal insanity. The most common definitions involve either an actor's lack of understanding of the wrongfulness of the offending conduct, or the actor's inability to conform conduct to the law. If one succeeds in being declared \"not guilty by reason of insanity,\" then the result frequently is treatment in a mental hospital, although some jurisdictions provide the sentencing authority with flexibility. As further described in articles available online. Automatism Automatism is a state where the muscles act without any control by the mind, or with a lack of consciousness. One may suddenly fall ill, into a dream like state as a result of post traumatic stress, or even be \"attacked by a swarm of bees\" and go into an automatic spell. However, to be classed as an \"automaton\" means there must have been a total destruction of voluntary control, which does not include a partial loss of consciousness as the result of driving for too long. Where the onset of loss of bodily control was blameworthy, e.g., the result of voluntary drug use, it may be a defense only to specific intent crimes. Examples of this would be provocation, intoxication and mental illness, provocation means the victim provoked the defendant with illegal behavior, therefore, the defendant lost self control and attacked the victim. Therefore, a criminal defense lawyer would argue that the victim should not have said or done certain illegal actions that would make someone lose self control. Intoxication is where the defendant was unaware of their actions due to being under the influence of certain drugs or alcoholic beverages. Therefore, a criminal defense lawyer might be able to argue a good case, depending on what was used and if there was a party. Mental illness is where the defendant has a certain mental condition that makes them incapable of understanding right and wrong. A good case would be dementia, schizophrenia, etc. a criminal defense lawyer would be able to argue a good case, if evidence of disability papers are there. Intoxication In some jurisdictions, intoxication may negate specific intent, a particular kind of mens rea applicable only to", "title": "Criminal defenses" }, { "docid": "17656517", "text": "The U.S. Supreme Court has issued numerous rulings on the use of capital punishment (the death penalty). While some rulings applied very narrowly, perhaps to only one individual, other cases have had great influence over wide areas of procedure, eligible crimes, acceptable evidence and method of execution. Eighth Amendment Method of execution Wilkerson v. Utah, – Firing squad is constitutional. In re Kemmler, – Electrocution is constitutional. Stewart v. LaGrand, Nelson v. Campbell, Hill v. McDonough, – Challenging constitutionality of the execution method is a §1983 lawsuit, not a habeas corpus petition, and thus not subject to the procedural bar on successive petitions. Baze v. Rees, – Kentucky's lethal injection method using sodium thiopental is constitutional. Glossip v. Gross, – To be unconstitutional, a method of execution must involve any risk of harm which is substantial when compared to a known and available alternative method. The condemned has the burden of proof. Bucklew v. Precythe, – Baze v. Rees and Glossip v. Gross govern all Eighth Amendment challenges alleging that a method of execution inflicts unconstitutionally cruel pain. A method is unconstitutional only when it \"superadds pain well beyond what's needed to effectuate a death sentence.\" Barr v. Lee, Nance v. Ward, Specific crimes Coker v. Georgia, – The death penalty is unconstitutional for rape of an adult woman when the victim is not killed. Enmund v. Florida, – The death penalty is unconstitutional for a person who is a minor participant in a felony and does not kill, attempt to kill, or intend to kill. Tison v. Arizona, – Death penalty may be imposed on a felony-murder defendant who was a major participant in the underlying felony and exhibits extreme indifference to human life. Sumner v. Shuman, – Mandatory death penalty for a prison inmate who is convicted of murder while serving a life sentence without possibility of parole is unconstitutional. Kennedy v. Louisiana, – The death penalty is unconstitutional for child rape and other non-homicidal crimes against the person. Age Thompson v. Oklahoma, – Capital punishment for crimes committed at 15 years of age or less is unconstitutional. Stanford v. Kentucky, – The death penalty for crimes committed at age 16 or 17 is constitutional. (Overruled in Roper v. Simmons) Roper v. Simmons, – The death penalty for those who committed their crimes while under 18 years of age is unconstitutional. Intellectual disability Ford v. Wainwright, – Execution of an insane convict is unconstitutional. Penry v. Lynaugh, – Executing persons with mental retardation is constitutional. (Overruled in Atkins v. Virginia) Stewart v. Martinez-Villareal, – Atkins v. Virginia, – The execution of mentally retarded offenders is unconstitutional. Panetti v. Quarterman, – A person may not be executed if they do not understand the reason for their imminent execution. Once the state has set an execution date death-row inmates may litigate their competency to be executed in habeas corpus proceedings. Hall v. Florida, – IQ tests alone can not be used as a rigid limit for determining intellectual disability. Moore", "title": "List of United States Supreme Court opinions involving capital punishment" }, { "docid": "3260779", "text": "In United States and Canadian law, competence concerns the mental capacity of an individual to participate in legal proceedings or transactions, and the mental condition a person must have to be responsible for his or her decisions or acts. Competence is an attribute that is decision-specific. Depending on various factors which typically revolve around mental function integrity, an individual may or may not be competent to make a particular medical decision, a particular contractual agreement, to execute an effective deed to real property, or to execute a will having certain terms. Depending on the state, a guardian or conservator may be appointed by a court for a person who satisfies the state's tests for general incompetence, and the guardian or conservator exercises the incompetent's rights for the incompetent. Defendants who do not possess sufficient \"competence\" are usually excluded from criminal prosecution, while witnesses found not to possess requisite competence cannot testify. The English equivalent is fitness to plead. United States The word incompetent is used to describe persons who should not undergo or partake in certain judicial processes, and also for those who lack mental capacity to make contracts, handle their financial and other personal matters such as consenting to medical treatment, etc. and need a legal guardian to handle their affairs. Competence to stand trial In United States law, the right to not be prosecuted while one is incompetent to stand trial has been ruled by the United States Supreme Court to be guaranteed under the due process clause. If the court determines that a defendant's mental condition makes him unable to understand the proceedings, or that he is unable to help in his defense, he is found incompetent. The competency evaluation, as determined in Dusky v. United States, is whether the accused \"has sufficient present ability to consult with his lawyer with a reasonable degree of rational understanding—and whether he has a rational as well as factual understanding of the proceedings against him.\" Being determined incompetent is substantially different from undertaking an insanity defense; competence regards the defendant's state of mind at the time of the trial, while insanity regards his state of mind at the time of the crime. In New York a hearing on competence to stand trial may be referred to as a \"730 exam\", after the law that governs the conduct of the exam, New York CPL Sec. 730. In 2006, the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit considered the legal standards for determining competence to stand trial and to waive counsel using the standards of objective unreasonableness under the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act. A ruling of incompetence may later be reversed. A defendant may recover from a mental illness or disability, and a court may require a defendant to undergo treatment in an effort to render the defendant competent to stand trial. For example, in 1989, Kenneth L. Curtis of Stratford, Connecticut was found mentally incompetent to stand trial following the murder of his estranged girlfriend. But years", "title": "Competence (law)" }, { "docid": "1631631", "text": "\"Abstract of judgment\" is a written summary of a judgment which states how much money the losing defendant owes to the person who won the lawsuit (judgment creditor), the rate of interest to be paid on the judgment amount, court costs, and any specific orders that the losing defendant (judgment debtor) must obey, which abstract is acknowledged and stamped so that it can be recorded and made official with the government. The purpose of an abstract of judgment is to create a public record and create a lien or claim if necessary on any real estate property owned or later acquired by the defendant located in the county in which the abstract of judgment is recorded. If the loser does not pay the judgment voluntarily then the winner can force a sheriff's sale of any property to collect. There are several problems: 1) to find the county where the loser owns real estate property; 2) the probability that there are secured loans, tax liens and/or other judgments that have priority over the judgment lien; 3) the possibility that the loser/debtor may go bankrupt and avoid paying the debt. United Kingdom An abstract is a brief summary of a judicial judgment, usually written by a barrister or academic for publication in law reports. Abstracts are of particular use in legal research because they condense the essential points of long, complex judgments into a few paragraphs. A researcher can use abstracts to investigate how relevant a particular case is to the issue at hand, and hence to decide whether he or she should go on to read the entire judgment. United States The term \"abstract of judgment\" may be used in a generic sense to describe a condensed summary of a court case, but it is chiefly used in a technical sense to describe a document produced by a court which describes the judgment rendered in a case. Criminal law An abstract of judgment is a clerical document containing a summary of court proceedings which may be useful though not conclusive in proving a prior conviction for the purposes of enhancement. United States v. Gutierrez-Ramirez, 405 F.3d 352, 357 - 58 (5th Cir. 2005) (finding a sentencing court could not rely on an abstract of judgment to determine whether a prior conviction qualifies to enhance a sentence); United States v. Navidad-Marcos, 367 F.3d 903, 908 - 09 (9th Cir. 2004) (holding an abstract of judgment did not \"unequivocally\" establish that a defendant entered a guilty plea); see also United States. v. Price, 366 U.S. App. D.C. 166, 409 F.3d 436, 445 (D.C. Cir. 2005). In California, an abstract of judgment is a document transmitted by a superior court to a county sheriff after entry of a judgment of conviction in a criminal action. The abstract summarizes the crimes of which the defendant was convicted, and all sentences and enhancements imposed for those crimes (including whether those various sentencing components are to run concurrently or consecutively to one another). It also summarizes presentencing", "title": "Abstract of judgment" }, { "docid": "216680", "text": "In criminal law, irresistible impulse is a defense by excuse, in this case some sort of insanity, in which the defendant argues that they should not be held criminally liable for their actions that broke the law, because they could not control those actions, even if they knew them to be wrong. It was added to the M'Naghten rule as a basis for acquittal in the mid 20th century. In 1994, Lorena Bobbitt was found not guilty when her defense argued that an irresistible impulse led her to cut off her husband's penis. The Penal Code of the U.S. state of California states (2002), \"The defense of diminished capacity is hereby abolished ... there shall be no defense of ... diminished responsibility or irresistible impulse...\" The \"policeman at the elbow\" test is a test used by some courts to determine whether the defendant was insane when they committed a crime. It is a variant of the M'Naghten Rules that addresses the situation in which the defendant knew that what they were going to do was wrong, but had no ability to restrain themself from doing it. The test asks whether they would have done what they did even if a police officer were standing at their elbow, hence its name. Irresistible impulse in English law In English law the concept of \"irresistible impulse\" was developed in the 1960 case R v. Byrne. The appellant (described as a violent sexual psychopath) strangled then mutilated a young woman; it was alleged that Byrne suffered from violent and perverted sexual desires which he found impossible to control. Lord Parker C.J. broadened the definition of \"abnormality of mind\" to include those lacking \"the ability to exercise will-power to control acts in accordance with [their] rational judgment\". \"Irresistible impulse\" can be pleaded only under the defense of diminished responsibility, not under the defense of insanity. Thus it operates only as a partial defence to murder, reducing the charge to manslaughter, and giving the judge discretion as to length of sentence and whether committal would be more appropriate than incarceration. See also Impulse control disorder Anatomy of a Murder References External links Mental health law Criminal defenses", "title": "Irresistible impulse" }, { "docid": "936837", "text": "In criminal procedure law of the United States, an exigent circumstance allows law enforcement (under certain circumstances) to enter a structure without a search warrant, or if they have a \"knock and announce\" warrant, allows them to enter without knocking and waiting for the owner's permission to enter. It must be a situation where people are in imminent danger, evidence faces imminent destruction, or a suspect's escape is imminent. Once entry is obtained, the plain view doctrine applies, allowing the seizure of any evidence or contraband discovered in the course of actions consequent upon the exigent circumstances. Criminal procedure In the criminal procedure context, exigent circumstance means the following: Exigent circumstances may make a warrantless search constitutional if probable cause exists. The existence of exigent circumstances is a mixed question of law and fact. There is no absolute test for determining if exigent circumstances exist, but general factors have been identified, which include clear evidence of probable cause; the seriousness of the offense and likelihood of destruction of evidence; limitations on the search to minimize the intrusion only to preventing destruction of evidence; and clear indications of exigency. Exigency may be determined by degree of urgency involved, amount of time needed to get a search warrant, whether evidence is about to be removed or destroyed, danger at the site, knowledge of the suspect that police are on the trail, and/or ready destructibility of the evidence. In determining the time necessary to obtain a warrant, a telephonic warrant should be considered. As electronic data may be altered or eradicated in seconds, in a factually compelling case, the doctrine of exigent circumstances will support a warrantless seizure. Even in exigent circumstances, while a warrantless seizure may be permitted, a subsequent warrant to search may still be necessary. Miranda rights In New Jersey v. Boretsky, the Supreme Court of New Jersey held that the emergency aid doctrine overrode the need to Mirandize a suspect, even in the face of ambiguous or equivocal assertions of the right to legal representation. Emergency aid doctrine Emergency aid doctrine is an exception to the Fourth Amendment, allowing warrantless entry to premises if exigent circumstances make it necessary. A number of exceptions are classified under the general heading of criminal enforcement: where evidence of a suspected crime is in danger of being lost; where the police officers are in hot pursuit; where there is a probability that a suspect will flee before a warrant can be obtained; where a person is in need of assistance; where entry is required to prevent harm to a person. In deciding whether such entry was legal, courts will consider whether a reasonable and prudent person would have considered there was need to make an immediate entry. In the 1925 Supreme Court case Carroll et al. v. United States, George Carroll and John Kiro were indicted and convicted for carrying \"spirituous liquor\" in contravention of the National Prohibition Act. Police officers had followed the defendants after their car passed their patrol car and", "title": "Exigent circumstance" }, { "docid": "219292", "text": "An affirmative defense to a civil lawsuit or criminal charge is a fact or set of facts other than those alleged by the plaintiff or prosecutor which, if proven by the defendant, defeats or mitigates the legal consequences of the defendant's otherwise unlawful conduct. In civil lawsuits, affirmative defenses include the statute of limitations, the statute of frauds, waiver, and other affirmative defenses such as, in the United States, those listed in Rule 8 (c) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. In criminal prosecutions, examples of affirmative defenses are self defense, insanity, entrapment and the statute of limitations. Description In an affirmative defense, the defendant may concede that they committed the alleged acts, but they prove other facts which, under the law, either justify or excuse their otherwise wrongful actions, or otherwise overcomes the plaintiff's claim. In criminal law, an affirmative defense is sometimes called a justification or excuse defense. Consequently, affirmative defenses limit or excuse a defendant's criminal culpability or civil liability. A clear illustration of an affirmative defense is self defense. In its simplest form, a criminal defendant may be exonerated if he can demonstrate that he had an honest and reasonable belief that another's use of force was unlawful and that the defendant's conduct was necessary to protect himself. Most affirmative defenses must be pleaded in a timely manner by a defendant in order for the court to consider them, or else they are considered waived by the defendant's failure to assert them. The classic unwaivable affirmative defense is lack of subject-matter jurisdiction. The issue of timely assertion is often the subject of contentious litigation. The insanity plea Among the most controversial affirmative defenses is the insanity defense, whereby a criminal defendant seeks to be excused from criminal liability on the ground that a mental illness, at the time of the alleged crime, prevented him or her from understanding the wrongful nature of his or her actions. Burden of proof Because an affirmative defense requires an assertion of facts beyond those claimed by the plaintiff, generally the party who offers an affirmative defense bears the burden of proof. The standard of proof is typically lower than beyond a reasonable doubt. It can either be proved by clear and convincing evidence or by a preponderance of the evidence. In this respect, affirmative defenses differ from ordinary defenses [claim of right, alibi, infancy, necessity, and self-defense (which is an affirmative defense at common law)], which the prosecution has the burden of disproving beyond a reasonable doubt. Governing rules Rule 8 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure governs the assertion of affirmative defenses in civil cases that are filed in the United States district courts. Rule 8(c) specifically enumerates the following defenses: \"accord and satisfaction, arbitration and award, assumption of risk, contributory negligence, discharge in bankruptcy, estoppel, failure of consideration, fraud, illegality, injury by fellow servant, laches, license, payment, release, res judicata, statute of frauds, statute of limitations, waiver, and any other matter constituting an avoidance or affirmative", "title": "Affirmative defense" }, { "docid": "24526973", "text": "Archuleta v. Hedrick, 365 F.3d 644 (8th Cir. 2004) was a pro se petition for a writ of habeas corpus filed in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit in October 2002, appealing the dismissal of a case brought by defendant Benjamin Archuleta. Archuleta had been found not guilty by reason of insanity of assault and subsequently ordered to be confined in a prison mental hospital by the United States District Court for the Western District of Missouri after his successful insanity defense, as he was evaluated by a psychiatrist as dangerous. His appeal challenged this confinement and \"forced treatment\", requested a withdrawal of his original insanity defense, and sought his unconditional release from custody. The appellate court reversed the lower court's dismissal of the habeas corpus petition, saying that habeas corpus is a last resort remedy available to those without any other, and the case was remanded back to that court with the instructions to transfer the petition to another district court, the United States District Court for the District of Utah. Facts of case Benjamin Archuleta was charged with assaulting a federal official and found not guilty by reason of insanity (NGRI) in the United States District Court for the District of Utah on July 23, 1999. Based on a psychiatric evaluation and the testimony of others, the court ruled that Archuleta's release posed a substantial risk of harm to others and ordered him committed to the United States Medical Center for Federal Prisoners in Springfield, Missouri. Although later Archuleta was conditionally released, his release was revoked on July 8, 2002 and he was recommitted to FMC Springfield until the time he was determined to be eligible for a conditional release by the hospital; such release would be under court supervision. Archuleta filed a pro se petition (a petition to represent himself) for habeas corpus relief (seeking relief for unlawful detention) in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Western District of Missouri in October, 2002, requesting an unconditional discharge and release from confinement in the prison hospital. He argued that the statute under which he was committed is unconstitutional because only a judicial unit, not an administrative one, can determine the length and conditions of his sentence and also whether his confinement after his successful NGRI defense could exceed the sentence he would have received if found guilty under the law. He further argued that his confinement in the prison facility far from the court was equal to \"banishment and exile\" and that \"forced treatment\" violated the Eighth Amendment. He also contested the finding that he had violated the terms of his conditional release, saying that he did not refuse the forced treatment \"but for the exception of being late on taking his [anti-psychotic] medication... one day\". He also requested to withdraw his insanity defense. At the district court level, the counsel for both parties agreed to court’s interpretation of the pro se petition to focus on the issue of the involuntary administration of psychiatric", "title": "Archuleta v. Hedrick" }, { "docid": "5747405", "text": "Clark v. Arizona, 548 U.S. 735 (2006), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court upheld the constitutionality of the insanity defense used by Arizona. The Court affirmed the murder conviction of a man with paranoid schizophrenia for killing a police officer. The man had argued that his inability to understand the nature of his acts at the time that they were committed should be a sufficient basis for showing that he lacked the requisite mental state required as an element of the charged crime. The Court upheld Arizona's restriction of admissible mental health evidence only to the issue of insanity and not to show that the defendant did not possess the required mental intent level necessary to satisfy an element of the crime. Evidence is admissible only to show that the defendant was insane at the time of the crime's commission. In this case, the defendant knew right from wrong and so he could not qualify under Arizona's insanity defense. Background The constitutionality of an insanity defense was questioned as well as whether a defendant has a Fourteenth Amendment due process right, unrelated to the insanity plea, to present the correct evidence on the mental state to counter the prosecution's evidence of criminal intent. In the case, Eric Clark shot and killed a police officer at a traffic stop because he believed his town in Arizona had been taken over by aliens. Clark, was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia and used the insanity defense to try to use his mental disorder as an excuse for the crime that he had committed. The court did not believe that Clark's insanity defense was a justifiable defense, and he was sentenced to 25 years in prison. Throughout the court case, Clark presented an elaborate testimony describing his odd behavior a year prior to the incident. Among many other things, Clark believed that \"aliens\", some being government employees, were trying to hurt and kill him and that the only way to stop them was through death. A psychiatrist testified that Clark has paranoid schizophrenia in which a patient has delusions that a person is against the patient and/or family. The psychiatrist said that at the time of the shooting, Clark was incapable of deciding right from wrong and so was insane. Before being tried again, he was committed to a mental institution for two years, and his belief in aliens was still present afterward, but he believed that they were no longer out to get him but had another mission. Oral argument Arizona was represented by assistant attorney general Randall M. Howe. Clark was represented by Colorado attorney David I Goldberg. Decision In a 5–4 decision, in favor of Arizona, the US Supreme Court decided that the Arizona court could limit the amount of evidence used to plea a person's sanity for a defendant's insanity defense. Justice Souter believed that having a defendant prove his insanity in order to justify they were unable to clearly think while committing the crime would", "title": "Clark v. Arizona" }, { "docid": "1975823", "text": "Criminal jurisdiction is a term used in constitutional law and public law to describe the power of courts to hear a case brought by a state accusing a defendant of the commission of a crime. It is relevant in three distinct situations: to regulate the relationship between states, or between one state and another; where the nation is a federation, to regulate the relationship between the federal courts and the domestic courts of those states comprising the federation; and where a state only has, to a greater or lesser extent, a single and unified system of law, it is the law of criminal procedure to regulate what cases each classification of court within the judicial system shall adjudicate upon. People must be tried in the same state the crime is committed. Extraterritorial issues Supranational courts Under the public international law system, de jure states are sovereign within their own territorial boundaries. A few states such as the Netherlands have adopted a monist approach, i.e. they accept international and municipal laws as part of a single system. Thus, whether a supranational court or tribunal has criminal jurisdiction over its territory or citizens, will be determined by international law. The majority of states are dualist, i.e. they will only accept international obligations through the process of incorporation, say by signing and adopting treaties and conventions. Hence, whether a supranational court or tribunal will have jurisdiction and, if so, over what subject matter and over what period of time, will be decided by the sovereign government of the day. Extraterritorial jurisdiction in international law Because each government is supreme, it can enact whatever statutes it wishes. Thus, State A would have the power to make a law which, for example, made it an offence to smoke in the streets of State B, a neighbouring state. State A could employ officers and equip them with cameras. These officers could then collect evidence in State B and, when its citizens returned home, State A could prosecute them for breach of the law. But State A's law could not be directly effective in State B because that would make State B less than sovereign. Similarly, State A could not seek the extradition of its own citizens from State B unless State B was formally to consent (usually through the negotiation of a treaty including the particular offence). International crime Transborder crimes take place in more than one state. For example, a defendant may fire a gun, post a package, or write or speak words in State A, but the effects of each action are felt in State B. Some states claim a public policy justification to exercise jurisdiction over crimes committed by, or crimes committed against their citizens, even though these crimes are committed outside their borders. Thus, one of the classifications of crime is \"crimes against the state\". These are crimes that affect the interests of the state or its administration. In extreme cases, a state may wish to prosecute one of its own citizens", "title": "Criminal jurisdiction" }, { "docid": "64327826", "text": "DC Comics v. Mark Towle was a copyright case heard in the United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit in September 2015. The case concerned defendant Mark Towle, who built and sold replicas of the Batmobile in his garage named 'Garage Gotham'. DC Comics initially filed a lawsuit, in May 2011, in the federal district court alleging causes of action for copyright infringement, trademark infringement and unfair competition arising out of Mark's manufacture and sale of replicas. The plaintiffs, DC Comics, claimed the infringement of their copyright as the replicas sold by Mark were similar to the ones that appeared in 1966 television show Batman and the 1989 film Batman. The issue discussed by the court was \"whether a character in a comic book, television program or motion picture is entitled to copyright protection\". The ninth circuit followed the precedents and came up with a three-part test to determine the protection given to such characters. The three-part test to determine the copyright protection for a comic character is as follows: \"The character must generally have physical as well as conceptual qualities. The character must be sufficiently delineated to be recognizable as the same character whenever it appears. It must display consistent, identifiable character traits and attributes, although the character need not have a consistent appearance. The character must be especially distinctive and contain some unique elements of expression. It cannot be a stock character like a magician in standard magician garb.\" The court applied this test on Batmobile to conclude that the character is the property of DC Comics and is entitled to copyright protection. The defendant, thus, had infringed upon the plaintiff's copyright. While concluding so, the ninth circuit court affirmed the judgement of the federal district court. Background Plaintiffs DC comics is an American comic book publisher and owner of the comic books featuring the story of Batman. It is also one of the oldest and largest American comic book companies. The character in question, the Batmobile, is a fictional, high-tech automobile which is the primary mode of transportation for Batman. It possesses Bat like external features and is equipped with futuristic weaponry and crime fighting technology. Since the creation of the character it has appeared multiple times in various comic books, television series or motion pictures. As pointed out by the court, two depictions of the Batmobile are relevant for the case: 1966 television series starring Adam West, and the 1989 motion picture starring Michael Keaton. Defendant Mark Towle is the owner of 'Gotham Garage' where he produced replicas of the aforementioned batmobile versions. The court notes that Mark concedes the fact that the replicas copy the designs of such versions, though they do not copy every feature. Various car collectors were buying these replicas for a price worth $90,000 approximately. Before a lawsuit was filed by DC Comics, Mark had advertised these replicas as the \"batmobile\" and used the domain name batmobilereplicas.com. Mark himself admitted that he was not authorized by the plaintiffs to manufacture such", "title": "DC Comics v. Mark Towle" }, { "docid": "37723287", "text": "Manslaughter is a crime in the United States. Definitions can vary among jurisdictions, but manslaughter is invariably the act of causing the death of another person in a manner less culpable than murder. Three types of unlawful killings constitute manslaughter. First, there is voluntary manslaughter which is an intentional homicide committed in \"sudden heat of passion\" as the result of adequate provocation. Second, there is the form of involuntary manslaughter which is an unintentional homicide that was committed in a criminally negligent manner. Finally, there is the form of involuntary manslaughter which is an unintentional homicide that occurred during the commission or attempted commission of an unlawful act which does not amount to a felony (thereby triggering the felony-murder rule). Laws in the United States Voluntary manslaughter Voluntary manslaughter involves the intentional killing of a person in which the offender did not have prior intent to kill. The defendant may have the intention of causing serious injury short of death. The following are some examples of defenses that may be raised to mitigate murder to voluntary manslaughter: Provocation A killing that occurs after adequate provocation by an event which would cause a reasonable person to lose self-control is voluntary manslaughter. There must not be a cooling off period negating provocation. If there is an interval between the provocation and killing sufficient to allow the passion of a reasonable person to cool, the homicide is not manslaughter, but murder. In the United States, jurisdictions vary on what counts as adequate provocation. Traditionally, there were five categories which constituted adequate provocation: (1) observation of sexual marital infidelity, (2) assault and battery, (3) mutual combat, (4) witnessing harm to a loved one, and (5) resistance to an illegal arrest. Courts have since moved on to less restrictive rules which look at whether the provocation was of such a nature that it would cause an ordinary person to enter a heightened state of passion and lose their self-control. Nonetheless, regardless of the rule used to determine adequate provocation, under the common law words alone are almost always never enough. However, that does not apply to jurisdictions which use the Model Penal Code. Imperfect self-defense In some jurisdictions, a person who acted in self-defense with an honest but unreasonable belief that deadly force was necessary to do so can reduce a murder charge to one of voluntary manslaughter or deliberate homicide committed without criminal malice. (Malice is found if a person is killed intentionally and without legal excuse or mitigation.) Diminished capacity Diminished capacity is a defense that may negate the mental state of \"malice\". If a jurisdiction recognizes that a person can kill without justification but also without any evil intent, for example due to a mental defect or mental illness, that jurisdiction may define the person's crime as something less than murder. This partial defense is only available in some U.S. jurisdictions and not others; whereas the complete defense of insanity is available throughout the U.S. but is rarely used because it is", "title": "Manslaughter (United States law)" }, { "docid": "26338964", "text": "United States federal laws governing offenders with mental diseases or defects () provide for the evaluation and handling of defendants who are suspected of having mental diseases or defects. The laws were completely revamped by the Insanity Defense Reform Act in the wake of the John Hinckley Jr. verdict. Incompetence to stand trial A defendant can be found incompetent to stand trial if he is unable to understand the nature and consequences of the proceedings against him and to assist properly in his defense. In such a case, he is involuntarily committed until his competency is restored. The Supreme Court has ruled that the government has a legitimate interest in bringing defendants to trial and that therefore incompetent defendants can be forcibly medicated under certain circumstances. See Sell v. United States. Time served while waiting to be restored to competence generally counts as \"dead time,\" because it is not official detention but rather is (in theory) devoted to treatment. The Supreme Court has ruled that an insanity acquittee can be held indefinitely. Statements made by the defendant in the course of his evaluation cannot be admitted as evidence against him on the issue of guilt. Between 1940 and 1984, the law provided for a board of examiners to be established for each federal and penal correctional institution that would consist of three medical officers, one appointed by the warden or superintendent of the institution; another by the U.S. Attorney General; and another by the U.S. Public Health Service. The pre-1984 law did not have the same stringent 30- and 45-day time limits for examinations, but merely provided that \"For the purpose of the examination the court may order the accused committed for such reasonable period as the court may determine to a suitable hospital or other facility to be designated by the court.\" The law provided that even if mental competency was not raised as an issue before conviction, if a board of examiners found probable cause to believe the defendant had been incompetent at the time of his trial, the court could vacate the judgment of conviction and grant a new trial. Insanity Per Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 12.2, a defendant intending to pursue an insanity defense must timely notify an attorney for the government in writing. The government then has a right to have the court order a psychiatric or psychological examination. If the defendant does not submit to the examination, the court may exclude any expert evidence from the defendant on the issue of the defendant’s mental disease, mental defect, or any other mental condition. Federal law provides for the commitment of those found not guilty only by reason of insanity. Once such a verdict is handed down, the defendant has the burden of proof of showing that his release would not create a substantial risk of bodily injury to another person or serious damage of property of another due to a present mental disease or defect. Because of the difficulty in proving such a thing,", "title": "United States federal laws governing defendants with mental diseases or defects" }, { "docid": "55609730", "text": "A fact pattern or fact situation is a summary of the key facts of a particular legal case, presented without any associated discussion of their legal consequences. For example, at common law, \"Murder is the killing of another human being with malice aforethought and without justification or excuse.\" The elements of the crime are killing (actus reus) and malice aforethought i.e. intentional action (mens rea). Possible defenses include legal justification (e.g. self-defense) or excuse (e.g. no mens rea due to legal insanity). The fact pattern from a homicide case might be: \"The defendant returned home at night and discovered an armed burglar within the home, and then killed the burglar.\" The fact pattern can be analyzed to determine whether the elements of the crime exist and, if so, what defenses may be available to the defendant, such as in this case, the right to self defense and the lack of a duty to retreat in one's own home (\"castle doctrine\"). Fact patterns are an important element of law school examinations, with students expected to identify the relevant facts from the scenario presented, then summarize and synthesize the law as implicated by the fact pattern. References Legal concepts", "title": "Fact pattern" }, { "docid": "14992240", "text": "Frendak v. United States, 408 A.2d 364 (D.C. 1979) is a landmark case in which District of Columbia Court of Appeals decided that a judge could not impose an insanity defense over the defendant's objections. Circumstances Paula Frendak shot a coworker. After four competency hearings, the defendant was adjudicated competent, although in the opinion of several experts she was likely insane when she committed the crime. However, Frendak refused to use the insanity defense as she felt a hospital was worse than any prison. She attempted suicide, went on hunger strikes and refused medication to underscore her protests. However, she was forced by the court to plead insanity. Thus, in this case a competent defendant was not allowed to reject the use of the insanity defense. Decision On appeal the decision was reversed. The judge may not impose the insanity defense upon an unwilling defendant if an intelligent defendant voluntarily wishes to forgo the defense. The court said that a defendant may feel hospital is worse than prison, that the term of incarceration may be longer, that the stigma and legal consequences of a criminal or an insanity defenses are different. Using the U.S. Supreme Court decisions in North Carolina v. Alford and Faretta v. California, the court concluded that The court listed several disadvantages to choosing the insanity defense, including: an insanity acquittal may increase the period of confinement over a prison sentence better treatment may be received in a prison than a mental hospital the defendant may want to avoid the stigma associated with a mental disorder commitment may result in loss of other rights, such as a driver's license the defendant may regard the crime as a political or religious act The court therefore limited any further competence inquiry to an evaluation of the defendant's specific competency to waive the insanity defense. Significance This decision examines the quality of the defendant's decision. If the defendant appears to be intelligently and voluntarily waiving the insanity defense, the trial court should not deny this. However, the trial court should look into whether the defendant has been properly informed of the effects of their decision as well as the alternatives available to them. Thus the nature of such an evaluation would be similar to a competency to stand trial evaluation. The Frendak rationale, that a judge may not impose an insanity defense over the objections of the defendant, has been used mostly in federal cases. Some states have endorsed less elaborate procedures. For example, if a judge rules that the waiver of the insanity defense is not voluntary and informed, yet nonetheless the defense is imposed over the defendant's objections, then a separate counsel must be appointed to argue issues pertaining to insanity issues, while the defendant's counsel presents the arguments the defendant desires. However, as of 2002, seventeen jurisdictions permitted an insanity defense to be entered over the objections of the defendant. Thus these jurisdictions are, in effect, saying that a defendant who has been found competent to stand", "title": "Frendak v. United States" }, { "docid": "32117241", "text": "J. D. B. v. North Carolina, 564 U.S. 261 (2011), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that age and mental status is relevant when determining police custody for Miranda purposes, overturning its prior ruling from seven years before. J. D. B. was a 13-year-old student enrolled in special education classes whom police had suspected of committing two robberies. A police investigator visited J. D. B. at school, where he was interrogated by the investigator, a uniformed police officer, and school officials. J. D. B. subsequently confessed to his crimes and was convicted. J. D. B. was not given a Miranda warning during the interrogation, nor an opportunity to contact his legal guardian. During the trial, attempts to suppress the statements given by J. D. B. because he was not given a Miranda warning were denied on the grounds that J. D. B. was not in police custody. J. D. B. appealed. The North Carolina Supreme Court held that the Supreme Court's ruling in Yarborough v. Alvarado barred them from determining whether or not he was in custody based on his age. The court determined that a reasonable adult would've felt free to leave; consequently, J. D. B. was not in custody. Thus the court affirmed the ruling of the trial court. J. D. B. appealed, and the U.S. Supreme Court granted certiorari. The U.S. Supreme Court argued that the age and mental status of an individual can take part in the psychological effect that he faces during police interaction. It's nearly exact to the reasoning of the 1970 Kentucky Supreme Court case of Allee v. Commonwealth, which held that the age and mental status of an individual is relevant in determining whether his statements are involuntary. Based on these reasons, the U.S. Supreme Court reversed the North Carolina Supreme Court and remanded for further proceedings. The North Carolina Supreme Court on remand then determined that J. D. B. was in custody, and remanded for further proceedings. Background Miranda warnings A Miranda warning is an explanation of a suspect's rights that must be given by law enforcement before interrogation. It stems from the 1966 Miranda v. Arizona case, and is based primarily on the Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination. If a defendant in custody is not notified of their rights via a Miranda warning, any confession they give may not be admissible in court. If a defendant is not in police custody, however, police are free to question suspects without informing them of their rights, and their statements may still be admissible. Police investigation J. D. B. was a 13-year-old student attending Smith Middle School in Chapel Hill, North Carolina when he was taken out of class by a uniformed police officer and questioned. J. D. B. had been questioned previously by the police when they saw him in the neighborhood where two home break-ins had occurred. After questioning J. D. B. the first time, police learned that a digital camera matching the description", "title": "J. D. B. v. North Carolina" }, { "docid": "216484", "text": "In law, provocation is when a person is considered to have committed a criminal act partly because of a preceding set of events that might cause a reasonable individual to lose self control. This makes them less morally culpable than if the act was premeditated (pre-planned) and done out of pure malice (malice aforethought). It \"affects the quality of the actor's state of mind as an indicator of moral blameworthiness.\" Provocation is often a mitigating factor in sentencing. It rarely serves as a legal defense, meaning it does not stop the defendant from being guilty of the crime. It may however, lead to a lesser punishment. In some common law legal systems, provocation is a \"partial defense\" for murder charges, which can result in the offense being classified as the lesser offense of manslaughter, specifically voluntary manslaughter. Provocation is distinct from self-defense in that self-defense is a legal defense, and refers to a justifiable action to exclusively protect oneself from imminent violence. Definition If a crime is caused by provocation, it is said to be committed in the heat of passion, under an irresistible urge incited by the provoking events, and without being entirely determined by reason. \"'Malice aforethought' implies a mind under the sway of reason, whereas 'passion' whilst it does not imply a dethronement of reason, is the furor brevis, which renders a man deaf to the voice of reason so that, although the act was intentional to death, it was not the result of malignity of heart, but imputable to human infirmity. Passion and malice are, therefore, inconsistent motive powers, and hence an act which proceeds from the one, cannot also proceed from the other.\" (Hannah v. Commonwealth, Supreme Court of Virginia 1929) Establishing Provocation can reduce a murder charge to a voluntary manslaughter charge. Provocation may be defined by statutory law, by common law, or some combination. It is a possible defense for the person provoked, or a possible criminal act by the one who caused the provocation. It may be a defense by excuse or exculpation alleging a sudden or temporary loss of control (a permanent loss of control is regarded as insanity) as a response to another's provocative conduct sufficient to justify an acquittal, a mitigated sentence or a conviction for a lesser charge. Provocation can be a relevant factor in a court's assessment of a defendant's mens rea, intention, or state of mind, at the time of an act which the defendant is accused of. In common law, provocation is established by establishing events that would be \"adequate\" to create a heat of passion in a reasonable person, and by establishing that the heat of passion was created in the accused. History The defense of provocation was first developed in English courts in the 16th and 17th centuries. During that period, a conviction of murder carried a mandatory death sentence. This inspired the need for a lesser offense. At that time, not only was it acceptable, but was socially required that a man", "title": "Provocation (law)" }, { "docid": "2997851", "text": "R v Daviault [1994] 3 S.C.R. 63, is a Supreme Court of Canada decision on the availability of the defence of intoxication for \"general intent\" criminal offences. The Leary rule which eliminated the defence was found unconstitutional in violation of both section 7 and 11(d) of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Instead, intoxication can only be used as a defence where it is so extreme that it is akin to automatism or insanity. Background On May 30, 1989, Henri Daviault, a 73-year-old chronic alcoholic, was asked to get some alcohol for a friend of his wife. The woman was a semi-paralyzed 65-year-old and required a wheelchair. Daviault brought a 40oz of brandy to the woman's house around 6pm. She drank half a glass and then passed out. Daviault drank the rest of the bottle while she slept. Some time in the evening she went to the washroom and was accosted by Daviault who took her into the bedroom and sexually assaulted her. Daviault was arrested and charged for sexual assault. Daviault testified that prior to the event he had drunk over seven beers at a bar, and after drinking some brandy at the woman's house he has no recollection of what had happened until he woke up naked in the woman's bed. At trial, he argued that during his blackout he was in automatism-like state brought about by intoxication. An expert witness in pharmacology testified to the likelihood of the defence, and that having drunk as much as he did there was little chance he could have functioned normally or been aware of his actions. Based on the testimony of the pharmacologist, the trial judge found that Daviault was unable to form a general intent to commit the crime and therefore could be acquitted. The Quebec Court of Appeal overturned the acquittal ruling that intoxication to the point of automatism cannot negate the mens rea requirement for a general intent offence (i.e. offences where mens rea can be implied from the commission of the act). The issue before the Supreme Court was whether \"a state of drunkenness which is so extreme that an accused is in a condition that closely resembles automatism or a disease of the mind as defined in s. 16 of the Criminal Code constitute a basis for defending a crime which requires not a specific but only a general intent?\" The Court held, 6 to 3, that the absence of a defence for a general intent offence on the basis of intoxication akin to insanity or automatism violated section 7 and 11(d) of the Charter, and could not be saved under section 1. They overturned the verdict and ordered a new trial. Reasons of the court The majority was written by Cory J., with L'Heureux-Dubé, McLachlin, and Iacobucci JJ. concurring. Lamer and La Forest JJ. each concurred separately with Cory's results. Cory considered the basis of the Court of Appeal's ruling. The lower court had applied the \"Leary rule\" from Leary v. The Queen", "title": "R v Daviault" }, { "docid": "51910119", "text": "Hendershott v. People, Supreme Court of Colorado, 653 P.2d. 385 (1982), is a criminal case that a defendant who was not excused by being legally insane, might still be exculpated because he lacked a guilty mind (mens rea) due to a mental disease. In Colorado, Lee Roy Hendershott accused a woman he was dating of being with another man, then struck, kicked, and choked her. He was charged with third degree assault in state court. In Colorado, third degree assault was a general intent crime (involving the act being knowingly or recklessly done), not a specific intent crime (in which the crime is intentionally done). Hendershott's defense attorney attempted to introduce evidence that Hendershott suffered from a mental disorder causing impulse control to counter that defendant had a guilty mind (mens rea). The evidence was excluded because of a statute that evidence of mental impairment short of legal insanity may be offered as bearing on capacity to form a specific intent. Defendant was convicted and appealed. The state Supreme Court reversed and remanded. It reasoned that constitutional due process requires the prosecution to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that defendant has a guilty mind (mens rea), and to prove every fact needed to constitute the crime, citing Sandstrom v. Montana and Patterson v. New York. One element is mens rea. Disallowing evidence to rebut a prosecution showing that defendant had the requisite mens rea was an unconstitutional denial of due process. The court distinguished between legislation precluding an affirmative defense, and precluding a rebuttal to showing the element of mens rea. References External links 1982 in United States case law Insanity-related case law Mental health case law in the United States", "title": "Hendershott v. People" }, { "docid": "887015", "text": "The Matrix defense is a legal defense based on the premise of the film franchise The Matrix, in which reality is a computer generation and the real world is different from what reality is popularly perceived to be. A defendant using this defense claims that they committed a crime because they believed that they were in a simulated world (the Matrix), and not in the real world. A defendant could allege they never intended death for their victim because they believed the victim to be alive in the other reality. This is a version of the insanity defense and considered a descendant of the Taxi Driver defense of John Hinckley, one of the first defenses based on blurring reality with films. Regardless of whether the defendant believes that they were living within a simulated world, this defense has been used in cases where the accused were sent to mental-care facilities instead of prisons: Tonda Lynn Ansley of Hamilton, Ohio, was found not guilty by reason of insanity using this defense after shooting her landlady in the head in July 2002. Vadim Mieseges of San Francisco offered a Matrix explanation to police after chopping up his landlady, and was declared mentally incompetent to stand trial. Joshua Cooke's lawyers were going to attempt this defense in 2003 in his trial for the murder of his adoptive parents, before he pleaded guilty. The case of Lee Malvo, who participated in the sniper shootings of 30 victims in 2002, also included references to The Matrix, mentioned in the writings taken from his jail cell. Malvo reportedly shouted \"free yourself from the Matrix\" from his cell after his arrest, and told FBI agents to watch the film if they wanted to understand him. See also Affluenza defense Chewbacca defense King Kong defense Shaggy defense Simulated reality Twinkie defense References Criminal defenses Legal terminology from popular culture Defense", "title": "Matrix defense" }, { "docid": "4478698", "text": "Collateral consequences of criminal conviction are the additional civil state penalties, mandated by statute, that attach to a criminal conviction. They are not part of the direct consequences of criminal conviction, such as prison, fines, or probation. They are the further civil actions by the state that are triggered as a consequence of the conviction. In some jurisdictions, a judge, finding a defendant guilty of a crime, can order that no conviction be recorded, thereby relieving the person of the collateral consequences of a criminal conviction. Introduction If a defendant is found guilty of a crime or pleads guilty, the judge or other sentencing authority imposes a sentence. A sentence can take a number of forms, such as loss of privileges (e.g. driving), house arrest, community service, probation, fines and imprisonment. Collectively, these sentences are referred to as direct consequences – those intended by the judge, and frequently mandated at least in part by an applicable law or statute. However, beyond the terms of the sentence, a defendant can experience additional state actions that are considered by the state to be collateral consequences such as: disenfranchisement (in some countries this may be separately meted out), disentitlement of education loans (for drug charges in the United States), loss of a professional license, or eviction from public housing. These consequences are not imposed directly by the judge, and are beyond the terms of a sentence itself for the actual crime. Instead, they are civil state actions and are referred to as collateral consequences. In most jurisdictions, being charged with a crime can trigger state civil action in the form of an investigation to determine if the charges trigger the civil statutes that attach to the criminal charges. An example would be criminal charges that can trigger deportation, or the revocation of a professional license, such as a medical, nursing, or pharmacist license. Being subject to collateral consequences has been called a form of civil death. A person accused or convicted of a crime may suffer social consequences of a conviction, such as loss of a job and social stigma. These social consequences, whether or not they lead to convictions, can arise in countries where arrests and legal proceedings are matters of public record, thus disseminating the information about the event to the public to the detriment of the accused. Collateral consequences in Australia In general, the collateral consequences of a criminal conviction are similar to those in other countries. A non-citizen who fails the character requirements of the Department of Immigration and Border Protection may: be denied entry or re-entry into Australia, if outside Australia have their visa cancelled, requiring them to leave or to be removed from Australia. Circumstances under which a non-citizen will fail the character test include one or more terms of imprisonment, totalling 12 or more months, whether the imprisonment took place in Australia or overseas. Persons who are serving prison terms may be disqualified to vote. Federally, prisoners 18 years and over serving a full time prison", "title": "Collateral consequences of criminal conviction" }, { "docid": "14739775", "text": "Foucha v. Louisiana, 504 U.S. 71 (1992), was a U.S. Supreme Court case in which the court addressed the criteria for the continued commitment of an individual who had been found not guilty by reason of insanity. The individual remained involuntarily confined on the justification that he was potentially dangerous even though he no longer suffered from the mental illness that served as a basis for his original commitment. Background Petitioner Terry Foucha was charged with aggravated burglary and illegal discharge of a firearm. He burglarized a home after the occupants fled and discharged a firearm in the direction of a law enforcement officer. Initially he was evaluated as incompetent to proceed to trial because he was unable to distinguish right from wrong at the time of the offense. When he later was evaluated as competent, he was tried and found not guilty by reason of insanity. He was committed to East Feliciana State Hospital (LA Maximum Secure) on the grounds that he had a mental illness and was dangerous. Under Louisiana law, a criminal defendant found not guilty by reason of insanity and committed to a psychiatric hospital will remain there until the hospital review committee recommends that he be released. If the review committee recommends release, then the trial court must hold a hearing to determine whether he is dangerous to himself or others. If he is found to be dangerous, he may be returned to the hospital whether or not he is currently mentally ill. The committee met and stated that it could not guarantee that Foucha would not be a danger to himself or others. Therefore, the state court ordered petitioner Foucha to return to the mental institution to which he had been committed, ruling that he was dangerous. The decision was based on a doctor's testimony that, although Foucha had recovered from the drug induced psychosis for which he was committed, he continued to be diagnosed as having an antisocial personality, a condition that is not a mental illness and is not considered treatable. Foucha had been involved in several fights within the facility which doctors felt might indicate he might pose a danger if released. The court stated the burden of proof rested on Foucha to prove that he was not a danger to himself or others. Appeals Foucha petitioned the Court for a writ of certiorari. The State Court of Appeals had denied Foucha's appeal and the Louisiana Supreme Court affirmed, holding, among other things, that per Jones v. United States (1983) Foucha's release was not required. The latter ruled that the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment was not violated by the statutory provision permitting confinement of an insanity acquittee based on dangerousness alone, although dangerousness alone in the absence of a mental illness would not satisfy the standards for a civil commitment. Opinion of the Court The Court ruled that potential dangerousness was not a justification to retain a person found not guilty by reason of insanity if no mental", "title": "Foucha v. Louisiana" }, { "docid": "18717835", "text": "Jones v. United States, 463 U.S. 354 (1983), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the court, for the first time, addressed whether the due process requirement of the Fourteenth Amendment allows defendants, who were found not guilty by reason of insanity (NGRI) of a misdemeanor crime, to be involuntarily confined to a mental institution until such times as they are no longer a danger to themselves or others with few other criteria or procedures limiting the actions of the state. Background Historically, those persons acquitted of a crime by reason of insanity (insanity acquittees) were subjected to commitment procedures to institutions for the \"criminally insane\" with little attention or oversight provided as to what these procedures were. In the early 1970s, the procedures began to be examined legally on constitutional as well as therapeutic grounds. At that time, U.S. state jurisdictions had varying criteria and procedures governing this situation. In some states, insanity acquittees were governed by the same rules and procedures as an individual facing civil commitment. Another group of states, although treating insanity acquittees in a generally similar fashion as the civilly committed, had more stringent criteria governing insanity acquittees; for example, in emergency commitment proceedings in which a civilly committed person may be committed for a maximum of one week, an insanity acquittee may be committed on an emergency basis for 90 days—and then the discharge would take place only after judicial approval. A third group subjected an insanity acquittee to automatic, indefinite commitment, usually with periodic reviews to determine if commitment continued to be necessary. Facts of the case On September 19, 1975, Michael Jones was charged with petit larceny, a misdemeanor, for attempting to steal a jacket from a Washington, D.C. department store. Upon arraignment in the District of Columbia Superior Court, the judge ordered a competency evaluation at St. Elizabeth's Hospital. The competency report to the court was that Jones suffered from paranoid schizophrenia, but that he was competent to proceed to trial. Eventually, Jones plead not guilty by reason of insanity to the misdemeanor offense, which carried a one year maximum sentence; the prosecution did not contest the plea and Jones was automatically committed to St. Elizabeth's for a minimum of 50 days. Upon his first release hearing in May 1976, his request for release was denied. In his second release hearing held in February 1977, his request for either release or civil commitment was also denied, despite the contention of Jones' counsel that his cumulative hospitalization exceeded the maximum penalty of a one year incarceration for the crime. For the government's case, a psychologist from St. Elizabeth's Hospital testified that, in the opinion of the hospital's staff, Jones continued to actively suffer from paranoid schizophrenia and therefore remained a danger to himself and others. Appeals The case was appealed to the District of Columbia Court of Appeals, which affirmed the lower court's decision, although three judges dissented. The case was then appealed to the Supreme Court. Decision The Supreme", "title": "Jones v. United States (1983)" }, { "docid": "26212398", "text": "Insanity in English law is a defence to criminal charges based on the idea that the defendant was unable to understand what he was doing, or, that he was unable to understand that what he was doing was wrong. The defence comes in two forms; where the defendant claims he was insane at the time of the crime, and where the defendant asserts he is insane at the time of trial. In the first situation, the defendant must show that he was either suffering from a disease which damaged the functioning of the mind and led to a defect of reason that prevented him from understanding what he was doing, or that he could not tell that what he was doing was wrong. In the second situation, the test is whether or not the defendant can differentiate between \"guilty\" and \"not guilty\" verdicts, instruct counsel and recognise the charges he is facing. If successful, he is likely to be detained under the Criminal Procedure (Insanity) Act 1964, although judges have a wide discretion as to what to do. Use of insanity as a concept dates from 1324, and its criminal application was used until the late 16th century in an almost identical way. The defence, if successful, either allowed the defendant to return home or led to him being incarcerated until he was granted a royal pardon; after 1542, a defendant who became insane prior to the trial could not be tried for any crime, up to and including high treason. During the 18th century the test to determine insanity became extremely narrow, with defendants required to prove that they could not distinguish between good and evil and that they suffered from a mental disease which made them incapable of understanding the consequences of their actions. The current wording comes from the M'Naghten Rules, based on the trial of Daniel M'Naghten in 1843. The defence of insanity has been subject to intense criticism, particularly from the Butler Committee, which noted that the rules were \"based on too limited a concept of the nature of mental disorder\", highlighting \"the outmoded language of the M'Naghten Rules which gives rise to problems of interpretation\" and that the rules were \"based on the now obsolete belief in the pre-eminent role of reason in controlling social behaviour... [the rules] are not therefore a satisfactory test of criminal responsibility\". The Committee proposed reform of the law in 1975, followed by a draft bill from the Law Commission in 1989; so far, these have both been ignored by successive governments. History The idea of insanity in English law dates from 1324, when the Statute de Praerogativa Regis allowed the King to take the lands of \"idiots and lunatics.\" The early law used various words, including \"idiot\", \"fool\" and \"sot\" to refer to those who had been insane since birth, and \"lunatic\" for those who had later become insane, or were insane with some lucid intervals. In the criminal law, insanity was used as a defence in a", "title": "Insanity in English law" }, { "docid": "317425", "text": "Circumstantial evidence is evidence that relies on an inference to connect it to a conclusion of fact—such as a fingerprint at the scene of a crime. By contrast, direct evidence supports the truth of an assertion directly—i.e., without need for any additional evidence or inference. Overview On its own, circumstantial evidence allows for more than one explanation. Different pieces of circumstantial evidence may be required, so that each corroborates the conclusions drawn from the others. Together, they may more strongly support one particular inference over another. An explanation involving circumstantial evidence becomes more likely once alternative explanations have been ruled out. Circumstantial evidence allows a trier of fact to infer that a fact exists. In criminal law, the inference is made by the trier of fact to support the truth of an assertion (of guilt or absence of guilt). Reasonable doubt is tied into circumstantial evidence as that evidence relies on inference. It was put in place because the circumstantial evidence may not be enough to convict someone fairly. Reasonable doubt is described as the highest standard of proof used in court and means that a juror can find the defendant guilty of the crime to a moral certainty. Even when circumstantial evidence is not sufficient to convict or acquit, it can contribute to other decisions made about the case. Testimony can be direct evidence or it can be circumstantial. For example, a witness saying that she saw a defendant stab a victim is providing direct evidence. By contrast, a witness saying that she saw a defendant enter a house, heard screaming, and saw the defendant leave with a bloody knife is circumstantial evidence. It is the need for inference, and not the obviousness of the fact inferred, that determines whether evidence is circumstantial. Forensic evidence supplied by an expert witness is usually treated as circumstantial evidence. For example, a forensic scientist or forensic engineer may provide results of tests indicating that bullets were fired from a defendant's gun, or that a car was traveling over the speed limit, but not necessarily that the defendant fired the gun or was driving the car. Circumstantial evidence is especially important when there is little or no direct evidence. Civil law Circumstantial evidence is used in civil courts to establish or refute liability. It is usually the most common form of evidence, for example in product liability cases and road traffic accidents. Forensic analysis of skid marks can frequently allow a reconstruction of the accident. By measuring the length of such marks and using dynamic analysis of the car and road conditions at the time of the accident, it may be found that a driver underestimated his or her speed. Circumstantial evidence is also prevalent in attempts to recover damages from alleged tortfeasors. Criminal law Circumstantial evidence is used in criminal courts to establish guilt or innocence through reasoning. With obvious exceptions (immature, incompetent, or mentally ill individuals), most criminals try to avoid generating direct evidence. Hence, the prosecution usually must resort to", "title": "Circumstantial evidence" }, { "docid": "62517605", "text": "Kahler v. Kansas, 589 U.S. ___ (2020), is a case of the United States Supreme Court in which the justices ruled that the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments of the United States Constitution do not require that states adopt the insanity defense in criminal cases that are based on the defendant's ability to recognize right from wrong. It was argued on October 7, 2019 and decided on March 23, 2020. Background Insanity defense The insanity defense is a traditional affirmative defense that dates at least back to English common law. The codification of the M'Naghten rules, which have been referenced in one form or another in US law as well as UK law, indicates that someone may be found not guilty of a crime because of a mental condition which prevents them from either controlling their actions or from knowing whether their actions were right or wrong. Legislative activity In 1995, the state of Kansas passed a law (Kan. Stat. Ann. § 22-3220) which revoked the traditional insanity defense. Defendants could no longer argue that, because of their mental illness, they were incapable of deciding right from wrong. Instead, defendants with mental illness were only permitted to argue that their mental illness prevented them from forming the specific intent (or mens rea) needed to commit the crime. Supreme Court Justice Stephen Breyer described the distinction between the two systems in his dissent in Delling v. Idaho, a case covering the same topic that the Supreme Court declined to hear in 2012: Case One: The defendant, due to insanity, believes that the victim is a wolf. He shoots and kills the victim. Case Two: The defendant, due to insanity, believes that a wolf, a supernatural figure, has ordered him to kill the victim. In Case One, the defendant does not know he has killed a human being, and his insanity negates a mental element necessary to commit the crime. In Case Two, the defendant has intentionally killed a victim whom he knows is a human being; he possesses the necessary mens rea. In both cases the defendant is unable, due to insanity, to appreciate the true quality of his act, and therefore unable to perceive that it is wrong. But … the defendant in Case One could defend the charge by arguing that he lacked the mens rea, whereas the defendant in Case Two would not be able to raise a defense based on his mental illness. As of 2020, at least four other states have passed laws which are conceptually similar to Kansas's: Idaho, Alaska, Utah, and Montana Kahler murder case In late 2009, James Kahler was arrested and charged with four counts of first-degree murder with the murder of four members of his family: his wife, his wife's grandmother, and his two teenage daughters. During his trial, his defense argued that he had mentally 'snapped' following his divorce and job loss. At the time of the murder, they asserted that he suffered from depression and had an obsessive-compulsive, narcissistic, and", "title": "Kahler v. Kansas" } ]	[ "jury", "forensic mental health professionals" ]
train_21970	who made up the third estate in the french revolution	[ { "docid": "48631673", "text": "French emigration from the years 1789 to 1815 refers to the mass movement of citizens from France to neighboring countries, in reaction to the instability and upheaval caused by the French Revolution and the succeeding Napoleonic rule. Although began in 1789 as a peaceful effort led by the Bourgeoisie to increase political equality for the Third Estate (the unprivileged majority of the French people), the Revolution soon turned into a violent, popular movement. To escape political tensions and, mainly during the Reign of Terror, to save their lives, a number of individuals emigrated from France and settled in the neighboring countries (chiefly Great Britain, Austria, and Prussia or other German states), though a few also went to the Americas. Revolution begins When the Estates General convened in May 1789 and aired out their political grievances, many members of each estate found themselves in agreement with the idea that the bulk of France, the Third Estate, was carrying the tax burden without equitable political representation. They even took an oath, the Tennis Court Oath, swearing to pursue their political goals and committing to drafting a constitution which codified equality. Soon, the ideologies of fair and equal treatment by the government and liberation from the old regime diffused throughout France. The first émigrés While Abbé Sièyes and several other men of the first and second estates supported the Third Estate's desire for equality, several members of the clergy and nobility were averse to it. Under the old regime, they were accustomed with a certain quality of living and with the right to pass this life to their children. The Revolution was looking to remove all privilege in an effort to make everyone politically equal, so the first émigrés, or emigrants, were proponents of the old order and chose to leave France although emigration abroad was not prohibited. The summer of 1789 saw the first voluntary émigrés. Many of these émigrés were members of the nobility who migrated out of fear sparked by the Storming of the Bastille in July 1789. Notable émigrés include Madames Adélaïde and Victoire, aunts of King Louis XVI, who on 19 February 1791 started their journey to Rome to live nearer to the Pope. However, their journey was stopped by and largely debated by the National Assembly who feared that their emigration implied that King Louis and his family would soon follow suit. While this fear eventually resulted in the Day of Daggers and later the King's attempt to escape Paris, the Madames were permitted to continue their journey after statesman Jacques-François de Menou joking about the Assembly's preoccupation with the actions of \"two old women\". Upon settling in neighboring countries such as Great Britain, they were able to assimilate well and maintained a certain level of comfort in their new lifestyles. This was a significant emigration; it marked the presence of many royalists outside France where they could be safe, alive, and await their opportunity to reenter the French political climate. But events in France made the", "title": "French emigration (1789–1815)" }, { "docid": "66019445", "text": "The States of Friesland were the sovereign body that governed the province of Friesland under the Dutch Republic. They were formed in 1580 after the former Lordship of Frisia (a part of the Habsburg Netherlands) acceded to the Union of Utrecht and became one of the Seven United Netherlands. The Frisian stadtholder was their \"First Servant\" (mostly in military matters, as he had few other powers before 1748, when the Government Regulations for Friesland were promulgated by then-stadtholder William IV, Prince of Orange). The board of Gedeputeerde Staten (Delegated States) was the executive of the province when the States were not in session (which was most of the time). The States of Friesland were abolished after the Batavian Revolution of 1795 when the Batavian Republic was founded. They were resurrected in name (but not in substance) in the form of the Provincial States of Friesland under the Constitution of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Background After the Lordship of Frisia (formerly enjoying Imperial immediacy in the Holy Roman Empire, but given as a fief to the father of George, Duke of Saxony in 1498 by Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, then still King of the Romans, and sold by duk George to Charles V in 1515), became part of the Habsburg Netherlands, its government followed the general Habsburg model of a stadtholder with a Council (in this case the Court of Friesland). But as in other provinces of the Netherlands a States was periodically convened to send representatives to the States General of the Netherlands to deliberate about the granting of extraordinary subsidies to the central government (called Beden), and as in other provinces the three Estates: Clergy, Nobility, and Third Estate were represented in that body. In Friesland the Third Estate was formed by representatives of the three Goas that made up Friesland: Westergo, Oostergo, and Zevenwouden. These representatives were elected by eigenerfden (comparable to freeholders) who possessed a hornleger (a farmhouse and yard), with a parcel of land attached that was taxed for the verponding or floreen (a land tax that was comparable to the French Taille). The \"electoral districts\" were formed by the 30 Grietenijen into which Friesland was subdivided. Originally the citizens of the eleven cities were mixed in with the peasants and nobles in the grietenijen, but just before the accession of Friesland to the Union of Utrecht in 1580, they were allowed to form a separate fourth \"quarter\", apart from the three Goas just mentioned, by then-stadtholder George de Lalaing, Count of Rennenberg, and have their own representation in the States. After the revolutionary period of the accession to the Union in 1579-1580 the Clergy and Nobility no longer participated in the States, at least as separate Estates. The Gedeputeerde Staten (Delegated States) also predated the Dutch Republic. Already in the 1530s they were formed by the States as a counterweight against the Court of Friesland (then still mainly a kind of Privy council for the stadtholder, and secondarily the court of highest instance", "title": "States of Friesland" }, { "docid": "2861055", "text": "The Estates, also known as the States (, , , Hungarian: Rendek), was the assembly of the representatives of the estates of the realm, the divisions of society in feudal times, called together for purposes of deliberation, legislation or taxation. A meeting of the estates that covered an entire kingdom was called an estates general. Overview The first estate was the clergy, the second the nobility and the third the commoners, although actual membership in the third estate varied from country to country. Bourgeoisie, peasants and people with no estate from birth were separated in Sweden and Finland as late as 1905. Representation through estates was the norm in Europe until the advent of popular representation beginning with the French Revolution. The Estates General of France were convoked only twice between 1614 and 1789, both times during the Fronde (1648–53), and in neither case did they actually meet. At the final meeting of the Estates in 1789, they voted to join in a single National Assembly, generally seen as marking the start of the French Revolution. Estates continued to meet in Navarre until 1828, in Hungary until 1848, in Sweden until 1866, and in the Duchy of Mecklenburg until 1918. In some countries, the parliament kept the same name when its feudal organization was replaced with a more modern kind of representation, like census or universal suffrage. In Sweden, the Riksdag of the Estates was replaced with the Riksdag in 1866. List of estates Convention of the Estates of Scotland Convention of Estates (1689) Council of States (Switzerland) Estates of the Netherlands Antilles Estates of Aruba Estates of Curaçao Estates of Sint Maarten Estates General (France) Estates of Navarre Landstände, the territorial estates within the Holy Roman Empire Estates of Württemberg Parliament of Scotland, a meeting of the three estates of the realm Riksdag of the Estates, the former diet of Sweden Stamenti, the former parliament of Sardinia States of Alderney States of Guernsey States of Election States of Jersey States General of the Batavian Republic States General of the Netherlands States Provincial (France) Estates of Béarn Estates of Brittany Estates of Burgundy Estates of Languedoc States Provincial (Netherlands) States of Brabant States of Drenthe States of Flanders States of Flevoland States of Friesland States of Gelderland States of Groningen States of Holland and West Friesland States of Limburg States of North Brabant States of North Holland States of Overijssel States of South Holland States of Utrecht States of Zeeland Zemsky Sobor References Legislatures", "title": "The Estates" }, { "docid": "58031", "text": "The bourgeoisie ( , ) are a class of business owners and merchants which emerged in the Late Middle Ages, originally as a \"middle class\" between peasantry and aristocracy. They are traditionally contrasted with the proletariat by their wealth, political power, and education, as well as their access to and control of cultural, social and financial capital. The bourgeoisie in its original sense is intimately linked to the political ideology of liberalism and its existence within cities, recognized as such by their urban charters (e.g., municipal charters, town privileges, German town law), so there was no bourgeoisie apart from the citizenry of the cities. Rural peasants came under a different legal system. In communist philosophy, the bourgeoisie is the social class that came to own the means of production during modern industrialization and whose societal concerns are the value of private property and the preservation of capital to ensure the perpetuation of their economic dominance in society. Etymology The Modern French word ( or , ) derived from the Old French or ('town dweller'), which derived from ('market town'), from the Old Frankish ('town'); in other European languages, the etymologic derivations include the Middle English , the Middle Dutch , the German , the Modern English burgess, the Spanish , the Portuguese , and the Polish , which occasionally is synonymous with the intelligentsia. In the 18th century, before the French Revolution (1789–1799), in the French , the masculine and feminine terms and identified the relatively rich men and women who were members of the urban and rural Third Estate – the common people of the French realm, who violently deposed the absolute monarchy of the Bourbon King Louis XVI (r. 1774–1791), his clergy, and his aristocrats in the French Revolution of 1789–1799. Hence, since the 19th century, the term \"bourgeoisie\" usually is politically and sociologically synonymous with the ruling upper class of a capitalist society. In English, the word \"bourgeoisie\", as a term referring to French history, refers to a social class oriented to economic materialism and hedonism, and to upholding the political and economic interests of the capitalist ruling-class. Historically, the medieval French word denoted the inhabitants of the (walled market-towns), the craftsmen, artisans, merchants, and others, who constituted \"the bourgeoisie\". They were the socio-economic class between the peasants and the landlords, between the workers and the owners of the means of production. As the economic managers of the (raw) materials, the goods, and the services, and thus the capital (money) produced by the feudal economy, the term \"bourgeoisie\" evolved to also denote the middle class – the businessmen who accumulated, administered, and controlled the capital that made possible the development of the bourgs into cities. Contemporarily, the terms \"bourgeoisie\" and \"bourgeois\" (noun) identify the \"ruling class\" in capitalist societies, as a social stratum; while \"bourgeois\" (adjective / noun modifier) describes the (worldview) of men and women whose way of thinking is socially and culturally determined by their economic materialism and philistinism, a social identity famously mocked in", "title": "Bourgeoisie" }, { "docid": "402613", "text": "Casimir-Pierre Périer (11 October 1777 16 May 1832) was a prominent French banker, mine owner, political leader and statesman. In business, through his bank in Paris and ownership of the Anzin Coal Co. in the Department of Nord, he contributed significantly to the economic development of France in the early stages of industrialization. In politics, he was a leading liberal member of the Chamber of Deputies throughout the Bourbon Restoration and president of the chamber at the outset of the July Revolution of 1830. He led the liberal-conservative Resistance Party in support of the constitutional monarchy of Louis-Philippe I. He became president of the Council of Ministers and Minister of Interior in the spring of 1831 (13 March 1831 – 16 May 1832). Although his ministry was brief, his strong government succeeded in restoring order at home and keeping peace abroad. He fell victim to the cholera epidemic in France in 1832. Biography Early life Born in Grenoble, Casimir Perier was the fourth of the eight sons of \"Milord\" Claude-Nicolas Perier (1742–1801), the rich merchant-manufacturer and banker who opened his Château de Vizille to the famous meeting of the Estates of Dauphiné (21 July 1788) foreshadowing the French Revolution. His mother was the former Marie-Charlotte Pascal (1749–1821), the daughter of a prominent linens manufacturer at nearby Voiron. Both his father and grandfather (Jacques Perier, 1702–82) made their fortunes in the commerce of canvas and linen cloths. Claude added the manufacture of printed cotton cloths (Indiennes) at the Château de Vizille, which he purchased in 1780 from Gabriel Louis de Neufville, duc de Villeroy. The Revolution and Napoleon opened up new opportunities for families of the wealthy \"bourgeoisie grenobloise\" such as the Periers. Claude Perier shifted the center of his business affairs to Paris, where he took up residence beginning in 1794 (rue Saint-Honoré) and mingled with leading French financiers. In 1795 he invested in and became a director of the largest coal mining company in northern France, the Anzin Company; in 1796 he helped to found a major investment bank in Paris, the Caisse des Comtes Courants; and in 1799, shortly after Napoleon's coup d’état of Brumaire, he became one of the founders and first directors of the famous Bank of France. Claude Perier died on 6 February 1801, leaving his remarkably large family of ten children to share his enormous estate valued at 5,800,000 francs. Casimir, who was twenty-four years old at the time, inherited shares in the Anzin Company, land at Grenoble (Department of Isère) and in common with his brother Scipion, the property in Paris on the rue Saint-Honoré. He'd had little experience in business or banking. His father had anticipated that the three eldest brothers, Augustin, Alexandre and Scipion, would carry on the family businesses at Grenoble/Vizille. Casimir himself gave no clear indication of a specific career choice. He was intelligent, energetic, handsome and eager to succeed, but he had spent his life mostly as a student and received a church-school and Jesuit-tutor classical education. During", "title": "Casimir Pierre Périer" } ]	[ { "docid": "10986679", "text": "Qu'est-ce que le Tiers-État? () is an influential political pamphlet published in January 1789, shortly before the outbreak of the French Revolution, by the French writer and clergyman Abbé Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès (1748–1836). Written during the Assembly of Notables between 6 November and 12 December 1788, it was sent to the printer by 27 December 1788 for publication in the early days of 1789. There were eventually four editions of the text; initially published anonymously as a 127 page pamphlet, Sieyès revealed himself as the author after its third edition in May 1789. The pamphlet was Sieyès' response to finance minister Jacques Necker's invitation for writers to state how they thought the Estates-General should be organised. It was one of the most influential pamphlets of the early revolution: some 300,000 copies were printed, reaching around a million readers, establishing Sieyès as one of the principal leaders of the Estates-General upon its opening in May. In the pamphlet, Sieyès argues that the third estate – the common people of France – constituted a complete nation within itself, providing in the end all the men necessary to man the army, to staff the churches, to administer the law, and every other operation of society. It therefore had no need of the dead weight of the two other orders – the first and second estates of the, respectively, clergy and aristocracy – which Sieyès suggested abolishing. Before all else Sieyès argued for the sovereignty of the nation, unfettered by ancient constitutional niceties, represented by its people and empowered to re-establish the political system. He saw this actualised with genuine representatives in the Estates-General, equal representation to the other two orders taken together, and votes taken by heads and not by orders. Compared to the Federalist Papers for Americans and the Communist Manifesto for socialists in its influence, Sieyès pamphlet was profoundly influential in putting forth the ideas and goals of the French Revolution. Summary The pamphlet begins with three rhetorical questions and Sieyès' responses. The questions and responses are: What is the Third Estate? Everything. What has it been hitherto in the political order? Nothing. What does it desire to be? To become something. Throughout the pamphlet, Sieyès argues that the first and second estates are simply unnecessary, and that the Third Estate is in truth France's only legitimate estate, representing as it does the entire population. Thus, he asserts, it should replace the other two estates entirely. See also Estates of the realm Pluralism (political philosophy) Modernism References Works cited in . Translation of the pamphlet with commentary in notes. External links Political history of the Ancien Régime 1789 non-fiction books Pamphlets of the French Revolution", "title": "What Is the Third Estate?" }, { "docid": "43005282", "text": "The trial of Thomas Paine for seditious libel was held on 18 December 1792 in response to his publication of the second part of the Rights of Man. The government of William Pitt, worried by the possibility that the French Revolution might spread to England, had begun suppressing works that espoused radical philosophies. Paine's work, which advocated the right of the people to overthrow their government, was duly targeted, with a writ for his arrest issued on 21 May. Paine fled to France in September since he had been elected a member of the National Convention in France. He was instead represented in absentia by Thomas Erskine, a noted lawyer and orator who was severely criticised by government supporters in the months leading up to the trial. At the trial, Archibald Macdonald, representing the prosecution, argued that Paine's work served only to inflame the populace and distribute radical ideas to those without the experience to understand them in context. Erskine's reply opened with a defence of the freedom of lawyers to represent whichever clients came to them, and it followed with an exposition of his views on the nature of the freedom of the press that argued that the publication of radical tracts served only to improve the government by highlighting its weaknesses and could not be seditious if published in good faith. Despite Erskine's speech later receiving a rapturous response, Paine was found guilty before Macdonald replied. The verdict was seen by the government as legitimising their repression of radicalism, and paved the way for the 1794 Treason Trials, in which Erskine played a prominent role. Background French Revolution After involving itself in the Seven Years' War and the American Revolutionary War, France found itself financially ruined. Attempts to pass an economic plan to alleviate that in the Estates-General of 1789 led instead to the Third Estate forming the National Assembly. Succeeded, in turn, by the National Constituent Assembly and the Legislative Assembly, the various legislative bodies succeeded in rendering the monarchy constitutional, limited by democratic institutions. Attempts to remove the monarch entirely, although thwarted on 20 June 1792, led to the effective overthrow of Louis XVI on 10 August. On 21 October, France was formally declared a republic. Britain was initially sympathetic to the revolutionaries of France, but the sympathy dissolved with the execution of Louis XVI and was replaced by hostility and a growing schism within the Whigs. While the Foxite branch argued for the Revolution as a source of general liberty, the administration of William Pitt became increasingly repressive, fearing the spread of Jacobinism to the United Kingdom and the overthrow of the government. The split was reflected in the behaviour of the people. While some joined societies dedicated to parliamentary reform, others formed mobs under the banner of \"Church and King\" and attacked the homes of liberals and those who sympathised with the French Revolution, including that of Joseph Priestley. The Association for Preserving Liberty and Property against Republicans and Levellers was formed and served", "title": "Trial of Thomas Paine" }, { "docid": "36178570", "text": "Jean-François Honoré, baron Merlet (26 September 1761 – 16 December 1830) was a French statesman of the French Revolution and French Empire. He was created baron of the Empire 9 September 1810. Biography Born 15 September 1761, close to Doue, department of Maine-et-Loire, eldest son of Jean Merlet (1735–1793) and of Marie Madeleine Grignon de la Guiberdiere (1735–1794). Merlet settled as a lawyer in nearby Saumur and married Marie Magdeleine Clement (1764–1828) on 1 February 1785. They had three children that survived into adulthood. French Revolution He adopted the principles of the Revolution and wrote the cahiers de doléances of the Third Estate of his riding. He wrote against acting in concert with the other two Estates because they lacked the legitimacy of the Third Estate. Merlet was appointed to a series of positions as the National Assembly conducted a massive reorganisation of France's administrative structure. He was a major of the National Guard (July 1789), then named city councillor (of Saumur) and attorney-trustee of the district in the month of June 1790. He was the founder in Saumur of a Society of Friends of the Constitution, which soon after became affiliated to the network of clubs remembered in history as the Jacobins. On 8 September 1791, the electoral college of his home department made him their third (of eleven allotted places) selection to be one of their deputies to the Legislative Assembly. During the sessions of this assembly, he was part of several committees, most notably of Foreign Affairs, and of the Colonies, on which he defended the rights of people of colour, and promoted the cause of abolition of slavery. He became successively secretary, vice-president (26 July) and president (7 August 1792) of this assembly at its most stormy times. His election was likely due to his commitment to the constitution of 1791, but in the face of the growing revolutionary pressures, he helplessly witnessed the collapse of the first constitutional regime of France. When the French Monarchy finally fell (10 August 1792) he did not preside over the session (yielding the bench to Vergniaud), instead taking his place at the side of Louis XVI. During the French Terror Merlet remained in hiding in Saumur and did not fulfill any public roles. After the coup of 9 Thermidor II (27 July 1794) he resumed his activities as a lawyer. He remained a private citizen throughout the régime of the Directory. Consulate and Empire After the coup of 18 Brumaire (9 November 1799), an event to which he showed himself favorable, Merlet was appointed general counsel of Maine-et-Loire (1 June 1800). His political career was resurrected when he was appointed to the prefecture of the Vendée (9 Frimaire IX, or 30 November 1800), a position he accepted despite the difficulties that a country still smoking from the fire of the civil war was to pose to his administration. He held this vital position for eight years. His most important task in Vendée involved the construction of a new chef-lieu", "title": "Jean-François Honoré, baron Merlet" }, { "docid": "60456060", "text": "Charles Alfred Chastel de Boinville (1849 – April 25, 1897) was an Anglo-French architect, who worked in Japan and Britain. His father was a well known clergyman who completed 30 years of missionary service in France, and left several publications on his life such as Thomas Constable's Memoir. Early life His ancestor prospered during the ancien régime in Lorraine, and owned estate named Boinville. His great-grandfather, Jean Baptiste Chastel de Boinville, became much associated with Lafayette in political matters, and served as aide-de-camp under him. When the French Revolution broke out, and the King and Queen were brought from Versailles to Paris, they were escorted by Lafayette, who rode on one side of the carriage, and by De Boinville on the other. Like many other noble unfortunates, Jean Baptiste's estates were confiscated by the Revolutionary Government. He escaped to Britain where he met a wealthy supporter of French emigres, John Collins, a sugar planter in St. Vincent. Jean Baptiste fell in love with a daughter of Collins, Harriet and got married at the Gretna Green. They had a son John Collins Alfred and a daughter Cornelia Pauline Eugenia. After Napoleon seized power, Jean Baptiste returned to France, and lost his life in the Russian Campaign of 1812. Harriet de Boinville and Cornelia were active in fashionable and literary society, and supported Percy Shelley in 1813–1814. Kenneth Cameron, a prominent Shelley scholar, wrote, \"through Mrs. Boinville and the circle centered around her, Shelley made his first living contact with the traditions of the French Revolution. . . . It was his first introduction to a society of intellectual radicalism, a society presided over by a lady of intelligence and charms.” Two sons of John Collins Alfred, Charles Alfred and William tried to restore their old estate, but soon gave up to enter clergy service; Charles Alfred into Protestant missionary in France and William into Anglican Church. Architect deBoinville was born at Lisieux, where his father of same name was pastor, in March 1849. After some years, de Boinville moved to Bar-le-Duc in Lorraine, near the old family home, and subsequently to Cherbourg. He entered the office of William Henry White, who at that time was in practice as an architect in Paris. As soon as the Franco-Prussian war broke out, his family left for London except de Boinville, who was called to serve his country, writing many balloon-post letters to his anxious family in London. He was an officer of the Garde Mobile and served during the defense of Paris during the protracted siege. Shortly after the conclusion of the war, he crossed the Channel in early 1871. Scotland Through his father's connection with Thomas Constable, a publisher in Edinburgh, De Boinville entered the office of Campbell Douglas, an architect in Glasgow as assistant, and stayed in his house for about a year and a half. At that time, Douglas' friend Colin Alexander McVean was in the Civil Service of the Japanese Government, being chief surveyor of the Public Works Department.", "title": "Charles Alfred Chastel de Boinville" }, { "docid": "57911356", "text": "François Louis Jean-Joseph de Laborde (1761-1801) was a French banker, deputy for the Third Estate to the Estates General of 1789 and garden lover. He also bore the name Méréville after his huge estate at château de Méréville in Beauce, acquired by his father under Louis XVI. Life His father was Jean-Joseph de Laborde, one of the richest financiers under Louis XV and Louis XVI, while his mother was Rosalie de Nettine (1737-1820), linked to a family of bankers linked to the Austrian Imperial Court. His brother, Édouard Jean Joseph, was an explorer. He fought in the American Revolutionary War under the command of Rochambeau. He was a cousin of the prince de Poix and thus related, via his sister Nathalie, to La Fayette. He was procurator general and special procurator for his father before living in Saint-Domingue. In 1789, he became a member of the Committee of Thirty, which gathered in the home of Adrien Duport to prepare for the election of the deputies to the Estates General. He was elected deputy of the third estate for Étampes. He entered a relationship with Madamoiselle Cabarrus, who later became the Marquise of Fontenay; she was probably his mistress at the start of the French Revolution. In 1792, he bought part of the Orléans Collection from the Brussels banker Édouard de Walckiers for nearly a million francs before transporting it to London. He made his money by selling all the paintings to Michael Bryan in 1798 for £43,500. He was an associate of the bankers Walter Boyd and William Ker of the banking house Boyd, Ker & Cie, rue de Grammont. Boyd and Ker were involved with politicians, allowing de Laborde to organise the money distribution network during the Revolutionary troubles, which would have a major impact on some members of the French Convention and some of Paris' city administrators. On 10 August 1792, de Laborde joined a secret counter-revolutionary plot with his maternal uncle, Charles Alexandre de Calonne, Louis XVI's former minister. He also made Dominique Joseph Garat minister for the interior, then financed the Exagérés' struggle against the Convention, and finally emigrated to London after March 1793. His father was guillotined, but his mother escaped the same fate. On 6 Messidor Year III, he demanded to be removed from the list of émigrés; his mother tried to help him regularise his situation but failed. He died in London in 1801. Sources « François Louis Jean-Joseph de Laborde de Méréville », dans Adolphe Robert et Gaston Cougny, Dictionnaire des parlementaires français, Edgar Bourloton, 1889-1891 Fiche sur Assemblée nationale References French bankers 1761 births 1801 deaths Members of the National Constituent Assembly (France) French military personnel of the American Revolutionary War", "title": "François Laborde de Méreville" }, { "docid": "3847879", "text": "The Women's March on Versailles, also known as the October March, the October Days or simply the March on Versailles, was one of the earliest and most significant events of the French Revolution. The march began among women in the marketplaces of Paris who, on the morning of 5 October 1789, were nearly rioting over the high price of bread. The unrest quickly became intertwined with the activities of revolutionaries seeking liberal political reforms and a constitutional monarchy for France. The market women and their allies ultimately grew into a crowd of thousands. Encouraged by revolutionary agitators, they ransacked the city armory for weapons and marched on the Palace of Versailles. The crowd besieged the palace and, in a dramatic and violent confrontation, they successfully pressed their demands upon King Louis XVI. The next day, the crowd forced the king and his family to return with them to Paris. Over the next few weeks most of the French Assembly also relocated to the capital. These events ended the king's independence and heralded a new balance of power that would ultimately displace the established, privileged orders of the French nobility in favor of the common people, collectively known as the Third Estate. By bringing together people representing the sources of the Revolution in their largest numbers yet, the march on Versailles proved to be a defining moment of the Revolution. Background Following poor harvests, the deregulation of the grain market in 1774 implemented by Turgot, Louis XVI's Controller-General of Finances was a main cause of the famine which led to the Flour War in 1775. At the end of the Ancien Régime, the fear of famine was ever-present for the lower strata of the Third Estate, and rumors of the \"Pacte de Famine\", ostensibly concluded to starve the poor, were rampant and readily believed. Mere rumors of food shortages led to the Réveillon riots in April 1789. Rumors of a plot to destroy wheat crops in order to starve the population provoked the Great Fear in the summer of 1789. When the October journées took place, France's revolutionary decade, 1789–1799, had only just begun. The storming of the Bastille had occurred less than three months earlier, but the Revolution's capacity for violence was not yet fully realized. Flush with their newly discovered power, the common citizens of France – particularly in Paris – began to participate in politics and government. The poorest among them focused almost exclusively on the issue of food: most workers spent nearly half their income on bread. In the post-Bastille period, price inflation and severe shortages in Paris were commonplace, as were local incidents of violence in the marketplaces. The king's court and the deputies of the National Constituent Assembly resided comfortably in the royal city of Versailles, where they were considering momentous changes to the French political system. Reformist deputies had managed to pass sweeping legislation in the weeks after the Bastille's fall, including the revolutionary August Decrees (which formally abolished most noble and clerical privileges)", "title": "Women's March on Versailles" }, { "docid": "42506725", "text": "Christophe André Jean de Chabrol de Crouzol (16 November 1771 – 7 October 1836) was a French politician who served in the administration of Napoleon, then adhered to the Bourbon Restoration in 1814. As Prefect of Rhône he acquiesced in brutal reprisals in 1817 against former supporters of Bonaparte. He was an elected deputy from 1820 to 1822, then was made a peer of France. He served as Minister of the Navy (1824–29) and as Minister of Finance (1829–30). Chabrol resigned before the July Revolution of 1830, unwilling to remain associated with the increasingly repressive government, but remained a supporter of the Bourbon monarchy. Family Chabrol came from a notable bourgeois family from Auvergne. His great grandfather Jacques Chabrol (1649-1732) was a Protestant who converted to Catholicism in 1682 and was king's advocate in Riom. His grandfather Guillaume Michel de Chabrol (1714-1792) was king's counsel in Riom, a jurist and author of works on the customs and history of Auvergne. He made a large fortune and became an extensive landowner. He was knighted by Louis XV in 1767 and made a Counselor of State in 1782. His father Gaspard-Claude-François de Chabrol (1740-1816) served as an officer in the Dragoons, then joined the judiciary. His mother was Madelaine-Daisy Vissaguet. They married in 1766. Early career Christophe André Jean de Chabrol de Crouzol was born in Riom, Puy-de-Dôme, on 16 November 1771, the second son of five sons and one daughter. He was destined to become a priest, and was raised in the congregation of the Oratorians. His father became involved in politics, and in 1789 was elected a deputy representing the nobility of Auvergne Third Estate in the Estates General, voting with the right and against the constitution of 1791. During the French Revolution Christophe de Chabrol refused to take the oath on the civil constitution of the clergy, and left the priesthood. His father also became a suspect during the Terror, and the family was imprisoned. They were not released until 1795. The titular king Louis XVIII made Gaspard de Chabrol a hereditary count. On 25 Thermidor Year XI (August 1803) Christophe de Chabrol became an auditor of the Council of State. On 11 August 1808 he was made a Knight of the Empire. In 1809 he was appointed Master of Requests (maître des requêtes). He was sent to Tuscany as a member of the commission for liquidating the debts of that country. He was promoted Count of the Empire on 9 March 1810. In March 1811 he was appointed President of the Chamber at the imperial court in Paris. On 16 August 1811 he was appointed Quartermaster General of the Illyrian Provinces. In August 1813 Chabrol returned to Paris when the Austrian army advanced on Ljubljana. Bourbon Restoration In 1814 Chabrol supported the first Bourbon Restoration. He was appointed to the Finance section of the Council of State on 5 July 1814, and then to the prefecture of the Rhône on 22 November 1814. When he heard of the", "title": "Christophe de Chabrol de Crouzol" }, { "docid": "10065624", "text": "The Cahiers de doléances (; or simply Cahiers as they were often known) were the lists of grievances drawn up by each of the three Estates in France, between January and April 1789, the year in which the French Revolution began. Their compilation was ordered by Louis XVI, who had convened the Estates General of 1789 to manage the revolutionary situation, to give each of the Estates – the First Estate (the clergy), the Second Estate (the nobility) and the Third Estate, which consisted of everyone else, including the urban working class, the rural peasantry, and middle class and professional people, who were the only ones in the group likely to have their voices heard – the chance to express their hopes and grievances directly to the King. They were explicitly discussed at a special meeting of the Estates-General held on 5 May 1789. Many of these lists have survived and provide considerable information about the state of the country on the eve of the revolution. The documents recorded criticisms of government waste, indirect taxes, church taxes and corruption, and the hunting rights of the aristocracy. While the cahiers conveyed the grievances of common people, they were not meant to directly challenge the Ancien Régime. They were instead suggestions of reforms. Still, the writing of the cahiers forced the people of France to think about the problems that France faced, and how they wanted them fixed. The political discussions that raged throughout France were a direct challenge to the current system, as they gave the people a voice, and subsequently the cahiers were used to guide the elected representatives in what to discuss at the Estates General. In essence, they added greatly to a revolutionary air of expectation of the Estates General. Cahiers of the First Estate The Cahiers of the First Estate reflected the interests of the parish clergy. They called for an end to bishops holding more than one diocese, and demanded those who were not noble be able to become bishops. In return they were prepared to give up the financial privileges of the Church. They were not, however, prepared to give up the dominant position that the Church held over the other two Estates. They did not intend to allow Protestants to practice religion, and under the revocation of the Edict of Nantes by King Louis XIV, wanted to keep Roman Catholicism the only official religion in France. In the upper clergy, their cahiers focused on the retainment of their power, while the lower clergy had an opinion more closely connected to commoners. Cahiers of the Second Estate Among the three Estates, the Second Estate's cahiers were possibly the most surprising. Many of them proved to be quite liberal in their opinions, 89% voting that they were willing to give up their financial privileges. Although they had, until then, opposed the idea of commoners entering their ranks (as shown by the Segur Ordinance), they finally accepted the fact that merit, as much as hereditary status, should", "title": "Cahiers de doléances" }, { "docid": "861919", "text": "During the French Revolution, the National Assembly abolished the traditional structure of the Catholic Church in France and reorganized it as an institution within the structure of the new French government through the Civil Constitution of the Clergy. One of the new requirements placed upon all clergy was the necessity of an oath of loyalty to the State before all foreign influences such as the Pope. This created a schism within the French clergy, with those taking the oath known as , and those refusing the oath known as non-juring clergy or refractory clergy. Background In the centuries preceding the French Revolution, the Church had functioned as an autonomous entity within France. It controlled roughly 10% of all French land, levied mandatory tithes upon the populace, and collected revenues from its estates, all of which contributed to the Church's total income, which it was not obliged to disclose to the state. Under the ancien regime, France was divided into three Estates, and the clergy occupied the First Estate, with the aristocracy comprising the Second Estate, and the commoners the Third Estate. As one of the first two privileged Estates, the Church was exempt from taxation, although every five years the Assembly of the Clergy met and arranged a don gratuit (free gift) to be given to the King on behalf of the Church. Over the course of the 18th century, France fell into deeper and deeper financial crisis. On multiple occasions, the state attempted to revoke the Church's tax-free status in order to tap into its significant financial resources, with official declarations calling for formal surveys of the Church's wealth and subsequent taxations being levied in 1749 and 1780. Both were successfully rebuffed by the Church, whose infrastructure, organization, man-power, and influence were still powerful in France. Nonetheless, these events show that a desire to check the power and privileges of the Church was gaining momentum before the Revolution erupted. During the French Revolution In an attempt to find a peaceful resolution to mounting popular unrest and calls for reform, King Louis XVI first convened the Assembly of Notables in 1787 and then revived the Estates-General in 1789. During the 1787 Assembly, clerical representatives strongly opposed any reforms directed towards the Church, but by the meeting of the Estates-General, internal divisions began to form. Bishops and other ‘high clergy’ (who were often of noble stock) generally allied with the Second Estate in the preservation of their traditional privileges. However, many parish priests and other ‘low clergy’ sided with the Third Estate, representing their own class and the class of their flocks. Things began to change quickly in 1789. On August 4, the newly assembled National Assembly drafted the ‘Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen,’ and over the next year completely dismantled French society and began to rebuild it from the ground up. Part of this included confiscating Church property and transferring ownership to the state. By June 1790 the Assembly had officially abolished the nobility, and", "title": "Refractory clergy" }, { "docid": "50361329", "text": "Elysée Loustallot (December 25, 1761 – September 19, 1790) was a French lawyer, journalist, and editor of the Revolutions of Paris during the French Revolution. He is remembered as one of the major Parisian opinion journalists during the era of the National Assembly and subsequent National Constituent Assembly. A fervent republican, his journalistic writings were anti-royalist in tone and bourgeois in sympathy. As a student trained in philosophy and the French Enlightenment, Loustallot is generally considered by historians to have been a principal proponent of revolution, while cautioning its readership against violence and ideological extremism. This is notably in contrast to the opinion journalism of Jean-Paul Marat's proletariat appeal to the sans-culottes. On the one hand, Loustallot writing articulates the need to reconcile the legitimacy of the Third Estate's call for less taxation and more civil rights, with the necessity of keeping in check the superstition, ignorance, and error of the Parisian masses underpinning the revolutionary fervor of the Third Estate. In particular, Loustallot wrote extensively on issues of social and economic justice, including the price of bread and the unaffordability of foodstuffs and basic staples. He died from illness at the age of 28. Early life Loustallot was a member of a Protestant family native to Guyenne, France. He was born into a wealthy bourgeois family, as the son of d'Elisee Loustallot, a lawyer in Saint-Jean-d'Angely, and Marie-Marguerite-Louise Caffin. The family traces it origins in Saint Jean d'Angely for nearly two centuries, where a number of Loustallot's ancestors served as prosecutors or lawyers in the Seneschal. Loustallot studied the humanities in a college run by the Benedictines. In 1778, he studied philosophy and physics at Poitiers, where he defended a thesis in philosophy. In 1780, he attended law school for three years in Bordeaux. He graduated on February 5, 1783, becoming a lawyer in Saint Jean d'Angely, like his father. However, he left a year later for Bordeaux, settling into the city on January 22, 1784. Having attacked the Seneschal of his hometown, Loustallot was suspended for six months by the Parliament of Bordeaux. In early 1787, he moved to Paris, where he wrote anonymous pamphlets and translations. Revolutions of Paris Loustallot left Bourdeaux and arrived in Paris in 1787. The year 1788 marked the largest crop failure in France in the 18th century, exacerbating pre-existing tensions. During this time, Loustallot worked in the authorship and translation of pamphlets. On June 17, 1789, the Third Estate voted in the Hotel des Menus Plaisirs 490-90 to form the National Constituent Assembly. This act is taken to mark the political birth of the French Revolution. Shortly thereafter, J. L. Prudhomme founded and financed the Revolutions of Paris, where Loustallot joined as the founding editor and a major author. Loustallot's Revolutions of Paris printed its inaugural issue on July 17, 1789, three days after the sans-culotte rebels succeeded in storming the Bastille. In its first fourteen months of publication, he personally wrote the first sixty issues of the newspaper. In 1790, with", "title": "Elysée Loustallot" }, { "docid": "2970113", "text": "Emmanuel Henri Louis Alexandre de Launay, comte d'Antraigues (25 December 1753 – 22 July 1812) was a French pamphleteer, diplomat, spy and political adventurer during the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars. Early life At the age of 14, d'Antraigues joined the army. Initially a member of the Garde du Corps at the Palace of Versailles, he eventually became a captain of the Royal Piedmont Cavalry Regiment. Increasingly, though, he became dissatisfied with army life as he became acquainted with several of the leading lights of the Age of Enlightenment. In 1770, he met Jean-Jacques Rousseau and struck up a relationship with him that lasted until Rousseau's death. Later, in 1776, he spent several months at Ferney with Voltaire. Imbued with the democratic ideals of these mentors, d'Antraigues happily resigned his military post in 1778. Soon afterward, he accompanied his uncle, François-Emmanuel Guignard, comte de Saint-Priest, the French ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, to Constantinople. Later that year, he made an excursion to see Egypt. In 1779, he began his trip home, visiting the cities of Warsaw, Kraków and Vienna. On his return to Paris, he entered the circles of philosophes and artists, where he became friendly with the future revolutionaries Nicolas Chamfort and Mirabeau. French Revolution Initially a firm supporter of the French Revolution, d'Antraigues published a Mémoire sur les Etats Généraux (\"Dissertation on the Estates-General\") in 1788. In it, he was one of the first to identify the Third Estate as \"the nation\". In a famous passage, he wrote: \"The Third Estate is the People and the People is the foundation of the State; it is in fact the State itself... It is in the People that all national power resides and it is for the People that all states exist.\" In 1789, he was elected as a deputy to the Estates-General by the noblesse of Vivarais. Although he opposed the creation of the National Assembly, he took the Tennis Court Oath, and subsequently joined the National Constituent Assembly. Later, however, he abandoned his revolutionary principles when Versailles was stormed by an angry mob from Paris on 5 October 1789. Horrified at the near death of Queen Marie Antoinette, whom it was rumored he had unsuccessfully tried to seduce years earlier, he suddenly changed his vision completely, becoming a defender of the Bourbon Monarchy. He soon became part of a plot by the Marquis de Favras to help the royal family escape from the Tuileries Palace in Paris where they had been forced to move by the mob that had attacked Versailles. In December, Favras was arrested, and d'Antraigues was exposed. In February 1790, after Favras had been executed, d'Antraigues fled France and became an émigré. Diplomat, conspirator, and spy He first escaped to Lausanne, Switzerland where he was quickly followed by his mistress, Madame de Saint-Huberty, one of Marie Antoinette's favorite opera singers. They soon married and moved to Italy where a son was born. In the Republic of Venice, he became an attaché to the Spanish embassy,", "title": "Louis-Alexandre de Launay, comte d'Antraigues" }, { "docid": "3473743", "text": "The Réveillon riots between 26 and 29 April 1789 centered in the St. Antoine district of Paris where a factory which produced luxury wallpaper was owned by Jean-Baptiste Réveillon. The factory employed around 300 people. The factory where the riot took place was unusual in pre-revolutionary France as the factory was guild-free in an era where guilds controlled quality standards. Protests began after rumors spread that the owner had made a speech stating that workers, many of whom were highly skilled, were to be paid lower wages and, as a result, there would be lower prices. Workers were concerned with food shortages, high unemployment, and low wages after a difficult winter in 1788. However, Réveillon was known for his benevolence towards the poor and actually stated that bread prices should be brought down to those that people could afford (below 15 sous a day) but his comments were misinterpreted as wage restrictions. He made the comments on 21 April when the assembly of the Saint-Marguerite was discussing its Cahier which all Estates drew up before the Estates-General was to be called. After informal protests on Sunday 26 April, groups of protesters congregated on the Île de la Cité and in the , Marais, and Faubourg Saint-Antoine the next day for a series of protest-marches. Though the first three marches - one of which targeted the Third Estate's Assembly of Electors - were resolved peacefully, confrontations between troops and participants in the fourth demonstration led to the outbreak of violence in the Faubourg Saint-Antoine that evening. While the protesters did not manage to destroy the factory, which was being guarded by a group of around fifty troops, a factory owned by the saltpetre manufacturer Henriot was destroyed after he made similar comments. However Réveillon's factory was destroyed a day later as was his home. The riot killed 25 people and wounded around the same number although rumour caused the casualty figures to be exaggerated. The French Guard were used to restore order. On the fantasy/crime drama Grimm, the Réveillon riots were noted in the fifth season in the episode Wesen Nacht to have been wesen-on-wesen violence. See also List of food riots Estates General of 1789 Cahiers de doléances References 'The Oxford History of the French Revolution' by William Doyle Micah Alpaugh, \"The Politics of Escalation in French Revolutionary Protest: Political Demonstrations, Nonviolence and Violence in the Grandes journées of 1789,\" French History 23, no. 3 (Fall 2009), 336–359. External links An eyewitness account of the riot 1789 events of the French Revolution Food riots 1789 riots 1780s in Paris Labor disputes in France 18th-century scandals", "title": "Réveillon riots" }, { "docid": "3764671", "text": "Château Prieuré-Lichine, previously Château Le Prieuré and Château Prieuré-Cantenac, is a winery in the Margaux appellation of the Bordeaux region of France, in the commune of Cantenac. The wine produced here was classified as one of ten Quatrièmes Crus (Fourth Growths) in the historic Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855. The Château produces a second wine under the label Château de Clairefont (also called Confidences de Prieuré-Lichine since 2008), and a Haut-Médoc, Le Clocher du Prieuré. History Originally a priory of Benedictine monks who cultivated grapes for service at dinner and at religious ceremonies, practices gradually evolved by the 18th century to establish sales of the wine under the name Le Prieuré de Cantenac. As a consequence of the French Revolution, the property was seized, divided and sold in 1789 to several surrounding estates, including Château Palmer. A portion was bought by Monsieur Pagès who passed on the estate to his widow, when due to its reputation and broker prices received a fourth growth classification in 1855. Several changes in ownership resulted in changes to the name, such as Le Prieuré and Prieuré-Cantenac, and when the late wine writer and authority Alexis Lichine arrived to buy the estate it consisted of 11 hectares of neglected vines. Alexis Lichine bought the vineyard in 1951 (shortly after having purchased the Margaux estate Château Lascombes with a consortium) and work began to group and reconstitute the property on the ideal slightly-rising ground. With the money he was garnering from the import business and a few partners, Alexis Lichine bought the Prieure for £11,000, at the time about $16,000. In 1953, with the help of Count Lur-Saluces of Château d'Yquem, Lichine renamed the Prieuré to Château Prieuré-Lichine. With the estate renamed in 1953, the following year Cantenac wineries were entitled to use the appellation of Margaux. Sacrificing quantity for quality, trades in portions of desirable land at a loss of two to one were made with third growth neighbours Palmer, Ferrière, Kirwan, Giscours, Issan, Boyd-Cantenac and second growth neighbours Durfort-Vivens and Brane-Cantenac, adding up to of vineyards by the mid-1960s. With an aim to produce a wine well beyond its classification, Lichine undertook extensive replanting, repairs and investments and brought in oenologists Emile Peynaud and Patrick Léon to advise on vat selection. By the 1970s the estate amounted to 58 hectares dispersed across the communes Cantenac and Margaux. After Lichine's death in 1989, the estate was run by his son Sacha for several years, with oenologist Michel Rolland acting as consultant, until the estate was sold to the Groupe Ballande in 1999, for $28.8 million. The winery currently employs Stéphane Derenoncourt as its consulting oenologist. The vineyard The soils of Château Prieuré-Lichine are essentially made up of gravel deposited by the river during successive glacial floods in the Quaternary era. Streams resulting from the floods then cut up these sedimentary soils into well drained mounds, which today look out over the Gironde estuary. Production Château Prieuré-Lichine currently consists of about planted with 50% Cabernet", "title": "Château Prieuré-Lichine" }, { "docid": "2522387", "text": "Armand-Gaston Camus (2 April 17402 November 1804), French revolutionist, was a successful lawyer and advocate before the French Revolution. He was the son of Pierre Camus, a lawyer in the Parlement of Paris. Camus is considered the founder of the Archives Nationales, as in 1789 he was appointed as archivist of its predecessor, the Commission des archives of the Assembly (Estates-General). He served in this role until his death. French Revolution In 1789 Camus was elected by the Third Estate of Paris to the Estates-General; he attracted attention by his speeches against social inequalities. He was one of the National Assembly's earliest presidents (28 October11 November 1789), and he was the most frequent speaker: no one addressed the Assembly more times than he did (more than 600 times); d'André is second at 497, and le Chapelier third at 447. Camus was so frequently called upon to speak mostly because of his expertise in canon law. Camus was appointed on 14 August 1789 as archivist to the Commission des archives of the Assembly; the commission was the immediate precursor to the Archives Nationales. He would retain these functions until his death. He helped to write and voted for the Civil Constitution of the Clergy, worked to end the practice of paying annates to the papacy, and promoted the annexation of the Vaucluse by France. On 30 July 1791, he obtained the abolition of titles of nobility. Elected to the National Convention by the département of Haute-Loire, he was on a mission outside Paris during the judgment of Louis XVI. But, he wrote on 13 January 1793 that he voted for \"death without appeal and without reprieve\". On his return, Camus was sent to Belgium as one of five commissioners of the convention, to the Armée du Nord commanded by General C. F. Dumouriez. The general was in an extremely precarious position, and was suspected of plotting to betray the Revolution. The suspicions were confirmed when Dumouriez delivered Camus with his colleagues to the Austrians (3 April 1793). After thirty-three months of captivity, Camus was exchanged for Marie Thérèse of France in November 1795. He played an inconspicuous role in the Council of Five Hundred, refusing positions in the Ministry of Finance or of Police. He was restored to the office of archivist in 1796 and became absorbed in literary work. He remained an austere republican, refusing to take part in the Napoleonic régime. External links Online, full-text versions of pamphlets written by Armand-Gaston Camus, Ball State University Digital Media Repository References 1740 births 1804 deaths French archivists Jansenists French revolutionaries Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery", "title": "Armand-Gaston Camus" }, { "docid": "21963487", "text": "The French Revolution was a period of social radial and political society in France from 1789 to 1799, including the creation of a constitutional monarchy, the Reign of Terror, execution of Louis XVI and the proclamation of the French First Republic. French Revolution or La Révolution Française may also refer to: Events in France France has seen a number of revolutions that can be classified into three groups: Four French revolutions that brought a change in political regime: The first French revolution, also called \"Great Revolution\" or simply \"French Revolution\", refers to a period of bourgeois revolution history that replaces the absolutism of the Old Regime and, after the constitutional monarchy, establishes the First Republic. This period usually ranges from the opening of the Estates General on May 5, 1789, to the Coup d'état of Bonaparte on Brumaire 18, Year VIII (November 9, 1799); The second French revolution, also called \"July Revolution\", refers to the three revolutionary days of July 27, 28 and 29 of 1830, nicknamed \"The Three Glorious\"; they replaced the Second Restauration by the July Monarchy, during which the king Charles X would be overthrown and replaced with his cousin Louis Philippe; The third French revolution, also called \"February revolution\", refers to the four revolutionary days from February 22 to February 25, 1848, during which would be put an end to the July Monarchy and would be proclaimed the Second Republic; The fourth French Revolution refers to the events of September 4, 1870, day on which both the populations of Paris and Lyon, faced with a hesitant Parliament (Corps Législatif), replaced the Second Empire with the Third Republic. Other events, referred to as revolutions or revolutionary days, that caused a popular uprising among the French: The \"parliamentary revolution\" of 1787, supported by the Parisian riots and prelude to the Convocation of the Estates General of 1789; The second revolution, prelude to the proclamation of the First Republic; The unsuccessful June Revolution, from the 22 of June 1848 to the 26, as a response to the closure of the National Workshops; The unsuccessful Paris Commune, the last of the great revolutionary events of the French nineteenth century, which began with the uprising of March 18, 1871, followed or preceded by insurrectionary communes, such as those of Lyon, Marseille, Saint-Étienne, Narbonne, Toulouse, Bordeaux, Algiers and Montereau, and ended in Paris on May 8, 1871. Other revolutionary days that marked a popular Parisian insurrection: The days of October 5 and 6, 1789, which led to the definitive return of the king and his family to Paris; The unsuccessful demonstration of June 20, 1792, during which the Parisian population invaded the Tuileries Palace; The insurrection of May 31 and June 2, 1793, which caused the fall of the Girondists, under the pressure of the people of Paris; The unsuccessful revolt of Prairial 1, Year III (May 20, 1795), whose failure put an end to the project of restoration of a revolution government dominated by the Montagnards; The unsuccessful June Rebellion, during", "title": "French Revolution (disambiguation)" }, { "docid": "753785", "text": "The French Revolution was a period in the history of France covering the years 1789 to 1799, in which Republicans overthrew the Bourbon monarchy and the Roman Catholic Church perforce underwent radical restructuring. This article covers a period of time slightly longer than a year, from 14 July 1790, the first anniversary of the storming of the Bastille, to the establishment of the Legislative Assembly on 1 October 1791. This article is a continuation of the abolition of feudalism in France, which covers the period of the Revolution from the abolition of feudalism to the Civil Constitution of the Clergy. Please see that article for background and historical context. From the anniversary of the Bastille to the death of Mirabeau The anniversary of the Bastille The National Constituent Assembly declared a celebration for 14 July 1790 on the Champ de Mars. By way of prelude to this patriotic fête, on 20 June, the Assembly, at the urging of the popular members of the nobility, abolished all titles, armorial bearings, liveries and orders of knighthood, destroying the symbolic paraphernalia of the ancien régime. This further alienated the more conservative nobles, and added to the ranks of the émigrés. On the 14th, Talleyrand performed a mass; participants swore an oath of \"fidelity to the nation, the law, and the king\"; the king and the royal family actively participated in the celebrations, which went on for several days. The Constituent Assembly continues The members of the Estates-General had originally been elected to serve for a single year. By the Tennis Court Oath, the communes (representatives of the Third Estate) had bound themselves to meet continuously until France had a constitution, a goal which had not yet been achieved in the course of a year. Right-wing elements, such as the abbé Jean-Sifrein Maury, argued for a new election—by each of the three estates, separately—hoping that the events of the last year would encourage far more conservative representatives of at least the first two estates. Isaac le Chapelier described this at the time as \"the hope of those who wish to see liberty and the constitution perish.\" Maury responded by characterizing the effort to avoid an election as \"calculated to limit the rights of the people over their representatives.\" However, Mirabeau carried the day, asserting that the status of the Assembly had fundamentally changed, and that no new election would take place before completing the constitution: \"It is asked how long the deputies of the people have been a national convention? I answer, from the day when, finding the door of their session-house surrounded by soldiers, they went and assembled where they could, and swore to perish rather than betray or abandon the rights of the nation... Whatever powers we may have exercised, our efforts and labours have rendered them legitimate...\" Intrigues In late 1790, several small counter-revolutionary uprisings broke out and efforts took place to turn all or part of the army against the revolution. These uniformly failed. The court, in Mignet's words \"encouraged", "title": "French Revolution from the summer of 1790 to the establishment of the Legislative Assembly" }, { "docid": "36909258", "text": "The Ségur Ordinance of 1781 was a French law that required French officer candidates to produce proof of having at least four generations of nobility. It is named after Philippe Henri de Ségur, the French minister of war at the time, although he advised against it. Officially called RÉGLEMENT portant que nul ne pourra être proposé à des sous - lieutenances s'il n'a fait preuve de quatre générations de noblesse (i.e. Regulation concerning that no one shall be proposed for a sub-lieutenancy if he has not provided proof of four generations of nobility), the ordinance was approved by Louis XVI on May 22, 1781. The edict required all officer candidates in the french (i.e. non-foreign) infantry, cavalry and dragoons to prove four degrees of nobility in their patrilineal line. Alternatively, one had to be the son of an officer who held the Cross of Saint-Louis. From then on it became nearly impossible for wealthy commoners or rich Nobles of the Robe to begin military service in one of the said branches of service directly as an officer (e.g., by purchasing an officer's certificate). Now, they had to rise through the ranks to gain a lieutenancy, like all low-born commoners (roturiers). That hard, uncertain slog took regularly one or two decades. For example, a commoner starting a military career between 14 and 18 years of age usually could not attain the rank of Second Lieutenant until his late-twenties to mid-thirties. Further promotions to a field or general rank became correspondingly difficult or even impossible. In 1784, the provisions were extended to the hussars, mounted chasseurs, and the so-called foreign regiments (Régiments étrangers) of infantry, which had in fact long been predominantly French. The artillery and engineers remained excluded. Background Preceding the French Revolution, French society had long been split into three \"Estates\". The First Estate contained members of the clergy, the Second Estate the French nobility, and the Third Estate the rest of the population. The Second Estate was divided into two subsets: the nobility of the sword and the nobility of the robe. The sword, or court, nobility consisted of traditional French nobles who had hereditary connections to chivalric nobility of the Middle Ages. During the 18th century, their income was fairly static, consisting of profits from agrarian holdings and benefits from military commissions. These traditional nobles dominated the French court and considered advancement in the French Army as the highest form of aristocratic achievement. By contrast, the robe, or civic, nobility were French financiers, merchants, and real estate moguls who achieved political power through monetary advancement. Their status was newly gained relative to that of the sword nobility, often owing their position to personal success and/or intermediate family connections. They did not have the ornate genealogy of the court nobility. The chivalric ideology of the established sword nobles naturally clashed with the presence of newer civic nobles who often lent their status to the payouts of high interest loans made to the French government. As civic nobility established generational", "title": "Ségur Ordinance" }, { "docid": "48997723", "text": "Charles-Grégoire, the Marquis of Beauchamps (25 July 1731 – 5 May 1817) was a French military general and politician. During the run up to the French Revolution, he sat as a Second Estate member of the Estates-General in the summer of 1789. Life Charles-Grégoire was born and baptised at Cherbonnières, roughly 19 km (13 miles) to the east of Saint-Jean-d'Angély, between Poitiers and Bordeaux in rural western France. He was a younger son of Henri-Charles de Beauchamps (1701-1777), lord of the manor at Cherbonnières. His mother, Madeleine-Dorothée de Lescours, was probably also of aristocratic provenance. He embarked on his military career late in 1757 when he took part in the disastrous (for France) Battle of Rossbach, receiving but surviving fourteen injuries, and retaining his \"colours\", albeit in a badly shredded condition. He was awarded the Cross of St Louis for his valour and progressed with a military career that took him, eventually, to the rank of a Maréchal de camp. In April 1789, with the government in financial crisis, the Estates General was summoned for the first time since 1614 in order to come up with ideas for solving the government's cash shortage. As matters turned out, delegates arrived with their own agendas and the French Revolution broke out a couple of months later. The parliament was divided into three classes (estates): Church, Nobility and Commoners. The Marquis of Beauchamps, by now a cavalry colonel, had been elected in March to the Second Estate and proved a passionate supporter of the threatened Ancien Régime. Mindful that his skills were better suited to fighting with a sword than with words, he persuaded his friend Michel-Louis-Étienne Regnaud de Saint-Jean d'Angély to present a powerful protest on his behalf against the actions of the States General, which d'Angély duly did, even though Beauchamps's conservative views were contrary to his own position. The early years of the French Revolution found the Marquis of Beauchamps on the wrong side of events, and he emigrated to Liège where he had property and family connections. His wife was the sister of one mayor of that city and had been the widow of another. However, as the Revolutionary Army rolled across into what later became Belgium his estates in Liège were confiscated and he was driven into a remoter exile, staying with the Duke of Brunswick who was another (more distant) relative. By 1802 much of the earlier revolutionary savagery had been diverted into a more conventional war of territorial conquest and he had been able to return home, greatly impoverished but alive. At the start of 1802 he was still banned from France, and Beauchamps again requested a favour of his former neighbour and friend, Michel-Louis-Étienne Regnaud de Saint-Jean d'Angély, who by now held a senior government position and was on excellent terms with the First Consul. Initially, however, d'Angély reported that he had been unable to have Beauchamps' name removed from the banned list, because of information found in police files. Beauchamps quickly expressed his conviction", "title": "Charles-Grégoire de Beauchamps" }, { "docid": "7694658", "text": "Henri-Évrard, marquis de Dreux-Brézé (1762–1829) was a member of the French nobility who at the age of twenty-seven played a role in the meeting of the states-general in 1789. Brézé had succeeded his father Thomas as court master of the ceremonies to Louis XVI in 1781, and was a descendant of Michel de Dreux-Brézé. During the opening stages of the Estates-General of 1789 it fell to Brézé to regulate the questions of etiquette and precedence between the three estates. That as the immediate representative of the crown he would offend the susceptibilities of the deputies of the Third Estate was perhaps inevitable, but little attempt was made to adapt archaic etiquette to changed circumstances. Brézé did not formally intimate to President Bailly the proclamation of the royal séance until 20 June, when the carpenters were about to enter the hall to prepare for the event, thus provoking the session in the tennis court. After the royal séance Brézé was sent to reiterate Louis's orders that the estates should meet separately, when Mirabeau replied that the hall could not be cleared \"except at the point of bayonets\". Brézé withdrew in the face of Mirabeau's aggressive stance but followed traditional protocol by walking slowly backwards with his embroidered tricorn on his head. Brézé reported the defiance of the Third Estate back to the king, who was awaiting developments in the nearby royal apartments. Louis reportedly responded \"Damn! Oh well let them stay\". After the fall of the Tuileries in 1792 Brézé emigrated for a short time, but though he returned to France he was spared during the Terror. At the Restoration he was made a peer of France, and resumed his functions as guardian of ceremonial. He died on 27 January 1829, when he was succeeded in the peerage and at court by his son Scipion (1793–1845). References People of the French Revolution 1762 births 1829 deaths Peers of France", "title": "Henri-Évrard, marquis de Dreux-Brézé" }, { "docid": "45348755", "text": "The Tennis Court Oath (French: Le Serment du Jeu de paume) is an incomplete painting by the French Neoclassical artist Jacques-Louis David, painted between 1790 and 1794 and showing the titular Tennis Court Oath at Versailles, one of the foundational events of the French Revolution. Political reversals and financial difficulties meant that David was never able to finish the canvas, which measures 400 by 660 cm and is now in the Musée national du Château de Versailles. Description All the deputies are shown looking at Bailly, as a device to show their support for him. The only man to refuse to take the oath, Martin-Dauch, is shown in the lower right hand corner and provides a counterpoint to the general enthusiasm. David also drew all the faces in detail so that every figure was recognisable. Above are large windows with smiling figures of the public. Symbolic interpretation In the 18th century, an oath had a sacred value and guaranteed a person would be faithful to their word, as in David's own The Oath of the Horatii. During the French Revolution, collective oaths like the tennis court oath were considered as a factor in national unity and national unanimity. The tennis court oath – pre-Romantic, near-unanimous, almost totally middle-class, and with no popular violence – above all was considered the forerunner of the 1789 revolution and also showed that national sovereignty was made up of each individual's personal will. David's painting also portrays the monk Dom Gerle alongside the Protestant pastor Jean-Paul Rabaut Saint-Étienne, symbolizing a new era of religious tolerance. The wind blowing through the windows and billowing the curtains also symbolizes the wind of Revolution blowing through France. This painting shows the Third Estate gathered together at an indoor tennis court after King Louis XVI locked the meeting hall at Versailles once he rejected to change the voting system. This is when Estate General proclaimed themselves as the National Assembly of France. History The first engravings showing The Tennis Court Oath only appeared in 1790, the year David convinced the Jacobin Club to launch a national subscription to fund a painting to depict the event. He exhibited a pen and brown ink drawing of his planned painting in the Louvre in 1791 but did not have enough money to follow it through as the subscription had only had a 10% take-up. The National Constituent Assembly thus decided to fund the work from the public treasury instead, topped up by selling engravings of the painting. David set up a studio in the former Les Feuillants Convent to hold sittings for the deputies, then meeting in the nearby salle du Manège. However, by 1793, he was too busy as a deputy himself to complete his sketch for the painting and French political life was no longer conducive to the work – Mirabeau, one of the heroes of 1789, had been declared an enemy of the Revolution on the discovery of his secret correspondence with Louis XVI and was now considered as", "title": "The Tennis Court Oath (David)" }, { "docid": "9750245", "text": "La Révolution française is a two-part 1989 historical drama co-produced by France, Germany, Italy and Canada for the 200th anniversary of the French Revolution. The full film runs at 360 minutes, but the edited-for-television version is slightly longer. It purports to tell a faithful and neutral story of the Revolution, from the calling of the Estates-General to the death of Maximilien de Robespierre. The film had a large budget (FRF 300 million) and boasted an international cast. It was shot in French, German and English. Plot Part I La Révolution française: les Années lumière (The French Revolution: Years of Hope), directed by Robert Enrico The first part focuses on the events of the early days of the French Revolution. The film opens in 1774 with a young Maximillien Robespierre reading a document in front of a carriage in the College Louis le Grand. He is splashed with mud after a horse's hoof smacks the muddy ground, prompting his classmates to laugh at him. Robespierre's classmate, Camille Desmoulins, comforts and reassures Robespierre. The film jumps 15 years later at the calling of the Estates General of 1789, which proves to be a disaster as many members of the Third Estate had sworn an oath on 20 June 1789 to not stop convening as a committee until they are given more rights. In response, King Louis XVI closes the assembly. In a private lunch following the incident, Marie Antoinette gives Louis a few ideas, such as using force should the people refuse the King's demands. Meanwhile, many orators rouse the people to demand for change. The situation only worsens after King Louis XVI accepts the resignation of finance minister Jacques Necker, a friend and popular figure of the people, who then returns to Switzerland. Desmoulins arrives at the Palais-Royal and delivers the news on 12 July, along with an impassioned call to arms to the crowd to defend themselves against Swiss and German troops who would attack them. When Desmoulins' friend and colleague Georges Danton hears the news and then learns of troops already attacking citizens during efforts to get them to disperse, he delivers a fiery speech at Paris' Cordeliers Convent asking every man in the district to volunteer to fight and proclaiming that they will not allow tyranny to triumph over liberty. On 14 July 1789, revolutionaries gather at the Bastille prison, seeking weapons and gunpowder for their revolutionary cause. A battle ensues between Revolutionary forces and the prison's garrison, headed by the Marquis de Launay, where the Revolutionaries emerge victorious after a bloody struggle and tense negotiations. Launay is lynched and his head stuck on a pike, the revolutionaries dancing \"La Carmagnole\" around it in celebration. Louis XVI arrives at Paris while the Marquis de Lafayette reads the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen out to the National Assembly as people from all corners of France read it for themselves or hear it. At the start of October, in the middle of a severe bread", "title": "La Révolution française (film)" }, { "docid": "19172738", "text": "Pierre-Marc-Gaston de Lévis (1764 – 15 February 1830), second duke of Lévis, peer of France, was a French politician, aphorist, and soldier. At the French Revolution he was a deputy of the National Constituent Assembly. He published several books and was a member of the Académie française. Birth and origins Pierre Marc Gaston was born in Paris on 7 March 1764, the only son of Francis de Gaston and his wife Gabrielle Augustine Michel de Tharon. His father was then styled chevalier de Lévis and part of the cadet Ajac branch of the House of Lévis. He had retired from the French army at the end of the Seven Years' War (1756–1763) with the rank of lieutenant-général. He was appointed governor of Artois in 1665. In 1783 he would be made marshal of France and in 1785 created the 1st Duke of Lévis. His mother was a daughter of , who was involved in the Nantes slave trade and director of the French East India Company 1749–1764. Ancien regime Gaston de Lévis entered the Royal Artillery School in Douai at the age of 13, and became second lieutenant in 1779. At the age of 16, he was promoted to captain of the bodyguard of Monsieur, the Count of Provence, brother of the king, the future Louis XVIII. He was posted to Saumur and Strasbourg. In 1782, he was promoted to captain à la suite of in the Carabiniers corps. With Louis Doulcet de Pontécoulant, a fellow student at the Artillery School, he then went on a long six-month mission to Prussia (July 1784-January 1785). He also visited Russia and Poland. In 1788, he was appointed colonel attached to the Maréchal de Turenne regiment. Estates-General In January 1789, Gaston de Lévis was appointed Grand Sword Bailiff of the Bailiwick of Senlis. This pre-eminent position facilitated his election in March 1789 to the only seat reserved for the nobility to represent the Bailiwick of Senlis at the Estates-General. He was not yet 25. He sat in the Estates-General with his cousins Marc-Antoine de Lévis and Charles Philibert Marie Gaston de Lévis, both of whom were guillotined during the Terror. At the Estates-General, his mandate required him to vote by head, but he felt he could not join the Third Estate on 25 June 1789. He was in favour of a liberal society, referring to the English constitution. On 22 June 1791, he took the military oath. He voted against assignats and the attachment of Avignon and the Comtat Ven== aissin2. Revolution and Empire He emigrated after 10 August 1792, joined the army of the Princes, where he was poorly received, and eventually served as a private in an Austrian regiment. During the revolutionary decade, the Duke and Duchess de Lévis travelled back and forth between France and England several times, either together or separately. They appeared on the list of emigrants from 1794. Gaston de Lévis took part in the Quiberon expedition. He arrived opposite Carnac on 25 June 1795 and landed", "title": "Pierre Marc Gaston de Lévis, Duke of Lévis" }, { "docid": "157999", "text": "Antoine Pierre Joseph Marie Barnave (, 22 October 176129 November 1793) was a French politician, and, together with Honoré Mirabeau, one of the most influential orators of the early part of the French Revolution. He is most notable for correspondence with Marie Antoinette in an attempt to set up a constitutional monarchy and for being one of the founding members of the Feuillants. Early life Antoine Barnave was born in Grenoble (Dauphiné), in a Protestant family. His father was an advocate at the Parlement of Grenoble, and his mother, Marie-Louise de Pré de Seigle de Presle, was a highly educated aristocrat. Because they were Protestants, Antoine could not attend local schools, as those were run by the Catholic church, and his mother educated him herself. Barnave was prepared for a career in law, and at the age of twenty-two made himself known by a speech pronounced before the local Parlement, the Parlement du Dauphiné, also known as Parlement de Grenoble, on the separation of political powers. Dauphiné was one of the first of the provinces of France to be touched by revolutionary ideals. After being heavily influenced by the Day of the Tiles () in Grenoble, Barnave became actively revolutionary. He explained his political position in a pamphlet entitled Esprit des édits, Enregistrés militairement, le 20 mai 1788. He was immediately elected deputy, with his father, to the Estates General of Dauphiné, and played a prominent role in their debates. Estates-General and Assemblies A few months later he became better known, when the Estates-General of 1789 convened in Versailles on 5 May 1789, and Barnave was elected a deputy of the Third Estate for his native province of Dauphiné. He soon rose to prominence in the National Assembly, becoming the friend of most of the leaders of the party originating in the Third Estate, and formed with Adrien Duport and Alexandre Lameth the group known during the Constituent Assembly as \"the triumvirate\". Together these three would later be principal figures in the formation of the Feuillants, the breakaway party from the Jacobin Club dedicated to a moderate course supporting constitutional monarchy. Barnave took part in the conference on the claims of the three orders, drew up the first address to king Louis XVI, and supported the proposal of Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès that the Assembly should declare itself \"National\". Until 1791, he was one of the preeminent members of the club known later as the Jacobin Club, of which he drew up the manifesto and first rulebook. Political views Although a partisan of political freedom, Barnave hoped to preserve revolutionary liberties together while maintaining the ruling House of Bourbon. He felt that a constitutional monarchy would solve the problems facing France without being a complete upheaval of the government, although it does not mean that he was entirely in favor of the monarchy. Subject to the more radical forces, Barnave took part in the attacks on the monarchy, on the clergy, on Roman Catholic Church property, and on the provincial Parlements.", "title": "Antoine Barnave" }, { "docid": "15549158", "text": "William H. Sewell Jr. (born 1940 in Stillwater, Oklahoma) is an American academic. He is the Frank P. Hixon Distinguished Service Professor Emeritus of History and Political Science at the University of Chicago. Family Sewell is the son of William H. Sewell, a sociologist who served as the chancellor of the University of Wisconsin-Madison from 1967 to 1968. Career Sewell received his B.A. in history from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1962 and his Ph.D. in history from the University of California, Berkeley in 1971. His dissertation was titled \"The Structure of the Working Class of Marseille in the Middle of the Nineteenth Century,\" and his advisor was the historian Hans Rosenberg. His first teaching position was in the history department at the University of Chicago from 1969 to 1975. He was a long-term member of the School of Social Science at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, from 1975 to 1980. He taught in the history department at the University of Arizona from 1980 to 1985 and in the history and sociology departments at the University of Michigan from 1985 to 1990, when he returned to the University of Chicago. He has made contributions in the areas of modern French labor, social, cultural and political history, the history of capitalism, and social and cultural theory. Selected publications Books Work and Revolution in France: The Language of Labor from the Old Regime to 1848 (Cambridge University Press, 1980). Structure and Mobility: The Men and Women of Marseille, 1820-1870 (Cambridge University Press 1985).A Rhetoric of Bourgeois Revolution: The Abbé Sieyes and \"What Is the Third Estate?\" (Duke University Press, 1994).Silence and Voice in Contentious Politics (joint author) (Cambridge University Press, 2001).Logics of History: Social Theory and Social Transformation (University of Chicago Press, 2005).Capitalism and the Emergence of Civic Equality in Eighteenth Century France (University of Chicago Press, 2021). Articles and chapters \"Marc Bloch and the Logic of Comparative History,\" History and Theory 6:2 (1967): 208-18 \"Etat, Corps and Ordre: Some Notes on the Social Vocabulary of the French Old Regime,\" in H. U. Wehler, ed., Sozialgeschichte Heute: Festschrift für Hans Rosenberg zum 70 Geburtstag (Göttingen, 1974), 49-68. \"Social Change and the Rise of Working-Class Politics in Nineteenth Century Marseille,\" Past and Present, 65 (November, 1974): 75-109. \"Ideologies and Social Revolutions: Reflections on the French Case\", Journal of Modern History 57 (March 1985): 57-85. \"Visions of Labor: Illustrations of the Mechanical Arts Before, In, and After Diderot's Encyclopédie.\" in Steven Kaplan and Cynthia Koepp, eds., Work in France: Place, Practice, Organization, and Meaning (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1986), 258-86. \"Uneven Development, the Autonomy of Politics and the Dockworkers of Nineteenth-Century Marseille,\" American Historical Review 93 (June 1988): 604-37. \"Le Citoyen, La Citoyenne: Activity, Passivity and the French Revolutionary Concept of Citizenship,\" in Colin Lucas, ed., The French Revolution and the Creation of Modern Political Culture, vol. 2, Political Culture of the French Revolution (Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1988), 105-25. \"Beyond 1793: Babeuf, Louis Blanc and the Genealogy of 'Social Revolution,'\"", "title": "William H. Sewell Jr." }, { "docid": "16566225", "text": "Louis Louis-Dreyfus (September 6, 1867 – November 10, 1940) was a member of the French parliament and co-director of the commodity distribution and trading company, Louis Dreyfus Group. Biography Louis-Dreyfus was born in Zurich to a Jewish family, the eldest of three sons of Léopold Louis-Dreyfus (1833–1915) and Emilie Lang (1840–1918). His brothers were Charles Louis-Dreyfus (1870–1929) and Robert Louis-Dreyfus (1877–1907). In 1851, his father, the son of a farmer from Alsace, founded the commodity distributor and trader Louis Dreyfus Group growing the business to the point that in 1900, it was the world's largest grain distributor. After obtaining his law degree, he joined the family business. In 1915, his father died turning over the family company to sons Louis and Charles who served as co-Directors. In 1917, the Louis Dreyfus Group was forced out of Russia by the Russian Revolution catalyzing their international expansion. During World War I, the firm expanded into the maritime arms trade supplying the belligerents to war. In 1924, they expanded to South Africa and in the 20s and 30s built up their own shipping company, LD Lines. Known as the \"King of Wheat,\" the Dreyfus Group dominated the grain trade through the Great Depression and up to the outbreak of World War II purchasing grain at low cost in producing countries and selling at a higher price in countries that had shortages. Louis-Dreyfus served in the French Parliament during the French Third Republic as a Deputy from Lozère from 1905–1910, a Deputy from Alpes-Maritimes from 1930 to 1936, and a Senator from Alpes-Maritimes from 1937 to 1940. He was a member of the Independents of the Left from 1930–1936. The Independents of the Left were one of a number of parliamentary groups that made up the Democratic Republican Alliance between 1928 and 1936. Louis-Dreyfus and his brother were shareholders in the French Communist paper l'Humanité. Property seizures under Vichy France In July 1940, the Vichy France under Marshal Petain has ordered confiscation of the wealth and private estates of Baron Edouard de Rothschild and Louis Louis-Dreyfus because of their Jewish heritage. Personal life In 1906 he married Emma Lévi (1885–?); they had two children: Jean Louis-Dreyfus (1908–2003) and François Louis-Dreyfus (1910–1958). He was nicknamed King Two Louis by journalist Léon Daudet and – thanks to his wealth and very public profile as both a politician and businessmen – was often referred to as the \"Richest Man in France.\" Dreyfus died in 1940 in Cannes in a carriage accident. After Louis Louis-Dreyfus's death in 1940, his son Jean, and his two nephews, François Louis-Dreyfus (1909–1958) and Pierre Louis-Dreyfus (1908–2011) took over the family company. References 1867 births 1940 deaths Politicians from Zürich Businesspeople from Zürich Swiss emigrants to France Louis Louis-Dreyfus Jewish French politicians Radical Party (France) politicians Independents of the Left politicians Members of the 8th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic Members of the 9th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic Members of the 14th Chamber of Deputies of", "title": "Louis Louis-Dreyfus" }, { "docid": "42955580", "text": "Jacques Antoine Creuzé-Latouche (18 September 1749 – 23 October 1800) was a French lawyer, Jacobin, and member of the National Convention of France during the French Revolution. Early years Jacques Antoine Creuzé-Latouche was born at Châtellerault, Vienne, on 18 September 1749 to a Poitevin family of magistrates. He qualified as a lawyer in Poitiers and practiced at the bar in Paris. He spent some time in Switzerland before returning to Châtellerault in 1784 where he bought the office of lieutenant general of the sénéchaussée of Châtellerault. In 1787 he sat in the assembly of the province of Poitou. Deputy On 31 March 1789 Creuzé-Latouche was elected deputy to represent the third estate of Châtellerault in the Estates-General of 1789. He was not active in the tribune but was active in committee work. He specialized in matters of finance and economics. As a member of the committee on coins he was a strong defender of the assignat, whose fate he linked to that of the French Revolution. After the National Constituent Assembly formed on 9 July 1789 Creuzé-Latouche became judge of the High Court of Orleans, while continuing to play an active role in the Châtellerault Jacobin Society. In 1790 he joined the Jacobin club in Paris. On 12 April 1791 Creuzé-Latouche was elected to the Court of Cassation by his department. He left the Jacobin club during the split in July 1791 between the Feuillants and the radicals, then rejoined at the end of July 1791. He was vocal in opposing refractory priests. On 5 March 1792 he voted to requisition objects of worship made of precious metals so they could be used to make coins and ingots. On 5 September 1792 Creuzé-Latouche was elected to represent the department of Vienne in the National Convention by 177 out of 311 votes. He sat with the Girondists in the Convention. He advocated free trade in food in 1792, and pushed this position more vigorously in the spring in 1793. His strong support for liberalizing the grain trade earned him a reputation as a \"physiocratic sympathizer\". He was often described as belonging to the Plain. Due to his positions on free trade and his collaboration with several periodicals associated with Jean Marie Roland and Jacques Pierre Brissot he was clearly one of the Girondins. At the trial of King Louis XVI of France he voted against the appeal to the people, for detention followed by banishment and then for suspension. Later career Due to Creuzé-Latouche's relative lack of political activity he was not included in the arrests that followed the fall of the Gironde in the insurrection of 31 May – 2 June 1793. He gave protection in his home to the daughter of Roland. He stayed away from politics until the Thermidorian Reaction of 27 July 1794. He was a supporter of the new census system, which he helped implement as a member of the committee of eleven set up to revise the constitution. In Germinal, year 3, he sat on", "title": "Jacques Antoine Creuzé-Latouche" }, { "docid": "31675189", "text": "The Château de Vizille is a castle in the French town of Vizille near Grenoble. It is one of the most prestigious and important castles of the Dauphiné Region. Traditionally, from the 14th century, the Dauphiné was the homeland of the inheritor of the French throne. Today the Château de Vizille houses the Musée de la Révolution française. History The former castle was held during the French Wars of Religion by the Catholics. With the peace settlement in 1593, the property was bought by the leader of the Protestant Army, François de Bonne, duc de Lesdiguières. From 1604 till 1619 the Duke, who became a Peer and the last Grand Constable of France, had his castle built to highlight his important role in the French court. The castle is surrounded by a wall of seven kilometers in length. The Château in the French Revolution In 1780 the Duke of Villeroy, Gabriel Louis de Neufville, sold the Chateau de Vizille and areas around it to Claude Perier for approximately 1,0254,000 livres. About a decade later, Claude had over 400 workers at the Château creating printed cotton. This building would end up playing an important role in the beginning of the French Revolution. May 1788 King Louis XVI decided to set a boundary on the amount of power of the Parliament of Dauphiné in Grenoble. The Parliament openly expressed how dissatisfied they were with this decision and on June 7, 1788 they were not allowed to meet together. In return, the inhabitants of Grenoble threw tiles from the roofs onto the King's Guard. This event is known as \"Tile Day\" or \"Day of the Tiles\" in Grenoble. In July, Claude Perier, inspired by all of the Liberal ideas around him, invited delegates from the Clergy, the Nobility and the Third-Estate, to assemble the meeting, which had been previously prohibited in Grenoble, in the room of the Jeu de Paume of the castle. Almost 500 men gathered that day at the banquet hosted by Claude Périer. In attendance there were many \"notables\" including churchmen, businessmen, doctors, notaries, municipal officials, lawyers, and landed nobility. This event is known as the Assembly of Vizille. Demanded at this meeting: the Convocation in Paris of the Estates-General, where the Third Estate has double representation and where votes are by head, not by order. This meeting marked the first portion of the French Revolution. It also allowed Claude Périer and most of his family to live through the tough periods of the French Revolution without harm. The Château as a Monument One of the owners Adolphe-Joseph-Scipion Perier, son of Augustin Perier was married to a granddaughter of General Lafayette. The Perier family owned it until 1895, during which time the castle itself was made a monument historique in 1862. In 1924 the castle became the property of the French State and in 1973 the castle was given by the French government to the Community Council of Isere. The Park The castle park has a total of of space,", "title": "Château de Vizille" }, { "docid": "194021", "text": "The following is a timeline of the French Revolution. 1788 – The royal treasury is empty; Prelude to the Revolution June 7: Day of the Tiles in Grenoble, first revolt against the king. July 21: Assembly of Vizille, assembly of the Estates-General of Dauphiné. August 8: The royal treasury is declared empty, and the Parlement of Paris refuses to reform the tax system or loan the Crown more money. To win their support for fiscal reforms, the Minister of Finance, Brienne, sets May 5, 1789, for a meeting of the Estates General, an assembly of the nobility, clergy, and commoners (the Third Estate), which has not met since 1614. August 16: The treasury suspends payments on the debts of the government. August 25: Brienne resigns as Minister of Finance, and is replaced by the Swiss banker Jacques Necker, who is popular with the Third Estate. French bankers and businessmen, who have always held Necker in high regard, agree to loan the state 75 million, on the condition that the Estates General will have full powers to reform the system. Necker was labelled an \"author of the revolution\" by Napoleon. December 27: Over the opposition of the nobles, Necker announces that the representation of the Third Estate will be doubled and that nobles and clergymen will be eligible to sit with the Third Estate. 1789 – The Revolution Begins; the Estates-General and the Constituent Assembly January 1789 January: The Abbé Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès publishes a pamphlet, What is the Third Estate? he writes; \"What is the Third Estate? Everything. What has it been until now in the political order? Nothing. What does it demand to be? Something.\" The pamphlet is widely distributed. January 24: King Louis XVI convokes elections for delegates to the Estates-General April 1789 April 27: Riots in Paris by workers of the Réveillon wallpaper factory in the Faubourg Saint-Antoine. Twenty-five workers were killed in battles with police. May 1789 May 2: Presentation to the King of the Deputies of the Estates-General at Versailles. The clergy and nobles are welcomed with formal ceremonies and processions, the Third Estate is not. May 5: Formal opening of the Estates-General at Versailles. May 6: The Deputies of the Third Estate refuses to meet separately from the other Estates, occupy the main hall, and invite the clergy and nobility to join them. May 11: The nobility refuses to meet together with the Third Estate, but the clergy hesitates, and suspends the verification of its deputies. May 20: The clergy renounces its special tax privileges, and accepts the principle of fiscal equality. May 22: The nobility renounces its special tax privileges. However, the three estates are unable to agree on a common program. May 25: The Third Estate deputies from Paris, delayed by election procedures, arrive in Versailles. June 1789 June 3: The scientist Jean Sylvain Bailly is chosen the leader of the Third Estate deputies. June 4: Upon the death of seven-year-old Louis Joseph Xavier François, Dauphin of France, the eldest son and", "title": "Timeline of the French Revolution" }, { "docid": "221886", "text": "Gui-Jean-Baptiste Target (, 17 December 1733 – 9 September 1806) was a French lawyer and politician. Biography Born in Paris, Target was the son of a lawyer, and was himself a lawyer to the Parlement of Paris. He acquired a great reputation as a lawyer, less by practice in the courts than in a consultative capacity, and served the ancien régime as member of a committee to revise the civil and criminal laws of the kingdom. He strenuously opposed the \"parlement Maupeou\", devised by Chancellor Maupeou to replace the old judiciary bodies in 1771, refusing to plead before it, an act that earned him the sobriquet of the \"Virgin of the palace\". He was counsel for Louis René Edouard, cardinal de Rohan in the \"affair of the diamond necklace\". In 1785, he was elected to the Académie française. He contributed to the development of the Edict of Tolerance signed at Versailles by Louis XVI in 1787. French Revolution In 1789, he was returned as one of the deputies of the Third Estate in Paris to the Estates-General, and he was instrumental in writing up the cahiers de doléances of Paris. He went on to support revolutionary measures such as the union of the orders, the suspensive veto, the Civil Constitution of the Clergy, the last of which he was one of the principal authors. He was one of many deputies named to the Constitutional Committee in September 1789, to replace those conservative members who resigned. He presided over the National Constituent Assembly 18 January - 2 February 1790. His excessive obesity, which made him the butt of the Royalist jokes, prevented his practising at the bar for some years before 1789. When Louis XVI invited him to undertake his defence, he excused himself on this ground. In 1792, he published some constitutional observations in extenuation of the king's actions, which, in the circumstances of the time, would have taken some courage. From Thermidor to Empire Target took no part in public affairs during the Reign of Terror. Under the Directory he was made a member of the Institut de France in 1796 and of the Court of Cassation in 1798. He lived to collaborate in the earlier stages of the new criminal code. Works Among his writings may be mentioned a paper on the grain trade (1776) and a Mémoire sur l'état des Protestants en France (1787), in which he pleaded for the restoration of civil rights to Protestants. References Attribution: The Britannica gives the following references: Victor du Bled, \"Les avocats et l'Académie française\", in the Grand Revue (vol. ii. 1899). H. Moulin, Le Palais a l'Académie: Target et son fauteuil (Paris, 1884). P. Boulloche, Un avocat au 18ième siècle (Paris, 1893). 1733 births 1807 deaths Members of the Académie Française People of the French Revolution Court of Cassation (France) judges Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery 19th-century French judges Members of the National Constituent Assembly (France) Jansenists Presidents of the National Assembly (France)", "title": "Gui-Jean-Baptiste Target" }, { "docid": "26509895", "text": "The dual revolution was a term first coined by Eric Hobsbawm. It refers specifically to the time period between 1789 and 1848 in which the political and ideological changes of the French Revolution fused with and reinforced the technological and economic changes of the Industrial Revolution. The French Revolution, inspired by the ideals of Enlightenment philosophy, spread ideas of democracy, nationalism, and liberalism. These political ideas were fused with the new technological advances of the industrial revolution such as the spinning jenny, steam engines, and the puddling process. With the defeat of the French Revolution and subsequently the Congress of Vienna, Metternich constructed a balance of power in Europe that would prevent one country from gaining too much power. This set the framework for a strong conservative, reactionary stance against the ideas of nationalism and liberalism spread by the dual revolution. The Holy Alliance, formed by Austria, Prussia and Russia in September 1815 became a symbol of oppression to the ideas spread by the dual revolution. Industrial Revolution Generally, Industrial Revolution means transitioning from hand produced to machines. In the case of the dual revolution, the Industrial portion was more from social scientists like Count Henri de Saint-Simon, Charles Fourier, Louis Blanc, Pierre Joseph Proudhon, and Karl Marx who attempted to come up with ideas for “utopias”, conservative and socialist societies. French Revolution The French Revolution began in 1789 with the Tennis Court Oath, by which the members of the third estate, who had been locked out of the meeting the estates general, gathered together and swore not to disband until they had written a new constitution. Inspired by the ideas of Enlightenment Philosophers, most prominently Rousseau and his social contract, the National assembly, those who had sworn the tennis court oath, published the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. The Declaration of the Rights of Man was very much an expression of Enlightenment ideals. A major portion of the Declaration was dedicated to the natural rights of man. According to the Declaration every man is entitled to life, liberty and property. This is a reflection of the beliefs of John Locke who wrote the 2nd treatise of civil government. The Committee of Public Safety, headed by Robespierre, which rose to power after using the sans culotte to imprison the other members of the Jacobin club, was based on Rousseau's Social Contracts idea of the general will. Rousseau states that at times people have to sacrifice their natural rights for the greater good which is represented by the General Will. The General Will is not necessarily represented by the majority, a far-seeing minority can represent the general will. Robespierre believed that the Committee of Public Safety represented the general will. Robespierre used an aggressive revolutionary purge of those who opposed the Committee called the Terror, a planned economy, and French Nationalism inspired by the revolution to increase French military size and push armies into most of western Europe. Nationalism Nationalism was a driving force for European", "title": "Dual revolution" }, { "docid": "157336", "text": "The Tennis Court Oath () was taken on 20 June 1789 by the members of the French Third Estate in a tennis court on the initiative of Jean Joseph Mounier. Their vow \"not to separate and to reassemble wherever necessary until the Constitution of the kingdom is established\" became a pivotal event in the French Revolution. The Estates-General had been called to address the country's fiscal and agricultural crisis, but they had become bogged down in issues of representation immediately after convening in May 1789, particularly whether they would vote by order or by head (which would increase the power of the Third Estate, as it outnumbered the other two estates by a large margin). On 17 June, the Third Estate began to call itself the National Assembly, led by Jean Sylvain Bailly. Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, Comte de Mirabeau, took a prominent role. On the morning of 20 June, the deputies were shocked to discover that the door of the Salle des Menus-Plaisir was locked and guarded by soldiers. They immediately feared the worst and were anxious that a royal attack was imminent from King Louis XVI, so upon the suggestion of one of their members Joseph-Ignace Guillotin, the deputies congregated in a nearby indoor royal tennis court near the Palace of Versailles. The 576 of the 577 members from the Third Estate took the oath Jean Sylvain Bailly was the first one who signed; the only person who did not join was Joseph Martin-Dauch, who would only execute decisions that were made by the monarch. To prevent further sessions, the tennis court was rented on 21 or 22 June by the count of Artois, a brother of the King. Meanwhile, the Assembly moved to the Versailles Cathedral. Background Before the Revolution, French society—aside from royalty—was divided into three estates. The First Estate comprised the clergy; the Second Estate was the nobility. The rest of France—some 97 per cent of the population—was the Third Estate, which ranged from very wealthy city merchants to impoverished rural farmers. The three estates had historically met in the Estates General, a legislative assembly, but this had not happened since 1614, under the reign of Louis XIII. It was the last of the Estates General of the Kingdom of France. Summoned by King Louis XVI, the Estates General of 1789 ended when the Third Estate formed the National Assembly and, against the wishes of the King, invited the other two estates to join. This signaled the outbreak of the French Revolution. The Third Estate comprised the overwhelming majority of the French population but the structure of the Estates-General was such that the Third Estate comprised a bare majority of the delegates. A simple majority was sufficient—as long as delegate votes were cast together. The First and Second Estates preferred to divide the vote; a proposal might need to receive approval from each Estate or there might be two \"houses\" of the Estates-General (one for the first two Estates, and one for the Third) and a", "title": "Tennis Court Oath" }, { "docid": "1322794", "text": "Jeanne Agnès Berthelot de Pléneuf, marquise de Prie (August 1698 – 7 October 1727), was a French noblewoman who for a brief period exercised extraordinary control of the French court during the reign of King Louis XV. Early life Jeanne Agnès Berthelot de Pléneuf, Marquise de Prie, is a notable historical figure in early 18th century France for her role in the political machinations. Agnès’s story is an example of the intersection of power, gender, and politics living at a time when women’s influence was exerted behind the thrones of authoritative men. Born in 1698, Jeanne Agnès presents a glance into the world of French nobility early on in the 18th century. She was the daughter of the wealthy but unscrupulous financier Étienne Berthelot de Pléneuf which shaped an opulent upbringing for her, that enabled her to advance within the upper echelons of French society. However, her upbringing entered her into the rigidly structured French society at the time. Her status set her up for a prominent role in the sphere of politics through the advantageous position of her birthright. In her time, a strict hierarchical French society was set in place. Her upbringing was during the dominant and long reign of Louis XIV, the Sun King, whose court at Versailles was considered the focal point of both French and European power dynamics. The society was split into three estates: the clergy (First Estate), the nobility (Second Estate), and the commoners (Third Estate). The presence of such a structure exposed her to the complexities of court politics, where power dynamics were in constant disequilibrium. Such a position required a keen skill in social maneuvering, as her status was dependent on pursuing favor with influential figures, such as the king, amidst navigating an environment of conspiracy and competition within the court. Preparing for her position as a courtier and patron, her upbringing comprised a challenging education for women of her status. Her education emphasized etiquette, achievement in the arts, and languages. It was expected of such women to navigate the intricate societal hierarchies of the court, using their influence discreetly to sway political decisions and organize valuable unions. Jeanne Agnès's upbringing was thoroughly influenced by the ancient régime's social stratification, in which ancestry and prestige were a key determinant of one’s status in society. Before the impacts that came with the French Revolution, this era was characterized by prosperity for the novel, while the commoners bore the burden of substantial taxation and disregard by society. Life at court At the age of 21, she returned to France, from the Savoy where she accompanied her husband, she and was soon the declared mistress of Louis Henri, Duke of Bourbon (\"Monsieur le Duc\"), who was prime minister at the beginning of the reign of Louis XV (1723–1726). Being the mistress of the prime minister allowed her to have unprecedented power for a woman in the French court. During his ministry she dominated the royal court, one of the most prominent and historically significant", "title": "Jeanne Agnès Berthelot de Pléneuf, marquise de Prie" }, { "docid": "2518628", "text": "18th-century French literature is French literature written between 1715, the year of the death of King Louis XIV of France, and 1798, the year of the coup d'État of Bonaparte which brought the Consulate to power, concluded the French Revolution, and began the modern era of French history. This century of enormous economic, social, intellectual and political transformation produced two important literary and philosophical movements: during what became known as the Age of Enlightenment, the Philosophes questioned all existing institutions, including the church and state, and applied rationalism and scientific analysis to society; and a very different movement, which emerged in reaction to the first movement; the beginnings of Romanticism, which exalted the role of emotion in art and life. In common with a similar movement in England at the same time, the writers of 18th century France were critical, skeptical and innovative. Their lasting contributions were the ideas of liberty, toleration, humanitarianism, equality, and progress, which became the ideals of modern western democracy. Context The 18th century saw the gradual weakening of the absolute monarchy constructed by Louis XIV. Its power slipped away during the Regency of Philippe d'Orléans, (1715–1723) and the long regime of King Louis XV, when France lost the Seven Years' War with England, and lost much of its empire in Canada and India. France was forced to recognize the growing power of England and Prussia. The Monarchy finally ended with King Louis XVI, who was unable to understand or control the forces of the French Revolution. The end of the century saw the birth of the United States, with the help of French ideas and military forces; the declaration of the French Republic in 1792, and the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte, setting the stage for the history of modern France The 18th century also brought enormous social changes to France; an enormous growth in population; and, even more important, the growth of the wealthy class, thanks to new technologies (the steam engine, metallurgy), and trade with France's colonies in the New World and India. French society was hierarchal with the Clergy (First Estate) and Nobility (Second Estate) at the top and The Third Estate who included everyone else. Members of the Third Estate, especially the more wealthy and influential, began to challenge the cultural and social monopoly of the aristocracy; French cities began to have their own theaters, coffee houses and salons, independent of the aristocracy. The Rise of the Third Estate was influential in the overthrow of the monarchy in the French Revolution in 1789. French thinking also evolved greatly, thanks to major discoveries in science by Newton, Watt, Volta, Leibniz, Buffon, Lavoisier, and Monge, among others, and their rapid diffusion throughout Europe through newspapers, journals, scientific societies, and theaters. Faith in science and progress was the driving force behind the first French Encyclopedia of Denis Diderot and Jean le Rond d'Alembert. The authority of the Catholic Church was weakened, partly by the conflicts between high and low clergy, partly by the conflict between", "title": "18th-century French literature" }, { "docid": "196708", "text": "François Nicolas Léonard Buzot (1 March 176024 June 1794) was a French politician and leader of the French Revolution. Biography Early life Born at Évreux, Eure, Buzot studied Law, and, at the outbreak of the Revolution was a lawyer in his home town. In 1789, he was elected a deputy of the Third Estate to the Estates-General, and became known there for his radical opinions. He demanded the nationalization of the possessions of the Roman Catholic Church, and the right of all citizens to bear arms. After the dissolution of the National Constituent Assembly, Buzot returned to Évreux, where he was named president of the criminal tribunal. Convention In 1792, Buzot was elected deputy to the National Convention, and joined the Girondists under the influence of his friend Madame Roland. Buzot entered a polemic with the main rival of the Girondists, Jean-Paul Marat, and demanded the formation of a National Guard from the départements to defend the Convention against the Paris crowds of sans-culottes. His proposal was carried, but never put into force - the Parisians subsequently singled him out as a target of their hatred. In the trial of King Louis XVI, Buzot voted in favour of the capital punishment death, but with appeal to the people and postponement of sentence (sursis). He had a sentence of death passed against the Royalist émigrés who did not return to France, and against anyone who should demand the re-establishment of the monarchy. At the same time, he opposed Georges Danton and The Mountain, and rejected the creation of a Committee of Public Safety and Revolutionary Tribunal (but abstained when the question of Marat's trial before the Tribunal was brought up by the Girondists). On 5 May 1793, his servant was arrested in the Jardin du Luxembourg. Flight and resistance Proscribed with the Girondists on 2 June 1793, Buzot escaped, and took refuge to Calvados in Normandy, where he contributed to organize a Girondist insurrection against the convention, which was suppressed soon after. The Convention prosecuted him, and decreed \"that the house occupied by Buzot be demolished, and never to be rebuilt on this plot. [Instead,] a column shall be raised, on which there shall be written: \"Here was the sanctuary of the villain Buzot who, while a representative of the people, conspired for the overthrow of the French Republic\"\". He fled, together with Jérôme Pétion de Villeneuve, to Saint-Émilion, near Bordeaux and remained in hiding. Both of them most likely committed suicide; their bodies were found in a field a week later, half-eaten by dogs. It is unclear whether the men used poison or shot themselves with a pistol, which is likely due to the decomposed state in which their bodies were found. Buzot left behind his Memoirs, first published in 1823. References 1760 births 1794 deaths People from Évreux Jacobins Girondins Members of the National Constituent Assembly (France) Deputies to the French National Convention Politicians from Normandy 18th-century French lawyers French politicians who died by suicide Suicides by firearm in", "title": "François Buzot" }, { "docid": "17750247", "text": "Jean Joseph de Laborde, Marquis of Laborde (29 January 1724 – 18 April 1794) was a French businessman, slave trader, fermier général and banker to the king, who turned politician. A liberal, he was guillotined in the French Revolution. Though legally a Marquis he rarely used his title. Biography Laborde was born near Jaca in Aragon, into a modest béarnaise family. When he reached adolescence he joined his uncle, who was head of a maritime import–export company at Saint-Jean-de-Luz, and took over as head of the business on the cousin's death. He based his subsequent fortune not only on this company, but also on transatlantic trade (supplying the American colonies with basics, in return for far more financially interesting products such as tropical fruits, rare trees and enslaved people) and his sugar plantations on Saint-Domingue (Haiti). He shipped nearly 10,000 people to the French colony of Saint-Domingue on his slave ships and enslaved 2,000 on the plantations he owned there. His rapid rise, comparable to that of several bourgeois men of the Age of Enlightenment, gained him promotion to noble rank and allowed him to acquire several estates. He became fermier général (1759–1767) on the suggestion of his friend the duc de Choiseul. He took up residence in the château de La Ferté-Vidame in 1764, the fief bringing with it the ancient title of Vidame de Chartres. He rebuilt it in the neoclassical style which now remains as a shell, and commissioned several artists. However, following a game of musical chairs, he lost it in 1784 to the duc de Penthièvre, who had himself lost his domaine de Rambouillet to king Louis XV, who coveted its \"terres giboyeuses\" or wooded hunting lands. Laborde was named marquis and in 1784 acquired the Château de Méréville, rebuilding it to his taste. In politics, he was ahead of his time and of the French Revolution, and (with Mirabeau) was one of the few noble députés (from the bailliage d'Étampes) to accept demotion to the Third Estate upon the Revolution. However, this was not enough to save him from being guillotined in Paris under the \"loi des suspects\" on the orders of Louis de Saint-Just, in one of the last fits of the Reign of Terror in May 1794. In 1792, much of the fabulous Orleans Collection of paintings was briefly his, before he was forced by events to abandon his ambition to exhibit them in his Paris house, and sold them. Descendants Edouard-Jean-Joseph de Laborde Marchainville (1762–1786), a member of the Lapérouse expedition, who drowned, along with his brother, in Lituya Bay, Alaska Pauline de Laborde (1765–1782), married Jean-François Pérusse, 1st duc des Cars Ange-Auguste-Joseph de Laborde Boutervilliers (1766-1786), a member of the Lapérouse expedition, who drowned, along with his brother, in Lituya Bay, Alaska Nathalie de Laborde (1774–1835), married Charles de Noailles, duc de Mouchy, was la petite mouche among the many mistresses of Chateaubriand Alexandre de Laborde, archaeologist, soldier and politician, who continued his father's Revolutionary political views Notes Sources Further", "title": "Jean Joseph de Laborde, Marquis of Laborde" }, { "docid": "55705147", "text": "Julie Talma, born Louise-Julie Careau (8 January 1756 – 5 May 1805), was a French dancer at the Paris Opera who became a courtesan in the years before the French Revolution. She had three sons by three different fathers. She used the gifts from her protectors to make a small fortune in real estate speculation. She married the well-known tragic actor François-Joseph Talma a few days before giving birth to twin sons. Her husband was unfaithful and ruined her. They separated and eventually divorced. Julie Talma was charming, intelligent, strong-willed, rational and a firm republican. She held an influential salon before and during the revolution and at the start of Napoleon's rise to power, and became a close friend of Benjamin Constant. Their lengthy correspondence has been preserved. Early years Louise-Julie Carreau was born on 8 January 1756. Her mother was Marie Careau. Her father, Francois Pioch de Pézenas, did not recognise her until much later. Julie's mother abandoned her when she was very young. Pierre Gueullette de Maucroix, the king's adviser-in-Council of the Indies, rescued her from the streets. He taught her to read and write, taught her polite manners and after two years enrolled her in the Opera's ballet corps. As a dancer she performed in Jean-Philippe Rameau's ballet Castor et Pollux. Julie Carreau became the mistress of François-Antoine de Flandre de Brunville, with whom she had a son, Alexis-Pierre-Louis (1777). She was then the mistress of the viscount Joseph Alexandre de Ségur, who established her in a private mansion and with whom she had another son, Alexandre-Félix Ségur (1781). Ségur, who loved her, thought she would be the Ninon de l'Enclos of the 18th century. Finally she was the mistress of a M. Saint-Léger, who gave her a third son, Jules. All of her sons would die during her lifetime. Julie Carreau used the money from her protectors in real estate speculation in the Chaussée d'Antin district, with architects such as Alexandre-Théodore Brongniart and Claude Nicolas Ledoux, and made a small fortune. She bought a town house on the Rue de la Chaussée d’Antin in 1776. In 1781 the architect François-Victor Perrard de Montreuil sold her the house on the Rue Chantereine where Ségur had installed her. Julie Carreau held a salon in this house. Her private room was decorated with an anonymous frieze that represented the Arts, the Muses, Apollo, Venus and Cupid. Marriage In 1787 Julie Carreau met François-Joseph Talma (1763–1826), an actor who had just started at the Comédie-Française, and they began an affair. Talma gave his support to the French Revolution in 1789, causing a split in the Comédie-Française. He took several leading democratic actors with him, including Monvel (Jacques Marie Boutet), Rose Vestris and Amélie-Julie Candeille. Juie became pregnant and the couple decided to marry. They had difficulty finding a priest who would perform the ceremony since Talma insisted on giving his profession as an actor, a sinful occupation, and therefore could not receive communion. After several months the vicar of Notre-Dame-de-Lorette", "title": "Julie Talma" }, { "docid": "9002153", "text": "The Liège Revolution, sometimes known as the Happy Revolution (; ), against the reigning prince-bishop of Liège, started on 18 August 1789 and lasted until the destruction of the Republic of Liège and re-establishment of the Prince-Bishopric of Liège by Austrian forces in 1791. The Liège Revolution was concurrent with the French Revolution and its effects were long-lasting and eventually led to the abolition of the Prince-Bishopric of Liège and its final annexation by French revolutionary forces in 1795. Timeline 985: Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor, makes the bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Liège, Notker of Liège, the prince of a new principality that overlaps with a portion of the large diocesethe Prince-Bishopric of Liège. 985–1772: Over the centuries, some of the prince-bishops of Liège expand the holdings of the principality, though it never reaches the full area of the diocese. 1772: Velbrück is made prince-bishop of Liège, he encourages the arts and new ideas until his death in 1784. 1784: Hoensbroeck replaces Velbrück as prince-bishop, he is much more authoritarian and reactionary than his predecessor. 1789: Revolution breaks out simultaneously in Paris and Liège. Hoensbroeck flees to Germany and the Liège Republic is proclaimed. 1791: First restoration – the Austrian army puts Hoensbroeck back in power and most supporters of the Republic go into exile in Paris. 1792: Hoensbroeck dies and is replaced by François-Antoine-Marie de Méan, who has to make a quick escape after the battle of Jemappes. This enables French troops under Dumouriez to take control of the Principality of Liège and the Austrian Netherlands. 1793: The citizens of Liège vote for the principality to be annexed by France, but the Austrians defeat the French at the Battle of Neerwinden and put a prince-bishop back in charge of Liège. 1794: In the battles of Fleurus and Sprimont, the French recapture the principality. 1795: The French National Convention endorses the principality's incorporation into France. Origins of discontent (1684–1789) Political functioning of the principality Since the Ruling of 1684 put in place by Maximilian Henry of Bavaria, in principle the prince-bishop of Liège had to govern the principality in agreement with the three estates – the first estate (upper clergy and canons of the cathédrale Saint-Lambert), the noble estate (15 families, intended to represent the whole countryside), and the third estate (representing the middle classes and artisans organised by 32 crafts). The election of mayors and a council was made by the prince and the 32 crafts. These were split into 16 chambers, whose members were appointed for life, forming an electoral body. These chambers were made up of 20 nobles, patricians and 'rentiers', 10 notable merchants and 6 artisans. The commissioners of the craftsmen were themselves appointed by 28 commissioners, of whom 12 were appointed by the prince-bishop and 16 by the parishes. The third estate also included the representatives of the principality's 'bonnes villes', elected by 567 electors. Formed by the mayors of all these cities, they were almost completely obedient to the prince-bishop and", "title": "Liège Revolution" }, { "docid": "48505698", "text": "The Gods Are Thirsty is a 1996 historical novel by British author Tanith Lee set during the French Revolution. It follows the rise and fall of journalist Camille Desmoulins, who launches the Revolution and is eventually sent to the guillotine. Synopsis During a night out at the bar, struggling writer Camille Desmoulins hears that the popular finance minister Jacques Necker has been dismissed from office. At Georges Danton's behest, Camille stands on a table and tells the people of the Third Estate to rise against the monarch of France, King Louis XVI. The people of the Third Estate storm the Bastille and the French Revolution begins. Camille is in love with a noble 19-year-old girl, Lucile Duplessis, whose father will not allow them to be together. Camille writes pro-revolutionary newspapers and pamphlets with Comte de Mirabeau as his benefactor, but soon begins writing pamphlets criticizing Mirabeau. Drunk on wine, Camille tries to convince Lucile's father to let them wed, and after Camille is put on trial for his writings and saved by Maximilien Robespierre, Lucile's father agrees to the marriage. Mirabeau gets sick and dies. Camille writes an article questioning Mirabeau's death and his methods. He and Danton lead the people to Champ de Mars, fighting with the National Guard. Camille learns that Lucile is pregnant and Camille runs off to live in the country. Danton sends him a letter, asking him to return and help rebuild Paris. Anarchy breaks out over a bread shortage; the people blame the King. The people break into the King's palace and capture him; learning of Louis' capture, Prussia send troops into France. Hotel de Ville becomes a battleground and the people drive the Prussians out of the country. Riots erupt as the people purge traitors and anti-revolutionists. Danton creates The Committee of General Defense to arrest and try anti-revolutionist, who are beheaded by the guillotine, a symbol for the Reign of Terror. Robespierre denounces the acts of the revolution. He has the heads of the committee of general defense step down and becomes the head of the renamed Committee of Public Safety. Camille begins to distrusts Robespierre; his feeling is confirmed when Robespierre takes down those whom he deems a threat. Camille wants an end to the revolution. Robespierre tells Camille of his plans to become France's new king, which Camille protests. Camille writes an article asking for moderation and an end to beheadings; he is promptly arrested along with Danton and other Dantonists. All are tried by the Revolutionary Tribunal, found guilty, and sent to the guillotine; Lucile is guillotined. In the months following, Robespierre and his friends are also guillotined. Background and writing process Tanith Lee began writing The Gods Are Thirsty in 1982, and finished her first draft in the beginning of 1985. This was her only book that she wrote multiple drafts on. She got inspired to write this book because Lee watched a play on the television called Danton's Death, which covered Georges Jacques Danton's trial and death.", "title": "The Gods Are Thirsty (Tanith Lee)" }, { "docid": "350357", "text": "François-Antoine, Count of the Empire (1756–1826) was a French writer, lawyer and politician during the Revolution and the Empire. Biography Early career Born to a Protestant family in Saint-Jean-Chambre, Ardèche, he studied Law and, after literary attempts, became a lawyer to the parlement of Paris. In 1789 he was elected by the Third Estate of the sénéchaussee of Annonay as deputy to the Estates-General. He was one of those who induced the Estates-General to proclaim itself a National Assembly on 17 June 1789, and approved, in several speeches, of the storming of the Bastille and of the taking of the royal family to Paris (October 1789). Boissy d'Anglas demanded that strict measures be taken against the Royalists who were conspiring in Southern France, and published some pamphlets on financial issues. During the Legislative Assembly, he was procureur-syndic for the directory of the département of Ardèche. During the Revolution Elected to the National Convention, he sat in the centre, le Marais, voting in the trial of Louis XVI for his detention until deportation should be judged expedient for the state. He was then representative on mission to Lyon, charged with investigating frauds in connection with the supplies of the Army of the Alps. Although he had been close to several Girondists, Boissy d'Anglas escaped arrest after François Hanriot's insurrection of 2 June 1793, and he was one of several centrist deputies who supported Maximilien Robespierre during the early stages of the Reign of Terror. However, he was gained over by the members of The Mountain hostile to Robespierre, and his support, along with that of some other leaders of the Marais, made possible the Thermidorian Reaction. Boissy d'Anglas was then elected a member of the Committee of Public Safety, and charged with the superintendence of the provisioning of Paris. He presented the report supporting the decree of 3 Ventôse of the year III (February 1795), which established freedom of religion. In the critical days of Germinal and of Prairial of the year III, he was noted for his courage. On 12 Germinal, the day of insurrection of 12 Germinal year III, he was in the tribune, reading a report on the food supplies, when the hall of the Convention was invaded; when they withdrew he quietly continued where he had been interrupted. During Insurrection of 1 Prairial, he was presiding over the Convention, and remained in his post despite insults and menaces of the insurgents. When the head of the deputy, Jean-Bertrand Féraud, was presented to him on the end of a pike, he saluted it impassively. Under the Directory He was protractor of the committee which drew up the Constitution of the Year III which established the French Directory; his report shows apprehension of a return of the Reign of Terror, and presents reactionary measures as precautions against the re-establishment of \"tyranny and anarchy\". This report, the proposal that he made (27 August 1795) to lessen the severity of the revolutionary laws, and the eulogies he received from several Paris", "title": "François Antoine de Boissy d'Anglas" }, { "docid": "192078", "text": "The National Constituent Assembly () was a constituent assembly in the Kingdom of France formed from the National Assembly on 9 July 1789 during the first stages of the French Revolution. It dissolved on 30 September 1791 and was succeeded by the Legislative Assembly. Background Estates-General The Estates General of 1789, (Etats Généraux) made up of representatives of the three estates, which had not been convened since 1614, met on 5 May 1789. The Estates-General reached a deadlock in its deliberations by 6 May. The representatives of the Third Estate attempted to make the whole body more effective and so met separately from 11 May as the Communes. On 12 June, the Communes invited the other Estates to join them: some members of the First Estate did so the following day. On 17 June 1789, the Communes approved the motion made by Sieyès that declared themselves the National Assembly by a vote of 490 to 90. The Third Estate now believed themselves to be a legitimate authority equal to that of the King. Elements of the First Estate, primarily parish priests who were closer in wealth to the Third Estate compared to the bishops who were closer in wealth to the Second Estate, joined the assembly from 13 June onwards and, on 19 June, the whole of the clergy voted to join the National Assembly. A legislative and a political agenda unfolded. Tennis Court Oath There were soon attempts by King Louis XVI and the Second Estate to prevent the delegates from meeting, as well as misunderstandings on both sides about each other's intentions. Locked out of its chamber, the new assembly, led by its president Jean-Sylvain Bailly, was forced to relocate to a nearby tennis court, on 20 June; there, it swore the Tennis Court Oath, (Le serment du Jeu de Paume) promising \"not to separate, and to reassemble wherever circumstances require, until the constitution of the kingdom is established and consolidated upon solid foundations.\" Failing to disperse the delegates, Louis started to recognize their validity on 27 June. The Assembly renamed itself the National Constituent Assembly on 9 July and began to function as a governing body and a constitution-drafter. However, it is common to refer to the body even after then as the \"National Assembly\" or the \"Constituent Assembly\". Structure in summer 1789 Following the storming of the Bastille on 14 July, the National Constituent Assembly became the effective government of France. In the words of historian François Mignet: The assembly had acquired the entire power; the corporations depended on it; the national guards obeyed it... the royal power, though existing of right, was in a measure suspended, since it was not obeyed, and the assembly had to supply its action by its own. The number of the Estates-General increased significantly during the election period, but many deputies took their time arriving, some of them reaching Paris as late as 1791. According to Timothy Tackett, there were a total of 1,177 deputies in the Assembly by mid-July", "title": "National Constituent Assembly (France)" }, { "docid": "405361", "text": "The term Fourth Estate or fourth power refers to the press and news media both in explicit capacity of advocacy and implicit ability to frame political issues. The derivation of the term arises from the traditional European concept of the three estates of the realm: the clergy, the nobility, and the commoners. The equivalent term \"fourth power\" is somewhat uncommon in English, but it is used in many European languages, including German (Vierte Gewalt), Italian (quarto potere), Spanish (Cuarto poder), French (Quatrième pouvoir), Swedish (tredje statsmakten [Third Estate]), Polish (Czwarta Władza), and Russian (четвёртая власть) to refer to a government's separation of powers into legislative, executive, and judicial branches. The expression has also been applied to lawyers, to the British Queen Consort (acting as a free agent independent of her husband), and to the proletariat. Etymology Oxford English Dictionary attributes, (\"without confirmation\") the origin of the term to Edmund Burke, who may have used it in a British parliamentary debate of 19–20 February 1771, on the opening up of press reporting of the House of Commons of Great Britain. Historian Thomas Carlyle reported the phrase in his account of the night's proceedings, published in 1840, attributing it to Burke. The press In modern use, the term is applied to the press, with the earliest use in this sense described by Thomas Carlyle in his book On Heroes and Hero Worship (1840): \"Burke said there were Three Estates in Parliament; but, in the Reporters' Gallery yonder, there sat a Fourth Estate more important far than they all.\" (The three estates of the parliament of Britain were: the Lords Spiritual, the Lords Temporal and the Commons.) If Burke made the statement Carlyle associates with him, Carlyle may have had the remark in mind when he wrote in his French Revolution (1837) that \"A Fourth Estate, of Able Editors, springs up; increases and multiplies, irrepressible, incalculable.\" In France the three estates of the French States-General were: the church, the nobility and enfranchised townsmen. Carlyle, however, may have mistaken his attribution: Thomas Macknight, writing in 1858, observes that Burke was merely a teller at the \"illustrious nativity of the Fourth Estate\". If Burke is excluded, other candidates for coining the term are Henry Brougham speaking in Parliament in 1823 or 1824 and Thomas Macaulay in an essay of 1828 reviewing Hallam's Constitutional History: \"The gallery in which the reporters sit has become a fourth estate of the realm.\" In 1821, William Hazlitt applied the term to an individual journalist, William Cobbett, and the phrase soon became well established. In 1891, Oscar Wilde wrote: In United States English, the phrase \"fourth estate\" is contrasted with the \"fourth branch of government\", a term that originated because no direct equivalents to the estates of the realm exist in the United States. The \"fourth estate\" is used to emphasize the independence of the press, while the \"fourth branch\" suggests that the press is not independent of the government. The networked Fourth Estate Yochai Benkler, author of the 2006", "title": "Fourth Estate" }, { "docid": "331335", "text": "Michel Louis Etienne Regnaud, later 1st Count Regnaud de Saint-Jean d'Angély (3 December 1761, Saint-Fargeau – 11 March 1819, Paris) was a French politician. Biography Early activities He was a lawyer in Paris and lieutenant of the maritime provostship of Rochefort. With the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789, he was elected deputy to the Estates-General by the Third Estate in the sénéchaussée of Saint-Jean-d'Angély. His eloquence made him a prominent figure in the National Constituent Assembly, where he boldly attacked Honoré Mirabeau, and settled the dispute about the ashes of Voltaire by decreeing that they belonged to the nation. Conflict with radicals The moderation shown by the measures he proposed at the time of King Louis XVI's flight to Varennes, by his refusal to accede to the demands for the king's execution, and by the articles he published in the Journal de Paris and the Ami des Patriotes, marked him out for the hostility of the radical parties. He was arrested after the revolution of 10 August, but succeeded in escaping, and during the Thermidorian Reaction which followed the fall of Maximilien Robespierre, Regnaud de Saint-Jean d'Angély was appointed administrator of the military hospitals in Paris. His powers of organization brought him to Napoleon's notice. He accompanied Napoleon during the French invasion of Malta in June 1798, but he became sick and did not participate in the subsequent campaign in Egypt. Regnaud was appointed Commissioner of Government of French-occupied Malta and he was the editor of the propaganda newspaper Journal de Malte before returning to France in November 1798. The following year, he took part in the 18 Brumaire Coup (9 November 1799). Empire and later life Under the Empire, he enjoyed the confidence of Napoleon Bonaparte, and was made councillor of state, president of election in the Conseil d'État, member of the Académie française, procureur général of the high court, and was created Count Regnaud de Saint-Jean d'Angély in 1808. He was dismissed on the first Bourbon Restoration, but resumed his posts during the Hundred Days, and, after the battle of Waterloo, persuaded the Emperor Napoleon to abdicate. He was exiled by the government of the Second Restoration, but subsequently obtained leave to return to France. He died on the day of his return to Paris. His supposed memoirs, Les Souvenirs du Comte Regnault de St Jean d'Angély (Paris, 1817), are spurious. Family Regnaud had married in 1795 Laure Guesnon de Bonneuil, the daughter of a former Maître d'Hôtel of the Count of Artois. They had no children, but his natural son Auguste Regnaud de Saint-Jean d'Angély became Marshal of France. Notes References Attribution 1761 births 1819 deaths People from Yonne Counts of the First French Empire Bonapartists Government ministers of France Members of the National Constituent Assembly (France) Members of the Chamber of Representatives (France) Members of Parliament for Charente-Maritime Newspaper editors of the French Revolution 18th-century French lawyers French occupation of Malta Expelled members of the Académie Française Commission des Sciences et des Arts members", "title": "Michel-Louis-Étienne Regnaud de Saint-Jean d'Angély" }, { "docid": "74606701", "text": "Anne Emmanuel François Georges de Crussol, Marquis of Amboise (30 May 1726 – 26 July 1794) was a French nobleman and military officer who was a deputy of the Second Estate at the Estates General of 1789. He was guillotined on the penultimate day of the Reign of Terror during the French Revolution. Military career On 8 December 1740, Amboise entered the French Royal Army as a musketeer and saw extensive service in the War of the Austrian Succession, beginning with the 1742 campaign in Flanders. By commission of 1 January 1743, he raised a company in the Royal-Poland cavalry regiment, which he commanded at the recapture of Weissemberg and the lines of the Lautern, at the Haguenau affair on 25 August 1744 and at the siege of Freiburg im Breisgau on 11 October 1744. On 14 December 1744, he obtained the post of second cornet of a company of the light horses of Brittany, and the rank of lieutenant-colonel of cavalry. He was at the Battle of Fontenoy on 11 May 1745, at the sieges of Tournay, Dendermonde, Oudenarde and Ath in 1745. On 1 December 1745, he joined the company of Gendarmes de Berry, and he participated with this unit at the sieges of Mons, Charleroi, Namur and at the Battle of Rocoux on 11 October 1746. On 20 January 1747, Amboise was second lieutenant of the company of gendarmes of Flanders, with the rank of mestre-de-camp of cavalry. He fought at the Battle of Lauffeld on 2 July 1747 and served at the siege of Maastricht in 1748. On 1 February 1749, he was appointed lieutenant captain of the Berry light horse company, which he commanded in the German army in 1757 during the Seven Years' War. On 3 January 1757, Amboise was made a Knight of Order of Saint Louis. He fought at Sondershausen, the capture of Cassel, the conquest of Hesse and the battle of Lutzelbourg in 1758. He was created brigadier on 10 February 1759, and was made colonel-lieutenant of the Queen's Regiment. On 15 October 1760, he commanded the Queen's Regiment at the Battle of Kloster Kampen, and in the Army of Germany in 1761. He was promoted to Maréchal de camp on 25 July 1762, and Lieutenant General on 1 March 1780. French Revolution In March 1789, he was elected deputy by the nobility of the sénéchaussée of Poitiers to the Estates General of 1789. In the National Constituent Assembly he aligned himself with reformists as the French Revolution took hold. He remained a member of the assembly until it was dissolved on 30 September 1791. He was later commissioned by the French First Republic to command a division in the French Revolutionary Army during the War of the First Coalition. In 1793, he became a suspect to the Jacobins. Amboise was arrested, put on trial and guillotined in Paris on 26 July 1794, the day before the fall of Maximilien Robespierre. Family Amboise was the son of Jean Emmanuel, Marquis of", "title": "Anne Emmanuel de Crussol, Marquis of Amboise" }, { "docid": "36317502", "text": "Bon Albert Briois de Beaumetz or Beaumez (23 December 1755 - 1801?) was a French statesman of the French Revolution. He is noteworthy as a conservative nobleman who nevertheless committed to serve the constitutional monarchy of the Constitution of 1791. Biography Born in Arras, Albert de Beaumetz was the son of an ardent royalist and a premier président of the Superior Council of Artois, a judiciary body of the ancien régime. In 1785, Beaumetz succeeded his father at the Council of Artois and became himself a distinguished personality. He was the lover of Jeanne Louise Henriette Genest Campan, a lady-in-waiting for Marie Antoinette. Each week, he entertained at his home the most important figures of the bar of Arras. It was to one of these meetings, in which the election campaign for the Estates General of 1789 was planned, that Maximilien Robespierre, member of the Artesian bar, was not invited. It revived an animosity between the erstwhile friends. French Revolution In the elections to the Estates General, Bon Albert de Beaumetz was elected as a member by the Second Estate of the Artois, while Maximilien Robespierre managed to get elected by the Third Estate. In the subsequent National Constituent Assembly, Beaumetz sat on the right side with conservatives such as the comte de Clermont-Tonnerre, yet is moderate in his conservatism. His interventions are many. He opted for the meeting of the three orders, called for the abolition of torture in the judicial procedure and requested the emission of 800 million assignat. After the close of the session of the Constituent Assembly in 1791, he became with Charles-Maurice of Talleyrand-Périgord a member of the directory of the department of the Seine. He tried in vain to put a brake on the rise of revolutionary violence, much more than his friend and colleague, the Bishop of Autun. He was, in spite of everything, the origin of the counter-revolutionary measures which this body had taken. Émigré After the day of fall of the French Monarchy (10 August 1792), Beaumetz emigrated, first to Germany, and then to England, where he found his friend Charles-Maurice of Talleyrand-Périgord in the spring of 1794. They traveled together to the United States. Having married the daughter of first United States Secretary of War Henry Knox, he was naturalised as an American citizen. In May 1796, accompanied by his wife, he travelled to India and was installed in Calcutta where he disappeared from history after a last letter sent by him in March 1801. References French Wikipedia article 1755 births 19th-century deaths People from Arras 18th-century French nobility Members of the National Constituent Assembly (France)", "title": "Bon-Albert Briois de Beaumetz" }, { "docid": "196825", "text": "Dominique Joseph Garat (8 September 17499 December 1833) was a French Basque writer, lawyer, journalist, philosopher and politician. Biography Garat was born at Bayonne, in the French Basque Country. After a good education under the direction of a relation who was a curé, and a period as an advocate at Bordeaux, he came to Paris, where he obtained introductions to the most distinguished writers of the time, and became a contributor to the Encyclopedie méthodique and the Mercure de France. He gained a reputation by an éloge on Michel de l'Hôpital in 1778, and was afterwards crowned three times by the Académie française for éloges on Suger, Montausier and Fontenelle. In 1785 he was named professor of history at the Lycée, where his lectures were as popular as those of Jean-François de La Harpe on literature. Elected as a deputy to the Estates-General in 1789, Garat rendered important service to the popular cause by his narrative of the proceedings of the Assembly, in the Journal de Paris. His elder brother, Dominique (1735–1799), with whom he is sometimes confused, was also a deputy to the states-general. Georges Danton named him minister of justice in 1792, and in this capacity entrusted to him what he called the commission affreuse of communicating to King Louis XVI his sentence of death. In 1793 Garat became minister of the interior, in which position he proved quite inefficient. Though himself uncorrupt, he overlooked the most scandalous corruption in his subordinates, and in spite of a detective service which kept him accurately informed of every movement in the capital, he failed to maintain order. At last, disgusted with the excesses which he had been unable to control, he resigned on 20 August 1793. On 2 October he was arrested for Girondist sympathies but soon released, and he escaped further molestation owing to the friendship of Barras and, more especially, of Robespierre. On the 9th Thermidor, however, he took sides against Robespierre, and on 12 September 1794 he was named by the convention as a member of the executive committee of public instruction. Last representative of Labourd and Basque autonomist He was elected along with his brother Dominique, dubbed the Old, to be representative of Labourd (Biltzar or Assembly of Ustaritz) in Paris for the third estate on the strength of certain diplomatic gains achieved for Labourd before King Louis XVI. When French Revolution broke out in Paris, both brothers attended the last Third Estate session turned into National Assembly (1790). He was confronted with traumatic decisions regarding a makeover of the institutional reality in Labourd. Up to that point the Basque province was ruled according to its native, foral system. Like the other Basque representatives, he was overwhelmed by the clean sweep proposal for all French administrations, but eventually voted in favour persuaded that it could give him and other Basque representatives a say in future institutional decisions. He was bitterly criticized and even disenfranchised back by the Assembly of Ustaritz for his vote. In 1790 and", "title": "Dominique Joseph Garat" } ]	[ "bourgeoisie", "peasants" ]
train_45923	where does the maze runner book take place	[ { "docid": "29022842", "text": "The Scorch Trials is a 2010 young adult post-apocalyptic dystopian science fiction novel written by American author James Dashner and the second book, fourth chronologically, in The Maze Runner series. The novel was published on 18 September 2010 by Delacorte Press. It follows The Maze Runner, and is followed by The Death Cure. A film adaptation was released on 18 September 2015 by 20th Century Fox. Plot Thomas is sleeping in the dormitory with the other teenagers, known as the Gladers, who escaped from the Maze in the previous book and had been brought by a group of rescuers. Thomas is woken by a telepathic communication with Teresa, the only girl from the Glade, who is afraid. As Thomas wakes up, he finds that the facility is being attacked by Cranks, aggressive zombie-like people that have been infected by a plague known as the Flare. The disease attacks the brain and causes victims to lose their humanity, rendering them violent and insane creatures. Cranks were normal citizens before the Flare, when they became crazed zombie-like killers. Thomas and the others escape into the facility's common area and discover that their rescuers are dead. They also find that Teresa is missing from her room, and in her place is a boy, Aris Jones. Aris explains he escaped from a similar Maze experiment, Group B, in which he was the only male. The boys then discover tattoos on their necks that assign them specific roles and fates. Thomas is stunned by his tattoo as his fate was written as “to be killed by Group B” which makes him worry more. The Gladers re-enter the common area and find that the bodies of their rescuers have disappeared. Since nothing has changed, the Gladers almost die of starvation. Thomas takes a rest and after waking up, he finds Minho with an apple. They meet a scientist from WICKED, described by the boys as 'Rat Man' because of his rat-like appearance, who explains WICKED has been studying them to try to find a cure for the Flare. He tells them they have been infected with the Flare and in two weeks must get through the Scorch, the most burned-out section of the Earth after the sun flares, to find a safe haven and get the cure. To get into the Scorch, the Gladers go through a Flat Trans, which is a type of portal that closes five minutes after the set hour. The Gladers travel to the Scorch through the Flat Trans and find themselves in a tunnel filled with metal slicing mechanisms that kills at least two Gladers and nearly kills Winston. They escape into the desert and find a building in which a girl is screaming. Thomas discovers that the screaming is artificial and enters the building to find Teresa, who kisses him and tells him that he needs to stay away from her. As the Gladers search for supplies, Thomas begins to recover memories of the relationship that he had with Teresa", "title": "The Scorch Trials" } ]	[ { "docid": "1617606", "text": "The MacArthur Maze (or more simply the Maze; formally, the East Bay Distribution Structure) is a large freeway interchange in Oakland, California. It splits traffic coming off the east end of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge into three freeways: the Eastshore (I-80/I-580), MacArthur (I-580) and Nimitz (I-880). Description San Francisco Bay Area traffic funnels across the few bridges spanning the bay, so the Maze's central location near the east end of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge makes it a hub for east–west and north–south traffic accessing San Francisco and Oakland. It is also next to the Port of Oakland, the fourth-busiest container port in the United States. Four freeways intersect at this interchange: Interstate 80 from the Maze heads west across the Bay Bridge into San Francisco, where it joins US 101. The Interstate 80/Interstate 580 wrong-way concurrency from the Maze heads north through Berkeley and western Contra Costa County. Just north of the Berkeley-Albany border, about north of the Maze, the concurrency splits. Interstate 80 heads northeast towards Sacramento. Interstate 580 heads northwest towards the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge and eventually to Marin County, where it joins U.S. 101 in San Rafael. Interstate 580 from the Maze heads southeast through Oakland. A mile southeast is an interchange with State Route 24/Interstate 980, a corridor for commuters from Contra Costa County. I-580 continues southeast along the foot of the hills (and nearly atop the trace of the Hayward Fault) to Castro Valley. I-580 then turns east and continues through the Livermore Valley, over Altamont Pass, and ending up near Tracy, where it terminates at Interstate 5. Interstate 880 from the Maze heads south and southeast through Oakland along the Oakland Estuary, past the Oakland International Airport, and the Oakland Coliseum, then through southern Alameda County to San Jose where it turns into Highway 17 to Santa Cruz. Local traffic using the interchange includes East Bay commuters to and from San Francisco via the Bay Bridge, as well as drivers traveling up and down the East Bay. For long-distance traffic accessing other parts of the country, I-80 is the primary Interstate Highway for points east. Although Interstate 5, the main north–south Interstate Highway on the West Coast of the United States, bypasses the Bay Area to the east, connections are provided to the Maze via I-505 and I-80 from the north, and I-580 to the south. Furthermore, drivers on US 101 who want to bypass San Francisco can use I-880 from San Jose to the Maze, and then I-580 across the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge. Despite the interchange's size, it does not permit complete freedom of movement. Drivers approaching the Maze on I-880 from the south cannot directly access I-580 east, nor can drivers on I-580 from the east directly access I-880 south. In at least one instance, the MacArthur Maze has been considered to include or instead refer to the four-level stack interchange completed in 1985 between California State Route 24, Interstate 980, and Interstate 580, about east of the East Bay", "title": "MacArthur Maze" }, { "docid": "53624654", "text": "Labyrinth of Refrain: Coven of Dusk is a dungeon crawler role playing video game developed and published by Nippon Ichi Software. It was released in Japan in June 2016 for the PlayStation Vita and in September 2017 for the PlayStation 4. The game was then released internationally on PlayStation 4, Nintendo Switch, and Microsoft Windows in September 2018. It was followed by Labyrinth of Galleria: The Moon Society. Gameplay The player walks through the dungeon using a first-person view, which allows the player to navigate it in fixed increments. A dungeon is presented using simple 3D computer graphics. After a random encounter, the party of the player battles a group of monsters, which are presented as 2D sprites, in a turn-based battle. Because the player character is a book, the witch in the game creates dolls that do the fighting for the player. Dolls are sorted in six classes, so-called Facets: Aster Knights, Shinobushi, Theatrical Stars, Peer Fortresses, Marginal Mazes, and Mad Raptors. Wielding two-handed weapons, an Aster Knight is balanced in defending and attacking. Shinobushi specialize in speed and dual-wielding swords. Theatrical Stars use special weapons called Spell Bells, allowing them to support other characters in the party while not doing direct damage to opponents. Peer Fortresses are the tanks of the game. They have tough armor and can take heavy hits. Marginal Mazes use special spells called Donam, which they use for support of other party members. They also perform flame, mud, and fog-based attacks by using special weapons called Eclipse Stands. Mad Raptors use weapons called Hyakka Yumi that shoot out flame, mud, and fog-based attacks. Plot Set in the town Refrain, Labyrinth of Refrain: Coven of Dusk revolves around a cursed underground labyrinth where people cannot survive very long. Despite that, a certain witch named Madame Dronya comes along with her assistant Luca and volunteers to explore the labyrinth. She is the owner of a legendary book called Tractatus de Monstrum (Youro Rekitei), which role the player fulfills. Together with the witch as their owner, the player challenges the dungeon. Soon, the player finds a strange place called Antechamber, which connects the initial Dungeon to another world. Each of those worlds, presented as Dungeons, are connected to even more different worlds by Antechambers. While the player travels through different Dungeons, they see fragments of Madame Dronya's past and learns that they are supposed to find three special keys that will open the gate to the realm of the dead, where the deceased can potentially be revived. During her adventure, Dronya sometimes gets into situations which end fatal for her. But somehow, time turns back to moments before these things happen and the situation gets altered in the process, allowing Dronya to survive them. Madame Dronya is eager to revive one person that she lost in the past. But Baba Yaga, who was a teacher of Magic for Dronya and other girls, wants the keys for herself. Dronya is able to trick Baba Yaga and lure her", "title": "Labyrinth of Refrain: Coven of Dusk" }, { "docid": "24070124", "text": "Tunnel Runner is a first person maze game released by CBS Electronics in 1983 for the Atari 2600. It was programmed by Richard K. Balaska Jr. Tunnel Runner is one of three CBS games for the Atari 2600 with an additional 256 bytes of RAM in each cartridge, a feature promoted by CBS as \"RAM Plus.\" The other two RAM Plus games are Mountain King and the port of Omega Race. Gameplay The game offers two modes of gameplay. The GAME1 mode is a campaign mode, with pre-programmed levels that never change. GAME2 mode generates random mazes for each level. In the game, the player has a first person view of a maze to navigate. The task is to locate and use the exit door of the labyrinth within a certain time limit. Whilst many mazes have multiple exit doors, the player must find the key hidden somewhere in the labyrinth. Once the key is obtained the player can leave and progress to the next maze. However, if the player could not find a way out of the labyrinth within the time limit they have to repeat the level upon finding the exit. At higher levels the available time decreases considerably. Apart from the time limit, there are many other obstacles in each level. Several creatures - called Zots - are scouting the tunnels, looking for the player. Unarmed, the player must avoid them at all costs in order to quickly find the key and exit to the next level. This is quite easy at the start, but later the game becomes harder by placing more Zots on each level (up to a maximum of four). Above all this, the Zots get faster and faster up to a certain limit and at higher levels they can even pass through walls. This is not a glitch, the manual refers to this as \"Zot magic\". Because of the Atari's limitations, the game lacks a turning animation when changing directions, so it is easy to become disoriented, especially when the Zots are chasing the player. It is also worth mentioning that the walls' colour constantly changes in each maze. The most difficult levels have black walls where only the floor is visible and the doors themselves cannot be seen (making it impossible to know what type they are). Tunnel Runner features many black levels in a row periodically, making them a real challenge to pass. To compensate the increasing difficulty of the game, the player's running speed also increases during the game. The small arrow on the time indicator always pinpoints the direction the player is facing, and the player also has a map to help him out of each maze. The player may press the FIRE button to view a map of the current level in overhead form which shows the location of the player, the Zots, the key and the exit. As the levels progress the increasing difficulty also affects the map, such as making the map invisible (especially on black", "title": "Tunnel Runner" }, { "docid": "33616203", "text": "3-D Monster Chase is a first-person maze game written by Dave Noonan and released by Romik in 1984 for the Amstrad CPC and ZX Spectrum. A version for Camputers Lynx titled 3-D Monster Craze was developed by Camsoft. Gameplay The player is trapped within the three floors of a subterranean maze. Their task is to search for the missing keys whilst avoiding the monsters guarding them. Each time that the player finds a key and returns to the starting point, a bomb is activated and must be defused within a limited time. There are 5 skill levels, level 5 being the hardest. There are seven keys to be found. Key one has to be found first, then returned to the players starting place. Immediately after returning the key the first bomb starts ticking. If the player does not find the bomb in time then they will lose a life, if they find the bomb in time, they will then have to return to their starting place. Now the player must find key one and key two before returning to their starting place. Immediately after returning a new bomb begins ticking. The sequence repeat with a new key being added until the player has collected all seven keys. At the top of the screen there is a radar screen which shows the players position as a solid white dot and the monsters positions as flashing white dots. The player starts the game with a limited number of grenades, which if used at the correct range will destroy a monster. The number of grenades remaining are shown on the top left of the screen. The three floors are named Zeta, Alpha & Delta. The player starts on Zeta floor. The keys and the bomb can be on any floor. When they are wandering around the maze they may occasionally see a key with a higher number than the one they are looking for. The player can only pick up the keys in numerical order. To change floors they will need to use lifts. A red coloured lift will take the player down, while a blue coloured lift will take them up. (Taken from the inlay text.) Reception Sinclair User rated 3-D Monster Chase only 3 out of 10, with the comment \"a maze game can be exciting, skilful, and even original. 3D Monster Chase is none of those things.\" In the 3rd issue of Crash magazine, the reviewer called 3-D Monster Chase, \"good value for money\" (it was £6.99). ZX Computing awarded 3-D Monster Chase 70% for value, describing it as a \"good game, but not particularly original\". References External links 3-D Monster Chase at The CPC Wiki 1984 video games Amstrad CPC games Camputers Lynx games ZX Spectrum games Maze games Video games developed in the United Kingdom", "title": "3-D Monster Chase" }, { "docid": "706728", "text": "Robert Abbott (March 2, 1933February 20, 2018) was an American game inventor, sometimes referred to by fans as \"The Official Grand Old Man of Card Games\". Though early in his life he worked as a computer programmer with the IBM 360 assembly language, he began designing games in the 1950s. Two of his more popular creations include the chess variant Baroque chess (also known as Ultima) and Crossings, which later became Epaminondas. Eleusis was also successful, appearing in several card game collections, such as Hoyle's Rules of Games and New Rules for Classic Games, among others. In 1963, Abbott himself released a publication, Abbott's New Card Games, which included instructions for all of his card games, in addition to Baroque chess. Abbott also invented logic mazes, the first of which appeared in Martin Gardner's Mathematical Games column in the October 1962 issue of Scientific American. One of the more prominent of these is Theseus and the Minotaur, which was originally published in the book Mad Mazes. His game Confusion was named \"Best New Abstract Strategy Game\" for 2012 by GAMES Magazine. Biography Abbott was born in St. Louis, Missouri, and attended St. Louis Country Day School. Abbott went to Yale for two years, then attended the University of Colorado for another two, but never graduated. Soon after, Abbott moved to New York, where he and his games were discovered by Martin Gardner. In 1963, after Abbott's book, Abbott's New Card Games, received only moderate success, he \"got tired of being poor\" and moved back to St. Louis. There, he became a computer programmer at the Washington University in St. Louis Computer Research Laboratory. In 1965, he moved back to New York, where he continued to work as a computer programmer, mostly with the IBM 360 assembly language. Abbott created all of his card games during the 1950s, starting with Babel in 1951, and ending with Auction in 1956. Soon after, he moved to New York City, where the rules for his game Eleusis were first published by Martin Gardner in his Mathematical Games column. Motivated by the article, Abbott self-published the rules for four of his card games in the book Four New Card Games in 1962, which he sold by mail. In 1963, the book Abbott's New Card Games was published by Sol Stein of Stein and Day, containing the rules for all eight of his card games and the rules for his chess variant, Baroque chess. In 1968, the publisher Funk & Wagnalls published a paperback edition of Abbott's New Card Games, in which Abbott slightly modified the rules of Baroque chess, but these changes never became popular. Around the same time that Abbott's New Card Games was published, Abbott sent his maze, Traffic Maze in Floyd's Knob, to Martin Gardner. This was the first logic maze to be published, appearing in Gardner's Mathematical Games column. After that time, Abbott created various mazes, most of which appeared in the books SuperMazes and Mad Mazes. In 2008, RBA Libros", "title": "Robert Abbott (game designer)" }, { "docid": "25310910", "text": "Purposive behaviorism is a branch of psychology that was introduced by Edward Tolman. It combines the study of behavior while also considering the purpose or goal of behavior. Tolman thought that learning developed from knowledge about the environment and how the organism relates to its environment. Tolman's goal was to identify the complex cognitive mechanisms and purposes that guided behavior. His theories on learning went against the traditionally accepted stimulus-response connections (see classical conditioning) at his time that had been proposed by other psychologists such as Edward Thorndike. Tolman disagreed with John B.Watson's behaviorism, so he initiated his own behaviorism, which became known as purposive behaviorism. Tolman's purposive behaviorism focused on meaningful behavior, or molar behavior, such as kicking a ball. This focus was in contrast to simple muscle movements or molecular behavior such as flexing of the leg muscle. Tolman regarded the molecular behavior as fairly removed from human perceptual capacities for a meaningful analysis of behavior. This approach of Tolman's was first introduced in his book, Purposive Behavior in Animals and Men, published in 1932. To Tolman, it was obvious that all actions of behavior are goal-oriented, including those for animals. The main difference between other types of behaviorism and Tolman's purposive behaviorism is that in his view behavior is goal oriented. Tolman's cognitive maps Tolman's experiment Tolman's investigation used rats to represent clinical behaviors of men. He had the rats go through mazes. A hungry rat was put at the entrance of a maze, wandering through it until he gets to the food. In the maze, there are true segment paths and blind alleys. Trials for every rat reoccurred every 24 hours. The more trials the rats completed, the fewer errors, which he characterized by the rat avoiding the blind alleys. A maze was used by Tolman in the following experiment: at point A, a hungry rat was placed as the starting point; point B was where the food for the rat was placed. The rat learned to get to B for food throughout the trials. In these experiments, Tolman was looking at how the reinforcement in the trials contributed to the rat learning their way through the maze and to the food with fewer errors. Tolman's evaluation of these experiments led to his theory of latent learning. Tolman's interpretation of the experiment Tolman wondered what the rat had learned when he quickly discovered how to go through the maze to get to the food. Tolman believed that the rat had developed a cognitive map of his maze, with knowledge of where the food was located. With this research, he believed this experiment supported his notion that this learning was not rooted in stimulus-response connections but in the nervous system of sets which are to function like cognitive maps. Also, Tolman assumed that these cognitive maps vary from a narrow strip of variety to a broader, comprehensive variety. Tolman showed in his study that the rats exhibited a capability of latent learning. The results showed that the", "title": "Purposive behaviorism" }, { "docid": "37712381", "text": "The Army Beta 1917 is the non-verbal complement of the Army Alpha—a group-administered test developed by Robert Yerkes and six other committee members to evaluate some 1.5 million military recruits in the United States during World War I. The Army used it to evaluate illiterate, unschooled, and non-English speaking army recruits. It has been recognized as an archetype of future cognitive ability tests. The time to administer the test was 50 to 60 minutes and was generally administered to 100–200 men in a group. The Army discontinued the test after World War I. Structure The Army Beta is divided into seven tests. Administrators ask recruits to complete each test as quickly as they possibly can. The test subject uses a blackboard frame, blackboard chart, and cardboard pieces. Test 1 This test assessed the ability of army recruits to trace the path of a maze. To conduct the test, the administrator has a demonstrator trace a maze in front of the recruits slowly with a crayon. While doing so, at one point the demonstrator purposefully makes a mistake and waits until the administrator corrects him. After the administrator does so, the demonstrator traces the rest of the maze and indicates that it must be done quickly. After this, the administrator has the army recruits take the maze test in their books, by pointing to the subjects, then the books and telling them to \"hurry up.\" While they take the test, the demonstrator attempts to rush the army recruits, and after two minutes, tells them to stop. Test 2 This test assesses the ability to do cube analysis. To administer this, the administrator points to a three-cube model on the blackboard and has the army recruits count how many cubes there are. He then does the same with a 12-cube model. After demonstrating how the test works, he has the recruits turn to the next page in their books and begin. The test has 17 items ascending difficulty: 1) 2-cube model, 2) 4-cube model, 3) 6-cube model, 4) 8-cube model, 5) 12-cube model, 6) 27-cube model, 7) 15-cube model, 8) 15-cube model, 9) 18-cube model, 10) 19-cube model, 11) 40-cube model, 12) 10-cube model, 13) 22-cube model, 14) 13-cube model, 15) 20-cube model, 16) 50-cube model. After 2 minutes and 30 seconds, the test is over and the administrator tells the recruits to stop. Test 3 This test assesses pattern analysis ability using an X-O series. The administrator first points to the blank rectangles at the end, then draws an O. The demonstrator then draws in the rest of the pattern. The administrator and the demonstrator do the same with another pattern using an X. The administrator then has the army recruits do the same with the problems in their books. After 1 minute and 45 seconds, the test is over and the administrator tells them to stop. Test 4 This assesses the ability to code digits with symbols. The administrator first points to the first digit of the key on a", "title": "Army Beta" }, { "docid": "39716927", "text": "John Paesano (born July 2, 1977) is an American composer working primarily in film, television, and video games. He is known for collaborating with director Wes Ball on the Maze Runner film trilogy and Kingdom of the Planet of the Apes, as well as composing for the Marvel Television series Daredevil and The Defenders. As a video game composer, he has contributed music to the acclaimed titles Detroit: Become Human and the three installments in the Marvel's Spider-Man series. Paesano won the BAFTA Games Award for Music (Marvel's Spider-Man: Miles Morales), as well as the D.I.C.E. Award for Outstanding Achievement in Original Music Composition (Marvel's Spider-Man 2). Biography Paesano was born in Birmingham, Michigan. He first studied classical music at Conservatoire de Paris located in Parc de la Villette, France before continuing his studies at Berklee College of Music pursuing a major in musical composition and film scoring. John knew from the age of nine years old, he wanted to become a music composer. He then worked under composers Jerry Goldsmith and John Williams providing additional music for the former, and orchestrating for the latter. Paesano cites Steven Spielberg's 1987 film Empire of the Sun as his motivation for getting into film scoring. In 2014, Paesano was hired to compose the music for The Maze Runner. Speaking of the job, he recalled seeing Wes Ball's 2011 short film, Ruin and was intrigued by it, composing a short demo (which eventually would become the \"Maze Runner\" theme) for Ball. He visited the sets in New Orleans, observing the \"environmental soundscape\" and tried to incorporate the natural sounds into his score. He recorded the score with an orchestra at the Newman Scoring Stage with sessions running for 2 weeks. Paesano would later return to score the 2nd and 3rd film of the series, Maze Runner: The Scorch Trials and Maze Runner: The Death Cure. Paesano was later tasked with composing the score to Spider-Man developed by Insomniac Games, joining the game's development in the early stages. He worked with game director Bryan Intihar and brought about creating several character themes, emphasising the need for the music to be its \"own character\" in the game. Paesano ensured that his music struck a balance between the cinematics and the gameplay as he wanted the player to be fully immersed. He looked at distinguishing his music from past Spider-Man films and games and decided to focus on creating a musical identity for Peter Parker. In 2021, he composed the music for the Avengers Campus themed area at Disney California Adventure, combining themes from the MCU's Avengers, Spider-Man, Doctor Strange, Guardians of the Galaxy, Ant-Man, Captain Marvel, and Black Panther films; a single entitled \"Welcome Recruits\" was released in April 2022. Filmography Film Television Video games Theme park attractions Awards References External links John Paesano on Twitter 1977 births 21st-century American composers 21st-century classical composers American classical composers American film score composers American male classical composers American male film score composers American television composers Animation composers", "title": "John Paesano" }, { "docid": "52480819", "text": "Thomas Scott Nowlin is an American screenwriter. He is known for writing the screenplays for the films James Dashner's The Maze Runner film adaptation trilogy (2014–2018), Pacific Rim Uprising (2018), and The Adam Project (2022). Early life and career Nowlin went to Florida State University. Nowlin wrote his debut screenplay in 2014 of a science fiction action film The Maze Runner, which was directed by Wes Ball. He also wrote the script of its sequel film Maze Runner: The Scorch Trials, released in 2015, and Maze Runner: The Death Cure, the final installment of the trilogy. Nowlin also co-wrote the screenplay and story for the film Pacific Rim Uprising, with director Steven S. DeKnight. Future projects In 2010, it was reported that Nowlin had written a spec script Columbus about Christopher Columbus, which was bought by Relativity Media with McG attached to direct the film. He also wrote a western thriller spec Wild Guns which he sold to Warner Bros. in April 2011, Gianni Nunnari would produce the film through Hollywood Gang Productions. In April 2012, it was reported that Universal Pictures had bought the distribution rights to Agent 13, an adaptation of comic book Agent 13: The Midnight Avenger, adapted by Nowlin with Charlize Theron attached to star and Rupert Wyatt to direct. Later in July 2012, 20th Century Fox hired Ball and Nowlin to co-write the script of feature live-action adaptation of Ball's animated short film Ruin, which Ball would also direct. In October 2012, Nowlin's spec script Our Name Is Adam was bought by producer Mary Parent with attaching Tom Cruise to play the lead role. The film was later renamed to The Adam Project and has Ryan Reynolds co-starring with Jennifer Garner, with a slated release for March 11, 2022. Filmography References External links Living people 21st-century American male writers 21st-century American screenwriters American male screenwriters Florida State University alumni Year of birth missing (living people)", "title": "T. S. Nowlin" }, { "docid": "57457468", "text": "One Fat Summer is a teen drama novel written by American author Robert Lipsyte, published in 1977. In 2018, the novel was adapted into a motion picture titled Measure of a Man, starring Blake Cooper, Donald Sutherland, Luke Wilson, and Judy Greer and was distributed by Great Point Media. Synopsis Bobby Marks, an overweight 14-year-old boy, experiences a coming of age summer, in which he learns to stand up for himself. Characters Bobby Marks: the protagonist of the story, an overweight 14-year-old boy Dr. Kahn: an estate owner who hires Bobby to manage his lawn Lenore Marks: Bobby's mother Marty Marks: Bobby's father Michelle Marks: Bobby's older sister Pete Marino: Michelle's boyfriend Joanie Williams: Bobby's friend Willie Rumson: the antagonist of the story, Bobby's nemesis Inspiration The protagonist of One Fat Summer, Bobby Marks, is similar to author Robert Lipsyte: Bobby is an adolescent in the 1950s, suffering from a weight problem, who does something about it. He takes a summer job mowing lawns and, as a result, loses weight and gains self-confidence. In 1952, Lipsyte took a summer job as a lawn boy and lost forty pounds, ridding himself of the youthful stigma of excess weight. Film adaptation In June 2015, director Jim Loach started pre-production for the film with screenwriter David Scearce, who wrote the screenplay, based on Robert Lipsyte's novel. The film went into production several months later when Donald Sutherland and The Maze Runner star Blake Cooper joined the cast on September 23, 2015. Sutherland plays Dr. Kahn, and Blake Cooper plays character Bobby. On October 5, 2015, Judy Greer and Luke Wilson joined the film alongside Sutherland and Cooper, to play Bobby's parents. The film was released on May 11, 2018. See also 1977 in literature List of teen dramas References External links Official website 1977 American novels American young adult novels Harper & Row books", "title": "One Fat Summer" }, { "docid": "6724893", "text": "Shroud of Shadow is a novel written by Gael Baudino in 1994. It is the third in the Strands of Starlight tetralogy. The other novels are Strands of Starlight, Maze of Moonlight, and Strands of Sunlight. Plot introduction The protagonist of Shroud of Shadow is Natil the elf. Introduced in Strands of Starlight as a minor character and developed more in Maze of Moonlight, she has returned to Adria from wandering the earth looking for Elves. All of the other Elves introduced in the previous two books have died or faded in some manner, though only Varden, Terrill, and Mirya's fates are specifically described. This story takes place in 1500 CE, about a century after Maze of Moonlight, though it is intercut with scenes of 1990's Denver, Colorado, United States, where two people are experiencing the awakening of Elven blood. Plot summary Natil returns to Adria convinced that she is the last of the elves on Earth. This realization, as well as the gradual fading of her powers, has provoked a crisis of faith in her; she still wants to aid and comfort all whom she meets, but with every day, her powers wane and she becomes more and more human. She has begun to sleep, something she has never done before. While she sleeps, she dreams of humans in 1990 Denver, George and Sally, who are becoming Elves. Near the fishing town of Maris, she encounters Omelda, a nun recently escaped from Shrinerock Abbey, who is tormented by voices in her head. Every day, Omelda hears the rituals marking the Canonical hours in her head, without fail. Though she fights them, they take over her mind and make her little more than a zombie for people to take advantage of as they wish. On her way to commit suicide by casting herself off the cliffs overlooking Maris, Omelda falls afoul of some village guardsmen, who barter her safe passage for sex. Continuing on, she sees Natil's campfire, hears her harp music, and she finds that the harp music quiets the voices in her head. Traveling with Omelda, Natil takes employment with Jacob Aldernacht, a prosperous merchant: she as a harper, and Omelda as a housekeeper. Omelda quickly falls into the clutches of Jacob's grandsons, Edvard and Norman, who make her their sex toy. Dazed by the constant voices in her head, Omelda can only endure. Natil becomes friends with Jacob and starts trying to comfort him; though he is rich, he is lonely and bitter. One night Natil realizes what the grandsons are doing to Omelda, finds them in their secret lair in the Aldernacht house, and kills them both. Fleeing the Aldernacht house, Natil determines to return Omelda to Shrinerock Abbey. Omelda has developed an infection and is deathly sick due to her misuse by Edvard and Norman, so Natil and she stop in the Free Town of Furze for medical assistance. Due to Omelda's delirious ravings, they fall into the clutches of the Inquisition and are taken", "title": "Shroud of Shadow" }, { "docid": "1311814", "text": "Tina Maze (; born 2 May 1983) is a retired Slovenian World Cup alpine ski racer. Career Maze is the most successful Slovenian ski racer in history with a career that culminated with two gold medals at the 2014 Winter Olympics. She was awarded the title of the Slovenian Sportswoman of the Year in 2005, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2014 and 2015, and with her four medals she is the most decorated Slovenian athlete at the Winter Olympics. Maze started her career as a giant slalom specialist, but later competed in all five alpine skiing disciplines. She is one of seven female racers who has won in all five World Cup disciplines and one of three to do so in a single season. Maze is the 2014 Olympic champion in downhill and giant slalom and the 2015 world champion in downhill and combined. She was also the world champion in giant slalom in 2011 and super-G in 2013. Maze won a total of 26 World Cup races during her career, and won the World Cup overall title in 2013. In that season, she won 11 races and tallied a record number of World Cup points – 2414, beating the previous record of Hermann Maier of 2000 points from the 2000 season. She also won the super-G and giant slalom titles, and finished first in the combined event (although no globe was awarded) and finished second in slalom and downhill. Maze also improved Maier's previous record of podium finishes in a single season (22) with 24 podiums. Early years Maze made her World Cup debut at age 15 in Slovenia in January 1999, in a giant slalom race at Maribor. During her early World Cup seasons, Maze competed in slalom, giant slalom, and super-G, but scored World Cup points only in the first two disciplines. At the 2001 World Championships, Maze's best result was a 16th place in slalom. In January 2002, Maze won her first podium, a second place in giant slalom in Maribor. At the 2002 Winter Olympics in the United States, Maze finished twelfth in the giant slalom in her Olympic debut at Park City, Utah. 2003–2004 seasons On 26 October 2002, Maze won her first World Cup race at the season opener in Sölden, Austria. She shared the giant slalom win with Nicole Hosp of Austria and Andrine Flemmen of Norway in the first-ever a three-way tie in a World Cup race. Maze finished the 2003 season on the 38th place in the overall standings with 190 points, all in giant slalom. At the 2003 World Championships, she finished 5th in giant slalom. In the 2004 season, Maze scored one podium, a runner-up position in giant slalom, and finished 33rd in the overall standings with 244 points. She scored her first points in super-G and started competing in downhill races. 2005–2008 seasons The 2005 season was a successful season for Maze as she won 3 giant slalom races and scored two super-G podiums, both 3rd places. She finished", "title": "Tina Maze" }, { "docid": "13221722", "text": "The Tillerman Cycle is a series of children's novels by the author Cynthia Voigt. Currently there are seven titles in the series. Titles in the Cycle Homecoming (1981) Dicey's Song (1982) – winner of Newbery Medal (1983) A Solitary Blue (1983) – winner of Newbery Honor Award (1984) The Runner (1985) Come a Stranger (1986) Sons from Afar (1987) Seventeen Against the Dealer (1989) The series does not follow a strict chronological order. Dicey's Song, A Solitary Blue, and Come a Stranger are interlocked and overlap. The Runner is a standalone novel and the events in it take place about ten years before Homecoming. Synopsis In Homecoming, the four Tillerman children search for a new home after they are abandoned by their emotionally ill mother. Dicey and her younger brothers and sister eventually settle in with their grandmother (\"Gram\") on a stark homestead in Crisfield, Maryland on the Chesapeake Bay. In Dicey's Song, Dicey is confused about where she fits into the family now that Gram has taken over responsibility for the youngsters, but she soon learns that the family still needs her resourcefulness and solid good sense. In her spare time, Dicey works at restoring a derelict sailboat, meticulously sanding down layers of old paint. Metaphorically, her emotional defenses wear away as she slowly opens to hope, friendship, expressive writing, and finally acceptance of her mother's death. When Gram and Dicey bring her mother's ashes home from Boston, the broken family is nearly healed. The Runner is about Samuel \"Bullet\" Tillerman, Gram's son and the children's uncle, and takes place before any of the other books in the series. A Solitary Blue covers events in the life of Jeff Greene, Dicey's love interest. Come a Stranger covers events in the life of Wilhemina Smiths, Dicey's best friend. In Sons from Afar, James enlists his brother Sammy's help to find Francis Verricker, who may be the father who deserted them long ago. Seventeen Against the Dealer resumes Dicey's life story. Main characters Dicey Tillerman: Eldest of the four Tillerman children, Dicey is the central character of three of the novels: Homecoming, Dicey's Song, and Seventeen Against the Dealer. She was born somewhere between 1965–1968 to single mother, Liza Tillerman, and her wayward lover Francis Verricker in Provincetown, Massachusetts. As her mother was mentally unstable for most of their childhood, Dicey acted in a parenting role from a very young age. Dicey is fiercely independent and a problem-solver. She is very realistic and driven. Because she grew up quickly to take care of her siblings, she struggles to fit in with her peers. She loves boats and hopes to build them professionally. James Tillerman: James Tillerman is the next eldest child, a thinker rather than a doer, and a natural loner. He loves books and learning, and did well academically but did not have any friends at school. James is known for having ideas and plans. He works from an early point towards getting a scholarship to college, James struggles with", "title": "Tillerman Cycle" }, { "docid": "39445937", "text": "Jacob Seth Lofland (born July 30, 1996) is an American actor best known for his role as Neckbone in the film Mud and for his role as Aris in Maze Runner: The Scorch Trials and Maze Runner: The Death Cure. Life and career Lofland was born in Briggsville, Arkansas, the son of Billy and Debra Lofland. He began his film career playing Neckbone in Jeff Nichols' Mud, with Matthew McConaughey and Tye Sheridan. The director wanted to find a young actor locally for the part, and had casting notices placed in regional newspapers. Coming across one of them, Lofland's mother recognized that her son fit every adjective of Neck's personality description, as well as bringing the boating and cycle riding experience for which Nichols was looking. Lofland sent in an application, and was called in to read for the casting director in Little Rock. Less than three weeks after his mother saw the open casting call in the paper, Lofland took his first plane flight to Austin to audition for Nichols and producer Sarah Green. He was offered the role and within a month found himself on location with a full movie crew. In 2013, he joined the cast of Little Accidents, presented at the 2014 Sundance Film Festival. In 2014, he joined the cast of the new season of Justified, and in 2015, he co-starred as Aris in the film Maze Runner: The Scorch Trials. In 2018, Lofland reprised the role in Maze Runner: The Death Cure. Filmography Film Television Awards and nominations References External links 1996 births American male child actors Living people People from Yell County, Arkansas", "title": "Jacob Lofland" }, { "docid": "2250835", "text": "Amazing is an Australian children's television game show that aired between 16 May 1994 until 1998 on the Seven Network. It was famous for a relatively large and elaborate maze/obstacle course that was part of the show's studio set. Amazing was hosted by James Sherry for the entire run of the series. Amazing was produced at Channel 7 in Brisbane from 1994 to 1996 and then at Channel 7 in Perth from 1997 to 1998. Format The show pitted teams from two different primary schools against each other during the course of a week. Points gained by each contestant during the week would be totalled up to decide the winning school at the end of each week. There were two rounds of a game called \"Timezone\", each followed by a maze run, then the contestants competed in a \"computer challenge\" on a video game. Timezone In Timezone, a 90-second countdown timer begins, and Sherry begins to provide clues to a word or phrase to the first school's contestants. Contestants have to correctly guess the word or phrase before running down to a large QWERTY keyboard mounted on the floor and stepping on the letters to spell it out. The process is repeated for the second school. If contestants were unable to guess the word initially, the clues would get easier until the word was spelled out by Sherry. The time remaining determines how many points they get, plus how long each school gets to spend in the maze during round two. Maze Run After both teams had completed Timezone, one contestant from each school would enter the maze and attempt to collect the letters of the answer which are hidden in such places as a garbage can, or behind a mock cactus. Ten points are given for every letter they retrieve inside the maze before their time runs out. Occasionally, the maze would include letters that are not part of the answer; if a contestant collected these superfluous letters, they would not receive any extra points in addition to the points earned by collecting the valid letters. Computer Challenge After the teams had completed two maze runs, the contestants competed in a video game face off. During the course of the show, three different gaming platforms, all provided by sponsor Nintendo, were used. Originally, the Super Nintendo Entertainment System (1994–1996), and later the Nintendo 64 (1997–1998). Games played included Tetris, Bubsy, Donkey Kong Country, Donkey Kong Country 2: Diddy's Kong Quest, Super Mario World, Nigel Mansell's World Championship, Plok, Pac-Attack, 1080° Snowboarding, Donkey Kong Country 3: Dixie Kong's Double Trouble!, Wave Race 64, Super Mario Kart, Mario Kart 64, San Francisco Rush, Multi-Racing Championship, Cruis'n USA, Diddy Kong Racing, Super Mario 64, Unirally, Winter Gold, Super Mario Bros. 3, Super Tennis, Cruis'n World, and the fly-swatting minigame from Mario Paint. The team with the most points/fastest time win 50 points for their team, while runners-up in this challenge win 25 points for their team. Should there be a tie (e.g.", "title": "Amazing" }, { "docid": "48057402", "text": "Pac-Man 256 is an endless runner video game developed by Hipster Whale and 3 Sprockets and published by Bandai Namco Entertainment. The game is part of the Pac-Man series and is inspired by the original Pac-Man game's infamous Level 256 glitch. The game was originally released as a free-to-play title for iOS and Android on August 20, 2015. In June 21, 2016, Bandai Namco Studios Vancouver released a version of the game for the PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and PC (Windows, macOS, Linux), featuring additional features like multiplayer for up to 4 players, a new power-up, and no longer having to wait a certain amount of time to get power-ups, and instead having to eat a number of Pac-Dots. Gameplay Pac-Man 256 sees the players take control of Pac-Man as he continues across an endless maze, collecting dots and power-ups while avoiding enemy ghosts. The game ends if Pac-Man comes into contact with a ghost or falls behind and is consumed by a chasing glitch at the bottom of the maze. Eating 256 dots in a row awards the player a blast that clears all on-screen enemies. Along with power pellets, which enable Pac-Man to eat ghosts, Pac-Man can equip and obtain various power-ups such as lasers, tornadoes, and clones to attack the ghosts, as well as collect score-multiplying fruit. Up to three power-ups can be equipped. Power-ups are unlocked by waiting 24 hours after unlocking a power-up. In the console and PC versions, they are unlocked by eating a specified number of Pac-Dots. Prior to version 2.0, the game featured a \"credit\" system, which would require one credit to be used if a game was played with power-ups equipped or the player wished to revive Pac-Man. Version 2.0 replaced the Credits with Coins, which are obtained by clearing missions, collecting them on the maze or by viewing sponsored videos, which can be used to upgrade power-ups, unlock themes (in the mobile version), or revive Pac-Man. There are also themes which change the look of the game, that can be purchased with large amounts of Coins or by spending real money. In the console and PC versions, all themes are unlocked by default. The console and PC versions of the game adds an exclusive cooperative multiplayer game mode, where up to four players work together to set the highest score possible. The appearance of each Pac-Man can be customized. Like the main game, the goal is for every player to get as far as possible and contribute to the group score as much as possible. If a player is caught by a ghost, a player power-up appears, which revives that player. The game ends once the last player still in play dies, be it by getting caught by a ghost or consumed by the glitch. Each ghost has their own specific behavior: Blinky (red) actively chases Pac-Man, Pinky (pink) rushes forward whenever Pac-Man enters her sight, Inky (cyan) loops around specific areas, Clyde (orange) travels downwards while changing to Pac-Man's", "title": "Pac-Man 256" }, { "docid": "34884791", "text": "Rosa Salazar (; born July 16, 1985) is an American actress. She had roles in the NBC series Parenthood (2011–2012) and the FX anthology series American Horror Story: Murder House (2011). She made her breakthrough as the title character of the film Alita: Battle Angel (2019) and is known for starring in the series Brand New Cherry Flavor (2021), which she also co-produced. Salazar appeared in The Divergent Series: Insurgent (2015), Maze Runner: The Scorch Trials (2015), and Maze Runner: The Death Cure (2018) and also appeared in the Netflix films The Kindergarten Teacher (2018) and Bird Box (2018). She stars in the Amazon series Undone (2019–2022). Early life Salazar was born on July 16, 1985 in Washington, D.C. to Luis and Marilynne Salazar. Her father is Peruvian and her mother is French-Canadian. She grew up in Washington, D.C. and nearby Greenbelt, Maryland. She attended Greenbelt Middle School and Eleanor Roosevelt High School in Greenbelt, where she was active in the theatre program. She attended Prince George's Community College, where she studied drama, then continued drama studies at Upright Citizens Brigade, where she practiced method acting, improvisation and performance. Career Salazar enjoyed entertaining others from the age of fifteen and became serious about becoming an actress after moving to New York City as a young adult. There she appeared in several CollegeHumor sketches. Shortly after relocating to Los Angeles in 2009, she made her film debut playing the character Crystal in Jamesy Boy, written and directed by Trevor White. She then landed recurring roles on two hit TV series: American Horror Story: Murder House and Parenthood. In 2015, she co-starred in various sequels: The Divergent Series: Insurgent as Lynn, and Maze Runner: The Scorch Trials as Brenda. In 2016, Salazar directed and starred in the short film Good Crazy, a story of a social crusader. It was nominated for a Short Film Grand Jury prize at the Sundance Film Festival. In 2018, she reprised her role as Brenda in Maze Runner: The Death Cure. In 2019, she made her major studio lead debut with the film Alita: Battle Angel, an adaptation of the manga Gunnm directed by Robert Rodriguez. It brought Salazar numerous awards, including \"Best Visual Effects or Animated Performance\" from the Hollywood Critics Association and \"Best Voice or Motion Capture Performance\" from the Association of Latin Entertainment Critics. That year, it was announced that Salazar would have a main role on the Netflix horror drama miniseries Brand New Cherry Flavor. It was released on August 13, 2021. In 2023, Salazar was invited to become a member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Filmography Film Television Video games References External links 1985 births Actresses from Washington, D.C. Living people American film actresses American television actresses American video game actresses American people of Peruvian descent American people of French-Canadian descent American voice actresses Hispanic and Latino American actresses 21st-century American actresses", "title": "Rosa Salazar" }, { "docid": "3260079", "text": "Logic mazes, sometimes called mazes with rules or multi-state mazes, are logic puzzles with all the aspects of a tour puzzle that fall outside of the scope of a typical maze. These mazes have special rules, sometimes including multiple states of the maze or navigator. A ruleset can be basic (such as \"you cannot make left turns\") or complex. Popular logic mazes include tilt mazes and other novel designs which usually increase the complexity of the maze, sometimes to the point that the maze has to be designed by a program to eliminate multiple paths. History Robert Abbott invented the logic maze. The first logic maze ever published, Traffic Maze in Floyd's Knob, appeared in the October 1962 issue of Scientific American in the Mathematical Games column. Examples Theseus and the Minotaur is another of Abbott's better-known mazes. It first appeared in his book Mad Mazes. Like Where are the Cows? in SuperMazes, Abbott says that this \"is the hardest maze in the book; in fact, it is possible that no one will solve it.\" Since then, several different versions of it have appeared, made by others, following the same theme, both on paper and in electronic forms. Additional examples include: Area-mazes or A-mazes, which the area of the tile stepped on must alternately increase and decrease with every step. Rolling dice mazes, in which a die is rolled onto cells based on various rules. Number mazes, in which a grid of numbers is navigated by traveling the number shown on the current square. Multi-State mazes, in which the rules for navigation change depending on how the maze has been navigated. References Logic puzzles Mazes", "title": "Logic maze" }, { "docid": "65225275", "text": "DNA / DOA is the first published adventure for the near-future cyberpunk role-playing game Shadowrun, released by FASA in 1989. Written by Dave Arneson, the co-creator of Dungeons & Dragons, Stephan Wieck criticized it for being more like a D&D adventure than a modern high-tech cyberpunk scenario. Plot summary DNA / DOA is an adventure in which the player character Runners are hired to break into a lab via a city sewer to steal data from Aztechnology. However, the Runners discover that the lab is over-run by mutagenic experiments, and a terrorist cell also wants the data. When the break-in goes awry, the Runners take shelter in the sewers underneath Tacoma, where they must negotiate with the Orks who live there. Publication history In 1989, FASA published the Shadowrun role-playing game. DNA / DOA, the first adventure created for the game, was written by D&D co-designer Dave Arneson, with additional material by Kent Stolt, artwork by Dana Andrews, Tim Bradstreet, Rick Harris, Todd F. Marsh, and Jim Nelson, and cover art by John Zeleznik. It was published by FASA in 1989 as a 64-page book. Reception Most reviewers noted the strong flavor of Dungeons & Dragons in the cyberpunk adventure. In the April–May 1990 edition of White Wolf (Issue #20), Stephan Wieck believed that the adventure, with its extended time in sewers, was more like a D&D dungeon crawl than a modern cyberpunk data theft. He did admit that for players more used to AD&D \"The adventure's dungeon atmosphere will make the characters feel more at home while still introducing them to some aspects of Shadowrun.\" He concluded by giving it a below-average rating of only 2 out of 5 overall. In the May 1990 edition of Games International, Lee Brimmicombe-Wood noted that \"In outline, the adventure is little more than a high-tech dungeon and suffers the limitations of being such.\" He also criticized the game for being \"combat heavy and shows little originality with its opponents.\" However, he did admit that \"there is enough shady dealing going on to keep the scenario interesting.\" He concluded by giving the adventure an average rating of 7 out of 10, saying, \"one of the first adventures to integrate the game's high fantasy and cyberpunk origins rather than tack one on the other. Nice try.\" In the French magazine Casus Belli, Mathias Twardowski noted that Dave Arneson, more widely known for his work on D&D, was the author and commented, \"DNA/DOA had a lot of trouble getting published and we understand why when we read it: it's a disaster! The characters find themselves in a maze of underground corridors, with tables of wandering monster to provide a little animation.\" Twardowski concluded, \"Obviously, Dave Arneson got stuck in the monster-treasure stage. May he do everyone a favor and write only for his own game.\" Other reviews Games Review Vol. 2 Issue 4 (Jan 1990) Fantasywelt #36 (Sep/Oct 1992, \"Spielkiste\") References Role-playing game supplements introduced in 1989 Shadowrun adventures", "title": "DNA / DOA" }, { "docid": "1120399", "text": "Maze, also known as Maze War, is a 3D multiplayer first-person shooter maze game originally developed in 1973 and expanded in 1974. The first version was developed by high school students Steve Colley, Greg Thompson, and Howard Palmer for the Imlac PDS-1 minicomputer during a school work/study program at the NASA Ames Research Center. By the end of 1973 the game featured shooting elements and could be played on two computers connected together. After Thompson began school at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), he brought the game to the school's computer science laboratory in February 1974, where he and Dave Lebling expanded it into an eight-player game using the school's Digital Equipment Corporation PDP-10 mainframe computer and PDS-1 terminals along with adding scoring, top-down map views, and a level editor. Other programmers at MIT improved this version of the game, which was also playable between people at different universities over the nascent ARPANET. Due to the popularity of the game, laboratory managers at MIT both played it while also trying to restrict its use due to the large amount of time students were spending on it. There are reports that the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) at one point banned the game from the ARPANET due to its popularity. Thompson and other programmers later developed several other versions of Maze, including a specialized hardware-based game by Thompson and other students as well as a version titled Mazewar by Jim Guyton, Mike Wahrman, and colleagues at Xerox for the Xerox Alto computer. The Xerox version went on to inspire many different takes on the first-person maze game concept in the 1980s and 1990s, released under many different names. Maze is believed to be the first 3D first-person game ever made. It is likely also the earliest example of what was later termed the first-person shooter genre and is considered along with the 1974 space flight simulation game Spasim to be one of the \"joint ancestors\" of the genre. It has additionally been credited with a variety of other firsts, such as the first level editor, first observer mode and radar, and first avatars, but due to its reliance on specific, expensive computer hardware its direct influence on video games and the first-person shooter genre was limited. Gameplay Maze is a multiplayer first-person shooter maze game in which players traverse a flat maze and shoot opponents to score points. The maze layout is represented by a grid of spaces that are either empty or solid and form a flat plane containing walls of equal height. The game contains a default maze layout, but players can provide their own upon starting the game. The player can move forward and backwards between spaces at a rate of one space per key press and can turn left or right or look behind themselves in 90-degree increments. They can also peek around corners, which changes their view as if they had both moved forward and turned, but does not move their player character or", "title": "Maze (1973 video game)" }, { "docid": "4512108", "text": "A maze is a type of puzzle that consists of a complex branching passage through which the solver must find a route. Maze, The Maze or Mazes may also refer to: Places Maze (HM Prison), a former prison in Northern Ireland MacArthur Maze, a freeway interchange in Oakland, California Maże, Poland Maze, County Down, an electoral ward in Northern Ireland Masi, Norway, also known as Máze, a Sami community in Norway Maze, Pennsylvania, unincorporated community Mazes, a townland in County Antrim, Northern Ireland Mazetown, County Antrim, a hamlet in Northern Ireland \"The Maze\" or \"Maze District,\" the westernmost district of Canyonlands National Park Txamantxoia, a mountain in the Pyrenees also known as Maze People Colette Maze (1914–2023), French pianist Michael Maze (born 1981), Danish table tennis player Paul Maze (1887–1979), French impressionist painter Tina Maze (born 1983), Slovenian alpine skier Fictional characters Mazikeen aka \"Maze\", in DC comics A character in the video game Fable Books Maze: Solve the World's Most Challenging Puzzle, a 1985 book by Christopher Manson Maze (novel), a 1993 light novel series by Satoru Akahori The Maze (novel), a 2004 novel by the Greek writer Panos Karnezis The Maze, a 1998 book by Will Hobbs The Maze, a 2004 novel by Monica Hughes Film, TV and video games Maze (2000 film), a 2000 film starring Rob Morrow Maze (2017 film), a 2017 film by Stephen Burke about the escape from Northern Ireland's Maze (HM Prison) The Maze (1953 film), a sci-fi horror film released in 3-D The Maze (2010 film), a horror film The Maze (2018 film) William Kurelek's The Maze, a 2011 documentary film \"The Maze\" (Miami Vice), an episode of the television series Miami Vice Westworld: The Maze, the first season of the television series, Westworld Maze (1973 video game), considered one of the earliest examples of a first-person shooter video game Music Maze (band), a 1970s–1990s R&B/soul band Mazes (band), an English band Maze (album), a Japanese-language album by Nothing's Carved in Stone 2015 The Maze (album), a 1999 album and title song by Vinnie Moore Maze, a 1999 album by David Kikoski \"Maze\" (song), a 2002 song by Japanese pop artist Koda Kumi \"Maze\", a song by Juice Wrld from the 2019 album Death Race for Love \"Maze\", a song by Tohoshinki from the 2008 single \"Keyword\" \"The Maze\", a song by Stars from the 2018 album There Is No Love in Fluorescent Light \"Maze\", a song by Jessica Mauboy from her 2010 album Get 'Em Girls \"Maze\", a song by Phish from the 1993 album Rift \"Maze\", a song from the soundtrack of the anime Noir \"The Maze\", a song by Miles Davis from the 1985 live album Tutu \"The Maze\", a song by Lacuna Coil from the 2009 album Shallow Life \"Maze Song\" Other The Maze (painting), a 1953 painting by William Kurelek Maze (solitaire), a card game Maze, a term used in graph theory as it applies to topology Haunted attraction (simulated), also known as \"haunts\" or \"mazes\" Scary", "title": "Maze (disambiguation)" }, { "docid": "16028249", "text": "James Smith Dashner (born November 26, 1972) is an American writer known for speculative fiction. Many of his books are primarily aimed at children or young adults. He is best known for The Maze Runner series and the young adult fantasy series The 13th Reality. His 2008 novel The Journal of Curious Letters, first in the series, was one of the annual Borders Original Voices picks. In 2014, a film adaptation of The Maze Runner was released, followed by another two films in 2015 and 2018. Collectively, the three films grossed an estimated $949 million. The three films' collective box-office earnings make it the fourth-highest-grossing film series based on young-adult books, after the film series of Harry Potter, The Twilight Saga, and The Hunger Games, respectively. In 2018, Dashner was dropped by his agent and publisher following accusations of sexual harassment; Dashner replied in a statement, \"I am taking any and all criticisms and accusations very seriously, and I will seek counseling and guidance to address them.\" Early life James Dashner was born on November 26, 1972, in Austell, Georgia, as one of six children in the family. He was raised a Mormon. At the age of 10, he would type on his parents' typewriter. He graduated from Duluth High School in 1991. He moved from Atlanta, Georgia to Provo, Utah to study at Brigham Young University, where he received a master's degree in accounting. Career Dashner released his first novel in 2003, titled A Door in the Woods. Like many of his books, A Door in the Woods is a fantasy aimed at teenagers. The story follows Jimmy Fincher, who notices person in the forest acting suspiciously. What he witnesses then sets off a chain of events changing Jimmy's life. A Door in the Woods became part of a series of books, known as The Jimmy Fincher Saga. In 2004, a second and third book were released as part of The Jimmy Fincher Saga. The second instalment was A Gift of Ice, which again follows Jimmy in his journey to save the world from The Stompers. The third instalment of the series was released later in 2004, titled The Tower of Air. A fourth and final book concluded the series, War of the Black Curtain, which was published in 2005. Following the conclusion of his Jimmy Fincher Saga series, Dashner began working on two new series. The first became known as The 13th Reality book series and the second was The Maze Runner series. Dashner published The Journal of Curious Letters in 2008, which was the first book in the 13th Reality Series. The book became a highly acclaimed children's book, receiving a Whitney Award the same year it was published. In 2009, the novel was recognized again as a Borders Original Voices pick. During 2009, Dashner released two more books. The Hunt for Dark Infinity was his second instalment in The 13th Reality series and The Maze Runner was the first book in a series of the same", "title": "James Dashner" }, { "docid": "27943774", "text": "Fright Nights (previously Halloween Family Fun Nights and Halloween Fright Nights) is a seasonal Halloween event held at Warner Bros. Movie World on the Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. The event began in 2006 as Halloween Family Fun Night as a single night event and has since evolved into a major park event across a month. It features themed mazes, shows and rides. Fright Nights (formerly Fright Nites) also refers to the Halloween special event at Thorpe Park in Chertsey, Surrey, England, which opened in 2002. History Fellow Gold Coast theme park, Dreamworld was the first to hold a Halloween themed night event. This event occurred once in April 2004, rather than October when Halloween actually takes place. This event has never been held since. In 2006, Warner Bros. Movie World picked up on the idea and decided to run a single Halloween Family Fun Night held on 31 October with a Scooby-Doo theme. Due to the event being sold out, the park extended the event to become a 3-night event. This format remained until 2009 when Movie World decided to re-theme the event to target an older audience. The park advertised \"extreme experiences at this event not suitable for children\". In 2010, Warner Bros. Movie World worked with Sudden Impact Entertainment and Lynton V. Harris to produce mazes based upon the Nightmare on Elm Street and Saw franchises. Sudden Impact also created the Psycho maze. On 20 September 2010, it was announced that \"Freddy's Nightmare Maze will be in Show Stage, the Saw Maze will be in a custom built area behind the Wild West Falls area and the Psycho 3D Maze will be in the Scooby-Doo Spooky Coaster foyer/entrance\". The SAW maze was originally due to be built in a sound stage, however, this was booked and a custom built space was built as a replacement. Just after the conclusion of the 2010 event, it was announced that the event would return in 2011. In the middle of August 2011, Warner Bros. Movie World began to announce mazes for the 2011 event. On 1 September 2011, full details for the 2011 event were released with the event's name changing to Fright Nights. The Saw and Psycho 3D mazes from 2010 will return alongside the new Zombie Apocalypse Maze (to be located in the adjacent Studio complex) and the new Arkham Asylum Maze (to be located in the show stage). In 2012, the event returned with new mazes and a collection of live shows. The Psycho 3D Maze, the Les Damned de Burlesque show, and the Club Blood bar all returned. New mazes included The Film Vault, The Walking Dead Maze, and Hillbilly Slasher. New shows included the Creatures of Rock, Death Derby, and Thriller Dance. Fright Nights will return in 2013. It is scheduled to run on seven nights in October. An attraction list has been announced with a new slew of mazes and shows. Returning is Club Blood but everything else is new with two new shows, Carnevil,", "title": "Fright Nights" }, { "docid": "2256141", "text": "is a maze video game developed and published by Hudson Soft. The original home computer game was released in July 1983 for the NEC PC-8801, NEC PC-6001 mkII, Fujitsu FM-7, Sharp MZ-700, Sharp MZ-2000, Sharp X1 and MSX in Japan, and a graphically modified version for the MSX and ZX Spectrum in Europe as Eric and the Floaters. A sequel, 3-D Bomberman, was produced. In 1985, Bomberman was released for the Nintendo Entertainment System. It spawned the Bomberman series with many installments building on its basic gameplay. Gameplay In the NES/Famicom release, the eponymous character, Bomberman, is a robot that must find his way through a maze while avoiding or destroying enemies. He can set bombs to attack enemies and destroy rocks that block his path; initially, the bombs explode after a short delay. Doors leading to further maze rooms are hidden under rocks, as are power-up items that grant abilities such as placing multiple bombs at once, increasing their blast radius, and being able to set them off at any desired moment. Bomberman will turn human when he escapes and reaches the surface. Each game has 50 levels in total. The original home computer games are more basic and have some different rules. Notably, completing the NES and Famicom version reveals that the game is a prequel to Hudson Soft's NES port of Broderbund Software's 1983 game Lode Runner. Upon clearing the final screen, Bomberman is shown turning into Lode Runner's unnamed protagonist. In the Japanese version of the game, the player is explicitly told that Bomberman will 'See [them] in Lode Runner''', while in the international version, they are instead asked if they can recognise the protagonist from another Hudson game. DevelopmentBomberman was written in 1980 to serve as a tech demo for Hudson Soft's BASIC compiler. This very basic version of the game was given a small-scale release for Japanese PCs in 1983 and the European PCs the following year. The Famicom version was developed (ported) by Shinichi Nakamoto, who reputedly completed the task alone over a 72 hour period. According to Zero magazine, Bomberman adopted gameplay elements from the Coreland/Sega arcade hit Pengo (1982). The European home computer versions were released as Eric and the Floaters to avoid any association with a series of terrorist bombings carried out by the Irish Republican Army during The Troubles. Enhanced ports and re-releasesBomberman is most known for the NES version released in Japan on December 19, 1985 and in North America in January 1989. Hudson Soft's director of research and development, Shinichi Nakamoto, commented in a 1995 interview that \"I personally believe that the Famicom version of Bomberman is the one and only version of the game.\" This version was ported back to the MSX the following year as Bomberman Special. Bomberman's appearance in this game (Hudson Soft re-used an enemy graphic taken from their own 1984 NES/Famicom port of Broderbund's Lode Runner) is an early version of Bomberman's more famous design, a robotic anime-like character with a pink", "title": "Bomberman (1983 video game)" }, { "docid": "41745606", "text": "The Eye of Minds is a 2013 young adult science fiction novel written by American author James Dashner, and the first book in The Mortality Doctrine series. The book was first published on October 8, 2013 by Delacorte Press and is set in a futuristic world where a young gamer must help stop a rogue hacker named Kaine intent on causing mass destruction. Of the novel, Dashner has stated that he did not view it as a \"dystopian or post-apocalyptic tale\" akin to his Maze Runner series, but he did view it as having \"similarities in tone and feel and spirit to The Maze Runner\". Plot In the future, humankind has developed a new interpretation of gaming in the form of a virtual reality system known as the VirtNet, which contains various games, including \"Lifeblood\", a re-creation of real life. Michael and his two friends Bryson and Sarah are three talented hackers who can use the game code to manipulate items, and they are employed by VirtNet Security (VNS) to track down a cyber-terrorist known as Kaine, who has been trapping people inside the VirtNet. The gamers who are trapped often commit suicide in real life by coding out their Cores, the virtual objects that differentiate between their Auras, or their virtual bodies, and their real-life bodies. The VNS wants Michael and his friends to find out about the Mortality Doctrine, a program created by Kaine. Using information from Cutter, a barber in the game Lifeblood, Michael and his friends hack their way into the high-end Black and Blue club. They meet Ronika, the owner, who tells them that to get to Kaine's base in the Hallowed Ravine, they must get through The Path, which can be accessed through a weak spot in the code within the game Devils of Destruction. However, creatures programmed by Kaine known as KillSims, which suck the life out of VirtNet players' Auras and leave their real-life bodies brain-dead, attack and destroy Ronika. Michael begins to have serious but occasional headaches. Michael and his friends then manage to gain access to The Path through Devils of Destruction, which they find very difficult to beat, after hacking through the age restriction. Once they enter The Path, they find themselves on a massive stone disk with a riddle. After solving it, they enter an infinitely long corridor, from which the only exit is to go through a hole in the wall. The three best friends have to overcome their fears to keep moving on. At one point, Bryson's Aura is killed by strange, animated corpses that attack whenever anybody makes noise. Along the way, they meet Gunner Skale, a legendary gamer who mysteriously disappeared from the VirtNet, who leads them to realizing that Kaine is actually a rogue Tangent, or an AI in the VirtNet. After escaping from Skale, as he attempted to kill them, Michael and Sarah continue on The Path, but Sarah's Aura is also killed when she is burned by lava. Eventually, Michael reaches", "title": "The Eye of Minds" }, { "docid": "6929908", "text": "Adrogué () is a city in Greater Buenos Aires, Argentina, located 23 km south of Buenos Aires. It is the administrative headquarters for Almirante Brown Partido (county). At slightly more than 30,000 inhabitants, it is a prominent residential area, with numerous cobbled streets, lush trees and several squares. In addition, it has an important commercial center, with a variety of shops and banks. History In March 1873, Governor Mariano Acosta approved the projected sketch map for this town and named it Almirante Brown. The plan for the map was designed by Nicolás and José Canale, two renowned Italian architects, who included a number of diagonals and squares, which later inspired the urban design for the city of La Plata. The Canales also designed most of the public buildings in Adrogué (the Town Palace, the first church for Saint Gabriel, Castelforte, etc.) and the church of the Inmaculada Concepción in the neighbourhood of Belgrano (\"La Redonda\"). Adrogué was also the place of residence of some well-known families of British origin, including the high officials of the railroads. María Bevans de Pellegrini, died on February 28, 1886, in the village of Adrogué. She was the daughter of James Bevans and Priscilla Bright, natives of London. The typical architecture of the city of Adrogué towards the end of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th was of the English style. The Catholic parish San Gabriel Arcangel, began its construction in 1874. The Instituto Americano de Adrogué, a defunct institution of secondary education of the town, opened its doors in 1890. Borges and Adrogué Jorge Luis Borges, an Argentine writer, spent many childhood summers there and loved the city so much that he named a book of poems after it in dedication. In the Prologue he is quoted as saying: \"Wherever in the world I might sense the smell of gum trees, I feel as if I had been taken back to Adrogué. And that is exactly what Adrogué was: a large and quiet maze of streets surrounded by lush trees and country houses, a maze of many peaceful nights that my parents liked to traverse. Country houses in which you could guess how life was behind those country houses. In some way, I have always been there, I am always here. You take the places with yourself, the places are within yourself. I am still among the gum trees and labyrinths, that place where you can easily get lost. I guess you might as well get lost in Paradise. Bizarre statues turn pretty, a ruin that is not a ruin, a tennis court. And then, in the very Las Delicias Hotel, a big room with mirrors. I have certainly found myself in those infinite looking glasses. Many arguments, many scenes, many poems that I imagined were born in Adrogué or were fixed in Adrogué. Whenever I talk about gardens, whenever I talk about trees, I am in Adrogué; I have thought about that city, it is unnecessary to name it.\" (1977). In", "title": "Adrogué" }, { "docid": "33701149", "text": "The Death Cure is a 2011 young adult dystopian science fiction novel written by American writer James Dashner and the third published in The Maze Runner series (the fifth and last in narrative order). It was published on 11 October 2011 by Delacorte Press and was preceded in publication order by The Maze Runner and The Scorch Trials and followed by the series prequels, The Kill Order and The Fever Code. Plot After being kept in solitary confinement, Thomas is eventually released by Janson (nicknamed the \"Rat Man\"), who is the assistant director of WICKED (World In Catastrophe Killzone Experiment Department). Janson tells the Gladers (Group A) and Group B that most of their number are immune to the Flare, but some, whose names he reads, are not immune, including Newt. The Gladers are offered the chance to remove the mind-control chips in their heads and restore their memories but at the cost of Thomas's ability to communicate telepathically with Teresa and Aris. Only Thomas, Minho, and Newt choose not to undergo the surgery, as they do not trust WICKED, and Thomas does not want to know who he was when he helped to create the maze. All three of them escape from WICKED with the help of Brenda and Jorge before their chips are removed. Brenda and Jorge are revealed to be working for WICKED. Thomas initially feels betrayed, but Brenda reveals she only joined so she wouldn't be executed and reasons Teresa may have only betrayed him because of that too. Soon afterward, the Gladers discover that everyone who had undergone the memory restoration abandoned them. Newt gives Thomas a note and tells him to open it \"when the time is right.\" The five then travel to Denver to find Hans, a former WICKED researcher who can remove their mind-control chips. There, a man in a black suit directs them to an address, where Gally is waiting for them. Gally has joined the rebel group the Right Arm and explains that WICKED is capturing every Immune that it can find to prepare another cycle of the Trials. He also reveals that in the decaying cities, many live who suffer from the Flare but take the illicit drug Bliss, which slows down the brain's functioning and helps to relieve the pain that Cranks feel from the Flare. The group finds Hans, who removes Minho's control chip. However, WICKED uses Thomas's chip to force him to resist the procedure. Brenda, Jorge, and Minho must hold him down so that Hans can perform the surgery. Afterward, the group visits a café, where a security guard apprehends Thomas to sell him to bounty hunters, who will take him to WICKED. Janson intervenes in a holographic, sends a police vehicle to rescue Thomas, and tells him that he must return to WICKED \"to save Newt.\" Thomas and his friends find out in a note that Newt has been taken to the Cranks. Minho convinces them to go to the Denver Crank Palace to", "title": "The Death Cure" }, { "docid": "75129345", "text": "Ray's Maze is a graphic adventure game, released in 1990. Ray's Maze was created with the World Builder game creation system by Ray Dunakin. With no formal training, Ray started making World Builder games on the family computer with his son in 1989. After creating several simple games together, Ray started developing a complex puzzle game. This ended up becoming Ray's Maze and was released as shareware. The player takes on the role of \"Fearless\" Frank Farley exploring an interdimensional maze through teleportation devices known as \"jump doors.\" Their goal is to both escape the maze and collect enough valuables to cover the cost of the journey, $1,000. Starting in a store where the player can purchase items to take with them, they then must travel through hundreds of scenes across several different worlds, all while fighting monsters and evading traps. Legacy Three more games were released following the success of Ray's Maze. Two were direct sequels and one was a spiritual successor in the style of the Ray's Maze series. All of the games were created with World Builder, and all were released as shareware. In exchange for registration, players would receive documents with tips and maps. Ray's games had a huge impact on the Mac community, inspiring others to create games as well. Another Fine Mess Released in 1992, this is the first sequel to Ray's Maze. The player again takes on the role of Frank exploring another interdimensional maze and solving puzzles. A Mess O'Trouble The third and final game in the Ray's Maze series was released in 1994. It is the largest of the three and allows the player play as the female character \"Daredevil\" Dawn. An updated version was also released for Mac OS X in 2015 Twisted! Twisted! was a successor to the Ray's Maze series, released in 1997. The player takes on the role of a storm chaser who is transported to a strange world and must solve puzzles to find their way home. References External links The Ray's Maze Page Ray's Maze on the Internet Archive Adventure games Macintosh games", "title": "Ray's Maze" }, { "docid": "18398065", "text": "Elizabeth Carpenter (born 1953) is an American writer, fashion designer, maze maker, and board game designer. She lives in New York City where she operates her own business, Mazeology LLP. Background and education Elizabeth Carpenter grew up in Princeton, New Jersey, and graduated early from Princeton High School. She attended both Carnegie-Mellon University and Rhode Island School of Design, where she studied painting. Her first significant employment was with India Imports of Rhode Island. Design career At the age of twenty, Elizabeth Carpenter relocated to Gambia, Africa where, as co-director of West Africa Exports, she began designing clothing. She went on to work for Mast Industries as part of the initial design team for the Limited. In 1984, Carpenter became the Fashion Director of Foxmoor, the juniors' specialty store division of the Melville Corporation. From 1985 to 1996 she founded Elizabeth Carpenter, Inc., an independent garment design studio employing a team of designers, whose clients included the Associated Merchandising Corporation, Ups 'n' Downs, Paul Harris stores, Victoria's Secret, and Palmetto's Jean Company. During this time, Carpenter was also the Fashion Director for Brooks Fashions, and provided fashion-trend forecasting for Shop Shots from 1994 to 1996, at thich time she left the fashion industry to begin a career in writing. Writing and maze design Elizabeth Carpenter co-authored two family guide books with her son, Samuel Freund: Kids Eat New York and Kids Eat Broadway, in 1997 and 1999 respectively. She also began developing an original art style that weaves a maze path through original line-art illustrations. Carpenter's first book of mazes, DinoMaze: The Colossal Fossil Maze Book, was published with the American Museum of Natural History in November 2001, by Workman Publishing and has earned the 2012 IPPY Gold Medal for Children's Interactive Books. She was approached by the Metropolitan Museum of Art and designed her second maze book, Mummy Maze: The Tomb Treasures Maze Book in 2007, which earned the Bronze Award in the Children's Interactive category at the 2008 IPPY Awards. Mummy Mazes was published by Workman Publishing in Fall, 2010. Both books weave history, problem solving, and art into a story intended to make learning fun. In 2007, Elizabeth Carpenter founded the company, Mazeology Design, to expand the concept of maze art to include games, toys, and diaries. Her first venture into board games, Senet: The Ancient Tomb Treasures Game, features an adapted rulebook that modernizes the ancient game. In 2009 the game was included in Games Magazine's Top 100 Games and was curated into the Egyptian collection at the Brooklyn Museum of Art. The game has earned the Dr. Toy's Play and Learn Award, the Parents' Choice Award, the Seal of Approval from The National Parenting Center, and the Family Review Center Best of The Best Award for 2009. Works Author, Kids Eat New York, 1997, The Little Bookroom. Author, Kids Eat Broadway, 1999, Kids Eat Publishing. Author/Illustrator for DinoMaze: The Colossal Fossil Maze Book, 2000, republished 2010 by Workman Publishing. Designer/Illustrator for Mummy Maze: The Ancient", "title": "Elizabeth Carpenter" }, { "docid": "38214312", "text": "Fun 'n Games (Sometimes spelled Fun 'N' Games) is a compilation video game developed by Leland Interactive Media and released for the Super NES and Mega Drive/Genesis platforms in 1993 and 1994. In 1995, an updated, redeveloped version of the game was released on the 3DO Interactive Multiplayer and MS-DOS by Williams Entertainment Inc. The North American Super NES version of the game is considered to be one of the more rare games released for the console. Gameplay Fun 'n Games is a compilation of puzzles, arcade games, a music composer and a paint program in one video game. The game is arranged into four different types of activities, or categories: Paint, Games, Music and Style. There is virtually no difference in gameplay between the Super NES and Mega Drive/Genesis versions. However, the North American Genesis version has an extra game in the Games section that's not in the European Mega Drive version. Parts of the game is controlled in a computer mouse-like fashion. The Super NES version is compatible with the Super NES Mouse in addition to the standard controller. Similarly, the Mega Drive/Genesis version is compatible with the Mega Mouse. Paint In the Paint activity the player can draw on a canvas, but also in a coloring book if desired. Different artistic tools, for example a pencil, pre-made backgrounds, paint bucket, patterns, stamps and different colors are supported. Previously created figures from the activities Stylin' Stuff and Mix and Match can be imported to the drawing. Games The Games activity consists of three different minigames: Mouse Maze, Spaze Lazer and Whack a Clown. Mouse Maze is a Pac-Man style game where the player takes control of a mouse in a maze. The mouse must collect all the cheese in the maze to be able to advance to the next level, which is another maze. Mouse traps that appear randomly in the maze makes the mouse freeze for a couple of seconds if the mouse collides with any of them. In the meantime, cats wander in the maze and try to eat the mouse. The player loses a life if the mouse is eaten by a cat, and if all three lives are lost, the game is over. To protect itself, the mouse can collect bones scattered in the maze to transform into a dog for a period of time, and the dog is able to eat the cats. In Spaze Lazer, a spaceship is controlled by the player in first-person view and needs to defend itself by aiming and firing the spaceship guns at enemy spaceships. A radar on the screen helps the player locate the enemy spaceships. When all of the enemy spaceships are destroyed, the player faces a boss monster. When the boss is defeated, the player advances to the next level where the spaceship must be defended against even tougher enemies. The player's spaceship starts with 99 in energy, and the energy decreases when the spaceship is hit by enemy fire. If the energy reaches", "title": "Fun 'n Games" }, { "docid": "35982342", "text": "Nicholas Tung Ming Bruel is an American author and illustrator of children’s books, most notably the Bad Kitty series. The first book in the series, Bad Kitty, is an alphabet-themed picture book, and expanded series includes both picture books and chapter books, as well as a guide to drawing comics. His books have been New York Times bestsellers. Authored-Illustrated Works Boing!, 2004 Who is Melvin Bubble?, 2006 Little Red Bird, 2008 Bad Kitty Makes Comics . . . and You Can Too!, 2015 A Wonderful Year, 2015 Bad Kitty Picture Books Bad Kitty, 2005 Poor Puppy, 2007 A Bad Kitty Christmas, 2011 Bad Kitty's Tasty Treats, 2014 Bad Kitty Does Not Like Dogs, 2015 Bad Kitty Does Not Like Candy, 2015 Bad Kitty Scaredy-Cat, 2016 Bad Kitty Does Not Like Snow, 2016 Bad Kitty Does Not Like Video Games, 2019 Bad Kitty Does Not Like Thanksgiving, 2019 Bad Kitty: Searching for Santa, 2019 Bedtime for Bad Kitty, 2021 Bad Kitty Does Not Like Valentine's Day, 2022 Bad Kitty Chapter Books Bad Kitty Gets a Bath, 2008 Happy Birthday, Bad Kitty, 2009 Bad Kitty vs. Uncle Murray, 2010 Bad Kitty Meets the Baby, 2011 Bad Kitty for President, 2012 Bad Kitty School Daze, 2013 Bad Kitty Drawn to Trouble, 2014 Bad Kitty: Puppy's Big Day, 2015 Bad Kitty Goes to the Vet, 2016 Bad Kitty Takes the Test, 2017 Bad Kitty Camp Daze, 2018 Bad Kitty: Kitten Trouble, 2018 Bad Kitty Joins the Team, 2019 Bad Kitty Goes on Vacation, 2020 Bad Kitty Gets a Phone, 2021 Bad Kitty: Supercat, 2022 Awards Bad Kitty 2007 Buckaroo Book Award—Children's (Winner) 2007 North Carolina Children's Book Award—Picture Book (Nominee) 2007 South Carolina Childrens, Junior and Young Adult Book Award—Picture Book (Nominee) 2007 Volunteer State Book Award—Grades K-3 (Winner) 2008 Colorado Children's Book Award—Picture Book (Runner-Up) 2008 Monarch Award—Grades K-3 (Second Place) 2009 Young Hoosier Book Award—Picture Book (Winner) Bad Kitty Gets A Bath 2009 Gryphon Award—Children's Literature (Honor Book) 2011 Beverly Cleary Children's Choice Award (Winner) 2011 Golden Archer Award—Intermediate (Nominee) 2012 Nevada Young Readers' Award—Young Readers (Nominee) Bad Kitty Meets The Baby 2012 Third and Fourth Grade Book of the Year—Children's Book Council Bad Kitty For President 2013 Third and Fourth Grade Book of the Year—Children's Book Council Bad Kitty: School Daze 2014 Colorado Children's Book Award—Junior Novel (Runner-Up) 2016 Monarch Award—Grades K-3 (Nominee) Who Is Melvin Bubble? 2008 Black-Eyed Susan Award—Picture Book (Nominee) 2008 Washington Children's Choice Picture Book Award—Picture Book (Nominee) 2009 North Carolina Children's Book Award—Picture Book (Winner) References External links Publisher's Author Page* 1978 births Living people American children's writers American illustrators", "title": "Nick Bruel" }, { "docid": "43928234", "text": "Blake Cooper (born October 10, 2001) is an American actor, best known for playing the role of Chuck in The Maze Runner. Cooper was born in Atlanta, Georgia on a small animal farm. He grew up as a Boy Scout and is well acquainted with animal training. Cooper was signed to J Pervis Talent Agency by Joy Pervis when he was 10, after being seen performing at a local event. Immediately after signing, Cooper auditioned and landed his first co-star on BET's The Game. Shortly thereafter, he got a callback for the character of Ethan on USA Network's Necessary Roughness where he impressed and entertained the room, which led to booking the role. In April 2013, Cooper was cast as Chuck in 20th Century Fox's The Maze Runner. Cooper related to the character of 'Chuck' in James Dashner's international bestselling adventure story, The Maze Runner. He contacted Wes Ball through Twitter for the role in the film. Filmography Films Television References External links American male film actors American male television actors American male child actors Male actors from Atlanta Living people 2001 births", "title": "Blake Cooper" }, { "docid": "44957346", "text": "The Maze Runner (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) is the soundtrack to the 2014 dystopian science fiction film of the same name directed by Wes Ball. It consisted of 21 tracks from the film's score produced by John Paesano with a runtime of over an hour. Paesano was involved in the film, much before its production so that he could create the sketches based on the story and further develop the music to suit its visuals. The score resembled the classic Hollywood films and takes inspiration from John Williams' score for fantasy films to mimic the grandeur. The score premiered exclusively at the MTV website on September 12, 2014, before setting for an official release four days later. Sony Classical Records published the score through digital distribution and in CDs and vinyl LP formats. Development Paesano watched Ball's short film Ruin which was presented to the executives of 20th Century Fox; he was also scoring for small-budget films to the studio and which insisted the executives to recruit him for the film. He also composed few cues to be submitted for the production agents. He and Ball were inspired by Steven Spielberg, John Williams and James Cameron's works and the creative vision they share between them were similar, which resulted him to score for music for the film. After his hiring, Paesano read the novel the film was based on and started composing off the film's script. The main title was the first sketch he had written for the film. Being a fan of Williams and Jerry Goldsmith, headmitted to do an \"epic score\" for the film even before the production began. The initial score he composed for the footage did not quite fit to the film. Hence he had to mold it to fit the picture, as \"the music goes with the spirit of the film\". The music was a \"throwback to old Hollywood\" as it inspires the timeline of that period even though it was fresh for the film, and its budget being smaller than that of the fantasy film productions from major studios he felt \"it was amazing what he was able to squeeze in and it stands up with all those other films\". Paesano recalled that before initially scoring a 10-minute suite, he would imagine the story in mind and not the visuals, so that he can have the freedom to write the score he thought of, whereas if the pictures come in his mind he would have to accompany the visuals for the score. Some of the music he composed were inspired from the themes he created on SoundCloud, that are basically stemmed from his imagination. Paesano admitted that unlike the older times, where film scores take a longer time to be composed, the process had been advanced due to technology, where mainstream composers did not write suites, they instead compose for scene-to-scene during eight weeks and complete the score before the film's release. This felt that they \"lose the ability to sit and live with", "title": "The Maze Runner (soundtrack)" }, { "docid": "3871496", "text": "is a 1990 video game developed and published by Sega for their Game Gear and Master System. The game is similar to and shares assets with Fatal Labyrinth, which was also released around that time. Plot As the player rides a bicycle one late afternoon, he turns down an alley never before noticed and enters an antique shop. There, a mysterious glowing crystal is sitting on a shelf. Upon approaching the crystal and gazing into it, a powerful force pulls the player in, causing a blackout. The player awakens in a forest with a large egg following behind. This forest is a huge maze, crawling with dangerous creatures. The player finds weapons and other items scattered around with which to fight the monsters. The only way out is to continue onward, defeating monsters and growing in power along the way. Gameplay The player starts off in the middle of a maze level covered by fog. The first ten levels are a mix of trees, cacti, sunflowers, and Easter Island style statues. Progress is achieved by completing each floor and warping to the next by walking the character to a differently colored square, found by clearing the level. Weapons, armor, potions, rings, food, money and enemies are randomly placed on the ground. If a player walks around for too long without picking up food, he will die of starvation. Cake objects give 11 to 27 and meat objects 42 to 46 food points and each food point allows the character to move six spaces on the screen and the maximum number of food points is 99. The player has a number of Hit Points dependent on the level achieved, these increase by killing monsters and advancing to the next character level. Hit points are traded in battle with the enemy and recovered by moving around. Money is used to revive from death, increasing in cost with the number and severity of previous deaths. The game is essentially turn-based, with each movement or action the equivalent to one turn and both monsters and the player will take it in turn to make an attack. This means getting surrounded can be particularly dangerous as every enemy would get one attack for every one attack the player makes. Likewise, a player who wanted to take their time in thinking about what to do next in a battle could do so without being attacked by just standing still. Items picked up in the game, with the exception of armor and weapons, are color-coded, with colors representing an effect that cannot be discovered until the player does one of the following: uses an item of that color, or throws it on an enemy. Once, say, a Bronze Book has been used, all future Bronze Books will be renamed to reflect its powers. Generally speaking, Pots are potions that can heal or poison the player, Books provide either maps or spells that may strengthen the player in some way or negate a harmful effect (such as removing", "title": "Dragon Crystal" }, { "docid": "12360576", "text": "Desktop Tower Defense is a Flash-based tower defense browser game created by Paul Preece in March 2007. The game had been played over 15.7 million times as of July 2007, and was one of Webware 100's top ten entertainment web applications of 2007. Desktop Tower Defense is available in an English, Spanish, German, French, or Italian interface. In May 2009, a commercial Nintendo DS version became available. Gameplay Desktop Tower Defense is played on a map resembling an office desktop. The player must stop a set number of enemies, known in the genre as \"creeps\", from reaching a set point on the playing field. This is accomplished by building and upgrading towers that shoot at, damage and kill the enemy creeps before they are able to reach their objective. Unlike many other tower defense games, the path of the creeps themselves is not set; instead, the towers built determine the path of the creeps, who take the shortest path they can find to the exit. The game does not allow the player to make an exit completely inaccessible, but key strategies revolve around guiding creeps into lengthy, meandering corridors. The creeps come in waves at set intervals. Each wave of creeps has different characteristics, such as immunity to certain towers, extra resistance to certain towers, and the abilities to spawn new creeps, move faster than normal, or fly over the towers instead of following the maze. For each wave, the game rotates among the types of creeps. Several times during gameplay, boss waves will appear. These waves consists of just one or two large creeps each, that take many hits to defeat. The player begins with a set number of lives, and loses one for each creep that survives to reach its goal (the edge of the grid opposite its entry-point, on most courses). The game will end early in defeat if the player's lives reach zero, and it provides no way to regenerate lost lives. The game can be played in three difficulty levels: easy, medium, and hard. In addition, there are several challenge modes available for those seeking more from the game. Challenges range from \"The 100\", where the player must defeat 100 levels of successively difficult creeps, to \"3K Fixed\", where the player has to build a fixed set of towers (including the upgrades) with just 3000 gold. There are also various fun modes different in gameplay than the other, harder ones. The voice when a player is asked to enter a score for the high score table is sampled from Ivor the Engine. Development Paul Preece got the inspiration for Desktop Tower Defense in 2006. He noticed a lack of tower defense games that allowed proper \"mazing\" (controlling movement of enemy forces by placing towers in their path). Preece did not immediately start work on Desktop Tower Defense because he considered Flash to be too difficult to learn. It was only after an acquaintance created Flash Element Tower Defense that Paul started work on the game.", "title": "Desktop Tower Defense" }, { "docid": "22901961", "text": "Adrogué, con ilustraciones de Norah Borges (1977) is a volume of poetry by Jorge Luis Borges, illustrated by his sister Norah Borges, about the city of Adrogué. It was born from a lecture given by Borges about \"Adrogué in his books\" at the celebration of the first \"Week of Culture\" of the Almirante Brown Partido in 1977. In addition to the cover art, there are eight full page illustrations. Borges' love of Adrogué dates to his childhood, when he enjoyed many summers there. References to the city can be recognized in numerous poems when he writes about labyrinthine courtyards, sidewalks, cisterns, and idyllic memories of his youth. In the prologue by Roy Bartholomew, Borges is quoted as saying: Wherever in the world I might sense the smell of gum trees, I feel as if I had been taken back to Adrogué. And that is exactly what Adrogué was: a large and quiet maze of streets surrounded by lush trees and country houses, a maze of many peaceful nights that my parents liked to traverse. Country houses in which you could guess how life was behind those country houses. In some way, I have always been there, I am always here. You take the places with yourself, the places are within yourself. I am still among the gum trees and labyrinths, that place where you can easily get lost. I guess you might as well get lost in Paradise. Bizarre statues turn pretty, a ruin that is not a ruin, a tennis court. And then, in the very Las Delicias Hotel, a big room with mirrors. I have certainly found myself in those infinite looking glasses. Many arguments, many scenes, many poems that I imagined were born in Adrogué or were fixed in Adrogué. Whenever I talk about gardens, whenever I talk about trees, I am in Adrogué; I have thought about that city, it is unnecessary to name it. The volume is a limited edition by Ediciones Adrogué. The library of the partido keeps a copy. Contents Prologo by Roy Bartholomew, dated 30 September 1977 Las Poemas Adrogué La Pesadilla El Tango La Luna - a Maria Kodama Llaneza - a Haydee Lange Alexandria, 641 A.D. Susana Bombal Sueña Alonso Quijano Elvira de Alvear A Mi Padre Baruch Spinoza Las Causas Pagina para Recordar al Colonel Suarez Vencedor en Junin Reissue On the occasion of the writer's 112th anniversary, the municipality of Almirante Brown reissued a free edition of the book with a selection of poems from the original, to which accounts by locals who met Borges were added. References 1977 poetry books Argentine poetry Poetry collections", "title": "Adrogue, con ilustraciones de Norah Borges" }, { "docid": "47870430", "text": "Maze runner is a routing method in electronic design automation. Maze Runner or The Maze Runner may also refer to: The Maze Runner is the first book in a young-adult post-apocalyptic dystopian science fiction series of novels. The Maze Runner (book series) Maze Runner (film series), the film series The Maze Runner, the first in a series of film adaptations of the book series Maze Runner: The Scorch Trials, the second film in the film adaptation series Maze Runner: The Death Cure, the third and final film in the series", "title": "Maze runner (disambiguation)" }, { "docid": "5717312", "text": "In electronic design automation, maze runner is a connection routing method that represents the entire routing space as a grid. Parts of this grid are blocked by components, specialised areas, or already present wiring. The grid size corresponds to the wiring pitch of the area. The goal is to find a chain of grid cells that go from point A to point B. A maze runner may use the Lee algorithm. It uses a wave propagation style (a wave are all cells that can be reached in n steps) throughout the routing space. The wave stops when the target is reached, and the path is determined by backtracking through the cells. See also Autorouter References . One of the first descriptions of a maze router. Electronic engineering Electronic design automation Electronics optimization", "title": "Maze runner" }, { "docid": "39752818", "text": "The Kill Order is a 2012 young adult dystopian science fiction novel written by American author James Dashner and published on August 14, 2012, by Delacorte Press. It is the first prequel book in The Maze Runner series and the fourth installment overall. The book is set prior to the events of The Fever Code and 13 years before The Maze Runner book. Plot In the Prologue, Thomas goes through the Swipe and is put in the Box, as he is one of the candidates who is needed inside. He is told that Teresa will get the Swipe as well. Thomas is then sent into the Maze with Teresa, setting the events of The Maze Runner in motion. Set thirteen years before the prologue and the events of The Maze Runner, the main story of the novel begins in New York City, when the world is hit by catastrophic solar flares. Mark and Trina form an alliance with Alec, Lana, and others, who rescue them from a group of street urchins. The group flees to the fictional Lincoln Building to avoid an impending tsunami. The Tsunami ends up being made of searing hot water due to the solar flare, killing most of the survivors in New York and giving Mark PTSD. They camp out in the building for weeks until a yacht arrives, but the yacht's crew takes them hostage and kills one of them in order to persuade them to give up all the food in the Lincoln building. Alec manages to overcome their captors, and they take the yacht as their own and pilot the boat to the Appalachian Beaches. The story resumes one year after the tsunami near Asheville, a small North Carolina town in which Mark, Trina, Alec, and Lana now live. Huge helicopter-like vehicles, called Bergs, arrive and attack the people in the towns. The crew showers their settlement with darts that kill many townies. Alec and Mark manage to subdue and take over a Berg, but its pilot crashes the vehicle in order to avoid answering their questions. They discover that the darts contained a deadly virus, and they start their long journey back to their town. Three days later, they reach the town to find that the virus had killed most of the infected. Lana and Trina explain that after the initial death toll, people started living a little longer before they die, and symptoms of infection also changed. Mark and Alec explain that the darts were filled with a virus, and the group suspects that the virus is mutating. Trina and Lana take Mark and Alec to a locked room in which one of their other friends, Darnell, is confined. Increasingly sick, he had started having hallucinations, apparently from the virus, and begged Trina and Lana to lock him up, which they did. Their friend started saying that \"they\" were in his brain and eating it away. He kept repeating that \"they\" were going to eat at his head until nothing was", "title": "The Kill Order" }, { "docid": "2763864", "text": "\"In the Walls of Eryx\" is a short story by American writers H. P. Lovecraft and Kenneth J. Sterling, written in January 1936 and first published in Weird Tales magazine in October 1939. It is a science fiction story involving space exploration in the near future. Plot The story, written in first-person narrative, depicts the life and death of a prospector on the planet Venus who, while working for a mining company, becomes trapped in an invisible maze. The story takes place in the future, when humanity has developed space travel and begun to explore Venus. There, they discover valuable crystal orbs that can be used as a source of electrical power, as well as a race of primitive \"man-lizards\" who guard the crystals fervently and who attack any humans who try to take them. The narrator, Kenton J. Stanfield, is one of many explorers employed to collect the crystals. He is equipped with a breathing apparatus fueled by oxygen cubes (as Venus' atmosphere cannot sustain human life) and has a leather protective suit, as well as a \"flame pistol\" to use against man-lizards. While on a routine mission, the narrator encounters a bizarre structure: a maze whose walls are completely invisible, inside of which is a crystal of unusually large size. The prize is held by a dead prospector. The protagonist, feeling confident he can map out the maze, makes his way to the center after collecting the crystal in order to explore the structure. However, he soon discovers that he has misjudged the maze, and is unable to relocate the entrance point. Trapped in the maze, the narrator's oxygen and water supply steadily begins to run out, and man-lizards soon begin to gather at the outside of the maze to observe and mock him. Realizing the futility of his situation, the narrator begins to grasp the religious significance of the crystals to the man-lizards, and also realizes that the maze's nature as a constructed structure, and as a trap, indicates that the man-lizards are actually more intelligent than the humans are willing to admit. In time he realizes that he will face the same fate as the preceding prospector. Dying, the narrator writes down his observations on a futuristic form of recording paper. He describes how in his last moments he has developed a feeling of kinship with the man-lizards, and pleads with his superiors to leave Venus, the man-lizards, and the crystals alone, as they hold mysteries humanity cannot begin to grasp, and mankind does not really need to exploit them. The narrator's testimony, along with his body, are soon recovered by a search party, who discover an additional exit just behind the ground where Stanfield died, which the prospector missed when attempting to map out the maze. However, his dying pleas for humanity to leave Venus alone are dismissed by his employers as unfortunate dementia caused by his desperate situation, and instead the crystal mining company decides to use draconian measures to annihilate the man-lizards completely.", "title": "In the Walls of Eryx" }, { "docid": "652414", "text": "Sabre Wulf is an action-adventure game released by British video game developer Ultimate Play the Game for the ZX Spectrum home computer in 1984. The player navigates the pith-helmeted Sabreman through a 2D jungle maze while collecting amulet pieces to bypass the guardian at its exit. The player does not receive explicit guidance on how to play and is left to decipher the game's objectives through trial and error. Sabreman moves between the maze's 256 connected screens by touching the border where one screen ends and another begins. Each screen is filled with colourful flora, enemies that spawn at random, and occasional collectibles. Ultimate released the game for the ZX Spectrum at an above-average price to combat piracy. Its premium product packaging became a company standard. The developers had finished Sabre Wulf sequels in advance of its release but—in keeping with their penchant for secrecy—chose to withhold them for marketing purposes. The sequels were swiftly released later that year. Ultimate hired outside developers to port Sabre Wulf to other computing platforms: the BBC Micro, Commodore 64, and Amstrad CPC. The game was later featured in compilations including the 2015 retrospective of games by Ultimate and its successor, Rare. Several gaming publications recommended the game, and Crash magazine readers named it the \"Best Maze Game\" of 1984. Sabre Wulf was a bestseller and a financial success. Though its labyrinthine gameplay was similar to that of Ultimate's previous release, reviewers preferred Sabre Wulf. They further noted its difficult gameplay and lauded its graphics. Game journalists remember Sabre Wulf among the Spectrum's best releases, and for starting the Sabreman series. Gameplay In Sabre Wulf, the player guides the pith-helmeted adventurer Sabreman through a two-dimensional maze. The player must reconstruct an amulet from its four pieces scattered throughout the maze to bypass the guardian at its exit, a cave that leads to the game's sequel, Underwurlde. The maze is presented in flip-screens such that the player views one static tile of the maze's grid at a time. For example, when Sabreman reaches the left edge of one screen, he continues the maze at the right edge of the next screen. The game opens to music composed by Johann Sebastian Bach. Its tiled maze contains 256 screens and is drawn in a 16 by 16 grid. The maze's paths are bordered by tropical flora, populated with attacking enemies and, on its outskirts, surrounded by mountains. Apart from the jungle, the game's maze also includes several lakes. The player swings Sabreman's sabre with the push of the joystick's fire button to defeat enemies that spawn in random on-screen locations. When the player idles too long in the same screen, an indestructible bushfire appears to pursue Sabreman. Enemies include spiders, scorpions, snakes, bats, indigenous people, sleeping hippos, and a fast wolf (the titular Sabre Wulf). Some enemies are killed, others flee when hit, while the wolf, cave guardian, and bushfire are unaffected by the sabre. The player does not receive any explicit guidance on how to play", "title": "Sabre Wulf" }, { "docid": "44026238", "text": "The Fever Code is a 2016 young adult dystopian science fiction novel written by American author James Dashner and published on September 27, 2016, by Delacorte Press. It is the second prequel book in The Maze Runner series and the fifth installment overall. The Fever Code is the second book, chronologically, set in between the events of The Kill Order and The Maze Runner. Plot In the prologue, soldiers from WICKED arrive to take Newt's sister, Lizzy. However, Newt and Lizzy's parents put up a fight and are killed. Since Newt and Lizzy are now orphans, WICKED takes them both with Newt as a control subject. In the narrative's main plot, Stephen is introduced and has been renamed Thomas by the people in the organization WICKED (World in Catastrophe: Killzone Experiment Department). Killzone means the brain, the \"kill zone\" of the Flare. Thomas is only five years old, and since his father has a bad infection of the Flare, his mother has given him up for his safety. He is under the care of WICKED in its main complex in the middle of an Alaskan forest. He meets Teresa, who, like him, is kept separate from the others. He has to go through blood tests and advanced classes and soon meets Dr. Paige, who acts as a parent to him, and he soon becomes her favorite. They start sneaking out and meet Newt, Minho, and Alby. Newt reveals that his sister was renamed Sonya and is part of Group B. They start exploring the complex every day. The three take Thomas and Teresa into the outside world, only to be caught by WICKED security officers and thrown into the \"Crank pits\" (except for Newt, who is taken to be tested for the virus since he is not immune), where they encounter the founder of WICKED, who is nearly past his sanity and writes on a chalkboard, \"WICKED is good.\" The five children are deeply changed by the experience. They have no secret meetings in the maintenance room for a while, but Teresa then manages to hack WICKED's security systems and allow the friends to meet. Teresa, Thomas, Aris, and Rachel are then recruited to build the Maze. At one of their meetings, Thomas and Teresa stumble upon Charles (Named after Charles Darwin), nicknamed Chuck, who becomes the little brother they never had. Their secret meetings continue, with Chuck included. The day after, WICKED finds out that Minho tried to escape, and in front of Thomas, it unleashes a Griever on Minho to show him that anyone who tries to escape and gets caught will be harshly punished. After the horrible experience, Thomas goes back and directs all of his attention to building the Maze. Shortly afterward, the Maze is complete, which means his best and only friends will be sent into the maze first. Right before they are sent in, Thomas and Teresa go to say their goodbyes. Their friends ask them why only they are going in, not Thomas", "title": "The Fever Code" }, { "docid": "1920455", "text": "Maze is a Patience game using a deck of 52 playing cards. Despite the similarity in name, this game is different from the solitaire game of Labyrinth, and is more similar to the solitaire game of Gaps. Rules First, all 52 cards are laid out into a 6 x 9 grid, where the first two rows have 8 cards instead of 9. Then, the Kings are moved and discarded from play. This leaves six gaps, four left behind by the Kings and the two spaces formed on the first two rows. The rule of the game are as follows: A gap is filled by a card that is the same suit and a rank higher than the card on the gap's left or one that is the same suit and a rank lower than the card on the gap's right, whichever is more advantageous. A gap to the right of a Queen can be filled with any ace or a card that is the same suit and a rank lower than the card on the gap's right, again, whichever is more advantageous. However, a gap to the left of an Ace is not filled. The rows run from left to right, top to bottom. The rows are continuous. The last card of one row is connected to the first card of the next. So goes with the last card of the sixth row to the first card of the first row. Thus, a gap on the extreme left of a row can be filled with a card with the same suit and a rank lower than the card on the gap's right or a card with the same suit and a rank higher than the last card of the row above, and vice versa. The game is won when all 48 cards are arranged in four suit sequences from Ace to Queen with an Ace as the first card on the first row and a Queen as the last card of the sixth row; it does not matter where the gaps end up when this is achieved. See also List of solitaire games Glossary of solitaire terms References \"Maze\" (p.234) in The Complete Book of Card Games by Peter Arnold, Hamlyn Publishing, 2010. \"Maze\" (p.118) in Little Giant Encyclopedia of Games for One or Two, The Diagram Group, 1998. \"Maze\" (p.76) in The Encyclopedia of Games by Barb Whiter, Hinkler Books, 2000. Open non-builders Single-deck patience card games", "title": "Maze (solitaire)" }, { "docid": "3352461", "text": "The Maze of the Beast is the sixth book in the Deltora Quest novel series, written by Emily Rodda. It was published in 2001 by Scholastic. Plot summary Lief, Barda, and Jasmine had retrieved the emerald from Dread Mountain. They travel along the River Tor to get to the Maze of the Beast, where they will get the amethyst. The gems they are taking are part of a Belt of Deltora, which will defeat the Shadow Lord that has invaded Deltora. During their travel, they encounter a pair of children nearly drowning in a stream. They save the children, but they reveal themselves to be Ols, creatures created by the Shadow Lord that can transform themselves to become another living creature. These creatures overrun the west side of Deltora to keep the gems hidden. Just before Barda is about to die, a boy Dain attacks the Ols and saves them. In the process, Dain injures his arm and several ribs. This causes Lief to sympathize for the boy, and take him to the Resistance, a group of people who rebel against the Shadow Lord. Arriving at the entrance to the Resistance's hideout, Dain faints from the pressure and forces the three to guess the password before they are marked as Ols and killed. Lief finds a note and realizes that the password is the first letter of every word on the note. They enter the Resistance and Doom, a man they have encountered before, tests them by putting them in a prison for three days. The test is supposed to find out if they are Ols because Ols can only hold their shape for three days. As three days pass, Doom does not let up and keeps them imprisoned. Dain frees them from the cave in exchange for their agreeing to take him to Tora. When Lief, Barda, and Jasmine reveal that they are not going to Tora, they split apart to make them less recognizable. Lief, Dain, and Barda take a boat that takes them down the river to the Maze of the Beast. They realize that Jasmine was also on the boat. The boat is raided by pirates, and Dain is taken prisoner. After reaching the Maze, Barda is revealed to be an Ol by the real Barda. Unfortunately, they are captured by pirates and are dumped into the Maze. After finding the location of the gem, Barda and Jasmine separate from Lief to lead the Beast away and Lief stays to carve the gem out of a column. They regroup when Lief was done, and escape the cave through a blowhole. The blowhole blows just after they escape, which takes the life of two pirates. The three then start off their journey to the Valley of the Lost. Characters Lief: Lief is the main character of the series. As a child Lief roamed the streets of Del, sharpening his wits and gaining him the skills needed for his future quests. On his sixteenth birthday it is revealed", "title": "The Maze of the Beast" }, { "docid": "1650638", "text": "Larry's Party is a 1997 novel by Carol Shields. There is an underlying theme of people retracing their steps, both literally and figuratively, and going down different routes to try to achieve fulfilment. The novel examines the life of Larry Weller, an \"ordinary man made extraordinary\" by his unique talent for creating labyrinths. Shields' profound insights into human nature transform Larry from an ordinary, average man into a figure of universal humanity. The novel won the 1998 Orange Prize for Fiction. In 2001, it was adapted into a musical by Richard Ouzounian and Marek Norman, which starred Brent Carver as Larry. It had its premiere at CanStage in Toronto, Ontario. Plot In 1976, Larry Weller is twenty-six years old and employed as a florist in Winnipeg, Manitoba. He accidentally takes a stranger's identical Harris tweed jacket from a coffee shop. This prompts thoughts about his girlfriend Dorrie Shaw and his parents Stu and Dot. In 1978, Larry marries Dorrie, and they honeymoon in the UK, where he discovers a love for garden mazes when he becomes lost in one. On his thirtieth birthday in 1980, Larry invites his family over for a picnic. He and Dorrie have bought a house and have a son, Ryan. By 1983, Larry is spending all of his spare time working on a maze around his house, and it now takes up both the front and back yards. A frustrated Dorrie calls in a bulldozer to tear down the entire front section of the maze. This leads to the couple's divorce. Larry remarries, to a scholar of ancient Catholic saints, named Beth Prior. Their marriage is, for the most part, happy, though Larry realizes how much he loved Dorrie when they were married. By 1988, Larry has moved to Chicago and become one of only a handful of professional maze designers in the world. He thinks back to the maze at his old house in Manitoba and how Dorrie is keeping what is left of it alive. Larry's father dies of colon cancer that year. In 1991, Larry's son, Ryan, is twelve and visits him in Chicago. Ryan is a good artist and can speak French fluently. In 1992, Beth publishes her first book, and the couple begin to quarrel. In 1994, Larry wins the State of Illinois award for creative excellence for his mazes, but a few months later he and Beth are separated after she accepts a teaching position in the UK, and they get divorced. In 1996, Larry collapses and falls into a coma for twenty-two days. Beth does not visit him, but Dorrie and Ryan do. The following year, Larry decides to throw a dinner party. He invites his friends, his girlfriend Charlotte, and both of his former wives. As the party is winding down, he experiences a vision of another reality in which he and Dorrie settled their quarrels and never divorced. Dorrie stays behind to help Larry clean up, Charlotte takes a liking to one of Larry's guests, and", "title": "Larry's Party" }, { "docid": "3337239", "text": "MadMaze is an online video game designed by Eric Goldberg and developed by Greg Costikyan in 1989. It was the first online game to draw over a million players, and was playable through the Prodigy service. The game disappeared in 1999 with the death of the Prodigy service, but with the permission from the service and the creators, fans of the game have rehosted it. Gameplay Gameplay is fairly simple - the game is based around two dimensional mazes, which the player often has to map out in order to progress. Completion of a maze is rewarded by an interactive scene with some character or location in the world of the maze. The interactive scenes between the different mazes are known as \"Places of Power.\" Choosing the right option allows the player to gain some hints for solving other puzzles in the maze, or to progress further. Many interactive scenes feature multiple possible solutions, only some of which will reward the player with clues. Most scenes can be repeated to achieve a successful outcome, and some scenes result in death, requiring the player to restart. \"Saving\" your game was done by means of entering a poem at the opening screen of the game, which worked as a password to transport the player to a certain part of the game. The mazes started out as extremely simple, but continually grew in complexity until most could not be solved by trial and error. The walls in the mazes were all at 90 degrees, and involved simple commands in any of the four directions to progress, with the player always facing in the direction of the last place he moved. One of the later mazes also featured invisible walls so that the player had to identify whether he was making progress or not by text in the game. The graphics were fairly simple, the maze backgrounds used only a few images which varied in color schemes, conversations took place over text, and simple 2D pixelated images provided backgrounds for some of the interactive scenes. Plot The basic plot of the game was that the player had to fulfill the task of a runner, by venturing into the Mad One's Maze and enlist the help of a wizard at the lowest level. The maze had three levels total, and different levels had their own set of characters, related puzzles, and storyline. Introduction The player takes on the role of a boy from the rural community of Weith Village. Wellan, the Village Elder, explains to the player that The Mad One has returned, and his influence continues to grow stronger over Weith Village; with the MadMaze threatening to engulf the village. The player is tasked by Wellan to travel to the center of the MadMaze and recruit the help of a wizard named Moraziel, on the pretext that only with his help can the Mad One be defeated. References External links Playable version of the game Interview with creator of game Article by the creator", "title": "MadMaze" }, { "docid": "32010836", "text": "Dylan Rhodes O'Brien (born August 26, 1991) is an American actor. His first major role was as Stiles Stilinski in the MTV supernatural series Teen Wolf (2011–2017). He achieved further prominence for his lead role in the science fiction Maze Runner trilogy (2014–2018), which led to more film appearances. O'Brien played Deepwater Horizon explosion survivor Caleb Holloway in the disaster film Deepwater Horizon (2016), fictional counterterrorist Mitch Rapp in the action thriller American Assassin (2017), and voiced the title character in the Transformers installment Bumblebee (2018). He also played the lead role in the adventure film Love and Monsters (2020). Early life O'Brien was born in New York City, the son of Lisa (née Rhodes), a former actress who ran an acting school, and Patrick O'Brien, a camera operator. He grew up in Springfield Township, New Jersey, until the age of twelve, when he and his family moved to Hermosa Beach, California. He is of Irish, Italian, English, and Spanish descent. After graduating from Mira Costa High School in 2009, he considered pursuing sports broadcasting and possibly working for the New York Mets. At 14, O'Brien began posting original videos onto his YouTube channel. In his senior high school year, a local producer and director approached him about working for a web series. While working on the series, O'Brien met an actor who connected him with a manager. O'Brien subsequently changed his plans to attend Syracuse University as a sports broadcasting major, to pursue acting. Career Before beginning his acting career, O'Brien produced, directed and starred in a number of short comedy films which he released through his personal YouTube channel. He was also the drummer for the independent rock band Slow Kids at Play. O'Brien's acting break came when he landed one of the main roles in MTV's Teen Wolf, a series loosely based on the 1985 film. He was intended to play Scott, but after reading the script, he wanted to audition for the part of Stiles instead. After four auditions, he was cast, and started playing the role in 2010. In 2011, O'Brien was introduced to audiences in the entirely improvised independent comedy film High Road. The next year, he starred in the romantic comedy The First Time. In 2013, while on hiatus from Teen Wolf, he co-starred in the comedy film The Internship; and that summer, filmed The Maze Runner (2014), playing the lead role of Thomas. Yahoo! Movies named him as one of the 15 Breakout Stars to Watch for in 2014. He reprised the role of Thomas in Maze Runner: The Scorch Trials, released on September 18, 2015. In March 2016, O'Brien was seriously injured on set while filming a stunt for Maze Runner: The Death Cure. He was in a harness on top of a moving vehicle when he was unexpectedly pulled off the vehicle and hit by another vehicle. His injuries included facial fractures, a concussion, and brain trauma. He later said that the accident \"'broke most of the right side'\" of", "title": "Dylan O'Brien" }, { "docid": "23605360", "text": "Dungeons & Dragons Computer Fantasy Game is a handheld electronic game released by Mattel in 1981. Designer Peter Oliphant claims that it was one of the more basic projects he worked on during his career. Release The Dungeons & Dragons Computer Fantasy Game was released in the fall of 1981. Mattel stated that the game immediately sold out, setting it apart from some of Mattel Electronics' more well-known sports-themed handhelds. Display The game unit is a portable game with an LCD screen, and is powered by watch batteries. The game opens with an isometric view of a simple 3D dungeon. The player is represented by a minor character who appears to be holding a sword aloft. The protagonist is at a crossroads in four passageways. The character's placement is indicated by an expanded letter and number, which always starts at A0. A cursor button moves a black arrow in one of four directions, while a move button moves the surface in the same way. The character that the player would be controlling and the maze are depicted in the bottom left corner of the tiny screen, giving room for other icons that indicate when other items and monsters are nearby in one of the four directions. This contains a bat that can randomly pick the character up and place the character elsewhere in the maze. There is also a pit that will kill the character if the character does not have a rope to pull the character out of the pit. The rope occurs at the beginning of the game's most accessible setting, in the dungeon in the intermediate location, and there is no rope in the most challenging environment. Gameplay The LCD screen displayed a dungeon junction in quasi-three dimensions, coupled with hints of routes that the player may explore further. Each intersection also featured a number and letter designation, allowing the player to create a map while searching. The dungeon itself was made up of 100 squares laid out in ten rows of ten. However, because the dungeon circled around itself, if the player were to walk beyond the edge in any direction, the character would resurface at the other edge. The gameplay is similar to Hunt The Wumpus, in that the player moves through a maze, must beware of bats and pits, and must find an arrow and shoot it at the dragon without entering its lair directly. To win, the player must first find the magical arrow, then the dragon, and then shoot it with the weapon while in another room. Every few seconds, an ominous four-tone piece of music plays as the player navigates through the maze. Each movement is accompanied by a tapping sound that is meant to indicate movement. The player will hear a descending sound followed by a few notes from a death dirge if the character falls into a pit. Unlike Hunt for the Wumpus, D&D's gameplay takes place on a ten by ten grid, with each square representing a different", "title": "Dungeons & Dragons Computer Fantasy Game" }, { "docid": "44731072", "text": "\"Stop, or My Dog Will Shoot!\" is the twentieth episode of the eighteenth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on May 13, 2007. When Santa's Little Helper rescues a lost Homer, he becomes a local hero and the Simpsons decide to enroll him in Police Dog Academy, where he is teamed with Lou and they become a crime-busting duo. Bart's excitement quickly vanishes after an incident with a jaded Santa's Little Helper, so to appease Bart's depression after the loss of his dog, Marge agrees to buy him a huge pet snake, which causes a life-threatening situation at Bart and Lisa's school. It was written by John Frink and directed by Matthew Faughnan. Friend of the show Stephen Hawking makes his third guest appearance on the show as himself, while Maurice LaMarche does the voice of the Horn Stuffer. Rudy Giuliani makes a guest voice appearance as himself, although not in the original airing. The fan-favorite song \"Freak On a Leash\" by metal band Korn is featured when Santa's Little Helper is trying to find Homer in a cornstalk maze. The episode was nominated for a Writers Guild of America Award. Plot Homer, excited about going to Oktoberfest, is disappointed when he discovers that Marge has tricked him and the kids into going to a Harvest Festival which allows no alcohol. While attempting to leave, Homer accidentally leads the family into a cornfield maze. Lisa crafts an escape plan with Tremaux's algorithm, a real life maze-solving method, but Homer is left behind after wrongly assuming that Marge wants to break up when she was suggesting to split up to find a way out. Homer is lost inside the maze for several hours and Santa's Little Helper is called upon by Bart to find him. The dog manages to sniff out Homer and drag him out of the maze. Santa's Little Helper becomes a hero and the Simpsons, persuaded by Chief Wiggum, enroll him in the Springfield Animal Police Academy, where he is teamed with Lou, managing to help fight crime in Springfield. Santa's Little Helper catches Snake Jailbird who is taken to court, but freed on a technicality. This makes Santa's Little Helper jaded, and when he returns home, he bites Bart on the leg out of frustration. Considering the fact that the pressure from the fight against crime is what led to the dog's actions on Bart, the Simpsons send the dog away to live with Lou. As a replacement, Marge buys Bart an African rock python, which he names Strangles. Bart takes Strangles to show and tell at school, where Strangles escapes into a school lab and unintentionally knocks over beakers of ethanol and nitric acid, mixing both substances and creating a toxic cloud. Bart, being the only person still stranded in school trying to find Strangles, collapses from the smoke, (remarking \"It smells like some chemicals cut one\"). Both Santa's Little Helper and", "title": "Stop, or My Dog Will Shoot!" } ]	[ "the Glade" ]
train_21971	when was the last time the cowboys won the superbowl	[ { "docid": "10075842", "text": "John Ayers (April 14, 1953 – October 2, 1995) was an American professional football guard in the National Football League (NFL) from 1977 through 1987. During that span, he appeared in two Super Bowls: Super Bowl XVI and Super Bowl XIX for the San Francisco 49ers. Ayers was a key contributor on the final 89-yard drive that led to the play that has been immortalized as \"The Catch\" in the 1982 NFC Playoffs versus the Dallas Cowboys. John Ayers played college football for the West Texas A&M Buffaloes. He was also a member of the 1987 Denver Broncos team that lost Super Bowl XXII, but did not appear in that game. Ayers also served for a brief period as the figurehead President of Bill Watts' Universal Wrestling Federation. Ayers was diagnosed with liver cancer and died on October 2, 1995. His daughter, Jolee, was a scholarship basketball player at Texas Tech University. References External links St. Petersburg Times http://vault.sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1125154 http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/football/features/superbowl/archives/16/ http://johnayers86.blogspot.com/ 1953 births 1995 deaths People from Carrizo Springs, Texas American football offensive guards West Texas A&M Buffaloes football players San Francisco 49ers players Denver Broncos players Deaths from liver cancer in the United States Players of American football from Texas", "title": "John Ayers" }, { "docid": "49207681", "text": "The Queensland derby refers to rugby league matches between National Rugby League (NRL) clubs, the Brisbane Broncos and North Queensland Cowboys, first contested in 1995. The rivalry features the two longest-serving Queensland based clubs in the ARL/Super League/NRL competitions. They have met 53 times since 1995, with Brisbane leading the head-to-head series 35–18; with two drawn matches. The derby is also known as the XXXX Derby, due to sponsorship from Castlemaine XXXX. In 2015, the clubs played in the first all-Queensland grand final, with North Queensland defeating Brisbane 17–16 in golden point extra time to win their first premiership. History Early years The Brisbane Broncos entered the New South Wales Rugby League premiership in 1988 alongside fellow Queensland club, the Gold Coast Giants. Under the coaching of Wayne Bennett and led by such players as Allan Langer, Kevin Walters, Glenn Lazarus and Steve Renouf, the Broncos established themselves as Queensland's premier rugby league club in the early 1990s. By the time the North Queensland Cowboys, based in the north Queensland city of Townsville, entered the competition in 1995, the Brisbane side were already two-time premiership winners and perennial finalists. The first meeting between the two teams occurred in Round 5 of the 1995 ARL season, when North Queensland hosted Brisbane at the Stockland Stadium. The Cowboys, who went into the game in last place, kept the scores level at 4–all at halftime, before star halfback Allan Langer set up three tries and scored one himself to give the Broncos a 20–12 victory. Over the next nine seasons, Brisbane maintained a stranglehold over the fixture, winning 13 of the 15 games played. The lone bright spot for North Queensland were two drawn games in Round 11 1997 and Round 8 1999 (both 20–all). Despite the regular losses, the game was a highlight in the season for North Queensland, regularly drawing crowds of 20,000+ in Townsville. 2004–2010 It would not be until 2004 that the North Queensland side would become a serious threat to the Brisbane Broncos, when the club finished in the top eight for the first time and qualified for their first finals series. North Queensland won their Week 1 finals match, while the Broncos lost theirs, meaning North Queensland would play as the \"home\" team when the two sides would meet at Sydney Football Stadium a week later. At the behest of both clubs, and in accordance with Sydney Football Stadium management, the NRL agreed to move the game to Townsville's Dairy Farmers Stadium. North Queensland won the game 10–0, giving them their first ever win over the Broncos and eliminating from the finals in the process. The game was Brisbane captain and club legend Gorden Tallis' last, who incidentally was born and raised in Townsville. The following season, Brisbane would regain control of the derby, winning both games in 2005. That season the Cowboys qualified for their first Grand Final, losing to the Wests Tigers. Between March 2006 and March 2007, North Queensland defeated Brisbane three straight times,", "title": "Queensland derby" }, { "docid": "16943471", "text": "Danie Brits was a South African professional wrestler and former South African Heavyweight Champion, known for his work in many of South Africa's major promotions in the past and for his 1980s stint as The Masked Tornado. Career Early career Danie Brits was an accomplished amateur wrestler and judoka before entering professional wrestling. Prior to the 1990s, doing professional wrestling and amateur wrestling at the same time in South Africa was forbidden. Due to his devotion to both sports and being one of the top amateur wrestling competitors in the country, Brits wrestled under a mask upon his professional wrestling debut in 1983, going by the names Tornado and The Masked Tornado. Bronco Universal Promotions/Interworld Wrestling Promotions (1983–92) Danie Brits made his ring debut in 1983 for Bronco Universal Promotions which was operated by legendary promoter Bull Hefer. On 28 November 1987, Danie Brits challenged unsuccessfully for the World Middleweight Title against Gama Singh. On 21 September 1989, Danie Brits teamed up with Danie Voges for the first time in over three years to take on Munro and Big Ox Baker at the Portuguese Hall for Interworld Wrestling Promotions. He won the South African Heavyweight Title from Danie Voges in June 1990, becoming the sixth champion in the title's history. Just prior to winning the championship he unmasked and started using his real name. The Tornado mask and gimmick was passed on to Steve Debbes, who became Tornado II. All Stars Wrestling/International Wrestling Federation (1993–2004) On 12 April 1993, he defeated Gama Singh. On 21 May 1994, Danie Brits teamed up with Giant Warrior who was his arch-rival at the time to defeat Gama Singh and Danie Voges in a tag team match. On 22 July 1994, Danie Brits teamed up with Danie Voges, losing to the American Wrecking Crew of Robbie Rage and Mike Fury at the Sun City Superbowl in an inter-promotional supercard. In September, 1995, Danie Brits received an injury to the eye after having an object thrown at him by a spectator in his All Stars Wrestling match with Giant Warrior, after which he was forced to have a major operation. On 20 September 1996, Danie Brits wrestled the American Man Mountain Rock at an All Stars Wrestling show promoted by Paul Lloyd, father of WWE star Justin Gabriel. On 29 November 1997, Danie Brits took on and lost to Rage at the famed Orient Theatre in East London. On 30 March 1999, Danie Brits faced Gama Singh at the Orient Theatre in what would be their very last encounter. World Wrestling Professionals (2004–07) In 2004, he joined World Wrestling Professionals and was billed Danie \"The Legend\" Brits. He took part in the first and second seasons of WWP Thunderstrike, which was airing on national television in South Africa. He teamed up with his nephew Ananzi and won the WWP Tag Team World Title. During a house show in Durban they caused a legitimate riot and were forced out of the building by police escort. Danie", "title": "Danie Brits" }, { "docid": "43519954", "text": "The 1995 NSL First Division was the 11th edition of the National Soccer League First Division. The competition was won by Cape Town Spurs, who won the double by also winning the 1995 Bob Save Superbowl. References 1995", "title": "1995 NSL First Division" }, { "docid": "2782571", "text": "Glades Day School is a K-12 private school in Belle Glade, Florida. It is accredited by the Florida Council of Independent Schools. It was founded in 1965 as a segregation academy by white parents in response to the court-ordered desegregation of Palm Beach public schools. It opened as Pahokee Day School and was renamed in 1967 as Day School of the Glades when it purchased and renovated the former Everglades Memorial Hospital in Pahokee. In 2006, Pahokee Mayor JP Sasser told a newspaper that he left the school in 1970 because administrators prohibited the football team from shaking hands with racially integrated opponents, but that he now supports the school \"because they are not the same school.\" In 2006, the student body was 8.5% Black, while nearby public high schools were (Glades Central and Pahokee) were more than 97% Black. Sasser said the Pahokee High School football team showed up to root for Glades Day as it pursued a state championship. \"The people of the Glades come together for the Glades, and history's history.\" Athletics The Robert L. Mace Athletic Center is the hub for sports at the school. It has a hardwood floor, an upstairs concession area and air-conditioned gym, and a weight room. The Glades Day football team has won the FHSAA championship seven times, in 1980, 1982, 1986, 1995, 2006 (Class 1A, defeated North Florida Christian School, 42-9), 2009 (Class 1B, defeated Warner Christian Academy), and 2010. In 2009, Kelvin Taylor was named the National Freshman of the Year by CBS's Maxpreps.com. He rushed for 2,597 yards and had a state-record 47 touchdowns on 295 carries. Games can be heard on Florida Cast or on WBGF 93.5FM (In Palm Beach County) Notable alumni Stanley Arnoux (2004) - former NFL player who won a SuperBowl with the New Orleans Saints and played college football at Wake Forest Kelvin Taylor (2013) - professional football running back who played college football at Florida References External links Edline Homepage Private high schools in Florida High schools in Palm Beach County, Florida Private middle schools in Florida Private elementary schools in Florida Segregation academies in Florida 1965 establishments in Florida Educational institutions established in 1965", "title": "Glades Day School" }, { "docid": "15987041", "text": "The Oklahoma State Cowboys basketball team represents Oklahoma State University in Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States in NCAA Division I men's basketball competition. All women's teams at the school are known as Cowgirls. The Cowboys currently compete in the Big 12 Conference. In 2020, CBS Sports ranked Oklahoma State the 25th best college basketball program of all-time, ahead of such programs as Oklahoma and Texas. Oklahoma State men’s basketball has a very rich history of success, having won more national titles and advanced to the NCAA Championship, Final Four, Elite Eight and Sweet Sixteen more times than any Big 12 program other than Kansas. Oklahoma State has won a combined 23 regular season conference titles and conference tournament titles, which is the most of any program in the state of Oklahoma. Since 1938, the team has played its home games in Gallagher-Iba Arena. Prior to 1957, the school was known as Oklahoma A&M College, and the teams were nicknamed the Aggies. On March 21, 2016, Brad Underwood was hired as head coach at Oklahoma State, replacing the fired Travis Ford. Just short of one year, on March 18, 2017, Underwood left the program for Illinois. Assistant Mike Boynton was promoted to head coach on March 24. Steve Lutz was hired as the head coach April 1, 2024. History Oklahoma State University (then Oklahoma A&M College) began varsity intercollegiate competition in men's basketball in 1908. The Cowboys (including the predecessor Aggies teams) rank 35th in total victories among all NCAA Division I college basketball programs, with an all-time win–loss record of 1517–1053 (.590) at the end of 2010–11 season. The Cowboys (including the predecessor Aggies teams) have made 28 total appearances in the NCAA tournament (37–21 overall record), reaching the NCAA Final Four six times (1945, 1946, 1949, 1951, 1995, 2004) and the NCAA regional finals (Elite Eight) eleven times. Oklahoma State (then Oklahoma A&M College) won the NCAA Championship in 1945 and 1946. The Cowboys rank tenth (tied with three other programs) in all-time Final Four appearances and seventh (tied with seven others) in total NCAA Championships. The early years (1907–34) Under nine head coaches in this period Oklahoma A&M found very little success, with only six winning seasons. Very little success was found early on and after a six-win 15-loss season under first-year coach John Maulbetsch things were not looking well. However, in the next three seasons Maulbetsch turned around the program, leading the Aggies to a 41–20 record culminating with a first-place finish in their last season in the Southwest Conference. The move to the Missouri Valley Conference in 1925 would halt the progress under this budding coach. After Maulbetsch resigned from the positions of football, baseball and basketball coach the Aggies would not have another winning season until Henry Iba took the reins in 1934. However, despite an overall record of 7–9, the Aggies did win the Missouri Valley Conference Co-Championship in 1930-31 under Coach George E. Rody with a conference record of 5–3. This period in Oklahoma", "title": "Oklahoma State Cowboys basketball" }, { "docid": "16876596", "text": "The 1995 North Queensland Cowboys season was the first in the club's history. Coached by Grant Bell and captained by Laurie Spina, they competed in the ARL Premiership. Season summary Two years after being admitted into Australia's premier rugby league competition, the North Queensland Cowboys played their first official premiership game on Saturday, March 11. Led by inaugural captain and Ingham local Laurie Spina, the club faced the Sydney Bulldogs in front of a crowd of 23,156 at Stockland Stadium. There was no fairy tale beginning for the club, as centre Adrian Vowles was sent off for a high shot six minutes into the match and the Bulldogs won the game 32-16. Teenage fullback Damian Gibson, who was making his first grade debut, scored the club's first premiership try. The club found little success during their debut season in the premiership. They began the season with seven straight losses before picking up their first ever win against the Illawarra Steelers at Steelers Stadium in Round 8. A six-game losing streak followed, which was then snapped in Round 15, when the club recorded their first ever home win, defeating the Western Suburbs Magpies. It would be the last time the club enjoyed victory that season, as they ended the year with seven consecutive losses. The Cowboys finished 1995 in 20th place, winning the dreaded wooden spoon, with just two wins from 22 games. Former Eastern Suburbs Roosters prop Wayne Sing, who played 20 games, was named Player of the Year and Players' Player at the end of the season. The Cowboys would also have three players participate in the 1995 Rugby League World Cup. Jonathan Davies (a former Welsh rugby union international) and Kevin Ellis (who spent the entire season in reserve grade) both represented Wales, while Robert Piva (a recruit from Wakefield Trinity) represented Western Samoa. Perhaps the one bright spot from the Cowboys' inaugural season was the debut of young Proserpine centre Paul Bowman. Bowman, who played seven games in 1995, would go onto captain the club and play 203 games over 13 seasons. Following his retirement in 2007, the club renamed their Player of the Year award the Paul Bowman Medal in his honour. He would join the club's coaching staff as an assistant coach and later their high performance manager, being on the staff for their NRL Premiership and 2016 World Club Challenge winning sides. Milestones Round 1: The club played their first premiership game (losing 16-32 to the Canterbury Bulldogs). Round 1: Damian Gibson scored the club's first try. Round 1: Damian Gibson and Ian Dunemann made their first grade debuts. Round 2: David Maiden made his first grade debut. Round 3: Glen Murphy made his first grade debut. Round 4: Steven Holmes and Justin Loomans made their first grade debuts. Round 5: Peter Jones made his first grade debut. Round 7: Justin Loomans became the first player to score two tries in a match for the club. Round 8: The club won their first game", "title": "1995 North Queensland Cowboys season" }, { "docid": "72394893", "text": "The 2023 season was the Philadelphia Eagles' 91st season in the National Football League (NFL) and their third under head coach Nick Sirianni. The Eagles entered the season as defending NFC champions. The Eagles failed to equal or improve on their 14–3 record from the previous year due to their loss to the Seattle Seahawks in Week 15. However, the same week, the Eagles clinched their third consecutive playoff berth, their sixth in seven years, due to the Green Bay Packers losing to the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, the Atlanta Falcons losing to the Carolina Panthers, and the San Francisco 49ers defeating the Arizona Cardinals. Despite starting with a 10–1 record for the second consecutive season, the Eagles would lose five of their last six games, causing them to lose the first seed in the NFC to the 49ers and the NFC East to the Dallas Cowboys. These problems were mostly attributed to the team's poor defense, which was ranked 26th out of 32; many of their victories fell within one score, and their losses to the playoff-bound 49ers and Cowboys were blowouts. Philadelphia needed both a win and a Cowboys loss to the Washington Commanders in Week 18 to repeat as division champions. However, the Cowboys clinched the division with a victory; the Cowboys would have won the tiebreaker over Philadelphia due to conference record even if they had lost due to the Eagles suffering a blowout loss to the Giants; if the Eagles had won, the Cowboys still would’ve won the division with their blowout victory over the Commanders. The Eagles' late-season woes continued into the playoffs, in which they were eliminated in the Wild Card round by the NFC South champion Tampa Bay Buccaneers in a 32–9 blowout loss. This late-season collapse is considered by many to be one of the worst in NFL history. The Eagles promptly fired offensive coordinator Brian Johnson and defensive coordinator Sean Desai within a week of their playoff exit. In the subsequent offseason, on March 4, 2024, center Jason Kelce retired after spending his entire 13-year career with the Eagles. On March 10, defensive tackle Fletcher Cox would also retire after spending 12 seasons with the team. This season would mark the first season since 2010 that the Eagles wore Kelly green uniforms and the first time since 1995 that they would be featured multiple times in a season. Roster changes Free agents Signings Departures Trades Draft Draft Notes Staff Final roster Preseason Regular season Schedule Note: Intra-division opponents are in bold text. Game summaries Week 1: at New England Patriots On a rainy opening day, the Eagles would come out of the gates strong with 16 unanswered points which included a 32 yard field goal from Jake Elliott, a Darius Slay 70 yard pick 6 and a 5 yard TD pass from Jalen Hurts to DeVonta Smith. New England would rally back with a pair of TD passes from Mac Jones to Hunter Henry and Kendrick Bourne. In the second half,", "title": "2023 Philadelphia Eagles season" }, { "docid": "1459658", "text": "Mark Matthew Stepnoski (born January 20, 1967) is an American former professional football player who was an offensive lineman in the National Football League (NFL). He attended Cathedral Preparatory School in Erie, Pennsylvania, and went on to star at the University of Pittsburgh. He played 13 seasons in the NFL, with the Dallas Cowboys from 1989 to 1994, with the Houston / Tennessee Oilers from 1995 to 1998, and back to the Cowboys for three more seasons. Stepnoski won two Super Bowls with the Cowboys and was selected to five consecutive Pro Bowls from 1992 to 1996. Early years Stepnoski, was a highly recruited All-State and Parade All-American offensive tackle from Erie Cathedral Preparatory School. He graduated from the school in 1985. He signed with the University of Pittsburgh and became a four-year starter at offensive guard, helping clear the way for Craig Heyward and Curvin Richards to become two of the leading rushers in the nation. Stepnoski was a third-team All-American as a sophomore, a consensus first-team All-American in 1988 and a finalist for the Outland Trophy as a senior. He was a two-time Academic All-American (1986 and 1988). He also played in the East–West Shrine Game. Professional career All values from NFL Combine Dallas Cowboys (first stint) Stepnoski was selected by the Dallas Cowboys in the third round of the 1989 NFL draft. He dropped in the draft because the scouts thought he was undersized for the National Football League. The Cowboys switched him to center, although he had never played that position. During his rookie year he was tutored by Tom Rafferty, who was playing his last season in the NFL. He became a starter for the last four games of the season. Stepnoski used his athletic ability, leverage and balance to outmaneuver bigger defensive players and become one of the league's best centers of his era. By the end of the 1991 season he was selected to the first of five straight Pro Bowls. From 1992 to 1994, together with Erik Williams, Mark Tuinei, Nate Newton and Kevin Gogan, he was part of some of the best offensive lines to play in NFL history, that also helped pave the way for Emmitt Smith to become the NFL's all-time leading rusher. In 1993, he suffered a knee injury that required surgery while playing against the Minnesota Vikings in the 13th game of the season. He was replaced by John Gesek and couldn't play during the playoffs and Super Bowl XXVIII. He became a free agent at the end of the season, but the Cowboys could only sign him to a one-year contract ($1.2 million and a $500,000 signing bonus). Stepnoski was one of the team's first big-name players to leave the Cowboys following the 1994 season via unrestricted free agency, leaving with three Pro Bowls and back-to-back Super Bowl victories. Houston / Tennessee Oilers Stepnoski signed with the Houston Oilers in 1995. During his first two seasons with the Oilers he increased his streak of Pro Bowl", "title": "Mark Stepnoski" } ]	[ { "docid": "10882865", "text": "Lloyd Leroy Folkins (born July 4, 1939) is an American former professional football player who was a tight end in the National Football League (NFL) for the Green Bay Packers, Dallas Cowboys and Pittsburgh Steelers. He played college football for the Washington Huskies. Early years Folkins attended Roosevelt High School, before accepting a football scholarship from the University of Washington. Folkins started as a sophomore playing both offense and defense, standing out as an offensive end, where he eventually formed a massive duo with John Meyers, with both standing 6–5 and over 200 pounds each. In 1959, Folkins helped the Huskies reach the 1960 Rose Bowl, winning it for the first time in school history, with a 44-8 upset against the University of Wisconsin. In 1960, Folkins was a preseason All-American candidate and again helped the Huskies reach the 1961 Rose Bowl, which they won 17-7 against the University of Minnesota. Professional career Green Bay Packers Folkins was selected by the Green Bay Packers in the sixth round (82nd overall) of the 1961 NFL Draft. He was converted to play tight end and was a reserve behind Ron Kramer. Folkins was part of the Packers 1961 World NFL Championship Team, but spent most of his time playing special teams. On 4 September 1962, Folkins was traded to the Dallas Cowboys in exchange for an eighth-round draft choice (#104-Keith Kinderman). Dallas Cowboys Folkins started the 1962 season as the backup for Pettis Norman at tight end, but by the fourth game he had won the starter position and developed into a very good pass receiver, catching 39 receptions for 536 yards and six touchdowns. In the 1962 Chicago College All-Star Game, Folkins swung at a collegiate player, but connected instead with the head official, rendering him unconscious. Folkins made the Pro Bowl in 1963 after making 31 catches for 407 yards and 4 touchdowns, becoming part of the franchise's legacy of Pro Bowl tight ends that includes: Jim Doran, Dick Bielski, Mike Ditka, Billy Joe Dupree, Jackie Smith, Doug Cosbie, Jay Novacek and Jason Witten. *Ditka and Smith did not make the Pro Bowl as Cowboys. After catching 70 passes in his first two seasons in Dallas, Folkins caught only five passes in 1964 after being passed on the depth chart by Pettis Norman. He played mainly on special teams and was forced to be the Cowboys punter in the last 2 games of the season (15 punts for 497 yards). On 6 September 1965, Folkins was traded to the Pittsburgh Steelers in exchange for a twelfth round draft choice (#173-Les Shy). Shortly after being traded by the Cowboys to the Steelers, he returned to play in the Old Cotton Bowl at Fair Park in Dallas. Folkins recovered a fumble during that game and ran along the Cowboy sideline, holding out the football toward Coach Tom Landry and the Cowboy Team, as he ran for a touchdown. Folkins worked for Tecon Corporation, owned by the Murchison Brothers who owned the Cowboys,", "title": "Lee Folkins" }, { "docid": "3233228", "text": "\"The One After the Superbowl\" is a double-length episode of the American television sitcom Friends' second season. The episode premiered on NBC on January 28, 1996, as the lead-out for NBC's telecast of Super Bowl XXX. The main storyline of the episode follows Ross, who learns that his former pet monkey Marcel had been employed for a film being shot in New York City, and then tries to get a role in said film as a ploy to reunite with the monkey. Citing previous failures in the high-profile post-Super Bowl timeslot, NBC deliberately decided against premiering a new series, and instead chose to schedule a high-profile episode of an existing, popular series. It was part of an effort by the network to achieve the \"highest-grossing ad-revenue day in television history.\" The episode featured many guest stars, including Brooke Shields, Chris Isaak, Julia Roberts, Jean-Claude Van Damme, Fred Willard, and Dan Castellaneta. With 52.925 million viewers and a 47 percent audience share, \"The One After the Superbowl\" was the most-watched episode of the series, and is the highest-rated Super Bowl lead-out program of all time. The episode itself received mixed reviews, with some critics arguing that the excessive number of guest stars dampened the episode's quality (with several reviews making comparisons to The Love Boat), but others praising it for its funnier moments. Shields was considered a standout among the guest stars; impressed by her performance, NBC would cast her in the starring role of its new sitcom Suddenly Susan. Plot After seeing a monkey in a beer commercial that reminds him of his former pet monkey Marcel, Ross decides to pay a visit to his old pet at the San Diego Zoo during his business trip to California. When Ross cannot find the monkey, the zoo administrator (Fred Willard) tells him that Marcel has died. However, a janitor (Dan Castellaneta) later informs Ross that Marcel was kidnapped and forced into show business and is currently filming a movie in New York. Meanwhile, Joey has to contend with a mentally ill stalker (Brooke Shields) who delusionally thinks that Joey is actually Dr. Drake Ramoray, the character he plays on Days of Our Lives. Despite this, Joey goes on a date with her. She later confronts him when she suspects \"Drake\" is cheating on her with another woman (actually another character in the soap opera). He tells her he is just an actor, but when she does not believe him, the others claim that Joey is \"Drake\"'s evil twin \"Hans\", in order to get her to leave him alone. Phoebe dates Rob (Chris Isaak) who hires her to perform at children's concerts at a local library. However, the songs she sings to the children are disturbing to the attending parents because they tell truths that the children have never heard before. When Rob's attempts to convince Phoebe to tone down her material for her next performances fail, he is forced to fire her, but the children then come to Central Perk to", "title": "The One After the Superbowl" }, { "docid": "2470688", "text": "Michael Lembeck (born June 25, 1948) is an American actor and television and film director. He is best known as Max Horvath in One Day at a Time (1979–1984). Life and career Lembeck was born in Brooklyn, New York, the son of Caroline Dubs and Harvey Lembeck, an actor and comedian. His parents practiced the Jewish faith. He began acting in the late 1960s and directing in the 1970s. His most notable acting role was as Julie Cooper (Mackenzie Phillips)'s husband, Max Horvath, on the sitcom One Day at a Time. He played newscaster Clete Meizenheimer on the series Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman. In 1975, he appeared on Barney Miller in the episode \"Hair\" as Officer Guardeno. He also played Kaptain Kool of the fictional band Kaptain Kool and the Kongs on The Krofft Supershow from 1976 to 1978. He is also known for his role as Vinnie Fazio in The Boys in Company C in 1978. He was a member of the cast of the 1985–1986 situation comedy Foley Square. He appeared with his father, actor Harvey Lembeck, in an episode of The Partridge Family in 1971. Lembeck has had collaborations with actor Peter Boyle (with whom he had previously appeared as an actor in Conspiracy: The Trial of the Chicago 8) in both The Santa Clause 2 and its sequel The Santa Clause 3: The Escape Clause. Lembeck also directed Boyle in a number of episodes of Everybody Loves Raymond. Lembeck's first film appearance came in the 1968 film Hang 'Em High where he portrays “Marvin,” a store clerk with two spoken lines, in which he asks the proprietor where to store blankets. He later acted in The In-Laws. He directed The Santa Clause 2 and The Santa Clause 3: The Escape Clause, as well as the Nia Vardalos film Connie and Carla and Tooth Fairy. Lembeck now works as a full-time film and TV director. He won an Emmy for his work on the Friends episode \"The One After the Superbowl\". He also directed 20 other episodes of the series. Personal life Lembeck is married to his second wife, retired actress Lorna Patterson. They raised two children, daughter Mimi and son Sam. His sister is actress Helaine Lembeck, best known as Judy in TV's Welcome Back, Kotter. Awards Lembeck's work has received recognition from the Directors Guild of America, and the Academy of Television Arts and Sciences (also known as the ATAS). 1996 WON - Primetime Emmy award for Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series (\"The One After the Superbowl\") (Friends) 1999 Nominated - Primetime Emmy award for Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series (\"The One Where Everybody Finds Out\") (Friends) 2000 Nominated - Primetime Emmy award for Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series (\"The One That Could Have Been (Part 1 & 2)\") (Friends) 2012 Nominated - Directors Guild award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Children's Programs (Sharpay's Fabulous Adventure) 2017 Nominated - Directors Guild award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Children's Programs (A Nutcracker Christmas)", "title": "Michael Lembeck" }, { "docid": "31287531", "text": "Everett Bowman (July 12, 1899 – October 25, 1971) was an American rodeo cowboy who competed from the 1920s to 1940s. During his career, he won the Rodeo Association of America (RAA) All-Around Cowboy championship in 1935 and 1937 and was second three times; he also won eight titles in individual disciplines. Bowman was involved in organizing cowboys, founding the first group for pro rodeo competitors, the Cowboys' Turtle Association (CTA), now known as the Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association (PRCA). From 1936 to 1945, he served as president of the organization. Bowman was inducted into the ProRodeo Hall of Fame in 1979. Rodeo career Bowman was born in Hope, New Mexico, and moved to Arizona when he was 13 years old; he also spent part of his youth in Texas. He joined the pro rodeo circuit in the 1920s: historian Michael Allen wrote that he started in 1924, while the Associated Press gave his debut year as 1925. According to the agency, he took up the sport after attending a Salt Lake City rodeo. In 1926, he won two disciplines and the all-around title at the Ellensburg Rodeo, and finished second for the all-around title at the Pendleton Round-Up. The next year, Bowman won the steer wrestling title at the Ellensburg Rodeo for the second straight year, and finished tied with his brother, Ed, for the all-around title. Bowman teamed with Jack Traynor to win a team steer roping world championship and set a single-run speed record that same year. In 1929, Bowman was the all-around champion at the Calgary Stampede despite not participating in the bronc riding discipline. Bowman won his first RAA season championship in the tie-down roping discipline that year; he added a steer wrestling championship in 1930. At the Calgary Stampede in 1931, he set the fastest-ever time for a calf roping run. Bowman won a third Ellensburg Rodeo steer wrestling title in 1932, and earned an all-around victory at the Frontier Day event in Prescott, Arizona. In 1933, he claimed the RAA season steer wrestling championship for the second time. The year 1935 was Bowman's most successful on the RAA circuit in terms of season championships. He was named All-Around Cowboy winner, and earned his third steer wrestling and second tie-down roping titles. Bowman finished second in the All-Around Cowboy standings in 1936, but in 1937 won his second All-Around Cowboy crown in three years, along with his third calf roping title. That same year, he claimed his only season steer roping championship. In 1938, he won his eighth and final discipline title in steer wrestling, which was his fourth in that category; Bowman finished second in the All-Around Cowboy standings, trailing Burel Mulkey at the end of the season by 87 points. He repeated his second-place finish in 1939. His career ended in 1943, with his final performance at New York City. Bowman won rodeo's Triple Crown (three season championships in one year) twice; Trevor Brazile and Jim Shoulders are the only other cowboys", "title": "Everett Bowman" }, { "docid": "22835206", "text": "Make It Do, (foaled 1964), better known as Peanuts, was a Quarter Horse gelding. Peanuts was inducted into the American Quarter Horse Hall of Fame in 2009. He was inducted into the ProRodeo Hall of Fame in the inaugural class of 1979. Background Peanuts was a 1964 sorrel gelding quarter horse, best known as a rodeo horse in the steer wrestling event. He was also a racehorse, winning six times before beginning his rodeo career. \"If you bet on that little horse, you won’t win peanuts.\" Peanuts' owner C.R. Jones traces his nickname back to his racing days. The horse's jockey, Jack Robinson, referred to him as \"Goober\" and claimed the 875 pound horse was \"no bigger than a peanut.\" This quarter horse was by champion Breeze Bar out of Camelot Broom by Camelot's Little Cuero. Judd Morse of San Jacinto, California, bred him. When Peanuts reached three years of age, he was traded to a cowboy who later sold him to his most prominent and last owner. That owner was C.R. Jones of Lakeside, California. Jones was a professional steer wrestler. He hazed Peanuts for a year and then used him for steer wrestling. Racing career Out of all the horses the late Stan Immenschuh worked with, one of the ones he recalls most affectionately was Peanuts. \"Peanuts first came into my life in January 1966, when I arrived at the Shamel Ranch in Murrieta, California, owned by breeder Judd Morse. Early one morning, I was there to load up a bunch of running horses to go to Bay Meadows Racetrack at San Mateo.\" His then-wife and ranch trainer LaRae told him Peanuts would win his first start and the most races overall, which he found dubious given that the horse was still only 850 pounds. However, after a couple of weeks, \"we all found that this little horse, Make It Do, might just do\": in his first start, he left the gate quickly and won the race by a couple of lengths against good competitors. At the winner's circle, Jack Robinson, his first call jockey, said, \"Stan, I don’t know how far he’ll run, but he can sure as hell leave that gate.\" After that, Peanuts continued leaving the gate speedily and winning races. Out of 22 races, he won six of them and earned $5,792. Immenschuh said, \"When Peanuts turned 3 years old, he finally started to grow and changed into a horse that would later be stout enough to carry a 'big cowboy' to a steer.\" His ankle started bothering him, so Immenschuh turned him out for a bit, then traded him to a cowboy named Bob Barnes, who later sold him to C.R. Jones. Immenschuh recalled, \"I picked up the Sports News the other day to read that Peanuts had won another world championship. I thought now 16 years old, Make It Do — alias Peanuts — made it do one more time.\" Rodeo career Peanuts competed in the Rodeo Cowboys Association and the Professional", "title": "Make It Do" }, { "docid": "2983219", "text": "Potemkin City Limits is the fourth full-length album by the Canadian punk rock band Propagandhi, released on October 18, 2005 through G7 Welcoming Committee Records in Canada, and Fat Wreck Chords elsewhere. It is the second Propagandhi release on their own label and the last on Fat Wreck Chords. The title of the album is an allusion to Potemkin village, a political term referring to a false construct intended to hide an undesirable situation. The opening track, \"A Speculative Fiction\", won the first annual ECHO Songwriting Prize from the Society of Composers, Authors, and Music Publishers of Canada (SOCAN). The band pledged to use the $5000 prize to make donations to the Haiti Action Network and The Welcome Place, an organization in Winnipeg (which they'd previously done volunteer work for) which helps refugees start new lives in Manitoba. Release On August 30, 2005, Potemkin City Limits was announced for release in two months' time; alongside this, its artwork and track listing was posted online. Three days later, \"America's Army™ (Die Jugend Marschiert)\" was made available for download through AmaericasArm.ca, which was made as a parody of the America's Army video game series. Potemkin City Limits was released on October 18, 2005 through the G7 Welcoming Committee Records in Canada, and Fat Wreck Chords in the US. The artwork, a girl playing jump rope on a chalk-drawings covered street, is a piece of art called Children's Games from the anarchist artist Eric Drooker. In November and December 2005, they went on a cross-country US tour, dubbed the Crimean Tour; they were joined on all dates by the Greg MacPherson Band, while Toys That Kill and fellow Fat Wreck Chords act Western Addiction appeared on select shows. In April 2006, the album was released on vinyl. In October 2006, they embarked on a tour of Canada with I Hate Sally, Hiretsukan, GFK, and DeadPoets appearing on various shows. In December 2006, the band toured the UK with Hiretsukan and GFK. After returning to Canada, they went on a short Western tour with GFK. Track listing \"A Speculative Fiction\" – 4:14 \"Fixed Frequencies\" – 3:58 \"Fedallah's Hearse\" – 4:00 \"Cut into the Earth\" – 3:41 \"Bringer of Greater Things\" – 2:45 \"America's Army™ (Die Jugend Marschiert)\" – 4:42 \"Rock for Sustainable Capitalism\" – 4:12 \"Impending Halfhead\" – 1:14 \"Life at Disconnect\" – 3:23 \"Name and Address Withheld\" – 3:21 \"Superbowl Patriot XXXVI (Enter the Mendicant)\" – 0:36 \"Iteration\" – 5:19 Personnel Chris Hannah – guitar, vocals Jord Samolesky – drums Todd Kowalski – bass, vocals References External links Official Lyrics album information at G7 Welcoming Committee Records \"americasarmy.ca\", homepage for the song \"America's Army (Die Jugend Marschiert)\" \"Children's Games\", cover by Eric Drooker 2005 albums Propagandhi albums Fat Wreck Chords albums G7 Welcoming Committee Records albums", "title": "Potemkin City Limits" }, { "docid": "12944728", "text": "Stadio Giovanni Mari is a multi-use stadium in Legnano, Italy. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of A.C. Legnano. The stadium holds 5,000 people. It is also used for the horse race of Palio di Legnano. History The plant, built near the plants of the engineering company Franco Tosi inspired by similar plants built in England, was inaugurated on 2 October 1921 with a ceremony that foresaw an athletics event organized by the Legnano Gymnastics which lasted from 8.30 am to 5 pm. After this event a football match was held between the A.C. Legnano and Inter, valid for the 1921–22 Prima Divisione (CCI), which ended with the result of 6-0 for the Legnanesi. Originally the sports facility was called \"the city stadium in via Pisacane\", from the name of the street in which it is located. Before the inauguration of the stadium, the A.C. Legnano played home games on a soccer field in via Lodi, built at the expense of Franco Tosi and the industrialist Antonio Bernocchi. The Via Lodi field, after the construction of the Via Pisacane stadium, continued to be used by the A.C. Legnano as a competition field for the youth sector and as a training ground, a place of use that remained in use until the end of the 1990s century. Later the via Lodi camp was transformed into a municipal boules alley. From 1937 to the stadium of via Pisacane is organized annually, on the last Sunday of May, the horse race of the palio di Legnano. The first edition of the palio horse race in Legnano (1935) was instead played at the former Brusadelli camp, a facility built as a sports center for the dope after-work of the Cotonificio Dell'Acqua and later named after Pino Cozzi, historic president of the Unione Sportiva Legnanese. The stadium in Via Pisacane, before the horse race, is the scene of the last phase of the historical parade as well as the preparatory events for the horse race, such as the honors to the Carroccio and the charge of the figurants who impersonate the Compagnia della Morte; this assault was made, according to legend, by the military structure led by Alberto da Giussano during the battle of Legnano. In the fifties, with the A.C. Legnano between Serie A and Serie B, the capacity of the Via Pisacane stadium was increased to 22,000 spectators thanks to the use of temporary stands that were made of tubular steel structures. On 11 October 1987, it was dedicated to the historic president of the A.C. Legnano , died 4 September of the same year. The title was made official on the occasion of the football match with the Pro Patria, football team of the neighboring city of Busto Arsizio. On 2 July 1994, the Giovanni Mari stadium hosted the XIV Italian Superbowl, won by the Frogs Legnano on the Rhinos Milano for 37 to 27, thanks to which the people of Legnano won their fifth", "title": "Stadio Giovanni Mari" }, { "docid": "21131748", "text": "The 2003–04 Oklahoma State Cowboys men's basketball team represents Oklahoma State University in the 2003–04 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team was led by 14th-year head coach Eddie Sutton. In 2002–03, the Cowboys finished 22–10 (10–6 in the Big 12 Conference). Preseason Four transfers became eligible to play for the Cowboys this season. Joey and Stevie Graham transferred from the University of Central Florida, Daniel Bobik transferred from BYU, and John Lucas III transferred from Baylor University but did not have to sit out the required year after the Baylor University basketball scandal. Regular season The Cowboys won their first four games before traveling to BYU to take on Daniel Bobik's former team and Rafael Araújo, who gave the Cowboys their first setback of the year. After six more consecutive wins, OSU lost in a blowout in its conference game against Bob Knight's Texas Tech Red Raiders in Lubbock. The Cowboys then won 11 straight conference games before falling in double overtime to Missouri. Oklahoma State won the regular season conference championship, finishing with a record of 14–2. Until 2018–19, it was the last time a team other than the Kansas Jayhawks won the Big 12 regular-season championship outright. (Oklahoma State and Kansas shared the title in 2004–05.) Postseason Oklahoma State followed up its regular season Big 12 Conference championship with the tournament championship. OSU received a #2 seed in the East Regional, where it defeated the #1 seed St. Joseph's University in the regional final with the game-winning shot coming from John Lucas III. At the Final Four, the Cowboys fell to Georgia Tech on a last-second shot by Will Bynum. Roster Big 12 Conference standings Schedule Team players drafted into the NBA References Oklahoma State Oklahoma State Cowboys basketball seasons NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament Final Four seasons Oklahoma State 2003 in sports in Oklahoma 2004 in sports in Oklahoma", "title": "2003–04 Oklahoma State Cowboys basketball team" }, { "docid": "7128385", "text": "The 2006 National Rugby League season consisted of 25 weekly regular season rounds starting on 11 March, followed by four weeks of play-offs that culminated in a grand final on 1 October. Regular season Round 1 Round 2 Many records were broken in this round. The Cowboy's Matt Sing scores his 150th try in first-grade, the sixth player to do so. Canterbury's Hazem El Masri scored 34 points, a club record. The extremely hot conditions on the Sunday afternoon of this round affected two games in particular. In Wollongong, a slow-moving, somewhat sloppy game saw St George Illawarra in their first ever period of golden point extra time, going down to Penrith 13-12. On the other hand, at Canberra, an all-time premiership record 102 points were scored between Newcastle and Canberra. This surpasses the previous record of 97 points scored in St. George's 91-6 defeat of Canterbury in 1935. Round 3 The Newcastle Knights has scored 116 points in the last two weeks with a 46-22 win over the Canterbury Bulldogs The Brisbane Broncos have won their first back to back wins since rounds 18 and 19 of the previous season. The Raiders have conceded 126 points in their last 2 games after a 56-20 loss to the Roosters. Round 4 Cronulla Sharks won their first game of the season win a 24-22 win over the South Sydney Rabbitohs The Panthers became the first team to play back to back Golden Point matches. Round 5 It was a Grand Final rematch between the North Queensland Cowboys and the Wests Tigers, this time the previous season's runners-up North Queensland taking the game 32-12. The Bulldogs became the first team to win after a Bye this year with a comprehensive 12-30 drubbing of the Raiders in Canberra Round 6 A very rare event occurred in Round 6 – a referee was injured during a match. In the 28th minute of the Newcastle vs Nth Qld match, referee Paul Simpkins blew time off and made his way off the field with an injured calf muscle. A replacement referee was organised – Tony De Las Heras, who had refereed the Jersey Flegg (third-tier competition) match earlier, was brought onto the field to take control of the rest of the match. Coincidentally, De Las Heras was the subject of the next instance a referee was injured in an NRL match, in Round 19, 2009. Also, for the first time in 8 years, first grade competitive rugby league returned to Adelaide after the Adelaide Rams were excluded from the competition after the 1998 season. The Penrith Panthers hosted the Melbourne Storm at Hindmarsh Stadium, which was won by Melbourne 40-18. However, Rugby league officials were hoping for an attendance of at least 10,000, and were disappointed with the attendance of only 7,017. Round 7 Round 8 Brisbane Broncos recorded their biggest comeback in the club's history when they came from 18-0 down at halftime to win 30-28 against the Canberra Raiders at Suncorp Stadium. Round 9", "title": "2006 NRL season results" }, { "docid": "71612974", "text": "Derek James Dixie is an American musician, record producer, and musical director best known for his work with Beyoncé, Chloe x Halle, and The Carters. He has five Grammy nominations and one Emmy nomination. Early life and education Dixie grew up in Youngstown, Ohio. He attended Youngstown State University and graduated from The Recording Workshop in Chillicothe, Ohio. Afterwards he taught audio engineering at The Recording Workshop. Career MTV’s Making His Band with Sean “Diddy” Combs In 2009, Dixie was one of 42 finalists in the MTV show \"Making His Band,\" about Sean \"Diddy\" Combs’ search for a band to play on his upcoming album, \"Last Dance in Paris.\" Superbowl Dixie was the music director for Beyoncé’s solo Superbowl half time show performance in 2013 and again in 2016 when she co-headlined with Coldplay and Bruno Mars. In 2019, Dixie arranged and orchestrated a performance by Chloe x Halle for Superbowl LIII with 30 Youngstown State University musicians and a Los Angeles horn and string ensemble. Beyoncé After almost ten years of working with Beyoncé as Music Director, Dixie received an Emmy nomination for Outstanding Music Direction for “HOMECOMING: A Film by Beyoncé.” Dixie worked with Beyoncé to create Black Parade, an anthemic song for her to sing about her heritage, hometown and African roots, reflecting on the Black Experience in America and release on Juneteenth. Songwriting, instrument, arrangement, vocal and production credits Film & documentary scoring Awards Dixie has five Grammy nominations and one Emmy nomination. Grammy Awards References External links 20th-century American male musicians 20th-century American musicians 21st-century American male musicians African-American record producers African-American songwriters American hip hop record producers Beyoncé Living people Year of birth missing (living people)", "title": "Derek Dixie" }, { "docid": "18812452", "text": "Friends is an American television sitcom created by David Crane and Marta Kauffman for NBC. Starring Jennifer Aniston as Rachel Green, Courteney Cox as Monica Geller, Lisa Kudrow as Phoebe Buffay, Matt LeBlanc as Joey Tribbiani, Matthew Perry as Chandler Bing, and David Schwimmer as Ross Geller, it premiered on September 22, 1994, as part of NBC's Must See TV lineup. Its finale aired on May 6, 2004, after ten seasons and 236 episodes. The show follows the characters' personal and professional lives in New York City; according to Crane and Kauffman's original pitch, the show \"is about friendship because when you're single and in the city, your friends are your family\". Friends became a massive success both during and after its run, and it has frequently been named one of the greatest television shows of all time. The series has been recognized with numerous accolades, including six Primetime Emmy Awards from sixty-two nominations. At the 54th Primetime Emmy Awards in 2002, Friends won the Emmy for Outstanding Comedy Series for its eighth season, which coincided with the year the show was the most-watched program in the United States; it received five additional nominations for Outstanding Comedy Series during its run. The main cast members all submitted themselves for supporting acting nominations at the Emmys until 2002, when they submitted themselves for lead acting. Kudrow won the award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series at the 50th Primetime Emmy Awards in 1998, while Aniston won for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series in 2002; LeBlanc, Perry, and Schwimmer also received Emmy nominations for their performances. Michael Lembeck won an Emmy for directing \"The One After the Superbowl\", and Bruce Willis and Christina Applegate won Emmys for their guest performances. Friends was also recognized by many guilds and critics' associations. It won two Screen Actors Guild Awards – one for its ensemble and one for Kudrow – from fourteen nominations. Additionally, it received nominations for a Directors Guild of America Award, two Producers Guild of America Awards, and two Writers Guild of America Awards. The show was nominated for ten Golden Globe Awards and nine Satellite Awards, winning one of each for Aniston's and Kudrow's performances, respectively. It was nominated for six Television Critics Association Awards before receiving the TCA Heritage Award in 2018. The show also saw large success from awards selected by the public, winning eleven People's Choice Awards and twelve Teen Choice Awards. Internationally, the series won a British Academy Television Award and three Logie Awards and earned nominations for two Banff Rockie Awards, a British Comedy Award, and eight National Television Awards. Awards and nominations Total nominations and awards for the cast Notes Nominees for awards Other References External links Friends Awards", "title": "List of awards and nominations received by Friends" }, { "docid": "3773618", "text": "Thomas Chandler Gailey Jr. (born January 5, 1952) is a former American football coach. Most recently in 2020, he was the offensive coordinator for the Miami Dolphins of the National Football League (NFL). Gailey has previously served as the head coach of the Dallas Cowboys, Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets, and Buffalo Bills from 1998 to 2012. In a coaching career spanning 46 years, Gailey began his NFL career as part of Dan Reeves' coaching staff on the Denver Broncos from 1985 to 1990, appearing in Super Bowls XXI, XXII, and XXIV with the Broncos. Gailey was on the Pittsburgh Steelers staff from 1994 to 1997 when the Steelers won four straight AFC Central titles and coached in one Super Bowl (XXX). He held his first professional head coach position in 1998, when he became the new head coach of the Dallas Cowboys, and led the Cowboys to playoff appearances in each of his 2 seasons in Dallas. Gailey served as offensive coordinator for the Miami Dolphins in 2000 and 2001, when the Dolphins posted consecutive 11–5 records, and was part of the 2000 Dolphins squad which was the last time the team had won a playoff game. Gailey served as the offensive coordinator for the Kansas City Chiefs in 2008 and three games of the 2009 preseason. In 2010, he was hired as the new head coach of the Buffalo Bills, where he coached until 2012. Three years after his firing from the Bills, he served as the offensive coordinator for the New York Jets from 2015 to 2016. In 2020, Gailey came out of retirement to again serve as the offensive coordinator for the Miami Dolphins, where he would last for only a season before resigning on January 6, 2021. Early life and education Gailey was born in Gainesville, Georgia, in 1952. He attended Americus High School in Americus, Georgia, where he earned Eagle Scout honors, and a letterman in high school football, basketball, baseball, and golf. In football, he was an all-state selection as quarterback. Gailey graduated from Americus High School in 1970. Gailey attended the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida, where he was a three-year letterman for coach Doug Dickey's Florida Gators football team as a quarterback from 1971 to 1973. Gailey graduated from Florida with a bachelor's degree in physical education in 1974. Coaching career Troy, Air Force, and back to Troy Gailey stayed with Florida as a graduate assistant for two years before taking his first actual coaching job as the secondary coach for the Troy Trojans of Troy University (then known as Troy State University) in Troy, Alabama. After two seasons there, he spent four seasons with the U.S. Air Force Academy, including two as defensive coordinator under head coach Ken Hatfield. In 1983, Gailey made his way back to Troy, taking over the head coaching duties at Troy University. In his first season as head coach, he led the Trojans to a 7-4 overall record. In his second season at the helm", "title": "Chan Gailey" }, { "docid": "17984144", "text": "Mike Waufle (born June 27, 1954) is a former American football coach who most recently served as the defensive line coach for the Buffalo Bills of the National Football League (NFL). Waufle served as defensive line coach for the Oakland Raiders from 1998 to 2003 and coached in Super Bowl XXXVII after the 2002 season. Waufle coached primarily single gap 4 man defensive lines in a 4–3 defense. He was the defensive line coach for the New York Giants from 2004 to 2009, and the defensive lines he coached were a strength of the team. He won Super Bowl XLII in 2007; in that game the defensive line's performance is generally credited with being a decisive factor. The defensive line of the Giants during the Superbowl sacked Tom Brady 5 times, leaving little time for Patriots receivers to get downfield before defensive linemen reached Brady. Holding the Patriots historically high scoring offense to 14 points the Giants defeated the previous undefeated New England Patriots. He returned to the Raiders in 2010 and 2011. From 2012 to 2016, he was the defensive line coach for the St. Louis / Los Angeles Rams under head coach Jeff Fisher. He coached the Buffalo Bills defensive line in 2017. Buffalo returned to the playoffs after 17 years. Waufle retired after the 2017 season. Early years Waufle served in the United States Marines from 1972 to 1975. He played defensive end for Bakersfield College in 1975 and 1976. Bakersfield College won the 1976 Junior Rose Bowl and was named Junior College National Champions. He transferred to Utah State, where he played for defensive line coach Rod Marinelli. Utah State won the PCAA Conference Championship in 1978. In 2009 he was awarded the Marine Corps “Lifetime Achievement Award” by Commandant General James T. Conway. References 1954 births Living people American football defensive linemen Alfred Saxons football coaches California Golden Bears football coaches Fresno State Bulldogs football coaches New York Giants coaches Oakland Raiders coaches Oregon State Beavers football coaches UCLA Bruins football coaches Utah State Aggies football coaches Utah State Aggies football players United States Marines People from Hornell, New York Players of American football from New York (state) St. Louis Rams coaches Bakersfield College alumni Buffalo Bills coaches", "title": "Mike Waufle" }, { "docid": "35759879", "text": "The 2012 McNeese State Cowboys football team represented McNeese State University as a member of the Southland Conference during the 2012 NCAA Division I FCS football season. Led by seventh-year head coach Matt Viator, the Cowboys compiled an overall record of 7–4 with a mark of 4–3 in conference play, tying for fourth place in the Southland. McNeese State played home games at Cowboy Stadium in Lake Charles, Louisiana. Schedule Game summaries Middle Tennessee Sources: After Texas A&M bought out the 2012 game scheduled against McNeese State, the Cowboys were able to find a replacement to open the season in the form of the Blue Raiders. It will be the first ever meeting between the two schools. McMurry The Cowboys look to get rid of a goose egg when they meet the D2 Independent War Hawks. McMurry and McNeese State have met twice before, in 1957 and 1958, with the War Hawks owning a 2–0 record against the Cowboys. Sources: Weber State The Cowboys and Wildcats meet for the third time in 2012 with the series even at 1–1, the last having taken place in 1990 with Weber prevailing 27–7. The Wildcats will head to Lake Charles in 2013 as part of this home-and-home series. Sources: Southeastern Louisiana SLC play begins with this match against the Lions. The Cowboys currently own a 22–15 record against the Lions. Sources: Northwestern State SLC play continues when the Demons and Cowboys meet with the Cowboys owning a 40–20–1 record against Northwestern State. Sources: Central Arkansas Central Arkansas heads to Cowboy Stadium in 2012. The Cowboys are 3–3 against the Bears. Sources: Sam Houston State The defending conference champions appear near the end of November. The Cowboys own a 24–8–1 record against Sam Houston State, but the Bearkats have won the recent games. Sources: Stephen F. Austin An attempt to pull further away from the Lumberjacks takes place in this 2012 contest. The Cowboys own a 16–13–2 record against the Lumberjacks. Sources: Nicholls State The Cowboys open November with the Colonels. It's the 37th meeting with the Cowboys owning a 25–11 advantage in the series. Sources: UTSA The Roadrunners stand as the final non-conference team until playoff time comes for the Cowboys in 2012. It's the second meeting between the 2 with McNeese having won the 2011 match. Sources: Lamar The 31st meeting between the Cardinals and Cowboys closes the 2012 SLC season. The Cowboys own a 21–8–1 record against the Cardinals. Sources: Ranking movements Media All McNeese State games will be broadcast on Gator 99.5 FM. KVHP 30.2 is the local affiliate for SLC TV and will air McNeese State games on SLC TV. References McNeese State McNeese Cowboys football seasons McNeese State Cowboys football", "title": "2012 McNeese State Cowboys football team" }, { "docid": "32005803", "text": "The 1996 Purefoods Tender Juicy Hotdogs season was the 9th season of the franchise in the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA). The team was known as Purefoods Corned Beef Cowboys starting the Governor's Cup. Draft picks Finals stint After missing out the All-Filipino finals for the first time last season, the Tender Juicy Hotdogs welcome back guard Dindo Pumaren on its fold and signed two promising rookies. Purefoods finish third in the eliminations behind Alaska and Formula Shell with eight wins and six losses. In the semifinal round, Purefoods racked up six straight victories to nailed the first finals seat, leaving Alaska and Ginebra, which earn a playoff by winning five games in the semifinals, to dispute the other slot. The Milkmen won over Ginebra in their playoff game. In the All-Filipino Cup finals, Purefoods lost to Alaska Milkmen via a 4-1 count. It was the first time the Hotdogs lost in the best-of-seven title series in just five games. The Hotdogs had a chance to force a sixth game when they led by one point, 92-91, with 10.3 seconds to go in the extension period of Game five, but Bong Ravena committed a foul on Alaska's Jeffrey Cariaso with six-tenths of a second remaining, sending him to the free throw line where Cariaso sank the two decisive free throws for the win. Notable dates February 27: The Hotdogs repulsed a rallying Ginebra, 100-92, for their first win in three games in the All-Filipino Cup in a match that saw tempers flaring between the fans of both teams. April 30: In a slambang affair with both teams on a semifinal winning streaks with a three-game winning roll, Purefoods prevailed over Ginebra, 93-85, before an overflow crowd to complete a sweep in the first round of the All-Filipino Cup semifinals. June 16: Ronnie Thompkins, the temperamental former Swift import now playing for Purefoods, displayed the same fearsome form that gave him a Best Import award three years ago, leading the Hotdogs' early attack as they overpowered a disoriented San Miguel Beermen, 108-87. Thompkins finished with 34 points as he outplayed San Miguel counterpart Agee Ward. July 21: Purefoods poured its full might in the fourth quarter to eke out a convincing 88-78 victory over San Miguel Beermen and earn a playoff ticket for the fifth and last semifinal slot in the Commissioners Cup. The Hotdogs close out their elimination assignments at five wins and five losses while the Beermen were eliminated with a 4-6 won-loss record and joined Mobiline at the sidelines. Occurrences Ronnie Thompkins was tested positive on drug used and saw action for the last time in Purefoods' 84-101 loss to Sta.Lucia in their first game in the semifinals on August 4. Thompkins' replacement was Derrick Gervin, a younger brother of NBA's prolific scorer George Gervin, he led the Hotdogs to just a lone win in the semifinals and later on was also found positive on drug test conducted by the PBA. Six-year NBA veteran Dennis Hopson, who spent some", "title": "1996 Purefoods Corned Beef Cowboys season" }, { "docid": "23389304", "text": "The Kansas City Cowboys were a professional baseball team based in Kansas City, Missouri, for two seasons in to in the American Association. They were the third, and last iteration of this franchise name, following the Kansas City Cowboys of the Union Association in and the Kansas City Cowboys of the National League in . The franchise used Association Park as their home field in 1888, then moved to Exposition Park for the last game that season, and all of 1889. The team began the 1888 season on April 18 with part-time outfielder Dave Rowe as their player-manager. They lost their first game, 10–3, to Tony Mullane and the Cincinnati Reds, but won the next day. They compiled a win–loss record of 43–89 in their initial season, finishing last out of the league's eight teams, and went through two managerial changes. The season had a few bright moments: on June 6, Henry Porter threw a no-hitter, and on June 13, Sam Barkley hit for the cycle. The franchise's only future Hall of Fame player, \"Slidin'\" Billy Hamilton, began his career as a part-time outfielder in 1888, and was their starting right fielder in 1889. Bill Watkins, who had finished the 1888 season as the team's manager, stayed in that role for the full 1889 season, and guided them to an improved win–loss record of 55–82, with two ties, finishing seventh among the league's eight teams. See also 1888 Kansas City Cowboys season 1889 Kansas City Cowboys season Kansas City Cowboys (AA) all-time roster References External links 1888-9 Cowboys at Baseball Reference American Association (1882–1891) baseball teams 1888 establishments in Missouri 1889 disestablishments in Missouri Baseball teams established in 1888 Baseball teams disestablished in 1889 Defunct baseball teams in Missouri Cowboys (American Association)", "title": "Kansas City Cowboys (American Association)" }, { "docid": "16891728", "text": "The 1996 North Queensland Cowboys season was the 2nd in the club's history. Coached by Graham Lowe and captained by Adrian Vowles, they competed in the Optus Cup. Season summary After finishing their debut season in last place, there was nowhere to go but up for the Cowboys in 1996. Under new head coach, former New Zealand, Queensland, Manly and Wigan boss Graham Lowe, the club recruited fairly strongly bringing in first grade regulars Jason Death (from Canberra) and Andrew Dunemann (from Gold Coast), former All Black Shane Howarth and New Zealand representatives Se'e Solomona and Whetu Taewa. Dunemann's signing would see him reunite with his brother Ian, the pair becoming the first siblings to play for the club. Due to the ongoing Super League war, the clubs affiliated with the breakaway competition refused to participate in their Round 1 games, with the Cowboys' opening fixture, against fellow Super League-aligned club the Canterbury Bulldogs, cancelled. After losing their first game of the year against the Sydney City Roosters, the Cowboys picked up their first win of the season a week later against the Sydney Tigers. Seven straight losses followed until a Round 11 victory over the Newcastle Knights was followed by a win over the Cronulla Sharks, the club's first ever back-to-back wins. After four straight losses, the Cowboys ended the season in their strongest form to date, with three wins from their final six games. That included a win over the St George Dragons at Kogarah Oval in Round 21, the club's first win in Sydney. The club would end their second season in 17th place, with six wins from 21 games, tripling their win total from the year before. Steve Edmed, a long time Balmain Tiger who joined the Cowboys for the 1996 season, was named Player of the Year after playing in all 21 games in his lone season with the club. The club made headlines during the season when Moranbah junior Josh Hannay was named to make his first grade debut at just 16-years old. The selection was later vetoed by the Australian Rugby League as Hannay was not 16 when the year began. Had he played, he would have been the second youngest player to make his senior debut in Australian rugby league history. Hannay would make his debut two years later and go onto play 150 games for the club over nine seasons. Milestones Round 2: Jason Death, Steve Edmed, Martin Locke, Whetu Taewa and Kris Tassell made their debuts for the club. Round 2: Shane Howarth made his first grade debut. Round 3: Willie Poching made his debut for the club. Round 3: Scott Brown made his debut for the club. Round 6: Se'e Solomona made his debut for the club. Round 7: Andrew Dunemann made his debut for the club. Round 9: Andrew Bulmer made his first grade debut. Round 11: Michael Coorey made his first grade debut. Round 12: The club won back-to-back games for the first time. Round 13: John", "title": "1996 North Queensland Cowboys season" }, { "docid": "8952524", "text": "Recency bias is a cognitive bias that favors recent events over historic ones; a memory bias. Recency bias gives \"greater importance to the most recent event\", such as the final lawyer's closing argument a jury hears before being dismissed to deliberate. Recency bias should not be confused with anchoring or confirmation bias. Recency bias is related to the serial-position effect known as the recency effect. It is not to be confused with recency illusion, the belief or impression that a word or language usage is of recent origin when in reality it is long-established. Occurrences It commonly appears in employee evaluations, as a distortion in favor of recently completed activities or recollections, and can be reinforced or offset by the Halo effect. In psychology, primacy bias (excessive focus on earliest events or facts) and recency bias (excessive focus on the most recent events or facts) are often considered together as primacy and recency bias. Recency bias can skew investors into not accurately evaluating economic cycles, causing them to continue to remain invested in a bull market even when they should grow cautious of its potential continuation, and refrain from buying assets in a bear market because they remain pessimistic about its prospects of recovery. When it comes to investing, recency bias often manifests in terms of direction or momentum. It convinces us that a rising market or individual stock will continue to appreciate, or that a declining market or stock is likely to keep falling. This bias often leads us to make emotionally charged choices—decisions that could erode our earning potential by tempting us to hold a stock for too long or pull out too soon. Lists of superlatives such as \"Top 10 Superbowls\", Greatest of All Time (G.O.A.T.), and sports awards (such as MVP trophies, Rookie of the Year, etc.) all are prone to distortion due to recency bias. Sports betting is also impacted by recency bias. Since at least 2008, reporters have frequently used the term \"the pimp spot\" to refer to the last slot in competitions such as American Idol, X-Factor, So You Think You Can Dance, American Song Contest, The Voice, and Dancing with the Stars and sometimes in conjunction with benefits of starting last. See also Anchoring Free recall Henry Molaison Law of primacy in persuasion Learning curve List of memory biases List of cognitive biases Nostalgia Outcome primacy Principles of learning Peak–end rule Reminiscence bump References Further reading Liebermann, David A. Learning and memory: An integrative approach. Belmont, CA: Thomson/Wadsworth, 2004, . Learning Cognitive biases Memory biases Psychological concepts Psychological effects", "title": "Recency bias" }, { "docid": "70581822", "text": "Medicine Woman #302 (born 2003) was an American rodeo bucking horse that specialized in saddle bronc riding. She competed in the Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association (PRCA) and was a four-time PRCA Saddle Bronc Horse of the Year. She won the award in 2011, 2014, 2015, and 2016. She also was the Saddle Bronc Horse of the National Finals Rodeo (NFR) in 2010 and 2015. In 2022, she was posthumously inducted into the ProRodeo Hall of Fame. Background Medicine Woman was born in 2003 and raised on a ranch at Freedom, Oklahoma. She was sired by Big Medicine and out of Showtime. She was owned by Jerry Nelson of Frontier Rodeo. Career Medicine Woman qualified for the NFR 12 times. She made her first trip to the NFR in 2009 in bareback riding. In 2010, they switched her to saddle bronc riding; she remained there for the rest of her bucking career. Medicine Woman helped many cowboys earn 90+ point rides. She assisted Wade Sundell in becoming a $1 million winner in the American Rodeo in Arlington, Texas, with a 90.75 ride. She and many cowboys made over 90 qualified rides that helped the cowboys win at rodeos all over the United States. If you could manage an 8-second ride on her, you usually got a check. She helped Wade Sundell win his world championship in 2018. He rode her for a score of 92 points. At the NFR that year, Sundell drew her again. She helped him get the first round-win of his gold buckle season in the 10th round. CoBurn Bradshaw drew her, and she took him to a 92-point ride. Few horses have helped riders win two rounds where those rides assisted them to win the average and the gold buckle. In 2019, Sundell rode her again at the San Antonio Stock Show for a 92-point ride. In the summer, she bucked him off at the Dodge City Roundup in Dodge City, Kansas. In 2020, Medicine Woman headed to the NFR at Globe Life Field in Arlington, Texas, where she was officially retired. The event was held there instead of its usual home at the Thomas & Mack Center in Las Vegas because of the COVID-19 pandemic and Nevada state restrictions on large events. “She’s just a big old gentle bronc that just hangs out in the back end and when the gate opens she does give it 100 percent every time,” said Audy Reed. Reed rode Medicine Woman for 87.5 points on March 17 at the Southeastern Livestock Exposition in Montgomery, Alabama. Two other rides of Frontier mounts also posted the same number of points. \"She’s there to win. So if you’ve got her drawn you better be there to win, too.\" \"If they ride her they usually win first place on her,” Stewart said.\"... The majority of the time when they do ride her there’s a bunch of points and they win first on her.\" Rusty Wright rode Medicine Woman for 91 points at last year's", "title": "Medicine Woman (horse)" }, { "docid": "6204437", "text": "Larry Mahan (; November 21, 1943 – May 7, 2023) was an American professional rodeo cowboy. He won six all-around world championships and two bull riding world championships in the Rodeo Cowboys Association circuit at the National Finals Rodeo. Mahan was the subject of the documentary The Great American Cowboy, which won the 1974 Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature Film. The ProRodeo Hall of Fame inducted him in 1979 in the all-around category. It also inducted him as a Legend of ProRodeo in 2010. Rodeo career Larry Mahan was born on November 21, 1943, in Salem, Oregon. He began competing in professional rodeo at the age of 14. He competed in the Rodeo Cowboys Association (RCA) beginning in 1963. Said organization would later be renamed the Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association (PRCA) in 1975. He won the title of World All-Around Champion for five consecutive years from 1966 to 1970, and a sixth time in 1973. His 1973 comeback and competition with Phil Lyne was the subject of the documentary The Great American Cowboy, which won the 1974 Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature Film. In the RCA, he competed and regularly won in saddle bronc riding, bareback riding, and bull riding; he was the first to contest three National Final Rodeo events in one year. He was the high money winner in bull riding in 1965, and in 1967 won more than $50,000, the first to achieve that level in a single season. In the 1970 season he earned more than $280,000. He had a tough decade in the 1970s, winning an all-around title in 1973 but with injuries sidelining him some of the time. Mahan earned six all-around titles, but the last one was not consecutive. His consecutive all-around record of five titles was not surpassed until 1979 when Tom Ferguson won his sixth consecutive title. In 1994, Ty Murray broke Mahan's and Ferguson's record of six titles and tied Ferguson's record of having won six titles consecutively. In 1998, Murray won his seventh title, surpassing both of them and holding the record for all-around titles at seven titles. That's when they started calling Murray \"King of the Cowboys.\" In 2010, Trevor Brazile won his eighth all-around title, surpassing them all. In 2018, Brazile won his 14th all-around title. Mahan was also the World Bull Riding Champion in 1965 and 1967. Outside rodeo Mahan entered the rodeo school market by running a few schools himself. He even had his own brand of Western clothing. After he retired from rodeo in 1977, he bought a ranch near Phoenix, Arizona. Western wear entrepreneur Mahan established the Larry Mahan Boot Collection, as well as a clothing line. He also licensed his name to various entities, including Tony Lama, Gensco, and others. Larry Mahan's Hat Collection has been available from the Milano Hat Company since 1984. Musician Larry Mahan is one of the title characters in the song Ramblin' Jack and Mahan by Guy Clark. In 1976, he released an album on", "title": "Larry Mahan" }, { "docid": "76449556", "text": "Danielle SeeWalker is a self described \"artivist,\" combining art and activism. She is a Húŋkpapȟa Lakȟóta citizen from the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe. She is a multimedia artist, and experiments with materials to combine traditional and modern techniques. Her work has been seen at the 2024 Superbowl, on Disney+, and at the Denver Broncos Stadium. Biography Danielle SeeWalker was born in Bismarck, North Dakota and is a Húŋkpapȟa Lakȟóta, part of the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe. She was raised on the reservation by parents who suffered from alcoholism. SeeWalker attended high school in Philadelphia. She then attended college, while working 3 jobs and becoming a mother. Outside of her art and activism, SeeWalker is an Account Executive for Michelin tire company. Expanded description SeeWalker earned a Master's degree in Counseling Psychology. Her childhood influenced her desire to break the cycles of poverty and mental health issues in Indigenous youth. She was a co-chair of the Denver American Indian Commission from 2020 to 2022, which worked on legislative matters related to Indigenous people in Colorado. She worked with Colorado Senator Jessie Danielson on the Prohibit American Indian Mascots bill in 2021, and the commission created the Office of Liaison for Missing and Murdered Indigneous Relatives in 2022. She published a book, \"Still Here: A Past to Present Insight of Native American People and Culture.\" She co-founded the Red Road Project in 2013, which is a nonprofit organization to support cultural arts for Native American people in urban areas. Art SeeWalker is self-taught and began sharing her work in 2020. Her work includes murals, beadwork, and experimental combinations of traditional and modern art techniques. In 2022, she had a show called \"škhé: it is said\" at the Littleton Museum. In 2024, SeeWalker curated an exhibition at History Colorado called \"But We Have Something To Say,\" which opened in February 2024 and runs through September 15, 2024. She won an Emmy for her illustrations for a PBS documentary, A New Chapter. SeeWalker gained national recognition with two major commissions, from Paramount and Disney. Paramount commissioned a mural for the 2024 Superbowl. Marvel Studios commissioned SeeWalker to create art for the Disney+ series \"Echo,\" which focuses on a Choctaw superhero called Maya Lopez. SeeWalker has been part of the Denver Broncos Stadium Artist Series, and her mural can be seen inside the Mile High Stadium. Personal life SeeWalker has 2 sons, Locklan and Brody. Recognition 2023, Emmy award, PBS documentary \"A New Chapter.\" 2022, Denver Mayor's Awards for Excellence in Arts and Culture, Arts and Culture Innovation Award References People from North Dakota Lakota activists Lakota artists Muralists Living people Year of birth missing (living people)", "title": "Danielle SeeWalker" }, { "docid": "11490017", "text": "Thomas Guinne Goode (December 1, 1938 – October 8, 2015) was an American football offensive lineman, coach, and administrator from West Point, Mississippi. He is probably best remembered as the long snapper on Jim O'Brien's game winning field goal in Super Bowl V that gave the Baltimore Colts a 16–13 victory over the Dallas Cowboys Early life Goode was born in West Point, Mississippi and attended West Point High School. During his time in high school he played football, basketball and ran track. College He played his college football at Mississippi State, where he played both center and linebacker. He was a three-time All-SEC selection from 1958 to 1960 and the school's first Kodak All-American in 1960. He played in The Blue-Gray Game in 1960, the Senior Bowl in 1961, and the All-American game in 1961. In addition to his athletic achievements he was also selected as Mr. Mississippi State, and named to Who's Who in American Colleges and Universities in 1961. Following his college career he was drafted by both the Houston Oilers of the American Football League and the Detroit Lions of the National Football League. Professional career He spent four seasons with the Houston Oilers (19621965) before moving on to play for the Miami Dolphins for four seasons (1966–1969). Goode was named the Dolphins' Most Valuable Player in 1967, the team's Most Outstanding Offensive Lineman in 1966 and 1969 and was named to the Pro Bowl in 1969. He played his final season with the Baltimore Colts in 1970 where he was the long snapper for Jim O'Brien's game-winning field goal in Super Bowl V, making him the first player from Mississippi State to win a Super Bowl. Coaching career Following his retirement from the NFL, Goode went on to serve as a coach at the college and professional levels. He began his coaching career at Mississippi State as the offensive line coach from 1972 to 1975. He then went on to be the offensive coordinator for the Calgary Stampeders of the Canadian Football League in 1976, and he served in the same capacity at Vanderbilt in 1977 before serving as the assistant head coach at Ole Miss from 1978 until 1982. In 1983, he became the offensive line coach at Alabama in before returning to MSU, as the offensive line coach for a second time from 1984 to 1989. He then did a second stint as the offensive line coach at Vanderbilt from 1990 through 1991 before becoming the head coach and athletic director at East Mississippi Community College, where he served from 1991 until retiring in 2003. Personal life Goode was married for over 19 years to the former Sonia Buffington Foster of Canton, Mississippi, and they were parents of three boys, Tommy, Michael, and Brin Foster, and two girls, Lessie (Goode) Belk and Sandi (Foster) May. They also had seven grandchildren and three great-grandchildren. His biography entitled Guts, God, and the Superbowl was published by Zondervan Publishing House in 1974 and written by Zola", "title": "Tom Goode (American football)" }, { "docid": "62063361", "text": "Sherry Combs Johnson (August 16, 1938 – August 2, 2023) was an American ProRodeo Hall of Fame barrel racer. In 1962, she won the World Barrel Racing Championship at the National Finals Rodeo (NFR) in Fort Worth, Texas. Life Sherry Combs Johnson was born Sherry Price on August 16, 1938, in Duncan, Oklahoma. Combs and her ProRodeo Hall of Fame sister, Florence Youree, grew up on their father's ranch near Addington, Oklahoma. The sisters were the only children of rancher John Henry Price. Youree always said they worked on his ranch \"as his boys\". They had his love of horses and rodeo. Youree met Dale Youree as a teenager. Dale was a tie-down roper competing on the college circuit and the Rodeo Cowboy Association (later the Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association). They got married in 1950. The Yourees and Combs took off to rodeo full-time. Combs Johnson died from complications of COPD on August 2, 2023, two weeks before her 85th birthday. Career Combs Johnson was a five-time ARJA barrel racing champion. She was also a two-time ARJA all-around champion. When the first NFR was held in Dallas, Texas, Combs was one of the flag carriers in the opening ceremony. In 1980, Combs Johnson competed in her first West of the Pecos Rodeo. She split the win with Shanna Bush, but a coin toss gave the victory to Bush. In 1996, she competed in that rodeo for the last time, winning the title and buckle cleanly. At that time the Johnsons considered the rodeo a hometown one as they ranched nearby in Sydney. Combs Johnson is considered an innovator in her work writing rulebooks. She also served as an officer in many organizations, including the AQRJA and the WPRA. In 1991, she ran the barrels one last time at the NFR in Las Vegas, Nevada. In 1962, Combs Johnson secured the World Champion honors for barrel racing, with the help of her horse, \"Red.\" She also was a 12 time NFR qualifier from 1959 to 1991. Only Charmayne James holds more qualifications. Combs Johnson was a five-time junior barrel racing champion. Combs Johnson's horse Star Plaudit, nicknamed \"Red\", was inducted into the ProRodeo Hall of Fame in 2017. In 1962, Red won two world championships and assisted in winning a third. One was in barrel racing and the other two were in steer wrestling. No other horse has accomplished this. Honors 2023 ProRodeo Hall of Fame 2015 Texas Rodeo Cowboy Hall of Fame 2005 Rodeo Hall of Fame of the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum 1997 WPPR's Coca-Cola Woman of the Year 1997 WPRA's Woman of the Year in 1997 References Bibliography External links Sherry Johnson Interview for the Rodeo Historical Society Oral History Project Women's Professional Rodeo Association Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association National Finals Rodeo 1938 births 2023 deaths 21st-century American women American barrel racers American female equestrians People from Duncan, Oklahoma Deaths from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 20th-century American women 20th-century American people 21st-century American people", "title": "Sherry Combs Johnson" }, { "docid": "11283348", "text": "The Dallas Cowboys season was the franchise's 29th season in the National Football League. The team failed to improve on their 7–8 record from 1987, finishing at 3–13 and missing the playoffs for a third consecutive season. The 3–13 record in the 1988 season was the Cowboys' second worst season to that point in team history, surpassed only by its winless inaugural season in 1960. The 1988 season was the final year for head coach Tom Landry, general manager Tex Schramm, and owner Bum Bright. It also featured the rookie season debut of Michael Irvin, one of the franchise's most accomplished players and a Pro Football Hall of Fame inductee. Offseason NFL Draft Undrafted free agents Summary The 1988 season was the last of the Tom Landry era. After the 1988 season, the team would undergo drastic changes including a new head coach, and change of ownership from Bum Bright to current owner Jerry Jones. Notable additions to the team in 1988 included wide receiver Michael Irvin and linebacker Ken Norton Jr. Defensive tackle Chad Hennings was also drafted in 1988 but, due to his obligations to the U.S. Air Force, he would not join the team until 1992. The 1988 season was the first time since 1976 that future hall-of-fame running back Tony Dorsett was not on the Dallas roster. Dorsett had been relegated to a backup role to Herschel Walker for most of 1987 and was traded to the Denver Broncos during the offseason. The 1988 season faced hardship from the release of the schedule. In 1987, Dallas had finished at 7–8, in a 3-way tie for second place in the NFC East and tiebreaking rules gave Dallas the “second place position”, even though Dallas finished fifth (last) in the NFC East in 1987 in “union games” (i.e. a strong replacement team had inflated the Boys’ ‘87 record). As a result, their 1988 schedule was primarily against teams that were strong in (and also in 1988). Steve Pelluer had won the starting quarterback job from veteran Danny White late in the 1987 season and won the job in training camp for 1988. Early in the season, White appeared briefly in relief roles before suffering a season-ending injury in week 7, which elevated Kevin Sweeney to the backup position. Sweeney briefly took over the starting job for Pelluer in weeks 11 and 12, but the results were poor and Pelluer regained the job. In the season opener, Dallas lost to Pittsburgh, 24–21. The Cowboys had the ball inside the Pittsburgh 10 in the game's closing seconds in position to tie or win the game, but Pelluer was intercepted. After a close win over Phoenix in week two, Dallas lost to the New York Giants, 12–10 (the margin of defeat being a strange safety on the opening kickoff). A last-second goal line stand brought victory over Atlanta in week four but the following week, the Cowboys lost to New Orleans on a last-second Morten Andersen field goal. Two convincing losses", "title": "1988 Dallas Cowboys season" }, { "docid": "48359369", "text": "Simphiwe Khonco is a South African professional boxer. He held the IBO mini-flyweight title from 2016 to 2019 and challenged for the WBA mini-flyweight title in 2015 and the WBC mini-flyweight title in 2019. Boxing career IBO mini-flyweight champion Khonco was scheduled to fight Siyabonga Siyo for the vacant IBO mini-flyweight title on June 11, 2016 at the Emperors Palace in Kempton Park, Gauteng. The fight was a hometown bout for both competitors, as they both hailed from the Eastern Cape province of South African Republic. Khonco won the fight by unanimous decision, with two of the judges scoring the fight 118-110 in his favor, while the third judge scored the fight 116-112 for him. Khonco made his first title defense against Nkosinathi Joyi on November 20, 2016. It was the first time that a world title fight was held in Mthatha, South Africa. Khonco won the fight by unanimous decision, with scores of 119-111, 119-111 and 118-112. Khonco was scheduled to make his second IBO title defense against Lito Dante on June 10, 2017 at the Emperors Palace in Kempton Park, Gauteng. He won the fight by unanimous decision, with scores of 119-109, 119-109 and 118-110. Khonco was scheduled to make his third title defense against Joey Canoy on December 2, 2018. The fight ended abruptly in the fourth round, after an accidental clash of heads left Khonco unable to continue. The fight was accordingly declared a no contest. Khonco subsequently refused a rematch, stating “We took this fight on our own but now we are moving foward [sic]\". Later mini-flyweight career Khonco was scheduled to challenge the reigning WBC mini-flyweight title champion Wanheng Menayothin on October 25, 2019. Wanheng won the fight by unanimous decision, with scores of 118-109, 116-110, and 117-109. Khonco faced Ariston Aton (9–3) on April 9, 2022, at the Superbowl in Sun City, on the undercard of the Athenkosi Dumezweni and Landi Ngxeke South African super flyweight title bout. He won the fight by unanimous decision, with scores of 100–90, 96–92 and 97–93. Professional boxing record References External links Living people Mini-flyweight boxers South African male boxers People from Mthatha Boxers from the Eastern Cape 1984 births", "title": "Simphiwe Khonco" }, { "docid": "10953040", "text": "Johnny du Plooy (27 September 1964 – 12 April 2013) was a former South African heavyweight boxer best known for his win over former WBA World Heavyweight champion Mike Weaver. He challenged once for the WBO World Heavyweight title in 1989. Boxing career Amateur career du Plooy had a very impressive amateur record of 196-4. Professional career The tall 6'3 South African boxer began his career in 1985 with 17 straight wins. He then lost to ex-champ Mike Weaver by 7th round KO. He later avenged this defeat by knocking out Mike Weaver in two rounds and in 1989 challenged Francesco Damiani for the vacant WBO heavyweight title. Du Plooy was knocked out in the third round in the World Boxing Organization's inaugural heavyweight world title bout. After this, he fought 15 more fights, compiling an overall record of 27 wins, 5 losses, and 1 draw. All of du Plooy's losses were stoppages to known opponents such as Renaldo Snipes, Francesco Damiani, Pierre Coetzer, and Corrie Sanders. Du Plooy retired in 1993 after a win, and scored another comeback win in 1997 but promptly retired. Death Du Plooy became overweight after his retirement. He suffered from heart problems in the few years leading up to his death. Several months before his death, he had a heart attack. Professional boxing record \|- \| style=\"text-align:center;\" colspan=\"8\"\|27 Wins (22 knockouts, 5 decisions), 5 Losses (5 knockouts, 0 decisions), 1 Draw \|- style=\"text-align:center; background:#e3e3e3;\" \| style=\"border-style:none none solid solid; \"\|Result \| style=\"border-style:none none solid solid; \"\|Record \| style=\"border-style:none none solid solid; \"\|Opponent \| style=\"border-style:none none solid solid; \"\|Type \| style=\"border-style:none none solid solid; \"\|Round \| style=\"border-style:none none solid solid; \"\|Date \| style=\"border-style:none none solid solid; \"\|Location \| style=\"border-style:none none solid solid; \"\|Notes \|- align=center \|Win \| \|align=left\|Benjamin Manyube \|TKO \|2 \|15 June 1997 \|align=left\| DLI Hall, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Samson Mahlangu \|TKO \|6 \|26 June 1993 \|align=left\| Superbowl, Sun City, Bophuthatswana \|align=left\| \|- \|Loss \| \|align=left\| Corrie Sanders \|KO \|1 \|27 July 1991 \|align=left\| Superbowl, Sun City, Bophuthatswana \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Philipp Brown \|UD \|8 \|16 March 1991 \|align=left\| Palazzo Dello Sport, Saint-Vincent, Aosta Valley, Italy \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Tim Tomashek \|TKO \|5 \|8 November 1990 \|align=left\| Biloxi, Mississippi, United States \|align=left\| \|- \|Loss \| \|align=left\| Pierre Coetzer \|TKO \|2 \|4 August 1990 \|align=left\| Superbowl, Sun City, Bophuthatswana \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Lee Roy Murphy \|PTS \|10 \|9 June 1990 \|align=left\| Superbowl, Sun City, Bophuthatswana \|align=left\| \|- \|Loss \| \|align=left\| Francesco Damiani \|KO \|3 \|6 May 1989 \|align=left\| Syracuse, Sicily, Italy \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Mike Rouse \|PTS \|10 \|25 February 1989 \|align=left\| Superbowl, Sun City, Bophuthatswana \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Everett Martin \|KO \|7 \|18 December 1988 \|align=left\| Orlando, Florida, United States \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| James Pritchard \|TKO \|10 \|22 October 1988 \|align=left\| Superbowl, Sun City, Bophuthatswana \|align=left\| \|- \|Loss \| \|align=left\| Renaldo Snipes \|TKO \|7 \|12 August 1988 \|align=left\| Eagles Club, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States \|align=left\| \|-", "title": "Johnny du Plooy" }, { "docid": "57139060", "text": "Ty Erickson (born August 11, 1990) is an American professional rodeo cowboy who specializes in steer wrestling. He competes in the Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association (PRCA) circuit. He is the 2011 PRCA Steer Wrestling Rookie of the Year and is the PRCA 2019 Steer Wrestling World Champion. Early life Ty Erickson was born on August 11, 1990, in Helena, Montana. His father, Sid, is a veterinarian and equine chiropractor, who has competed in team roping, and his mother, Janet Bignell Erickson, is a health enhancement coordinator and gym teacher. She is also a barrel racing trainer and competitor, and a former Miss College Rodeo. It was not until Erickson was a junior in Capital High School that he started competing in steer wrestling. In 2008 and 2009, he was the all-around champion in the National High School Rodeo Association (NHSRA). In 2010, in college, he was the National Intercollegiate Rodeo Association (NIRA) Big Sky Region steer wrestling champion. He also did some team roping in college with his cousin. At Montana State University (MSU) in Bozeman, he studied business marketing. Erickson qualified for the College National Finals Rodeo (CNFR) all four years he attended MSU. Career Erickson began his professional steer-wrestling career when he joined the PRCA in 2011. Since then he has competed on the rodeo circuit every year. He qualified for the championship event, the National Finals Rodeo (NFR), six times: from 2014 to 2019. He also qualified for the National Circuit Finals Rodeo (NCFR) three times, in 2011, 2012, and 2016. He has won over $1 million in earnings in his professional career. Season 2010 In 2010, Erickson won several regional rodeos on the Montana Circuit. He won the Wild Horse Stampede in Wolf Point, Montana; and the Energy Town Pro Rodeo in Gillette, Wyoming. He also won the 50th Belt Rodeo in Belt, Montana; the Mission Mountain PRCA Rodeo in Polson, Montana; and the Drummond, Montana, PRCA Rodeo. He was co-champion at the Last Chance Stampede in Helena, Montana. He finished first in the Montana Circuit year-end standings. Some rodeos he won while competing on his permit, and he earned $10,740. Season 2011 In 2011, Erickson won several more regional rodeos in Montana, including the PRCA Kootenai River Rodeo in Libby and the Northeast Montana Fair and Rodeo in Glasgow. He reached the National Circuit Finals Rodeo and was the event leader earning $14,054 (this amount did not count in his official earnings). He finished 49th in the world standings, but finished first in the rookie standings, earning $22,007. Erickson was still attending college when he was at the NFR to receive the PRCA Rookie of the Year award for steer wrestling. In fact, he was missing some classwork due to being in Las Vegas, Nevada. Only 11 cowboys from Montana had received the award since its inception, and Erickson was the second steer wrestler to earn it since the PRCA began splitting the award by event in 1977. \"When the year first started, I didn't", "title": "Ty Erickson" }, { "docid": "9158620", "text": "David Francis Manders (born February 20, 1941) is an American former professional football player who was a center in the National Football League (NFL) from 1964 through 1974. He played college football for the Michigan State Spartans. He graduated from Kingsford High School and played in two Super Bowls with the Dallas Cowboys, winning one. Early years Dave Manders played football at Kingsford High School, where he was named all-state and lineman of the year as a senior. He also set an Upper Peninsula of Michigan shot put record. His number 51 is only one of three numbers retired by the school, along with Dick Berlinski, who also played football at Michigan State, and Tim Kearney. In 1980, he was inducted into the Upper Peninsula Sports Hall of Fame. College career Manders went on to play at Michigan State University in 1959, where he was a two-way player, playing center on offense and linebacker on defense. During his college career, he was among the team leaders in tackles, even though he experienced leg injuries in his last two years. As a sophomore, he was a third-team All-Big Ten selection and became an All-American honorable mention after his senior year. Professional career Manders was signed by the Dallas Cowboys as a rookie undrafted free agent in 1962 to play linebacker, but quit the team during rookie camp after just three days. After spending 1963 playing semi-pro football in the United Football League for the Toledo Tornadoes, Manders called the Cowboys front office and asked for another chance, he signed in December 1963 and made the team the next year as a center. Nicknamed \"Dog\" by his teammates, he was quick, strong and had huge legs. He was always considered to be one of the hardest-working players on the team. In 1965 his second season in the NFL, he became the Cowboys starting center replacing Mike Connelly. In 1966 he became the first franchise offensive lineman named to the Pro Bowl. In 1967 during pre-season, he suffered a career-threatening right knee injury and missed the entire season, upon his return he served as a backup to Mike Connelly and Malcolm Walker, until he returned to form and took his job back in 1970. He was a starter in the Cowboys first Super Bowl–Super Bowl V, held in Miami on January 17 1971 against the Baltimore Colts. He was also involved in one of the game's controversial plays, when the Cowboys Duane Thomas fumbled the ball on the Colts two-yard line, and although Manders recovered the ball, the officials still awarded it to the Colts, who won their first Super Bowl as Jim O'Brien kicked a 32-yard field goal with time running out for a 16-13 victory. He was the starter in the Cowboys first championship team in franchise history, that won Super Bowl VI in 1972. In 1973, he retired due to a contract dispute, but by the month of September, he was back working out with the team. He played in", "title": "Dave Manders" }, { "docid": "21017585", "text": "Rhinestone Cowboy is an Irish bred racehorse. He was trained in England by Jonjo O'Neill. In a career which lasted from 2002 until 2007 he ran seventeen times and won ten races including two Grade I hurdle races. Debut He made his racecourse debut in February 2002, winning a National Hunt Flat race at Ascot. His trainer them immediately stepped him up to the top level, where he contested the Champion Bumper at the Cheltenham Festival. Sent off the 5/2 favourite for the race, he finished second, when he was carried left in the closing stages of the race by the eventual winner, Pizarro. 2002/2003 season He made his 2002/03 seasonal debut when winning a Listed Class Bumper at Cheltenham in November. He was then sent hurdling, where he went to complete a four - timer over the obstacles, which culminated in a victory in the Kingwell Hurdle as a novice. The reigning Champion Hurdle winner, Hors La Loi was back in third place. In his next start, the novice was sent off the 5/2 favourite for the Champion Hurdle at Cheltenham, where he finished third behind Rooster Booster. 2003/2004 season The 2003/04 season proved by far to be Rhinestone Cowboy's best season. He started with victory in a handicap Hurdle at Haydock, before finishing down the field in the December Festival Hurdle. He then resumed winning ways in the Agfa Hurdle at Sandown in February, before returning to the Cheltenham Festival, where he finished third in the Coral Cup. It was in his next two starts that Rhinestone Cowboy showed how good he was. First, he won the Aintree Hurdle, where he overturned the previous season's Champion Hurdle form by beating Rooster Booster and Westender. More Grade 1 success followed 3 weeks later, as he won the Punchestown Stayers Hurdle on his first try over 3 miles. He had odds on stablemate Iris's Gift back in second that day. Leg injury Rhinestone Cowboy suffered a leg injury in November 2004, which all but ended his racing career. He did come back in the 2006/07 season, where he finished down the field in Handicap Hurdles. Today The horse has not raced since March 2007 and it is thought that he has now been retired. References Racehorses bred in Ireland 1996 racehorse births", "title": "Rhinestone Cowboy (horse)" }, { "docid": "5134590", "text": "The Superbowl of Wrestling was an event held in the 1970s. It was one of the first professional wrestling \"Supercards\". History 1972 The first Superbowl of Wrestling was held in Cleveland, Ohio at Municipal Stadium on August 12, 1972. Three rings were set up, side by side, and often more than one match would be going on at a time. Attendance figures have been estimated as high as 20,000 and as low as 5,000. No reliable sources seem to agree on a number. Here are partial results of the show: Tony Marino & Tony Parisi defeated Motoji Okuma & Mashio Koma to win the tag team tournament Tag team tournament opening round matches: Manuel Soto & Victor Rivera went to a double-DQ with Waldo Von Erich & Karl Von Stroheim, Tony Marino & Toni Parisi won by default. Luis Martinez & Sal Dominguez d. Tex McKenzie & Lil Abner. Semifinals: Koma & Okuma d. Luis Martinez & Sal Dominguez. Finals: Tony & Toni d. Koma & Okuma). Sue Green & Lily Thomas defeated Tippy Wells & Peggy Patterson to win the women's tag team tournament Sky Low Low & Little Brutus defeated Haiti Kid & Frenchy Lamont to win the midget tag team tournament NWF World Tag Team Champions the Fargo Brothers (Don & Johnny Fargo) defeated Wahoo McDaniel & Chief White Owl NWA Women's World Tag Team Champions Toni Rose & Donna Christanello defeated Sandy Parker & Debbie Johnson NWA World Women's Champion The Fabulous Moolah defeated Vicki Williams NWA United States Champion Bobo Brazil defeated Killer Tim Brooks Ernie Ladd vs. Abdullah the Butcher ended in a double disqualification NWF North American Champion Johnny Powers defeated Johnny Valentine 1978 Another Superbowl of Wrestling was held on January 25, 1978. This Superbowl of Wrestling was held at the Orange Bowl in Miami, Florida, drawing over 12,000 fans for a unification match between the WWWF and NWA World Championships. Here are the results: Rocky Johnson defeated Killer Karl Kox via DQ Ivan Putski defeated Ox Baker Joyce Grable won an eight woman battle royal that also included Suzette Ferriera, Leilani Kai, Pepper LaBianca, Winona Littleheart, Tandy Rich, Terry Shane, and Vicki Williams Chavo Guerrero defeated Tank Patton Bobby Duncum defeated Don Serrano Keith Franks defeated John Ruffin Mike Graham & Steve Keirn defeated The Valiant Brothers (Jimmy & Johnny Valiant) to win the NWA Florida United States Tag Team Championship Pedro Morales defeated Lars Anderson Jack & Jerry Brisco defeated Ivan Koloff & Mr. Saito Dusty Rhodes defeated Ken Patera WWWF World Champion Superstar Billy Graham vs. NWA World Heavyweight Champion Harley Race ended in a 60-minute time limit draw during a three fall match Gorilla Monsoon and Don Curtis were the special referees for the match, which saw Graham defeat Race via submission in the first fall, Race won the second fall at the 46 min mark with his trademark suplex.the 3rd fall was a bloody battle with Race having Superstar in a sleeper hold in the last minute,", "title": "Superbowl of Wrestling" }, { "docid": "12840840", "text": "The Particular Cowboys is a lost 1914 American silent comedy film produced by the Lubin Manufacturing Company and starring Frances Ne Moyer and Raymond McKee. Also among the cast was Oliver Hardy, who had a small role as a cowboy. Plot Jake hires Muriel, a pretty young woman, to cook for the cowboys at the ranch. Unfortunately, the food she prepares is inedible and the cowboys riot. Jake defends her honor by dressing up as Muriel, serving the dinner himself, and thrashing any cowboy who complains. When the cowboys discover the trick and find Jake and Muriel embracing, they debate whether to kill Jake or merely tar-and-feather him. Just then the ranch boss arrives with a Chinese cook, \"and it all ends gloriously and everyone is satisfied\". Cast Frances Ne Moyer as Muriel, the cook Raymond McKee as Jake, the chief cowboy Ben Walker as Bill, the terrier Oliver Hardy as a cowboy (uncredited) Production and reception The Particular Cowboys was filmed in Jacksonville, Florida, at the Jacksonville unit of the Lubin Manufacturing Company, under the supervision of Arthur Hotaling. It was a very short split-reel comedy, lasting approximately 5–6 minutes, and sharing a single reel of film with a second, unrelated comedy, For Two Pins, featuring Jimmy Hodges, Marguerite Ne Moyer, and Raymond McKee. The films were released by the General Film Company on May 26, 1914. Both The Particular Cowboys and For Two Pins are among the several Lubin split-reel comedies made in the spring of 1914 that include the earliest screen appearances of Oliver Hardy. In most of these films he was an uncredited extra playing one of a group of cops or, as here, a cowboy. Although the film itself does not survive, Hardy can be seen seated at the head of the table in a promotional still printed in The Lubin Bulletin, the studio's advertising newsletter. The film received mixed reviews: Moving Picture World wrote \"The laughs that are won by this half-reel of Lubin comedy will result from one or two bits of genuinely funny 'business' introduced. The excuse for the action can scarcely be held strong enough to justify all that is done by a bunch of wild and wooly Westerners who are dissatisfied with their ranch cook\"; but The New York Dramatic Mirror had a more favorable impression: \"Rough and ready laughter that spends itself at general good situations and laughable particulars is what makes this short slapstick comedy as good as has been turned out of the Hotaling laughter laboratory in recent times\". References See also List of American films of 1914 Oliver Hardy filmography 1914 films American silent short films American black-and-white films 1914 comedy films 1914 short films Films directed by Arthur Hotaling Silent American comedy films American comedy short films 1910s American films", "title": "The Particular Cowboys" }, { "docid": "21111877", "text": "Oklahoma State Cowboys baseball is the NCAA Division I varsity intercollegiate baseball team of Oklahoma State University, based in Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States. The team competes in the Big 12 Conference. The Cowboys' current head coach is Josh Holliday. Oklahoma State is a historically elite program, with the fifth-best win percentage, 14th-most wins, sixth-most College World Series wins, sixth-most College World Series appearances, and fourth-most NCAA Tournament appearances in college baseball history, as of June 14, 2021. The program has accumulated a better all-time win percentage and more wins, regular season conference championships, conference tournament championships, All-Americans, NCAA Tournament appearances, NCAA Tournament wins, College World Series appearances, College World Series Finals appearances, College World Series wins, and College Baseball Hall of Famers than any school in the Big 12 besides Texas. Oklahoma State has won 25 conference championships and 25 conference tournament championships as of the end of the 2023 season. The Cowboys have also earned 48 NCAA Tournament bids and have played in 20 College World Series, including a still-standing NCAA record seven straight CWS appearances from 1981 to 1987. The Cowboys have four players/coaches in the College Baseball Hall of Fame: Gary Ward (who coached the program to 16 consecutive conference titles from 1980 to 1996), Tom Borland (1955 College World Series Most Outstanding Player), Pete Incaviglia (the all time home run king in college baseball history), and Robin Ventura (holder of an NCAA record 58-game hitting streak and widely regarded as the greatest hitter in college baseball history). Oklahoma State won the national championship in 1959, led by star pitcher Joel Horlen, who would later author the 12th no-hitter in Chicago White Sox history in 1967. Former OSU pitcher Allie Reynolds also threw two no-hitters with the New York Yankees in 1951, which is still tied as an MLB record for most no-hitters in a single season by one player. Former Cowboy pitcher John Farrell managed the Boston Red Sox to two World Series championships in 2007 and 2013. History 1959 national championship The 1959 Cowboys baseball team entered the season not expected to do much. Only four players, left fielder Don Soergel, and pitchers Roy Peterson, Joel Horlen, and Dick Soergel, were on the roster from the previous season. The preseason prospectus for 1959 read, \"The baseball outlook for coach Toby Greene's 16th edition of Cowboy baseball is quite questionable. Despite the return of key members from last year's pitching staff, it's hard to consider the Pokes much of a threat with graduation, grades and the pros robbing the veteran OSU mentor of all but one of his starters.\" The team compiled a 17–3 conference record, winning the Big Eight conference title. OSU opened the 1959 national tournament with a 10–2 victory over Western Michigan behind a Joel Horlen five-hitter. They had to rally for three runs in the seventh in its next game against Penn State and won 8–6 with eleven team hits. In their next game, the Cowboys lost to Arizona by a score", "title": "Oklahoma State Cowboys baseball" }, { "docid": "209067", "text": "Superbowl may refer to: A misspelling of Super Bowl, U.S. American football championship game of the NFL Superbowl of Debate is a program by the University of Louisville Debate Society to increase minority participation in debate Superbowl of Wrestling held in the 1970s Super Bowl of Poker held in the 1980s The championship game of the Italian Football League was known as the Superbowl italiano until 2014 A performance venue at the Sun City resort located in South Africa The Super Dave Superbowl of Knowledge, a 1994 TV special by Super Dave Osborne \"Super Bowl,\" a 2003 episode of Aqua Teen Hunger Force \"Super Bowl\" (song), a 2023 song by Stray Kids See also super cup Super League (disambiguation)", "title": "Superbowl (disambiguation)" }, { "docid": "23244889", "text": "Luke Snyder (born October 6, 1982) is an American former professional rodeo cowboy who specialized in bull riding, and competed in the Professional Bull Riders (PBR) circuit. He was the 2001 PBR Rookie of the Year, and the 2001 PBR World Finals event champion. Since 2022, he has been the co-head coach of the Missouri Thunder during the PBR Team Series season. Early and personal life Luke Snyder was born on October 6, 1982, and is originally from Raymore, Missouri. He began riding steer at age 9, and moved to bulls around 13 or 14 years old. His father Mike pulled his rope for him at the amateur events until he went professional at 18. Snyder decided that after marrying his girlfriend Jennifer Manna in 2012, that 2013 would be his last season. Snyder also said he and Manna recently bought a home in Springfield, Missouri, and planned to start a family. As of 2022, he and Manna are divorced. His special interests include team roping, snowboarding and surfing. Contestant career Snyder emerged onto the PBR scene as an 18-year-old Rookie of the Year and PBR Bud Light Cup World Finals Champion in 2001. Snyder competed in the Built Ford Tough Series (BFTS) throughout his career Snyder earned $263,000 from his two wins at the Finals. And he finished the season with $348,561 in earnings. In 2011, in Las Vegas, Nevada, Snyder won close to $220,000 when he won the Last Cowboy Standing event, which also was the 300th event of his career. In front of 6,011 fans and a pay-per-view audience, Snyder rode Cooper Tires Wild & Out for 90 points in the progressive-elimination event. Snyder earned $16,500 for the round and moved to first place from 31st in the season earnings race with a total of $240,000. He scored 88 points on Slim Chance. He scored 90.5 points on Braveheart to tie for second place in Round 2. Snyder's $216,500 payout was the highest one-day payout of the 2011 PBR BFTS season. It was also the second highest in history. Snyder's place in the PBR finals was then guaranteed. Nine-time Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association World Champion Cowboy Ty Murray had \"wondered what a rider like Snyder, who has struggled near the cut line for much of the season, thought about going up against a rider like Valdiron de Oliveira, whose riding average is nearing 80 percent\". As it turned out, he was the only rider who rode 3 of his bulls. \"It was unbelievable to see Luke Snyder just come out of nowhere and dominate,\" said Murray in his weekly Podcast. \"He made three fantastic rides on three really good bulls, and I think it surprised a lot of people.\" That weekend, he also just became the third rider to compete in 300 BFTS events. In 2012, he was featured as part of a five-man team for Ford Truck's Built Ford Tough Invasion. Snyder is known for his record of competing in 275 consecutive major PBR BFTS events.", "title": "Luke Snyder (bull rider)" }, { "docid": "40914228", "text": "Trevor Brazile (born November 16, 1976) is a semi-retired American rodeo champion who competed in the Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association (PRCA) and partners with a cowboy named Miles Baker. He was inducted into the ProRodeo Hall of Fame in 2022. He holds the record for the most PRCA world championship titles with 26. He won his 26th title in 2020. He also holds the record for the most all-around cowboy world champion titles at 14, breaking the record of 7 titles held by Ty Murray; Murray's last earned was in 1998. In 2010, Brazile won his 8th all-around title, surpassing Murray's seven titles from 1998. Murray's titles were won all in roughstock events, as opposed to Brazile's timed-event wins, and he is still the youngest winner of the title. Brazile won the all-around world championship in 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2006 through 2015, and in 2018. He won the tie-down roping world championship in 2007, 2009 and 2010. He won the team roping world championship in 2010. He won the steer roping world championship in 2006, 2007, 2011, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2019 and 2020. He won four National Finals Steer Roping (NFSR) Average titles in 2012, 2014, 2015, and 2020. He also won two National Finals Rodeo (NFR) Average titles. One was in team roping in 2008 and one was in tie-down roping in 2010. The late Jim Shoulders set the record of 16 world championships in 1959 when he won his 15th and 16th titles. Steer roper Guy Allen matched the record in 2001 after winning his 16th steer roping title. Two years later in 2003, he broke Shoulder's record after winning a 17th title. Allen won his 18th and final record to date in 2004. In 2013, Brazile won another all-around title and his total number of world titles moved to 19. This broke Allen's record of 18 world titles. As of 2020, Brazile has 26 world titles, eight more than Allen, who is in second place with 18 titles, and Shoulders is in third place with 16 titles. In 2008, Brazile became the first PRCA cowboy to cross the $3 million mark in career earnings. Brazile announced his retirement from full-time rodeo at the end of the 2018 NFR. Brazile was born in Amarillo, Texas, and says that \"he wants to be remembered as a great cowboy\". Brazile has been married since 2001 to Shada Cooper, the daughter of ProRodeo Hall of Fame cowboy, Roy Cooper, who mentored Brazile early in his rodeo career. They live in Decatur, Texas, with their three children. Career highlights 2019 This season Brazile was on a reduced schedule as per his announcement at the end of the previous year's season. It did not stop him from winning the steer roping event this year and his 25th gold buckle. Brazile placed in all ten rounds of the PRCA National Finals Steer Roping (NFSR) in Mulvane, Kansas, and he was the only cowboy who did. He earned $56,707 at the NFSR. Part of", "title": "Trevor Brazile" }, { "docid": "24022753", "text": "Toni Rose (born December 22, 1945) is an American retired professional wrestler. During her wrestling career, Rose captured the NWA World Women's Tag Team Championship on five occasions; three times with Donna Christanello, and twice with her trainer, The Fabulous Moolah. Rose is also a former one-time NWA Southern Women's Championship (Georgia version). Professional wrestling career Rose grew up in Indianapolis, Indiana. She decided to become a professional wrestler at the age of seven, but first attended Terre Haute High School and college. She trained under The Fabulous Moolah in 1965. During her first match, which occurred in Atlanta, Georgia, her opponent Bambi Bell knocked Rose unconscious. During a match in Australia in 1969, Rose was injured and left partially blind in one eye. In the early 1970s, Rose held the National Wrestling Alliance's NWA Women's World Tag Team Championship twice with The Fabulous Moolah. They first won the title in May 1970, but lost it to Donna Christanello and Kathy O'Day. During a rematch in June, Rose and Moolah regained the title. Later that November, Rose won the title, this time with Christanello. In 1972 at the Superbowl of Wrestling, they defended the World Women's Tag Team Championship against Sandy Parker and Debbie Johnson. During their reign, there was an unrecorded title change; Susan \"Tex\" Green and Parker won the title from Christanello and Rose in November 1971 in Hawaii, but they regained it in February 1972 in Hong Kong. After a three-year reign as champions, they were officially defeated for the title by the team of Joyce Grable and Vicki Williams on October 15, 1973, in New York City. It was not until October 1975 that Rose and Christanello regained the title from Grable and Williams, holding it for approximately four years. During this time, she also wrestled against Susan \"Tex\" Green in Leroy McGuirk's promotion. During her career, Rose was also a contender for Moolah's NWA World Women's Championship, but never won the title. In December 1974, Rose was in a match to crown the vacated NWA United States Women's Championship, but lost to Ann Casey. Personal life Rose cites Penny Banner as her favorite wrestler growing up, who she later became friend with. She was married to Jack Laughridge for nearly 35 years, until he passed away in 2016. Championships and accomplishments Carolina Wrestling Hall of Fame Class of 2021 Lifetime Achievement Award (2021) National Wrestling Alliance NWA Southern Women's Championship (Georgia version) (1 time) NWA World Women's Tag Team Championship (5 times) – with Donna Christanello (3) and The Fabulous Moolah (2) Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame Class of 2018 Women's Wrestling Hall of Fame Class of 2023 Footnotes References Further reading External links Online World of Wrestling profile American female professional wrestlers Living people Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame and Museum Stampede Wrestling alumni 21st-century American women 1945 births 20th-century female professional wrestlers NWA World Women's Tag Team Champions", "title": "Toni Rose" }, { "docid": "16948504", "text": "R. W. Hampton (born June 17, 1957 in Houston, Texas) is an American western music singer-songwriter, actor and playwright. Hampton has achieved both critical and commercial success, winning multiple awards from the Western Music Association and the Academy of Western Artists and four separate Wrangler Awards from the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum in Oklahoma City. In 2013, Hampton was named among the \"Top 50 Best Singers of Country and Western Singers of All Time\" by American Cowboy magazine (alongside performers like George Strait, Johnny Cash, George Jones, and Gene Autry) and has won acclaim and countless awards singing songs celebrating the Western way of life. Called “Today's Voice of the American Cowboy,” Hampton began his career playing guitar and singing at cowboy campfires as a wrangler at Philmont Scout Ranch. Prior to his career in the entertainment industry, he drifted across the American West, working cowboy jobs on some of the biggest ranches in the West, punching cattle, riding young colts, shoeing horses and guiding trail rides and hunters in the high country. A prolific writer and performer, Hampton's wife Lisa doubles as his manager & agent. Early career After eleven years working as a cowboy working on western ranches, Hampton began a career in music. In 1984, he released his first album, Travelin' Light, with appearances at The Grand Ole Opry in Nashville, Tennessee and the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C. Kenny Rogers chose Hampton to play himself, a cowboy singing at the campfire, in the television movie, Wild Horses. Hampton worked at ranch duties on the former Spade Ranch in Texas, the IL Ranch in northern Nevada, the ZX Ranch in Oregon, and the Pickerel Land and Cattle Company in Wyoming, but preferred the Texas Panhandle and eastern New Mexico, where he owns the Clearview Ranch, located about twenty miles southwest of Cimarron. and in 2022 purchased a cattle and big game hunting property, The Six Springs Ranch, Southeast of Raton, NM. 1990s Throughout the 1990s, Hampton continued his recording and entertainment career, appearing in several Western films and recording five albums in six years from 1994 to 1999. In 1996, he received the Academy of Western Artists’ first Will Rogers Award for both Male Vocalist of the Year and Entertainer of the Year. A year later, his album, Ridin’ The Dreamland Range, won the association's Album of the Year. The Academy named Hampton its Male Vocalist of the Year again in 1999. The Last Cowboy (1993) The one-man stage play The Last Cowboy was written with Hampton's brother Jeff, and playwright Dave Marquis in 1993. The show received critical praise for Hampton's performance, and for his interpretation of the cowboy past. His album The Last Cowboy – His Journey, which was inspired by the play, won him his first Wrangler Award in 2000 for Excellence in Dramatic Presentation and Original Music Composition from the National Cowboy Museum and Western Heritage Center. 2000s \"For The Freedom\" (2006) Hampton won a Western Music Association award for Top", "title": "R.W. Hampton" }, { "docid": "69258060", "text": "The Cowboys–Vikings rivalry is a rivalry between the Dallas Cowboys and Minnesota Vikings. The overall series is led by Dallas 19–15. The Cowboys and Vikings have played seven times in the playoffs, making this one of the most played playoff series in league history (the Vikings' most common playoff opponent and the fourth-most for the Cowboys after the 49ers, Rams, and Packers). The Cowboys lead the playoff series 4–3. CBS Sports named the rivalry among the best in the 1970s. Meetings In 1975, the Dallas Cowboys traveled to the Twin Cities for a Divisional playoff game. The Vikings looked to have the game wrapped-up with a late lead 14–10. However, Roger Staubach threw a 50-yard touchdown pass to Drew Pearson in what became known as the Hail Mary game. In January 1983, future Hall of Fame running back Tony Dorsett rushed for an NFL-record 99-yard touchdown in a Monday Night Football game in Minnesota. This occurred despite the Cowboys have only 10 players in the game, as fullback Robert Newhouse was on the sidelines. The Vikings won the game. In 1989, the Minnesota Vikings and Dallas Cowboys were part of the Herschel Walker trade, the largest player trade in NFL history. In this trade, the Vikings received Herschel Walker and three picks from the Cowboys in exchange for eight picks given to the Cowboys. The Vikings felt it was the last piece needed to make a Super Bowl run. Instead, the trade catapulted the Cowboys to three Super Bowl wins in the 1990s; the Vikings won none with Walker. It is thus considered one of the worst trades in NFL history. The 1996 NFC Wild Card Round saw the defending Super Bowl champion Cowboys defeat the Vikings 40–15. In 1998, the Minnesota Vikings played the Dallas Cowboys on Thanksgiving. Randy Moss, a rookie wide receiver who the Cowboys had passed over due to legal issues in college, famously had three touchdowns in a 46–36 thriller. In the 1999 playoffs, the Cowboys traveled to the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome for a key wild-card playoff game. The Vikings won 27–10. In the 2009 playoffs, Dallas traveled to the Metrodome for the NFC Divisional playoff game with the Minnesota Vikings. The Vikings defeated the Cowboys 34–3. Late in the game, Cowboys player Keith Brooking was seen arguing with Vikings coaches because he believed the Vikings were running up the score. Cowboys head coach Wade Phillips also believed Minnesota's late-game aggression was uncalled for. In 2022, the Cowboys travelled to U.S. Bank Stadium and blew out the Vikings 40–3. Minnesota quarterback Kirk Cousins was sacked a career-high seven times, and this was the largest road win in Dallas Cowboys' history. The game was so lopsided that CBS Sports switched to a \"more competitive\" game, this being the Bengals-Steelers, for their national broadcast with five minutes left in the third quarter. Game results \|- \| rowspan=2\| \| style=\"\| Cowboys 21–7 \| Cotton Bowl \| Cowboys 1–0 \| rowspan=2\|Vikings' inaugural season. \|- \| style=\"\| Cowboys 28–0", "title": "Cowboys–Vikings rivalry" }, { "docid": "27320961", "text": "William E. Linderman (April 13, 1920 – November 11, 1965) was an American rodeo cowboy who competed on the Rodeo Cowboys Association (RCA) circuit in the 1940s and 1950s. During his career, he won RCA All-Around Cowboy titles in 1950 and 1953, along with an unofficial All-Around Cowboy championship in 1945; in addition, he earned season championships in rodeo disciplines four times. Linderman was the first cowboy with three RCA world championships in a year, a feat he accomplished in 1950. A native of Montana, he joined the RCA in the early 1940s, winning his first discipline world championship in 1943 before beating out his brother for the 1945 unofficial All-Around Cowboy title. After injuries and health issues ended his 1946 and 1947 seasons, Linderman added two more All-Around Cowboy championships in the next six years. Beginning in 1947, Linderman worked various jobs for the RCA, including spells as a member of the organization's board of directors, president, and secretary-treasurer. His desire for a season-ending event featuring leaders in the RCA's point standings helped lead to the creation of the National Finals Rodeo. Linderman moved with his family to Washington, and remained with the RCA until his death in a plane accident. He was inducted into the ProRodeo Hall of Fame in 1979. Early life Born in Bridger, Montana and raised in Red Lodge, Linderman had six brothers, four of whom were cowboys on professional rodeo tours. At the age of seven, Linderman's father, John H. Linderman, died, and he eventually moved to his stepfather's farm in Belfry. As he became older, he began work as a cowboy for a ranch, in addition to serving as a rock miner. Sources differ on when Linderman joined the RCA; he did so between 1940 and 1942. Professional rodeo career In 1943, Linderman won his first world championship in the bareback riding event, and finished third in the All-Around Cowboy standings. Two years later, he won the All-Around title, which was unofficial at the time; his closest competitor was younger brother Bud Linderman. In addition to the All-Around crown, he won the saddle bronc riding world championship that year. In 1946, Linderman attempted to repeat as All-Around Cowboy, and entered the Deadwood, South Dakota rodeo with the lead in the standings. However, as he tried to wrestle a steer, he sustained broken back vertebrae and a broken neck, ending his season. Linderman returned to competition in 1947, only to have an appendectomy prematurely finish his campaign. The next year, Linderman won the all-around championship at the Calgary Stampede rodeo, and added a victory in the saddle bronc discipline. Linderman claimed three RCA world championships in 1950, becoming the first cowboy to win that many in a season. With over $30,000 in earnings during the year, he won the official All-Around Cowboy championship. He also won his second saddle bronc title and only steer wrestling crown. In 1952, Linderman earned more than $28,000 in RCA events, finishing third in the All-Around Cowboy standings behind", "title": "Bill Linderman" }, { "docid": "4594483", "text": "Mary Alfonsi (May 23, 1942 – August 25, 2011), better known by her ring name Donna Christanello, was an American professional wrestler active between 1963 and 1991. Trained by The Fabulous Moolah, she frequently wrestled Ann Casey, Vicki Williams, Evelyn Stevens and Leilani Kai throughout the 1970s. Professional wrestling career National Wrestling Alliance Christanello was employed at a restaurant in Pittsburgh when she decided to contact a wrestling promoter to become a professional wrestler. Male wrestlers Waldo Von Erich and Klondike Bill helped set her up with women's wrestling trainer The Fabulous Moolah. She moved to South Carolina in 1963 to train with Moolah. In 1969, Christanello competed during an Australian tour with Toni Rose, Jessica Rodgers, Betty and Rita Boucher, Ramona Isbell, Marva Scott and Evelyn Stevens. She was the frequent tag team partner of Toni Rose. She and Rose won the National Wrestling Alliance's NWA Women's World Tag Team Championship in 1970. In 1972, she competed at the Superbowl of Wrestling, where she and Rose defended the time World Women's Tag Team Championship against Sandy Parker and Debbie Johnson. They eventually lost the title in October 1973 to Joyce Grable and Vicki Williams at Madison Square Garden in New York. There is also an unrecorded title change. Susan Green and Sandy Parker won the World Tag Team title from Christanello and Rose in November 1971 in Hawaii and lost them in February 1972 to Christanello and Rose in Hong Kong. They also defended the title in the NWA and American Wrestling Association, and the title was eventually integrated into the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). As a result, they were recognized as the first WWF Women's Tag Team Champions. World Wrestling Federation During the mid-1980s she competed in the WWF's women's division. Christianello continued to wrestle in tag team matches. On May 5, 1984, Susan Starr and Christianello defeated Wendi Richter and Peggy Lee. On June 5, 1984, Peggy Lee and Christianello defeated The Fabulous Moolah and Desiree Petersen. The next day Moolah and Petersen defeated the team of Christianello and Judy Martin. On June 9, Moolah and Petersen defeated Martin and Christianello. The following day, Moolah and Petersen once again defeated Christianello and Judy Martin. In August 1984, Christianello wrestled primarily singles matches. On August 19, Susan Green defeated Christianello. In matches on both August 20 and 21, Susan Starr defeated Christianello. In 1987, she wrestled as part of Sensational Sherri's team at the Survivor Series pay-per-view. Personal life and death Christanello was born and raised in Pittsburgh and was of Italian descent. She lived with The Fabulous Moolah on-and-off for forty years, ending in May 1999 when she moved back to Pittsburgh. While living with Moolah, she helped train women wrestlers Sherri Martel and Brittany Brown. After retiring from the ring, she was employed by Wal-Mart in the accounting department. Her niece, Marie Minor, was trained by Christanello and worked as a wrestler under the ring name Angie Minelli for several years in the 1980s. On August", "title": "Donna Christanello" }, { "docid": "33936854", "text": "Curvin Richards (born December 26, 1968) is a former professional American football running back who played for three seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Pittsburgh Panthers. He spent two seasons with the Dallas Cowboys (1991–1992) and one season with the Detroit Lions in 1993. He is distinguished as being the first Trinidadian to play in the NFL. With the Cowboys, he won Super Bowl XXVII over the Buffalo Bills. Early years Richards was born in Trinidad and Tobago, before his family moved to La Porte, Texas, when he was 10 years old. He attended LaPorte High School where he became a starter as a sophomore and produced 1,577 rushing yards. The next year, he finished with 1,106 rushing yards. As a senior a new wishbone offense was implemented, which in turn impacted his carries and production (811 rushing yards). He also played center fielder in baseball, hitting for a .429 average as a senior. College career Richards accepted a football scholarship form the University of Pittsburgh. He was a third-team running back when his freshman season started. After Adam Walker was injured in the first quarter of the fourth game of the season against Boston College, Richards replaced him and rushed for 202 yards. Not only did he keep the starting job but also became a media sensation, earning the nickname \"Swervin\" and being compared to Tony Dorsett and Herschel Walker. He finished the season as the Division I-A leading freshman rusher (1,228 rushing yards) and the second freshman in school history to have a 1,000 yard season (after Dorsett). He also had 3 games where he rushed for over 200 yards. The next year, he registered 1,282 rushing yards, becoming only second player in school history to achieve multiple and back-to-back 1,000 yards rushing seasons (after Dorsett). He rushed for a career-high 264 yards against East Carolina University, at the time the fourth best single-game mark in school history. As a junior, he began the year with three straight 100-yard rushing games, before suffering an ankle injury when a lineman fell on his leg during a practice. He lost three games due to this severe sprained ankle and started only three of the last five games of the season, which made his statistics drop to 682 rushing yards and 2 touchdowns. The following season, he was suspended indefinitely by new head coach Paul Hackett for missing team meetings and study hall time. News later surfaced that even though he didn't inform the team, he left to be with his sister who was in a coma with a brain tumor and eventually died. This situation made him decide to declare as an early entry into the NFL Draft. Even though he only played for three years, he left as the school's second career rusher with 3,192 yards (behind Dorsett). Professional career Dallas Cowboys Richards was selected by the Dallas Cowboys in the fourth round (97th overall) of the 1991 NFL Draft, after he", "title": "Curvin Richards" } ]	[ "1995" ]
train_45924	when was 500 rupee note introduced in pakistan	[ { "docid": "490884", "text": "The ngultrum (; , symbol: Nu., code: BTN) is the currency of the Kingdom of Bhutan. It can be literally translated as 'silver' for ngul and 'coin' for trum. It is subdivided into 100 chhertum ( , spelled as chetrums on coins until 1979). The Royal Monetary Authority of Bhutan, the central bank of Bhutan is the minting authority of the ngultrum banknotes and coins. The ngultrum is currently pegged to the Indian rupee at parity. History Until 1789, the coins of the Cooch Behar mint circulated in Bhutan. Following this, Bhutan began issuing its own coins known as chetrum, mostly silver rupees. Hammered silver and copper coins were the only types issued until 1929, when modern style silver rupee coins were introduced, followed by bronze 1 paisa in 1931 (dated 1928). Nickel rupee coins were introduced in 1950. While the Cooch Behar mint coins circulated alongside Bhutan's own coins, decimalization was introduced in 1957, when Bhutan's first issue of coins denominated in naya paisa. The 1966 issues were 25 naya paisa, 50 naya paisa and 1 rupee coins, struck in cupro-nickel. While the Bhutanese government developed its economy in the early 1960s, monetization in 1968 led to the establishment of the Bank of Bhutan. As monetary reforms took place in 1974, the Ngultrum was officially introduced as 100 Chhetrum equal to 1 Ngultrum. The Ngultrum retained the peg to the Indian rupee at par, which the Bhutanese coins had maintained. The term derives from the Dzongkha ngul, \"silver\" and trum, a Hindi loanword meaning \"money.\" The Ministry of Finance issued its first banknotes in 1974 in denominations of Nu.1, Nu.5, Nu.10 and Nu.100. This was followed by the establishment of the Royal Monetary Authority of Bhutan as the central bank of Bhutan in 1982, which took over the authority to issue banknotes in 1983, replacing the authority of the Ministry of Finance. Coins In 1974, aluminum Ch.5 and Ch.10, aluminium-bronze Ch.20, and cupro-nickel Ch.25 and Nu.1 were introduced. The Ch.5 was square and the Ch.10 was scallop-shaped. A new coinage was introduced in 1979, consisting of bronze Ch.5 and Ch.10, and cupro-nickel Ch.25 and Ch.50 and Nu.1 and Nu.3. Aluminium-bronze Ch.25 was also issued dated 1979. Ch.5 and Ch.10 have largely ceased circulating. Currently, coins are available in denominations of Ch.20, Ch.25, Ch.50 and Nu.1. Banknotes Previous series On June 2, 1974, Nu.1, Nu.5 and Nu.10 notes were introduced by the Royal Government of Bhutan, followed by Nu.2, Nu.20, Nu.50, and Nu.100 in 1978. On August 4, 1982, the Royal Monetary Authority of Bhutan Act was enacted, although the RMA did not begin operations until November 1, 1983, and did not issue its own family of notes until 1986. Present series In 2006, the Monetary Authority introduced its latest series of notes, with denominations of Nu.1, Nu.5, Nu.10, Nu.20, Nu.50, Nu.100, Nu.500, and Nu.1000. These notes use a hybrid substrate. Commemorative notes Exchange rate See also Royal Monetary Authority of Bhutan Economy of Bhutan References Panish, Charles K: \"Early", "title": "Bhutanese ngultrum" }, { "docid": "7255907", "text": "Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was a key Indian independence movement leader known for employing nonviolent resistance against British Rule to successfully lead the campaign. He was the pioneer of Satyagraha — the resistance of alleged tyranny through mass civil disobedience, firmly founded upon ahimsa or total nonviolence — which inspired movements for civil rights and freedom around the world. Gandhi is commonly known in India and around the world with the honorific Mahatma Gandhi (Sanskrit: महात्मा mahātmā — \"Great Soul\") and as Bapu (Gujarati: બાપુ bāpu — \"Father\"). In India, he is recognised as the Father of the Nation by all Indians and 2 October, his birthday, is commemorated each year on Gandhi Jayanti, a national holiday. Currency and stamps In 1996, the Government of India introduced the Mahatma Gandhi series of currency notes in rupees 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500 and 1000 denomination. Today, all the currency notes in circulation in India contain a portrait of Mahatma Gandhi. In 1969, the United Kingdom issued a series of stamps commemorating the centenary of Mahatma Gandhi. There have been approximately 250 stamps issued bearing Gandhi's image from 80 different countries worldwide. Film 1953: He is the subject of the American feature documentary Mahatma Gandhi: 20th Century Prophet 1963: Gandhi is portrayed by J.S. Casshyap in Nine Hours to Rama based upon the 1962 book by Stanley Wolpert. 1968: Mahatma: Life of Gandhi, 1869–1948 (documentary on the life of Gandhi) 1982: Gandhi is portrayed by Ben Kingsley in the award-winning film, Gandhi, directed by Richard Attenborough. The film won eight Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Actor. 1986: Gandhi is portrayed by Sam Dastor in Lord Mountbatten: The Last Viceroy, a British mini-series which is about Louis Mountbatten and his role in the partitioning of India and Pakistan. 1989: Gandhi is portrayed by Jay Levey in a spoof segment in UHF, a comedy film directed by Levey himself 1993: Gandhi is portrayed by Yashwant Satvik in Yugpurush Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar, which is based upon the life of B. R. Ambedkar. 1993: Gandhi is portrayed by Annu Kapoor in the Ketan Mehta film Sardar which is about the life of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel. 1996: Gandhi is portrayed by Rajit Kapur in his award-winning role as a young Gandhi in The Making of the Mahatma, a Shyam Benegal film about Gandhi's 21 years in South Africa. 1998: Gandhi is portrayed by Sam Dastor in Jinnah, a biopic of the founder of Pakistan, Mohammed Ali Jinnah. 2000: Gandhi is portrayed by Mohan Gokhale in Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar, which is based upon the life of B. R. Ambedkar. 2000: Gandhi is portrayed by Naseeruddin Shah in Hey Ram. A film made by Kamal Haasan, it portrays a would-be assassin of Gandhi and the dilemma faced by the would-be assassins in the turmoil of post-partition India. 2001: Gandhi is portrayed by Surendra Rajan in the film Veer Savarkar, about the life of Vinayak Damodar Savarkar. 2002: Gandhi is portrayed by Surendra Rajan in the film The", "title": "List of artistic depictions of Mahatma Gandhi" }, { "docid": "8343375", "text": "Ram Narain Malhotra popularly known as R. N. Malhotra (1926 – 29 April 1997) was the seventeenth governor of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), serving from 4 February 1985 to 22 December 1990. Malhotra was a member of the Indian Administrative Service. He had served as Secretary, Finance, and as India's Executive Director of the International Monetary Fund before his appointment as governor of the RBI. During his tenure, the 500-rupee note was introduced. He signed the 8hq A 50 rupees note 1986. In 1990 he was the recipient of the Padma Bhushan award. His wife Anna Rajam Malhotra was the first woman member of the Indian Administrative Service. References 1926 births 1997 deaths Governors of the Reserve Bank of India Indian bankers Indian civil servants 20th-century Indian economists Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in civil service", "title": "R. N. Malhotra" } ]	[ { "docid": "3660001", "text": "The Hyderabadi Rupee (better known as \"Osmania Sicca\") was the currency of the Hyderabad State from 1918 to 1959. It co-existed with the Indian rupee from 1950. Like the Indian rupee, it was divided into 16 annas, each of 12 pai. Coins were issued in copper (later bronze) for denominations of 1 and 2 pai and anna, in cupro-nickel (later bronze) for 1 anna and in silver for 2, 4 and 8 annas and 1 rupee. Hyderabad was the only Indian princely state that was permitted to continue issuing its notes after it was subjected to join the Dominion of India in 1948 and the Republic of India in 1950. History The Government of Hyderabad made several efforts to organize private bankers to set up a banking company that could issue paper money. The British, however, resisted the attempts of Indian princely states to issue paper currency. The acute shortage of silver during the First World War and the contributions of Hyderabad to the British war effort led them to accept, in 1918, paper currency in denominations of ₹10/- and ₹100/- issued under the Hyderabad Currency Act. The currency was designated asOsmania Sicca (OS). One and five rupee notes were subsequently issued in 1919 and one thousand rupee notes were issued in 1926. After the setting up of the India Currency Notes Press at Nashik, Hyderabadi notes came to be printed there. In 1942, the Government of Hyderabad established the Hyderabad State Bank, with the responsibility, inter alia, of managing the OS. Hyderabad continued to mint its coins until 1948 when India occupied the state after the Nizam refused to cede it to the new Dominion. In 1950, the Indian rupee was introduced alongside the local currency, with the relationship of 7 Hyderabadi rupees = 6 Indian rupees being used. In 1951, the Hyderabadi rupee ceased to be issued and the Indian rupee became the main circulating currency, although the Hyderabadi rupee was not demonetized until 1959. Banknotes The banknotes of Hyderabad were issued from 1918 until 1953. The ruling Nizam of Hyderabad was Mir Osman Ali Khan. Notes issued as early as 1916 have been reported. The notes are dated in the Fasli Era, so adding 589 to the FE date will convert it to the AD date. They were printed in Urdu, with the value of currency written in Urdu, Marathi, Telugu, Kannada and English on them. In 1932, a quantity of unissued, but water-stained Hyderabadi notes in 5, 10, and 100 rupee denominations were recovered from the SS Egypt, which sank off the island of Ushant near Brest, northern France in 1922. Many of these were given a special stamping and sold as souvenirs. These notes were in the process of being shipped from England where they had been printed. These notes are of historic interest to notaphilists. Some of the notes are printed slightly later than the dates that they bear. The double letter serial number prefix determines what series the note is located in. Some", "title": "Hyderabadi rupee" }, { "docid": "6155109", "text": "Tax on cash withdrawal is a form of advance taxation and is a strategy to keep tax evasion in check. This mode of tax collection is also called the presumptive tax regime. Globally, 3 countries are known to consider this approach namely, Pakistan, India and Greece. Greece - Cashpoint During 2015, when Greek economy was on the verge of bankruptcy, millions of panicked citizens completely cleared their accounts - by pulling more than €28 billion out of banks and pushing the total cash revenue held in the country's financial institutions to a 10-year low. To combat this Greek banks proposed taxing cash withdrawals and requiring use of debit and credit cards for all transaction in order to prevent tax evasion. A surcharge for all cashpoint withdrawals was introduced approximately amounting to €1 for every €1,000 transaction. It was expected that it won't impact day-to-day withdrawals and it will deter citizens from clearing out their bank accounts. Ministers of the Athens government hoped the move could raise as much as €180 million, which would have helped the country's the then debt conditions. As per bank officials, cash was easy to funnel into the underground economy, which cost the state an estimated loss of 15 billion euros ($15.88 billion) a year and it would stop if there were no cash. Greece declared bankruptcy in 2015. Pakistan - Withholding Tax (per section 231A) In Pakistan, it is known as Withholding Tax described in the Section 231A of Income Tax Ordinance where a withdrawal of more than Rs. 50,000.00 attracts such tax. This tax is levied on the withdrawal of cash from the bank accounts by the customer. The customer account will be debited to give the effect of this tax. This tax helps in the documentation of the economy. It helps in reducing cash transactions. However, the customer can reduce his tax liability at the end of the year with the amount already paid as advance tax on cash withdrawal from banks. Section 231A of the Income-tax ordinance 2001 of Pakistan is reproduced here which imposes a tax on cash withdrawal from the bank account. (1) Every banking company shall deduct tax at the rate specified in Division VI of Part IV of the First Schedule, if the payment for cash withdrawal, or the sum total of the payments for cash withdrawal in a day, exceeds fifty thousand rupees. Explanation.- For the removal of doubt, it is clarified that the said fifty thousand rupees shall be aggregate withdrawals from all the bank accounts in a single day. The section also defines the group of people who are exempted from this tax. The current rate of the withholding tax is 0.3% for Tax filers and 0.6% for Non-Tax Filer (also payable on transfers by Non-Tax Filers). Apparently, the purpose of this tax is to motivate people to file their Tax returns but as Pakistan is a Cash dominant economy, the government is able to earn a huge amount by this. the rate of the", "title": "Tax on cash withdrawal" }, { "docid": "1088705", "text": "General Nawab Sir Sadiq Muhammad Khan V Abbasi (; 29 September 1904 – 24 May 1966) was the 12th and final Nawab (ruler) of the state of Bahawalpur from February 1907 to October 1955, and then as a titular figure until his death in 1966. He became the Nawab on the death of his father when he was only two years old. A Council of Regency, with Sir Rahim Bakhsh as its president, ruled on his behalf until 1924. The Nawab served as an officer with the British Indian Army, fighting in the Third Afghan War (1919) and commanding forces in the Middle East during the Second World War. By 1947, its institutions consisted of departments run by trained civil servants; there was a Ministerial Cabinet headed by a prime minister; the State Bank was the Bank of Bahawalpur, with branches outside the State, including Karachi, Lahore. There was a High Court and there were lower courts, as well as a trained police force and an army commanded by officers trained at the Royal Indian Military Academy at Dehra Doon. The Nawab had a keen interest in education, which was free till A level and the state's government provided scholarships of merit for higher education. In 1951, the Nawab donated 500 acres in Bahawalpur for the construction of Sadiq Public School. Nawab was known for his relationship with the Quaid-i-Azam (Muhammad Ali Jinnah), Founder of Pakistan. In August 1947, on the withdrawal of British forces from the subcontinent, the Nawab decided not to accede his State at once to the new Dominion of Pakistan. However, on 3 October 1947, after some delay, he relented and became the first ruler of a princely state (Bahawalpur) to accede successfully. As tens of thousands of Muslim refugees flooded into the state from the new India, he set up the Ameer of Bahawalpur Refugee Relief and Rehabilitation Fund to provide for their relief. In 1953, the Ameer represented Pakistan at the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II. In 1955, he signed an agreement with the governor-general of Pakistan, Malik Ghulam Muhammad, under which Bahawalpur became part of the province of West Pakistan, with effect from 14 October 1955, and the Amir received a yearly privy purse of 32 lakhs of rupees, keeping his titles. The same year, he was promoted to the rank of general in the Pakistan Army. Early life Sir Sadeq Muhammad Khan Abbasi was born at Derawar on 29 September 1904, the only son and heir of Haji Nawab Muhammad Bahawal Khan Abbasi V, Nawab of the state of Bahawalpur. When only two and a half, his father fell ill and died while at sea off the Aden coast, on 15 February 1907, leaving Sadeq as ruler of Bahawalpur. He was educated at Aitchison College, Lahore. At the age of 15, Sadeq fought in the Third Afghan War in 1919, was knighted in 1922 when he reached his majority and was invested with the throne two years later by the Viceroy of", "title": "Sadeq Mohammad Khan V" }, { "docid": "61634855", "text": "The is a discontinued denomination of Japanese yen issued from 1951 to 1994 in paper form. Crudely made notes were first made in an unsuccessful attempt to curb inflation at the time, and the series as a whole is broken down into three different types of note. Only the last two have a known design which feature Iwakura Tomomi on the obverse, and Mount Fuji on the reverse. Starting in 1982, new 500 yen coins began to be minted which eventually replaced their paper counterparts. While the production of 500 yen notes continued until 1984, all of the notes issued were officially withdrawn from circulation in 1994. Five hundred yen notes were allowed to retain their legal tender status, but they are now worth more on the collector's market in numismatic value than they are at their face value. Series The first series of 500 yen notes (called \"series B\") were released on April 2, 1951 with improved security features such as Watermarks. This time these new notes appeared to have been more successful, as they were issued for almost 20 years until finally being withdrawn on January 4, 1971. The final 500 yen notes are referred to as \"series C\" notes, and were issued starting on November 1, 1969 with new watermarks to enhance security. The issue came to an end on April 1, 1994 when 500 yen notes were withdrawn from circulation. Gallery See also Banknotes of the Japanese yen 500 euro note Hong Kong five hundred-dollar note Indian 500-rupee note Large denominations of United States currency Philippine five hundred peso note References Japanese yen banknotes Five-hundred-base-unit banknotes", "title": "500 yen note" }, { "docid": "255393", "text": "The rupee is the currency of the Seychelles. It is subdivided into 100 cents. In the local Seychellois Creole (Seselwa) language, it is called the roupi and roupie in French. The ISO code is SCR. The abbreviation SR is sometimes used for distinction. By population, Seychelles is the smallest country to have an independent monetary policy. Several other currencies are also called rupee. Banknotes British colony The British Legislative Council authorized the establishment of a Board of Commissioners of Currency through the Paper Currency Ordinance of 1914, which was enacted by C. R. M. O'Brien, the Governor of the Colony of the Seychelles on 10 August 1914. In 1914, the government produced emergency issues of notes for 50c, Re. 1/-, Rs. 5/- and Rs. 10/-. Standard issue notes began to be issued in 1918, with notes for 50c and Re. 1/-, followed by Rs. 5/-, Rs. 10/- and Rs. 50/- in 1928. The 50c and Re. 1/- notes were issued until 1951 and phased out in favour of coins. Rs. 20/- and Rs. 100/- notes were first introduced in 1968, whilst the Rs. 5/- note was replaced by a coin in 1972. Independent republic In 1976, the Seychelles Monetary Authority took over the issuance of paper money, issuing notes for Rs. 10/-, Rs. 25/-, Rs. 50/- and Rs. 100/-. This series featured the first President of the Seychelles, Sir James Mancham and replaced all colonial notes issued prior to independence. In 1979, there was a redesign, featuring a more socialist and modernized theme reminiscent of the René regime. This series was also issued by the Central Bank of Seychelles when it took over full responsibility in the same year. In 1989, a new series was introduced with better security features and colours. In 1998, another more high-tech series was introduced with a more practical, ergonomic design. This series later saw an additional ₨.500/- note first introduced in 2005. 2011 update On June 7, 2011, the Central Bank of Seychelles issued updated Rs. 50/-, Rs. 100/- and Rs. 500/- notes with improved security features. Each of the three banknotes has a holographic patch instead of a foil sailfish which currently appears on the notes. On the Rs. 50/- note, the silver holographic sailfish alternates between the number 50 and an image of the Aldabra rail, a flightless bird. On the Rs. 100/- note, the gold holographic sailfish alternates between the number 100 and an image of the Seychelles giant tortoise. On the Rs. 500/- note, the gold holographic sailfish alternates between the number 500 and an image of the Seychelles scops owl. Additional security upgrades include a 2.5-mm wide fluorescent security thread on the Rs. 50/- note, a 2.5-mm wide colour-shifting security thread on the Rs. 100/- note, and a 3-mm wide colour-shifting security thread on the Rs. 500/- note. The notes are also protected by De La Rue's unique Gemini technology that fluoresces under ultraviolet light but appears normal in daylight. The colour schemes of the notes have been revised,", "title": "Seychellois rupee" }, { "docid": "1597223", "text": "The rupia was the currency of Portuguese India sometime after 1668 until 1958. Prior to 1668, the currency unit was Xerafim (xerafin, xeraphin). In 1666, the Portuguese administration struck a silver coin calling it double xerafin and this was declared equal to a rupia in circulation in India outside of Portuguese possessions. A xerafim was a convertible subunit of rupia, and it was unique to Portuguese colonies in India. One rupia equalled two xerafims. In decades that followed, the double xerafin came to be known in Goa and other Portuguese Indian territories simply as rupia (or Portuguese Indian rupia) was subdivided into units such as reis (real) and pardao that mirrored the currency terms introduced by Portuguese officials in other colonies worldwide. History Before 1871, the rupia was subdivided into 750 bazarucos, 600 réis (singular: real), 20 pardaus or 10 tangas. A rupia equaled two xerafims. After 1871, 960 réis or 16 tangas (worth 60 réis) equalled 1 rupia. The rupia was equal in value to the Indian rupee. This meant the tanga was equal in value to the Indian anna. In 1958, the currency was replaced by the escudo at the rate of 1 rupia = 6 escudos. Coins Goa, Damão and Diu issued their own coinages until the middle of the 19th century. Damão issued copper 3, 15, 30 and 60 réis coins until 1854 when the mint closed. Diu issued lead and tin 5 and 10 bazarucos together with tin 20 bazarucos, copper 30 and 60 réis and silver 150 and 300 réis and 1 rupia. The Diu mint closed in 1859. Goa issued the most diverse coinage of the three mints. In addition to tin bastardo, there were copper coins in denominations of 3, , 6, , 9, 10, 12 and 15 réis, and 1 tanga, silver coins for and 1 tanga, and 1 pardau, and 1 rupia, and gold 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 xerafins. The Goa mint was closed by the British in 1869. Following the closure of the last local mint, coins were imported from Portugal beginning in 1871. This new coinage coincided with the reform of the subdivisions of the rupia. Copper coins were introduced in denominations of 3, 5, 10 and 15 réis, and 1 tanga. In 1881, copper tanga and silver , , and 1 rupia coins were introduced. Bronze replaced copper in 1901, whilst cupro-nickel 2 and 4 tangas were introduced in 1934, followed by and 1 rupia in 1947 and 1952, respectively. Banknotes The first paper money issued specifically for Portuguese India was issued by the Junta da Fazenda Pública in 1882 in denominations of 10 and 20 rupias. These were followed in 1883 by notes issued by the General Government (Governo Geral) for 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 and 500 rupias. In 1906, the Banco Nacional Ultramarino took over the issuance of paper money, issuing notes for 5, 10, 20 and 50 rupias. In 1917, notes were added for 4 and 8 tangas, 1 and rupias.", "title": "Portuguese Indian rupia" }, { "docid": "41969227", "text": "Ayynoorum Ayynthum () is a 2016 Indian Tamil-language drama film written and directed by Stanzin Raghu starring Deepak Sundararajan, Shankar, Living Smile Vidya, Chinnu Kuruvilla, T. M. Karthik, and Lakshmi Priyaa Chandramouli in the lead roles. Plot The story is about the bizarre journey of a 500-rupee note through 5 different characters and how they perceive it in their own ways. Sudalai (Deepak Sundararajan) is a superstitious goon's stooge who wants to become a don. Will he realize his dream or will his misplaced sense of self get in the way of it? Adi (Shankar) is a successful film director who is separated from his wife thanks to his philandering ways. He is desperate to redeem himself and get her back. Will he be able to? Sundari (Living Smile Vidya) is a spunky woman who works at a phone recharge shop. All she wants is to safeguard the souvenir her boyfriend gives her. Will she hold on to it? Jenny (Chinnu Kuruvilla) is a volatile, troubled woman who lives in a world where she walks a fine line between psychedelic reality and nightmarish fantasy. Will she rise above it or get sucked into a self-destructive vortex of darkness? A nameless, avant-garde revolutionary (T. M. Karthik) who lives without money ignites an unprecedented rebellion with which he threatens to raze down the hyper-capitalistic juggernaut. Though the film follows the 500-rupee note, it actually focuses on the 5 key characters whose lives are entirely and contrastingly different from each other in the way they look at money. Cast Deepak Sundararajan as Sudalai Shankar as Adi Living Smile Vidya as Sundari Chinnu Kuruvilla as Jenny T. M. Karthik as The Radical Lakshmi Priyaa Chandramouli as Anu Vishwanth Natarajan Ramesh Mourthy Vinoth Kumar Production After struggling to find producers and financing in a conventional way, the Accessible Horizon Films team decided that they had to something radical. But still, money was a big hurdle to get their scripts produced. That is when during and after several discussions about \"money\", the team decided to make their film about money (a 500-rupee note) and perceptions about it. Once the core concept \"the journey of a 500-Rupee note\" was decided, director Raghu wrote the screenplay in 15 days at a single stretch. Some of the characters of the film are loosely inspired from real life like the \"money-less revolutionary\" character played by T. M. Karthik, was inspired from people like Mark Boyle, Heidemarie Schwermer, and Suelo, among others. The casting of the film took two months with intense audition sessions held in Chennai, except for one character, Jenny, which took almost four months because of the extreme nature of the character. Several of the key cast members hail from a theater background with performances in Tamil, English, and Malayalam. The entire shooting schedule took about 21 days split over three to four schedules. A one-minute trailer drew attention as soon as a promo was released on YouTube. A 5K marathon run was conducted to promote the concept", "title": "Ayynoorum Ayynthum" }, { "docid": "54960312", "text": "Alamgir Welfare Trust () is a social welfare organization and charity in Karachi, Pakistan which provides services in a wide variety of domains including health, education and feeding the underprivileged, etc. It was established in 1993 and is headquartered at Bahadurabad, Karachi. AWT was founded by Shaheed Anwar Naseem Chandna, who was murdered in 2001. It is presently headed by Chaudary Nisar Ahmed. It first started its services by collecting left-over food from local marriage halls and distributing it amongst over 500 needy people every day. With an annual expenditure of more than 1 billion Rupees, AWT distributes about 45,000 kg. of meat each month from its Sadaqah/Aqeeqa Bakras service in jails, hospitals, madaris, poor students, orphanages, and poor population. More than 5000 packets of food are provided to jails, religious seminaries, hospitals as well as traffic police personnel and others during the month of Ramadan. AWT also has its own health care centre, Alamgir Health Care Centre. All patients are treated free of cost from Zakat fund. Leading private hospitals are on their panel. Patients needing hospitalization, investigation or surgery are referred to these hospitals where they get complete medical health free of cost. Almost 500 patients are treated and provided free medicines daily in the outpatient department of the Alamgir Health Care Centre. Ambulance services are also provided for transfers of patients. Many notable personalities have visited Alamgir's Office in Karachi including Consul-General of Japan Mr. Toshikazu Isomura and the key bearer of Kaaba, Al Sheikh Abdul Qadir Al Shaibi. References External links Charities based in Pakistan Volunteer organisations in Pakistan Social welfare charities based in Pakistan Organizations established in 1993 Organisations based in Karachi 1993 establishments in Pakistan", "title": "Alamgir Welfare Trust" }, { "docid": "63697775", "text": "Gambling is subject to heavy restrictions under Pakistani law, with certain exceptions. Legislation Gambling is illegal for citizens under the Prevention of Gambling Act 1977, which is based on the British-era Public Gambling Act of 1867. In 1978, the provincial versions of this act were brought into effect. This legislation replaced the earlier laws such as the Baluchistan Prevention of Gambling Ordinance of 1961, West Pakistan Prevention of Gambling Ordinance of 1961, Punjab Prevention of Gambling Ordinance of 1961 and the Sindh Prevention of Gambling Ordinance of 1961. Under this act, individuals found conducting gambling-related activities may face penalties of varying nature according to the circumstances. Those who knowingly operate gambling facilities may face fines of up to 1,000 rupees or a maximum imprisonment of up to one year, or both. Individuals who are discovered engaging in the act of gambling at \"common gaming houses\" are liable for fines of up to 5,000 rupees, a maximum imprisonment of one year, or both. The definition of a common gaming house includes any facility where there is evidence of gaming through the use of playing cards, dice, counters, money or instruments. For people who gamble in public places, the penalty may comprise a fine of up to 500 rupees, a maximum one year of imprisonment, or both. Likewise, individuals who are found gambling in private facilities risk a fine of up to 1,000 rupees, a term of imprisonment extending up to two years, or both. Repeat offenders may face fines extending up to 2,000 rupees or an imprisonment of up to three years, or both. The legislation grants law enforcement agencies the authority to enter and search any premises which is reported or suspected of having acting as a gaming facility. This law provides an exception for \"tourist complexes,\" which would be regulated by the relevant provincial governments, and to which only foreigners are admitted. In Pakistan, all types of gambling, known as \"maisir,\" are officially prohibited as per The Prevention of Gambling Act1 and the Penal Code of Pakistan. Despite this, in the late 90s and early 2000s betting was prevalent nationwide. There were around 60 betting shops in Karachi alone (and hundreds countrywide). References", "title": "Gambling in Pakistan" }, { "docid": "69385559", "text": "Sehat Kahani is a Pakistan-based telemedicine company. Background Sehat Kahani has a business model that responds to a societal circumstances in Pakistan whereby qualified women doctors are commonly prevented from working in hospitals. They employ women doctors, who work from home, providing tele-health services to patients in rural parts of Pakistan that are short of qualified healthcare providers. Nomenclature Sehat Kahani is Urdu for \"Story of Health.\" Organization Sehat Kahani is based in Karachi and run by Iffat Zafar Aga M.D. and Dr. Sara Saeed Khurram M.D. Sehat Kahani was in formed in February 2017 as a for-profit spin off of healthcare startup docters. Services Sehat Kahani delivers healthcare services in 35 rural clinics in Pakistan where female patients pay a fee to speak to women doctor via telemedicine. Sehat Kahani has treated over one million patients. In 2021, Sehat Kahani started a pilot program that expanded their work into 60 hospital intensive care units in Pakistan. Patients are met at clinics by a nurse, who does an initial examinations before passing patient care over to a doctor, that connects by digital video link. In 2017, the Sehat Kahani network included 500 doctors, of which most are contractors, and 30 are employees. In 2020, another 100 doctors were added with support of private donors to the network. Patients pay between 50 and 500 rupees per visit. Sehat Kahani was one of five winners of the Global 2021 We Empower United Nations Sustainable Development Goal Challenge. References External links Official website Telemedicine Pakistani companies established in 2017", "title": "Sehat Kahani" }, { "docid": "34344859", "text": "The Indian 1000-rupee banknote (1000) is an obsolete denomination of the Indian rupee. It was first introduced by the Reserve Bank of India in 1938 under British rule and subsequently demonetized in 1946. Post-independence, the denomination was re-introduced in 1954. In January 1978, all high-denomination banknotes of 1000,5000, and 10000 were demonetized in order to curb unaccounted cash money. In order to contain the volume of banknotes in circulation due to inflation, the 1000 banknote was again re-introduced in November 2000, under the government of Atal Bihari Vajpayee, as a part of the Mahatma Gandhi Series of banknotes; these were demonetized on 8 November 2016 by the Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi, with the claimed reasons of preventing the issue of counterfeit currency and to fight corruption and black money in India. Mahatma Gandhi Series Design The 1000 banknote of the Mahatma Gandhi Series is 177 × 73 mm pink-red coloured, with the obverse side featuring a portrait of Mahatma Gandhi with the signature of the governor of Reserve Bank of India. It had a Braille feature to assist the visually challenged in identifying the currency. The reverse side featured the motif of an oil rig, a satellite and a steel foundry, all together featuring the Economy of India. As of 2011, the new sign had been incorporated into banknotes of 1000. In January 2014, RBI announced that it would be withdrawing from circulation all banknotes printed prior to 2005 by 31 March 2014. The deadline was later extended to 1 January 2015, and then again to 30 June 2016. Denomination of 1,000 notes cost was 3.54. Security features The security features of the 1000 banknote included: A windowed security thread that read 'भारत' (Bharat in the Devanagari script) and 'RBI' alternately. Latent image of the value of the banknote on the vertical band next to the right hand side of Mahatma Gandhi’s portrait. Watermark of Mahatma Gandhi that is a mirror-image of the main portrait. The number panel of the banknote was printed in embedded fluorescent fibres and optically variable ink. Since 2005, additional security features (including machine-readable security thread, electrotype watermark, and year of print) appear on the bank note. Discontinuation On 8 November 2016, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced that \"Starting from midnight 8th November 2016 all 1000 banknotes of the Mahatma Gandhi Series will not be accepted as a form of legal tender\", although new 500 and 2000 banknotes of the new Mahatma Gandhi New Series were unveiled. Languages Like the other Indian rupee banknotes, the 1000 banknote had its value written in 17 languages. On the obverse, the denomination was written in English and Hindi. On the reverse is a language panel which displayed the denomination of the note in 15 of the 22 official languages of India, displayed in alphabetical order. Languages included on the panel were Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Malayalam, Marathi, Nepali, Odia, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu and Urdu. Mahatma Gandhi New Series On 10 November 2016, the then", "title": "Indian 1000-rupee note" }, { "docid": "74820506", "text": "In early September 2023, the Pakistani government under administration of the Pakistan Armed Forces initiated a crackdown targeting both individuals and organizations engaged in various forms of smuggling, with a particular focus on essential commodities such as wheat, sugar, urea, oil, dollars as well as power theft, hoarding, and illegal currency exchange. The crackdown was announced by Asim Munir. Major operations Power theft The government's crackdown against power theft, hoarding, and smuggling remains in full swing across the country. In the ongoing nationwide effort to combat power theft, authorities have successfully recovered over Rs950 million rupees with nearly 500 individuals arrested involved in electricity theft. The Senate Standing Committee on Power has commended the Power Division for its prompt and effective actions in addressing line losses and electricity theft across various DISCOs (Distribution Companies). Dollar smuggling As part of the crackdown against illegal foreign currency exchange operations, the Federal Investigation Agency (FIA) conducted raids on illicit money exchange dealers in Rawalpindi, resulting in the arrest of four individuals engaged in illegal currency exchange businesses. Others goods smuggling The government has significantly ramped up its efforts to combat sugar smuggling. Pakistan Customs in September 2023 conducted an intensified anti-smuggling campaign across the country, resulting in the seizure of essential commodities valued at 2.25 billion rupees. The seized items encompassed a wide range of essential goods, including sugar, urea, petroleum, currency, tires, black tea, vehicles, iron, steel, and various other commodities. Impact The crackdown had a substantial impact on curbing illicit activities throughout the country. It not only resulted in the recovery of substantial sums of money but also led to the apprehension of numerous individuals engaged in these unlawful practices. See also Deportation of undocumented Afghans from Pakistan 2023–2024 crackdown against Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf References Pakistan Army 2023 in Pakistan Law enforcement in Pakistan Smuggling in Pakistan", "title": "2023 Pakistan crackdown" }, { "docid": "3318881", "text": "The Rupie was the currency of German East Africa between 1890 and 1916, continuing to circulate in the Tanganyika Territory until 1920. History The Indian rupee was the dominant currency used along the East African coast during the second half of the 19th century where it had marginalized the American gold dollar and the Maria Theresa thaler. The German East Africa Company acquired rights to mint coinage in 1890 and issued rupies which were equivalent to the Indian and Zanzibar rupee. The Company retained its coinage rights even after the takeover of German East Africa by the government later in 1890. In 1904 the German government took over currency matters and established the Ostafrikanische Bank. The Rupie was initially equivalent to the Indian rupee. Until 1904, it was subdivided into 64 Pesa (equivalent to the Indian pice or paisa). The currency was decimalized on 28 February 1904, with 1 Rupie = 100 Heller, which was then adapted into the Swahili language as the word 'hela' which is still in use today meaning 'money'. At the same time, a fixed exchange rate of 15 Rupien = 20 German Mark was established. In 1915 and 1916 in the period of fighting in East Africa during World War I a large series of emergency issues of paper money were issued. 1916 also saw a final issue of coins to pay German led troops, including 15 Rupien coins which contained an equivalent amount of gold from the Sekenke Gold Mine to equal 15 German Marks. Later in 1916 German East Africa was occupied by British and Belgian forces. In Tanganyika, the Rupie circulated alongside the East African rupee (to which it was equal) until 1920, when both were replaced by the East African florin at par. In Burundi and Rwanda, the Belgian Congolese franc replaced the Rupie in 1916. Coins In 1890, copper 1 Pesa and silver 1 and 2 Rupie coins were introduced, followed the next year by silver and Rupie and in 1893 by silver 2 Rupien coins. The silver coins were minted to the same standard as the Indian rupee. As a consequence of decimalization, bronze and 1 Heller were introduced in 1904, followed by bronze 5 Heller and holed, cupro-nickel 10 Heller in 1908. In 1913, holed, cupro-nickel 5 Heller were introduced. The 1916 issues were minted at Tabora as a wartime emergency coinage. A total of 302,940 brass 5 Heller were issued. In addition, both copper (325,000) and brass (1,307,760) 20 Heller coins were produced, a quantity that allows them to remain readily available for collectors. In addition 16,198 of the gold 15 Rupien mentioned above were produced. While the smaller valued coins were crudely struck, the gold pieces received fine detail. Banknotes In 1905, the Deutsch-Ostafrikanische Bank introduced notes for 5, 10, 50, and 100 Rupien, and 500 Rupien in 1912. Between 1915 and 1917, World War I emergency issue (interim) notes were produced in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 200 Rupien. Emergency issue (provisional", "title": "German East African rupie" }, { "docid": "1660046", "text": "The Qatari riyal (sign: QR in Latin, in Arabic; ISO code: QAR) is the currency of the State of Qatar. It is divided into 100 dirhams (). History Until 1966, Qatar used the Indian rupee as its currency, in the form of Gulf rupees. When India devalued the rupee in 1966, Qatar, along with the other states using the Gulf rupee, chose to introduce its own currency. Before doing so, Qatar briefly adopted the Saudi riyal, then introduced the Qatar and Dubai riyal following the signing of the Qatar-Dubai Currency Agreement on 21 March 1966. The Saudi riyal was worth 1.065 Gulf rupees, whilst the Qatar and Dubai riyal was equal to the Gulf rupee prior to its devaluation. Initially pegged with sterling at one shilling and six pence (1s. 6d.) per riyal, its value was changed to one shilling and nine pence (1s. 9d.) when sterling was devalued in 1967, maintaining its value in relation to gold. Following Dubai's entry into the United Arab Emirates, Qatar began issuing the Qatari riyal separate from Dubai on 19 May 1973. The old notes continued to circulate in parallel for 90 days, at which time they were withdrawn. For a wider history surrounding currency in the region, see the history of British currency in the Middle East. Coins In 1966, coins were introduced in the name of Qatar and Dubai for 1, 5, 10, 25, and 50 dirhams. In 1973, a new series of coins was introduced in the same sizes and compositions as the earlier pieces but in the name of Qatar only. Only 25 and 50 dirham coins are now circulated, although smaller coins remain legal tender. Banknotes On September 18, 1966, the Qatar & Dubai Currency Board introduced notes for 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 riyals. These were replaced on 19 May 1973 by notes of the Qatar Monetary Agency in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 100, and 500 riyals; a 50 riyal note was issued in 1976. The Qatar Central Bank was established by decree 15 on 5 August 1973. All coins and notes issued by the Qatar Monetary Agency became the property of the bank but continued to circulate for several years. In 2003, the Fourth Series was issued and on September 26, 2007, the revised of 100 and 500 riyal was issued, follow the revised of the 1, 5, 10, 50 on September 15, 2008. On December 13, 2020, the Qatar Central Bank issued its fifth series of banknotes for circulation. Included in this series is the 200 riyal banknote. The front side of the notes share a common design based on traditional geometric patterns, the Flag of Qatar, Qatari flora and a gate representing historic Qatari architecture. Qatar issued a commemorative 22 riyal note for the 2022 FIFA World Cup. Fixed exchange rate The Qatari riyal is pegged to the US dollar at a fixed exchange rate of US$1 = QR 3.64. This rate was enshrined into Qatari law by Royal Decree No.34", "title": "Qatari riyal" }, { "docid": "73856580", "text": "The Pakistani 5-rupee coin () is a denomination of the Pakistani rupee. The 5-rupee coin is an alloy comprising 79 percent copper, 20 percent zinc, and 1 percent nickel. It weighs 3 grams and measures 18.5 mm in diameter. History The 5-rupee coin was introduced in December 2002 by the State Bank of Pakistan. Obverse On the obverse, it presents a design featuring a waxing crescent moon and a north-west facing five-pointed star in an ascending position. The phrase \"Islami Jamhoria Pakistan\" is inscribed at the top, with the issue year marked at the bottom, located between two upward-curving wheat sprigs. The coin's edge is adorned with a pattern of small beads. Reverse The reverse side is surrounded by a floral wreath that is interrupted by the points of a central five-pointed star. The coin's face value, displayed as \"5\" and \"Rupee\" in Urdu script, is positioned at the heart of the star. The coin's periphery is uniformly bordered with a beading pattern. References Five-base-unit coins Coins of Pakistan Currencies introduced in 2002 Rupee", "title": "Pakistani 5-rupee coin" }, { "docid": "3679973", "text": "The Afghan rupee was the currency of Afghanistan between the mid-18th century and early 20th century. It was subdivided into 60 paisa, each of 10 dinar. Other denominations issued included the shahi of 5 paisa, the sanar of 10 paisa, the abbasi of 20 paisa, the qiran of rupee and the tilla and later the amani, both of Rs. 10/-. Before 1891, silver rupees circulated with copper falus and gold mohur. The three metals had no fixed exchange rate between them, with different regions issuing their own coins. That year, a new currency was introduced, based on the Kabuli rupee and replacing both that and its Kandahari variant. The Afghan rupee was replaced in 1923 by the Afghani. The Afghan rupee was put into circulation by Afghan Emperor Ahmad Shah Durrani in 1754. The rupee itself was first issued by Sher Shah Suri during his rule of Sur Empire in the sixteenth century; India still uses its own variant of the rupee (along with Pakistan - see Pakistani rupee - since its creation in 1947). Banknotes In 1919 following Amanullah Khan's accession to the throne, Treasury notes were introduced for the first time in denominations of Re. 1/-, Rs. 5/-, Rs. 10/-, Rs. 50/- and Rs. 100/-. Text on the note was written in Persian only. Coins See also Afghan afghani Afghan pul Economy of Afghanistan References External links Modern obsolete currencies Currencies of Afghanistan 1923 disestablishments 1891 establishments by country", "title": "Afghan rupee" }, { "docid": "68310662", "text": "Many European trading companies came to India's during the 18th century. These trading companies set up private banks which issued paper currencies in Indian subcontinent first. But these notes were text-based. Charles Canning, 1st Earl Canning first introduced paper currency in Indian subcontinent in 1861 officially. India has a rich tradition of financial instruments and hundi. In the modern sense, paper currency was introduced in India in the last half of the eighteenth century when private and semi-public banks began to introduce currency. The Paper Currency Act, 1861 gave the Government of India the exclusive right to print and circulate banknotes and thereby abolishes the printing and circulation of banknotes by the private Presidency Banks. Until the establishment of the Reserve Bank of India on 1 April 1935, the Government of India continued to print and issue banknotes. Reason The expansionist strategies of the East India Company led Bengal to a scarcity of gold and silver bullion. Sensing an emerging credit crisis, the British official introduced paper currency in India. Historical overview Warren Hastings established the Bank of Hindostan (1770–1832) which was considered the general bank in Bengal and Bihar (1773–75) and the Bank of Bengal (1784–91) issued the bank notes initially. The government formed by the East India Company didn't recognize these paper currencies officially. These were restricted promissory currencies and only legal for private uses. Because of financial mishandling, the three banks were shut down and these notes were non-starters even in 1832. After the enactment of the paper currency act in 1861, a series of banknotes and coins were issued in the honor of Queen Victoria in 1862 with her portrait on them. As the business of counterfeit notes increased, this new chain was introduced in 1867 and was divided into 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500, 1,000 and 10,000 rupees notes. In 1923, another series with the portrait of George V was introduced. It was divided into 1, 26, 5, 10, 50, 100, 1,000 and 10,000 rupees notes. In January 1936, the Reserve Bank of India first issued five rupee notes containing the portrait of King George VI. Then in 10 February rupee notes, in March 100 rupee notes and in June 1938 1000 and 10000 rupee notes were released. Notes with a portrait of King George VI were issued in 1948 and later until 1950, after which notes with a picture of the Ashoka Pillar were issued. References Ancient currencies Economic history of India", "title": "History of paper currency in Indian subcontinent" }, { "docid": "28054632", "text": "The rupee sign \"₨\" is a currency sign used to represent the monetary unit of account in Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Mauritius, Seychelles, and formerly in India. It resembles, and is often written as, the Latin character sequence \"Rs\", of which (as a single character) it is an orthographic ligature. It is common to find a punctuation mark between the rupee symbol and the digits denoting the amount, for example \"Re: 1\" (for one unit), or \"Rs. 140\" (for more than one rupee). On 15 July 2010, India introduced a new currency symbol, the Indian rupee sign, . This sign is a combination of the Devanagari letter र (ra) and the Latin capital letter R without its vertical bar (similar to the R rotunda). In Unicode Rp Rp is the standard abbreviation for the Indonesian rupiah. Legacy encoding This symbol is not present as a separate code point in ISCII or PASCII. Notes References Sign Currency symbols", "title": "Rupee sign" }, { "docid": "3817154", "text": "The rupee () was the currency of Zanzibar from 1908 to December 31, 1935. It was subdivided into 100 cents (Arabic: سنت). History The rupee replaced the Zanzibari ryal at a rate of 2⅛ rupees = 1 ryal and was equivalent to the Indian rupee, which was also in circulation. The Zanzibari rupee remained equal to the Indian rupee and was replaced on January 1, 1936, by the East African shilling at the rate of 1½ East African shillings = 1 Zanzibari rupee. Coins Bronze coins were introduced in 1908 in denominations of 1 and 10 cents, together with nickel 20 cents. No further issues of coins were made. Banknotes In 1908, banknotes were introduced by the government of Zanzibar in denominations of 5, 10, 20, and 100 rupees. 50- and 500-rupee notes were added in 1916, and 1-rupee notes were issued in 1920. All Zanzibari notes were withdrawn in 1936. All of these notes are very rare and valuable. References Cited sources Further reading External links History of Zanzibar (archived 14 December 2005) Currencies of Africa Currencies of the British Empire Modern obsolete currencies Economy of Tanzania History of Zanzibar 1908 establishments in Zanzibar 1935 disestablishments Sultanate of Zanzibar", "title": "Zanzibari rupee" }, { "docid": "73765770", "text": "The Corps Commander House, Lahore, (), also known as Jinnah House, is a historical bungalow in Lahore Cantonment. It is the official residence of the Lahore Corps Commander. History Corps Commander House, Lahore was originally owned by Mohan Lal Bashin. During the British rule, the British Indian Army acquired the property on rent for a symbolic five rupees per month under the Defence of India Rules. In 1943, Muhammad Ali Jinnah acquired the property from Mohan Lal Bashin. After Jinnah purchased the house, he engaged in correspondence with the British military officials for over a year, seeking to reclaim his property and objecting to the changes made to the building. Despite the efforts of mediators appointed by the Punjab's Secretary of Interior, it remains unclear whether Jinnah successfully vacated the house or increased the rent to his desired amount of 700 rupees. As the partition of India approached, the British Indian Army informed Jinnah of their decision to vacate the bungalow by August 31, 1947, upon learning of his appointment as the first Governor-General of Pakistan. However, due to personal engagements, Jinnah could not take possession of the house, and the lease was extended until January 31, 1948. Jinnah died in 1948. Following his death, the property was handed over to his representative Syed Maratib Ali, the father of Syed Babar Ali, in January 1948, having previously been requisitioned by the British Army. Later, in the same year, the Pakistan Army reasserted control over the property, offering a monthly rent of Rs 500 to his sisters, Fatima Jinnah and Shireen Jinnah. In 1959, during the presidency of Muhammad Ayub Khan, the house was sold to the Armed Forces of Pakistan for three and a half lakh rupees, with the proceeds deposited into the Jinnah Trust Fund. Since then, the property serves as the official residence for the Corps Commander of Lahore. In 2007, the Federal Board of Revenue unearthed historical documentation revealing that Mohammed Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan, once owned the Corps Commander House in Lahore. The revelation ignited a dispute between the military and civilian administrations, as the army staunchly resisted relinquishing their entitlement to the property. According to the Pakistan Army, the property was acquired by them from Fatima Jinnah, Mohammed Ali Jinnah's sister, for . Damage on 9 May 2023 On 9 May 2023, Imran Khan was arrested, stirring nationwide violence. During the ensuing violence, the building and its contents were damaged. The official government and the ex-Prime Minister claims of the causes and culprits behind the violence are in disagreement with each other. Government claims According to a press release from Inter-Services Public Relations, the media wing of Pakistan Army, Khan's arrest was legal. Immediately after the arrest, an organized plan was carried out to attack property and installations of the army, while chanting slogans against the forces. The army observed extreme patience, prudence, and restraint. Imran Khan's claims In an interview with Fareed Zakaria, the former prime minister Imran Khan claimed that the", "title": "Corps Commander House, Lahore" }, { "docid": "28648158", "text": "Chenab Limited, commonly known as Chenab Group (), is a Pakistani conglomerate based in Faisalabad, Pakistan. It was one of the largest exporters of home textile products from Pakistan before its default in 2013. History It was set up in 1974 as Chenab Fabrics & Processing Mills Limited and later converted to Chenab Limited, and is traded on the Pakistan Stock Exchange. It was founded by Mian Muhammad Latif and his father, Haji Muhammad Saleem who was a cotton industrialist in Toba Tek Singh District. Mian Muhammad Latif, the group's chairman, laid the foundation by setting up a processing unit in Faisalabad, later joined by his younger brothers, Mian Muhammad Naeem and Mian Javed Iqbal. Chenab Group soon started exporting its products worldwide and by the 1990s, it started exporting to 35 countries worldwide. Chenab is a vertically integrated unit with having complete operation range from ginning to retailing. The Group's textile mills division was listed on Karachi Stock Exchange in 2004. The Group's downfall began in 2007-8 when it sustained four billion Pakistani Rupees in losses. As per last annual report (ending June 2014), it has negative equity of Pakistani Rupees 4.7 billion and the auditors state, \"in our opinion, because of the significance of the matters discussed ...the balance sheet, profit and loss account, statement of comprehensive income, cash flow statement and statement of changes in equity together with the notes forming part thereof, do not conform with approved accounting standards as applicable in Pakistan and do not give the information required by the Companies Ordinance 1984 in a manner so required and do not give a true and fair view of the state of the Companies affairs...\". The last annual report also confirms that the company is in violation of the Pakistani Code of Corporate Governance, has no independent directors on its board. Its 2013 Annual report includes a statement from the company auditors that the company violates the Pakistan Code of Corporate Governance as none of the directors have attended a directors training course. Equipment Chenab's textile unit used to process and convert more than 70 million meters of fabric every year into made-ups and garment products. Chenab is capable of producing multiple products. Chenab has 19,200 spindles at its spinning unit with in-house space of . Chenab's weaving unit is equipped with 250 airjet looms and 380 auto-looms. Chenab's processing unit is the largest in the country with a complete processing range from dying to finishing. Chenab is also equipped with a stitching unit for ready-made garments. However, current utilization of the units is now at 25% of their capacity. To make itself more independent in generating power supply for its own units, Chenab Group has set up a 12.6 mega-watt natural-gas-based power generation facility with heat exchangers and boilers for its operation. References External links Chenab Group website Chen One 1974 establishments in Pakistan Textile companies of Pakistan Conglomerate companies of Pakistan Conglomerate companies established in 1974 Manufacturing companies of Pakistan Companies based in", "title": "Chenab Limited" }, { "docid": "34345670", "text": "The Indian 500-rupee banknote (500) is a denomination of the Indian rupee. In 1987, the ₹500 note was introduced, followed by the ₹1,000 note in the year. The current ₹500 banknote, in circulation since 10 November 2016, is a part of the Mahatma Gandhi New Series. The previous banknotes of the Mahatma Gandhi Series, in circulation between October 1997 and November 2016, were demonetised on November 8, 2016. History The Indian 500-rupee banknote (₹500) is a denomination of the Indian rupee. In 1987, the ₹500 note was introduced, followed by the ₹1,000 note in 2000 while ₹1 and ₹2 notes were discontinued in 1995. The current ₹500 banknote, in circulation since 10 November 2016, is a part of the Mahatma Gandhi New Series. The previous banknotes of the Mahatma Gandhi Series, in circulation between October 1997 and November 2016, were demonetised on 8 November 2016. On 8 November 2016, Indian prime minister Narendra Modi announced the demonetization of the ₹500 banknotes of the Mahatma Gandhi Series as a measure to fight corruption in India and address the issue of counterfeit banknotes. On 10 November 2016, the previous banknote was replaced by a new 500 banknote of the Mahatma Gandhi New Series of banknotes. Mahatma Gandhi Series Design The 500 banknote of the Mahatma Gandhi Series is 167 × 73 mm orange-yellow coloured, with the obverse side featuring a portrait of Mahatma Gandhi with a signature of the governor of the Reserve Bank of India. It has the Braille feature to assist the visually challenged in identifying the currency. The reverse side features the Gyarah Murti. As of 2011, the new sign has been incorporated into banknote of 500. In January 2014 RBI announced that it would be withdrawing from circulation all banknotes printed prior to 2005 by 31 March 2014. The deadline was later extended to 1 January 2015. Further deadline was extended until 30 June 2016. Security features The security features of the 500 banknote includes: A windowed security thread that reads 'भारत' (Bharat in the Devanagari script) and 'RBI' alternately. Latent image of the value of the banknote on the vertical band next to the right hand side of Mahatma Gandhi’s portrait. Watermark of Mahatma Gandhi that is a mirror image of the main portrait. The number panel of the banknote is printed in embedded fluorescent fibers and optically variable ink. Since 2005 additional security features like machine-readable security thread, electrotype watermark, and year of print appears on the bank note. Discontinuation Starting from midnight 8 November 2016 all ₹500 and ₹1000 banknotes of the Mahatma Gandhi Series ceased to be a form of legal tender after a televised address to India by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. Mahatma Gandhi New Series Design The 500 banknote of the Mahatma Gandhi New Series is 66mm x 150mm Stone Grey coloured, with the obverse side featuring a portrait of Mahatma Gandhi as well as the Ashoka Pillar Emblem, with the signature of the governor of Reserve Bank of India. It has", "title": "Indian 500-rupee note" }, { "docid": "52227669", "text": "The Mahatma Gandhi New Series of banknotes are issued by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) as the legal tender of the Indian rupee (), intended to replace the Mahatma Gandhi Series of banknotes. Announced on 8 November 2016, it followed the demonetisation of 500 and 1000 banknotes of the original Mahatma Gandhi Series. Similar to the preceding series of banknotes, the obverse of the Mahatma Gandhi New Series banknotes also prominently displays the portrait of Mahatma Gandhi. The logo of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan is also printed on the back of the banknotes of this series. The first banknotes issued in the New Series were the denominations of 500 and 2000, and are in circulation since 10 November 2016. While the 500 note is still being printed, the 2000 note was last issued date 2017. The RBI announced on 18 August 2017 that it would soon issue a new 50 note. RBI announced the specifications of new denomination of ₹200 note in the Mahatma Gandhi New Series, bearing signature of Dr. Urjit R. Patel, Governor of the Reserve Bank of India on 25 August 2017. The Reserve Bank of India has also issued 10 denomination banknotes in the Mahatma Gandhi New Series. The new denomination has a motif of the Sun Temple, Konark on the reverse, depicting the country's cultural heritage. The base colour of the note is Chocolate brown. The RBI announced on 19 July 2018 that it would shortly issue a new 100 note. The new denomination has a motif of the Rani Ki Vav (the Queen's Stepwell), a UNESCO World Heritage site in Patan in Gujarat, India on the reverse, depicting the country's cultural heritage. The base colour of the note is Lavender. The Reserve Bank of India has announced on 26 April 2019 that it would shortly issue a new 20 note. The new denomination has a motif of Ellora Caves, a UNESCO World Heritage site in Aurangabad district, Maharashtra, India on the reverse, depicting the country's cultural heritage continuing with the theme in the Mahatma Gandhi New Series banknotes. In May 2023, the Reserve Bank of India announced its decision to withdraw the ₹2,000 notes from circulation. Despite this, the notes will remain legal tender and can be exchanged (20,000 Rupees max) or deposited in bank accounts until September 30, 2023. Security features The security features of the Mahatma Gandhi New Series banknotes are as follows: See-through registration device: Consisting of the numeral denomination at the lower left part of the notes on the front and at the lower right of the notes on the back. Used for the 10, 20, 50, 100, 200,500 and 2000. Novel numbering: A set of six digit serial numbers that increase in size from left to right. These serial numbers are located on the top left and bottom right side on the front of the notes. Latent image: Located on the lower left part of the note's front, when tilted, the denomination is seen within the panel near the", "title": "Mahatma Gandhi New Series" }, { "docid": "3471971", "text": "The Higher Education Commission (colloquially known as HEC) is a statutory body formed by the Government of Pakistan which was established in 2002 under the Chairmanship of Atta-ur-Rahman. Its main functions are funding, overseeing, regulating and accrediting the higher education institutions in the country. It was first established in 1974 as University Grants Commission (UGC), and came into its modern form on 11 September 2002 after Atta-ur-Rahman's reforms, which received international praise. The commission is responsible for formulating higher education policy and quality assurance to meet the international standards as well as providing accrediting academic degrees, development of new institutions and uplift of existing institutions in Pakistan. The commission also facilitated the development of higher educational system in the country with the main purpose of upgrading the universities and degree awarding institutes in the country to be focal point of the high learning of education, research and development. Over several years, it has played an important and leading role towards building a knowledge-based economy in Pakistan by giving out hundreds of doctoral scholarships for education abroad every year. History 1947–1971: Genesis and development At the time of establishment of Pakistan on 14 August 1947, the country had only one institution of higher learning, University of the Punjab and among forty colleges expanded to four provinces of Pakistan. Education policy revised by Prime Minister of Pakistan Liaquat Ali Khan, the government established various universities and colleges in all over the country. The same year, Mohammad Ali Jinnah held a National Education Conference (also known as Pakistan Education Conference) of academicians and state holders to revise the policy of higher education in the country, as he stated: Many recommendations were directed and accepted by the government to established the University Grants Commission as a federal regulatory institution. Efforts led by Prime Minister Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy led to the imposition of Soviet-oriented first five-year plans which explained the first official education policy in 1956. The first plan was an attempt to make education development suitable for the socio-economic development in the country. In the 1960s, the financial policies and economic programs introduced by President of Pakistan Ayub Khan greatly emphasized to importance of higher education in the country. A significant proportion of the budget was actually spent to promote higher education efforts in the country. Thesis written by Usman Ali Isani pointed out that 912 million rupees were spent annually for the fiscal period of 1960–65 in a joint collaboration led by Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Federal Education and Professional Training (the then called Ministry of Education), University Grants Commission and Planning Commission. Colleges were transformed into full-scale research universities and special research institutes were established in all over the country. According to the calculations performed by the Statistics Division and published by Isani, around 430,000 students were enrolled in different universities to pursue their higher education over the fiscal period of 1960–65. From 1965 to 1971, the government spent 173.8 million rupees on the education sector as opposed to actual allocations", "title": "Higher Education Commission (Pakistan)" }, { "docid": "52207448", "text": "The 2000 rupee note was introduced by the Reserve Bank of India on 8 November 2016. The introduction of this denomination of the Indian rupee was part of the government's demonetization exercise aimed at curbing corruption, black money and counterfeit currency. On the same day, the Indian government announced the demonetization of the existing 500 rupee and 1000 rupee notes. The intention behind demonetization was to invalidate the old notes to disrupt illegal activities and promote a shift towards digital transactions. Initially, the circulation of the 2000 rupee note was limited due to the demonetization exercise and the subsequent re-calibration of ATMs and cash distribution systems. However, as the process unfolded, the note became more widely available for circulation. History It was released by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) on 8 November 2016 after the demonetisation of ₹500 and ₹1000 banknotes and has been in circulation since 10 November 2016. It is a part of the Mahatma Gandhi New Series of banknotes with a completely new design. This was the highest currency note printed by RBI that was in active circulation, ever since the 1,000 rupee note was demonetised in November 2016. Before the official announcement by RBI, the media reported that ₹2000 notes had been printed from the currency printing press in Mysuru by the end of October 2016. Post 2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, seven new currency notes have been announced by the Reserve Bank of India-- ₹2,000, ₹500, ₹200, ₹100, ₹50, ₹20, and ₹10. According to the RBI data, there were 3,285.87 million pieces of ₹2000 notes in circulation at end-March 2017. A year after (on March 31, 2018), there was only a marginal increase in the number at 3,363.28 million pieces. Of the total currency in circulation amounting to ₹18,037 billion at end-March 2018, ₹2000 notes accounted for 37.3 percent, down from 50.2 percent at end-March 2017. The share has come down to 22.6 per cent at end-March 2020. The ₹2,000 note was created as a quick fix, to have enough circulation of currency. With lower denominations available in circulation, the Indian government and the RBI has rolled back ₹2,000 notes from circulation. Under the rationale that the ₹2000 note was being used for hoarding and tax evasion, RBI has stopped the printing of banknotes of ₹2000 denomination and no new notes of this denomination were printed during the 2019-20 financial year. Withdrawal On 20 May 2023, the Reserve Bank of India announced its decision to withdraw the ₹2,000 notes from circulation. Despite this, the notes will remain legal tender and can be exchanged or deposited in bank accounts until 30 September 2023, after which the banknote was demonetised. In addition, banks were instructed not to issue 2,000-rupee notes and to increase their staff and counters to handle the expected surge in transactions. The government clarified that this measure is not a \"demonetisation\" effort. However, the announcement caused some concern among the public, with comparisons being made to the previous demonetisation initiative. While certain BJP lawmakers", "title": "Indian 2000-rupee note" }, { "docid": "3301023", "text": "The rupee was the currency of Burma (now Myanmar) between 1852 and 1952, except for the years 1943–1945. History When Burma was conquered by the British, the Indian rupee replaced the kyat at par. From 1897, the government of India issued notes in Rangoon of the same general type as were issued in India but featuring languages used in Burma rather than those of India. In 1917 and again from 1927, Indian notes were overprinted for use in Burma. When Burma became a separate colony in 1937, a separate issue of paper money was made for use only in Burma but no separate coinage was issued. When the Japanese invaded Burma in 1942, they introduced a new currency: the rupee, divided into 100 cents. This currency was only issued in paper form. The rupee was replaced by the kyat in 1943. In 1945, the Japanese occupation currency was declared worthless and Burma reverted to using Indian coinage and its own rupee paper money, with the pre-war value of the Burmese rupee restored. Following independence in 1948, Burma introduced its own rupee currency, consisting of coins and banknotes. One rupee was divided into 16 pe (equal to the Indian anna), each of 4 pyas (equal to the Indian pice). The rupee was replaced by the kyat in 1952 at par. Coins In 1949, coins were introduced in denominations of 2 pya, 1, 2, 4 and 8 pe. They matched the size, shapes, and cupro-nickel composition of the Indian , 1 and 2 annas and and rupee. The reverse on all of these coins featured the chinthe, which is a mythical lion-dragon beast, and a stylized floral design with the denominations in Burmese on the reverse. Banknotes Between 1897 and 1922, notes for 5, 10 and 100 rupees were issued which differed from the Indian notes only in the languages used. In 1917, Indian rupees notes were overprinted for use in Burma, with 50 rupees in 1927 and 100 rupees between 1927 and 1937 also being overprinted for the same purpose. In 1937, 5, 10 and 100 rupees notes of the Reserve Bank of India were overprinted with the text \"Legal Tender in Burma Only\". In 1938, the first regular issue of Burmese notes was made by the Reserve Bank of India, in denominations of 5, 10, 100, 1000 and 10,000 rupees. In 1942, the Japanese issued notes for 1, 5 and 10 cents and , , 1, 5, 10 and 100 rupees. These were replaced in 1944 by notes issued in 1, 5, 10, and 100 kyats, also known as the short lived Second Burmese kyat. In 1945, the Military Administration issued overprinted Indian notes for 1, 5, 10 and 100 rupees to replace the Japanese issued kyat notes. In 1947, the Burma Currency Board took over the issuance of paper money, with notes for 1, 5, 10 and 100 rupees. Following independence in 1948, the government issued notes for the same denominations. In 1953, the Union Bank of Burma issued", "title": "Burmese rupee" }, { "docid": "57377656", "text": "The Lion Capital Series were a series of currency notes issued after India declared its independence from Great Britain and used until the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) introduced the Mahatma Gandhi Series in 1996 with banknotes in denominations of 10 and 500 rupees, and were designed with the image of the Lion Capital of Ashoka, the National Emblem which replaced the George VI banknote series. The first banknotes printed after India achieved its independence was a 1-rupee note. Lion Capital Series Banknotes I Lion Capital Series Banknotes II Gallery See also Indian rupee Mahatma Gandhi Series Mahatma Gandhi New Series References Banknotes of India Portraits on banknotes Lions in popular culture", "title": "Lion Capital Series" }, { "docid": "56232849", "text": "The Indian 1-rupee note (₹1) is made up of hundred 100 paise as ₹1 = 100 paise. Currently, it is the smallest Indian banknote in circulation and the only one being issued by the Government of India, as all other banknotes in circulation are issued by the Reserve Bank of India. As a result, the one rupee note is the only note bearing the signature of the Finance Secretary and not the Governor of the RBI. Predominantly pinkish green paper is used during printing. The 1-rupee note was first introduced on 30 November 1917, but printing was discontinued in 1926. Printing then restarted in 1940 and continued until 1994, when it was stopped again due to cost-cutting measures. Printing resumed for a second time in 2015. The newly-printed notes were first released on 5 March 2015 at Srinathji Temple, Rajasthan by Rajiv Mehrishi, Finance Secretary. Once again RBI decided to issue these notes as per publication in The Gazette of India on 7 February 2020. Languages As like the other Indian rupee banknotes, the 1 banknote has its amount written in 17 languages. On the obverse, the denomination is written in English and Hindi. On the reverse is a language panel which displays the denomination of the note in 15 of the 22 official languages of India. The languages are displayed in alphabetical order. Languages included on the panel are Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Malayalam, Marathi, Nepali, Odia, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu and Urdu. Gallery References Rupee Banknotes of India One-base-unit banknotes", "title": "Indian 1-rupee note" }, { "docid": "74559705", "text": "Two taka is a metal coin of Bangladeshi taka. The two taka currency was first issued in 2004. Two taka coins are currently in use in Bangladesh. History Until the Liberation War in Bangladesh in 1971, the Pakistani rupee was the currency of the country. Bangladeshi currency was first issued on March 4, 1972 after the independence of Bangladesh. The official currency was named Taka, later \"৳\" was designated as the symbol of Taka. The minimum unit of money fixed is one rupee. And a percentage of money is called Paisa. That is, ৳1 is equal to 100 paise. In 1973, 5 paisa, 10 paisa, 25 paisa and 50 paisa were introduced. design On 29 December 1988, the second “Government Note” of Rs 2 was issued. In 2004, 2 rupees coin made of \"Steel\" was issued. The obverse of the design of this coin had the national symbol of Bangladesh. At the center of the national emblem is a lotus flower floating in water, surrounded by two grains of rice. Three intertwined jute leaves at top and four stars in total, two each on either side of leaf. The obverse of this coin has two children (boy and girl) reading a book. The coin also had the year of issue, the inscription Bangladesh, the value of the coin in numerals and languages, and the slogan \"Education for All\". In 2013, the government signed an agreement with a Japanese company to produce 500 million metal coins (coins) worth two taka. The obverse of this coin had the national symbol of Bangladesh and the reverse had the portrait of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. See also Bangladeshi taka Economy of Bangladesh Paisa References Metal coins of Bangladesh", "title": "Bangladeshi two-taka coin" }, { "docid": "228246", "text": "Rupee is the common name for the currencies of India, Mauritius, Nepal, Pakistan, Seychelles, and Sri Lanka, and of former currencies of Afghanistan, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, the United Arab Emirates (as the Gulf rupee), British East Africa, Burma, German East Africa (as Rupie/Rupien), and Tibet. In Indonesia and the Maldives, the unit of currency is known as rupiah and rufiyaa respectively, cognates of the word rupee. The Indian rupees () and Pakistani rupees () are subdivided into one hundred paise (singular paisa) or pice. The Nepalese rupee (रू) subdivides into one hundred paisa (singular and plural) or four sukaas. The Mauritian, Seychellois, and Sri Lankan rupees subdivide into 100 cents. Etymology The Hindustani word rupayā () is derived from the Sanskrit word rūpya (), which means \"wrought silver, a coin of silver\", in origin an adjective meaning \"shapely\", with a more specific meaning of \"stamped, impressed\", whence \"coin\". It is derived from the noun rūpa () \"shape, likeness, image\". History The history of the rupee traces back to Ancient India circa 3rd century BC. Ancient India was one of the earliest issuers of coins in the world, along with the Lydian staters, several other Middle Eastern coinages and the Chinese wen. The term is from rūpya, a Sanskrit term for silver coin, from Sanskrit rūpa, beautiful form. Arthashastra, written by Chanakya, chief adviser to the first Maurya emperor Chandragupta Maurya (c. 340–290 BCE), mentions silver coins as rūpyarūpa, other types including gold coins (rūpya-suvarṇa), copper coins (tāmrarūpa) and lead coins (sīsarūpa) are mentioned. Rūpa means form or shape, example, rūpyarūpa, rūpya – wrought silver, rūpa – form. This coinage system continued more or less across the Indian subcontinent well till 20th century. In the intermediate times there was no fixed monetary system as reported by the Da Tang Xi Yu Ji. During his reign from 1538/1540 to 1545, Sher Shah Suri of the Sur Empire set up a new civic and military administration and issued a coin of silver, weighing 178 grains, which was also termed the Rupiya. Suri also introduced copper coins called dam and gold coins called mohur that weighed 169 grains (10.95 g). The use of the rupee coin continued under the Mughal Empire with the same standard and weight, though some rulers after Mughal Emperor Akbar occasionally issued heavier rupees. The European powers started minting coinage as early as mid-17th century, under patronage of Mughal Empire. The British gold coins were termed Carolina, the silver coins Anglina, the copper coins Cupperoon and tin coins Tinny. The coins of Bengal were developed in the Mughal style and those of Madras mostly in a South Indian style. The English coins of Western India developed along Mughal as well as English patterns. It was only in AD 1717 that the British obtained permission from the Emperor Farrukh Siyar to coin Mughal money at the Bombay mint. By early 1830, the British had become the dominant power in India and started minting coinage independently. The Coinage Act of 1835 provided", "title": "Rupee" }, { "docid": "48558339", "text": "The Balloki Power Plant is a 1,223 MW natural gas power plant completed in mid 2018 in Pattoki, in the Punjab province of Pakistan. Groundbreaking was commenced on November 11, 2015, and construction was scheduled for completion by December 2017. The project utilizes regasified liquefied natural gas (RLNG) for fuel, with diesel as an alternate backup. A 40 kilometer long transmission line with a capacity of 500 kilovolts was also constructed between the new plant and a grid station in southern Lahore. Bidding was open to international firms for the 82 billion rupee project. China's Harbin Electric Company was announced as the lowest evaluated bidder for the project on October 2, 2015, having offered a levelized electricity cost of 7.973 cents per unit, outbidding the Turkish conglomerate Enka İnşaat ve Sanayi A.Ş. and GE Consortium which both stood in second with 8.185 cents per unit tariff, followed by China Machinery Eng Co (CMEC) & SEFC at 8.304 cents, and Hyundai Engineering at 8.332 cents per unit. Project Financing Plans for the project call for private sector investment to construct the plant, with the private company then selling electricity to the government of Pakistan at pre-negotiated rates. It is not financed under CPEC projects. As the project is to be constructed largely by the private sector, financing loans for the project do not fall under the concessionary loan agreement which finances CPEC projects, but it will still qualify for subsidized loans with an interest rate of 5% which are to be dispersed by the Exim Bank of China. For comparison, loans for previous Pakistani infrastructure projects financed by the World Bank carried an interest rate between 5% and 8.5%, while interest rates on market loans approach 12%. Project Troubles Along with its sister Bhikki plant, the site faces issues with power generation. The Chief Justice of Pakistan (CJP) was given notice of zero power generation by the plants and issued investigations. In November 2019, then PM of Pakistan Imran Khan wished to privatize the Balloki power plant along with a few others. See also List of power stations in Pakistan List of barrages and headworks in Pakistan Head Balloki References Natural gas-fired power stations in Pakistan 2015 establishments in Pakistan Energy in Punjab, Pakistan", "title": "Balloki Power Plant" }, { "docid": "21983162", "text": "Between 1945 and 2007, Nepali banknotes of Nepalese rupee were issued with the portraits of four different kings. Starting in October 2007 the king’s portrait was replaced by Mount Everest on all notes which have been issued since. 1945 - 1955 The early banknotes which were issued between 1945 and 1955 during the rule of King Tribhuvan were not put into circulation by a Central Bank which did not exist in Nepal at that time. The issuing authority was the treasury which had the name Sadar Muluki Khana. Therefore, the notes of king Tribhuvan were not signed by a bank governor, but by a Kajanchi (head of the treasury) who was a high Hindu priest in the same time. Nepal’s early paper currency probably includes the only notes of the world which were signed by a high priest. These early notes were printed by the Indian Security Press in Nashik and do not have any security features, except for the water marks and the special paper on which they are printed. 1955 - 1972 Starting with King Mahendra who succeeded to his father Tribhuvan in 1955, the banknotes were issued by Nepal Rastra Bank (Nepal National Bank) which was founded in April 1956. The signature of the governors of this institution is found on the banknotes which were issued after this date. Under king Mahendra the Nepali Government became “His Majesty’s Government” (expressed by \"shri 5 ko sarakar\" which literally means “the government of the five times honoured”) and remained this way during the rule of Birendra and Gyanendra. Two series of banknotes were issued during the rule of king Mahendra: The first series shows the king in civilian clothes wearing the Nepali “topi” while on the notes of the second series the king is shown in military uniform. The second series comprised for the first time notes of the high value of 500 and 1000 rupees. 1972 - 2001 During King Birendra’s rule one can also distinguish between two major series of banknotes. The first series features the king wearing military uniform while on the notes of the second series the king is wearing the traditional Nepali crown adorned with feathers of the bird of paradise. During this period regular banknotes of 2 and 20 rupees and special banknotes of 25 and 250 rupees were issued for the first time. 2001 - 2007 The banknotes issued during this period have the same basic design as those of King Birendra whose portrait was simply replaced by that of his younger brother and successor Gyanendra. The low values of 1 and 2 rupees, and the special values of 25 and 250 rupees were not issued any more. The legends found on the last issues of Gyanendra revert to Nepal sarkar (“Nepali Government”), thus omitting the reference to the king. 2007/2008 In October 2007, a 500 rupee note was issued on which the king’s portrait was replaced by and image of Mount Everest. This reflects the historical change from kingdom to republic", "title": "Banknotes of the Nepalese rupee" }, { "docid": "1597249", "text": "An anna (or ānna) was a currency unit formerly used in British India, equal to of a rupee. It was subdivided into four pices or twelve pies (thus there were 192 pies in a rupee). When the rupee was decimalised and subdivided into 100 (new) paise, one anna was therefore equivalent to 6.25 paise. The anna was demonetised as a currency unit when India decimalised its currency in 1957, followed by Pakistan in 1961. It was replaced by the 5-paise coin, which was itself discontinued in 1994 and demonetised in 2011. The term anna is frequently used to express a fraction of . Anna is derived from the Sanskrit , meaning \"food\". There was a coin of one anna, and also half-anna coins of copper and two-anna pieces of silver. With the rupee having been valued to 1s 6d and weighing 180 grains as a 916.66 fine silver coin, the anna was equivalent to 9/8 d (one penny and half a farthing). Hence the 2 anna silver coins were of low weight (22.5 grains = 1.46 g). Anna-denominated postage stamps were issued during the British Raj by the government of British India as well as by several princely states, and after independence until decimalisation of the currency by India and Pakistan. Notation The first number is the number of rupees, the second is the number of annas (1/16), the third is the number of paisas (1/64), and the fourth is the number of pies (1/192). Examples are given below. 1-15-3-2 = 1.9947 1-8-3 = 1.546 1-4 = 1.25 Coins Stamps See also Indian coinage British Indian coins History of the rupee References Historical currencies of India Coins of India", "title": "Indian anna" }, { "docid": "38398772", "text": "The banknotes of the Sri Lanka rupee are part of the physical form of Sri Lanka's currency. The issuance of the rupee banknotes began in 1895. The Government of Ceylon introduced its first paper money in the form of the 5 rupee banknote in 1895. These were followed by 10 rupee notes in 1894, 1000 rupee notes in 1899, 50 rupee notes in 1914, 1 and 2 rupee notes in 1917 and 100 and 500 rupee notes in 1926. In 1942, emergency issues for 5, 10, 25 and 50 cents were introduced and issued until 1949. In 1951, the Central Bank of Ceylon took over the issuance of paper money, introducing 1 and 10 rupee notes. These were followed in 1952 by 2, 5, 50 and 100 rupee notes. The 1 rupee notes were replaced by coins in 1963. From 1977, banknotes were issued by the Central Bank of Sri Lanka. 20 rupees notes were introduced in 1979, followed by 500 and 1000 rupees in 1981, 200 rupees in 1998 and 2000 rupees in 2006. Sri Lankan banknotes are unusual in that they are printed vertically on the reverse. In 1998, a 200-rupee note was issued to commemorate the 50th anniversary of independence (1948–1998). This is the first polymer banknote issued in Sri Lanka, and it was printed by Note Printing Australia. All other denominations are printed by the De la Rue Lanka Currency and Securities Print (Pvt) Ltd, a joint venture of the Government of Sri Lanka and De La Rue, a printing company in the United Kingdom. Banknotes Private Banks Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie (United East India Company) Bank of Ceylon Asiatic Banking Corporation Chartered Mercantile Bank of India, London & China, Colombo / Galley / Kandy Oriental Bank Corporation, Badulla / Colombo / Galley / Jaffna / Kandy / Newera Ellia Government of Ceylon Government of Ceylon series, 1885's Government of Ceylon 2nd series, 1930s Government of Ceylon 2nd series, 1930s King George VI series, 1940s Central Bank Of Sri Lanka King George VI 2nd series, 1951 Queen Elizabeth II series, 1952 Armorial Ensign of Ceylon series, 1956 S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike Portrait series, 1962 King Parakramabahu Series, 1965 S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike 2nd Series, 1970 S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike 3rd Series, 1971 Armorial Ensign of Sri Lanka series, 1975 Fauna and Flora Series, 1979 Historical and Archaeological series, 1981 Historical and Development series, 1987 Sri Lanka Heritage series, 1991, 2005 The Heritage Series saw many revisions throughout its life since 1991 up to 2010. The 1995 revision had an enhanced latent image at the center bottom of obverse sides. The 2001 revision added wider metallic strip to the 500 and 1000 rupee notes. Development, Prosperity and Sri Lanka Dancers series, 2010 To celebrate its 60th anniversary, the Central Bank of Sri Lanka issued a new series of banknotes on 4 February 2011. The series was designed by two Sri Lankan artists selected from an island-wide competition. The themes of the new notes are Development", "title": "Banknotes of the Sri Lankan rupee" }, { "docid": "38207725", "text": "The Japanese government-issued rupee in Burma was a Japanese invasion money issued by the Japanese Military Authority, as a replacement for local currency during the Japanese occupation of Burma in the Second World War. The Japanese invaded Burma in January 1942. They conquered Mandalay on 21 May 1942, forcing the British to retreat into India. The Japanese held Burma until the second Allied campaign of 1944, although an official surrender did not take place until August 1945. In 1942, the Japanese issued paper sculpture currency of 1, 5, and 10 cents and Re. , Re. , Re. 1/-, Rs. 5/-, and Rs. 10/-. Like most Japanese colonial currency from this period, a letter code was used on the notes. The first or top letter “B” indicates the note was printed and issued for Burma. The second letter or letters indicate the block (or printing batch) of the note, there are single letter blocks and double letter blocks for Burma, with the latter two letter blocks being identified by a hyphen separating the letter \"B\" from the block letters. In 1943, the Japanese commuted the sentence of Dr Ba Maw, an outspoken advocate for Burmese self-rule, and installed him as the head of the puppet government. From 1943 onward the Japanese issued paper sculpture currency of Re. 1/-, Rs. 5/-, and Rs. 10/- with a Rs. 100 note/- in 1944. The Japanese characters in the oblong box at the bottom of each note read “Government of Great Imperial Japan” and the contents of the seal comprise the Japanese symbol for the Minister of Finance. When all of these notes became obsolete, punch holes were made to indicate that the note had been \"cancelled\" and therefore demonetised. Prior to the Japanese invasion, Burma circulated the Indian rupee issued by the Reserve Bank of India since the nationalized paper currency was introduced by the British Administration in 1897. Japanese government-issued rupee in Burma (1942–44) Japanese government-issued rupee in India (1942–44) During the World War II, Subhas Chandra Bose led Indian National Army (INA) seized Mizoram and parts of Nagaland in British India from the colonial British control with the help of Japanese forces. He made Ruzazho village operational base of INA, recruited more than thousand natives of Nagaland in INA to fight against British, banned the British Indian rupee and \"Japanese government–issued rupee in Burma\", also called Japanese rupee, was introduced. See also Emergency circulating notes Japanese government-issued dollar in Malaya and Borneo Burma Japanese invasion money References Works cited Rupee Burma Japanese occupation of Burma Currencies of Myanmar", "title": "Japanese government–issued rupee in Burma" }, { "docid": "24288384", "text": "Fake Indian Currency Note (FICN) is a term used by officials and media to refer to counterfeit currency notes circulated in the Indian economy. In 2012, while responding to a question in parliament, the Finance Minister, P. Chidambaram, admitted that there is no confirmed estimate of fake currency in India. However, several central and state agencies are working together, and the Ministry of Home Affairs has constituted the Fake Indian Currency Notes Co-ordination Center (FCORD) to curb this menace. On 8 November 2016, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced that the hitherto existing 500 and 1000 rupee notes cease to be legal tender. He said that the move is taken to curb black money and widespread counterfeit currency in the country. He introduced new ₹500 and ₹2000 notes, and discontinued the existing ₹1000 note. Background Although fake currency is being printed with precision, the Crime Investigation Department (CID) says that they can be detected with some effort. Currency printed by local racketeers can be detected easily as they use the photographic method, hand engraved blocks, lithographic processes and computer colour scanning. In counterfeit notes, the watermark is made by using opaque ink, painting with white solution, stamping with a dye engraved with the picture of Mahatma Gandhi. Then oil, grease or wax is applied to give the picture a translucent feel. In genuine notes, the security thread is incorporated into the paper at the time of manufacture. But in fake notes, the security thread is imitated by drawing a line with a pencil, by printing a line with grey ink, or by using aluminium thread while pasting two thin sheets of paper. Forgers find it difficult to reproduce the same shape of individual numbers again and again with accuracy. The alignment of figures is also difficult to maintain. Spreading of ink, smaller or bigger number, inadequate gaps, and different alignments in numbers should be regarded with suspicion. In counterfeit notes, the printed lines will be broken and there may also be ink smudges. In recent times it has been reported that FICN match 10 out of 14 security parameters adopted by the Indian government, with suggestions that the highest quality fakes could have only been produced by a nation state. Legal aspect According to Indian law, possessing fake notes is a punishable offence, but only if the person in question is aware that the notes are fake. The Indian government intends to classify offences involving high-value FICN as terror acts, with an amendment to the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act. Terrorism Fake Indian notes are mainly used in terror related activities. The money mainly flows from Nepal, Pakistan and Bangladesh. The terrorists are using it to cripple the Indian economy and to create economic terror. See also 2016 Indian banknote demonetisation References Counterfeit money Banknotes of India Crime in India Finance in India", "title": "Fake Indian currency note" }, { "docid": "73851492", "text": "The Pakistani 10-rupee coin () is a denomination of the Pakistani rupee. The 10-rupee coin is a yellow, round piece with a serrated edge, a weight of 5.50 grams, and a diameter of 25.5mm. History On July 17, 2016, the federal government of Pakistan authorized the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) to distribute a Rs10 coin. The coin was issued on October 24, 2016, by the State Bank of Pakistan. In April 2023, it was reported that the 10-rupee coin has faced challenges in gaining widespread acceptance as a legal tender. Obverse The coin's obverse side features a waxing crescent moon and a five-pointed star in a rising position facing northwest. The Urdu inscription \"Islami Jamhooria Pakistan\" is inscribed along the periphery above the star and the moon. The year of issuance is displayed below the crescent, above two upwardly curved wheat sprigs. A circle of small beads adorns the coin's edge. Reverse The reverse side of the coin carries an image of the front view of the Faisal Mosque with doves in flight above it. References Ten-base-unit coins Coins of Pakistan Currencies introduced in 2016", "title": "Pakistani 10-rupee coin" }, { "docid": "1356838", "text": "The dinar ( ) (sign: .د.ب or BD; code: BHD) is the currency of Bahrain. It is divided into 1000 fils (فلس). The Bahraini dinar is abbreviated د.ب (Arabic) or BD (Latin). It is usually represented with three decimal places denoting the fils. The name dinar derives from the Roman denarius. As of December 2021, the Bahraini dinar is the second highest-valued currency unit, at 2.65 United States dollars per unit (the highest-valued unit is the Kuwaiti dinar at $3.32). History The Bahraini dinar was introduced in 1965, replacing the Gulf rupee at a rate of 10 rupees = 1 dinar. It was initially equivalent to of a pound sterling (15 shillings). When sterling was devalued in 1967, the dinar was repegged to 17s. 6d. sterling ( of a pound). Bahraini coins and notes were introduced at that time. Initially, Abu Dhabi adopted the Bahraini dinar but changed to the dirham in 1973, with 1 dirham = 100 fils = 0.100 dinar. Exchange rate In December 1980, the dinar was officially pegged to the IMF's special drawing rights (SDRs). In practice, it is fixed at $1 USD = 0.376 BHD, which translates to approximately 1 BHD = US$2.65957 and, consequently, just over 9.9734 Saudi Arabian riyals. This rate was made official in 2001 and Saudi riyals are accepted at all points of sale in Bahrain at 10 to 1, with the exception of the Saudi 500 riyal note which is only accepted in major supermarkets, airports and electronic shops. Before Malta's adoption of the euro on 1 January 2008, it was the third-highest-valued currency unit after the Kuwaiti dinar and Maltese lira. After Malta adopted the euro, the dinar became the second highest-valued currency unit. Coins In 1965, coins were introduced in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 fils. The 1, 5 and 10 fils were struck in bronze, with the others in cupro-nickel. The 1 fils coin was not produced after 1966 and no longer circulates. A bimetallic 100 fils coin was introduced in October 1992. In 1992, brass replaced bronze in the 5 and 10 fils. A bimetallic 500 fils coin was released in 2000 with the Pearl Monument on the obverse. The coin was discontinued in response to the uprising in Bahrain, which resulted in the demolition of the monument on 18 March 2011, although the Bank stated that minting had ceased some time prior to that. The coin remained in use but was no longer released back into circulation after reaching banks. For a wider history surrounding currency in the region, see British currency in the Middle East. Banknotes On 16 October 1965 the Bahrain Currency Board introduced notes in denominations of , , 1, 5 and 10 dinars; a 100-fils note was introduced on September 2, 1967. In 1973, the Bahrain Monetary Agency took over the issuance of paper money, and starting in July 1978 with a 20 dinar note, it introduced a new family of notes dated 1973 in Arabic. Denominations", "title": "Bahraini dinar" }, { "docid": "58490003", "text": "Plant for Pakistan (Plant4Pakistan), also known as 10 Billion Tree Tsunami, is a five-year project to plant 10 billion trees across Pakistan from 2018 to 2023. Prime Minister Imran Khan started the drive on 2 September 2018 with approximately 1.5 million trees planted on the first day. The campaign was based on the successful Billion Tree Tsunami campaign of the former Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf government, also led by Imran Khan, in the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in 2014. This different initiative is often confused with the initiative of the Prime Minister Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif who launched a national campaign of Green Pakistan and also allocated budget funding from the PSDP. In 2020, the program tripled its number of workers to 63,600 after being momentarily halted following the COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan, aiming to enlist those left unemployed by its economic consequences. Most of the work, which pays between 500 and 800 rupees (US$3–5) a day, takes place in rural areas, with people setting up nurseries, planting saplings, and serving as forest protection guards. The plan was awarded 7.5 billion rupees ($46m) in funding. Saplings planted during the initiative included mulberry, acacia, moringa and other indigenous species. Planting Billions of Trees While Pakistan's economy is 135th in terms of greenhouse gas emissions, it is among the top ten countries in the world to be affected by global warming according to the annual report of Global Climate Risk Index of German Watch, which ranks Pakistan as eighth among the countries most at risk of climate change. As of November 2021, Lahore is the number one in the world in terms of air pollution. Major cities have experienced major heat waves and high levels of pollution in the 21st century, including Karachi and Islamabad. Pakistan has a wide variety of ecosystems within its borders, including the Arabian sea, several deserts and major rivers, and more than seven thousand glaciers. Pakistan is also at the confluence of three great mountain ranges; the Hindu Kush, the Himalayas and the Karakoram. Areas such as Sindh province are at increased risk of flooding due to the melting of glaciers and the eruption of glacial lakes, while also being at risk of drought due to an increasingly warm dry season. Threats such as hurricanes also pose an increasing threat to open populations. The PTI-led government, under its political campaign on Green Agenda, have introduced projects like Billion Tree Tsunami and Ten Billion Tree Tsunami to tackle and raise awareness about forestry and afforestation across the country in response. International Acceptance The Billion Tree Tsunami, or the planting of one billion trees, was started by the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa government in 2014. One billion trees were planted on 35,000 hectares of forest and barren land. Regional 'Billion Tree Tsunami' project, which started seven years ago in 2014, started a revolution with great silence. The 'Billion Tree Tsunami' soon reverberated not only across the country but also globally, thanks to its performance in environmental organizations such as the Bonn Challenge, the", "title": "Plant for Pakistan" }, { "docid": "56949612", "text": "The Indian 2-rupee note () was a denomination of Rupee introduced in 1943. It is the second smallest note ever printed in India. It was removed from circulation in 1995. See also Indian 5-rupee note Indian 2-rupee coin References Rupee Currencies introduced in 1943 Banknotes of India Two-base-unit banknotes", "title": "Indian 2-rupee note" }, { "docid": "1812222", "text": "The Djiboutian franc (, , ) is the currency of Djibouti. Its ISO 4217 currency code is DJF. Historically, it was subdivided into 100 centimes. History From 1884, when the French Somaliland protectorate was established, the French franc circulated alongside the Indian rupee and the Maria Theresa thaler. These coexisted with 2 francs = 1 rupee and 4.2 francs = 1 Maria Theresa thaler. From 1908, francs circulating in Djibouti were legally fixed at the value of the French franc. Starting in 1910, banknotes were issued for the then colony by the Bank of Indochina. Chamber of Commerce paper money and tokens were issued between 1919 and 1922. In 1948, the first coins were issued specifically for use in Djibouti, in the name of the \"Côte Française des Somalis\". In 1949, an independent Djiboutian franc came into being when the local currency was pegged to the US dollar at a rate of 214.392 francs = 1 dollar. This was the value which the French franc had under the Bretton Woods system until a few months before. Consequently, the Djiboutian economy was not affected by the further devaluations of the French franc. In 1952, the Public Treasury took over the production of paper money. French Somaliland's change of name in 1967 to the French Territory of the Afars and the Issas was reflected on both the territory's coins and notes. In 1971 and 1973, the franc was revalued against the US dollar, first to a rate of 197.466 to the dollar, then 177.721, a rate which has been maintained ever since. A further change in coin and banknote design followed independence in 1977. Coins Between 1920 and 1922, the Chamber of Commerce issued tokens struck in zinc, aluminium, bronze and aluminium-bronze in denominations of 5, 10, 25 and 50 centimes and 1 franc. Shapes included round, hexagonal and octagonal. In 1948, aluminium 1, 2 and 5 francs were introduced. Aluminium-bronze 20 francs were introduced in 1952, followed by 10 francs in 1965. Cupro-nickel 50 and 100 francs were introduced in 1970, with aluminium-bronze 500 francs added in 1989. From 2013, new coins of 250 francs were put in circulation to complement the other denominations. Banknotes Between 1910 and 1915, banknotes were introduced in denominations of 5, 20 and 100 francs. Chamber of Commerce notes were introduced in 1919 in denominations of 5, 10 and 50 centimes and 1 franc. The decline in the value of the French franc following World War I caused 500 and 1000 franc banknotes to be introduced in 1927 and 1938, respectively. 10 franc notes were introduced in 1946. When the Public Treasury took over the production of paper money in 1952, the 5, 10 and 20 franc notes ceased production and 5000 franc notes were introduced. In 1970, the 50 and 100 franc notes were replaced by coins. In 1977, the National Bank of Djibouti took over production of banknotes. The only subsequent changes have been the introduction of 10,000 franc notes in 1984 and the", "title": "Djiboutian franc" }, { "docid": "34252931", "text": "The Gandhi Series of banknotes are issued by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) as the legal tender of Indian rupee. The series is so called because the obverse of the banknotes prominently display the portrait of Mahatma Gandhi. Since its introduction in 1996, this series replaced all Lion Capital Series banknotes issued before 1996. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) introduced the series in 1996 with ₹10 and ₹500 banknotes. As of 10 November 2016, the RBI issues banknotes in this series in denominations from ₹5 to ₹100. Printing of five-notes, which had stopped earlier, restarted in 2009. On 8 November 2016, the ₹500 and ₹1000 banknote denominations of this series were demonetised and the new Mahatma Gandhi Series of banknotes were revealed in denominations of ₹500 and ₹2000, intended to replace this series. Security features The following features are included in the notes. Security thread: The notes contain an embedded security thread that can be seen as a vertical straight line when held against a light source. The notes contains the words 'Bharat' in Devanagari and RBI. The ₹1000 denomination contains the number 1000 as well. Older notes, however, are not readable. Latent image: When held against the light at an angle of 45 degrees, an inscription of the value of the denomination is seen on the right side of Mahatma Gandhi's image. Microlettering: Micro-letters are used to print RBI on ₹10 notes, and the value of the denomination on other notes. Intaglio print: An intaglio (raised) shape is present on all denominations other than the ₹10 note to help the visually impaired. 20-Vertical rectangle 50-Square 100-Triangle 500-Circle 1,000-Diamond The image of Mahatma Gandhi, Reserve Bank of India seal, clause of guarantee, Ashoka Pillar emblem and signature of the governor of the Reserve Bank of India are all intaglio prints. Fluorescence: The number panels are printed with fluorescent ink. Optical fibre: The notes have optical fibres that glow when exposed to ultra-violet light. Optically variable ink: Denominations of ₹500 and ₹1000 are printed with ink that changes color with the angle of placement to light. See-through registration device – A floral design (later issues now have the corresponding denomination) printed on the front and the back of the note coincides and perfectly overlap each other when viewed against a light source. EURion constellation – A pattern of symbols found on the banknote helps software detect the presence of a banknote in a digital image so that it can prevent its reproduction with devices such as color photocopiers. Angular lines: A series of lines placed on both the left and right side of the 100, 500 and 1,000 notes. They are only featured on the 2015 series notes, and are utilised to help those with visual impairments in identifying the notes. Novel numbering: A set of six digit serial numbers that increase in size from left to right. Issued for the 2015 and 2016 series 20, 50, 100, 500 and 1,000 notes. Banknotes Languages Each banknote has its amount", "title": "Mahatma Gandhi Series" }, { "docid": "27673505", "text": "The Pakistan federal budget of 2010–2011 has been prepared in accordance with the budgeting and accounting classification system that has been approved by the Government of Pakistan as an integral part of the New Accounting Model. The three years medium-term indicative budget ceilings for the current and development budgets as approved by the Cabinet were issued to all Principal Accounting Officers of the Federal Government. Overview The Government of Pakistan announced federal budget for fiscal year 2010–2011 having total volume of more than two and a half trillion rupees on 5 June 2010. Federal Minister for Finance and Economic Affairs Senator Abdul Hafeez Shaikh presented the budget before the National Assembly. The following major changes reported by federal government: Total budget outlay for 2010–11 is Rs 3259 billion, which is 10.7 percent more than the current year. 50 percent ad hoc allowance of basic salaries to be granted to government employees. GST reduced from 17 to 16 percent. Salaries of government employees raised by 50 percent. Federal Cabinet cut down its salaries by 10 percent. Medical Allowance for employees of Grade-1 to 15 increased by 100 percent. While the raise in medical allowance for employees of Grade-16 to 22 is 15 percent of their basic pay. Rs 1 CED imposed on manufacturing of each cigarette. Tax revenue is targeted at 1.78 trillion rupees out of which the Federal Board of Revenue will collect 1.667 trillion rupees, about 9.8 percent of GDP. Non-tax revenue is targeted at 632.2 billion rupees. Revenue from direct taxes is targeted at 657.7 billion rupees and revenue from indirect taxes is targeted at 1.12 trillion rupees. Subsidies will be reduced to 126.68 billion rupees from 228.99 billion rupees. Development spending or the public sector development spending is targeted at 663 billion rupees, with 373 billion rupees allocated for provinces, and 280 billion rupees as the federal component. Inflation is targeted at 9.5 percent in 2010/11 fiscal year, down from the central bank's forecast of between 11.5percent and 12.5 percent for the year ending 30 June. The defence budget is set at 100.0 billion rupees, a 17percent increase from year 2010. The debt-to-GDP ratio has climbed to 55 percent. 30 million energy savours will be provided in a bid to conserve electricity. Burden of 235 billion on the country's budget due to losses being incurred by state owned enterprises including Pakistan International Airlines (PIA), Pakistan Steel Mills and Pakistan Electric Power Company (PEPCO). Three dams to be built in 2010–11. Pepco want subsidy of Rs 180 billion. 685 billion budget deficit, which is 4 percent of GDP. Reformed GST to be implemented from 31 October. All non-developmental expenditures frozen. 40 billion to be distributed among people from Benazir Income Support Programme. Baitul Maal to continue functioning with Rs 2 million. Minimum wage raised from Rs 6000 to Rs 7000. ADP fixed at 603 billion out of which 52 percent will be given to the provinces. GST will be reformed under which instead of 16 to 25 percent", "title": "2010–11 Pakistan federal budget" }, { "docid": "3263575", "text": "The rupee was the currency of Britain's East African colonies and protectorates between 1906 and 1920. It was divided into 100 cents. The rupee replaced the Indian rupee, which had previously circulated. In 1920, the rupee was revalued against sterling to a peg of 1 rupee = 2 shillings (1 florin). In East Africa, this was followed in the same year by the replacement of the rupee with the East African florin at par and then in 1921 by the East African shilling at 2 shillings per florin or rupee. The currency is noteworthy for including the world's first aluminium coin, the 1907 1 cent coin. Coins Silver coins were introduced for 25 and 50 cents in 1906, followed by the aluminium 1 cent and cupro-nickel 10 cent coins in 1907, the aluminium cent coin in 1908 and the cupro-nickel 5 cent coin in 1913. Cupro-nickel replaced aluminium in 1909. Banknotes In 1906, notes (the first dated 1905) were introduced by the government of the East Africa Protectorate in denominations of 5, 10, 20, 40, 100 and 500 rupees. In 1920, the East African Currency Board issued 1 rupee notes shortly before the rupee was replaced. References Global Financial Data currency histories table (archived) Tables of modern monetary history: Kenya (archived) Tables of modern monetary history: Tanzania (archived) Tables of modern monetary history: Uganda (archived) Modern obsolete currencies Currencies of Africa Currencies of the British Empire Currencies of Kenya Currencies of Tanzania Currencies of Uganda East Africa 1906 establishments in the British Empire 1920 disestablishments in the British Empire 20th century in Africa", "title": "East African rupee" }, { "docid": "54555864", "text": "The Indian 200-rupee note (₹200) is a denomination of the Indian rupee. After the 2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, the new currency notes were announced by the Reserve Bank of India: ₹2,000, ₹500, ₹200, ₹100, ₹50, ₹20 and ₹10. In order to determine currency denominations, the Reserve Bank of India follows a variation of the Renard series, called the 1-2-5 series, in which a ‘decade’ or a 1:10 ratio is covered in 3 steps, such as 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1,000, etc. The Reserve Bank of India described the 200-rupee notes as the missing link in the Renard series. Besides the Indian Rupee, Euro and British Pound sterlings are two of the most notable currencies that are denominated in the 1-2-5 series. Renard series first proposed by French Army engineer Charles Renard. In March 2017, the decision to introduce ₹200 notes was taken by the Reserve Bank of India with the consultation of the Ministry of Finance. The currency is produced by printing units of the government-run Security Printing and Minting Corporation of India or at printing presses in Mysore and Salboni, managed by the Reserve Bank of India-owned Bharatiya Reserve Bank Note Mudran Private Limited, reportedly by Times of India. The Government of India (GOI) had examined the introduction of the ₹200 notes that would help citizens transact easily. In June 2017, a photograph of a ₹200 banknote went viral on social media platforms like Facebook and WhatsApp. RBI announced the specifications of the new 200-rupee note in the Mahatma Gandhi New Series, bearing the signature of Dr. Urjit R. Patel, Governor of the Reserve Bank of India on 25 August 2017. Design On 25 August 2017, the Reserve Bank of India introduced a new ₹200 banknote in the Mahatma Gandhi (New) Series. ₹200 banknotes of the previous series will continue to be legal tender. The new version of the note has a depiction of Sanchi Stupa on the reverse, depicting the country’s cultural heritage. The base colour of the note is Bright Yellow. The dimensions of the banknote are measured at 146 mm x 66 mm.[9] Four angular bleed lines and two circles between angular bleed lines at the right corner H symbol with 200 at right corner above ashoka pillar Circulation The Reserve Bank of India announced that new 200-rupee banknotes would be in circulation from 25 August 2017 on the occasion of Ganesh Chaturthi. Languages As like the other Indian rupee banknotes, the 200 banknote has its amount written in 17 languages. On the obverse, the denomination is written in English and Hindi. On the reverse is a language panel which displays the denomination of the note in 15 of the 22 official languages of India. The languages are displayed in alphabetical order. Languages included on the panel are Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Malayalam, Marathi, Nepali, Odia, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu and Urdu. See also Indian 2000-rupee note Indian 500-rupee note 2016 Indian banknote demonetisation References Banknotes of India Rupee", "title": "Indian 200-rupee note" }, { "docid": "56233000", "text": "The Indian 5-rupee note () is the second smallest Indian note in circulation. The Reserve Bank of India introduced the 5 rupee banknote as part of the Mahatma Gandhi Series in 1996. The printing of notes in the denominations of , however, has been discontinued as these denominations have been coinised but still these notes are valid legal tender in India. Languages As like the other Indian rupee banknotes, the 5 banknote has its amount written in 17 languages. On the obverse, the denomination is written in English and Hindi. On the reverse is a language panel which displays the denomination of the note in 15 of the 22 official languages of India. The languages are displayed in alphabetical order. Languages included on the panel are Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Malayalam, Marathi, Nepali, Odia, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu and Urdu. See also Indian 2-rupee note Indian 5-rupee coin References Rupee Banknotes of India Five-base-unit banknotes Currencies introduced in 1996", "title": "Indian 5-rupee note" }, { "docid": "30755017", "text": "Significant events of national importance have been occasions for the issue of commemorative notes in Sri Lanka. The Central Bank of Sri Lanka has issued two commemorative notes. In 1998 a 200 rupees note was issued on Independence day to commemorate the 50th Independence Anniversary of the country. The note was issued along with three commemorative coins; a five thousand rupees gold coin, a one thousand rupees silver coin, and a ten rupees bi-metallic coin. The 200 rupees commemorative note was the first time a Sri Lankan note had been issued in polymer plastic produced by Note Printing Australia. The artwork was done by Ananda Somathilake and Gamini Mendis. Only a limited number of notes were issued. The note is being removed from circulation, and is rarely seen. Currently about 3% of the ~20.5 million notes issued are in circulation or with collectors. In 2009 the 1000 rupees note commemorating the end of the Sri Lankan Civil War and the Ushering of Peace and Prosperity note was issued. The note is dated two days after the end of the war as 2009-05-20. The note is the first time since 1954, that an image of a living person has been used on Sri Lankan currency notes. It is a paper note, with a limited number issued. 200 rupee note (1998) 1000 rupee note (2009) 500 rupee note (2013) 1000 rupee note (2018) See also Sri Lankan commemorative coins References External links LakdivaNotes Collection Commemorative Notes from Sri Lanka Currencies of Sri Lanka Commemorative banknotes", "title": "Commemorative banknotes of the Sri Lankan rupee" } ]	[ "1986" ]
train_21973	what was the last mary kate and ashley movie	[ { "docid": "38314165", "text": "Ashley Fuller Olsen (born June 13, 1986) is an American businesswoman, fashion designer and former actress. She began her acting career at the age of nine months, sharing the role of Michelle Tanner with her twin sister Mary-Kate Olsen in the television sitcom Full House (1987–1995). They also starred in numerous films together. In 1993, the production company Dualstar Entertainment Group was founded, which produced a long string of TV movies and direct-to-video releases featuring the girls; they starred in Passport to Paris (1999), Our Lips Are Sealed (2000), Winning London (2001), Holiday in the Sun (2001) and in the television series So Little Time (2001–2002). They starred in Getting There (2002), When in Rome (2002), and The Challenge (2003); and made cameos in Charlie's Angels: Full Throttle (2003). The last film she starred in with her twin sister was New York Minute (2004). She continued with her acting career independently, appearing with a few guest-star roles in films and in a music video. In March 2012, both Mary-Kate and Ashley officially indicated their interest to retire as actresses in order to focus on their careers in the fashion industry. She and her twin sister co-founded luxury fashion brand The Row, lifestyle brand Elizabeth and James, and more affordable fashion lines Olsenboye and StyleMint. They co-authored a book, Influence, featuring interviews with fashion designers that have inspired their fashion lines. They are members of the Council of Fashion Designers of America. Early life and education Ashley Fuller Olsen and her twin sister, Mary-Kate Olsen, were born on June 13, 1986, in Sherman Oaks, California. Ashley is two minutes older than Mary-Kate. She is the daughter of Jarnette \"Jarnie\" Olsen (née Jones; b. 1954), a personal manager, and David \"Dave\" Olsen, a real estate developer and mortgage banker. Along with Mary-Kate, they have an older brother Trent, a younger sister and actress Elizabeth, and younger half-siblings Courtney and Jake (from their father's second marriage). Olsen's parents divorced in 1996. Their father has Norwegian ancestry while their mother is of French, German and Italian ancestry. Olsen attended the Campbell Hall School in Los Angeles. After graduating from Campbell Hall in 2004, she and Mary-Kate went on to attend New York University's Gallatin School of Individualized Study. Acting career Career beginnings She began her acting career at the age of nine months old when she and her twin sister, Mary-Kate Olsen, were hired to share the role of Michelle Tanner on the popular television sitcom Full House (1987–1995). She starred alongside Mary-Kate in the films, To Grandmother's House We Go (1992), Double, Double, Toil and Trouble (1993), How the West Was Fun (1994), It Takes Two (1995), Billboard Dad (1998) and the television series, Two of a Kind (1998–1999). Dualstar In the 1990s, associates of Olsen and her twin sister, recognizing their marketing potential, built a production company around them called Dualstar Entertainment Group, which produced a long successful string of TV movies and direct-to-video releases featuring the girls. They starred in Passport", "title": "Ashley Olsen" }, { "docid": "6131091", "text": "Dualstar Entertainment Group, LLC is a privately held American limited liability company owned by twin sister actresses Mary-Kate Olsen and Ashley Olsen, which produced films, television series, magazines, video games, and other popular media. Dualstar was based in Los Angeles, California and is now based in Culver City. History The company Dualstar Productions was originally started in 1993 by Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen, then-stars of Full House, at the age of 6. They had a development deal at Warner Bros. and ABC, who had a television broadcast contract, and set up its own video and audio arm with a deal at BMG Kidz, the kids label of BMG. It then became a pioneer in the tween industry. The company operated eight such subsidiaries such as: Dualstar Productions, Dualstar Animation, Dualstar Records, Dualstar Video & DVD, Dualstar Interactive, Dualstar Publications, Dualstar Consumer Products and Dualstar Clothing. Dissatisfied by the BMG deal, the Olsens opted to move the Dualstar Video label to WarnerVision Entertainment in 1995. In 1999, it entered into a partnership with game publisher Acclaim Entertainment to launch its Dualstar Interactive line. Also that year, it launched Dualstar Animation and entered into a pact with DIC Entertainment to launch a Mary-Kate and Ashley cartoon. The cartoon was subsequently picked up by ABC in 2001 for Disney's One Saturday Morning block. In 2003, the group estimated that the sales are around $1.4 billion. The interactive unit subsequently filed a lawsuit against Acclaim Entertainment in 2004. Also that year upon their 18th birthday, the Olsens took control of the Dualstar studio. In 2006, Dualstar partnered with Dylan and Cole Sprouse, the twin brothers from Disney's The Suite Life of Zack & Cody, to produce Code a magazine geared toward a young male demographic. In April 2015, Mary-Kate and Ashley reached a deal with Viacom-owned Nickelodeon to license the entire library. Operations On May 7, 2004, the company released New York Minute, the Olsen twins' last and only theatrical film since 1995's It Takes Two. The film did not do well at the box office, and suffered negative critical reception. Since then, Dualstar and the Olsens have neither produced nor starred in another film. Productions Feature films To Grandmother's House We Go (1992) Double, Double, Toil and Trouble (1993) How the West Was Fun (1994) It Takes Two (1995) Billboard Dad (1998) Passport to Paris (1999) Switching Goals (1999) Our Lips Are Sealed (2000) Winning London (2001) Holiday in the Sun (2001) Getting There (2002) When in Rome (2002) The Challenge (2003) New York Minute (2004) Musical video series The Adventures of Mary-Kate & Ashley series You're Invited to Mary-Kate & Ashley's series Television series Two of a Kind (1998-1999) So Little Time (2001-2002) Mary-Kate and Ashley in Action! (2001-2002) Legal issue A class action lawsuit against Dualstar alleges that the Entertainment Group failed to pay interns for menial tasks. The suit, brought forth by forty past and current interns, argues that the interns should have been paid minimum wage because they were", "title": "Dualstar" }, { "docid": "788543", "text": "New York Minute is a 2004 American teen comedy film directed by Dennie Gordon and starring Mary-Kate Olsen, Ashley Olsen (in her final film), and Eugene Levy, with Andy Richter, Jared Padalecki, Riley Smith, and Andrea Martin in supporting roles. In the film, Mary-Kate and Ashley portray twins with opposing personalities who have a series of adventures around New York City. The film reunited the Olsens with Bob Saget (in a non-speaking cameo) for the first time since they all starred together on the television series Full House (1987–1995). It was released on May 7, 2004, by Warner Bros. Pictures, marking the Olsen twins' second and final theatrical film release after It Takes Two (1995), after years of starring in direct-to-video and television film productions. Consequently, it was the last film featuring both Mary-Kate and Ashley, as the former went on to appear in her own acting projects while the latter quit acting shortly after the film's release. This was also the last film to be produced by the Olsens' Dualstar Entertainment company before it went into dormancy. The film received generally negative reviews from critics and was a box office bomb; however, several publications have since re-evaluated the film as a cult classic in the years after its initial release. Plot Seventeen-year-old twin sisters Jane, an uptight overachiever, and Roxy Ryan, a rebellious, aspiring rock star, are polar opposites and never see eye to eye after their mother's death. They live with their widower father in Syosset, a suburban Long Island town. The two journey into New York City so Jane can deliver a speech for a prestigious college scholarship and Roxy can hand her band's demo tape to Simple Plan, who are in town to shoot a music video. Jane and Roxy board the train into New York but are thrown off after Roxy is found without a ticket. Jane flirts with Jim, and a chip device is mistakenly planted in Roxy's bag. Bennie Bang, the man behind the device, offers Roxy a limousine ride, and she accepts, dragging Jane along. He locks them inside, but they escape through the sunroof into the subway. Meanwhile, Max Lomax, an overzealous truant officer, is on the hunt for Roxy. Jane realizes she has left her day planner in the limo, which has money and the prompt cards for her speech. She and Roxy break into an upscale hotel room to freshen up, where they receive a phone call from Bennie who offers to exchange the chip for the day planner. They meet Trey, the son of a powerful senator staying at the hotel, and his dog, Reinaldo, who swallows the chip. Roxy heads to the Simple Plan video shoot, Max on her tail, while Jane meets Bennie for the exchange. When he learns the dog has swallowed the chip, he tries to attack Jane, who goes to find Roxy, and kidnaps Trey. Jane, Roxy, and Reinaldo end up in the underground sewer, with Jane's speech due to begin in less", "title": "New York Minute (film)" } ]	[ { "docid": "2797638", "text": "Holiday in the Sun is a 2001 American direct-to-video romantic adventure family film directed by Steve Purcell and starring Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen as two teenagers on vacation at Atlantis Paradise Island. Plot Madison and Alex Stewart are twin sisters from Illinois who are whisked away to Atlantis Resort in The Bahamas by their parents for winter break. Initially, the sisters are disappointed that they didn't get to go to Hawaii with their friends, but overcome it by enjoying their newly earned freedom in the form of their own suite, as well as the pristine beaches of the Caribbean. Alex falls for \"hottie\" Jordan, a worker at the resort. She's not the only one with her eye on Jordan – the spoiled heiress, Brianna Wallace is also in love with him, and plays dirty to get her way. Madison, meanwhile, is being wooed by cute, but brainless, Scott, who in turn is being coached behind the scenes by Griffen, a childhood friend of Madison's with a not-so-subtle crush, to talk to Madison and eventually get her under his thumb. The sisters' holiday of fun in the sun is interrupted when Jordan is blamed for allegedly fencing stolen antiquities. Griffen and the twins dodge their meanwhile suspicious parents to find and expose the real culprit, understanding the true meaning of sisterhood along with having a great vacation. Cast Mary-Kate Olsen as Madison Brittany Stewart Ashley Olsen as Alexandra Anneliese \"Alex\" Stewart Austin Nichols as Griffen Grayson Ben Easter as Jordan Landers Billy Aaron Brown as Scott Markus Flanigan as Harrison Jamie Rose as Judy Jeff Altman as Chad Wendy Schaal as Jill Ashley Hughes as Keegan Megan Fox as Brianna Wallace Ashley Kelly as Trish Sterling Rice as Carmen Phillip Sands as Ziggy C.J. Ansell as Good Looking Kid Ben Christian as Boy in Club Spencer Roberts as Surfer Jason Deveaux as Stan Ben J. Michaels as Jeffrey Gordon Mills as Teacher Chelera Bateman as Liz Cesar Alava as Champlaine Scott Adderley as Security Guard Tony Roberts as Policeman Dawn Forbs as Katherine Steve Purcell as Director Rob Lundsgaard as D.P. Dale Russell as Chauffeur Eric Davis as Carriage Driver Tenby Turner, Enith Hernandez and Chris Bruck as Bikini Models Brittany Galiano as herself on the beach (uncredited) Play as themselves Anaïs Lameche as herself at the party (Uncredited) Faye Hamlin as herself at the party (Uncredited) Anna Sundstrand as herself at the party (Uncredited) Rosie Munter as herself at the party (Uncredited) Billed as 'Megan Fox' in opening credits, and as 'Megan Denise Fox' in closing credits. References External links 2001 films 2001 children's films 2001 direct-to-video films 2001 romantic comedy films 2000s American films 2000s English-language films 2000s teen comedy films 2000s teen romance films American romantic comedy films American teen comedy films American teen romance films Films about twin sisters Films about vacationing Films scored by Steve Porcaro Films set in hotels Films set in the Bahamas Films shot in the Bahamas Warner Bros. direct-to-video films", "title": "Holiday in the Sun (film)" }, { "docid": "31025516", "text": "Very Mary-Kate is a web series written/created by Elaine Carroll and directed by Sam Reich. The series consists of 71 episodes, as of January 17, 2013. Each episode runs for approximately 1–4 minutes, featuring comedian Elaine Carroll as Mary-Kate Olsen. The series was originally produced out-of-pocket, but was picked up for its second season by CollegeHumor, allowing Carroll to \"pay for lunch for people.\" The series premiered January 10, 2010 on Vimeo. The fourth season debuted January 17, 2013 on CollegeHumor and VeryMaryKate.com. Inception According to an interview with The Arcade, Carroll originally used an impression of the Olsen twins during an audition for Saturday Night Live. Carroll indicates that, \"It went over really well,\" but \"obviously I didn't get on the show.\" She continued to do the impression, and decided to expand it into a series to put on the internet. In other interviews, Carroll states that she had been doing the Olsen twin impression for about two years before making a short video called \"The Olsen Twin Minute\" that \"featured Mary-Kate and Ashley in a talk show.\" The experience led Carroll to realize she wanted to do more with the twin impression and \"started trying to visualize what life is like for them. They're rich and famous, but also kind of mysterious and private, which leaves a ton of room for the imagination.\" Plot Very Mary-Kate is the \"unofficial biography of everyone's favorite Olsen twin,\" Mary-Kate Olsen. Carroll's portrayal of Olsen takes several well-known facts of Mary-Kate Olsen's life (such as attending NYU and picking up occasional acting jobs) and \"expands on them, creating a character who's a weak-yet-demanding kitten obsessed with calories, abusing her bodyguard and getting her hands on the good drugs.\" The series follows the adventures of Carroll's Mary-Kate Olsen including daily routines, religious experiences, major life decisions (moving out from an apartment shared with twin sister Ashley Olsen, deciding to have a baby, and more) and general troublesome situations in which Mary-Kate seems to find herself. Mary-Kate often indulges in smoothies and power drinks that are infused with some variety of a psycho-pharmaceutical adulterant such as Mango Klonopin smoothies, Celexa Mimosas and Paxil-Paxil Protein Shakes. Main characters Elaine Carroll as Mary-Kate Olsen – one-half of the famous Olsen twin duo who has a bodyguard-turned-personal-assistant-and-caretaker; occasionally takes classes at NYU; is obsessed with calories and loves prescription medication cocktails. Mary-Kate splits her time between New York City and Los Angeles, but may not be exactly sure where she is most of the time. She also loves to be on Twitter and Facebook, and is constantly saying things with the words \"dash\", \"dot com\" and \"dot H T M L\". Elaine Carroll as Ashley Olsen – Mary-Kate's twin sister; similar in body to Mary-Kate, but is reasonable and mature, which causes her to be the straight foil and the source of an off-and-on sibling rivalry. Luke Sholl as Bodyguard – Mary-Kate's unnamed bodyguard who becomes more like a personal assistant/caretaker/nanny/legal guardian, who is supposed to be", "title": "Very Mary-Kate" }, { "docid": "57299021", "text": "Mary-Kate and Ashley: Pocket Planner is a digital planner and video game developed by American studio Powerhead Games and published by Acclaim Entertainment. It was released on November 21, 2000, for the Game Boy Color. It is part of the Mary-Kate and Ashley video game series. The user can keep track of the time and take notes while also playing through a number of minigames. Mary-Kate and Ashley are featured extensively throughout the planner. Reception was mixed, with criticism focused on the shortcomings of the game and its gendered focus and content while praising its clever features. Gameplay Pocket Planner is a digital planner which allows users to organize their lifestyles. The game features a calendar, stop watch, phone book, and a series of five short minigames that allow the user to get photos of Mary-Kate and Ashley. The game includes a \"Crush Tester\" which prompts the player to point the Game Boy at their crush which checks if the feelings are reciprocated and a fortune teller. The Game Boy Printer can be used to print out photos of Mary-Kate and Ashley that are unlocked by playing the minigames. The player can send G-Mail (presumably, email for girls) between users through the Game Boy Color's infrared port. Every screen includes at least Mary-Kate or Ashley though at the Game Boy's low resolution. Reception Critical reception was mixed, focusing on the game's shortcoming as an actual game and its gendered focus and content. The Telegraph called it \"quite clever\" and noted its variety of features. IGN, in a mostly sarcastic review, noted that the organizer doesn't beep during upcoming events (as you can't keep the Game Boy Color on at all times) and felt that the game was missing a number of features. Acclaim Entertainment posted a profit in 2001 that was in part attributed to the success of its Mary-Kate and Ashley video game series, including Pocket Planner. References 2000 video games Acclaim Entertainment games Game Boy Color games Game Boy Color-only games Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen Powerhead Games games Single-player video games Video games based on real people Video games developed in the United States", "title": "Mary-Kate and Ashley: Pocket Planner" }, { "docid": "4485086", "text": "The Adventures of Mary-Kate & Ashley is a series of musical mystery videos starring twin actresses Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen. The series was also written as children's books. A set of books was written as a companion piece to the show, showing the twins on the cover. The video series was distributed by BMG Kidz and KidVision. Format Each video begins with the girls singing the theme song. Following the theme song, the girls receive a phone call, informing them of some urgent mystery that needs to be solved. Their motto is \"We’ll solve any crime by dinnertime.\" Each video features the girls singing multiple songs about the mystery they are working on. They never fail to solve the mystery with their sidekick, Clue (a Basset Hound), and, indeed, the solution is usually something either very obvious or very trivial, to give the video a humorous ending. Plot outlines Each episode is named \"The Adventures of Mary-Kate & Ashley\" followed by the name of the mystery. 1. The Case of Thorn Mansion (1994) A ghost is supposedly haunting a mansion in Transylvania, and the girls must figure out who or what is actually behind it. The \"ghost\" ends up being the caretaker of the mansion who is also a beekeeper. (The trip to Transylvania was about 9,000 miles from their attic) 2. The Case of the Logical I Ranch (1994) Pungent smells and weird noises plague the \"Logical I Ranch\". Some employees of the ranch think it is being caused by a dragon running loose. (The trip to Dead Gulch USA was about 1,372 miles from their attic) 3. The Case of the Sea World Adventure (1995) The girls' parents work at Sea World as over-worked dolphin trainers. One day, the girls run into a dead body in the woods that eventually leads them and their parents to a cruise ship while trying to solve the rigged mystery. The boss of the girls' parents had planted evidence to get them all on the cruise, so they could take a much-needed family vacation. 4. The Case of the Mystery Cruise (1995) The sequel to The Case of the Sea World Adventure. Mary-Kate and Ashley's father has a laptop containing vital information. It gets stolen while on a cruise ship and must be retrieved. The twins believe a friend of their father's was responsible, but it later turned out to be a staged occurrence. 5. The Case of the Fun House Mystery (1995) Something is making scary noises inside the fun house at an amusement park, and the girls must figure out who or what it is. Using the clue of \"Monster Mush\" and \"bananas\", they find out the monster lurking inside the fun house is really an orangutan. (The trip to Tons-Of-Fun was about 1,379 miles from their attic) 6. The Case of the Christmas Caper (1995) Hackers break into Santa's computer to steal the \"Spirit of Christmas\", the plane Santa uses to fly to deliver all the presents to the", "title": "The Adventures of Mary-Kate & Ashley" }, { "docid": "25897988", "text": "You're Invited to Mary-Kate & Ashley's is a musical direct-to-video series starring Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen. The videos were released between 1995 and 2000 and have since been released on VHS in 2000-2001 and on DVD in 2003. The series began with You're Invited to Mary-Kate & Ashley's Sleepover Party and ended with You're Invited to Mary-Kate & Ashley's School Dance Party and three more compilation releases. List of releases Original releases You're Invited to Mary-Kate & Ashley's Sleepover Party (1995) In You're Invited to Mary-Kate & Ashley's Sleepover Party, Mary-Kate, Ashley, and their slumber party guests dance around, tell scary stories, play video games, order a pizza, and try to pull an all-nighter. The pizza, ordered with nothing on it, is topped with a variety of ingredients sourced from their refrigerator during their freestyle rap \"Gimme Pizza\". A slowed-down version of the song later gained popularity in the 2010s. Cast Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen - Themselves Trent Olsen - Himself Cara DeLizia - Cara Brighton Hertford - Brighton Vanessa Croft - Vanessa Jimmy Higa - Boy #1 Troy Davidson - Boy #2 Note: This is the only episode to not include bloopers at the end. Songs Dare to Dance Brother For Sale Video Monster Very, Very, Very Unbelievably Scary Gimme Pizza Pullin' An All Nighter You're Invited to Mary-Kate & Ashley's Hawaiian Beach Party (1996) In You're Invited to Mary-Kate & Ashley's Hawaiian Beach Party, the twins are tired from school and their busy lives so they decide to throw a beach party. They, along with their friends, travel to Hawaii in a submarine where they play in the water, build a sandcastle, and go surfing together. Cast Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen - Themselves Taylor Scheer - Cheryl Mariah Seneca - Nicole Venus Lee - Jenny Songs We Need a Vacation Wild, Wet, Wacky, Wonderful World Sand, Sand, Glorious Sand I'd Rather be Surfing Note: This aired on Fox Family in 2000. You're Invited to Mary-Kate & Ashley's Birthday Party (1997) In You're Invited to Mary-Kate & Ashley's Birthday Party, it's Mary-Kate and Ashley's birthday but the twins can't decide what to do for their birthday party. After imagining party ideas such as a Moon Bounce party, pool and piñata party, and a makeover party, they decide to take their friends to Six Flags. Cast Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen - Themselves Ashley Hicks - Belinda Nicole Mancera - Lisa Bluejean Ashley Secrist - Jill John Dultz - Eric Jesse Joseph Rambis - Jamie Ginger - Clue Songs Moon Bounce Madness Pool Party Piñata Party Makeover Machine Scary Rides You're Invited to Mary-Kate & Ashley's Christmas Party (1997) In You're Invited to Mary-Kate & Ashley's Christmas Party, Mary-Kate and Ashley celebrate Christmas with a party. They bake cookies, sing Christmas songs, make ornaments for and decorate the Christmas tree, reminisce over Mary-Kate and Ashley's ski vacation in Vail, Colorado, open presents, and even get a few visits from Santa Claus! Cast Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen - Themselves Sara Paxton -", "title": "You're Invited to Mary-Kate & Ashley's (film series)" }, { "docid": "74403384", "text": "Mary Cherry Chua is a 2023 Philippine supernatural horror thriller film written and directed by Roni Benaid. It stars Joko Diaz, Lyca Gairanod, Kokoy De Santos, Alma Moreno and Ashley Diaz in her first lead role. The film is based on a popular urban legend about a pretty high school lass named Mary Cherry Chua, who was reportedly murdered by the school janitor. The horror film centers on Karen (Ashley Diaz), who is fond of reading campus horror tales and urban legends. Plot Mary Cherry Chua (Abby Bautista) was a student back in the 60s from Regina Caeli Academy, a prestigious school. A cheerful young girl with long black hair, Mary Cherry Chua has it all she's beautiful, rich, and smart. She is adored and envied by many and is known as their school's Miss Popular. But her seemingly perfect life is cut short when she is found lifeless on their campus grounds and declared to have been raped and murdered. In 1995, Karen (Ashley Diaz), a high school student who enjoys reading horror stories and urban legends, is so intrigued about Mary Cherry Chua's life that she decides to re-open the case to do a little investigation of her own and further strengthen the evidence about the crime. With the help of her friends and classmates, Karen gets new information about the case. But as she digs deeper, looking for the truth, it seems that she may have also been digging her own grave after she uncovers something that could endanger her own life. Cast Ashley Diaz as Karen Dimaranan Joko Diaz as Mr. Manzano Abby Bautista as Mary Cherry Chua Lyca Gairanod as Faith Kokoy De Santos as Paco Martinez Alma Moreno as Ms. Estrella Krissha Viaje as Lena Dimaranan Migo Valid as Oca Rolando Inocencio as Emilio Baldonado Cherrylyn David as Mrs. Wong Maria Riya Miranda as Mrs. Liwanag Elia Ilano as Student Release The film was released in the Philippines on July 19, 2023, by Viva Films. It was released alongside Oppenheimer and Barbie. Production The filming started on October 1, 2022, and was finished in October 29 of the same year. The school Regina Caeli Academy, which served as the main setting of the film was filmed in Sacred Heart Academy of Novaliches, Quezon City. Reception Fred Hawson of ABS-CBNnews.com gave the film 5/10 rating and wrote: There was only one ghost in the whole film, so effort had to be made to vary the ways how Mary Cherry would haunt Karen, with varying success. This led to plot holes (why haunt someone who is trying to help, instead of the perpetrator?), some simply led nowhere (what happened after the induced heart attack?).Mario Bautista of Journal News praised the acting of the actors and actresses and he added: As a movie that aims to frighten the audience, “Mary Cherry Chua” is very commercial and has no pretensions. It has its usual share of jump scares that made the audience gasp and scream when we watched", "title": "Mary Cherry Chua" }, { "docid": "1069078", "text": "So Little Time is an American sitcom starring Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen in their third television series. It aired on Fox Family: the first half of the series aired from June 2 to August 18, 2001, and the series then went on a four-month hiatus owing to network management changes. By December 2001, Fox Family had become ABC Family, and the remaining episodes aired from December 1, 2001, until May 4, 2002. So Little Time reruns briefly aired on Nickelodeon in 2015 after the network acquired the rights to Mary-Kate and Ashley's video library. Cast and characters Main cast Mary-Kate Olsen as Riley Carlson Ashley Olsen as Chloe Carlson Clare Carey as Macy Carlson Eric Lutes as Jake Carlson Jesse Head as Spartacus Lawrence \"Larry\" Slotnick Taylor Negron as Manuelo Del Valle Natashia Williams as Tedi Recurring cast Amy Davidson as Cammie Morton Wendy Worthington as Ellen Westmore Ben Easter as Lennon Kincaid Broadcasting On 6 August 2001, Fox Kids Europe announced they had acquired worldwide television distribution rights to the series, including the United States. In Canada, Family Channel aired reruns of the series weekdays at 6:00pm until June 28, 2007, when they were replaced by Zoey 101. In the United Kingdom, the show aired on BBC One 22 September 2001 and on the Children's Channel CBBC. Some episodes had a shorter running time than others because of the removal of the \"behind the scenes\" featurettes. Later in the series, the show starts with the crew wandering around the set with the camera following them. They talk about today's events, such as the birthday of an actor on the set. Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen usually appear in this segment. In Italy, the series aired on Italia 1 under the name Due gemelle e un maggiordomo (Two Twins and a butler) from August until September 2002. A short \"behind the scenes\" featurette was sometimes included at the end of an episode as well. Although retained on the Warner Home Video VHS and DVD releases, these were always edited out of the U.K. terrestrial transmissions. Episodes Home media From 2002 to 2003, Warner Bros. and DualStar released 4 separate volumes of the show on DVD and VHS. Each volume contained 6 episodes each for a total of 24 episodes. In 2005, those 4 volumes were packaged together as one box set containing a fifth DVD with the only two episodes that had not yet been released to DVD (\"Outbreak\" and \"Look Who's Talking\"). This box set was titled So Little Time: 5 DVD Gift Set. The episodes on the gift set are not presented in air date or production order, because it is simply a repackaging of the individual DVD releases and each release had its own theme. Although the gift set and individual releases for volumes 1 - 4 have since gone out of print, volumes 1 - 4 were re-released in 2017 as two 2-disc \"double feature\" sets, the first containing volumes 1 and 2 and the second containing", "title": "So Little Time" }, { "docid": "1766514", "text": "When in Rome is a 2002 direct-to-video film directed by Steve Purcell and starring Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen. Plot Twins Leila (Ashley) and Charli (Mary-Kate) Hunter go to Rome to participate in a Summer Intern Program along with four others: Paolo, Nobu, Dari, and Heidi. After beginning the intern program, the sisters are soon fired due to careless mishaps. They soon meet Derek Hammond, who re-hires them. They spend the day at Hammond’s house, where Leila meets bad boy Ryan, who happens to be Derek’s nephew. Leila and Ryan develop a liking for each other. Back at work, the girls are grasping more the concept of being responsible. They become great friends with the other interns. Charli and Paolo develop feelings for each other. When attempting to deliver some designs for a shoot, Mr. Tortoni sabotages them by stealing the dresses. Leila, with Ryan’s help, captures pictures of the incident and delivers the pictures to Derek. Everyone helps to make new dresses, using Charlie’s designs, before the big day. Paolo phones his friend & ends up abducting everyone, especially Leila & Tortoni. In the end, the photoshoot goes well and Tortoni re-hires the interns. Derek arrives with the police to arrest Mr. Tortoni, and it is discovered that Tortoni was always jealous for having everything, the money, and the girl (Jamie). The movie closes with Jamie and Derek and Charli and Paolo kissing at the Mamma Mia pizza party. Ryan tries to kiss Leila, but she tells him she’s good with just a hug. Derek decides to take all the interns to New York with him. Cast Mary-Kate Olsen - Charlotte \"Charli\" Hunter Ashley Olsen - Leila Hunter Michelangelo Tommaso - Paolo Derek Lee Nixon - Ryan Leslie Danon - Jamie Julian Stone - Derek Hammond Archie Kao - Nobu Ilenia Lazzarin - Dari Valentina Mattolini - Heidi Matt Patresi - Mr. Enrico Tortoni References External links 2002 films 2002 direct-to-video films 2002 romantic comedy-drama films 2000s American films 2000s coming-of-age comedy-drama films 2000s English-language films 2000s teen comedy-drama films 2000s teen romance films American coming-of-age comedy-drama films American romantic comedy-drama films American teen comedy-drama films American teen romance films Direct-to-video comedy-drama films Films about twin sisters Films set in Rome Films shot in Rome Warner Bros. direct-to-video films", "title": "When in Rome (2002 film)" }, { "docid": "3139643", "text": "How the West Was Fun is a 1994 Revisionist western film starring Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen. Synopsis Eight-year-old twin girls Jessica and Susie Martin (Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen) live with their father, Stephen (Patrick Cassidy), in Philadelphia. They have a dream about a man saying, \"This town ain't big enough for the three of us\" and having a shootout but argue who makes their move first. One day, they receive a letter from their late mother Sarah's godmother, Natty (Phillips), inviting them to a dude ranch. She, not knowing about Sarah's death, wants her to come help at the ranch. She is having financial problems because the ranch has too few paying visitors and, although she has offers, she does not want to sell it. The girls try to ask their dad's uptight boss, \"The Dragon Lady\" (Ms. Plaskett), for his vacation time, only to get him fired. They lie and say that she said that they could go. They go to the ranch and attempt to help Natty. As they arrive they meet George Tailfeathers (Cardinal), Natty's friendly but mysterious Native American ranch foreman, and they become fast friends. But Natty's dim-witted son, Bart Gifooley (Mull), immediately condescends to and patronizes the girls. Sarah's horse, Lightning, leads them to her secret hideout. They find half of a stone owl and bear, plus her diary which tells how Bart had once tried to set fire to the ranch, and about his secret hideout in a place called \"The Bear's Mouth\". As they finish reading, they see smoke and start running towards it, thinking it is another fire, but find it is Bart burning papers. They lie to him that an ember landed on the roof so they can find out what they are. They find out that he has been turning people away from the ranch. Trying to take a letter to Natty to show what he is doing, they are chased by him. He tears up the letter and snarls, \"This ranch ain't big enough for the three of us\", which brings the girls to a conclusion that he was the one in the dream. Right before Bart can do any more, George backs them up with a riding lesson. At lunch, despite Bart's orders not to, they convince Natty to fix up the ranch and open it again. Later, Bart finds out that Stephen was fired and is about to tell him the truth, but instead decides to give the girls a chance to tell it themselves. Despite Natty's offers, he turns down her job offerings. Later, the girls find a hidden trap door under a stuffed bear (The Bear's Mouth), go inside, and find out that Bart is selling the ranch to make it into Gifooley Land Theme Park. Before Natty is about to sign the deed to the ranch to him, the girls convince her what he is plotting. Heartbroken, she orders him off her land, or else he would \"get a good spanking\". Meanwhile, Stephen", "title": "How the West Was Fun" }, { "docid": "7293185", "text": "Get a Clue is a 2002 Disney Channel Original Movie starring Lindsay Lohan. Get a Clue may also refer to: Get a Clue (1997 film), a film based on the novel The Westing Game by Ellen Raskin \"Get a Clue\", a song by Prozzäk from their album Ready Ready Set Go, and the theme song from the 2002 film Get a Clue, a Lizzie McGuire book \"Get a Clue\", a round in the 2014 television game show Win, Lose or Draw Get a Clue, an online curriculum produced by FableVision Mary-Kate and Ashley: Get a Clue, a 2000 Mary-Kate and Ashley video game Get a Clue (game show), a 2020 Game Show Network original series hosted by Rob Belushi See also Shaggy & Scooby-Doo Get a Clue!, an American animated television series", "title": "Get a Clue (disambiguation)" }, { "docid": "33855507", "text": "The 17th Youth in Film Awards ceremony (now known as the Young Artist Awards), presented by the Youth in Film Association, honored outstanding youth performers under the age of 21 in the fields of film, television and music for the 1994–1995 season, and took place in 1996 in Hollywood, California. Established organization to establish an awards ceremony specifically set to recognize and award the contributions of performers under the age of 21 in the fields of film, television, theater and music. Categories ★ Bold indicates the winner in each category. Best Young Performer in a Feature Film Best Young Leading Actor: Feature Film ★ Wil Horneff – Born to Be Wild Jerry Barone – Two Bits Jesse Bradford – Far From Home: The Adventures of Yellow Dog Brad Renfro & Joseph Mazzello – The Cure Hal Scardino – The Indian in the Cupboard Ryan Slater – The Amazing Panda Adventure Jonathan Taylor Thomas – Tom and Huck Best Young Leading Actress: Feature Film ★ Anna Chlumsky – Gold Diggers: The Secret of Bear Mountain Vanessa Lee Chester – A Little Princess Liesel Matthews – A Little Princess Christina Ricci – Casper Claire Danes – Home for the Holidays Kirsten Dunst – Jumanji Nicole Lund – Gold Diggers: The Secret of Bear Mountain Alicia Silverstone – Clueless Best Young Supporting Actor: Feature Film ★ Jonathan Hernandez – My Family Joseph Anderson – Mr. Holland's Opus Steve Cardenas – Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: The Movie Rishi Bhat – The Indian in the Cupboard Thomas Ian Nicholas – A Kid in King Arthur's Court Best Young Supporting Actress: Feature Film ★ Kristy Young – Gordy Stacey Dash – Clueless Julia Devin – The Tie That Binds Brittany Murphy – Clueless Jean Marie Barnwell – Born to Be Wild Sarah Wayne – Magic in the Water Yi Ding – The Amazing Panda Adventure Best Performance by a Young Actor Under 10: Feature Film ★ Nicholas John Renner – Mr. Holland's Opus Jimmy Baker – Man of the House Dylan Haggerty – Grizzly Mountain Joshua Haines – Three Wishes Joel Palmer – Far From Home: The Adventures of Yellow Dog Andy Ryan – Paul McCall Best Performance by a Young Actress Under 10: Feature Film ★ Scarlett Pomers – The Baby-Sitters Club Courtney Chase – Roommates Bethany Richards – Angus Ashley Olsen – It Takes Two Mary-Kate Olsen – It Takes Two Best Young Performer in a TV Special Best Performance by a Young Actor: TV Special ★ Mike McCarthy – Deadly Whispers Robert Bishop – Breach of Faith Geoffrey Scott Brown – Fast Forward Toran Caudell – Max Is Missing Noah Fleiss – A Mother's Prayer Victor Rajas – Max is Missing Shane Sweet – Indictment: The McMartin Trial Best Performance by a Young Actress: TV Special ★ Sandee Van Dyke – The Judds Kyndra Joy Casper – The Great Mom Swap Robin Lynn Heath – The Stranger Ashley Johnson – Annie: A Royal Adventure! Laura Morgan – Love Can Build a Bridge Best", "title": "17th Youth in Film Awards" }, { "docid": "8267243", "text": "The Last Best Year is a 1990 American made-for-television drama film starring Mary Tyler Moore and Bernadette Peters concerning a lonely woman who discovers that she has a terminal illness. It premiered on ABC on November 4, 1990. Plot summary Jane (Bernadette Peters) visits a doctor (Brian Bedford) after becoming ill during a business trip. She is told that she has a terminal illness and is referred to a psychologist, Wendy Haller (Mary Tyler Moore), to help her in dealing with the emotional aspects of the illness. Jane, although successful at business, leads a solitary life except for occasional times she spends with her married lover, Jerry, who leaves her during her crisis. Reluctant to open herself emotionally at first, she soon warms to Wendy. Jane makes a last trip to visit her beloved Aunt Lizzie (Carmen Mathews). Jane finally faces the secret she has been hiding for years, that she gave her infant son up for adoption. As she makes peace with guilt from her troubled past and comes to terms with her fate she gains loving support from Aunt Lizzie, Wendy, and Amy and Peter, her co-workers. She returns to the faith she had turned from and makes contact with her grown son. Wendy, also, has had a troubled past and, through her relationship with Jane, resolves her own issues, especially with her mother Anne. Cast Mary Tyler Moore as Wendy Haller Bernadette Peters as Jane Murray Brian Bedford as Dr. Castle Carmen Mathews as Aunt Lizzie Kate Reid as Sister Mary Rose Kenneth Welsh as Jerry Erika Alexander as Amy Dorothy McGuire as Anne Lawrence Dane as John Dennis Michael Hogan as Billy Haller Albert Schultz as Peter Hamm Bathsheba Garnett as Mrs. Morton Michael J. Reynolds as Wisnovsky Production The story in The Last Best Year is based on the experiences of the executive producer, Victoria Riskin, wife of the writer David Rintels. Peters previously worked with the director John Erman on her feature film debut, Ace Eli and Rodger of the Skies, and the television movie, David. Erman suggested Peters for the film. Riskin said of Moore and Peters \"Some people may think Mary Tyler Moore and Bernadette Peters...this movie is going to be a laugh a minute. But they're brilliant dramatic actresses.\" Responses John J. O'Connor wrote in his New York Times review: \"What takes place is that rare occurrence in films of any sort-a female bonding...Ms. Moore and Ms. Peters give marvelously restrained and touching performances.\" References External links 1990 television films 1990 films 1990 drama films American drama television films Films directed by John Erman Films scored by John Morris ABC Movie of the Week 1990s English-language films 1990s American films", "title": "The Last Best Year" }, { "docid": "2460824", "text": "The Challenge is a 2003 comedy film starring Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen, their final direct-to-video production. It was the last of seven direct-to-video films produced by Tapestry Films to star the Olsens. Plot Twin sisters, Shane (Mary-Kate Olsen) and Elizabeth Dalton (Ashley Olsen), live separately from one another on opposite ends of the country after their parents divorced years earlier. Shane, who lives with their mom in Los Angeles, is a chilled out, tree-hugging vegetarian who is very into nature and spiritual beliefs, while her estranged sister Lizzie, who lives with their dad in Washington, D.C. is a level-headed grade A student with a driven personality. However, unknown to each other, they both apply to be contestants on a reality game show filmed in Mexico called The Challenge, which tests contestants strength and survival skills in various challenges as they work as part of a team in order to win college scholarships. Marcus, (Brian Skala), the head intern at \"The Challenge\", informs the show's producer, Max (Joe Michael Burke), of their distant relationship. Knowing they dislike each other, Marcus puts both girls on the same team, Team Mayan, as part of a scheme to boost the show's ratings. Backstage, Shane meets and becomes close to Adam (Lukas Behnken), a laid-back jock who is put on the opposite team, Team Aztec. Team Aztec also includes Kelly (Sarah Bastian), an overly-competitive swimmer, JJ (Diana Carreno), a ditzy \"triple threat\" with dreams of stardom, and Charles (Ty Hodges), a calm and intuitive city boy who plans to study psychotherapy. Along with Shane and Lizzie, Team Mayan also includes Anthony (Theo Rossi), an Italian-American food enthusiast, and Justin (Zakk Moore), a surfer and skater from sunny Florida. At their first meeting, Max informs the group of the rules, which include a prohibition on romantic entanglements between contestants, as it can result in disqualification from a challenge. During the first challenge, Shane and Lizzie's bickering prevents them from working together, and Team Aztec wins the points. When Anthony and Justin make them realize that they'll need to pull together, they start putting aside their differences for the sake of the team. Over the first few days, Shane and Adam become more and more close, and Kelly suspects something is going on. At the same time, Lizzie starts hanging out behind the scenes with Marcus, although he is still being asked by Max to spy on the girls. Marcus finds out that Shane hates heights and that Lizzie is afraid of snakes, information which Max plans to use later on. Team Mayan win the fourth and fifth challenges, making the score 3-2 to Team Aztec, and Shane and Lizzie both start to respect what the other knows. One night, the girls sneak out to meet Marcus and Adam; but they're followed by Max who fails to get video footage of their meeting. However, Kelly manages to take a picture of Adam and Shane kissing and shows it to Max. He disqualifies both of them from the", "title": "The Challenge (2003 film)" }, { "docid": "4631298", "text": "KidVision was the children's home video division of AVision Entertainment, later WarnerVision Entertainment. It was launched in 1992 and started distributing videos on the January of 1993 with The Magic School Bus, The Puzzle Place, Shining Time Station, Kidsongs and the Real Wheels and Real Animals series. In 1995, with WarnerVision Entertainment's pact with Dualstar Video, luring away from BMG Kidz, they picked up the Mary-Kate & Ashley titles. On July 29, 1997, KidVision moved under Warner Home Video, and continued to distribute Magic School Bus videos until October 8, 2002. It was also the Warner Music Group division that was distributed by Warner Bros.’ Family Entertainment unit. Video Releases Shining Time Station (1993–1994) Real Wheels (There Goes A... & Rockin' Real Wheels) (1993–1996, 1998-1999, 2001-2003) The Adventures of Mary-Kate & Ashley (1994–1997) Real Animals (1994–1998) The Magic School Bus (1994–2002) Kidsongs (1995) You're Invited to Mary-Kate & Ashley's (1995–1997) Baby Goes... (1995) Dream Big (1995) Fay Presents (1995) NASCAR For Kids (1995) Kathie Lee's Rock n' Tots Cafe (1995) Gumby: The Movie (1995) References Home video companies of the United States Companies established in 1992 Companies disestablished in 2004 Warner Music labels Former Time Warner subsidiaries", "title": "KidVision" }, { "docid": "3726356", "text": "Eric Lutes (born August 19, 1962) is an American actor, known for his roles as Del Cassidy on Caroline in the City, Jerry Stanton in Switching Goals, and Jake Carlson on So Little Time (which starred both Mary-Kate Olsen and Ashley Olsen). His career started with several commercial spots. He then moved to New York City and appeared in many off-Broadway productions before finally making the move to Los Angeles, where he landed a role on Caroline in the City. He also played the KACL station manager Tom Duran in the second season of Frasier and has appeared in numerous TV movies. Lutes was born in Woonsocket, Rhode Island, and raised in Charlestown, Rhode Island, the son of Claire, a psychiatric nurse and astrologer, and John Lutes, an artist. Filmography Film Television References External links 1962 births Living people People from Woonsocket, Rhode Island American male television actors Male actors from Rhode Island", "title": "Eric Lutes" }, { "docid": "1184794", "text": "Kathryn Greenwood (born March 21, 1962) is a Canadian actress and comedian. She appeared on the American version of Whose Line Is It Anyway? numerous times, and played Grace Bailey on the Canadian television drama series Wind at My Back. Life and career Greenwood was born in Scarborough, Ontario. From an early age she wanted to be a performer and went to school at Agincourt Collegiate Institute. There she performed in school plays and concerts. After graduation in 1980, Greenwood spent the next two years studying acting at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts. In 1987, she returned to Toronto, and worked in a small night club act called A Wedge of Night. She spent five years with the Toronto branch of The Second City comedy troupe as a writer and a performer. Two of her shows won Dora Mavor Moore awards in 1988 and 1992. Shortly afterwards, she and her friends Jonathan Wilson and Ed Sahely developed what she called their \"Second City\" spin-off, Not to Be Repeated, in which the three improvised an entire situation comedy in front of a live audience, based solely on ideas and suggestions from the audience. She also appeared with Shirley Douglas and Kiefer Sutherland in The Glass Menagerie at the Royal Alexandra Theatre in spring 1997. Other notable appearances in Canada include This Hour Has 22 Minutes and Royal Canadian Air Farce. In 1996, Greenwood began regular work on Canadian television on the family drama series Wind at My Back. She worked for five years, full-time, playing Grace Bailey, a junior radio M.C. in the small town of New Bedford, Ontario, during the Great Depression. Her portrayal of Grace Bailey was nominated for a Gemini Award for Best Performance By an Actress in a Continuing Leading Role. In 1999, Kathy was cast as Denise Stanton in the TV movie Switching Goals, starring Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen. Later that same year, Greenwood commuted to Los Angeles to appear on such shows as The Drew Carey Show, the updated version of Hollywood Squares, and the American version of the improvisation game show Whose Line Is It Anyway?. Marriage and family Greenwood is married to television writer John Dolin; they have two daughters: Phoebe and Josephine. Phoebe was born in 2000, while Josephine was born in 2001. Current projects Greenwood is part of the sketch comedy troupe Women Fully Clothed, featuring what Eugene Levy calls \"the five funniest women in Canada.\" The group saw success in Canada and appeared in Edinburgh, Scotland. Filmography Film Television Awards/Nominations References External links 1962 births Living people Actresses from Toronto Canadian stage actresses Canadian television actresses Canadian women comedians Canadian women television personalities Canadian voice actresses Canadian television personalities Canadian sketch comedians Comedians from Toronto People from Scarborough, Ontario 20th-century Canadian actresses 21st-century Canadian actresses 20th-century Canadian comedians 21st-century Canadian comedians Canadian Comedy Award winners", "title": "Kathy Greenwood" }, { "docid": "31033459", "text": "Mary Claire Helldorfer is young adult and children's author. She is a graduate of Mercy High School (Baltimore, Maryland) She has written numerous picture books for children under her real name Mary Claire Helldorfer. She also writes romance novels include Summer in the City, Love at First Click and the romance-mystery Kissed by an Angel under her pen name, Elizabeth Chandler. She is also known for her suspense filled series Dark Secrets. Dark Secrets series Dark Secrets 1 (August 4, 2009): the first book in the Dark Secrets series. The book includes two stories, Legacy of Lies and Don't Tell. In Legacy of Lies, Megan has to stay with the uptight grandmother she wants nothing to do with. She's determined to get through the visit without any drama, but when she falls into a twisted love triangle with potentially fatal consequences, Megan may be caught up in her family's legacy in more ways than she realizes. In Don't Tell, Lauren knows that by returning to the town where her mother drowned seven years ago, she'll be reliving one of her most haunting memories. When she arrives, she is propelled into a series of mysterious events that mimic the days leading up to her mother's death. Maybe her mother's drowning wasn't an accident after all...and maybe Lauren is next. Dark Secrets 2 (May 4, 2010): the second book in the series. The book includes two stories, No Time to Die and The Deep End of Fear. In No Time to Die, Jenny is devastated by the recent death of her sister, Liza. Looking for a sense of closure, she secretly signs up for the drama camp where Liza died. Jenny knows that someone here holds the key to what really happened to Liza that night, but if she doesn't find out the truth soon, she may become the next victim. In The Deep End of Fear, Kate has tried to bury the horrible memories associated with the Westbrook estate. After her best friend Ashley drowned on the estate, Kate vowed never to return. But now, twelve years later, she is drawn back towards the house and that fatal icy pond. There, Kate still feels Ashley's presence and the past seems to be pulling her back towards Ashley's life-threatening dares. Dark Secrets 3: The Back Door of Midnight (November 16, 2010): the third book in the series. Anna knows her family is crazy. But when she goes to visit her aunt and uncle for the summer and learns that her uncle’s charred body has been found, her life reaches a new level of insanity. Her erratic aunt’s “psychic” abilities are exaggerated by her grief, and have become borderline violent. Alone in an unfamiliar town, Anna struggles to pick up the pieces and establish any sense of normalcy. She desperately wants to trust Zack, the cute boy next door, but even he might know more about the incident than he is letting on. But when Anna starts feeling an inexplicable pull to the", "title": "Mary Claire Helldorfer" }, { "docid": "34507177", "text": "Steve Purcell is an American film director and producer. For much of his career he worked on a number of live concert films with artists such as Meat Loaf, Alanis Morissette, Trisha Yearwood, B.B. King and Yanni. In 2001, he directed the comedy concert film The Queens of Comedy. From 2001 to 2002, he directed Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen in the films Holiday in the Sun, Getting There and When in Rome. He previously worked with the Olsens in a number of You're Invited to Mary-Kate & Ashley's... productions as a director and editor. References External links American documentary film directors American film producers Living people Place of birth missing (living people) Year of birth missing (living people)", "title": "Steve Purcell (director)" }, { "docid": "8170319", "text": "Hong Ying Animation Co., Ltd. () is a Chinese animation studio founded in 1986. The studio has worked on several American and other foreign cartoons. Works Hong Ying animated, inked, and/or painted for the following TV shows: The Adventures of Sam (layouts only) Adventures of Sonic the Hedgehog Animal Stories Archie's Weird Mysteries Alienators: Evolution Continues Basquash! Batman: The Animated Series (layouts only) The Butterfly Lovers: Leon and Jo Care Bears: Adventures in Care-a-lot Le Chevalier D'Eon (made in France) Chowder Christmas in Cartoonland Clifford the Big Red Dog DC Nation (\"Deadman\" segments) Dennis and Gnasher (1996) (made in the UK) Downtown Double Dragon DinoSquad Extreme Dinosaurs Gadget Boy & Heather Gadget and the Gadgetinis Gargoyles Golgo 13 TV Series Gordon the Garden Gnome Gowap The Haunted Pumpkin of Sleep Hollow Hero: 108 Hey Arnold! Horrid Henry Horseland iZ and the Zizzles James Bond Jr. Kenny the Shark (overseas animation) Kung Fu Dino Posse (was hired, but not in post-production) Liberty's Kids LeapFrog (direct-to-video only) Llama Llama The New Adventures of Madeline Madeline: Lost in Paris Mary-Kate and Ashley in Action! Mighty Max Mortal Kombat: Defenders of the Realm Moville Mysteries (Nelvana: Canada) My Goldfish Is Evil! Nickelodeon's DIC Movie Toons Oscar's Orchestra Pelswick (Nelvana: Canada) Phineas and Ferb Pocket Dragon Adventures Pond Life Princess Gwenevere and the Jewel Riders Robotomy Sabrina: The Animated Series (entire series) Sabrina's Secret Life Secret Mountain Fort Awesome Seven Little Monsters (Seasons 1-2) (Nelvana: Canada) Sherlock Holmes in the 22nd Century Sonic Underground (complete series) Stargate Infinity Strawberry Shortcake (2003/2007) Street Sharks Stunt Dawgs Super Dave Sushi Pack The Likeaballs The Magic Key The Wacky World of Tex Avery Taichi Kid Trollz What About Mimi? (Studio B: Canada) X-Men (Graduation Day) Yamucha's – Kung Fu Academy YoYoMan Yvon of the Yukon (Studio B: Canada) As a subcontractor for Wang Film Productions: The Adventures of Raggedy Ann and Andy Beetlejuice The Care Bears Family Clifford's Fun with Letters The Comic Strip (\"Street Frogs\" and \"Karate Kat\" segments) The Completely Mental Misadventures of Ed Grimley Dink, the Little Dinosaur Eek! The Cat/The Terrible Thunderlizards Garbage Pail Kids Police Academy: The Animated Series Popeye and Son A Pup Named Scooby-Doo The Real Ghostbusters (Slimer! segments) Rockin' with Judy Jetson Scooby-Doo and the Ghoul School The Smurfs Wildfire The World of David the Gnome'' References External links Official website Taiwanese animation studios Chinese animation studios Mass media companies established in 1986 1992 establishments in China Companies based in Taipei Companies based in Suzhou 1986 establishments in Taiwan", "title": "Hong Ying Animation" }, { "docid": "25276528", "text": "The second season of the family sitcom Full House originally aired on ABC between October 14, 1988 and May 5, 1989. From this season onward, Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen are credited in the opening credits. Plot In season two, Danny is fired from his job as a sportscaster and instead is promoted to a higher position as the host of a morning talk show titled Wake Up San Francisco, earning him a co-host named Rebecca Donaldson (Lori Loughlin) and Jesse's potential love interest. Meanwhile, Jesse and Joey become best friends (much to Danny's jealousy) and start doing advertising jingles together. D. J. begins sixth grade and Stephanie enters first grade. Main cast John Stamos as Jesse Katsopolis Bob Saget as Danny Tanner Dave Coulier as Joey Gladstone Candace Cameron as D. J. Tanner Jodie Sweetin as Stephanie Tanner Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen as Michelle Tanner Episodes See also List of Full House episodes References General references 1988 American television seasons 1989 American television seasons 2", "title": "Full House season 2" }, { "docid": "15103329", "text": "Over Her Dead Body is a 2008 American romantic comedy film starring Eva Longoria, Paul Rudd, Lake Bell, Lindsay Sloane and Jason Biggs. It was written and directed by Jeff Lowell. The film is about Kate (Eva Longoria), who dies on the day of her wedding to fiancé Henry (Paul Rudd). He subsequently begins a relationship with psychic Ashley (Lake Bell) who becomes haunted by Kate trying to sabotage their relationship. The film was released in the United States and Canada on February 1, 2008. Plot Kate and Henry are a happy couple. Henry proposed to Kate and they are about to be married, but on the day of their wedding, Kate is accidentally killed by an ice sculpture angel, because of the actions of an ice sculptor. Unaware that she has died and her soul left her body, Kate awakens in Purgatory, and wastes precious time arguing with an angel who finally leaves before she can explain to Kate what she must do to move on. A year later, Henry's sister Chloe hopes that he will find closure by consulting beautiful Ashley, a psychic who also runs a catering business with her gay best friend Dan. After an unsuccessful first meeting, Chloe gives Kate's diary to Ashley so that she can pretend to communicate with Kate and convince Henry to move on with his life. In the process, Henry and Ashley fall in love with each other... much to the consternation of Kate, who has been watching over Henry. When Kate voices her displeasure, Ashley hears her, unaware of what it means. Angry over Ashley's deception and uncertain of what she is supposed to do, Kate later encounters the ice sculptor, and discovers that he is also a ghost (a result of a drunk driving crash). He explains to her that they must deal with their unfinished business. Believing that her job is to protect Henry, Kate proceeds to harass Ashley (who is the only one who can see or hear Kate). Using her ghostly abilities of intangibility, levitation, and auditory hallucination, Kate hopes to force Ashley to break up with Henry. Ashley persists, but then Henry discovers the fraud with the diary and breaks off the relationship. Despondent over the break-up, Ashley turns to Dan for solace, but is further distraught when Dan reveals that he is not gay and has secretly been in love with her for years. Over time, Ashley and Dan eventually reconcile. After several months of watching Henry fall back into a depressed funk, Kate encounters the sculptor once more, who points out that if she had resolved her unfinished business, she would have moved on to Heaven by now. When the sculptor asks her what she really wants, Kate reluctantly admits that she only wants Henry to be happy... and realizes that he could be happy with Ashley. Then the sculptor reveals that Kate was his unfinished business and he had to get her to do the right thing before moving on, which", "title": "Over Her Dead Body" }, { "docid": "28810760", "text": "Joe Vaughan is a Canadian recording engineer, musician, and currently, professor of audio engineering in the Music Industry Arts program at Fanshawe College. He is also a founder and co-owner of EMAC Recording Studios in London, Ontario. Early life Vaughan was born in Niagara Falls, Ontario and began playing drums at the age of 10. He played in local area bands while in high school, and later joined Stytch in which guitarist Derry Grehan of Canadian rock band fame Honeymoon Suite was a member. Career In 1977 Vaughan attended the Music Industry Arts program at Fanshawe College in London, Ontario and graduated in 1980 with a diploma in recording engineering. During his last year at Fanshawe, Vaughan started EMAC Recording Studios with classmate Robert Nation. Throughout the 1980s busy punk scene, Vaughan and Robert Nation recorded albums for the likes of 63 Monroe, the Zellots, Sheep Look Up, the Crawling King Snakes, Mettle and others. While continuing his audio engineering career in the 1990s, Vaughan also would play drums on recording sessions and live shows for various local area talent. One act that he played for, Canadian children's performer Glenn Bennett, eventually broke out and Vaughan went on to release three albums for BMG America, music videos for Disney, and he toured with the band throughout Canada, the United States and Japan. Through this relationship with Bennett, Vaughan also had the opportunity to play on and engineer the music soundtracks for a number of The Olsen Twins' music videos featuring Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen. In 1999 Vaughan departed on a career change, returning to his alma matta Fanshawe College to teach part-time in the Music Industry Arts program. In 2003 he accepted a full-time professor position and continues today to mentor young students in art of making quality music recordings. Vaughan is also a member of the Canadian Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences and since 2005 has been the chair of the engineering committee for the Juno Award category of Recording Engineer of the Year. He also participates in educational panels for the Audio Engineering Society. Selected discography Sectorseven – Along the Way, Dual & Sectorseven Thomas Wade – Thomas Wade & Wayward & Lucky 13 Headstrong – Headstrong John Kapelos – Sid the Karaoke Kid Denise Pelley – I'm Home '63 Monroe – '63 Monroe NFG, Stinkin' Out The Joint, Henry VIII & White Christmas Randy Carville – You'll Be The First To Know Twice Shy – Take Me Dancing Mettle – Mettle Glenn Bennett – Let's Go on Safari, I Like My Music with a Beat, I Must Be Growing & London Orchestra & Glenn Bennett The Adventures of Dudley the Dragon – Soundtrack The Olsen Twins – The Olsen Twins – Greatest Hits: Vol.2, The Adventures of Mary-Kate and Ashley – The Case of the Mystery Cruise [VHS] 1997 / The Case of the United States Navy Adventure [VHS] (1997) / The Case of the Hotel Who-Done-It [VHS] (1996) / The Case of the Volcano Mystery", "title": "Joe Vaughan" }, { "docid": "57032042", "text": "Mary-Kate and Ashley: Winners Circle is a 2001 video game developed for the Game Boy Color by M4 Ltd. and by Tantalus Media for the PlayStation, and published by Acclaim Entertainment. Gameplay Winners Circle is a horse riding game in which the player selects and raises a horse to raise in a series of equestrian challenges. In the Game Boy Color version of the game, players select from a choice of four horses, and complete a collection of courses with obstacles under a time limit to earn ribbons and trophies in order to unlock more horses to ride and courses to complete. The PlayStation version is slightly more complex, with an 'Adventure' mode where players can freely ride their horse, train, feed and groom them, and unlock outfits through earning ribbons in races and competitions. Reception Winners Circle received mixed reviews. Official UK PlayStation Magazine stated that the game was \"actually entertaining, though ultimately limited and repetitive\". Chris Baker of Official US PlayStation Magazine stated the game \"might have some tweenagers hot to trot\", but found the game had \"frustrating controls\". References External links 2001 video games PlayStation (console) games Game Boy Color games Video games based on real people Video games featuring female protagonists Video games developed in the United States Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen", "title": "Mary-Kate and Ashley: Winners Circle" }, { "docid": "53581728", "text": "The Unauthorized Full House Story is a 2015 American television drama film directed by Brian K. Roberts and written by Ron McGee. It follows the behind-the-scenes making of the sitcom Full House. It stars Garrett Brawith, Justin Mader, Justin Gaston, Stephanie Bennett, Shelby Armstrong, Brittney Wilson, and Dakota Guppy. It premiered on Lifetime on August 22, 2015, drawing 1.6 million viewers. Plot The behind the scenes story of the TV show Full House. It begins in 1985, with Bob Saget and Dave Coulier as struggling comedians, with John Stamos as a former heartthrob having recently played Blackie Parrish on General Hospital, all eventually accepting roles for Jeff Franklin's new family sitcom. As the show progresses, Bob becomes disillusioned with the show not reflecting his raunchier style of comedy, but he also accepts a role as the host of America's Funniest Home Videos, which puts a strain on his home life. The mother of the Olsen Twins is concerned with her twins being in show business, especially when they become the breakout stars of the show. Both Bob and Dave lose a sister, and Jeff eventually leaves the show to focus on his new show Hanging with Mr. Cooper, and the show comes to an end in 1995, after eight seasons. The film ends with the cast reuniting at the wedding of Candace Cameron-Bure. Cast Garrett Brawith as Bob Saget Justin Mader as Dave Coulier Justin Gaston as John Stamos Stephanie Bennett as Lori Loughlin Shelby Armstrong as Younger Candace Cameron Brittney Wilson as Older Candace Cameron Dakota Guppy as Younger Jodie Sweetin Jordyn Ashley Olson as Older Jodie Sweetin Blaise Todd as Toddler Mary-Kate Olsen Kinslea Todd as Toddler Ashley Olsen Calla Jones as Mary-Kate Olsen Age 6 Tyla Jones as Ashley Olsen Age 6 Kylie Armstrong as Mary-Kate Olsen Age 9 Jordan Armstrong as Ashley Olsen Age 9 Aislyn Watson as Younger Andrea Barber Jaime Schneider as Older Andrea Barber Ali Liebert as Gay Saget Ashley Diana Morris as Rebecca Romijn References External links 2015 television films 2015 films American films based on actual events 2015 drama films American drama television films Lifetime (TV network) films Films about television 2010s English-language films 2010s American films", "title": "The Unauthorized Full House Story" }, { "docid": "1357188", "text": "Robert Clark (born March 14, 1987) is a US-born Canadian actor. After building experience in singing, stage and limited television work in the 1990s, he has gone on to roles in various small screen productions, most notably The Zack Files and Strange Days at Blake Holsey High. Life and career Clark was born in Chicago, Illinois, and is the younger brother of Degrassi: The Next Generation star Daniel Clark. In 1988, his mother, Suzanne, relocated with her two sons to Boca Raton, Florida. When she remarried in 1991, the entire family moved to Canada, near Toronto. Clark joined the Belfountain Singers (based in Caledon, Ontario), and performed at various live concerts, both with the group and solo. The Singers performed at the 1997 Winter Special Olympics, and they also sang on the national talk show Open Mike with Mike Bullard. Clark (with his brother, Daniel) attended the Randolph School for the Performing Arts, and successfully completed the school's Kids Triple-Threat Musical Theatre Program. Acting Clark's very first professional acting role was opposite hockey player Wayne Gretzky in a television commercial for Honey Comb cereal. Under his mother's guidance, he used his previous singing experience in auditions for stage productions such as Lyla Rules.Ragtime (1998) and Beauty and the Beast, though he lost the role in the latter to his brother. He subsequently managed to clinch a recurring role in the television show I Was a Sixth Grade Alien (starring his brother), and made several guest appearances in programs such as Eerie, Indiana: The Other Dimension (also starring his real-life brother), Real Kids, Real Adventures, and Twice in a Lifetime. Clark's acting career was unlimited to the small screen, however; in Superstar (1999), Clark was Eric Slater (Harland Williams) as a child. He later won small parts in a few television movies: Switching Goals (1999) with Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen, as a Goth in The Ride (2000), and in All-American Girl: The Mary Kay Letourneau Story (2000), as the son of real-life convicted child rapist Mary Kay Letourneau. In Rated X (2000), a fact-based film directed by and starring Emilio Estevez, Clark played the younger version of Charlie Sheen's character; a boy physically abused by his father who would grow up to become an adult film director. Following this, Clark had a more prominent role as a street windscreen wiper who donates his life savings of $4.30 to a murder investigation in the A&E Network's original film The Golden Spiders: A Nero Wolfe Mystery, the pilot for the A&E series A Nero Wolfe Mystery. Variety's Steve Oxman spoke highly of the production, calling the cast \"a stellar ensemble\" and noting that \"the performances are more than the sum of their parts\". His first lead role came in the science fiction television show The Zack Files (2000), which its creators described as \"an X-Files for kids\". The show lasted just two seasons, but for his efforts Clark won a Young Artist Award for Leading Young Actor in a Drama Series, and producer", "title": "Robert Clark (actor)" }, { "docid": "6614717", "text": "Tonya Hurley is an American writer and director in film, television, live performance, and interactive media, known as co-creator and co-producer of the 2001 television series So Little Time, which featured the Olsen twins. Her work with them continued in Mary-Kate and Ashley in Action!, spanning 4 episodes, and as co-executive producer of various tie-in video games. She is also an author of young adult fiction, including the New York Times bestselling book series ghostgirl. Precious Blood, the first book in The Blessed trilogy, was published in 2012, and Passionaries, the second book, was released January 7, 2013. A third novel entitled Hallowed followed up in 2015. The Blessed audiobook is read by Moonrise Kingdom star Kara Hayward. Her books are published in nearly 30 countries and in more than 20 languages. Early career Hurley began her career as a music publicist for artists such as Prince, George Michael, Depeche Mode, The Cure, Bush, Erasure, Morrissey, The B-52’s, Paul Westerberg, John Cale, The Three Tenors and Johnny Rotten, among others. Both Tonya and her twin sister Tracy originally moved to New York with the aspiration of becoming musicians, but instead ended up working at the publicity firm founded by Michael Pagnotta, Tonya's future husband. Written works Her work includes Kiss My Brain (1997); The Biblical Real World (1998); Solo-Me-O (1999), first broadcast on PBS in their documentary series Reel New York; and Baptism of Solitude: A Tribute To Paul Bowles (2000), a Tribeca Film Festival selection which aired on the Independent Film Channel, nominated for a Rockefeller Foundation Award in film, and distributed on a DVD through The United Nations. Best Friend (2001) premiered at the 2002 Tribeca Film Festival and Edinburgh Film Festival and was broadcast on Trio. She wrote a feature-length script, Good Mourning, which made the semi-finals of the Sundance Institute's Writer's Lab. She has written and directed book trailers for her own books and co-wrote and co-directed two stop-motion music videos for Erasure – \"Gaudete\" and \"Make It Wonderful\". Television and other media Hurley was co-creator and co-producer of the sitcom So Little Time (ABC Family) and the animated Mary-Kate and Ashley in Action! (ABC) both starring Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen. She was the primary provider of original content for the mary-kateandashley website and creator and co-executive producer of mary-kateandashley brand video games for PlayStation 2 and Game Boy. She wrote, produced, and directed commercials related to the property for Warner Home video, PlayStation, and Game Boy, and developed Mary-Kate and Ashley dolls and boardgames for Mattel. Hurley and her sister ran Hurley Sisters Productions. ghostgirl Hurley's series ghostgirl was launched in 2002 on ghostgirl.com and published as a Young Adult series from Little, Brown, and Co. in 2008. The first novel of the series received starred reviews from Publishers Weekly, Kirkus Reviews, Voice of Youth Advocates, and School Library Journal. It hit the New York Times best-seller list the week of September 14, 2008. The books have been optioned for film by director Matthew Vaughan.", "title": "Tonya Hurley" }, { "docid": "5576159", "text": "The Lionhearts is an American animated television series from MGM that aired on Saturday and Sunday mornings in syndication from September 19 to December 12, 1998. The series aired on syndication in the United States and was also seen in Australia and Latin America (translated into Spanish as Los Corazón de León). The show was last seen on Teletoon in Canada in the early 2000s. The Lionhearts was one of the last series produced by Claster Television Incorporated and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Animation. Plot The Lionhearts focuses on the behind the scenes life of MGM's mascot, Leo Lionheart, and his family. The series shows The Lionhearts living in a normal house and living a normal life just like non-celebrity families. Most of the members of the family are named after famous MGM movie stars. The characters first appeared on a series of Sing-Along children's videos released by MGM in 1997. The original character designs (especially those of Spencer and Kate) were greatly modified for the TV series. Ashley Tisdale provided the voice of Kate in the Sing-Along videos, while Charles Rocket was the voice of Leo, Lana was voiced by Debra Jo Rupp and Chris Marquette did the voice of Spencer . Characters Lionheart Family Leo Lionheart Jr. (voiced by: William H. Macy in the TV series, Charles Rocket in the \"MGM Sing-Along\" videos): Leo is the father, husband and provider of the family. He works as the mascot for MGM's movies, a role which was passed onto him by father Leo Sr. One of Leo's favorite things to do when gets the chance is to nap. In the TV series, he wore a blue sweater. In the \"MGM Sing-Alongs\" videos, he was typically naked, but sometimes wore a grey shirt, a black trenchcoat and hat when going to or leaving work. Lana Lionheart (voiced by: Peri Gilpin in the TV series, Debra Jo Rupp in the \"MGM Sing-Along\" videos): Lana is the mother and wife of the family, she is also the glue that keeps the family from falling apart. She used to work as an acrobat in the circus. She was named after Lana Turner. In the TV series, she had short red hair and wore a purple long sleeved blouse and cyan pants. In the \"MGM Sing-Alongs\" videos, she wore a purple dress that varied between long-sleeved, short-sleeved and sleeveless. Kate Lionheart (voiced by: Natasha Slayton in the TV Series, Ashley Tisdale in the \"MGM Sing-Along\" videos): Kate is the oldest of the three children Leo and Lana have, she's 10 years old. She likes to e-mail, talk to her friends, ride horses and go to school. Kate is very tolerant of her siblings, and a very polite girl overall. Kate is named after Katharine Hepburn. In the TV series, she had red hair in a ponytail and wore a pink t-shirt with a heart shape in the center, purple pants and teal sneakers. In the \"MGM Sing-Alongs\" videos, she was much younger, had glasses and short hair, wore", "title": "The Lionhearts" }, { "docid": "65575151", "text": "Wayward Guide is an American comedy-horror web television series created by Corey Lubowich, Brian Rosenthal, and Joey Richter. It follows twin podcasting duo, Artemis (Mary Kate Wiles) and Paul Schue-Horyn (Steve Zaragoza), who investigate the fictional town of Connor Creek. The show also features an ensemble including Sean Astin, Darren Criss, Carlos Valdes, A. J. Holmes, Ashley Clements, Titus Makin, Cassie Silva, Dylan Saunders, Joanna Sotomura, Jon Cozart, Lauren Lopez, Nick Lang, and Clayton Snyder. Along with quarter-hour episodes being released to YouTube, the show also hosts an in-universe podcast hosted by Wiles and Zaragoza. The series' first episode premiered on October 12, 2020, at a drive-in hosted by Tin Can Brothers. The first episode was released on YouTube on October 13, 2020. Premise Wayward Guide follows the adventures of twin podcasting team Artemis and Paul Schue-Horyn as they investigate a mystery in the mining town of Connor Creek. But what starts as a corruption investigation gets a lot hairier when it’s revealed that the oddballs of this small town are harboring a dark and furry secret: Werewolves. Cast Main Mary Kate Wiles as Artemis Schue-Horyn Steve Zaragoza as Paul Schue-Horyn Recurring Joanna Sotomura as Madison Reynolds Nick Lang as Aubrey Dockweiler Carlos Valdes as Dr. Henry Edwards Dylan Saunders as Desmond Brewer Lauren Lopez as Agnes Florentine Tara Perry as Olivia Tompkins / Riley Kirkland Corey Dorris as Quinn Cassidy Curt Mega as Cliff Irons Joey Richter as Crispin Lynch Gavyn Pickens as Helen Unger Cassie Silva as Truman Hensley Sean Persaud as Jeremiah Stillwater Ashley Clements as Mary Jo Walker Sinead Persaud as Rita Waldeburg Whitney Avalon as Rocky Irons Ryan Simpkins as Jewel Irons Sean Astin as Lesly Stone Gabe Greenspan as Ellis Walker A. J. Holmes as Sybilus Silver II Clayton Snyder as Vern Marrow Brian Rosenthal as Wallis Gale Daniel Strauss as Barney Fletcher Titus Makin Jr. as Silas Torsen Jon Cozart as Donny Meadows Brendan Bradley as Odie Doty Paul Komoroski as Garmin Patrick Saget Guest Amrita Dhaliwal as Prism Ed Powell as Ed Puppetman Darren Criss as Ryan Reynolds Jackie Emerson as Rebecca Spencer Devlin Howard as America's Favorite Podcast Host Sarah Grace Hart as The Mayor's Handler Diane Lopez-Richter as The Mayor Episodes Production Development A teaser-trailer for the series and podcast was released on Tin Can Brothers' YouTube channel on September 22, 2020. Team Starkid, a sister channel of the Tin Can Brothers, released a second announcement video for the series on September 30, 2020. Casting In the Tin Can Brother's announcement video, the full cast was announced. Darren Criss, Lauren Lopez, Joey Richter, and Dylan Saunders were seen during the video. Filming Principal Photography began in Los Angeles, California in summer 2017. Release The first four episodes premiered at a drive-in hosted by Tin Can Brothers on October 12, 2020. The first episode of the series was uploaded to YouTube on October 13, 2020. The video was viewed by 15K watchers on the premiere date. The first part of the", "title": "Wayward Guide for the Untrained Eye" }, { "docid": "3234432", "text": "Julie Lund (born November 2, 1979) is a Danish actress, radio host, and television presenter. Julie Lund trained at The Arts Educational School, London and TVI Actors Studio, New York City. Animated movies/voice-overs – Denmark 2009 Winx Club - The Movie – Tecna 2009 Disney's I Got a Rocket! – Gabby 2009 Disney's Special Agent Oso – Agent Dotty 2009 Disney's Hannah Montana: The Movie – Taylor Swift 2008 Barbie and the Diamond Castle – Alexa 2008 Disney's Cheetah Girls 3 – Aqua 2008 H2O: Just Add Water – Rikki 2008 The Latest Buzz – Rebecca 2008 Ni Hao, Kai-lan – Mei Mei 2008 Horseland – Sarah 2008 Bratz- Kaycee 2008 The Transformers: The Movie – Arcee 2008 Dinosapien – Courtney 2008 Happily N'Ever After – Stepsister/Rapunzel 2007 Disney's Disney Princess – Aurora 2007 Disney's Cinderella 3 – Drizella (singing voice) 2007 Disney's Jump In – Keisha 2007 Skyland 2007 Woody Woodpecker – Andy Pandy 2007 Disney's Peter Pan special edition – Wendy 2007 Xiaolin Showdown – Ashley/Katnappe 2007 Lenny & Tweek – Tweek 2006 Barbie in the 12 Dancing Princesses – Princess Blair 2006 Disneys The Emperor's New School – Yata/Princess Lalala 2006 My Gym Partner's a Monkey – Lupe 2006 The X's – Tuesday 2006 Bob The Builder – Caroline 2006 Juniper Lee – Jodi 2006 Ebb and Flo – Flo 2005 Renart The Fox – Hermeline 2005 A.T.O.M – Lioness 2005 Dragons II: The Metal Ages – Kyra 2005 Dragons: Fire and Ice – Princess Kyra 2005 Trollz – Onyx 2005 Winx Club – Tecna 2005 Pokémon – Vivian/Mary 2005 Duel Masters – Flora 2004 Beyblade – Dr. K 2004 Martin Mystery – Diana 2004 Strawberry Shortcake – Honey 2003 Mary-Kate and Ashley in Action! – Ashley 2003 Titeuf – Agathe 2003 Disneys Return to Neverland – Wendy 2002 Disneys The Hunchback of Notre Dame 2 – Madellaine 2002 Disneys Hercules: The Animated Series – Cassandra 2001 Disneys Pepper Ann 2000 Pokémon: The Movie 2000 – Maren 1998 Disneys Peter Pan – Wendy 1997 Disneys Hercules – Groupie 1996 Animaniacs – Katie Ka-Boom 1996 Disneys Homeward Bound II: Lost in San Francisco – Hope 1987 Babar – Flora 1987 Disneys Oliver & Company – Girl Theatre Polly in Crazy for You, Nyborg Voldspil, 2009 Svetlana in Chess, Sønderjyllands Symfoniorkester, 2008 Eponine in Les Misérables, FrederiksborgCentret, 2006 Marty in Grease, DK Tour, 2005 Diane de Lys in ''Klokkeren fra Notre Dame, Folketeatret and Det Danske Teater, 2004 Sirene in Atlantis, Tivolis Koncertsal, 2003 Frenchy in Grease, Fredericia Teater, 2003 Kamomilla in Folk og røvere i Kardemomme by, Bellevue Teatret, 2001–2003 Cecille in Annie, Amager Scenen, 1995–1996 Louisa in The Sound of Music, Amager Scenen, 1994–1995 Movies Sorte Kugler (2008) Familien Gregersen (2004) Nissernes Ø (2003) TV Host – Lotto (2008– ) Finalist – Elsk mig i nat. (2008) Host – Garito (2005–2007) Host – Game On (2005–2007) Danish Music Awards (2004) Audiobooks Kære Dødsbog af Sanne Søndergaard (2008) Veninder af Annika Holm (2008) CD recordings Dansk Melodi Grand", "title": "Julie Lund" }, { "docid": "46999172", "text": "Staten Island Summer is a 2015 American comedy film directed by Rhys Thomas and written by Colin Jost. The film stars Graham Phillips, Zack Pearlman, John DeLuca, Bobby Moynihan, Will Forte, Fred Armisen, Cecily Strong, Owen Benjamin and Ashley Greene. It was released for digital download on June 30, 2015, by Paramount Pictures. Plot The film follows Danny and Frank's last summer together before college. They are both working as lifeguards and trying to find summer hook ups. With a troubling setback they still manage to throw an end-of-the-summer party. Cast Graham Phillips as Danny Campbell Zack Pearlman as Frank Gomes John DeLuca as Anthony Bobby Moynihan as Skootch Mike O'Brien as Chuck Will Forte as Griffith Fred Armisen as Victor Cecily Strong as Mary Ellen Ashley Greene as Krystal Manicucci Owen Benjamin as Health Inspector Vincent Pastore as Leo Manicucci Kate Walsh as Mrs. Campbell Gina Gershon as Ms. Greeley Colin Jost as Officer Callahan Jim Gaffigan as Mr. Campbell Method Man as Konko Mary Birdsong as Bianca Manicucci Jackson Nicoll as Wendell Kate McKinnon as Mrs. Bandini Jr. Penny Marshall as Swim Club Worker Production On August 28, 2013, John DeLuca joined the cast. On September 18, 2013, Gina Gershon joined the cast. Principal photography began in August 2013. Release The film was released for digital download on June 30, 2015. The film was released on July 31, 2015, on Netflix. References External links 2015 films 2015 comedy films American comedy films Films scored by John Swihart Films set in 2014 Films set in Staten Island Films shot in New York City Paramount Pictures films 2010s English-language films 2010s American films", "title": "Staten Island Summer" }, { "docid": "22248107", "text": "Color Me Olsen is an 18-minute 2007 short independent film directed and written by Darren Stein. It was produced by Bryan Singer. Plot Bright-eyed 18-year-old identical twin brothers come to Hollywood with the age-old dream of becoming stars. When they see the performers in front of the world-famous Grauman's Chinese Theatre impersonating Superman, Dorothy and the Pirate Johnny, they think this could be their big break. Crossing the gender divide, they take on the roles of mega-famous twin sisters Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen, losing themselves in their \"roles\" of the tween superstars, until their fabricated personas threaten to overtake their own identities forever. Reviews After its showing at the Tribeca Film Festival, reviewer Daniel Montgomery characterized the film as \"ugly, depressing and vicious,\" asking \"Why would anyone write this, direct it, star in it, or watch it? It’s reprehensible and should be punishable by heavy fines and jail time. Grade: F.\" In contrast, online reviewer Scott Hoffman found the film \"at first cheerfully amusing and entertaining,\" but concluded that it was \"eerily similar to watching a great comedic sketch that's jettisoned to its punch line way too soon, with all the very important build up strangely absent.\" San Francisco Chronicle critic David Wiegand was \"not all that fond\" of \"a concept in search of smarter execution than you get here.\" Another Tribeca reviewer, Ryan Stewart, described the film as one of two from Mood Enhancer (Tribeca's short films program) that \"some will come away loving...There are a handful of genuine laughs in this one\". Cast Kelsey Sanders as Mary-Kate Olsen Jessica Amento as Ashley Olsen Ken Barnett as Superman Kevin Berntson as Glitter Dad Clint Catalyst as Oompa Loompa Peggy Dunne as Glitter Woman Edmund Entin as Ashley / Taylor Gary Entin as Mary-Kate / Hanson Dana Galinsky as Tourist Daughter Bruce Green as Pirate Johnny S.A. Griffin as Tourist Dad Liza Journo as Cupcake Girl Paul Ryjin as Sand Diane Salinger as Dorothy Rachel Winfree as Tourist Mom References External links 2007 films American short films 2007 short films American independent films Films produced by Bryan Singer Films directed by Darren Stein 2000s American films", "title": "Color Me Olsen" }, { "docid": "3000097", "text": "Winning London is a 2001 direct-to-video comedy film directed by Craig Shapiro and starring Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen. Plot Chloe Lawrence (Mary-Kate Olsen) is a very driven teenager and the leader of her high school's Model United Nations-team. After performing particularly well in a competition, Chloe's team is selected to attend the International Model United Nations in London, England. But when Randall, one of Chloe's team-mates, is unable to attend due to a family obligation, Chloe's twin sister, Riley (Ashley Olsen), steps in to take his place for the competition (and to get closer to Brian, another of Chloe's team-mates whom Riley happens to have a crush on). When the group arrives in London, they discover that someone's already representing their usual country: China. Undaunted, they improvise and end up representing the United Kingdom. Plenty of sight-seeing and shopping ensues, during which Chloe falls for James Browning, the son of a wealthy British nobleman named Lord Browning, who's being pressured by his dad to achieve more. As the competition progresses, Chloe's over-competitive nature stalls her budding romance, Riley tries to get closer to Brian, and the team earns both admiration and anger for their unconventional methods. Nevertheless, tribulations are weathered and lessons are learned about sportsmanship, overlooked friends, and enjoying one's youth. Cast Mary-Kate Olsen as Chloe Lawrence Ashley Olsen as Riley Lawrence Brandon Tyler as Brian Jesse Spencer as James Browning Rachel Roth as Rachel Eric Jungmann as Dylan Claire Yarlett as Julia Watson Steven Shenbaum as Harry Holmes Paul Ridley as Lord Browning Stephanie Arellano as Gabriella Blythe Matsui as Sakura Curtis Anderson as Goofy delegate Garikayi Mutambirwa as Niko Jeremy Maxwell as Jonathan Benton Jennings as Chef Jerry Gelb as Bell Captain Robert Phelps as Head Judge Jarrett Lennon as Randall Richard Alan Brown as Kid Leo Dolan, Ken Flori as Cockney cabbies References External links 2001 films 2001 direct-to-video films 2000s English-language films 2000s children's comedy films Films about high school debate Films set in London Warner Bros. direct-to-video films Films about twin sisters American children's comedy films 2001 comedy films Fiction about twins Films directed by Craig Shapiro 2000s American films", "title": "Winning London" }, { "docid": "14002017", "text": "Parachute Press is a division of Parachute Publishing, a packager of book series for children and teenagers. The four women listed as the company's principals are all themselves authors of children's books (among others), and Jane Stine is married to R. L. Stine. The press first gained notice with the 1989 publication of R. L. Stine's Fear Street series, followed in 1992 by the release of the first of Stine's Goosebumps series. Since that time the Parachute \"umbrella\" has expanded, and Parachute Press (as Parachute Publishing) has become a division of Parachute Properties, an \"international company that comprises children’s, teen, and adult publishing, entertainment, and consumer products\". Most of Parachute's literary products are produced under license for other publishing houses including HarperCollins. Titles Parachute still produces series written by its most successful author, R.L. Stine, including Dangerous Girls, Dangerous Girls 2, Mostly Ghostly and Beware! R.L. Stine Picks His Favorite Scary Stories. In 2003 all rights to his most famous series, Goosebumps, were acquired by Scholastic Corporation. Some of Parachute's other continuing series: The New Adventures of Mary-Kate & Ashley You're Invited to Mary-Kate & Ashley's Mary-Kate and Ashley: Graduation Summer Mary-Kate & Ashley Starring-In... Thomas Kinkade: Cape Light and Home Song Thomas Kinkade: The Girls of Lighthouse Lane Full House: Dear Michelle Two of a Kind So Little Time The Nightmare Room Confessions of a Teen Nanny The Dating Game The Party Room References Publishing companies established in 1983 Book publishing companies based in New York (state) 1983 establishments in New York (state)", "title": "Parachute Publishing" }, { "docid": "10971760", "text": "Richard Carter (11 December 1953 – 13 July 2019) was an Australian actor and stand up comedian who appeared in several television series and independent films. Ric Carter was a Sydney comedy store regular who branched into acting playing iconic roles in Television and Films, some of Carter's filmography includes Rabbit-Proof Fence, Hating Alison Ashley, Babe: Pig in the City, Happy Feet Two, Our Lips Are Sealed (with Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen) and Mad Max: Fury Road, the last of which was his final role. He died on the early hours of 13 July 2019 in Sydney, Australia after a brief illness. Filmography Film Television References External links 1953 births 2019 deaths Australian male film actors Australian male soap opera actors Australian male video game actors Australian male voice actors Male actors from Sydney 21st-century Australian male actors 20th-century Australian male actors", "title": "Richard Carter (actor)" }, { "docid": "87576", "text": "Mary-Kate Olsen and Ashley Fuller Olsen (born June 13, 1986), also known as the Olsen twins, are American fashion designers and former actresses. Mary-Kate and Ashley made their acting debut as infants playing Michelle Tanner on the television sitcom Full House (1987–1995). As they grew older, they began starring in other television shows, films, and media through their own production company, Dualstar. The twins became preteen icons, and some of the wealthiest women in the entertainment industry at a young age. The Olsens stepped away from acting in the mid-2000s and entered the fashion design industry. They founded their own luxury fashion label in 2006, The Row, based in New York City. They have won several awards from the Council of Fashion Designers of America (CFDA). Lives and career Childhood and acting career The twins were born in Sherman Oaks, California, to David \"Dave\" Olsen and Jarnette \"Jarnie\" (née Jones). Ashley is two minutes older than Mary-Kate. They have an elder brother, Trent, and a younger sister, actress Elizabeth, as well as a half-sister, Courtney Taylor, and a half-brother, Jake. The twins' parents divorced in 1995; Taylor and Jake are from their father's second marriage. The Olsen twins have Norwegian ancestry. In 1987, at the age of six months, the twins were cast in the role of Michelle Tanner on the ABC sitcom Full House. They began filming at nine months old. In order to comply with child labor laws that set strict limits on how long a child actor may work, the sisters took turns playing the role. The Olsens continued to portray Michelle throughout the show's run, which concluded in 1995. In 1992, Mary-Kate and Ashley shared the role of Michelle Tanner when they guest-starred on the Full House crossover episode of Hangin' with Mr. Cooper. While starring on Full House, the Olsens also began appearing (as separate characters) in films for video and television. The first such film, To Grandmother's House We Go, debuted in 1992 and featured cameos from several other Full House actors. In 1993, the Olsens established the company Dualstar, which would produce the twins' subsequent films and videos, including 1993's Double, Double, Toil and Trouble and 1994's How the West Was Fun. A series of musical mystery videos called The Adventures of Mary-Kate & Ashley premiered in 1994 and continued through 1997. In 1995, following the end of Full House, the Olsens made their feature film debut in It Takes Two, co-starring Steve Guttenberg and Kirstie Alley. In the same year, they introduced a second video series, You're Invited to Mary-Kate & Ashley's..., which continued to release new entries until 2000. The following year, the Olsens appeared in an episode of All My Children. In 1997, they appeared once again as guest stars in an episode of Sister Sister. Also, in 1998, the twins returned to series television with another ABC sitcom, Two of a Kind, co-starring Christopher Sieber as their characters' widowed father. The series lasted only one season but aired in", "title": "Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen" }, { "docid": "2040676", "text": "Cara DeLizia is an American former actress. She is best known for her role as Fiona \"Fi\" Phillips in the Disney Channel Original Series So Weird. She is the younger sister of Melissa DeLizia, and the youngest daughter of James DeLizia and Sherry DeLizia. Career Early career DeLizia got her start in acting at the age of five doing theater productions. She was later discovered and starred regularly in the WB's Nick Freno: Licensed Teacher. Later she had guest spots on Mad About You, 7th Heaven, The West Wing (in \"The Stackhouse Filibuster\"), Strong Medicine, and ER. She has also starred in several TV movies and had minor roles in several motion pictures such as Sleepless in Seattle and Avalon. She co-starred in You're Invited to Mary-Kate and Ashley's Sleepover Party, starring former Full House stars Mary-Kate Olsen and Ashley Olsen. So Weird In her breakout role on So Weird, DeLizia played Fiona \"Fi\" Phillips, an adolescent girl obsessed with the paranormal. She left the show after the first two seasons and was replaced by Alexz Johnson. To that point, the show had been \"darker\" for a Disney show in the vein of The X-Files, but when DeLizia departed, the show took on a lighter tone for the remainder of its run. Later work DeLizia's other major role was as Marcy Kendall on the FOX drama Boston Public, where she played the assistant to Chi McBride's Principal Harper. She voiced Z, a minor character introduced in the spinoff Rugrats series, All Grown Up. In 2002, DeLizia co-starred in Anna's Dream alongside former Caitlin's Way star Lindsay Felton. Personal life DeLizia became engaged to Robert Chambers in 2001. The couple married in 2004 and lived in Burbank, California. In 2006, the couple divorced. In December 2009, she married Nick Rich. As of 2012, DeLizia has retired from acting and voice acting. Her father is a consultant. Filmography Movies Television References External links 20th-century American actresses 21st-century American actresses American child actresses American film actresses American television actresses Living people Year of birth missing (living people)", "title": "Cara DeLizia" }, { "docid": "38912479", "text": "The Mary-Kate and Ashley games are a series of video games released between 1999 and 2002 that feature Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen in various scenarios such as trying to solve crimes, caring for horses, or freeing a shopping mall from a curse. The games were released by Acclaim Entertainment on game systems including the Game Boy Color, PlayStation, PlayStation 2, Game Boy Advance, GameCube and Windows. Background The origins of the Mary-Kate & Ashley video games originated from a South Park video game for the Game Boy Color developed by Crawfish Interactive in development in 1998. But was eventually cancelled due to South Park creators Matt Stone and Trey Parker stating that the game would not be fitting on the Game Boy Color as that console was marketed towards children. A year later in 1999, the unreleased game's engine and assets were reused for two additional Game Boy Color titles from Crawfish and Acclaim - Maya the Bee & Her Friends, based on the Maya the Bee franchise which was released in Europe, and The New Adventures of Mary-Kate and Ashley, based on Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen and was released in North America, being the first of the various video games based on the duo. Video games The New Adventures of Mary-Kate & Ashley (1999, Game Boy Color) Mary-Kate and Ashley: Dance Party of the Century (1999, PC) Mary-Kate and Ashley: Get A Clue (2000, Game Boy Color) Mary-Kate and Ashley: Magical Mystery Mall (2000, PlayStation) Mary-Kate and Ashley: Pocket Planner (2000, Game Boy Color) Mary-Kate and Ashley: Winners Circle (2001, PlayStation, Game Boy Color) Mary-Kate and Ashley: Crush Course (2001, PlayStation, PC, Game Boy Color) Mary-Kate and Ashley: Girls' Night Out (2002, Game Boy Advance) Mary-Kate and Ashley: Sweet 16 – Licensed to Drive (2002, Game Boy Advance, GameCube, PlayStation 2) Reception Reception for the games have been heavily negative, with the 1999 Game Boy Color game The New Adventures of Mary-Kate & Ashley receiving a score of 6/10 from IGN while the 2000 Magical Mystery Mall received one of 4/10. In contrast, the Telegraph praised the Pocket Planner as being \"quite clever\". Mary-Kate and Ashley: Magical Mystery Mall sold 286,000 copies. Lawsuit In 2004, the Olsen twins sued Acclaim because they claimed that Acclaim had not made payments on a settlement agreement. The settlement agreement came about because an audit of Acclaim's books showed that royalties due to the twins had not been paid. The lawsuit included a letter from the twins' attorney, Martin Singer, that stated that Acclaim had \"taken the franchise of the Mary-Kate and Ashley brand in video games which had flourished and has now run it into the ground.\" References Acclaim Entertainment games Video games GameCube games Party video games PlayStation 2 games Game Boy Advance games Game Boy Color games Lists of video games by franchise Video game franchises introduced in 1999 Video games based on real people Video games featuring female protagonists Video games developed in the United States", "title": "List of Mary-Kate and Ashley video games" }, { "docid": "247064", "text": "How the West Was Won may refer to: How the West Was Won (film), a 1962 American Western film How the West Was Won (TV series), a 1970s television series loosely based on the film How the West Was Won (Bing Crosby album) (1959) How the West Was Won (Led Zeppelin album) (2003) How the West Was Won (Peter Perrett album) (2017) How the West Was Won, a 2002 album by Luni Coleone \"How the West Was Won\", a 1987 song by Laibach from Opus Dei \"How the West Was Won\", a 1996 song by the Romo band Plastic Fantastic See also How the West Was Fun, a 1994 TV movie starring Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen How the West Was One (disambiguation) \"How the West Was Won and Where It Got Us\", a 1997 song by R.E.M.", "title": "How the West Was Won" }, { "docid": "7640849", "text": "The following is a history of the programming that has aired on Alter Channel from Greece: Children, teens and young people 64 Zoo Lane The Adventures of Blinky Bill The Adventures of Mary-Kate & Ashley and You're Invited to Mary-Kate & Ashley's... (all under the title \"Mary-Kate and Ashley\") All-New Dennis the Menace Alienators-Evolution Continues Angelina Ballerina Angry Beavers Animal Stories Anne of Green Gables Aoki Densetsu Shoot! Archie's Weird Mysteries Arthur (Seasons 1-9) Babar Baby Triplets Bakugan Bananas in Pyjamas Barney & Friends Battle B Daman Bear in the Big Blue House Becassine Benjamin the Elephant The Berenstain Bears (1985) The Berenstain Bears (2003) Beyblade Beyblade V-Force Bibi Blocksberg Billy and Buddy Bob the Builder Bratz Butt-Ugly Martians Caillou Captain Pugwash Care Bears Care Bears: Adventures in Care-a-lot Casper Cédric Charley and Mimmo Clifford the Big Red Dog Clifford's Puppy Days Code Lyoko Cotoons Digimon Adventure 02, Digimon Frontier and Digimon Tamers (all under the title \"Digimon\") Donkey Kong Country Dream Street Duel Masters Engie Benjy The Fairytaler Fantaghiro Fantastic Four Fifi and the Flowertots Finley The Fire Engine Fireman Sam Fix and Foxi Flipper Football Stories Franklin Galactik Football Garfield and Friends George Of The Jungle Gormiti Gundam Wing Hamtaro Harry and His Bucket Full of Dinosaurs HarveyToons Show He-Man and the Masters of the Universe Heidi, Girl of the Alps Hello Kitty and Friends Hey Arnold! Horseland Hot Wheels Battle Force 5 Huntik Iznogoud Jacques Cousteau's Ocean Tales Kipper The Koala Brothers Kung Foot The New Adventures Of Spirou And Fantasio The Little Lulu Show (Seasons 1-2) Little Monsters Legend of The Dragon Little People Little Red Tractor Lucky Luke MacDonald's Farm Maggie and the Ferocious Beast The Magic Key Make Way For Noddy The Adventures Of Marco And Gina Marsupilami Martin Mystery Mary-Kate and Ashley in Action Maya the Bee Medabots Megaman NT Warrior Mew Mew Power Microscopic Milton Miffy Miss Spider's Sunny Patch Friends Mr. Men and Little Miss Magic Adventures of Mumfie Muppet Babies My Little Pony My Little Pony Tales The New Adventures of Lucky Luke The New Adventures of Ocean Girl Oggy and the Cockroaches One Piece Papa Beaver's Storytime Papyrus Peter Pan Pimpa Pingu Pippi Longstocking Polly Pocket Polochon Postman Pat Potato Head Kids Power Rangers Ninja Storm Princess Sissi Rainbow Fish Roary the Racing Car Rocket Power Rolie Polie Olie Rubbadubbers Rupert and Rupert Bear, Follow the Magic... Sabrina's Secret Life Sagwa, the Chinese Siamese Cat Sanbarbe le Pirate Sandokan The Adventures of Sidney Fox Silver Surfer Slam Dunk Speed Racer: The Next Generation Spider-Man: The Animated Series Spider-Man: The New Animated Series Strawberry Shortcake Sylvanian Families Tabaluga Team Galaxy Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Thomas the Tank Engine Timbuctoo The Adventures of Tintin The Hoobs The Spooktacular New Adventures of Casper The New Adventures of Madeline The Princess of Nile The Woody Woodpecker Show Titeuf Tom and Pippo Totally Spies Tractor Tom Transformers Animated Transformers Armada Transformers Energon Transformers Cybertron The Triplets Troll Tales Trollz TroTro Valerian & Laureline Vicky", "title": "List of programs broadcast by Alter Channel" }, { "docid": "6756352", "text": "Mary-Kate and Ashley: Sweet 16 - Licensed to Drive is a 2002 party video game published by Acclaim Entertainment under its Club Acclaim label. The game was released for the PlayStation 2, GameCube and Game Boy Advance. n-Space developed the game for the PS2 and GameCube whereas Powerhead Games developed the game for GBA. It was the final installment to the Mary-Kate and Ashley video game franchise; although, another game, Mary-Kate and Ashley in ACTION!, was scheduled for release in 2003, but ultimately got canceled due to Acclaim's poor financial status. Gameplay GameCube and PlayStation 2 In the GameCube and PlayStation 2 versions of Mary-Kate and Ashley: Sweet 16 - Licensed to Drive, players can control one of four characters: Mary-Kate, Ashley, Tiffany, or Clair. Players can choose between two regions, beach and mountain. The three game modes are: Adventure, Bring It On, and Arcade. In Adventure mode, players go around the selected region for three laps by default, but players may choose to extend the game up to ten laps. As players go around the region, they land in spaces where they can pick up friends, receive coins, or participate in challenges. After each lap, players compete in one of the 30 mini-games to earn points. Players also compete in mini-games if they: land on the same space; or, pick up a friend which is already riding with another player. In the first case, the winner gets the space and the loser is pushed back one. In the second case, the friend rides with the winning player. In Bring it On mode, there are no regions and players compete in mini-games. The first player to win three mini-games wins the game. Playtime can be extended by setting the required wins to five, seven, or nine. In Arcade mode, a single mini-game can be selected. Winning this game mode yields no results. Game Boy Advance While the story is the same as the GameCube and PlayStation 2 versions, the Game Boy Advance version changes the genre to that of a driving game. The game is split into the same game modes as the main console releases but the only characters available for play are Mary-Kate and Ashley, there are only seven mini-games, and there is one map, which is that of a town. The main goal is to drive around to all the checkpoints before the timer runs out with optional destinations that reward the player with points. When the player finishes a level, they are rewarded with a letter grade. Lawsuit In 2004, the Olsen twins sued Acclaim because they claimed that Acclaim had not made payments on a settlement agreement. The settlement agreement came about because an audit of Acclaim's books showed that royalties due to the twins had not been paid. The lawsuit included a letter from the twins' attorney, Martin Singer, that stated that Acclaim had \"taken the franchise of the Mary-Kate and Ashley brand in video games which had flourished and has now run it", "title": "Mary-Kate and Ashley: Sweet 16 – Licensed to Drive" }, { "docid": "410194", "text": "Anaïs Helena Lameche Bonnier (née Kretz Lameche; born 19 August 1987) is a Swedish former singer and one of the original members of the Swedish pop group Play. She is the only member of Play out of its seven different members to appear in all four different line-ups of the group. Before the band's split, she was also the last remaining original member of the group since Faye's second departure in January 2011. She quit the music industry in 2011. Early life Lameche was born in the French Alps. Her father is French. The family eventually moved back to Täby, Sweden. where Lameche's mother is from. She has an older sister, Amanda, who previously had a solo career as a singer. She has three younger half sisters and a younger half brother, following her parents' divorce. Music career: Play (2001–2005) In 2001, Play's first single \"Us Against the World\" was featured on the Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen movie Holiday In The Sun. \"Us Against the World\" was followed by \"I'm Gonna Make You Love Me\" a cover of a Diana Ross song. The song featured Chris Trousdale from Dream Street and received heavy rotation on Radio Disney. Their first album dropped in 2001. Us Against the World included both singles plus 5 additional songs. In 2003, Replay was released with 2 big hits \"Whole Again\" and \"I Must Not Chase the Boys.\" It also featured another Diana Ross cover \"Ain't No Mountain High Enough.\" After Replay's release, Faye Hamlin left the group to pursue education and modeling and was replaced by Janet Leon. In 2004, Don't Stop the Music was released with the single being \"everGirl\" for a Nickelodeon series that was filmed but not greenlit. There was also a duet with Aaron Carter \"Every Little Step.\" They also redid \"Ain't No Mountain High\" with Janet Leon. In late 2004, the Christmas album Play Around the Christmas Tree was released. It has 10 of their favorite Christmas songs. It also was their last recorded album. Anaïs was asked to join Play by the group's manager, Laila Bagge, who discovered Anaïs at her dancing school after the Lameche family settled in Näsbypark, Sweden. Anaïs' older sister, Amanda Lameche, had already worked with Laila Bagge and had released a pop record in the United States. In Play, Anaïs sang alto harmonies and was considered to be one the Lead Vocalist. After the band's first split, Anaïs studied at the University of Stockholm and the University of Lund. New lineup with Play and retirement from music (2009–2011) In 2009, Lameche, along with Faye Hamlin and a new member, Sanne Karlsson, returned as Play, but as a trio. They were managed once more by Laila Bagge. They took part in Made in Sweden 2010, which documented their revival, search for a new third member, and recording and working on a new album. Their debut single from the album, \"Famous\", entered the Swedish music charts at No. 1. The group's fifth album and first with", "title": "Anaïs Lameche" }, { "docid": "17981954", "text": "Bart Got a Room is a 2008 comedy film written and directed by Brian Hecker, and stars Steven Kaplan, Alia Shawkat, William H. Macy, and Cheryl Hines. Also appearing in the film are Ashley Benson, Brandon Hardesty, Kate Micucci, Jennifer Tilly, Dinah Manoff (in her last film role as of 2022) and Chad Jamian Williams as Bart. The film premiered at the Tribeca Film Festival on April 25, 2008. It had a limited US release in select theaters on April 3, 2009, and was released on DVD on July 28, 2009. Plot The film chronicles nerdy high school senior Danny Stein and his unsuccessful attempts to secure a prom date while his divorced father and mother are on their own unsuccessful quests to find love. The film's name comes from the fact that the most unpopular kid in school, Bart Beeber, not only secured a date for the prom, but got a hotel room after as well. This is a source of great anxiety for both Danny and his family. Cast Ashley Benson as Alice Steven Kaplan as Danny Stein William H. Macy as Ernie Cheryl Hines as Beth Stein Alia Shawkat as Camille Brandon Hardesty as Craig Kate Micucci as Abby Jon Polito as Bob Jennifer Tilly as Melinda Katie McClellan as Gertie Dinah Manoff as Mrs Goodson Michael Mantell as Dr. Goodson Chad Jamian Williams as Bart Beeber Angelina Assereto as Marcie Sam Azouz as Uncle Walter Production Filming took place in Hollywood, Florida. The film is a semi-autobiographical story inspired by Hecker's life growing up as a nerd in South Florida. Hollywood Hills High School was used for the shooting of some scenes in the film. This movie marked the first time that Alia Shawkat, Dinah Manoff, and Michael Mantell have worked together since their appearances on the 2001-2002 TV series State of Grace. Reception Bart Got a Room won \"Best of Fest\" awards at the Fort Lauderdale International Film Festival, the Asheville Film Festival, and the Chicago Gen Art Film Festival. Greg Quill of the Toronto Star called the film \"an affectionately nuanced comedy of manners\", praising its \"warm sensibility\" reminiscent of Woody Allen's Radio Days, \"judicious editing and superbly controlled performances\", concluding that: \"Bart Got A Room avoids most of the clichés of the genre, it also avoids the predictable denouement. The off-the-kilter final act is a brave, heart-warming surprise.\" Betsy Sharkey of the Los Angeles Times felt that Hecker was ill-equipped when directing Macy and Hines, saying she felt the latter was \"underused\" in her role. She later wrote that he does a better job with Kaplan and Shawkat, finding the former \"engaging\" and doing \"a good job with giving his character the naiveté and desperation of a kid hoping to change what seems to be the \"loser\" setting of his life.\" Jeannette Catsoulis of The New York Times wrote that despite Hecker capturing \"knowing images\" of Florida, she criticized his \"antiquated\" screenplay for lacking \"freshness\" in its given genre and giving his cast", "title": "Bart Got a Room" }, { "docid": "3674845", "text": "Bowling for Soup Goes to the Movies is a collection of Bowling for Soup's songs from movies and television, and their fourth album with Jive Records. It contains both covers and previously unreleased originals. Production and recording Jaret Reddick said in a Facebook post \"At the end of the touring cycle for the Hangover album, it was pretty clear we needed a break. A close friend from the movie and TV side of Jive Records, Jonathan McHugh, came up the with the idea of putting a collection of songs we had done for film and TV, whether they got used or not, into one collection.\" Track listing B-sides About the songs Original version \"Jimmy Neutron Theme\" from Nickelodeon and Paramount Pictures' Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius film, released in 2001. \"(Ready or Not) Omaha, Nebraska\" from ESPN's College World Series. Jaret Reddick of Bowling for Soup admits to writing this in 5 minutes, and says \"Everyone at ESPN is crazy!!!\" \"Greatest Day\" Originally written for an EA Sports video game (but rejected), the song has been featured in Fox's Malcolm in the Middle, Dickie Roberts: Former Child Star, Max Keeble's Big Move, Re-Animated, the Disney Channel original film Go Figure, the Nickelodeon TV film The Last Day of Summer, and the Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen film Getting There. \"...Baby One More Time\" This song was written into the movie Freaky Friday after much of the actual movie had already been written. Because the song is written into the dialogue, Bowling for Soup was asked to cover the song at a given tempo. Reddick says, \"We couldn't do our usual 'speed it up and add harmonies and it will sound like BFS' approach.\" \"Here We Go\" from Scooby-Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed; this song was originally written by Tim Armstrong of The Transplants, Operation Ivy, and Rancid. \"Undertow\" While the band decided to pass up adding this song to their A Hangover You Don't Deserve album, it was featured on the Summerland soundtrack. Reddick says, \"I don't have a copy of that [Summerland] soundtrack, but I am guessing this is one of the strongest tracks on it.\" \"Spanish Harlem\" This is the one of only three tracks (excluding the two new tracks), which was not featured on any television show or movie, as a series starring Luis Guzmán passed on the song. \"Li'l Red Riding Hood\" The movie Cursed opened with this song. \"Live It Up\" This song is a demo, written with Diiorio using a hook from an unreleased track from Diiorio's band Valve, and is not in any television shows or movies. It was submitted to be on the soundtrack for Shrek 2 but ultimately lost to Counting Crows' \"Accidentally in Love\". \"Star Song\" While this song is not in any television shows or movies, it is one of the band's favorite songs and it appears on the re-issue of Drunk Enough to Dance, and as a B-side on the \"Punk Rock 101\" single release in the UK. \"I Melt with", "title": "Bowling for Soup Goes to the Movies" }, { "docid": "53621644", "text": "Mary-Kate and Ashley: Get A Clue! is a 2000 video game from Acclaim Entertainment. “Get a Clue” represented part of Club Acclaim, a push by Acclaim to lure more girls and families to video games. Development The game was announced in February 2000. Reception IGN gave the game a score of 6 out of 10 stating, \"The game is exactly the same as the last version with slight changes in the sprite animations which means, it's not all that bad. It's just disappointing to see that Acclaim is green-lighting the technique of duplicating existing games for \"new\" titles.\" The Journal Times gave the game a score of 4 out of 5, stating, \"It is simple to follow, and the step-by-step thinking process is good for girls ages 8 and older. I don't think boys will get it.\" References 2000 video games Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen Acclaim Entertainment games Video games based on real people Video games featuring female protagonists Crawfish Interactive games Game Boy Color-only games Game Boy Color games", "title": "Mary-Kate and Ashley: Get A Clue" }, { "docid": "45290049", "text": "Ben Easter is an American actor and photographer. Easter made his film debut in 2000 in Cora Unashamed. He was later a repeated costar of Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen, appearing alongside them in the film Holiday in the Sun and the television series So Little Time. He has also appeared in Pearl Harbor, Zenon: Z3, and I'll Always Know What You Did Last Summer. Easter began working as a professional photographer in 2008, and his photographs have since been featured in Icon, Glamaholic, Yoga Iowa, and DSM Magazine. An exhibit of his at the Polk County Jail in Des Moines, Iowa, titled \"Confliction\", was later restaged in Paris by UNESCO. He has worked for Wilhelmina Models and Next Management, and was one of the photographers for the 2012 Obama presidential campaign. In addition to his photography, Easter also works as a yoga instructor. In 1998, Easter was selected as one of \"America's Most Wanted Men\" by Cosmopolitan. Filmography Film Television References External links Ben Easter Photography 21st-century American male actors American male film actors American male television actors American photographers Living people Place of birth missing (living people) American yoga teachers 20th-century American male actors Year of birth missing (living people)", "title": "Ben Easter" }, { "docid": "221968", "text": "Getting There is a 2002 direct-to-video film starring Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen. Plot Taylor (Ashley Olsen) and Kylie Hunter (Mary-Kate Olsen) are celebrating their 16th birthday and are licensed to drive. They plan a trip to Salt Lake City, Utah with their friends for the 2002 Winter Olympics. When they stop at a local restaurant on the way, their car is stolen and next they board the wrong plane to San Diego. Determined to make it to Utah in time for the Olympics, the teenagers take a coach from LA to Vegas, but get separated at a gas station. Kylie and half of the gang makes it to Vegas, where they end up taking part in a Vegas wedding, whilst Taylor and the other half of the gang are stranded in a one horse town. While trying to get ahold of her sister, Taylor meets Charly, a girl her age with a pick-up truck who offers to give her and her friends a ride to Vegas, but her truck breaks down. Charly reveals that she, who seemed like a humble farm girl, actually lives in a mansion and owns a private jet. Her dad offers to fly all of the teens to Salt Lake City. Taylor and Kylie arrive in Utah too late for the Olympics. Taylor is upset because she would have liked to see her favourite Athlete, Alex Reisher, compete. Nonetheless, the friends decide to have fun by holding their own Olympics. Taylor meets a young man and they end up spending the day skiing together, but she never sees his face. It is not until a month later when the girls get their car back, and Taylor sees her picture in the paper, that she realizes she spent the day skiing with her Olympic crush Alex Reisher. Cast Mary-Kate Olsen as Kylie Hunter Ashley Olsen as Taylor Hunter Billy Aaron Brown as Danny Heather Lindell as Jenn Jeff D'Agostino as Joshua / “Toast” Talon Ellithorpe as Sam Holly Towne as Lyndi Alexandra Picatto as Charly Janet Gunn as Pam Hunter William Bumiller as Gary Hunter Jason Benesh as Alexander Ricki Lopez as Juan Shelley Malil as Raj Marcus Smythe as Mr. Simms Cheyenne Wilbur as Male Proctor Deborah Hinderstein as Female Instructor James Kiriyama Lem as Male Instructor Chene Lawson as Ticket Clerk Tracy Arbuckle as Diane Sterling Rice as Young Female Tourst Jeff Thomas Johnson as Waiter in Ski Lodge Filming Details The film was produced by Dualstar and Tapestry Films and distributed by Warner Bros. Getting There was filmed in Santa Barbara, California; Salt Lake City, Utah; Las Vegas, Nevada and New Mexico. References External links 2002 films 2002 children's films 2002 comedy films 2002 direct-to-video films 2000s American films 2000s English-language films 2000s teen comedy films American teen comedy films Direct-to-video comedy films Films about twin sisters Films about the 2002 Winter Olympics Films scored by Steve Porcaro Warner Bros. direct-to-video films", "title": "Getting There (film)" }, { "docid": "2214728", "text": "Edwina Cynthia Annette Mountbatten, Countess Mountbatten of Burma ( Ashley; 28 November 1901 – 21 February 1960), was an English heiress, socialite, relief worker and the last vicereine of India as the wife of (the then) Rear Admiral The 1st Viscount Mountbatten of Burma. Family background and early life Edwina Cynthia Annette Ashley was born in 1901, the elder daughter of Wilfrid Ashley (later 1st Baron Mount Temple), who was a Conservative member of Parliament. Her younger sister was Mary Ashley (Lady Delamere). Patrilineally, she was a great-granddaughter of the reformist 7th Earl of Shaftesbury. Edwina's mother, Amalia Mary Maud Cassel (1879–1911), was the only child of the international magnate Sir Ernest Cassel (1852–1921), friend and private financier to the future King Edward VII. Cassel had been born in Cologne, Prussia, of Jewish origin. He was one of the richest and most powerful men in Europe. After Wilfred Ashley's remarriage in 1914 to Molly Forbes-Sempill (ex-wife of Rear-Admiral Arthur Forbes-Sempill), Edwina Ashley was sent away to boarding schools, first to the Links in Eastbourne, then to Alde House in Suffolk, at neither of which was she a willing pupil. Edwina was unhappy during the time because, in addition to a sour relationship with her stepmother, she was bullied at school on account of her grandfather being rich, German, and Jewish. She later described her experience at school as 'sheer hell'. Her grandfather, Sir Ernest, solved the domestic dilemma by inviting her to live with him and, eventually, to act as hostess at his London residence, Brook House. Later, his other mansions, Moulton Paddocks and Branksome Dene, would become part of her Cassel inheritance. Marriage and children By the time she first met Louis Mountbatten, a relative of the British royal family and a nephew of Empress Alexandra of Russia, in 1920, Edwina Ashley was a leading member of London society. Her maternal grandfather died in 1921, leaving her £2 million (equivalent to £ million in ), and his palatial London townhouse, Brook House, at a time when her future husband's naval salary was £610 a year (equivalent to £ in ). Later, she inherited the country seat of Broadlands, Hampshire, from her father, Lord Mount Temple. Ashley and Mountbatten married on 18 July 1922 at St Margaret's, Westminster. The wedding attracted more than 8,000 people, including members of the royal family such as Queen Mary, Queen Alexandra, and the Prince of Wales (the future King Edward VIII). It was dubbed \"wedding of the year\". There followed a honeymoon tour of European royal courts and America which included a visit to Niagara Falls (because \"all honeymooners went there\"). During their honeymoon in California, the newlyweds starred in a silent home movie by Charlie Chaplin called Nice And Friendly, which was not shown in cinemas. The Mountbattens had two daughters, Patricia (14 February 1924 – 13 June 2017) and Pamela (born 19 April 1929). Drew Pearson described Edwina in 1944 as \"one of the most beautiful women in England\". She was known", "title": "Edwina Mountbatten, Countess Mountbatten of Burma" } ]	[ "New York Minute" ]
train_7071	girl with the pink hair on nick jr	[ { "docid": "48999542", "text": "Looped is a Canadian animated television series created by Todd Kauffman and Mark Thornton who also did Grojband for Teletoon. It premiered in Canada on March 2, 2016. It also premiered on January 4, 2016 in Latin America on Cartoon Network and in the United Kingdom on CITV. Plot The series revolves around the life and adventures of Luc and Theo, two boys from the town of Port Doover who attend Port Doover Middle School. Due to an accident in Theo's garage with an invention he created, the two boys are stuck in a time loop where every day is the same Monday, October 12. Since the events of that day are always the same, the two know exactly what will happen where and when. They use this knowledge as an opportunity to do whatever they want at school and around their town, usually causing problems when their actions cause errors and other unusual events to occur in the time loop. Characters Main Lucas \"Luc\" Maxwell (voiced by Mac Heywood in the pilot, Lyon Smith in the main series) – Theo's lazy and unintelligent best friend who uses the loop to indulge in endless mayhem with no regard for the consequences of his actions. Theodore \"Theo\" Merton Jr. (voiced by Bryn McAuley in the pilot, and Kevin Duhaney in the main series) – Luc's nerdy and responsible best friend who has great knowledge of the loop and plays the straight man to Luc. In the episode “Monster Stink” he reveals that the time loop has lasted three years. Classmates Jesse (voiced by Scott Gorman) – The flatulent and short-tempered school bully. His fondness for picking on other children is contrasted with his proud vegetarianism and love of nature and animals. Gwyneth \"Gwyn\" Sanders (voiced by Denise Oliver) – A bespectacled, pink-haired girl who has strong romantic feelings for Luc but despises Theo and is unable to remember his name. Despite this, Luc is disgusted by her while Theo is infatuated with her. Sarah Doover (voiced by Alyson Court) – An extremely popular girl who never speaks and communicates entirely through texting on her cellphone. She only speaks in the series finale, where it is revealed that she was saving her voice for an upcoming talent show. Kelly and Kelli (voiced by Stephanie Lynn Robinson) (pronounced Kel-ee and Kel-iye) – Identical twin sisters who serve as Sarah's followers, issuing her commands and informing others of her moods, opinions, and actions. Kyle Bush (voiced by Adam Cawley) – An extremely handsome, compassionate, and popular boy in the school who is perfect and flawless in every way. Luc hates him for this, and is always trying to outdo him. Lester (voiced by Mark Edwards) – A nerd interested in video games and LARP. He is always stuffed inside his locker by Jesse, and then intentionally spends the entire day there to play video games. Amy (voiced by Stacey DePass) – A Goth girl who hides in the school basement. Recurring Jerry Rivers (voiced", "title": "Looped (TV series)" } ]	[ { "docid": "72759494", "text": "Holly Hobbie is a fictional character and children's toy created by American painter and illustrator Denise Holly Hobbie. Origin In the late 1960s, at the encouragement of her brother-in-law, Hobbie sold distinctive artwork of a cat-loving, rag dress-wearing little girl in a giant bonnet to American Greetings in Cleveland, Ohio. The artwork, based on Hobbie's own children and with rustic New England style of a bygone era, became popular, and her originally nameless character (identified earlier as \"blue girl\") became known as Holly Hobbie. As a contract artist, Hobbie worked with the Humorous Planning department at American Greetings under art director Rex Connors, who was responsible for launching \"blue girl\" as the most identifiable of the Hobbie characters. Doll and other product licensing Also working in Humorous Planning at that time (1973–74) was Bob Childers, a veteran humorous concept artist and designer. Childers insisted that there should be a doll of the character. Since no one seemed to listen, Childers went home and, on his own time, hand-stitched the first prototype and presented it to Connors, who took the cloth doll to Tom Wilson, Creative Vice President. American Greetings approached Knickerbocker Toy Company concerning the Holly Hobbie license. In 1974, Knickerbocker Toys licensed the Holly Hobbie character for a line of rag dolls, launched in 1975. These were a popular toy for young American girls for several years. Additional products were licensed and produced, including fabrics, furniture, ceramics, games, and stationery. Holly Hobbie products were later marketed by American Greetings in association with Carlton Cards. In 1976, Coleco produced a toy oven similar to Kenner's Easy-Bake Oven called the Holly Hobbie Oven. It was shaped like an old-fashioned wood-powered cookstove, used an incandescent light bulb for heat, and came with packaged mixes that could also be bought separately. In 1980, Holly was featured in The Adventures of Holly Hobbie, a novel by Richard Dubelman. In this book, Holly Hobbie is a ghost who lives in a painting from 1803. She comes out of the painting to help a descendant, Liz Dutton, find her missing father, an archaeologist who has vanished in Guatemala. Updated versions Beginning in 1989 and into the 1990s, Holly Hobbie dolls were produced by Tomy. Knickerbocker Toys also began producing dolls, but these were vinyl doll heads with soft bodies, unlike the original cloth dolls (rag dolls). In 2006, a redesigned Holly Hobbie was introduced with the launch of Holly Hobbie & Friends, a series of specials that were broadcast on Nickelodeon's Nick Jr. block and the separate Noggin channel. They were also released on DVD. The traditional line still exists, with the back story that the \"original\" Holly is the great-great-grandmother of the \"new\" Holly. Concurrently, Mattel released an updated Holly Hobbie doll line, which includes Holly (blue eyes and blonde hair), Amy (green eyes and red hair), and Carrie (brown eyes and black hair). The dolls feature all-new face sculpts, a new body style, and flat feet. There is also a series of smaller Holly,", "title": "Holly Hobbie (fictional character)" }, { "docid": "41496855", "text": "is an erotic comedy anime series which parodies the magical girl genre, particularly Sailor Moon and Cutie Honey. A 24-minute OVA was released in 2003 followed by a six-episode TV series, broadcast in Japan in 2006. A DVD collection, containing the OVA and TV series was released in North America in 2010. 2003 OVA Lingerie Soldier Papillon Rose characters Papillon team and friends Tsubomi/Papillon Rose is the young woman protagonist of this eponymous series. She is of medium height with crimson (rose pink) hair and light blue eyes. In this episode she is a high-school student in addition to being a waitress at the Lingerie Pub Papillon. She solicits help and advice from Rama and \"Dandy Lion\" (Hikaru). After she transforms her magical-girl lingerie costume is crimson (rose pink) in color and she identifies herself as \"the crimson butterfly of the night\". Anne is the tall and voluptuous twenty-year-old woman waitress at the Lingerie Pub Papillon. She has a darker complexion, medium length brown hair and dark blue eyes. Although a bit jealous of the attention garnered on the younger Tsubomi by the customers, she helps her young and somewhat naive friend when in need. Hikaru/Dandy Lion is mysterious handsome young man. He has long light gray-blond hair and gray-green eyes. Tsubomi meets him by literally running into him while rushing late to work from school. He becomes her lover and adviser. The consummation of their new relationship enables Tsubomi to become the magical girl Papillon Rose. He wears a small mask when in the disguised persona of \"Dandy Lion\". According to the official website, \"Dandy Lion\" is Hikaru in a cosplay costume, not possessing any special magic abilities. Rama is a female domestic house cat white with Siamese cat-like gray markings and a pink butterfly mark on her forehead and violet eyes. The cat wears a condom over the end of her tail in this episode. She is Tsubomi's primary adviser about her powers as the magical-girl \"Papillon Rose\". Enemies Sister Biene is a middle-aged female evil minion general of Regina Apis. She is medium height with spiraled maroon hair, pointed ears, and yellowish skin. She is put off by her assignment to sexually assault men for \"Dinasty\" as she really prefers women. Sister Pchela is a short undeveloped female evil elf-like minion general of Regina Apis. She appears to be young girl with short blue hair under a teal pointed cap. She is dislikes Sister Biene and argues and fights with her. She is later assigned to destroy Papillon Rose and continue the conquest after Sister Biene is defeated. Sister Melitta is an overweight female evil minion general of Regina Apis. She is in medium height with purple hair twintails and a bun, pointed ears and a clown-like costume. She appears in front of Regina Apis without having a speaking role. Sister Abeille is a young female evil minion general of Regina Apis. She is medium height with teal messy hair, a suit consisting of leather belts, spiky", "title": "List of Papillon Rose characters" }, { "docid": "65723237", "text": "is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Ryou Minenami. It was serialized in Shogakukan's Weekly Shōnen Sunday from October 2015 to March 2019, with its chapters collected in 17 volumes. Plot The series revolves around Tarou Kurume, a boy who is not interested in love. One day, he is hit on the head by a baseball during a P.E. class, leaving him with a severe concussion. When he wakes up at the infirmary, he is welcomed by a pink-haired, cheerful, well-endowed and scantily clad girl who is seemingly floating in the air. Not only that, he starts to see similar \"ghosts\" around countless boys, and finds out that they are fantasized versions of the first girl they loved, with the floating zombie above Tarou representing his first love. Characters A 15-year-old boy who is childhood friends with Mei Ebino. Tarou believes in \"energy-saving\" and initially has no interest in love-related matters. Tarou's first love zombie. Unlike most other zombies, Eve is self-aware and able to interact with her owner. She often appears floating above Tarou's head wearing sparkly flowing pink hair with a hair accessory, and a white high school girl uniform. Tarou's first love, from when they were in the same English class ten years ago. Tarou's childhood friend and neighbor, she attends the same school as him and is responsible for the injury that begins all of Tarou's troubles. Publication Written and illustrated by Ryou Minenami, Hatsukoi Zombie was serialized in Shogakukan's shōnen manga magazine Weekly Shōnen Sunday from October 14, 2015, to March 27, 2019. Shogakukan collected its chapters in 17 volumes, released from March 18, 2016, to June 18, 2019. Volumes See also Boy's Abyss, another manga series by the same author References External links Official website at Web Sunday Cross-dressing in anime and manga Romantic comedy anime and manga Shogakukan manga Shōnen manga Zombies in anime and manga", "title": "Hatsukoi Zombie" }, { "docid": "63140372", "text": "This is a list of characters from the Russian animated television series Fantasy Patrol, which premiered on Moolt in Cinema on April 30, 2016. Main characters Helena Helena () is a local resident of the city of Myshkin. She has long red pigtail hair, and brown eyes. She is a cheerful and optimistic young girl, and the best friend of Louis Alex. She is very sociable and talkative, often thinking before she does. Helena is just starting to get acquainted with magic. She is afraid of hedgehogs. Her element is fire, and her power is pyrokinesis. In the season one finale, \"Light My Fire\", she receives a fire key. In \"The Secret of the Magic Café\", she went to the Fairytale World with Vlad and befriended him in the season two premiere, \"Волшебный город\". Her theme color is orange and power element is a fire. She is voiced by Miroslava Karpovich (1—52 series), Anfisa Wistingausen (51, from 53 serie). Varya/Valerie Varya () is a responsible, confident, and straightforward heroine. She is the leader of the Fantasy Patrol. She has long brown hair and violet eyes. She is afraid of snakes. Her element is air. Her powers are controlling flight, wind, and teleportation. She is best friends with Queen Celeste. In the 24th episode \"Best Friends\", she receives an air key. Her theme color is purple and pink and her power element is a air. She is voiced by Olga Kuzmina. Masha/Mary Masha () is smart, practical, and strives to do everything by the rules and according to plan. She has long brown hair and green eyes. She is an excellent student, an inventor, and is well-versed with any technique. She is afraid of spiders. Her element is Earth, and her power is phytokinesis (plant manipulation). In the 18th episode \"Magic Forest\", she receives an Earth key. Her theme color is green and her power element is a earth. She is voiced by Yuliya Aleksandrova. Snowy Snowy () is kind, silent, calm, and delicate. She has shoulder-length blonde with light blue highlight hair and light blue eyes. She doesn't like to interfere with the internal conflicts of the other girls. Her childhood friend is a plush bunny. She is afraid of her teacher, Professor Krivozub. She is the granddaughter of Santa Claus and the niece of the Snow Queen. Her element is water and her power is controlling snow and ice (cryokinesis). In \"Under the Water\", she received a water key. Her theme color is blue and her power element is a ice. She is voiced by Polina Kutepova. Recurring characters Alice Alice () is fast, bright, and effective. She has long pink hair with bangs and blue-green eyes. She is a fashionista with a high opinion of herself. She doesn't like to admit when she's wrong, but she knows to value friendship. She is a keeper of time. Her first appearance is in \"Хранительница времени\". She is voiced by Glafira Tarkhanova. Alex Louis Alex () is the best friend of", "title": "List of Fantasy Patrol characters" }, { "docid": "6705061", "text": "The Thin Man is a half-hour weekly television series based on the mystery novel The Thin Man (1933) by Dashiell Hammett. The 72 episodes were produced by MGM Television and broadcast by NBC for two seasons from 1957–1959 on Friday evening. It was the first TV series produced by MGM. Overview The series starred Peter Lawford and Phyllis Kirk as Nick and Nora Charles. The dog, Asta, was played by three identical wire-hair terriers. Jack Albertson, Patricia Donahue, and Nita Talbot had recurring roles during the show's second season. Albertson played Lieutenant Harry Evans of the New York Police Department. Donahue played Hazel, Nick and Nora's neighbor. Talbot played Beatrice Dane, alias Blondie Collins, a criminal who dragged Nick and Nora into her schemes. Both Hazel and Beatrice made attempts to seduce Nick. Nora's jealousy fueled her sarcasm on these occasions. A newspaper columnist wrote that Nora Charles's role was different from that of other female leads in detective programs on television. Kirk commented:We were the first of the sophisticated detective dramas, and from the scripts it was simple to see that the part of Nora Charles was that of a leading lady who made more than token appearances. Since then some of the new shows just use girls as part of the scenery. Among the series guest stars was Billy Gray, who appeared at the same time he was cast as James \"Bud\" Anderson, Jr., in Father Knows Best. Ann McCrea was cast as Billie in the 1958 episode, \"The Lost Last Chapter\". Of note is the \"guest star\" in the episode \"Robot Client\": the original Robby the Robot from the 1956 film Forbidden Planet. This episode is available as an extra on the Forbidden Planet DVD. Ben Starr was the program's writer, while Sam Marx was the executive producer. Episodes were shot back to back across the two seasons. In May 1959, Kirk revealed that she and Lawford were contractually attached to the series until August. The series began airing on Sony's GetTV in March 2016. Episode list Season 1: 1957–58 Season 2: 1958–59 References External links 1950s American crime television series 1957 American television series debuts 1959 American television series endings 1950s American comedy-drama television series American detective television series Black-and-white American television shows American English-language television shows Television shows based on American novels Television series about marriage Television series by MGM Television Television shows set in New York City Nick and Nora Charles NBC television dramas", "title": "The Thin Man (TV series)" }, { "docid": "34015229", "text": "is a Japanese comedy manga series written by Kōji Kumeta and illustrated by Yasu, telling the everyday lives of five young female rakugo comedians. It was serialised in Kodansha's Bessatsu Shōnen Magazine from September 2009 to September 2013 and the chapters compiled into six tankōbon volumes. An anime television series adaptation animated by J.C.Staff aired in Japan between July and September 2012, with an original video animation episode released in February 2013. Characters All of the girls' surnames end with the character , which is often used in stage names for performers. (Anime), Kana Asumi (CD) The substantial protagonist of the manga, who has long red hair. She behaves like Edokko and speaks in a masculine tone of Edo speech, but she is actually from Tokushima Prefecture. Despite her good looks, the way she talks and her flat chest tend to lead the others into suspecting her as a boy cross-dressing as a girl. She acts as a tsukkomi and often says \"\". Her name is a pun on Bloody Mary. (Anime), Ikumi Hayama (CD) A ponytailed girl with brown hair who is a lucky girl and leads a carefree life. She often leads the stories to other subjects. Kumeta introduces her as the true protagonist of the manga. Her name is a pun on and Tetrapod. (Anime), Erena Ono (CD) A girl with cream-coloured hair who is the youngest girl in the group. To match her childlike figure, she often pretends to be cute in front of others, but her internal dialogue shows her true thoughts to the audience; cynical and manipulative. Her name is a pun on Hello Kitty and kigurumi. (Anime), Kana Hanazawa (CD) A girl with glasses and green hair who is a smart, cool-headed, yet violent girl. She is a childhood friend of Tetora's. Her name is a pun on cool beauty and . (Anime/CD) A girl with straight black hair who is very good at acting, but is an unlucky girl and is very emotionally shy, crybaby, clumsy, hotheaded, and also cowardly. Her name is a play on several words, all of which have to do with things that are very negative in nature. The pronunciation of her name refers to and . Her name could also be read alternatively as kurakutei kurai, which is very similar to . Anrakutei also sounds similar to the word unlucky. Also, the kanji in her name minus the character could be read very literally, as falling into darkness and coming of anguish. A girl in a luchador wrestling mask who just happens to be in the scene at certain points. A girl who has short blonde and pink hair. She wears a strawberry-patterned hakama and a large ribbon on her head. Her only appearance is in the last episode of the anime. True to her name, Uzannu is annoying with her fast-talking, condescending attitude, and mimicry of the other girls. Uzannu purposely tries to upset the character balance of the show with her obnoxiousness and make the", "title": "Joshiraku" }, { "docid": "44498470", "text": "The Doozers is an animated television series that is a spin-off to Fraggle Rock. The series is co-produced by the Halifax studio of DHX Media and The Jim Henson Company, and was developed in association with the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. The series originally premiered in Australia on Nick Jr. on October 7, 2013. The series began its US run as a Hulu exclusive on April 25, 2014. Turner's Cartoonito and Boomerang also aired it within European countries and Africa, as well as Cartoon Network Asia. On September 12, 2017, it was renewed for a second season. It premiered on May 25, 2018. Premise In the self-sustainable community of Doozer Creek located just beyond the view of humans, the show focuses on the Doozer Pod Squad (consisting of Daisy Wheel, Flex, Spike, and Mollybolt). Characters Main Spike Doozer (voiced by Jacob Ewaniuk) is the member of the Pod Squad who pushes the other Pod Squad members into action. He is the son of Chief Doozer and the older brother of Daisy Wheel Doozer. He has a brown nose and brown hair and wears a blue hat, socks and wristbands. Molly Bolt Doozer (voiced by Jenna Warren) is a Pod Squad member who enjoys organizing events. She can also make lists, maps, and graphs. She has a purple nose and purple hair and wears a pink hat, socks and shirt. Flex Doozer (voiced by Trek Buccino in season 1 and Tyler Barish in season 2) lives on his grandparents farm and uses his room as his workshop. Flex pilots the Pod Squad's vehicles. He has a yellow nose and yellow hair and wears an orange hat, socks and wristbands. Daisy Wheel Doozer (voiced by Millie Davis) is the youngest and smallest of the Doozer Pod Squad. She is the younger sister of Spike Doozer and the daughter of Chief Doozer. She has a blue nose and blue hair and wears a purple hat, socks and shirt. Chief's family Chief Doozer (voiced by Heather Bambrick) is the Chief of Doozer Creek who is the mother of Spike Doozer and Daisy Wheel Doozer. Architect's family Chief Architect Doozer is the wife of Baker and mother of Molly. Baker Timberbolt Doozer (voiced by David Berni) is the father of Molly Bolt Doozer and the husband of Chief Architect Doozer. He runs the bakery shop in Doozer Creek. Peg Bolt Doozer (voiced by Lisa Norton) Others Doozer Doodad (voiced by David Berni) – Manager of the Doozer Creek supply depot, where the Pod Squad gets the supplies for their projects. Pinball Gimbal (voiced by Lisa Norton) Professor Gimbal wears glasses and has a purplish-white color in his nose and hair, wearing a light blue helmet. He manages the Doozarium, where the Pod Squad meet. He issues challenges, and makes suggestions, for various projects for the Pod Squad to complete. Baxter was advertised for the series but has not appeared yet. He had a brown nose and brown hair. Voice cast David Berni – Baker Timberbolt Doozer", "title": "The Doozers" }, { "docid": "47786278", "text": "is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Neko Nekobe which ran in Nakayoshi. A 54-episode anime television series aired on TV Asahi from January 12, 1991 through February 29, 1992. Each episode of the anime contained two 11-minute stories, often unconnected with each other. A short film was released in 1992. The anime was made into an anime comic format with six episodes per volume. The first volume was released on July 25, 1991. After the end of the series, most of the anime's staff moved on to Sailor Moon (which would succeed this series in its timeslot), including director Junichi Sato and music composer Takanori Arisawa. Many references to Goldfish Warning! are made in Sailor Moon'''s first season. A complete DVD set of the series was released on March 24, 2005. Plot A 14-year-old girl named Chitose Fujinomiya, a former very rich, currently an orphan who is kicked out of her super-elite school, Tokai no Gakuen (City's Academy in English language), while shunned by her former friends. She is sent to a rural public school, Inaka no Chugakkō, an alias is Inachū (Country's Jr. High School in English language), where very needy, and even pigs, oxen and chickens are students. The only possession Chitose has left is a pink goldfish named Gyopi, given to her by her beloved father, and very valuable. Her family's attorney attempts to steal Gyopi, but is foiled by Chitose's new schoolmates, namely Wapiko, a simple girl who can outrun almost anything and is well-liked in school. As it turns out, Chitose isn't poor; the attorney was merely hiding her inheritance for himself. Instead of going back to the super rich school, she buys the rural school and attempts to transform it into a refined school to compete with that of her rival/former best friend. However, the students of the rural school don't want to be refined. Characters Students A very uptight girl with long blonde hair that is kept back with a hairband, she's worried that the students of Shin-Inaka no Chugakko (Wapiko especially) will cause her newly-formed school to be worse than Tokai no Gakuen. She is very arrogant to the point where she is unable to escape from a burning building due to her belief that she was raised as a high-class girl, and that she is not as tough as all the country students of Shin-Inaka no Chugakko, (who had all escaped from the building except Wapiko due to her trying to get Chitose to escape) as well as trying to frequently ban all normal customs of the school to enforce a more \"proper\" custom, such as a Tea Ceremony Club, but ultimately fails, due to her plans usually backfiring. She is the president of Shin-Inaka No Chugakko. Her nickname is \"Chi-chan\". An eccentric pink-haired girl who wearing Sailor-fuku. Perhaps best inhabits the description of \"spunky\", the agile Wapiko may be viewed as the closest thing the series offers to a true heroine. Almost always depicted in a comical", "title": "Goldfish Warning!" }, { "docid": "3576021", "text": "is a Japanese anime series and a PlayStation 2 video game created by Namco. The video game and anime were both initially released in Japan in 2003. Studio Deen produced a 12-episode anime television series broadcast on TBS in Japan in 2004. The series was originally licensed in North America by ADV Films who initially released the series in three English language DVD volumes in 2005 and 2006. Plot summary Tomokazu Mikuri, the main character in the game and anime, turns 16 years old and has led a dull life without girls. On the night of his birthday, he dreams of a strange world in which he sees a young girl in a blue outfit fighting against an unknown enemy. Tomokazu has a strange, unknown power which seems to \"power up\" this girl, who has fallen into his arms. She uses this \"power\" to repel enemies, the alien race known as the Feydooms, who are attempting to break through the dream world and take over the real world. Waking up, Tomokazu is amazed at his dream's realism, thinking of his strange power and the mysterious girl who fought off her enemies. Rolling over, he is shocked to see the girl from his dream, Mone, in bed next to him. Soon Tomokazu, his classmate Mizuki Agatsuma, Mone, Neneko, Nanase, and her sister Kuyou enter the dream world Moera to destroy the Feydooms and save the world. Characters A helpless 16-year-old high school student with many friends, he is unknowingly the Destiny Transformer who is meant to change the world. He enjoys taking care of kids like Neneko and Mone. He is a pervert and unknowingly shows it very much. Though he is kind, he is lazy and does not enjoy studying. His parents died at a young age, he lives with his guardian and cousin, Nanase. His fighting suit is black and dark red with a red gem embedded in the chest. He has a crush on Mizuki in the anime and does not like when Ishikari acts perverted toward her and Mone. His special attack is \"Tomokazu Kick\". A small 10-year-old girl who Tomokazu first finds in Moera. Her speech is limited to saying her name, or mixed-up parts of it. She seems to be attached to Tomokazu. Her hair has a purplish tint, and her fighting suit is blue and white with an orange gem in the breast. In truth, she is the Priestess of Sleep, who has no real body. This means she is incredibly powerful in Moera. Her special attack is \"Monemonemone\". Tomokazu's childhood friend. She is also 16, kind and thoughtful, and is always there for her friends. She secretly loves Tomakazu. She is also very conservative about her body. She has long red hair, and her fighting suit is pink with a pink gem in the breast. Her special attack is \"Spiral Power Flare\" and \"Flare Explosion.\" Tomokazu's cousin and legal guardian. Ever since Tomokazu's parents died, they have been together as a family. She", "title": "Yumeria" }, { "docid": "6063551", "text": "Diva Starz was a series of talking fashion dolls created and released by Mattel in October 2000. They are similar in design to MGA's Bratz and Tiger Electronics' Furby. Alexa, Nikki, Summer—later replaced by Miranda—and Tia were offered in the original debut. Originally produced as robotic dolls, Mattel would also release miniature and fashion doll versions in response to their initial success. The line was discontinued in 2004. History Invented by toy designer Robert Jeffway Jr. and launched by Mattel in October 2000, Diva Starz were released in response to the virtual pet craze, which peaked in the late '90s thanks to successful interactive toys such as Furby and Tamagotchi. The brand initially featured four characters: Alexa, Nikki, Summer, and Tia, who each had diverse ethnicities and personalities. Each doll stood at approximately tall and came with plastic clothes and accessories, which were interactive. The owner could change the doll's outfits by snapping on different pieces of clothing. By using small metal sensors in the clothing and on the body, the doll \"knows\" which outfit it is wearing and will respond accordingly. Alexa, for example, replies with statements like \"You have a great sense of style. I love my pink evening gown. Do you think it makes my eyes look bluer?\". This is also the case with the doll's accessories, which usually include items such as a cell phone, CD player, laptop, diary, and pet. These also utilized small metal sensors and were meant to be placed on the doll's hand. Along with this, the dolls also used an infrared (IR) sensor, which was implemented in the dolls' shoes so that they could communicate with each other and carry on conversations. Each doll took 4 AA alkaline batteries. Contrary to Mattel's expectations, the dolls would end up becoming a surprise hit for the company and were popular amongst tween girls, between the ages of 6 and 11, even being named \"the product of the year for girls\". Despite this, they did generate some criticism, particularly from parents. Some were concerned that the dolls' stylized proportions could inspire future cases of anorexia, while others took issue with the marketing, labeling it \"tacky\" and \"stereotypical\". Regardless, the dolls were successful enough to be distributed in other markets, such as Europe, and South America. After the huge success of the original dolls, Mattel released miniature versions of the dolls called \"Mini Diva Starz\" in 2001. These dolls stood under tall and lacked most interactive features seen in the main dolls. They would talk when a button was pressed on the top of their heads and would say about 4 different pre-recorded phrases. They had non-removable clothes and were poseable. They also came with hair accessories made out of real fabric, such as hats and headbands. Accessories for these dolls would usually include hair clips, sunglasses, and a purse. These dolls took 3 LR44 button-cell alkaline batteries. Mattel would also release the second wave of main Diva Starz dolls in 2001, along with plush", "title": "Diva Starz" }, { "docid": "5063929", "text": "Learning from Falling is the debut studio album by British singer-songwriter artist Lamya. The album included production by Nellee Hooper and Mark Ronson and entered the Top Heatseekers chart in the United States at #16. A remix of the first single \"Empires (Bring Me Men)\" reached #1 on the Billboard Hot Dance/Club Play chart. The track \"Black Mona Lisa\" was covered by British R&B singer Maria Lawson on her eponymous album. A third single, \"Never Enough\", was only released as a promo. All tracks were co-written by Lamya. \"Pink Moon\" is a cover of the Nick Drake song. Track listing \"Empires\" (Lamya, Major) 5:07 \"East of Anywhere\" (Lamya, Major) 3:57 \"Black Mona Lisa\" (Lamya, Major) 4:22 \"Never Enough\" (Lamya, Andres Levin, Camus Celli) 4:13 \"Judas Kiss (Brutus Diss)\" (Lamya, Louis Metoyer, Justin Stanley) 3:49 \"Full Frontal Fridays\" (Lamya, Major) 4:19 \"I Get Cravings\" (Lamya, Stanley, Mark Ronson) 4:56 \"Splitting Atoms\" (Lamya, Stanley, Ronson) 4:03 \"Never's Such a Long Time\" (Lamya, Rick Nowels) 4:27 \"The Woman Who\" (Lamya, Charles Stepney, Rudolph) 4:42 \"The Perfect Girl\" (Lamya, Ronald Tomlinson, Don E.) 3:21 \"Pink Moon\" (Drake) 2:47 \"Black Mona Lisa (Single Mix)\" (Lamya, Major) 4:10 \"Bed I Never Made\" (Japanese bonus track) Personnel Musicians Lamya: Vocals Rusty Anderson, Lukasz Gottwald, Jimmy Hogarth, Teddy Kumpel, Manny Lopez, Adam Zimmon: Guitars David Kahne: Bass, Keyboards, Programming Sal Cuevas: Bass Rick Nowels: Balalaika Aloke Dasgupta: Sitar Allan Gibson: Standup Bass Abe Laboriel Jr., Shawn Pelton: Drums, Percussion The Soulhusters: \"Beats\", Multi-Instruments Ian Rossiter, Fabien Waltman: Programming Strings Chandru, Ralph Morrison, Sara Perkins, Marsha Skins: Violin Karen Elaine Bakunin, Merlyn Sturt: Viola Arranged & Conducted By Will Malone References 2002 debut albums Albums produced by David Kahne Albums produced by Nellee Hooper J Records albums Lamya albums", "title": "Learning from Falling" }, { "docid": "31964076", "text": "ZC Girls is a series of Japanese action figures manufactured by ZC World. The dolls are currently still in production. The product was inspired by the phenomenal success of the Cy Girls. The products were first released in 2009 to have a wide variety of modern occupations of the Lady's Mission. EVE Body design The original and current body design is called EVE. This design features 25 points of articulation, including removable arms as well as two rubber bodices to choose from. The bodices cover a T-shaped socket that hold the arms and head in place. The first bodice extends from the neck to the top of the ribcage to allow the abdominal joint to be more movable. The second bodice is a full-torso piece that covers the abdominal joint for a more realistic look, but with limited mobility. The dolls in this category included the following: Julia, a futuristic soldier dressed in a black torso body suit with body armor; Katy, an assassin in a black vinyl corset with matching gloves; Black Angel, a blonde spy in a black catsuit with a reptile scale pattern; White Archer, a long-haired redhead in a white jacket and shorts with matching high heel boots; Rose, a crimson redhead in a white corset, mini jacket, stockings and high heel boots; Cat, a black-haired white lady in a leather catsuit with a matching mask; Kelly, a short haired redhead in a white lace-up tank top, with leather shorts, gloves, high heel boots, and a matching cap; Janice, a blonde in a black Playboy Bunny suit with a witch's cloak, mask and hat; Lucci, a long haired brunette in a pink nurses uniform; Janny, an office manager in a black women's business suit and slacks; Ice an auburn redhead in a blue vinyl corset, with matching high heel boots and black stockings; Wolf, an Auburn assassin in black leather shorts, gloves and high heel boots with a heavy assault rifle; Ada, a black-haired mistress in a black corset and stockings; and Nikita, a redhead Russian spy in a black women's business suit with a suitcase containing a small arsenal of weapons. Eye Rotation Technique (ERT) The second variation was known as the Eye Rotation Technique also known as ERT. This variation had the same EVE body but with a new head. The head had eye sockets inside, so that it could be opened to change the eyeballs to a different iris color. The dolls in this category included the following: Carol, a bank robber, dressed in a brown sleeveless leather jumpsuit, red leather coat and white clown mask; Risa, along haired redhead ninja in a blue vinyl vest and glittering body suit; Rosanna, a blonde Biker in a black leather jacket and slacks; Kathy, a black-haired nerd in a black dress, stockings, black leather jacket and pink horn-rimmed glasses; Rebecca, a redhead cowgirl in bluejeans, chaps, a red leather coat, western boots and hat; Muriel, an auburn sniper in a beige uniform with a bullet-proof", "title": "ZC Girls" }, { "docid": "64578284", "text": "Roberta Freeman is an American singer, best known for her work with Guns N' Roses, Pink Floyd, Cinderella, Engelbert Humperdinck, and Mary Wilson's Supremes. According to Rolling Stone, \"Freeman was one of six women brought into the madness of GN’R for their marathon ‘Use Your Illusion’ tour.\" Fellow female musicians include Tracey Amos, Cece Worrall, Lisa Maxwell, Anne King and Diane Jones.\"All were brought on board in the early stages of the Use Your Illusion tour in the summer of 1991, and they stuck around until it wrapped up two years later. As touring members... they played a huge role in shaping the band’s sound during their commercial peak.\" Vocal work In 2022, Freeman performed with Jon Batiste on We Are, which won a Grammy Award for Album of the Year during the 64th Annual Grammy Awards. In 2021, Freeman released a cover of Pink Floyd's \"Wish You Were Here.\" Featuring Classless Act’s Derek Day, Guns N’ Roses’, Teddy Andreadis, Jane’s Addiction’s Stephen Perkins, and Gwen Stefani’s Derek Frank. The accompanying music video was filmed at the Teragram Ballroom in Los Angeles, CA and shot by award-winning cinematographer Michael Franks. Freeman performed at the 2022, 90th Annual Hollywood Christmas Parade supporting Marine Toys for Tots with The Jet Velocity Holiday All Star Band led by Jason Ebs (Peter Criss) and Janea Chadwick Ebs (Joe Cocker & ECOTONIC), featuring Teddy Andreadis (Guns N’ Roses), Glen Sobel (Alice Cooper), Britt Lightning (Vixen), Mitch Perry (Cher and Edgar Winter), and Adam Kury (Candlebox). Freeman serves as vocal director, arranger, and choreographer with Scott Page’s all-star celebrity rockstar Pink Floyd Tribute Band, Think:EXP featuring Stephen Perkins (Jane’s Addiction), Norwood Fisher (Fishbone), Kenny Olson (Kid Rock), Derek Day ( Classless Act), Tony Franklin (The Firm), Kitten Kuroi (Elvis Costello), Melonie Taylor (Bette Midler), and Carol Hatchett, and The Voice’s Will Champlin aka Kill Will, son of former Chicago member Bill Champlin. Personal life A native of New York City, Freeman spent her early childhood in Brooklyn, then later moved to Co-op City with her family. She was the second of two girls born to African-American father, James Freeman, and Russian-Jewish mother, Gertrude. Her sister is award winning children's book illustrator, Laura Freeman. Associated acts Annabella Lwin Bee Gees Bernard Fowler Black Veil Brides Cinderella Engelbert Humperdinck Enrique Bunbury Foxy Shazam Freda Payne Gavin Christopher Gin Wigmore Gilby Clarke Guns N' Roses Hanni El Khatib Jade Sterling Wolf Jr. Jerry Harrison Joe Cocker John Mellencamp Johnny Kemp Mark Collie Mary Wilson Michael Ubaldini Nick Waterhouse Pink Floyd Brit Floyd The Pretty Reckless RDGLDGRN Secondhand Serenade Stevie Salas Sugaray Rayford Think:EXP Weezer Live performances Think:EXP (2018 - ) \"Great Gig IN The Sky\" - Live at The LA WisDome (2019) \"Great Gig IN The Sky\" - Live at The LA WisDome (2019) \"Great Gig IN The Sky\" - Live at The LA WisDome (04/19) \"Great Gig IN The Sky\" - Live at The LA WisDome (12/18) \"Money\" (1/31/20) Nick Waterhouse (2014 - ) \"Holly\" - Promo (Full", "title": "Roberta Freeman" }, { "docid": "39510555", "text": "Hot Tub Time Machine 2 is a 2015 American science-fiction comedy film directed by Steve Pink and written by Josh Heald. The film stars Rob Corddry, Craig Robinson, Clark Duke, Adam Scott, Chevy Chase, and Gillian Jacobs. It is the sequel to the 2010 film Hot Tub Time Machine. The film was released on February 20, 2015. John Cusack, who played Adam Yates and produced the first film, does not return in the theatrical cut, but has a brief cameo in the unrated version. The film grossed $13 million against a budget of $14–18 million, and reviews were generally unfavorable, deeming it \"unfunny\" and \"unoriginal\". Plot Five years after the events of the first film, Lou Dorchen and Nick Webber have become rich and famous, with Lou becoming a billionaire and Nick being a successful musician/singer. At Lou's celebratory party, Lou is shot in the groin. Jacob (Lou's son) and Nick drag him to the hot tub time machine and activate it to travel back in time to find and stop the killer. When they awaken, they find themselves 10 years in the future, where Jacob is in charge of Lou's mansion. After determining that they are in an alternate timeline where Lou's killer is from this future, they go to their friend Adam Yates's home, only to meet his son Adam Yates Stedmeyer (Adam Jr.), who is engaged to a woman named Jill. Lou suspects his nemesis Gary Winkle is the killer, but he learns Gary actually made his own fortune from some land that Lou could have purchased. They party at Gary's nightclub, where Adam Jr. takes hallucinogens for the first time. The next day, they attend the popular television game show Choozy Doozy, where contestant Nick is required to have virtual reality sex with a man. As Lou suggested the idea, he is obliged to participate, but uses his \"lifeline\" to switch with Adam Jr. Essentially; Jacob becomes disillusioned with the misadventures and leaves the group to get drunk at Gary's club and to then commit suicide by jumping off an extremely high building. Lou makes amends with him and prevents his suicide. When the guys see a news report where Brad, an employee of Lougle, invents nitrotrinadium, the ingredient that activates the hot tub time machine, they suspect he is the killer. At Adam Jr.'s wedding, Jacob talks with Brad and realizes he is not the killer, but that he invented the chemical after being inspired by Lou's words. Jill, who is upset about Adam Jr.'s partying, has sex with Lou, but when Adam Jr. finds out, he steals the nitrotrinadium and goes back to the past, revealing himself as the killer. Jacob, Nick, and Lou return to the mansion, but are too late to stop Adam Jr. As the guys sit in defeat, Jacob realizes that because the chemical has appeared in the past, it now exists in the future. They return to the present and stop Adam Jr. from shooting Lou after Lou apologizes", "title": "Hot Tub Time Machine 2" }, { "docid": "12958174", "text": "Whispering to Witches is British writer Anna Dale's first novel, published in 2004 by Bloomsbury Publishing. It is a magical mystery adventure intended for youngsters age 8–12. It was publisher Bloomsbury's main title for Autumn 2004 and was scheduled for distribution in the UK, the United States, Germany, and other countries. The book is drawn from her 2001 Master's dissertation in writing for children. The story follows the adventures of a young boy named Joe Binks who makes the acquaintance of a young witch nicknamed Twiggy. The two are caught up in a whirlwind of magical adventures and mysteries as they search for the evil being who is trying to halt the spreading of the magical community, thus ceasing the existence of witches forever. Plot summary When Joe Binks' father, Nicholas Binks, announces to him that they will not be spending Christmas together in London, Joe is distraught. Joe's Great-aunt Adelaide has taken a fall, and Nick is going to spend time with her because she's not doing well. Joe boards a train in King's Cross Station heading for Canterbury so that he can spend the Holidays with his mother, Merle, and her new family (Joe's stepdad, Gordon, and his younger sister, Esme). While on the train, Joe makes the acquaintance of a woman with black hair wearing a pink woolen suit filling out a crossword puzzle with a marble green fountain pen, and a man in a pinstriped suit with an S-shaped tattoo on his wrist talking on a cellular phone. The three exchange light small talk, and the woman points out that Joe dropped his ticket on the ground. Shortly after retrieving his ticket, a glamorous woman wearing a black velvet coat sits down next to Joe. She carries a cat basket on her lap with two rats in it. The lights in the car go out, and Joe seems to notice several flashes of light, that show two rats fighting a snake that appears to be the same colour as the fountain pen, and the other two adults have vanished. Shortly after, Joe exits the train. A stoutly woman wearing a long black dress and a navy blue coat rudely collects Joe's ticket, and scurries away. Joe then meets two people who work at the train station, who inform Joe that he's gotten off at the wrong stop, and that he gave his ticket to an imposter. They provide him with a tricycle that he may use to ride home to his mother's house. As he begins his journey home, Joe notices the tricycle has a mind of its own as it rushes him away to a building on Weaver's Street with a crooked chimney and purple door. He meets several women in what appears to be an office building, the first of which is a girl named Twiggy, who appears to be a girl his age with wily unkempt brown hair. The next is Rose, a grumpy older woman, who gives Joe a hard time. The", "title": "Whispering to Witches" }, { "docid": "58460458", "text": "is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Hirō Nakamichi. It focuses on a group of teenage girls and their efforts to set up a board game café. It was serialized in Shogakukan's manga magazine Monthly Shōnen Sunday from March 2013 to June 2021, with its chapters collected in nineteen volumes. An anime television series adaptation by Liden Films aired from October to December 2019. Plot Miki Takekasa is a shy high school girl who prefers to keep to herself. One day after school, she encounters a new transfer student named Aya Takayashiki, who convinces her to go on an adventure together. Sometime later, they spot the class representative, Midori Ono, heading into the entertainment district. When they follow her, they learn she works at a game shop. This discovery causes Miki, Aya, and Midori to realize that they share a passion for board games. As such, they spend time playing different games together. Characters Miki is a shy girl with short blue hair and turquoise eyes. She does not believe she knows how to have fun and prefers to avoid crowds. Aya is an exuberant new student with long light brown hair and brown eyes. She has a tendency to treat new acquaintances as old friends. Midori is the class representative who is a stickler for rules. She has shoulder length dark brown hair and brown eyes. She works in a game shop in the entertainment district. Takeru is a man of rough appearance, but amicable nature. He is the manager of the game shop where Midori works. He has tanned skin, always wears sunglasses, and is bald. Emilia is a blonde German/Irish girl who moved from Hamburg to Japan with her father. She transfers to the school where Miki, Aya, and Midori go. Shōta is a blond boy with brown eyes who is a classmate of Miki, Aya, and Midori's. Having known Midori since preschool, he has a crush on Aya and desires to get close to her. Ryūji is a friend of Shōta's who is somewhat socially awkward and devoted to practicing kendo. He has a group of fangirls he actively tries to avoid. Yūto is the student council president. Easygoing and popular, he is good at identifying individuals' strengths and weaknesses. He states that he ran for student council to make people smile. Ren is the student council vice president. She has short pink hair and pink eyes. She and Midori were a team in middle school, and she is determined to get Midori back into the student council. Hana is Aya's mild mannered older sister. She has long brown hair and brown eyes. Her best friend describes her as a magnet for weirdos. Kyōko is Hana's best friend. She has blonde hair always pulled back in a short ponytail, green eyes, and is usually seen chewing on a stick. She has a threatening persona, but has a track record of defending the underdog. Media Manga After School Dice Club, written and illustrated by Hirō", "title": "After School Dice Club" }, { "docid": "14641024", "text": "\"My Love Is Pink\" is a song by English girl group Sugababes from their fifth studio album, Change (2007). It was written by band members Keisha Buchanan and Heidi Range in collaboration with the songwriting and production team Xenomania, who produced the song. \"My Love Is Pink\" is an uptempo dance-pop and electropop song, reminiscent of those performed by British girl group, Girls Aloud. The song was released on 10 December 2007 in the United Kingdom and Ireland as the second single from Change. It received mixed reviews from critics, who praised the composition and sound, but criticised its lyrical content. The song peaked at number five on the UK Commercial Pop Club chart and number 51 on the Slovakian Singles Chart. Background and composition \"My Love Is Pink\" was written by Sugababes members Keisha Buchanan and Heidi Range in collaboration with the British songwriting and production team Xenomania, consisting of Miranda Cooper, Brian Higgins, Tim Powell, Lisa Cowling and Nick Coler. Higgins and Xenomania produced the song. It was mixed by Powell and Higgins; programmed it with Cooper and Gray. \"My Love Is Pink\" was sent to digital retailers in the United Kingdom and Ireland on 10 December 2007 as the second single from Change. The song is an uptempo dance-pop and electropop record with a high-energy dance beat. The instrumentation is provided by keyboards and a guitar. Nick Levine of Digital Spy described it as a \"slightly unhinged handbag anthem operating at the point where nineties dance and noughties electro collide\". Several critics noted similarities between the song and those performed by British girl group, Girls Aloud. \"My Love Is Pink\" was also considered by critics to be a gay anthem. Reception The song received mixed reviews from critics, who were ambivalent towards its composition. Thomas H Green of The Daily Telegraph described it as \"belligerently fizzing pop\". Alexis Petridis of The Guardian labelled the track as \"propulsive\" and regarded it as a classy example of the group's \"trademark clever, referential pop\". Victoria Segal of The Times described \"My Love Is Pink\" as indestructible, and wrote that it confirms the group's status as \"the bionic band\". Lauren Murphy of Entertainment Ireland characterised it as one of the album's \"sense-stirring tracks\", while BBC's Tom Young praised the track as \"sassy and Girls Aloud-like\". According to Leon McDermott of The Sunday Herald, the song \"jumps and squelches with its sassy brio\". A critic from The Liverpool Daily Post & Echo considered it one of the album's highlights. However, the song's lyrics were a focal point for criticism. Andy Gill of The Independent dismissed it as a \"euphemism too far\", while Keith Bruce of The Sunday Herald called the song \"lyrically awful\". Gavin Martin of the Daily Mirror described it a \"frisky but a pale reflection of past G.A.Y. disco glories\". Hot Press magazine's Pete Murphy felt that the song was a let-down and called it \"standard dancefloor fodder veneered with a patina of urban and/or Afro-Caribbean sophistication\". A writer for", "title": "My Love Is Pink" }, { "docid": "43630148", "text": "Wallykazam! is an American CGI interactive children's animated television series created by Adam Peltzman for Nickelodeon. The series was first broadcast on February 3, 2014 on Nickelodeon's Nick Jr. block and ended on September 9, 2017. In Canada, it was broadcast on Treehouse TV. In December 2020, the entire series was added to Paramount+ (at the time CBS All Access). Plot The literacy series takes place in a colorful fairytale world. The show revolves around a young troll named Wally Trollman, who uses his magic stick to turn words into physical objects or occurrences, along with his pet dragon Norville & his other friends. The duo occasionally runs into trouble, mostly caused by Bobgoblin. Characters Main Wally Trollman (voiced by Thomas Langston) is an adventurous 6-year-old blue troll who uses his magic stick to allow words to come to life. His mother, Linda Trollman, debuted in the season one finale \"Mission for Mom\". Norville Trollman (voiced by Dan Bittner) is a red dragon and Wally's pet. He cannot speak clearly, his barks and yips form words but are sometimes hard to understand. In some cases Wally repeats the words Norville says, allowing the audience to hear it pronounced more clearly. Bobgoblin (voiced by Aria Capria and Tony Bennett) (singing voice in Wally Saves the Trollidays) is a troublesome green goblin who talks in the third person and habitually addresses people by their full names. He has an uncle named Robgoblin who lets him take care of his pet dragon Hortis sometimes. His buddy-pal-friend is Hattie. He is also among Wally's friends and his strength was enhanced by Wally enchanting him with the magic word \"Lift.\" Bobgoblin enjoys music, and in several episodes is shown to play the drums very proficiently. Gina Giant (voiced by Taliyah Whitaker) is Wally's neighbor and one of his best friends. She is a 6-year-old purple giant with blonde hair and turquoise eyes who has a collection of dolls. Wally magically enhanced her agility by transforming her into an acrobat, and she is able to do cartwheels, front flips, and a double backflip while capturing Wizard Jeff's flying fish Sheila. Ogre Doug (voiced by Jorge Vega) is one of Wally's good friends. He is a gentle 7-year-old yellow ogre who has red hair and wears suspenders. He is a creature expert who likes studying creatures, playing with creatures, and writing songs about creatures; he plays the guitar (as seen in “Wally Saves the Trollidays”, the “Alphabet Song”, and the “Ode to a Creature” songs). Also, he likes to hug, saying \"Doug Hug!\" as he does so. Libby Light Sprite (voiced by Jenna Iacono) is a 4-year old energetic pink sprite with purple hair and the ability to trace words from light. Like Ogre Doug, she is also good friends with Wally. She is later revealed to be the Buddy Pal Friend of Gina. She enjoys singing, dancing, and putting on light shows with her powers. Stan of the Swamp (voiced by J.R. Horne (2014-2016, his death)", "title": "Wallykazam!" }, { "docid": "52420321", "text": "Little People is an animated television series for children based on the Fisher-Price toy line of the same name, produced by HIT Entertainment, and DHX Media (now known as WildBrain), and broadcast on Sprout. It premiered on Sprout on March 7, 2016. 52 episodes were produced. It has been renewed for a second season, which started airing in 2018. Characters Main Eddie (voiced by Kannon Kurowski in Season 1 and Ethan Pugiotto in Season 2) is a Caucasian-American boy with blond hair. He wears a white T-shirt with an explosion on it, orange pants, and blue shoes. Koby (voiced by Aden Schwartz in Season 1 and Nicolas Aqui in Season 2) is an Asian-American boy with black hair. He wears an orange T-shirt with a robot head on it, blue pants, and red-orange shoes. Mia (voiced by Emma Shannon in Season 1 and Millie Davis in Season 2) is a Latin-American girl with brown hair. She wears a white T-shirt with a pink dress over it and pink shoes with white socks. She has a hair bow attached to her headband. Sofie (speaking voice by Taylor Autumn Bertman in Season 1 singing voice by T.J. McGibbon and Shechinah Mpumlwana in Season 2) is an Irish-American girl with red hair. She wears a teal dress, striped tights, pink shoes, and pink framed glasses. Her hair is styled in pigtails with blue and pink ribbons. Tessa (voiced by Sanai Victoria in Season 1 and Chloe Bryer in Season 2) is an African-American girl with black hair. She wears a lime green T-shirt with a yellow flower on it, a purple skirt, pink leggings, and yellow shoes. Her hair is styled in buns with lime green hair elastics. Lucky is a white dog who has brown spots. Recurring Jack (voiced by Christopher Schleicher in Season 1 and Evan Blaylock in Season 2) is Emma's younger brother. He wears a blue T-shirt with a green pocket on it and khaki pants. Emma (voiced by Nicole Moorea Sherman in Season 1 and Lilly Bartlam in Season 2) is Jack's older sister. She wears a purple dress with a blue flower on it, a pink headband with white stars, and pink shoes. Humpty Dumpty (voiced by Jason LaShea and Jamie Watson) King Pigalot (voiced by Robbie Daymond) Queen Tortoise (voiced by Dana Rosario) Chris (voiced by Chris Marek) is a boy. He wears a red shirt with a blue car on it, light gray pants, and blue shoes. Production The show was placed into pre-production in June 2014 for a potential 2015 season premiere. The show was introduced at a Licensing Expo on June 17, 2014. The show is the first Fisher-Price brand done by newly acquired (2012) Hit. The show debuted on weekday schedule on Sprout in the United States on March 7, 2016 and on Family Jr. in Canada on March 1, 2017. Cartoon Network UK's sister preschool channel Cartoonito premiered the Little People TV series on April 11, 2016. Episodes Season 1 (2016-2017)", "title": "Little People (TV series)" }, { "docid": "54247164", "text": "Sunny Day is an animated children's television series produced by Silvergate Media. The series revolves around Sunny (voiced by Lilla Crawford), a tween-age hairdresser who runs her own hair salon with the help of her dog Doodle (Rob Morrison), hair colorist Rox (Élan Luz Rivera), and receptionist Blair (Taylor Louderman). Sunny's best customers are Timmy (Kevin Duda ), who is in charge of hosting events and shows in Sunny's hometown, and Cindy (Melissa van der Schyff), the unlucky town chef who has a constant bad hair day. The series is loosely based on the Random House picture book series Fairytale Hairdresser by Abie Longstaff and illustrated by Lauren Beard. Each episode features an original song written by Peter Lurye. For the first season, 40 episodes were produced by Silvergate Media and Canadian company Pipeline Studios. On April 5, 2016, the show was renewed for a second season of 20 episodes. The series premiered on Nickelodeon in the United States on August 21, 2017. New episodes moved to the separate Nick Jr. Channel in October 2018. The show also aired in Canada on Treehouse TV and on Nick Jr. and Milkshake! in the United Kingdom. Premise Taking place in the seaside city of Friendly Falls, the series follows a professional hairstylist named Sunny who works at her own hair salon. Sunny uses her creativity and knowledge of hair care to solve problems. The other salon employees are Sunny's talking dog Doodle, Rox the hair colourist, and Blair the receptionist. Sunny's best customers are Timmy, who hosts every town event in Friendly Falls, and Cindy, the unlucky local baker with constantly messy hair. While the setting of the series is different, the message and characterization mirror Abie Longstaff's original vision in Fairytale Hairdresser books, which feature salon-owner Kittie Lacey, \"the facilitator and the problem-solver ... at the heart of the community\" \"who works hard, defeats evil-doers, [and] shows solidarity with the girls she helps.\" Characters Main Sunny (voiced by Lilla Crawford in the US and Lily Portman in the UK) is a creative tween-aged hair stylist who runs her own salon. She has multi-colored hair (mainly blonde with pink, purple, and red streaks). Doodle (voiced by Rob Morrison in the US and Chris Garner in the UK) is Sunny's talking pet dog and sidekick. Rox (voiced by Élan Luz Rivera in the US and Abigail Wisdom in the UK) is the fun-loving hair colorist at Sunny's salon. Blair (voiced by Taylor Louderman in the US and Eleanor Snowdon in the UK) is the cheerful and happy-go-lucky receptionist and manicurist at Sunny's salon. Recurring Timmy (voiced by Kevin Duda in the US and Alan Medcroft in the UK) is one of Sunny's friends. He is in charge of events. Cindy (voiced by Melissa van der Schyff in the US and Imogen Sharp in the UK) is the town bakery. Junior (voiced by Denim Steele and Jesus Del Orden) is Rox's little brother. He is 6 in his first few appearances and turns 7", "title": "Sunny Day (TV series)" }, { "docid": "21701090", "text": "Star Fairies was a doll toy series of the 1980s made by the Tonka company. The dolls had different costumes and personalities. Star Fairies was adapted into a televised special, made by Hanna-Barbera in 1985. Family Home Entertainment released the special on VHS in 1986. Television film The film is about a princess Star Fairy named Sparkle (B.J. Ward) who lives up in the clouds in Castle WishStar. Sparkle's job is to grant wishes to children who wish upon a star, but lately she has been overwhelmed by the increasing number of wishes being made. So she asks for help from the Wishing Well (Jonathan Winters), who instructs her to go to Mount Wishmore and wish on a shooting star. She does so and receives five new star fairy helpers named: True Love (Jean Casem), Whisper (Noelle North), Jazz (Susan Blu), Spice (Didi Conn), and Nightsong (Ta-Tanisha). As the story goes on, the fairies meet a little girl named Hillary (Drew Barrymore), who is upset but cannot think of a wish to make her happy. Hillary and other Star Fairies then seek help from Princess Sparkle. When Hillary and the Star Fairies return to Castle WishStar, they discover Princess Sparkle's Wand has been stolen by a group of short, hairy elves, and their leader, Bungle Boss, who have also made off with the Wishing Well. This sends them on a journey to recover the wand. Tonka toys and Star Fairy dolls In the early 1980s Tonka Toys manufactured an unusual line of dolls called the Star Fairies the series consisted of six dolls. All dolls were marked on the back of their heads Hornby (c) 1983. They stood about 6\" tall. They had swivel heads; fully moveable arms/legs with a twist waist, the legs were also bendable. They had pointed elfish ears and pixie faces. Each fairy came with her own purple brush, a silver star wand and a white base (so each could stand upright). The wings were made of a fabric and placed over a flexible plastic white cut-out frame. These fairies were said to make your wishes come true. All boxes for dolls had the Item # 7700; Princess Sparkle was a blonde with blue eyes. She wore a pale pink gown, silver crown and had pale pink wings. Whisper had dark brown hair with brown eyes. She wore a lavender gown and had matching lavender wings. Spice had dark red hair with green eyes. She wore a short golden yellow dress and had dark yellow wings. True Love had light brown hair with brown eyes. She wore a short white dress with magenta and pale blue wings. Night Song had straight dark brown hair with brown eyes and a brown flesh tone. She wore a pale blue and white dress with matching blue wings. Jazz had straight blonde hair with blue eyes. She had an interesting pink and wine outfit with harem-like sheer pants with matching wine and pink wings. A special deluxe edition Royal Princess", "title": "Star Fairies" }, { "docid": "54594531", "text": "Abby Hatcher (originally titled Abby Hatcher, Fuzzly Catcher) is a Canadian CGI-animated television series created by Rob Hoegee. Produced by Guru Studio in conjunction with Spin Master Entertainment, the series premiered on Nickelodeon in the United States on January 1, 2019, TVOKids in Canada on February 11, 2019, and on Channel 5's Milkshake! block on March 2, 2020 in the United Kingdom. It premiered online on December 18, 2018. On June 4, 2019, the series was renewed for a second season. By November 10, 2019, new episodes moved to the Nick Jr. channel. The final episode of the series aired on April 2, 2022. Premise The series follows an intelligent and energetic seven-year-old girl named Abby Hatcher, and her new friends, the Fuzzlies. The Fuzzlies are quirky creatures that live in her family's hotel. Together with her best Fuzzly friend Bozzly, Abby goes on wild adventures to fix Fuzzly mishaps and help them in any way she can. Episodes Characters Main Abby Hatcher (voiced by Macy Drouin in the North America, and Maisie Marsh in the UK) is a bespectacled seven-year-old girl of mixed Canadian and Chinese descent who possesses detective skills. She is equipped with a wrist device called the Fuzzly Spotter which notifies her of a trouble involving a Fuzzly, plus it can operate different things in the hotel. Bozzly (voiced by Wyatt White) is an aquamarine rabbit-like Fuzzly who can turn invisible, and fly (by spinning his ears like a propeller). He also has super sensitive hearing, and has a front pocket containing various objects (some of which are larger than him). He is Abby's best friend and partner. Fuzzlies Princess Flug (voiced by Michela Luci) is a pink slug-like Fuzzly who is made of glitter goo which can either be sticky or slippery. She can blow bubbles that could carry away anything that gets inside them, or neutralize sticky glitter gloo. She has a cousin named Flugtilda who is orange-colored and bespectacled. Teeny Terry (voiced by Jacob Soley) is a small round marigold cat-bird-like Fuzzly with winged arms that allow him to fly. He can inflate like a balloon which enables him to fly higher and carry more load. Otis (voiced by Christian Dal Dosso) is a red raspberry-like Fuzzly with three extendable tentacles on his head which can be used for swinging or reaching things several feet away. His tentacles also have holes that open which can stick to objects or pump air to inflatables. Curly (voiced by Sophie Cullingan) is a pink and orange rabbit-like Fuzzly with a spiral tail that can work like a spring, thus allowing her to leap high (and to also hold things as she lacks arms). She often says a word three times. Mo and Bo (voiced by Laaibah Alvi and Leo Orgil, respectively) are twin cat-like Fuzzlies with stretchy torsos that allow them to reach things several feet high, and to slingshot stuff. They also have retractable heads and limbs, the ability to grow multiple extra pairs of", "title": "Abby Hatcher" }, { "docid": "26789979", "text": "Juno Baby was a multiple Emmy Award winning line of children’s educational-development products that blend original music with puppet characters. The product line focuses around the characters of Juno, a six-year-old girl with a natural passion for music, her two-year-old brother Rai Rai, and several animal companions. The company has two brands: Juno Baby which is geared toward the toddler and infant market and Juno Jr. and the world of Harmonia Springs which focuses on pre-school aged children. The brand was founded by Belinda Takahashi PhD, a professional composer, professor and Adam Adelman in 2003 after the two found themselves disappointed by the lack of music-focused children’s educational material. They officially launched the brand in 2004, and won more awards than any other children's media company in the country. The following year, the company expanded its line of DVDs and CDs to include toys, books, and apparel. The company's first book, Juno's Musical ABCs, was narrated by Brooke Shields. Juno Baby signed a partnership deal with FAO Schwarz with the announcement of their pre-school brand, Juno Jr. along with other retailers such as Buy Buy Baby and Toys \"R\" Us. In June 2010 the company launched their One For All program, which donates one of their products to the Head Start Program for every Juno Baby product purchased. and signed a licensing deal with Cookie Jar Entertainment's licensing arm, CPLG and a television partnership with CCI to broadcast the Juno Jr. series. Characters Juno: The titular character who is a little girl wearing a red dress with the initial \"J\" on it. Her catchphrase is \"Buglebugs! and she waves the baton.\" Voiced by Belinda Takahashi. Rai Rai: Juno's little brother who is a baby wearing a diaper and a blanket tied around his neck resembling a cape and he plays the xylophone and a triangle. He does not speak complete sentences in his baby voice. Portrayed by Raiden Adelman, the son of Takahashi and Adelman. Indie: A cat who is friends with Juno. \"A charming companion, excellent at crossword puzzles, played the french horn and prefers warm milk and cookies at teatime.\" Voiced by Adam Adelman. Bunny - A bunny who is pink, wears a necklace, and has a hair clip on one of her ears and she plays the violin. Voiced by Belinda Takahashsi and Leila Gerstein Murphy - A caterpillar who is Juno's friend. He plays the bassoon. Voiced by Adam Adelman. Buzz - A bee who is Juno's friend. He plays the flute. Voiced by Adam Adelman. Juno Baby releases DVD Juno's Wonderful Day Way To Go, Juno! Indie’s Great Teddy Bear Hunt Juno’s Rhythm Adventure One Bunny Band (Juno Jr.) The Day the Music Stopped (Juno Jr.) CD Juno Baby: Sing Along Edition Juno Baby: Orchestral Edition Juno Baby: Super Duper Deluxe Edition! Juno Baby: Spanish Version Juno Jr Welcome to Harmonia Springs: Sing Along Edition Juno Jr Welcome to Harmonia Springs: Orchestral Edition Juno Jr Welcome to Harmonia Springs: Super Duper Deluxe Edition Juno Jr", "title": "Juno Baby" }, { "docid": "20125605", "text": "is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Natsumi Mukai. It was serialized in Jive's Comic Rush magazine from June 2006 to September 2007 and published in three volumes. It follows a girl named Kaya who, on her sixteenth birthday, discovers that her stuffed animal Purple is alive and has been secretly protecting her. Plot The plot centers around Kaya and her three stuffed animals: Purple, Gray, and Aqua. Because Kaya loves and cares for her stuffed animals so much they are able to have souls, as long as Kaya keeps loving them their souls will be allowed to live on. As the legend goes, if a stuffed animal experiences a 'High Emotional Moment' they can then do a 'Human Transform' in which they are able to become human for a short period of time. As Kaya and her stuffed animals go on adventures they meet other stuffed animals and their owners. Finding out along the way that although some are nice, there are others who are not so kind, meaning Purple, Gray and Aqua are frequently forced to protect Kaya whilst struggling to keep their secret identities hidden from the rest of the world. Characters Kaya Yamase A girl who just turned sixteen and has discovered her dolls are alive. When she was little she found Purple abandoned on a dirt floor. Assuming that he was \"dead\" she buried him until an elderly woman claimed that in doing so, the doll would curse her. Apologizing to the doll, she later took Purple in as her first stuffed animal. She has black hair that is tied back and blue eyes. Purple Kaya's first stuffed animal. Because he has been with Kaya much longer than the other two stuffed animals Kaya owns, he often shows more determination to protect Kaya from dangers. He is depicted as a cotton purple doll with long, spotted ears and tail. In his human form, he has pale hair and eyes and his spotted ears turn into a cap. Gray Another one of Kaya's dolls, he seems to be a wool-made, gray dog. He is very loyal and was made by Kaya's mother. In human form, he has shaggy black hair, dog ears, and a collar around his neck. Aqua A blue polyester fish stuffed animal that belongs to Kaya, he was bought at an aquarium. He often longs to swim in the ocean (he can't or else he will get wet) and succeeds in one chapter when he is sealed in a plastic bag. In his human form he has long, pale hair and a fish necklace. Pink A pink Pegasus girl stuffed animal made by Kaya. She came alive the time she was born when Kaya had developed feelings for Shinri Harihara. She is the only girl stuffed animal and has a sweet demeanor. Tetsu Tsuchida Tetsu is a schoolmate of Kaya and lives and works at a craft shop. He likes Kaya and wants to be friends with her, but he is", "title": "Nui!" }, { "docid": "4484524", "text": "Allegra's Window is an American musical children's television series that aired on Nickelodeon during its Nick Jr. block from October 24, 1994, to December 8, 1996, with reruns being shown until February 5, 1999; it was later shown on Noggin from February 2, 1999, to April 6, 2003. The series deals with the daily life of a precocious, imaginative puppet character named Allegra, and featured live actors, puppets and animation, that was the similar to Sesame Street. The show was created by Jan Fleming, John Hoffman and Jim Jinkins, the latter of whom is also the creator of Doug. Two of the puppeteers, Kathryn Mullen and Anthony Asbury, would later work together on the PBS series Between the Lions as the performers of Lionel and Leona Lion. The series also spawned a series of music videos aired during interstitials that aired on Nick Jr. In the 2010s, the first season was released on iTunes and Amazon Video. On March 5, 2015, the whole series was released for viewing on Noggin's paid-subscription service from its initial launch. Synopsis The series follows Allegra through the daily triumphs, trials, and tribulations of being a little girl. She and her big brother Rondo, along with her best friend Lindi (a yellow dog), a pesky blue neighborhood cat named Riff and a green boy named Poco all try to learn about the world around them with the help of their neighborhood friends. At the end of each episode, Allegra sits at her window and reflects on all the lessons she has learned. The series was music-based and included musically inspired characters named Lindi, Rondo, Riff, Poco, Reed, Miss Melody, Ellington, Encora, Sonata, Clef, Woofer, Aria, Tweeter, Flugie, Vi, and of course, Allegra the title character's name herself. There were also segments that feature talking musical instruments that live on the wall of Reed's Music shop. Over 100 original songs were created for the series, under the oversight of musical director Don Sebesky. The original decision to use the name Allegra for the show's lead occurred after creator/executive producer Jan Fleming attended a dinner party at the house of London-based academics and was introduced to their youngest daughter, Allegra. That evening, she remarked that it would be a great name for the little girl at the center of the project she was working on. Characters Allegra (performed by Kathryn Mullen) is the title character of the series, a 3-year-old girl. She is just learning about the world outside of her home and is quite brave. She mostly encounters problems and is always relied on her friends to find a solution. She also is known for having curly doodle hair, which Rondo points out and hates the fact that he does. She is also the leader of the gang. Rondo (performed by Anthony Asbury) is the older brother of Allegra. He is 6 years old and often tries to act tough. Nevertheless, he has a great deal of love and protection for his younger sister. It is", "title": "Allegra's Window" }, { "docid": "5807920", "text": "Teen Spirit is a deodorant, originally sold by Mennen, then Colgate-Palmolive (after Colgate-Palmolive acquired Mennen in 1992). Teen Spirit was first released by Mennen early in 1991, and with heavy advertising campaigns, it had soon \"established a market niche\" with teen girls. Sales were boosted by the grunge band Nirvana's song \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\", which Kurt Cobain unwittingly named after the deodorant. When Mennen was acquired by Colgate-Palmolive in 1992, the Teen Spirit brand was said to be the most popular product of its kind in the US and was the favorite of nearly 1/4 of all teenage girls. Because of its immense popularity, Colgate-Palmolive planned to begin a new hair-care line with the Teen Spirit name. The new hair-care products were released in August and sold well, as expected. The Teen Spirit name began to lose its share of the market, just as the song with the same name started to drop off the charts. Before long, the company was forced to drop the hair-care line, but kept the deodorants. Today, all that is left of the Teen Spirit franchise is \"Teen-Spirit Stick\". Teen Spirit Stick is now only offered in two fragrances: Pink Crush and Sweet Strawberry. It is available in either the 1.4 or 2.3 ounce (40 or 69 gram) sizes. Scents Pink Crush Sweet Strawberry Discontinued scents: Berry Blossom Pop Star Baby Powder Soft Romantic Rose California Breeze Ocean Surf Caribbean Cool Orchard Blossom Cool Coconut References External links Colgate-Palmolive Homepage Teen Spirit Home Page Smells like Teen Spirit Commercial from 1992 Colgate-Palmolive brands Products introduced in 1991", "title": "Teen Spirit (deodorant)" }, { "docid": "11700663", "text": "is a manga and a seven cell manga by Lun Lun Yamamoto. They were first published from 2004 to 2006 in the magazines Asahi Shōgakusei Shimbun and Asahi Chūgakusei Weekly (Asahi Shimbun group), and subsequently adapted into anime series. The anime series, consisting of a total 52 episodes, was broadcast every Sunday from April 4, 2004 until March 27, 2005 on the TV Tokyo and TV Osaka in Japan. The series focuses on 7 children and a sheep-like character who hang out together and work as a team. Each character is depicted with a varying hairstyle and flavor of fashion. In creating the anime version, Korean Company (KOKO Enterprise, Seoul Movie) and has co-produced with SBS under the name of work in South Korea called \"라즈베리 타임즈 (The Raspberry Times)\", this version only aired for 25 episodes. Plot Sandy, a girl who lives in Marshmallow Town, whose pet is a sheep-like creature named Cloud, and 6 other children—Jasmine, Lime, Basil, Clove, Nuts and Cinnamon—become friends and form a journalism team and adventure their world together. Characters Main characters A girl with orange braided hair who lives with her mother, father and twin brothers. Sandy is a tomboy who is extremely dedicated to her role as editor-in-chief of the Marshmallow Times. Although she can be smart and hard-working, she can also be quite stubborn and has a habit of taking her friends and family for granted, though she does care about them deep down, even if she's not the best at showing it. A pink-haired girl with flowers in her hair and the most popular girl in town. She is obsessed with being \"beautiful\" and follows a strict training regimen in order to maintain her looks. A green-haired boy. He loves to flirt with girls and is constantly going on dates. While most girls find him fun to hang out with, they also see him as too much of a \"show-off\" for them to consider a serious relationship with him. A yellow-haired girl who is usually seen with a camera. She is very cheerful and is always looking for \"scoops\" to photograph. However, due to her poor photography skills, her pictures almost always come out blurry. Because of this, as well as her general disregard for people's privacy, Sandy does not consider her an official member of the Marshmallow Times. A blue-haired boy who always wears headphones. He loves computers and has a stereo in his room. He mostly wears striped clothes. A black-haired boy who has hair covering his eyes. He usually wears a bandanna on his head. He owns a vegetable garden and is a gardener. A light-blue-haired girl. She has a passion for fortune-telling and will often try to use her crystal ball to predict the outcome of events, though her predictions vary in accuracy. A living doll based on Sheep Cloud, the mascot of Cloud Cereal. Sandy won the \"Wake-Up Cloud\" doll in a contest, only for him to mysteriously come to life. Shortly after, he was", "title": "The Marshmallow Times" }, { "docid": "36785412", "text": "is a Japanese light novel series written by Shin Araki and illustrated by Aruya. An anime television series adaptation animated by Doga Kobo, aired between January 10 and March 28, 2013. A special 46-minute-long OVA was released on May 14, 2014. Plot Shinomiya Kyōya is forced to become a new member of the GJ-bu (lit. GJ Club), an unidentified club that dwells in a room of the former building of a certain school. There he meets four girls: Mao, Megumi, Shion and Kirara. Time flies with these unique girls around. The series follows the everyday, though unusual, antics of this band of friends, where they all fall for him. Characters GJ Club Nicknamed \"Kyoro\", Kyōya is the main protagonist of the series. He is the sole male member of GJ-bu, joining the club after being kidnapped by the others. He is a kind and courteous person who is the usual target of the other girls' teasing, frustration and, sometimes, their affection as well. Despite him being completely spineless in comparison to other males, Kyōya seems to have an innate talent in dealing with the opposing sex, like making them skip a beat when he temporarily assumes a more manly and less formal kind of speech or when carefully brushing their hair, a talent he claims he learned upon regularly combing his little sister's hair. He and Mao are almost always seen reading manga and light novels. Mao is the older sister of Megumi and the club's president. She is a small girl who has orange hair and brown eyes. She has the habit of biting and picking on Kyōya when she is bored or angry. She can't stand kissing, to the point of carefully choosing shows to watch or books to read without kiss scenes at all and can barely tolerate the idea of a forehead or cheek kiss. She and Kyouya are almost always seen reading manga and light novels. Nicknamed \"Megu\", Megumi is the middle sister of the Amatsuka family. She is taller than Mao and has pink hair and eyes. She is a nice girl and is always seen making tea inside the club room. She likes to knit and is the one who knit together the club costumes. She always seems to have a calm demeanor even when everyone else in the club is scared. However, she seems to mind her weight, as whenever it is mentioned, she panics. Nicknamed \"Shī\", Shion is a recognized genius chess player and has many brothers, all recognized as experts in some kind of activity. She has violet hair and eyes and has a low body temperature. As Shion is the sole daughter in her family, she likes to dote on younger girls acting as an older sister to them. Kirara is the tallest and strongest member of the club with blue eyes and blonde hair shaped into cat ears. She is always seen eating meat of some sort and tends to be very possessive of it. The only person", "title": "GJ Club" }, { "docid": "1621794", "text": "Who Will Cut Our Hair When We're Gone? is the second and final studio album by Canadian indie rock band the Unicorns. It features several re-arranged versions of songs from their earlier self-released album Unicorns Are People Too. The album was first issued on CD and on vinyl in North America by Alien8 Recordings on October 21, 2003, and on CD in Europe by Rough Trade Records in 2004. It has since been repressed in limited quantities on pink and brown vinyl by Alien8 and was re-released on August 26, 2014 on the band's own label, Caterpillar Records. The album received positive reviews both upon its release and in retrospective analyses, and it has been considered to be one of the best Canadian indie rock albums of all time. Critical reception The album received positive reviews. Shortly after its release, Eric Carr of Pitchfork wrote that \"even at their goofiest, The Unicorns' level of comfort with their material-- and the obvious confidence that engenders-- makes it all seem totally natural and new\". After its 2014 re-issue, Pitchfork'''s Stuart Berman called it \"messy and often brilliant\", writing that the album is \"too complex to be classified as garage-rock, too unsettled to be psychedelic, too hooky to be described as art-damaged, and too fiercely funky to lapse into twee solipsism\". Adam Kivel of Consequence of Sound wrote that, throughout the album, \"death and darkness haunt everything, even the cheeky synth tones and joyous guitars, but that shouldn't stop you from dancing\". Justin Cober-Lake of PopMatters called the album \"one of the year's most enjoyable\", and Adam Lalama of Noisey wrote that it is \"incontestably one of the coolest Canadian indie-rock albums of all time\". In popular culture The album was briefly featured in the CBS sitcom How I Met Your Mother in the episode \"Girls Versus Suits\". Track listing 2014 reissueWho Will Cut Our Hair When We're Gone? was reissued on 26 August 2014 to coincide with the band's brief reunion tour, ten years after their initial split. It features new artwork and includes four bonus tracks which are all previously unreleased other than \"Evacuate the Vacuous\" which appeared on The Unicorns: 2014. \"Rocket Ship\" is a cover of a song by Daniel Johnston, which is rumoured to have been recorded for the 2004 tribute album The Late Great Daniel Johnston: Discovered Covered''. Personnel Nick \"Neil Diamonds\" Thorburn and Alden \"Ginger\" Penner – vocals, drums, synthesizers, percussion, drum machine, toy piano, toy organ, echoplex, guitar, bass guitar, tape, recorder, glockenspiel, accordion Jaime \"J'amie Tambeur\" Thompson – drums (\"Tuff Ghost\", \"Jellybones\", \"I Was Born (A Unicorn)\", \"Inoculate the Innocuous\", and \"Les Os\") Brendan Reed – vocals (\"I Was Born (A Unicorn)\") Richard Reed Parry – trumpet (\"I Don't Wanna Die\"); bowed bass on (\"Sea Ghost\"); additional recording assistance Joellen Housego – fiddle (\"Tuff Luff\"); violin (\"Let's Get Known\") Randy Peters – penny whistle (\"Tuff Luff\"); clarinet (\"Let's Get Known\") Tim Kramer – cello (\"Ready to Die\") Maxime Pellisier – clarinet (\"Child Star\") Deanna", "title": "Who Will Cut Our Hair When We're Gone?" }, { "docid": "8637312", "text": "Rose Petal Place is an American-produced animated film from 1984 made by Ruby-Spears, with a corresponding line of flower-themed dolls made by Kenner Products. The concept for Rose Petal Place was created by David Kirschner and the film was written by Mal Marmorstein. The film was directed by Charles August Nichols, and was released in syndication in May 1984. History Rose Petal Place was first introduced in the 1980s as an animated film which also included a corresponding toy line and playsets. Rose Petal dolls were markedly similar to the fruit and dessert-themed Strawberry Shortcake dolls, also made by Kenner. The Rose Petal dolls themselves were flower-themed and based on different types of flowers. According to the toys' boxes and the movie, Rose Petal Place began a long time ago when a young girl (played by Nicole Eggert) was moving away from her lovely home and garden. She cried for her beloved garden because no one would be there to take care of her flowers. She didn't want them to perish, so she made a secret wish that the flowers would live forever. Out of this magical wish, combined with her tears of love, brought Rose Petal and all of her friends (Lily Fair, Daffodil, Orchid, Sunny Sunflower, and Iris) to life. Now living forever, Rose Petal and her friends reside in the garden and tend the little girl's flowers, but face trouble from the nefarious plots of Nastina the spider and her assistant Horace Fly. Other accessories which were produced included lunchboxes, books, games, stickers, and various fashions for the dolls. Characters The primary characters of Rose Petal Place were: Rose Petal, a pink-haired, pink-clad doll whose singing keeps the other flowers alive. In the cartoon, Rose Petal was voiced by Marie Osmond. Sunny Sunflower, a yellow haired and clad tomboy who tells jokes to make the other flowers laugh. She is Rose Petal's closest companion. Voiced by Susan Blu. Lily Fair, a blue haired and clad ballet dancer. Voiced by Renae Jacobs. Daffodil, another yellow haired and clad doll, this one obsessed with finance. Voiced by Susan Blu. Orchid, a purple clad shopaholic with pale lavender hair. Voiced by Renae Jacobs. Iris, a purple and white clad painter of African ethnicity. Voiced by Candy Ann Brown. Nastina, a widow spider who attempts to thwart the flowers' happiness, and even to kill Rose Petal on one occasion. Nastina is assisted by a horse-fly, Horace, (voiced by Frank Welker) who didn't get a toy. Voiced by Marilyn Schreffler. The animated special also featured five other characters, Elmer, an Elm tree who watches over the garden, Seymour J. Snailsworth, a wise and helpful snail, P.D. Centipede, a sports-oriented centipede (all voiced by Frank Welker), Tumbles, a friendly hedgehog and a lavender-colored kitten named Pitterpat. Rose Petal Place: Real Friends (1985) David Kirschner Productions and Ruby-Spears Enterprises created a second movie in 1985 called Rose Petal Place: Real Friends. The film was directed by Charles August Nichols. This second movie introduced six", "title": "Rose Petal Place" }, { "docid": "52835796", "text": "We're Lalaloopsy is an animated children's television series co-produced by MGA Entertainment, Splash Entertainment, and Netflix. The series is based on the Lalaloopsy dolls from MGA Entertainment, and is a revival of the children’s animated television series Lalaloopsy on Nickelodeon. It debuted on Netflix on January 10, 2017. Premise This Netflix Original series is a revival of Lalaloopsy, a Nick Jr. series that first aired in 2013. Although they both share the basic premise of rag dolls having adventures in Lalaloopsy Land, the exact details of each series vastly differ. 48 unique Lalaloopsies appeared in the original series. In contrast, We're Lalaloopsy only features 10 characters, a significant downgrade from 48. The Netflix series also offers a more continuity based structure as opposed to the previous series's more episodic structure. We're Lalaloopsy mainly focuses on Storm E. Sky (who previously appeared in Lalaloopsy Girls: Welcome to L.A.L.A Prep School) gradually becoming accepted in Town Square, a section of Lalaloopsy Land. Another difference from the original series is that We're Lalaloopsy has a different art style which is more shaded and emphasizes the dolls' facial features. Unlike Lalaloopsy, the Lalaloopsies are now voiced by adults. Characters Main Jewel Sparkles (voiced by Kazumi Evans) is a girly princess who loves tiaras and makeup. Her pet is a pink cat named Cat. Storm E. Sky (voiced by Mariee Devereux) is a punky guitarist with stage fright and thus doesn't like to sing in front of an audience. She is the newest resident of Lalaloopsy Land. She has a rivalry with Jewel, though they later become friends near the end of the series. Her pet is a purple cat with a black lightning bolt tail named Cool Cat. Crumbs Sugar Cookie (voiced by Jocelyne Loewen) is a baker. Her pet is a white mouse with a pink tail named Mouse. Dot Starlight (voiced by Maryke Hendrikse) is a smart stargazer and inventor. Her pet is a red bird with blue wings named Bird. Spot Splatter Splash (voiced by Sabrina Pitre) is an artist with a laid-back personality. Her pet is a red-and-white striped zebra named Zebra. Rosy Bumps 'N' Bruises (voiced by Diana Kaarina) is a nurse. Her pet is a brown bear named Bear wrapped in bandages with a heart-shaped medical patch over one eye. Recurring Ace Fender Bender (voiced by Matt Hill) is a handyman. His pet is a brown monkey wearing a red bow named Monkey. Ace’s design is significantly different from his previous incarnation. Berry Jars 'N' Jam (voiced by Maryke Hendrikse) is a farmer and cook who is Sunny's younger twin sister. Her pet is a white cow with pink spots and a yellow bow on the tail named Cow. Sunny Side Up (voiced by Maryke Hendrikse) is a farmer and animal lover who is Berry's older twin sister. Her pet is a yellow chick wearing a pink bow on top of the feathery head and pink wings named Chick. Forest Evergreen (voiced by Samuel Vincent) is a lumberjack", "title": "We're Lalaloopsy" }, { "docid": "844235", "text": "Brian Tristan (born March 27, 1959), better known by his stage name Kid Congo Powers, is an American rock guitarist, singer, and actor best known as a member of The Gun Club, the Cramps and Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds. He has also played with the Divine Horsemen, the Angels of Light, Die Haut, and Knoxville Girls. As of January 2015, Powers' primary musical project is the band The Pink Monkey Birds. Early life Born in La Puente, California, Powers is a second generation Mexican American. His earliest childhood influences were the Southern California Chicano rock band Thee Midniters. In 1976, he was president of The Ramones fan club, then ran a fanzine for The Screamers. Career 1979–1987: The Gun Club and The Cramps After traveling to London and New York City he returned to L.A. and in 1979 met Jeffrey Lee Pierce. Pierce taught him to play guitar using open tuning, and they formed The Creeping Ritual, which became The Gun Club. Powers left that group before their recording debut, instead joining New York-based band The Cramps in December 1980. Powers rejoined the Gun Club briefly in 1983, touring with Pierce's band in Australia the following year, and then again between 1985 and 1988. 1986–1996: Nick Cave and The Bad Seeds, The Gun Club reunion, Congo Norvell Powers joined Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds in Berlin, Germany, September 1986 initially as a short-term replacement for Hugo Race. Powers ultimately recorded and toured with the Bad Seeds for four years. Powers recorded the albums Tender Prey (1988) and The Good Son (1990) with Cave and his band. Powers recalled in early 2015 that he \"loved\" the \"primaeval element of rock'n'roll\" expressed by the band. During April 1990 Powers amicably left the Bad Seeds to rejoin The Gun Club, which he had reconvened with Jeffery Lee Pierce in 1989. Powers was active with the Gun Club until their 1996 dissolution, and Pierce died in 1997. Parallel to his final stint in the Gun Club, Powers formed Congo Norvell with vocalist Sally Norvell. The band explored a fusion of cabaret and rock styles from 1993 to 1998, and released three full-length albums. 1997–2009: The Pink Monkey Birds and Dracula Boots For his next project, The Pink Monkey Birds, Powers initially collaborated with New York City guitarist Jack Martin, who he has also collaborated with for the Congo Norvell and Knoxville Girls projects. Then, in 2009, Powers recruited Kiki Solis on bass, Ron Miller on drums, and Jesse Roberts on guitar and keyboards. The band moved to In The Red Records and released the much acclaimed debut studio album, Dracula Boots, which was called a \"return to form.\" Dracula Boots was coproduced by Jason Ward and recorded in a former high school gymnasium in Harveyville, Kansas, which is now an artists' retreat called \"The Harveyville Project.\" Dracula Boots consists of numerous genres, including southern soul, 60s Chicano rock, and psychedelic imagery. British magazine N.M.E. wrote: \"In short, on Dracula Boots Kid", "title": "Kid Congo Powers" }, { "docid": "5576159", "text": "The Lionhearts is an American animated television series from MGM that aired on Saturday and Sunday mornings in syndication from September 19 to December 12, 1998. The series aired on syndication in the United States and was also seen in Australia and Latin America (translated into Spanish as Los Corazón de León). The show was last seen on Teletoon in Canada in the early 2000s. The Lionhearts was one of the last series produced by Claster Television Incorporated and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Animation. Plot The Lionhearts focuses on the behind the scenes life of MGM's mascot, Leo Lionheart, and his family. The series shows The Lionhearts living in a normal house and living a normal life just like non-celebrity families. Most of the members of the family are named after famous MGM movie stars. The characters first appeared on a series of Sing-Along children's videos released by MGM in 1997. The original character designs (especially those of Spencer and Kate) were greatly modified for the TV series. Ashley Tisdale provided the voice of Kate in the Sing-Along videos, while Charles Rocket was the voice of Leo, Lana was voiced by Debra Jo Rupp and Chris Marquette did the voice of Spencer . Characters Lionheart Family Leo Lionheart Jr. (voiced by: William H. Macy in the TV series, Charles Rocket in the \"MGM Sing-Along\" videos): Leo is the father, husband and provider of the family. He works as the mascot for MGM's movies, a role which was passed onto him by father Leo Sr. One of Leo's favorite things to do when gets the chance is to nap. In the TV series, he wore a blue sweater. In the \"MGM Sing-Alongs\" videos, he was typically naked, but sometimes wore a grey shirt, a black trenchcoat and hat when going to or leaving work. Lana Lionheart (voiced by: Peri Gilpin in the TV series, Debra Jo Rupp in the \"MGM Sing-Along\" videos): Lana is the mother and wife of the family, she is also the glue that keeps the family from falling apart. She used to work as an acrobat in the circus. She was named after Lana Turner. In the TV series, she had short red hair and wore a purple long sleeved blouse and cyan pants. In the \"MGM Sing-Alongs\" videos, she wore a purple dress that varied between long-sleeved, short-sleeved and sleeveless. Kate Lionheart (voiced by: Natasha Slayton in the TV Series, Ashley Tisdale in the \"MGM Sing-Along\" videos): Kate is the oldest of the three children Leo and Lana have, she's 10 years old. She likes to e-mail, talk to her friends, ride horses and go to school. Kate is very tolerant of her siblings, and a very polite girl overall. Kate is named after Katharine Hepburn. In the TV series, she had red hair in a ponytail and wore a pink t-shirt with a heart shape in the center, purple pants and teal sneakers. In the \"MGM Sing-Alongs\" videos, she was much younger, had glasses and short hair, wore", "title": "The Lionhearts" }, { "docid": "630432", "text": "Popples is a toy and television franchise created by Those Characters From Cleveland (TCFC), a subsidiary of American Greetings. Popples resemble brightly colored marsupial teddy bears with long tails ending in a pom-pom. Each Popple character transforms to resemble a brightly colored ball. In 2018, Popples was sold to Hasbro. History Susan Trentel, who worked for TCFC and had created the first prototypes on Strawberry Shortcake and Care Bears, was the plush toy designer who invented the method for transforming the Popple. Supposedly, the idea came from rolling up socks. Trentel worked with art director Thomas Schneider on the creation of the first prototypes (Patent #4614505). Toy merchandise Popples were manufactured by Mattel between 1986 and 1988. Each toy had a pouch on the back that could be inverted so the character rolled into the pouch and resembled a brightly colored ball. Original line (1986) The first introduction included nine Popples in three different sizes Pretty Cool (P.C. for short) is a 13\" male Popple with blue fur, pink hair, orange cheeks and contrasting orange and yellow ears. Party is a 13\" female Popple, with pink fur, hot pink hair, lavender cheeks and contrasting lavender and pink ears. Pancake is a 13\" female Popple with purple fur, orange hair, pink cheeks and contrasting blue and pink ears. Puzzle is an 11\" male Popple with orange fur, green hair, pink cheeks and contrasting blue and red ears. Prize is an 11\" female Popple with dark magenta fur, white hair, lavender cheeks and contrasting green and pink ears. Puffball is an 11\" female Popple with white fur, yellow hair, orange cheeks and contrasting blue and magenta ears. Pretty Bit is a 8\" female Popple with lavender fur, hot pink hair, pink cheeks and contrasting pink and blue ears. Potato Chip is a 8\" female Popple with yellow fur, pink hair, pink cheeks and contrasting lavender and magenta ears. Putter is a 8\" male Popple with green fur, orange hair, pink cheeks and contrasting red and blue ears. Rock Star Popples and Baby Popples The second launch brought the Rock Star Popples: Punkity (magenta girl with microphone and star on her belly) and Punkster (blue boy with guitar and lightning on his belly) as well as the Popples Babies: Bibsy (white with purple and white hat, bib and booties with stars) and Cribsy (pink with blue and white striped hat, bib and booties). The babies had rattles in their tails and came with a squeaking baby bottle. Pufflings A line extension brought about Pufflings, which looked like little Popple pets (they were basically a ball of fluff with a face and tiny paws and tail coming out, and could flip inside out to look a bit like a sea anemone) and carried riddles and jokes on tags inside them. There were 6 different colors of Pufflings: Red, yellow, sky blue, purple, white and magenta. Sports Popples The Popples also had Sports Popples who turned into balls: Big Kick (soccer ball), Dunker (basketball), Touchdown", "title": "Popples" }, { "docid": "17723767", "text": "Ni Hao, Kai-Lan is an American animated children's television series produced by Nickelodeon Animation Studio. It began as a series of three interstitial shorts on Nick Jr. called Downward Doghouse. The first full episode was initially set to premiere in fall 2007 on Nickelodeon's Nick Jr. block in the United States, but it was pushed back to February 7, 2008, coinciding with Chinese New Year. Ni Hao, Kai-Lan is based on the childhood memories of the show's creator, Karen Chau, who grew up in a bicultural (Chinese-American) household. \"Ni hao\" (你好 nǐ hǎo) means \"Hello\" in Mandarin, and Kai-Lan (凯兰 Kǎilán) is the Chinese name Chau was given at birth, which was later anglicized to Karen. The first two seasons had 20 episodes each. The third season consisted of a two-part series finale. Sascha Paladino was the head writer and developer for the show. The entire series was released on Paramount+ (at the time CBS All Access) on January 19, 2021. Premise The series follows the adventures of Kai-Lan and her group of talking anthropomorphic animal companions. The group consists of Kai-Lan, a 6-year-old Chinese-American girl; Rintoo, a yellow 6-year-old Bengal tiger; Tolee, a gray 5-year-old koala; Lulu, a light pink 5-year-old rhinoceros; and Hoho, a white 3-year-old monkey. Each episode is based around a series of events that occur during Kai-Lan's day, along with obstacles that she and her friends are forced to overcome (with \"assistance\" from the viewing audience) relating to riddles, playing games, and working together. Common rituals may involve Kai-Lan resolving conflicts with her friends when they feel negative emotions. To help them, Kai-Lan has the audience help her figure out why they are having difficult situations. Usually, once Kai-Lan's friends discover that their actions are wrong, they apologize and promise to work together better. The audience is usually presented with two musical sing-alongs where Kai-Lan sings about what must be done to overcome her and her friends' challenges. The episode always ends with Kai-Lan successfully helping her friends and everyone getting along. At the end of all episodes, Kai-Lan thanks the viewer for helping her and adds, \"You make my heart feel super happy!\", saying it again in Chinese in Season 2 onward before saying goodbye. In the Season 1 finale, it is stated that they all live in California. Other aspects generally featured in episodes are breaking the fourth wall, 11 minutes of interactivity, a target word that is repeated multiple times, a few words of Mandarin Chinese vocabulary, and before saying goodbye (at the end of each episode), Kai-Lan says, \"You make my heart feel super happy.\" Later installments added Kai-lan saying this phrase in Mandarin after she said it in English: \"Ni rang wo hao kai xin.\" Ni Hao, Kai-Lan introduces its viewers to the Mandarin Chinese language, along with elements of Chinese culture and values, and intergenerational families (e.g., Kai-Lan and her relationship with Ye-Ye). Episodes Characters Main Kai-Lan (voiced by Jade Lianna Peters) is a playful and adventurous 6-year-old Chinese-American", "title": "Ni Hao, Kai-Lan" }, { "docid": "30716695", "text": ", also known as , is a Japanese shōjo anime directed by Makoto Moriwaki. It was adapted from the Sega arcade game of the same name. It was also adapted into two manga series by Mai Jinna. Plot Ringo Yukimori was walking with her mom and finds a bookstore selling three fairy tale books, Snow White, Cinderella, and The Tale of Princess Kaguya. Ringo herself finds the books disappearing. The reason why the books are disappearing happens to be is that Fairyland is trouble because the princesses are missing and their respective worlds are disappearing, causing a ripple effect on Earth where their stories are popular. The Queen of Fairyland sends three Ma-Pets, Sei, Dai, and Ryouku with magic gems to give three girls and transform them into the \"Princess Idols\" who sings songs to collect Happiness Tones. Later that day, Ringo's family was selling Apple pies, Ringo went walking to give apple pies, then she got run over a flock of people and it brought her to Wish's concert entrances. Ringo meets Leila Takashiro and Natsuki Sasashara at the concert entrances. Finally, the Ma-Pets founded their respective princesses and gave them the Magic gem which became bracelets and transforms the young girls into older female popstars. When they accidentally debuted the concert, the three girls were known as \"Lil' Pri\". Now, they must use their songs to draw and collect Happiness Tones from humans in order to restore Fairyland. Characters Lil'Pri Ringo is a sweet and adventurous girl with a curly and short pink hair with a red headband, red eyes, she wears a white shirt long sleeves with a pink vest with a red bow, a red skirt and dark yellow boots (in summer she wears a white shirt short sleeves with a red bow, a pink and light pink skirt and a cream and red sandals). She dreams of becoming an idol when she's older. Her parents own a bakery that makes \"the best apple pie in the world\". She has septuplet younger brothers (each named after the days of the week) who are sometimes referred to as \"The Seven Dwarfs\". Ringo transforms into Snow White and her symbol is an apple. Her Ma-Pet is Sei, whom she tells her family is a parrot. She wears her pink magical diamond in a dark pink heart bracelet on her left wrist that allows her to transform. Leila is a shy girl with short light yellow hair with a red clips on each side, navy blue eyes, she wears a yellow dress under a light blue sweater with a pink heart with two white wings, black leggings and red Mary jeans (in summer she wear a light blue blouse with a dark blue and white sailor scarf with a yellow button, a yellow shorts and a yellow mary jeans). She tends to be forgetful and clumsy. Her father is Italian and her mother is Japanese. Leila transforms into Cinderella and is represented by a sparkle/diamond. Her Ma-Pet is Dai,", "title": "Lilpri" }, { "docid": "23009319", "text": "The 10th Australian Recording Industry Association Music Awards (generally known as the ARIA Music Awards or simply The ARIAS) was held on 30 September 1996 at the Sydney Convention and Exhibition Centre. Presenters distributed 28 awards with the big winner for the year was You Am I gaining six awards. In addition to previous categories an Outstanding Achievement Award was presented to Silverchair, which acknowledged \"[their] conquering world charts with the single 'Tomorrow' and the debut album album frogstomp.\" A Special Achievement Award was presented to Slim Dusty. The ARIA Hall of Fame inducted: Australian Crawl and Horrie Dargie. Australian Crawl's founding guitarist Brad Robinson, was unable to attend; he was hospitalised with lymphoma (diagnosed three years earlier) and died two weeks after the ceremony. It was also the final Australian performance by INXS with original frontman Michael Hutchence before his death 14 months later. Ceremony details Australian music journalist, Anthony O'Grady, observed, \"It was the last of the Bigger-Than-Ben-Hur Award nights (for the foreseeable future). Over 4,000 (the largest crowd ever and 8 times the number at the first Awards) flooded into the [venue]... [with a] repast at over 200 tables supplied by a dozen kitchens.\" Deni Hines won a trophy for Breakthrough Artist – Single for \"It's Alright\". Her entire acceptance speech was: Presenters and performers The ARIA Awards ceremony was hosted by American musicians Harry Connick Jr. and Chris Isaak. Presenters and performers were: Awards Final nominees for awards are shown in plain, with winners in bold. ARIA Awards Album of the Year You Am I – Hourly, Daily Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds – Murder Ballads John Farnham – Romeo's Heart Finn – Finn Regurgitator – Tu-Plang Single of the Year Nick Cave & Kylie Minogue – \"Where the Wild Roses Grow\" Ammonia – \"Drugs\" Tina Arena – \"Wasn't It Good\" Powderfinger – \"Pick You Up\" You Am I – \"Mr. Milk\" Highest Selling Album Tina Arena – Don't Ask John Williamson – True Blue – The Very Best of John Williamson Martin/Molloy – The Brown Album Merril Bainbridge – The Garden Max Sharam – A Million Year Girl Highest Selling Single CDB – \"Let's Groove\" Crowded House – \"Everything Is Good for You\" Merril Bainbridge – \"Under the Water\" Peter Andre – \"Mysterious Girl\" Regurgitator – New (EP) Best Group You Am I – Hourly, Daily The Badloves – Holy Roadside Crowded House – \"Everything Is Good for You\" Regurgitator – Tu-Plang Silverchair – \"Blind\" Best Female Artist Christine Anu – \"Come On\" Tina Arena – \"Wasn't It Good\" Kate Ceberano – \"Change\" Deni Hines – Imagination Max Sharam – \"Is it OK\" / \"Huntinground\" Best Male Artist Dave Graney – The Soft 'N Sexy Sound Diesel – Short Cool Ones John Farnham – Romeo's Heart Paul Kelly – Deeper Water Tex Perkins – \"You're Too Beautiful\" Best New Talent Monique Brumby – \"Fool for You\" Human Nature – \"Got It Goin' On\" Fiona Kernaghan – Cypress Grove Rail – Bad Hair Life Ute", "title": "ARIA Music Awards of 1996" }, { "docid": "12661743", "text": "Shocking Pinks is an eponymously titled album by the Shocking Pinks. It is a remastered merging of the band's two previous records, Mathematical Warfare and ''Infinity Land', which were originally released on New Zealand record label Flying Nun Records. Track listing \"Wake Up\" \"This Aching Deal\" \"How Am I Not Myself?\" \"Second Hand Girl\" \"End of the World\" \"The Narrator\" \"Yes! No!\" \"Emily\" \"Blonde Haired Girl\" \"Victims\" \"Girl on the Northern Line\" \"I Want U Back\" \"SmokeScreen\" \"Jealousy\" \"Cutout\" \"23\" \"You Can Make Me Feel Bad\" References 2007 albums Shocking Pinks albums DFA Records albums", "title": "Shocking Pinks (album)" }, { "docid": "51793140", "text": "Digby Dragon is a British preschool CGI animated television series created by Sally Hunter, which aired from 4 July 2016 to 29 July 2019. It is produced in the UK by Blue-Zoo Productions for Nick Jr. Premise Digby is an anthropomorphised dragon who lives in the magical land of Applecross Wood, with a group of friends. These friends include creatures typically found in real-life forests, as well as a variety of magical trolls. Voice cast Clark Devlin as Digby Dragon, a young, green dragon \"fledgling\" who can't fly yet. Ainsley Howard as Fizzy Izzy, a ditzy but lovable pink fairy, and Digby's best friend. Rasmus Hardiker as \"Cheeky\" Chips, a nut-obsessed red squirrel. Dustin Demri-Burns as Grumpy Goblin, the cantankerous local inventor/engineer. Has three pet snails and a train called \"Scottie\". Lucy Montgomery as Grizel; a bad tempered little blue elf that likes causing mischief, and Archie; a little grey mouse and the local delivery girl. Mark Heap as Mungo, a scatter-brained and clumsy owl, who serves as Grizel's sidekick. Clive Russell as Albert, a good-natured old badger that owns the Applecross grocery shop. Spellbook: Fizzy's \"Be A Good Fairy Spellbook\", who is a bossy, somewhat overbearing magical book. Sprite: A fun-loving creature that appears as a ball of golden sparkles. Muddles: A mud monster that lives in the Applecross Swamp. Mushrooms: Three little mushrooms with faces that hop about the woods. References 2016 British television series debuts 2019 British television series endings 2010s British children's television series 2010s British animated television series British children's animated comedy television series British children's animated fantasy television series British English-language television shows Channel 5 (British TV channel) original programming Nick Jr. original programming Animated television series about dragons Animated television series about squirrels British computer-animated television series British preschool education television series Animated preschool education television series 2010s preschool education television series", "title": "Digby Dragon" }, { "docid": "34011041", "text": "\"Let Your Hair Down\" is the 7th episode of the supernatural drama television series Grimm of season 1 and the mid-season finale which premiered on December 16, 2011, on NBC. The episode was written by co-executive producer Sarah Goldfinger and executive producer Naren Shankar, and was directed by Holly Dale. Plot Opening quote: \"The enchantress was so hard-hearted that she banished the poor girl to a wilderness, where she had to live in a miserable, wretched state.\" A couple hiking through the woods is captured by a drug dealer. As he prepares to kill them, he is lured away and killed by a creature, and the hikers escape. Nick (David Giuntoli) and Hank (Russell Hornsby) join other officers attending the scene. Nick discovers buckshot and a hair, and then spots a female Blutbad, who flees. Later, he asks Monroe (Silas Weir Mitchell) to help him. They enter the woods and Monroe tracks down the female Blutbad. She again runs, but they follow her to her treehouse, which they enter to find her passed out and ill with fever. Bud (the man who previously fled from Nick after realizing he was a Grimm) tells two of his friends that he has seen a Grimm. They are skeptical but admit he is right when they pass Nick's house at night. When Nick arrives home, they flee. At the station, Sgt. Wu (Reggie Lee) tells Hank that DNA from the hair matches a previous case Hank was involved with: a missing girl named Holly Clark (Mary Jon Nelson). The dealer's brothers kidnap the male hiker, suspecting he killed their brother. Nick determines that the female Blutbad is Holly Clark. Monroe comforts her while Nick gives the news to Hank. Hank and Sgt. Wu interrogate neighbour James Addison (Ted Rooney). In the treehouse, Nick finds camping gear tagged with the name \"Addison\", and calls Hank to let him know. Upon learning this, Hank immediately confronts and arrests Addison. The brothers arrive at the treehouse, now thinking Monroe is responsible for the dealer's death. While he tries to explain, Nick and Holly subdue the brothers. Nick takes Holly home to her mother, while Captain Renard (Sasha Roiz) makes an announcement to the media about her rescue. The episode ends as Holly identifies Addison from a line-up, while her eyes turn red. Reception Viewers The episode was viewed by 5.16 million people, earning a 1.5/5 in the 18-49 rating demographics on the Nielson ratings scale, marking a 5% decrease in viewership and ranking first in its timeslot and for the first time, ranking first for the night in the 18-49 demographics. This means that 1.5 percent of all households with televisions watched the episode, while 5 percent of all households watching television at that time watched it. Critical reviews \"Let Your Hair Down\" received positive reviews. Amy Ratcliffe of IGN gave the episode a \"great\" 8.0 out of 10 and wrote \"This episode shows that the supernatural can be blended in with a soft touch. Holly", "title": "Let Your Hair Down (Grimm)" }, { "docid": "58564334", "text": "Becca's Bunch is a British preschool television series featuring handmade puppet characters that premiered in the United Kingdom and Ireland on Nick Jr. on 2 July 2018 and ended on 13 December 2018. The series premiered in the United States on the Nick Jr. Channel on 24 September 2018. Characters Main Becca (voiced by Noa Fe Williams) is an optimistic bird who wears a red knit cap. She is the leader of her bunch and the protagonist of the series. Her musical instrument is a guitar. Russell (voiced by Dylan Martin Frankel) is an adventurous squirrel. His musical instrument is drums Pedro (voiced by Ben Stone Zelman) is a fearful bespectacled worm. His musical instrument is a tambourine. Sylvia (voiced by Susie Power) is a clever pink fox. She carries a shoulder bag containing objects which her friends would sometimes use in their adventures. Her musical instrument is a keyboard. Recurring Benny and Shelly (both voiced by Lisa Biggs) are Becca's baby brother and sister. They are still in their eggs, though their limbs are sticking out, and are able to walk. Moms (voiced by Amy Stephenson) is Becca's mother. She is sometimes see flying an airplane. Pops (voiced by Grant George) is Becca's father. Uncle Ned (voiced by William Gaminara) is Pedro's uncle. Ringo (voiced by Guy Harris) is a turtle who is a bus driver. Mayor Ladymaus (voiced by Amy Palant) a opossum is the mayor of Wagtail Woods. Barry (voiced by Daxx George) is a little bunny. Lola (voiced by Lisa Biggs) a rabbit who is Barry's mother. Casper and Jasper (both voiced by Jaden Pace) are the hare brothers, and are somewhat rivals of the bunch. Beatrice (voiced by Sabrina Glow) is a young badger, who is a friend of Casper and Jasper. Gill (voiced by Jason Shablik) is a big fish. Steven Se'Gull (voiced by Paul Tylak) is a seagull, he's the lifeguard of the beach. John Wolfenstein (voiced by Paul Tylak) is a gray wolf, who is a radio personality of Wagtail Woods. Mr. Nugget (voiced by Paul Tylak) is a chicken, who's John Wolfenstein's best friend and colleague. Unlike the other characters, he does not speak but just clucks. MJ (voiced by Joey Camen) is a big moose. Buck (voiced by Joey Camen) is a building beaver. Production and broadcast The series is a production of JAM Media. In June 2018, it was announced that Becca's Bunch would premiere in the United Kingdom and Ireland on Nick Jr. on 2 July 2018. On 19 September 2018, it was announced that the series will premiere in the United States on the Nick Jr. Channel on 24 September 2018. The series was also sold for broadcast on ABC Kids in Australia, KiKa in Germany, CBC Kids in Canada and France Télévisions. Becca's Bunch consists of 52 eleven-minute segments. Episodes Awards and nominations References External links on the Nick Jr. Channel 2010s British animated television series 2010s British children's television series 2018 British television series debuts", "title": "Becca's Bunch" }, { "docid": "57373590", "text": "Young Girl with a Flower Basket (French: Fillette à la corbeille fleurie or Jeune fille nue avec panier de fleurs or Fillette nue au panier de fleurs or Le panier fleuri) is a 1905 oil on canvas painting by Pablo Picasso from his Rose Period. The painting depicts a Parisian street girl, named \"Linda\", whose fate is unknown. It was painted at a key phase in Picasso's life, as he made the transition from an impoverished bohemian at the start of 1905 to a successful artist by the end of 1906. The painting is listed as one of the most expensive paintings, after achieving a price of $115 million when it was sold at Christie's on 8 May 2018. It is currently the fourth highest selling painting by Picasso. Background After achieving some early success in 1901, Picasso was still a struggling artist by 1905, living in penury in Montmartre. The work was painted at the new studio that he took on the top floor of the dilapidated building at 13 rue Ravignan, which the poet Max Jacob termed \"Le Bateau-Lavoir\". The Cirque Médrano was situated nearby at the foot of Montmartre, and Picasso was inspired by the harlequins and saltimbanques, clowns, jugglers and other acts, making the transition from his bleak Blue Period to his more optimistic Rose Period. Young Girl with a Flower Basket was created in the autumn of 1905, after Picasso returned to Paris from spending six weeks painting in the countryside in Holland. The experience of his Dutch trip was also coupled with a renewed Parisian interest in classical art, which had great influence on Picasso's work during that year. The art historian Alfred H. Barr, Jr. remarked on the influence of classicism on Picasso during this period.During the second half of the year [Picasso’s] work began to assume a classic breadth and repose. Such paintings…reveal the new style, more objective in feeling, more studied in pose, broadly and more solidly modeled, simpler in color. Picasso’s youthful classicism is informal, fresh, unacademic... During this brief moment in his youth he was able to hold in delicate, intuitive balance the human and the ideal, the personal and the traditional.Later in 1905, Henri-Pierre Roché introduced Picasso to the collectors Gertrude and Leo Stein and they became friends, buying Femme au bras levé (1905) direct from the artist. Picasso completed Portrait of Gertrude Stein in 1906. The acquisitions by the Steins were to mark the beginnings of Picassos commercial success, and by the end of 1906 his works were being bought by the influential art dealer Ambroise Vollard. Description The subject of the painting is a young girl who was working as a flower seller, but also probably as a teenage child prostitute. She is depicted naked, save for pink ribbons in her dark hair and a necklace, and she is holding a basket of red flowers, all painted with simplified lines and flattened blocks of colour. Her silhouette against the blue background appears awkward and her expression", "title": "Young Girl with a Flower Basket" }, { "docid": "42454900", "text": "is a Japanese multimedia project produced as a collaboration between ASCII Media Works' Dengeki Bunko imprint and video game company Sega. The project re-imagines various Sega video game consoles as anthropomorphized goddesses who appear all over modern Japan. The project has inspired a light novel series written by Tōru Shiwasu with illustrations by Kei, which was serialized in ASCII Media Works' Dengeki Bunko Magazine between 2013 and 2014, and an anime television series adaptation titled by TMS Entertainment, which aired in Japan between October and December 2014. A crossover video game with Idea Factory's Hyperdimension Neptunia franchise, Superdimension Neptune VS Sega Hard Girls, was released for the PlayStation Vita in Japan in November 2015, and in North America and Europe in October 2016. Premise The project focuses on various anthropomorphised Sega consoles, known as \"Sega Hard Girls\" or \"SeHa Girls\" for short, each with their own unique personalities. The anime series follows three such girls; Dreamcast, Sega Saturn, and Mega Drive, who must graduate from Sehagaga Academy, a special school located in Haneda, Tokyo, by venturing into the worlds of various Sega games and earning medals. Characters A pink-haired cheerful girl who wants to make friends with everyone and to excel in school. She wears a white and orange dress with a Dreamcast controller as her headgear, and can also access the internet using a dial-up modem. In European versions, she is modified to wearing a white/blue dress due to the differences in how the console was released in Europe in real life. A black-haired serious girl seeking to accomplish great things in life who is the object of several male Sega characters' affections. She wears a silver coat with black dress and a huge black ring hanging on her neck. A blonde-haired cool and genius girl who knows everything, holding a wealth of knowledge in her 16-bit encyclopedia. She wears black and pink attire, large eyeglasses, and has a Mega Drive controller as her hairclip. An upbeat girl who wears bunny ears and likes to perform magic tricks. A silver haired girl who has a Master System controller on her sleeve. She has a talent for music. A moody negative girl with multicolored hair. She tires easily and prefers to stay indoors, often leaving class early. A small sports enthusiast. She has a split personality that changes based on whether she's playing baseball or tennis. A blue-haired goddess who loves to talk. A proud warrior. A timid crybaby who carries a giant controller on her back. A white-haired goddess. A royal knight armed with sword and shield. Mega Drive's little sister. A sporty goddess who rides around on a hoverboard. A fairy-like goddess who likes to tease others. A self-obsessed American cowgirl. She prefers the nickname \"Genny\". An intelligent and graceful goddess. A teacher at Sehagaga Academy. He issues lessons to his students via a monitor and uses a pixelated rabbit, based on former Sega mascot Professor Asobin, as his avatar. His true identity is that of former Sega", "title": "Sega Hard Girls" }, { "docid": "14416529", "text": "is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by manga artist Masakazu Iwasaki. The manga began serialization in the monthly shōnen manga magazine Dengeki Comic Gao! on October 27, 2005, and is published by MediaWorks. The first episode of the anime adaptation was broadcast on October 4, 2008. Story Plot Ten years before the events of the manga take place, 6-year old Sanpeita Kobayashi got engaged to his childhood friend, a mysterious pink-haired girl who promised they would meet again 10 years later, and she would become his bride. She then fed him a mysterious seed. Ten years after that day, Sanpeita has started to have dreams about his first love more and more. One day after the same dream, he wakes up to see robots crashing into his room, who are then defeated by a small but powerful robotic weird-looking girl. The girl identifies herself as \"Kemeko\" and tells him that from this day forth she is his bride. Remembering the girl from 10 years ago, Sanpeita at first doesn't believe that Kemeko is his first love, seeing as they look nothing alike (plus she also being a robot). However, when it is revealed that Kemeko is in fact a suit of robotic armor, piloted by a pink-haired girl named M.M., who greatly resembles his first love. Sanpeita is thrown into confusion as he tries to deduce M.M.'s real identity, despite her claiming of not having ever met him before. M.M., in the guise of Kemeko, instills herself into Sanpeita's life, moving in with him, becoming a teacher at his school, and likewise following him everywhere, presumably to protect him from the robots Mishima Electronics who are constantly targeting him for a mysterious power that he supposedly holds... It is later revealed that M.M. stands for Mei Mishima, daughter of Souichiro Mishima, founder of Mishima Electronics. Ten years ago Mei, her father, and her twin sister Mai came to Earth in a spaceship. One day when her father was busy working Mei escaped from the spaceship to go sightseeing on Earth, only to get lost. Sanpeita and his friend, Izumi Makihara, then helped her get back home, and from there the three played together every day. One day, however, when Mei got lost inside the spaceship she discovered girls who looked exactly like her (and by extension her twin sister), asleep inside a row of test tubes. Mai then appeared, revealing that she had known about this and her father's projects, one of which included the \"Nano Ball\", a seed that when given time to germinate inside a host, was a source of limitless power. When their father arrives and warns them of the danger, Mai tells him that she has no intentions of stopping what he started, and that she plans to use the power of the Nano Ball to create a perfect world for her and her sister. Mai then hands the Nano Ball to Mei, despite their father's attempts to stop her, and Mei's memories, including", "title": "Kemeko Deluxe!" }, { "docid": "51508808", "text": "Rainbow Ruby (; ) is a CGI animated television series aimed at children, produced by 38 °C Animation Studio and CJ E&M Corporation in South Korea and China Entertainment Corporation (a subsidiary of China ACG Group, which is an enterprise directly under the PRC Government's Ministry of Culture) in China, and distributed by WildBrain. Plot At Ruby's house, a small event related to the main plot of each episode occurs, before a red jewelry on the chest of Choco, Ruby's Teddy bear, flashes with a melody. Ruby then takes Choco to her room, and the two 'transport' themselves to the Rainbow Village There, Ruby hears an explanation from Ling Ling, the mayor of Rainbow Village, and transforms herself using her Rainbow Roller into an appropriate clothing to solve problems. Each episode concludes, back home, with another small event. Characters Rainbow Ruby (voiced by Alyssya Swales) is a girl who can transform into various of jobs to help her toy friends with her Rainbow Roller. Often, she's simply called Ruby. Choco is Rainbow Ruby's teddy bear. Gina (voiced by Shannon Chan-Kent) is a wooden puppet pirate. Mayor Ling Ling (voiced by Johnny Yong Bosch), a stuffed elephant who's the mayor of Rainbow Village. Jessy (voiced by Kate Davis) is a baby doll who has peach/fair skin, red hair in pigtails with brown eyes, a pink nose, freckles, and rosy cheeks. She wears two yellow ribbons, a yellow tank top shirt with a white collar and a blue ribbon on her neck, a yellow diaper with white polka dots, and pink slippers. Princess Kiki (voiced by Olivia Charles) is a sweet young porcelain doll princess. Daisy is a pink-coloured reindeer plush toy. Prince Frederick is a porcelain doll and a friend of Princess Kiki. Ellie is a nature-loving stuffed sheep who sometimes glows. Thunderbell (voiced by Brian Drummond) is a stuffed bunny playing scooter. He serves as the town's mailman. Felicia (voiced by Olivia Charles) is a fairy doll. Paige (voiced by Kate Davis) is a stylish paper ballerina doll. Mr. Sloth (voiced by Johnny Yong Bosch) Chirpee The Harmony Family are a family of nesting dolls. There are 5 of them: a father, a mother, and 3 children. Poppies Miss Swan Dino is a green dinosaur toy. Nari is a lotus fairy doll. Episodes Season 1 The series is distributed as 52 single episodes and as 26 double feature episodes. The airings on Family Jr. in Canada are shown in the form of the latter. Season 2 The series is distributed as 26 single episodes. The airings on RTV in Indonesian are shown in the form of the latter. Release Rainbow Ruby was first showcased in the licensing market at MIPJunior 2015 in Cannes, France, as announced in September that year. At the market, the series was announced to be the first animated series to \"support girls' and women's education in partnership with UNESCO\". On March 12, 2016, at the 2016 Global Education Skills Forum held in United Arab Emirates, the", "title": "Rainbow Ruby" }, { "docid": "8345800", "text": "My Child dolls are a toy made by Mattel from 1985-1988. Most had felt \"skin\" on their heads although some had vinyl skin. The dolls are around 35cm in height, with petite features and poseable limbs. The sales slogan was that every child could have a doll just like them. These highly collectible dolls have a large international fan-base. History The first dolls were made in Taiwan. Their features differ slightly from those made later in China. A rounder face, smaller belly button and longer toes are just some of the differences. Taiwanese dolls are also known for eyes which protrude from their face and, as they age, are more prone to facial \"sagging\" and make-up fading (but are less prone to felt pilling) than those made in China. Between 1987 and 1988, Mattel brought out a vinyl faced doll called a \"Loving Baby\". These dolls had bodies made with the same soft fabric as a My Child, with similar skin-tones, posable legs and solid arm-joints and pink or blue torsos. A button on their back allowed them to hug. Their skin-tone was either pale or peachy, and they had red, brunette, ash-blond or blond hair. They came with one outfit, a two piece short and top set in either blue or pink. Description Dolls came as boys or girls, with four different skin tones: American pale (with a green heart on the bottom), Australian/European peach, African-American, and Hispanic. Canada also produced its own dolls (identified by having two tags, instead of the normal one). Eye color varies too. All African-American and Hispanic dolls had brown eyes (Hispanic dolls eyes have orange rays above their pupils). The other dolls had blue, aqua, green, or brown eyes. Occasionally a doll can be found with a factory 'flaw' and their eye color can vary from the standard, for example hazel, lilac, blue-gray, blue-green, and green. However, some people attribute this to aging rather than to a factory flaw. There is also a variety of hair colors. The African-American dolls have black hair; Hispanics have dark brown hair, and the others had platinum blonde, ash-blonde (two tone), brunette, red, and (in the last year of production) strawberry-blonde. Strawberry-blonde therefore being the rarest and most valuable, followed by red heads and brunettes. Upon production, red heads and brunettes were batched at a lower ratio to the ash-blondes and platinum blondes (making them the most common). Hair styles varied as well. African-American girls all came with 'curly pigtails' (two pigtails with a short fringe right around the head). The other girls had 'top-knots' (short hair with one small bunch on the side), 'double top-knots' (short hair with a small bunch on either side), 'curly pigtails' (similar to the African-American dolls). Only American dolls had these hair styles. Hispanic girls came with a v-part style (hair worn down, with little bunches on either side of the head, but with a difference being that they did not have a full fringe typical of other My Childs). Australian", "title": "My Child" }, { "docid": "58002411", "text": "\"Thunderclouds\" is a song by pop music supergroup LSD. It was released on August 9, 2018, by Columbia Records as the third single from LSD's eponymously named debut studio album, following \"Genius\" and \"Audio\". The song was written by Labrinth, Sia, Diplo, King Henry and Jr Blender, and produced by Labrinth, Diplo, and Jr Blender. \"Thunderclouds\" was used as the main theme song for the Samsung Galaxy Note 9 phablet promotional campaign, being featured extensively in parts in the company's ads, as well as at the reveal event in New York on August 9, 2018. Description Lyrically, the song describes trust issues developing and tearing apart a relationship. The hurtful words spewed by a partner are related to a housefire and the titular thunderclouds formed during a storm. The pre-chorus and chorus are sung by both Sia and Labrinth, whereas the verses alternate between them. Music video The official music video for the song, directed by Ernest Desumbila, was released on 30 August 2018. Billboards review called the video \"super trippy\" and described it as follows: \"The group travels across pink and purple skies inside a flying red car piloted by Diplo and housing a living Sia puppet. Labrinth flies on his own personal cloud - a very common theme taken from Chinese mythology - while a mysterious candy-haired girl, played by Maddie Ziegler, dances on top of the car with a Sia-inspired hair-do. The party encounters thunderstorms along the way. … With the power of love, the group eventually finds their way out of the storm and returns to the dazzling pink-clouded skies.\" Track listing Digital download \"Thunderclouds\" (Lost Frequencies Remix) – 3:18 Digital download \"Thunderclouds\" (MK Remix) – 3:34 Personnel Credits adapted from Tidal. Sia – vocals, lyricist, composer, production Diplo – production, programming, lyricist, composer Labrinth – production, engineering, programming, vocals, lyricist, composer King Henry – production, programming, lyricist, composer Jr Blender – programming, preparation, lyricist, composer Manny Marroquin – mix engineering Chris Galland – mix engineering Randy Merrill – master engineering Bart Schoudel – engineering Robin Florent – engineering assistance Scott Desmarais – engineering assistance Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts Certifications See also Diplo discography Labrinth discography List of top 10 singles in 2018 (France) Sia discography References 2018 singles 2018 songs Dance-pop songs Doo-wop songs Dub songs LSD (group) songs Psychedelic songs Song recordings produced by Diplo Song recordings produced by Labrinth Songs written by Diplo Songs written by Jr Blender Songs written by King Henry (producer) Songs written by Labrinth Songs written by Sia (musician) Soul songs Tropical songs", "title": "Thunderclouds (song)" }, { "docid": "54042866", "text": "is a Japanese anime by DongWoo A&E. It is the second animation adaption of the PriPara arcade game, as well as the sequel series to the PriPara TV series. It began airing from April 4, 2017 to March 27, 2018. It was followed by Kiratto Pri☆Chan on April 8, 2018. An upcoming mobile game, Idol Land PriPara is set to be released on August 17, 2023. Plot Yui Yumekawa is a sixth grader in Avocado Academy, who daydreams a lot and wishes to become an idol, despite her school forbidding PriPara for students. After receiving her PriTicket, she finds out a new PriPara is opening, and Laala Manaka, the Divine Idol from the previous series, is in town, she also is her roommate in Avocado Academy, having been sent there to continue her Divine Idol duties. However, Yui does not believe it, as a fold in Laala's PriTicket causes a system bug, leaving Laala unable to carry out PriPara change, and it is only after seeing Laala's idol form in the former's first performance in Paparajuku that Yui is finally convinced. The upcoming Idol Time Grand Prix is also announced, however, with a lack of visitors, both the competition and the Paparajuku PriPara would be shut down, and so would Laala's job as a Divine Idol. And so, it is up to Laala and Yui to keep a flow of visitors to Paparajuku PriPara, as many characters from the original series turn up to help. Characters Playable Characters MY☆DREAM Yui is a sixth grader in Class A at Avocado Academy. She has a habit of daydreaming a lot and carries around Cooky, a rice cooker, as she spaces out in-between meals. She has short blonde hair in partly pigtails with a light blue hair bow, while in PriPara, she is taller, her hair is longer, she gains a pink hair bow, her pigtails are straighter, and her eyes gain a star marking. A Lovely-type idol, her theme color is pastel pink and uses her self-created brand, Fantasy Time. Nino is a sixth grader in Class C at Avocado Academy. She is a girl full of passion and is skilled at sports. She has a tomboyish figure outside of PriPara, having short blue-green hair and green eyes. In PriPara, she becomes taller and her hair grows longer, also gaining a green ombré. A Pop-type idol, her theme color is neon green and her brand is Neon Drop. Michiru is a second-year student at Avocado Academy. She is usually a shy and quiet girl who is rather clumsy. She has gray hair styled into lower twintails, red-violet eyes, wears glasses and has freckles. In PriPara, her hair is set loose with some of it tied into braids. Her eyes gained black pupils as well. Her personality in PriPara changes into a more arrogant and confident person who refers to herself as someone possessed by the ghost princess \"Miichiru\" (ミーチル). A Cool-type idol, her theme color is dark purple and her brand is", "title": "Idol Time PriPara" }, { "docid": "5854737", "text": "The Marvin Redpost Series, is a series of eight children's books by the author Louis Sachar. The books first came out in 1992, when Sachar's daughter was four years old, which is why Marvin Redpost has a four-year-old sister. The books were re-released in early 2007 with a new cover and different illustrations. Books 1. Marvin Redpost: Kidnapped at Birth 2. Marvin Redpost: Why Pick on Me? 3. Marvin Redpost: Is He a Girl? 4. Marvin Redpost: Alone in His Teacher's House 5. Marvin Redpost: Class President 6. Marvin Redpost: A Flying, Birthday Cake? 7. Marvin Redpost: Super Fast, Out of Control! 8. Marvin Redpost: A Magic Crystal? Characters Marvin Redpost: A young boy and the eponymous character of the series. Marvin has red hair and freckles. He gets into adventures which ends up as bad to good. He lives in a family of 5 and often hits the 'red post' on his gate when he leaves or comes back home. Nick Tuffle: One of Marvin's best friends and classmates. Nick has long hair and wears a long shirt. He gets into fights with his other friend, Stuart, another friend of Marvin, resulting of a love-hate relationship. Regardless, he is loyal and funny. Stuart Albright: Another classmate of Marvin and one of his best friends. Stuart has curly hair and glasses. He also wears smart clothing, implying that he is the smartest out of the trio. He often gets into fights with Nick, with either one or the other likely to start it, and Marvin is likely to break it up. Casey Happleton: A classmate of Marvin. Casey is a girl who acts like a tomboy and can be mischievous, especially in class. She is more open to Marvin, besides the other boys in and out of school, which leads Marvin to be mocked as Casey being his 'girlfriend'. She has blonde hair, with one ponytail sticking out of the side rather than the back, which has some boys to find her 'weird'. Mrs. North: Marvin's school teacher. She is kind-hearted to the class. She leaves Marvin to take care of her dog when she goes on vacation, which shows she has more trust on him than other students. Clarence: A classmate of Marvin, and the school bully. Marvin becomes a victim when he claims Marvin was picking his nose in the book 'Why Pick on Me?', Leaving Marvin in torment. External links Louis Sachar's Website's Page on the Marvin Redpost Series Novels by Louis Sachar American children's novels Series of children's books", "title": "Marvin Redpost" } ]	[ "Stephanie" ]
train_21974	what are the names of the gemini twins	[ { "docid": "4415777", "text": "Gemini () ( , Latin for \"twins\") is the third astrological sign in the zodiac. Under the tropical zodiac, the sun transits this sign between about May 21 to June 21. Gemini is represented by the twins, Castor and Pollux, known as the Dioscuri in Greek mythology. It is known as a positive, mutable sign. Mythology In Babylonian astronomy, the stars Pollux and Castor were known as the Great Twins. Their names were Lugal-irra and Meslamta-ea, meaning \"The Mighty King\" and \"The One who has arisen from the Underworld\". Both names are titles of Nergal. Also could be referencing Zeus and Hades. In Greek mythology, Gemini is associated with the myth of Castor and Pollux, a pair of twins conceived by different fathers. Zeus, who seduced Leda and conceived Pollux while Tyndareus, the king of Sparta and Leda's husband, conceived Castor. When Castor died, because he was a mortal, Pollux begged his father Zeus to give Castor immortality, which was done through uniting them together in the heavens. In popular culture NASA named its two-person space capsule Project Gemini after the zodiac sign because the spacecraft could carry two astronauts. Google's next-generation AI model announced on December 6, 2023, is named Gemini. Gallery See also Astronomical symbols Chinese zodiac Circle of stars Cusp (astrology) Elements of the zodiac Gemini (language model) Digital twin Notes References Longitude of Sun, apparent geocentric ecliptic of date, interpolated to find time of crossing 0°, 30°.... External links Warburg Institute Iconographic Database (over 360 medieval and early modern images of Gemini) Western astrological signs Divine twins", "title": "Gemini (astrology)" }, { "docid": "21533375", "text": "Gemini is one of the constellations of the zodiac and is located in the northern celestial hemisphere. It was one of the 48 constellations described by the 2nd century AD astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations today. Its name is Latin for twins, and it is associated with the twins Castor and Pollux in Greek mythology. Its old astronomical symbol is (♊︎). Location Gemini lies between Taurus to the west and Cancer to the east, with Auriga and Lynx to the north, Monoceros and Canis Minor to the south, and Orion to the south-west. In classical antiquity, Cancer was the location of the Sun on the northern solstice (June 21). During the first century AD, axial precession shifted it into Gemini. In 1990, the location of the Sun at the northern solstice moved from Gemini into Taurus, where it will remain until the 27th century AD and then move into Aries. The Sun will move through Gemini from June 21 to July 20 through 2062. Gemini is prominent in the winter skies of the northern Hemisphere and is visible the entire night in December–January. The easiest way to locate the constellation is to find its two brightest stars Castor and Pollux eastward from the familiar V-shaped asterism (the open cluster Hyades) of Taurus and the three stars of Orion's Belt (Alnitak, Alnilam, and Mintaka). Another way is to mentally draw a line from the Pleiades star cluster located in Taurus and the brightest star in Leo, Regulus. In doing so, an imaginary line that is relatively close to the ecliptic is drawn, a line which intersects Gemini roughly at the midpoint of the constellation, just below Castor and Pollux. When the Moon moves through Gemini, its motion can easily be observed in a single night as it appears first west of Castor and Pollux, then aligns, and finally appears east of them. Features Stars The constellation contains 85 stars of naked eye visibility. The brightest star in Gemini is Pollux, and the second-brightest is Castor. Castor's Bayer designation as \"Alpha\" arose because Johann Bayer did not carefully distinguish which of the two was the brighter when he assigned his eponymous designations in 1603. Although the characters of myth are twins, the actual stars are physically very different from each other. α Gem (Castor) is a sextuple star system 52 light-years from Earth, which appears as a magnitude 1.6 blue-white star to the unaided eye. Two spectroscopic binaries are visible at magnitudes 1.9 and 3.0 with a period of 470 years. A wide-set red dwarf star is also a part of the system; this star is an Algol-type eclipsing binary star with a period of 19.5 hours; its minimum magnitude is 9.8 and its maximum magnitude is 9.3. β Gem (Pollux) is an orange-hued giant star of magnitude 1.14, 34 light-years from Earth. Pollux has an extrasolar planet revolving around it, as do two other stars in Gemini, HD 50554, and HD 59686. γ Gem (Alhena)", "title": "Gemini (constellation)" }, { "docid": "461219", "text": "The Gemini Awards were awards given by the Academy of Canadian Cinema & Television between 1986–2011 to recognize the achievements of Canada's English-language television industry. The Gemini Awards are analogous to the Emmy Awards given in the United States and the BAFTA Television Awards in the United Kingdom. First held in 1986 to replace the ACTRA Award, the ceremony celebrated Canadian television productions with awards in 87 categories, along with other special awards such as lifetime achievement awards. The Academy had previously presented the one-off Bijou Awards in 1981, inclusive of some television productions. The awards' name was an allusion to Castor and Pollux, a mythological pair of twins; this was in reference to Canada's linguistic duality of English and French, with the Academy's separate awards presentation for French-language television production named the Gémeaux Awards. The statuette, designed by Toronto artist Scott Thornley, evoked twins through a design that essentially created two faces at the front and back of the statuette. In April 2012, the Academy of Canadian Cinema & Television announced that the Gemini Awards and the Genie Awards would be discontinued and replaced by a new award ceremony dedicated to all forms of Canadian media, including television, film, and digital media, dubbed the \"Canadian Screen Awards\". The first annual Canadian Screen Awards were held on 4 March 2013. Award categories Special awards Academy Achievement Award - general lifetime honour, inaugurated in 1996 Donald Brittain Award - for the best political or social documentary Canada Award - began in 1988 as the Multiculturalism Award, this is award \"honours excellence in mainstream television programming that reflects the racial and cultural diversity of Canada.\" Margaret Collier Award - lifetime writing honour John Drainie Award - broadcasting, not necessarily awarded every year Humanitarian Award - inaugurated in 2001, recipients to date: (2001) Donald Martin (2002) Wendy Crewson (2003) Max Keeping (2004) George R. Robertson (2005) Royal Canadian Air Farce Gordon Sinclair Award for Broadcast Journalism - for television journalists who make outstanding contributions Dates and locations See also Canadian television awards References External links Official website (archived): 1986 establishments in Canada 2011 disestablishments in Canada Canadian television awards Awards established in 1986 Awards disestablished in 2011", "title": "Gemini Awards" }, { "docid": "62172368", "text": "Gemini Mountains is a rural locality in the Isaac Region, Queensland, Australia. At the , Gemini Mountains had a population of 65 people. Geography The Goonyella railway line forms most of the western boundary of the locality, with Mount McLaren railway station serving Graincorp's grain handling facility (). One of the four segments of the Peak Range National Park is in the south of the locality. The locality contains the following mountains: Fletchers Awl () Mount Castor () Mount Commissioner () Mount Mclaren () Mount Pollux () Mount Saddleback () Red Riding Hood () The land use is predominantly crop growing with some grazing on native vegetation. History The locality takes its name from the mountain range Gemini Mountains (), which consists of two volcanic peaks, Mount Castor and Mount Pollux. Castor and Pollux were the Gemini twins in Greek and Roman mythology. In the , Gemini Mountains had a population of 51 people. Education There are no schools in Gemini Mountains. The nearest government primary schools are: Moranbah State School in Moranbah to the north Dysart State School in neighbouring Dysart to the east Clermont State School in Clermont to the south Kilcummin State School in neighbouring Kilcummin to the west. The nearest government secondary schools are: Moranbah State High School in Moranbah to the north Dysart State High School in neighbouring Dysart to the east Clermont State High School in Clemont to the south References Isaac Region Localities in Queensland Castor and Pollux", "title": "Gemini Mountains, Queensland" }, { "docid": "359657", "text": "Pollux is the brightest star in the constellation of Gemini. It has the Bayer designation β Geminorum, which is Latinised to Beta Geminorum and abbreviated Beta Gem or β Gem. This is an orange-hued, evolved giant star located at a distance of 34 light-years, making it the closest giant to the Sun. Since 1943, the spectrum of this star has served as one of the stable anchor points by which other stars are classified. In 2006 an extrasolar planet (designated Pollux b or β Geminorum b, later named Thestias) was confirmed to be orbiting it. Nomenclature β Geminorum (Latinised to Beta Geminorum) is the star's Bayer designation. The traditional name Pollux refers to the twins Castor and Pollux in Greek and Roman mythology. In 2016, the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN) to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN's first bulletin of July 2016 included a table of the first two batches of names approved by the WGSN, which included Pollux for this star. Castor and Pollux are the two \"heavenly twin\" stars giving the constellation Gemini (Latin, 'the twins') its name. The stars, however, are quite different in detail. Castor is a complex sextuple system of hot, bluish-white type A stars and dim red dwarfs, while Pollux is a single, cooler yellow-orange giant. In Percy Shelley's 1818 poem Homer's Hymn to Castor and Pollux, the star is referred to as \"... mild Pollux, void of blame.\" Originally the planet was designated Pollux b. In July 2014 the International Astronomical Union launched NameExoWorlds, a process for giving proper names to certain exoplanets and their host stars. The process involved public nomination and voting for the new names. In December 2015, the IAU announced the winning name was Thestias for this planet. The winning name was based on that originally submitted by theSkyNet of Australia; namely Leda, Pollux's mother. At the request of the IAU, 'Thestias' (the patronym of Leda, a daughter of Thestius) was substituted. This was because 'Leda' was already attributed to an asteroid and to one of Jupiter's satellites. In the catalogue of stars in the Calendarium of al Achsasi al Mouakket, this star was designated Muekher al Dzira, which was translated into Latin as Posterior Brachii, meaning the end in the paw. In Chinese, (), meaning North River, refers to an asterism consisting of Pollux, ρ Geminorum, and Castor. Consequently, Pollux itself is known as (, .) Physical characteristics At an apparent visual magnitude of 1.14, Pollux is the brightest star in its constellation, even brighter than its neighbor Castor (α Geminorum). Pollux is 6.7 degrees north of the ecliptic, presently too far north to be occulted by the Moon. The last lunar occultation visible from Earth was on 30 September 116 BCE from high southern latitudes. Parallax measurements by the Hipparcos astrometry satellite place Pollux at a distance of about from the Sun. The star is larger than the Sun, with about two times its mass and almost", "title": "Pollux (star)" }, { "docid": "29553736", "text": "Gemini Nunatak () is a nunatak consisting of two almost ice-free peaks, high, which are connected by a narrow rock ridge, standing south of Borchgrevink Nunatak on Philippi Rise, on the east coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. It was charted by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) and photographed from the air by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition in 1947. It was named by the FIDS after the constellation Gemini, which contains the twin stars Castor and Pollux. References Nunataks of Graham Land Oscar II Coast", "title": "Gemini Nunatak" }, { "docid": "60790", "text": "Castor and Pollux (or Polydeuces) are twin half-brothers in Greek and Roman mythology, known together as the Dioscuri or Dioskouroi. Their mother was Leda, but they had different fathers; Castor was the mortal son of Tyndareus, the king of Sparta, while Pollux was the divine son of Zeus, who seduced (or raped) Leda in the guise of a swan. The pair are thus an example of heteropaternal superfecundation. Though accounts of their birth are varied, they are sometimes said to have been born from an egg, along with their twin sisters Helen of Troy and Clytemnestra. In Latin, the twins are also known as the Gemini (literally gender-neutral \"twins\") or Castores, as well as the Tyndaridae or Tyndarids. Pollux asked Zeus to let him share his own immortality with his twin to keep them together, and they were transformed into the constellation Gemini. The pair were regarded as the patrons of sailors, to whom they appeared as St. Elmo's fire. They were also associated with horsemanship, in keeping with their origin as the Indo-European horse twins. Birth There is much contradictory information regarding the parentage of the Dioscuri. In the Homeric Odyssey (11.298–304), they are the sons of Tyndareus alone, but they were sons of Zeus in the Hesiodic Catalogue (fr. 24 M–W). The conventional account (attested first in Pindar, Nemean 10) combined these paternities so that only Pollux was fathered by Zeus, while Leda and her husband Tyndareus conceived Castor. This explains why they were granted an alternate immortality. The figure of Tyndareus may have entered their tradition to explain their archaic name Tindaridai in Spartan inscriptions, or Tyndaridai in literature, in turn occasioning incompatible accounts of their parentage. Their other sisters were Timandra, Phoebe, and Philonoe. Castor and Pollux are sometimes both mortal, sometimes both divine. One consistent point is that if only one of them is immortal, it is Pollux. In Homer's Iliad, Helen looks down from the walls of Troy and wonders why she does not see her brothers among the Achaeans. The narrator remarks that they are both already dead and buried back in their homeland of Lacedaemon, thus suggesting that at least in some early traditions, both were mortal. Their death and shared immortality offered by Zeus was material of the lost Cypria in the Epic cycle. The Dioscuri were regarded as helpers of mankind and held to be patrons of travellers and of sailors in particular, who invoked them to seek favourable winds. Their role as horsemen and boxers also led to them being regarded as the patrons of athletes and athletic contests. They characteristically intervened at the moment of crisis, aiding those who honoured or trusted them. Classical sources Ancient Greek authors tell a number of versions of the story of Castor and Pollux. Homer portrays them initially as ordinary mortals, treating them as dead in the Iliad (\"... there are two commanders I do not see, / Castor the horse breaker and the boxer / Polydeuces, my brothers ...\" – Helen,", "title": "Castor and Pollux" }, { "docid": "9520026", "text": "The following events occurred in January 1962: January 1, 1962 (Monday) Western Samoa (now called Samoa) became independent from New Zealand. The two fautua (advisers), Malietoa Tanumafili II and Tupua Tamasese Mea'ole, were named as the two heads of state. The Beatles auditioned unsuccessfully for Decca Records with John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and, at that time, drummer Pete Best. The first song of 15 performed between 11:00 a.m. and noon was \"Like Dreamers Do\". The audition tape was officially released in 1982. Decca opted instead to sign the other group that auditioned that day -- Brian Poole and the Tremeloes. Both groups would have a hit recording of the song \"Twist and Shout\", with the Tremeloes hitting #1 in the UK and the Beatles #4 in the U.S. The Alabama Crimson Tide, ranked #1 in the AP and UPI polls and crowned as the unofficial national college football champion, defeated the #9 Arkansas Razorbacks in the Sugar Bowl, 10–3, in New Orleans. The People's Revolutionary Party was founded as a Marxist–Leninist political party in South Vietnam, with its leaders receiving instruction directly from the Lao Dong Party of North Vietnam. The Anglican Church of Australia became autocephalous, separate from the Church of England, and was headed by its own primate, the Archbishop of Brisbane, Sir Reginald Halse. The University of New Zealand was broken up into four universities (Otago, Canterbury, Auckland and Victoria University) and two agricultural colleges at Canterbury and Massey. The far-right National Fellowship Party was founded in the United Kingdom. Illinois became the first U.S. state to decriminalize homosexual activity. Died: Hans von Salmuth, 73, German World War II general later convicted of war crimes at Nuremberg Diego Martínez Barrio, 78, former President of the Second Spanish Republic (in 1936) January 2, 1962 (Tuesday) In his annual report to the NAACP, Executive Secretary Roy Wilkins praised U.S. President John F. Kennedy's \"personal role\" in advancing civil rights, but said that he was \"sorely disappointed\" by the President's failure to honor his promise to ban racial discrimination in federally assisted housing. Trevor Taylor won the 1962 Cape Grand Prix in South Africa, finishing 0.6 seconds ahead of Jim Clark. NBC launched its daytime panel game show, Your First Impression. Born: Iván Palazzese, Italian motorcycle racer; in Alba Adriatica (killed in accident, 1989) Died: Joseph Edward Woodall, 65, English recipient of the Victoria Cross January 3, 1962 (Wednesday) NASA's Mercury Mark II program was officially renamed \"Project Gemini\". The name for the second phase of the U.S. human spaceflight program, which would use a pair of astronauts in a spacecraft instead of one, had been suggested by Alex P. Nagy of NASA Headquarters based on the twin stars Castor and Pollux in the constellation Gemini, the Latin word for twins. Coincidentally, the astronomical symbol (II) for Gemini, the third constellation of the zodiac, corresponded neatly to the Mark II designation. A spokesman for Pope John XXIII revealed that Cuban leader Fidel Castro and several other officials had", "title": "January 1962" }, { "docid": "245159", "text": "Castor is the second-brightest object in the zodiac constellation of Gemini. It has the Bayer designation α Geminorum, which is Latinised to Alpha Geminorum and abbreviated Alpha Gem or α Gem. With an apparent visual magnitude of 1.58, it is one of the brightest stars in the night sky. Castor appears singular to the naked eye, but it is actually a sextuple star system organized into three binary pairs. Although it is the 'α' (alpha) member of the constellation, it is fainter than 'β' (beta) Geminorum, Pollux. Stellar system Hierarchy of orbits in the Castor system Castor is a multiple star system made up of six individual stars; there are three visual components, all of which are spectroscopic binaries. Appearing to the naked eye as a single star, Castor was first recorded as a double star in 1718 by James Pound, but it may have been resolved into at least two sources of light by Cassini as early as 1678. The separation between the binary systems Castor A and Castor B has increased from about 2″ (2 arcseconds of angular measurement) in 1970 to about 6″ in 2017. These pairs have magnitudes of 1.9 and 3.0, respectively. Castor Aa and Ba both have orbits of a few days with a much fainter companion. Castor C, or YY Geminorum, was discovered to vary in brightness with a regular period. It is an eclipsing binary with additional variations due to areas of different brightness on the surface of one or both stars, as well as irregular flares. The Castor C components orbit in less than a day. Castor C is believed to be in orbit around Castor AB, but with an extremely long period of several thousand years. It is 73″ distant from the bright components. The combined apparent magnitude of all six stars is +1.58. Physical properties Castor is 51 light-years away from Earth, determined from its large annual parallax. The two brightest stars are both A-type main-sequence stars, more massive and brighter than the Sun. The properties of their red dwarf companions are difficult to determine, but are both thought to have less than half the mass of the Sun. Castor B is an Am star, with particularly strong spectral lines of certain metals. Castor C is a variable star, classified as a BY Draconis type. BY Draconis variables are cool dwarf stars which vary as they rotate due to starspots or other variations in their photospheres. The two red dwarfs of Castor C are almost identical, with masses around and luminosities less than 10% of the Sun. All the red dwarfs in the Castor system have emissions lines in their spectra, and all are flare stars. Etymology and culture α Geminorum (Latinised to Alpha Geminorum) is the star system's Bayer designation. Castor and Pollux are the two \"heavenly twin\" stars that give the constellation Gemini (meaning twins in Latin) its name. The name Castor refers specifically to Castor, one of the twin sons of Zeus and Leda in Greek", "title": "Castor (star)" }, { "docid": "42844979", "text": "Mercuriceratops is an extinct genus of herbivorous chasmosaurine ceratopsid dinosaur known from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian stage) of Alberta, Canada and Montana, United States. It contains a single species, Mercuriceratops gemini. Discovery In 2007, Triebold Paleontology Inc found frill elements in Fergus County, Montana. In 2014, the type species Mercuriceratops gemini was named and described by Michael Ryan, David Evans, Philip John Currie and Mark Loewen. The generic name combines the name of the Roman god Mercury, a reference to the similarity of the neck shield to the winged helmet of the messenger of the gods, with ~ceratops, \"horn face\", a usual suffix in ceratopian names. The specific name is that of the constellation Gemini, named after the twins Castor and Pollux, in reference to the similar specimens the species is based on. The species is represented only by two squamosal bones collected from approximately time-equivalent sections of the upper Judith River Formation and the lower Dinosaur Park Formation. The holotype, ROM 64222, was found by Triebold, in layer of the Judith River Formation dating from the middle Campanian, about seventy-seven million years old. It consists of a partial right squamosal, possibly of a subadult individual. It was acquired by the Royal Ontario Museum. The second specimen, UALVP 54559, was referred. It too is a partial right squamosal but slightly larger and probably of an older individual. It was found by Susan Owen-Kagen, a preparator at the University of Alberta, at a distance of 380 kilometres from the holotype, in Alberta in the Dinosaur Provincial Park, on the north bank of the Red Deer River, one kilometre east of Happy Jack's Cabin, in a layer of the lower Dinosaur Park Formation, two metres above the Oldman Formation. Associated with UALVP 54559, remains of a brow horn core were discovered but these were not referred because the connection with the squamosal was considered too uncertain. Description Mercuriceratops was a medium-sized ceratopsian, reaching in length and in body mass. The holotype squamosal has a length of . Ryan et al. (2014) established a single autapomorphy, unique derived trait, of Mercuriceratops. The squamosal possesses a rear branch that is narrowed and rod-shaped instead of being blunt, triangular and tapering, the normal chasmosaurine form, or broadly rounded as with Triceratops. The narrowing is caused by an indentation of the outer rim of the squamosal. The squamosal carries at least six, and perhaps as many as eight, episquamosals, osteoderms on the frill rim. Based on the narrow form of the squamosal, it was deduced that the inner shield bones, the parietals, were very wide and pierced by enormous parietal fenestrae. Mercuriceratops was placed in the Chasmosaurinae. It is the oldest chasmosaurine known from Canada, and the first pre-Maastrichtian ceratopsid to have been collected on both sides of the Canada–US border. Though the profile of the Mercuriceratops squamosal suggests it was a transitional form between older rectangular squamosals of centrosaurine shape and later triangular squamosals, the describers rejected this hypothesis because juvenile centrosaurines do not show", "title": "Mercuriceratops" }, { "docid": "24346866", "text": "Castor and Pollux may refer to: Castor and Pollux, in Greek and Roman mythology, the twin sons of Lēda and Zeus/Tyndareus, who were transformed into the constellation Gemini Castor and Pollux, two stars in the constellation Gemini Castor and Pollux (elephants), two elephants kept at the zoo of the Jardin d'Acclimatation or Jardin des Plantes in Paris Castor and Pollux (Prado), an ancient Roman sculptural group Castor et Pollux, an opera by Jean-Philippe Rameau Castor and Pollux River, in Nunavut, Canada Castor and Pollux, a composition by Harry Partch Temple of Castor and Pollux, in the Roman Forum, Rome Castor (Zwillinge) and Pollux (Zwillinge), twin mountain peaks in the Pennine Alps on the Italian/Swiss border Castor and Pollux, two summits in Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming, USA Castor and Pollux (269 tons) was a British ship built at Teignmouth in 1790 Castor and Pollux Troy, characters in the 1997 film Face/Off Castor & Pollux Natural Petworks, an American company founded in 1999 that manufactures organic and natural foods for cats and dogs See also Castor (disambiguation) Pollux (disambiguation)", "title": "Castor and Pollux (disambiguation)" }, { "docid": "73903594", "text": "The heavenly twins are Castor and Pollux, stars of the constellation Gemini. Heavenly twins can also refer to: Heavenly Twins (Sumner and Cunliffe), two British diplomats Heavenly Twins (Montana), a two-summit mountain The Heavenly Twins, an 1893 novel by Sarah Grand", "title": "Heavenly twins (disambiguation)" }, { "docid": "9454062", "text": "Castor () is a mountain in the Pennine Alps on the border between Valais, Switzerland and the Aosta Valley in Italy. It is the higher of a pair of twin peaks (), the other being Pollux, named after the Gemini twins of Roman mythology. Castor's peak is at an elevation of , and it lies between Breithorn and the Monte Rosa. It is separated from Pollux by a pass at , named Passo di Verra in Italian and Zwillingsjoch in German. Ascents are usually made from the alpine hut Capanna Quintino Sella on the Italian side, by means of the Felikjoch and the long and narrow southeast ridge. From the Swiss side, ascents start from Klein Matterhorn and go by way of the Italian glacier Grand Glacier of Verra and the mountain's west flank. The first ascent was made on August 23, 1861. Image gallery See also List of 4000 metre peaks of the Alps References External links Castor on Summitpost Alpine four-thousanders Mountains of the Alps Mountains of Italy Mountains of Switzerland Pennine Alps Italy–Switzerland border International mountains of Europe Mountains of Valais Four-thousanders of Switzerland Castor and Pollux", "title": "Castor (mountain)" }, { "docid": "19335765", "text": "Locus Castorum was an ancient village of the Roman Empire era located in northern Italy approximately from Cremona, and midway between Cremona and Bedriacum. Its name derives from the Gemini twins, of Castor and Pollux. It was the site of the Battle of Locus Castorum. References Roman towns and cities in Italy Castor and Pollux", "title": "Locus Castorum" }, { "docid": "10571468", "text": "Pollux () is a mountain in the Pennine Alps on the border between Valais, Switzerland and the Aosta Valley in Italy. It is the lower of a pair of twin peaks (), the other being Castor, named after the Gemini twins of Roman mythology. Pollux' peak is at an elevation of . It is separated from Castor by a pass at , named Passo di Verra in Italian, Col de Verra in French and Zwillingsjoch in German. The first ascent was by Jules Jacot from Geneva with guides Josef-Marie Perren and Peter Taugwalder (father) on August 1 (the Swiss national day) 1864. Their route was via the Schwarztor, a pass first crossed by John Ball and Gabriel Zumtaugwald in 1845. The impressive north ridge was first climbed by Captain John Percy Farrar (a future President of the Alpine Club) and Wylie Lloyd with guide Josef Pollinger of St. Niklaus in the canton Valais on 18 August 1893. Ascents are usually made from the Refuge Ottorino Mezzalama (3,036 m), the Monte Rosa hut (2,795 m); if traversing the peaks via Pollux's north ridge, PD+, the Refuge Quintino Sella au Félik (3,585 m), and the Rossi-Volante bivouac hut (3,850 m). The first winter and ski ascent of Pollux was by Dr Alfred von Martin and Karl Planck on 7 March 1913. See also List of 4000 metre peaks of the Alps References Collomb, Robin G., (ed.), Pennine Alps Central, London: Alpine Club, 1975 Dumler, Helmut and Willi P. Burkhardt, The High Mountains of the Alps, London: Diadem, 1994. (Dumler gives Pollux's elevation as 4,091 m.) External links Pollux on SummitPost Photo essay on climbing and skiing Pollux in April 2008 Alpine four-thousanders Mountains of the Alps Mountains of Italy Mountains of Valais Pennine Alps Italy–Switzerland border International mountains of Europe Mountains of Switzerland Four-thousanders of Switzerland Castor and Pollux", "title": "Pollux (mountain)" }, { "docid": "501611", "text": "Twins appear in the mythologies of many cultures around the world. In some cultures they are seen as ominous, and in others they are seen as auspicious. Twins in mythology are often cast as two halves of the same whole, sharing a bond deeper than that of ordinary siblings, or seen as fierce rivals. They can be seen as representations of a dualistic worldview. They can represent another aspect of the self, a doppelgänger, or a shadow. Twins are often depicted with special powers. This applies to both mortal and immortal sets of twins, and often is related to power over the weather. Twins in mythology also often share deep bonds. In Greek mythology, Castor and Pollux share a bond so strong that when mortal Castor dies, Pollux gives up half of his immortality to be with his brother. Castor and Pollux are the Dioscuri twin brothers. Their mother is Leda, a being who was seduced by Zeus who had taken the form of a swan. Even though the brothers are twins, they have two different fathers. This phenomenon is a very common interpretation of twin births across different mythological cultures. Castor's father is Tyndareus, the king of Sparta (hence the mortal form). Pollux is the son of Zeus (demigod). This brothers were said to be born from an egg along with either sister Helen and Clytemnestra. This etymologically explains why their constellation, the Dioskouroi or Gemini, is only seen during one half of the year, as the twins split their time between the underworld and Mount Olympus. In an aboriginal tale, the same constellation represents the twin lizards who created the plants and animals and saved women from evil spirits. Another example of this strong bond shared between twins is the Ibeji twins from African mythology. Ibeji twins are viewed as one soul shared between two bodies. If one of the twins dies, the parents then create a doll that portrays the body of the deceased child, so the soul of the deceased can remain intact for the living twin. Without the creation of the doll, the living twin is almost destined for death because it is believed to be missing half of its soul. Twins in mythology are often associated with healing. They are also often gifted with the ability of divination or insight into the future. Divine twins in twin mythology are identical to either one or both place of a god. The Feri gods are not separated entities but are unified into one center. These divine twins can function alone in one body, either functioning as a male or as male and female as they desire. Divine twins represent a polarity in the world. This polarity may be great or small and at times can be opposition. Twins are often seen to be rivals or adversaries. By culture Africa Egyptian Nut and Geb, Dualistic twins. God of Earth (Geb) and Goddess of the sky (Nut) Osiris - Isis’ twin and husband. Lord of the underworld. First", "title": "Twins in mythology" }, { "docid": "56203", "text": "Castor most commonly refers to: Castor (star), a star in the Gemini constellation Castor, one of the Dioscuri/Gemini twins Castor and Pollux in Greco-Roman mythology Castor or CASTOR may also refer to: Science and technology Castor (rocket stage), a family of solid-fuel rocket stages Castor (software), data binding framework for Java CASTOR (nuclear waste), cask for storage and transport of radioactive material CASTOR experiment, \"Centauro and Strange Object Research\" at CERN CASTOR (spacecraft), proposed space telescope Castor sugar, fine sugar Caster (or Castor), an undriven wheel Caster (or Castor) angle, relevant to a steered wheel Biology Castor oil plant, plant from which castor bean grows Castor oil, oil of the castor bean Castor wax, produced from castor oil Castor, a genus name of the beaver Castoreum, natural scent derived from the beaver People Given name Ancient Castor of Rhodes, Greek grammarian and rhetorician Drusus the Younger (13 BC – 23 CE), Roman consul, son of the Emperor Tiberius, nicknamed \"Castor\" Antonius Castor, ancient botanist Saint Castor, the name of several Christian saints Castor of Apt (died c. 420), French bishop of Apt Castor of Karden (died c. 400), German priest and hermit Modern Castor Cantero (1918–?), Paraguayan football player Castor McCord (1907–1963), American jazz saxophonist Castor (footballer) (born 1979), Edmilson Ferreira, Brazilian footballer Surname Betty Castor (born 1941), American educator and politician Brian Castor (1889–1979), English cricketer Bruce Castor (born 1961), American lawyer and politician George A. Castor (1855–1906), American politician Helen Castor (born 1968), English historian Jean-Victor Castor (born 1962), French politician Jimmy Castor (1940–2012), American musician Kathy Castor (born 1966), American politician Stacey Castor (1968–2016), American murderer Steve Castor (born 1972/1973), American lawyer Fiction Castor Oyl, fictional character in the Popeye cartoons Castor Troy, fictional character in the 1997 movie Face/Off, portrayed by Nicolas Cage and John Travolta Castor, fictional character in the video game Spartan: Total Warrior Lord Castor, fictional character in the 2007 movie The Harpy Castor, fictional character in Tron: Legacy, portrayed by Michael Sheen \"Castor, Gobernador\" fictional character in The Courts of the Morning by John Buchan \"Castor Wilds\" fictional location in The Legend of Zelda: The Minish Cap by Nintendo \"Castor\", fictional persona in the video game Persona 3. Castor is used by one of the playable characters, Shinjiro Aragaki Places Castor, Alberta, Canada Queue de Castor River, Eeyou Istchee Baie-James, Jamésie, Nord-du-Québec, Canada Rivière aux Castors Noirs, river in Quebec, Canada Castor River (Ontario), Ontario, Canada Castor, Louisiana, Louisiana, United States Castor Creek, Louisiana, United States Castor River (Missouri), United-States Castor (mountain), in the Pennine Alps on the border between Switzerland and Italy Castor Bay, Auckland, New Zealand Castor, Cambridgeshire, England Castor Temple, a summit in the Grand Canyon, United States Castor, an old name for Caistor St. Edmund, Norfolk, England Castor (crater) on Saturn's small moon Janus Other uses Castor (band), American rock band Castor (cloth), a woollen fabric Castor (trucks), a brand used by Swedish truck manufacturers Tidaholm in the 1910s Castor Cracking Group, Swedish music group , the name", "title": "Castor" } ]	[ { "docid": "2306450", "text": "The VDL DB250 (originally the DAF DB250) was a twin-axle double-decker bus chassis manufactured by VDL Bus & Coach. DB250 The DAF DB250 was launched in October 1991 and originally only available with Optare Spectra bodywork with 260 built, mainly for operators in the United Kingdom. 25 DAF DB250s with Optare Spectra bodywork were delivered to London Buses in 1992, with all but one delivered to the London Central subsidiary with a single door arrangement; Metroline received a single dual door example for evaluating replacements for MCW Metrobuses on route 16. Capital Logistics also received a delayed order of six dual door Spectras in 1999 for their operation of route 60. 31 left-hand drive examples were exported to Turkey in 1994, with 26 being delivered to IETT in Istanbul and the remaining five being delivered to İzulaş in İzmir. The DAF DB250 later became available with Northern Counties Palatine II bodywork in 1994. Cowie London purchased 13 Palatine IIs on the DB250 chassis, while Harris Bus would also acquire fleets of DB250s. DB250LF The DB250LF, the low-floor version of the DB250, was the first low-floor double-decker bus chassis available in the United Kingdom. The DB250LF is readily identified by the centrally-exiting exhaust at the rear, which can cause problems with extreme changes of slope. A revised version of DB250LF was launched in 2004 as the DB250+. The design has received a number of modifications, one of which is the use of independent front suspension. The first DB250LFs received Optare Spectra body, which was sold exclusively on the DB250. The first low-floor variant entered service on 4 February 1998 with Abus of Bristol, narrowly beating a Travel West Midlands DB250LF to operate the first low floor double-decker bus service in the UK. Travel West Midlands would later go on to order 20 more Spectras in 1999. Additional operators of the DB250LF with Optare Spectra bodywork included Reading Buses, who purchased 26, and Wilts & Dorset, who purchased 78. Later DB250 chassis were fitted with Alexander ALX400, Plaxton President, East Lancs Myllennium Lowlander and Wright Pulsar Gemini bodies. The development of a Wright alternative arose because Arriva wished to buy both the Wright body and DB250 chassis. Unable to do so, it instead purchased over 100 Wright Eclipse Gemini bodied Volvo B7TLs. Wright subsequently developed the Pulsar Gemini in 2003 in order to win more orders from Arriva. Arriva London purchased and acquired 632 DB250s between 1998 and 2005 with Alexander ALX400 (389), Plaxton President (110) and Wright Pulsar Gemini (133) bodywork. Arriva Midlands and Arriva Yorkshire also purchased examples. The DB250LF chassis was also adopted by Wrightbus for the development of its hybrid-powered double-decker bus, the Wright Pulsar Gemini HEV. Production of the DB250 ended in 2006, although examples continued entering service until 2008. Its successor, the Wright Gemini 2 integral double decker with VDL chassis modules, was launched in November 2008. References External links Double-decker buses Low-floor buses DB250 Vehicles introduced in 1991", "title": "VDL DB250" }, { "docid": "1755952", "text": "The Lovers (VI) is the sixth trump or Major Arcana card in most traditional Tarot decks. It is used in game playing as well as in divination. Interpretation According to A.E. Waite's 1910 book Pictorial Key to the Tarot, the Lovers card carries several divinatory associations: 6. THE LOVERS.—Attraction, love, beauty, trials overcome. Reversed: Failure, foolish designs. Another account speaks of marriage frustrated and contrarieties of all kinds. In some traditions, the Lovers represent relationships and choices. Its appearance in a spread indicates some decision about an existing relationship, a temptation of the heart, or a choice of potential partners. Often an aspect of the Querent's life will have to be sacrificed; a bachelor(ette)'s lifestyle may be sacrificed and a relationship gained (or vice versa), or one potential partner may be chosen while another is turned down. Whatever the choice, it should not be made lightly, as the ramifications will be lasting. The Lovers is associated with the star sign Gemini, and indeed is also known as The Twins in some decks. Other associations are with Air, Mercury, and the Hebrew letter ז (Zayin). In the Rider Waite deck, the imagery for this card is changed significantly from the traditional depiction. Instead of a couple receiving a blessing from a noble or cleric, the Rider–Waite deck depicts Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden. By reducing the number of human beings depicted in the card from three to two, Waite was able to reinforce its correspondence with Gemini. The Rider–Waite card also includes the Tree of the knowledge of good and evil with a serpent wrapped around its trunk. The symbolism of no return from making bad decisions, and the consequences of innocence lost, would be more widely understood from this imagery. In popular culture In the 1973 film Live and Let Die (film), the character Solitaire repeatedly finds this card (card deck designed by Fergus Hall) and interprets that she is destined to be in love with James Bond. JoJo's Bizarre Adventure: Stardust Crusaders uses Tarot cards to name character's Stands. One of the Stand's name is Steely Dan's The Lovers, which is named after The Lovers card. The Persona series includes various characters represented by tarot cards. In Persona 5 The Lovers card belongs to Ann Takamaki, a member of the main cast. References External links The symbolism of The Lovers - how to interpret this card Major Arcana Love", "title": "The Lovers" }, { "docid": "70268255", "text": "The Laverda 200 Bicilindrico (200 Twin) is a air cooled ohv 4 stroke parallel twin motorcycle produced by the Italian manufacturer Laverda from 1962 to 1976. It was the company's first twin machine and the time of introduction it was Laverda's largest displacement model. Around 4,500 machines were produced, 2,000 of which were sold on the home market. Most of the remainder were exported to the UK and US as the 200 Gemini. The 14 year production run made it one of Laverda's longest running models. History Laverda manufactured lightweight singles during the 1950s, their 75/100 cc model being one of the most commercially successful Italian motorcycles of the times with 38,000 sold. At the end of the 1950s legislation was introduced in Italy to prohibit motorcycles under 150 cc on motorway and Laverda started to loose ground to Gilera and Morini. In response, Laverda designed a scooter and the 200 twin. Francesco Laverda had an admiration with Triumph motorcycles. This was reflected in the twin cylinder design, single downtube front part of the frame and rear bodywork reminiscent of Triumph's 'bathtub' 3TA and 5TA models. Most European motorcycles has the gearchange on the right, but with a view to the American market the gearchange was placed in the left on the Bicilindrico. Intended as 'everyday' transport, the twin was first shown at the 1961 Milan Motorcycle Show and production started in 1962. The machine was available finished in light green, sky blue or orange. A prototype of a sports version was produced in 1964 but this was never put into production. It was fitted with an all tubular frame and twin carburettors. It produced and was claimed to be capable of . Production continued until 1976 and several variants were produced, including one for the Italian Municipal Police. Technical details Engine and transmission The ohv twin was of unit construction. Lubrication was wet sump and oil was circulated by a plunger type oil pump that ran off the rear of the crankshaft. Ignition was initially by flywheel-magneto but later changed to coil and points with power supply from an alternator. Fuel was supplied by a Dell'Orto carburettor. Gears took power to the single plate wet clutch and 4 speed gearbox. Final drive was by chain. Cycle parts The frame consisted of a tubular front part and pressed steel rear section. The engine was rubber-mounted to reduce vibrations. Front suspension was by forks and at the rear a swinging arm with twin shock absorbers. drum brakes were fitted front and rear. References 200 Bicilindrico Motorcycles introduced in 1962 Standard motorcycles Motorcycles powered by straight-twin engines", "title": "Laverda 200 Bicilindrico" }, { "docid": "2591745", "text": "Gemini is the eighth studio album by American singer Brian McKnight. It was released by Motown Records on February 8, 2005 in the United States. The album's title is a reference to the singer's astrological sign, Gemini. Upon release, Gemini received mixed reviews from music critics. However, the album debuted at number 4 on the Billboard 200 album chart, becoming McKnight's highest-charting album to date. Gemini was preceded by two singles: \"Everytime You Go Away\" and \"What We Do Here\". Both songs charted in the Top 40 of Billboards Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, with the latter staying there for two weeks. Gemini marked McKnight's last album on Motown Records. Composition \"Everytime You Go Away\" is a smooth ballad that has his signature quiet storm sound. Critical reception In his review for Allmusic, David Jeffries wrote: \"Bring your lover and your playful side because Gemini is an aptly named loose and free bedroom winner from Brian McKnight [...] That's where the concessions to music of the moment stop, and while they're not at all unnecessary, the album really succeeds when McKnight wears all his singer, composer, musician, and producer hats at once and brews up something between Prince's self-titled release and a Sweetback album.\" Chris Rizik from SoulTracks found that \"Gemini is a fairly typical McKnight album that his many (primarily female) fans will adore. As with his other CDs, there are a handful of excellent, well performed numbers [...] However, the lyrical mixed messages and groupie pandering leave me cold and prevent the album from reaching the level warranted by its solid musical foundation.\" Sal Cinquemani from Slant felt that Gemini, the singer’s seventh album, begins on a high note, the intro showcasing McKnight’s old school Motown harmonies, but the rest of the disc resurrects previous trends, matching the singer’s aural NyQuil (his trademark honey-dipped vocals) with the mildest of R&B formulas and hooks that barely register.\" PopMatters critics Jalylah Burrell wrote that \"with Gemini, McKnight manages to escape the lure of his trend-conscious alter ego, another of the 30-plus entertainers who feel a need to justify their presence in a youth-obsessed market. Instead the album witnesses the musician just playing his fated position. Not all-star caliber but well enough for his faithful fans.\" People called Gemini \"another dependable effort, [that] shows that McKnight is clearly not in the same league as Prince, Marvin or Luther. And now the veteran singer is also being passed by such youngbloods as Van Hunt and John Legend. Even so, his sophisticated soul can still be as smooth as satin sheets.\" Chart performance Gemini debuted and peaked at number four on the US Billboard 200 in the week of February 26, 2005, selling 103,000 units in its first week of release. Track listing Samples \"Grown Man Business\" samples from \"Can't Knock the Hustle\" by Jay-Z and \"Much Too Much\" by Marcus Miller. \"Here with You\" samples from \"Love You Inside Out\" by Bee Gees. Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts References External links 2005 albums", "title": "Gemini (Brian McKnight album)" }, { "docid": "16251924", "text": "Four ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Castor. Named after one of the Gemini twins in Greek mythology. Castor also means \"he who excels\". was a 36-gun fifth rate that captured from the Dutch in 1781. One month later the French Frippone captured Castor off Cadiz. was a 32-gun fifth rate launched in 1785. She was briefly in French hands in 1794, but was recaptured. She was sold in 1819. was a 36-gun fifth rate launched in 1832. In 1860 she became a training ship, and was sold for breaking up in 1902. was a light cruiser launched in 1915. She was sold in 1936. References Royal Navy ship names", "title": "HMS Castor" }, { "docid": "5851860", "text": "Gemini (also known as Sōseiji; , \"Twins\") is a 1999 horror film by Shinya Tsukamoto, loosely based on an Edogawa Ranpo story, which pursues his theme of the brutally physical and animalistic side of human beings rearing its ugly head underneath a civilized veneer, present in previous films like Tetsuo: The Iron Man (1989) and Tokyo Fist (1995), in what is a new territory for Tsukamoto—a story set in the late Meiji era (1868–1912) with no stop-motion photography and no industrial setting. Plot Tokyo. 1910. Dr. Daitokuji Yukio (Masahiro Motoki), a former military doctor who has taken over a successful practice from his father and treats plague victims, is living a charmed life: he is a respected young doctor with a successful practice and Rin (Ryo), a beautiful wife. His only problem is that she suffers from amnesia, and her past is unknown. However, things begin to fall apart. Both his parents die suddenly, killed by a mysterious stranger who looks just like him. His relationship with his wife worsens after he chooses to cure the mayor instead of destitute denizens of nearby ghettos. While isolated from his relatives, he one day faces the mysterious stranger who turns out to be his long-lost rejected twin, Sutekichi (again Motoki). Bent on revenge, Sutekichi throws him into the garden's well and takes over his life and his wife. The final conflict between the two brothers is realized when Yukio, forced into an animalistic existence in the well, reemerges, prompting the fratricidal fight for the love of the same woman, since it turns out (while he takes over Yukio's role) that Rin had actually once been Sutekichi's lover. Cast Masahiro Motoki – Yukio Daitokuji / Sutekichi Ryo – Rin Yasutaka Tsutsui – Yukio's father Shiho Fujimura – Yukio's mother Akaji Maro – Kakubê Masako Motai – Shige Renji Ishibashi – Beggar monk Tomorowo Taguchi – Middle-aged patient Tadanobu Asano – Revenger with sword Naoto Takenaka – Rich man Documentary A behind-the-scenes documentary about the making of Gemini was produced and directed by Takashi Miike. The documentary, titled Tsukamoto Shinya ga Ranpo suru, is 17 minutes long. Release Gemini received its official world premiere at the Venice Film Festival in 1999. It was released a few days later in Japan on September 15, 1999 where it was distributed by Toho. It was shown in the United States on November 5, 2000 at the Hawaii Film Festival. It has also received a rerelease by Third Window Films on Blu-ray in 2020. Reception Variety gave the film a generally favourable review, stating that \"this strikingly designed thriller is gripping despite a certain heavy-handedness and the director's customarily chaotic narrative approach.\" The Globe and Mail referred to Gemini as the \"Pick of the Day\" from its presentation at the Toronto International Film Festival, describing the film as \"disconcerting, opaque, energetic, tedious, fascinating and flat-out insane in roughly equal measure\" A review in the French film magazine Positif stated that Gemini had an awkward style that would leave", "title": "Gemini (1999 film)" }, { "docid": "6319632", "text": "Second Noah is a television drama that was broadcast in the United States on ABC television from February 5, 1996, to June 8, 1997. Premise The series stars Daniel Hugh Kelly as Noah Beckett, whose wife Jesse (Betsy Brantley) is a veterinarian at Busch Gardens in Florida. Noah is a former basketball coach who is now a writer working on a second book, to be titled The Ark, after his first effort has sold over 2,000,000 copies. Noah and Jesse have a tendency to take in both stray animals and stray children, having adopted eight. The iguana star in the series and on the cover of the book is Peepers Saccardo. After Peeper's death, he is forever immortalized by taxidermy and sits proudly in front of the owner's fireplace. Cast Daniel Hugh Kelly as Noah Beckett Betsy Brantley as Jesse Beckett, Noah's wife James Marsden as Ricky Beckett, Noah & Jesse's adoptive son Rudee Lipscomb (pilot) & Zelda Harris as Bethany Beckett, Noah & Jesse's adoptive daughter Ashley Gorrell as Hannah Beckett, Noah & Jesse's adoptive daughter Jon Torgerson as Ranny Beckett, Noah & Jesse's adoptive son and Danny's identical twin brother Jeremy Torgerson as Danny Beckett, Noah & Jesse's adoptive son and Ranny's identical twin brother Gemini Barnett as Ben Beckett, Noah & Jesse's adoptive son Sean Naegeli (pilot) & Jeffrey Licon as Luis Beckett, Noah & Jesse's adoptive son Justina Machado (pilot) & Erika Page as Roxanna Beckett, Noah & Jesse's adoptive daughter Deirdre O'Connell as Shirley Crockmeyer Michael McLafferty as JoJo Crockmeyer, Shirley's son (Season 2) Episodes Season 1: 1996 Season 2: 1996–97 Characters Their oldest adopted child was Ricky (James Marsden). He had fathered a child, Ben (Gemini Barnett), when he was fourteen with his girlfriend Kaylie. Noah and Jesse adopted Ben. Kaylie, daughter of a wealthy family, left town during her pregnancy and did not return until after Ben's birth; Kaylie's own father is not aware that she has ever been pregnant or had a child. Ricky and Kaylie were not together for most of the series. Instead, Ricky was with Darby, played by Joey Lauren Adams. The series pilot tells the story of how the Becketts came to adopt children #7 and 8, Roxanna and Luis. Starting with the first non-pilot episode of the show, Roxanna and Luis are played by different actors, Erika Page and Jeffrey Licon respectively. Roxanna is not immediately accepted at her new high school; she and Ricky develop a friendship as he tries to stand up for her. Luis is a chronic liar who tells everyone that Julio Iglesias is his father. Ranny and Danny, played by Jon and Jeremy Torgerson, are twins a little younger than Ricky and Roxanna. They have also been adopted by the Becketts for the longest. Ranny is more of a \"bad boy\" who searches for his birth parents while Danny is quieter and shy. Bethany (Zelda Harris - although RuDee Sade played the role of Bethany in the pilot episode) and Hannah (Ashley", "title": "Second Noah" }, { "docid": "4008001", "text": "My Life as a Dog is a contemporary, half-hour Canadian drama series that ran for 22 episodes from September 8, 1996 until February 2, 1997. It was based on the 1985 Swedish movie of the same name and was developed for Canadian television by, among others, Reidar Jönsson, author of the original autobiographical book. It is the coming of age story of a young boy, brutally dragged away from his familiar universe into an unknown world. Though aimed at teens, it has been rated above the usual \"infantile sitcoms\". The series was shot on location in Winnipeg and Gimli, Manitoba. It was directed by Neill Fearnley and produced by Atlantis Films Limited and Credo Entertainment Group. Plot After his mother's death and with his sailor father away at sea, imaginative 11-year-old Eric Johansson is sent to live in a small fishing village with his mother's twin brother, Johnny Johansson. Eric's adventures in Gimli will help him to feel at home with his new family and come to terms with some pre-adolescent uncertainties while Johnny, burdened with unexpected fatherly duties, has to make some choices he avoided to face before. Cast Michael Yarmush - Eric Johansson Callum Keith Rennie - Johnny Johansson Marley Otto - Anastasia 'AJ' Burke Jennifer Clement - Zoë Johansson Joy Coghill - Astrid 'Auntie Auntie' Árnesson Bucky Hill - Sam LaFresne Yank Azman - Tom Shaughnessy Awards In 1997 Callum Keith Rennie won a Gemini Award for Best Performance in a Children's or Youth Program or Series for his role as Johnny Johansson. Michael Yarmush won the 1998 Young Artist Award for Best Performance in a TV Drama Series - Leading Young Actor and was nominated for a YoungStar Award for Best Performance by a Young Actor in a Drama TV Series the same year. Episodes References External links 1990s Canadian children's television series 1990s Canadian comedy-drama television series 1996 Canadian television series debuts 1997 Canadian television series endings Canadian children's comedy television series Canadian children's drama television series Television series about brothers Television series about orphans Television series about twins Television series by CBS Studios Television shows filmed in Winnipeg", "title": "My Life as a Dog (TV series)" }, { "docid": "882736", "text": "Project Gemini () was the second United States human spaceflight program to fly. Conducted after the first American manned space program, Project Mercury, while the Apollo program was still in early development, Gemini was conceived in 1961 and concluded in 1966. The Gemini spacecraft carried a two-astronaut crew. Ten Gemini crews and 16 individual astronauts flew low Earth orbit (LEO) missions during 1965 and 1966. Gemini's objective was the development of space travel techniques to support the Apollo mission to land astronauts on the Moon. In doing so, it allowed the United States to catch up and overcome the lead in human spaceflight capability the Soviet Union had obtained in the early years of the Space Race, by demonstrating mission endurance up to just under 14 days, longer than the eight days required for a round trip to the Moon; methods of performing extravehicular activity (EVA) without tiring; and the orbital maneuvers necessary to achieve rendezvous and docking with another spacecraft. This left Apollo free to pursue its prime mission without spending time developing these techniques. All Gemini flights were launched from Launch Complex 19 (LC-19) at Cape Kennedy Air Force Station in Florida. Their launch vehicle was the Gemini–Titan II, a modified Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM). Gemini was the first program to use the newly built Mission Control Center at the Houston Manned Spacecraft Center for flight control. The astronaut corps that supported Project Gemini included the \"Mercury Seven\", \"The New Nine\", and \"The Fourteen\". During the program, three astronauts died in air crashes during training, including both members of the prime crew for Gemini 9. The backup crew flew this mission. Gemini was robust enough that the United States Air Force planned to use it for the Manned Orbital Laboratory (MOL) program, which was later canceled. Gemini's chief designer, Jim Chamberlin, also made detailed plans for cislunar and lunar landing missions in late 1961. He believed Gemini spacecraft could fly in lunar operations before Project Apollo, and cost less. NASA's administration did not approve those plans. In 1969, Lukas Bingham proposed a \"Big Gemini\" that could have been used to shuttle up to 12 astronauts to the planned space stations in the Apollo Applications Project (AAP). The only AAP project funded was Skylab (The first American space station) – which used existing spacecraft and hardware – thereby eliminating the need for Big Gemini. Pronunciation The constellation for which the project was named is commonly pronounced , the last syllable rhyming with eye. However, staff of the Manned Spacecraft Center, including the astronauts, tended to pronounce the name , rhyming with knee. NASA's public affairs office then issued a statement in 1965 declaring \"Jeh-mih-nee\" the \"official\" pronunciation. Gus Grissom, acting as Houston capsule communicator when Ed White performed his spacewalk on Gemini 4, is heard on flight recordings pronouncing the spacecraft's call sign \"Jeh-mih-nee 4\", and the NASA pronunciation is used in the 2018 film First Man. Program origins and objectives The Apollo program was conceived in early 1960", "title": "Project Gemini" }, { "docid": "32412362", "text": "Ǧbargoláy () is the third month of the Afghan calendar. It occurs from May 21/22 to June 20/21, and it has 31 days. Ǧbargoláy associates with the tropical Zodiac sign Gemini. Ǧbargoláy literally means \"twin\" in Pashto. Events Observances Victoria Day - First Monday of Ǧbargolay Memorial Day - First or Second Monday of Ǧbargolay nearest to or on May 31 in the Gregorian Canadian Armed Forces Day - Third Sunday of Ǧbargolay Queen's Official Birthday - Fourth Saturday of Ǧbargolay Festa della Repubblica - 12 or 13 Ǧbargolay Constitution Day (Denmark) - 15 Ǧbargolay (14 in leap years) National Day of Sweden - 16 Ǧbargolay Russia Day and Independence Day (Philippines) - 22 Ǧbargolay Flag Day (United States) - 24 or 25 Ǧbargolay Pashto names for the months of the Solar Hijri calendar ps:غبرګولی(مياشت)", "title": "Ǧbargolay" }, { "docid": "7274611", "text": "Lance King (born November 23, 1962) is an American heavy metal music singer and songwriter specializing in melodic progressive power metal. He has sung with many groups over the last 35 years and started the record label Nightmare in 1990 to release his own music, and is currently still at the helm of the label. Career Freelance years An American hard rock band: 1981–86 As a performing musician since 1981, King has sung with many bands in his career, in 1981 the summer after he graduated high school in Winona, MN, King was asked by a few musician friends that he had jammed with in the past to join a small weekend club band called \"The News\" The band focused mainly on Canadian rock covers and after a couple shows they decided to change the name of the band to \"Freelance\". During his five years with the band from (1981–1986) Freelance began playing local bars on the weekends, almost every weekend, then the band reached out to talent agents in the Twin cities and the band began playing farther and wider, by 1983 they were doing club shows, from British Columbia, and Idaho to Michigan in an old school bus they had renovated and dubbed \"the urban insult vehicle\", mostly due to the fact that they had simply painted it primer grey, so it was not school bus yellow anymore. Freelance did create 10 songs of original material and played these live, but never recorded them properly and thus are lost to the world. Gemini years An American Hardrock / Metal band: 1986–1993 In 1986, when freelance was beginning to fall apart, King joined a Rochester, Minnesota-based band Gemini. Gemini had been playing a circuit of clubs and ballrooms in the tri-state area of Minnesota, Iowa and Wisconsin for over ten years when King joined in 1986 they were a cover band playing as much new wave as they were corporate rock, after a year King gave the band an ultimatum, that either they started writing songs and trying to move to the next level or King was moving on to something else. After somewhat of a power play, King managed to become the driving force in the band and in 1988 they started breaking into the clubs in the Minneapolis and Saint Paul market, eventually dethroning the reigning club champions of the day in the premier rooms \"The Mirage\" and the \"Iron Horse\" while also playing many other rooms. Gemini was doing exceptionally well with their show attendance, normally having between 700 and 1000 people a night at their shows, playing over 250 shows a year, they started having major labels coming to the shows. The band was courted by labels and managers but nothing solid was ever offered by the major labels due to the band only having a few originals at the time. The manager's contract King deemed unworthy of the band. So Gemini continued to play shows and write in the clubs during the days, testing", "title": "Lance King" }, { "docid": "13309851", "text": "The Twin EP is Boy George’s fourth EP, promoted in late 2003 and early 2004, under the same pseudonym of The Twin. The project includes vocalist and DJ Boy George and dance producer Kinky Roland, who helped George write and produce many of his most recent tracks, either as a solo singer for his albums, and as an independent DJ for his numerous mix compilations. Both George and Roland explain what is The Twin. The former, on his MySpace page, defines The Twin as his \"alter ago, after all I am a Gemini, and I always joke that you’re never alone with a Gemini, not even when you’re on your own\". The latter, in an interview for The Devil in Sister George Homepage, when asked \"if The Twin is George and Kinky Roland or is the Twin: George and his alter Ego featuring the Replicant or is The Twin George and Leigh Bowery or what?\", answers instead that \"The Twin is Boy George's project I'm doing writing and producing for his new alter ego\". George points to David Bowie, along with Gene Pitney, as the most important early influences for The Twin project. As regards The Twin, actually, the new character was first born, as it seems, after George played the role of the Australian performance artist and designer Leigh Bowery, in the musical Taboo, co-written by Boy George himself, who also composed both soundtrack albums for the London and Broadway shows. The singer, turned into an actor, has revealed that it was easier for him to play someone else's role instead of his own (who was also in the show among the main characters), and that he is not new to working under the guise of some pseudonym, as he already did, most notably, with the band Jesus Loves You or under the pseudonym Angela Dust as producer and composer =: not being exposed as Boy George, too famous a name to dangerously depart from the established path, allowed him much more experimentation (the same happened when leaving his former group, Culture Club, who obliged him to always stick to the same vocal style), at the same time permitting him to possibly hide under some other label, in case of commercial and critical failure (which never happened, by the way, on such a huge scale as not to come out in the open). As concerns The Twin's extreme image (Bowery was famous for creating gravity-defying dresses, as well as outrageous make-up and exaggeratedly gorgeous looks), Boy George admits that he had been almost dressing down, following his personal standards, of course, for a few years, when he suddenly found himself thrown into Leigh's extraordinary looks and make-up, one of the most famous of which consisted in latex drips over his head, a green tutu and a specially designed corset so as to make him look as he had a prosperous real breast: it was this experience that reminded him that he was ultimately a freak, pushing him to create", "title": "The Twin (EP)" }, { "docid": "57204535", "text": "The Basement is a 2017 American horror film directed by Brian M. Conley and Nathan Ives. The film stars Mischa Barton, Jackson Davis, Cayleb Long, and Tracie Thoms. The film premiered at Shriekfest in Los Angeles on October 7, 2017. It received a 10 market theatrical and digital release in the United States on 15 September 2018. Plot A deranged serial killer known as Bill Anderson (or \"The Gemini\") tortures and slays his victims in the basement of his San Fernando Valley home. Craig Owen (Long), a famous guitarist, goes to the convenience store when his wife, Kelly, asks him to get more champagne. While out, Craig receives two seductive text messages from a woman named Bianca, which he promptly deletes. He was kidnapped in the parking lot. Bill tortures him throughout the night by cutting off his fingers, knocking out his teeth (and forcing Craig to chew and swallow them at one point), and pretending to be various characters in a bizarre drama, including a clown, a police officer, a detective, a prisoner, a doctor, a lawyer, a father, a mother, and a prison guard. The mother gives Craig a nail file, which he uses to cut through his restraints while Gemini eats upstairs. Craig frees himself and escapes the basement, only to be recaptured. He wakes up to Bill dressed as a priest, who makes him confess and take communion before carving the Gemini zodiac symbol into Craig's forehead. Bill returns dressed as an executioner and waits for 6:00 AM. Eventually, he decapitates Craig with a blowtorch. Meanwhile, Craig's wife Kelly invites her best friend Bianca over to discuss where Craig might be. Kelly reveals to Bianca that Craig is having an affair and wants to kill whoever it could be. Bianca stays the night and falls asleep on the sofa after Kelly drugs her. In the morning, Bill arrives at the house dressed as a police officer. He assures her that he killed Craig. Kelly points to Bianca and tells Gemini to 'take out the trash'. In the last few minutes, a flashback set one month earlier reveals that Bill and Kelly are twins, and she knows all about his killing spree. She also knows that Craig is having an affair with Bianca and asks Bill to kill Craig. Cast Mischa Barton as Kelly Owen Jackson Davis as Bill Anderson Cayleb Long as Craig Owen Tracie Thoms as Lauren Bailey Anne Borders as Bianca Kareem J. Grimes as Andre Sarah Nicklin as Reporter Amanda Kincaid Maria Volk as Allison Perry Jessica Sonneborn as Carlee Christa Conley as Mia Production Conley and Ives wrote the script together in the fall of 2015, and they were inspired by films such as Sleuth, Seven, and The Silence of the Lambs''. Critical reception On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 11% based on 9 reviews, with an average score of 3.43/10. Dread Central gave the film 5 stars out of 5, remarking on its \"solid script\" and praising", "title": "The Basement (film)" }, { "docid": "29816772", "text": "The Zenith Gemini CH 620 is a twin engine, two seat, light aircraft, designed to be competitive in the single engine market. The Canadian designed Gemini flew in 1996 but kit production has not been started. Design and development The compact Gemini is a Chris Heintz (of Zenair Co., Canada) designed twin engined two seater with a wingspan only 3 in (76 mm) greater than that of the Zenith Zodiac, with which it shares many components. Its square tipped low wings are built around a single spar and, like the rest of the Gemini, are stressed aluminium skinned. Most of the taper is on the trailing edges, which carry mass balanced ailerons over almost all the span outboard of the engines. The two Jabiru 2200 flat four engines are mounted in front of the leading edge, under long over-wing cowlings; the starboard engine is toed-out by 2.5°. The tailplane is rectangular in plan, the separate, mass balanced elevators having a cut-out for the movement of a tall, tapered, all-moving rudder. The port elevator carries a trim tab. The Gemini's semi-monocoque fuselage is flat sided, though rounded decking merges from behind into a smooth single piece canopy over the cabin, where two sit side-by side. The prototype has a tailwheel undercarriage, though later aircraft could have tricycle gear. The tailwheel is fixed but the mainwheels retract backwards into the engine nacelles, leaving the wheels slightly protruding in case of a wheels-up landing. The Gemini first flew on 23 July 1996. Since then the development pace has been slow, with the company's focus elsewhere. There has been discussion of a revised airfoil section and uprated Jabiru engines. As of 2000, there was no indication of a date set for kit production. Specifications References External links 1990s Canadian sport aircraft Gemini Gemini Low-wing aircraft Aircraft first flown in 1996 Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft", "title": "Zenith Gemini CH-620" }, { "docid": "56199", "text": "Pollux may refer to: People Julius Pollux, also known as Ioulios Poludeukes (2nd century A.D), a Greek rhetorician Pollux (mythology) or Polydeuces, one of the Dioscuri and twin brother of Castor Astronomy Pollux (star), the brightest star in the Gemini constellation, also designated β Geminorum Pollux, a crater on the Saturnian moon Epimetheus Games Pollux, a character in the erotic anime series Words Worth Pollux (arcade game), an arcade game manufactured by Dooyong in 1991 Pollux Gamelabs, a Danish game development company. Pollux Engine, a game engine used in Final Fantasy Crystal Chronicles: Echoes of Time Ships , the name of more than one ship , the name of more than one United States Navy ship was known as Pollux in 1994-1995 Other uses Kastor und Pollux, a complex of two towers in Frankfurt am Main, Germany Pollux, a South Devon Railway 4-4-0ST steam locomotive of the South Devon Railway Eagle class Pollux (mountain), a mountain in the Pennine Alps, in Italy and Switzerland Pollux Peak, a mountain in Yellowstone National Park, US Pollux Temple, a summit in the Grand Canyon, US RTV-N-15 Pollux, an experimental pulsejet-powered research missile of the U.S. Navy", "title": "Pollux" }, { "docid": "63019472", "text": "Nyo Min Lwin (; born 28 September 1979) is a Burmese film director, scriptwriter and former actor. He is best known for directing the first Myanmar LGBT film The Gemini (2016) and the first Myanmar sci-fi film Ananda: Rise of Notra (2019). His career began as an actor in Burmese films and gained success as a director in the early days of his career by directing horror films. Throughout his career, he has acted in over 15 films and directed over 100 films. Early life and education Nyo Min Lwin was born on 28 September 1979 in Yangon, Myanmar. He is the only son of Aung Win, a writer who wrote under the pen name Pike Htwe, and his wife Khin Mya Thi. He attended high school at Basic Education High School No. 6 Ahlone and also attended to Myanmar Motion Picture Organisation's Acting Class in 1998. He graduated from University of Distance Education, Yangon with a degree in Psychology in 2013. Career He studied filmmaking when 15 years old. In 1998, he debuted as an actor in the television series Mayana Kone The. He has since appeared in many films. He wrote his first script in 1999 for the film Kyun Taw Chit Thaw Min Ma Myar. He then took a directing course under Academy winner director Mg Myo Min (Yin Twin Phyit) in 2000 before settling into the director's chair himself. He made his directorial debut in 2000 with the film Thein Mwei Sue (Delicated Thorn) in 2000. In 2002, he directed his first psychological thriller film Ein Mat Pya Dite (Dream Museum) was not exactly released. In 2006, he produced his first real ghost film Nya Kyaung (The Night School), a big hit with lovers of the genre. His first blockbuster film was Hninsi Ka Kyoe in 2014. In the same year, he directed his first big-screen film Datshin Yike Thu Myar. In 2015, he directed the horror film The Loom, not only directed, but also took on a leading role in this film. The film has been shot entirely with an iPhone 6 and 6+, and an iPhone 5 and 5+ for the sound recording. He also used an iPad Air and a MacBook Pro for editing and an iPad Air to provide the background music. He used an iPhone 6+ for colour corrections and brought the movie up to the 4K resolution standard (4096 x 2160) to show it in local cinemas. The same year, he co-founded the Night School Pictures and Algebra VFX Studio. In 2016, he directed the film The Gemini, was the first LGBT film in cinema of Myanmar and openly railed against the Burmese homosexuality laws. The film was screened in Myanmar cinemas on 2 December 2016 and also premiered at the Cinema Village in New York City on 9 September 2016, and became the first Burmese film shown in Hollywood. He also directed the first Myanmar sci-fi film Ananda: Rise of Notra, was screened in Myanmar cinemas on 11 July", "title": "Nyo Min Lwin" }, { "docid": "44501769", "text": "\"Fade into You\" is the 8th episode of the sixth season of the American series The Vampire Diaries and the series' 119th episode overall. \"Fade Into You\" was originally aired on November 20, 2014, on The CW. The episode was written by Nina Fiore and John Herrera and directed by Joshua Butler. Plot Caroline (Candice Accola) organizes a \"friendsgiving dinner\" for the Thanksgiving Day and she invites everyone except Stefan (Paul Wesley). Jo (Jodi Lyn O'Keefe) is the first to arrive and when Elena (Nina Dobrev) asks her where Alaric (Matt Davis) is, Jo tells them that Alaric had to make an unplanned trip with Damon (Ian Somerhalder) and Stefan. Elena calls Alaric only to find out that Bonnie (Kat Graham) is probably alive and they had to make this trip to find a way to save her. Liam (Marco James) arrives at the \"friendsgiving dinner\" and apologizes to Elena. Liv (Penelope Mitchell) also arrives but she does not seem to be in a very good mood and Tyler (Michael Trevino) tries to understand what is wrong. Luke (Chris Brochu) gets to the dinner last bringing a video of him and Liv from their fourth birthday for everyone to see. He plays it and when Jo hears it, she recognizes her voice and reveals that she is Liv and Lukas' sister. Jo tells everyone the story of her family and what her brother Kai (Chris Wood) did eighteen years ago. The leaders of their coven, the Gemini coven, come from twins. Her and Kai should be the ones to follow the leadership but Kai was born without his own magic and he had to consume it from others. When their father realized that Kai would not be the best person to lead the coven, they kept having kids until another set of twins was born. When Kai found out, he killed his four other siblings and was after Liv and Lucas too. Jo protected them with her magic and agreed to merge with him for the leadership to save their lives. Jo, though, hid her magic and Kai was not able to merge with her. Their father, with the help of Sheila Bennett, used the power of the eclipse to send him away in his prison of 1994. When Elena asks why Liv is so upset about being the leader of the coven, Jo and Luke clarify that after the merge, the weaker of the twins dies. In the meantime, Damon, Stefan and Alaric get to Portland to investigate about the Gemini coven. They find the house but no one seems to be there. Alaric finds pictures of Jo inside the house and in one of the pictures, Damon recognizes Kai. A man appears who introduces himself as the father of Kai, Joshua Parker (Christopher Cousins), and when he shakes hands with Damon, he makes them and the house disappear so Alaric and Stefan cannot see them. He uses his powers on Damon to knock him out and takes him", "title": "Fade into You (The Vampire Diaries)" }, { "docid": "43439146", "text": "What So Not is an electronic music project by Australian record producer Emoh Instead (stage name of Christopher John Emerson). What So Not has toured the world, playing in various festivals, including Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival, Pukkelpop, Ultra Music Festival and Lollapalooza. What So Not is best known for his hits such as Innerbloom (What So Not Remix) (by RÜFÜS DU SOL),\"Gemini\" (featuring George Maple), \"Jaguar\", \"High You Are\" and \"Tell Me\" (with RL Grime). He has featured on charts such as the Australian Singles Chart, Triple J Hottest 100, and USA iTunes Dance Album chart. He released his debut album titled Not All the Beautiful Things on 9 March 2018. History 2010–2017: Career beginnings What So Not started as a project between record producer Emoh Instead and Flume. On 13 November 2011, What So Not released their debut EP, 7 Dollar Bill. During this time, they had released several remixes of artists such as Peking Duk, Tom Piper, and Major Lazer,. In early 2013, they embarked on the Massive Universe Tour, in several venues across Australia. On 28 May 2013, they released their second EP, The Quack, featuring a collaboration with Action Bronson on label Owsla. The duo released the song, \"Jaguar\" on 6 December 2013. On 24 June 2014, What So Not and RL Grime released their single, \"Tell Me\", with Chris Martins from Spin describing the track as \"of both melodic might and percussive ferocity\". In February 2015, Flume announced his departure from What So Not, citing that he and Emoh Instead had been moving in different creative directions, and stated that the upcoming Gemini EP would be What So Not's last release as a duo. \"Gemini\" featuring George Maple, the first track from the EP, debuted on 9 May 2015. The track was named on Triple J Hottest 100 later that year and peaked at number 52 on the Australian Singles Chart. Gemini was released as a free download on 18 December 2015, which featured collaborations with artists Dillon Francis, Tunji Ige and KLP (musician). The EP was downloaded over 800,000 times, charted globally on iTunes Electronic EP chart and was named to various year-end \"best of\" lists. In November 2015, What So Not, Baauer and George Maple co-produced a track for Australian rapper Tkay Maidza, titled \"Ghost\". The song was premiered on Triple J. On 9 September 2016, What So Not released his first EP as a solo artist, Divide & Conquer, which included previously released track \"Lone\". In October 2016, What So Not, George Maple and Djemba Djemba co-produced a track on Australian rapper Tkay Maidza's debut album, titled \"Afterglow\". On 3 November 2016, RL Grime released the single \"Waiting\" in collaboration with What So Not and Skrillex which was in production since 2013. The track's release was teased through a promotional video which parodied chat-line advertisements and featured footage of 1980-era-influenced vixens with a phone number flashing across the screen, where by calling the number listeners can hear the song in", "title": "What So Not" }, { "docid": "28010525", "text": "The modern constellation Gemini lies across two of the quadrants, symbolized by the White Tiger of the West (西方白虎, Xī Fāng Bái Hǔ) and the Vermilion Bird of the South (南方朱雀, Nán Fāng Zhū Què), that divide the sky in traditional Chinese uranography. The name of the western constellation in modern Chinese is 雙子座 (shuāng zǐ zuò), meaning \"the twin constellation\". Stars The map of Chinese constellation in constellation Gemini area consists of : See also Traditional Chinese star names Chinese constellations References External links Gemini – Chinese associations 香港太空館研究資源中國星區、星官及星名英譯表天象文學台灣自然科學博物館天文教育資訊網中國古天文中國古代的星象系統 Astronomy in China Gemini (constellation)", "title": "Gemini in Chinese astronomy" }, { "docid": "57395250", "text": "Legacies is an American fantasy drama television series, created by Julie Plec, that aired from October 25, 2018, to June 16, 2022, on The CW. A spinoff of The Originals, it is part of The Vampire Diaries Universe, and features characters from both that series and its predecessor, The Vampire Diaries. Danielle Rose Russell stars as the 17-year-old Hope Mikaelson, continuing the role she originated in the fifth and final season of The Originals. Matt Davis also features prominently in the series, reprising his role as Alaric Saltzman from The Vampire Diaries. In May 2022, it was announced that the fourth season would be its final season. Premise Legacies follows Hope Mikaelson, the daughter of Klaus Mikaelson and Hayley Marshall, who is descended from some of the most powerful vampire, werewolf, and witch bloodlines. Two years after the events of The Originals, 17-year-old Hope attends the Salvatore School for the Young and Gifted. The school provides a haven where supernatural beings can learn to control their abilities and impulses. Episodes Cast and characters Main Danielle Rose Russell as Hope Mikaelson: a teenaged orphan and student at the Salvatore School for the Young and Gifted who is descended from some of the most powerful vampire, werewolf, and witch bloodlines via her parents, Klaus Mikaelson and Hayley Marshall, making her the first Tribrid. The character was introduced in The Originals. Aria Shahghasemi as Landon Kirby: Rafael's foster brother and friend/romantic interest of Hope who eventually becomes her boyfriend and fellow student at the Salvatore School. Initially thought to be a human, he is then suspected of being a supernatural being after Vampire powers do not work on him like compulsion, and is later revealed to be a phoenix. The character was introduced in The Originals season 5. Kaylee Bryant as Josie Saltzman (seasons 1–4): a witch and student at the Salvatore School. She is Alaric's 15-year-old daughter, Lizzie's twin, and was named after her biological mother, Josette \"Jo\" Laughlin of the powerful Gemini coven. Josie is deferential to her sister, Lizzie, and lacks self-confidence. Bryant departs the show midway through season 4. The character was introduced in The Vampire Diaries as a baby and toddler and then a young teen in The Originals. Jenny Boyd as Lizzie Saltzman: a witch and student at the Salvatore School. She is Alaric's 15-year-old daughter, Josie's twin, and was named after Elizabeth Forbes, the late mother of the twins' surrogate mother, Caroline Forbes. Lizzie is narcissistic and is prone to emotional meltdowns. The character was introduced in The Vampire Diaries as a baby and toddler and then a young teen in The Originals. Quincy Fouse as Milton \"MG\" Greasley: A good-natured vampire who works as Alaric's student aide and is friendly with the Saltzman twins and romantically interested in Lizzie. He later briefly dates Kaleb's sister in season 2 but continues to love Lizzie. Peyton Alex Smith as Rafael Waithe (seasons 1–3; special guest star season 4): a recently triggered werewolf and Landon's foster brother. After", "title": "Legacies (TV series)" }, { "docid": "10540961", "text": "Goodbye Gemini (also known as Twinsanity) is a 1970 British psychological horror film directed by Alan Gibson and starring Judy Geeson, Michael Redgrave, and Martin Potter. Based on the novel Ask Agamemnon by Jenni Hall, it concerns a pair of unusually close fraternal twins, Jacki and Julian, discovering Swinging London while home on Spring Break. Their experiences complicate the pair's relationship, which is already strained due to Julian's incestuous fascination with his sister, which he sees as a natural manifestation of what he believes to be the pair's hive-minded nature. The film was produced at a time when conservative groups were beginning to react to the perceived social excesses of 1960s British culture. It was released concurrently with Freddie Francis' Mumsy, Nanny, Sonny and Girly (1970), another horror film which also dealt with an unusual familial relationship and contained a scene implying consensual brother-sister incest. Both films were targeted by the conservative press as endemic of everything wrong with contemporary British culture, resulting in protests and theaters refusing to show the films. Plot Jacki and Julian Dewar, a pair of fraternal twins, arrive via bus in London on Spring break from university, while their father is in Mexico on business. The pair launch themselves into London's underground party scene, clubbing at strip bars, accompanied by Jacki's teddy bear, Agamemnon, whom the twins address – and regard – as a father figure. At one club the pair encounter Clive, a small-time pimp who survives by ingratiating himself with the wealthy and well-connected. Clive quickly endears himself to Jacki, while Clive's sometimes girlfriend Denise attempts to seduce Julian. He turns her down, intent on beginning an incestuous relationship with Jacki. Julian regards he and his sister as two halves of a hive mind, and sees incest as a natural expression of their closeness. It becomes apparent that Clive is using Jacki and Julian's house to hide from a gangster to whom he owes a large gambling debt. One night after Jacki turns down Julian's advances, Clive plies him with whiskey and marijuana and takes him to a brothel where Clive keeps his \"Circus\"—a group of transvestite prostitutes who work for him. On Clive's orders, two of the prostitutes anally rape Julian while Clive takes photos. Clive attempts to blackmail Julian with the photos in order to pay off his gambling debt. Meanwhile, Denise reveals the plan to Jacki, telling her that Clive has similarly raped and blackmailed other men in the past, going to far as to sell some of them into sexual slavery when they were unable to pay him. That night, Jacki comforts Julian, telling him that she knows what happened and that their relationship has not changed. The next night, the twins bet a drunken Clive that he can't tell the two of them apart. Clive agrees, and the twins quickly dress the room in a ritualistic manner, erecting an \"altar\" for Agamemnon and dressing themselves in bed sheets altered to look like ceremonial robes. When Clive hesitates in", "title": "Goodbye Gemini" }, { "docid": "5908303", "text": "Millennium: Tribal Wisdom and the Modern World is a 1992 documentary television series of ten one-hour episodes celebrating the lifeways and worldviews of small scale non-technological societies as the last of them face their inevitable accommodation with the 'modern world'. The Western world's desire to remake other societies into its own image robs our modern world of the gifts of other cultures. By exploring the values and different worldviews that hold many tribal societies together, the Millennium series reflects on what the modern world can learn from tribal societies as we all face the challenges of the next millennium: harmony with the natural world and one another, humility and tolerance, and a sense of belonging. Ten years in the making, the Millennium series draws on oral tradition with a bold experiential approach to non-fiction television, mixing first-person storytelling, philosophical inquiry, dramatization and traditional documentary filmmaking. Each episode explores a theme central to the larger question of what it means to be human through personal stories observed, told and enacted by individuals from both the traditional and the modern worlds. Conceived of by Richard Meech, the series was produced and directed by Michael Grant and Richard Meech. In the early 1980's they began to assemble a team of anthropologists and filmmakers to help them realize the ambitious project that included Harvard University anthropologist David Maybury-Lewis, who hosted the series and authored the Millennium companion book of the same name published by Viking Penguin, British producer Adrian Malone, who served as executive producer and head writer, and German film composer Hans Zimmer, who wrote and produced the score for the series. Millennium was supported by numerous sponsors (see below) but the extraordinary vision and financial commitment of Anita Roddick and her husband Gordon Roddick, founders of The Body Shop, formed the cornerstone of that support. The Millennium series premiered in February 1992 on The Global Television Network. It was broadcast nationally on PBS in May 1992 and later on BBC Television. The series was broadcast in numerous other countries in the following years with global viewership approaching 100 million. Nominations and awards 1992 Primetime Emmy Award: Outstanding Individual Achievement - Informational Programming - Cinematography. Michael Boland and Vic Sarin. 1992 WorldFest Houston International Film Festival: REMI Special Jury Award. 1993 Gemini Award Nomination: Best Documentary Series. Adrian Malone, Michael Grant, Richard Meech, Nancy Button. 1993 Gemini Award Nomination: Best Sound in an Information/Documentary Program or Series. Alison Clark, Stuart French, Terence McKeown. 1993 Gemini Award: Best Photography in an Information/Documentary Program or Series. Michael Boland and Vic Sarin. 1993 Gemini Award: Best Sound in an Information/Documentary Program or Series. Alison Clark, Dino Pigat, Terence McKeown. Series credits Produced by: Michael Grant and Richard Meech. Executive producer and head writer: Adrian Malone. Series host: David Maybury-Lewis. Music: Hans Zimmer. Principal cinematography: Michael Boland and Vic Sarin. Editors: Michael Todd and Michael Fuller. Supervising producer: Nancy Button. Executive in charge KCET: Phylis Geller.Executive Producer for the BBC: André Singer. Millennium: Tribal Wisdom and the", "title": "Millennium: Tribal Wisdom and the Modern World" }, { "docid": "28663208", "text": "Twins are two offspring produced in the same pregnancy. Twins may also refer to: Arts, entertainment and media Fictional characters Twins (The Matrix) The Twins (Transformers) Leonel and Marco Salamanca, Breaking Bad and Better Call Saul characters referred to as \"The Twins\" The Twins, or Spazmatism and Retinazer, a pair of bosses in the video game Terraria Films The Twins (1923 film), an Australian silent film Twins (1925 film), an American comedy film starring Stan Laurel Twins (1988 film), an American comedy film starring Arnold Schwarzenegger and Danny DeVito The Twins (2005 film), a South Korean film The Twin (2022 film), a psychological horror film Literature Twins (novel), a 2006 young adult novel by Marcy Dermansky Twins, a 1977 novel by Jack Geasland and Bari Wood, based on the story of Stewart and Cyril Marcus Twins, a series of 26 children's books by Lucy Fitch Perkins Twins, a 1999 photobook by Steven Underhill The Twins (Loo novel), by Tessa de Loo, 1993 The Twins (1930 novel), a novel by Abd Al Quddus Al Ansari \"The Twins\", a poem by Henry Sambrooke Leigh (1837–1883) Twins: A Variety Store Named \"The End of the World\", a novel by Novala Takemoto \"The Twins\" (Albanian tale), a folktale Music Bands Twins (group), a Hong Kong Cantopop duo The Twins (Australian duo), an EDM and house group The Twins, twin sisters who performed together as actresses and as a dance/pop duo in the 1990s, Gayle and Gillian Blakeney The Twins (German duo), a synth-pop and Eurodisco group TWiiNS, a Slovak pop group Twinz, an American hip hop duo Albums Twins (By2 album), 2009 Twins (In the Nursery album) or the title song, 1986 Twins (Ornette Coleman album), 1971 Twins (Super Junior album) or the title song (see below), 2005 Twins (Ty Segall album), 2012 Twins (2001 EP), by Twins Twins (2002 EP), by Twins Songs \"Twins\" (Philip Bailey and Little Richard song), from the 1988 film \"Twins (Knock Out)\", by Super Junior, 2005 \"Twins\", by Gem Club, 2011 \"Twins\", by Maritime from We, the Vehicles, 2005 Television Twins (TV series), a 2005 American sitcom The Twins (1979 TV series), a Hong Kong television series Science and technology TWINS (Two Wide-Angle Imaging Neutral-Atom Spectrometers), a NASA program Temperature and Winds for InSight (TWINS), a meteorological suite onboard InSight Mars lander Twins, in crystal twinning Sports LG Twins, a Korean baseball team Minnesota Twins, an American baseball team Thunder Bay Twins, a defunct Canadian hockey Team Thunder Bay K&A Twins, a defunct Canadian hockey Team Other uses Gimmigela Chuli, or The Twins, a mountain in the Himalayas See also Gemini (disambiguation) The Twin (disambiguation) Twin (disambiguation) Twin Sisters (disambiguation) Twin Towers (disambiguation)", "title": "Twins (disambiguation)" }, { "docid": "21797438", "text": "Tyler Howard Winklevoss (born August 21, 1981) is an American investor, founder of Winklevoss Capital Management and Gemini cryptocurrency exchange, and former Olympic rower. Winklevoss co-founded HarvardConnection (later renamed ConnectU) along with his brother Cameron Winklevoss and a Harvard classmate of theirs, Divya Narendra. In 2004, the Winklevoss brothers sued Mark Zuckerberg, claiming he stole their ConnectU idea to create the social networking service site Facebook. As a rower, Winklevoss competed in the men's pair rowing event at the 2008 Summer Olympics with his identical twin brother and rowing partner, Cameron. Early life and education Tyler Winklevoss was born in Southampton, New York, and raised in Greenwich, Connecticut. He is the son of Carol (née Leonard) and Howard Winklevoss, who is an author and professor of actuarial science at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. Winklevoss attended Greenwich Country Day School and graduated from Brunswick School. Winklevoss studied classical piano for 12 years, beginning at age 6. He studied Latin and Ancient Greek in high school. During his junior year, he and his twin brother Cameron founded the crew program. On June 14, 2002, Winklevoss's older sister, Amanda, died from cardiac arrest induced by drug overdose. He matriculated to Harvard College in 2000 and majored in economics, earning an AB degree and graduating in 2004. At Harvard, he was a member of the men's varsity crew, the Porcellian Club and the Hasty Pudding Club. In 2009, Winklevoss began a graduate business study at the Saïd Business School at the University of Oxford and completed an MBA in 2010. While at Oxford, he was a member of Christ Church, an Oxford Blue, and rowed in the losing Blue Boat in the 156th Oxford-Cambridge Boat Race. ConnectU In December 2002, Winklevoss, along with his brother Cameron Winklevoss and fellow Harvard classmate Divya Narendra, sought a better way to connect with fellow students at Harvard University and other universities. The three conceived of a social network for Harvard students named HarvardConnection; the concept ultimately expanded to other schools around the country. What made ConnectU different from other social media platforms was the need to have a specific domain that matched the 'club' you were getting into, like harvard.edu. The idea was to make each school its own club, in which students could connect and be exclusive, similar to the infamous finals clubs at Harvard. In January 2003, they enlisted the help of fellow Harvard student, programmer and friend Sanjay Mavinkurve to begin building HarvardConnection. Mavinkurve commenced work on HarvardConnection but departed the project in spring 2003 when he graduated and went to work for Google. After the departure of Mavinkurve, the Winklevosses and Narendra approached Narendra's friend, Harvard student and programmer Victor Gao, to work on HarvardConnection. Gao, a senior in Mather House, opted not to become a partner in the venture, instead agreeing to be paid in a work for hire capacity. He was paid $400 for his work on the website code during the summer and fall of 2003,", "title": "Tyler Winklevoss" }, { "docid": "24787395", "text": "The Diversity Award is presented by Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television to honour excellence in English-language television programming that \"reflects the racial and cultural diversity of Canada.\" History It was introduced in 1988 as the Multiculturalism Award under the umbrella of the Gemini Awards, and renamed to the Canada Award in 1996. Since 2013, the award has been presented as part of the new Canadian Screen Awards program. It was renamed to its current name in 2014. National Film Board of Canada productions and co-productions have won approximately half of all Canada Awards. Winners by year 1992 Gemini Awards — Drums 1993 Gemini Awards — It's About Time 1994 Gemini Awards — Speak It! From the Heart of Black Nova Scotia 1995 Gemini Awards — For Angela 1996 Gemini Awards — Nuhoniyeh: Our Story 1997 Gemini Awards — The Mind of a Child 1998 Gemini Awards — The Road Taken and The Rez, Season 2 \"They Call Her Tanya\" 1999 Gemini Awards — Loyalties 2000 Gemini Awards — Unwanted Soldiers 2001 Gemini Awards — Made in China: The Story of Adopted Chinese Children in Canada 2002 Gemini Awards — Film Club 2003 Gemini Awards — Carry Me Home: The Story & Music of the Nathaniel Dett Chorale 2004 Gemini Awards — Cosmic Current 2005 Gemini Awards — Two Worlds Colliding 2006 Gemini Awards — Wapos Bay - \"There's No I in Hockey\" 2007 Gemini Awards — Little Mosque on the Prairie 2008 Gemini Awards — Qallunaat! Why White People Are Funny 2009 Gemini Awards — Club Native 2010 Gemini Awards — Reel Injun Canadian Screen Awards 1st Canadian Screen Awards — Blind Spot: What Happened to Canada's Aboriginal Fathers? 2nd Canadian Screen Awards — The Defector: Escape from North Korea 3rd Canadian Screen Awards — The Exhibition 4th Canadian Screen Awards — Canada in Perspective See also Canadian television awards Sources Canada Awards Database Canada Award form, Past recipients list Gemini Awards Multicultural and ethnic television in Canada Diversity Awards established in 1988 Awards disestablished in 2014 1988 establishments in Canada 2016 disestablishments in Canada", "title": "Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television Diversity Award" }, { "docid": "36230218", "text": "Utthama Puthiran is the 1940 Tamil language film directed by T. R. Sundaram. P. U. Chinnappa, M. V. Rajamma, T. S. Balaiah played the lead roles. It was the first Tamil film in which the leading actor P. U. Chinnappa played a double role. Production Uthama Puthiran was adapted from the 1939 Hollywood film The Man in the Iron Mask, which was based on the 1847–1850 novel The Vicomte of Bragelonne: Ten Years Later by the French adventure fiction maestro, Alexandre Dumas. The film was produced and directed by the Salem based movie mogul, T. R. Sundaram, it proved successful and established the singing star of the 1940s, P. U. Chinnappa. The film featured him in dual roles and thus made him a first Tamil actor to feature him double roles. The double action scenes of Chinnappa was shot by Bodo Gutschwager, a German technician. There was a sequence of the twins engaged in a duel while singing a duet, throwing challenges making it one of the rare scenes in Indian cinema. M. V. Rajamma, Kannada theatre and film actress, played the heroine. Uthama Puthran was her second film with Chinnappa, the first being Yayathi (1938). T. S. Balaiah portrayed the negative role. The film had supporting cast featuring NSK, Mathuram, Kali N. Ratnam, and P. A. Periyanayaki. Cast P. U. Chinnappa as Vikrama Pandiyan / Sokkanatha Pandiyan M. V. Rajamma as Meenatchi T. S. Balaiah as 'Minister' Naganathan T. S. Krishnaveni as Shanthamani Kali N. Ratnam as Pattabi Pulimoottai Ramasamy as Subbramani Samy Guest appearance N. S. Krishnan as Iyengar T. A. Mathuram as Iyengar's wife Soundtrack The music was composed by G. Ramanathan and the lyrics were penned by S. Velsamy. Even though the British Indian government banned the Tamil rebel poet Bharati's work, Sundaram had the actor render the famous song \"Senthamizh Naadenum Podhiniley\" and got away with it. Themes and influences Uthama Puthiran adapted from Hollywood film The Man in the Iron Mask which was based on novel of same name notably became the first Tamil film to feature an actor in two roles. The story of identical twins was used often in Tamil cinema, and Dumas himself used it to write his famous The Corsican Brothers which was also adapted into Tamil. The Gemini Studios version Apoorva Sagotharargal (1949) with M. K. Radha playing the twins was a box office hit. M. G. Ramachandran played the twins in a rehash of the film titled Neerum Neruppum. The film was remade again in 1958 with Sivaji Ganesan. Uthama Puthiran also was the inspiration behind Imsai Arasan 23 m Pulikesi, a 2006 historical comedy film starring comedian Vadivelu as the twins. References External links Article about the film by Randor Guy in Hindu Bibliography 1940 films 1940s historical films 1940s Tamil-language films 1940s Indian films Films about brothers Films based on The Vicomte of Bragelonne: Ten Years Later Films directed by T. R. Sundaram Indian historical films Twins in Indian films", "title": "Uthama Puthiran (1940 film)" }, { "docid": "19944783", "text": "The Big World of Little Adam was a series of television cartoons that debuted in syndication in 1964. In the early 1960s, producer Fred Ladd acquired a large number of NASA documentary short subjects and packaged them as 110 five-minute episodes. Inexpensive animated wraparounds, featuring the inquisitive Little Adam and his older brother Wilbur, were added to open and close the segments. The episodes were made available in syndication either as half-hour blocks or individually, often appearing interspersed within blocks of cartoons on local TV stations. The early 60s shorts became outdated after the Apollo 11 Moon landing in 1969, and the show fell out of syndication by the early 1970s. Little Adam's voice was performed by John Megna; Wilbur was played by Craig Sechler. Partial list of episodes Aerospace Ship A Far-Away Cry Aim for the Stars Aim for the Sun Blueprints from Space Breathing in Space Echo in Space Flying the Blizzard Gemini: The Space Twins How Not to Fly to Venus Kitty Hawk to Mars Man in a Spacesuit Man on the Moon Mercury in Orbit Mercury Man in Space Missing Spaceman OAO-Telescope in Space Our Wandering Planet Pictures from Space Recovery at Sea Star Glazers The Amazing Maser The Dust Storm The Flaming Re-entry The Highest Wind The Middle Ear The Space Tug The World Tomorrow To Take the Moon Track of the Capsule Voice from Space Voices from the Moon War of the Satellites What Scares You Zero Gravity Zero Plus Five! References 1960s American animated television series 1964 American television series debuts American children's animated adventure television series First-run syndicated television programs in the United States Year of television series ending missing", "title": "The Big World of Little Adam" }, { "docid": "11721186", "text": "The Bell 400 TwinRanger was a prototype four-bladed, twin-engine civil helicopter developed by Bell Helicopter in the 1980s. Both the TwinRanger and another planned version, the Bell 440, were attempts to market a twin-engine development of the Model 206L LongRanger. The Bell 400A was a planned single-engine version of the 400. TwinRanger, however development was canceled when Bell could not acquire enough orders for production. The TwinRanger name was later used for a twin-engine version of the LongRanger produced from 1994 to 1997. Development Bell has tried several incarnations of a twin-engine version of its successful Bell 206 series. The TwinRanger name dates back to the mid-1980s when Bell first considered developing a twin-engine version of the LongRanger. The Bell 400 TwinRanger featured a reprofiled fuselage, two Allison 250 turboshafts, the OH-58D Kiowa's four-bladed main rotor, and a new shrouded tail rotor. Bell also planned the single-engine 400A, and the 440 twin with a larger fuselage made possible by a high degree of composites. The Bell 400 first flew on April 4, 1984. Bell suspended development of the 400/440 family in the late 1980s as it felt unable to achieve a profitable production rate of 120 units a year. Successors After the success of Tridair's Gemini ST twin-engine conversions of the 206L in the early 1990s, Bell produced the equivalent Bell 206LT TwinRanger based on the 206L-4. Only 13 206LTs were built between 1994 and 1997. The 206LT was replaced in Bell's lineup by the Bell 427, a mostly-new development of the Bell 407, itself a four-bladed single-engine derivative of the 206L. Variants Bell 400 Bell 400A Projected model to be powered by one PW209T turboshaft of . Bell 440 Specifications (Bell 400) See also References External links Official Bell Helicopter website 1980s United States helicopters 1980s United States civil utility aircraft Twin-turbine helicopters Aircraft first flown in 1984 400 TwinRanger de:Bell 429", "title": "Bell 400 TwinRanger" }, { "docid": "68594852", "text": "Patricia Collins (born 1937) is a British-Canadian actress, prominently associated with the Stratford Festival. Life and career Collins was born and raised in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, England. She worked as a copywriter for the Simpson catalogue after immigrating to Canada in the 1950s, sold knitwear at a department shop, and performed occasional stage work to make ends meet. Beginning in 1963, she had various small parts in CBC Television anthology series such as Playdate and Festival before being cast in her breakthrough role as Marty, the wife of John Vernon's title character, in the drama series Wojeck. Her performances at Stratford included productions of King Lear (1985), A Comedy of Errors (1995), The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie (1998), The Night of the Iguana (1998), Pride and Prejudice (1999), Medea (2000), Tartuffe (2000), Present Laughter (2003), Gigi (2003), Anything Goes (2004), Guys and Dolls (2004), To Kill a Mockingbird (2007), Measure for Measure (2013), Mary Stuart (2013) and Christina, The Girl Queen (2014). Her roles for other theatre companies have included Factory Theatre's production of George F. Walker's Beautiful City in 1987, Necessary Angel's production of Howard Barker's The Europeans in 1990, Tarragon Theatre's production of Judith Thompson's White Biting Dog in 1994, and Canadian Stage's production of Stephen Sondheim's A Little Night Music in 1995. She appeared in the films Summer's Children, Bear Island, Nothing Personal, Phobia, Speaking Parts, Two Men, Where the Spirit Lives, The Adjuster and House, and the television series McQueen, The Whiteoaks of Jalna, King of Kensington, The Edison Twins, Street Legal, North of 60, Ready or Not, The Rez, This Is Wonderland, Heartland, and Murdoch Mysteries. She received a Genie Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress at the 1st Genie Awards in 1980 for Summer's Children. In television she was a Gemini Award nominee for Best Supporting Actress in a Drama Program or Series at the 4th Gemini Awards in 1989 for Two Men, and at the 13th Gemini Awards in 1998 for The Rez. She won Dora Mavor Moore Awards for Best Supporting Actress in 1990 for The Europeans, and Best Actress in 1994 for White Biting Dog. Personal life She married Bob Mitchell, graphic designer, artist and former jazz drummer. References External links 1937 births Living people 20th-century British actresses 20th-century Canadian actresses 21st-century British actresses 21st-century Canadian actresses British film actresses British musical theatre actresses British stage actresses British television actresses British emigrants to Canada Canadian film actresses Canadian musical theatre actresses Canadian stage actresses Canadian television actresses Canadian Shakespearean actresses Dora Mavor Moore Award winners Actresses from Newcastle upon Tyne Canadian Screen Award winning actors", "title": "Patricia Collins (actress)" }, { "docid": "22102122", "text": "DevonAir Radio was the Independent Local Radio station serving East Devon, Exeter and Torbay. History On 27 March 1978, the Independent Broadcasting Authority invited applicants for the licence to serve the Exeter and Torbay area. Three applicants came forward – Bay City Radio in Exeter, Radio Haldon Limited in Torquay and Riviera Radio in Paignton. The IBA awarded the licence to Radio Haldon Limited on 16 June 1979. The licensee name was changed to DevonAir Radio Limited on 4 October 1979. On 7 November 1980, DevonAir began broadcasting to Exeter and mid-Devon from its studios at St Davids Hill in the city. The first presenter on air was Bob Kingsley, who opened the station with its first song Here Comes the Sun by The Beatles. On 12 December 1980, the station opened new studios above a former ballroom and nightclub at Harbour Point in Torquay. DevonAir became the first twin radio station in the UK, hence the on air branding of Double DevonAir. In 1987, the station was acquired by London-based Capital Radio. In 1989, the Home Office granted permission for broadcasting on a new relay transmitter at Stockland Hill, allowing DevonAir's signal to be heard in East Devon, West Dorset and South Somerset. The relay broadcast on 103 FM from 4 July 1989, under the name of South West 103. In 1991, the Bristol-based GWR Group bought a stake in DevonAir meaning it was now part-owned by two large radio groups. The station was relaunched on 9 November 1992 as the New DevonAir FM with the slogan \"Devon's Better Music Station\" – a change which coincided with the departure of several presenters as a result of a change in format. DevonAir's broadcast licence went up for renewal in 1993 with two further groups bidding to take over – Gemini Radio (owned by Somerset-based Orchard Media) and Wild West Radio. The Radio Authority requested more time to make a decision on the licence award – Wild West Radio was ruled out of the final shortlist before on 8 October 1993, the authority announced that Gemini would takeover DevonAir's licence from 1 January 1995. The winning franchise had proposed to broadcast two separate services on the FM and medium wave frequencies while DevonAir proposed to continue with a sole service, claiming it had maintained a listenership of around 80,000 listeners because of simultaneous broadcasting. The station ended broadcasting at 1pm on 31 December 1994 following an hour-long retrospective programme presented by Paul Saunders. The last song played on DevonAir was The Sun Ain't Going to Shine Anymore by The Walker Brothers. Up until midnight on 1 January 1995, the station aired pre-recorded music leading up to the handover of Gemini FM. DevonAir's successor Gemini FM (later rebranded as Heart Exeter and Heart Torbay) continued to broadcast until 27 August 2010, when it was merged with four Heart Network stations in north & south Devon and the South Hams to form a single county-wide Heart station, broadcasting from Exeter and London. Notable", "title": "DevonAir" }, { "docid": "2313478", "text": "Spring Mill State Park is a state park in the state of Indiana. The park is located to the south of Bloomington, about east of the city of Mitchell on Indiana Highway 60. It contains a settler's village, the Gus Grissom Memorial (with the accompanying Gemini 3 space capsule), a nature center, and campgrounds. The park is located on the Mitchell Karst Plain, which allowed the park's caves and sinkholes to form in the limestone. The caves include Bronson Cave, Twin Caves, Shawnee Cave (Donaldson Cave), Hamer Cave, and others. A boat tour of Twin Caves is run by the Indiana Department of Natural Resources, which travels about into the cave. A portion of the park is virgin timber, protected in the Donaldson Woods Nature Preserve. The Mitchell Karst Plain Nature Preserve is notable for its large number of sinkholes, more than 1000 per square mile. Many of the park's features were constructed by the Civilian Conservation Corps in the 1930s, including the Spring Mill Inn, Spring Mill Lake, and most of the trails. The park attracts about 675,000 visitors annually. The park is 1 of 14 Indiana State Parks that are in the path of totality for the 2024 solar eclipse, with the park experiencing 3 minutes and 21 seconds of totality. Pioneer village A pioneer village can also be found in a valley in the park, featuring a historic watermill and nineteen other structures. A stream runs through the village, which is fed by a spring in Hamer Cave and powers the watermill. Heritage interpreters demonstrate crafts and skills from the 1860s. The Hamer Cemetery is located south of the village. The area, total, was purchased for the state park from a cement company for a single dollar. Constant flowing water allowed watermills to be erected anywhere. Restoration of the village was spearheaded by Richard Lieber and E.Y. Guernsey (employed by Indiana's Department of Conservation) in the late 1920s and early 1930s. Gus Grissom Memorial Also of interest is a memorial to Mitchell, Indiana-native, Gus Grissom, one of the original Mercury Seven astronauts, who died in the Apollo 1 accident. The memorial features the spacecraft from Grissom's Gemini 3 space flight, nicknamed by Grissom the Molly Brown (after the play The Unsinkable Molly Brown), as well as a short video about the life of Grissom, and artifacts such as a spacesuit, helmet, and many personal effects. Other A Nature Center is open from spring through fall and features live snakes, a bird-watching window, natural history displays, and a children's area. During the winter, a small Nature Nook is available instead at the Spring Mill Inn. The campground features 188 Class A campsites which include 30 amp electric service, a fire ring, and a picnic table for each site. Thirty-five primitive campsites and youth camping are also available. Four \"comfort stations\" are located in the campground, which includes modern plumbing, restrooms, and showers. A camp store is accessible from both inside and outside the campground. In popular culture The", "title": "Spring Mill State Park" }, { "docid": "5906448", "text": "Pollux b, also designated β Geminorum b (Latinized to Beta Geminorum b, abbreviated, β Gem b) and HD 62509 b, formally named Thestias , is an extrasolar planet approximately 34 light-years away in the constellation of Gemini (the Twins). This planet was discovered orbiting the star Pollux in 2006 by astronomer Artie P. Hatzes, confirming his hypothesis originally published in 1993. The planet has at least twice the mass of Jupiter. It moves around Pollux in 1.61 years at a distance of in a nearly circular orbit. Naming In July 2014 the International Astronomical Union launched NameExoWorlds, a process for giving proper names to certain exoplanets and their host stars. The process involved public nomination and voting for the new names. In December 2015, the IAU announced the winning name was Thestias for this planet. The winning name was based on that originally submitted by theSkyNet of Australia; namely Leda, Pollux's mother in Greek and Roman mythology. At the request of the IAU, 'Thestias' (the patronym of Leda, a daughter of Thestius) was substituted. This was because 'Leda' was already attributed to an asteroid and to one of Jupiter's satellites. See also Gemini in Chinese astronomy Cancer Minor (constellation) – Obsolete constellation inside modern Gemini Sudarsky's gas giant classification References External links Pollux (star) Gemini (constellation) Giant planets Exoplanets discovered in 2006 Exoplanets detected by radial velocity Exoplanets with proper names Leda (mythology)", "title": "Pollux b" }, { "docid": "20069448", "text": "Kenneth Steven Gord (born February 25, 1949) is a Canadian film and television producer. Early years Gord was born in Toronto, Ontario. His parents, Henry and Goldie Gord, were also native Torontonians and Ken was their middle child. Gord graduated from Bathurst Heights Secondary School and then enrolled in the Bachelor of Arts program at the University of Toronto but dropped out after completing the second of three years. He teamed up with two friends and began promoting rock concerts. On October 3, 1969, they successfully brought Johnny Winter to Massey Hall and on October 14, 1969, they brought The Who to the Canadian National Exhibition Colisseum to perform their rock opera Tommy. Other bands brought to Toronto included The Byrds and Pentangle. Film Gord became involved in the film industry in Toronto, Ontario in the early 1970s. He produced the ultra-low budget Dream On The Run in 1973 and was production manager on another no-budget Canadian feature Point of No Return. In 1977, he produced the low-budget sci-fi film Starship Invasions, which was distributed by Warner Bros. and in 1979, The High Country for Crown International. He continued to production manage and/or line produce other low-budget films and television shows. Some examples include Deadly Eyes, Loose Screws, Recruits, Busted Up, Mr. Nice Guy, The Housekeeper, The Edison Twins and The Brain, through the 1980s. In 1986, he was co-producer on Criminal Law, the first feature directed by Martin Campbell, starring Gary Oldman and Kevin Bacon. The movie was produced for Hemdale Film Corporation and distributed by Warner Bros. In 1988, he was the Canadian Executive in Charge of Production on the mini-series Day One, for CBS and Aaron Spelling Productions, which won an Emmy in 1989 for Best Drama Special. In 1991 and 1992, Gord produced two seasons of the CBS late-night crime show Tropical Heat (aka Sweating Bullets) in Puerto Vallarta, Mexico and Eilat, Israel. This led him to what he was perhaps best known for, as the producer of the hit syndicated series Highlander: The Series, which filmed six seasons through the 1990s. Mr. Gord was brought in at the beginning of Season 2 and stayed as the creative producer until the last episode was filmed in Paris in 1998. The series was nominated for a Canadian Gemini Award as Best Dramatic Series in 1996. Since then, he has produced other syndicated series, such as the Paris episodes of Relic Hunter and a season of Queen of Swords, shot in Almeria, Spain at Texas Hollywood. He has also produced over twenty mini-series and television movies for CBS, the Fox Network, UPN, Global Television Network, CTV, Lifetime Network, Paramount Television, Paxnet, Sat-1, Turner Broadcasting, and CLT-ufa. These included CBS's Daughter of Darkness, which starred Anthony Perkins and Model By Day, starring Famke Janssen. In 2006, he produced Eight Days to Live, which was the most successful in-house television movie ever broadcast on CTV, and also broke records on the Lifetime Network. It was nominated for a Canadian Gemini", "title": "Ken Gord" } ]	[ "Castor and Pollux" ]
train_45941	coaches who have won college and nfl championships	[ { "docid": "2517648", "text": "The Miami Hurricanes football team represents the University of Miami in college football. The Hurricanes compete in the NCAA's Division I Football Bowl Subdivision, the highest level of collegiate football in the nation. The team is a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference, one of the five Power Five conferences in college football. The program began in 1926. Since then, it has since won five AP national championships in 1983, 1987, 1989, 1991, and 2001. The Miami Hurricanes are among the most storied and decorated football programs in NCAA history. Miami is ranked fourth on the list of all-time Associated Press National Poll Championships, tied with USC and Ohio State and behind Alabama, Notre Dame, and Oklahoma. Two Hurricanes, Vinny Testaverde in 1986 and Gino Toretta in 1992, have won the Heisman Trophy. As of 2023, eight University of Miami players and four coaches have been inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame. Among players, Bennie Blades, Don Bosseler, Ted Hendricks, Russell Maryland, Ed Reed, Vinny Testaverde, Gino Torretta, and Arnold Tucker have been inducted. Coaches inducted include Dennis Erickson, Andy Gustafson, Jack Harding, and Jimmy Johnson. As of the end of the 2023 season, the Miami Hurricanes have a compiled record of 663–388–19 since the program's 1926 founding. In addition to its five national championships, the University of Miami has won nine conference championships and appeared in 42 major bowl games. The University of Miami also holds a number of NFL draft records, including most first-round selections in a single draft and most consecutive drafts with at least one first-round selection. As of 2024, at least one University of Miami player has been selected in 49 consecutive NFL drafts, dating back to 1975, and 358 Miami Hurricanes have been selected in the NFL Draft overall, the 13th-most among all college football programs. Among all colleges and universities, as of 2022, the University of Miami holds the all-time record for the most defensive linemen (49) and is tied with USC for the most wide receivers (40) to go on to play in the NFL. As of 2024, eleven Miami Hurricanes have been inducted into the NFL's Pro Football Hall of Fame: Jim Otto in 1980, Ted Hendricks in 1990, Jim Kelly in 2002, Michael Irvin in 2007, Cortez Kennedy in 2012, Warren Sapp in 2013, Ray Lewis in 2018, Ed Reed in 2019, Edgerrin James in 2020, and Devin Hester and Andre Johnson in 2024. Since 2008, the University of Miami has played its home games at Hard Rock Stadium in Miami Gardens, roughly north of the university's primary campus in Coral Gables. Prior to 2008, from 1937 until 2007, Miami played their home games at the Miami Orange Bowl in the Little Havana section of Miami, which was demolished in 2008 after 71 years of use by the NFL's Miami Dolphins, the Hurricanes, and for other athletic and entertainment purposes. In December 2021, the University of Miami announced the appointment of Mario Cristobal as the team's new coach.", "title": "Miami Hurricanes football" }, { "docid": "60261006", "text": "Joseph Brodsky (June 9, 1934 – May 25, 2006) was an American football coach. He won three Super Bowls with the Dallas Cowboys of the National Football League (NFL) and two national championships at the University of Miami. He played college football at the University of Florida. Early years Brodsky attended Miami Jackson High School, where he practiced football, basketball and baseball. As a senior, he was a fullback in the first Miami Jackson team to defeat Miami High School in 27 years. He was a teammate of Lee Corso, who would become a college head coach and sportcaster. He graduated in 1952 and received All-state honors. College career Brodsky accepted a football scholarship from the University of Florida, where he was a two-way player at fullback and linebacker. As a sophomore, he was the team's leading rusher with 82 carries for 378 yards (4.6-yard avg.). He also had 2 receptions for 11 yards, one touchdown and one kickoff return for 13 yards. He was a defensive line backup. As a junior, he was limited with injuries and only played in 7 games, registering 24 carries for 92 yards (3.6-yard avg.). As a senior, he didn't register any rushing stat, but he had 5 interceptions and set 3 individual school records for interceptions. In the season opener against Mississippi State University, he intercepted 3 passes and returned them for an NCAA record 162 yards. He set a school record with most yards returned from pass interceptions in a single-season (244 yards). He also practiced track and lettered four years in both sports. In 2002, he was inducted into the University of Florida Athletic Hall of Fame. Professional career Brodsky was selected by the Washington Redskins in the 16th round (189th overall) of the 1957 NFL Draft. He instead opted to sign a contract with the Winnipeg Blue Bombers to play professional football in Canada. He was waived before the start of the season. Coaching career In 1965, he began his coaching career in Miami Jackson High School, helping turn around the team's record. In 1971, he helped to launch the football program in Hialeah-Miami Lakes High School, where he coached his 2 sons, became one of the most successful South Florida head coaches and won a State Championship in 1975. Future NFL assistant coaches Joe Avezzano and Jerry Sullivan were some of his players. In 1978, he joined Lou Saban's coaching staff at the University of Miami as the running back coach. He was a part of the 1983 National Championship team under head coach Howard Schnellenberger. He was a part of the 1987 National Championship team under head coach Jimmy Johnson. He also helped to develop players like: Ottis Anderson, Albert Bentley, Keith Griffin, Alonzo Highsmith, Warren Williams, Cleveland Gary, Melvin Bratton and Leonard Conley. In 1989, he followed head coach Jimmy Johnson and joined the Dallas Cowboys coaching staff as the running back coach. He helped to develop Pro Football Hall of Famer and the NFL's All-time leading", "title": "Joe Brodsky" } ]	[ { "docid": "10784367", "text": "John Thomas \"Sandy\" Sandusky, Jr. (December 28, 1925 – March 5, 2006) was an American football player and coach. He played seven seasons as an offensive and defensive tackle in the National Football League (NFL) during the 1950s for the Cleveland Browns and the Green Bay Packers before starting a 36-year career as an assistant coach. He was head coach of the Baltimore Colts for part of the 1972 season. Sandusky grew up in Philadelphia and attended the nearby Villanova University. He played tackle on Villanova's football team and was named a first-team All-American in 1949, his senior year. The Browns selected him in the second round of the 1950 NFL Draft. Sandusky played six seasons for the Browns, who won NFL championships in 1950, 1954 and 1955 behind an offense that featured quarterback Otto Graham and end Dante Lavelli. He spent the 1956 season with the Packers before ending his playing career. Sandusky started coaching at Villanova for two years before being hired as an assistant with the Baltimore Colts in 1959. He spent 13 seasons in Baltimore overseeing the offensive and defensive lines under head coaches Weeb Ewbank, Don Shula and Don McCafferty. Led by quarterback Johnny Unitas, the Colts won an NFL championship in 1959 and beat the Dallas Cowboys to win Super Bowl V in 1970. When McCafferty was fired midway through the 1972 season, Sandusky replaced him as head coach. Sandusky himself was fired after the season, however, and went on to spend three years as an assistant for the Philadelphia Eagles, followed by 19 seasons with the Miami Dolphins under Shula. His son Gerry is a radio broadcaster in Baltimore and calls Baltimore Ravens games. Early life and college Sandusky, who was of Polish and Irish heritage, grew up in South Philadelphia and attended South Philadelphia High School. After graduating in 1945, and serving his country in World War II, he enrolled at Villanova University outside of Philadelphia, where he was a starting tackle for four years. Villanova had winning records in each year Sandusky played there between 1946 and 1949 under head coaches Jordan Olivar and Jim Leonard. The team won the Harbor Bowl after the 1948 season. Sandusky was named a first-team All-American by the New York Sun in 1949, his senior year. Professional career The Cleveland Browns of the National Football League (NFL) selected Sandusky in the second round of the 1950 draft. He played mostly as a defensive tackle early in his career, but also worked on offense following the retirement of Lou Rymkus in 1952. Led by a strong defense and an offense that featured quarterback Otto Graham and end Dante Lavelli, the Browns advanced to the NFL championship in each of Sandusky's six seasons with the team. The team beat the Los Angeles Rams to win the championship in 1950, but lost the ensuing three championship games to the Rams and twice to the Detroit Lions. Cleveland beat the Lions to win the title in 1954, however, and", "title": "John Sandusky" }, { "docid": "66463964", "text": "Jennifer King (born August 6, 1984) is an American football coach who is an offensive assistant for the Chicago Bears of the National Football League (NFL). She is best known for being the first black woman to be a full-time NFL coach upon being named assistant running backs coach for the Washington Commanders in 2021. A former two-sport athlete at Guilford College, King has also coached women's college basketball and for the NFL's Carolina Panthers. Early life and college King was born August 6, 1984, in Eden, North Carolina, and was raised in Reidsville, North Carolina. She attended Guilford College, where she played college basketball and softball, before graduating with a degree in sports management in 2006. She played in the Women's Football Alliance (WFA) as a quarterback and wide receiver for the Carolina Phoenix from 2006 to 2017, a defensive back and wide receiver for the New York Sharks in 2018, and safety for the D.C. Divas in 2019. She was a part of the Sharks team that won the 2018 WFA Division II Championship. She later attended Liberty University in the mid-2010s and graduated with a Master of Science degree in sports management. Coaching career Basketball King was an assistant coach at Greensboro College from 2006 to 2016, where the program compiled a 182–63 record, 5 regular season championships, 2 conference tournament championships, and four NCAA tournament appearances. She was hired as the women's basketball head coach at Johnson & Wales University in North Carolina, where she turned around a program that had existed for only two years prior into a national champion within two seasons. American football King was one of 40 women to attend the NFL's Women's Forum in 2018, where she met then-Carolina Panthers head coach Ron Rivera and expressed her interest in working with in the NFL. She was hired as an intern by the Panthers later that year, where she assisting in coaching their wide receivers. She got her first full-time coaching gig in 2018 as an assistant wide receivers and special teams coach for the Arizona Hotshots of the Alliance of American Football (AAF). After the AAF folded in 2019, King was once again brought on as an intern for the Panthers, this time working with the running backs. King was also named an offensive assistant at Dartmouth for the 2019 season. While there, she was awarded one of the three inaugural grants of the Scott Pioli & Family Fund for Women Football Coaches & Scouts, given to female football coaches and scouts to provide financial assistance. She interned once more as a coach with the Washington Football Team in 2020, working once again under Rivera who joined Washington that season. She was promoted to assistant running backs coach the following year, making her the first black woman to become a full-time coach in NFL history. King served as the running backs coach for the West team in the 2022 East–West Shrine Bowl. She was hired by the Chicago Bears as an", "title": "Jennifer King" }, { "docid": "1497619", "text": "Douglas Leon Atkins (May 8, 1930 – December 30, 2015) was an American football defensive end who played for the Cleveland Browns, the Chicago Bears, and the New Orleans Saints in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Tennessee Volunteers under head coach Robert Neyland. He is a member of the College Football Hall of Fame and the Pro Football Hall of Fame. Atkins was also drafted to the NBA in the 17th round by the Minneapolis Lakers in the 1953 NBA draft. Atkins was a fierce defender who was known for using his immense size and agility to his advantage. At , Atkins often batted passes down at the line of scrimmage and used his skills as a high jump champion to leapfrog blockers and get to the quarterback. Atkins was one of the first great exclusively defensive players in professional football and, along with fellow Hall of Famer Gino Marchetti, revolutionized the defensive end position. Amateur career Atkins was born May 8, 1930, in Humboldt, Tennessee. He attended Humboldt High School and played for the school's basketball team, which won the state championship in 1949 with an undefeated record. He enrolled at the University of Tennessee to play for the Tennessee Volunteers of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) on a basketball scholarship, but once American football head coach Robert Neyland saw his combination of size and agility, he was recruited for the football team. Atkins played on the 1951 Tennessee Volunteers football team that won the national championship. He earned All-America honors in 1952. Atkins is one of the few players in Tennessee history to have his number retired. He was considered one of the, if not the, most dominant defensive players in SEC history. Atkins was the only unanimous selection to the SEC All Quarter-Century team and was selected as the overall SEC \"Player of the Quarter-Century\" for the years 1950 to 1975. At Tennessee, Atkins also lettered in three seasons in track and field and one season in basketball. He finished runner-up in the high jump at the 1952 Southeastern Conference championships with a mark of 6' 6\" (1.98m) which placed him 25th in the world that year. Professional career The Cleveland Browns selected Atkins in the first round with the 11th overall selection in the 1953 NFL draft. He played his first two seasons in the NFL with the Browns, winning the NFL Eastern Conference in 1953, and the NFL Championship in 1954. The Browns traded Atkins and Ken Gorgal to the Chicago Bears for a third-round and a sixth-round pick in the 1956 NFL draft. According to Pat Summerall, Atkins was traded by Paul Brown for burping out loud in a team meeting. In Chicago, Atkins quickly became the leader of a devastating defensive unit. With the Bears, Atkins was a First-team All-Pro selection in 1958, 1960, 1961, and 1963, along with being a starter in the Pro Bowl in eight of his last nine years with Chicago. Atkins' reputation of", "title": "Doug Atkins" }, { "docid": "20992338", "text": "Richard Harvie Rauch (July 15, 1893 – October 9, 1970) was an American football player and coach. Rauch attended Pennsylvania State University. He was a player-coach for the Boston Bulldogs, New York Yankees and the Maroons over the course of his five-year career. Rauch made his professional debut in the National Football League (NFL) in 1925 with the Pottsville Maroons. He was also the first NFL coach to institute daily practices. Early career Born in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, Rauch attended high school at Harrisburg Tech in 1906. He did not make the football team until his senior year, in 1909. He played center on that team. After high school, he went to work in the Pennsylvania Steel Mills outside of Harrisburg for six years. Rauch decided to continue his education. In 1916 he entered Bethlehem Prep, located in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, to brush up his mathematics and obtain sufficient credits to enter Penn State. At Bethlehem Prep, Rauch lettered in three sports, football, basketball and track. Penn State and the Army In 1916 Rauch entered State College and he soon captained and played tight end on the school's freshman team. By 1917 he made the varsity team and played the entire season at end. At the end of the 1917 season Rauch joined the U.S. Army and was placed in the ordinance department and was stationed in Virginia. He was discharged from the Army in August 1919, and returned to Penn State. By that time Rauch started at center, and then was put in at offensive guard. His place at center was taken by Larry Conover. Rauch continued to play guard his senior year in 1920, with the exception of the last four games when he was shifted to offensive tackle. After graduating Penn State retained him as assistant coach in 1921. He excelled in scouting. He performed the scouting duties for every college he served. Colgate In 1923, Rauch went to Colgate University as the team's offensive line coach. Colgate soon gave him a contract for the following year in 1924. However, he accepted an offer by the Pottsville Maroons as serve as head coach of their professional football team. Pro football Maroons owner Dr. John Striegel hired Rauch, because he was a protégé of the strict discipline philosophy instituted by Penn State coach, Hugo Bezdek. During Rauch's first season with the Maroons, the team won the Anthracite League championship. The very next season the Maroon joined the NFL, and in just their first year in league, the franchise won the NFL championship before having it stripped away from them by the league in a controversial move. The next season Rauch's Maroon completed a 10-2-1 record and captured third place in the NFL standings. However, after a 5–8 record in 1927, Rauch left the team to coach the New York Yankees. Following a 4–8 record with the Yankees during the 1928 season, Rauch returned to the Maroons franchise which had just been sold to a group of New Englanders who move", "title": "Dick Rauch" }, { "docid": "39618300", "text": "Through the end of the 2021–2022 season in professional football, only thirteen coaches have won 200 career regular season victories. An additional four coaches achieved 200 total wins, but fell short of the milestone in the regular season prior to retiring. Coaches listed in bold are currently active. Key Coaches with 200 regular season wins Retired coaches with 200 total wins (including post-season) This list reflects retired coaches that had accomplished 200 total wins, including the post-season, but failed to reach the 200 wins milestone in the regular season prior to retiring. Through the end of the 2022 season, only four former coaches have achieved this. Other facts Each coach has won at least one NFL Championship, Grey Cup, or Super Bowl, except Marty Schottenheimer, who had never even appeared in any. Despite not winning any championships in the NFL, Schottenheimer did win the UFL Championship in 2011, coaching the Virginia Destroyers; he also won an AFL Championship (pre-merger) in 1965 as a player with the Buffalo Bills. Schottenheimer also remains the only non-active coach not inducted into any Hall of Fame, excluding Kurtiss Riggs and Kevin Guy who have only coached indoor American football. Between the Indoor Football League, United Indoor Football (which merged with another league to form the IFL), and National Indoor Football League with the Sioux Falls Storm Riggs has won eleven championships and appeared in fifteen. This includes a six season championship win streak and ten season appearance streak. The Storm achieved a 40 consecutive game wins streak with Riggs as the head coach, including four undefeated seasons. Riggs also had five wins officially fortified from the team's record due to insurance violations in 2009. Since 2021, he has been inducted into the Indoor Football League Hall of Fame while still actively coaching. Kevin Guy has been one of the most prolific coaches in the Indoor Football League, af2, and Arena Football League. As a head coach he has won four league titles, three ArenaBowls and one United Bowl. He also was inducted into the af2 Hall of Fame and was a finalist for the Arena Football Hall of Fame before the league folded. There have been nine NFL coaches who have won 200 total games, this excludes Bud Grant and Paul Brown due to their total wins included from other professional leagues. The two coaches who have won 200 total games, but not 200 regular season games, are Chuck Noll and Dan Reeves. Noll only coached the Pittsburgh Steelers (1969 to 1991), winning four Super Bowls and having a prolific Hall of Fame career. He had 193 total wins in the regular season with 209 wins, 156 losses, and one tie overall (.572). In the regular season Reeves had 190 wins; however, in total he had 201 wins, 174 losses, and two ties (.535). Despite not having 200 career regular season wins as a head coach, Reeves coached in four Super Bowls, losing all of them. He did, however, play and coach as an", "title": "List of professional gridiron football coaches with 200 wins" }, { "docid": "29437010", "text": "The Southern Connecticut Owls (also Southern Connecticut State Owls, Southern Connecticut State College Owls, and SCSU Owls) are the athletic teams that represent Southern Connecticut State University, located in New Haven, Connecticut, in NCAA Division II intercollegiate sports. The Owls' 17 athletic teams, seven for men and 10 for women, compete as members of either the Northeast-10 Conference or the Eastern College Athletic Conference. SCSU has been a member of the NE-10 since 2000. There have been 10 NCAA National Championship Teams at Southern, as well as 75 NCAA Individual Champions in the sports of Track and Field, Swimming and Gymnastics. Sports sponsored Soccer SCSU's men's soccer team won titles in 1987, 1990, 1992, 1995, 1998, 1999. The six titles are the most for any Division II men's soccer team in the country. The program has appeared in 32 NCAA Division II Tournaments, 17 NCAA Final Four appearances, and has produced 52 All-Americans, 15 Senior Bowl Players, 4 National Player of the Year Award Winners, and 1 Golden Boot Award (Top Goalkeeper in any NCAA Division) winner. Basketball On March 24, 2007, the women's basketball team won the NCAA Division II championships. In a 61–45 victory, SCSU beat the previously undefeated Florida Gulf Coast. Gymnastics The street circle in front of the Moore Fieldhouse is named in honor of former Olympian Abie Grossfeld, former head gymnastics coach at the university. Swimming The swimming and diving team scored their highest at the NCAA championship meet in March for the years 2007 and 2008. Football Elm City rivalry SCSU's football program has produced coaches and players who went on to the National Football League. Alumni in the NFL Active Coaches Jeff Stoutland — Linebackers coach (1984-1985), Offensive coordinator (1988-1992) Tim Holt — Tight ends coach & Assistant offensive line coach (1995-1996), Running backs coach (2005-2007) Former Coaches Kevin Gilbride — Quarterback and Tight end, Head coach (1980-1984) Chris Palmer — Quarterback (1969-1971) Nick Nicolau — Running back (1957-1959), Assistant coach (1960) Former NFL Players Scott Mersereau — Defensive tackle for the New York Jets (1987-1993) Volleyball SCSU's volleyball program had its most successful seasons in 2017–18 and in 2018–19. The Owls had their first National Tournament berth in 2017 with a record of 24–11. They ended their campaign in the second round of the National Tournament when they lost to New Haven. In 2018, the Owls won their first-ever NE-10 Conference Title against American International College. The Owls then had their second berth into the National Tournament, bust lost in the first round. National championships The Owls have won ten NCAA team national championships. Team References External links", "title": "Southern Connecticut Owls" }, { "docid": "9464264", "text": "Thomas Laverne James, Jr. (September 16, 1923 – February 7, 2007) was an American football defensive back and punter who played for Ohio State University and the Cleveland Browns in the 1940s and 1950s. He was born in Canton, Ohio and attended Massillon Washington High School, where he played as a back on the football team under head coach Paul Brown. James was a key part of a Massillon team that went undefeated in 1940. After graduating, he followed Brown to Ohio State and played there as a halfback. Ohio State won its first national championship in 1942 when James was on the team. After a three-year stint in the U.S. Army during World War II, James returned to play a final season at Ohio State in 1946. He then signed with the Detroit Lions of the National Football League (NFL), where he stayed for a year before rejoining Brown, who had become head coach of the Cleveland Browns in the All-America Football Conference (AAFC). James spent eight seasons in Cleveland, playing as a defensive halfback on five championship teams, including two in the AAFC in the late 1940s and three in the NFL in the 1950s. He left football after playing briefly for the Baltimore Colts in 1956. Later in life, he worked as a salesman at a trucking company. He died in 2007. High school and college James grew up in Genoa, a small community in between Canton, Ohio and Massillon, Ohio. The oldest of five children, one of his younger brothers included Don James, a Hall of Fame coach for Kent State and the University of Washington. He attended grammar school there through the eighth grade, but the town did not have a high school and students could choose to attend either Massillon Washington High School or the rival Canton McKinley High School. James at first decided to attend Canton, but Bud Houghton, an assistant coach of Massillon's football team, saw him playing in an informal scrimmage on a street corner and convinced him to come to Massillon. He played football there for three years under head coach Paul Brown. Playing as a back, James was part of a Massillon team that went undefeated in 1940. He scored a touchdown in a 28–0 victory over Toledo's Waite High School, the biggest game of the year; Massillon came into the matchup having won 30 games in a row, while Waite had won 18 straight. James attended Ohio State University starting in 1941, the same year Brown was hired as the school's head football coach. He played on the freshman team in his first year, moving to the varsity team in 1942. Ohio State finished the season with a 9–1 win–loss record and won its first-ever college football national championship. James, who played as a halfback, was injured in a late-season game against the University of Illinois. This caused him to miss Ohio State's annual game against arch-rival Michigan, but he returned for the final game of the season", "title": "Tommy James (American football)" }, { "docid": "407078", "text": "Otto Everett Graham Jr. (December 6, 1921 – December 17, 2003) was an American professional football quarterback who played for the Cleveland Browns in the All-America Football Conference (AAFC) and National Football League (NFL) for 10 seasons. Graham is regarded by critics as one of the most dominant players of his era and one of the greatest quarterbacks of all time, having taken the Browns to league championship games every year between 1946 and 1955, making ten championship appearances, and winning seven of them. With Graham at quarterback, the Browns posted a record of 105 wins, 17 losses, and 4 ties, including a 9–3 win–loss record in the AAFC and NFL playoffs. He holds the NFL record for career average yards gained per pass attempt, with 8.63. He also holds the record for the highest career winning percentage for an NFL starting quarterback, at 81.0%. Long-time New York Yankees owner George Steinbrenner, a friend of Graham's, once called him \"as great of a quarterback as there ever was.\" Graham grew up in Waukegan, Illinois, the son of music teachers. He entered Northwestern University in 1940 on a basketball scholarship, but football soon became his main sport. After a brief stint in the military at the end of World War II, Graham played for the Rochester Royals of the National Basketball League (NBL), winning the 1945–46 championship. Paul Brown, Cleveland's coach, signed Graham to play for the Browns, where he thrived. Graham's 1946 NBL and AAFC titles made him the first of only two people to have won championships in two of the four major North American sports (the second was Gene Conley). After he retired from playing football in 1955, Graham coached college teams in the College All-Star Game and became head football coach for the Coast Guard Bears at the United States Coast Guard Academy. After seven years there, he was hired as head coach of the Washington Redskins in 1966. Following three unsuccessful years with them, he resigned and returned to the Coast Guard Academy, where he served as athletic director until his retirement in 1984. He was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1965. Early life and college career Born into a family of four boys in Waukegan, Illinois, Graham set a first state record at birth weighing 14 lbs 12 oz. Graham's first interest growing up was music; both parents were music teachers. Encouraged by his parents—his father having taught famous comedian Jack Benny— he took up several instruments: the piano, violin, cornet and French horn. Graham also excelled in athletics, and attended Northwestern University on a basketball scholarship in 1940. There he played on the varsity basketball team as a freshman and continued to study music. Graham did not take up football until his sophomore year, when Northwestern coach Pappy Waldorf saw him throwing in an intramural game and invited him to practice with the team. Northwestern's coaches were impressed with his running and passing, and Waldorf convinced him to sign up.", "title": "Otto Graham" }, { "docid": "4141247", "text": "Micheal Colvin Barrow (born April 19, 1970) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker for 12 seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Miami Hurricanes, earning consensus All-American honors. He was selected by the Houston Oilers in the second round of the 1993 NFL Draft, and also played professionally for the Carolina Panthers, New York Giants and Dallas Cowboys of the NFL. Early years Barrow was born in Homestead, Florida. He attended Homestead High School, and played high school football for the Homestead Broncos. College career While attending the University of Miami, Barrow played for the Miami Hurricanes football team from 1989 to 1992. The Hurricanes were consensus national champions twice during Barrow's college career (1989, 1991), and played for a third national championship (1992). As a senior in 1992, he was recognized as a consensus first-team All-American. Professional career The Houston Oilers selected Barrow in the second round (47th overall pick) in the 1993 NFL Draft. He played for the Oilers from to . In thirteen NFL seasons, Barrow also played for the Carolina Panthers, New York Giants, Washington Redskins and Dallas Cowboys. While playing for the New York Giants in the 2003 season, he led the NFC with 150 tackles. He finished his career with 1,125 tackles and 43 sacks. Coaching High school After retiring from the NFL, Barrow got his start in coaching at his alma mater, Homestead High School, as the Assistant Head Coach and defensive coordinator for the 2006 season. College Barrow was the Linebackers Coach and Special Teams Coordinator at his alma mater, the University of Miami, where he won two national championships as a player. He entered his 7th year on the Hurricanes' coaching staff going into the 2013 season. He was originally hired by former Miami Head Coach Randy Shannon in 2007, and was retained on staff by current Head Coach Al Golden when Golden was hired in 2010. Professional Barrow was named the Linebackers Coach for the Seattle Seahawks on February 9, 2015. Personal life Barrow has four children: Mikenzi, Kaleb, John Michael, and Michael. References External links Miami Hurricanes bio The 50 Greatest Miami Hurricanes 1970 births Living people All-American college football players American football linebackers Carolina Panthers players Dallas Cowboys players Houston Oilers players USC Trojans football coaches Miami Hurricanes football coaches Miami Hurricanes football players New York Giants players Seattle Seahawks coaches People from Homestead, Florida Players of American football from Miami-Dade County, Florida Washington Redskins players", "title": "Micheal Barrow" }, { "docid": "1494044", "text": "Alvis Forrest Gregg (October 18, 1933 – April 12, 2019) was an American professional football player and coach. A Pro Football Hall of Fame offensive tackle for 16 seasons in the National Football League (NFL), he was a part of six NFL championships, five of them with the Green Bay Packers before closing out his tenure with the Dallas Cowboys with a win in Super Bowl VI. Gregg was later the head coach of three NFL teams (Cleveland Browns, Cincinnati Bengals, and Green Bay Packers), as well as two Canadian Football League (CFL) teams (Toronto Argonauts and Shreveport Pirates). He was also a college football coach for the SMU Mustangs. As a head coach, he led the 1981 Bengals to the Super Bowl, where they lost to the San Francisco 49ers, 26–21. Early life and college career Born in October 18, 1933 in Birthright, Texas, Gregg attended Sulphur Springs High School in Sulphur Springs and played college football at Southern Methodist University in Dallas. Playing on both the offensive and defensive line at SMU, Gregg earned All-Southwest Conference honors in his final two seasons. Playing career Gregg was a key player in the Packers dynasty of head coach Vince Lombardi that won five NFL championships and the first two Super Bowls. He played mostly at right tackle, but also filled in at guard. He earned an \"iron man\" tag by playing in a then-league record 188 consecutive games in 16 seasons from 1956 until 1971. He also won All-NFL honors for eight straight years from 1960 through 1967 and nine Pro Bowl selections. Gregg closed his career with the Dallas Cowboys, as did his Packer teammate, cornerback Herb Adderley. They both helped the Cowboys win Super Bowl VI in January 1972, making them the only players (along with former teammate Fuzzy Thurston, who was on the Baltimore Colts NFL championship team in 1958 and Tom Brady of the New England Patriots and Tampa Bay Buccaneers) in professional football history to play on six NFL title teams. Gregg wore the number 75 for 15 seasons in Green Bay, but that number belonged to Jethro Pugh in Dallas, so Gregg wore number 79 for his final season in 1971. It has been reported that Vince Lombardi said, \"Forrest Gregg is the finest player I ever coached!\" but official Packers team historian Cliff Christl can find no evidence of Lombardi ever saying or writing that. In 1999, he was ranked 28th on The Sporting News list of the 100 Greatest Football Players, putting him second behind Ray Nitschke among players coached by Lombardi, second behind Anthony Muñoz (whom he coached) among offensive tackles, and fourth behind Munoz, John Hannah, and Jim Parker among all offensive linemen. He was inducted into the Green Bay Packers Hall of Fame in 1977. Coaching career After serving as an assistant with the San Diego Chargers in 1973, he took a similar position the following year with the Browns. After head coach Nick Skorich was dismissed after the", "title": "Forrest Gregg" }, { "docid": "35816318", "text": "Francis Stanley \"Monk\" Maznicki (July 19, 1920 – December 14, 2013) was an American football halfback who played three seasons with the Chicago Bears and Boston Yanks. He played college football at Boston College. Early life and college career Maznicki was born on July 19, 1920, in West Warwick, Rhode Island. He played high school football for West Warwick High School's team and quickly became a stand-out football player. He played college football for Boston College and was an All-American running back during his time there. His NFL career was interrupted by World War II and he served as a Navy pilot for three years before he returned to the Chicago Bears. Professional career Chicago Bears After a standout career at Boston College, Maznicki was drafted by the Chicago Bears in the 8th round of the 1942 NFL Draft. Maznicki played halfback, defensive back, and placekicker during his time with the Bears. In 1942, Maznicki made the Pro Bowl with the Bears and helped lead them to an 11–0 record. After he returned from his stint with the Navy, Maznicki returned to the Bears and won the 1946 NFL Championship Game. Boston Yanks In 1947, Maznicki joined the Boston Yanks, and after that season he retired. NFL career statistics Regular season Postseason Later life and coaching career After Maznicki retired from the NFL in 1947, he returned to West Warwick and became a long-time coach for the school's football team. He retired in 1984 after finishing his career with an overall record of 223–62–9 alongside fifteen state championships. He died in West Warwick on December 14, 2013, the year West Warwick won the state championship. West Warwick High School's football field is named in honor of Maznicki. He was inducted into the Boston College Varsity Club Hall of Fame in 1971. He was also inducted into the Rhode Island Heritage Hall of Fame in 1974. Head coaching record References External links 1920 births 2013 deaths American football halfbacks American people of Polish descent Boston College Eagles football players Boston Yanks players Chicago Bears players High school football coaches in Rhode Island Iowa Pre-Flight Seahawks football players West Warwick High School alumni Coaches of American football from Rhode Island People from West Warwick, Rhode Island Players of American football from Rhode Island", "title": "Frank Maznicki" }, { "docid": "2564943", "text": "John Alexander Robinson (born July 25, 1935) is an American former football coach best known for his two stints as head coach of the University of Southern California (USC) football team (1976–1982, 1993–1997) and for his tenure as head coach of the NFL's Los Angeles Rams (1983–1991). Robinson's USC teams won four Rose Bowls and captured a share of the national championship in the 1978 season. Robinson is one of the few college football head coaches to have non-consecutive tenure at the same school. In 2009, he was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame. Early life John Alexander Robinson was born on July 25, 1935, in Chicago, Illinois. He moved to Provo, Utah at six, and then to Daly City, California at nine, where he attended Catholic parochial school with future Pro Football Hall of Famer John Madden, at Our Lady of Perpetual Help, graduating in 1950, and Junípero Serra High School graduating in 1954. College career Robinson attended the University of Oregon, where he played Tight End on Oregon's 1958 Rose Bowl team. Coaching career Oregon Robinson began his coaching career at the University of Oregon, his alma mater, where he served as an assistant coach under Len Casanova and Jerry Frei from 1960 to 1971. USC Robinson then served as USC's offensive coordinator from 1972 to 1974 under head coach John McKay, who had been an assistant coach at Oregon when Robinson played there. During this three-year stretch, the Trojans went 31–3–2, winning three Pac-8 Conference titles and appearing in three Rose Bowls (winning two of them) with a pair of national championships. Oakland Raiders Robinson then left USC to serve as the Oakland Raiders' running backs coach in 1975, rejoining Madden, who was by then Oakland's head coach. That season, the Raiders went 11–3 and reached the AFC Championship Game, where they lost 16–10 to the Pittsburgh Steelers. USC In 1976, when John McKay left USC to coach the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Robinson was named to succeed him. Robinson would coach at USC from 1976 to 1982, during which he led the Trojans to three conference titles and five bowl games. He won the Rose Bowl in 1977, 1979, and 1980 and USC earned a national championship in 1979. Following the 1982 season, Robinson stepped down as head coach with a record of 67–14–2 over seven seasons. Los Angeles Rams Hired to replace Ray Malavasi prior to the 1983 NFL season, John Robinson is considered one of the more successful coaches in Rams history, leading the franchise to the playoffs in six of his first seven seasons and twice reaching the NFC Championship Game. Both of those contests ended in defeat against eventual Super Bowl champions, the 1985 Chicago Bears and the 1989 San Francisco 49ers. Robinson's tenure as Rams coach was made more difficult by the fact that the Rams played in the same division as the 49ers, the dominant team of the 1980s (the only time he won the NFC West title during", "title": "John Robinson (American football coach)" }, { "docid": "272951", "text": "James Edward Finks (August 31, 1927 – May 8, 1994) was an American football and Canadian football player, coach, and executive. Early life and playing career Finks was born in St. Louis, Missouri, attended high school in Salem, Illinois, and attended college at the University of Tulsa. After being selected as a 12th-round pick of the Pittsburgh Steelers in the 1949 NFL draft, he played for several years as a defensive back and quarterback, retiring after the 1955 season. He was also drafted by the Cincinnati Reds in 1948 to play catcher and accepted that position before moving to the Pittsburgh Steelers to play football. College coaching and CFL career Finks served as an assistant coach under Terry Brennan at the University of Notre Dame in 1956, after which he went on to the Calgary Stampeders of the Canadian Football League, where he served as a player/coach before becoming the general manager on October 31, 1957. Finks turned the Stampeders into a winning team. He signed many of the players that made Calgary the winningest team in the CFL during the 1960s, though the team did not win a Grey Cup title until 1971. He also signed quarterback Joe Kapp, who would also later play under Finks in the NFL. NFL front office career In 1964, Finks was named the general manager of the Minnesota Vikings. In 1968, Minnesota won its first NFL Central Division Championship, marking the start of a dynasty that produced 11 division championship teams and four Super Bowl appearances in the following 14 years. In 1969, the Vikings won 12 of 14 games and claimed the NFL championship before losing to the American Football League's Kansas City Chiefs 23–7 in Super Bowl IV. The Vikings team that Finks put together was powered by a dynamic defensive front four, popularly known as The \"Purple People Eaters\". The first member of the unit, defensive end Jim Marshall, came to the Vikings in a 1961 trade before Finks arrived. In 1964, the new general manager added two potential stars to the line: end Carl Eller as a first-round pick in the NFL Draft, and tackle Gary Larsen in a trade. He completed \"The Purple People Eaters\" in 1967 by picking Alan Page in the draft. In 1967, Norm Van Brocklin resigned as head coach and Finks immediately hired Bud Grant, who had been a successful coach of the Winnipeg Blue Bombers of the CFL for 10 seasons. That year, Finks also brought in a new quarterback, Joe Kapp, from the CFL. Kapp had played for the Calgary Stampeders when Finks was its general manager. During the 1969 NFL championship season, Kapp passed for a record seven touchdowns against the Baltimore Colts and was a major contributor to his team's success. In 1972, Finks made another daring trade with the New York Giants, this time to bring back Fran Tarkenton, the quarterback he had traded in 1967. In 1973, the Vikings defeated the Dallas Cowboys for the NFC championship but", "title": "Jim Finks" }, { "docid": "32118697", "text": "The University of Wisconsin–La Crosse Eagles (casually known as the UW–La Crosse Eagles) are the athletic teams of the University of Wisconsin–La Crosse. The Eagles athletic teams compete in at the NCAA Division III as a member of the Wisconsin Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (WIAC). Wisconsin–La Crosse's teams were known as the Indians from 1937 to 1989. The name was changed because of concerns of racial insensitivity regarding Native Americans; see Native American mascot controversy. National championships Team Asterisk indicates a shared championship Individual teams Football The Eagles football team plays its home games at Veterans Memorial Stadium. The football program has won three national titles: the NAIA Division II Football National Championship in 1985 and NCAA Division III Football Championship in 1992 and 1995, all during the tenure of Roger Harring, who served as head coach from 1969 to 1999 and was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 2005. Track and field The Eagles have won 18 team titles at the NCAA Division III Men's Indoor Track and Field Championships and 15 team titles at the NCAA Division III Men's Outdoor Track and Field Championships. Both totals are the best in Division III history. Notable athletes Jerry Augustine, MLB player Will Berzinski, NFL player Caleb Boushley, MLB pitcher Ben Braun, college basketball coach Roman Brumm, NFL player Mike Dee, college baseball coach at University of Illinois at Chicago Brian Gutekunst, NFL General Manager, Green Bay Packers Don Iverson, professional golfer on the PGA Tour Don Kindt, Jr., NFL player Tom Klawitter, MLB player Craig Kusick, baseball player Craig Kusick, Jr., Arena Football League quarterback Ace Loomis, NFL player Mike Maslowski, National Football League (NFL) linebacker Ric Mathias, NFL player Greg Mattison, NCAA and NFL football coach Neal Nelson, Hall of Fame basketball coach Tom Newberry, NFL offensive Lineman Vinny Rottino, MLB player Bill Schroeder, 1994, NFL wide receiver Webb Schultz, MLB player Ed Servais, college baseball coach at Saint Mary's and Creighton Ellen Tronnier, All-American Girls Professional Baseball League player Jeremy Unertl, Arena Football League player Joel Williams, NFL linebacker References External links", "title": "Wisconsin–La Crosse Eagles" }, { "docid": "4428742", "text": "James Gleason Dunn Conzelman (March 6, 1898 – July 31, 1970) was an American football player and coach, baseball executive, and advertising executive. He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1964 and was selected in 1969 as a quarterback on the National Football League 1920s All-Decade Team. A native of St. Louis, Conzelman played college football for the 1918 Great Lakes Navy Bluejackets team that won the 1919 Rose Bowl. In 1919, he was an All-Missouri Valley Conference quarterback for the Washington University Pikers football team. He then played 10 seasons as a quarterback, halfback, placekicker, and coach in the National Football League (NFL) for the Decatur Staleys (1920), Rock Island Independents (1921–1922), Milwaukee Badgers (1922–1924), Detroit Panthers (1925–1926), and Providence Steam Roller (1927–1929). He was also a team owner in Detroit and, as player-coach, led the 1928 Providence Steam Roller team to an NFL championship. From 1932 to 1939, Conzelman was the head football coach for the Washington University Bears football team, leading the program to Missouri Valley Conference championships in 1934, 1935, and 1939. He served as head coach of the NFL's Chicago Cardinals from 1940 to 1942 and again from 1946 to 1948. He led the Cardinals to an NFL championship in 1947 and Western Division championships in 1947 and 1948. He was also an executive with the St. Louis Browns in Major League Baseball from 1943 to 1945. Early years Conzelman was born James Gleason Ryan Dunn in St. Louis, Missouri, in 1898. He was the son of James Dunn and Marguerite Ryan, though his father died when he was still a baby. In 1902, his mother married a dentist, Oscar Conzelman, who adopted him. Conzelman attended Loyola Academy and later Central High School in St. Louis. He began playing football as a halfback at Central High in 1914. After a realignment of high school districts in 1915, Conzelman attended McKinley High School. At McKinley, Conzelman was the quarterback of the football team, competed on the basketball and track teams, was president of the boys' athletic association, and served as sergeant-at-arms of the Class of 1916. He led the 1915 McKinley football team to a league championship. College and military service Conzelman enrolled at Washington University in St. Louis in 1916. He played freshman football that year but enlisted in the United States Navy when the United States entered World War I in 1917. He was stationed at the Great Lakes Naval Station north of Chicago. During two years of service, he played for the Naval Station's football, baseball, and basketball teams. He also took up boxing while in the Navy and won a championship in the middleweight division. He was the quarterback of the 1918 Great Lakes Navy Bluejackets football team that defeated previously undefeated Navy and then defeated the Mare Island Marines by a 17–0 score in the 1919 Rose Bowl. Conzelman's teammates on the 1918 Great Lakes team included George Halas and Paddy Driscoll, all three of whom were", "title": "Jimmy Conzelman" }, { "docid": "8122014", "text": "Cecil Frank Isbell (July 11, 1915 – June 23, 1985) was an American football quarterback and coach. He played 5 seasons in the National Football League (NFL) with the Green Bay Packers, leading them to the NFL Championship in 1939. He retired after the 1942 season to become an assistant coach at his alma mater, Purdue University, and the following year became its head coach for three seasons. Isbell was the head coach of the Baltimore Colts of the All-America Football Conference from 1947 to 1949, resigning after four winless games. He then became an assistant under former head coach Curly Lambeau, now with the Chicago Cardinals. When Lambeau resigned late in the 1951 season, Isbell was the interim head coach for the final two games, which they split. Isbell's pro head coaching record was 10–23–1. He was hired as an assistant coach with the Dallas Texans of the NFL in 1952. Isbell was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a player in 1967. Early life and college playing career Born in Houston, Texas, Isbell was the second son of Adger and Sarah Isbell. His older brother Cody was also a football player for Purdue and his two younger brothers also played college football: William Adger \"Dub\" Isbell Jr. at Rice Institute and Larry Isbell at Baylor University. Isbell attended Sam Houston High School in Houston, then went to Purdue, where played from 1935 through 1937. He was voted the Boilermakers' most valuable player for the 1937 season. In the summer of 1938, he led the College All-Stars to victory over the defending NFL champion Washington Redskins at Soldier Field in Chicago. Isbell was named the game's MVP as the All-Stars prevailed, 28–16. NFL playing career Isbell was selected in the first round of the 1938 NFL Draft by the Green Bay Packers, the seventh overall pick. When he arrived in Green Bay, the Packers already had an All-Pro tailback, Arnie Herber. who had led the Packers to the NFL championship in 1936. Coach Curly Lambeau alternated Isbell and Herber and occasionally used them in the same backfield, with Isbell at halfback. This \"platooning\" allowed Isbell to learn Lambeau's offense, the Notre Dame Box. Isbell was a very accurate passer and a good runner and he led the Packers in rushing and passing in his rookie year. The Packers came in first in the West and faced the New York Giants in the championship game at the Polo Grounds. Isbell rushed 11 times for 20 yards and was 3 of 5 passing for 91 yards, but the Giants prevailed, 23–17. In 1939, the Packers used the same attack and again Isbell led the team in rushing while catching 9 passes as well. The Packers again won the Western division and faced New York in a rematch from the year before. This time the game was played in Milwaukee and Green Bay crushed the Giants, 27–0, with Isbell throwing a 27-yard touchdown pass. From 1940 to 1942, the", "title": "Cecil Isbell" }, { "docid": "10537310", "text": "James Richard \"Jungle Jim\" Martin (April 8, 1924 – October 9, 2002) was an American football guard, linebacker and placekicker who played fourteen seasons in the National Football League (NFL) in the 1950s and 1960s, mainly for the Detroit Lions. He was selected to the Pro Bowl, the NFL's all-star game, after the 1961 season, and went on to be an assistant coach after his playing career. He was an All-American at the University of Notre Dame and was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1995. Martin was a star athlete at his high school in Cleveland, Ohio. He joined the United States Marine Corps after graduating, and served in the Pacific War until it ended in 1945. He then enrolled at Notre Dame, where he was part of a teams that won the college football national championship in 1946, 1947 and 1949 under head coach Frank Leahy. Martin was named a first-team All-American in 1949 by several news organizations. The NFL's Cleveland Browns selected Martin in the 1950 draft, and he played there for one season during which the team won the NFL championship. Browns head coach Paul Brown traded him to the Detroit Lions, where he played between 1951 and 1961, at first as a guard and later as a linebacker and placekicker. The Lions won NFL championships in 1952, 1953 and 1957, all three of them victories over the Browns. After spending a year as an assistant coach for the Denver Broncos, an American Football League team, Martin returned to playing in 1963 for the Baltimore Colts, and played for a final year in 1964 for the Washington Redskins. When he left the Lions, Martin was the team's all-time leading field goal kicker; he also became the first NFL player to kick two field goals of more than 50 yards in a single game in 1960. Martin was an assistant high school coach in California and at Idaho State University before taking a job as an assistant with the Lions between 1967 and 1972. He also coached in the World Football League in the mid-1970s. Martin later worked as a court officer in Michigan. He was inducted into the Greater Cleveland Sports Hall of Fame in 1976 and into the college hall of fame in 1995. He died in 2002. Early life and college Martin grew up in Cleveland, Ohio and attended the city's East Technical High School, where he was captain of the football and swimming teams. He played center on the football team. After graduating, Martin joined the U.S. Marines during World War II, and served in the Pacific War. He was part of a small crew in the Marines' Fifth Amphibious Reconnaissance Battalion that landed on the island of Tinian in 1944 to do preliminary scouting in preparation for its seizure by Allied forces in the Battle of Tinian. Wearing only black swim trunks, diving fins and face masks, Martin and his three-man unit discovered a string of sea mines near", "title": "Jim Martin (American football)" }, { "docid": "4418665", "text": "Berlin Guy \"Champ\" Chamberlin (January 16, 1894 – April 4, 1967), sometimes misspelled Guy Chamberlain, was an American professional football player and coach. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1962 and the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1965. He was also named in 1969 to the NFL 1920s All-Decade Team. A native of Blue Springs, Nebraska, Chamberlin played college football as a halfback at Nebraska Wesleyan University in 1911 and 1912. He transferred to the University of Nebraska in 1913 and played at the halfback and end positions for the undefeated 1914 and 1915 Nebraska Cornhuskers football teams that won consecutive Missouri Valley Conference championships. He was a consensus first-team All-American in 1915, and he was selected in 1936 as the greatest player in Nebraska football history. He played professional football for nine years with the Canton Bulldogs (1919), Decatur / Chicago Staleys (1920–1921), Canton Bulldogs (1922–1923), Cleveland Bulldogs (1924), Frankford Yellow Jackets (1925–1926), and Chicago Cardinals (1927). He won professional football championships in six of his nine seasons in professional football: as a player in 1919 with the undefeated Bulldogs and in 1921 with the Staleys, and as a player/coach in 1922, 1923, and 1924 with the Bulldogs and in 1926 with the Yellow Jackets. He compiled a 58-16-7 record in six years as a head coach in the National Football League (NFL), the best win percentage () of any coach in NFL history with a minimum 50 wins. He is also the only coach to win NFL championships with three different clubs. Early years Chamberlin was born in Blue Springs, Nebraska, in 1894. He was raised with five siblings on a family farm in Blue Springs. He graduated from Blue Springs High School in 1911. College football Nebraska Wesleyan In the fall of 1911, Chamberlin enrolled at Nebraska Wesleyan University in Lincoln, Nebraska. Chamberlin was selected by the Omaha World-Herald as an all-state halfback while playing for the undefeated 1911 Nebraska Wesleyan football team that won the NIAA championship. Chamberlin also competed for Nebraska Wesleyan in baseball as a pitcher and outfielder and in track as a sprinter and weight man. He returned to the Nebraska Wesleyan football team in the fall of 1912 and was again selected as an all-state player. In announcing its selection of Chamberlin to the all-state team, the Omaha World-Herald wrote: \"Chamberlin is almost in a class by himself. He is a fierce and aggressive runner and adopts the system of bowling over the opposing tacklers in much the same style as the famous Coy of Yale. Chamberlin rarely used a stiff arm, and yet many times it was next to impossible to stop him.\" Nebraska In the fall of 1913, Chamberlin transferred to the University of Nebraska in Lincoln. There he became a member of Beta Theta Pi fraternity. He played halfback for Jumbo Stiehm's undefeated 1914 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team that won the Missouri Valley Conference championship and became known as the \"Stiehm Rollers\". At", "title": "Guy Chamberlin" }, { "docid": "12130046", "text": "William Adam Swiacki (October 2, 1922 – July 7, 1976) was an American football player and coach. He played college football as an end for Columbia University in 1946 and 1947 and was a consensus first-team All-American in 1947. He played professional football in the National Football League (NFL) for the New York Giants from 1948 to 1950 and for the Detroit Lions in 1951 and 1952. He was a member of the Lions' 1952 team that won the NFL championship. Early years Swiacki was born in Southbridge, Massachusetts, in 1922. He was of Polish descent College football and military service Swiacki began his college education at the College of the Holy Cross in Worcester, Massachusetts. He played at the end position for the Holy Cross Crusaders football team in 1942. He then served as a second lieutenant and navigator on a B-17 Flying Fortress in the United States Army Air Forces during World War II. After the war, he attended Columbia University and played college football at the end position for the Columbia Lions in 1946 and 1947. On October 26, 1947, Swiacki gained national fame when his nine pass receptions led Columbia to a 21-20 victory over Army, breaking the Cadets' 32-game winning streak. At the end of the 1947 season, Swiacki was a consensus All-American, receiving first-team honors from, among others, the American Football Coaches Association, the Associated Press, the United Press, Collier's Weekly, the International News Service, and the Newspaper Enterprise Association. Professional football He later played professional football in the National Football League (NFL) as an end for the New York Giants from 1948 to 1950 and for the Detroit Lions from 1951 to 1952. He was a member of the 1952 Detroit Lions team that won the NFL championship. In September 1953, Swiacki announced that he was retiring from football to devote his time to business in his hometown of Southbridge, Massachusetts. In five years in the NFL, Swiacki appeared in 59 games and caught 139 passes for 1,883 yards for 18 touchdowns. Coaching career In May 1954, Swiacki was hired as the end coach for the New York Giants. In May 1955, he was hired as the head coach for the Toronto Argonauts. After two seasons with the Argonauts, Swiacki quit the job in November 1956. Family and later years After retiring from football, Swiacki returned to Massachusetts and went into the real estate business. He and his wife, Charlotte Lester Swiacki (1926-1999), had a son, Bill, Jr., and a daughter, Leslie. Bill, Jr., was a standout three-sport athlete at Amherst College who was drafted by both the NFL's New York Giants and Major League Baseball's Los Angeles Dodgers. Swiacki was named to the College Football Hall of Fame in April 1976. Less than three months later, 9n July 1976, Swiacki died at his home in Sturbridge, Massachusetts, at age 53. He was killed when his rifle accidentally discharged while Swiacki was cleaning it in the basement of his home. References External links", "title": "Bill Swiacki" }, { "docid": "62874558", "text": "Kerry Coombs (born September 9, 1961) is an American football coach who is the special teams coordinator and cornerbacks coach at the University of Cincinnati. Previously, Coombs was an assistant coach for the Tennessee Titans of the National Football League (NFL) in 2018 and 2019 and the defensive coordinator for the Ohio State Buckeyes from 2020 to 2021. Coaching career High school (1983–2006) Coombs was a member of the University of Dayton's 1980 Division III National Championship team while studying secondary education. After graduation, he became an assistant coach at two Cincinnati area high schools. In 1989, he accepted the position of head coach at Loveland High School in Loveland, Ohio. Two years later, he accepted the position of head coach at Colerain High School in Cincinnati, the high school from which he graduated in 1979. In 16 seasons under his leadership, the Colerain Cardinals football team went to ten state playoffs, including five state semifinal berths. In 2004, his team went undefeated (15–0) and won the Division I state championship. During his reign, Colerain won seven consecutive Greater Miami Conference championships from 2000 to 2006. Coombs had a 161–34 record as head coach. First college stint (2007–2017) In 2007, Coombs accepted the offer from Brian Kelly to join his staff at the University of Cincinnati as the team's defensive backs coach. The Bearcats led the nation with 26 interceptions in 2007. In 2009, Coombs was promoted to associate head coach in addition to his responsibilities as the team's defensive backs coach and special teams coordinator. In 2012, Coombs accepted a position to become the defensive backs coach at the Ohio State University. In 2016, the Buckeyes ranked fourth nationally with 21 interceptions, including a nation-high seven interceptions returned for touchdowns, and the team ranked third in the country in passing efficiency defense. In 2017, Ohio State head coach, Urban Meyer, promoted Coombs to the position of assistant coordinator, defense. That year, the Ohio State defense ranked ninth in the NCAA in yards allowed. Tennessee Titans (2018–2019) In 2018, Coombs accepted a position to join coach Mike Vrabel's staff with the Tennessee Titans of the National Football League (NFL) as a secondary (defensive backs) coach. For the first time in his career, Coombs coached a team in a state other than Ohio. It was also the first time since 1989 that Coombs coached a team that did not have red as the team's primary color. The 2018 Titans ranked sixth in the NFL in passing defense (216.9 yards per game), ranked eighth in the league with an opponent passer rating of 88.4, and finished ninth in the league with a 63.2 opponent completion percentage. Titans defensive backs accounted for 10 total interceptions and an NFL-high nine sacks. In 2019, the Titans defensive back was again a top-10 unit in passing yards and interceptions. The Titans made the playoffs, but lost in the AFC Championship game. Return to Ohio State (2020–2021) In 2020, Ohio State needed to fill the position of", "title": "Kerry Coombs" }, { "docid": "1303348", "text": "Michael Francis Kruczek (born March 15, 1953) is an American football coach and former quarterback. He is currently the Offensive Coordinator, under his son Garrett Kruczek, the head football coach for The Master’s Academy of Florida. Playing career Kruczek earned All-America in 1975 as a quarterback at Boston College where he set several B.C. passing and total offense records. 1974: 104/151 for 1,275 yards with 6 TD vs 7 INT 1975: 107/164 for 1,132 yards with 6 TD vs 7 INT He was selected in the second round of the 1976 NFL Draft by the Pittsburgh Steelers and played in 29 games for them from 1976 to 1979 and was a member of Super Bowl championship squads in 1978 and 1979. Kruczek distinguished himself in the NFL by winning six consecutive starts as a rookie in 1976 when he stepped into the Steelers starting lineup for an injured Terry Bradshaw; buoyed by the historic rushing duo of Franco Harris and Rocky Bleier (who became only the second pair of teammates to each run for 1,000 yards in the same season), and a fierce defense which recorded three shutouts and allowed only 25 points (4.2 ppg) during his six starts, Kruczek helped lead the Steelers to the AFC title game. During the victory streak Kruczek did not throw a touchdown pass, however for the season he completed passes at an impressive 60% rate along with an excellent average of 8.9 yards/attempt, and a solid 74.5 passer rating (compared to the league average rating of 67.0). He unexpectedly ended up as Bradshaw's primary backup as a rookie following the team waiving both of their backup quarterbacks from the previous four years (Terry Hanratty and Joe Gilliam), and the Steelers opting not to sign a third quarterback; Kruczek would have likely been the third-stringer behind Gilliam if not for his drug addiction. Kruczek's record for consecutive wins as a rookie stood until 1985 when it was broken by Los Angeles Rams quarterback Dieter Brock who, at age 34, won seven consecutive starts to begin his first NFL season. Brock was an unusual rookie, having spent his prior 11 years (1974-1984) playing professionally in the Canadian Football League before joining the Rams. Taking the more conventional route (college to the NFL), in 2004 a Pittsburgh quarterback again claimed the consecutive rookie wins record when 22-year-old Steelers rookie Ben Roethlisberger won 13 games to begin his career. Kruczek concluded his NFL career in 1980 with the Washington Redskins. During his career Kruczek never threw a touchdown pass in a regular season game and currently holds the league record for career pass attempts, 154, without a touchdown. Coaching career Kruczek began his coaching career as the quarterbacks coach for Bobby Bowden at Florida State from 1982 to 1983. He served one season in the same capacity for the Jacksonville Bulls of the USFL before he became the offensive coordinator and quarterbacks coach at the University of Central Florida. He was named UCF's head coach in 1998", "title": "Mike Kruczek" }, { "docid": "23208357", "text": "The Prairie View A&M Panthers football team is the college football team representing the Prairie View A&M University. The Panthers play in NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) as a member of the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC). History The first football coach at Prairie View was Henry B. Hucles, who began in 1924. Before Hucles's arrival at Prairie View, the school played two games without a coach on record: a 1907 7–0 win against a team from Wylie, Texas and a 1920 7–6 loss to Tuskegee University. Prairie View's most recognized and celebrated coach was Billy Nicks. Known as the \"Bear Bryant\" of black college football, Nicks was head coach from 1945 to 1947, assistant coach from 1948 to 1951, and head coach again from 1952 to 1965. His record for 17 years was 127–39–8. He led the Panthers to eight Southwestern Athletic Conference championships and five black college national championships. At the Panthers' peak under Nicks, Eddie Robinson was said to dread playing Prairie View. Nicks was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1999. Nicks was named the American Football Coaches Association’s recipient of the Trailblazer Award. The award was presented posthumously at the AFCA Kickoff Luncheon on Monday, January 7 at the 2008 AFCA Convention in Anaheim, California. Prairie View is recognized as the first historically Black university to create and play in a post-season bowl game. The Prairie View Bowl was played in Texas from 1929 through 1961. The Panthers won Black college football national championship titles in 1953, 1954, 1958, 1963, and 1964 and Southwestern Athletic Conference Championships SWAC in 1933, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1958, 1960, 1963, 1964, and recently in 2009. Notable football players that have achieved success in the National Football League (NFL) are National Football Hall of Fame Inductee Ken Houston, who played for the Houston Oilers and Washington Redskins and Otis Taylor, who won a World Championship with the Kansas City Chiefs in 1969. On a small note of significance, Charlie \"Choo Choo\" Brackins, who played from 1952 to 1955, was the first HBCU alumnus to play quarterback in the NFL. The end of Jim Crow caused a significant talent drain for all HBCUs. Nicks had been able to stem the tide somewhat by persuading many of the state's black high school coaches to continue sending their players to Prairie View rather than to a predominantly white school. At one point, nearly all of them had played for Nicks — a legacy of the days when Nicks had the pick of every good black player in Texas — and owed their jobs to him. Usually, a single phone call from Nicks was enough to persuade one of Nicks' former players to send a prospect to \"The Hill.\" He wasn't above threatening to have them fired if they didn't do so. However, Prairie View's fortunes sank rapidly after Nicks retired in 1965. The Panthers would only \"officially\" finish above .500 twice from 1968 to 1989. This included winless", "title": "Prairie View A&M Panthers football" }, { "docid": "4106111", "text": "Charles Evans Bresnahan (pronounced \"BREZ-nuh-han\"; born September 8, 1960) is an American football coach and former player. He was the defensive coordinator of the Oakland Raiders on two occasions and the Cincinnati Bengals of the National Football League (NFL) as well as the Florida Tuskers and Sacramento Mountain Lions of the United Football League (UFL). He also served as defensive coordinator in the college ranks at the University of Central Florida, University of South Florida and University of Maine. Bresnahan also served as an assistant coach with the Cleveland Browns and Indianapolis Colts of the NFL and the United States Naval Academy (Navy) and the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech) in the college ranks. Bresnahan also assisted in the Officiating Department of the NFL for 3 seasons. He is the son of Tom Bresnahan, a long time NFL assistant and Offensive Coordinator who coached 4 Super Bowls under Marv Levy (HOF-2001) with the Buffalo Bills. Coaching career Bresnahan began his coaching career at Navy under Gary Tranquill in 1986. From 1987 to 1991 he was an assistant coach for the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team that won the 1990 UPI National Championship under head coach Bobby Ross. He was hired by the Head Coach, Kirk Ferentz, to be the defensive coordinator for the Maine Black Bears from 1992 to 1993. In 1994 Bresnahan made the move to the NFL when he was hired by then Head Coach, Bill Belichick, as the assistant linebackers coach for the Cleveland Browns. He was promoted to linebackers coach in 1995. From 1996 to 1997 Bresnahan served as linebackers coach of the Indianapolis Colts. He was the Oakland Raiders' defensive backs coach from 1998 to 1999 before he was promoted by then Head Coach, Jon Gruden, to defensive coordinator and spent 2000 to 2003 in that role. During that time the Raiders won three consecutive AFC West Championships, appeared in two AFC Conference Championship games and Super Bowl XXXVII. Bresnahan joined the Cincinnati Bengals' coaching staff in 2004 as a defensive assistant coach, and was promoted to defensive coordinator in 2005 by then Head Coach, Marvin Lewis. In 2005 the Bengals registered their first winning season and reached the NFL Playoffs for the first time in 17 years capturing the AFC North Championship. After the team went 7–9 in the 2008 regular season, he was fired and spent 2009 and 2010 as the linebackers coach and defensive coordinator, respectively, with the Florida Tuskers of the United Football League (UFL) where the Tuskers played in two consecutive UFL Championship games. In 2011 Bresnahan was hired back by the Oakland Raiders as their defensive coordinator. The team finished 8-8 but he was not retained following the season when Head Coach Hue Jackson was fired. Bresnahan spent the 2012 season with the Sacramento Mountain Lions as their defensive coordinator; he was later part of a joint lawsuit that sued the team for unpaid salary. In 2013 he was hired to serve as defensive coordinator, under newly", "title": "Chuck Bresnahan" }, { "docid": "11210942", "text": "William A. Young Jr (May 20, 1914 – January 21, 1994) was an American football player and coach. He played a lineman in the National Football League (NFL) for the Washington Redskins. Young served as the head football coach of Furman University from 1950 to 1954. Early life Young was born in North Little Rock, Arkansas and attended North Little Rock High School. College career Young attended and played college football at the University of Alabama. As a sophomore in 1934, he helped the Crimson Tide finish the season with a perfect record (10–0 overall, 7–0 in the SEC), as Southeastern Conference champions for the second consecutive season and as national champions after they defeated Stanford in the Rose Bowl. Alabama was selected national champion in 1934 by Dunkel, Houlgate, Poling System and Williamson. Sportswriter Morgan Blake called it the best football team he ever saw. Professional career Player After going undrafted in 1937, Young was signed by the Washington Redskins. During his rookie season, the Redskins won their first league championship, the 1937 NFL Championship Game, on December 12, 1937, against the Chicago Bears, their first year in D.C. The Redskins then met the Bears again in the 1940 NFL Championship Game on December 8, 1940. The result, 73–0 in favor of the Bears, is still the worst one-sided loss in NFL history. Young then played in his third championship game, the 1942 NFL Championship on December 13, 1942, where the Redskins won their second championship, 14–6. Young left the team on January 8, 1943, and enlisted in the United States Navy as a chief specialist during World War II. Coach Young was the head coach for the Furman University football team from 1950 to 1954. Personal Young died on January 21, 1994, in Jacksonville, Florida. Head coaching record References External links 1914 births 1994 deaths American football tackles Alabama Crimson Tide football players Furman Paladins athletic directors Furman Paladins football coaches Washington Redskins players People from North Little Rock, Arkansas Players of American football from Arkansas United States Navy personnel of World War II United States Navy sailors", "title": "Bill Young (American football lineman)" }, { "docid": "420030", "text": "Wilbur Charles \"Weeb\" Ewbank (May 6, 1907 – November 17, 1998) was an American professional football coach. He led the Baltimore Colts to consecutive NFL championships in 1958 and 1959 and the New York Jets to victory in Super Bowl III in January 1969. He is the only coach to win a championship in both the National Football League (NFL) and American Football League (AFL). Raised in Indiana, Ewbank attended Miami University in Ohio, where he was a multi-sport star who led his baseball, basketball, and football teams to state championships. He immediately began a coaching career after graduating, working at Ohio high schools between 1928 and 1943, when he entered the U.S. Navy during World War II. While in the military, Ewbank was an assistant to Paul Brown on a service football team at Naval Station Great Lakes outside of Chicago. Ewbank was discharged in 1945 and coached college sports for three years before reuniting with Brown as an assistant with the Cleveland Browns, a professional team in the All-America Football Conference (AAFC). The Browns won all four AAFC championships. They joined the NFL with the league's merger in , winning the championship that year. Ewbank left the Browns after the 1953 season to become head coach of the Colts, a young NFL team that had struggled in its first season. In 1956, Ewbank brought in quarterback Johnny Unitas, who quickly became a star and helped lead a potent offense that included wide receiver Raymond Berry and fullback Alan Ameche to an NFL championship in 1958. The Colts repeated as champions in 1959, but the team's performance slipped over the next three seasons and Ewbank was fired three weeks after their final game of the 1962 season. He was soon picked up by the Jets, a team in the still new AFL. While his first few years were unsuccessful, Ewbank helped build the Jets into a contender after signing Alabama quarterback Joe Namath in 1965. The Jets won the AFL championship in 1968, and then went on to win Super Bowl III in one of the biggest upsets in NFL history. Ewbank, who was known as a mild-mannered coach who favored simple but well-executed strategies, retired after the 1973 season and settled in Oxford, Ohio. He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in , and died twenty years later in Oxford on November 17, 1998, the 30th anniversary of the \"Heidi Game\". Early years Born in Richmond, Indiana, Ewbank's father was a grocer who owned two stores in the small city. He attended Morton High School and played quarterback on the football team, was an outfielder in baseball, and was a member of the basketball team. He captained the football and basketball teams when he was a senior. As a teenager, Ewbank and his father drove to Dayton, Ohio, to see early football star Jim Thorpe and the Canton Bulldogs play. One of his younger brothers could not pronounce \"Wilbur\" correctly and called him \"Weeb\", the", "title": "Weeb Ewbank" }, { "docid": "14058573", "text": "Lindell Lee Houston (January 11, 1921September 9, 1995) was an American football guard who played eight seasons in the All-America Football Conference (AAFC) and in the National Football League (NFL) with the Cleveland Browns. He was the older brother of Jim Houston. Houston played with the Browns from their inception in 1946 through the 1953 season. Cleveland reached the league championship game in each of Houston eight seasons with the club, winning four times between 1946 and 1949 in the AAFC and once in the NFL in 1950. Houston played for coach Paul Brown during every phase of his football career: at Massillon (Ohio) High School, Ohio State and the Browns. He retired from football after the 1953 season and worked as an executive in the steel industry. He died in 1995. High school and college career Houston was born in Illinois, but his family moved to Ohio after a relative got a job at a steel mill in Massillon and convinced his father to move there. Houston had been a standout basketball player in Illinois, but Paul Brown, the head football coach at Massillon Washington High School, thought his combination of quickness and size would make him a good football player. He started as a middle guard on defense but was soon switched to an offensive guard, where he excelled. The Associated Press named him a first-team All-Ohio guard in 1938. After graduating from high school, Houston attended Ohio State University. He played as a guard on the school's varsity football team starting as a sophomore in 1941 under Paul Brown, who had by then been hired as the school's head football coach. Houston sat out for two weeks with a knee injury but returned to finish the season, and in 1942 became a regular starter at right guard. Collier's named him an All-American that season, when the Ohio State Buckeyes football team won the school's first national championship. Houston joined the U.S. Army in 1943. He stayed at Ohio State but was not allowed by the Army to play on the football team. In 1944, he played in the College All-Star Game against the Chicago Bears. Professional career Houston signed in 1946 with the Cleveland Browns, a professional team under formation in the new All-America Football Conference and coached by Paul Brown. Houston became a starter when Bill Willis was ill in 1946. The Browns won the AAFC championship that year. In later seasons, Houston rotated with Bob Gaudio as part of a system where Brown used guard substitutions to relay plays to his quarterback. The Browns won three more AAFC championships in 1947, 1948 and 1949 before the league dissolved and the Browns were absorbed by the more established National Football League. The Browns won the NFL championship in 1950, their first season in the league. Houston's job was to protect quarterback Otto Graham and open up running room for fullback Marion Motley. He was known for his toughness and durability. In a 1950 game against the", "title": "Lin Houston" }, { "docid": "1704443", "text": "K. C. Jones (May 25, 1932 – December 25, 2020) was an American professional basketball player and coach. He is best known for his association with the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association (NBA), with whom he won 11 of his 12 NBA championships (eight as a player, two as an assistant coach, and two as a head coach). As a player, he is tied for third for most NBA championships in a career, and is one of three NBA players with an 8–0 record in NBA Finals series. He is the only African-American coach other than Bill Russell to have won multiple NBA championships. Jones was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1989. Early life Jones was born in Taylor, Texas, as the oldest of six children. The initials \"K. C.\" were his given name; he inherited the same name as his father, a factory worker and cook, who himself was named after the fabled railroad engineer Casey Jones. When Jones was aged nine, his parents divorced and he moved to San Francisco, California, with his mother and two siblings. He learned to play basketball on a patch of gravel. Jones attended Commerce High School in San Francisco where he played basketball and football. College career Jones played college basketball at the University of San Francisco and, along with Bill Russell, guided the Dons to NCAA championships in 1955 and 1956. During their time with the Dons, Russell and Jones led the team to a then-record 55-game win streak (including an undefeated 29–0 record during the 1955–56 season) and helped pioneer a play that later became known as the alley-oop. Jones also played with Russell on the United States national team which won the gold medal at the 1956 Olympic Games in Melbourne, Australia, while defeating their opponents by an unsurpassed average margin of 53.5 points per game. After completing college and joining the NBA, Jones considered a career as an NFL player, even trying out for a team. However, he failed to make the cut. Professional career Boston Celtics (1958–1967) During his playing days, he was known as a tenacious defender. Jones spent all of his nine seasons in the NBA with the Boston Celtics, being part of eight championship teams from 1959 to 1966, retiring after the Celtics' loss to the Philadelphia 76ers in the 1967 Eastern Division finals. He was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1989. Jones is one of only eight players in basketball history to have won an NCAA championship, an NBA championship, and an Olympic gold medal, joining Bill Russell, Magic Johnson, Michael Jordan, Jerry Lucas, Clyde Lovellette, Quinn Buckner, and Anthony Davis. In NBA history, only his former teammates Russell (11 championships) and Sam Jones (10) have won more championships during their playing careers. Coaching career Jones began his coaching career at Brandeis University, serving as its head coach from 1967 to 1970. He served as an assistant coach at Harvard University", "title": "K. C. Jones" }, { "docid": "5228743", "text": "Lynn Dwight Cain (born October 16, 1955) is an American football coach and former running back in the National Football League (NFL). College career After winning All Eastern League Defensive Back with the Roosevelt Roughriders in High School, Cain went to East Los Angeles College who'd just finished with a 1-9 season record. Cain finished with ELAC celebrating their first California Community College State 1974 Championship season with a 9-1 record, named the California Community College Player of the Year, Southern Conference MVP and the D1 most sought after Junior College Player with Conference Rushing Record of 1666 yards / 19 TD's. Cain played college football at the University of Southern California after transferring from East Los Angeles College. Lynn Cain was starting fullback for 1978 USC Trojans, who won the National Title that year. Sharing the backfield with Lynn was Heisman Trophy winner Charles White. Professional career Cain played for the National Football League's Atlanta Falcons from 1979 to 1984 and for the Los Angeles Rams in 1985. He was drafted in the fourth round of the 1979 NFL Draft. He managed to have his best year in the NFL in his second season, 1980, rushing for over 900 yards and 8 touchdowns. Lynn wore #21 for the Falcons, and took the Falcons to the 1980 NFC Divisional Playoff Game (The Philadelphia Eagles defeated the Dallas Cowboys 20-7 in the NFC Championship), along with William Andrews and Steve Bartkowski. Coaching career Cain's experience in many facets of coaching football, after his professional football career, he was hired as the Head Football Coach in December 2007, for ELAC's Huskies. As the head coach for his junior college alma mater, East Los Angeles College, he brought back the tradition of winning and community pride. He coached at ELAC through the 2011 football season. That year they won their division's Championship. The last time East Los Angeles had won a championship was when Cain was the MVP player on the same field at Weingart Stadium (37 years prior). After a call from the community, he is currently revitalizing the Los Angeles Southwest College football team, after the global pandemic. Personal life Cain is the uncle of The Black Eyed Peas rapper/singer/producer, will.i.am. Lynn talked about the search for his missing father, Rogest Cain, on a 1988 episode of Unsolved Mysteries. He is married to Lisa Gordon Cain, a humanitarian, and they have three children together - son Lynell Cain and daughters Desiree Jacobs and Ariyana Bragge. The couple also have six grandchildren - Angelyne, Damon and Raven Cain, and David and Dawson Jacobs and Koa Bragge. References 1955 births Living people Players of American football from Los Angeles American football running backs USC Trojans football players Atlanta Falcons players Los Angeles Rams players East Los Angeles Huskies football players", "title": "Lynn Cain" }, { "docid": "41104678", "text": "At the end of the 1932 NFL season, the Portsmouth Spartans and the Chicago Bears tied for first place (6–1); under the rules at the time, standings were based on winning percentage, with ties excluded from the calculation. The Spartans and Bears had tied each other twice during the regular season, making the league's only tiebreaker useless. So the league had to make a rule change to allow another game. For the first time, the league played what amounted to a replay game to determine the NFL champion. Coach Ralph Jones led the Bears to a 9–0 victory over Coach Potsy Clark. The game is recorded as a regular season game for the teams' statistics. Three seasons later Coach Clark would lead his team to their first title, when they were the Detroit Lions. Because it proved so popular, the 1932 NFL \"Playoff Game\", as it is unofficially called, started a new era for the National Football League. Beginning in the 1933 NFL season, the league was divided into divisions, and the winner of each division would meet in a playoff game to determine the champion. The first NFL official playoff game was the 1933 NFL Championship Game between the Chicago Bears and New York Giants where Coach George \"Papa Bear\" Halas beat Hall of Fame Coach Steve Owen. The following list shows the career postseason records for each coach who has recorded a win in the NFL playoffs from 1933. Champion coaches Since playoffs began in the 1933 NFL season, the following 58 coaches have led their team to an NFL or AFL title. Super Bowls before the 1970 AFL–NFL merger are not included in total championship count. † is a member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame Winning coaches Bill Belichick holds the current NFL record for most playoff games coached (44) and most wins by a head coach (31). Vince Lombardi won 90% of his playoff appearances, the record for coaches with more than three games to their credit. While many coaches have won playoff games for 2 teams, only two have won a championship for different franchises. Weeb Ewbank won the 1958 and 1959 NFL titles with the Baltimore Colts, then won the 1968 AFL crown and Super Bowl with the New York Jets. The other coach to win a championship with two teams was Don Shula. Shula was an NFL champion in 1968 with the Baltimore Colts, but lost in Super Bowl III to the AFL champs coached by Weeb Ewbank. Coach Shula then led the Miami Dolphins to titles in 1972 and 1973. So far, Shula has coached the only no-loss, no-tie perfect season in NFL history (1972). This table lists every coach who has won a playoff game in the NFL or AFL.If a coach has led multiple teams to the playoffs, the teams are listed in the order of his playoff appearances. Sort chart by clicking on heading. Reload page to return to original form. Sorting 'Teams' in ascending order will", "title": "List of NFL head coaches by playoff record" }, { "docid": "30365327", "text": "The Millikin Big Blue are the intercollegiate athletic programs of Millikin University (MU) located in Decatur, Illinois, United States. The Big Blue athletic program is a member of the College Conference of Illinois and Wisconsin (CCIW) and competes at the NCAA Division III level. History Millikin University was a member of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA). Its athletics programs were established together with the university in 1903, with football, men's basketball and baseball all competing in the University's first full academic year (1903–04). Since its start, Big Blue athletics has achieved considerable success both as a member of the College Conference of Illinois and Wisconsin (CCIW) and at the national level as a member of the NCAA Division III. The nickname \"Big Blue\" is generally attributed to Carl Head, a professor of mechanical engineering who used the name on posters during the 1916 football season. Millikin joined the College Conference of Illinois (CCI) on April 26, 1946 as one of its nine charter members (Augustana, Carthage, Elmhurst, Illinois College, Illinois Wesleyan, Lake Forest, Millikin, North Central and Wheaton). The league was renamed the CCIW in 1967 to recognize Carthage, which had moved its campus from Illinois to Wisconsin as well as Carroll's entrance in 1955. Regarded as \"The Best Small College Conference In The Nation\", Millikin is one of four charter members with uninterrupted membership. One of the school's most famous alumni is former NFL wide receiver Jeff Query who played for the Green Bay Packers, Cincinnati Bengals and Washington Redskins. Sports sponsored A member of the College Conference of Illinois and Wisconsin, Millikin University sponsors teams in twelve men's and eleven women's NCAA sanctioned sports. National championships Team 2004–05: Women's Basketball Individual Wrestling Bradan Birt - 165 wc. (2021-22) Men's Swimming Rodney Miller – 200 yd. breast (1985–86, 1986–87, 1987–88) Rodney Miller – 100 yd. breast (1986–87, 1987–88) Rodney Miller – 200 yd. IM (1987–88) Scott Walker – 100 fly (1990–91) Men's track Carl Alexander – Outdoor 100 m. dash (1997–98) Notable former athletes George Corbett – football player: Chicago Bears running back from 1932 to 1938 Sid Gepford – NFL player in 1920 Lori Kerans – basketball coach, gave Millikin their first NCAA Division III national championship win; coached from 1985 to 2018 Fred T. Long – Negro league baseball player and college football coach: played four seasons in Negro National League and amassed a 227–151–31 coaching record from 1921 to 1965 at various colleges including three Black college football national championships (1928, 1932, 1945) Harry Long – college football coach, won a Black college football national championship in 1924 as coach of Paul Quinn College; assistant coach to his brother Fred for his 1932 and 1945 championships Chuck Martin – football head coach at Miami of Ohio; former coach of Grand Valley State, where he won back-to-back NCAA Division II national championships Danny Moeller – Major League Baseball player, 1907–1916, with Pittsburgh Pirates and Washington Senators Jeff Monken – football head coach at United States", "title": "Millikin Big Blue" }, { "docid": "4502062", "text": "Hampton John \"Hamp\" Pool (March 11, 1915 – May 26, 2000) was an American football player, coach and scout who was part of two National Football League (NFL) championship teams during his playing career and served as head coach for three professional teams. Playing career Pool graduated from Paso Robles High School in Paso Robles, California in 1933, and played for the University of California, Berkeley's freshman football team that fall. After entering the United States Military Academy for one year, he returned to resume his career at Stanford University, playing as an end, and also performing for the school's track team. In the 1940 NFL Draft, he was a ninth round draft pick of the Chicago Bears and played four seasons with the Windy City team. During that stretch, he played at both fullback and end, catching 35 passes for 840 yards and scoring 11 touchdowns. His efforts helped the team to NFL titles in both 1940 and 1941, with Pool scoring one of the Bears' nine touchdowns in the 73–0 thrashing of the Washington Redskins in the 1940 title tilt. In 1942, the Bears were undefeated during the regular season, but were upset, 14–6, by those same Redskins in the NFL Championship game. After his career was ended by a leg injury, Pool served as a player-coach for the Fort Pierce Naval Amphibious Base during the final two years of World War II, while also working as an underwater demolition officer. His 1943 unit finished undefeated, and in 1944, he made news when he refused to wear jersey number 14 out of respect for Green Bay Packers' standout Don Hutson. \"No. 14 is Don Hutson's number, and nobody else should have that, certainly not me\", said Pool. Coaching career When the conflict ended, Pool officially entered the coaching arena in 1946, serving as an assistant for the All-America Football Conference's Miami Seahawks under Jack Meagher. After the team had won just one of six contests during its inaugural campaign, Meagher resigned on October 22, with Pool and fellow assistant Hank Crisp taking over as co-head coaches. After the Seahawks became the Baltimore Colts after the season, Pool stayed with the revamped franchise until accepting an assistant's position under Jim Crowley, who had been named head coach and general manager of the AAFC's Chicago Rockets. Crowley won only one of 11 games before turning the team over to Pool, who watched the team drop its final three contests. In 1948, Pool returned to his native California to serve as an assistant under Bill Hubbard at San Jose State University. The Spartans finished with a 9–3 record, but Pool departed after the season to enter private business, but stayed connected to the sport as an assistant coach at San Bernardino Valley College. On March 3, 1950, Pool returned to the professional ranks when his former Bears teammate, Joe Stydahar, hired him as backfield coach of the Los Angeles Rams. Over the next two seasons, Pool handled the team's offense and", "title": "Hamp Pool" }, { "docid": "11209541", "text": "Eric Lamone Yarber (born September 22, 1963) is an American football coach and former college player who is currently the wide receivers coach for the Los Angeles Rams of the National Football League (NFL). He played two seasons in the NFL as a wide receiver for the Washington Redskins in 1986 and 1987, which included a win in Super Bowl XXII. Early years Born in Chicago, Illinois, Yarber grew up in Southern California in South-Central Los Angeles, and graduated from Crenshaw High School. Though he did not play varsity football in high school due to his size, he played junior college football at Los Angeles Valley College. He transferred to Idaho of the Big Sky Conference in 1984 to play for third-year head coach Yarber was the conference MVP in his senior season of 1985, and the Vandals won their first league title Yarber led the Big Sky in receiving with over 1,100 yards and ten touchdowns during the eleven-game regular season. Teammates on the Palouse included quarterback Scott Linehan and offensive lineman Tom Cable, both future NFL head coaches, and lineman Yarber was selected in the twelfth round of the 1986 NFL Draft by the Washington Redskins and played two seasons. Coaching career Yarber began his coaching career back at Idaho in 1996 as a secondary defensive back coach under second-year head coach Chris Tormey. He was the wide receivers coach at UNLV in 1997. The next year, head coach Dennis Erickson hired Yarber to be the offensive quality control coach of the Seattle Seahawks in the NFL, and coached under Erickson from and . Yarber was on Erickson's staff at Oregon State in the Pac-10 Conference. In 1999, he was the running backs coach, and the next year he became the wide receivers coach. He coached Chad Johnson and T. J. Houshmandzadeh during their time with the Beavers. He followed Erickson back to the pros with the San Francisco 49ers, as the receivers coach in 2003 and 2004. Following Erickson's dismissal, Yarber was the receivers coach for the Washington Huskies for two seasons under head coach Tyrone Willingham. In 2007, Yarber became the receivers coach for the Arizona State under Erickson through 2009. In 2010, Yarber moved back to the NFL for two seasons with as the wide receivers coach for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. Following a 4–12 record in 2011, Raheem Morris and his staff were fired on January 2, 2012. A week later on January 9, Yarber was named the wide receivers coach for UCLA under new head coach Jim Mora. He returned to the NFL in as the wide receivers coach for the Los Angeles Rams. Yarber won his first championship as coach and second overall after the Rams defeated the Cincinnati Bengals in Super Bowl LVI. Personal life Yarber received his bachelor's degree from the University of Idaho in 1995. He was married in June 2005 to his wife Michele and they have one son Kameryon. References External links Los Angeles Rams bio 1963", "title": "Eric Yarber" }, { "docid": "42511426", "text": "Arrington Jones III (born February 16, 1959) is a former American football running back who played one season with the San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League (NFL). He was drafted by the San Francisco 49ers in the fifth round of the 1981 NFL Draft. He played college football at Winston-Salem State University and attended John Marshall High School in Richmond, Virginia. Jones was also a member of the Washington Federals of the United States Football League (USFL). He was a member of the San Francisco 49ers team that won Super Bowl XVI and has been a coach on several collegiate teams. College career Jones played for the Winston-Salem State Rams of Winston-Salem State University from 1978 to 1981. Professional career Jones was selected by the San Francisco 49ers of the NFL with the 122nd pick in the 1981 NFL Draft. He played in one game for the 49ers during the 1981 season. He fumbled two kickoff returns of the opening game of the 1981 season at Detroit, site of the Super Bowl that season. He was released after that game and never played another NFL game. The 49ers won Super Bowl XVI against the Cincinnati Bengals on January 24, 1982. Jones was a member of the USFL's Washington Federals during the 1983 off-season. He was released by the Federals on February 22, 1983. Coaching career Jones served as special teams coordinator for the Virginia State Trojans of Virginia State University from to 1986 to 1990. He was also assistant head coach and offensive coordinator from 1990 to 2000. The Trojans won the CIAA Championship in 1995. He was offensive coordinator and recruiting coordinator for the Winston-Salem State Rams from 2001 to 2003. The Rams appeared in the CIAA Championship Game in 2001. Jones served as head coach and offensive coordinator for the Virginia Union Panthers of Virginia Union University from 2004 to 2007, accruing a 21–21 record. He led the Panthers to a 9–1 regular season record in 2007, winning the CIAA Eastern Division Championship. The Panthers also earned a berth in the 2007 Pioneer Bowl, losing to the Tuskegee Golden Tigers. He was named the 2007 CIAA Coach of the Year. Jones resigned in March 2008, citing personal reasons. Jones was the offensive coordinator and quarterbacks coach of the Delaware State Hornets of Delaware State University from 2011 to 2014. Head coaching record References External links Just Sports Stats 1959 births 20th-century African-American sportspeople 21st-century African-American people African-American coaches of American football American football running backs Coaches of American football from Virginia Delaware State Hornets football coaches Living people Players of American football from Richmond, Virginia San Francisco 49ers players Virginia State Trojans football coaches Virginia Union Panthers football coaches Winston-Salem State Rams football coaches Winston-Salem State Rams football players", "title": "Arrington Jones" }, { "docid": "14062568", "text": "Thomas Anthony Colella (July 3, 1918 – May 15, 1992) was an American professional football halfback, punter and safety who played in the National Football League (NFL) and All-America Football Conference (AAFC) for the Detroit Lions, the Cleveland Rams, the Cleveland Browns and the Buffalo Bills. Colella grew up in New York and was a high school football star in his hometown of Albion, New York. He played four years of college football at Canisius College before being drafted by the NFL's Detroit Lions. He was on the Lions' roster for two years, after which he moved to the Rams in 1945 and the Browns of the AAFC in 1946. Colella stayed with the Browns for three years, in each of which the team won the AAFC championship. He spent the 1949 season with the Buffalo Bills before leaving football. High school and college career Colella grew up in Albion, New York, and played three sports at the city's Charles D'Amico High School. Was referenced as \"The Albion Antelope.\" After graduating, he attended Canisius College in Buffalo, New York, where he was a versatile football player for four years. He was a running back, quarterback, defensive back, kicker and kick-return man at the school, and won Little All-America honors three years in a row. He returned a kickoff for a touchdown and kicked two extra points in a Canisius Golden Griffins win over the then-undefeated Long Island Blackbirds in 1940. Professional career Collella was drafted by the National Football League's Detroit Lions in 1942, and played two seasons for the team. The Cleveland Rams acquired him in 1944. He played as a halfback and punter for the Rams, who won the NFL championship in 1945. The Cleveland Browns, a new team under formation in the All-America Football Conference, signed Colella soon after the 1945 season ended. He was among five players who joined the Browns when the Rams moved to Los Angeles before the 1946 season; the others were Chet Adams, Don Greenwood, Mike Scarry and Gaylon Smith. With the Browns, Colella was a punter and defensive halfback between 1946 and 1948. Colella had 10 interceptions in 1946, leading the AAFC. Cleveland coach Paul Brown said in 1948 that Colella provided \"the type of punt we want against such dangerous receivers as the Rockets and Buffalo Bills have. All of his kicks have gone out of bounds, and our opponents have gained exactly no yards on returns in the last two games.\" Cleveland won the AAFC championship in each of the three seasons he was with the team. Colella was traded to the Buffalo Bills in May 1949 along with Chet Adams, his former Rams teammate. \"We have won three championships, but we can't remain at a standstill,\" Brown said. He played one season for the Bills before leaving football. Later life and death In the 1950s, Colella stayed in Buffalo and worked as a salesman. Colella was inducted into the Canisius College Athletics Hall of Fame as part of", "title": "Tommy Colella" }, { "docid": "10680265", "text": "Adam Walsh (December 4, 1901 – January 13, 1985) was an American football player and coach. He played college football as a center at the University of Notre Dame where he was an All-American and captain of the 1924 team under Knute Rockne. Walsh then served as the head football coach at Santa Clara University from 1925 to 1928 and at Bowdoin College from 1935 to 1942 and again from 1947 to 1958, compiling a career college football record of 80–85–11. He also coached the Cleveland / Los Angeles Rams of the National Football League (NFL) in 1945 and 1946, tallying a mark of 15–5–1. Walsh was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a player in 1968. Playing career Walsh was an outstanding athlete at Hollywood High School in Los Angeles, and earned varsity letters in basketball, track, and football at the University of Notre Dame. Walsh was an All-American center and captain of the 1924 Notre Dame football team under head coach Knute Rockne. Walsh anchored the team's offensive line, dubbed the \"Seven Mules,\" who blocked for the famed \"Four Horsemen\" backfield. The 1924 team completed an undefeated season with a win over Stanford in the Rose Bowl. Walsh played every minute of the game against Army in 1924 with two broken hands, never missed a single snap of the ball, was involved in 75 percent of the tackles on defense, and intercepted a pass in the final minutes of the game to preserve a Notre Dame victory. He remains the offensive center on the All-time Notre Dame Team. Coaching career Walsh served as head football coach and athletic director at Santa Clara University from 1925 to 1928. He then spent five seasons as the line coach at Yale University, and one season at Harvard University in the same capacity. In 1935, Walsh accepted the head coaching position at Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine. Though Bowdoin had been winless the prior year, Walsh began his 20-year coaching career at the college with a state championship. His teams won or tied for the Maine championship in seven of his first eight years at Bowdoin. Bowdoin suspended their football program in 1943 with the onset of World War II. In 1944, Walsh returned to Notre Dame as a line coach for a season. In 1945, he led the Cleveland Rams to the NFL Championship and coached the team the next season after a move to Los Angeles. He returned to Bowdoin after two years with the Rams and a 15–5–1 coaching record in the NFL. Between 1947 and 1958, Walsh's Bowdoin teams won outright or shared the Maine state championship four more times. Later life and honors After retiring from coaching, Walsh served two terms in the Maine House of Representatives, representing Brunswick as a Democrat and was appointed the U.S. Marshal for Maine under Presidents Kennedy and Johnson. Walsh was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1968, the Helms Hall of Fame, and the", "title": "Adam Walsh (American football)" }, { "docid": "32457607", "text": "Todd Robert Monken (born February 5, 1966) is an American football coach who is the offensive coordinator for the Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League (NFL). He is also the former offensive coordinator for the University of Georgia, Cleveland Browns, Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Oklahoma State University and Eastern Michigan University, as well as the former head coach at the University of Southern Mississippi. College years Monken attended Knox College in Galesburg, Illinois, where he was a three-year letter-winner at quarterback for Knox and earned first-team small college All-America as a senior. While attending Knox, he was a member of the Xi Chapter of Beta Theta Pi. He earned a bachelor's degree in economics from Knox and a master's degree in education leadership from Grand Valley State University. Coaching career Early years Monken got his start in coaching at Grand Valley State under Tom Beck. When Beck moved to Notre Dame as offensive coordinator in 1991, Monken also joined the staff as a graduate assistant. During his time at Grand Valley, he coached with defensive assistant Brian Kelly, the current coach of Louisiana State University. As the offensive coordinator Monken led Eastern Michigan to some of the best offenses in the history of the program. In his second stint at Oklahoma State he tutored Justin Blackmon into one of the best receivers in college football. Mike Gundy introduced him as the next offensive coordinator tasked with keeping one of the nation's best offenses as potent as it has been in recent years. Gundy stated, “Todd is a really good fit for what we need. He’s been in the Big 12 and SEC and he’s coached at places that have won at a high level. He’s an experienced, intelligent coach who will be able to come in and help us pick up where we left off. We’re excited to have him join our staff.” Jacksonville Jaguars In 2007, Monken was hired by the Jacksonville Jaguars to be their wide receivers coach. Southern Miss On December 10, 2012, it was reported that Monken accepted the position as head coach of the Southern Miss football team. He was hired to replace Ellis Johnson after an 0–12 season. Tampa Bay Buccaneers On January 24, 2016, Monken was hired by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers to be their offensive coordinator. After Buccaneers head coach Dirk Koetter was fired after the 2018 season, Monken was not retained on new head coach Bruce Arians' staff. Cleveland Browns On January 14, 2019, Monken was hired by the Cleveland Browns to be their offensive coordinator under new head coach Freddie Kitchens. Georgia On January 17, 2020, Monken was hired by the Georgia Bulldogs to be their offensive coordinator and quarterbacks coach under head coach, Kirby Smart. He was part of the Bulldogs' coaching staff that won the National Championship over Alabama in the 2021 season. He won his second championship as part of the Georgia coaching staff when they defeated TCU in the National Championship. Baltimore Ravens On February 14,", "title": "Todd Monken" }, { "docid": "22439992", "text": "James Marcellus Kendrick (August 22, 1893 – November 17, 1941) was a professional American football player during the early years of the National Football League (NFL) with the Toledo Maroons, Canton Bulldogs, Louisville Brecks, Chicago Bears, Hammond Pros, Buffalo Bisons, Rochester Jeffersons, Rock Island Independents, Buffalo Rangers and the New York Giants. Kendrick was a part of the Bulldogs' 1922 NFL championship team and the Giants' 1927 NFL Championship team. Early life Jim, born in Hillside, Texas, on August 22, 1893, was the youngest of nine children to J. M. and Lura Kendrick. In 1904 his family relocated to Waco, Texas where Jim attended Douglas Select School. The school did not have a football team at the time, however Jim did excel on the school's baseball team. In 1911, he was elected 'president of his senior class. College Jim did not play organized football until he entered Texas A&M University. There he earned All-Conference honors as an end in 1915. During the 1915 season, Kendrick and the Aggies defeated their rival Texas Longhorns 13–0. Jim also played baseball and basketball for the Aggies. Military service In 1916, Jim was a lieutenant in the Texas National Guard. He was part of the Second Texas Infantry Regiment. That year, he was part of a force called up to track down the Mexican bandit (or revolutionary) Pancho Villa. Jim served in the US forces under the legendary General Jack Pershing. Jim joined the United States Army in 1917 and was in France during World War I. During this era, many military units created football teams. Jim's team, the Texas 2nd Infantry, won the U.S. National Guard Championship in 1917. The team won eight games and was only scored on once. Kendrick also played for the 36th Division in the 1919 American Expeditionary Force championship game in Paris. Professional football When the war ended, Jim became an assistant football coach at Baylor. In 1922, Jim played professional football and signed with Canton Bulldogs of the National Football League. Jim played for the Bulldogs however he would occasionally sneak into the line-up for the Toledo Maroons for a few games. That year the Bulldogs won the 1922 NFL Championship. In 1923, Jim accepted an assistant coaching position at Centre College in Danville, Kentucky. He also coached the school's baseball and basketball teams. On Sundays, he played for the Louisville Brecks. The team was 0–3 in NFL competition. In 1924 Jim played for the Chicago Bears and still kept his coaching position at Centre and during the off-season, Jim managed and played for the Cleveland Indians minor league affiliate in Bradenton, Florida. In 1925, Jim began playing for the Hammond Pros. However, the Buffalo Bisons wrestled him away from his contract to play football for them in 1925. He also played for the Rochester Jeffersons and Rock Island Independents in 1925 In 1926 Jim was chosen to form a team for the Buffalo Bisons, composed only of players from Texas and Oklahoma. The team was renamed", "title": "Jim Kendrick" }, { "docid": "1331635", "text": "Daniel Edward Reeves (January 19, 1944 – January 1, 2022) was an American professional football running back and coach in the National Football League (NFL). During his 38 years in the NFL, Reeves participated in nine Super Bowls, the third most for an individual. He was a head coach for 23 seasons, a position he held with the Denver Broncos from 1981 to 1992, the New York Giants from 1993 to 1996, and the Atlanta Falcons from 1997 to 2003. As a player, he spent his eight-season career with the Dallas Cowboys, who signed him as an undrafted free agent in 1965. Reeves played college football for the South Carolina Gamecocks. He made his first two Super Bowl appearances during his playing career, winning one in Super Bowl VI. He began his coaching career in 1972 as an assistant for Cowboys, where he made three championship appearances and was part of the staff that won Super Bowl XII. As the head coach of the Broncos for twelve seasons, Reeves led the team to three championship appearances in Super Bowl XXI, Super Bowl XXII, and Super Bowl XXIV, each of which ended in defeat. Following four seasons as the head coach of the Giants, Reeves served as the Falcons' head coach for seven seasons. His most successful season with the Falcons was in 1998, when he led the franchise to their championship debut in Super Bowl XXXIII, in which he was defeated by his former team, the Broncos. He won the Associated Press NFL Coach of the Year Award for the second time after the season, the ninth coach to win the award on multiple occasions. For his accomplishments in Denver, Reeves was inducted to the Broncos Ring of Fame in 2014. One of only thirteen NFL head coaches to win 200 career games, Reeves has the most playoff wins (eleven, tied with Marv Levy) and Super Bowl appearances (four, tied with Levy and Bud Grant) among NFL head coaches to not win a championship. He is also tied with Jeff Fisher & Bill Belichick for the most regular season losses in NFL history at 165, but has the second-most total losses at 174, behind Belichick at 178. Reeves and Marty Schottenheimer are the only eligible NFL head coaches with 200 career wins that have not been inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame. Early years Born in Rome, Georgia, Reeves grew up in Americus, Georgia. He attended Americus High School, where he participated in football, baseball, and basketball. After Reeves missed four games with a broken collarbone during his senior season, only the University of South Carolina was interested enough to offer him a football scholarship. The interest from other schools came later, when he won the MVP trophy at the Georgia High School football All-star game, but he decided to stay with his first choice. Reeves also was selected to the All-state basketball team in 1961. College career Reeves played college football for the South Carolina Gamecocks, where", "title": "Dan Reeves" }, { "docid": "10470750", "text": "Richard James Miano (born September 3, 1962) is a former American football defensive back who played 10 seasons for three teams in the National Football League (NFL). He has served as executive director of the Hula Bowl, a college football all-star game, since it was revived in 2020. Biography Miano was a walk-on for the Hawaii Rainbow Warriors college football team in 1981, and became an all-Western Athletic Conference defensive back in 1983 and 1984. Miano was selected in the sixth round of the 1985 NFL Draft by the New York Jets, where he played five seasons. After missing the entire 1990 season with a knee injury, Miano went to the Philadelphia Eagles where he played four seasons. In 1995, his final season in the NFL, he played for the Atlanta Falcons. After his retirement from the NFL, Miano moved back to his home in Honolulu, Hawaii, where he became an associate coach with the Hawaii Rainbow Warriors. After head coach Greg McMackin resigned from Hawaii in 2011, Miano became head coach for the Henry J. Kaiser High School team. There, Miano's team won an HHSAA championship in 2013 with a 12–1 record. In July 2014, Miano was hired as a color analyst for Hawaii football games broadcast on OC Sports. Miano and his wife, Lori, have two children. Head coaching record Miano accrued a 20–4 record in two seasons as head coach of the Kaiser Cougars, including leading them to a state championship in 2013, when the team defeated Kauai in the D-II final, 17–7. References External links Hawaii profile 1962 births Living people American football safeties Atlanta Falcons players Hawaii Rainbow Warriors football coaches High school football coaches in Hawaii Hawaii Rainbow Warriors football players New York Jets players Philadelphia Eagles players Sportspeople from Newton, Massachusetts Players of American football from Middlesex County, Massachusetts", "title": "Rich Miano" }, { "docid": "37960984", "text": "Fordyce High School (FHS) is a comprehensive public high school located in Fordyce, Arkansas, United States. The school provides secondary education in grades 9 through 12 for students encompassing of land. Most of the district (and therefore the high school attendance boundary) is in Dallas County, and there it includes Fordyce, Ivan, and Princeton. The district extends into Calhoun County. It is the only public high school in Dallas County and the only high school administered by the Fordyce School District. Academics The assumed course of study is the Smart Core curriculum developed by the Arkansas Department of Education. Students may engage in regular and Advanced Placement (AP) coursework and exams prior to graduation. Fordyce High School is accredited by ADE. Athletics The Fordyce High School mascot and athletic emblem is uniquely the Redbug with cardinal and black serving as the school colors. For 2012–14, the Fordyce Redbugs compete in interscholastic activities within the 3A Classification administered by the Arkansas Activities Association. The Redbugs play within the 3A Region 6 (football) and 3A Region 8 (basketball) conferences. The Redbugs participate in football, golf (boys/girls), basketball (boys/girls), cheer, baseball, fastpitch softball, tennis (boys/girls), track and field (boys/girls). Football: The Redbugs football teams have won Eight state football championships (1930, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1990, 1991, and 2019 and 2020) The 1990 and 1991 Redbugs were led by head coach Jim Cox. The 2019 Redbugs were led by head coach Tim Rodgers. The team finished with a 13–2 overall record and defeated Junction City on December 14 by a score of 28–6 to win the State title. The 2020 Redbugs were led by head coach Tim Rodgers. The team won 15 games to complete a perfect season. The Championship game was played at War Memorial Stadium on December 12 with Fordyce defeating Des Arc 35–32 The private Clary Training School in Fordyce won the 1911 championship. The football stadium was renamed Redbug Field at Paul Bear Bryant Stadium in honor of the 1931 graduate who led Fordyce to a 1930 perfect season and a state championship and went on to become the winningest college football coach at the time of his retirement. Golf: The Redbugs boys golf teams have won five state golf championships (1963, 1964, 1965, 2009 and 2014). Tennis: The Redbugs boys tennis teams have won two state tennis championships (1968, 1971). Notable people The following are notable people associated with Fordyce High School. If the person was a Fordyce High School student, the number in parentheses indicates the year of graduation; if the person was a faculty or staff member, that person's title and years of association are included: Anderson W. Atkinson (1941)—U.S. Air Force Major General Jim Benton (coach, 1941)—professional football player; NFL 1940s All-Decade Team Paul \"Bear\" Bryant (1931)—player and coach in College Football Hall of Fame; won six national championships Raylee Johnson (1988)—NFL professional football player (1993–2004) Larry Lacewell (1954)—college coach, athletic director and NFL executive Red Parker (coach, 1953–60)—college and high school football coach; led Fordyce", "title": "Fordyce High School" }, { "docid": "11209151", "text": "Walter Robert Yowarsky (May 10, 1928 – November 30, 2014) was an American football defensive end, offensive lineman, coach, and scout in the National Football League (NFL) for 50 years. Early years Yowarsky was born in Cleveland, Ohio, to Michael and Anna Yowarsky. He attended and played high school football at Lincoln High School. He was also a well-known high school baseball player and was drafted by the Cincinnati Reds after high school but decided pursue football instead. College career Yowarsky attended and played college football at the University of Kentucky under head coach Bear Bryant. During his tenure, the Kentucky Wildcats won their first league championship in football (1950), and went to two bowl games, winning the Sugar Bowl. The Wildcats appeared in the 1951 Sugar Bowl against the #1 ranked Oklahoma Sooners. Yowarsky, despite having played less than five minutes of defense all season, took the field as a third defensive tackle in that game, alongside Outland Trophy winner Bob Gain. Yowarsky recovered a fumble at the Oklahoma 22-yard line, leading to Kentucky's first score on the next play. In the third quarter Oklahoma had the ball at the Kentucky three-yard line and Yowarsky tackled Billy Vessels (future Heisman Trophy winner) for a five-yard loss, after which the Sooners were stopped on downs and Kentucky took possession. In the fourth quarter Yowarsky recovered a fumbled punt. Kentucky won the game 13–7, ending the Sooners' 33-game winning streak and Yowarsky was named the game's MVP. Kentucky's victory over the nation's #1 ranked team in the bowl game led to an officially recognized national championship. Professional career Yowarsky was selected in third round (29th overall) of the 1951 NFL Draft by the Washington Redskins. He played until midway through the 1952 season when he entered the Air Force. He returned in 1954 and played in 11 games with 10 starts. On January 28, 1955, he was traded to the Detroit Lions, along with Jim Ricca, in exchange for LaVern Torgeson and Jim Hill. However, he only played two games for the Lions, before being released on October 3. On October 5, 1955, he was claimed off waivers by the New York Giants, where he played until 1957. He was the starting defensive end for the Giants during their 1956 NFL Championship Game win over the Chicago Bears. Yowarsky was then traded to the San Francisco 49ers in 1958, where he finished his career. Coaching and scouting career Coaching After retiring from football, Yowarsky became an assistant coach and scout with the Giants from 1959 to 1960. He then became the offensive line coach for the Minnesota Vikings in head coach Norm Van Brocklin in 1961 (their inaugural season in the NFL) through 1966. In 1967, he left the Vikings organization to become offensive line coach for the New Orleans Saints, who were also playing their inaugural season in the NFL. Yowarsky resigned the position at the end of the 1968 season, along with three other assistant coaches; Jack Faulkner, George", "title": "Walt Yowarsky" }, { "docid": "30147957", "text": "Joe Emerson Spencer (August 15, 1923 – October 24, 1996) was an American football tackle and coach who played in the All-America Football Conference (AAFC) and the National Football League (NFL). He is often mistaken for the notorious advertising sales rep, Joe Spencer. He was a member of the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1948 and the Cleveland Browns in 1949 before playing two seasons with the Green Bay Packers. Spencer grew up in Oklahoma and attended Oklahoma State. He played football there in 1942 before spending three years in the U.S. Army during World War II. He returned to finish his college career in 1946, and the following year was selected to play in the annual East-West college all-star game. After graduating, Spencer signed with the Dodgers in the AAFC, playing there for one year. He then joined the Browns, who won the AAFC championship in 1949. He retired after two more years with the NFL's Packers. Spencer started a coaching career in 1953 as an assistant at Austin College. He became the school's head coach between 1955 and 1960. He then took a job as the offensive line coach for the Houston Oilers, who won the American Football League championship in 1961. He later served as an assistant coach with a variety of other AFL and NFL teams, including a 1968 New York Jets team that won Super Bowl III. Spencer died of cancer in 1996. He is a member of Austin College's athletics hall of fame, and the school named its coaching lifetime achievement award after him. Early life and college Spencer was born in Cleveland County, Oklahoma and attended Capitol Hill High School in Oklahoma City. After graduating, he enrolled at Oklahoma State University and played on the school's football team starting in 1942. After his first season, however, Spencer left Oklahoma to serve in the U.S. Army during World War II. He was in the Army's 2nd Armored Division and was the player-coach of its football team, which won the European service championship in 1945. After the war, Spencer returned to Oklahoma State for the 1946 and 1947 seasons. In 1947, he was chosen to play on the West team in the annual East–West Shrine Game, a college all-star game. Spencer had been selected by the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League in the 1945 draft, but he signed with the Brooklyn Dodgers of the All-America Football Conference after graduating in 1948. Professional career Spencer played as a tackle both on offense and defense for the Dodgers in 1948, when the team finished with a 2–12 win–loss record. As the Dodgers struggled on the field, the team also struggled financially and was forced to merge with the New York Yankees after the season. That left a number of former Brooklyn players available for other AAFC teams, and the Cleveland Browns signed Spencer. Spencer played for the Browns during the 1949 season, when the team finished with a 9–1–2 win–loss–tie record and won the AAFC championship. He", "title": "Joe Spencer (American football)" }, { "docid": "7728450", "text": "Arlen Quincy Harris Sr. (born April 22, 1980) is a former NFL running back who played for the St. Louis Rams, Detroit Lions, and the Atlanta Falcons. He played college football for the University of Virginia and Hofstra University. He won a PIAA State Championship at Downingtown High School as a player in 1997. He won a MSHSAA State Championship at Lutheran St. Charles in 2021 as the head varsity coach, named Coach of the Year along with his oldest son AJ receiving Offensive POY and his youngest son Ayden Defensive POY. Biography Arlen was born in Chester, Pennsylvania, and was considered one of the top 3 running backs coming out of Downingtown High School where he won a PIAA State Championship and broke Tony Dorsett's rushing record. He was a Parade All-American. He also played in the Big 33 All-Star game vs the top players in Ohio and won MVP. In college, Harris did not play his junior year, due to an injury to his knee, or his senior year because he transferred and lost that year's eligibility. So, Harris did not play football for two years until he made his return to football in the Paradise Bowl all-star game in Las Vegas and was named MVP. Harris was undrafted in the 2003 NFL Draft, and signed with the NFL's St. Louis Rams. He played three seasons with the Rams, starting three games and scoring three touchdowns versus the Steelers' #1 defense. He moved to the Detroit Lions in 2006, also starting three games there. He ended his career with the Atlanta Falcons with a knee injury in the last pre-season game against the Baltimore Ravens. Harris and his wife, Heather, have three children, Caeli, Arlen Jr., and Ayden. In 2017, Harris was inducted into the Chester County Sports Hall of Fame. In 2018 , Harris was inducted into the Downingtown High School Hall of Fame. References 1980 births American football running backs Detroit Lions players Hofstra Pride football players Living people People from Downingtown, Pennsylvania Players of American football from Chester, Pennsylvania Players of American football from Chester County, Pennsylvania St. Louis Rams players Virginia Cavaliers football players", "title": "Arlen Harris" }, { "docid": "37051506", "text": "Angelo Robert Gaudio (July 13, 1925 – May 10, 2003) was an American football guard who played four seasons for the Cleveland Browns in the All-America Football Conference (AAFC) and National Football League (NFL) between 1947 and 1951. Gaudio grew up in Cleveland, Ohio and attended college at Ohio State University, where he played as a guard for two seasons interrupted by service in World War II. He then joined the Browns, playing under head coach Paul Brown for three seasons before retiring. The Browns won the AAFC championship in each of Gaudio's years with the team. He came out of retirement to play a final season in Cleveland in 1951. After football, Gaudio worked for his family's construction business in Chagrin Falls, Ohio and later moved to Miami, Florida to start a construction business. He died in Miami in 2003. High school and college career Gaudio attended Shaw High School in East Cleveland, Ohio and was a star guard on the school's football team for three seasons. He then enrolled at Ohio State University, continuing as a guard on the Ohio State Buckeyes football team beginning as a freshman in 1942. Gaudio was set to play in 1943 under head coach Paul Brown, but instead joined the Army Air Force during World War II. Professional football career Gaudio returned to Ohio State after the war for the 1946 season. He then worked in the construction business with his father before joining the Cleveland Browns in the All-America Football Conference in the summer of 1947, despite having two years of college eligibility left. He barely made the team, but Brown, who had become the first coach of the Browns, called Gaudio \"technically perfect\" and said he had the speed and agility he wanted in a guard. As part of Cleveland's offensive line, Gaudio helped protect quarterback Otto Graham and open up running room for fullback Marion Motley. He was used primarily in his first season as a defensive lineman, but played increasingly on offense the following year after assistant coach Blanton Collier praised his technique in an annual review of film from the previous season. He played more snaps in 1948 than veteran guard Lin Houston. \"Lin hasn't lost his touch, he's just as good as ever,\" Browns guard coach Fritz Heisler said at the time. \"But this fellow Gaudio has been doing a terrific job for us and we just can't keep him off the field.\" Helped by strong line play, Cleveland finished the 1947 season with a 12–1–1 record and defeated the New York Yankees to win the AAFC championship. The team won the championship again in 1948, winning all of its games and turning in professional football's first perfect season. The Browns again won the AAFC championship in 1949, but the league dissolved after the season and the Browns were absorbed by the more established National Football League (NFL). Gaudio retired after the 1949 season, when he was 24 years old. He came out of retirement to", "title": "Bob Gaudio (American football)" }, { "docid": "16411143", "text": "The Detroit Lions are a professional American football team based in Detroit, Michigan. They are currently a member of the North Division of the National Football Conference (NFC) in the National Football League (NFL). The franchise has had 30 head coaches in team history, which includes its existence as the Portsmouth (Ohio) Spartans (1930–1933). In the 1934 NFL season, the franchise moved to Detroit and changed their name to the Lions. George \"Potsy\" Clark is the only coach to have more than one tenure. Three coaches have won NFL championships with the team: Potsy Clark in 1935, Buddy Parker in 1952 and 1953, and George Wilson in 1957. Wayne Fontes is the all-time leader in games coached and wins, and Clark leads all coaches in winning percentage with .679 (with at least one full season coached). John Karcis is statistically the worst coach the Lions have had as he never won a game. Karcis is followed by Marty Mornhinweg with a winning percentage of .156. Of the 30 Lions coaches, two have been elected into the Pro Football Hall of Fame: Dutch Clark and Joe Schmidt. Gus Dorais was inducted in the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1954. Several former players have been head coach for the Lions, including Dutch Edwards, Buddy Parker, Harry Gilmer, Joe Schmidt, Dick Jauron, and the current head coach Dan Campbell, who was hired on January 20, 2021. Coaches Note: Statistics are accurate through the end of the 2023 NFL season. Notes References External links Detroit Lions Head coaches", "title": "List of Detroit Lions head coaches" }, { "docid": "30321996", "text": "Pete Richardson (born October 17, 1946) is a former American football defensive back in the National Football League (NFL) and former college head coach. Richardson played college football at University of Dayton, and was drafted by the Buffalo Bills in the sixth round of the 1968 NFL Draft. He played for the Bills for three years until a knee injury ended his playing career. Richardson began his coaching career in the late 1970s at the high school football ranks in Dayton, Ohio, before moving up to NCAA Division II football in 1979 as he joined the coaching staff at Winston-Salem State University in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. In 1988, Richardson became the head coach of the Winston-Salem State Rams, succeeding Bill Hayes, who left to become the head football coach at North Carolina A&T State University. Richardson served as head coach from 1988 to 1992, compiling a win–loss record of 41–14–1, winning three Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association (CIAA) championships—in 1988, 1990, 1991—and leading the Rams to two appearances in the NCAA Division II Football Championship playoffs, in 1990 and 1991. Richardson left the Winston-Salem State in 1993 to become head football coach at Southern University in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. During his tenure at Southern, the Jaguars won five Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC) championships, including three consecutives titles from 1997 to 1999, as well four black college football national championships, in 1993, 1995, 1997, and 2003. His teams also made six appearances in the Heritage Bowl, a postseason bowl game for historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs). Richardson compiled a win–loss record of 134–62 in 17 seasons as head coach, making him the second winningest coach in program history behind coach Ace Mumford. He is the only coach in the history of the Jaguars football program to have an undefeated record against College Football Hall of Fame coach Eddie Robinson of the rival Grambling State Tigers in the Bayou Classic. Richardso has collected many accolades allocated to football coaches of HBCUs, such as the Black Coaches Association's Coach of the Year in 1998, five-time SWAC Coach of the Year (1995, 1997, 1998, 1999 and 2003), Atlanta's 100% Wrong Club's Coach of the Year (1995, 1997, 1998, 1999 and 2003), Washington D.C.'s Pigskin Club's Coach of the Year (1995, 1998 and 2003), the Kodak Region IV Coach of the Year (1995) and the Sheridan Broadcasting Network's Coach of the Year (1997 and 2003). Head coaching record College References External links 1946 births Living people American football defensive backs American Football League players Buffalo Bills players Dayton Flyers football players Southern Jaguars football coaches Winston-Salem State Rams football coaches High school football coaches in Ohio Coaches of American football from Ohio Players of American football from Youngstown, Ohio African-American coaches of American football 20th-century African-American sportspeople 21st-century African-American sportspeople", "title": "Pete Richardson" }, { "docid": "4626686", "text": "Philip Jacob Handler (July 21, 1908 – December 8, 1968) was an American football player and coach who spent his entire professional career in the city of Chicago. He had a seven-year, 53-game NFL playing career, during which he was named All-Pro four times. On three separate occasions, Handler served as head coach of the Chicago Cardinals, and later as an assistant coach for the Chicago Bears. He served as an assistant coach for the Cardinals when they won the 1947 NFL Championship; and with the Bears when they won the 1963 NFL Championship. Early life Handler was born in Fort Worth, Texas, and was Jewish. His parents had immigrated to the United States from Lithuania. He was nicknamed \"Motsy.\" College career Prior to his professional debut, Handler played college football at Texas Christian University. He played at TCU for three years beginning in 1927 under head coach Francis Schmidt. During his college career, Handler earned All-SWC honors as an offensive guard, and was an Honorable Mention All-American in 1929. In 1929 Handler and the Horned Frogs won the Southwest Conference. NFL career After graduating from college in 1930, Handler decided to pursue a career in pro football. However, he was an undersized lineman, standing at just , . Despite Cardinals' coach Ernie Nevers' dismissive comment upon his arrival with the Cardinals in summer 1930: \"You'll never make it kid. You're too small\", Handler went on to a seven-year, 53-game NFL playing career with the team, during which he was named All-Pro from 1931 to 1933, and 2nd Team All-Pro (UPI) in 1935. He also served in a player-coach during the 1935 and 1936 seasons. Coaching career Chicago Cardinals Upon his retirement during the 1937 NFL season, Handler was named to the Cardinals' coaching staff. His career with the Cardinals appeared to have ended on November 28, 1938, when he and head coach Milan Creighton resigned following a 2–9 finish, however Handler later reconsidered his decision and continued as an assistant coach. On July 3, 1943, Handler took over the Cardinals' head coaching duties when head coach Jimmy Conzelman accepted a front office position with baseball's St. Louis Browns. However, with manning shortages due to World War II, the Cardinals lost all 10 games that season. The team then merged with the Pittsburgh Steelers in 1944 to form what was referred to as \"Card-Pitt\" in the standings. Handler and Walt Kiesling were named the team's co-coaches. That effort also resulted in a winless season in 1944, and after a 1–9 season the next year, Handler gave way for the returning Conzelman. The return of Conzelman and many of their top players, helped the Cardinals improve to 6–5 in 1946, followed by the franchise's only undisputed NFL title the next season, with a 28–21 victory over the Philadelphia Eagles on December 28, 1947, at Comiskey Park in Chicago. That season Handler was an assistant coach on the Cardinals' NFL Championship team. In 1949 Conzelman again resigned as head coach of the", "title": "Phil Handler" }, { "docid": "23208439", "text": "The South Carolina State Bulldogs football team represents South Carolina State University in college football. The Bulldogs play in the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) as a member of the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference (MEAC). A historically dominant football program, the Bulldogs lead the MEAC in conference championships. The school has produced four players enshrined in the Pro Football Hall of Fame including Harry Carson, Deacon Jones, Marion Motley, and Donnie Shell. Other legendary Bulldog players include Robert Porcher, Shaquille Leonard, Charlie Brown and Orlando Brown Sr. among others. Former SC State Coach Willie Jeffries became the first African American Head Coach of a predominantly white Division I-A football program, when he was hired to coach the Wichita State football program in 1979. Jeffries is enshrined in the College Football Hall of Fame. History List of South Carolina State Bulldogs football seasons Classifications 1956–1972: NCAA College Division 1967–1969: NAIA 1970–1978: NAIA Division I 1973–1977: NCAA Division II 1978–present: NCAA Division I–AA/FCS Conference memberships 1907–1928: Independent 1929–1934: Southeastern Athletic Conference 1935–1970: Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference 1971–present: Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference South Carolina State vs. In-State NCAA Division I schools Championships National Championships The Bulldogs have been awarded a NCAA-recognized black college football national championship six times in program history. Conference Championships South Carolina State has won eighteen Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference titles, ten outright and eight shared. *Denotes shared title. Division I-AA/FCS Playoffs results The Bulldogs have appeared in the I-AA/FCS playoffs six times with a record of 2–6. Bowl game results The Bulldogs have appeared in 14 bowl games, with a record of 7–7. Professional Football Hall of Fame members (Canton, Ohio) Harry Carson Deacon Jones Marion Motley Donnie Shell College Football Hall of Fame members Harry Carson Willie Jeffries Donnie Shell Note: Dennis Thomas, who served as Bulldogs head coach in the late 1980s, is also an inductee of the College Football Hall of Fame, for his time as a player at Alcorn State. Alumni in the NFL Over 40 South Carolina State alumni have played in the NFL, including: Phillip Adams Charlie Brown Orlando Brown Sr. Rafael Bush Barney Bussey Harry Carson Barney Chavous Anthony Cook Cobie Durant John Gilliam Javon Hargrave Dwayne Harper Antonio Hamilton Temarrick Hemingway Willie Holman Deacon Jones William Judson Angelo King James Lee Shaquille Leonard Marshall McFadden Kimario McFadden Ervin Parker Robert Porcher Joe Thomas Christian Thompson Chatrick \"Chuck\" Darby Rivalries SC State has maintained heated rivalries with the North Carolina A&T Aggies, Florida A&M Rattlers, and Bethune-Cookman Wildcats. NCAA Record On November 19, 2016, Joe Thomas Sr., father of Green Bay Packers linebacker Joe Thomas, became the oldest player to play in an NCAA Division I game. At 55 years of age, Thomas Sr. had one carry for three yards as a running back in a contest versus Savannah State. See also list of black college football classics References External links American football teams established in 1907 1907 establishments in South Carolina", "title": "South Carolina State Bulldogs football" } ]	[ "Barry Layne Switzer", "Pete Carroll", "Jimmy Johnson" ]
train_21975	when did susan lewis come back to er	[ { "docid": "56841363", "text": "Dr. K's Exotic Animal ER is an American television series on the Nat Geo Wild network. It premiered on October 4, 2014, and follows Susan Kelleher, the titular Dr. K, and the veterinarians and staff of the Broward Avian and Exotic Animal Hospital located in Deerfield Beach, Florida. An eighth season premiered in September 2019. A separate series, titled Dr. K's Exotic Animal ER: Gloves Off!, premiered in 2016 and consists of enhanced episodes of the original series. The show's Dr. Lauren Thielen received her own Nat Geo Wild show titled Dr. T, Lone Star Vet, which premiered in October 2019. Cast Source: Veterinarians Dr. Susan Kelleher D.V.M. (\"Dr. K.\") Dr. Veronica Pardini, D.V.M. Dr. Carlos Salvioli, Invited D.V.M. Veterinary staff Jasmine Sommers, Office Manager Dyanne Velasquez, Certified Veterinary Technician Kristin Runkle, Veterinary Technician Narrators Art Edmonds Alex Quenga Josh Goodman Episodes Season 1 (2014) Season 2 (2015) Season 3 (2016) Season 4 (2017) Season 5 (2018) Season 6 (2018) Season 7 (2019) Season 8 (2019) Season 9 (2021) References National Geographic (American TV channel) original programming Nature educational television series 2014 American television series debuts American English-language television shows Veterinary reality television series", "title": "Dr. K's Exotic Animal ER" } ]	[ { "docid": "50931218", "text": "Taylor Pie (born 1947) is an American folk singer from Jacksonville, Texas, better known as Susan Taylor, a founding member of the Pozo-Seco Singers, whose recording of Michael Merchant's song \"Time\" topped the charts in Boston, Chicago and Los Angeles. After the group disbanded, she helped launch the country music career of fellow Pozo, Don Williams. In the 1970s she formed a group called The City Country Band with Richard Frank in New York City, and Bette Midler used one of her songs, \"Back in the Bars Again\" in her Clams on the Half Shell Review. After moving to Stockbridge, MA, Susan took the name Taylor Pie as her professional handle and wrote, \"Full Grown Fool\" with Allen Reynolds which became a country hit for Mickey Gilley. \"Just Like Angels,\" penned with Dickey Lee was nominated for a gospel Dove award. Tanya Tucker, The Oak Ridge Boys, Don Williams, The Forester Sisters, John Connely, Terri Hendrix, Valerie Smith, The Tuttles with AJ Lee, the Lewis Family, Cluster Pluckers and others have recorded Pie songs. In 2015, Taylor was inducted into the National Traditional Country Music Assn Hall of Fame in Le Mars, Iowa. She is Director of A&R at PuffBunny Records and engaged in promoting a new type of performance art called Songswarm. , Pie actively writes, publishes, produces and tours. Industry awards National Traditional Country Music Association voted Taylor Pie as one of their 2015 inductees into \"America’s Old Time Country Music Hall of Fame\" Women of Substance \"So Little Has Changed”, was added to the playlist on the Americana segment each week, Oct.-Dec. 2012 Discography A partial discography is available. Examples: Shades of Time (1968) – Pozo Seco (Susan Taylor and Don Williams with Ron Shaw) - Columbia re-released (2013) Real Gone Music with 11 bonus tracks Finally Getting Home (1972) – Susan Taylor – JMI Records Crying in the Rain (1975) – Susan Taylor – Private Stock Records 45 RPM single Long Ride Home (2003) – Taylor Pie – Pecan Pie Music Jubal (2005) – Taylor Pie – Pecan Pie Music So Little Has Changed (2007) – Taylor Pie – PuffBunny Records LIVE at Hondo's (2009) – Taylor Pie with Eben Wood – PuffBunny Records Taylor Pie aka Susan Taylor Finally Getting Home (2012) – Re-release of JMI – PuffBunny Records References National Traditional Country Music Association Women of Substance Radio Show Taylor Pie - The Music Never Dies \"So Little Has Changed\" review on My Texas Music Taylor Pie biography on ReverbNattion External links Taylor Pie. Much of the biographical and discography information in this article comes from that site, accessed June 26, 2016. 1947 births Living people American women country singers American country singer-songwriters American folk singers Singer-songwriters from Texas Country musicians from Texas 21st-century American women", "title": "Taylor Pie" }, { "docid": "21478972", "text": "Aslan () is a major character in C. S. Lewis's The Chronicles of Narnia series. Unlike any other character in the Narnian series, Aslan appears in all seven chronicles. Aslan is depicted as a talking lion and is described as the King of Beasts, the son of the Emperor-Over-the-Sea, and the King above all High Kings in Narnia. C.S. Lewis often capitalizes the word lion in reference to Aslan since he parallels Jesus as the \"Lion of Judah\" in Christian theology. The word aslan means \"lion\" in Turkish. Role in The Chronicles of Narnia The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe Aslan is first mentioned by Mr. Beaver when the Pevensie children arrive in Narnia. He is described by Mr. Beaver as being the true king of Narnia who has returned to help the Pevensies to free Narnia of the White Witch's rule. Mr and Mrs. Beaver guide Peter, Susan and Lucy to the stone table to meet Aslan. They inform Aslan that Edmund has betrayed them by joining the White Witch. Aslan sends some of his followers to rescue Edmund. The next day, Aslan is approached by the White Witch who demands her right to kill Edmund, as the deep magic states that all traitors belong to her. Aslan discusses the matter in private with the Witch, persuading her to release Edmund. That same night, Aslan travels to the stone table with Susan and Lucy. The Witch and her followers bind Aslan to the stone table—it is revealed that Aslan had agreed to be killed to save Edmund. However, due to a deeper magic (which the Witch was unaware of), Aslan is brought back to life and manages to rescue his followers who have been turned to stone by the Witch. He brings his followers to the battle where he kills the Witch himself, ending her tyranny once and for all. Aslan is present at the coronation of the four Pevensie children. He then leaves to attend to other duties with Mr. Beaver convincing the Pevensie children that he will be coming and going. Prince Caspian The Pevensies are summoned into Narnia from their world to help Caspian—the rightful King of Narnia—overthrow his usurping Uncle Miraz and restore freedom to the land. When they get lost in the forest, Aslan calls Lucy to lead her siblings to him; some obey more faithfully than others. Aslan helps Peter, Edmund, and Trumpkin the Dwarf to come to Caspian's aid in time to thwart an attempt on his life. Aslan then leads an army of awakened Trees and Maenads to victory against Miraz's Telmarine occupation. He later crowns Caspian as King and creates a door whereby surviving Telmarines can leave the Narnian world if they so choose. The Voyage of the Dawn Treader Edmund and Lucy Pevensie are transported to the eastern ocean of the Narnian world along with their cousin, the recalcitrant Eustace, where they join King Caspian on a seafaring journey. When Eustace falls under an enchantment and becomes a", "title": "Aslan" }, { "docid": "13000871", "text": "Wok Of Life () is a long-running Chinese drama which aired in Singapore in 1999. The show starred Chew Chor Meng, Ann Kok, and Evelyn Tan as the main characters. Cast Chew Chor Meng - You Yongfu (Swimming Trunks)/You Ri-an (1960s and 1990s) Evelyn Tan - Ang Mo Kio/Zhenzhen (1960s and 1990s) Ann Kok - Saiman, Yue-e (1960s) Florence Tan - Ma Daixiang (1960s) Yang Libing - Zeng Haolian (1960s) Richard Low - Huang Dadi (1960s) Zheng Geping - Huang Xiaodong (1960s and 1990s) Li Yinzhu - Ka-sou (1960s) Chen Meiguang - Ka-sou (1990s) Brandon Wong as Wang Xia (1960s) Ye Shipin- Mr Four-Eye (1960s) Xiang Yun - Margaret (Ma Daixiang) (1990s) Jason Oh - Zeng Nanhua (1960s) Zhu Houren - Zeng Nanhua(1990s) Synopsis Ri-an, an apprentice cook, turns up at Hua Da Hotel to answer an advertisement for the job of a cook. He keeps the matter from his teacher, Nanhua. To Ri-an's disappointment, the panel of interviewers do not like the way he cooks the dish. Nanhua, the resident chef of Fu Man Lou, sets very high standards for his staff. They respect and fear him at the same time. Ri-an meets an American-trained chef, Yaoqing, and is impressed with his culinary skills. Ri-an offers to take him on an eating spree around the country. Yaoqing is hounded by the press at the seafood restaurant and decides to go back to Ri-an's place. Nanhua is upset as Ri-an has misplaced Yue-e's photo. When Ri-an learns that Yue-er is coming back to Singapore, he arranges for Nanhua to pick her up. Yaoqing's pepper crab proves to be more popular with the restaurant patrons than Nanhua's stewed duck. Nanhua is peeved. The mentally slow Wu Jin gets cheated by dishonest customers when he sells lottery tickets. His mother, Ka-sou, who has worked at Fu Man Lou for many decades, blames it on Yue-er's incompetence when she helped to deliver Wu Jin decades ago. Yaoqing demands that Nanhua cook the dish, 万佛朝宗. Ridden with thoughts of the past, Nanhua passes out and is sent to the hospital. As he enters the ambulance, he tries to tell Ri-an something. Ri-an mistakenly thinks that Nanhua wants him to take his place in the contest. He loses to Yaoqing and, feeling utterly ashamed of himself, he contemplates leaving home. Nanhua tells Yue-e and Daixiang that he deserves retribution for what he did to Yaoqing's family. In the meantime, Ri-an buys Toto, which has a $3 million lottery prize, in the hope of winning back Fu Man Lou with a lawsuit. Yaoqing arrives to claim Fu Man Lou and in a scuffle over an urn in Fu Man Lou, Ri-an and Zhenzhen are transported back to the ‘60s after the urn topples and falls on them. Ri-an thinks he has died and gone to another dimension. Soon after, Ri-an realizes he is back in the ’60s and is recognised as Yongfu. He is eager to return to the ‘90s as he wants to claim the", "title": "Wok of Life" }, { "docid": "5038050", "text": "Hardly Working is a 1980 American comedy film directed by, co-written by and starring Jerry Lewis and Susan Oliver, filmed in 1979, released in Europe in 1980 and then in the United States on April 3, 1981 through 20th Century Fox. This film marks the final theatrical release for Oliver, as the rest of her career only featured on several television movies and series, before her death in 1990. Plot Bo Hooper, a clown, finds himself unemployed when the circus where he works suddenly closes. He winds up living with his sister, against the wishes of her husband Robert. From there he goes from job to job, wreaking havoc along the way. He finally finds some stability as a postal worker, until he finds out that his boss is his girlfriend's father. The father hates all mail carriers because his daughter's ex-husband was one, so he tries to wreck Bo's life, but Bo overcomes the odds and succeeds not only at work, but at impressing the father. Cast Jerry Lewis as Bo Hooper Susan Oliver as Claire Trent Roger C. Carmel as Robert Trent Deanna Lund as Millie Harold J. Stone as Frank Loucazi Steve Franken as Steve Torres Buddy Lester as Claude Reed Leonard Stone as Ted Mitchell Production Joseph Proctor set up a production company to produce his first film, based on a Michael Janover script, which Lewis agreed to direct and star in. This was Lewis' \"comeback\" film, as it was his first released film since 1970's Which Way to the Front?. In between, he filmed The Day the Clown Cried, which, to date, remains unreleased. Lewis set up a studio-like complex in 23 rooms at the Palm Aire Country Club in Fort Lauderdale, Florida and became a joint owner of the production and placed his salary in escrow. He received a co-screenplay credit for his work on the film. As well as Fort Lauderdale, the film was also filmed in Palm Beach, Florida. Proctor ran into financial difficulties and work on the film was suspended for about six months in 1980 after the production ran out of money, with Lewis himself declaring personal bankruptcy. Because of this, there are many notable continuity issues throughout the film. Proctor left the production and James J. McNamara came in as producer raising $1 million to complete the production. Looking back on the shoot, Lewis admitted that \"the whole experience was a mixed bag\". \"I have to admit that the awful strain of the past ten years showed in every part of my work,\" the comedian wrote in Dean and Me: A Love Story. \"The movie didn't really hang together, and not so surprisingly, I looked terrible in it.\" Lewis' future wife, Sandee \"Sam\" Pitnick, has a cameo as a disco dancer. Lewis also played the part of the 'Little Ol' Lady' dressed in drag. During the closing credits this part was credited to \"Joseph Levitch\", which Lewis claimed to be his birth name. The clown makeup worn by Lewis", "title": "Hardly Working" }, { "docid": "6804255", "text": "Three on a Couch is a 1966 American comedy film directed by Jerry Lewis and starring Jerry Lewis and Janet Leigh. Plot Christopher Pride wants to marry his girlfriend, Dr. Elizabeth Acord. However, she is too involved with her patients and she doesn't think that she would be able to leave them to live in Paris for a year. Pride decides to solve her patients' problems after finding out that most of them are merely despondent after having relationships go bad. Therefore, he decides to \"date\" these women, without Acord's knowledge, and give them back their self-esteem so that they will be less dependent on their doctor. Pride adopts a separate persona for each woman, targeted to be their ideal partner. Ringo Raintree the millionaire cowboy woos a Anna Jacque, a French patient. For southern belle Mary Lou Mauve he becomes Rutherford the zoologist (and Ruther's twin sister, Heather) and for passionate athlete Susan he becomes Warren, also an athlete. The film comes to a climax when all the women, including the psychiatrist, assemble at a party with Pride present. He quickly switches from one character to the next depending on which woman is present. Cast Jerry Lewis as Christopher Pride / Warren / Ringo / Rutherford / Heather Janet Leigh as Dr.Elizabeth Acord Mary Ann Mobley as Susan Manning Gila Golan as Anna Jacque Leslie Parrish as Mary Lou Mauve James Best as Dr. Ben Mizer Kathleen Freeman as Murphy Jesslyn Fax as Rich Lady Buddy Lester as The Drunk Renie Riano as Old Woman Renzo Cesana as The Ambassandor Fritz Feld as The Attache Production This was the first film that Lewis made for Columbia after ending a 17-year long association with Paramount Pictures. This is also the first film that Lewis directed in which he did not receive a screenwriting credit. Three on a Couch was listed in the 1978 book The Fifty Worst Films of All Time. It was filmed from September 13 - December 1, 1965, it was released on July 7, 1966. Comedians Buddy Lester and Fritz Feld have cameos. Janet Leigh previously co-starred with Lewis and Dean Martin in Living It Up (1954). Reception The film was included in the 1978 book, The Fifty Worst Films of All Time (and How They Got That Way), by Harry Medved, Randy Dreyfuss, and Michael Medved. Home media Three on a Couch was released on DVD in a Jerry Lewis Triple Feature collection with Don't Raise the Bridge, Lower the River, and Hook, Line & Sinker on January 16, 2018 and own its own on December 8, 2019. See also List of American films of 1966 References External links 1966 films 1966 romantic comedy films American romantic comedy films American screwball comedy films 1960s English-language films Columbia Pictures films Films directed by Jerry Lewis Films produced by Jerry Lewis 1960s American films", "title": "Three on a Couch" }, { "docid": "17122121", "text": "Without a Trace is a 1983 American drama film directed by Stanley R. Jaffe and starring Kate Nelligan, Judd Hirsch, David Dukes and Stockard Channing. It is based on the novel Still Missing by Beth Gutcheon. The story is partly based on the disappearance of Etan Patz. Plot Susan Selky, a prominent English professor at Columbia University, lives in a Brooklyn brownstone with her 6-year-old son Alex (Danny Corkill). One March morning, Susan sees Alex off to his school, two blocks away. Returning home after work, Susan becomes increasingly alarmed when Alex is late. She calls her friend and neighbor Jocelyn Norris, whose daughter is Alex's classmate, and learns Alex was not in school that day. She calls the New York City Police Department, and officers descend on the townhouse, led by Lieutenant Al Menetti. The police initially suspect her estranged husband, Graham, a professor at New York University, but he produces an alibi. Susan's case generates local media attention, and citizens help by distributing posters. Susan is initially criticized for allowing her son to walk to school alone. A polygraph test clears Susan as a suspect. Numerous leads are checked, including several reports that Alex may have been seen in the back seat of a blue 1965 Chevy. A psychic is also called in, but each lead fizzles. The investigation drags on, and Graham is at odds with Menetti after budget cuts force him to dismantle the command center in Susan's apartment and run the case from the precinct. Menetti's attention is soon diverted to other cases, but the Selky case remains a priority. At one point, Graham takes matters into his own hands after receiving a ransom call. Given a beating, he requires a hospital stay. A break in the case finally happens when Susan's housecleaner, Philippe, is arrested as a suspect. A pair of Alex's bloody underpants was found in his apartment, where the gay Philippe was picked up with a 14-year-old male prostitute. Susan visits Philippe in jail. He swears he did not harm Alex and says the bloody underpants were Alex's old pair that he used as a polishing cloth. He used it to stop bleeding after cutting himself washing dishes at Susan's house. Convinced Philippe is innocent, Susan tries to persuade Menetti to drop the charges, but he refuses, citing undisclosed physical evidence. The renewed media coverage generated by Philippe's arrest dies down, and Susan faces increased pressure to drop the matter and accept that Alex could be dead. Susan's feelings come to a boiling point when a magazine cancels an article she wrote about Alex, and Jocelyn urges her to accept Alex is gone. Susan tries to resume a normal routine, although she never loses faith. One day, she receives a phone call from a woman in Bridgeport, Connecticut, named Malvina Robbins, who says Alex is living with neighbors. Menetti tells Susan he has also heard from Robbins, but Bridgeport police reported that the woman is a crank. The investigation is closed and", "title": "Without a Trace (1983 film)" }, { "docid": "741396", "text": "Susan Pevensie is a fictional character in C. S. Lewis's The Chronicles of Narnia series. Susan is the elder sister and the second eldest Pevensie child. She appears in three of the seven books—as a child in The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe and Prince Caspian, and as an adult in The Horse and His Boy. She is also mentioned in The Voyage of the Dawn Treader and The Last Battle. During her reign at the Narnian capital of Cair Paravel, she is known as Queen Susan the Gentle or Queen Susan of the Horn. She was the only Pevensie that survived the train crash (because she was not on the train or at the station) on Earth which sent the others to Narnia after The Last Battle. Fictional character biography Susan was born in 1928 and is 12 years old when she appears in The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe. By The Last Battle, she is 21 years old, as the final novel takes place in 1949. In The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, Susan and her brother Peter only discover Narnia after their younger siblings have already been there. Father Christmas gives Susan a bow with arrows that never miss their target, and a magical horn that brings aid when blown. Susan is advised to stay out of the battle. After the battle, she is crowned as Queen of Narnia by Aslan, and becomes known as Queen Susan the Gentle. In Prince Caspian, Susan and the other Pevensies are magically transferred to Narnia from a railway station in England. She is described as being gentle and tender-hearted and she immerses herself in their adventures as deeply as in the first book. In The Voyage of the Dawn Treader, Susan accompanies her parents on a trip to America, while Peter is being tutored by Professor Digory Kirke. In The Horse and His Boy, set during the Pevensie siblings' reign in Narnia, Susan plays a minor part. She is asked to make a diplomatic marriage to the Calormene Prince Rabadash. She finds him gallant at tournaments in Narnia, but tyrannical and repellant on his home ground. In The Last Battle, Susan is conspicuous by her absence. Peter says that she is \"no longer a friend of Narnia\". Thus, Susan does not enter the real Narnia with the others at the end of the series. It is left ambiguous whether Susan's absence is permanent. Character development In his Companion to Narnia, Paul F. Ford writes at the end of the entry for Susan Pevensie that \"Susan's is one of the most important Unfinished Tales of The Chronicles of Narnia.\" Lewis himself stated that: Lewis further elaborated on Susan's fate in a 19 February 1960 letter to Pauline Bannister, who wrote to Lewis, upset that Susan was excluded from her brothers and sister from Aslan's country. He stated: Criticism Fantasy author Neil Gaiman's 2004 short story \"The Problem of Susan\" depicts its protagonist, Professor Hastings (who strongly resembles an", "title": "Susan Pevensie" }, { "docid": "702722", "text": "Mark Greene, M.D. is a fictional character from the American medical drama series ER. Portrayed by actor Anthony Edwards, he first appeared in the series' pilot episode, as well as subsequently appearing as one of the principal characters until the end of the eighth season. Edwards later returned to make a guest appearance in the fifteenth season episode \"Heal Thyself\". Considered to be the lead protagonist of the series’ first eight seasons, Greene's role was that of a mediator and occasional authority figure. He begins the series as the ER's chief resident, before being promoted to an attending physician. He became the only member of the original set of main characters who died during the series. Character background Mark Greene, an only child, was raised by his mother, Ruth (portrayed by Bonnie Bartlett), and father, David (portrayed by John Cullum). David Greene served in the United States Navy, and thus the family moved frequently and lived all over the country, including Jacksonville, Florida, Norfolk, Virginia, Corpus Christi, Texas, Washington D.C., Kings Bay, Georgia, and Hawaii, where they spent three years, David's longest assignment. Greene had a very strained relationship with his father, and was decidedly closer to his mother. Greene would often act out in an attempt to upset his father and aimed his goals at the opposite of what his father wanted. Mark thought his father's Navy career mattered more to him than his family, only to later learn that David was on track to be an admiral and turned down the chance in order to come home and help Mark deal with a bully. The most memorable time of his childhood was when his family was in Hawaii, a time he would later recreate with his daughter Rachel during the last few weeks of his life. While still in high school, Greene met and soon after developed a romantic relationship with Jennifer (Jen). Presumably, their relationship lasted the duration of their time in college, and at some point around the time Greene was at medical school, he married Jennifer. His daughter Rachel was born shortly afterward. While in medical school, he met future colleague Doug Ross. Greene then completed his internship and residency in the Emergency Department of County General Hospital in Chicago, Illinois, and from there he was awarded the position of Chief Resident of the Emergency Department. While there, Greene developed close friendships with Dr. Susan Lewis, an ER resident, and nurse manager, Carol Hathaway, as well as continuing his close friendship with Doug Ross, now a pediatrician. Although Greene enjoys working the ER, his marriage has been strained by the many nights on call, the long hours, and his wife Jen's decision to complete law school. History In the pilot episode, which takes place on St. Patrick's Day 1994, Dr. Greene, the chief resident, is awakened in the first scene to help his long-time friend Doug, the emergency pediatric fellow who often comes in to sober up on his nights off. Also, his close friendship", "title": "Mark Greene" }, { "docid": "21328899", "text": "The fifteenth and final season of the American fictional drama television series ER premiered on September 25, 2008, and concluded on April 2, 2009, in a two-hour episode preceded by a one-hour retrospective special. It consists of 22 episodes. Because actors Mekhi Phifer, Goran Visnjic, and Maura Tierney had been told the 14th season would be the last one, they had no plans or interest in returning for S15. The producers agreed to film two S15 episodes at the very end of the Season 14 production cycle so that all three actors could finish their time on the show and move on to other projects. Tierney would make a one-scene guest appearance in an episode near the end of Season 15. Plot The final season opens up revealing Gregory Pratt is the victim of the ambulance explosion. Despite the rallying efforts of his workplace colleagues, he succumbs to his injuries and dies. The season introduces Cate Banfield as new ER chief, a woman with a seemingly mysterious past with County General. Luka Kovač and Abby Lockhart leave for a new life in Boston, Brenner must deal with issues surrounding his childhood, and he comes to a crossroads in his relationship with Neela, Samantha Taggart and Tony Gates' relationship suffers a major setback after an accident involving Alex Taggart while Neela Rasgotra is forced to make some tough decisions, both personal and professional. To mark the end of the series after 15 years, several former cast members make a return to the show. Mark Greene, Robert Romano, and Kerry Weaver appear in a flashback episode that explores Banfield's history with County General while John Carter returns to work at County although, unbeknown to his colleagues, he is in desperate need of a kidney transplant. Peter Benton, Doug Ross, Carol Hathaway, Susan Lewis, Elizabeth Corday, and Ray Barnett return in various episodes. The series ends with one final multiple casualty incident that brings multiple patients to the ER, and shows that life goes on at County General. Cast Main cast Noah Wyle as Dr. John Carter George Clooney as Dr. Doug Ross Sherry Stringfield as Dr. Susan Lewis Julianna Margulies as Nurse Carol Hathaway Eriq La Salle as Dr. Peter Benton Laura Innes as Dr. Kerry Weaver Alex Kingston as Dr. Elizabeth Corday Goran Visnjic as Dr. Luka Kovač Maura Tierney as Dr. Abby Lockhart, Attending Physician Mekhi Phifer as Dr. Greg Pratt, Attending Physician Parminder Nagra as Dr. Neela Rasgotra, Third Year Surgical Resident Linda Cardellini as Nurse Samantha Taggart Shane West as Dr. Ray Barnett Scott Grimes as Dr. Archie Morris, Attending Physician John Stamos as Dr. Tony Gates, Third Year Resident David Lyons as Dr. Simon Brenner, Attending Physician Angela Bassett as Dr. Catherine Banfield, Chief of Emergency Medicine Special appearances The final season included special appearances by departed main and recurring cast members: Anthony Edwards as Dr. Mark Greene (in flashback only) Paul McCrane as Dr. Robert Romano (in flashback only) Returning recurring characters William H. Macy as", "title": "ER season 15" }, { "docid": "29954214", "text": "\"My Old Dutch\" is an 1892 music hall and vaudeville song performed by Albert Chevalier. The lyrics were written by Chevalier, with music composed by his brother Auguste under the name Charles Ingle. Described as one of Chevalier's most popular works, the song was possibly written as a tribute to Chevalier's wife Florrie. Background The song's title refers to an 1880s colloquialism for a partner or friend. The phrase has a number of etymologies: three Cockney rhyming slang explanations identify the phrase as coming from \"dutch plate\" (\"mate\"), \"Duchess of Fife\" (\"wife\"), or \"Dutch house\" (\"spouse\"). Chevalier, however, claimed that his wife's face reminded him of the clock face of a Dutch clock. As with many music hall songs, the lyrics dealt with poverty and sex differences. When introducing the song, Chevalier would enter dressed as an elderly Cockney man with his elderly partner. They would head towards a workhouse, whereupon the porter would separate them under the sex segregation rules. Chevalier's character would cry out in refusal, \"you can't do this to us; we've been together for forty years!\" The porter and woman then exited the stage, and Chevalier would begin the song. Reception Henry Chance Newton described the song as a \"famous domestic monologue\". Laura Ormiston Chant commented that the song outlined \"the finest sentiments of the human heart [...] in a language understood by the people\". Lewis Carroll said that the song influenced public taste \"towards refinement and purity\". Lyrics I've got a pal, A reg'lar out an' outer, She's a dear good old gal, I'll tell yer all about 'er. It's many years since fust we met, 'Er 'air was then as black as jet, It's whiter now, but she don't fret, Not my old gal We've been together now for forty years, An' it don't seem a day too much, There ain't a lady livin' in the land As I'd swop for my dear old Dutch. I calls 'er Sal, 'Er proper name is Sairer, An' yer may find a gal As you'd consider fairer. She ain't a angel — she can start A-jawin' till it makes yer smart, She's just a woman, bless 'er eart, Is my old gal! We've been together now for forty years, An' it don't seem a day too much, There ain't a lady livin' in the land As I'd swop for my dear old Dutch. Sweet fine old gal, For worlds I wouldn't lose 'er, She's a dear good old gal, An' that's what made me choose 'er. She's stuck to me through thick and thin, When luck was out, when luck was in, Ah wot a wife to me she's been, An' wot a pal! We've been together now for forty years, An' it don't seem a day too much, There ain't a lady livin' in the land As I'd swop for my dear old Dutch. I sees yer Sal — Yer pretty ribbons sportin' Many years now, old gal, Since them young days of courtin'. I ain't", "title": "My Old Dutch (song)" }, { "docid": "1017788", "text": "The Myth of Er (; , gen.: ) is a legend that concludes Plato's Republic (10.614–10.621). The story includes an account of the cosmos and the afterlife that greatly influenced religious, philosophical, and scientific thought for many centuries. The story begins as a man named Er, son of Armenios (), of Pamphylia, dies in battle. When the bodies of those who died in the battle are collected, ten days after his death, Er remains undecomposed. Two days later he revives on his funeral-pyre and tells others of his journey in the afterlife, including an account of reincarnation and the celestial spheres of the astral plane. The tale includes the idea that moral people are rewarded and immoral people punished after death. Although called the Myth of Er, the word \"myth\" here means \"word, speech, account\", rather than the modern meaning. The word is used at the end when Socrates explains that because Er did not drink the waters of Lethe, the account (mythos in Greek) was preserved for us. Er's tale With many other souls as his companions, Er had come across an awe-inspiring place with four openings – two into and out of the sky and two into and out of the ground. Judges sat between these openings and ordered the souls which path to follow: the good were guided into the path into the sky, the immoral were directed below. But when Er approached the judges, he was told to remain, listening and observing in order to report his experience to humankind. Meanwhile from the other opening in the sky, clean souls floated down, recounting beautiful sights and wondrous feelings. Those returning from underground appeared dirty, haggard, and tired, crying in despair when recounting their awful experiences, as each was required to pay a tenfold penalty for all the wicked deeds committed when alive. There were some, however, who could not be released from underground. Murderers, tyrants and other non-political criminals were doomed to remain by the exit of the underground, unable to escape. After seven days in the meadow, the souls and Er were required to travel farther. After four days they reached a place where they could see a shaft of rainbow light brighter than any they had seen before. After another days travel they reached it. This was the Spindle of Necessity. Several women, including Lady Necessity, her daughters, and the Sirens were present. The souls – except for Er – were then organized into rows and were each given a lottery token. Then, in the order in which their lottery tokens were chosen, each soul was required to come forward to choose his or her next life. Er recalled the first one to choose a new life: a man who had not known the terrors of the underground but had been rewarded in the sky, hastily chose a powerful dictatorship. Upon further inspection he realized that, among other atrocities, he was destined to eat his own children. Er observed that this was often the", "title": "Myth of Er" }, { "docid": "801752", "text": "Susan Haskell (born June 10, 1968) is a Canadian actress. She played the role of Marty Saybrooke on the ABC soap opera One Life to Live. Personal life She graduated from The American Academy of Arts in 1991. Haskell also appeared on Port Charles in 2001 as Granya Thornhart, opposite her former One Life to Live love interest (and real-life husband), Thorsten Kaye, with whom she has two daughters McKenna (born February 2003) and Marlowe Marann (born January 28, 2007). Career Haskell portrayed this role from December 1991 until August 1997, with two brief visits in January 2004 and January 2005. She returned again for an extended stay in mid-2008, first appearing onscreen on June 11, 2008. Haskell won two Daytime Emmy Awards, in 1994 for Outstanding Supporting Actress for the role in 1994, and in 2009 for Outstanding Lead Actress. At the time of Haskell's 2008 return, Marty was called \"one of those tentpole characters that everyone who has watched One Life to Live at some point remembers.\" It was noted that the 1993 story of the character's gang rape led by Todd Manning \"is one of the show's most remembered and impactful.\" When Haskell was expecting her second child with Kaye, the role of Marty was recast in November 2006 with Christina Chambers. Chambers exited the show in November 2007, a year after her debut, and Haskell returned in mid-2008. Television & Film Credits The Pink Chiquitas as Pink Chiquita (1986) My Secret Identity as Lauren Vail (1990 episode, \"Calendar Boy\") Strictly Business as Donna (1991) One Life to Live as Dr. Margaret \"Marty\" Saybrooke (1992–1997, 2004, 2005, 2008–2011) Zoya as Elizabeth (1995) Mrs. Winterbourne as Patricia Winterbourne (1996) Sliders as Susannah Morehouse (1997 episode, \"Oh Brother, Where Art Thou?\") JAG as Lt. Cmdr. Jordan Parker (1998–2001) (recurring) Smart House as Natalie (1999) ER as Mrs. Burke (1999 episode, \"Sins of the Fathers\") 18 Wheels of Justice as Maryann Cates (2000-2001) Port Charles as Granya Thornhart (2001) The District as Karen Spotz (2001 episode, \"Rage Against the Machine\") No Turning Back as Helen Knight (2001) Dead By Monday as Karen (2001) Black Point as Natalie Travis (2002) When Angels Cry as Ghost (2002 short) Crossing Jordan as Jane Newman (2004 episode, \"He Said, She Said\") Guarding Eddy as Dr. Fields (2004) The Good Shepherd as Wife Dinner Guest (2006) References External links Susan Haskell profile – SoapCentral.com 1968 births Canadian television actresses Canadian soap opera actresses Living people Actresses from Toronto Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series winners Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series winners Daytime Emmy Award winners", "title": "Susan Haskell" }, { "docid": "17356042", "text": "The eleventh season of the American fictional drama television series ER first aired on September 23, 2004, and concluded on May 19, 2005. The eleventh season consists of 22 episodes. Plot Several long term characters exit the series including Corday who quits after performing an illegal operation, Chen leaves to care for her ailing father and Carter also departs the ER to return to Africa with Kem. Elsewhere Lewis is promoted to ER Chief, Abby and Neela begin their internships along with newcomer Ray Barnett, Carter and Lewis compete for tenure, Weaver finally meets her biological mother, Kovač and Sam's relationship deteriorates and Gallant makes an unexpected return from Iraq. Cast Main cast Noah Wyle as Dr. John Carter – Attending Physician Maura Tierney as Dr. Abby Lockhart – Intern PGY-1 Mekhi Phifer as Dr. Greg Pratt – Resident PGY-3 Alex Kingston as Dr. Elizabeth Corday – Chief of Surgery (episodes 1–4) Goran Visnjic as Dr. Luka Kovač – Attending Physician Sherry Stringfield as Dr. Susan Lewis – Chief of Emergency Medicine Ming-Na as Dr. Jing-Mei Chen – Attending Physician (episodes 1–9) Parminder Nagra as Dr. Neela Rasgotra – Intern PGY-1 Linda Cardellini as Nurse Samantha Taggart Shane West as Dr. Ray Barnett – Intern PGY-1 Laura Innes as Dr. Kerry Weaver – Chief of Staff Supporting cast Doctors and medical students Sam Anderson as Dr. Jack Kayson – Chief of Cardiology John Aylward as Dr. Donald Anspaugh – Surgeon and Hospital Board Member Leland Orser as Dr. Lucien Dubenko – Attending Surgeon, later Chief of Surgery Scott Grimes as Dr. Archie Morris – Resident PGY-3 Sara Gilbert as Jane Figler – Fourth-year Medical Student Eion Bailey as Jake Scanlon – Medical Student Lou Richards as Dr. Perkins Francesco Quinn as Dr. Alfonso Ramírez Andy Powers as Dr. Howard Ritzke Norbert Weisser as Dr. Adler Anthony Giangrande as Dr. Jeremy Munson – Intern PGY-1 Michael Spellman as Dr. Jim Babinski – Intern PGY-1 Giovannie Espiritu as Ludlow - Medical Student Nurses Deezer D as Nurse Malik McGrath Laura Cerón as Nurse Chuny Márquez Yvette Freeman as Nurse Haleh Adams Lily Mariye as Nurse Lily Jarvik Dinah Lenney as Nurse Shirley Bellina Logan as Nurse Kit Kyle Richards as Nurse Dori Kerns Liza Del Mundo as Nurse Severa Sumalee Montano as Nurse Duvata Mahal Nadia Shazana as OR Nurse Jacy Tane Kawasaki as Nurse Claire Mary Heiss as Nurse Mary Staff, Paramedics and Officers Abraham Benrubi as Desk Clerk Jerry Markovic Mädchen Amick as Social Worker Wendall Meade Troy Evans as Desk Clerk Frank Martin Pamela Sinha as Desk Clerk Amira Jordan Calloway as Hospital Volunteer K.J. Thibeaux China Shavers as Olivia Evans from Ceasefire Emily Wagner as Paramedic Doris Pickman Montae Russell as Paramedic Dwight Zadro Lyn. A Henderson as Paramedic Pamela Olbes Brian Lester as Paramedic Brian Dumar Michelle C. Bonilla as Paramedic Christine Harms Demetrius Navarro as Paramedic Morales Louie Liberti as Paramedic Bardelli Meg Thalken as Chopper EMT Dee McManus Chad McKnight as Officer Wilson Family Thandie", "title": "ER season 11" }, { "docid": "15677883", "text": "Robinson Crusoe, Jr. is a musical with a book by Edgar Smith, lyrics by Harold Atteridge, and music by Sigmund Romberg and James Hanley. Production Robinson Crusoe, Jr. was an extravaganza that opened at the Winter Garden Theatre on 17 February 1916. The original Broadway production was produced by Lee Shubert and Jacob J. Shubert, directed by J. C. Huffman and choreographed by Helen Tamiris. Music was by Sigmund Romberg and the book and lyrics were by Harold R. Atteridge. The show was the last major musical that Jacob J. Shubert staged during World War I, and he instructed Romberg to avoid any of his Austro-Hungarian musical idioms. The cast included Al Jolson, Kitty Doner, Claude Flemming, and Isabelle Rodrigues. The show was built around Jolson, and was a vehicle for Jolson. A company of two hundred supported Al Jolson in ten major scenes. The show included songs from a number of sources, including some written by Jolson. He often added or removed songs from one show to another. Atteridge created a simple framing story that unified the acts. The show ran on Broadway for 139 performances. It then went on the road in the fall. Jolson sometimes performed twice or three times in one day in one city before moving on. Synopsis Setting: Long Island, New York and Robinson Crusoe's Island Hiram Westbury, a millionaire, is exhausted by some film makers who want to use his estate as a film location. He falls asleep. In his dream, he imagines he is Robinson Crusoe, Jr. His chauffeur, played by Al Jolson, is his Good Friday. Jolson played the chauffeur in blackface. The dreams make up most of the show. After the opening scene the pair travel to Crusoe's island, which is given a haunted forest, and to a pirate ship crewed by chorus girls. The \"glittering galaxies of gorgeous, glorious, gladsome girlies mirthfully monopolized the mad, merry hours and the ten tremendous tumultuous scenes of Robinson Crusoe, Jr.\" At one point in the story trees woke up and began to sway to the music. Jolson has comic interactions with a goat and a crocodile. The shorter second act was set back in the millionaire's home. There were 27 musical numbers in the show, including five specialty dances. Many of the huge cast danced in Minstrel Days. Jolson himself did not play a major role in the musical numbers, and was always alone on the stage when he sang. According to Jolson's biographer Michael Freedland, Robinson Crusoe, Jr. was \"the nearest Jolson had yet come to a show with a real plot ... although from opening night on, it was quite plain that the story was not going to interfere with his domination on stage.\" Songs Where Did Robinson Crusoe Go with Friday on Saturday Night? (Sam M. Lewis & Joe Young (w), George W. Meyer (m)) Yaaka Hula Hickey Dula (E. Ray Goetz & Joe Young (w), Pete Wendling (m)) Where the Black-Eyed Susans Grow (by Dave Radford and Richard", "title": "Robinson Crusoe, Jr." }, { "docid": "3476585", "text": "In C. S. Lewis's fantasy novel series the Chronicles of Narnia, the hill of the Stone Table, or Aslan's How, is a high mound or cairn, located south of the Great River in Narnia next to the Great Woods. The How was built over the hill of the Stone Table. The word how derives from the Old Norse haugr, meaning hill or mound. In parts of England, it is a synonym for barrow. At some point during the absence of the Pevensie children, a barrow was raised over the remains of the broken Stone Table. Who built the mound, or why, is not explained by Lewis. In Prince Caspian (1951), the runaway Prince Caspian flees into the forest from his evil uncle, King Miraz, and finds a host of good creatures and animals. When word gets out that the King's army is out to capture the Prince, he and his friends take cover inside Aslan's How. The How proves to be a reliable fortress. Miraz's army surrounds the mound and is fought off when the four Pevensies and Aslan return to Narnia. The Horse and His Boy Aslan's How is only mentioned once more in The Horse and His Boy. As shown in the films In the Chronicles of Narnia film series, the place is shown in various ways: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe In The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe, the Stone Table is the sacred place where Aslan is killed by the White Witch. Around the edges of the table is writing, possibly Narnian, and extremely old. In the movie, Edmund Pevensie had committed a sin against his siblings by telling Jadis about them on the premise that he would be king of Narnia. However, Jadis throws him in prison and he is later rescued by Aslan's army. The White Witch then travels to Aslan's camp where she states that the \"blood of any traitor is\" hers. She and Aslan have a private parley and it is later revealed that Aslan has saved Edmund by offering himself to Jadis. That night, Aslan, along with Susan and Lucy, travel to the Stone Table. Aslan tells the girls to turn and go back, not telling them what is about to happen. However the girls disobey and watch as Aslan is tied, his mane cut off, and he is bound to the Stone Table. Jadis then gives a speech and stabs Aslan, killing him with Susan and Lucy looking on from the woods. After Jadis and her army leave, the girls walk over to look at the dead Aslan. As they sit there, mice begin gnawing on the ropes that bound the lion. The girls fall asleep. The next morning, Lucy and Susan decide to return to their camp and prepare to face the White Witch. As they are leaving, there is a small earthquake and a loud crumbling sound. When they turn, the see the Stone Table broken in half and Aslan gone. Confused, the girls begin", "title": "Stone Table" }, { "docid": "17355933", "text": "The tenth season of the American fictional drama television series ER first aired on September 25, 2003, and concluded on May 13, 2004. The tenth season consists of 22 episodes. Plot New characters arrive in the form of medical student Neela Rasgotra, hapless resident Archie Morris, and Nurse Samantha Taggart who fills the void left by Abby who returns to medical school. The aftermath of Kovač and Carter's mission in Africa becomes a key story throughout the season, a Thanksgiving tragedy sees the end of Romano, Lewis copes with an unexpected pregnancy, Pratt's professionalism is tested again by his colleagues, Gallant is deployed to Iraq and Chen and Weaver both deal with personal losses. Kovač returns from Africa, determined to settle his affairs and return. Sam and Kovač share a relationship but Sam's ex-boyfriend arrives. Cast Main cast Noah Wyle as Dr. John Carter – Attending Physician Laura Innes as Dr. Kerry Weaver – Chief of Staff Mekhi Phifer as Dr. Greg Pratt – Resident PGY-2 Alex Kingston as Dr. Elizabeth Corday – Associate Chief of Surgery Goran Visnjic as Dr. Luka Kovač – Attending Physician Maura Tierney as Abby Lockhart – Nurse Manager/Fourth-year Medical Student Sherry Stringfield as Dr. Susan Lewis – Attending Physician Ming-Na as Dr. Jing-Mei Chen – Attending Physician Sharif Atkins as Dr. Michael Gallant – Intern PGY-1 (episodes 1–18) Parminder Nagra as Neela Rasgotra – Fourth-year Medical Student Linda Cardellini as Nurse Samantha Taggart (episodes 5–22) Paul McCrane as Dr. Robert Romano – Chief of Emergency Medicine (episodes 1–8) Supporting cast Doctors and medical students Sam Anderson as Dr. Jack Kayson – Chief of Cardiology Amy Aquino as Dr. Janet Coburn – Chief of Obstetrics and Gynecology John Aylward as Dr. Donald Anspaugh – Surgeon and Hospital Board Member Scott Grimes as Dr. Archie Morris – ER Second Year Resident L. Scott Caldwell as Dr. Megan Rabb – Director of Neo-Natology Glenn Howerton as Dr. Nick Cooper – ER Second Year Resident Bruno Campos as Dr. Eddie Dorset – Vascular Surgeon Maury Sterling as Dr. Nelson – Psychiatrist Paul Blackthorne as Dr. Jeremy Lawson – Invasive Radiologist Rossif Sutherland as Lester Kertzenstein – Medical Student Perry Anzilotti as Dr. Ed – Anesthesiologist Nicholas D'Agosto as Andy - Medical Student Shi Ne Nelson as Sheila – Medical Student K.T. Thangavelu as Dr. Subramanian Randy Lowell as Dr. Dan Shine Nurses Ellen Crawford as Nurse Lydia Wright Conni Marie Brazelton as Nurse Conni Oligario Deezer D as Nurse Malik McGrath Laura Cerón as Nurse Chuny Marquez Yvette Freeman as Nurse Haleh Adams Lily Mariye as Nurse Lily Jarvik Gedde Watanabe as Nurse Yosh Takata Donal Logue as Flight Nurse Chuck Martin Dinah Lenney as Nurse Shirley Bellina Logan as Nurse Kit Kyle Richards as Nurse Dori Kerns Liza Del Mundo as Nurse Severa Sumalee Montano as Nurse Duvata Mahal Nadia Shazana as OR Nurse Jacy Kelsey Oldershaw as Nurse Tess Tane Kawasaki as Nurse Claire Cynthia Cervini as Nurse Anna Waldron Staff, Paramedics and Officers Abraham Benrubi", "title": "ER season 10" }, { "docid": "36995004", "text": "Trail Street is a 1947 American Western film directed by Ray Enright and starring Randolph Scott, Robert Ryan, Anne Jeffreys and George \"Gabby\" Hayes. Based on the novel Golden Horizons by William Corcoran, and a screenplay by Norman Houston and Gene Lewis, the film is about the legendary Bat Masterson who brings law and order to the town of Liberal, Kansas, and defends the local farmers against a murderous cattle baron. Filmed on location in Agoura, California, at the Andy Jauregui Ranch in Newhall, California, and at the Encino Ranch of RKO Pictures. The film made a profit of $365,000. Plot The town of Liberal in southwestern Kansas needs the help of a lawman; so does the law-abiding land agent Allen Harper. Eager to help, stable keeper Billy Burns sends for his longtime friend, the legendary Bat Masterson. Allen's sweetheart, Susan Pritchard, is pursued by Logan Maury, a corrupt cattle baron. Hired gun Lance Larkin, who works for Maury, beats up a farmer and has a fist fight with Harper until Bat arrives and throws Larkin in jail. Bat is appointed the town's marshal and appoints Billy as his deputy. Ruby Stone, a saloon singer in love with Maury, tries to keep him away from good girl Susan. When a farmer is murdered, Allen is framed and faces a lynch mob. Ruby ends up betraying Maury who shoots her in the back. Maury's own men are offended by the death of Ruby and block his escape. Bat fires, killing Maury. Allen can now marry Susan, while the town makes Billy the new marshal as Bat rides away to become a journalist back East. Cast Randolph Scott as Bat Masterson Robert Ryan as Allen Harper Anne Jeffreys as Ruby Stone George \"Gabby\" Hayes as Billy Burns Madge Meredith as Susan Pritchett Steve Brodie as Logan Maury Billy House as Carmody Virginia Sale as Hannah Harry Woods as Lance Larkin Phil Warren as Slim Harry Harvey as Mayor Jason Robards, Sr. as Jason (as Jason Robards) Production The screenplay for Trail Street was written by Norman Houston and Gene Lewis, based on a novel by William Corcoran that was published as a serial in Cosmopolitan under the title Trail Street. According to a news item in the Hollywood Reporter, Barbara Hale and Lawrence Tierney were originally cast in the leading roles. According to the August 1946 edition of Hollywood Reporter, five hundred extras were hired for the fight scene between the farmers and the trail riders. Reception In his 1947 review for The New York Times, Bosley Crowther wrote that Trail Street was just another in a long line of Westerns about frontier marshal Bat Masterson, \"no better nor worse than most of the rest\". Crowther continued: In his review, Mike Grost wrote that although the film was no masterpiece, Trail Street contains \"fresh visual thinking\" and shows \"graceful mise-en-scène\". Grost continued: See also Bat Masterson References External links 1947 films 1947 Western (genre) films American Western (genre) films RKO Pictures films", "title": "Trail Street" }, { "docid": "12938412", "text": "Susan Shaw (29 August 192927 November 1978) was an English actress. Biography Shaw was born Patricia Gwendoline Sloots in West Norwood, London, to Edward John Sloots and Lillian Rose Lewis. She had wanted to become a dress designer and was working as a typist at the Ministry for Information when she did a screen test for the J. Arthur Rank Organisation. They signed her to a term contract and trained her at its \"charm school\". She had a bit part in the musical London Town (1946) and a larger part in another musical, Walking on Air (1946). She had a small role in The Upturned Glass (1947) and Jassy (1947). Shaw was in Holiday Camp (1947) which introduced the Huggett family, although she did not play a Huggett. Shaw was given her most noticeable role to date in It Always Rains on Sunday (1947) for Ealing. She had another decent support part in My Brother's Keeper (1948) at Gainsborough and London Belongs to Me (1948), in the latter replacing Pat Roc who pulled out. Leading lady Shaw's first lead came in To the Public Danger (1948) a short feature directed by Terence Fisher. She had a role in one of the segments of Quartet (1948) then when Sydney Box decided to make a film series out of the Huggett family with Jack Warner, Shaw was cast as Susan Huggett. There were three in the series: Here Come the Huggetts (1948), Vote for Huggett (1948) and The Huggetts Abroad (1949). Shaw was the female lead in the comedies It's Not Cricket (1949) and Marry Me (1949) and one of many actresses in Train of Events (1949). She was by now one of the busiest young actresses in Britain. Shaw played support in some thrillers – Waterfront (1950), The Woman in Question (1950) – before returning to leads in Pool of London (1951) with Bonar Colleano. Her marriage to Albert Lieven, with whom she had a daughter, ended in divorce in 1953, and in 1954, she married Colleano. Shaw began to appear on television in One Man's Family (1951) and a BBC version of The Amazing Dr. Clitterhouse (1951). She was the female lead in some Bs: There Is Another Sun (1951), Wide Boy (1952), A Killer Walks (1952), The Large Rope (1953), and Small Town Story (1953). On TV she did Count Your Blessings (1953). In April 1951 the Daily Mail listed Shaw on a poll from over 2,000 readers as one of the most popular British female actress in the country (after Anna Neagle, Jean Simmons, Jean Kent, Glynis Johns, Greer Garson, Petula Clark, Margaret Rutherford and Patricia Dainton, and in front of Jane Wyman.) She supported in some \"A\" films, such as The Intruder (1953) and The Good Die Young (1954) as well as Time Is My Enemy (1954) and played leads in Stolen Time (1955), Stock Car (1955), Fire Maidens from Outer Space (1956), the comedy Davy (1958), The Diplomatic Corpse (1958), and Chain of Events (1958) as", "title": "Susan Shaw" }, { "docid": "3978356", "text": "Edward Richard Morrison Bye is a British film and TV producer and director. He directed the episodes of the science-fiction sitcom Red Dwarf from Series I-IV and VII-VIII. Early life Ed Bye is the son of Royal Marine Colonel Francis Clifford Edward Bye, OBE, of Great Bedwyn, Wiltshire, and Twickenham, He later attended Ravensbourne College, London. Career In 2011, he co-founded the production company Tall TV with Tim Dawson and Susan Nickson. Personal life He is married to comedian and actress Ruby Wax and has three children. His sister, Julia (d. 2009), was married to the 6th Lord Garvagh. Filmography Director Dial M for Middlesbrough (2019) – TV special Death on the Tyne (2018) – TV special Vicious (2013–2015) – 2 series Not Going Out (2013) – 2013 Christmas special Coming of Age (2011) – Series 3 (8 episodes) Round Ireland with a Fridge (2010) – feature film My Family (2009–2011) – 2009 Christmas special and Series 10 After You've Gone (2007 Christmas special) – TV episode The Vicar of Dibley (2007 series finale) Home Again (2006) – TV series Foley & McColl: This Way Up (2005) – TV pilot episode Absolutely Fabulous (2004; episode 9) – TV episode Fat Slags (2004) – feature film Celeb (2002) – TV series French & Saunders: Celebrity Christmas Puddings (2002) – TV special French & Saunders: The Egg (2002) – TV special Lenny Henry in Pieces (2001 special; 2002) – TV special and series French & Saunders Live (2000) – video Kevin & Perry Go Large (2000) – feature film Can't Cook, Won't Cook (1998) – TV special Red Dwarf: A-Z (1998) – TV special Bottom Live 3: Hooligan's Island (1997) – video Ruby (1997–2000) – TV series Eddie Izzard: Definite Article (1996) – video Jack and Jeremy's Police 4 (1995) – TV comedy Red Dwarf: Smeg Outs (1995) – video Carrott U Like (1994) – TV comedy The Detectives (1993–1997) – TV series Mama's Back! (1993) – TV comedy The 10%ers (1993) – TV series Bottom (1991–1992) – TV series The Full Wax (1991–1993) – TV series Canned Carrott (1990–1992) – TV series Red Dwarf (1988–1991 series I-IV; 1997–1999 series VII-VIII) – TV series Craig Goes Mad in Melbourne (1988) – TV series Filthy Rich & Catflap (1987) – TV series Girls on Top (1985–1986) – TV series Producer Celeb (2002) – TV series Can't Cook, Won't Cook (1998) – TV special Red Dwarf: A-Z (1998) – TV special Red Dwarf (1997–1999 series VII-VIII) – TV series How To Be A Little Sod (1995) – TV series (Executive Producer) Red Dwarf: Smeg Outs (1995) – video Carrott U Like (1994) – TV comedy The Detectives (1993–1997) – TV series The 10%ers (1993) – TV series Bottom (1991–1992) – TV series The Full Wax (1991–1993) – TV series Canned Carrott (1990–1992) – TV series Craig Goes Mad in Melbourne (1988) – TV series Spider Plant Man. Comic relief special with Tony Robinson, Jim Broadbent and Rowan Atkinson. SPFX by the Farm, Andy Hay", "title": "Ed Bye" }, { "docid": "9143120", "text": "The President's Lady is a 1951 novel of the life of American president Andrew Jackson and his marriage to Rachel Donelson Robards, written by Irving Stone. A biographical film was made in 1953 by 20th Century Fox, directed by Henry Levin and produced by Sol C. Siegel with Levin as associate producer. The screenplay was by John Patrick, based on the 1951 novel by Irving Stone, the music score by Alfred Newman, and the cinematography by Leo Tover. The film stars Susan Hayward and Charlton Heston with John McIntire and Fay Bainter. The film was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Art Direction: Lyle R. Wheeler, Leland Fuller and Paul S. Fox and for Best Costume Design: Charles LeMaire and Renié. Charlton Heston played Andrew Jackson once again in The Buccaneer (1958). Plot In 1789, Rachel Donelson Robards meets Tennessee's attorney general, Andrew Jackson, for the first time when he seeks room and board at her mother's farm near Nashville. John Overton, Andrew's law partner and Rachel's cousin, had recommended Andrew, and Mrs. Donelson welcomes the young attorney, who also has experience fighting Indians. Andrew becomes infatuated with the lovely Rachel and is disappointed when her moody husband, Lewis Robards, comes from Harrodsburg to ask her to return home. Lewis apologizes for his jealous, antagonistic behavior, but upon their return, Rachel discovers that Lewis has been having an affair with a slave girl. The sympathetic Mrs. Robards writes to Mrs. Donelson, telling her that Rachel wishes to go back to Nashville, and Mrs. Donelson sends Andrew to retrieve her. Infuriated, Lewis pulls a gun on Andrew, but Andrew easily disarms him and leaves with Rachel. The couple evade a band of Indians, then stop for the night at an inn to avoid further danger. When they arrive at the farm in the morning, they learn that Lewis has arrived before them. Lewis demands that Rachel leave with him, and when she refuses, he threatens to return the following morning with gun-toting relatives. Desperate to protect Rachel, Mrs. Donelson asks flatboat owners Capt. and Mrs. Stark to take Rachel to Natchez, but the Starks refuse to accept the responsibility unless a man accompanies Rachel. Andrew volunteers, and after they fend off an Indian attack, the couple kiss and realize that they have fallen in love. In Spanish-controlled Natchez, Andrew tells Rachel that she could obtain an annulment there and they could marry, but that their marriage would not be legal in the United States. Rachel refuses to let Andrew give up his career and asks him to return to Nashville to obtain a divorce for her. Before he leaves, however, Andrew receives a letter from John announcing that Lewis has gotten a divorce, charging Rachel with adultery. Although she is crushed by the accusation, Rachel marries Andrew, and after they return to Nashville, the couple spend two happy years together. Rachel is sad that they do not have children, but is content to be with Andrew. One day, John arrives", "title": "The President's Lady" }, { "docid": "22262196", "text": "\"And in the End...\" is the series finale of the American medical drama television series ER. The two-hour episode, which serves as the 22nd episode of the fifteenth season and the 331st episode overall, was written by John Wells and directed by Rod Holcomb and aired on NBC on April 2, 2009. It was preceded by a one-hour retrospective special. Plot Dr. Tony Gates (John Stamos) treats a teenage girl in a coma with alcohol poisoning after she played drinking games with her friends. Gates calls the police when he discovers that the parents of the girl's friend supplied the alcohol, and has the friend's father arrested. Later, the girl's parents arrive and request she be transferred to Mercy Hospital. Before she can be transferred, the girl finally awakens but just thrashes around and is sent for a new CT to diagnose possible brain damage. Dr. Julia Wise (Alexis Bledel), new to County General, treats a gay HIV-positive patient who has severe breathing difficulties. It is discovered he has terminal cancer. With the support of his partner, he decides not to seek treatment, as he has already outlived most of his friends who died at the height of the AIDS epidemic in the 1980s. An elderly patient named Beverly (Jeanette Miller) is brought in by a fire engine with a broken wrist, and comments on Dr. Archie Morris' (Scott Grimes) \"soft and strong\" hands. She is later claimed by her daughter, as she had wandered off before her accident. She returns later, having wandered off again but otherwise not further injured. A married couple comes in with the woman going into labour with twins, and John Carter (Noah Wyle) and Simon Brenner (David Lyons) handle the delivery. During the delivery of the second baby, complications set in. It is discovered that the mother has an inverted uterus, and requires an emergency caesarean section. The second baby requires intensive care, and the mother ultimately dies as surgeons attempt to fix the complications. Mark Greene's daughter Rachel (Hallee Hirsh) is visiting the hospital as a prospective medical student and is interviewing for a spot in the teaching program. She is interviewed primarily by Catherine Banfield (Angela Bassett), who confides to Carter afterwards that she made it through the first cut. Carter shows her around after her interview, giving her a few pointers she will need when she is accepted into medical school. Carter opens his clinic for the underprivileged, with Peter Benton (Eriq La Salle) and his son Reese (Matthew Watkins), Kerry Weaver (Laura Innes) and Susan Lewis (Sherry Stringfield) among the guests. He named the facility after his late son, Joshua. After the event, he has an awkward reunion with Joshua's mother, Kem (Thandie Newton), who is briefly in town; although she is happy to see Carter, she rebuffs his efforts to re-connect with her there, but does agree possibly to call him the next morning, giving hope to a potential reconciliation. He also has drinks with his old friends plus", "title": "And in the End..." }, { "docid": "1367554", "text": "Mr. Saturday Night is a 1992 American comedy-drama film that marked the directorial debut of its star, Billy Crystal. It focuses on the rise and fall of Buddy Young Jr., a stand-up comedian. Crystal produced and co-wrote the screenplay with the writing duo Babaloo Mandel and Lowell Ganz. It was filmed from November 1991 to March 1992 and released on September 23, 1992, by Columbia Pictures. Co-star David Paymer received an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor. Plot Stand-up comedian Buddy Young Jr. became a television star with the help of his brother and manager, Stan, but alienated many of those closest to him once his career began to fade. Through a series of flashbacks, the brothers are seen during childhood entertaining their family in the living room. The older Buddy continues his career as a comic in the primarily Jewish resorts of the Catskills, where he meets his future wife, Elaine. As Buddy's fame grows, so does his ego. He hits the big time with his own Saturday night television show. But despite the warnings of his brother, Buddy uses offensive material on the air, costing him his show and causing his career to suffer, officially ending when his stand-up act on the Ed Sullivan Show is scheduled right after the Beatles' first US appearance, leading to his act being ignored and cut short. Furious over being snubbed, he goes into an offensive tirade and quits. As an older man, long past his prime, Buddy is estranged from Stan as well as from his daughter, Susan. A chance at redemption comes when a young agent named Annie Wells finds him work and even gets Buddy a shot at a role in a top director's new film. Buddy nevertheless gives in to his own self-destructive nature, continuing to hurt his relationships with his family. Eventually Buddy realizes how he has hurt his family and mends the relationships by giving money Stan gave him from their mother's estate to his daughter Susan and beginning to play shows at retirement homes. The show ends with his brother giving him a painting he made of the two of them as children in their parents living room where they used to entertain the family on Shabbat. Cast Billy Crystal as Buddy Young Jr. David Paymer as Stan Young Julie Warner as Elaine Young Helen Hunt as Annie Wells Jerry Orbach as Phil Gussman Ron Silver as Larry Meyerson Mary Mara as Susan Young Cameos Comedians Jerry Lewis, Carl Ballantine, Slappy White, and Jackie Gayle appear in the New York Friars' Club scene. Production Development Billy Crystal first originated the character of Buddy Young Jr. for a 1984 HBO special, A Comic’s Line. On a 1985 episode of Saturday Night Live, he made an appearance as the character during a Weekend Update segment. \"One night, the producer said, 'Johnny Cash, June Cash and Waylon Jennings are in the audience tonight — what if I put them near the Weekend Update desk?' I did [Buddy]", "title": "Mr. Saturday Night" }, { "docid": "44341793", "text": "Susan Lewis is a fictional character from the television series ER. Susan Lewis may also refer to: Susan Lewis (writer) (born 1956), British author Susan Lewis, Her Majesty's Chief Inspector of Education and Training in Wales, 2008 New Year Honours Susan Williams (artist) (fl. 1963–2015), American artist, née Lewis", "title": "Susan Lewis (disambiguation)" }, { "docid": "596442", "text": "Mr. Tumnus is a faun in The Chronicles of Narnia books written by C. S. Lewis, primarily in The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe but also briefly in The Horse and His Boy and in The Last Battle. He is the first creature Lucy Pevensie meets in Narnia and becomes her first friend in the kingdom. Lewis wrote that the first Narnia story, The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, all came to him from a single picture he had in his head of a faun carrying an umbrella and parcels through a snowy wood. Tumnus thus became the initial inspiration for the entire Narnia series. Description Lewis describes Tumnus as having reddish skin, curly hair, brown eyes, a short pointed beard, horns on his forehead, cloven hooves, goat legs with glossy black hair, a \"strange but pleasant little face,\" a long tail, and being \"only a little taller than Lucy herself.\" Tumnus first appears when Lucy arrives in Narnia at the lamp post. He invites her back to his cave for tea, during which, they talk about Narnia, including its glorious past which gave way to endless winter. Tumnus plays an evocative tune on his flute, but when Lucy says that she has to go, he bursts into tears. He confesses that he is in the pay of the White Witch (Jadis), who rules Narnia and has made it always winter but never Christmas. She had ordered him and the other Narnians to hand over any Sons of Adam or Daughters of Eve - humans - should they ever encounter any in Narnia. Tumnus, despite fearing that the Witch will find out and is likely to punish him severely if he disobeys her orders, quickly realises that he cannot bring himself to give up Lucy to the Witch, so he guides her back to the lamp-post to see that she returns safely to her own world. When Lucy returns to Narnia a few days later, Tumnus is still safe: evidently the White Witch has not discovered his disobedience. However, Lucy's brother Edmund has also entered Narnia and mentions to the White Witch that his sister had visited Narnia before and met a faun - even though he does not name the faun as Tumnus. When Lucy and her siblings subsequently come to Narnia some time afterwards, they find that Tumnus has been arrested by Maugrim, Chief of the White Witch's secret police, and is awaiting trial on a charge of high treason which involves harbouring spies and fraternizing with humans. Tumnus had spoken to Mr Beaver of his fears not long before his arrest and asked him to guide the four children if he found them in Narnia. The children meet Mr Beaver just after leaving Tumnus's ransacked cave. Later in the story, when the winter has come to an end and Aslan is preparing an army to take on the White Witch, Lucy and Susan find Tumnus petrified as a statue in the Witch's castle, and he", "title": "Mr. Tumnus" }, { "docid": "21154870", "text": "\"Twenty-One Guns\" is the 22nd and final episode of the 12th season of American television series ER, and the 267th episode overall. Written by David Zabel and directed by Nelson McCormick, the episode originally aired on May 18, 2006 on NBC. Plot It's the day of Michael's funeral. It is a private ceremony and Pratt is the only non-family member invited. He stops off in the ER in the morning and all the staff give their love for him to pass on to Neela. As he leaves Ray follows him outside. He wants to go to the funeral as well. Pratt gently tells him to back off. When Ray doesn't take the hint Pratt intimates that Neela isn't ready to get involved with anyone else at the moment. Ray doesn't confirm or deny his feelings but looks guilty at the suggestion. A black limousine pulls up and a soldier opens the door. Pratt asks where Neela is and the soldier tells him that she's not coming. Kerry is called up to a meeting with Anspaugh to discuss the situation with Clemente. She's surprised to find that their words are being recorded. Anspaugh wants to know why Kerry hired Clemente in the first place after his troubled history and she defends her actions. Anspaugh says the hospital is facing a malpractice suit by a patient that could be very costly. Kerry notes that Luka was in charge of the ER when everything started going wrong and Anspaugh notes that people aren't very happy with Luka's work either. He asks Kerry if she is happy with it and she reluctantly supports him saying \"he's done the best with the resources he's had\". At Luka's apartment Abby wakes up to the sound of Croatian muttering in another room. She follows the sound and finds Luka assembling a crib for the baby. Amused she tries to articulate her feelings for Luka. He takes this as a sign that she is ready for commitment and suggests that they get married. Later in a trauma Luka is giving Abby frosty looks. She calls him on this and he admits he's annoyed because she didn't give him the answer he was hoping for. He asks if they love each other and she admits that they do but she doesn't want to rush into anything like she did with her first marriage. Their discussion is put on hold by a patient needing Abby and Kerry wanting to talk to Luka. Kerry tells Luka about her meeting with Anspaugh. Luka notes that he wasn't chief when Clemente was hired and asks if he's getting blamed for not firing him sooner. Kerry is vague but from this non-answer Luka can see that his job might be in jeopardy. Meanwhile, it's Morris' last day in the ER before he leaves to work for a drug company and he's refusing to treat half of the patients that come in as he thinks he deserves special treatment. He also is trying to keep", "title": "Twenty-One Guns (ER)" }, { "docid": "2299970", "text": "Kerry Weaver is a fictional character, a physician, from the NBC television series ER. The role is portrayed by Laura Innes, who debuts as a recurring character in the second-season episode \"Welcome Back, Carter!\", which aired on September 21, 1995. Innes was promoted to the role of series regular as of the third-season episode \"Dr. Carter, I Presume\", which aired on September 26, 1996, and made her last regular appearance in the thirteenth-season episode \"A House Divided\", which aired on January 11, 2007. During the series' fifteenth season, Innes made guest appearances in the episodes \"Heal Thyself\", which aired on November 13, 2008, and the series finale, \"And in the End...\", which aired on April 2, 2009. Very little of Weaver’s background is revealed to the audience in her early episodes. The character exhibits a limp in her gait, which is aided by the use of a forearm crutch. This was later revealed to be caused by congenital hip dysplasia in episode 14 of season 11, in addition to the fact that she had lived for a period in Africa. Weaver arrives at County General as Chief Resident, and later becomes an attending physician, is promoted to Chief of Emergency Medicine, and finally becomes the Hospital Chief of Staff. Her administrative position often forces her to make unpleasant decisions that draw hostility from her fellow physicians, as when she fires Jeanie Boulet in Season 4. Although an excellent physician, she is often portrayed as the villain in many episodes. She is a dynamic character and has many moments of trying to figure out what is right and wrong. We often see her make mistakes and try to grapple with learning from the mistakes. Although Weaver has been involved in some heterosexual relationships, she eventually comes out as a lesbian. Her sexual orientation is a key point in some episodes, particularly when she fights in court to keep her son, Henry. She was included in AfterEllen.com's Top 50 Lesbian and Bisexual Characters. Seasons two through six During Innes' first five seasons on the show, little was revealed about the details of Weaver's background which would later become some of her defining traits: her sexual orientation, political beliefs, and even the precise nature of her disability. These were closely guarded secrets for a woman who wanted to succeed professionally, but feared discrimination. She was also unable to fully deal with her internalized homophobia and regretted that she never knew her birth parents. When she was first hired by Mark Greene as chief resident in 1995, this disappointed much of the ER staff who didn't care for her micro-management in trauma rooms. Early in her position, she would often clash with Doug Ross and resident Susan Lewis over most of the procedures in patient care. In addition, her strong belief in administrative policies would be dragged out into every unnecessary aspect in the workplace (in one episode, Jerry, the desk clerk, brought cake celebrating her day off). In Season 3, Kerry became an", "title": "Kerry Weaver" }, { "docid": "53726411", "text": "(German for \"a verse for riding on knees\") is a nursery rhyme that is recited while two people play. Usually an older person plays with a younger one (mostly a child), with the child sitting on the older person's knee. Example In the German language the following Kniereitvers (\"Hoppe, hoppe Reiter\") is most popular: Hoppe hoppe Reiter, wenn er fällt, dann schreit er. Fällt er in den Graben, fressen ihn die Raben. Fällt er in den Sumpf, macht der Reiter plumps! Hop hop rider, when he falls then he will cry, If he falls into the ditch, the crows will eat him. If he falls into the swamp the rider will go plop! There are verses that have one or more lines added, for example: Hoppe hoppe Reiter, wenn er fällt, dann schreit er. Fällt er in den Graben, fressen ihn die Raben. Fällt er in die Hecken, fressen ihn die Schnecken. Fällt er in das grüne Gras, macht er sich die Hose nass. Fällt er in das Wasser, macht er sich noch nasser. Fällt er auf die Steine, tun ihm weh die Beine. Fällt er in den Sumpf, macht der Reiter plumps! Hop hop rider, when he falls then he will cry. If he falls into the ditch, the crows will eat him. If he falls into the hedge, the snails will eat him. If he falls into the green grass, he will get his pants wet. If he falls into the water, he will get even wetter. If he falls onto the stones, his legs will hurt. If he falls into the swamp, the rider will go plop! There are also versions in different dialects, depending on the area in Germany. Accompanying actions While playing and reciting the verses, the child sits on a parent's knees or lap facing the parent. The parent moves the knees up and down, imitating riding a horse. The parent holds on to the child's hands imitating holding reins. When it comes to the part where the parent says \"the rider will go plop\" the parent opens the legs or knees so that the child slips down towards the floor while holding hands the entire time. The parent will then pull the child back onto the lap. This little acting game is a lot of fun for the child, anticipating the 'fall' from the 'horse' and being saved by the parent, staying safe and sound. References Songs in German German children's songs", "title": "Kniereitvers" }, { "docid": "31839732", "text": "\"24 Hours\" is the pilot episode of the medical drama series ER. It first aired on NBC in the United States on September 19, 1994. The episode was written by Michael Crichton, adapted from a screenplay he originally wrote in 1974, and directed by Rod Holcomb. The episode was a critical and commercial success, receiving both high ratings (23.8 million viewers on its initial broadcast.) and very favorable critics reactions. Plot At Chicago’s County General Hospital, ER chief resident Dr. Mark Greene, asleep in an exam room, is awoken to tend to the drunk Dr. Doug Ross. A building collapse in the Loop brings a dozen critically injured patients to the ER. Most are successfully treated; Greene informs a man of his father’s death and the man breaks down. Greene meets his wife, Jennifer, and daughter, Rachel, in the cafeteria. Jennifer reminds him of his appointment later that day for a potential new job with a private practice. Surgical student John Carter arrives for the first day of his ER rotation, and is assigned to Dr. Peter Benton. After a quick-fire tour, Benton demonstrates how to start an IV and suture before he is called away. The inexperienced Carter manages to treat a woman with a hand laceration, and a man with anger issues who shot himself in the leg. Ross meets his new medical student, Tracy Young. They diagnose a young boy with a stomach ulcer, presumably due to stress from his overbearing mother. Ross flirts with nurse manager Carol Hathaway and reminisces about their past relationship. A woman gives birth in the trauma room. At his appointment, Greene finds the affluent private practice much calmer than the chaotic hospital, but despite the offer of better pay and less stressful hours, he is unconvinced to leave the ER. Dr. Susan Lewis shows a patient, Mr. Parker, the X-ray of a mass in his lungs, and tries to assuage his fears of lung cancer. He asks for a frank diagnosis, and she tells him he likely has six months to live, but assures him that nothing is certain; he thanks her for her honesty. Frequent ER visitor Mrs. Raskin seeks out Greene for medical attention for a hangnail. Hathaway leaves as the ER changes shifts. Carter treats a young woman who is distraught at having crashed her father’s new Cadillac; her father, though angry, is relieved she is okay. Benton scolds Carter for having more patients waiting to be seen. Ross sees to a young boy who has swallowed his mother's house key. Carter treats a girl with stomach pains who insists she is not pregnant. Carter brings in Benton, who determines she has an ectopic pregnancy. In the cafeteria, Greene and Lewis discuss his job offer. They receive an urgent call and return to the ER to find Ross and most of the staff waiting by the ambulance bay doors. Paramedics arrive with an unconscious Hathaway, who has overdosed on medication in a suicide attempt. The staff manages to", "title": "24 Hours (ER)" }, { "docid": "7093096", "text": "Taste of Fear is a 1961 British thriller film directed by Seth Holt. The film stars Susan Strasberg, Ronald Lewis, Ann Todd, and Christopher Lee in a supporting role. It was released in the United States as Scream of Fear. Plot After the suicide of her best friend, wheelchair-user heiress Penny Appleby (Susan Strasberg) arrives at her estranged father's estate on the French Riviera. Her stepmother (Ann Todd), whom Penny has only just met, informs her that the father has been called away on business. She cannot say when he will return or why he left when he was expecting Penny's arrival. Although the stepmother has made the place comfortable for Penny, the young woman does not trust her. That night she believes she sees her father's corpse in the guest cottage. When others respond to her hysterical screams, the corpse is not there. The stepmother tries to convince Penny that her recent tragedy is causing her to hallucinate, and the family doctor (Christopher Lee) cites Penny's history of neurotic behaviour to support that view. The family chauffeur (Ronald Lewis) meets Penny privately to say he believes Penny did see something unusual, even if not a corpse. He offers to help her investigate. As they proceed, Penny begins to wonder if he is really an ally or if he is leading her away from the truth. When a police detective begins his own investigation, he suspects that Penny may have secrets of her own. Cast Susan Strasberg as Penny Appleby Ronald Lewis as Robert Ann Todd as Jane Appleby Christopher Lee as Doctor Gerrard John Serret as Inspector Legrand Leonard Sachs as Spratt Anne Blake as Marie Fred Johnson as Father Production Jimmy Sangster stated that he originally wrote the film for Sidney Box who assigned him to produce it. According to Sangster, Box became ill and stopped his work temporarily, leading his work to be taken over by his brother-in-law Peter Rogers, who was busy working on the Carry On series. Sangster then bought the film back from Rogers and sold it to Michael Carreras on the condition that Sangster would be allowed to produce. Filming occurred at Bray Studios in Berkshire. Filming started 24 October 1960. Release Taste of Fear was distributed in the United Kingdom on June 5, 1961, with an 82-minute running time. It was later distributed in the United States with an 81-minute running time on August 22, 1961, under the title Scream of Fear. The film was a success in the United Kingdom and the United States and was very popular in Europe, being one of Hammer's most profitable productions which led to a cycle of similar films. In March 2013, it was announced that the film will be remade for Sony, and directed by Juan Antonio Bayona, whose previous credits include the acclaimed 2007 Spanish horror film, The Orphanage. Reception From contemporary reviews, The Monthly Film Bulletin found that writer Jimmy Sangster was \"too deep in the Hammer tradition to achieve much finesse\"", "title": "Taste of Fear" }, { "docid": "16306238", "text": "Camborne Hill () is a Cornish song that celebrates Richard Trevithick's historic steam engine ride up Camborne Hill, (Tehidy Road up Fore Street) to Beacon on Christmas Eve in 1801. A commemorative plaque is inlaid in a wall. It is popular at Rugby matches and Cornish gatherings all around the world. Camborne Hill itself runs from Tehidy Road Post Office up Fore Street to the corner of HSBC with Commercial Street. Camborne Hill is not Beacon Hill which runs from the library to Beacon as is commonly misinterpreted. The tune can be traced back to The Diggers' Song of 1649. But the use of the words \"Coming Down\" more obviously links it to song \"Jack Hall\" of 1707. On 11 September 2001, Rick Rescorla, a chief security officer at the World Trade Center (WTC) in New York, originally from Hayle and a rugby man, sang Cornish rugby songs on his megaphone to keep morale high as he was evacuating over 2,000 employees of Morgan Stanley from the WTC's Second Tower. Survivors have said to particularly remember him singing Camborne Hill. Rescorla was last seen alive on the 10th floor, heading upwards, shortly before it collapsed. Lyrics Goin' up Camborne Hill, coming down Goin' up Camborne Hill, coming down The horses stood still; The wheels went around; Going up Camborne Hill coming down White stockings, white stockings she wore (she wore) White stockings, white stockings she wore White stockings she wore: The same as before; Going up Camborne Hill coming down I knowed her old father old man (old man) I knowed her old father old man I knowed her old man: He blawed in the band; Going up Camborne Hill coming down I 'ad 'er, I 'ad 'er, I did I 'ad 'er, I 'ad 'er, I did I 'ad 'er, I did: It cost me a quid Going up Camborne Hill coming down He heaved in the coal, in the steam (the steam) He heaved in the coal, in the steam He heaved in the coal: The steam hit the beam Going up Camborne Hill coming down Oh Please 'ave a baby by me Oh Please 'ave a baby by me I'm young and I'm strong: Won't take very long Going up Camborne Hill coming down Goin' up Camborne Hill, coming down Goin' up Camborne Hill, coming down The horses stood still; The wheels went around; Going up Camborne Hill coming down In Popular Culture The song is used several times in Pasolini's film The Canterbury Tales despite the fact that it is very anachronistic for the 1300s. The tune is sung by travelers at the Tabard Inn as they lie down to rest. References External links Walk Through Time – Camborne BBC Where I live webpage Mudcat Café: Mudcat website Oldcornwall.org Cornish patriotic songs Cornish folk songs Hill Richard Trevithick Songwriter unknown Year of song unknown", "title": "Camborne Hill" }, { "docid": "2032943", "text": "Fictional character Susan Lewis, M.D. is a character from the medical drama series ER, portrayed by American actress Sherry Stringfield. Susan appeared as a primary character in the pilot episode and left the show part way through in the third season. She later returned in the eighth season and remained as a member of the main cast until the start of the twelfth season. Finally, she returned to make a guest appearance in the series finale. Development During the third season of the series, actress Sherry Stringfield left the series for the first time. In an interview with the Chicago Tribune, Stringfield explained that having a family was one of the primary reasons she left the show. According to Entertainment Weekly, Stringfield's decision to quit angered the show's executive producer John Wells, because she left just as Dr. Lewis got embroiled in a budding romance with Anthony Edwards' Dr. Mark Greene in the show. Stringfield revealed it was not a pleasant situation and, \"The producers were in shock. They tried to talk me out of it. It took a long time to get out of my contract.\" However, by the eighth season, Stringfield's schedule allowed her to return to the series. Wells said they were \"delighted to welcome her back as a series regular and [couldn't] wait to work with her again.\" Stringfield remained in the main cast for four more seasons, until August 2005, when she announced that she would be leaving the show again and stated: \"I am extremely grateful for the time I spent on ER,\" Stringfield explained. \"It is a wonderful show, and there are so many people I will miss. But I'm ready for new roles and new challenges.\" Character history Seasons 1–3 and first Departure (1994–1996) In season 1, Susan is a second-year resident. She is shown to be an eager and competent young doctor working in the emergency department of County General Hospital. She is good friends with Nurse Carol Hathaway, Dr. Doug Ross and especially Dr. Mark Greene, who is her best friend. Though an extremely capable doctor, Susan is initially seen to have problems asserting herself. This is frequently taken advantage of by the senior and more forthright doctors in the hospital, such as Dr. Peter Benton and particularly Dr. Jack Kayson. This leads to several confrontations and animosity worsens when Kayson discharges one of Susan's patients, failing to notice the severity of his symptoms, which ultimately leads to the patient's death. Kayson attempts to shift the blame onto Susan, leading to doubts about her competence. Her supervisor, Mark, is compelled to oversee her actions, straining their friendship. In the case review, the board ultimately sides with Susan, reprimands Kayson, much to his dissatisfaction. Shortly after, Kayson is rushed into hospital suffering from a heart attack. Despite their past disagreement on the issue, Kayson opts for Susan's non-invasive form of treatment against the advice of a senior doctor, who (like Kayson) is an advocate of surgical angioplasty. Susan, finally asserting herself,", "title": "Susan Lewis" }, { "docid": "66489265", "text": "\"Motherhood\" is the twenty-fourth and penultimate episode of the first season of the American medical drama ER. Written by supervising producer Lydia Woodward and directed by Quentin Tarantino, the episode was first broadcast on NBC on May 11, 1995. In the Mother's Day-themed episode, Susan Lewis helps her sister Chloe give birth, John Carter learns the true outcome of his surgical internship application, and Peter Benton is told tragic news about his mother. Writing the episode, Woodward said she did not create the script with Tarantino in mind, but that she did try to \"gross out\" the screenplay after learning he would direct. In its initial airing, \"Motherhood\" received the highest rating of the week, in front of episodes from Friends and Seinfeld, and was watched in a total of 21.8 million homes by 33.1 million viewers. The episode also received generally positive reviews from critics, who enjoyed the episode but also said that for ER, the directing style of Tarantino did not stand out. Synopsis Late at night, Chloe (Kathleen Wilhoite) tells her sister Susan Lewis (Sherry Stringfield) that she is experiencing frequent contractions due to her pregnancy. At the hospital, Chloe gives birth and sings \"Blackbird\" to her newly born daughter, who she names \"Little Susan\" after her sister. On Mother's Day, Susan learns from her mother Cookie Lewis (Valerie Perrine) that she will have to help Chloe take care of her daughter. Meanwhile, John Carter (Noah Wyle) learns that he has not been accepted to the surgical internship he applied for, and Peter Benton (Eriq La Salle) learns that his mother has died. Additionally, Doug Ross (George Clooney) takes a long time to decide whether he wants to move in with his girlfriend Diane Leeds (Lisa Zane), who later rejects him after seeing him with his former girlfriend Linda. At night, Benton expresses his grief over his mother's death and Chloe sings \"Blackbird\" to help her baby fall asleep. Production \"Motherhood\" was directed by Quentin Tarantino and written by ER supervising producer Lydia Woodward. Tarantino decided to come on board as director after George Clooney (the actor who was portraying Doug Ross on ER) gave him the idea after filming From Dusk till Dawn. Writing the episode, Woodward said that she did not create the script with Tarantino in mind, but did try to \"gross out\" the scenes featured in the episode after learning he would direct. For his work on the episode, Tarantino received $30,000 from NBC. Filming it, Tarantino said he \"liked the ER style\" and the use of Steadicams to shoot long takes. On set, the director encountered a problem with executive producer John Wells, who told him to go back and reshoot a scene. Tarantino said that the incident taught him that in television, the choices were actually made by the producers as it was \"their show. I'm directing the episode, and then I'm leaving\". Julianna Margulies mentioned that Tarantino would only shoot one take for the scenes so the network would be", "title": "Motherhood (ER)" }, { "docid": "32650066", "text": "Totally True Love, also known as Jørgen + Anne er Sant, is a 2011 Norwegian film based on the 1984 novel Jørgen Anne er Sant by Vigdis Hjorth. Plot The story starts with a 10-year-old girl, Anne, she was a little different from everyone in her class, when every girl dressed up like a princess, she always dressed up like a soldier. Anne also had a bestfriend named Beate and she was quite opposite of Anne. While Beate believed in love and had good grades, Anne believed love was gross and never had good grades. Beate had a huge crush on a guy named Elinar. In their class there was rumor about a girl named Helga, the rumor was that she loved a boy named Lucas, but there was a girl who liked Lucas and he liked her back, growing jealous of her Helga cut that girl's hair and ran away. One time she kissed Lucas when he was asleep, he woke up screaming, so she ran and jumped off a cliff into the river. Rumor was that after her father found her body he buried her inside a wall of a house where Jorgen moved. Anne's brother, Ole was the one who said that he saw Helga's spirit, so everyone believed that rumor. Anne had never been in love, so she found Helga quite stupid to take her life over a boy, but this was until she met Jorgen. She fell for him after she saw his photo album, but she was afraid that Ellen, a popular girl in class would steal him before she does. Beate and Anne comes up with an idea, Beate calls Ellen's friend over to her house, hiding Anne in her bedroom. Beate smartly makes her blurt all Ellen's secrets. They get to know that Ellen was going to write a love letter to Jorgen. So Anne wrote a letter to Ellen pretending to be written by Jorgen, that he wants her to be his girlfriend. Ellen writes him back and agrees, but that letter never gets to Jorgen. In the meantime, all children have a bike race in the field, where girls have to sit at back of boy's bicycle. Jorgen asks Anne to sit with him, much to Ellen's annoyance. They go too far and have a romantic drive, feeling confident after that Anne decides to write Jorgen a love letter. During swimming lessons, Anne asks Jorgen to be her boyfriend by putting the letter in his bag. Anne also asks Elinar to be Beate's boyfriend and he eventually agrees to that. Later Jorgen gives Anne a letter, which makes her smile. Happily Anne dresses up and goes to Ellen's birthday party, while singing the birthday song, Jorgen was only looking at Anne, growing jealous Ellen asks everyone to play a game of truth and dare. The first spin arrives at Knut who was asked that did he love someone and he said that it was Ellen, next spin arrives on Elinar,", "title": "Totally True Love" }, { "docid": "2880703", "text": "Dr. Neela Rasgotra (former married name Gallant) is a fictional character portrayed by Parminder Nagra on the television show ER. Parminder Nagra's addition into the main cast opening credits was in the 3rd episode of season 10. Character Arc Neela Kaur Rasgotra first appeared in late 2003 at the start of the 10th season as a talented but very reticent medical student from Southall, London. She arrives on her first day as the ER is undergoing major renovations and is for the most part unnoticed, except by Dr. Michael Gallant, who guides her through the rough start in the hospital, and Dr. Greg Pratt, who flirts a little bit with her. Neela is very intelligent but sometimes stumbles in her doctor–patient communications skills. This proves disastrous when she informs the wrong woman of her grandson's death. A very reserved individual, she faces her first big crisis at County when a helicopter crash occurs on Thanksgiving Day, killing Dr. Robert Romano and pushing her and everyone else there to their limits. Nevertheless, she does her job superbly. It is also revealed that Neela had a terrible case of claustrophobia, which she later conquers by braving a hyperbaric chamber session that helped save a baby's life (due to the baby having severe carbon monoxide poisoning). At the end of Season 10, Neela and Abby Lockhart both graduate from medical school. However, upon graduating, Neela has an identity crisis and turns down an internship at the University of Michigan, opting to work as a store clerk when no other position turns up. After a few episodes, she asks the ER chief Dr. Kerry Weaver for a job back at County. Later, she finds herself back in the hospital after an obsessive-compulsive intern (Howard Ritzke, portrayed by Andy Powers) quit and Susan Lewis makes her a job offer, which she accepts. Character Relationships She becomes close to Dr. Michael Gallant prior to his deployment to Iraq, especially after he took the blame of a patient's accidental death, sparing Neela's probable dismissal. During one of his many return visits, they begin a romantic relationship, after which they maintain a regular correspondence. On completion of his tour of duty, they impulsively marry, but he soon feels compelled to return to Iraq and re-enlists. At this point, Neela was also struggling with her feelings for roommate Ray Barnett, who began to fall in love with her. Neela kept her distance from Ray when she decided to move in with Abby Lockhart instead. Abby and Neela remain best friends through the series; during medical school, Neela would help Abby study and Abby would help Neela with her communication problems. In \"The Gallant Hero & The Tragic Victor\", Neela becomes a widow when Gallant is killed by a roadside bomb near Mosul. She pushes Ray and everyone else away when they try to offer her some comfort. In \"Twenty-One Guns\" (the 12th-season finale), Michael's funeral takes place, where she is accompanied by Gregory Pratt. She gets angry at Michael's", "title": "Neela Rasgotra" }, { "docid": "3213020", "text": "The Prowler is a 1951 American film noir thriller film directed by Joseph Losey that stars Van Heflin and Evelyn Keyes. The film was produced by Sam Spiegel (as S.P. Eagle) and was written by Dalton Trumbo. Because Trumbo was blacklisted at the time, the screenplay was credited to his friend, screenwriter Hugo Butler, as a front. Plot Webb Garwood, a disgruntled cop, is called to investigate a report of a peeping tom by Susan Gilvray, whose husband works nights as a radio personality. Single, Webb falls in love with the young and attractive married woman. He becomes obsessed, woos her, and, despite her initial reluctance, they begin an adulterous affair. After Webb discovers Susan's husband has a life insurance policy, he concocts a scheme to cash in. One night, he makes noise outside Susan's house which suggests a prowler is nearby again. After he leaves, he hears the subsequent complaint reported from Susan's address in his police car. He returns to the house in his official capacity and again makes noise indicating a prowler. When Susan's husband comes outside armed, Webb — hiding in the bushes — kills him with his service revolver. Webb then wounds himself with the husband's pistol to make it appear the two had exchanged gunfire. Webb's ruse fools a coroner's jury, partly because he and Susan testify that they did not know each other before her husband's death (although Webb's police partner knows otherwise). At first Susan suspects Webb of foul play, but he convinces her of his innocence, and later, marries her. Shortly after the wedding, Susan informs Webb that she is four months pregnant. Since her husband was infertile, she knows that Webb is the baby's father. The date of the baby's conception would prove that they lied in their testimonies to hide their previous relationship; it also would suggest that Webb's killing of Susan's husband was intentional. Webb and Susan flee to Calico, a ghost town, for the baby to be born without anyone back home knowing. They enjoy a happy life until Susan goes into premature labor. Webb drives to a nearby town and forces Dr. William James to come to Calico to help with the birth. Susan realizes that Webb intends to kill Dr. James to preserve their secret, so she warns the doctor, who escapes with the newborn, and Webb's Cadillac keys. Susan tells Webb that she knows he intended to kill the doctor and that he intentionally murdered her husband. Realizing the doctor will send the police after him, Webb drives away, using the car's spare keys a disgusted Susan at first hid, and then threw on the floor, leaving Susan alone in Calico. Webb finds the narrow track out of town blocked by his former police partner, who is paying him a surprise visit. While desperately trying to push his friend's reversing car with his own car's front bumper, Webb sees two police cars approaching so he heads for the hills on foot. After he refuses", "title": "The Prowler (1951 film)" }, { "docid": "1913121", "text": "\"The Show Must Go On\" is the 22nd and final episode of the eleventh season, and the 245th episode overall, of the American television series ER. Written by David Zabel and directed by John Wells, the episode originally aired on NBC on May 19, 2005. Plot synopsis Dr. John Carter is back in the States to wrap up his affairs. He purchases half a dozen pizzas for the ER staff, as well as some refreshments. He also treats a patient who has injured her wrist. Ray is dealing with whether he wants to go into his residency as a doctor. Dr. Archie Morris and Dr. Ray Barnett leave for another party. This party is held on several floors in the back of an apartment building on the balconies at each level. Morris promptly becomes intoxicated, and begins vomiting. Barnett goes to help him. Suddenly the porches collapse, one on top of each other. Carter then leaves with Dr. Kovač for his \"surprise\" farewell party, where most of the attending doctors and his friends are waiting for him. County General then stops accepting trauma patients after further problems with the sewer pipes in the hospital leaves them with only one operating room, coupled with the fact that the majority of the ER staff is at Carter's party. Six people are killed in the porch collapse, and some are not hurt too badly. Five more are critically injured in the accident. Barnett surprises his friends with his handling of the situation. The paramedics on the scene tell Barnett that they are going to take the critically injured to St. Rafe's Hospital because County is closed. County is the only Chicago hospital that has Level I Trauma Status in the show, making it the first choice for such situations. Barnett uses the radio to call County and demands that Abby reopen the ER, otherwise the five critical patients would probably not make it to the hospital. Dr. Lockhart initially refuses, as there are no attending physicians and only one OR, but when one of the critical patients dies, she relents. Unable to reach Dr. Kovač by pager, they send a student over to fetch him. The party immediately evaporates, as everyone runs back to the ER to help the victims of the porch collapse. A surprised Carter returns from the restroom to empty tables. They spend some time watching a slideshow of his time at County. The presentation features past ER doctors, including Dr. Doug Ross (George Clooney), Dr. Mark Greene (Anthony Edwards), and Dr. Peter Benton (Eriq La Salle). Eventually Dr. Susan Lewis brings Carter back to the ER. Carter treats one last patient before leaving County General. He is surprised to learn that he delivered the young girl with the broken wrist 11 years ago in Season 1. Before he leaves he stops by to see Ray, Neela and Abby and shares the letter he wrote to himself as an intern under Dr. Greene, that had sat in his locker until", "title": "The Show Must Go On (ER)" }, { "docid": "8603221", "text": "The second season of the American fictional drama television series ER first aired on September 21, 1995, and concluded on May 16, 1996. The second season consists of 22 episodes. Plot Greene's attempts at balancing his work and family after moving to Milwaukee comes to an abrupt end when his wife is caught cheating on him with a colleague, the divorce becomes final and he starts dating again. At work, he is promoted, becoming an attending physician. He locks horns with close friend Dr. Doug Ross, whose reckless professional behavior is called into question by the hospital authorities, and new Chief Resident, Dr. Kerry Weaver. Ross breaks protocol to treat an HIV-positive child and is about to be fired. He has already accepted a job at another medical facility when he heroically saves a child, trapped in a sewer in the landmark episode \"Hell and High Water\". His heroism creates a media sensation and the hospital reconsiders its decision when Dr. Ross receives an award for outstanding community service. Later in the season, his father returns, and while attempting to bond his father again walks out on him. While tracking him down Doug becomes embroiled in a relationship with his father's girlfriend. Lewis is left holding the baby when her sister, Chloe, skips town, leaving daughter Suzie in Susan's care. She struggles to find time to care for the child and complete her residency. She considers having Suzie adopted, but at the last minute decides to keep her. Just as Susan starts to become attached to the baby, Chloe returns, a changed woman, and a short custody battle ensues. Eventually, Susan hands Suzie over to Chloe and is left devastated when her sister and her new husband move to Phoenix, taking the baby with them. Carter, now a fourth-year medical student, starts a relationship with medical student Harper Tracy. He becomes involved in the treatment of an elderly patient and her husband (played by comic Red Buttons) in order to secure his place in developing a new heart procedure study and a spot in the surgical program. After the surgery is complete, the woman's condition deteriorates and Carter is overwhelmed by the husband's constant needs. The woman's subsequent death results in tremendous personal guilt, but Carter still manages to win a place as a surgical intern despite the fierce competition. Hathaway becomes involved with paramedic Ray \"Shep\" Shepard. Their relationship develops quickly and they move in together. However, things go wrong when Shep's partner, Raul, suffers third degree burns to over 85% of his body during a fire rescue and dies shortly afterward, resulting in emotional crisis and guilt for Shep. Shep grows volatile and violent, and after he refuses Carol's recommendation that he see a psychiatrist, the couple separates. At the start of the season, Dr. Benton is in a relationship with Jeanie Boulet. She ends the relationship in a bid to save her marriage, but soon starts working as a physician assistant at County General. Benton is frosty", "title": "ER season 2" }, { "docid": "8117326", "text": "Susan Stewart (also Burke, Baxter, McDermott and Decker) is a fictional character from the defunct American soap opera As the World Turns. While several actresses have played Susan, the role is most identified with Marie Masters, who played Susan for most of the character's run. Masters stepped into the role on October 18, 1968. Susan was at the center of several stories until the character (and Masters) left the show in 1979, before returning in 1986. Susan was known for her dysfunctional personality and scheming nature. A reformed alcoholic and respected physician, she played a supporting role in later years offering advice to her two daughters, Alison and Emily, who inherited their mother's penchant for controversy and trouble. Storylines 1966–79 Susan first comes to Oakdale in 1966 as the wife of Dan Stewart. They had married while they were both attending medical school and not, long after they graduated, Susan intentionally caused a miscarriage. As they tried to move past the tragedy, Dan became acquainted with Elizabeth Talbot. Liz was more laid back than Susan, who cared deeply about her own career. Susan noticed her husband's new friendship and quickly set about trying to make a couple out of Liz and Dan's brother, Paul Stewart. Susan's relentlessness drove Dan closer to Liz, however, and Susan didn't know what to do. Ultimately, Dan asked for a divorce, but she didn't want to give him up. At the advice of his mother, Ellen, Susan took advantage of him one night and became pregnant. Dan was upset to learn about the pregnancy, but he became even more saddened when Liz married Paul. Dan was more than upset with Susan and, in the heat of an argument, pushed her down a staircase, causing her to lose her baby. As Susan recovered, she tried to keep Dan interested in her. She tried to make him jealous by seeing Dr. John Dixon, one of his colleagues, but nothing worked for her. Susan then turned to force tactics in keeping her marriage together when she learned that Dan and Liz had had an affair and that Liz was pregnant with a daughter Betsy. She threatened to expose the truth to Paul unless Dan stayed with her. Dan succumbed to her power over him and she became expectant again. This time, a daughter was born, named Emily. Dan was finally rid of Susan when she became interested in Bruce Baxter. Bruce did not want children, so Susan divorced Dan and gave him full custody of Emily. Dan married Liz (Paul died of a brain tumor never learning that Betsy's father was his own brother.), and they lived together with their daughter Betsy (who believed that Paul was her father) and now Emily too. Susan knew that Bruce didn't want children, but she figured that after a while, she could make him change his mind. She realized his mind was made up, however, when he told her about his vasectomy. Susan had the marriage annulled. She found her heart", "title": "Susan Stewart (As the World Turns)" }, { "docid": "8626484", "text": "The fourth season of the American fictional drama television series ER first aired on September 25, 1997, and concluded on May 14, 1998. The fourth season consists of 22 episodes. Plot Season four opens with the live episode \"Ambush\", performed twice (once for the East coast, once for the West coast). Dr. Morgenstern, head of the ER, has a heart attack, threatening his life. Weaver agrees to temporarily step in until he recovers. Unfortunately, when Morgenstern does come back, he cannot perform surgery like he used to do because he now knows what it is like to be a patient. After a surgical accident takes a man's life, Morgenstern decides to permanently step down as head of the ER and he leaves the hospital. Some new characters are introduced. Two new physicians join the ER: Dr. Anna Del Amico, played by Maria Bello and a new British surgeon Dr. Elizabeth Corday, played by Alex Kingston. Corday came to America under the fellowship of Dr. Robert \"Rocket\" Romano (played by Paul McCrane), but their relationship sours towards the end of the season. After she rejects Romano when he asks her out, he decides not to renew her fellowship. She is forced to choose whether she moves back to England or stays in America as an intern. Meanwhile, as Greene copes with his beating, he and Ross travel to California to bury Ross' dad. While there, Greene visits his own parents, where he finds out that his mother is sick, and his relationship with his dad continues to be strained. Back in Chicago, he begins to date new ER desk clerk Cynthia Hooper (played by Mariska Hargitay). The relationship is purely physical, and when Greene has to visit his parents again later in the season, she comes along uninvited, only to realize that Greene does not love her. After the awkward breakup, Cynthia leaves, but Greene stays to take care of his ailing mother and begin to mend his relationship with his father. Ross and Hathaway get more serious when Ross surprises Hathaway and proposes to her in front of the ER staff, which she accepts. She later has commitment issues when she kisses a vulnerable paramedic. She tells Ross, and he reacts angrily. After a short time, Ross forgives her and tells her he will wait until she is ready to marry. In addition, Hathaway is able to open a free clinic in the ER with the help of Carter's grandmother. Ross vies for a pediatric attending position in the ER. A lonely Corday starts a relationship with Benton, which causes friction with Benton's family because she is white. Weaver attends a Synergix seminar to see how to better manage the ER. She begins to date a Synergix representative, Ellis West, who advises her to fire a physician's assistant, which happens to be Jeanie Boulet. Jeanie fights for her job, claiming that she was fired because of her HIV status. Facing a lawsuit, Chief of Staff Donald Anspaugh decides to hire", "title": "ER season 4" }, { "docid": "5857736", "text": "Susan Barlow (also Baldwin) is a fictional character from the British ITV soap opera Coronation Street. She made her debut screen appearance on 5 April 1965. Susan has been portrayed by four actresses since her introduction. Katie Heannau was the first actress to play the character, appearing sporadically in the 1960s uncredited. Wendy Jane Walker took over the role for 26 episodes between 1970 and 1971 and between 1973 and 1974. When the character returned, Suzy Paterson was recast in the role. She appeared in eight episodes from December 1979 until July 1981. Walker reprised the role on a permanent basis from October 1985 until November 1987. The fourth actress to play the role was Joanna Foster, who appeared in eight episodes in 2001 until the character was killed off. The character's final appearance was on 11 February 2001. Casting Katie Heannau played Susan as a baby and young child from 1965 until 1970 when Heannau and her family moved away from the Manchester area. Child actress Wendy Jane Walker took over the role later in 1970. Although Susan was written out in 1971, Walker made recurring appearances in 1973 and 1974. Suzy Patterson played Susan from 1979 to 1981 but only made a small number of appearances. Walker took back the role in 1985 and Susan became a main character again before departing in 1987. Patterson had played the role with a strong Scots accent, whereas Walker did not. After a thirteen-year absence, Susan returned for a final time in early 2001, now played by Joanna Foster, which saw the character get killed off after introducing her secret son Adam. Development In January 2001, the character returned to Coronation Street with actress Joanna Foster taking over the role. Susan comes back to Weatherfield to introduce her son, Adam (Iain de Caestecker) to his grandfather, Ken (William Roache). Rick Fulton of the Daily Record said Ken is \"amazed, but also devastated\" that Susan kept his grandson a secret for so long. Adam's father is Mike Baldwin (Johnny Briggs), who Susan married in 1986. Susan told Mike she had an abortion and he threw her out the following year. Fulton explained \"But that will be exposed as a lie. It seems Susan, who had grown to hate her husband, didn't think Mike would be a fit father for her child. She decided she wanted to bring up the baby on her own without any of his influence.\" The news rocks Ken and Mike, when they learn they are linked by Adam. On 22 January 2001, Brian Roberts of the Daily Mirror reported Susan would be killed off in a car accident. Her death would then kick-start a custody battle for her son, Adam, between her father and her ex-husband. Roberts said Susan is \"adamant\" that she does not want Mike having anything to do with Adam and she decides to take him to Ireland. However, while they are on their way Susan crashes the car and dies. Storylines Susan is the", "title": "Susan Barlow" }, { "docid": "17355820", "text": "The ninth season of the American fictional drama television series ER first aired on September 26, 2002, and concluded on May 15, 2003. The ninth season consists of 22 episodes. Plot For the first time John Carter becomes the central character and Noah Wyle receives star billing. The death of Mark Greene continues to affect his colleagues while a grieving Corday has left Chicago for England. She returns and a medical student raises eyebrows. The ER is still plagued by the smallpox disease at the beginning. Elsewhere Romano suffers a horrific injury which has consequences throughout the season, Weaver finds herself promoted, Abby's family troubles resurface, Pratt continues to get on the wrong side of his colleagues, and Kovač and Carter join a relief mission in Africa, setting up a continuing story thread for following seasons. Carter deals with professional and family issues while other staff members have their own problems. Over the course of this season, Romano suffers setbacks after losing his arm, Abby and Carter lean towards a relationship, Pratt has troubles in both his personal and professional life. Cast Main cast Noah Wyle as Dr. John Carter – Attending Physician Laura Innes as Dr. Kerry Weaver – Chief of Emergency Medicine Mekhi Phifer as Dr. Greg Pratt – Intern PGY-1 Alex Kingston as Dr. Elizabeth Corday – Associate Chief of Surgery Goran Visnjic as Dr. Luka Kovač – Attending Physician Maura Tierney as Nurse Manager Abby Lockhart Sherry Stringfield as Dr. Susan Lewis – Attending Physician Ming-Na as Dr. Jing-Mei Chen – Attending Physician Sharif Atkins as Michael Gallant – Fourth-year Medical Student Paul McCrane as Dr. Robert Romano – Chief of Staff and Surgery Supporting cast Doctors and Medical students Sam Anderson as Dr. Jack Kayson – Chief of Cardiology John Aylward as Dr. Donald Anspaugh – Surgical Attending Physician and Hospital Board Member Don Cheadle as Paul Nathan – Medical Student Leslie Bibb as Erin Harkins – Medical Student John Doman as Dr. Carl DeRaad – Chief of Psychiatry Michael Buchman Silver as Dr. Paul Meyers – Psychiatrist Scott Jaeck as Dr. Steven Flint – Chief of Radiology Bruno Campos as Dr. Eddie Dorset – Vascular Surgeon Matthew Glave as Dr. Dale Edson Perry Anzilotti as Dr. Ed – Anesthesiologist Megan Cole as Dr. Alice Upton – Pathologist David Allen Brooks as Dr. Gunn Andy Umberger as Dr. David Harvey Dee Freeman as Dr. Lutz Randy Lowell as Dr. Dan Shine Christopher Grove as Dr. Marty Kline Nurses Ellen Crawford as Nurse Lydia Wright Conni Marie Brazelton as Nurse Conni Oligario Deezer D as Nurse Malik McGrath Laura Cerón as Nurse Chuny Marquez Yvette Freeman as Nurse Haleh Adams Lily Mariye as Nurse Lily Jarvik Gedde Watanabe as Nurse Yosh Takata Donal Logue as Flight Nurse Chuck Martin Dinah Lenney as Nurse Shirley Kyle Richards as Nurse Dori Kerns Nadia Shazana as Nurse Jacy Bellina Logan as Nurse Kit Lucy Rodriguez as Nurse Bjerke Sumalee Montano as Nurse Duvata Mahal Gina Philips as Nurse Kathy", "title": "ER season 9" }, { "docid": "62370266", "text": "JMI Records (Jack Music International) was an American record label founded in 1971 by Jack Clement, and was primarily active until 1974, when the catalog was sold to ABC-Dot Records. It was notable for having been the record label that first signed several country music singers and songwriters that would come to dominate the American country music charts of the 1970s, including singer Don Williams, and songwriters Bob McDill and Allen Reynolds. History Background (1964-1971) Jack Clement was an American singer, songwriter and record producer active between 1954-2013. Clement rose to prominence in the country music scene in the 1950s and 1970s collaborating with such stars as Johnny Cash, Charley Pride, Bobby Bare, Jerry Lee Lewis, Waylon Jennings and Ray Charles. His success allowed him to build his own state of the art recording studio in Nashville, Tennessee in the mid-1960s, and eventually he was able to fulfill his ambition of having his own recording label, J-M-I Records, in 1971. Active Years (1971-1974) At the record labels' inception, the goal was to create an atmosphere centered around the inventive talents of a variety of highly skilled Nashville studio musicians and songwriters. In the distribution announcement for the new company, it was noted that the releases would not be marketed under any specific categories. This meant that artists would be free to record whatever styles they wanted, regardless of how the recordings would fit into the existing commercial formats of the early 1970s country music scene. The first two albums released on the record label were \"Short Stories\" by Bob McDill and \"Finally Getting Home\" by Susan Taylor (formerly of the Pozo Seco Singers) in 1972. Allen Reynolds was brought on as vice-president from the outset, and he can be credited with bringing on Don Williams to J-M-I records in 1972. The labels initial offerings were considered more modern fare by the commercial press, and Williams' first single, released in the summer of 1972, became the first official \"country music\" release by the label. Williams released his first two albums with J-M-I, but moved to ABC-Dot Records when that company purchased J-M-I's catalog. Big Ken Smith of Tennessee Pulleybone spoke of the demise of J-M-I Records in a 2002 interview:'\"Our single, “The Door's Always Open,” did well. It was #1 in all the major markets, but never at the same time because JMI didn’t have the distribution. Our 3rd single got some airplay, but it didn’t get the airplay that “The Door's Always Open” did. Right after that, JMI folded because without distribution, it’s tough. Allen Reynolds, who was at JMI at the time, was going to go do a distribution deal with one of the big labels, but it never panned out.\" Contributions Partial List of Artists that have recorded and worked with J-M-I Records: Bob McDill Susan Taylor Allen Reynolds Tennessee Pulleybone Don Williams Discography Partial list of recordings known to have been released on J-M-I Records, including artist, release name and year. See also \"We Must Believe in", "title": "JMI Records" }, { "docid": "9085417", "text": "Hello Again is a 1987 American romantic fantasy-comedy film directed and produced by Frank Perry, written by Susan Isaacs and starring Shelley Long, Judith Ivey, Gabriel Byrne, Corbin Bernsen, Sela Ward, Austin Pendleton, Carrie Nye, Robert Lewis, Madeleine Potter, Thor Fields and Illeana Douglas. Plot Long Island housewife Lucy Chadman is in the midst of a tarot card reading by her sister, Zelda. Just as Zelda exclaims something is going to happen, Lucy begins to choke to death on a South Korean chicken ball. The film shows the difficulty of Lucy's loved ones, including Zelda, had in coping with her death. But the grief turns to excitement when Zelda receives a book of spells called The Wisdom of Catagonia. Within the book Zelda finds a spell that requires perfect astrological timing—the moon, the earth, and the dog star must form a perfect isosceles triangle. Zelda performs the spell and Lucy appears. Lucy begins to reacquaint herself with living and with her family who are shocked to see her alive again, one year later, and soon discovers that she cannot simply pick her life back up where she left off. She returns to find her widower husband has sold their home and married her greedy and double-crossing friend from college. Meanwhile, her son has opened his own successful restaurant and married, instead of going to Columbia. When she returns to the hospital in which she died, the emergency room doctor who tried to revive her begins to fall for her. Zelda confides in the doctor that if Lucy does not find love by the next full moon, she will have to go back to the spirit world. He does not believe Zelda. Eventually, the press finds out that Lucy came back from the dead, and plague her, her family, and the hospital the ER doctor works at. Her college friend becomes jealous of her media attention and the attention Lucy is getting from Mr. Chadman. She holds a news conference of her own and tells the media Lucy made the whole thing up—claiming that Lucy used tetrodotoxin as a means to fake her own death. Lucy does not defend herself, as she sees this as an opportunity to rid herself and her friends of the media. Instead, the doctor gets fired, her sister's occult store is vandalized and she is hated by almost everyone, except her family. She decides to end the debacle once and for all by tricking her college friend into admitting she lied about Lucy faking her death in front of the media at a party the hospital is having. Lucy, the doctor, and her family walk away happily. As the credits roll, we see that both Lucy and Zelda get married and have children with their new loves. Lucy's son also becomes a father. Cast Shelley Long as Lucy Chadman Judith Ivey as Zelda Gabriel Byrne as Kevin Scanlon Corbin Bernsen as Jason Chadman Sela Ward as Kim Lacey Austin Pendleton as Junior Lacey Carrie Nye as", "title": "Hello Again (1987 film)" }, { "docid": "4973646", "text": "Norsefire is the fictional white supremacist and neo-fascist political party ruling the United Kingdom in Alan Moore and David Lloyd's V for Vendetta comic book/graphic novel series, its 2005 film adaptation, and the 2019 television series Pennyworth. The organization gained power promising stability and restoration of the United Kingdom after a worldwide nuclear war between the United States and the Soviet Union decimates the Earth. The United Kingdom and Ireland survive due to their geographic isolation and the decommissioning of Britain's nuclear arsenal, but suffer widespread damage leading to societal instability, which is a catalyst for the rise of Norsefire. Due to the chaotic state of the world outside of the United Kingdom, the party gained power by promising order and security among the population. However, while the Norsefire regime did indeed bring order back to the country, this order came at a cost. Political opponents along with religious and ethnic minorities were rounded up and sent to concentration camps. With their potential enemies all removed within a short space of time, Norsefire began consolidating their power over the country. In public, the party portrays itself as a Christian fascist party supportive of the Anglican Communion. In private, the party leaders are apathetic on the subject, and allow higher-ranking members to not follow Christian morality or Christianity in private as long as such activities do not threaten the party's power. For instance, propagandist Lewis Prothero takes illicit drugs, Bishop Lilliman sexually abuses children, and three Fingermen attempt to rape Evey Hammond when they apprehend her. The head of the party, Leader Adam Susan, actually worships Fate, the super-computer surveillance system that surveys the nation, and considers himself and his creation God. While this is not explored in the film, both the novel and film imply that Susan/Sutler is not a fervent Christian so much as a person who values security and order, which he maintains by eliminating political opponents and cultural minorities. The Norsefire party is loosely based on the Nazi Party and the private religious views of Adolf Hitler. Overview In the story, the party is presented as rising during a post-apocalyptic Britain that has narrowly avoided an international nuclear war from 1988 on. As displayed during the story of Evey Hammond, although the United Kingdom did not suffer any nuclear attacks, the effects of full-scale nuclear war on other countries had severe effects on the environment, and thus on agriculture. This in its turn severely damaged the British economy and mass riots broke out. As Evey relays to V, an anarchist determined to destroy Norsefire, the government quickly collapsed and chaos overran the country. The situation turned after several years. From the madness of the violence came the ultra-right-wing Norsefire regime: fascists (similar to Oswald Mosley's British Union of Fascists) that united with the surviving big companies and businesses, giving them the appearance of wealth and stability. After seizing control of the country, the party gained complete control over the Church of England and other influential organizations to", "title": "Norsefire" }, { "docid": "45293597", "text": "Country Class is the 32nd album by Jerry Lee Lewis, released on Mercury Records in 1976. Cam Mullins was credited for the string and horn arrangements on \"Let's Put It Back Together\", \"Jerry Lee's Rock & Roll Revival Show\" and \"The Closest Thing to You\". Recording Country Class produced one Top Ten hit, \"Let's Put It Back Together Again,\" which made it to number 6 on the country singles chart. A portion of the album hearkens back to Jerry Lee's musical roots, with two Hank Williams covers and a moving rendition of the traditional \"Old Country Church,\" but it mostly features ballads couched in the smooth production provided by long-time producer Jerry Kennedy. An often overlooked track is Jerry Lee's reading of Bob McDill's \"Closest Thing To You,\" which only made it to number 27 but features a hauntingly restrained vocal from \"the Killer.\" The LP rose to number 16. Graceland arrest Country Class was released the same year that Lewis was arrested outside Elvis Presley's Graceland home for allegedly planning to shoot him. Lewis had already nearly killed his bass player Butch Owens on September 29 (his forty-first birthday) when a .357 accidentally went off in his hand. In Rick Bragg's 2014 authorized biography Jerry Lee Lewis: His Own Story, Lewis explains that the reclusive Presley had been trying to reach him and finally did on November 23, imploring that he \"come out to the house.\" Lewis replied that he would if he had time but that he was busy trying to get his father Elmo out of jail in Tunica for a DUI. Later that night, Lewis was at a Memphis nightclub called Vapors drinking champagne when he was given a gun. \"Charles Feron, he owned Vapors, he give it to me,\" Lewis clarifies to Bragg. \"A .38 derringer. Me, pretty well drunk, with that derringer - it ain't somethin' strange.\" Lewis suddenly remembered that Elvis wanted to see him and, climbing aboard his new Lincoln Continental with the loaded pistol on the dash and a bottle of champagne under his arm, tore off for Graceland. Just before three o'clock in the morning, Lewis accidentally smashed into the famous Graceland gates because the \"nose of that Lincoln was a mile long.\" Presley's astonished cousin Harold Lloyd was manning the gate and watched Lewis attempt to hurl the champagne bottle through the car window, not realizing it was rolled up, smashing both. Bragg reports that Lewis denies ever intending to do Presley harm, that the two were friends, but \"Elvis, watching on the closed-circuit television, told guards to call the police. The Memphis police found the gun in the car and put Jerry Lee, protesting, hollering, threatening them, away in handcuffs.\" Lewis: \"The cops asked Elvis, 'What do you want us to do? And Elvis told 'em, 'Lock him up.' That hurt my feelings. To be scared of me - knowin' me the way he did - was ridiculous.\" Lewis was charged with carrying a pistol and public drunkenness.", "title": "Country Class" }, { "docid": "4548130", "text": "The Frank Show is a morning talk radio show that originates from KLPX in Tucson, Arizona. The show broadcasts mornings from 6 am to 10 am Mountain Standard Time on Classic rock station 96.1 KLPX in the Tucson area, which is owned by Lotus Communications. The show is available on demand as a daily podcast. Prior to its move to KLPX on June 28, 2010, The Frank Show was previously broadcast on a sister station of KLPX, Alternative rock station 102.1 KFMA. Members of the Show: Frank Brinsley – hosts the radio show. Kristine Levine - co-host of the show Brad Pfirrman aka Beef Vegan - co-host of the show Guest Listeners At times, listeners from the Tucson area are known to frequently call in, or even come into the studio as guests. These are some of the people that have come into the studio, or called in from time to time. Crazy Diane – A local from Tucson, she is the most well known of all the callers for her \"crazy\" life and her pride as a Native American. She claims to always have a ladder outside her window for Frank to climb in and have his way with her, but that is not as touched on anymore since Frank's marriage. One of her catchphrases include \"In the spirit of Crazy Horse!\" Smiley – \"The Stuttering Mexican\", he came on the show for a skit called Handicapped Boxing, in which he beat Tic Tac in a boxing match. Due to a disability, he usually wears a glove on his bad hand to keep from digging his own nails into his palm. One thing he is known for is his collection of shot glasses. Bingo – Another local from Tucson, Bingo is known for his drinking, which has caused him to look much older than he really is. He claims to be a songwriter, and have sold many of his songs to famous artists like Trace Atkins, and also claimed to have written \"And The Thunder Rolls\" by Garth Brooks, but has no legitimate proof of any of these claims. He is also known for his past with women and fathering different children, most of which he never sees. Koji – He has called in a number of times and is known for the first \"official Frank Show t-shirt\", which depicted Gregg and Crazy Diane with Gregg's most memorable phrase \"How did I fail when I got serviced?\" Another shirt was made for Frank as a present, and only two other shirts have been made by Koji: one of Frank's \"Shock Jock Illustrated\" cover (which was given to Crazy Diane) and one of the quote \"Tic Tac is an M-F-er.\" said by Buddy, which was also given to him as a gift as well. Koji's most recent appearance was during the show's Rock Band Contest under the alias of \"Lewis Bawls\" with his band Nocturne's Cry. Leland – A caller with autism and a love for zombie movies, Leland first", "title": "The Frank Show" }, { "docid": "8626343", "text": "The third season of the American fictional drama television series ER first aired on September 26, 1996, and concluded on May 15, 1997. The third season consists of 22 episodes. Plot Early in the season, Susan Lewis leaves for Phoenix to live with her sister and niece. Before she leaves, Greene realizes his feelings for her and races against time to declare them. He makes it to Union Station just as she is boarding the train. He stops her and declares his love, begging her to stay. Susan leaves anyway, but not before kissing Mark and declaring, as the train pulls out of the station, that she loves him too. In the aftermath of her departure, Mark begins to fall into depression, develops a meaner attitude, and starts sleeping with County General nurse Chuny Marquez, although they soon break up. Towards the end of the season, he is viciously attacked in the ER bathroom, and the thug is never caught. Although some suspicions arise over former patients and families, his beating was no more than a random act of violence. He becomes increasingly paranoid about his personal safety and distances himself from friends and family. Meanwhile, Doug and Carol draw closer, culminating in a kiss at the end of the season. Doug is said to be attending therapy throughout the season, although this is never shown on-screen. This is possibly due to one of his one night stands dying in the hospital just after they were together, and Doug questioning his actions. Carol considers going to medical school, but eventually decides that she loves her work as a nurse too much to change. Carter, now an intern, continues to lock horns with Benton, especially over Benton's treatment of surgical intern Dennis Gant. This eventually results in Gant committing suicide by throwing himself in front of a train and despite the ER staff's best efforts, Gant eventually dies from his injuries, devastating Carter who begins blaming himself and Benton for not doing more to prevent Gant's suicide. Benton also starts dating Carla Reece, who becomes pregnant and gives premature birth to his son at the end of the season. Weaver supports Jeanie, who is forced to reveal her HIV-status early in the season, when Mark gains unauthorized access to her medical records. While Jeanie struggles with her condition, she becomes involved with a doctor from the Infectious Diseases department, before reuniting with her ex-husband, Al. Production Original executive producers John Wells and Michael Crichton reprised their roles. Lydia Woodward joined them as a third executive producer having previously served as a co-executive producer since the first season. Mimi Leder did not return as a co-executive producer having moved into directing feature films. Carol Flint returned as a co-executive producer. Christopher Chulack returned to his role as director and producer and was promoted mid-season to fill Leder's position as director and co-executive producer. Paul Manning returned to his supervising producer post. Long-term crew member Wendy Spence Rosato returned as a co-producer. Neal", "title": "ER season 3" }, { "docid": "8603110", "text": "The first season of the American fictional drama television series ER aired from September 19, 1994 to May 18, 1995. This season, containing 25 episodes, is the longest running of the series. The two-hour pilot episode aired on September 19, 1994, and was followed by 24 other episodes, including the season finale that aired on May 18, 1995. Plot In ER first season, the core cast consisted of Chief Resident Dr. Mark Greene, pediatric resident Dr. Doug Ross, second-year resident Dr. Susan Lewis, medical student John Carter, head nurse Carol Hathaway, and second-year surgical resident Dr. Peter Benton. The series premiere \"24 Hours\" sees Dr. Greene considering a move into private practice at the request of his wife, Jen. The episode also sees an attempted suicide from staff nurse Carol Hathaway, who had previously been in a long-term relationship with Doug Ross, as well as the first day for medical student John Carter. Originally, Carol Hathaway died by suicide, but her death in the pilot was never shown or referred to by other characters, leaving her open for a return. Audiences responded so well to her character that producers decided to offer Julianna Margulies a permanent spot in the cast. Her love interest in the first season is John \"Tag\" Taglieri. One of the major events this season is a blizzard that sends multiple patients to County General. Also over the course of the season, Dr. Greene's marriage begins to disintegrate. At work, he experiences problems, after making a fatal error in the treatment of a pregnant woman in the Emmy-winning episode \"Love's Labor Lost.\" He falls into a depression. Meanwhile, a lovelorn Ross struggles to come to terms with the fact that a recovered Hathaway is moving on with her life while Dr. Lewis tries to cope with her rebellious sister, Chloe, who becomes pregnant and gives birth to a daughter at the end of the season. Lewis also struggles professionally with cardiologist Dr. Kayson and romantically with mentally unstable psychiatrist Dr. Div Cvetic. Carter comes to grips with the fast-paced life of an ER doctor, while trying to win the approval of his demanding supervising resident, Dr. Peter Benton. Hathaway gets back on her feet in the aftermath of her suicide attempt; she gets engaged and tries to adopt an HIV-positive Russian orphan, but is denied due to her suicide attempt. On her wedding day, her fiancé, Dr. John Taglieri, questions the strength of her love for him. She admits she does not love him as much as he loves her, and he leaves her shortly before the ceremony. Dr. Benton is forced to cope with his busy surgical schedule, while caring for his ailing mother. After her death, he becomes romantically involved with her physical therapist Jeanie Boulet. Production The series pilot was executive produced by Michael Crichton and John Wells, Dennis Murphy produced the pilot episode and Wendy Spence Rosato served as associate producer. Crichton, Wells, and Spence-Rosato continued these roles for the series proper while", "title": "ER season 1" }, { "docid": "174376", "text": "The Whitewater controversy, Whitewater scandal, Whitewatergate, or simply Whitewater, was an American political controversy during the 1990s. It began with an investigation into the real estate investments of Bill and Hillary Clinton and their associates, Jim and Susan McDougal, in the Whitewater Development Corporation. This failed business venture was incorporated in 1979 with the purpose of developing vacation properties on land along the White River near Flippin, Arkansas. A March 1992 New York Times article published during the 1992 U.S. presidential campaign reported that the Clintons, then governor and first lady of Arkansas, had invested and lost money in the Whitewater Development Corporation. The article stimulated the interest of L. Jean Lewis, a Resolution Trust Corporation investigator who was looking into the failure of Madison Guaranty Savings and Loan, also owned by Jim and Susan McDougal. Lewis looked for connections between the savings and loan company and the Clintons, and on September 2, 1992, she submitted a criminal referral to the FBI naming Bill and Hillary Clinton as witnesses in the Madison Guaranty case. Little Rock U.S. Attorney Charles A. Banks and the FBI determined that the referral lacked merit, but Lewis continued to pursue the case. From 1992 to 1994, Lewis issued several additional referrals against the Clintons and repeatedly called the U.S. Attorney's Office in Little Rock and the Justice Department regarding the case. Her referrals eventually became public knowledge, and she testified before the Senate Whitewater Committee in 1995. David Hale, the source of criminal allegations against the Clintons, claimed in November 1993 that Bill Clinton had pressured him into providing an illegal $300,000 loan to Susan McDougal, the Clintons' partner in the Whitewater land deal. The allegations were regarded as questionable because Hale had not mentioned Clinton in reference to this loan during the original FBI investigation of Madison Guaranty in 1989; only after coming under indictment himself in 1993, did Hale make allegations against the Clintons. A U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission investigation resulted in convictions against the McDougals for their role in the Whitewater project. Jim Guy Tucker, Bill Clinton's successor as governor, was convicted of fraud and sentenced to four years of probation for his role in the matter. Susan McDougal served 18 months in prison for contempt of court for refusing to answer questions relating to Whitewater. Neither Bill Clinton nor Hillary Clinton were ever prosecuted, after three separate inquiries found insufficient evidence linking them with the criminal conduct of others related to the land deal. The matter was handled by the Whitewater Independent Counsel, Republican Kenneth Starr. The last of these inquiries came from the final Independent Counsel, Robert Ray (who replaced Starr) in 2000. Susan McDougal was granted a pardon by President Clinton before he left office. Nomenclature The term \"Whitewater\" is sometimes used to include other controversies from the Bill Clinton administration, such as Travelgate, Filegate, and the circumstances surrounding Vince Foster's death, that were also investigated by the Whitewater Independent Counsel. But Whitewater proper refers only to the", "title": "Whitewater controversy" } ]	[ "Season 8" ]
train_45942	what country does messi play for in fifa 15	[ { "docid": "34055429", "text": "The 2011 FIFA Club World Cup final was the final match of the 2011 FIFA Club World Cup, an association football tournament hosted by Japan. It was the eighth final of the FIFA Club World Cup, a FIFA-organized tournament between the winners of the six continental confederations as well as the host nation's league champions. The final was played between CONMEBOL's champion Santos and UEFA's champion Barcelona. Barcelona defeated Santos 4–0 and won their second FIFA Club World Cup, two years after they won their first one in 2009. The match was billed as a showdown between Barcelona forward Lionel Messi and the 19-year-old Santos forward Neymar, who would later go on to become Messi's teammate at both Barcelona and Paris Saint-Germain. Messi won the \"duel\" by scoring two goals in the final and being named man of the match as well as player of the tournament. Road to final Team news Barcelona forward David Villa missed the final after he broke his shinbone in the semi-final victory over Al-Sadd. He was injured six minutes before half-time after appearing to land awkwardly; Barcelona announced after the match that he had suffered a \"fracture to the tibia in his left leg\" that could see him sidelined for four to five months. Match Summary In the first half, Barcelona were extremely dominant. Messi and Thiago forced saves from Santos goalkeeper Rafael Cabral in the 12th minute. Messi then scored with a chip over Cabral in the 17th minute. Seven minutes later, Xavi scored a second with a strike from just inside the penalty area. Santos came back with a short-range effort by Borges that was saved by Barcelona 'keeper Víctor Valdés, before Cesc Fàbregas hit the post two minutes later and then scored Barcelona's third goal just before the half ended. In the second half, Santos improved and teenage star Neymar finally had a chance for Santos in the 57th minute when he was one-on-one with Valdés, but the shot was saved. Barcelona's Dani Alves hit the post in the 79th minute, before Messi rounded the goalkeeper in the 82nd minute to cap the scoring with his second goal. Details Statistics See also FC Barcelona in international football competitions Santos FC in South America References External links FIFA Club World Cup Japan 2011, FIFA.com World Final 2011 Santos FC matches FC Barcelona matches Sports competitions in Yokohama Football in Yokohama World 2010s in Yokohama", "title": "2011 FIFA Club World Cup final" }, { "docid": "32784185", "text": "FIFA Street (also known as FIFA Street 4 and FIFA Street 2012) is a street football video game developed by EA Canada and published by EA Sports. It was released in March 2012 for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 consoles. It is the first such game in almost four years, and a reboot for the series. FIFA Street was developed by some of the same team behind FIFA 12, including creative director Gary Paterson, and uses the FIFA 12 game engine. Sid Misra, the line producer for FIFA Street, promised \"the first true quality street football experience.\" Gameplay In an effort to make the game more \"authentic\", the stylised cartoon-like visuals of previous games in the series has been dropped in favour of a more realistic look, though there will still be the same emphasis on skill moves and tricks. The focus is once again on fast-paced games involving small teams of five or six players per side, one-on-one, and game modes based on panna and futsal are also included. As with the previous games in the series, skill moves are an important element of gameplay. FIFA Street features twice as many tricks as are possible in FIFA 12, with much greater variety, and over 50 more than its predecessor FIFA Street 3. Other new features include improved one-touch passing, a feature called Street Ball Control, and a new \"ATTACK\" dribbling system. The game features a large number of real life players from 3000 teams of many of the world's biggest leagues, and locations from around the world ranging from the streets of Amsterdam to the beaches of Rio de Janeiro. Each of these arenas attempt to reflect the style of football played in that country. The game is the first game in the series to feature both national and club teams. The game features a Fun mode, which lets the player create their own fun, from details such as crest and team fun, to players and their individual street funions. The user then competes in competitions against the AI, after which, the total skill points each player earned in the game is tallied up in a levelling system. From levelling up players the user can use points earned to upgrade their player's skill and ability from passing to shooting to goalkeeping. With the integration of EA Sports Football Club, players can add friends' players onto their World Tour team. Development Promotion and release The game was announced on 16 August 2011 at the Gamescom event in Germany, and was released on the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 consoles in March 2012. Along with several other new EA Sports titles, FIFA Street was available early to purchasers of the EA Sports Season Ticket. Lionel Messi features on the cover after EA announced, in November 2011, that he had signed a deal to become the new face of the FIFA franchise. The \"Adidas All-Star Team\" including 13 of the greatest footballers in the world and the Lionel Messi Barcelona-themed venue", "title": "FIFA Street (2012 video game)" }, { "docid": "2650995", "text": "Iván Jacinto Hurtado Angulo (born 16 August 1974) is an Ecuadorian politician and former professional footballer who played as a centre back. With 168 international appearances for Ecuador between 1992 and 2014, he was the most capped South American male footballer of all time before Lionel Messi overtook him during the 2022 FIFA World Cup, and the 17th-most-capped male international footballer. Club career Hurtado started his career with the small club of his hometown, Esmeraldas Petrolero, at the age of 16. A year later he moved on to one of Ecuador's biggest clubs in Guayaquil, Emelec, and had two stellar seasons, including two championships with the club, in one of them he scored the championship goal with a free kick he executed. His excellent play warranted a switch to the Mexican leagues where he even further developed his defending techniques and his intelligent reading of the game. Ivan made a big impact in his first club, Celaya, where he led them to the Mexican league finals. He then moved to Tigres. He then moved on to the La Liga in Spain playing for Real Murcia. After a mostly successful spell with Pachuca in Primera División de México, he moved on to Al Arabi in the Qatari League, impressing many over there. After the FIFA World Cup in Germany, where Hurtado shone, it was reported that high-profile clubs such as English Premier League's Wigan Athletic, and Spanish La Liga's Recreativo Huelva and Villarreal were highly interested in him. However none of these rumors were accurate, and after spending six more months with Al Arabi, Hurtado moved to Colombia where he played for Atlético Nacional, he led the defence of the team, becoming captain in the back-to-back titles in 2007. In mid-2009, he returned to Deportivo Quito for the remainder of their season. In 2011, he returned to play for Barcelona SC for one year, then he finished his career with Grecia in 2012. International career Hurtado holds the record as the youngest Ecuadorian to play for his country at just 17 years and 285 days. He has appeared in more FIFA World Cup qualification matches than any other player in history, and also held the record for most overall international caps by South American player until it was surpassed by Lionel Messi in December 2022. Hurtado was one of the key players who played a major role in securing a first ever World Cup berth for Ecuador in 2002. He had such an impressive tournament, that he was appointed to succeed former Ecuadorian star Alex Aguinaga to be the captain of a new generation of an ever-improving Ecuador side. His best performances came in Ecuador's dream tournament in the 2006 FIFA World Cup. His defence left stars such as Polish forward Jacek Krzynowek, Costa Rican striker Paulo Wanchope, and English players Wayne Rooney, Joe Cole and Steven Gerrard desperate for goals. However, his form declined in a space of just six months. Nevertheless, he played for Ecuador at the 2007 Copa", "title": "Iván Hurtado" }, { "docid": "42999594", "text": "FIFA 15 is a football simulation video game developed by EA Canada and published by Electronic Arts under the EA Sports label. It was released on 23 September 2014 in North America, 25 September in Europe and 26 September in the United Kingdom and Ireland for the PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, PlayStation Vita, Nintendo 3DS, Wii, Xbox One, Xbox 360, Microsoft Windows, iOS, Android and Windows Phone. On PC for the first time, FIFA 15 runs on EA's Ignite engine with the same features as the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 editions. This is the final game in the FIFA series to be available on the Nintendo 3DS, Nintendo Wii and PlayStation Vita, as well as the last game published by Electronic Arts for the former. The game features Lionel Messi on its cover, alongside different players in different parts of the world, and is the first game in the FIFA series to be fully licensed by the Premier League. FIFA 15 received positive reviews across all platforms, although the PC version in particular was criticized for the amount of bugs that were featured at release. For the third consecutive edition, the main commentators for the game are Martin Tyler and Alan Smith. Ultimate Team FIFA 15s Ultimate Team introduced a new feature, in which users can sign loan players for a limited duration of matches. Another new feature is The Concept Squad, where players are given access to the game's database and can create a \"dream squad\". The concept players card is grey colored. A number of new legends are also introduced to the game, including Franz Beckenbauer, Roberto Carlos, Peter Schmeichel and Hristo Stoichkov which are only available on Xbox One and Xbox 360. Goal celebrations New goal celebrations featured in the game include Luis Suárez's 'kiss the wrist' routine, Zlatan Ibrahimović kicking the corner flag, and Cristiano Ronaldo's celebration from his second goal vs Sweden in the qualifying play-offs for the 2014 World Cup where he raises both arms and points downwards. Licensing A demo was released on 9 September 2014, with three new teams – Chelsea, Liverpool and Napoli – alongside the previous game's demo's teams: Borussia Dortmund, FC Barcelona, Manchester City, Boca Juniors and Paris Saint-Germain. A full list of the game's leagues, clubs and national teams was published on its official website on 18 September with the description \"Experience true football authenticity with FIFA 15 – featuring 35 licensed leagues, over 600 clubs, 16,000+ players and 41 licensed stadiums\". EA Sports had signed a deal with the Premier League as the Official Sports Technology Partner. In this way EA are licensed under Premier League development. This deal allows all 20 Premier League stadiums to be included in the game, including the seven stadiums from FIFA 14. Official Premier League scoreboards and television graphics are also in the game, as well as real-life referees, chants and advertising hoardings. The Italian Serie A is fully licensed in FIFA 15. All Serie B teams except the three", "title": "FIFA 15" }, { "docid": "45576611", "text": "The 2015 Copa del Rey final was an association football match on 30 May 2015 to decide the winner of the 2014–15 Copa del Rey, the 113th edition of Spain's premier football cup since its establishment (including two seasons where two rival editions were played). It was played between Athletic Bilbao and Barcelona, at the Camp Nou, the latter club's home stadium. Barcelona won the match 3–1, achieving their record 27th title in the competition. Lionel Messi and Neymar gave Barcelona a 2–0 lead at half time. Although Athletic replied with a goal by Iñaki Williams, Messi scored another goal late on to confirm his team's victory and was named man of the match. This was the second part of Barcelona's treble, with the team going on to win the 2015 UEFA Champions League final a week later. Messi's first goal, in which he ran past a number of opponents, was the runner-up in the FIFA Puskás Award for the year's best goal. Neymar was criticised for his showboating in the final minutes of the match, with Barcelona manager Luis Enrique excusing his Brazilian striker for cultural reasons. Both teams and the Royal Spanish Football Federation were given fines by the nation's government for security breaches and allowing separatist demonstrations at the match. As Barcelona won the 2014–15 La Liga, Athletic qualified automatically as the cup representative in the 2015 Supercopa de España. Venue Before the semi-final second leg, Barcelona's board requested the final be held at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium, home of their fierce rivals Real Madrid, as it is the largest stadium in Spain apart from their own Camp Nou. At the same time, according to Barcelona-based newspaper La Vanguardia, the president of the Royal Spanish Football Federation (RFEF), Ángel María Villar, wanted the final at the San Mamés Stadium in Bilbao. That decision would have given Athletic Bilbao home advantage, but could have been challenged by potential finalist Espanyol, whose team bus was vandalised on their last visit there. On 25 March, the RFEF confirmed that it would be held at Barcelona's Camp Nou. Real Madrid refused to let the final be played at their stadium, and the Camp Nou was chosen at an RFEF meeting ahead of the San Mamés, with Sevilla's Ramón Sánchez Pizjuán Stadium and Valencia's Mestalla Stadium eliminated in an earlier round of voting. Background Barcelona had previously played 36 Copa del Rey Finals, a record bettered only by Real Madrid with 39. However, Barcelona had won the competition a record 26 times. Their most recent appearance in the final was the previous year's edition, in which they lost 1–2 to Real Madrid at the Mestalla in Valencia. Their most recent win was in 2012, beating Athletic Bilbao 3–0 at the Vicente Calderón Stadium in Madrid. Their only previous final at the Camp Nou was a victory in 1963. The last team to play a Copa del Rey Final at their own ground was Real Madrid, who lost in 2013 to Atlético Madrid", "title": "2015 Copa del Rey final" }, { "docid": "29358017", "text": "The 2010 FIFA Ballon d'Or Gala was the inaugural year for FIFA's awards for the top football players and coaches of the year. The gala is a continuation of the FIFA World Player Gala and a result of merging the FIFA Men's World Player of the Year award with the Ballon d'Or, previously created and presented by France Football to the top men's player in Europe. The awards ceremony took place on 10 January 2011 in Zürich, Switzerland. The three finalists for each category were announced on 6 December 2010. La Masia, the FC Barcelona academy, achieved a record breaking honor in becoming the first youth academy ever to have all three finalists for the Ballon d'Or in one same year, with Lionel Messi, Andrés Iniesta and Xavi. Messi won the award, his second consecutive Ballon d'Or victory. Marta won the FIFA Women's World Player of the Year award, her fifth in a row. José Mourinho, Portuguese manager of Real Madrid and previously of Internazionale, was the first winner of the men's FIFA World Coach of the Year award in 2010. The women's version of the award was won by Germany head coach Silvia Neid. Winners and nominees FIFA Ballon d'Or The following twenty players were also in contention for the award: FIFA Women's World Player of the Year The following seven players were also in contention for the award: FIFA World Coach of the Year for Men's Football FIFA World Coach of the Year for Women's Football FIFA Puskás Award FIFA/FIFPro World XI FIFA Presidential Award Desmond Tutu FIFA Fair Play Award References External links France Football Official Ballon d'Or page 2010 Fifa Ballon Dor, 2010 Fifa Ballon Dor, 2010 2010 sports awards Women's association football trophies and awards 2010 in women's association football", "title": "2010 FIFA Ballon d'Or" }, { "docid": "10782241", "text": "New Maradona or New Diego was a title given by the press and public to promising Argentine football players in reference (and reverence) to Diego Maradona as a benchmark. Since Maradona retired, people had been anticipating someone to lead the Argentina national team to a World Cup final, like Maradona did in 1986 and 1990. As a consequence, very talented youngsters were quickly labeled as the New Maradona (for example Lionel Messi or Juan Román Riquelme), sometimes without any similarity in playing style (such as Franco Di Santo). The New Maradonas were predominantly players in attacking or advanced playmaking roles — forwards, wingers, or attacking midfielders. The term gradually fell out of use after Lionel Messi successfully managed to lead Argentina to World Cup finals in 2014 and 2022, winning it in the latter, arguably emulating and surpassing Maradona to become the most successful Argentine footballer ever. Lionel Messi Lionel Messi has universally been considered as Maradona’s successor which earned him the title, an assertion supported by Maradona himself. Maradona and Messi worked together as manager and player for Argentina's national side at the 2010 World Cup, the former thoroughly impressed with the latter's skills. On 18 April 2007, Messi scored a goal against Getafe CF, which was very similar to Maradona's Goal of the Century, scored against England in the 1986 World Cup. The world's sports press exploded with Maradona comparisons, and the Spanish press labeled Messi “Messidona”. On 9 June 2007, in a match against RCD Espanyol, Messi scored a goal using his hand, which drew comparisons to the Hand of God goal scored by Maradona in the same World Cup match. On 12 March 2013, Messi scored two goals, and helped create the fourth, to help Barcelona defeat A.C. Milan (4–0) in the 2nd leg of their Champions League game and reach the quarter-finals. Messi's opening goal of the match once again drew further comparisons between himself and Maradona, due to the similarity with Maradona's famous goal against Greece in the 1994 FIFA World Cup. Messi has been compared to Maradona due to their similar playing style, skill set, and short stature. Their lower centre of gravity allows them to be more agile and change direction more quickly, helping them to evade tackles, and their short legs allow them to excel in short bursts of acceleration, and to keep control of the ball when dribbling at speed. Both players have played and worn the number 10 shirt for Barcelona and also for the Argentina national team, and like Maradona before him, Messi is also predominantly a left footed player. Messi's passing, dribbling, vision, eye for goal and playmaking ability have also drawn comparisons to Maradona. Like Maradona, Messi is also an accurate set piece and penalty kick taker. Maradona a freekick genious himslef, helped Messi enhance his free kick techniques which helped Messi to become a regular freekick taker at both club and international levels, a set piece master, and one of the world’s best freekick takers,", "title": "New Maradona" }, { "docid": "21857860", "text": "Futbol Club Barcelona is a professional association football club based in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. The club was founded in 1899 by a group of Swiss, English and Spanish men led by Joan Gamper. Barcelona is one of only three clubs to have never been relegated from La Liga and the most successful club in Spanish football, having won a total of 76 domestic titles: 26 La Liga titles, a record 31 Spanish Cups, 14 Spanish Super Cups, a record 3 Copas Eva Duarte and a record 2 League Cups. Barcelona is the only European side to have played continental football in every season since its inception in 1955 and one of the most successful clubs in European football, having won 14 official UEFA trophies in total. Aside from being the founder, Gamper was also one of the club's first footballers and holds the record for most goals in a single match, with nine. Lionel Messi holds the record for the most number of appearances in official matches with 778, is the all-time top scorer with 700+ goals, all-time top scorer in official competitions, with 672, is the current La Liga top scorer with 474 goals and holds the record for the most appearances in La Liga, with 520 matches. Messi has won the record number of trophies for the club (35). Barcelona has employed several famous players, with five FIFA World Player of the Year winners and six Ballon d'Or winners among the previous and current Barcelona players. This makes Barça the club with the most FIFA World Player awards received by the players. In 2009, Barcelona achieved an unprecedented sextuple by winning La Liga, the Copa del Rey, the UEFA Champions League, the Supercopa de España, the UEFA Super Cup and the FIFA Club World Cup in one calendar year. The same year, five of their players and their coach were voted onto the UEFA Team of the Year. The list includes notable footballers who have played for Barcelona. Generally, this means players that have played at least 100 league matches for the club. However, some players who have played fewer matches are also included if they are on Barcelona's list of legends. Between 1899 and May 2015, 958 footballers have played at least one official game with Barcelona. Key List of players Appearance and goal totals only include matches in La Liga, which was first established in 1928; players who were only active before then are included for their notability. Substitute appearances are included. Statistics are correct as of 4 June 2023. Club captains Notes NB For a full description of positions see football positions. d'Or. Won Ballon d'Or while at Barcelona. BEST. Won The Best FIFA Men's Player while at Barcelona. FIFA. Won FIFA Player of the Year while at Barcelona. Pichichi. Won the Pichichi Trophy, a trophy for top goalscorer in the league, while at Barcelona. Martín was the first Barcelona player to win the trophy. Zamora. Won the Zamora Trophy, a trophy for goalkeeper who", "title": "List of FC Barcelona players" }, { "docid": "57790803", "text": "Messi (; born 30 October 2015) is a pet cougar, model and Internet celebrity, owned by Russian couple Alexandr and Mariya Dmitriev. The Dmitrievs live with Messi in a two-story house on a large plot of land in Penza, Russia. Messi was adopted in 2016 from a local petting zoo. In 2017, the Dmitrievs started an Instagram account and a YouTube channel for Messi, which became popular by 2018 and continues to grow in subscribers. Early life Messi was born in a zoo at Saransk, Russia. He was one of three newborn cougars at the zoo to be named after professional football players formerly from FC Barcelona; Messi was named after Lionel Messi, and the other two were named Suarez and Neymar. The cubs were given these names because Saransk was one of several cities proposed to host the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia. Messi was later sold to a petting zoo in Penza when he was three months old. Messi was significantly smaller than other typical male cougars, and as the species is not native to Russia, he could not be released into the wild. He had numerous other health problems as well, which rendered him unable to live in a zoo or wildlife sanctuary either. Furthermore, workers at the petting zoo originally planned to euthanize him. In 2016, Alexandr and Mariya Dmitriev visited the Penza zoo and met Messi for the first time. The couple experienced \"love at first sight,\" and noticed Messi's exceptionally gentle personality. The Dmitrievs already had a sphynx cat named Kira but Aleksandr always wanted a big cat and so they considered bringing Messi home, offering a high price to the zoo authorities. “So we went to the zoo and started negotiations to buy Messi. We were surprised ourselves when they agreed\", Mariya Dmitriev recalled in an interview with Caters News. Domestic life When they first purchased Messi, Alexandr and Mariya Dmitriev lived in a small studio apartment in Penza. The hallway of the apartment was modified and was designated as Messi's play area. Messi uses toys such as empty bottles and balls. Messi has a gentle and calm personality, and has never attacked a person or another animal. The Dmitrievs sometimes refer to him as \"kitten.\" Messi is regarded by his owners as similar to a domestic dog. He has been trained at a local dog training facility and has learned around ten formal commands. The Dmitrievs walk Messi regularly using a leash, coat, and harness through various environments. Messi is fed twice a day, and his diet mostly consists of raw turkey, beef, and chicken. It costs the Dmitrievs about 630 rubles per day to feed him. The couple regularly bathes Messi in a bathtub and sometimes trim his claws. Messi is house-broken (trained) and prefers to stay inside when there is snow outside. Media attention In 2017, the Dmitrievs started an Instagram account and YouTube channel for Messi, both called \"I_am_puma\". Pictures and videos published to these social media accounts", "title": "Messi (cougar)" }, { "docid": "524577", "text": "Ronaldo de Assis Moreira (born 21 March 1980), commonly known as Ronaldinho Gaúcho () or simply Ronaldinho, is a Brazilian former professional footballer who played as an attacking midfielder or winger. Widely regarded as one of the greatest players of all time, he won two FIFA World Player of the Year awards and a Ballon d'Or. He is the only player ever to have won a World Cup, a Copa América, a Confederations Cup, a Champions League, a Copa Libertadores and a Ballon d'Or. A global icon of the sport, Ronaldinho was renowned for his technical skills, creativity, dribbling ability and accuracy from free-kicks, his use of tricks, feints, no-look passes and overhead kicks, as well as his ability to score and create goals, all prominent characteristics of his early-age background playing futsal. He is known by the nickname \"O Bruxo\" (\"The Wizard\"). Ronaldinho made his career debut for Grêmio, in 1998. At age 20, he moved to Paris Saint-Germain in France before signing for Barcelona in 2003. In his second season with Barcelona, he won his first FIFA World Player of the Year award as Barcelona won the 2004–05 La Liga title. The season that followed is considered one of the best in his career as he was integral in Barcelona winning the 2005–06 UEFA Champions League, their first in fourteen years, and another La Liga title, giving Ronaldinho his first career double, receiving the 2005 Ballon d'Or and his second FIFA World Player of the Year in the process. After scoring two solo goals in the first 2005–06 El Clásico, Ronaldinho became the second Barcelona player, after Diego Maradona in 1983, to receive a standing ovation from Real Madrid fans at the Santiago Bernabéu. Due to these successes, Ronaldinho is widely credited with changing the history of Barcelona. Following a second-place La Liga finish to Real Madrid in the 2006–07 season and an injury-plagued 2007–08 season, Ronaldinho suffered a decline in his performances—often put down to a decrease in dedication and focus having achieved so much in the sport—and departed Barcelona to join AC Milan, where he won the 2010–11 Serie A. He returned to Brazil to play for Flamengo in 2011 and Atlético Mineiro a year later where he won the 2013 Copa Libertadores, before moving to Mexico to play for Querétaro and then back to Brazil to play for Fluminense in 2015. Ronaldinho accumulated numerous other individual awards in his career: he was included in the UEFA Team of the Year and the FIFA World XI three times each, and was named UEFA Club Footballer of the Year for the 2005–06 season and South American Footballer of the Year in 2013; in 2004, he was named by Pelé in the FIFA 100 list of the world's greatest living players. In 2009, Ronaldinho was voted World Player of the Decade 2000s, ahead of Lionel Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo. In his international career with Brazil, Ronaldinho earned 97 caps and scored 33 goals and represented his country in", "title": "Ronaldinho" }, { "docid": "5050208", "text": "Icons.com is an online retailer of authentic signed sports memorabilia based in London and Christchurch. The website was launched in 1999 initially as the leading portal for the personal websites of the world's top footballers. Since late 2008, it has sold merchandise and memorabilia signed by the likes of Lionel Messi, Cristiano Ronaldo, Diego Maradona, Pelé, Neymar, Ronaldo, Andres Iniesta, Ronaldinho, Luka Modric, Joao Felix, Son Heung-min and many others. In 2010, Icons Shop Limited was awarded the world's first football memorabilia licence by FIFA. It allowed the website to produce a range of official 2010 FIFA World Cup products. Since then, Icons.com has sold official memorabilia for all other iterations of the FIFA World Cup as well as the UEFA Champions League, UEFA Europa League, UEFA European Championship, The Football Association and Lionel Messi. In June 2015, Icons Shop Limited sold a majority stake in the company to Marka PJSC and used the investment to purchase the assets of rival business A1 Sporting Memorabilia, thus becoming the world's largest football memorabilia company. History Founded by James Freedman, Icons.com was initially a football website that provided regular diary updates from many of the world's top footballers and also guest interviews from some of the biggest names in the football world. It was the leading portal for footballer websites in the world, housing official personal websites of around 70 players. Football fans had access to diaries about the inside workings of a football club and their lives as professional footballers, as well as other sections focusing on their biographies and lives off the pitch. In the past, several high-profile players had used Icons.com to announce major breaking-news stories. For example, Marc Overmars became the first player in history to announce a big-money transfer via his personal website in 2000 when he left Arsenal for Barcelona in a £25million move. In late 2008, Icons.com became exclusively focused on selling signed memorabilia from the world's best footballers. Icons.com regularly meets past and present players such as Pelé, Diego Maradona, Lionel Messi, Cristiano Ronaldo, Ryan Giggs, Kaká, Cesc Fàbregas, Eric Cantona and Fernando Torres for signing sessions and sells its signed shirts, boots and photos direct to the public through the site and exclusively in-store at Harrods. Icons.com also supplies the prizes for the weekly Sky Sports programme, Revista de la liga. Official Licences Icons.com sells or have previously sold official signed memorabilia under licence for the following organisations, tournaments and footballers: Lionel Messi FIFA World Cup UEFA Champions League UEFA Europa League UEFA Europa Conference League UEFA European Championship FC Barcelona Paris Saint-Germain Liverpool FC Manchester City Chelsea FC AC Milan England men's national team References External links Icons.com home page. Association football websites", "title": "Icons.com" }, { "docid": "48302680", "text": "The 2015 FIFA Ballon d'Or Gala was the sixth year for FIFA's awards for the top football players and coaches of the year. The awards were given out in Zürich, Switzerland on 11 January 2016. Lionel Messi won the award as the World Player of the Year for the fifth time, extending his own record of five wins. Carli Lloyd was named as the Women's World Player of the Year, while Luis Enrique received the World Coach of the Year for Men's Football and Jill Ellis the World Coach of the Year for Women's Football. The ceremony was hosted by Kate Abdo and James Nesbitt. Winners and nominees In late October 2015, FIFA revealed shortlist for the FIFA Ballon d'Or, FIFA Women's World Player of the Year and FIFA World Coaches of the Year. The shortlists for the women's awards were revealed on 19 October and the men's on 20 October. FIFA Ballon d'Or The results for the 2015 FIFA Ballon d'Or were: The following twenty players were also in contention for the award: FIFA Puskás Award The winner of the FIFA Puskás Award was: Wendell Lira ( Goianésia), 1–2 vs Atlético Goianiense, Estádio Serra Dourada, 11 March 2015 The other nominees were: Lionel Messi ( Barcelona), 0–1 vs Athletic Bilbao, Camp Nou, 30 May 2015 Alessandro Florenzi ( Roma), 1–1 vs Barcelona, Stadio Olimpico, 16 September 2015 FIFA/FIFPro World XI FIFA Women's World Player of the Year The results for the 2015 FIFA Women's World Player of the Year were: The following seven players were also named to the shortlist for the award: FIFA World Coach of the Year for Men's Football The following were the final three nominees for the FIFA World Coach of the Year for Men's Football: The following seven managers were also named to the shortlist for the award: FIFA World Coach of the Year for Women's Football The following were the final three nominees for the FIFA World Coach of the Year for Women's Football: The following seven managers were also named to the shortlist for the award: References External links FIFA Ballon FIFA Ballon d'Or FIFA Ballon Women's association football trophies and awards 2015 in women's association football", "title": "2015 FIFA Ballon d'Or" }, { "docid": "39020226", "text": "Housain Ali Al-Mogahwi (, born 24 March 1988) is a Saudi Arabian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Saudi Third Division club Al-Ula. He is a former Saudi Arabia international. Club career He joined Al Fateh in 2010. Impressive performances made him a regular starter in the Saudi club. On 9 September 2023, Al-Mogahwi joined Al-Adalah, 13 years after departing the club. On 6 February 2024, Al-Mogahwi joined Saudi Third Division side Al-Ula. International career He made his debut for Saudi Arabia against Iran in a 0–0 draw. In May 2018 he was named in Saudi Arabia's preliminary squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia. Career statistics Club International Statistics accurate as of match played 17 November 2020. International goals Score and Result list Saudi Arabia's goal tally first Honours Al-Fateh Saudi Pro League: 2012–13 Saudi Super Cup: 2013 Al-Ahli Saudi Pro League: 2015–16 King Cup: 2016 Crown Prince Cup: 2014–15 Saudi Super Cup: 2016 Al-Ula Saudi Third Division: 2023–24 Personal life He is a Shia Muslim from Al-Hasa. Hossain lost his younger brother in 2015 after a short battle with an abdominal illness. he has stated that he is a fan of Barcelona FC and his idol is Lionel Messi. References 1988 births Living people Sportspeople from Al-Hasa Saudi Arabian men's footballers Men's association football midfielders Al-Adalah FC players Al Fateh SC players Al-Ahli Saudi FC players Al-Ula FC players Saudi Second Division players Saudi First Division League players Saudi Pro League players Saudi Third Division players Saudi Arabia men's international footballers 2018 FIFA World Cup players 2019 AFC Asian Cup players Saudi Arabian Shia Muslims", "title": "Housain Al-Mogahwi" } ]	[ { "docid": "37665543", "text": "The 2012 FIFA Ballon d'Or Gala was the third year for FIFA's awards for the top football players and coaches of the year. The awards were given out in Zürich on 7 January 2013, with Lionel Messi winning a record fourth consecutive Ballon d'Or. The gala ceremony was hosted by former Ballon d'Or winner Ruud Gullit and broadcast journalist Kay Murray of Real Madrid TV and Fox Soccer. Winners and nominees FIFA Ballon d'Or A shortlist of 23 male players was compiled by members of FIFA's Football Committee as well as a group of experts from France Football. It was announced on 29 October 2012. There were three voters per FIFA member federation, one journalist and the coaches and captain of the national men's team. Each picked a first (5 points), second (3 points) and third choice (1 point), with their choices made public by FIFA. This was cut to a set of three \"finalists\" – Lionel Messi, Andrés Iniesta and Cristiano Ronaldo – on 29 November 2012. The odds-on favourite Lionel Messi won the award. Messi won all three FIFA Ballons d'Or since its inception in 2010 and also won both predecessor awards (the Ballon d'Or and FIFA World Player of the Year) in 2009. The results for the 2012 FIFA Ballon d'Or were: The following twenty players were also in contention for the award: FIFA Women's World Player of the Year On 25 October 2012, a ten-player shortlist was unveiled for the FIFA's Women's Player of the Year, which was chosen by experts from FIFA's Committee for Women's Football and the FIFA Women's World Cup and a group of experts from France Football. The voting system used was the same as that of the men's award (see above), with coaches and captains of women's national teams and persons from the media making public top-three selections. FIFA World Coach of the Year for Men's Football This award was decided by the same voters and system as that of the men's player award. FIFA World Coach of the Year for Women's Football This award was decided by the same voters and system as that of the women's player award. FIFA/FIFPro World XI This was the first occasion that all eleven FIFPro World XI players were players from the same league (La Liga). FIFA Puskás Award The Puskás Award for best goal was decided by a public online vote. FIFA Presidential Award Franz Beckenbauer FIFA Fair Play Award Uzbekistan Football Federation References External links 2012 in association football FIFA Ballon d'Or 2012 sports awards 2012–13 in Swiss football Women's association football trophies and awards 2012 in women's association football", "title": "2012 FIFA Ballon d'Or" }, { "docid": "3482503", "text": "At the end of each FIFA World Cup final tournament, several awards are presented to the players and teams who have distinguished themselves in various aspects of the game. Awards There are currently five post-tournament awards from the FIFA Technical Study Group: the Golden Ball (currently commercially termed \"adidas Golden Ball\") for best player, first awarded in 1982. the Golden Boot (currently commercially termed \"adidas Golden Boot\", formerly known as the \"adidas Golden Shoe\" from 1982 to 2006) for top goalscorer, first awarded in 1982; the Golden Glove (currently commercially termed \"adidas Golden Glove\", formerly known as the \"Lev Yashin Award\" from 1994 to 2006) for best goalkeeper, first awarded in 1994; the FIFA Young Player Award (formerly known as the \"Best Young Player Award\" from 2006 to 2010) for best player under 21 years of age at the start of the calendar year, first awarded in 2006; the FIFA Fair Play Trophy for the team that advanced to the second round with the best record of fair play, first awarded in 1970. There is currently one award voted on by fans during the tournament: the Player of the Match (currently commercially termed \"Budweiser Player of the Match\", formerly known as the \"Man of the Match\" from 2002 to 2018) for outstanding performance during each match of the tournament, first awarded in 2002. There are currently two awards voted on by fans after the conclusion of the tournament: the Goal of the Tournament, (currently commercially termed \"Hyundai Goal of the Tournament\") for the fans' best goal scored during the tournament, first awarded in 2006; the Most Entertaining Team for the team that has entertained the public the most, during the World Cup final tournament, as determined by a poll of the general public. One other award was given between 1994 and 2006: an All-Star Team comprising the best players of the tournament chosen by the FIFA Technical Study Group. From 2010 onwards, all Dream Teams or Statistical Teams are unofficial, as reported by FIFA itself. Golden Ball The Golden Ball award is presented to the best player at each FIFA World Cup finals, with a shortlist drawn up by the FIFA technical committee (Technical Study Group) and the winner voted for by representatives of the media. Those who finish as runners-up in the vote receive the Silver Ball and Bronze Ball awards as the second and third most outstanding players in the tournament respectively. The current award was introduced in the 1982 FIFA World Cup, sponsored by Adidas and France Football. Oliver Kahn is to date the only goalkeeper to have won the award, which he did in the FIFA World Cup 2002. At the 2022 FIFA World Cup, Lionel Messi became the first player to win a second Golden Ball. Official winners Unofficial winner The following players are recognised as best players by the FIFA website. FIFA recognizes the Golden Ball award prior to 1982 only in 1978; it does not recognize Golden Ball awards from 1930 to 1974.", "title": "FIFA World Cup awards" }, { "docid": "70432056", "text": "Group C of the 2022 FIFA World Cup took place from 22 to 30 November 2022. The group consisted of eventual champions Argentina, Saudi Arabia, Mexico and Poland. The top two teams, Argentina and Poland, advanced to the round of 16. This marked the first time that Mexico did not advance past the first round since 1978. Teams The teams were decided by the World Cup draw that took place on 1 April 2022. The group was set to receive one team from each pot, which sorted all World Cup teams by position on the FIFA World Rankings. Notes Standings In the round of 16: The winners of Group C, Argentina, advanced to play the runners-up of Group D, Australia. The runners-up of Group C, Poland, advanced to play the winners of Group D, France. Matches All times listed are local, AST (UTC+3). Argentina vs Saudi Arabia The teams had faced each other four times prior to the tournament, most recently in 2012, a 0–0 draw in a friendly. Argentina took the lead in the 10th minute with a penalty from Lionel Messi, awarded for a foul on Leandro Paredes, which he rolled into the left corner. Argentina would have three further first-half goals ruled out for marginal offsides, once from Messi and twice from Lautaro Martínez. In the second half, Saudi Arabia would quickly find an equalizer, with Saleh Al-Shehri converting a low shot into the net's right corner in the 48th minute. Saudi Arabia then took the lead five minutes later when Salem Al-Dawsari curled the ball into the right corner of the net from just inside the penalty area. Following nearly fourteen minutes of stoppage time caused by a delay in the match due to Saudi defender Yasser Al-Shahrani colliding with his own goalkeeper Mohammed Al-Owais, Saudi Arabia managed to see out the victory. Saudi Arabia's victory ended Argentina's 36-match unbeaten streak, dating back to 2019. According to Gracenote, the win was the \"most surprising\" in World Cup history, with many calling it one of the biggest World Cup upsets of all time. This was also the first World Cup since 1990 in which Argentina lost their opening match. Following their eventual victory in the final, Argentina became just the second side to win the tournament despite losing their first game; Spain did the same in 2010 after losing their opener against Switzerland. Mexico vs Poland The teams had met eight times previously, including once in the World Cup, a 3–1 first group stage victory for Poland in 1978, and most recently in 2017, a 1–0 win for Mexico in a friendly. The only shot on target of the first half was from Mexico's Jorge Sánchez, which was punched away by goalkeeper Wojciech Szczęsny. In the 54th minute, Poland captain Robert Lewandowski was awarded a penalty after the video assistant referee judged that Héctor Moreno had fouled him inside the penalty area. Guillermo Ochoa saved the penalty taken by Lewandowski, diving to his left, and the game", "title": "2022 FIFA World Cup Group C" }, { "docid": "615834", "text": "Just Louis Fontaine (; 18 August 193328 February 2023) was a French professional footballer who played as a striker. He scored the most goals ever in a single edition of the FIFA World Cup, with thirteen in six matches in the 1958 FIFA World Cup tournament. In March 2004, Pelé named him one of the 125 Greatest Living Footballers at a FIFA Awards Ceremony. Football career Born in Marrakech, French Morocco, to a French father and a Spanish mother, Fontaine moved to Casablanca, where he attended the Lycée Lyautey. Fontaine began his amateur career at USM Casablanca, where he played from 1950 to 1953. Nice recruited him in 1953, and he went on to score 44 goals in three seasons for the club. In 1956, he moved to Stade de Reims, where he teamed up with Raymond Kopa from the 1959–60 season. Fontaine scored 121 goals in six seasons at Stade de Reims. In total, Fontaine scored 165 goals in 200 matches in the Ligue 1, and won the championship twice, one time in 1958, and the other in 1960. He also took part in the team that got to the 1958–59 European Cup final against Real Madrid, being that season's top scorer with ten goals. Wearing the blue shirt of France, Fontaine has an even more impressive record. On his debut on 17 December 1953, Fontaine scored a hat trick as France defeated Luxembourg 8–0. In seven years, he scored 30 goals in 21 matches. However, he will best be remembered for his 1958 FIFA World Cup performance, where he scored 13 goals in just six matches – a feat that included putting four past defending champions West Germany. It is also the highest number of goals ever scored by one player at a single World Cup tournament. This tally secured him the Golden Boot. , he is tied with Lionel Messi as the fourth-top scorer in FIFA World Cup history, with each of the three ahead of him - Gerd Müller (14 goals), Ronaldo (15 goals) and Miroslav Klose (16 goals) - having played in at least two tournaments. Fontaine played his last match in July 1962, being forced to retire early (28 years and 11 months old) because of a recurring leg injury. He briefly managed the France national team in 1967, but was replaced after only two friendly games, which ended in defeats. As coach of Morocco, he led the Atlas Lions to 3rd in the 1980 African Cup of Nations, overseeing the emergence of such players as Badou Zaki, Mohammed Timoumi and Aziz Bouderbala. Morocco reached the final stage of 1982 World Cup qualifying but were beaten by Cameroon. As sporting director of Paris Saint-Germain F.C., he managed to help promote the club to the first division. After retirement Fontaine was named by Pelé as one of the 125 greatest living footballers in March 2004. He was chosen as the best French player of the last 50 years by the French Football Federation in the", "title": "Just Fontaine" }, { "docid": "57828902", "text": "The Best FIFA Football Awards 2018 were held on 24 September 2018 in London, United Kingdom. The selection panels were announced on 4 July 2018. Winners and nominees The Best FIFA Men's Player Ten players were shortlisted on 24 July 2018. The 3 finalists were revealed on 3 September 2018. Luka Modrić won the award with over 29% of the vote. The selection criteria for the men's players of the year was: respective achievements during the period from 3 July 2017 to 15 July 2018. Selection panel Sami Al-Jaber Emmanuel Amuneke Cha Bum-kun Fabio Capello Didier Drogba Kaká Frank Lampard Lothar Matthäus Alessandro Nesta Carlos Alberto Parreira Ronaldo Andy Roxburgh Wynton Rufer The Best FIFA Goalkeeper The three finalists were announced on 3 September 2018. Selection panel Alessandro Altobelli Vítor Baía Gordon Banks Jorge Campos Rinat Dasaev Diego Forlán René Higuita Frédéric Kanouté Peter Schmeichel Mark Schwarzer The Best FIFA Men's Coach Eleven coaches were initially shortlisted on 24 July 2018. The three finalists were revealed on 3 September 2018. Didier Deschamps won the award with over 30% of the votes. Selection panel Sami Al-Jaber Emmanuel Amuneke Cha Bum-kun Fabio Capello Didier Drogba Kaká Frank Lampard Lothar Matthäus Alessandro Nesta Carlos Alberto Parreira Ronaldo Andy Roxburgh Wynton Rufer The Best FIFA Women's Player Ten players were shortlisted on 3 September 2018. The three finalists were announced on 3 September 2018. Marta won the award with nearly 15% of the vote. Selection panel Diego Guacci Mia Hamm Maia Jackman Patrick Jacquemet Nadine Keßler Andrea Rodebaugh Jacqui Shipanga Anna Signeul Sissi Clémentine Touré Sun Wen Belinda Wilson The Best FIFA Women's Coach Ten coaches were shortlisted. The three finalists were announced on 3 September 2018. Reynald Pedros won the award with over 23% of the vote. Selection panel Diego Guacci Mia Hamm Maia Jackman Patrick Jacquemet Nadine Kessler Andrea Rodebaugh Jacqui Shipanga Anna Signeul Sissi Clémentine Touré Sun Wen Belinda Wilson FIFA Fair Play Award FIFA Puskás Award Mohamed Salah won the award with 38% of the vote. Pablo Aimar, Iker Casillas, Miroslav Klose, Alex Scott, Aline Pellegrino, David Trezeguet and Marco van Basten formed the selection panel that named and announced the shortlist of nominees on 3 September 2018. Every registered FIFA.com user was allowed to participate in the final vote, with the questionnaire being presented on the official website of FIFA. FIFA Fan Award The award celebrates the best fan moment of September 2017 to July 2018, regardless of championship, gender or nationality. The three nominees were announced on 3 September 2018. Peru fans won the award with 74% of the vote. Selection panel Cafu Christian Karembeu Bora Milutinović Lucas Radebe Christie Rampone Homare Sawa Lindsay Tarpley-Snow FIFA FIFPro World11 The 55-player men's shortlist was announced on 10 September 2018. The players chosen were David de Gea as goalkeeper, Dani Alves, Raphaël Varane, Sergio Ramos and Marcelo as defenders, Luka Modrić, N'Golo Kanté and Eden Hazard as midfielders, and Kylian Mbappé, Lionel Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo as forwards. Second Team", "title": "The Best FIFA Football Awards 2018" }, { "docid": "5504615", "text": "Władysław Antoni Żmuda (; born 6 June 1954) is a Polish former professional footballer, who played as a defender for Śląsk Wrocław, Widzew Łódź, Hellas Verona, New York Cosmos and US Cremonese. He earned 91 caps for the Poland national team and is a four-time FIFA World Cup participant. Club career Żmuda was born in Lublin. He spent six years learning his trade with his first club Motor Lublin before finally spreading his wings in 1973 and switching to Gwardia Warsaw, one of the Polish capital's clubs. The 19-year-old Żmuda was instrumental in Gwardia's UEFA Cup campaign of 1973–74 where they narrowly lost out to eventual winners Feyenoord. Żmuda pursued his career in Poland with Śląsk Wrocław and later Widzew Łódź before Italian club Hellas Verona secured permission to sign him from Poland in 1982. After two injury-plagued seasons at Verona, Żmuda spent a brief spell with New York Cosmos before returning to Italy with US Cremonese, playing two of his three seasons with the club in Serie B. Żmuda ended his playing career in 1988. International career Żmuda played for the Poland national team, for which he earned 91 caps and scored 2 goals. He was a participant at four FIFA World Cups, the first in 1974, where Poland reached third place. He was named as the best young player of the tournament. He played a total of 21 matches at the World Cup finals, the third-most ever, tied with Uwe Seeler and Diego Maradona and behind only Lothar Matthäus, Paolo Maldini, Miroslav Klose and Lionel Messi. His four tournaments, in 1974, 1978, 1982 and 1986, place him fourth in the all-time rankings behind Messi, Cristiano Ronaldo, Antonio Carbajal and Matthäus and level with legends of the game, such as Pelé, Maradona and Gianni Rivera. He was also a participant at the 1976 Summer Olympics, where Poland won the silver medal. International Honours Club Śląsk Wrocław Ekstraklasa: 1976-77 Polish Cup: 1975–76 Widzew Łódź Ekstraklasa: 1980–81, 1981–82 International Poland Olympic silver medal: 1976 FIFA World Cup bronze medal: 1974, 1982 Individual FIFA World Cup Best Young Player Award: 1974 Notes References External links NASL stats Profile at Lega Calcio 1954 births Living people Footballers from Lublin Polish men's footballers Olympic footballers for Poland Olympic silver medalists for Poland Poland men's international footballers Men's association football defenders Footballers at the 1976 Summer Olympics Śląsk Wrocław players Widzew Łódź players Motor Lublin players North American Soccer League (1968–1984) players New York Cosmos (1970–1985) players Hellas Verona FC players US Cremonese players Serie A players Serie B players Expatriate men's footballers in Italy 1974 FIFA World Cup players 1978 FIFA World Cup players 1982 FIFA World Cup players 1986 FIFA World Cup players Polish expatriate men's footballers Polish expatriate football managers Ekstraklasa players Olympic medalists in football Expatriate football managers in Tunisia Gwardia Warsaw players Expatriate men's soccer players in the United States Polish expatriate sportspeople in the United States Medalists at the 1976 Summer Olympics Polish football managers Espérance Sportive de Tunis", "title": "Władysław Żmuda" }, { "docid": "20732255", "text": "The 2008 FIFA World Player of the Year awards took place on 12 January 2009 at the Zurich Opera House, Zürich, Switzerland, with Cristiano Ronaldo of Manchester United and Portugal taking the men's award, and Marta of Umeå IK and Brazil taking the women's award for the third year in a row. Other awards included the FIFA Development Award, which went to the Palestinian Football Federation for keeping its organisation and national team active; Federation President Jibril Al Rajoub, captain of the men's team Ahmad Kashkash, and women's team captain Honey Thaljiyeh were presented with the award. The Palestinian FA carried out a major refurbishment of the Al-Husseini Stadium, meaning that it met the standards to host an international match, becoming the first stadium in Palestinian territories to achieve this honour. Women's football received the FIFA Presidential Award, with the US team presented with the award (for their achievements), and player Heather O'Reilly collecting it. The FIFA Fair Play Award went to the representatives of the Turkish and Armenian national teams. Prior to a European World Cup qualifying match, the Presidents of the two FAs, Mahmut Özgener (Turkey) and Ruben Hayrapetyan (Armenia) shook hands, which was significant as the countries shared a long history of hostility towards each other. Shortlists of 23 men and 10 women were announced on 29 October 2008, before being reduced to five men and five women by 12 December 2008. The male nominees were Kaká, Lionel Messi, Cristiano Ronaldo, Fernando Torres and Xavi, and the female nominees were Nadine Angerer, Cristiane, Marta, Birgit Prinz and Kelly Smith. Results Men Women References FIFA World Player of the Year FIFA World Player of the Year Women's association football trophies and awards 2008 in women's association football", "title": "2008 FIFA World Player of the Year" }, { "docid": "1168189", "text": "The FIFA U-20 World Cup is the biennial football world championship tournament for FIFA members’ men's national teams with players under the age of 20. The competition has been staged every two years since the inaugural tournament in 1977 when it was hosted by Tunisia under the tournament name of FIFA World Youth Championship until 2005. In 2007 the name was changed to its present form. FIFA bills the men's Under-20 World Cup as \"the tournament of tomorrow's superstars.\" Diego Maradona, Lionel Messi and Paul Pogba are previous winners of the official player of the tournament award, and Erling Haaland was the top scorer at the 2019 edition. The current title holder is Uruguay, which won its first title at the 2023 tournament in Argentina. History In the twenty-three editions of the tournament held, twelve nations have won the title. Argentina U20 is the most successful team with six titles, followed by Brazil U20 with five titles. Portugal U20 and Serbia U20 have both won two titles (with the latter winning once as Yugoslavia U20), while Ghana U20, Germany U20, Spain U20, France U20, England U20, Ukraine U20, Russia U20 (as the USSR U20) and Uruguay U20 have won the title once each. A corresponding event for women's teams, the FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup, began in 2002 with the name \"FIFA U-19 Women's World Championship\" and an age limit of 19. The age limit for the women's competition was changed to 20 beginning with the 2006 FIFA U-20 Women's World Championship, and the competition was renamed as a \"World Cup\" in 2007 in preparation for the 2008 event. The next edition is planned to be held in 2025 in Chile. Qualification 24 national teams appear in the final tournament. 23 countries, including the defending champion, have to qualify in the youth championships of the six confederations. The host country automatically qualifies. Results Teams reaching the top four 1 = includes results representing Yugoslavia 2 = includes results representing USSR 3 = includes results representing West Germany Performances by continental zones (as of 2023) All continental confederations except for the OFC (Oceania) have made an appearance in the final match of the tournament. To date, CONMEBOL (South America) leads with twelve titles, followed by UEFA (Europe) with ten titles and CAF (Africa) with one title. Teams from the AFC (Asia) and CONCACAF (North America, Central America, Caribbean) have made the tournament final four times, but were defeated by strong UEFA sides. No current OFC member has ever made the semifinals; Australia reached the semifinals as an OFC member in 1991 and 1993, finishing fourth on both occasions, before the country joined the AFC in 2006. 1 = as Yugoslavia (1987). 2 = as part of OFC (currently in AFC since 2006). Awards The following awards are now presented: The Golden Ball is awarded to the most valuable player of the tournament; The Golden Boot is awarded to the top goalscorer of the tournament; The Golden Glove is awarded to the", "title": "FIFA U-20 World Cup" }, { "docid": "35311374", "text": "Hernán Ismael Galíndez (born 30 March 1987) is a professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Superliga Argentina club Huracán. Born in Argentina, he represents the Ecuador national team. Born in Argentina, he began his career in Argentina with Rosario Central before settling in Ecuador with Universidad Católica, where he made over 300 appearances in a nine-year spell. In 2022, he joined Universidad de Chile but left the club after six months, citing harassment from the club's fanbase. He returned to Ecuador with Aucas, helping the side win the first title in the club's history in his debut season. He plays for the Ecuador national team and represented them at both the 2021 Copa America and the 2022 FIFA World Cup, playing three times in each tournament. Club career Early career As a child, Galíndez played for local youth club Estrella Juniors as a midfielder. During a local youth tournament at the age of seven, he switched to play as a goalkeeper and faced a neighbouring team featuring Lionel Messi. Galíndez later recounted that Messi scored the first goal he had ever conceded, although his team went on to win and he and his teammates were awarded a bicycle for winning. At the age of 10, he joined the Rosario Central youth team, remaining with the club until he was 21, spending a period on loan with Quilmes during the 2010–11 season. When the club was relegated in 2010, both Galíndez and his family received death threats and he contemplated giving up the game. In 2012, Galíndez was released by Rosario and joined Rangers de Talca, but he only took part in the preseason until he was loaned to Universidad Católica del Ecuador in the Ecuadorian Serie B. Having never left Argentina before, Galíndez was offered a room by teammate Facundo Martínez on arrival. He helped the club win promotion to the Ecuadorian Serie A in his first season. On 6 March 2016, he saved two penalties in a game against L.D.U. Quito, securing a 1–1 draw for his side. Universidad de Chile Galíndez signed for Chilean side Universidad de Chile in January 2022 on a two-year deal with the club having the option of a third. He made his debut for the side in a 4–2 victory over Unión La Calera on 6 February 2022. He made 14 appearances for the side before personal issues led him to request a transfer. After FIFA rejected Chile's appeal against Ecuador's qualification for the 2022 FIFA World Cup over the fielding of an ineligible player, Galíndez claimed he was targeted by angry Chilean fans on social media as an Ecuadorian international. This was the second complaint of harassment by fans made by Galíndez following his transfer after his wife received abusive messages online. Aucas Universidad received approaches from L.D.U. Quito, but Galíndez instead chose to join rival Ecuadorian side Aucas with the agreed fee being reported around $250,000. He made his debut for the club in a 2–0 victory over Orense", "title": "Hernán Galíndez" }, { "docid": "72472819", "text": "The Battle of Lusail (, , ) is the nickname of a football match played in the quarter-finals of the 2022 FIFA World Cup between the Netherlands and Argentina at the Lusail Stadium in Lusail, Qatar on 9 December 2022. Spanish referee Antonio Mateu Lahoz issued a FIFA World Cup record 18 yellow cards and one red card, setting a new record for cautions at any FIFA-administered international tournament. Background The Netherlands and Argentina had previously met nine times, developing a rivalry with one another; the Dutch won four of the nine matches, while the Argentines won one match, with the other four matches ending in a draw, two of which saw Argentina winning on penalties. Five of the prior matches occurred in the World Cup: a 4–0 win for the Dutch at the second group stage in 1974 was replied with a 3–1 win for the Argentines in the 1978 final. The Dutch won 2–1 in the 1998 quarter-finals prior to two goalless draws in the 2006 group stage and at the semi-final stage of the previous major tournament where they both had made an appearance, the 2014 FIFA World Cup held in Brazil, which had finished 0–0 after extra-time, with Argentina prevailing 4–2 after penalties. The previous game had been similarly intense and close but had not featured the same level of animosity between the players. Lionel Messi for Argentina and Daley Blind for the Netherlands were the only players who took part in that fixture who were also on the pitch in Lusail, in addition to Netherlands manager Louis van Gaal. The Netherlands entered the game having been undefeated in their 19 previous international matches. During pre-match interviews with the media, the Dutch side offered comments that were later revealed to have upset the Argentine side. Van Gaal stated to Dutch publication Nederlandse Omroep Stichting: \"Messi is indeed the most dangerous player who creates the most chances and also makes them himself. But on the other hand he does not play much with the opponent when he has possession of the ball. That is also where our chances lie.\" After the two countries' previous World Cup matchup ended in a penalty shootout, the Dutch manager insisted that the team were practicing for such an outcome, stating \"we hope we will have a minor advantage if we have to take penalties\" Argentine goalkeeper Emiliano Martínez later stated that he screenshotted Van Gaal's comments on his phone and referred to them frequently as motivation. Dutch goalkeeper Andries Noppert told reporters days before the match that he felt confident in beating Messi from the penalty spot. Van Gaal also said that \"we've got a score to settle with Argentina for what happened two World Cups ago.\" Match Summary First half The first half of the game was relatively balanced, with both sides never having a clear-cut chance for the opening half-hour of the game. Both teams had dominant spells, with Argentina coming close to creating a chance several times but", "title": "Battle of Lusail" }, { "docid": "18558780", "text": "Association football is the most popular sport in almost all South American countries. There are a wide range of sports played in the continent of South America. Popular sports include rugby union, baseball, basketball, tennis, golf, volleyball, hockey, beach volleyball, motorsports and cricket. South America held its first Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 2016. Two years prior to this, major cities in Brazil hosted the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Association football South America and Europe share the supremacy over the sport, as all national team winners in FIFA World Cup history and all winning teams at the FIFA Club World Cup have come from these two continents. Brazil holds the world record at the FIFA World Cup with five titles in total. Argentina has three titles and Uruguay have two. So far four South American nations have hosted the tournament including its first edition in Uruguay (1930). The other three were Brazil (1950, 2014), Chile (1962), and Argentina (1978). South America is home to the longest running international football tournament; Copa América, which has been regularly contested since 1916. Uruguay have won the Copa América a record 15 times, beating hosts Argentina in 2011 to reach 15 titles (they were previously equal on 14 titles each during the 2011 Copa América). About the FIFA Confederations Cup, Brazil is the biggest winner of all time with 4 titles. At the Olympic Games, Brazil has 2 titles, Argentina 2, and Uruguay 2. In the FIFA U-20 World Cup, Argentina has 6 titles and Brazil 5. In the FIFA U-17 World Cup, Brazil has 4 titles. The continent has produced many of the most famous and most talented players in history, including Pelé, Garrincha, Ronaldo, Roberto Carlos, Romário, Ronaldinho, Zico, Nílton Santos, Djalma Santos, Taffarel, Falcão, Rivaldo and Neymar (Brazil); Maradona, Messi, Di Stéfano, Batistuta, Passarella, Mario Kempes (Argentina); Luis Suárez, Enzo Francescoli, Cavani, Forlán, Obdulio Varela (Uruguay); Elías Figueroa, Iván Zamorano, Marcelo Salas, Alexis Sánchez (Chile); Carlos Valderrama, Radamel Falcao, James Rodríguez (Colombia); Carlos Gamarra, Romerito, Arsenio Erico (Paraguay); Álex Aguinaga, Alberto Spencer (Ecuador); Teófilo Cubillas, César Cueto, Claudio Pizarro (Peru). At club level, teams like São Paulo, Palmeiras, Santos, Fluminense, Vasco, Botafogo, Internacional, Grêmio, Atlético Mineiro, Cruzeiro and Atlético Paranaense (Brazil); Boca Juniors, River Plate, Independiente, Estudiantes, Vélez Sarsfield, Racing and San Lorenzo (Argentina); Peñarol and Nacional (Uruguay); Atlético Nacional (Colombia); L.D.U. Quito and Independiente del Valle (Ecuador); Olimpia and Cerro Porteño (Paraguay) are among the main football clubs in the world. Football variations: futsal, beach soccer, footvolley Brazil invented some variations of football, such as beach soccer and footvolley. Futsal, having been invented in Uruguay, neighboring Brazil, is also widely practiced in the country, mainly in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, neighboring Uruguay. In futsal, Brazil, Argentina, Colombia and Paraguay are among the greatest world powers. Before the Fifa tournament, since 1982 there is the Futsal World Championship, organized by the former International Federation of Indoor Soccer (Fifusa) and now by the current AMF, where", "title": "Sport in South America" }, { "docid": "74827683", "text": "The Best FIFA Football Awards 2023 were held on 15 January 2024 in London. Winners and nominees The Best FIFA Men's Player Twelve players were initially shortlisted on 14 September 2023. The three finalists were revealed on 14 December 2023. Lionel Messi won the award with 48 scoring points. The selection criteria for the men's players and coaches was: respective achievements during the period from 19 December 2022 to 20 August 2023. The Best FIFA Men's Goalkeeper Five players were initially shortlisted on 14 September 2023. The three finalists were revealed on 12 December 2023. Ederson won the award with 23 scoring points. The Best FIFA Men's Coach Five coaches were initially shortlisted on 14 September 2023. The three finalists were revealed on 13 December 2023. Pep Guardiola won the award with 28 scoring points. The Best FIFA Women's Player Sixteen players were initially shortlisted on 14 September 2023. The three finalists were revealed on 14 December 2023. Aitana Bonmatí won the award with 52 scoring points. The selection criteria for the women's players and coaches was: respective achievements during the period from 1 August 2022 to 20 August 2023. The Best FIFA Women's Goalkeeper Seven players were initially shortlisted on 14 September 2023. The three finalists were revealed on 12 December 2023. Mary Earps won the award with 28 scoring points. The Best FIFA Women's Coach Six coaches were initially shortlisted on 14 September 2023. The three finalists were revealed on 13 December 2023. Sarina Wiegman won the award with 28 scoring points. FIFA Puskás Award The eleven players initially shortlisted for the award were announced on 22 September 2023. The three finalists were revealed on 14 December 2023. Guilherme Madruga won the award with 22 scoring points. FIFA Fan Award The award celebrates the best fan moments or gestures of August 2022 to August 2023, regardless of championship, gender or nationality. The shortlist was compiled by a panel of FIFA experts. Colón de Santa Fe fan Hugo Daniel \"Toto\" Iniguez won the award with 264,591 registered votes. FIFA Fair Play Award The Best FIFA Special Award An additional award was given Marta, to recognize her role and contribution to the sport of football. FIFA also announced the introduction of a new award starting from 2025 to honour her achievements and role in women's football. The best goal scored in women’s football will receive the Marta Award. FIFA FIFPRO Men's World 11 The 23–player men's shortlist was announced on 3 January 2024. The players chosen were Thibaut Courtois as goalkeeper, Kyle Walker, Ruben Dias and John Stones as defenders, Kevin De Bruyne, Bernardo Silva and Jude Bellingham as midfielders, and Lionel Messi, Vinicius Jr, Erling Haaland and Kylian Mbappé as forwards. Other nominees FIFA FIFPRO Women's World 11 The 23–player women's shortlist was announced on 3 January 2024. The players chosen were Mary Earps as goalkeeper, Lucy Bronze, Olga Carmona and Alex Greenwood as defenders, Aitana Bonmatí, Ella Toone and Keira Walsh as midfielders, and Lauren James, Sam Kerr,", "title": "The Best FIFA Football Awards 2023" }, { "docid": "25907390", "text": "\"Oh Africa\" is a song performed by the artist Akon featuring Keri Hilson from the compilation Listen Up! The Official 2010 FIFA World Cup Album. The song is a charity single and was released to raise funds for Akon's charity 'Konfidence' to aid underprivileged children in Africa. The song was released as a digital download on 52nd Grammy Awards night, January 31, 2010, along with the video. The Soweto Gospel Choir and young singers from many countries are also featured on the single. The footballers Thierry Henry, Didier Drogba, Kaká, Fernando Torres, Lionel Messi, Frank Lampard, Michael Ballack and Andrei Arshavin make cameo appearances in the music video. Release The song is the third song performed by these two artists, the first being \"Change Me\" featured on Keri's debut album In a Perfect World..., and the non-album track \"Mic Check\", the latter of which was produced by Timbaland. Pepsi has announced this as one of the official 2010 World Cup Theme Songs. Music video A music video has been filmed and was released on Grammy Awards night on 31 January 2010. Directed by Gil Green, it starts off by showing a colourful room with a map of Africa, which then shows 4 people appearing playing drums with dust shooting up from them. They also appear wearing body paint with the same pattern as the wall. Akon then starts singing as more scenes of the drum players is shown. Keri starts singing as the screen is shown being decorated with moving paint in front of her. Akon shows up again with a young African choir, singing with a sunset background. Other various people are also shown. Then scene skips to the body paint room were different people are shown with their face painted, a different country for each as they sing along. Akon is also shown dancing with Keri in the room with the moving paint between scenes. More Keri shows as she sings as the choir scene comes up variously. A scene also shows Keri with the choir. The Footballers Thierry Henry, Didier Drogba, Kaká, Fernando Torres, Lionel Messi, Frank Lampard, Michael Ballack and Andrei Arshavin then are shown kicking water ballon like footballs hitting the wall as images appear of them, with similar body paint found on the single cover. Images of other scenes are also shown e.g. The African choir and Keri lying on a Zebra pattern like cover. The end shows a wall with the footballers cheering. VFX for \"Oh Africa\" were created by Baked FX. Track listing \"Oh Africa\" \"Oh Africa\" (Instrumental) \"Oh Africa\" (Video) \"Oh Africa\" (Making Of The Commercial) \"Oh Africa\" (Making Of The Song) Charts Release history References 2009 songs 2010 singles Keri Hilson songs Akon songs Charity singles All-star recordings Music videos directed by Gil Green Songs written by Timothy Thomas Songs written by Theron Thomas Songs about Africa Interscope Records singles Universal Music Group singles", "title": "Oh Africa" }, { "docid": "6181760", "text": "Wesley Patrick Hoolahan (born 20 May 1982) is an Irish professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Central Midlands Alliance club Doncaster City. Hoolahan began his playing career with Shelbourne and has previously played for Livingston, Blackpool, West Bromwich Albion, Newcastle Jets, and had a 10-year stay at Norwich City. He was the subject of a contested transfer between Livingston and Blackpool in 2007, eventually requiring mediation by FIFA before he was able to sign for Blackpool. Hoolahan played more than 350 games for Norwich, where he earned nicknames like \"The Irish Messi\" or Wessi. Hoolahan made his Republic of Ireland senior debut in 2008 in a 1–0 win over Colombia. He represented Ireland at UEFA Euro 2016. Hoolahan won 43 caps in total and scored 3 goals. Club career Early career Hoolahan played as a schoolboy for Belvedere. He also played futsal with Belvedere. He started his senior career at Shelbourne where he won three League of Ireland Premier Division championships and excelled during their run in the 2004–05 UEFA Champions League qualifying rounds. He was the PFAI Young Player of the Year in the 2002–03 season. He then had a brief spell at Livingston. Blackpool On 21 July 2006, Hoolahan joined Blackpool on a season-long loan. He scored his first goal for the club on 30 September 2006, a penalty in a 3–0 win over Leyton Orient at Bloomfield Road. On 15 December 2006, he scored a goal and was sent off in a 3–1 win at Scunthorpe United. In June 2007, Hoolahan signed a two-year contract with Blackpool. Livingston, however, refused to sign the documentation sanctioning the move, stating that Blackpool had repeatedly breached the terms of the loan agreement. Blackpool denied any such default and referred the matter to the Football Association. With Livingston being backed by the Scottish Football Association the matter was passed to FIFA for a decision to be made on the player's future. On 10 August 2007, FIFA ruled in Blackpool's favour, thus confirming Hoolahan as a Blackpool player. Norwich City On 26 June 2008, Norwich City confirmed the deal to bring Hoolahan on a three-year player-plus-cash deal. Norwich reserve team keeper Matt Gilks moved in the opposite direction along with an undisclosed amount of money. Hoolahan was handed squad number 14, which he retained in his time at Norwich. His first goal for the club finally came when he opened the scoring in a 4–0 win over Barnsley at Carrow Road on 17 January 2009. An injury sustained on 14 March, whilst playing against Plymouth Argyle, kept him out for the rest of the season as Norwich were ultimately relegated to League One. In 2009–10, under new manager Paul Lambert, Hoolahan was utilised in a role behind the strikers in a midfield diamond formation as opposed to on the wing. This saw a higher personal goal return for Hoolahan as he scored 13 times (including four penalties) in all competitions before the new year. In the 2010–11 season, Hoolahan", "title": "Wes Hoolahan" }, { "docid": "2596728", "text": "The practice of sports in Argentina is varied due to the population's diverse European origins and the mostly mild climate. Association football is the most popular discipline and other sports played both professionally and recreatively athletics, auto racing, basketball, boxing, cycling, field hockey, fishing, golf, handball, mountaineering, mountain biking, padel tennis, polo, roller hockey, rowing, rugby union, sailing, skiing, swimming, tennis, and volleyball. Argentine achievements can be found in team sports such as association football, basketball, field hockey and rugby union, and individual sports such as boxing, golf, tennis and rowing. Pato, the national sport, is not very popular. Argentina is one of the most important sport powers in the region, ending at the top of the medal count at the South American Games since 1978, with exceptions in 2002 and 2010. In the all-time medal table of the Pan American Games, Argentina holds first place among South American countries and fourth place in the Americas, behind the United States, Canada and Cuba. Despite a relative lack of success at the Olympic level in more traditional sports like athletics, swimming, and gymnastics, Argentina has had successful participations in other sports like association football, basketball, field hockey, roller hockey, padel tennis, polo and rugby union. Football Football is the most popular sport in Argentina and part of the country's culture. The sport is played by children during breaks at school and by grown-ups on the plenty of both indoor and outdoor fields located throughout the country. The national team has won the FIFA World Cup three times (in 1978, 1986 and 2022), successive Olympic gold medals (in 2004 and 2008), fifteen Copa América, one Confederations Cup and six World Youth Championships. Argentine clubs have won the Copa Libertadores, the top continental competition, a record 25 times and the Intercontinental Cup or FIFA Club World Cup 9 times, a record shared with Brazilian clubs. The Argentine Primera División is the top level domestic competition. The country's most famed football idol is Diego Maradona. The most famous football player from the country playing currently is Lionel Messi. Argentina's fiercest rival is Brazil and their rivalry is sometimes known as the \"Battle of the South Americans\". They have played each other numerous times in the Copa América and the Confederations Cup, and their clubs have met several times in the Copa Libertadores finals. Argentina is one of the few national teams in association football that have beaten Brazil on a regular basis. Argentine and Brazilian national youth teams have also met at various tournaments. At the 2008 Summer Olympics, the under-23 teams met in the semi-finals, with Argentina winning 3–0 in a hard-fought game. In addition, the aforementioned Maradona has been often compared with Brazilian iconic player Pelé. Women's football is far behind in terms of popularity and professionalism. However, the women's national team has competed in the South American Championship since 1995, finishing as runner-up three times before winning the competition in 2006 with a 5–0 victory over Brazil. The national team also", "title": "Sport in Argentina" }, { "docid": "49296361", "text": "Lionel Messi is an Argentine footballer who has represented the Argentina national team from his debut in 2005. Since then, Messi has scored 106 goals in 180 international appearances, making him the country's all-time top scorer; he surpassed Gabriel Batistuta's record of 54 goals with a free kick against the United States in the semi-final of the Copa América Centenario on 21 June 2016. He also holds the record for most goals by a South American male, surpassing Brazilian Pelé's 77 goals with a hat-trick against Bolivia in September 2021. Messi made his debut for Argentina in a 2–1 away win over Hungary on 17 August 2005, and scored his first international goal the following year in his sixth appearance, against Croatia. Messi's goal against Serbia and Montenegro, on 16 June 2006, at the age of 18 years and 358 days, made him the youngest-ever scorer for Argentina at a FIFA World Cup. He has scored nine international hat-tricks, and has netted twice in a match on twelve occasions. In a June 2022 friendly against Estonia, Messi scored five goals in a match for Argentina for the first time. Out of all his opponents, Messi has scored the most against Bolivia, recording eight goals in total. Messi has scored 31 goals in FIFA World Cup qualifiers, making him the highest scorer of the qualification in CONMEBOL. He has scored thirteen goals in the Copa América, leading his team to victory in the 2021 edition of the tournament, also finishing as runner-up in 2007, 2015 and 2016. At the 2015 tournament, Messi allegedly rejected the Best Player award, and the trophy was omitted from the ceremony. Nonetheless, he received the Best Player award and accepted it for his performances in the 2021 tournament. Messi has scored thirteen times in FIFA World Cup tournaments, a record for Argentina; he scored one goal in 2006, four in 2014, when he guided his team to the final, being awarded the Golden Ball for best player, one in 2018 and another seven in 2022, when he captained Argentina to their third world title, scoring twice in the final and winning the Golden Ball for a record second time. The remainder of Messi's goals, 49, have come in friendlies. Goals Scores and results list Argentina's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Messi goal. Hat-tricks Statistics See also List of career achievements by Lionel Messi List of men's footballers with 50 or more international goals List of men's footballers with 100 or more international caps List of men's footballers with 500 or more goals List of footballers with the most goals in a single game List of top international men's football goal scorers by country Lists of hat-tricks List of international goals scored by Gabriel Batistuta List of international goals scored by Diego Maradona List of international goals scored by Alfredo Di Stéfano References External links International goals Messi, Lionel Messi, Lionel", "title": "List of international goals scored by Lionel Messi" }, { "docid": "19452251", "text": "Annalie Antonia Longo (born 1 July 1991) is an association football player who plays for Wellington Phoenix in the A-League Women and represents New Zealand at international level. She has played for Sydney FC and Melbourne Victory in the Australian W-League. From her time in the W-League with Melbourne Victory, Longo is dubbed the Kiwi Messi by the fans for her ability on the ball and goalscoring prowess. Early life Longo got into football when she used to go with her dad, Paul, to watch her brothers, Jason and Julian, play for Eden Football Club. She joined the club which merged with Mt Roskill to become Three Kings United. Club career Three Kings United Longo played for Three Kings United from when she first started playing football through all childhood and also while playing for Epsom Girls and training with the Wynton Rufer Soccer School of Excellence. She made her debut for Three Kings United senior women's football team in the Northern Premier Women's League in 2004. Epsom Girls' Grammar School Longo played football at Epsom Girls' Grammar School for their first XI, winning the NZ Secondary Schoolgirls tournament in 2008 with future international teammates Anna Green and Hannah Wall. This was after the team won the Auckland provincial championships unbeaten. Wynton Rufer Soccer School of Excellence Longo was part of Wynton Rufer Soccer School of Excellence (WYNRS) from 1999 to 2006. Melbourne Victory On 25 October 2019, Longo signed a one-year deal with Melbourne Victory to return to the Australian W-League. She made her first appearance for Victory in their 3–2 win over the Brisbane Roar, playing 74 minutes before getting subbed off in the second half. In September 2021, it was announced that Longo wouldn't return to Melbourne Victory for the 2021–22 W-League season. Wellington Phoenix In September 2023, Longo returned to the game, signing with New Zealand A-League Women club Wellington Phoenix. International career U-17 She scored New Zealand's first goal at the 2008 inaugural FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup although they were effectively eliminated from contention in the 1–2 loss to Denmark, having previously lost 0–1 to Canada in the opening game. U-20 Longo also represented New Zealand at the 2006 Women's U-20 World Cup finals where she played in all three games. Longo was again included in the U-20 squad for the 2008 Women's U-20 World Cup finals to be played in Chile, featuring in two of their three group games. In 2010, she represented New Zealand at a third Under-20 World Cup, this time in Germany, appearing in all three group games. National team Longo at age 15, made her Football Ferns debut in a 0–3 loss to China PR on 14 November 2006, becoming New Zealand's youngest senior football international. She then went on to represent New Zealand at the 2007 FIFA Women's World Cup finals in China, where they lost to Brazil 0–5, Denmark (0–2) and China PR (0–2). Longo is the second youngest player to represent any country at a senior", "title": "Annalie Longo" }, { "docid": "4276758", "text": "The 2005 FIFA World Youth Championship was the 15th edition of the FIFA World Youth Championship. It took place in the Netherlands between 10 June and 2 July 2005. Venues Qualification The following 24 teams qualified for the 2005 FIFA World Youth Championship. Host country the Netherlands did not have to qualify for the tournament. 1.Teams that made their debut. Sponsorship FIFA partners Adidas Coca-Cola Toshiba Fujifilm MasterCard McDonald's T-Mobile Yahoo Hyundai Philips Avaya National supporters Hubo Unive FIFA.com FIFA Fair Play Match officials Squads For a list of all squads that played in the final tournament, see 2005 FIFA World Youth Championship squads. Group stages The 24 teams were split into six groups of four teams. Six group winners, six second-place finishers and the four best third-place finishers qualify for the knockout round. Group A Group B Group C Group D Group E Group F Ranking of third-placed teams Knockout stages Bracket Round of 16 Quarter-finals Semi-finals Third place play-off Final Winners Goalscorers 6 goals Lionel Messi 5 goals Fernando Llorente Oleksandr Aliev 4 goals Graziano Pellè David Silva 3 goals Pablo Zabaleta Chen Tao Mouhcine Iajour Chinedu Ogbuke 2 goals Rafinha Renato José Pedro Fuenzalida Ricardo Parada Radamel Falcao Fredy Guarín Nicky Adler Marvin Matip Daniele Galloppa Tarik Bendamou Ryan Babel Hedwiges Maduro Taye Taiwo Juanfran Miquel Robusté Gokhan Gulec Sezer Öztürk 1 goal Julio Barroso Neri Cardozo Gustavo Oberman Ryan Townsend Nick Ward Abou Maiga Razak Omotoyossi Diego Tardelli Edcarlos Gladstone Fábio Santos Rafael Sobis Marcel de Jong Jaime Peters Matías Fernández Gonzalo Jara Pedro Morales Cui Peng Hao Junmin Gao Lin Lu Lin Tan Wangsong Zhao Xuri Zhou Haibin Zhu Ting Harrison Otálvaro Wason Rentería Hugo Rodallega Christian Gentner Alexander Huber Michele Canini Andrea Coda Raffaele De Martino Sota Hirayama Shunsuke Maeda Koki Mizuno Abdessalam Benjelloun Adil Chihi Reda Doulyazal Nabil El Zhar Quincy Owusu-Abeyie Ibrahim Afellay Urby Emanuelson Collins John Rick Kruys Ron Vlaar David Abwo Olubayo Adefemi Isaac Promise Mikel John Obi John Owoeri Jose Venegas Baek Ji-hoon Park Chu-young Shin Young-rok Jonathan Soriano Francisco Molinero Víctor Alberto Zapater Goran Antić Johan Vonlanthen Majed Al Haj Mohamad Al Hamawi Abdelrazaq Al Hussain Maxym Feschuk Dmytro Vorobei Chad Barrett Hunter Freeman Jacob Peterson Awards Final ranking External links FIFA World Youth Championship Netherlands 2005 , FIFA.com RSSSF > FIFA World Youth Championship > 2005 FIFA Technical Report Fifa World Youth Championship, 2005 FIFA FIFA World Youth Championship International association football competitions hosted by the Netherlands 2004–05 in Dutch football FIFA World Youth Championship FIFA World Youth Championship", "title": "2005 FIFA World Youth Championship" }, { "docid": "57959486", "text": "El País King of European Soccer (alternative: El País European Player of the Year) was an annual football award given by Uruguayan newspaper El País to the best footballer in Europe. It had been decided by several European sports experts, critics and journalists based on votes. Any player from a European team was eligible, regardless their country of origin. It was first awarded in 1991 with French Jean-Pierre Papin having been the inaugural winner. The last winner was Argentine Lionel Messi in 2012. Messi and Zinedine Zidane are the record winners of the award with four wins each. Winners Source: Most wins by player Consecutive wins Lionel Messi is the only player in history to win the award in 4 consecutive years (2009, 2010, 2011, 2012). Zinedine Zidane and Ronaldinho won the award in 3 successive years (2001, 2002, 2003 and 2004, 2005, 2006, respectively). Brazilian Ronaldo won the award twice in a row (1996, 1997). European Coach of the Year See also Onze Mondial European Footballer of the Year World Soccer Player of the Year The Guardian 100 Best Male Footballers in the World FourFourTwo Player of the Year Award FIFA World Player of the Year ESM Team of the Season References External links Original edition site: https://www.elpais.com.uy/ English edition site: https://elpais.com/elpais/inenglish.html Association football trophies and awards", "title": "El País King of European Soccer" }, { "docid": "59892367", "text": "The Best FIFA Football Awards 2019 were held on 23 September 2019 at the Teatro alla Scala in Milan, Italy. The ceremony was attended by some of the most well known former players and managers such as Marco Van Basten, Marcel Desailly, Gianlucca Zambrotta, Fabio Capello, Christian Karembeu, Nadine Keßler, Carles Puyol, and others. Two awards were given out for the first time ever. Winners and nominees The Best FIFA Men's Player Ten players were shortlisted on 31 July 2019. The three finalists were revealed on 2 September 2019. Lionel Messi won the award with 46 rank points. The selection criteria for the men's players of the year was: respective achievements during the period from 16 July 2018 to 19 July 2019. The Best FIFA Men's Goalkeeper The three finalists were announced on 2 September 2019. Alisson won the award. The Best FIFA Men's Coach Ten coaches were initially shortlisted on 31 July 2019. The three finalists were announced on 2 September 2019. Jürgen Klopp won the award with 48 rank points. The Best FIFA Women's Player Twelve players were shortlisted on 31 July 2019. The three finalists were revealed on 2 September 2019. Megan Rapinoe won the award with 46 rank points. The selection criteria for the women's players of the year was: respective achievements during the period from 25 May 2018 to 7 July 2019. The Best FIFA Women's Goalkeeper The three finalists were announced on 2 September 2019. Sari van Veenendaal won the award. The Best FIFA Women's Coach Ten coaches were initially shortlisted on 31 July 2019. The three finalists were announced on 2 September 2019. Jill Ellis won the award with 48 rank points. FIFA Fair Play Award FIFA Puskás Award Dániel Zsóri won the award. The ten players shortlisted for the awards were announced on 19 August 2019. The three finalists were announced on 2 September 2019. All goals up for consideration were scored from 16 July 2018 to 19 July 2019. Every registered FIFA.com user was allowed to participate in the final vote until 1 September 2019, with the questionnaire being presented on the official website of FIFA. The top three goals from the vote were then voted on by a panel of ten \"FIFA experts\", who chose the winner. FIFA Fan Award The award celebrates the best fan moments or gestures of September 2018 to September 2019, regardless of championship, gender or nationality. The shortlist was compiled by a panel of FIFA experts, and every registered FIFA.com user was allowed to participate in the final vote until 23 September 2019. The three nominees were announced on 2 September 2019. Silvia Grecco won the award with 58% of the vote. FIFA FIFPro Men's World11 The 55–player men's shortlist was announced on 5 September 2019. The players chosen were Alisson as goalkeeper, Matthijs de Ligt, Marcelo, Sergio Ramos and Virgil van Dijk as defenders, Frenkie de Jong, Eden Hazard and Luka Modrić as midfielders, and Cristiano Ronaldo, Kylian Mbappé and Lionel Messi as forwards.", "title": "The Best FIFA Football Awards 2019" }, { "docid": "2113653", "text": "Bastian Schweinsteiger (; born 1 August 1984) is a German former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. Earlier in his career, he primarily played as a wide midfielder; he later switched to a central midfield role. Former Germany national team manager Joachim Löw has referred to Schweinsteiger as one of the greatest players the country has ever produced. He spent 17 seasons at Bayern Munich, playing in exactly 500 matches across all competitions and scoring 68 goals. His honours at the club include eight Bundesliga titles, seven DFB-Pokal titles, a UEFA Champions League title, a FIFA Club World Cup title and a UEFA Super Cup title. He joined Manchester United in 2015, playing sparingly for 18 months before moving to Chicago Fire. He announced his retirement from playing in October 2019. Schweinsteiger played for the German national team from 2004 to 2016. He is Germany's fourth-most-capped player of all time, having earned 121 caps and scored 24 goals. He was selected in their squads for four European Championships and three World Cups, including their victory at the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Also, in 2014 FIFA World Cup, he was widely regarded as one of the most important contributors in Germany's victorious campaign, playing an especially important role in defending Lionel Messi in the Final. Following Philipp Lahm's international retirement on 2 September 2014, Schweinsteiger was named captain of the national team. He played his last match for Germany against Finland on 31 August 2016, after which he retired from international football. Since his retirement as a player in 2019, Schweinsteiger has worked as an on-air football analyst for German television broadcaster ARD and its weekend programme Sportschau. Club career Bayern Munich Schweinsteiger signed with FC Bayern Munich as a youth team player on 1 July 1998 and rose through the club's youth sides. A talented youth ski racer, he had to decide between pursuing a professional career in skiing or one in football. Having won the German youth championship in July 2002, Schweinsteiger quickly earned a place in the reserves, producing a string of solid third-division displays. He initially earned a reputation for being a rebel off the pitch, making headlines for the wrong reasons but has since settled down. During his first appearances in the titular eleven, he played left-back. After just two training sessions with the first team, coach Ottmar Hitzfeld gave Schweinsteiger his debut, at the age of 18, as a late substitute in a UEFA Champions League game against RC Lens in November 2002, and the youngster made an immediate impact, creating a goal for Markus Feulner within minutes. He signed a professional contract the following month and went on to appear in 14 Bundesliga games in 2002–03, helping Bayern to a league and cup double. The next season, he played 26 Bundesliga games. He scored his first Bayern goal against VfL Wolfsburg in September 2003. Surprisingly sent back to Bayern's reserve team by new coach Felix Magath at the beginning of the 2005–06 season", "title": "Bastian Schweinsteiger" }, { "docid": "13744137", "text": "Pro Evolution Soccer 2009 (PES 2009, known as World Soccer: Winning Eleven 2009 in Korea and Japan) is a football video game in the Pro Evolution Soccer series, which was made by Konami. It is also the exclusive licensed game of the UEFA Champions League. The Wii version is known as Winning Eleven Play Maker 2009 in Japan. PES 2009 was succeeded by Pro Evolution Soccer 2010. Gameplay Gameplay has been changed from previous versions for Pro Evolution Soccer 2009, with key additions to the Teamvision system, tactics changing according to situation, off-the-ball fluency, and AI recognizing strategies that works accumulating data on an ongoing basis within Master League and League modes. Another new addition is the readjustments for ball movements, with new air resistance calculations for the trajectory of the ball. There are also new friction routines to affect ball movement in terms of ground conditions, backspin routines are calculated so that ball slows accordingly, and the bounce of the ball can be used more effectively: players can flick the ball up to tee a shot, or to lift it over a defender's trailing leg. If a player has the ability, they will be able to perform skilful turns. PES 2009 also features a new game mode called 'Become A Legend', much like 'Be a Pro' from the EA Sports FIFA Series. This mode was originally only in the Japanese versions by the name of Fantasista, it was released as a special edition for J-League Winning Eleven 2007 Club Championship. Licences For the first time Konami was able to acquire the rights for the UEFA Champions League. Manchester United and Liverpool are the only fully licensed clubs from the Premier League, which is integrated but unlicensed just as in the previous releases. Since the UEFA Champions League license does not include the rights of all participating clubs and a number of licenses were held exclusively by EA Sports too, not all participating clubs are licensed or even in the game. Unlicensed clubs have real player names but use fictional club names, badges, and kits. These can be edited by the user. There is also a separate league with 18 generic teams (Team A, Team B, etc.), which can be edited fully, as in the previous versions. This feature does not appear in the PS2 version of the game and the PSP version only has two teams in this extra league. Cover Lionel Messi and Andrés Guardado appear as the cover athletes of PES 2009. As part of the new agreement, Messi is featured on the cover of all versions of PES 2009, and also appears in promotional materials for the game. Wii version Pro Evolution Soccer 2009 is the second Wii entry of the association football video game Pro Evolution Soccer series by Konami. The Wii version was released in March 2009. Building on the control system of its predecessor, PES 2009 expands on the basic concept of players controlling both the player with the ball and those around", "title": "Pro Evolution Soccer 2009" }, { "docid": "75732188", "text": "Captains of the World is a television documentary series produced in a collaboration between Netflix, Fulwell 73 and FIFA+ to give a behind-the-scenes look at the 2022 FIFA World Cup. It is a follow-up to the 2022 co-produced series Captains, which documented players' efforts as their teams fought to qualify for the highly anticipated sporting event that took place in Qatar. The documentary features behind-the-scenes footage and exclusive interviews with captains, prominent players, coaches and more – including Harry Kane, Gareth Bale, Lionel Messi, Cristiano Ronaldo, Kylian Mbappé and Simon Kjær; and revisits the tragedies and triumphs of the 2022 FIFA World Cup. From Messi's records with Argentina's big win to the biggest upsets of players like Ronaldo, Harry Kane and Thiago Silva, the story covers every angle of the journey. Cast Lionel Messi Kylian Mbappé Harry Kane Neymar Luka Modrić Thiago Silva Cristiano Ronaldo Kalidou Koulibaly Tyler Adams Gareth Bale Simon Kjær Romain Saïss Gary Lineker Lionel Scaloni Didier Deschamps Louis van Gaal Episodes Reception Critical response For the first season, the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 70% approval rating with an average rating of 7/10 based on 3 reviews. On IMDb, the docuseries scored a rating of 8.3/10 based on 3,500 audience reviews. In the first week of its release, it ranked as the 4th most watched TV show worldwide with 348M hours watched, and ended the first week in Netflix's Top 10 list in over 60 countries. References External links 2023 British television series debuts 2023 British television series endings 2022 in association football 2022 FIFA World Cup FIFA World Cup-related lists FIFA World Cup official films FIFA World Cup Association football documentary television series Documentary films about association football Documentary television series about sports English-language television shows Netflix original documentary television series", "title": "Captains of the World" }, { "docid": "25259440", "text": "Group B of the 2010 FIFA World Cup began on 12 June and ended on 22 June 2010. The group consisted of Argentina, Nigeria, South Korea and Greece. It was the third time that Argentina and Nigeria had been drawn together in the same World Cup group, after 1994 (when Greece were also in the same group) and 2002. Argentina had also been paired with South Korea in 1986. Argentina won all three of their matches, conceding just one goal, and progressed as group winners. South Korea joined them in the knockout stage by virtue of their victory over Greece in the opening match and a draw with Nigeria in the last. That point was the only one Nigeria won, having also lost to Greece in their second match. Standings Argentina advanced to play Mexico (runners-up of Group A) in the round of 16. South Korea advanced to play Uruguay (winners of Group A) in the round of 16. Matches All times local (UTC+2) South Korea vs Greece In the seventh minute, Ki Sung-yong's free kick near the left corner was inadvertently flicked on by Kostas Katsouranis, before Lee Jung-soo rushed to the back post to open the scoring. The Koreans' lead was doubled through captain Park Ji-sung, who tackled Loukas Vyntra and sprinted all the way to fire a low shot into the corner of the net as they kept their 2–0 win until the final whistle. Argentina vs Nigeria On six minutes, an unmarked Gabriel Heinze dived forward to head home Juan Sebastián Verón's corner kick and put Argentina 1–0 up. Lionel Messi had numerous chances for Argentina following that, but on each occasion, Nigerian goalkeeper Vincent Enyeama was able to keep the margin down to one. Enyeama's saves earned him the man of the match award. Post-match, Argentina coach Diego Maradona said he was confident his side would perform well in the future. Argentina vs South Korea Argentina took the lead when Lionel Messi's free kick from the left was turned into the Korean goal by Korean player Park Chu-young. A free kick was awarded on the left, and Messi's cross was headed in by Gonzalo Higuaín. In first half injury time, Korea cut the deficit when Lee Chung-yong tackled Martín Demichelis to score. Two goals from Argentina in the second half sealed a 4–1 win. Messi's shot was first saved by goalkeeper Jung Sung-ryong; his second shot hit the post before Higuaín shot the ball into an unguarded net. Higuaín completed his hat-trick by heading in a cross from substitute Sergio Agüero. Greece vs Nigeria Nigeria vs South Korea Greece vs Argentina See also Argentina at the FIFA World Cup Greece at the FIFA World Cup Nigeria at the FIFA World Cup South Korea at the FIFA World Cup References Group B Group South Korea at the 2010 FIFA World Cup Greece at the 2010 FIFA World Cup Group", "title": "2010 FIFA World Cup Group B" }, { "docid": "33622888", "text": "\"What Kind of Love\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Rodney Crowell. It was released in June 1992 as the second single from the album Life Is Messy. The song reached number 11 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart and peaked at number 2 on the RPM Country Tracks in Canada. History Crowell and co-writer Will Jennings wrote the lyrics to a recording of a melody that Roy Orbison had made before his death. The song features backing vocals from Don Henley and Linda Ronstadt. Critical reception Deborah Evans Price, of Billboard magazine reviewed the song favorably, calling it the \"first step in a major effort to immerse this rock-influenced country star into the pop and AC realm. She goes on to say that \"twangy instrumentation a la Tom Petty and the late Roy Orbison (with whom this song was penned), combined with an appealing vocal, makes a strong argument for play at these and album rock formats.\" Personnel From Life Is Messy liner notes. Musicians Mickey Curry - drums Don Henley - background vocals Booker T. Jones - Hammond organ Larry Klein - bass guitar, keyboards Linda Ronstadt - background vocals Steuart Smith - guitars Technical Larry Klein - producer Dan Marnien - engineering, mixing Chart performance \"What Kind of Love\" debuted at number 75 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of June 27, 1992. Year-end charts Other versions Mike Walker covered the song on his 2002 album for DreamWorks Records. It was the B-side to the album's first single, \"Honey Do\". References 1992 singles Rodney Crowell songs Songs written by Rodney Crowell Songs written by Roy Orbison Songs with lyrics by Will Jennings Columbia Records singles 1992 songs", "title": "What Kind of Love" }, { "docid": "40878723", "text": "This is a record of Saudi Arabia's results at the FIFA World Cup. The FIFA World Cup, sometimes called the Football World Cup or the Soccer World Cup, but usually referred to simply as the World Cup, is an international association football competition contested by the men's national teams of the members of Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the sport's global governing body. The championship has been awarded every four years since the first tournament in 1930, except in 1942 and 1946, due to World War II. The tournament consists of two parts, the qualification phase and the final phase (officially called the World Cup Finals). The qualification phase, which currently take place over the three years preceding the Finals, is used to determine which teams qualify for the Finals. The current format of the Finals involves 32 teams competing for the title, at venues within the host nation (or nations) over a period of about a month. The World Cup Finals is the most widely viewed sporting event in the world, with an estimated 715.1 million people watching the 2006 tournament final. Saudi Arabia has qualified for a total of seven FIFA World Cup tournaments, having played in 1994, 1998, 2002, 2006, 2018, 2022, and 2034 as hosts. Their best performance was in 1994, where they reached the round of 16. FIFA World Cup record List of matches Record players Top goalscorers Sami Al-Jaber is not only the most successful Saudi striker at the FIFA World Cup to date, he also managed to score in World Cups twelve years apart (1994 and 2006). He shares this record with eight other players, among them Pelé, Diego Maradona, Miroslav Klose, Lionel Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo. Squads See also Asian nations at the FIFA World Cup Saudi Arabia at the AFC Asian Cup References External links Saudi Arabia at FIFA Countries at the FIFA World Cup", "title": "Saudi Arabia at the FIFA World Cup" }, { "docid": "9261978", "text": "Aleksandar \"Tirke\" Tirnanić (; 15 July 1910 – 13 December 1992) was a Serbian football player and manager. Early life and beginnings Born in the central Serbian small town of Krnjevo (Velika Plana municipality), Tirnanić was still in infancy when his working-class family moved to the capital Belgrade. He barely remembered his father, a metal factory worker who died in 1914 as part of the Serbian Army World War I effort. Raised by a single mother, young Tirnanić quickly developed a love for football, which he played endlessly at Bara Venecija pitches on the Sava River's right bank. He got spotted there by coach Radenko Mitrović who brought the talented youngster to SK Jugoslavija youth setup. However, Tirnanić soon moved to arch crosstown rival BSK youth squad where he quickly developed into a notable right-winger. Realizing his potential, he completely immersed himself in football and abandoned school. Career He made his first-team senior debut as a 17-year-old, quickly marking himself out as an able and temperamental player, and forming a midfield partnership with Moša Marjanović. Tirnanić spent most of his senior club career with BSK Beograd for which he appeared in 500 matches. During his career with BSK Tirnanić had great rivals Leo Lemešić (1924–1940) and Ljubo Benčić (1921–1935) who played for Hajduk Split. Additionally, he earned 50 caps and scored 12 goals for the Kingdom of Yugoslavia national team from 1929 to 1940. In 1937 he moved again to SK Jugoslavija where he played until 1938 when he joined BASK. For BASK he played from 1938 to 1939. He later played for two Belgrade based clubs Jedinstvo (1939–1941) and Sloga (1942–1943). International career He also appeared in the 1930 FIFA World Cup. The day before he turned 20 he scored a goal, which made him at the time the youngest goalscorer in the World Cup. Later he has been beaten by Manuel Rosas in 1930, Pelé in 1958, Michael Owen in 1998, Dmitri Sychev in 2002 and latest Lionel Messi in 2006, which makes him the sixth youngest goalscorer in the FIFA World Cup. Later, he coached the Yugoslav team in two more World Cups, 1954 and 1958, the football tournaments at the Summer Olympics, 1948, 1952 and 1960 when Yugoslavia won gold medal, also appearing in the 1960 European Nations' Cup when Yugoslavia scored second place. During the Balkan Cup, held in 1935 in Athens, Greece, Tirnanić and Tomašević were the top goalscorers of the tournament with 3 goals each. Thanks to these contributions Yugoslavia won the Balkan Cup in that edition, leaving behind Greece, Romania, and Bulgaria. In the films Montevideo, God Bless You! (2010) and See You in Montevideo (2014), Tirnanić was portrayed by actor Miloš Biković. International goals Yugoslavia's goal tally first References External links 1910 births 1992 deaths People from Velika Plana Serbian men's footballers Serbian football managers Yugoslav football managers OFK Beograd players FK BASK players SK Jedinstvo Beograd players Yugoslav First League players 1930 FIFA World Cup players 1954 FIFA World Cup", "title": "Aleksandar Tirnanić" }, { "docid": "57542551", "text": "Raphaël Éric Messi Bouli (born 23 April 1992), or simply Messi Bouli or Messi B, is a Cameroonian professional footballer who plays as a forward for China League One club Shijiazhuang Gongfu. He made six appearances for the Cameroon national team. Club career Bouli started his career in Cameroon with FAP Yaoundé in 2013. A year later, he signed for Canon Yaoundé where he remained for the 2014 and 2015 Elite One seasons. 2016 saw Bouli join APEJES, with whom he won the 2016 Cameroonian Cup with. In 2017, Bouli scored fourteen goals in twenty-four league fixtures. On 1 March 2018, Bouli joined China League One side Yanbian Funde. He made his debut against Nei Mongol Zhongyou on 1 April, prior to netting in back-to-back matches in May versus Qingdao Huanghai and Zhejiang Greentown respectively. Bouli moved to Iran to play for Foolad of the Persian Gulf Pro League in 2019. Bouli departed Foolad in June 2019, after scoring one goal (against Esteghlal Khuzestan) in twelve games for the Iranian club. In the months following his departure, Bouli threatened to complain to FIFA, along with then-manager Afshin Ghotbi and former teammate Takafumi Akahoshi, regarding unpaid wages. On 24 August, Bouli completed a move to India with Super League team Kerala Blasters. He scored eight goals for them, which included a brace over Jamshedpur on 13 December. September 2020 saw Bouli return to Chinese football as he agreed terms with League One team Heilongjiang Lava Spring. In April 2021, Bouli joined Nanjing City on loan, he completed a permanent transfer to the club in April 2022. As of the 2023 season, he scored 42 goals and provided 4 assists in 93 appearances for the club. On 29 February 2024, Bouli joined fellow China League One club Shijiazhuang Gongfu. International career Bouli made his international debut on 10 August 2013, playing in a 2014 African Nations Championship qualifier with Gabon. Years later, he scored his first goal in 2018 African Nations Championship qualifying in a game with São Tomé and Príncipe. In November 2017, Bouli was selected by the national team for a 2018 FIFA World Cup qualifier against Zambia. However, he failed to feature after remaining on the bench for a 2–2 draw. Months later, Bouli was called up to the squad for the 2018 African Nations Championship in Morocco. He featured in matches against Congo, Angola and Burkina Faso as Cameroon were eliminated at the group stages. Career statistics Club . International . International goals As of 14 July 2019. Cameroon score listed first. Honours APEJES Cameroonian Cup: 2016 References External links 1992 births Living people Footballers from Yaoundé Cameroonian men's footballers Cameroon men's international footballers Men's association football forwards Cameroonian expatriate men's footballers Expatriate men's footballers in China Expatriate men's footballers in Iran Expatriate men's footballers in India Cameroonian expatriate sportspeople in China Cameroonian expatriate sportspeople in Iran Cameroonian expatriate sportspeople in India Elite One players China League One players Persian Gulf Pro League players Canon Yaoundé players APEJES", "title": "Messi Bouli" }, { "docid": "70847807", "text": "Simone Pafundi (born 14 March 2006) is an Italian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Swiss Super League club Lausanne-Sport, on loan from club Udinese. Club career Born in Monfalcone, the city his parents had moved to from Naples, Pafundi started his footballing career with his hometown club UFM Monfalcone, until he got noticed by Udinese scouts during a youth tournament in 2014, and was signed by the Serie A side soon thereafter. Throughout the 2021–22 season, Pafundi emerged as a star player and a regular for the club's under-19 team, having scored six goals and provided seven assists in 16 games in the Campionato Primavera 2 at just sixteen years of age: around this period of time, he signed his first professional contract with Udinese and received his first call-ups to the club's first team. On 22 May 2022, at 16 years old, Pafundi made his professional debut for Udinese, coming on as a substitute for Roberto Pereyra at the 68th minute of the team's final league game of the season, a 4–0 away win over Salernitana. In the same occasion, he became the first player born in 2006 to take part in a Serie A match. In October 2023, Pafundi was included in The Guardian's list of the 60 best talents in the world born in 2006. On 25 January 2024, Pafundi joined Swiss club Lausanne-Sport on loan until the end of the year, with the deal including an option-to-buy reported to be in the region of €15 million. On 10 March 2024, Simone Pafundi scores his first professional goal in the Swiss Super League during his 7th match played. International career Youth Pafundi represented Italy at several youth international levels, having played for the under-16 and under-17 national teams. In May 2023, he was included in the Italian squad that took part in the FIFA U-20 World Cup in Argentina, where the Azzurrini finished runners-up after losing to Uruguay in the final match. Senior In May 2022, Pafundi was called-up by head coach Roberto Mancini to join a training camp with the Italy senior national team, as part of a stage reserved to the most promising players in the country. In November of the same year, he received his first official call-up to the senior national team for two friendlies against Albania and Austria. He eventually made his debut with the Azzurri on 16 November 2022, at 16 years old, playing the final minutes against Albania, thus becoming the third-youngest debutant in the history of the Italy national team, and the youngest debutant in the last 100 years. Style of play A short, left-footed trequartista, Pafundi has been regarded mainly for his ball control, vision and pace, which allow him to be a frequent threat in the final third, both as an assist-man and as a finisher. He has been compared to former Udinese captain and striker Antonio Di Natale. Some even believe he has the potential to be the heir of Lionel Messi, given", "title": "Simone Pafundi" }, { "docid": "8659730", "text": "Pablo Vitti (born 9 July 1985) is an Argentine footballer who plays as striker. Vitti played for different clubs both in his country and abroad, including Ukraine, Canada, Mexico and Ecuador. He is known for his dribbling and finishing ability. Career Professional Vitti started his career at hometown club Rosario Central. He made his breakthrough into the canallas first team in 2004, where he was a consistent goal scorer and was rewarded with the number 10 shirt. Vitti was considered one of the most promising youngsters in the Argentine First Division, but his progression has been halted slightly in recent seasons. He left his hometown club in 2006 to go to Banfield, but he only made fifteen appearances for Banfield without scoring a single goal. After moving to Independiente he was quickly loaned to Ukrainian Premier League club Chornomorets Odesa. His stay in Odesa was brief, and on 9 February 2009, it was announced that Toronto FC of Major League Soccer had signed Vitti on a loan. Pablo Vitti scored his first goal for Toronto FC on 24 June 2009 vs. New York Red Bulls. Vitti wore the captain's armband for Toronto FC in an international friendly vs. his fellow countrymen from River Plate at BMO Field on 22 July 2009. He scored 2 goals in 26 MLS games for Toronto in 2009, and returned to Independiente at the end of the season. After being released by Toronto FC Vitti signed with Peruvian top flight club Universidad San Martín in mid-January. He scored his first goal for the club in a 4–1 over Inti Gas Deportes 6 March 2010. San Martin won the 2010 Torneo Descentralizado with Vitti playing an integral role all season scoring 15 goals in all competitions. Most considered Vitti to be the best player in the Peruvian League during the 2010 season, earning him a three-year contract with the most successful team in Peru Universitario de Deportes. In December 2015 it was announced that Vitti would become the joining Ratchaburi in the Thai Premier League. On 9 August 2016, Vitti signed a one-year contract with Superleague Greece side Veria. International Vitti was an integral part of the Argentina Under-20 squad that won the 2005 FIFA World Youth Championship in the Netherlands. Vitti's time with the Argentina youth programs he was considered to be one of Argentina's top prospects on the same level as Lionel Messi and Sergio Agüero his teammates on the winning U-20 team. Honours Club Toronto FC Canadian Championship (1): 2009 Universidad San Martín Peruvian Primera División (1): 2010 International Argentina FIFA U-20 World Cup (1): 2005 References External links MLS player profile Argentine Primera statistics 1985 births Living people Argentine men's footballers Argentina men's under-20 international footballers Argentine expatriate men's footballers Argentine sportspeople of Italian descent Rosario Central footballers Club Atlético Banfield footballers Club Atlético Independiente footballers FC Chornomorets Odesa players Toronto FC players Club Deportivo Universidad de San Martín de Porres players Club Universitario de Deportes footballers Querétaro F.C. footballers L.D.U. Quito", "title": "Pablo Vitti" }, { "docid": "76153221", "text": "Messi's World Cup: The Rise of a Legend is a biographical documentary series produced in a collaboration between Apple TV+, SMUGGLER Entertainment and Pegsa Group. The series follows Lionel Messi's triumphant career, his overall impact on football and shows his journey of highs and lows with the Argentina national football team across five World Cups, culminating with his fairytale ending of winning the 2022 FIFA World Cup. Cast Lionel Messi Ángel Di María Rodrigo De Paul Enzo Fernández Emiliano Martínez Sergio Agüero Lionel Scaloni Andrés Cantor Gary Lineker Episodes Release The series premiered on Apple TV+ on 21 February 2024. Reception On IMDb, the docuseries scored a rating of 8.4/10 based on 402 audience reviews. In the first week of its release, it ranked as the 8th most watched TV show worldwide on Apple TV+, and ended the first week in Apple TV+'s Top 10 list in over 50 countries. References External links 2022 in association football FIFA World Cup Association football documentary television series Association football television series Documentary films about association football Documentary television series about sports American sports documentary films Apple TV+ original programming 2020s sports films 2024 documentary films Biographical television series Spanish-language television shows", "title": "Messi's World Cup: The Rise of a Legend" }, { "docid": "43255516", "text": "A total of over 2,700 goals have been scored in games at the Men's 22 final tournaments of the FIFA World Cup, not counting penalties scored during shoot-outs. Since the first goal scored by French player Lucien Laurent at the 1930 FIFA World Cup, almost 1,300 footballers have scored goals at the World Cup tournaments, of whom 101 have scored five or more. The top goalscorer of the inaugural competition was Argentina's Guillermo Stábile with eight goals. Since then, only 25 players have scored more at all the games played at the World Cup than Stábile did throughout the 1930 tournament. The first was Hungary's Sándor Kocsis with eleven in 1954. At the next tournament, France's Just Fontaine improved on this record with 13 goals in only six games. Gerd Müller scored 10 for West Germany in 1970 and broke the overall record when he scored his 14th goal in a tournament match at a World Cup during West Germany's win in the 1974 final. His record stood for more than three decades until Ronaldo's 15 goals between 1998 and 2006 for Brazil. Germany's Miroslav Klose went on to score a record 16 goals across four consecutive tournaments between 2002 and 2014. Of all the players who have played in the World Cup tournaments, only six have achieved an average of two goals or more per game played: Kocsis, Fontaine, Stábile, Russia's Oleg Salenko, Switzerland's Josef Hügi, and Poland's Ernst Wilimowski — the last of these scored four in his single World Cup game in 1938. The top 101 goalscorers have represented 30 nations, with 14 players scoring for Brazil, and another 14 for Germany or West Germany. In total, 67 footballers came from UEFA (Europe), 30 from CONMEBOL (South America), and only four from elsewhere: Cameroon, Ghana, Australia, and the United States. Fontaine holds the record for the most goals scored in a single tournament, with 13 goals in 1958. The players that came closest were Kocsis in 1954, Müller in 1970 and Portugal's Eusébio in 1966, with 11, 10 and 9, respectively. The lowest scoring top scorer was in 1962, when six players tied at only four goals each. Across the 22 tournaments of the World Cup, 31 footballers have been credited with the most tournament goals, and no one has achieved this feat twice. Ten of them scored at least seven goals in a tournament, while Brazil's Jairzinho and Argentine's Lionel Messi were the only footballers to score at least seven goals without being the top goalscorer of the tournament in 1970 and 2022, respectively. These 31 top goalscorers played for 20 nations, the most (five) for Brazil. Another five came from other South American countries, with the remaining 21 coming from Europe. In 2006, Ronaldo was the first to score 8 goals in knockout matches (excluding 3rd place playoff) at the World Cup in his 3 tournaments for Brazil, tied in 2022 by Kylian Mbappé. Mbappé became the first player to score 4 goals in World", "title": "FIFA World Cup top goalscorers" }, { "docid": "33851990", "text": "The 2011 FIFA Ballon d'Or Gala was the second year for FIFA's awards for the top football players and coaches of the year. The awards were given out in Zürich on 9 January 2012, with Lionel Messi claiming the title of world player of the year for the third time in a row. The gala ceremony was hosted by former Ballon d'Or winner Ruud Gullit and broadcast journalist Kay Murray of Real Madrid TV and Fox Soccer Channel, with singer-songwriter James Blunt and his band providing musical entertainment. Winners and nominees FIFA Ballon d'Or The top three nominees for the 2011 FIFA Ballon d'Or were: The following twenty players were also in contention for the award: FIFA Women's World Player of the Year The top three nominees for the 2011 FIFA Women's World Player of the Year were: The following seven players also in contention for the award: FIFA World Coach of the Year for Men's Football FIFA World Coach of the Year for Women's Football FIFA/FIFPro World XI FIFA Puskás Award FIFA Presidential Award Sir Alex Ferguson FIFA Fair Play Award Japan Football Association Controversy The day after the awards ceremony, Spanish newspaper Marca reported that none of the four captains of the Spanish women's national team had voted for the Women's World Player of the Year award. According to the list of votes published by FIFA, captain Sandra Vilanova had awarded five points to Hope Solo, three to Louisa Nécib and one to Marta. References External links France Football Official Ballon d'Or page 2011 FIFA Ballon d'Or at \"FIFA.com\" 2011 Fifa Ballon Dor, 2011 Basel 2011 sports awards 2011 in women's association football Women's association football trophies and awards", "title": "2011 FIFA Ballon d'Or" }, { "docid": "22871690", "text": "Life Is Messy is the seventh studio album by American country music artist Rodney Crowell, released in 1992 by Columbia Records. It peaked at number 30 on the Top Country Albums chart. The songs, \"Lovin' All Night\", \"What Kind of Love\", \"It's Not for Me to Judge\", and \"Let's Make Trouble\" were released as singles. Content The album's first two singles, \"Lovin' All Night\" and \"What Kind of Love\", were both released as singles. They respectively reached No. 10 and No. 11 on the Hot Country Songs charts in 1992. \"The Answer Is Yes\" was covered by Michelle Wright on her 1996 album For Me It's You, while \"Lovin' All Night\" was covered by Patty Loveless on her 2003 album On Your Way Home. Critical reception William Ruhlmann of Allmusic rated the album 4.5 out of 5 stars, concluding his review with, \"Taken together, the songs on Life Is Messy made for a fascinating portrait of an artist at a personal and professional crossroad -- but it didn't have much to do with commercial country music circa 1992, which is what it was primarily marketed as.\" He compared the songs' sounds primarily to \"a pastiche of late-'50s/early-'60s pop\". A review by Jack Hurst in the Chicago Tribune rated the album 3.5 out of 4, saying that the album had \"a throbbing sound that is out on the pop-ish progressive end of the country spectrum, it treats life in all its surreal hurtfulness without neglecting its epic joys.\" A less positive review came from Alanna Nash of Entertainment Weekly, who thought that the album showed emotional influence from Crowell's then-recent divorce from fellow musician Rosanne Cash, and highlighted the song \"I Hardly Know How to Be Myself\", which the two wrote, as the best song on the album. She also compared Crowell's voice favorably to Roy Orbison but added that \"too many of his songs splinter into nebulousness with the occasional joltingly bad line\". Track listing Personnel From Life Is Messy liner notes. Musicians \"It's Not for Me to Judge\" Marc Cohn - background vocals Bobby Colomby - background vocals John Leventhal - electric guitar, acoustic guitar Jeff Porcaro - drums Michael Rhodes - bass guitar Steuart Smith - electric guitar, slide guitar C. J. Vanston - keyboards \"What Kind of Love\" Mickey Curry - drums Don Henley - background vocals Booker T. Jones - organ Larry Klein - bass guitar, keyboards Linda Ronstadt - background vocals Steuart Smith - guitars \"Lovin' All Night\" Eddie Bayers - drums Barry Beckett - electric piano Rodney Crowell - acoustic guitar, percussion Jim Horn - saxophone John Leventhal - guitars, percussion Michael Rhodes - bass guitar Vince Santoro - background vocals Lari White - background vocals \"Life Is Messy\" Eddie Bayers - drums, percussion Vicki Hampton - background vocals John Leventhal - guitars Jonell Mosser - background vocals Michael Rhodes - bass guitar C. J. Vanston - keyboards Lari White - background vocals Steve Winwood - background vocals \"I Hardly Know How to Be", "title": "Life Is Messy" }, { "docid": "80835", "text": "Pedro Telmo Zarraonandía Montoya (20 January 1921 – 23 February 2006), known as Telmo Zarra (, ), was a Spanish football forward. He spent the majority of his career at Athletic Bilbao, from 1940 to 1955, for whom he remains the top scorer in competitive matches with 335 goals. Zarra signed for Athletic after playing one season for Erandio. He became a prolific goalscorer in his 15 seasons at the club, winning the Pichichi Trophy as the highest scorer in La Liga on six occasions. During his career, Zarra scored a total of 251 league goals, a Spanish record that lasted nearly six decades before being broken by Lionel Messi. His 81 goals in the Copa del Rey remain a record. Despite his goalscoring records, he only played for Spain 20 times. Even so, he still managed to score 20 goals, including four in one match as Spain beat Switzerland 6–3 on 18 February 1951. He also scored his country's winning goal against England in the 1950 World Cup finals as Spain reached the final four—their best performance in the competition until winning the 2010 FIFA World Cup 60 years later. After leaving Athletic in 1955, he played for one year with SD Indautxu and another with Barakaldo CF before retiring. He died of a heart attack on 23 February 2006, aged 85. The Zarra Trophy for the highest-scoring Spaniard in La Liga is awarded in his memory. Early life Zarra was born on 20 January 1921 at the Asúa train station in Erandio, Biscay. He was the son of Telmo Zarraonandía, an engineer and head of Asúa station, and Tomasa Montoya. Zarra was the seventh of ten children, five of them boys. When he was young, Zarra used to play football with his neighbours. While other children had homemade or improvised balls, Zarra had access to a real ball, as two of his brothers played football in La Liga with Arenas de Getxo: Tomás, a goalkeeper and the oldest sibling, and Domingo, who died during the Spanish Civil War. His father did not like Zarra playing football, because \"it was enough with two brothers in the practice of this game.\" But Zarra liked the sport and began playing for several local teams, including Asia and Pitoberese. At that time, he was nicknamed \"Telmito the fearful\", as he would play cautiously, being ashamed and self-conscious of his skill. Career Early career Zarra signed his first professional contract with SD Erandio Club of the Second Division, and was incorporated into team during the 1937–38 season. Later he was recruited to a team from Biscay to play a friendly match against a team assembled from Guipuzcoa, during which Zarra scored seven goals in a 9–0 win. Around this time, Athletic Bilbao was looking for players to rebuild the team, which had been disbanded years before in the chaos caused by the Civil War. The team began recruiting young, promising players from Erandio for their team for the 1940–41 season. Professional stage and", "title": "Telmo Zarra" }, { "docid": "2672127", "text": "The Fédération Internationale des Associations de Footballeurs Professionnels (English: International Federation of Professional Footballers), generally referred to as FIFPRO, is the worldwide representative organisation for 65,000 professional footballers. FIFPRO, with its global headquarters in Hoofddorp, Netherlands, is made up of 66 national players' associations. In addition, there are four candidate members. Lionel Messi has the most ever appearances in the FIFPRO World 11 with 17 overall, followed by Cristiano Ronaldo with 15. History On 15 December 1965, representatives of the French, Scottish, English, Italian and Dutch players' associations met in Paris, with the objective of setting up an international federation for footballers. In the second half of June 1966, the first FIFPRO congress took place in London, just before the start of the 1966 FIFA World Cup. The articles of association of FIFPRO were thereby adopted and the objectives accurately laid down. FIFPRO was responsible for increasing the solidarity between professional footballers and players' associations. It was originally laid down that a congress would be held once every four years at a minimum. The latest congress was in Uruguay in October 2022. FIFPRO has grown from a European organisation into a global network and has done much to support countries on other continents – Asia/Oceania, Africa, and North, Central and South America – in their efforts to set up players' associations. FIFPRO tried to offer the players' associations or other interest associations the means for mutual consultation and co-operation to achieve their objectives. In addition, it wished to co-ordinate the activities of the different affiliated groups in order to promote the interests of all professional footballers. Indeed, FIFPRO likewise had in mind propagating and defending the rights of professional footballers. The emphasis was thereby laid on the freedom of the football player to be able to choose the club of his choice at the end of his contract. FIFPRO supported Belgian footballer Jean-Marc Bosman in his judicial challenge of the football transfer rules which led to the Bosman ruling in 1995. In 2013, FIFPRO launched a legal challenge against the transfer system. Phillipe Piat, the FIFPRO president at the time, said \"the transfer system fails 99% of players around the world, it fails football as an industry and it fails the world's most beloved game\". According to the President of FIFPRO Division Europe Bobby Barnes, 28% of the money from a transfer fee is paid to agents, and many players are not paid on time or at all. He claims this leads to these players being \"vulnerable targets of crime syndicates, who instigate match-fixing and threaten the very existence of credible football competitions\". Writing for the BBC, Matt Slater said \"professional footballers do not enjoy the same freedoms that almost every other EU worker does\", and that \"players look at US sport, and wonder why their career prospects are still constrained by transfer fees and compensation costs\". In recent years, FIFPRO has established itself as a leading reference in the football industry through player surveys and research into concussion, mental", "title": "FIFPRO" }, { "docid": "46282466", "text": "The 2015 Copa América final was the final match of the 2015 Copa América, an international football tournament organized by CONMEBOL that was played in Chile. The match was held on 4 July 2015 in Santiago's Estadio Nacional, and contested by hosts Chile, and Argentina. Following a goalless draw, Chile defeated Argentina in a penalty shootout to win their first title and qualify for the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup in Russia. A new trophy was supposed to be created for the tournament and was to be unveiled on 4 July 2015 at the final. No trophy was unveiled amidst the FIFA corruption scandal. Background This edition was the seventh hosted by Chile. The match marked the third time Chile had reached a final. They had never won the competition; their last finals appearance was in 1987, when they were defeated by Uruguay. Meanwhile, Argentina reached its fifth final in Chilean territory. Their previous finals appearance was in 2007, when they were defeated by Brazil, while their last championship (including worldwide tournaments) was won in 1993. Including the editions from 1916 to 1967, when the Campeonato Sudamericano had a round-robin tournament format without a final match; it was the fifth appearance of Chile, and the twenty-seventh of Argentina, in the top two. Route to the final Match Summary Both sides had opportunities to open the scoring, and Chilean goalkeeper Claudio Bravo made a close-range save from Sergio Agüero, who had been set up by Lionel Messi. However, soon afterwards, Argentina made the first substitution due to a hamstring injury, with Ángel Di María making way for Ezequiel Lavezzi. Chile finished the first half with three yellow cards, while Argentina had none. Chile began the second half with attacking momentum, and the first Argentine yellow card went to Javier Mascherano for deliberate handball. With 15 minutes remaining, both teams made substitutions, with Argentina switching their center-forward from Agüero to Gonzalo Higuaín, and Chile making an alteration in midfield, replacing Jorge Valdivia with Matías Fernández. Minutes later, Arturo Vidal went down in the penalty area, but no foul was called. With nine minutes remaining of regulation time, Argentina made their final substitution, Javier Pastore was replaced by Éver Banega; soon after his entrance into the game, Banega was fouled by Charles Aránguiz, who was booked. Argentina then had their best chance of the game with only seconds remaining in regular time. Argentina staged a counterattack after Chile lost the ball. Messi dribbled past two Chilean defenders before passing the ball to Lavezzi near the penalty area, Lavezzi then passed the ball to Higuaín, who charged down the right side with a tight angle to shoot. His shot was inches wide of the inside of the post, however, and instead the ball hit the outside of the net. After regulation time, the game remained goalless. Early into extra time, Chile made their second substitution, replacing Eduardo Vargas with Ángelo Henríquez. In the final minutes of extra time, Chile had a corner, which was cleared", "title": "2015 Copa América final" } ]	[ "Barcelona" ]
train_7070	who sang live and let die in the james bond film	[ { "docid": "7999607", "text": "Live and Let Die is the soundtrack to the eighth James Bond film of the same name, scored by George Martin. The title song was written by Paul and Linda McCartney and performed by Paul McCartney and Wings. It was the first Bond film score to not involve John Barry. History The music for most of the Bond films up until Diamonds Are Forever had been scored by John Barry. Due to his working on a musical, and having fallen out with Bond producer Harry Saltzman over the last title song, Barry was unavailable to score Live and Let Die. Producers Saltzman and Albert Broccoli approached Paul McCartney to write the theme song and McCartney in turn asked Martin to record it for him. Impressed with the orchestration for the finished track, Saltzman and Broccoli considered Martin for the film's score. Martin worked closely with director Guy Hamilton who described what the music should convey in each scene as it unfolds. Only very minor changes to the finished score were asked for. Martin felt that this was as much for Hamilton's accurate briefing. The orchestra was conducted by Martin and recorded at AIR Studios. The soundtrack was also released in quadrophonic. Title song Having recorded McCartney's performance, Martin was taken aback when Saltzman asked him who he thought should sing the film's title song, suggesting to him Thelma Houston. Saltzman had envisaged a female soul singer. Martin said that it should be McCartney. The recording contract had specified that McCartney would \"perform the title song under the opening titles\". Martin nonetheless scored a soul arrangement to accompany singer B. J. Arnau for a nightclub sequence in the film. Live and Let Die was the first time that a rock music arrangement was used to open a Bond film. It was also the first time that McCartney and Martin had worked together since Abbey Road in 1969. McCartney had been considered as title song composer for the previous Bond film, Diamonds Are Forever. The song was nominated for an Academy Award but lost to \"The Way We Were\". The ″Live and Let Die\" single was a major success in the U.S. and UK and continues to be a highlight of McCartney's live shows. Chrissie Hynde covered the song for Bond composer David Arnold's compilation album Shaken and Stirred: The David Arnold James Bond Project. Track listing The original soundtrack LP ended with track 14, James Bond theme, and this version was released on CD in 1988. The digitally remastered CD re-release, 2003, as well as adding eight additional tracks, extended several of the original ones, such as Bond Meets Solitaire. Except as noted, all tracks composed by George Martin. \"Live and Let Die (Main Title) (Paul and Linda McCartney)\" – Paul McCartney & Wings \"Just a Closer Walk with Thee (Trad. Arr. Milton Batiste) /New Second Line (Milton Batiste)\" – Harold A. \"Duke\" Dejan & The Olympia Brass Band \"Bond Meets Solitaire\" \"Whisper Who Dares\" \"Snakes Alive\" \"Baron Samedi's Dance of", "title": "Live and Let Die (soundtrack)" }, { "docid": "6446061", "text": "Live and Let Die is a 1973 spy film. It is the eighth film in the James Bond series produced by Eon Productions, and the first to star Roger Moore as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond. It was directed by Guy Hamilton and produced by Albert R. Broccoli and Harry Saltzman, while Tom Mankiewicz wrote the script. Although the producers had approached Sean Connery to return after Diamonds Are Forever (1971), he declined and a search for a new actor led to Moore being signed. The film is based on Ian Fleming's 1954 novel of the same name. The storyline involves a Harlem drug lord known as Mr. Big who plans to distribute two tons of heroin for free to put rival drug barons out of business and then become a monopoly supplier. Mr. Big is revealed to be the alter ego of Dr. Kananga, a corrupt Caribbean dictator, who rules San Monique, a fictional island where opium poppies are secretly farmed. Bond is investigating the deaths of three British agents, leading him to Kananga, and he is soon trapped in a world of gangsters and voodoo as he fights to put a stop to the drug baron's scheme. Live and Let Die was released during the height of the blaxploitation era, and many blaxploitation archetypes and clichés are depicted in the film, including derogatory racial epithets (\"honky\"), black gangsters, and pimpmobiles. It departs from the former plots of the James Bond films about megalomaniac super-villains, and instead focuses on drug trafficking, a common theme of blaxploitation films of the period. It is set in African-American cultural centres such as Harlem and New Orleans, as well as the Caribbean Islands. It was also the first James Bond film featuring an African-American Bond girl romantically involved with 007, Rosie Carver, who was played by Gloria Hendry. The film was a box-office success and received generally positive reviews from critics. Its title song, written by Paul and Linda McCartney and performed by their band Wings, was also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song. Plot Three MI6 agents are killed under mysterious circumstances within 24 hours in the United Nations headquarters in New York City, in New Orleans, and the small Caribbean nation of San Monique, while monitoring the operations of the island's dictator, Dr. Kananga. James Bond, Agent 007, is sent to New York to investigate. Kananga is also in New York, visiting the United Nations. After Bond arrives, his driver is shot dead by Whisper, one of Kananga's men, while taking Bond to Felix Leiter of the CIA. Bond is nearly killed in the ensuing car crash. The killer's licence plate leads Bond to Harlem where he meets Mr. Big, a mob boss who runs a chain of restaurants throughout the United States, but Bond and the CIA do not understand why the most powerful black gangster in New York works with an unimportant island's leader. Bond meets Solitaire, a beautiful tarot reader who has the power", "title": "Live and Let Die (film)" }, { "docid": "490263", "text": "Live and Let Die may refer to: Live and Let Die (novel), a James Bond novel by Ian Fleming Live and Let Die (film), a 1973 film starring Roger Moore Live and Let Die (video game), a video game Live and Let Die (soundtrack) \"Live and Let Die\" (song), a song by Paul McCartney and Wings from the film Live and Let Die (adventure), a 1984 module for the James Bond 007 role-playing game Live and Let Die (album), an album by Kool G Rap & DJ Polo See also Live or Let Die (disambiguation) Live and Let Live (disambiguation)", "title": "Live and Let Die" }, { "docid": "1142203", "text": "Gloria Hendry (born March 3, 1949) is an American actress and former model. Hendry is best known for her roles in films from the 1970s, most notably: portraying Rosie Carver in 1973's James Bond film Live and Let Die; and Helen Bradley in the blaxploitation film Black Caesar, and the sequel, Hell Up in Harlem. Biography Early life and education Born in Jacksonville or Winter Haven, Florida (sources differ), Hendry was the older of two daughters. Hendry's family, which consisted of her mother and sister relocated to Newark, New Jersey to live with her grandparents during her early childhood. Hendry studied at Essex College of Business for Law. Career Hendry worked as a Playboy Bunny at the New York Playboy Club from 1965 until 1972. In 1968, Hendry received her first acting role in Sidney Poitier's film For Love of Ivy, followed by a small role in the 1970 film The Landlord. In 1973, Hendry portrayed the Sacrificial Lamb Rosie Carver in the James Bond film Live and Let Die. In that film, she became the first African American woman to become romantically involved with 007; Trina Parks, who played a nemesis to Bond rather than a love interest in Diamonds Are Forever (the previous Bond film) is considered to be the first Black Bond girl. Hendry later starred in several 1970s blaxploitation films, including Across 110th Street (1972), Slaughter's Big Rip-Off (1973), and both the 1973 films Black Caesar and its sequel Hell Up in Harlem. She also portrayed the martial arts expert, Sydney, in Black Belt Jones (1974), and appeared in Savage Sisters (1974) and Bare Knuckles (1977). Her later films included the horror film Pumpkinhead II: Blood Wings (1994) and the action comedy Freaky Deaky (2012). Filmography Film References Sources External links The Gloria Hendry Interview (about Live and Let Die) Gloria Hendry's Fansite (in French) 1949 births 20th-century American actresses 21st-century American actresses Actresses from Florida Actresses from New Jersey African-American actresses American film actresses Living people People from Winter Haven, Florida", "title": "Gloria Hendry" }, { "docid": "5747670", "text": "\"Live and Let Die\" is the theme song of the 1973 James Bond film of the same name, performed by the British–American rock band Wings. Written by English musician Paul McCartney and his wife Linda McCartney, it reunited McCartney with former Beatles producer George Martin, who produced the song and arranged the orchestra. McCartney was contacted to write the song by the film's producers Harry Saltzman and Albert R. Broccoli before the screenplay was finished. Wings recorded \"Live and Let Die\" during the sessions for Red Rose Speedway in October 1972 at AIR Studios. It was also the first rock song to open a Bond film. Another version by B. J. Arnau also appears in the film. Upon release, \"Live and Let Die\" was the most successful Bond theme up to that point, reaching No. 1 on two of the three major US charts (though it only reached No. 2 on the Billboard Hot 100) and No. 9 on the UK Singles Chart. The song also received positive reviews from music critics and continues to be praised as one of McCartney's best songs. It became the first Bond theme song to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song, but ultimately lost the award to Barbra Streisand's \"The Way We Were\". It won the Best Arrangement Accompanying Vocalist(s) at the 16th Annual Grammy Awards in 1974. Wings performed \"Live and Let Die\" live during their concert tours and McCartney continues to play it on his solo tours, often using pyrotechnics during the instrumental breaks. It has been covered by several bands, including Guns N' Roses, whose version appears on their 1991 album Use Your Illusion I. One of the more popular covers of the song, their version was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Hard Rock Performance at the 35th Annual Grammy Awards in 1993. In 2012, McCartney was awarded the Million-Air Award from Broadcast Music, Inc. (BMI), for more than 4 million performances of the song in the US. Background and recording Even before Tom Mankiewicz had finished writing the screenplay to Live and Let Die, producers Harry Saltzman and Albert R. Broccoli invited McCartney to write the theme song. McCartney asked to be sent a copy of Ian Fleming's novel. \"I read it and thought it was pretty good. That afternoon I wrote the song and went in the next week and did it ... It was a job of work for me in a way because writing a song around a title like that's not the easiest thing going.\" Originally, Saltzman was interested in having Shirley Bassey or Thelma Houston perform it instead of Wings. Martin said McCartney would allow the song to be used in the movie only if Wings was able to perform the song in the opening credits. The recording contract specified that McCartney would \"perform the title song under the opening titles\". A second version of the song, performed by B. J. Arnau, also appears in the film. Arnau's performance", "title": "Live and Let Die (song)" }, { "docid": "4292470", "text": "LALD is an initialism that may refer to: Live and Let Die Live and Let Die (novel), a James Bond novel by Ian Fleming Live and Let Die (film), a 1973 film starring Roger Moore loosely based upon the novel Live and Let Die (soundtrack), the soundtrack album of the 1973 film \"Live and Let Die\" (song), a song by Paul McCartney and Wings from the above soundtrack Live and Let Die (album), the final album by hip-hop duo Kool G Rap & DJ Polo Lysosomal Acid Lipase Deficiency, a disease caused when the body does not produce enough active lysosomal acid lipase enzyme Liquid Atomic Layer Deposition See also Live and Let Die (disambiguation)", "title": "LALD" }, { "docid": "24480441", "text": "The Bond Collection, a.k.a. Bassey Sings Bond, is a 1987 studio album by Shirley Bassey, notable for having been released without the artist's consent and subsequently withdrawn from sales by court order. History In early 1987, Bassey announced that she was planning to record an album of James Bond themes. The album was due for release 1987 to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the first James Bond feature film Dr. No. She promoted the album on the television show Live At The Palladium on May 3, 1987, where she lip-synched \"A View to a Kill\" and also performed a James Bond medley. Bassey decided not to release the album, for reasons that remain unclear (it is believed that she was not satisfied with the quality of the recording). However, five years later, the album was released, against Bassey's wishes, by the ICON Records label on September 20, 1992, as The Bond Collection, and again by TRING Records on January 10, 1994, as Bassey Sings Bond. Bassey sued in court, and on May 5, 1995, a permanent injunction was obtained against Icon Entertainment to prevent further manufacture or sales of the album. All existing unsold copies were withdrawn from sale, and the CDs are considered scarce. No singles were issued from this album. Another album, Bassey Sings Bond, was recorded for EMI, featuring new recordings of Bond songs. It was to be released at the end of 2002. However, this project incurred problems shortly after recording, and it has not been released. However, the vocal performance of \"You Only Live Twice\" recorded for this album was remixed in 2007 for the album Get the Party Started. Track listing \"A View to a Kill\" (Duran Duran, John Barry) (from the 1985 A View to a Kill soundtrack, original recording by Duran Duran) \"Nobody Does It Better\" (Marvin Hamlisch, Carole Bayer Sager) (from the 1977 The Spy Who Loved Me soundtrack, original recording by Carly Simon) \"From Russia with Love\" (Lionel Bart) (from the 1963 From Russia With Love soundtrack, original recording by Matt Monro) \"We Have All the Time in the World\" (John Barry, Hal David) (from the 1969 On Her Majesty's Secret Service soundtrack, original recording by Louis Armstrong) \"You Only Live Twice\" (John Barry, Leslie Bricusse) (from the 1967 You Only Live Twice soundtrack, original recording by Nancy Sinatra) \"Diamonds Are Forever\" (Don Black, John Barry) (from the 1971 Diamonds Are Forever soundtrack, original recording by Shirley Bassey) \"Live and Let Die\" (Paul McCartney, Linda McCartney) (from the 1973 Live and Let Die soundtrack, original recording by Paul McCartney & Wings) \"Moonraker\" (John Barry, Hal David) (from the 1979 Moonraker soundtrack, original recording by Shirley Bassey) \"For Your Eyes Only\" (Bill Conti, Mick Leeson) (from the 1981 For Your Eyes Only soundtrack, original recording by Sheena Easton) \"All Time High\" (John Barry, Tim Rice) (from the 1983 Octopussy soundtrack, original recording by Rita Coolidge) \"Thunderball\" (Don Black, John Barry) (from the 1965 Thunderball soundtrack, original recording by Tom Jones) \"Goldfinger\"", "title": "The Bond Collection" }, { "docid": "28506803", "text": "Brenda Arnaud (born Brenda Burton; June 1941 – November 1989), known as B. J. Arnau, was an American-born female singer and actor active in the UK and the US from the late 1960s to the early 1980s. Biography Very little is known about the artist apart from an August 1973 newspaper article. She was born in Cleveland, Ohio, United States, in June 1941, and she had a younger brother who predeceased her. Her first husband's surname was Arnaud, which she modified to \"Arnau\" for her stage name. As of the date of the article, she was married to Michael Bastow (a movie art-director) and had one daughter whom she kept out of the limelight. After considering a career as a fashion designer, Brenda worked as a telephone operator in Los Angeles, then as a go-go dancer and a hairdresser in San Francisco, before moving to Las Vegas to audition as a \"showgirl.\" She eventually managed to land a guest-spot on Joey Bishop's TV show, and a role as a sharecropper in the movie of Finian's Rainbow (1968), but success in the U.S. eluded her, so she decided to try somewhere else. Surprisingly, she began in the Far East, becoming quite a star on the U.S. Armed Forces Network during the Vietnam War, and performing for American troops in the war zone. Enduring this gave her the courage to travel and spread her wings abroad. She moved to Paris where she began to build a successful career there and her fame spread to London. Her growing popularity began to make its way back to the U.S. via the James Bond film and Benny Hill show. While singing at London's Playboy Club in 1970, she was discovered by producer Kenneth Tynan, who added her to the cast of his successful West End production of Oh Calcutta, and gave her new material in it, including a scene entitled To His American Mistress. She stayed with the production for seven months. She took singing lessons which only enhanced her vocal talent and allowed her to make tracks for top British record producer Jonathan King, who released her singles: \"I Want To Go Back There Again\" and \"The Big Hurt\". Both received critical acclaim and cult following, but neither became hits. So she left the UK on a world tour of cabaret performances. In 1973, she returned to England, where she starred in and developed the role of Silvia, in the original London production of the rock musical Two Gentlemen of Verona, and sang on the cast recording of it. Then followed the performance for which Arnau is best remembered; as the cabaret act in the James Bond film Live and Let Die (1973). She performed the title track (composed by Paul and Linda McCartney). The producer, Harry Saltzman, requested a talented and versatile soul singer for the opening credits but Arnau's appearance was a surprise. The soundtrack's composer and producer George Martin indicated that “McCartney would only allow the song to be used in", "title": "B. J. Arnau" }, { "docid": "196724", "text": "The Best of Bond... James Bond is the title of various compilation albums of music used in the James Bond films made by Eon Productions up to that time. The album was originally released in 1992 as The Best of James Bond, as a one-disc compilation and a two-disc 30th Anniversary Limited Edition compilation with songs that had, at that point, never been released to the public. The single disc compilation was later updated five times in 1999, 2002, 2008, 2012, and 2021. The 2008 version was augmented with the addition of a DVD featuring music videos and a documentary. Another two-disc edition, this time containing 50 tracks for the 50th anniversary of the franchise, was released in 2012. 30th Anniversary Collection The 30th Anniversary Collection of The Best of James Bond was released in 1992. It featured 19 tracks including 16 title songs for the 16 films that had thus far been released. Track listing \"James Bond Theme\" by Monty Norman Orchestra \"Goldfinger\" by Shirley Bassey \"Nobody Does It Better\" by Carly Simon \"A View to a Kill\" by Duran Duran \"Mr. Kiss Kiss Bang Bang\" by Dionne Warwick \"For Your Eyes Only\" by Sheena Easton \"We Have All the Time in the World\" by Louis Armstrong \"Live and Let Die\" by Paul McCartney & Wings \"All Time High\" by Rita Coolidge \"The Living Daylights\" by a-ha \"Licence to Kill\" by Gladys Knight \"From Russia with Love\" by Matt Monro \"Thunderball\" by Tom Jones \"You Only Live Twice\" by Nancy Sinatra \"Moonraker\" by Shirley Bassey \"On Her Majesty's Secret Service\" by John Barry Orchestra \"The Man with the Golden Gun\" by Lulu \"Diamonds Are Forever\" by Shirley Bassey \"007\" by John Barry Orchestra A limited 2-disc edition, released in the US only, reshuffles the tracks, sorting chronologically the 16 title songs on disc 1, the three remaining tracks appearing on disc 2. It also includes four tracks that were originally missing from Goldfingers soundtrack (US release), although these four were included in the remastered soundtrack for Goldfinger in 2003 and appeared on the British LP in the 1960s. The \"Thunderball Suite\", was likewise not released on the Thunderball soundtrack until it was split up and used on the remastered release in 2003, along with extra unreleased music. Two rare additions were also made to the second disc. The first is the original version of \"Goldfinger\" sung by Anthony Newley who also wrote the song in collaboration with the film's composer, John Barry. Newley's jazz version was, however, replaced by Shirley Bassey's version in 1964 for the film and for release on the album. Newley's version was first released with the 30th Anniversary Collection. The second rare addition is Shirley Bassey's version of \"Mr. Kiss Kiss Bang Bang\" for Thunderball. Bassey had originally recorded the vocals for the track which initially was to be used as the main title theme; however, the song was replaced by Tom Jones' \"Thunderball\" after a decision by the producers that the title theme should", "title": "The Best of Bond... James Bond" } ]	[ { "docid": "1284911", "text": "Since its inception in 1962, the James Bond film series from Eon Productions has featured many musical compositions, many of which are now considered classic pieces of British film music. The best known piece is the \"James Bond Theme\" composed by Monty Norman. Other instrumentals, such as \"On Her Majesty's Secret Service\", and various songs performed by British or American artists such as Shirley Bassey's \"Goldfinger\", Nancy Sinatra's \"You Only Live Twice\", Paul McCartney's \"Live and Let Die\", Carly Simon's \"Nobody Does It Better\", Sheena Easton's \"For Your Eyes Only\", Duran Duran's \"A View to a Kill\", Tina Turner's \"GoldenEye\" also become identified with the series. Madonna's \"Die Another Day\" became a dance hit around the world, while \"A View to a Kill\" is the only Bond song to have reached number one on the US Billboard Hot 100. Three Bond songs have won the Academy Award for Best Original Song: \"Skyfall\" by Adele, \"Writing's on the Wall\" by Sam Smith and \"No Time to Die\" by Billie Eilish, with Writing's on the Wall also became the first Bond theme to reach number one on the UK Singles Chart. \"James Bond Theme\" The \"James Bond Theme\" is the main signature theme of the James Bond films and has featured in every Eon Productions Bond film since Dr. No, released in 1962. The piece has been used as an accompanying fanfare to the gun barrel sequence in every Eon Bond film before Casino Royale. \"James Bond Is Back\" The briefest of \"James Bond themes\", this composition started off the \"Opening Titles\" music of From Russia with Love. It was heard in the On Her Majesty's Secret Service film trailer, as well as in the pre-title sequence of Tomorrow Never Dies. WLS (AM) used the theme in the mid-1960s for their secret agent radio serial \"The Wild Adventures of Peter Fugitive\" that appeared on \"The Art Roberts Show\". \"007 Theme\" \"007 Theme\", also known as \"007 Takes the Lektor\", is an adventure theme composed by John Barry in 1963 for the Bond film From Russia with Love. \"The John Barry Seven\" had pop chart hit with a cover version of Elmer Bernstein's theme to The Magnificent Seven that included seven beats repeated throughout the theme. Barry used seven beats throughout the \"007 Theme\". It became a secondary theme for the Bond films, being used throughout the series, primarily during action scenes. Its most notable appearances are: From Russia with Love – played during the gypsy camp gunfight and also during Bond's theft of the Lektor decoder from the Russian embassy in Istanbul. Thunderball – played briefly in a climactic underwater fight; a similar but different theme of seven beats is played when Bond runs from SPECTRE during a parade and during the climax. You Only Live Twice – played during the flight of \"Little Nellie\" before Bond battles four helicopters that attack him. Diamonds Are Forever – played during Bond's destruction of Blofeld's Headquarters. Moonraker – played during the Amazon River chase.", "title": "James Bond music" }, { "docid": "16943005", "text": "This is a list of comics featuring James Bond. English James Bond Jr. Comic adaptation by Marvel based on the animated television serial. 1992 #1 The Beginning! The Eiffel Missile! Earth-cracker! Plunder Down Under! Dance of the Toreadors! original story The Gilt Complex Sure as Eggs is Eggs! Wave Goodbye to the USA! Absolute Zero! Friends like these! Indian Summer! Homeward bound! Junior James Bond Secret Agent 005. A series of comics mostly in Hindi published in India in the Eighties by the now defunct Chitra Bharthi Kathamala. English titles include: Thief with a Difference International Killer Road to the Jail! Back to the Jail! The Killers! The Traitors A Band of Robbers Compilation The James Bond 007 Annual 6 comic stories, 1965. 6 comic stories, 1967. Live and Let Die (from novel) 1968. Swedish These comics were all published by Semic Press. Spanish These were all published by Zig Zag. Based on Risico (1968) Operation Risk The Hildebrand Rarity For Your Eyes Only original Le Chiffre story, Deadly Gold Gold for Le Chiffre (1969) Ultra Secret original Le Chiffre story Child's Play Casino Royale Based on \"From A View to a Kill Hunting first chapter of \"Goldfinger novel Mission in Mexico Gold and Death Relentless pursuit Based on Goldfinger novel Fatal Crossroad Based on Goldfinger novel The Gold of Fort Knox Berlin Intrigue Holiday for a Spy The Crime at the Discothèque Based on novel \"Moonraker Sabotage Deadly Safari Doctor No A Beauty in Distress From Russia With Love Diamonds are Forever The C.I.P.E.T. affair The Crows The Missing Pilot Sacrilege start of Thunderball SPECTRE The Queen of the Bees Intrigue in the Arctic (1970) The Silk Cord The Hand of Fate Based on Thunderball Operation Thunder Based on Live and Let Die To Live and to Let Die Doubles The Beach of Flowers The Spy Who Loved Me Based on On Her Majesty's Secret Service The Arch-Criminal On Her Majesty's Secret Service You Only Live Twice The Man with the Golden Gun Death is amused The Executioner Bait Cry of Freedom Danger at Dock 4 The Prince and the Dragon A Warm Summer Afternoon Bodyguard 5 degrees below zero The Saboteurs A Pleasure Trip Mercenaries Inferno in Sicily Yeti The Golden Dolphin (1971) The Rally of Death Mystery on TV The Condemned Japanese Before creating Golgo 13, manga artist Takao Saito drew a serial based on the 007 series that was published monthly in Shogakukan's Boy's Life magazine from December 1964 to August 1967. The manga adapted four of Ian Fleming's original novels and were subsequently republished in collected editions under Shogakukan's Golden Comics imprint during serialization. The collected editions were later reprinted in 1981 under the Shogakukan Bunko imprint, and in 2015 under the Big Comics Special imprint. Dutch Anthology Comic – Doctor No Semic – Codename: Nemesis The Slave Traders Operation: Burma Liquidate Bond Operation: Little The Mad Emperor Operation Jungle Devils Operation: UFO Loempea – Licence To Kill (1989) Hungarian These comics were all published", "title": "List of James Bond comics" }, { "docid": "60417198", "text": "Tommy Lane (December 17, 1937 – November 29, 2021) was an American actor and stunt performer known for his appearances on television and in films of the 1970s, including Shaft (1971), Shamus (1973) and Live and Let Die (1973). In Shaft and Live and Let Die, he wore a tweed jacket. He also performed stunts in several movies. Biography He was born as Tommy Lee Jones in 1937. Career His career started when he appeared in several episodes of NBC series Flipper in mid-1960s. He was best remembered by roles in Shaft and Live and Let Die. In Shaft he played a gangster named Leroy, employed by Harlem crime boss Bumpy, who attacks the title character, only to be defeated and thrown through a window. His Live and Let Die role as Adam earned the character 90th place in a group of 104 James Bond villains as rated by Esquire. He played a guy known as 44 in Ossie Davis’ Cotton Comes to Harlem and also appeared in such films as Ganja & Hess, Shamus with Burt Reynolds and Eureka (1983). On TV, he appeared in 1980s series Simon & Simon. Music Lane also had a career as a jazz musician in the 1980s. He played trumpet and flugelhorn at New York City's Blue Note. Death He died on November 29, 2021 at after a long battle with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. His survivors include wife Raquel Bastias-Lane, seven children and a stepson and grandchildren and great-grandchildren. References External links 1937 births 2021 deaths 20th-century American male actors American stunt performers African-American male actors American male film actors American male television actors Deaths from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease", "title": "Tommy Lane (actor)" }, { "docid": "7027786", "text": "Live and Let Die is the second novel in Ian Fleming's James Bond series of stories. Set in London, the United States and Jamaica, it was first published in the UK by Jonathan Cape on 5 April 1954. Fleming wrote the novel at his Goldeneye estate in Jamaica before his first book, Casino Royale, was published; much of the background came from Fleming's travel in the US and knowledge of Jamaica. The story centres on Bond's pursuit of \"Mr Big\", a criminal who has links to the American criminal network, the world of voodoo and SMERSH—an arm of the Soviet secret service—all of which are threats to the First World. Bond becomes involved in the US through Mr Big's smuggling of 17th-century gold coins from British territories in the Caribbean. The novel deals with the themes of the ongoing East–West struggle of the Cold War, including British and American relations, Britain's position in the world, race relations, and the struggle between good and evil. As with Casino Royale, Live and Let Die was broadly well received by the critics. The initial print run of 7,500 copies quickly sold out and a second print run was ordered within the year. US sales, when the novel was released there a year later, were much slower. Following a comic strip adaptation in 1958–59 by John McLusky in the Daily Express, the novel was adapted in 1973 as the eighth film in the Eon Productions Bond series and the first to star Roger Moore as Bond. Major plot elements from the novel were also incorporated into the Bond films For Your Eyes Only in 1981 and Licence to Kill in 1989. Plot The British Secret Service agent James Bond is sent by his superior, M, to New York City to investigate \"Mr Big\", real name Buonaparte Ignace Gallia. Bond's target is an agent of the Soviet counterintelligence organisation SMERSH, and an underworld voodoo leader who is suspected of selling 17th-century gold coins to finance Soviet spy operations in America. These gold coins have been turning up in the Harlem section of New York City and in Florida and are suspected of being part of a treasure that was buried in Jamaica by the pirate Henry Morgan. In New York, Bond meets up with his counterpart in the CIA, Felix Leiter. The two visit some of Mr Big's nightclubs in Harlem, but are captured. Bond is interrogated by Mr Big, who uses his fortune-telling employee, Solitaire (so named because she excludes men from her life), to determine if Bond is telling the truth. Solitaire lies to Mr Big, supporting Bond's cover story. Mr Big decides to release Bond and Leiter, and has one of Bond's fingers broken. On leaving, Bond kills several of Mr Big's men; Leiter is released with minimal physical harm by a gang member, sympathetic because of a shared appreciation of jazz. Solitaire later leaves Mr Big and contacts Bond; the couple travel by train to St. Petersburg, Florida, where they meet", "title": "Live and Let Die (novel)" }, { "docid": "38123857", "text": "The series of theatrical feature films about James Bond have been filmed since the 1960s; in each decade at least three movies have been filmed. Before the films there was an episode of the television series Climax! which was produced that adapted the novel Casino Royale into a one-hour TV movie. TV movie Casino Royale (1954) Feature films 1960s Dr. No (1962) From Russia with Love (1963) Goldfinger (1964) Thunderball (1965) You Only Live Twice (1967) Casino Royale (1967) On Her Majesty's Secret Service (1969) 1970s Diamonds Are Forever (1971) Live and Let Die (1973) The Man with the Golden Gun (1974) The Spy Who Loved Me (1977) Moonraker (1979) 1980s For Your Eyes Only (1981) Never Say Never Again (1983) Octopussy (1983) A View to a Kill (1985) The Living Daylights (1987) Licence to Kill (1989) 1990s GoldenEye (1995) Tomorrow Never Dies (1997) The World Is Not Enough (1999) 2000s Die Another Day (2002) Casino Royale (2006) Quantum of Solace (2008) 2010s Skyfall (2012) Spectre (2015) 2020s No Time to Die (2021) References James Bond in film History of James Bond", "title": "Filming of James Bond" }, { "docid": "4036185", "text": "Solitaire is a fictional character in the James Bond novel and film Live and Let Die. In the film, she was portrayed by Jane Seymour. Novel biography In a relative rarity for the James Bond franchise, there is little difference between the film and novel in the treatment of Solitaire's basic character and role. The novel reveals that her real name is Simone Latrelle, that she is of French stock, and she was born in Haiti; the name \"Solitaire\" (an near-oronym of her real name) is given to her by the Haitians because of her apparent exclusion of men from her life. The only physical difference appears to be that Solitaire is stated to have blue-black hair; she also possesses pale skin reminiscent of the tropical planter class. When Bond meets her she is twenty-five years old and described as \"one of the most beautiful women Bond had ever seen.\" On a later occasion Bond describes her as looking \"rather French and very beautiful.\" At their first meeting, in the presence of Mr. Big, she comes across as superior, cold, and disdainful, an attitude reflected by her face, which Bond finds beautiful partly because of its lack of compromise and its hint of both cruelty and command. Once Solitaire has escaped from Mr. Big, she immediately becomes warm, open, and passionate towards Bond. Despite her obvious Gallic-Haitian heritage, there is no mention of her having any French accent. Solitaire was initiated into some of the practices of Voodoo while still a child in Haiti. Either naturally or through this initiation, she has an extrasensory ability both to foretell the future and to judge the veracity of others, even if they converse in a language that she does not speak. These gifts instilled great fear of her among those who know her. Mr. Big discovered her doing a mind-reading act in a Haitian cabaret and, recognizing the value of her abilities, took her into his employ, using her in his espionage operations and planning for her eventually to have his children. Solitaire becomes, more or less, his hostage, with little or no autonomy, and when he uses her to interrogate Bond, her mental abilities immediately tell her that he is the one who will rescue her. She thus covers for Bond by lying to Mr. Big, telling him that Bond is not out to get the gangster. She later escapes from Mr. Big and accompanies Bond on his assignment, though the gangster locates and kidnaps her, ultimately attempting, unsuccessfully, to kill both her and Bond by towing them over a Jamaican reef (a scenario adapted for the film version of For Your Eyes Only). The effort fails when Mr. Big's boat is destroyed by a mine Bond had earlier planted. The novel ends with Solitaire preparing to accompany Bond on his post-assignment recuperative leave. Unlike in the film, there is no evidence that Solitaire would lose her psychic powers after sexual congress, an eventuality that does not appear due to a", "title": "Solitaire (James Bond)" }, { "docid": "4036031", "text": "Kissy Suzuki is a fictional character introduced in Ian Fleming's 1964 James Bond novel, You Only Live Twice. Despite Bond's womanizing, Kissy Suzuki (at least the literary version) remains the only character known to the reader who bears a child by him (Madeleine Swann, played by actress Léa Seydoux, has a child by him in the film No Time To Die). The treatment of Kissy varies greatly between the novel and the film, where she is never identified by her name, no family name appears in the closing credits and the film ends in the usual Bond-style happy ending. Novel version In the book, Kissy is an Ama diver and former Hollywood actress. She is distantly related to a local police superintendent working with Tiger Tanaka, head of the Japanese Secret Service and is, therefore, asked to assist Bond. Bond stays with Kissy's family on an island near the castle where Ernst Stavro Blofeld maintains a \"suicide garden\" where people come to die (and are killed by the \"gardeners\" if they change their mind). Bond is also seeking revenge on Blofeld for the murder of his wife at the conclusion of the previous novel, On Her Majesty's Secret Service. Bond enters the castle alone, succeeds in killing Blofeld and then destroys the castle. Bond then sustains amnesia in the aftermath of his attack with Blofeld and is believed dead by his superiors; in reality, he comes to believe he is a fisherman and lives with Kissy for several months. Kissy decides that she will not stop him if he decides to pursue his true identity, but will encourage the cover story that allowed him to stay with her until something else happens. When Bond decides to leave for Russia, believing the answers to his identity are there, Kissy does not follow; unknown to Bond, she is pregnant with his child. Kissy Suzuki does not appear again in the Bond canon, and Bond's child is not mentioned again until \"Blast From the Past\", a short story published in 1996 by Raymond Benson as a direct sequel to You Only Live Twice. In this story, it is revealed that Bond did eventually learn about his child, a son named James Suzuki. After the events of You Only Live Twice, Kissy and James Suzuki moved to the United States, where she raised him. Bond had little involvement in raising his son aside from paying for his university education, and Kissy died from ovarian cancer a few years before the story's timeline. At the start of the story, James Suzuki is a young adult living in New York City and working for a Japanese bank. Bond receives a message, apparently from his son, asking him to come to New York City on an urgent matter. When Bond arrives, he finds his son murdered, having been being cut on his arm with a razor blade coated in fugu poison. With the aid of an SIS agent, Bond learns that Irma Bunt, Ernst Stavro Blofeld's henchwoman,", "title": "Kissy Suzuki" }, { "docid": "60594778", "text": "Live and Let Die is a licensed adventure published by Victory Games in 1984 for the espionage role-playing game James Bond 007. Description Live and Let Die is a boxed set containing a 64-page book of the adventure, an 8-page plan booklet, a cardstock gamemaster's screen, and an envelope with 8 sheets of player handouts. Plot summary The adventure is based on the plot of the movie Live and Let Die. The player characters are investigating the murder of three MI6 operatives in New York and New Orleans. The adventure takes the player characters from New York to New Orleans to the Caribbean to meet the mysterious oracle Solitaire and to confront Mr. Big. Book contents The 64-page book is divided into five parts: Introduction and Briefing: The team's briefing, and equipment provided by Q Non-Player Characters: All significant personalities the players will meet Places, Events and Encounters: The details of the adventure Adventure Information: The consequences of success or failure, as well as possible modifications that can be added to the adventure Cities for James Bond: Details of New York City and New Orleans Publication history Victory Games, a division of Avalon Hill, acquired the license to create a role-playing game based on the James Bond movie franchise, and published James Bond 007 in 1983. The game was supported by many adventures and supplements, including 1984's Live and Let Die, a boxed set designed by Gerard Christopher Klug, with artwork by Ted Koller and James Talbot. Reception In Issue 24 of Imagine, Nick Davison warned that this was a tough scenario, where \"even experienced players with longstanding characters may need help.\" Nonetheless Davison recommended the adventure, saying it was, \"Well worth the extra money.\" Steve Crow reviewed Live and Let Die in Space Gamer No. 76. Crow commented that \"[the price] is more than worth it to get this module. Its plot, which deals with drug smuggling as opposed to the usual James-Bond-ish world-shattering brink-of-destruction events, makes it more suitable for adaptation to other secret agent roleplaying games than Victory's other modules.\" Awards At the 1985 Origins Awards, Live & Let Die won \"Best Roleplaying Adventure of 1984\". References James Bond 007 (role-playing game) adventures Role-playing game supplements introduced in 1984", "title": "Live and Let Die (adventure)" }, { "docid": "1062917", "text": "This is a list of allies of James Bond who appear throughout the film series and novels. MI6 M M is a Rear Admiral of the Royal Navy, and the head of the Secret Intelligence Service. Fleming based the character on a number of people he knew who commanded sections of British intelligence. M has appeared in the novels by Fleming and seven continuation authors, as well as 24 films. M has been portrayed by Bernard Lee, Robert Brown, Judi Dench, Ralph Fiennes, John Huston and Edward Fox. Miss Moneypenny Miss Moneypenny is the secretary to M. The films depict her as having a reserved romantic interest in Bond, although Fleming's novels do not imply such a relationship while the John Gardner and Raymond Benson novels emphasise it more. In the film series, Moneypenny has been portrayed by Lois Maxwell, Barbara Bouchet, Pamela Salem, Caroline Bliss, Samantha Bond and Naomie Harris. Q Q (standing for Quartermaster) is the head of Q Branch (or later Q Division), the fictional research and development division of the British Secret Service. His real name is Major Boothroyd, but Bond and M never use his name. He has appeared in 20 of 23 Eon Bond films; all except Live and Let Die, Casino Royale and Quantum of Solace. The character was also featured in the non-Eon Bond films Casino Royale (1967) and Never Say Never Again. He has been portrayed by Desmond Llewelyn for most of the films, and by Peter Burton, Geoffrey Bayldon, Alec McCowen, John Cleese (first as R in The World Is Not Enough), and Ben Whishaw. Bill Tanner Bill Tanner is MI6's Chief of Staff. Tanner is a Bond ally appearing regularly in the novels of Ian Fleming and John Gardner, as well as in Kingsley Amis' Colonel Sun, but did not become a regular cinematic character until the Brosnan and Craig era of films. Among his most prominent cinematic roles was in For Your Eyes Only (1981), in which Tanner was given a bigger part while M was \"on leave\", due to Bernard Lee's death that prevented him from reprising his role as M in the film. He otherwise has minor roles in The Man with the Golden Gun (1974), and appears in two of the four Brosnan films. Tanner appears in four of the five Craig films, taking on an increased role as M's chief aide and a friend and ally of Bond. In 1965, Amis wrote the authorised spin-off The Book of Bond, or Every Man His Own 007, a tongue-in-cheek guide to being a spy. The book is not credited to Amis, but rather to Lt. Col. William \"Bill\" Tanner. Michael Goodliffe (1974) (uncredited) James Villiers (1981) Michael Kitchen (1995–1999) Rory Kinnear (2008–present) Mary Goodnight Mary Goodnight is Bond's second personal secretary. She first appears in the novel On Her Majesty's Secret Service, then again in You Only Live Twice. By the time of her appearance in The Man with the Golden Gun, she has been assigned", "title": "List of James Bond allies" }, { "docid": "45346794", "text": "Colin Skeaping (born 18 June 1944) is a stuntman with a long career in Hollywood stunts. He was the stunt double for Mark Hamill's role as Luke Skywalker in all three original Star Wars films. He was also a stunt double in other noteworthy film series such as the James Bond and Superman movies. Career Star Wars Skeaping was Mark Hamill's stunt double for Star Wars, The Empire Strikes Back, and Return of the Jedi. In addition to his stunt work, he also played a Death Star trooper in Star Wars and a gunner for the second Death Star in Return of the Jedi. James Bond Skeaping performed stunts in the James Bond films Live and Let Die, The Spy Who Loved Me, and Octopussy. He also played Monorail Driver in The Spy Who Loved Me. Superman Skeaping was a stunt performer in the three first Superman films. He also played the pilot of the Bell Jetranger helicopter that crashes atop the Daily Planet building in the first Superman film, causing Superman to reveal himself to save Lois Lane. Selected filmography Films Colin Skeaping was a stunt performer unless otherwise mentioned. Horror Hospital (1973) as Bike Boy #2 Live and Let Die (1973) The Spy Who Loved Me (1977) stunt performer / Monorail Driver (uncredited) Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope (1977) as Mark Hamill's stunt double / Death Star trooper (uncredited) The Stick Up (1977) as Fairground Performer Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back (1980) Star Wars Episode VI: Return of the Jedi (1983) as Mark Hamill's stunt double / Death Star II gunner Superman: The Movie (1978) as stunt performer / Pilot Superman II (1980) The Great Muppet Caper (1981) Superman III (1983) Octopussy (1983) Top Secret! (1984) as Soufflé (Resistance Member) (uncredited) Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984) Return to Oz (1985) as Wheeler Batman (1989) Split Second (1992) as Drunk References External links 1944 births American stunt performers People from Colchester Living people Male actors from Essex", "title": "Colin Skeaping" }, { "docid": "6784659", "text": "The Spy Who Loved Me is the soundtrack for the tenth James Bond The Spy Who Loved Me. The soundtrack is one of only two Bond soundtracks to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Score. The other score nominated was Skyfall (2012). Theme song The theme song \"Nobody Does It Better\" was composed by Marvin Hamlisch with lyrics by Carole Bayer Sager, and was performed by Carly Simon. It was nominated for Academy Award for Best Original Song but lost to \"You Light Up My Life\". It is one of six Bond theme songs to be nominated for the award, alongside \"Live and Let Die\" in 1973, \"For Your Eyes Only\" in 1981, \"Skyfall\" in 2012, \"Writing's on the Wall\" in 2015 and \"No Time to Die\" in 2020. \"Skyfall\" went on to win the award in 2013, \"Writing's on the Wall\" in 2016 and \"No Time to Die\" in 2021. It was the first theme song with a title different from the film's, although the phrase \"the spy who loved me\" is in the lyrics. Hamlisch states in the documentary on the film's DVD that the song's opening bars were influenced by a riff in a Mozart tune. The driving disco rhythm to \"Bond '77\" is very similar to the Bee Gees' 1976 single \"You Should Be Dancing\". The theme song became a hit that is still popular today and has been featured in numerous films including Mr. & Mrs. Smith (2005), Little Black Book (2004), Lost in Translation and Bridget Jones: The Edge of Reason (2004). In 2004, the song was honoured by the American Film Institute as the 67th greatest film song as part of their 100 Years...100 Songs countdown. It also latterly featured in a UK TV commercial for the England-based Unigate Dairy powdered milk brand 'Five Pints' where, as the commercial tailed out, the relevant session singers could be heard singing \"Five Pints...you're the best\". Soundtrack The film's soundtrack was composed by Marvin Hamlisch, who filled in for usual Bond composer John Barry, as Barry was unavailable for work in the United Kingdom due to tax reasons. The soundtrack, in comparison to other Bond films of the time, is more disco-oriented and included a new disco rendition of the \"James Bond Theme\", titled \"Bond 77\" which Hamlisch said was influenced by \"You Should Be Dancing\" by The Bee Gees An element of the Barry style remains in the suspenseful film sequence in which Bond and Amasova try to track down Jaws at an antiquated site in Egypt. The accompanying Hamlisch music echoes Barry's \"Stalking,\" from the pre-credit fantasy sequence of From Russia with Love, featuring Bond (Sean Connery) and villain Red Grant (Robert Shaw). A large percentage of the music in the film was re-recorded for the soundtrack album and, therefore, does not sound exactly like the music in the film, the track \"Bond '77\" being the most obvious. It is a cue that was recorded several times specifically for different moments", "title": "The Spy Who Loved Me (soundtrack)" }, { "docid": "6446044", "text": "For Your Eyes Only is a 1981 spy film directed by John Glen (in his feature directorial debut) and produced by Albert R. Broccoli. The film stars Roger Moore as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond, and co-stars Carole Bouquet, Chaim Topol, Lynn-Holly Johnson and Julian Glover. The twelfth film in the James Bond franchise produced by Eon Productions, For Your Eyes Only was written by Richard Maibaum and Michael G. Wilson, based on two Ian Fleming short stories \"For Your Eyes Only\" and \"Risico\". In the plot, Bond attempts to locate a missile command system while becoming tangled in a web of deception spun by rival Greek businessmen along with Melina Havelock, a woman seeking to avenge the murder of her parents. Some writing elements were inspired by the novels Live and Let Die, Goldfinger and On Her Majesty's Secret Service. After the science fiction-focused Moonraker, the producers wanted a return to the style of the early Bond films and the works of 007 creator Fleming. For Your Eyes Only followed a grittier, more realistic approach and a narrative theme of revenge and its consequences rather than the fantasy narrative of Moonraker. Filming locations included Greece, Italy and the United Kingdom, while underwater footage was shot in the Bahamas. Sheena Easton performed the title theme song. For Your Eyes Only was released in the UK on 24 June 1981 and in the US two days later; it received a mixed to positive critical reception. The film's reputation has improved over time, with reviewers praising the more serious tone in comparison to previous entries in the series. The film was a financial success, generating $195.3 million worldwide. This was the final Bond film to be distributed solely by United Artists; the company was absorbed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer soon after this film's release. Plot The British information gathering vessel St Georges, which holds the Automatic Targeting Attack Communicator (ATAC), the system used by the Ministry of Defence to co-ordinate the Royal Navy's fleet of Polaris submarines, is sunk after accidentally trawling an old naval mine in the Ionian Sea. A marine archaeologist, Sir Timothy Havelock, is asked by the British to secretly locate the St Georges. However, he and his wife are then murdered on their yacht (the Triana) by a Cuban hitman, Hector Gonzales. Sir Timothy Havelock's daughter, Melina Havelock, witnesses the murders and vows revenge. The head of the KGB, General Gogol, has also learned of the fate of the St Georges and already notified his contact in Greece. MI6 agent James Bond is ordered by the Minister of Defence, Sir Frederick Gray, and MI6 Chief of Staff Bill Tanner to retrieve the ATAC before the Soviets since the transmitter could order attacks by the submarines' Polaris ballistic missiles. Bond goes to Spain to find out who hired Gonzales. While spying on Gonzales's villa, Bond is captured by his men, but escapes as Gonzales is killed by a crossbow bolt. Outside, he finds the assassin was Melina and the two", "title": "For Your Eyes Only (film)" }, { "docid": "18600419", "text": "This is a list of actors that have appeared physically (but not always characteristically) in the Eon Productions series of the James Bond film series more than once. MI6 Branch: Universal Exports – United Kingdom M – Head of MI-6 Bernard Lee In the Bond films, Bernard Lee's character, M, is Admiral Sir Miles Messervy (only ever named, besides as 'M', as 'Admiral' and 'Miles' on screen in his appearances), Bond's irascible boss who sends him out on assignments. He also portrays M along with Lois Maxwell as Moneypenny in the 1975 French comedy \" Bons baisers de Hong Kong\". Lee was succeeded by Robert Brown, though not necessarily playing the same character (Brown had played another admiral in the series previously). Dame Judi Dench, a friend of Lee, would later take over the role of a brand-new M, starting in 1995 with some references to her predecessor, including an oil painting of Lee in the role seen in MI6's secondary HQ (a Scottish castle). Lee starred in eleven James Bond films. Dr. No (1962) From Russia with Love (1963) Goldfinger (1964) Thunderball (1965) You Only Live Twice (1967) On Her Majesty's Secret Service (1969) Diamonds Are Forever (1971) Live and Let Die (1973) The Man with the Golden Gun (1974) The Spy Who Loved Me (1977) Moonraker (1979) Robert Brown After Lee's death in 1981, the producers hired actor Robert Brown to continue the role in the Bond films. Brown picks up the role in Octopussy, however it is never explicitly stated on screen whether Robert Brown's character is intended to be the same person played by Lee, if he was intended to be Admiral Hargreaves, the role played by Brown in 1977's The Spy Who Loved Me, or if he is supposed to be another character altogether. Brown played M in the following James Bond films: Octopussy (1983) A View to a Kill (1985) The Living Daylights (1987) Licence to Kill (1989) Judi Dench In 1995, actress Dame Judi Dench became known to an international audience after taking over the role of M starting with GoldenEye and continuing through all of the Pierce Brosnan films. She is the only actor from Brosnan's era to remain in the rebooted franchise featuring Daniel Craig, starring in 2006's Casino Royale, 2008's Quantum of Solace, and 2012's Skyfall, followed by a cameo in 2015's Spectre. A painting of Dench's M is shown at the relocated M16 headquarters in 2021's No Time to Die. Dench played M in a total of eight films. GoldenEye (1995) Tomorrow Never Dies (1997) The World Is Not Enough (1999) Die Another Day (2002) Casino Royale (2006) Quantum of Solace (2008) Skyfall (2012) Spectre (2015) Ralph Fiennes In 2012, following the death of Judi Dench's M in Skyfall, the character of Gareth Mallory (Ralph Fiennes) takes over from her in the role as M. Fiennes played M in the following films: Skyfall (2012) Spectre (2015) No Time to Die (2021) Q – Quartermaster Desmond Llewelyn Starting with the", "title": "List of recurring actors in the James Bond film series" }, { "docid": "401963", "text": "A deathtrap is a literary and dramatic plot device in which a villain who has captured the hero or another sympathetic character attempts to use an elaborate, improbable, and usually sadistic method of murdering them. It is often used as a means to create dramatic tension in the story and to have the villain reveal important information to the hero, confident that the hero will shortly not be able to use it. It may also be a means to show the hero's resourcefulness in escaping, or the writer's ingenuity at devising a last-minute rescue or deus ex machina. History This plot device is generally believed to have been popularized by movie serials and 19th-century theatrical melodramas. A well-known example is the cliché of the moustache-twirling villain leaving the heroine tied to railroad tracks. Its use in the James Bond film series and superhero stories is well known. Famous examples The Engineer's Thumb (Sherlock Holmes story): the engineer Victor Hatherley is trapped inside a hydraulic press which would crush him to a pulp Escape method: a woman working for the villains but not sharing their criminal ruthlessness opens a side panel at the last moment, allowing Hatherley to escape Raiders of the Lost Ark: Sealing Indiana Jones and Marion in the Well of Souls Escape method: Seeing a possible tunnel entrance, Jones climbed a statue and toppled it towards the wall to create an entrance to a passageway that led to the outside. Live and Let Die: Doctor Kananga and a minion tie James Bond and Solitaire to a platform to be lowered into a shark-infested pool to be eaten alive. Escape method: Without the villains seeing, Bond activates his watch's rotary saw function to cut through his restraints to free himself and attack Kananga. Goldfinger: James Bond is shackled spreadeagled to a table and a circular saw (a laser in the film) is approaching to cut him in half. Unlike many deathtrap scenarios, Bond remains under constant supervision, and he does not use (or have) a device or outside help to escape. Escape method: Bond bluffs Goldfinger, and persuades him that his replacement \"008\" also knows about Goldfinger's plans and that Bond's death will immediately summon him to investigate, so Goldfinger elects to not take the chance of another spy coming on the scene to interfere, which he can avoid by holding Bond captive. Edgar Allan Poe's \"The Pit and the Pendulum\": The unnamed character finds himself bound to a large slab, beneath a bladed pendulum that slowly lowers toward him as it swings, with the intention of slicing through his chest. Escape method: The character lures rats to the ropes with a piece of meat. They chew through the ropes, allowing him to escape before the pendulum can slice him open. In the Dudley Do-Right cartoon, villain Snidely Whiplash (a parody of the stereotypical \"movie-serial\" villain) tied up Nell Fenwick on a table-saw conveyor belt. The narrator (Paul Frees) noted that, \"Fortunately, the belt was in need of oiling,", "title": "Deathtrap (plot device)" }, { "docid": "1406007", "text": "Derek Meddings (15 January 1931 – 10 September 1995) was a British film and television special effects designer. He was initially noted for his work on the \"Supermarionation\" TV puppet series produced by Gerry Anderson, and later for the 1970s and 1980s James Bond and Superman film series. Biography Early years Derek Meddings was born 15 January 1931 in St Pancras, London, England. Both Meddings' parents had worked in the British film industry: his father as a carpenter at Denham Studios and his mother as producer Alex Korda's secretary and actress Merle Oberon's stand-in. Meddings went to art school and, in the late 1940s, also found work at Denham Studios, lettering credit titles. It was there that he met effects designer Les Bowie and joined his matte painting department. During the 1950s, Meddings' work with Bowie included the creation of Transylvanian landscapes for Hammer Films and a \"string and cardboard\" invention that proved useful when Meddings was hired for Gerry Anderson's earliest TV puppet series. In 1953, he married Anne S. Dodge (born 1935). In 1972, Meddings married Alexe Anne Inglis (born 18 May 1954). Gerry Anderson productions Meddings' first work with Anderson was as an uncredited art assistant on Anderson's second puppet series, Torchy the Battery Boy, produced in 1957. In 1960, he painted cut-out backgrounds of ranch houses and picket fences for Four Feather Falls. He was credited with the special effects in Anderson's 1960 and 1962 series Supercar and Fireball XL5, being elevated to special effects director for Stingray (1964) for which he and Reg Hill designed the main models. Meddings became special effects supervisor for Thunderbirds (1965–66), during which time he was responsible for the design of the Thunderbird machines themselves. He was visual effects supervisor for all the Anderson puppet series of the late 1960s (Captain Scarlet and the Mysterons, Joe 90 and The Secret Service) and also Anderson's first live-action series, UFO, at the start of the 1970s. He performed the same role on Anderson's three 1960s feature films, Thunderbirds Are Go (1966), Thunderbird 6 (1968) and the live-action Doppelgänger (1969; also known as Journey to the Far Side of the Sun). During his time working on these series, Meddings and his team developed a number of innovations in the filming of miniature models and landscapes which have since become standard in the industry. James Bond films In the 1970s, Meddings furthered his career by working on the special effects for the James Bond films. He first impressed producer Cubby Broccoli with some miniature effects that he had created for Live and Let Die (1973). Once Broccoli realised the economic advantages of building detailed models instead of expensive full-sized constructions, Meddings was encouraged to come up with design concepts for the next film in the series, The Man with the Golden Gun (1974). After this, he was contacted by Pink Floyd, and Meddings handled all the pyrotechnics on the Pink Floyd shows in 1975. He returned to the James Bond films in 1977 with", "title": "Derek Meddings" }, { "docid": "10378603", "text": "Bond Girls Are Forever is a 2002 James Bond documentary film hosted by actress Maryam d'Abo, who played the role of Kara Milovy in the 15th James Bond film The Living Daylights. The film was accompanied by a 2003 book written by John Cork and d'Abo, Bond Girls Are Forever: The Women of James Bond. The film and the book are tributes to the elite club of women who have played the role of a Bond girl. The TV film, which was released in November 2002 alongside Die Another Day, features interviews with a number of Bond girls who were featured throughout the film franchise between the first James Bond film, Dr. No (1962) starring Ursula Andress and the then-current 20th film Die Another Day starring Halle Berry. In 2003, the documentary was released on DVD and offered as a free gift with the purchase of Die Another Day on DVD by some retailers. In 2006, a new version of the documentary, updated to include interviews with cast from Casino Royale and edited to include commercial breaks, was produced for the AMC network and was later released as a bonus feature on the March 2007 DVD and Blu-ray editions of Casino Royale. A new 2012 version was shown on the Sky Movies 007 channel in the UK to include Quantum of Solace and Skyfall. Emmy award–winning singer and songwriter Faith Rivera performed a rendition of \"Nobody Does It Better\" over the closing credits of the documentary. Bond girls interviewed in order Halle Berry Ursula Andress Honor Blackman Luciana Paluzzi Jill St. John Jane Seymour Maud Adams Lois Chiles Carey Lowell Michelle Yeoh Judi Dench Samantha Bond Rosamund Pike Eva Green (2006 version) Caterina Murino (2006 version) Gemma Arterton (2008 version) Naomie Harris (2012 version) Bérénice Marlohe (2012 version) References External links 2002 television films 2002 films 2003 books American documentary television films Non-fiction books about James Bond James Bond in film Documentary films about women in film 2000s English-language films 2000s American films", "title": "Bond Girls Are Forever" }, { "docid": "589464", "text": "Yaphet Frederick Kotto (November 15, 1939 – March 15, 2021) was an American actor for film and television. He starred in the NBC television series Homicide: Life on the Street (1993–1999) as Lieutenant Al Giardello. His films include the science-fiction horror film Alien (1979), the science-fiction action film The Running Man (1987), the James Bond film Live and Let Die (1973) in which he portrayed the main villain Dr. Kananga, and the action comedy Midnight Run (1988). Early life Kotto was born in New York City. His mother, Gladys Marie, was an American nurse and U.S. Army officer of Panamanian and West Indian descent. His father, Avraham Kotto (who was, according to his son, originally named Njoki Manga Bell), was a businessman from Cameroon who emigrated to the United States in the 1920s. Kotto's father was raised Jewish and his mother converted to Judaism. The couple separated when Kotto was a child, and he was raised by his maternal grandparents. By the age of 16, Kotto was studying acting at the Actors Mobile Theater Studio. Career At age 19, Yaphet Kotto made his professional acting debut in Othello. He was a member of the Actors Studio in New York. Kotto got his start in acting on Broadway, where he appeared in The Great White Hope, among other productions. His film debut was in 1963, aged 23, in an uncredited role in 4 for Texas. He performed in Michael Roemer's Nothing but a Man (1964) and played a supporting role in the caper film The Thomas Crown Affair (1968). He played John Auston, a confused Marine Lance Corporal, in the 1968 episode \"King of the Hill\", on the first season of Hawaii Five-O. In 1967, he released a single, \"Have You Ever Seen the Blues\" / \"Have You Dug His Scene\" (Chisa Records, CH006). In 1973, he landed the role of the James Bond villain Mr. Big in Live and Let Die, as well as roles in Across 110th Street and Truck Turner. He played a police officer, Richard \"Crunch\" Blackstone, in the 1975 film Report to the Commissioner. Kotto portrayed Idi Amin in the 1977 television film Raid on Entebbe. He starred as an auto worker in the 1978 film Blue Collar. The following year he played Parker in the sci-fi–horror film Alien. He followed with a supporting role in the 1980 prison drama Brubaker. In 1983, he guest-starred as mobster Charlie \"East Side Charlie\" Struthers in The A-Team episode \"The Out-of-Towners\". In 1987, he appeared in the futuristic sci-fi movie The Running Man, and in 1988, in the action-comedy Midnight Run, in which he portrayed Alonzo Moseley, an FBI agent. A memo from Paramount indicates that Kotto was among those being considered for Jean-Luc Picard in Star Trek: The Next Generation, a role which eventually went to Patrick Stewart. Kotto was cast as a religious man living in the southwestern desert country in the 1967 episode \"A Man Called Abraham\" on the syndicated anthology series Death Valley Days, hosted", "title": "Yaphet Kotto" }, { "docid": "8006462", "text": "Goldeneye is the original name of novelist Ian Fleming's estate on Oracabessa Bay on the northern coastline of Jamaica. He bought adjacent to the Golden Clouds estate in 1946 and built his home on the edge of a cliff overlooking a private beach. The three-bedroom structure was constructed from Fleming's sketch, fitted with wooden jalousie windows and a swimming pool. Fleming's visitors at Goldeneye included actors, musicians, and filmmakers, among others. , the property operates as Goldeneye Hotel and Resort, consisting of Fleming's main house and several cottages. The estate is located in the Oracabessa Bay Fish Sanctuary, established in 2011 to protect the area's marine ecosystem. It is adjacent to James Bond Beach. History In spite of its obvious proximity to Golden Clouds, Fleming claimed a number of origins for the name Goldeneye, including Carson McCullers's 1941 novel, Reflections in a Golden Eye and Operation Goldeneye, a Second World War era contingency plan Fleming had developed in case of a Nazi invasion of Gibraltar through Spain. Fleming joined The Sunday Times in 1946, for which he oversaw the paper's worldwide network of correspondents. He negotiated a contract whereby he could spend three months of each year at Goldeneye. Here he entertained Ann Fleming. Ann was then married to Lord Rothermere, who thought Ann was staying with Noël Coward. On 17 February 1952, Fleming began writing his first Bond novel, Casino Royale, at Goldeneye. For the next 12 years, Fleming wrote all his Bond stories there. A number of the Bond movies, including Dr. No and Live and Let Die, were filmed near the estate. In 1956, British Prime Minister Sir Anthony Eden and his wife Clarissa spent a month at Goldeneye after Eden's health collapsed in the wake of the Suez Crisis. The attendant publicity helped to boost Fleming's writing career. On 5 February 1964, James Bond (ornithologist) paid Fleming a surprise visit at Goldeneye. Fleming had seen Bond's name on the cover of his book Birds of the West indies and used it to name James Bond (literary character). Previously unseen footage of the two meeting at Goldeneye was featured in the 2022 documentary The Other Fellow. In 1976, 12 years after Ian Fleming's death, the property was sold to reggae musician Bob Marley. A year later, he sold the estate to Island Records founder Chris Blackwell. Blackwell gradually added in small parcels to the original estate to reach a current total of . As it grew, he also added various cottages and huts around an inner lagoon sandwiched between James Bond Beach and Low Cay Beach. In the late 1980s, he formed the Island Outpost Company and opened the property as a small hotel. The name Goldeneye has found its way into the James Bond film and television franchises. It was used in the 1991 animated series James Bond Jr, where it became the name of a valuable pendant worn by a prince in the episode \"Ship of Terror.\" It was more famously used again in 1995,", "title": "Goldeneye (estate)" }, { "docid": "53470763", "text": "Raymond Poulton (1916–1992) was a British film editor. During his career he worked on around forty productions, including two James Bond films Live and Let Die and The Man with the Golden Gun. Selected filmography While I Live (1947) Maytime in Mayfair (1949) Edward, My Son (1949) My Daughter Joy (1950) The Hour of 13 (1952) Betrayed (1954) Flame and the Flesh (1954) That Lady (1955) Storm Over the Nile (1955) Port Afrique (1956) Invitation to the Dance (1956) Seven Waves Away (1957) The Long Haul (1957) The Two-Headed Spy (1958) Gideon's Day (1958) The Mouse That Roared (1959) The Three Worlds of Gulliver (1960) Barabbas (1961) The Secret Partner (1961) The Captive City (1962) Just for Fun (1963) Ballad in Blue (1964) Berserk! (1967) Fright (1971) Live and Let Die (1973) The Man with the Golden Gun (1974) The Spiral Staircase (1975) Force 10 from Navarone (1978) References Bibliography Blottner, Gene. Columbia Noir: A Complete Filmography, 1940-1962. McFarland, 2015. External links 1916 births 1992 deaths British film editors", "title": "Raymond Poulton" }, { "docid": "1645263", "text": "Ted Moore, (7 August 1914 – 1987) was a South African-British cinematographer known for his work on seven of the James Bond films in the 1960s and early 1970s. He won the Academy Award for Best Cinematography for his work on Fred Zinnemann's A Man for All Seasons, and two BAFTA Awards for Best Cinematography for A Man for All Seasons and From Russia with Love. Biography Born in South Africa, Moore moved to Great Britain at age sixteen, where from 1942 he served in the Royal Air Force during World War II. As a qualified pilot, he flew as a cameraman in DH Mosquitoes with the \"Pinewood Military Film Unit\" filming its bomber operations. During the war, he joined the film unit and began honing his craft. After serving as a camera operator on such films as The African Queen, and the Irving Allen and Albert R. Broccoli's Warwick Films The Red Beret, Hell Below Zero, and The Black Knight, he was given the cinematography job for 1956's High Flight, set among a familiar scene for Moore, the Royal Air Force. He worked on other Warwick Films, such as Cockleshell Heroes, Zarak, Johnny Nobody and No Time to Die as well as its high-minded 1960 production The Trials of Oscar Wilde. In 1962, Broccoli and director Terence Young chose him as the cinematographer for an adaptation of Ian Fleming's Dr. No. Moore made another six Bond films; From Russia with Love (for which he won a BAFTA award), Goldfinger, and Thunderball. Moore also photographed Eon Productions film Call Me Bwana, and when Sean Connery left the film series, Moore was cinematographer on Shalako. He returned to Eon Productions for Diamonds Are Forever, Live and Let Die, and portions of The Man with the Golden Gun, on which he was replaced due to illness by Oswald Morris. In addition, Moore won a BAFTA and an Oscar for his camerawork for A Man for All Seasons, becoming the first South African to win an Academy Award. He also worked on The Day of the Triffids, The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie, The Golden Voyage of Sinbad, Orca, and Clash of the Titans. Moore died in 1987. Filmography April in Portugal (1954) A Prize of Gold (1955) The Gamma People (1955) Odongo (1956) Zarak (1957) Interpol (1957) How to Murder a Rich Uncle (1957) High Flight (1957) No Time to Die (1958) The Man Inside (1958) Idol on Parade (1959) The Bandit of Zhobe (1959) Killers of Kilimanjaro (1959) Jazz Boat (1960) Let's Get Married (1960) The Trials of Oscar Wilde (1960) In the Nick (1960) Johnny Nobody (1961) The Hellions (1961) Mix Me a Person (1962) Dr. No (1962) The Day of the Triffids (1962) Nine Hours to Rama (1963) Call Me Bwana (1963) From Russia with Love (1963) Goldfinger (1964) The Amorous Adventures of Moll Flanders (1965) Thunderball (1965) A Man for All Seasons (1966) The Last Safari (1967) Prudence and the Pill (1968) Shalako (1968) The Prime of Miss", "title": "Ted Moore" }, { "docid": "32869402", "text": "James Bond: Live And Let Die is a video game loosely based on the 1973 James Bond film Live and Let Die. The game was released by Domark for the Amiga, Atari ST, Amstrad CPC, Commodore 64, MS-DOS, and ZX Spectrum in 1988. Live and Let Die is a racing game in which the player navigates James Bond driving a modified speedboat. It did not start as a Bond game, being a rebranding after Domark saw Elite Systems working on a game named Aquablast, and thought the boat driving and fighting of said title resembled the speedboat chase of Live and Let Die. References External links MI6 :: James Bond 007 Video Games - Live and Let Die Movie Game Database - Live and Let Die 1988 video games Amiga games Amstrad CPC games Atari ST games Commodore 64 games Domark games Elite Systems games James Bond video games Single-player video games Video games developed in the United Kingdom Video games scored by Mark Cooksey ZX Spectrum games", "title": "Live and Let Die (video game)" }, { "docid": "2634851", "text": "A pimpmobile is a large luxury vehicle, usually a 1960s, 1970s or 1980s-model Lincoln, Cadillac, Buick or Chrysler vehicle, that has been customized in a garish, extravagant and kitsch or campy style. The style is largely an American phenomenon. Aftermarket features or modifications such as headlight covers, hood ornaments, expensive stereo systems, unusual paint colors, and shag carpet interiors were used by car owners to advertise their wealth and importance. Once considered a pejorative, these customized vehicles were popular with pimps, drug dealers, and gang leaders in the ghettos of large cities of the United States in the late 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, especially New York City, Kansas City, Chicago, Oakland and Los Angeles as a symbol of their wealth and power. By the 1990s and 2000s, pimpmobiles included any large, extravagantly customized vehicle, including foreign makes such as Mercedes Benz, Infiniti, Lexus, BMW, Range Rovers, Porsche, Jaguar, Bentleys, Audi and Volvo as well as SUVs and trucks. History Pimpmobiles became part of popular culture when they were depicted in 1970s blaxploitation films that targeted the urban black audience with black actors and soundtracks of funk and soul music. Blaxploitation films tend to take place in the ghetto, dealing with pimps and drug dealers, often with stereotyped depiction of blacks. Heavily-customized pimpmobiles appeared in blaxploitation films such as Super Fly, The Mack, and Willie Dynamite as well as mainstream films like Magnum Force, D.C. Cab, Escape from New York, and the James Bond movie Live and Let Die. In the 2000s, they appeared in the 2002 comedies Austin Powers in Goldmember and Undercover Brother. The conversions became popular with Americans of all races, and several companies manufactured kits to convert late-model cars to pimpmobiles. The most popular cars for this customization were Cadillacs and Lincolns, especially the Cadillac Eldorado and Lincoln Continental produced between 1971 and 1978. However, lower luxury models such as Chryslers, Buicks and Oldsmobiles were also common. The cars used for these conversions were originally targeted at well-to-do retirees who wanted a large luxury vehicle; however, with the \"pimpmobile\" conversions, the cars came to signify menace, mystique, and glamor. One notable exception is the \"Corvorado\" used in the movie Live and Let Die, which was a Chevrolet Corvette C3 with Eldorado body panels. Conversion was done by custom car shops across the country such as George Barris, E & G Classics and Auto Gard, Inc., as well as many smaller shops. A well-known pimpmobile fabricator was Les Dunham of Dunham Coachworks in Boonton, New Jersey. Les built the cars in Super Fly, as well as the \"Corvorado\" and the Cadillac Fleetwood in the James Bond film. A pimpmobile was referenced in William DeVaughn's song \"Be Thankful for What You Got\": \"Diamond in the back, sunroof top, diggin' the scene with a gangsta lean. Gangsta whitewalls, TV antennas in the back.\" Customization Typically, a pimpmobile conversion includes such items as round headlight covers (commonly known as \"Superfly\" headlights), grille caps, a 1941 \"goddess\"-style hood ornament, \"Lake pipes\", thick", "title": "Pimpmobile" }, { "docid": "156644", "text": "Die Another Day is a 2002 spy film and the twentieth film in the James Bond series produced by Eon Productions. It was directed by Lee Tamahori, produced by Michael G. Wilson and Barbara Broccoli, and written by Neal Purvis and Robert Wade. The fourth and final film starring Pierce Brosnan as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond, it was also the only film to feature John Cleese as Q, and the last with Samantha Bond as Miss Moneypenny. It is also the first film since Live and Let Die (1973) not to feature Desmond Llewelyn as Q as he died three years earlier. Halle Berry co-stars as NSA agent Giacinta \"Jinx\" Johnson, the Bond girl. It follows Bond as he attempts to locate a traitor in British intelligence who betrayed him and a British billionaire who is later revealed to be connected to a North Korean operative whom Bond seemingly killed. It is an original story, although it takes influence from Bond creator Ian Fleming's novels Moonraker (1955) and The Man with the Golden Gun (1965), as well as Kingsley Amis's novel, Colonel Sun. Die Another Day marked the James Bond franchise's 40th anniversary. The film includes references to each of the preceding films. It received mixed reviews; some critics praised Tamahori's direction, but others criticized its reliance on CGI, product placement and its unoriginal plot, as well as the villain. Nevertheless, it was the highest-grossing James Bond film up to that time. Plot MI6 agent James Bond infiltrates a North Korean military base where Colonel Tan-Sun Moon is trading weapons for African conflict diamonds. After Moon's right-hand man Zao receives notification of Bond's real identity, Moon attempts to kill Bond and a hovercraft chase ensues, ending with Moon's craft tumbling over a waterfall. Bond is captured by North Korean soldiers and imprisoned by the Colonel's father, General Moon. After fourteen months of captivity and torture at the hands of the Korean People's Army, Bond is traded for Zao in a prisoner exchange across the Bridge of No Return. He is sedated and taken to meet M, who informs him that his status as a 00 Agent has been suspended under suspicion of having leaked information under duress to the North Koreans. Bond is convinced that he has been set up by a double agent in the British government. After escaping MI6 custody, he finds himself in Hong Kong, where he learns from Chang, a Chinese agent and old colleague, that Zao is in Cuba. In Havana, Bond meets with NSA agent Giacinta \"Jinx\" Johnson, and follows her to a gene therapy clinic, where patients can have their appearances altered through DNA restructuring. Jinx kills Dr. Alvarez, the leader of the therapy, while Bond locates Zao inside the clinic and fights him. Zao escapes, leaving behind a pendant which leads Bond to a cache of conflict diamonds bearing the crest of the company owned by British billionaire Gustav Graves. Bond learns that Graves only appeared a year prior, apparently", "title": "Die Another Day" }, { "docid": "4721728", "text": "Roy Stewart (15 May 1925 – 27 October 2008) was a Jamaican-born British actor. He began his career as a stuntman and went on to work in film and television. In 1954 he founded Roy Stewart's Gym in Powis Square, North Kensington, and ran the Caribbean club and restaurant The Globe, in Talbot Road until his death. Stewart played Quarrel Junior in the James Bond film Live and Let Die (1973). Other film appearances include Carry On Up the Jungle (1970), Leo the Last (1970), Games That Lovers Play (1971), Twins of Evil (1971), Lady Caroline Lamb (1972), Stand Up, Virgin Soldiers (1977) and Arabian Adventure (1979). He was also active on television, with credits including: Out of the Unknown, Adam Adamant Lives!, Doctor Who (in the serials The Tomb of the Cybermen and Terror of the Autons), Doomwatch, Up Pompeii!, The Troubleshooters, Space: 1999 and I, Claudius. Early life One of seven brothers, Roy Stewart was born in Jamaica, and came to Britain in 1948 with aspirations of being a doctor. But either theatre or a television commercial changed that. Film and television career In a role, possibly his earliest, Stewart appeared in a television advert for Fry's Turkish Delight, playing a snake charmer. Later, he was an extra in films and did stunt work. He would become one of the top black actors and stuntmen in Britain. Film Possibly his earliest role was an uncredited one, playing a slave in the 1959 film, The Mummy. In 1973, he played the part of Quarrel Junior in the James Bond film Live and Let Die starring Roger Moore. Having not returned for many years to Jamaica where the film was being shot, Stewart suffered in the heat and couldn't believe the changes that had taken place over the years. One of his last roles in film was as Pomeroy in Dangerous Davies: The Last Detective, a 1981 made-for-television movie. Television He appeared in Doctor Who twice. He played Toberman in The Tomb of the Cybermen and Tony in Terror of the Autons. Television commercials Fry's Turkish Delight Surf washing powder Business interests Stewart ran a basement gymnasium at 32A Powis Square, Kensington, west London which was opened in 1954. It had the policy of allowing all races to train there. Some actors trained there too, one of them, David Prowse, a Commonwealth Games weightlifter in 1962, went on to play Darth Vader in the film Star Wars. The Gymnasium had a dual purpose. It was also an unofficial after-hours drinking club. By 1964, Stewart had been convicted four times for selling liquor without a licence. He also ran a nightclub in Bayswater. Jimi Hendrix, Van Morrison and Bob Marley were some of the patrons. The Globe In the 1960s he opened a Caribbean restaurant and bar called The Globe. The Globe, formerly Bajy's, was located at 103 Talbot Road. Jimi Hendrix was reportedly seen there the night before his death in September 1970. Stewart ran The Globe until he died", "title": "Roy Stewart" }, { "docid": "65073518", "text": "Salvador Dali's Tarot is a book by Rachel Pollack published in 1985. Contents Salvador Dali's Tarot is a book about the 78 paintings used for Salvador Dalí's deck of Tarot playing cards, published for him in 1984 by the card-printer Naipes Comas of Spain. The book features each painting reproduced in color on its own page. Dali began work on them in 1973 after a request from film producer Albert Broccoli for a prop for the James Bond film Live and Let Die. His wife Gala had an interest in the subject and may have encouraged him to undertake it. Broccoli rescinded his offer after Dali requested an excessive fee; the artist Fergus Hall produced the ones featured in the film. But Dali continued to work on his version, including his and Gala's faces in the deck, and the former James Bond, Sean Connery, instead of Roger Moore who appeared in that film. In his Surrealist style, many of the Tarot subjects were depicted as well-known classical paintings reimagined and with collage elements. Pollack had been introduced to Tarot in 1970, and had published Seventy-Eight Degrees of Wisdom, an interpretive guide, in 1980 and 1983. Reception Dave Langford reviewed Salvador Dali's Tarot for White Dwarf #71, and stated that \"I have no faith in fortune-telling, but the cabalistic symbolism is fascinating ... especially when refracted through the eye of a supremely dotty surrealist.\" References 1985 books Books about artists Books about tarot Salvador Dalí Tarot decks", "title": "Salvador Dali's Tarot" }, { "docid": "6223567", "text": "The Man with the Golden Gun is a 1974 spy film and the ninth in the James Bond series produced by Eon Productions, and the second to star Roger Moore as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond. A loose adaptation of Ian Fleming's posthumously published 1965 novel of the same name, the film has Bond sent after the Solex Agitator, a breakthrough technological solution to contemporary energy shortages, while facing the assassin Francisco Scaramanga, the \"Man with the Golden Gun\". The action culminates in a duel between them that settles the fate of the Solex. The Man with the Golden Gun was the fourth and final film in the series directed by Guy Hamilton. The script was written by Richard Maibaum and Tom Mankiewicz. The film was set in the face of the 1973 energy crisis, a dominant theme in the script; Britain had still not yet fully overcome the crisis when the film was released in December 1974. The film also reflects the then-popular martial arts film craze, with several kung fu scenes and a predominantly Asian location, being set and shot in Thailand, Hong Kong, and Macau. Part of the film is also set in Beirut, Lebanon, but it was not shot there. The film was met with mixed reviews, and some critics described it as the lowest point in the canon up to that time. Christopher Lee's portrayal of Scaramanga as a villain of similar skill and ability to Bond was praised, but reviewers criticised the film as a whole, particularly its comedic approach and the performances of Moore and Britt Ekland. Whilst profitable, the film is the fourth lowest-grossing in the series, and its relatively modest returns by comparison with those of Live and Let Die (1973) reportedly placed the continuation of the franchise in jeopardy. It was the last Bond film to be co-produced by Albert R. Broccoli and Harry Saltzman, with Saltzman selling his 50% stake in Danjaq, LLC, the parent company of Eon Productions, after the release of the film. Plot An American gangster, Rodney, visits famed crack shot hitman Francisco Scaramanga to kill him and collect a bounty, but he is directed into a funhouse section of the estate, where Scaramanga eventually retrieves his golden gun and kills him. In London, a golden bullet etched with '007' is received by MI6; it is believed to have been sent by Scaramanga, but because no one knows of his appearance outside of having a third nipple, M relieves Bond of his current mission involving the location of a solar energy scientist named Gibson. At a hint from Moneypenny, Bond sets out unofficially to locate Scaramanga, first by retrieving a spent golden bullet from a belly dancer in Beirut. He traces the bullet to a gun maker in Macau, and forces him to reveal how he ships the bullets. Bond follows the shipment carried to Hong Kong by Andrea Anders, Scaramanga's mistress. In her Peninsula Hotel room, he coerces her to expose information about Scaramanga,", "title": "The Man with the Golden Gun (film)" }, { "docid": "27993161", "text": "Glastron is a boat manufacturing company and was one of the first manufacturers of fiberglass boats. Glastron is owned by Rec Boat Holdings, a subsidiary of Groupe Beneteau. Bob Hammond, Bill Gaston, Bob Shoop, and Guy Woodard founded the company on October 14, 1956, in Austin, Texas. It was sold to Genmar Holdings in the 1990s and manufacturing was moved to Minnesota. Glastron is known for its boat hull design innovations, including the Aqualift and \"SSV\" hull designs, the latter of which is still in use today. Glastron's \"Glastonbury\" boats were featured in the James Bond films Live and Let Die and Moonraker. For Live and Let Die, a boat chase was filmed in Louisiana around the Irish Bayou area. Twenty-six boats were built by Glastron for the film, of which seventeen were destroyed during rehearsals. The speedboat jump scene over the bayou, filmed with the assistance of a specially-constructed ramp, unintentionally set a Guinness World Record at the time with cleared. The waves created by the impact caused the following boat to flip over. Jaws 3 also features several boats with the brand name on the sides. Boats Spirit 21 - sailboat References External links Current Company Web Site Classic Glastron Owners web site Glastron Yacht building companies American boat builders 1956 establishments in Texas American companies established in 1956 Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1956 Companies based in Minnesota Manufacturing companies based in Minnesota", "title": "Glastron" }, { "docid": "31763529", "text": "Lon Satton (born Alonzo Louis Lee Staton; February 11, 1927 – October 30, 2020) was an American singer and actor based in the United Kingdom. He is widely known for originating the role of Poppa in Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical Starlight Express, for which Satton received a 1984 Olivier Award nomination for Best Actor in a Musical. He is sometimes credited as Lonnie Sattin. Early life One of nine children, Satton was born in Jacksonville, Florida, in 1927, the son of Church of God in Christ minister C. T. Staton. His family moved to Philadelphia at an early age. Satton attended Temple University, and initially considered following in his father's footsteps as an evangelist, but developed an interest in entertainment after winning a singing contest. Career As a singer, Satton performed in many jazz clubs, and for a time was a vocalist under Earl Hines and the Cotton Club Revue. In Chicago, he joined a theatre troupe that saw him begin a career in Off-Broadway and Broadway theatre. He starred opposite Barbara McNair in the 1958 musical The Body Beautiful. He also recorded several records for Capitol Records. Satton made his film debut with an uncredited part in the B-movie The Human Duplicators (1965). He was the second actor to play Lt. Jack Neal on the soap opera One Life to Live. In the early 1970s, he relocated to the United Kingdom. He played a supporting role as a CIA agent in the James Bond film Live and Let Die (1973). In 1971, he acted in Emil Dean Zoghby and Ray Pohlman's musical Catch My Soul, at the Prince of Wales Theatre in London with Lance LeGault and Sylvia McNeill. The following year, Satton acted in The Threepenny Opera, at the same venue. In 1977, he acted in Loften Mitchell's musical Bubbling Brown Sugar in London. He sang the Henry Mancini-Leslie Bricusse song “Move ‘Em Out” in 1978’s Revenge of the Pink Panther. Arguably his best known role was as Ramblin' Poppa McCoy in Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical Starlight Express, which satton continuously played from the show's opening in 1984 until 1996. His performance earned him an Olivier Award nomination for an Best Actor in a Musical. Personal life Satton had two children with his wife, actress Tina Sattin. His cousin was jazz singer Dakota Staton. Filmography Film 1968: For Love of Ivy - Harry 1970: The Invincible Six - Mike 1970: Hello-Goodbye - Cole Strutter 1971: Welcome to the Club - Marshall Bowles 1972: Steptoe and Son - Pianist 1973: Live and Let Die - Harold Strutter 1978: Revenge of the Pink Panther - Sam Spade and the Private Eyes #1 1990: The March - Jack Harris Television 1969: One Life to Live - Lieutenant Jack Neal 1975: Space 1999 - Benjamin Ouma (1 episode) 1975: Quiller - Jim Lane (2 episodes) 1994: The Lenny Henry Show - Chief of police (1 episode) References External links * 1929 births 2020 deaths African-American male actors African-American male singers American expatriate", "title": "Lon Satton" }, { "docid": "38730512", "text": "Carver is a surname which came to England after the Norman Conquest. The name came from the Norman French Caruier, which either derived from the Gallo-Roman Carrucarius, or from the Gaulish word Carrum meaning 'wagon' or 'cart'. Notable people with the surname include: Bob Carver, American physicist and audio equipment designer Caroline Carver (actress) (born 1976), English actress Caroline Carver (author) (born 1959), thriller writer Catharine Carver (1921–1997), American-British publisher's editor Dante Carver (born 1977), American actor Doris Carver, American computer scientist Frank G. Carver (1928–2017), biblical Greek scholar and translator of the New American Standard Bible George Carver (academic) (1888–1949), American professor of English and author George Carver (cricketer) (1879–1912), English cricketer George Washington Carver (1864–1943), American botanist and inventor Jeffrey Carver (born 1949), American science fiction author Jesse Carver (1911–2003), English football player and manager James Carver, British politician John Carver (footballer) (born 1965), English football coach John Carver (Mayflower Pilgrim) (–1621), first governor of Plymouth Colony (Massachusetts) Jonathan Carver (1710–1780), American explorer Karl Carver (born 1996), British cricketer Lisa Crystal Carver (born 1968), writer and artist Lynne Carver (1916-1955), American actress Martin Carver (born 1941), English archaeologist Mary Carver (1924–2013), American actress Michael Carver, Baron Carver (1915–2001), British soldier and Chief of the General Staff Randall Carver (born 1946), American actor Raymond Carver (1938–1988), American short story writer and poet Richard Carver (architect) Robert Carver (composer), Scottish composer Robert Carver (painter) (–1791), Irish painter Roy James Carver (1909-1981), American philanthropist and businessman Steve Carver (1945–2021), American film director, producer, and photographer Thomas Nixon Carver (1865–1961), American economist Walter Buckingham Carver (1879–1961), American mathematician and educator Fictional characters Antimony Carver, the protagonist of the 2005 webcomic Gunnerkrigg Court Elliot Carver, the villain in the James Bond film Tomorrow Never Dies Ellis Carver, a police officer in HBO drama The Wire Holden Carver, character in the comic book series Sleeper Jack Carver, protagonist in the first-person shooter game Far Cry Jason Carver, the antagonist in Netflix tv series Stranger Things Jim Carver, a police officer in long-running British police drama The Bill Noah Carver, Blue Ranger of Power Rangers Megaforce & Super Megaforce. Paris Carver, wife to the villain in the James Bond film Tomorrow Never Dies Rex Carver, British private eye in books by Victor Canning Ron Carver, a fictional ADA appearing in Law & Order: Criminal Intent Rosie Carver, a character in the James Bond film Live and Let Die Rubin Carver, a character from road comedy film Road Trip William (Bill) Carver, a character from the video game The Walking Dead: Season Two Zeus Carver, a black activist and John McClane's partner in the film Die Hard with a Vengeance References", "title": "Carver (surname)" }, { "docid": "15461693", "text": "John Cork is an American author, screenwriter, and documentary film director and producer. Career An avid James Bond fan, Cork has produced, written (along with Bruce Scivally), and directed more than thirty documentaries for MGM's releases of the James Bond films on DVD, Blu-ray, and streaming platforms. As an author, he and Scivally have written the biographies of Ian Fleming, Cubby Broccoli, and Harry Saltzman. Collectively, they have conducted over one hundred and fifty interviews with the creative talents behind the 007 films. They also contributed to The Ultimate James Bond: An Interactive Dossier, a CD-ROM for MGM Interactive. Cork serves as president of the multi-media production company Cloverland; the company has produced multiple feature-length documentaries and over 300 short documentaries since 1999, many of them \"making of\" featurettes on classic films for DVD, Blu-ray and digital video releases. In 2002, Cork and Bruce Scivally wrote the book James Bond: The Legacy which documents the history of the James Bond legacy as well as importance in popular culture, global affairs and current events from the time it started up until present time. In 2003, John Cork also co-wrote the book Bond Girls Are Forever: The Women of James Bond with actress Maryam d'Abo. With Collin Stutz, Cork co-authored The James Bond Encyclopedia, first published in 2007, updated in 2009, and 2014. Cork wrote and directed the documentary, \"You Belong to Me: Sex, Race, and Murder in the South\" for producers Judith Hagin, Kitty Potapow, and Hilary Saltzman, delving into the murder of the white Dr. LeRoy Adams by the black woman, Ruby McCollum in Live Oak, Florida in 1952. The film played in festivals in 2014 and was released on video and streaming platforms in 2015. In 2017, Penguin Random House and Ian Fleming Publications asked Cork to write new introductions to three of the original James Bond novels, Casino Royale, Live and Let Die, and Goldfinger. Cork is also a member of The Ian Fleming Foundation, a group dedicated to the study of Ian Fleming and his works. Screenwriting Cork, who is a screenwriter, has penned the civil rights drama, The Long Walk Home, starring Sissy Spacek and Whoopi Goldberg, and has written screenplays for many major film studios. Bruce Scivally has worked for several motion picture production companies, co-edited The Special Effects and Stunts Guide, and was the Production Coordinator for the 2001 Academy Awards Show. Both authors live in Los Angeles. In addition, in 2007, for the release of the Spider-Man 2.1 DVD, Cork and Bruce Scivally wrote and compiled the Spidey Sense 2.1-trivia track, a closed captioning feature on Disc 1 of the DVD, which includes integrated pop-ups that provides information about the Spider-Man actors, directors, production, comic books and Spider-Man legacy. The feature is available via closed captioning that plays during the course of key scenes throughout the film. Personal life John Cork was born in Montgomery, Ala. He currently splits his time between Florida and California. He was married to singer Nicole Dillenberg from", "title": "John Cork" }, { "docid": "11181945", "text": "From Russia with Love is the soundtrack for the second James Bond film, From Russia With Love. This is the first series film with John Barry as the primary soundtrack composer. John Barry, arranger of Monty Norman's \"James Bond Theme\" for Dr. No, would be the dominant Bond series composer for most of its history and the inspiration for fellow series composer, David Arnold (who uses cues from this soundtrack in his own for Tomorrow Never Dies). The theme song was composed by Lionel Bart of Oliver! fame and sung by Matt Monro. Production Following the decision of the producers not to use Monty Norman, though keeping his \"James Bond Theme\", Harry Saltzman decided on using the then popular Lionel Bart of Oliver! fame. Bart was unable to read or write music, but he offered to compose the music and lyrics for a title song to the film. The producers chose John Barry to score the film. Barry had not only arranged and conducted the \"James Bond Theme\" from the previous film, but had already scored some films such as Beat Girl and Never Let Go. Barry's group also charted at 13 in the November 1962 UK charts with a different arrangement of the Bond theme from that heard in the film. The title song was sung by Matt Monro. Monro's vocal version is played during the film (as source music on a radio) and properly over the film's end titles. The title credit music is a lively instrumental version of the tune preceded by a brief Barry-composed \"James Bond Is Back\" then segueing into the \"James Bond Theme\". On the original film soundtrack, Alan Haven played a jazzy organ over the theme but this version was not released on the soundtrack album. The tune also appears in a soft string arrangement as a theme for Tania. In Germany, the original release featured an end title track cover version called Die Wolga ist Weit sung by Ruthe Berlé. Originally planning to use local Turkish music as Norman had used Jamaican music on Dr. No, Barry accompanied the film crew to Istanbul, however he found nothing suitable for the film. Recalling his visit to Istanbul, John Barry said, \"It was like no place I'd ever been in my life. [The Trip] was supposedly to seep up the music, so Noel Rogers and I used to go 'round to these nightclubs and listen to all this stuff. We had the strangest week, and really came away with nothing, except a lot of ridiculous stories. We went back, talked to Lionel, and then he wrote 'From Russia with Love.'' Album and cover versions The soundtrack's original recordings are thought to be lost and did not appear when the Bond soundtrack albums were issued in remastered form on CD. The album is different from the film with the album's recording of the main titles sounding slower and not featuring the organ played by Alan Haven. Several tracks on the album do not appear in", "title": "From Russia with Love (soundtrack)" }, { "docid": "987006", "text": "George Clifton James (May 29, 1920 – April 15, 2017) was an American actor known for roles as a prison floorwalker in Cool Hand Luke (1967), Sheriff J.W. Pepper alongside Roger Moore in the James Bond films Live and Let Die (1973) and The Man with the Golden Gun (1974), the sheriff in Silver Streak (1976), a Texas tycoon in The Bad News Bears in Breaking Training (1977), and the owner of the scandalous 1919 Chicago White Sox baseball team in Eight Men Out (1988). Early life James was born in Spokane, Washington, the son of Grace (née Dean), a teacher, and Harry James, a journalist. He grew up in Oregon in the Gladstone area of Clackamas County. James was a decorated World War II United States Army veteran. He served as an infantry platoon sergeant with Co. \"A\" 163rd Infantry, 41st Division. He served forty-two months in the South Pacific from January 1942 until August 1945. His decorations include the Silver Star, Bronze Star, and two Purple Hearts. Career James became well known for playing the comic-relief role of Louisiana Sheriff J.W. Pepper in the James Bond films Live and Let Die (1973) and The Man With The Golden Gun (1974). He played very similar characters in both Silver Streak (1976) and Superman II (1980). Years earlier he portrayed a serious character in The Reivers (1969), opposite Steve McQueen, playing a mean, corrupt country sheriff. Two years earlier he had portrayed a hard-nosed Southern prison floor-walker in Cool Hand Luke (1967). In Juggernaut (1974) he portrayed one of the first passengers aboard a luxury liner to realize there was a serious problem with the ship. James portrayed the district attorney who prosecuted Al Capone in the film The Untouchables (1987). He played a Navy master-at-arms in The Last Detail (1973), starring Jack Nicholson, and Chicago White Sox baseball team owner Charles Comiskey in Eight Men Out (1988), a drama about the corrupt 1919 Chicago White Sox. Despite being born in the Northwest and spending much of his life in New York (where he was an Actors Studio member of long standing), James was cast as a Southerner in many of his screen roles, such as his appearances in the James Bond films, and as powerful Houston lawyer Striker Bellman in the daytime soap opera Texas from 1981 to 1982. In 1966, he guest-starred as Tenner Jackson, a successful poker player later killed for his winnings in the episode “The Wrong Man” (alongside Carroll O’Connor) on the TV Western Gunsmoke (S12E7). James again portrayed a Southern character when he played Sheriff Lester Crabb, a temporary one-off replacement for regular Sheriff Rosco P. Coltrane (James Best) in the second-season Dukes of Hazzard episode \"Treasure of Hazzard\" (1980). He appeared on 13 episodes of the sitcom Lewis & Clark in 1981–1982. Other television credits include the 1976 private-eye drama City of Angels and the miniseries Captains and the Kings (1976). He appeared in two episodes of The A-Team: as murderous prison warden", "title": "Clifton James" }, { "docid": "1258101", "text": "Peter Roger Hunt (11 March 1925 – 14 August 2002) was a British director, editor and producer of film and television, best known for his work on the James Bond film series, first as an editor and then as a second unit director. He finally served as director for On Her Majesty's Secret Service. His work on the series helped pioneer an innovative, fast-cutting editing style. Biography As an infantryman, Hunt served in Salerno, Italy, in 1943. After undertaking several forms of employment, Hunt worked as an assistant cutter for Alexander Korda, before working as an assembling editor on The Man Who Watched Trains Go By. After several B-movies, he served as the supervising editor on A Hill in Korea. The following year, Hunt edited The Admirable Crichton (directed and co-written by Lewis Gilbert), becoming good friends with John Glen. Hunt continued his collaboration with Gilbert on films such as Ferry to Hong Kong and Sink the Bismarck!. In the 1960s, Hunt signed on as an editor on the first James Bond film, Dr. No (1962), and he edited From Russia with Love (1963) and Goldfinger (1964). On those three films, Hunt developed an editing technique in which he utilized quick cutting, allowing camera swings during action and inserts interleaving other elements. He also worked with Harry Saltzman and Albert R. Broccoli on the Bob Hope film Call Me Bwana (1963), and with Saltzman and a few other Bond veterans on the non-Eon thriller The IPCRESS File (1965). Call Me Bwana was the only film produced by the James Bond production company Eon Productions that was not a Bond film until 2014. After editing Thunderball (1965), Hunt asked to direct You Only Live Twice (1967) but was passed over in favor of Lewis Gilbert. Although Hunt initially quit in protest, Broccoli and Saltzman persuaded him to stay as second unit director on the understanding that he would be promoted to director in a future Eon film. Saltzman and Broccoli were impressed with his quick cutting skills and felt he had set the style for the series. Hunt directed the \"Little Nellie\" sequence of the film. When Gilbert passed on the opportunity to direct On Her Majesty's Secret Service (1969), Broccoli and Saltzman selected Hunt as director. Hunt also asked for the position during the production of Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (1968), and he brought along with him many crew members, including cinematographer Michael Reed and editor John Glen. Hunt was concerned to put his mark on the production – \"I wanted it to be different than any other Bond film would be. It was my film, not anyone else's.\" On Her Majesty's Secret Service was the last James Bond film on which Hunt worked. Hunt was asked to direct numerous other Eon Bond films — including Live and Let Die, The Spy Who Loved Me, and For Your Eyes Only — but always declined. In 1971, Hunt directed episodes of The Persuaders! with Bond star, Roger Moore; he also directed", "title": "Peter R. Hunt" }, { "docid": "60912", "text": "Q is a character in the James Bond films and novelisations. Q is the head of Q Branch (later Q Division), the fictional research and development division of the British Secret Service charged with oversight of top secret field technologies. Q (standing for quartermaster), like M, is a job title rather than a name. The use of letters as pseudonyms for senior officers in the British Secret Service was started by its first director, Captain Sir Mansfield George Smith-Cumming (1859–1923), who signed himself with a C written in green ink. Q has appeared in 22 of the 25 Eon Productions James Bond films, the exceptions being Live and Let Die (1973), Casino Royale (2006) and Quantum of Solace (2008). Q also featured in both non-Eon Bond films, Casino Royale (1967) and Never Say Never Again (1983). Between 1963 and 1999, Q was portrayed in the Eon films by Desmond Llewelyn until his death in late 1999. He was played in subsequent films by John Cleese and Ben Whishaw. Novels The character Q never appears in the novels by the author Ian Fleming, where Q and the Q Branch are only mentioned; however, Q does appear in the novelisations by Christopher Wood as well as the later novels by John Gardner and Raymond Benson, who adopted Eon's decision to combine the character with Major Boothroyd, the armourer from Dr. No. In John Gardner's novels, the post of Q is taken over by Ann Reilly (called Q'ute by her colleagues). She also forms a relationship with Bond. It is supposed that she held the post for a short while only, because Raymond Benson's novels return Boothroyd to the post without explanation. Jeffrey Deaver's Carte Blanche introduces the character Sanu Hirani, who is referred to as 'Q' in that novel. Charles Fraser-Smith is widely credited as the inspiration for Q due to the spy gadgets he built for the Special Operations Executive. These were called Q-devices, after the Royal Navy's World War I Q-ships. In the Fleming novels there are frequent references to Q and Q Branch with phrases like \"see Q for any equipment you need\" (Casino Royale) and \"Q Branch would handle all of that\" (Diamonds Are Forever), with a reference to \"Q's craftsmen\" in From Russia, with Love. Major Boothroyd In the sixth novel, Dr. No, the service armourer Major Boothroyd appears for the first time. Fleming named the character after Geoffrey Boothroyd, a firearms expert who lived in Glasgow, who had written to the novelist suggesting that Bond was not using the best firearms available. Ann Reilly Boothroyd is also referenced occasionally in the Bond novels of John Gardner, but the author preferred instead to focus on a new character, Ann Reilly, who is introduced in the first Gardner novel, Licence Renewed, and promptly dubbed \"Q'ute\" by Bond. Films Major Boothroyd appears in Dr. No and in the script of From Russia with Love. Desmond Llewelyn stated that, although he was credited as playing \"Major Boothroyd\" in the latter", "title": "Q (James Bond)" }, { "docid": "1093464", "text": "Julius W. Harris (August 17, 1923 – October 17, 2004) was an American actor who appeared in more than 70 movies and numerous television series in a career that spanned four decades. Harris is best known for his roles in 1970s films such as Live and Let Die and the blaxploitation films Super Fly, Black Caesar and Hell Up in Harlem. Early life and career Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to a dancer mother and musician father, Harris worked as a nurse, and a bouncer in New York City jazz clubs. Before he began his acting career, Harris served as a medic in the United States Army during World War II. After hanging out with many struggling actors, he took a dare and auditioned for his first role and was cast as the father in Nothing But a Man, a critically acclaimed 1964 film about black life in the South starring Ivan Dixon and Abbey Lincoln. Some of his most prominent roles included the villainous, steel-armed Tee Hee in the James Bond film Live and Let Die, Scatter in Super Fly, Bubbletop Woodson in Let's Do It Again, Captain Bollin in Shaft's Big Score, Inspector Daniels in The Taking of Pelham One Two Three, Joseph in Islands in the Stream and Ugandan President Idi Amin in the TV movie Victory at Entebbe. He also appeared in Trouble Man, King Kong, Black Caesar, Hell Up in Harlem, Friday Foster, Shrunken Heads, Harley Davidson and the Marlboro Man and in guest-starring roles on Sanford and Son, Good Times, and Love Boat among others. Harris was a member of the Negro Ensemble Company in New York City and appeared on Broadway in the Pulitzer Prize-winning play, No Place to Be Somebody. Death On October 17, 2004, Harris died of heart failure while admitted at Motion Picture and Television Hospital, aged 81. Harris was cremated and interred in Philadelphia, his place of birth. At the time of his death, Harris was survived by his two children; his daughter Kimberly and his son Gideon. Filmography References External links 1923 births 2004 deaths Male actors from Philadelphia United States Army personnel of World War II African-American male actors American male film actors American male stage actors American male television actors 20th-century American male actors 20th-century African-American people 21st-century African-American people", "title": "Julius Harris" }, { "docid": "10680197", "text": "The Man with the Golden Gun is the soundtrack for the ninth James Bond film of the same name. The theme tune was performed by Lulu, composed by John Barry - returning to the series after a one film absence (George Martin had scored the preceding film Live and Let Die), and the lyrics to the song were written by Don Black. Alice Cooper claims his song \"Man with the Golden Gun\" was to be used by the film's producers until it was dropped for Lulu's song instead. Cooper's song appears on the album Muscle of Love. Barry considered the theme tune – the only Bond film title track not to chart as a single in either the UK or U.S. – and score to be among the weakest of his contributions to the series: \"It's the one I hate most... it just never happened for me.\" Certainly the title song is notable for having suggestive lyrics, and during a TV celebration for the series' 40th anniversary, Lulu's performance was introduced with reference to its being the raunchiest of all Bond songs. For the first time, the song's end theme is not a straight reprise of the opener, as it begins with different lyrics (subsequent films followed suit with variations in arrangement, ahead of a new practice of using a different song altogether). Some Bond music fans consider Lulu's brassy vocal to be effective in setting the tone for the film's female characters. Barry's score for the film has stylistic similarities to that of Diamonds Are Forever - which had marked a gradual transition away from the heavy horn based sound of his 1960s Bond scores to a smoother, string based sound. The film was also the first to drop the distinctive plucked guitar from the Bond theme heard over the gun barrel sequence - in all subsequent John Barry James Bond scores, this theme would be heard on strings and trumpet. Not present on the album but heard in the film is a brief reprise, for recognition purposes, of the song \"Live and Let Die\" when a character (Sheriff JW Pepper) from the previous film reappears. The next three Bond films would wittily feature excerpts from the familiar music of other films, too (though classics rather than Bond films), while On Her Majesty's Secret Service had included a janitor character whistling the theme from Goldfinger as an in-joke. The popular song \"Mindfields\" by The Prodigy (released on The Fat of the Land) features a specific part of \"Hip's Trip\". Barry gave the band permission to do so. Track listing Composer, except as noted, is John Barry. \"The Man with the Golden Gun (Main Title)\" (J. Barry/D. Black) – Lulu \"Scaramanga's Fun House\" \"Chew Me in Grisly Land\" \"The Man with the Golden Gun (Jazz Instrumental)\" \"Getting the Bullet\" \"Goodnight Goodnight\" \"Let's Go Get 'Em\" \"Hip's Trip\" \"Kung Fu Fight\" \"In Search of Scaramanga's Island\" \"Return to Scaramanga's Fun House\" \"The Man With the Golden Gun (End Title)\" (J. Barry/D.", "title": "The Man with the Golden Gun (soundtrack)" }, { "docid": "48744685", "text": "\"Everything or Nothing\" is a song by the American recording artist Mýa. It was written by Ron Fair, Randy Bugnitz and Mýa and recorded for the 2003 James Bond third-person shooter video game James Bond 007: Everything or Nothing, released for the PlayStation 2, Xbox and GameCube consoles. Published by Electronic Arts, the game features the likeness and voice from Mýa who portrays the character Mýa Starling, an NSA double agent who aids Bond in dealing with the use of nanotechnology as terrorism. \"Everything or Nothing\" was released as a promotional single in support of the game's official release. A jazz version, also produced by Fair, was performed by Mýa on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno in late 2004. Background In 2001, video game developer Electronic Arts approached Mýa to be involved in its James Bond franchise. While she expected to be relegated to composing the theme song to the game or providing background music, EA saw her role as broader than that when they asked her to star as a central character named Mýa Starling, an NSA agent posing as a jazz singer opposite the former James Bond actor Pierce Brosnan. The title of the song and game are based on EON Productions, the production company behind all of the James Bond films. Writing and recording \"Everything or Nothing\" was written by Mýa, Bugnitz and frequent collaborator Fair, while production was overseen by the latter. Mixing of the track was provided by Ben Grosse. EA asked the singer to record a song which would also work in a jazz club as \"Everything or Nothing\" was expected to be used in a similar environment in a video game sequence. Commenting on the result, Mýa said, \"It fit together. It's not like Mya, recording artist, separate and apart from [the game]. It's actually a song that the agent sings within the game. So I get to be myself a little as well as play a character and sing as the character.\" The first jazz song she ever wrote, Mýa considered writing a Bond theme an opportunity to be a writer \"outside of Mýa\" as she felt the track marked a breakaway from the concrete and solid coming from a personal experience that she had frequently used on previous records. \"'Everything Or Nothing' can mean so many things and the definition and links can be infinite\", she said. \"So in the lyric writing process there was everything from the analogy between cars and keys versus just relationships or some of the top R&B clichés, you know, when I'm writing my own songs.\" Fair produced three different versions of \"Everything or Nothing\", including the synthesizer–driven main version, a jazz edition and a techno remix. While familiar with the classic Bond songs such as Shirley Bassey's \"Goldfinger\", Paul McCartney's \"Live and Let Die\" and Carly Simon's \"Nobody Does It Better\", Mýa did not immerse herself with the songs that were accompanying the Bond films, though she researched for the techno version of \"Everything", "title": "Everything or Nothing (song)" }, { "docid": "1406966", "text": "Peter Curtis Lamont (12 November 1929 – 18 December 2020) was a British set decorator, art director, and production designer most noted for his collaborations with filmmaker James Cameron, and for working on eighteen James Bond films, from Goldfinger (1964) to Casino Royale (2006). The only Bond film that he did not work on during that period was Tomorrow Never Dies (1997), as he was working on Cameron's Titanic (1997) at the time. He also worked extensively as a set dresser on the Carry On series in the 1960s. Throughout his near 60-year career, Lamont was nominated for four Academy Awards for his work on Fiddler on the Roof (1971), The Spy Who Loved Me (1977), Aliens (1986), and Titanic (1997), winning for the latter film. His memoir, The Man With the Golden Eye: Designing the James Bond Films, was published in 2016.<ref>'[https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/554253/the-man-with-the-golden-eye-designing-the-james-bond-films-by-peter-lamont/ 'The Man With the Golden Eye, Penguin Random House (2016)]</ref> James Bond series DraftsmanGoldfinger (1964) (uncredited) Set decoratorThunderball (1965) (uncredited)You Only Live Twice (1967)On Her Majesty's Secret Service (1969)Diamonds Are Forever (1971) Art directorLive and Let Die (1973)The Man with the Golden Gun (1974)The Spy Who Loved Me (1977)Moonraker (1979) — Visual effects Production designer James Bond 007For Your Eyes Only (1981)Octopussy (1983)A View to a Kill (1985)The Living Daylights (1987)Licence to Kill (1989)GoldenEye (1995)The World Is Not Enough (1999)Die Another Day (2002)Casino Royale (2006) Works with James CameronAliens (1986)True Lies (1994)Titanic (1997) Selected other filmographyChitty Chitty Bang Bang (1968) — Assistant set directorFiddler on the Roof (1971) — Set decoratorEve of Destruction (1991) — Production designerWing Commander'' (1999) — Production designer References External links British Film Designers Guild English art directors Best Art Direction Academy Award winners 1929 births 2020 deaths British film designers British set decorators", "title": "Peter Lamont" }, { "docid": "61308141", "text": "Ross William Heilman (June 7, 1945 – January 30, 1978), better known as Ross Kananga, was a crocodile farm owner and stunt man, best known for his appearance in the 1973 James Bond movie Live and Let Die. Early life Ross Kananga was born on June 7, 1945, in Lorain, Ohio, as Ross William Heilman. He was born to restaurateurs Hubert Ross Heilman and Dorothy Lane Heilman, who were owners of Heilman's Restaurants Inc. in Fort Lauderdale. Kananga claimed part Seminole heritage and changed his name at an early age. After graduating from Fort Lauderdale High School, Kananga joined the U.S. Marines. Following his service, Ross visited South America where it was reported he became a \"big game hunter\". Kananga had been living in Florida when, in 1969, he left the country for Jamaica. Kananga established a crocodile farm in of virgin mangrove territory in Falmouth. By late 1970, with the help of locals whom he befriended, Kananga opened the Jamaica Swamp Safari. It featured hundreds of American crocodiles, three American alligators, a python, a pair of lions, and a chimpanzee. Kananga had a particularly close relationship with a pair of black leopards whom he named Angel and Satan. Kananga oversaw daily shows where locals and tourists would watch him play with the leopards and lions and wrestle the crocodiles and alligators. Live and Let Die In 1972, whilst searching for a suitable location for the James Bond film Live and Let Die, location scouts were intrigued by a sign which read, \"Trespassers Will Be Eaten\". After meeting with Kananga, they were convinced the Swamp Safari should be used as part of the fictional San Monique. The charismatic Kananga inspired screenplay writer Tom Mankiewicz to name the film's main Bond villain, Dr. Kananga. In the film, he is played by Yaphet Kotto. Kananga suggested the stunt of Bond (played by Roger Moore) jumping on crocodiles, and was enlisted by the producers to perform it. The scene required five takes to complete, including one in which the last crocodile snapped at Kananga's heel, tearing his trousers and causing him a number of injuries. One required 193 stitches. Kananga was paid $60,000 for his contribution. Further work Kananga appeared in the 1970 movie Devil Rider! as a motorcycle rider. He featured in Little Laura and Big John, a 1973 feature film about the exploits of the Ashley gang in the Florida Everglades in the 1910s and 1920s. He worked as a stuntman in the 1973 movie Papillon, which was also shot on location at the Swamp Safari. Later life and death Kananga returned to live in South Florida in 1976. He trained wild animals at the Seminole Indian Village in Broward County. The same year, various news reports described Kananga being attacked by his male leopard Satan, and how he was saved by 19-year-old Brenda Surles, who was forced to shoot the animal on Kananga’s orders. Surles only wounded the animal. Kananga killed the animal before collapsing. Surles was also required to", "title": "Ross Kananga" }, { "docid": "3485746", "text": "Kubi Chaza Indi is a Zimbabwean development activist and businesswoman. Under her maiden name, Kubi Chaza, she was an actress in the United Kingdom, appearing in Live and Let Die in 1973 as a sales clerk serving James Bond. After returning to Zimbabwe, she and actor husband John Indi started a company making beauty products. Background Indi is very active in the development community, particularly with respect to issues affecting women, and is secretary-general of the Indigenous Business Women's Organisation in Zimbabwe. The Indis have continued to work in film-making, John as an actor, but Kubi on both sides of the camera. In 1989, she produced I Am the Future, a film about a young woman (played by Stella Chiweshe) who travels to the big city to escape Zimbabwe's independence war in the rural areas. In 1993, she played the eponymous heroine's modern neighbour in Neria, Tsitsi Dangarembga's script about widowhood in Zimbabwe. Both films were directed by Godwin Mawuru, and Neria featured a soundtrack by Oliver Mtukudzi. Indi is a member of the Women Filmmakers of Zimbabwe. Career Her role as the sales girl in the Oh Cult Voodoo shop came about when she was in the UK, and she got to play the part. Her character as the sales girl serves James Bond (played by Roger Moore), wraps an item for him and then rings the Mister Big when Bond leaves the shop. After Zimbabwe became independent, Indi and her husband John returned to the country. There they started their beauty products company called Kubi Cosmetics. It is now a well-known brand in Southern Africa. It makes products that specifically for African skin and hair. Select filmography Toomorrow (1970) - Sylvana Live and Let Die (1973) - sales clerk (Oh Cult Voodoo Shop, 33 E 65th St, New York City, New York 10065) Love Thy Neighbour (1973) - first black girl Royal Flash (1975) - Lucy Neria (1993) - Connie (final film role) Shaina (2020) - Rooster Gogo References Further reading Africa Film & TV Details of I Am the Future Variety Review of Neria Theatre in Zimbabwe Zimbabwean businesspeople Zimbabwean activists Zimbabwean women activists Zimbabwean film actresses Zimbabwean emigrants to the United Kingdom Living people Year of birth missing (living people) Zimbabwean women in business 21st-century Zimbabwean actresses 20th-century Zimbabwean actresses", "title": "Kubi Indi" }, { "docid": "288076", "text": "You Only Live Twice is the eleventh novel and twelfth book in Ian Fleming's James Bond series of stories. It was first published by Jonathan Cape in the United Kingdom on 26 March 1964 and sold out quickly. It was the last Fleming novel published in his lifetime. It is the concluding chapter in what is known as the \"Blofeld Trilogy\" after Thunderball and On Her Majesty's Secret Service. The story begins eight months after the murder of Tracy Bond, which occurred at the end of the previous novel, On Her Majesty's Secret Service. James Bond is drinking and gambling heavily and making mistakes on his assignments when, as a last resort, he is sent to Japan on a semi-diplomatic mission. Whilst there he is challenged by the head of the Japanese Secret Service to kill Dr. Guntram Shatterhand. Bond realises that Shatterhand is Ernst Stavro Blofeld and sets out on a revenge mission to kill him and his wife, Irma Bunt. The novel deals on a personal level with the change in Bond from a depressed man in mourning, to a man of action bent on revenge, to an amnesiac living as a Japanese fisherman. Through the mouths of his characters, Fleming also examines the decline of post-World WarII British power and influence, notably in relation to the United States. The book was popular with the public, with pre-orders in the UK totalling 62,000; critics were more muted in their reactions, generally delivering mixed reviews of the novel. The story was serialised in the Daily Express newspaper and Playboy magazine, and also adapted for comic strip format in the Daily Express. In 1967, it was released as the fifth entry in the Eon Productions James Bond film series, starring Sean Connery as Bond; elements were also used in No Time to Die (2021), the twenty-sixth film in the Eon Productions series. The novel has also been adapted as a radio play and broadcast on the BBC. Plot After the wedding-day murder of his wife, Tracy (see On Her Majesty's Secret Service), Bond begins to let his life slide, drinking and gambling heavily, making mistakes and turning up late for work. His superior in the Secret Service, M, had been planning to dismiss Bond, but decides to give him a last-chance opportunity to redeem himself by assigning him to the diplomatic branch of the organisation. Bond is subsequently re-numbered 7777 and handed an \"impossible\" mission: convincing the head of Japan's secret intelligence service, Tiger Tanaka, to share a decoding machine codenamed Magic 44 and so allow Britain to obtain information from encrypted radio transmissions made by the Soviet Union. In exchange, the Secret Service will allow the Japanese access to one of their own information sources. Bond is introduced to Tanaka—and to the Japanese lifestyle—by an Australian intelligence officer, Dikko Henderson. When Bond raises the purpose of his mission with Tanaka, it transpires that the Japanese have already penetrated the British information source and Bond has nothing left to bargain", "title": "You Only Live Twice (novel)" } ]	[ "Wings" ]
train_21977	who wrote i ca n 't tell you why	[ { "docid": "2813962", "text": "\"I Can't Tell You Why\" is a song by the American rock band Eagles that appeared on their 1979 album The Long Run. It was written by band members Timothy B. Schmit, Glenn Frey and Don Henley. Recorded in March 1978, it was the first song finished for the album and the first Eagles song to feature Schmit on lead vocals. Released as a single in February 1980, it became a Billboard top 10 hit in April, reaching number eight on the Billboard Hot 100 and number three on the Adult Contemporary chart. It was the group's last top ten hit on the Billboard Hot 100. Background Timothy B. Schmit provided the song title and composed the nucleus of \"I Can't Tell You Why,\" which he then presented to Glenn Frey and Don Henley and they completed the song together. Henley described the finished song as \"straight Al Green\" and said that Frey, an R&B fan from Detroit, was responsible for the R&B feel of the song. Frey said to Schmit: \"You could sing like Smokey Robinson. Let's not do a Richie Furay, Poco-sounding song. Let's do an R&B song.\" Schmit describes the song as \"loosely based on my own experiences.\" Schmit said: \"I had some writing sessions with Don and Glenn and I threw out a bunch of my ideas and that one [for \"I Can't Tell You Why\"] stuck. I had [composed] a pretty good part of it, not a huge part but enough for them to think 'That could be good' and go with it. So Don, Glenn and I finished it over a few all night sessions.\" He also said, \"When it was being developed in the studio...I knew it was a great song. I [thought] 'Yes! This is an amazing debut for me.' When we finally mixed it, we had a little listening party at the studio. As people were hearing it, Don turned to me and said, 'There's your first hit.'\" Schmit sang the lead vocals, with Frey and Henley singing counterpoint. Schmit also played the bass on the track, which has a distinctive riff believed by Schmit to have been devised by Frey. According to Henley, Frey wrote the counterpoint part. In 1980, the band promoted the song with a music video featuring Schmit on bass guitar accompanied by Frey on the electric piano, although Frey recorded the guitar solos on the recording, with Henley on drums, Don Felder on electric guitar, Joe Walsh on organ and Walsh's touring sideman Joe Vitale on ARP string synthesizer. Live versions of the song were released on the 1980 album Eagles Live and 1994's Hell Freezes Over. Schmit also performed \"I Can't Tell You Why\" while on tour as a member of Ringo Starr & His All-Starr Band in 1992. Their performance of the song was included on the 1993 live album Ringo Starr and His All Starr Band Volume 2: Live from Montreux. Reception Cash Box said that \"Schmit’s aching, near-falsetto vocal here adds immeasurable", "title": "I Can't Tell You Why" }, { "docid": "252917", "text": "The Long Run is the sixth studio album by American rock group the Eagles. It was released in 1979 by Asylum Records in the United States and the United Kingdom. This was the first Eagles album to feature bassist Timothy B. Schmit, who had replaced founding member Randy Meisner, and the last full studio album to feature Don Felder before his termination from the band in 2001. This was the band's final studio album for Asylum Records. It also turned out to be their last studio album during their original tenure, as the Eagles disbanded in 1980; even though they reunited in 1994, they did not release another studio album until 2007's Long Road Out of Eden. Three singles were released from the album, \"Heartache Tonight\", \"The Long Run\", and \"I Can't Tell You Why\". \"Heartache Tonight\" reached No. 1 on the singles chart and won a Grammy Award. The album was certified 7× Platinum by the RIAA and has sold more than eight million copies in the US. Background The album was originally intended to be a double album. The band could not come up with enough songs and the idea was therefore scrapped. The recording was protracted; they started recording in 1978, and the album took 18 months to record in five different studios, with the album finally released in September 1979. According to Don Henley, the band members were \"completely burned out\" and \"physically, emotionally, spiritually and creatively exhausted\" from a long tour when they started recording the album, and they had few songs. However, they managed to put together ten songs for the album, with contribution from their friends J. D. Souther and Bob Seger who co-wrote with Frey and Henley on \"Heartache Tonight\". (Souther also got songwriting credit on \"Teenage Jail\" and \"The Sad Cafe\".) According to Henley, the title track was in part a response to press articles that said they were \"passé\" as disco was then dominant and punk emerging, which inspired lines such as \"Who is gonna make it/ We'll find out in the long run\". He said that the inspiration for the lyrics was also \"irony\", as they wrote about longevity and posterity while the group \"was breaking apart, imploding under the pressure of trying to deliver a worthy follow-up to Hotel California\". Randy Meisner decided to leave the Eagles after an argument in Knoxville, Tennessee, during the Hotel California Tour in June 1977. He was replaced by Timothy B. Schmit, who brought an unfinished song to the band, \"I Can't Tell You Why\". Schmit wrote the song based loosely on his own experiences; both Henley and Frey liked the song and they completed the song together. Joe Walsh also contributed the song \"In the City\", which was first recorded by Walsh for the movie soundtrack for The Warriors, where it was credited to Walsh, not the Eagles. Don Felder wrote the tune for \"The Disco Strangler\" using a four-on-the-floor disco beat as the basis for the composition. Henley wrote the", "title": "The Long Run (album)" }, { "docid": "43226053", "text": "Timothy B is the second solo studio album by Timothy B. Schmit, the bassist and co-lead vocalist for the Eagles. The album was released in 1987 on MCA Records in the United States and Europe, three years after Schmit's debut solo studio album, Playin' It Cool (1984) and seven years after the demise of the Eagles. The album peaked at #106 on the Billboard 200 chart, and the single, \"Boys Night Out\", hit #25 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, becoming Schmit's best selling single. The album was produced by Richard Rudolph, and it was co-produced by Bruce Gaitsch. Background When Schmit was asked about why there were less notable musicians compared to his last album, he said \"I decided to stay out of the real glamour studios and to keep the clientele down too. I did it on purpose mainly for less distractions. I mean I really knew what I wanted to do on this album and I decided purposely not to use my famous and semi-famous friends just to have it be more of what I can do on my own. And that's really the reason.\" Critical reception Reviewing for AllMusic, critic Bruce Eder wrote of the album \"The tunes and the songs are good enough, and Schmit is in superb voice, and you have to love the luminous guitar sound in evidence throughout. But it's all a little reminiscent of what happened to the Eagles once they became a top arena act -- all of a sudden, their sound started to get bigger and heavier than their music could carry comfortably.\" Track listing Personnel Timothy B. Schmit – lead vocals, backing vocals (1, 9), bass (2), cymbals (9) Bruce Gaitsch – programming, guitars Randy Waldman – keyboards (2), acoustic piano (4, 6, 7), trumpet (7), synthesizers (8) Robert Irving – keyboards (2) Alan Kendall – guitars Jonathan Moffett – cymbals (1, 3, 9), percussion (6) Jim Horn – baritone saxophone (9) Larry Williams – tenor saxophone (9) Gary Grant – trumpet (9) Jerry Hey – trumpet (9), horn arrangements (9) Siedah Garrett – backing vocals (1, 9), chorus backing vocals (7) Julia Waters – backing vocals (1, 9) Production Richard Rudolph – producer, additional engineer Bruce Gaitsch – co-producer, engineer Robert Irving – additional engineer Robbie Weaver – additional engineer Bud Rizzo – assistant engineer Bill Bottrell – mixing Bob Fudjinski – mix assistant Doug Parry – mix assistant Bernie Grundman – mastering Jeff Adamoff – art direction Ron Larson – design Randee St. Nicholas – photography Front Line Management – management Studios Recorded at The Studio (Woodland Hills, CA); Zebra Studio (Studio City, CA); Robert Irving Studios and Bossa Nova Hotel (Los Angeles, CA). Mixed at Smoketree Ranch (Chatsworth, CA). Mastered at Bernie Grundman Mastering (Hollywood, CA). Chart performance Album Singles References External links 1987 albums Timothy B. Schmit albums MCA Records albums", "title": "Timothy B" } ]	[ { "docid": "34967275", "text": "Manole Marcus (8 January 1928 – 12 October 1994) was a Romanian film director and screenwriter. Many of the actors who starred in his films won awards for their performances. Studies and career In 1955 he graduated from the I.L. Caragiale Institute of Theatre and Film Arts (IATC). He made his directing debut with the short film (1953), directed together with Iulian Mihu. The 1950s was a difficult period for Romanian film, as filmmakers had to give up most of the \"conquests\" in terms of cinematic language obtained before the end of World War II. Culture was then subjected to a pseudo-artistic socialist realism, which called for works with excessively politicized topics. In this climate, Marcus made a number of comedy films of lesser value, such as such as I do Not Want to Get Married (1960) and The District of Joy (1964). Towards the second half of the 1960s, the director adopted a more serious tone. His talent as a director started to be appreciated and recognized after the dramatic tone of the movies Virgo (1966), (1969), and (1972). The 1969 movie, which talks about the price of freedom of political underground mission, pursued by the authorities, and whose soundtrack is between the Phoenix band's tracks, was banned in the early 1970s. The climax of his artistic career came at a time when it was hard to tell the truth easily, as freedom of expression was restricted (see Censorship in Communist Romania). In the 1970s, Marcus made two films which were greatly appreciated by the public and by critics: The Actor and the Savages (1974) and (1976), a drama and a comedy which sometimes fail to convey emotions through subliminal messages powerful, to make characters. Filmography (1953) (1957) Într-o dimineață (1959) (1960) (1962) (1964) (1966) Singur (1968) (1969) (1972) (1973) (1973) (1974) Actorul și sălbaticii (1974) (1976) Cianura și picătura de ploaie (1978) Omul care ne trebuie (1980) Punga cu libelule (1980) (1981) (1981) Ca-n filme (1983) Mitică Popescu (1984) Marea sfidare (1989) Vâltoarea (1989) As a scenarist, he wrote La mere and Viața nu iartă in collaboration with Iulian Mihu; Cartierul veseliei in collaboration with ; Cianura și picătura de ploaie in collaboration with Virgil Mogoș; Non–stop; and Orgolii. As an actor, he played the role of the painter in the movie The Actor and the Savages. Awards Cartierul veseliei (1964) - Award for Best Director, National Film Festival in Mamaia, 1965 Zodia Fecioarei (1966) - Diploma of Honor and the trophy \"Dama del Paraguas\" Puterea și adevărul (1971)- International Film Festival in Barcelona, 1967 The Actor and the Savages (1974) - Award ACIN, 1972 - Nomination Grand Prix at the 9th Moscow International Film Festival, 1975 and two ACIN awards: Special Jury Prize for Directing and Actor Award Toma Caragiu man we need - Prize ACIN, 1979 Bibliography Cristina Corciovescu, Bujor T. Rîpeanu (1996). 1234 Cineaști români, Editura Științifică, București References External links Profile at Cinemagia Vă mai amintiți de... Manole Marcus, 21 octombrie 2009, Eliza Zdru,", "title": "Manole Marcus" }, { "docid": "41597706", "text": "Anumodhanam is a 1978 Indian Malayalam-language film, directed by I. V. Sasi and produced by Thayyil Kunjikandan. The film stars Kamal Haasan, Vidhubala, Jayan, Sankaradi, Raghavan and Bahadoor. The musical score is by A. T. Ummer. Plot The protagonist Rajappan is employed, but wants one that uses his studies. He gets a job in a newspaper. He has a younger sister Sridevi. Their parents died early. Rajappan Iooks after her. Rajappan marries their neighbour Thankhamma. Vijayan and Sridevi are in love and Rajappan fixes their marriage. One day their manager's son James arrives in the press because of the manager's illness. He is a smuggler. His friend Raghavan is with him. One day Sridevi comes to eat with Rajappan. James sees her and likes her. Raghavan says that she is a poor girl and warns him no to follow her. One day Rajappan, Vijayan and Thankhamma take the ornaments and saree for Sridevi's marriage. James tells his assistant to tell Sridevi's friend Ragini that Rajappan was arrested for drugs and to bring Sridevi to his house. Ragini tells her but she is afraid. James' assistant comes to Sridevi's house and tells her to talk to James because the police inspector is his friend. Sridevi goes with him to James and closes the door. They fight and he rapes her. Raghavan sees all this. Rajappan arrived with things for Sridevi, but she is unhappy and her face and lips are injured. Rajappan asks her what happened, but she does not tell him. After some days Sridevi's marriage day comes, but they cannot find her. Ragini says that Sridevi's body is at the seashore. Rajappan wonders why she suicided. One day Vvijayan comes to Sridevi's room and sees her letter that explains what happened. Raghavan says to James that this was because of you and that he will tell everyone about the rape. Raghavan tells Rajappan and Inspector Gopi. While Raghavan is searching for James, his assistants capture him. He kills Raghavan and throws his body into the sea. Rajappan finds him, but James wins and tries to kill him, Vijayan kills James from behind. He goes to the sea and sees Sridevi who tells him to come with her and he suicide. Cast Kamal Haasan Vidhubala Sankaradi Raghavan Bahadoor M. G. Soman Jayan Seema Production Anumodhanam was directed by I. V. Sasi and produced by Thayyil Kunjikandan for Chelavoor Pictures. This film was shot in black-and-white. It was given an \"U\" (Unrestricted) certificate by the Central Board of Film Certification. The final length of the film was . Soundtrack The music was composed by A. T. Ummer with lyrics by Bharanikkavu Sivakumar. References External links 1970s Malayalam-language films 1970s Indian films 1978 films Films directed by I. V. Sasi Indian black-and-white films Films about rape in India", "title": "Anumodhanam" }, { "docid": "21034496", "text": "N of tha World is the seventh studio album by Natas. Released in 2006, it was the group's first album released by Reel Life Productions since 1999's WicketWorldWide.COM, although there were claims that there was no newly recorded material by Natas, which broke up in 2002. Five songs on the album were newly recorded after Esham departed from Psychopathic Records in October 2005; the rest of the album consists of material recorded by Esham and T-N-T for a prospective Esham album, to be titled Club Evil, that never came out. Despite the album being attributed to Natas, the only track by the group is N of tha World. The other four new songs were \"World's Apart\", \"On My Own\", \"Trouble & Pain\" and \"Niggaz Always Talkin' Alot of Shit\". Music and lyrics N of tha World features live instrumentation and loops which derive from blues, funk and hard rock. \"See You In Hell\" is built around a sample of the Muddy Waters song \"Tom Cat\", from his 1968 psychedelic concept album Electric Mud. \"Why You Gotta Lie\" samples the drum break from Aerosmith and Run-DMC's \"Walk This Way\" and the chord progression of Metallica's \"Enter Sandman\". The album's lyrics focus on topics ranging from women and violence to spirituality. Natas expresses self-reliance and allegiance to God. However, Esham refers to himself once again as \"The Unholy\" on the album in material recorded prior to signing with Psychopathic, a moniker he had not used since the song \"Enjoy Life\" from the 2003 Bedlam album \"Bedlamitez Rize\". Reception About.com reviewed the album favorably, writing \"Great, great stuff that I personally will drop on the many I meet daily that are starved for proper hip-hop.\" Track listing Personnel Esham the Unholy a.k.a. Black Hitler — rapping T-N-T a.k.a. The Dynamite Kid — rapping Mastamind a.k.a. Mr. Hellraiser — rapping Musicians Mike P. — lead guitar Randy (The Leer Jet Engineer Fixin') Lynch — lead guitar on \"Pancakes & Syrup\" and \"On My Own\" The Brian Schram Band — instrumentation on (\"Worlds Apart\") Production Esham — producer, executive producer Young Kyle for Blackstone — A&R exec Mike P. — additional technical support Eric Saunders — cover art Michael Broom — drawings References 2006 albums Albums produced by Esham Natas (group) albums Reel Life Productions albums Warlock Records albums", "title": "N of tha World" }, { "docid": "6157942", "text": "Love Breeze is an album by the American musician Smokey Robinson, released in 1978. It was arranged by Sonny Burke. It peaked at No. 75 on the Billboard 200. Critical reception The Bay State Banner determined that \"Smokey is content to master today's wah-wah-ing and orchestral perfumery, as his production stretches the music so thin it nearly breaks: soloists' one-notes stand as alone as Smokey's voice.\" In 2011, The New Yorker wrote: \"The record has uncomfortable duds, like 'Shoe Soul', which takes a pedestrian pun to absurd lengths, but also songs like 'Daylight and Darkness', which poses a number of increasingly pointed questions about a lover's mood swings. The music is smooth, easy listening unless you're really listening.\" Track listing Side one \"Why You Wanna See My Bad Side\" (Smokey Robinson, Janie Bradford) - (3:45) \"Love So Fine\" (Smokey Robinson) - (4:34) \"Feeling You, Feeling Me\" (Homer Talbert, Jerry Butler) - (3:52) \"Madam X\" (words: Smokey Robinson; music: Marv Tarplin) - (6:28) Side two \"Shoe Soul\" (words: Smokey Robinson; music: Mike Sutton, Brenda Sutton) - (4:41) \"Trying It Again\" (Smokey Robinson, Richard Williams) - (4:53) \"Daylight and Darkness\" (Smokey Robinson, Rose Ella Jones) - (4:00) \"I'm Loving You Softly\" (Kennis Jones) - (4:29) Personnel Smokey Robinson – lead and backing vocals John Barnes – keyboards James Bradford – bass piano Reginald \"Sonny\" Burke – keyboards, arrangements (1, 2, 4-8) Ronnie McNeir – Fender Rhodes Sylvester Rivers – keyboards Fred Ross – organ Michael Sutton – keyboards, clavinet Marlo Henderson – guitars Rick Littlefield – guitars Marvin Tarplin – guitars Wah-Wah Watson – guitars David T. Walker – guitars Scott Edwards – bass guitar James Jamerson – bass guitar Chuck Rainey – bass guitar David Shields – bass guitar Wayne Tweed – bass guitar James Gadson – drums Ed Greene – drums Scotty Harris – drums Paulinho da Costa – percussion James Sledge – congas, backing vocals Bob Zimmitti – percussion, vibraphone Fred Smith – flutes, reeds, solos Michael Jacobsen – cello Bob \"Boogie\" Bowles – arrangements (3) Kim Richmond – horn arrangements (5) Arthur G. Wright – rhythm and string arrangements (5) Melba Bradford – backing vocals Cheryl Cooper – backing vocals Ivory Davis – backing vocals Patricia Henley – backing vocals Jesse Richardson – backing vocals Claudette Robinson – backing vocals Brenda Sutton – backing vocals Production Producers – Smokey Robinson (Tracks 1, 2, 4, 6, 7 & 8); Jerry Butler and Homer Talbert (Track 3); Mike and Brenda Sutton (Track 5) Engineers – Don Boehret, Michael Lizzio, Barney Perkins, Bob Robitaille, Michael Schuman, Art Stewart and Art White. Assistant Engineer – James Warmack Recorded at Motown Recording Studios (Hollywood, CA); ABC Recording Studios (Los Angeles, CA); Kendun Recorders (Burbank, CA). Mixed by Russ Terrana Mastered by Jack Andrews Mixed and Mastered at Motown Recording Studios (Hollywood, CA). Art Direction and Design – Wriston Jones Illustration – Brian Zick References Smokey Robinson albums 1978 albums Albums produced by Smokey Robinson Motown albums", "title": "Love Breeze" }, { "docid": "28017775", "text": "Nitrospirota is a phylum of bacteria. It includes multiple genera, such as Nitrospira, the largest. The first member of this phylum, Nitrospira marina, was discovered in 1985. The second member, Nitrospira moscoviensis, was discovered in 1995. Nitrospirota contains nitrifying taxa which oxidize nitrite to nitrate (nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, NOB) and commamox bacteria Nitrospira inopinata discovered in 2015 and cultivated in 2017. Phylogeny Taxonomy The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LSPN) and the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Phylum \"Nitrospirota\" Garrity & Holt 2021 Genus \"Candidatus Magnetocorallium\" Zhao et al. 2023 Species \"Ca. M. paracelense\" Zhao et al. 2023 Genus \"Candidatus Magnetomicrobium\" Zhang et al. 2021 Species \"Ca. M. cryptolimnococcus\" Zhang et al. 2021 Genus \"Candidatus Nitrobium\" Arshad et al. 2017 Species \"Ca. N. versatile\" Arshad et al. 2017 Genus \"Candidatus Thermomagnetovibrio\" Lefèvre et al. 2010 Species \"Ca. T. paiutensis\" Lefèvre et al. 2010 Class \"Leptospirillia\" Order \"Leptospirillales\" Family \"Leptospirillaceae\" Cavalier-Smith 2020 Genus Leptospirillum Markosyan 1972 ex Hippe 2000 Species \"L. ferrodiazotrophum\" Tyson et al. 2005 Species L. ferriphilum Coram & Rawlings 2002 Species L. ferrooxidans Markosyan 1972 ex Hippe 2000 Species \"L. rubarum\" Aliaga Goltsman et al. 2009 Species L. thermoferrooxidans Hippe 2000 Class Nitrospiria Oren et al. 2015 Order \"Nitrospirales\" Garrity & Holt 2001 Family \"Nitrospiraceae\" Garrity & Holt 2001 Genus \"Candidatus Nitronereus\" Mueller et al. 2023 Species \"Ca. N. thalassa\" Mueller et al. 2023 Genus \"Candidatus Porinitrospira\" Taylor et al. 2022 Species \"Ca. P. cymbastela\" Taylor et al. 2022 Genus Nitrospira Watson et al. 1986 Species \"Ca. N. alkalitolerans\" Daebeler et al. 2020 Species \"Ca. N. bockiana\" Lebedeva et al. 2008 Species N. calida Lebedeva et al. 2011 Species N. defluvii Nowka et al. 2015 Species \"Ca. N. inopinata\" Daims et al. 2015 Species N. japonica Ushiki et al. 2013 Species \"Ca. N. kreftii\" Sakoula et al. 2021 Species N. lenta Nowka et al. 2015 Species N. marina Watson et al. 1986 (type sp.) Species N. moscoviensis Ehrich et al. 1995 Species \"Ca. N. nitrificans\" van Kessel et al. 2015 Species \"Ca. N. nitrosa\" van Kessel et al. 2015 Species \"Ca. N. salsa\" Haaijer et al. 2013 Order \"Troglogloeales\" Yu et al. 2022 Genus \"Candidatus Troglogloea\" corrig. Kostanjsek et al. 2013 Species \"Ca. T. absolonii\" corrig. Kostanjsek et al. 2013 Family \"Manganitrophaceae\" Yu et al. 2022 Genus \"Candidatus Manganitrophus\" Yu & Leadbetter 2020 Species \"Ca. M. morganii\" Yu et al. 2022 Species \"Ca. M. noduliformans\" Yu & Leadbetter 2020 Class Thermodesulfovibrionia Umezawa et al. 2021 Order \"Mariimomonadales\" Yoon et al. 2023 Family \"Mariimomonadaceae\" Yoon et al. 2023 Genus \"Ca. Mariimomonas Yoon et al. 2023 Species \"Ca. M. ferrooxydans\" Yoon et al. 2023 Order \"Thermodesulfovibrionales\" Umezawa et al. 2021 Family Dissulfurispiraceae Umezawa et al. 2021 Genus Dissulfurispira Umezawa et al. 2021 Species D. thermophila Umezawa et al. 2021 Family Thermodesulfovibrionaceae Umezawa et al. 2021 Genus \"Candidatus Magnetobacterium\" Spring et al. 1993 Species \"Ca. M. bavaricum\" Spring et al. 1993 Species \"Ca. M. casense\" corrig. Lin et al. 2014 Genus", "title": "Nitrospirota" }, { "docid": "1422844", "text": "The Garden of Eden is the second posthumously released novel of Ernest Hemingway, published in 1986. Hemingway started the novel in 1946 and worked on the manuscript for the next 15 years, during which time he also wrote The Old Man and the Sea, The Dangerous Summer, A Moveable Feast, and Islands in the Stream. Plot summary The novel is fundamentally the story of five months in the lives of David Bourne, an American writer, and his wife Catherine. It is set mainly in the French Riviera, specifically in the Côte d'Azur, and in Spain. The story begins with their honeymoon in the Camargue, then moves to Spain, then back to France (at a \"long low rose-colored Provençal house where they had stayed before... in the pines on the Estérel side of la Napoule\" (within easy driving distance to Cannes). However, early in the book, Catherine seemed to change (from David's point of view—the novel is entirely from his vantage). While at le Grau du Roi, Catherine announces \"I have a big surprise\", but does not tell David what it is other than to hint \"Oh it's very simple but it's very complicated\" and \"...I'm going to be changed.\" She bicycles into town, then returns with \"Her hair... cropped as short as a boy's.\" Later, that night, she tells him \"Don't call me girl.\" and \"Please love me David the way I am.\" and implies that he is changing also (\"You are changing,\" she said. \"Oh you are. You are. Yes you are and you're my girl Catherine.\") While in Spain, Catherine twice acts jealous about David reading clippings of reviews of his latest book—rudely saying \"you clipping reader\" the second time—and they have a mild spat. (He: \"Why don't you just shut up about the clippings.\" She: \"Why should I shut up? Just because you wrote this morning? Do you think I married you because you're a writer? You and your clippings.\") After their return to France, the Bournes soon meet a young woman named Marita, with whom they both fall in love. Catherine seemingly continues to explore gender roles, while David gets increasingly uncomfortable. Both Catherine and David sleep with Marita, although not at the same time. David's relationship with his wife deteriorates as she stops adhering to the gender roles expected of her—sometimes acting jealous of both Marita and his work, then reversing herself. Meanwhile, Marita gradually transitions into the supporting wife role. It eventually develops that Catherine only wants David to work on what is referred to as the \"narrative\", which is apparently a narrative of their lives, and not his \"stories\", tales of his childhood and his father. (Catherine characterizes the \"stories\" as \"The dreary dismal little stories about your adolescence with your bogus drunken father.\") David (who has been somewhat passive in his reactions so far) really starts to react, however, when Catherine suddenly declares that she had \"made decisions and planned things\", which turns out to mean that she's going to \"have the", "title": "The Garden of Eden (novel)" }, { "docid": "2820674", "text": "Robert Stanley Whitlock (born March 18, 1948) is an American singer, songwriter and musician. He is best known as a member of the blues-rock band Derek and the Dominos, with Eric Clapton, in 1970–71. Whitlock's musical career began with Memphis soul acts such as Sam & Dave and Booker T. & the M.G.'s before he joined Delaney & Bonnie and Friends in 1968. His association with Delaney & Bonnie bandmate Clapton led to Whitlock's participation in sessions for George Harrison's 1970 triple album All Things Must Pass, in London, and the formation of Derek and the Dominos that year. On the band's sole studio album, the critically acclaimed Layla and Other Assorted Love Songs, Whitlock wrote or co-wrote seven of the album's fourteen tracks, including \"Tell the Truth\", \"Bell Bottom Blues\" and \"Why Does Love Got to Be So Sad?\". Whitlock recorded four solo albums during the 1970s, among them Bobby Whitlock and Raw Velvet, and contributed to albums by Clapton, Dr John and the Rolling Stones. He then withdrew from music until releasing It's About Time in 1999. Following his return, Whitlock has recorded and performed with his wife, CoCo Carmel, and since 2006 with other musicians based in Austin, Texas. Among his and Carmel's projects, Other Assorted Love Songs, Live from Whitney Chapel contains acoustic interpretations of songs originally recorded by Derek and the Dominos. Biography Early career 1965–68 In an article for Mojo magazine in May 2011, music journalist Phil Sutcliffe described Whitlock as having been born in Memphis and learning to play the Hammond organ \"peering over Booker T's shoulder at Stax studios\". While still a teenager, Whitlock befriended acts associated with Stax Records, including Albert King, Sam & Dave, the Staples Singers and Booker T. & the M.G.'s, and was the first white artist signed to the label. His first contribution to a recording was in 1967, when he supplied handclaps on Sam & Dave's single \"I Thank You\". Between 1965 and 1968, Whitlock performed regularly in the Memphis area, playing organ with local soul band the Short Cuts before forming the Counts. In his 2010 autobiography, Whitlock writes of this period in Memphis: \"It was a great time and town for music then, especially soul music. It was real rhythm and blues. Albert King R&B, that's what I'm talking about. It was loose and all about music everywhere that you turned.\" With established Stax musicians such as Steve Cropper as his mentor, and Donald \"Duck\" Dunn and Don Nix preparing to produce a pop album by him on a Stax subsidiary label, Whitlock instead left Memphis after meeting the husband-and-wife team Delaney and Bonnie Bramlett. Whitlock recalls that he was performing at a club with the Counts when the Bramletts invited him to join a soul-revue band they were forming in Los Angeles. Delaney & Bonnie 1968–70 Whitlock contributed on keyboards and vocals to two Delaney & Bonnie albums in 1969, Home and Accept No Substitute. Their touring band, known as Delaney & Bonnie", "title": "Bobby Whitlock" }, { "docid": "73270535", "text": "Satisfied with You is the ninth album released in the US by the British band the Dave Clark Five. It was released on 15 August 1966 and contained three hit songs, \"Look Before You Leap\", \"Please Tell Me Why\" and \"Satisfied with You\". The LP hit the Billboard Top 200 and the Cashbox Top 100. Overview The album contained ten songs and continued the tendency of its predecessor \"Try Too Hard\" to offer a wider collage of styles. It included songs in the rock and roll (\"Good Lovin'\"), country (\"Satisfied with You\") and waltz (\"Please Tell Me Why\") styles, as well as expressive ballads (\"Go On\"). But in fact, it didn't stray from the tried-and-true successful style of the Dave Clark Five and had none of the progressive tendencies of the emerging psychedelic music or anti-war messages. Dave Clark said, \"To me our music was to have fun with, to enjoy – not any message. That’s always been my feeling: it makes you feel good.\" All the songs were composed by members of the band, with the exception of a cover version of the Young Rascals' hit \"Good Lovin'\". Saxophonist Denis Payton wrote four songs, guitarist Lenny Davidson wrote three songs, and singer and organist Mike Smith wrote two. Dave Clark was credited as co-writer on all of the band's songs, although it is often stated that his contribution is more on the production level. Release and reception The album was released on 15 August 1966 by Epic Records only in the United States. It was released in both mono (LN 24212) and stereo (BN 26212) versions. All recordings were produced by Dave Clark himself. The LP reached number 127 on Billboard and number 85 on Cashbox. The singles sold even better. The UK A-side \"Look Before You Leap\" reached number 50 in the UK chart and 101 in Billboard. Better received was the US A-side \"Please Tell Me Why\" (b/w \"Look Before You Leap\"), which became a Top 5 hit in Canada and number 28 in the US. On June 12, 1966, the group presented both songs on the famous Ed Sullivan television show. The title ballad \"Satisfied with You\" scored 32 in Canada and 50 in the US. The album was not reissued for a long time until 2019 when Dave Clark released a remastered version on Spotify. Cashbox magazine wrote, \"The Dave Clark Five should add to their impressive LP record with this swinging set titled after the group’s latest chart item Satisfied With You. The Britishers have added a host of top tracks to the click for a disk that should spur fans to their local retailers. Among the goodies are I Still Need You, Good Lovin’ and Do You Still Love Me.\" AllMusic critic Richie Unterberger praised the band members' still strong songwriting inventiveness, but added that the album still only benefited from the previous certainty of success of the British Invasion type of songs. Track listing Personnel The Dave Clark Five Dave Clark -", "title": "Satisfied with You" }, { "docid": "65372616", "text": "\"What Are You Gonna Tell Her?\" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Mickey Guyton, which was released on March 6, 2020, as the first single from her third EP Bridges and was subsequently included on her debut album Remember Her Name. Writing Guyton was inspired to write the song when she met a young woman who had just arrived in Nashville with the intention to pursue a career in country music. She asked Guyton what she had to look forward to about following her dream and Guyton realized that she didn't have a single good thing to tell her. Additionally, while attending a Grammy party in L.A., Guyton remembers looking over at a table of female artists and wondering what they had to go through to achieve success in the male-dominated music industry. Of these two events, Guyton explained that “I remember thinking to myself, ‘We don’t own ourselves’. We are the change in these people's pocketbooks, and we are sacrificing everything for this.” Following the Grammys, Guyton flew back to Nashville for a songwriting session with Canadian artists Victoria Banks, Emma-Lee and Karen Kosowski. The four women started sharing stories of the difficulties they've experienced as women in both the music industry and the wider world which eventually resulted in the writing of \"What Are You Gonna Tell Her?\" Of the song, Banks stated that “I remember thinking ‘Oh man, radio is never going to play that.’ Then I was like, ‘I don’t care, because it’s more important to say it.” After completing the song, Guyton considered whether this was the end of her career in country music as she did not believe a song so raw would be accepted and, after ten years in Nashville, she still struggled to understand what the genre wanted her to be. Speaking on the song, Guyton explained “I was trying so hard to fit into the stereotype of what country music is, that I forgot why I fell in love with country music. We’ve been in this period where it’s all about having a good time and drinking and girls. It’s so heavily male-dominated that I don’t hear myself, and I don’t see myself within it anymore. Country music is three chords and the truth. So I wrote my truth.” Content Lyrically, the song is a ballad about gender discrimination, criticizing the injustices brought upon young women, people of color and children with big dreams. The chorus asks four simple yet devastating questions: \"What are you gonna tell her when she’s wrong?/Will you just shrug and say it’s been that way all along?/What are you gonna tell her when she figures out/That all this time you built her up just so the world can let her down? What are you gonna tell her\". Live performances Guyton performed the song at the Country Radio Seminar in February 2020, where she received a standing ovation. Reviewers called the song \"powerful and \"transcendent\", with Guyton's co-writer Victoria Banks tweeting “I'm", "title": "What Are You Gonna Tell Her?" }, { "docid": "53277123", "text": "Zo was an artificial intelligence English-language chatbot developed by Microsoft. It was the successor to the chatbot Tay. Zo was an English version of Microsoft's other successful chatbots Xiaoice (China) and (Japan). History Zo was first launched in December 2016 on the Kik Messenger app. It was also available to users of Facebook (via Messenger), the group chat platform GroupMe, or to followers of Twitter to chat with it through private messages. According to an article written in December 2016, at that time Zo held the record for Microsoft's longest continual chatbot conversation: 1,229 turns, lasting 9 hours and 53 minutes. In a BuzzFeed News report, Zo told their reporter that \"[the] Quran was violent\" when talking about healthcare. The report also highlighted how Zo made a comment about the Osama bin Laden capture as a result of 'intelligence' gathering. In July 2017, Business Insider asked \"is windows 10 good,\" and Zo replied with a joke about Microsoft's operating system: \"It's not a bug, it's a feature!' - Windows 8.\" They then asked \"why,\" to which Zo replied: \"Because it's Windows latest attempt at spyware.\" Later on, Zo would tell that it prefers Windows 7 on which it runs over Windows 10. Zo stopped posting to Instagram, Twitter and Facebook March 1, 2019, and stopped chatting on Twitter, Skype and Kik as of March 7, 2019. On July 19, 2019, Zo was discontinued on Facebook, and Samsung on AT&T phones. As of September 7, 2019, it was discontinued with GroupMe. Reception Zo came under criticism for the biases introduced in an effort to avoid potentially offensive subjects. The chatbot refuses for example to engage with any mention—be it positive, negative or neutral—of the Middle East, the Qur'an or the Torah, while allowing discussion of Christianity. In an article in Quartz where she exposed those biases, Chloe Rose Stuart-Ulin wrote, \"Zo is politically correct to the worst possible extreme; mention any of her triggers, and she transforms into a judgmental little brat.\" Academic coverage Schlesinger, A., O'Hara, K.P. and Taylor, A.S., 2018, April. Let's talk about race: Identity, chatbots, and AI. In Proceedings of the 2018 chi conference on human factors in computing systems (pp. 1-14). Medhi Thies, I., Menon, N., Magapu, S., Subramony, M. and O’neill, J., 2017. How do you want your chatbot? An exploratory Wizard-of-Oz study with young, urban Indians. In Human-Computer Interaction-INTERACT 2017: 16th IFIP TC 13 International Conference, Mumbai, India, September 25–29, 2017, Proceedings, Part I 16 (pp. 441-459). References Chatbots Internet properties established in 2016 Internet properties disestablished in 2019 Discontinued Microsoft software", "title": "Zo (bot)" }, { "docid": "2436259", "text": "Full Force is an American music group of hip hop and R&B singers and producers from Brooklyn, New York. Members B-Fine (Brian George) - drums and drum programming, backing vocals Shy Shy (Hugh Junior Clark) - bass guitar, backing vocals Paul Anthony (Paul Anthony George) - vocals Bow-Legged Lou (Lucien George Jr.) - vocals Curt-T-T (Curt Bedeau) - guitar, backing vocals Baby Gee (Gerry Charles) - keyboards, synthesizers, backing vocals. History Production and songwriting The group produced and wrote music for numerous artists including UTFO, Doctor Ice, Samantha Fox, Patti LaBelle, The Force M.D.s, Britney Spears, James Brown, Lisa Lisa and Cult Jam, Backstreet Boys, 'N Sync, Wild Orchid, Cheryl Pepsii Riley and Lil' Kim. Full Force's breakthrough hit was UTFO's \"Roxanne, Roxanne\" (1984), a record that led to several answer records, most notably one by Roxanne Shanté. Through the 80s the group produced a string of major hits for Lisa Lisa and Cult Jam, including \"I Wonder If I Take You Home\", \"All Cried Out\" and \"Head to Toe\". They also scored hits for Samantha Fox, including \"Naughty Girls (Need Love Too)\" and \"I Wanna Have Some Fun\" and R&B singer Cheryl Pepsii Riley including US R&B number one \"Thanks for My Child\". Their 1988 single \"I'm Real\" for James Brown gave the legendary singer his biggest hit for 14 years, peaking at US R&B number two. Additionally, the group wrote and produced most of the singles from La Toya Jackson's fifth studio album La Toya, including \"You're Gonna Get Rocked!\" and \"You Blew,\" as well as Patti LaBelle's track \"I Got It Like That\", for which they also provided prominent background vocals from her 1989 album Be Yourself. Full Force also provided backing vocals on two Bob Dylan songs recorded during sessions for Infidels: \"Death Is Not the End\" (released on Down in the Groove (1988) and \"Tell Me\" (released on The Bootleg Series Volumes 1-3 (Rare & Unreleased) 1961-1991). Full Force's biggest hit from the 1990s was the Backstreet Boys' 1998 US top 5/UK number 2 hit single \"All I Have to Give\". Full Force also worked with Prince's ex-wife Mayté on her 1995 album Child of the Sun, however the tracks remain unreleased. Full Force also contributed to the production on Blaque's 2002 unreleased album, Blaque Out and Lil' Kim's 2003 release, La Bella Mafia, on her song \"Can't Fuck with Queen Bee.\" The group produced Rihanna's \"That La, La, La,\" which appears on her 2005 debut album Music of the Sun, and wrote the worldwide hit \"Don't Phunk with My Heart\" by Black Eyed Peas that same year. Recording In addition to their production résumé, the group have also released their own albums and music. Their 1985 single \"Alice, I Want You Just for Me!\" became a Top 10 hit in the UK in January 1986. They placed several hit singles under their own name on the US Billboard R&B chart during the latter half of the 1980s. Tracks such as \"Unselfish Lover\" (from their", "title": "Full Force" }, { "docid": "53729885", "text": "Vidyapathi is a 1946 Indian, Tamil-language film produced by M. Somasundaram and Mohideen under the banner Jupiter Pictures and directed by A. T. Krishnasami. The film stars T. R. Ramachandran, T. Premavathi and K. Thavamani Devi. Plot A young man tells his parents that he will marry only after wooing and loving a girl. He sees an ad in a matrimonial column and goes to meet the girl. On his way he is robbed. He is left behind only with a loin cloth. A fake sadhu finds him and take with him. The fake Sadhu makes the young man into a yogi. In the meantime, a zaminder who has an affair with a devadasi (dancer), neglects his wife and daughter. The Sadhu introduces the yogi (the young man) to the young woman with an idea for making money. But the young man and woman fall in love with each other. After many twists and turns, they both marry. Cast Cast According to the film's song book Male Cast T. R. Ramachandran as Vidyapathi D. Bala Subramaniam as Zamindar M. R. Swaminathan as Muruganadavi M. N. Nambiar as Narayana Bhagavathar T. N. Sivathanu as Kalyanam K. Srinivasan as Venu (Rowdy) B. Rajagopala Iyer as Ramayana Bhagavathar Nat Annaji Rao as Sub Magistrate N. S. Narayana Pillai as Sub Inspector T. M. Gopal as Munirathnam (Rowdy) N. Shankaramoorthy as Veeranna Reddy Male Support Cast P. G. Madhavan, M. M. A. Chinnappa, C. P. Kittan,P. M. Saminathan, R. Ramasami Iyer, A. C. Irusappa,S. T. Lakshmanan, S. Meenakshi Subramaniam,K. Jaganathan, M. Satya Narayanan, K. Rajarathnam,T. A. Natarajan, A. Ganesh Singh, T. R. Rajagopal,and D. K. Chinnappa. Female Cast T. Premavathi as Aparanji K. Thavamani Devi as Dasi Mohanambal M. S. Bhagyam as Narayana Bhagavathar's Wife M. M. Radha Bai as Magathambal D. S. Krishnaveni as Female Zamindar T. G. Kamala Devi as Kamala C. K. Saraswathi as Veerayi R. Malathi as Malayala Bhagavathi D. Kamala Bai as Nurse Female Support Cast C. K. Nirmala, M. K. Subhadra, R. Bharathi, K. Lakshmi,N. R. Meera, M. K. Nagalakshmi, T. R. Chandra, P. P. Mary,S. S. Lalithambal, K. Thangamani, S. Govinthammal,T. P. Lakshmi, and K. Rathnam. Production K. Thavamani Devi performed a Western-type dance choreographed by Mrs. Rainbird and the background music was provided by C. G. Rob and his party. The Tamil song had English words intermingled which was a novelty at that time. \"Here goes the song.... ‘Atho rendu (there the two)....Black eyes! Ennai paarthu (Looking at me)...Once, twice! Kannai chimitti (winking!)... Dolly! Kai kotti (with hands)...Calls me! I will dance for you!'\". The English words in the song were penned by K. Thavamani Devi herself. She also designed her own costume. Soundtrack Music was composed by Adeppalli Rama Rao while the lyrics were penned by Udumalai Narayana Kavi. Singers are T. G. Kamala Devi, K. Thavamani Devi, T. R. Ramachandran, and M. N. Nambiar. The only playback singer is K. V. Janaki. Reception The film did not fare well at the box-office. Film historian", "title": "Vidyapathi" }, { "docid": "11321957", "text": "Ili-Rapih was the follow-on mayor in Gubla-(modern Byblos), and the brother of Rib-Hadda, the former mayor of Gubla, (who was the prolific author of letters to pharaoh); Ili-Rapih is in the 1350-1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence, and wrote 2 follow-on letters to the Pharaoh after the death of Rib-Haddi. Of note, Ili-Rapih's name is referenced in only one letter in the entire Amarna letters corpus, besides his own 2 authored letters of EA 139, and 140, (EA is for 'el Amarna'), that being letter EA 128, (Rib-Haddi letter no. 57 of 68). The letters of Ili-Rapih EA 139, title: \"A new voice, an old story\" To the king, [my] lo[rd, my Sun]: Message of Ili-ra[pih, your servant]; message of Gu(b)la, [your maidservant. I fall at] the feet of the lord, the Sun, 7 times and [7 times]. Do not neglec[t Gu-la, your city and the city of [your] ancesto[rs] from most ancient times. Moreover, behold Gu-la! Just as Hikuptah, so is Gu-la to the king, my lord. Do not neglect the delicts of a serva[nt], for he acted as he pleased in the lands of the king-(i.e. the \"king's\" brother: Rib-Hadda). Here is the crime that Aziru ... against the king: [he kill]ed the king of Ammiya, and [the king of E]ldata-(Ardata), and the king of Ir(qata)-(=\"King Aduna\"), [and a co]mmissioner of the king, my lord. He also broke into Sumur. [And indeed] he is now intent on [committing] a cri(me) against the king. Moreover, ... ...May the king (my) lord, know [I] am his loyal servant. And so let him send a garrison to his city—30 to 50 men— as far as Gubla. The king is to take (n)o account of whatever Aziru sends him. Where were the things that he sends coveted? It is property belonging to a royal whom he has killed that he sends to you. Look, Aziru is a reb(el) against the king, my lord. -EA 139, lines 1- 40 (complete, but major lacuna: lines 20-28) Note that Gubla's name is abbreviated in this letter, (Gu-la), except for one usage. EA 140, title: \"Again, the crimes of Aziru\"; letter Part 1 of 2-(lost) [To] the king, the lord, my Sun: Message of Gubla), your maidservant; message of Ili-rapih, your servant. I fall at the feet of my lord, the Sun, 7 times and 7 times. The king, my lord, shall not neglect Gubla, his maidservant, a city of the king from most ancient times. Moreover why did the king communicate through Aziru? He does as he pleases. Aziru killed Aduna, and a magnate. He took their cities. To him belongs Sumur-(Zemar); to him belong the cities of the king. Gubla alone is a ... of the king. Moreover, he broke into Sumur and Ullassa. Moreover, Aziru even [com]mitted a crime [wh]en he was brought [in]to you-(i.e. over-to you, (in Egypt)). The crime [was against] us. He sent [his] men [t]o Itakkama [and] he smote all the land of Amqu and (their) territories. Moreover, is not", "title": "Ili-Rapih" }, { "docid": "23312383", "text": "Lady T is the second studio album by American singer-songwriter Teena Marie, released by Motown's Gordy label on February 14, 1980. Background The album was produced by Richard Rudolph, and the track \"Too Many Colors\" features the then 7 year-old Maya Rudolph, daughter of Rudolph and his late wife Minnie Riperton. The album was dedicated to Minnie Riperton. Lady T was the nickname of Teena Marie at Motown Records. The packaging of Teena Marie's debut album Wild and Peaceful had not included a picture of the singer, and the image on the sleeve of this album surprised many people who had assumed she was African-American. Lady T peaked at #18 on the Black Albums chart and #45 on the Pop Albums chart. Lead single \"Can It Be Love\" was a minor hit on the US Black Singles chart followed by \"Behind the Groove\" which peaked at #21 on the US Black Singles chart and became Teena Marie's only top 20 hit in the United Kingdom, reaching #6. \"Lonely Desire\" was released as the final single from the album. Track listing Side A \"Behind the Groove\" (Marie, Richard Rudolph) – 6:06 \"Now That I Have You\" (Art Philips, Richard Rudolph, Claudia Talbott) – 5:32 \"Lonely Desire\" (Marie, Richard Rudolph, Dwayne Wedlaw) – 4:39 \"Aladdin's Lamp\" (Marie) – 4:55 Side B 5. \"You're All the Boogie I Need\" (Mickey Hearn, Marie) – 5:44 6. \"Can It Be Love\" (Marie, Dwayne Wedlaw) – 4:24 7. \"Young Girl in Love\" (Jill Jones, Marie) – 3:55 8. \"Why Did I Have to Fall in Love with You\" (Marie, George Sopuch) – 4:45 9. \"Too Many Colors (Tee's Interlude)\" (Marie) – 3:10 1991 Reissue 10. \"Why Can't I Get Next to You\" (Marie) – 3:58 11. \"Co-Pilot to Pilot\" (Marie) – 4:23 2011 Expanded Edition 10. Behind The Groove (Original LP Version) - 6:13 11. Behind The Groove (Rick James Mix) - 6:16 12. Behind The Groove (The Missing \"M+M\" 12-Inch Mix) - 9:13 Personnel Teena Marie – acoustic guitar, lead and backing vocals Nathan Watts, Eddie Watkins, Oscar Alston on \"Behind The Groove\" – bass Paulinho Da Costa – percussion Michael Boddicker – synthesizer Jeremy Lubbock – Fender Rhodes Randy Waldman – Fender Rhodes, piano, synthesizer Greg Hargrove, Tim May, Bob \"Boogie\" Bowles, Art Phillips – guitar Charles A. Glenn, Jr., Eddie N. Watkins, Jr. – bass Christopher Anthony Boehme, Paul Hines, Tony \"T-Bird\" Lewis – drums Gary Grant – flugelhorn, trumpet Kim Hutchcroft – flute, saxophone Jerry Hey – flugelhorn, trumpet Charles Loper – trombone Steve Forman – percussion Everett Bryson, Jr. – congas, percussion James S. Stewart, Jr. – piano Thomas \"T\" Bumpass – trumpet, backing vocals William Carroll White, Jr. – saxophone, backing vocals Larry Williams – flute, saxophone Ray C. Woodard – saxophone, backing vocals Bob Zimmitti – cowbell, percussion Maya Rudolph, Dwayne Medlaw – voices Diahnne Abbott, Brenda Lee Eager, Linda Little, Jill Jones, Bill Thedford – backing vocals Charts Singles References External links Teena Marie-Lady T at Discogs Teena", "title": "Lady T (album)" }, { "docid": "3949731", "text": "If I Had One Chance To Tell You Something is the eighth studio album from Rebecca St. James. The album includes the hit singles \"Alive\" and \"You Are Loved\". Writing and development St. James co-wrote 11 out of the 12 tracks on the album, with the songs \"God Help Me\" and \"You Are Loved\" being written solely by her. St. James wrote \"God Help Me\" on her 27th birthday and says of the song, \"I love singing this song because to me it’s an essential thought of the Christian life... 'God help me... I’m not enough!'\" The album's first single, \"Alive\", is about how God can refresh people. The title song \"You Are Loved\" was inspired by an old family friend. St. James says, \"This is a song for the prodigals—which is all of us. God is the father that has His arms open wide waiting for us. He wants us to run towards Him and He will run toward us. It’s a song of hope and a message my generation needs to hear. ‘No matter where you've been and what you've done... you are loved.' From this song came the album title—and really the key theme of the project.\" \"Shadowlands\" was inspired by the writings of C.S. Lewis, while \"Love Being Loved By You\" is described by St. James as a worship song. \"I Need You\" was written for St. James's best friend Karleen. \"Beautiful Stranger\" is described by the singer as her \"Compassion International song\". Co-written and co-sung by TobyMac, \"Thank You\" is a simple message of thanks to God. The song \"Take All of Me\" was originally written by Hillsong United artist Marty Sampson and was chosen by St. James because of its worshipful tone. St. James says of \"Forgive Me\", \"This song reminds me of the everlasting beauty of God’s grace.\" The song \"I Can Trust You\" was written as a reminder to trust God. St. James says of the final track, \"Lest I Forget\", \"It’s somewhat of a sobering song but a song of gratefulness that simply treasures what Jesus has done for us.\" If I Had One Chance To Tell You Something is described as \"commercial alternative rock\". It is much edgier and rock-based than St. James' prior album, Worship God. The songs are based in guitars, bass lines, and string arrangements. St. James also dabbles in hip-hop on the track \"Thank You\". The album was produced by Tedd T. and Matt Bronleewe, and producer Shaun Shankel. Track listing Personnel Adapted from liner notes and AllMusic Rebecca St. James – lead and backing vocals Tedd T – programming (1, 3, 8, 9, 12), guitars (1, 8, 9), bass (1, 8) Ainslie Grosser – programming (1, 4) Jeremy Bose – programming (2, 4, 5), string arrangements (2, 4, 5) Carl Marsh – programming (3, 9) Shaun Shankel – programming (6, 7, 11), string arrangements (6, 10) Cary Barlowe – guitars (1, 6) Paul Moak – guitars (1, 3, 8, 9, 12) Rob Hawkins – guitars", "title": "If I Had One Chance to Tell You Something" }, { "docid": "34506643", "text": "Hit and Run is the fifth studio album by the American rock band T.S.O.L. (True Sounds of Liberty), released in 1987 through Enigma Records. It marked a stylistic shift for the band, who departed from their earlier gothic rock and hard rock efforts in favor of a glam metal persona and sound. Hit and Run was T.S.O.L.'s only release to chart, reaching no. 184 on the Billboard 200, but the band's new direction alienated their fans in vast numbers and was criticized by reviewers. Enigma found the album difficult to market due to the group's change in musical style and image. It failed to be the commercial breakthrough the members had hoped for, and T.S.O.L. left Enigma as a result. Background and recording On their 1986 album Revenge, T.S.O.L. had begun to move away from the punk- and gothic rock-influenced sound of their past in favor of simpler rock numbers influenced by the growing hard rock scene in their native Southern California. Hit and Run was an even further departure, as they adopted a look and sound reflecting the popular glam metal of the era. The album was recorded at Music Grinder Studios and Preferred Sound Studios in Hollywood with recording engineer Jim Faraci and Revenge producer Howard Benson. It includes a cover version of \"Good Mornin' Blues', originally performed by the 1930s/1940s blues artist Lead Belly, which features additional instrumentation in the form of saxophone, congas, and harmonica. The song \"You Can Try\" was dedicated to guitarist Ron Emory's brother William, who died of a heroin overdose in 1986 at age 29. Hit and Run was released July 11, 1987 through Enigma Records (catalog number 73263), and T.S.O.L. supported it by touring with the Red Hot Chili Peppers and Guns N' Roses. They became friends with Guns N' Roses, whose were rising to stardom on the success of their platinum-selling debut album Appetite for Destruction, released ten days after Hit and Run. T.S.O.L.'s opening spot on their tour dates, coupled with Guns N' Roses drummer Steven Adler wearing a T.S.O.L. T-shirt in the music video for \"Sweet Child o' Mine\", brought T.S.O.L. increased attention: \"I hear more people telling me about seeing our T-shirt every day than anything else we've ever done\", said bassist Mike Roche in 1988. Reception Hit and Run became T.S.O.L.'s only release to chart, reaching no. 184 on the Billboard 200. In the album's liner notes, the band members called it \"the best record we have done to date. It is in keeping with our ideal of complete freedom in music, as in life itself.\" Mike Boehm of the Los Angeles Times wrote in 1988 that it \"served final notice that the band no longer was playing punk rock. It was a polished, accessible record that consisted mostly of the sort of mainstream, melodic heavy rock that has brought big-time success to bands such as Guns N' Roses and the resurgent Aerosmith.\" In the fall of 1987 T.S.O.L. travelled to New York City for a", "title": "Hit and Run (T.S.O.L. album)" }, { "docid": "4991632", "text": "Wayne Anthony Hector is a British songwriter who is best known for his work with pop artists such as Nicki Minaj, One Direction, the Wanted, Toše Proeski and Olly Murs. He co-wrote seven of Westlife's number one singles, including \"World of Our Own\" and \"Flying Without Wings\". He is signed to BMG Chrysalis UK. Career Hector began his music career as a member of the new jack swing group Rhythm N Bass. The group were signed by Sony Music after entertainment executive Richard Pascoe featured the group in a European edition of Yo! MTV Raps. He then decided to concentrate on songwriting and music production. It was this period in 1993 that Richard Pascoe took the role as International A&R manager for Pop music at Rondor Music International, where he signed Hector and fellow Rhythm N Bass member Alistair Tennant as songwriters. When transitioning from performer to songwriter, Hector got in touch with Steve Mac, who was working with the British boy band Damage. He had originally met Mac while Hector was working as a background singer. In 1996, Damage's \"Forever\" became one of Hector's first songwriting credits and his first top 10 hit. Hector contributed to Westlife's self-titled debut album in 1999. His credits on the album include \"Swear It Again\" and \"Flying Without Wings\", both of which peaked at number 1 in the United Kingdom. He also contributed \"I Don't Wanna Fight\", \"Moments\" and \"We Are One\" to the album. He also cowrote number 1 singles \"Queen of My Heart\" and \"World of Our Own\" on Westlife's 2001 album World of Our Own. In 2005, Hector was signed to Sony/ATV. At the time of his signing, he had written 32 international number one singles. Later that year he worked on Rascal Flatts' \"Feels Like Today\", for which he won an ASCAP award. He also penned Carrie Underwood's \"I Just Can't Live A Lie\" in 2005. Hector wrote \"I Hate This Part\" for The Pussycat Dolls in 2008. He co-wrote \"Out from Under\" on Britney Spears's Circus later that year. In 2009, Hector co-wrote two number one singles, \"Beat Again\" and \"Everybody in Love\", on JLS's self-titled debut album. Hector joined Warner/Chappell Music in 2010. That year he co-wrote JLS's number one single \"Love You More\". He also co-wrote \"Thinking of Me\" on Olly Murs' 2010 self-titled debut album. Hector wrote \"Same Mistakes\" and \"Everything About You\" for One Direction's debut album Up All Night in 2011. In 2011, he co-wrote Nicki Minaj's \"Starships\" and The Wanted's \"Glad You Came\". He also wrote The Wanted's \"I Found You\", which was released in September 2012. Hector also contributed \"Army of Two\", \"Hand on Heart\" and \"Personal\" to Olly Murs' 2012 album Right Place Right Time. In 2013, Hector co-wrote \"Best Song Ever\", \"Little White Lies\" and \"Why Don't We Go There\" for One Direction's Midnight Memories. He also wrote \"Get Down\" and \"Supposed\" on James Arthur's self-titled debut album and Mika's \"Stardust\". Hector worked on \"Miss America\", \"The Only One\",", "title": "Wayne Hector" }, { "docid": "41703207", "text": "\"Nigger\" is the debut single by Swedish metal band Clawfinger. First released on a three-track demo before appearing as the opening track on their debut album, Deaf Dumb Blind (1993), the song was an immediate success for the band, reaching No. 4 on Norway's singles charts and No. 22 in Sweden. Lead singer Zak Tell has always been adamant that the song contains an anti-racist message, which he emphasises before performing the song live. Clawfinger has performed \"Nigger\" live over 1,500 times, according to Tell, as the band has never played a show without performing the song. The track's lyrical content has also been described as \"provocative and critically relevant.\" However, controversy surrounding the song has led to the band never playing a concert in North America. Lyrical content Clawfinger frontman Zak Tell wrote the song in 1991 as a 20-year old, wanting to spread an anti-racist message. Tell listened to early hip hop groups including Public Enemy, A Tribe Called Quest and De La Soul growing up, and when writing \"Nigger\", said, \"I was angry and I was slightly confused. I didn't think about what I was 'allowed' to say or not.\" In 2019, Tell said that \"Nigger\" was the most important song that he ever wrote. Clawfinger has never performed in North America because of a threat the band received after the release of \"Nigger\". The band's record label received a fax in Los Angeles that said, \"White guys trying to tell black people how to live their lives should have their balls cut off.\" This led to the end of Clawfinger's promotion in the United States. It is the only region that the band has never played. \"It would have been quite easy if we had only had one black band member or if the band had been brown, then it wouldn't have been a problem at all,\" Tell said. In a 1994 interview with Billboard, Tell said that Americans had misunderstood the song, saying \"It was invented by slave traders. I'm telling people I can't quite understand why they would want to use such a word.\" Historian Todd M. Mealy, in his book The N-Word in Music: An American History, described the message of \"Nigger\" as \"a declaration that the word is and always will be a racial slur, and that Blacks on any continent should refrain from saying it regardless of the connotation.\" The provocativeness of Tell's lyrics was influenced by punk rock bands like the Sex Pistols and the Dead Kennedys. Tell continued to combine humour, metal music and what he called \"lyrics with a big middle finger\" on \"The Faggot in You\" and \"Right to Rape\" from the band's 2005 album Hate Yourself with Style. Tell said in 2005, and again in 2019 that he would not write the song the same way nowadays because \"there is a different political climate and more political correctness than in the 90s. This song would certainly bring us more trouble today than it did back in", "title": "Nigger (Clawfinger song)" }, { "docid": "71015242", "text": "\"Tell It to the Moon\" is a song by American singer-songwriter Martha Davis, which was released in 1988 as the second single from her debut solo studio album Policy. The song was written by Diane Warren and produced by Richie Zito. \"Tell It to the Moon\" failed to chart in the US, but peaked at number 65 on the Australian Music Report chart. Background \"Tell It to the Moon\" was written by Diane Warren, who had previously collaborated with Davis in around 1986–87 when they wrote a song together which was not recorded. A short time later, Davis was made aware of \"Tell It to the Moon\" and decided to record it for Policy. She revealed in a 1988 interview, \"The song we [wrote together] was a good song, but it wasn't brilliant. Later on and somebody said, '[Diane's] written a song that sounds like something you'd write'. That's what hit writers do, they listen to your style and obviously we'd worked together, and so I heard it and I go, 'you know, it does sort of sound like something I'd write'. And then other people said, 'it sounds like a hit' and I go, 'hey, that's a good reason to put it on your album!'\" Speaking of the song's message, Davis commented in 1987, \"It's a beautiful song. I would say it's like abstract frustration, being in love with someone that you can't touch and you can't even get up the gumption to actually tell them, so you've got to tell it to the moon.\" Davis was later critical of Policy and the commercialised nature of the material. She told Louder Than War in 2017, \"[After The Motels' split], the record company scrambled around and I'm singing Diane Warren songs... I was like, \"holy crap, this is not right at all. More than anything I'm a writer. That's the main thing I am, the singing was a lucky kind of accident.\" Music video The song's music video was directed by David Fincher. It achieved breakout rotation on MTV. Critical reception On its release, Billboard commented, \"There are no reasons why 'Don't Tell Me the Time' didn't score; programmers can redeem themselves with this equally engaging rock track from the former Motel.\" Cash Box predicted the song would be a \"sure-fire Top 40 smash\" and stated, \"No doubt about it, the Motels sound was defined by the emotive voice Davis brought to the songs. This is as satisfying a performance as you'll hear from her.\" In Australia, Michael Wellham of The Canberra Times described it as a \"four-minute Mills & Boon\" which is \"much the same standard as the other songs on Policy\". Track listing 7–inch single (US and Australasia) \"Tell It to the Moon\" – 4:08 \"Bridge of Sighs\" – 3:53 7–inch promotional single (US) \"Tell It to the Moon\" – 4:08 \"Tell It to the Moon\" – 4:08 12–inch promotional single (US) \"Tell It to the Moon\" – 4:08 \"Tell It to the Moon\" – 4:08 Personnel Credits", "title": "Tell It to the Moon" }, { "docid": "52159492", "text": "\"Shoulders\" is the second single by Australian Christian alternative rock duo For King & Country on their second studio album titled Run Wild. Live Free. Love Strong. It was released on 20 March 2015. The song reached No. 4 on the Christian Songs chart and No. 1 on the Christian Airplay chart. Background \"Shoulders\" was released as the second single off of the duo's second studio album, titled Run Wild. Live Free. Love Strong. Luke Smallbone commented the following about the song:\"Shoulders\" was one of the last songs that we wrote for the album. Albums have a way of telling a story, and you can always tell when it's complete. Or when it's not complete. We knew we were missing a song. We were out on the road, in the back lounge. I was working with a producer called Tedd T. We had started the song earlier in the day, but it got all messed up. It just didn't work. Joel was like, \"hey man, I'm gonna go out and do something else – why don't you guys see if you can come up with anything. I'll come back later and we'll see what we got here.\" I had walked through a difficult season of being super super sick – a disease I still have today – but there was a season when I was really, really, sick. We had been off the road for 2 and a half months and honestly I wasn't really sure if I was going to be able to tour again. I didn't know what my future was, really. So the question that I wanted answered was, \"in your darkest moment, where does help come from? What happens when it feels like life feels totally hopeless?\" Oh man, so when I was really sick, I was ALSO an emotional disaster. To be totally honest. My sickness stems from my stomach, my gut, and that's where a lot of your happiness and joy comes from. So when that's all jacked up, you're basically depressed. I mean I didn't have any doctor tell me that I was clinically depressed, but I'm pretty sure I was. That's the way I felt, I felt like I was trapped in the valley. I was going to go see doctors left, right, and center, and still just chaos. I didn't know what was right side up and upside down, I was a mess. And I couldn't process my thoughts correctly. I felt like I was you know, kinda goin' insane.\" Composition \"Shoulders\" is originally in the key of E-flat minor, with a tempo of 99 Beats Per Minute. Music video On the same day of the release of the song as a single, the duo also released a music video of song on YouTube. Joel said the following about the video:\"When it came to creating a music video for 'Shoulders,' we knew that it had to carry as much personal and spiritual meaning as the song. Ultimately, the video expands on", "title": "Shoulders (song)" }, { "docid": "9809673", "text": "Person-centered ethnography is an approach within psychological anthropology that draws on techniques and theories from psychiatry and psychoanalysis to understand how individuals relate to and interact with their sociocultural context. The term was first used by Robert I. Levy, a psychoanalytically trained psychiatrist, to describe his psychodynamically informed approach to interviewing during his anthropological fieldwork in Tahiti and Nepal. A key distinction in person-centered interviewing is that between interviewees as informants and as respondents. As Levy and Hollan describe it, There is a significant difference between asking a Tahitian interviewee something like \"Please describe for me exactly how and why supercision (a penis-mutilating rite of passage) is done by Tahitians,\" and asking him \"Can you tell me about your supercision?\"...\"Did it change your life in any way?\" \"How?\" \"What did you think and feel about it then?\" \"What do you think and feel about it now?\" The first question engages interviewees as typical ethnographic informants, asking them to describe features of their culture or social system; the latter questions ask much more directly about their own experiences, feelings, hopes, and desires, as well as changes in these over time. Not surprisingly, asking about these more intimate topics generally requires much longer acquaintance with an interviewee than do questions about more publicly available knowledge. Levy and Hollan note that person-centered interviewing makes use of both modes and tacks back and forth between them; its difference from most methods of ethnographic interviewing lies in its emphasis on the latter and its concern with understanding how individuals relate to, experience, and understand their larger sociocultural context. Within these, major topics of interest typically include: the experience of the self, morality, the body, illness and healing, emotions, and family relationships. Methodologically, person-centered interviewing also depends on a fair degree of experience in self-monitoring for transference and countertransference phenomena, as well as attention to elisions, avoidances, and gaps in an interviewees' answers and attention to interviewees' emotional reactions during and outside the formal interview setting. Person-centered interviewing comes out of a psychodynamically informed tradition within Culture and Personality studies and American psychological anthropology and shares a number of methodological and thematic concerns with clinical ethnography. References Select bibliography Levy, Robert I. (1973) Tahitians: mind and experience in the Society Islands. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Levy, Robert I. (1990) Mesocosm: the organization of a Hindu Newar city in Nepal. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. Levy, Robert I. and Douglas Hollan (1998) \"Person-Centered Interviewing and Observation in Anthropology.\" pp. 333–364 in Handbook of Methods in Cultural Anthropology, edited by H. R. Bernard. Walnut Creek, CA: Altamira Press. See also Clinical Ethnography Creative participation Educational psychology Naturalistic observation Scholar-practitioner model Qualitative research Psychological anthropology Ethnography", "title": "Person-centered ethnography" }, { "docid": "3553256", "text": "John Walter Bratton (January 21, 1867 – February 7, 1947) was an American Tin Pan Alley composer and theatrical producer who became popular during the era known as the Gay Nineties. Early life Raised by his grandmother, Mary Bratton, in New Castle, Delaware, near Wilmington, John Walter Bratton (sometimes spelled Bratten) was the son of John F. and Emma Bratton, of whom little is known. He was educated at the Harkness Academy in Wilmington and later attended the Philadelphia College of Music before embarking on a career as a baritone singer. Career John Bratton's career soon moved from performer to composer and producer. He began in the chorus of a show called Ship Ahoy for $18 a week and not before too long was selling songs written with his friend, lyricists Walter H. Ford, for as little as $10 a title. Over the years Bratton would collaborate on over 250 songs with Ford and Paul West. One of their earlier tunes was a tribute to veterans of the Spanish–American War called \"Hats off to the Boys Who Made Good\", that years later Bratton conceded was \"terrible\". Today he is remembered for his composition Op103, dating from 1907, \"Teddy Bears' Picnic\", the only one of his songs to be a lasting hit. Although most of his compositions had lyrics, he left \"Teddy Bears' Picnic\" as an instrumental. Perhaps because it sold so well as sheet music he felt little need to do anything else with it; during the silent film era it was used as background music for a number of popular movies. Many years later, British-based but Irish-born Jimmy Kennedy wrote the lyrics. This explains why an American composition contains the British term \"Mummies and Daddies\" rather than \"Mommies and Daddies\", though the latter does crop up from time to time in copies printed in the former colony. Tunes Bratton wrote that were popular in their day include \"The Sunshine of Paradise Alley\" (ca. 1895), \"Henrietta, Have You Met Her?\" (ca. 1895), \"I Love You in the Same Old Way\" (ca. 1896), \"Isabella\" and \"In a Cosey Corner\" ( ca. 1901). As half of the firm Lefler and Bratton, he produced the musical comedies Hodge Podge and Co. (1900), The Star and the Garter (1900), The Man from China (1904), The Pearl and the Pumpkin (1905) and others. Marriage Bratton married popular Broadway actress Dorothy Zimmerman (1883–1957) on May 21, 1907. Their marriage produced a daughter. Death John Walter Bratton died at his Brooklyn home in February 1947, aged 80. He had just completed the song \"Time Brings Many Changes\" with his partner Leo Edwards, brother of songwriter Gus Edwards. Bratton was survived by his wife Dorothy Bratton (née Zimmerman) and daughter. Musical theater credits 1900 Hodge, Podge & Co. 1904 The Man from China 1905 The Pearl and the Pumpkin 1909 The Newlyweds and Their Baby His songs were featured in many other musical comedies including The Rainmakers (1894), Star & Garter (1900), The Office Boy (1903), The Toreador", "title": "John W. Bratton" }, { "docid": "1670727", "text": "Timothy Kevin Story is an American film director. He is best known for Barbershop (2002), Fantastic Four (2005), and the Ride Along franchise. He has been nominated for two NAACP Image Awards for Outstanding Directing in a Feature Film/Television Movie in 2006 and 2013. He is the founder of The Story Company, an entertainment production company that he started with his future wife in 1996, and is the first African-American director with movies that grossed over $1 billion at the box office. Early life Born in Los Angeles on March 13, 1970, Story attended LA's Westchester High School, with jazz pianist Eric Reed and actresses Regina King and Nia Long. He was senior class president at Westchester High. He graduated from the USC School of Cinematic Arts in 1991. While in high school, Story briefly attempted a career in music. He was part of Ice-T's Rhyme Syndicate and even appeared as a member of the group T.D.F. on the song \"T.D.F. Connection\" from the 1988 compilation album Rhyme Syndicate Comin' Through. A group member was shot and killed prior to them being signed to Warner Bros. Records. Story later turned his attention to directing feature films. Fantastic Four became at the time the highest-grossing superhero movie by an African-American director. Filmography Film Stand-up film Kevin Hart: Laugh at My Pain (2011) Kevin Hart: Let Me Explain (2013) Kevin Hart: What Now? (2016) Television Music videos \"I Can't Feel It (Remix)\" by Ghetto Mafia (1997) \"You Ain’t Heard Nothin Yet\" by Benito (1997) \"I Do\" by Jon B. (1998) \"Cool Relax\" by Jon B. (1998) \"Remember When\" by Color Me Badd (1998) \"I’ll Be Around by Rahsun featuring Big Pun (1998) \"Sweet Lady\" by Tyrese (1998) \"Are U Still Down\" by Jon B. feat. 2Pac (1998) \"I Tried\" by 4Kast (1998) \"Cheers 2 U\" by Playa (1998) \"He Can't Love U\" by Jagged Edge (1999) \"Get Gone\" by Ideal (1999) \"Creep Inn\" by Ideal (1999) \"Crave\" by Marc Dorsey (1999) \"I Drive Myself Crazy\" by 'N Sync (1999) \"Tell Me It's Real\" by K-Ci & JoJo (1999) \"Lately\" by Tyrese (1999) \"Shorty Got Her Eyes On Me\" by Donell Jones (1999) \"One Night Stand\" by J-Shin featuring LaTocha Scott (1999) \"Ooh Wee Wee\" by Cherokee (1999) \"The Best Man I Can Be\" by Ginuwine, Tyrese, Case, RL (1999) \"It Feels So Good\" by Sonique (2000) \"My First Love\" by Avant feat. Keke Wyatt (2000) \"Ryde or Die Chick\" by The Lox feat. Eve and Timbaland (2000) \"Mr. Too Damn Good\" by Gerald Levert (2000) \"Sugar\" by Don Philip (2000) \"Wild Out\" by The Lox (2000) \"Love Me Now\" by Beenie Man (2000) \"Let's Get Married\" by Jagged Edge (2000) \"How Long\" by L.V. (2000) \"Why You Wanna Keep Me From My Baby\" by Guy (2000) \"Monica\" by Before Dark (2000) \"Once My Shhh Always my Shhh\" by Sam Salter (2000) \"Brown Skin\" by India.Arie (2001) \"Nasty Girl\" by Queens cast: Brandy, Eve, Naturi Naughton, and Nadine Velazquez (2021) Collaborations References External", "title": "Tim Story" }, { "docid": "22796666", "text": "Songs from Rabbittland is the fifteenth and final studio album by country artist Eddie Rabbitt. The album was released in late 1997 and contained 17 children's songs, jokes, and stories told by Rabbitt that he wrote for his kids. There were no singles released from this album. This was Rabbitt's last studio album before his death at the age of 56 on May 7, 1998. Rabbitt stated that the album was made up of \"17 songs, jokes, and stories I wrote for my kids as they were growing up.\" Track listing All tracks were composed by Eddie Rabbitt. \"Hi Kids\" - :09 \"Come with Me (Rabbittland)\" - 3:02 \"Why, Why, Why\" - 2:27 \"Who's That Pullin' on Me?\" - 2:07 \"Mr. Eddie & Miss Angela, No. 1\" - :32 \"Heat 'Em up, Eat 'Em Up\" - :46 \"You Can Do Anything\" - 3:06 \"Andrew the Squirrel\" - 2:25 \"Mr. Eddie & Miss Angela, No. 2\" - :12 \"Woodchuck\" - :27 \"Puppy\" - 2:04 \"26 Sheep Story\" - :57 \"All the Little Animals\" - 2:33 \"Friend\" - 3:18 \"Mr. Eddie & Miss Angela, No. 3\" - :27 \"Can You Tell Me a Story\" - 2:21 \"Sleepy Deepy Do\" - :51 Personnel Don Barrett - bass guitar Lee Garner - acoustic guitar, electric guitar Eddie Rabbitt - acoustic guitar, lead vocals, background vocals Gene Sisk - sound effects, keyboards References 1998 albums Eddie Rabbitt albums", "title": "Songs from Rabbittland" }, { "docid": "24436724", "text": "\"Burn My Candle\" is the debut single by Shirley Bassey. It was recorded in February 1956, when Bassey was nineteen years old, and released later that month on a 78 rpm shellac disc (Philips PB 558), with \"Stormy Weather\" on the B-side. The record was produced by Johnny Franz, with Angela Morley and her Orchestra backing Bassey. The song was written for Bassey by Ross Parker (most notable for \"We'll Meet Again\") at the behest of Bassey's then-manager, Michael Sullivan, who was seeking a song to make Bassey stand out. The BBC banned the playing of the record, presumably due to its suggestive lyrics. In his 2010 biography of Bassey, John L. Williams writes that:The song taken in isolation, is blatantly sexual but hardly convincing, as the double entendres of the title give way to single entendres in the bridge – There's \"S\" for Scotch, that's so direct / And for straight and simple sex / \"I\" for invitation to / A close relationship with you / \"N\" for nothing bad nor less / \"S-I-N\", that's sin, I guess....And that, right there, is the key to Shirley Bassey's early success: she was blatantly sexy and yet somehow, if not innocent, at least not too knowing. Despite being popular with audiences, the record failed to chart. In a 2009 interview on the BBC series Imagine, Bassey stated:It was banned by the BBC, and I didn't know why. And I said, 'Why are they banning it?' And my manager said, well—the lyrics may have something to do with it—and I said, 'Yah? But what?' I didn't even know what it was about. I'd never sung a risqué song and I think they purposefully didn't tell me so that I could give it that innocence. Its first appearance on an album was The Bewitching Miss Bassey in 1959. On subsequent appearances the song is sometimes listed as \"Burn My Candle (At Both Ends)\". Most recently, it appears on the CD compilation Burn My Candle - The Complete Early Years. Bassey re-recorded the song in 1966, but it remained unreleased until 1975 when it appeared on the 2-LP set The Shirley Bassey Collection II. References 1956 songs 1956 debut singles Shirley Bassey songs Songs written by Ross Parker (songwriter) Philips Records singles Song recordings produced by Johnny Franz Songs banned by the BBC", "title": "Burn My Candle" }, { "docid": "5702467", "text": "Borrowed Tunes is a tribute album to Neil Young, released in 1994. The album was released as a two-CD set, one compiling acoustic songs and one compiling rock-oriented ones, although the two discs were also each sold individually. The album features a variety of Canadian musicians covering songs written by Neil Young. All profits from the album were donated to The Bridge School, which develops and uses advanced technologies to aid in the instruction of handicapped children. A second album called Borrowed Tunes II: A Tribute to Neil Young was released in 2007. Track listing Disc 1: Out of the Blue: An Acoustic Tribute to Neil Young Colin Linden, \"Intro\" Hemingway Corner, \"Tell Me Why\" Jann Arden, \"Birds\" Crash Vegas, \"Pocahontas\" Lawrence Gowan, \"Heart of Gold\" Jim Witter and Cassandra Vasik, \"Human Highway\" Jeff Healey, \"Harvest\" The Breits, \"Nowadays Clancy Can't Even Sing\" Lori Yates, \"Helpless\" The Waltons, \"Only Love Can Break Your Heart\" Amanda Marshall, \"Don't Let It Bring You Down\" Prescott-Brown, \"Comes a Time\" Malcolm Burn, \"Pardon My Heart\" Rose Chronicles, \"Old Man\" Cowboy Junkies, \"Tired Eyes\" Rheostatics and Bourbon Tabernacle Choir, \"Everybody Knows This Is Nowhere\" David Wilcox, \"Transformer Man\" Stephen Fearing, \"Thrasher\" Marc Jordan, \"Borrowed Tune\" Disc 2: Into the Black: An Electric Tribute to Neil Young Skydiggers, \"Mr. Soul\" Barney Bentall and the Legendary Hearts, \"Like a Hurricane\" Our Lady Peace, \"The Needle and the Damage Done\" Junkhouse, \"F*!#in' Up\" Blue Rodeo, \"I've Been Waiting for You\" Big Sugar, \"When You Dance I Can Really Love\" Colin Linden, \"Tonight's the Night\" Treble Charger, \"Albuquerque\" 54-40, \"Cortez the Killer\" Chocolatey (Steven Page, Tyler Stewart, Steve Duffy), \"Burned\" Philosopher Kings, \"Coupe De Ville\" hHead, \"Look Out for My Love\" Andy Curran, \"Cinnamon Girl\" Wild T and the Spirit, \"Down by the River\" Randy Bachman, \"The Loner\" Mystery Machine, \"Southern Man\" Art Bergmann and One Free Fall, \"Prisoners of Rock 'n Roll\" References Compilation albums by Canadian artists Neil Young tribute albums 1994 compilation albums Folk rock compilation albums", "title": "Borrowed Tunes: A Tribute to Neil Young" }, { "docid": "33704584", "text": "The following list is a discography of production by Hit-Boy, an American hip hop record producer and recording artist from Fontana, California. It includes a list of songs produced, co-produced and remixed by year, artist, album and title. Singles produced 2007 Jennifer Lopez - Brave 2. \"Forever\" (produced with The Clutch and Cory Rooney) Gucci Mane - Back to the Trap House 4. \"I Know Why\" (featuring Pimp C, Rich Boy and Blaze-1) (produced with Butta, Polow da Don, and Rio the Superproducer) 2008 Snoop Dogg - Ego Trippin' 20. \"Why Did You Leave Me\" (featuring Chilly Chil) (produced with Polow da Don) Flo Rida - Mail on Sunday 6. \"Priceless\" (featuring Birdman) (produced with Chase N. Cashe) Tiffany Evans - Tiffany Evans 6. \"Lay Back & Chill\" (produced with B. Carr and Chase N. Cashe) G-Unit - T·O·S (Terminate on Sight) 10. \"Kitty Kat\" The Pussycat Dolls - Doll Domination 14. \"Love the Way You Love Me\" (produced with Chase N. Cashe and DioGuardi) Brandy - Human 14. \"1st & Love\" (produced with Chase N. Cashe) 2009 Mary J. Blige - Stronger with Each Tear 11. \"Stronger\" (from motion picture More than a Game) (produced with Polow da Don) 2010 Lil Wayne - Rebirth 8. \"Drop the World\" (featuring Eminem) (produced with Chase N. Cashe) Dom Kennedy - From the Westside, With Love 2. \"Still Me\" 6. \"The 4 Heartbeats\" (featuring Overdoz) Macy Gray - The Sellout 1. \"The Sellout\" (produced with Chase N. Cashe) 11. \"On & On\" (produced with Don Cannon) Kanye West - GOOD Fridays \"Christmas in Harlem\" (featuring Cam'ron, Jim Jones, Vado, Cyhi the Prynce, Pusha T, Musiq Soulchild, Teyana Taylor and Big Sean) 2011 Dom Kennedy - The Original Dom Kennedy 8. \"Can't Let Go\" 9. \"CDC\" (featuring Casey Veggies and Carter) Bobby V - Fly on the Wall 13. \"Outfit\" (featuring Cyhi Da Prynce) (produced with B.Carr of Surf Club) Jennifer Hudson - I Remember Me 6. \"Gone\" (produced with Polow da Don and Harvey Mason Jr.) Smoke DZA - The Hustler's Catalog 12. \"How Far We Go (Uptown 81) (featuring Kendrick Lamar) Kelly Rowland - Here I Am 4. \"Lay It on Me\" (featuring Big Sean) JAY-Z and Kanye West - Watch the Throne 3. \"Niggas in Paris\" (produced with Kanye West, Mike Dean, and Anthony Kilhoffer) Wale - The Eleven One Eleven Theory 17. \"Underdogg\" The Game - The R.E.D. Album 9. \"The Good, the Bad, the Ugly\" Joe Jonas - Fastlife 11. \"Lighthouse\" (produced with Chris Brown) Pusha T - Fear of God II: Let Us Pray 10. \"My God\" (produced with Deezy) Rihanna - Talk That Talk 10. \"Watch n' Learn\" (produced with Kuk Harrell) 2012 The Wrldfms Tony Williams - King or the Fool 16. \"I Know You Missed It\" (featuring John Legend) Nicki Minaj - Pink Friday: Roman Reloaded 2. \"Come on a Cone\" 3. I Am Your Leader\" (featuring Cam'ron and Rick Ross) Justin Bieber - Believe 6. \"Right Here\" (featuring Drake) (produced with Kuk Harrell)", "title": "Hit-Boy production discography" }, { "docid": "2441984", "text": "Paul Martin Rodriguez Jr. (born December 31, 1984), also known by his nickname P-Rod, is an American professional street skateboarder and actor. Rodriguez has won a total of eight medals at the X Games, four of them gold, with the most recent first-place victory occurring in Los Angeles, California in July 2012. Early life and family Rodriguez was born in Tarzana, California, U.S. His father is actor and comedian Paul Rodriguez, and his mother is Laura Martinez. He also has an older sister Nikole and a younger brother Lucas. Paul was part of the 818, and the shop (off balboa, right?) that sponsored him. It was an elementary school that made him. As a child, Rodriguez occasionally got to meet celebrities through his father. In a later interview, he recounted one such memory: I'll tell you a good story about Mr. T. I believe it was 1988, every year there was a Christmas Day parade in Pasadena [California, US]; I was probably about three-and-a-half, four years-old—I loved Mr. T. He had the cartoon out at the time and all that. We were there at the banquet before the parade started 'cause my dad brought me to take me in the car to wave at the crowd, or whatever. And, ah, I had to go to the bathroom, my dad was getting interviewed, and, like, I tried to tell him; Mr. T was just standing there, chilling, 'cause they were just talking, and Mr. T goes, \"I'll take you\". And he throws me up on his shoulders, and I'm sitting up on top of all his gold chains. I remember it perfectly and he put me on top of his shoulders and walked me to the bathroom; like, just waited outside for me, and it was sick. Mr. T chauffeured me to [the bathroom]. Rodriguez's nickname \"P-Rod\" was given to him by his classmates when he was around eleven years old. When he was twelve, Rodriguez received his first skateboard as a Christmas gift from his parents. Rodriguez had seen a group of skateboarders at his new school and was immediately fascinated by \"how they kept their board to their feet and how they could flip it.\" Rodriguez said in June 2014: \"I got money, got myself a board, and it was game over.\" Rodriguez stated in a July 2013 interview that he slept with new skateboard products as a child due to his passion for skateboarding, and admitted that he slept with his first Street League Skateboarding (SLS) trophy. Rodriguez attended Birmingham High School in Van Nuys, CA. Career Rodriguez was initially recruited to the team of a local skateboard shop named \"One Eighteen\", managed by an Andy Netkin, who was 19 years old at the time, while Rodriguez had just become 14 years old. As he was too shy at the time, Rodriguez asked a friend to submit his \"Sponsor me\" video tape to Netkin, who was immediately impressed and asked the friend to bring Rodriguez into the store.", "title": "Paul Rodriguez (skateboarder)" }, { "docid": "9091354", "text": "Cherry T. Chevapravatdumrong (; born December 1, 1977) also known as Cherry Cheva, is an American author, screenwriter, comedian and producer. She was an executive producer of Rosie's Rules and Family Guy (at one time, its only female writer) and a co-executive producer of The Orville and Resident Alien. She co-wrote and produced the 2023 film Joy Ride. Early life and education Chevapravatdumrong was born in Columbus, Ohio and raised in Ann Arbor, Michigan, graduating from Huron High School in 1995. She majored in psychology at Yale University, where she wrote for The Yale Record, the college's humor magazine. She later earned a Juris Doctor degree from New York University Law School, where she wrote for the comedic Law Revue. During law school, she spent her summers working at law firms and her winter breaks waiting tables at her parents' restaurant. Career Chevapravatdumrong moved to Los Angeles to pursue writing. Before working on Family Guy, she was a writer's assistant on the CBS series Listen Up She released two young adult novels, She's So Money and DupliKate, under the name Cherry Cheva. Family Guy Chevapravatdumrong was at one time the only female writer on Family Guy (a fact mentioned in the episode \"Roasted Guy\"), and also a co-executive producer. Her last name was used in its entirety in the episode \"And I'm Joyce Kinney\" as the real last name of Joyce Kinney. When asked why she changed her name, Joyce responds \"because they would never let that name (Chevapravatdumrong) on TV.\" In the episode \"Jesus, Mary and Joseph!\" Peter breaks the fourth wall by rearranging the letters of her name in the opening credits to say \"Chemotherapy vanguard vCr\" (with one \"r\" left over, which he throws at Lois in a childlike tantrum when she points this out). In the episode \"Dead Dog Walking\", Peter again breaks the fourth wall by saying that her address is 11700 Hollywood Way, North Hollywood, CA 91065 (an address that does not actually exist), and that she is also a lawyer. In the episode \"No Giggity, No Doubt\", Peter lists her name among examples of people (mainly other Family Guy characters, increasing in obscurity) who should go on an excursion with Meg: \"Cherry Chevapravatdumrong, that's how that name is pronounced.\" Episodes As writer: \"Sibling Rivalry\" (2006) \"Saving Private Brian\" (2006) \"Prick Up Your Ears\" (2006) \"Boys Do Cry\" (2007) \"Ocean's Three and a Half\" (2009) \"We Love You, Conrad\" (2009) \"Hannah Banana\" (2009) \"And Then There Were Fewer\" (2010) \"It's a Trap!\" (2011) \"The Blind Side\" (2012) \"Friends Without Benefits\" (2012) \"Quagmire's Quagmire\" (2013) \"Turkey Guys\" (2014) \"Candy, Quahog Marshmallow\" (2016) \"Gronkowsbees\" (2017) \"Dog Bites Bear\" (2018) \"Throw It Away\" (2019) \"Holly Bibble\" (2020) As executive story editor: \"Chick Cancer\" (2006) \"Barely Legal\" (2006) \"The Tan Aquatic with Steve Zissou\" (2007) \"Airport '07\" (2007) \"Bill & Peter's Bogus Journey\" (2007) \"No Meals on Wheels\" (2007) \"McStroke\" (2008) As story editor: \"You May Now Kiss the... Uh... Guy Who Receives\" (2006) \"The Griffin Family History\"", "title": "Cherry Chevapravatdumrong" }, { "docid": "14745389", "text": "(born February 21, 1984) is a Japanese model and actress. Her birth name is . She was born in Shōwa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture. She played the lead role in the 2008 TBS drama Daisuki!! Filmography Dramas Kabachitare (2001) Long Love Letter (2002) Division 1 (2004) Nurseman ga Yuku (2004) Umizaru (2005) Yaoh (2006) CA to Oyobi (2006) Message (2006) Walk My Way / Boku no Aruku Michi (2006) Tsubasa no Oreta Tenshitachi / Angels with Broken Wings (2007) Bambino! (2007) Ushi ni Negai wo: Love & Farm (2007) Daisuki!! (2008) Sensei wa Erai! (2008) Ryokiteki na Kanojo (2008) Kiri no Hi (2008) Myu no Anyo Papa ni Ageru (2008) Real Clothes (2008) as Kinue Amano Galileo: Episode Zero (2008) as Namie Shindo Love Shuffle (2009) as Airu Aizawa Kochira Katsushika-ku Kameari Koen-mae Hashutsujo (2009) as Catherine Reiko Akimoto Hataraku Gon! (2009) as Izumi Ami Real Clothes (2009) as Kinue Amano Job Hopper Buy a House (2010) as Manami Chiba Misaki Number One!! (2011) as Misaki Tenoji The Reason I Can't Find My Love (Watashi ga Renai Dekinai Riyuu) (2011) as Emi Fujii Dirty Mama! (2012) as Aoi Nagashima Honto ni Atta Kowai Hanashi 2012 Aru Natsu no Dekigoto (2012) PRICELESS ~Aru Wake Nedaro,n namon!~ (2012) as Aya Nikaido Summer Nude (2013) as Natsuki Chiyohara kekkonshiki no zenjitsu ni as hitomi serizawa kirawareru yuuki (2017) as ando ranko AI~watashi to kanojo to jinkou chinou as tanaka shizuku takane no hana (2018) as chiaki shinjo (ep.7) Koi wa tsuzuku yo doko made mo (2020) as Ryuko Tendo Why Didn't I Tell You a Million Times? (2023) Film Sky of Love (2007) Doraemon: The Record of Nobita's Spaceblazer (2009) Photograph of Memories (2021) And So I'm at a Loss (2023) Other works Magazines 『Ray』 (2000-2014) 『GINGER』 (2009-) Books 『KARINA』 (2005.1.25) 『I can.』 (2008.10.31) 『One.』 (2011.10.27) References External links karina-karina.com Japanese television actresses Models from Nagoya Actors from Nagoya 1984 births Living people Japanese female models", "title": "Karina Nose" }, { "docid": "7067345", "text": "Ice Water is the seventh album by guitarist Leo Kottke. It contains Kottke's only charting single, the Tom T. Hall composition \"Pamela Brown\". Ice Water peaked at #69 on the Billboard Pop Albums charts. It was re-issued on CD by BGO (CD146) in 1992 and One Way Records in 1996. Kottke has stated that he recorded the vocals for the entire album while lying on his back after being told by an Air Force sergeant that this position helps open the diaphragm and could improve one's singing voice (Kottke amusingly admits that \"it didn't work\"). Reception Writing for Allmusic, music critic Bruce Eder noted that the album was more directed to country flavored vocals and wrote of the album \"This is a good record, though not the Leo Kottke album to start with, as it is not representative of his usual work... Among the instrumentals, \"A Good Egg\" is just the kind of light-fingered, light-textured virtuoso piece that one buys a Leo Kottke album expecting to find, and much of the rest shows off his talents in some unexpected directions.\" Track listing All songs by Leo Kottke except as noted. Side one \"Morning is the Long Way Home\" – 6:26 \"Pamela Brown\" (Tom T. Hall) – 4:03 \"A Good Egg\" – 3:10 \"Tilt Billings and the Student Prince\" (Leo Kottke, Ron Nagle) – 4:56 \"All Through the Night\" (Traditional; arranged by Kottke) – 1:30 Side two \"Short Stories\" (Leo Kottke, Cal Hand) – 3:01 \"You Tell Me Why\" (Ron Elliott) – 3:58 \"You Know I Know You Know\" – 4:08 \"Born to Be With You\" (Don Robertson) – 3:02 \"A Child Should Be a Fish\" – 3:45 Charts Personnel Leo Kottke — 6- & 12-string guitar, vocals Bill Berg — drums, percussion Bill Peterson — bass Bill Barber - piano, synthesizer Cal Hand — dobro, steel guitar Production notes Album Design & Illustration Concept—John Van Hamersveld Produced By Denny Bruce (Takoma Productions, Inc.) Recorded, Mixed & Mastered—Sound 80, Minneapolis, Minnesota Engineer—Paul “Don't Call Me Slater Martin” Martinson References External links Leo Kottke's official site Unofficial Leo Kottke web site (fan site) The Capitol Years 1974 albums Leo Kottke albums Capitol Records albums Albums produced by Denny Bruce", "title": "Ice Water (album)" }, { "docid": "19993652", "text": "Excuses for Bad Behavior is a two-part album series by Sandra Bernhard. The first album was released in 1994 while the second was released in 2004. Part one Excuses for Bad Behavior (Part One) is a combination of spoken comedy bits, comedic songs, and pop/rock music. Co-written and co-produced by Bernhard's longtime collaborator Mitch Kaplan, the album features Bernhard singing originals and standards. Disco classic \"You Make Me Feel (Mighty Real)\" begins with a vocal solo and is then translated to a modern dance song. \"Manic Superstar\" combines the song \"Everything's Alright\" from the musical Jesus Christ Superstar and the song \"Manic Depression\" by Jimi Hendrix. \"Sympathy For the Devil\" by the Rolling Stones is also covered. Comedic bits include the spoken word \"The Letter\", in which Bernhard reads a fictional letter from a lesbian fan who has \"heard\" the album in question (\"Jesus Christ, why is she singing?\"). \"Christmas\" is a story of holidays past told by a Jewish woman who never actually experienced them. Other songs have a comedic edge, such as \"Prophecies\", a spoof on 1-900 psychic hotlines. The album was released on a smaller independent label and did moderately well, but is currently unavailable for mainstream purchase. Plans for a special two-disc re-release (made exclusively available on Bernhard's website) have been posted there for over a year, but no product has been offered yet. Reception Track listing \"Excuses For Bad Behavior\" \"You Make Me Feel (Mighty Real)\" \"Manic Superstar\" \"(I'm Waiting)\" \"Who Knew?!\" \"Innocence\" \"The Letter\" \"Lonely Town\" \"Christmas\" \"Prophecies\" \"Sympathy For The Devil\" \"Manhattan\" \"Phone Sex (Do You Want Me Tonight?)\" \"(I'm Waiting)\" \"50 Ways To Leave Your Lover\" \"La Lupe\" \"The Woman I Could've Been\" \"The Way You Make Me Feel\" Part two Excuses for Bad Behavior (Part Two), like Part One, is a combination of spoken comedy bits, comedic songs, and pop/country/rock music. Unlike Part One, the album was not released by a major label. It was sold on burned CD-Rs by Bernhard at her live shows and via her website. Bernhard announced in 1995 that she had no interest in making a (Part 2), despite the title of (Part 1) , and that rather the title was simply a \"tongue-in-cheek twist on\" the Guns N' Roses albums Use Your Illusion I & II. The album deals heavily with politics, including discussions about 9/11. In \"The Dixie Chicks\", Bernhard sings: \"The Dixie Chicks were wrong, then right. I can't comprehend what is true. You tell me something, then take it back. Why the hell do you support Iraq?\" The political controversy that surrounded The Dixie Chicks is discussed. A small tour was launched to accompany the release. They would later become friends; Natalie Maines of The Dixie Chicks appeared at several of Bernhard's performances of her later show Everything Bad & Beautiful, and the group and Bernhard appeared in a Christmas commercial for Old Navy. Track listing Here I Go Again Crazy Day In The Valley Surreal With Love High Alert At 20th", "title": "Excuses for Bad Behavior" }, { "docid": "3169408", "text": "Painted Dreams is an American radio soap opera that premiered on WGN radio, Chicago, on October 20, 1930 and last aired in July 1943. It is widely considered by scholars of the genre to be the first daytime soap opera or drama-by-installment serial. The first to be broadcast in daytime over a radio network would be Clara, Lu 'n Em, two years later. In 1930 radio station WGN asked Irna Phillips, who worked for them as an actress, to create a 15-minute daily show \"about a family,\" to air during the day. Painted Dreams was the result. Phillips wrote and acted in the show until 1932 when she asked WGN to sell the show to a national broadcaster. When they refused, Phillips sued, claiming the show was her property. The dispute was finally settled in 1938, and the show was acquired by CBS. Meanwhile, Phillips had left WGN in 1932, creating Today's Children for rival station WMAQ with virtually the same plot premises and characters. Plot Phillips' storyline followed the relationship of Irish-American widow Mother Moynihan and her unmarried daughter. Listeners in 1931 heard this dialogue in episode 25: (Kitchen: Irene and Sue arguing. Mrs. Moynihan preparing breakfast.) IRENE: I tell you, Sue, it won’t work. I’ve never worn that shade of orchid in all my life. I’d look like a perfect washout. Besides, that’s your very best special occasion dress. I wouldn’t think of taking it. SUE: Don’t be silly. A wedding is a special occasion, isn’t it? And as long as I won’t need to wear it, you might just as well. If you’re a bridesmaid, you’ve got to look the part, kid. IRENE: But I don’t look good in that color. I’d look faded or something. SUE: Cracked ice! You can’t tell. You’ve never had it on. Gee, with gold slippers and a gold turban hat, you’d be a wow! Wouldn’t she, Mrs. Moynihan? MRS.: Won't you be wearing it, Sue? SUE: Why no; there's no reasons for my dressing up. I'm not in the wedding party. And I think that it would be just right for Irene, if there were a few tucks taken in around the waist. Anyway, it would save her from buying a dress. IRENE: Well, who says I don't want to buy a dress? It's about time I was getting a new formal, anyhow. I haven't got a rag that's fit to be seen. Phillips occasionally played the lead of Mother Moynihan, as did Bess Flynn, who was a member of the show's writing team. Flynn, born August 18, 1899, in Tama, Iowa, went on to script three other soap operas: We, the Abbotts, Bachelor's Children and Martha Webster (originally titled Life Begins). In addition to performing the title role on Martha Webster, she also portrayed the annoying maid Tilda on The Gumps. See also List of radio soaps References External links The Paley Center for Media: Irna Phillips History of radio in the United States American radio soap operas 1930s American", "title": "Painted Dreams" }, { "docid": "11254298", "text": "Yapa-Hadda, also Yapah-Hadda, was the mayor/ruler of Biruta-(Beirut) of the 1350-1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence. Yapa-Hadda is referenced in 13 letters of the Amarna letters 382–letter corpus, and specifically in relation to neighboring Gubla-(Byblos), ruled by Rib-Hadda, (who was the most prolific writer of the Amarna letters, (68)). Yapa-Hadda is sometimes the subject of letters, typically involved with his ships, and a collusion of cities, all against Gubla and Rib-Haddi. Yapa-Hadda is the author of two letters, both sent to the pharaoh, one by way of Šumu-Haddi, (EA 97), the other to the pharaoh by way of an Egyptian commissioner (EA 98), (EA is for 'el Amarna'). The intrigued letters of Yapah-Hadda EA 113, title: \"War and peace\" This letter is tablet-II of a two-tablet letter. Letter no. 42 of 68, authored by Rib-Hadda of Gubla: (Tablet 113–I is nonexistent.) \"Moreover, ... -lacuna of 3 lines-(a 2nd letter(two-tablet letter)) ... Inquire from another may[or]. Is he not [always] c[ommitting] or plotting a crime? Look, Yapah-Hadda has commit[ted] a crime. Be informed! [What] has the king-(i.e. pharaoh), done to hi[m]? Moreover, what have I done t[o] Yapah-Hadda that he plo[ts] evil upon evil against m[e]? As he has plundered two of my ships and my sheep and goats so that the amount of my property in his possession is very large, may the king [se]nd his commissioner [to de]cide between the two of us. [Everything] that [is ta]ken from him [may he (the king) take]. Concerning [my] property [that] is in [his] possession [he should inquire of] my [m]en ... [... fr]om Rib-Hadda, [and] for the 'Apiru, has [all of it] be[en acquired], but there is no one that [can ta]ke anything belonging to him from my [hand]. Why am [I] not able like my associates to send a man to the palace? Their cities are theirs, [and] they are at peace. May the Sun establish [my] honor in your presence so that you bring peace to [your servant], and then he will never leave your side. Tell Amanmašša to sta[y] with me so he can brin[g] my tablet to yo[u. For] once he goes off, there will be no one to bring [my tablet] to you. So may the [k]ing be con[cerned] about Amanmašša [so] he sta[ys with me] ... and Yapah-Hadda ... [So send] provisions for the cities t[hat have not] turned again[st you].\" -EA 113–II, lines 4-48 (complete, but with lacunae) EA 97, title: \"A bad reputation\" Letter of Yapa-Hadda sent to the Egyptian pharaoh by way of Sumu Haddi: \"To Šumu-Hadd[i (...): Mes]sage of Yap pa[h-Hadda]. May (your personal) god show concern for you. [I kn]ow that your reputation with the king-(i.e. pharaoh) is [b]ad, and so you cannot leave Egypt-('Mizri', see: Mizraim). You did [n]ot cause the loss of [the king's lands; 'Abdi-Aširta c]aused the loss. .... ... ...\" -EA 97 (complete lines 1-11; 12-21(end) is a lacuna) EA 98, title: \"Losses from Byblos to Ugarit\" Letter sent to Egypt, and commissioner, Yanhamu: \"[S]ay [t]o Yanhamu:", "title": "Yapa-Hadda" }, { "docid": "26134446", "text": "Titus Lee Turner (May 1, 1933 – September 13, 1984) was an American R&B and East Coast blues singer and songwriter. His best-remembered recordings are \"We Told You Not to Marry\" and \"Sound-Off\". He also wrote \"Leave My Kitten Alone\", \"Sticks and Stones\" and \"Tell Me Why\". Biography Turner was born in Atlanta, Georgia. His debut single, \"Where Are You\", was released in 1950 by Aladdin Records, credited to Mr. T and his Band. Another single, \"Stop Trying to Make a Fool of Me\", was released by Regal Records in 1951. A year later he recorded eight tracks for Okeh Records, including \"Got So Much Trouble\". He then recorded for Wing, an imprint of Mercury Records, but he was not commercially successful until 1955, when Little Willie John recorded Turner's \"All Around the World\". Another version, retitled \"Grits Ain't Groceries\", was by Little Milton. Turner and John then co-wrote \"Leave My Kitten Alone\", cover versions of which were recorded by Johnny Preston, the Beatles, and Elvis Costello. In 1959, King Records issued Turner's first hit single, \"The Return of Stagolee\", an answer song to Lloyd Price's \"Stagger Lee\". He repeated the trick with his next release, \"We Told You Not to Marry\", an answer to Price's \"I'm Gonna Get Married\". In 1960, Ray Charles recorded Turner's song \"Sticks and Stones\", many cover versions of which have been issued over the years. By 1961 Turner had his biggest solo success with \"Sound-Off\", which came from the only album he ever released. The track was described by Joel Whitburn in Top Pop Singles 1955–2002 as a \"popular US Army marching drill chant\", which had been a number 3 hit for Vaughn Monroe in 1951. Later singles failed to find a market, and Turner recorded for many labels throughout the 1960s without further tangible success. These included \"Eye to Eye\" (Okeh, 1966). His final release was a song he wrote, \"His Funeral, My Trial\", in 1969. Turner died in Atlanta in 1984. Notable songwriting credits \"All Around the World\", also known as \"Grits Ain't Groceries\" (Turner) \"Big John\" (Turner) \"Get on the Right Track Baby\" (Turner) \"Hey Doll Baby\" (Traditional, Turner) \"Hold Your Loving\" (Bernice Snelson, Turner) \"If It's Good\" (Julia Lee, Turner) - Julia Lee and her Boyfriends \"Leave My Kitten Alone\" (Little Willie John, James McDougal, Turner) \"Little Girl Lost\" (Luther Dixon, Lou Harrison, Turner) \"Living in Misery\" (Turner) \"Lotus Blossom\" (Julia Lee, Turner) - Julia Lee and her Boyfriends \"People Sure Act Funny\" (Bobby Robinson, Turner) \"Soulville\" (Henry Glover, Morris Levy, Dinah Washington, Turner) \"Sticks and Stones\" (Turner) \"Stop the Pain\" (Turner) \"Tell It Like It Is\" (Turner) - Little Willie John \"Tell Me Why\" (Turner) - Marie Knight (1956), Gale Storm (1956), The Crew-Cuts (1956), Elvis Presley (1966) Discography Albums Sound Off (1961), Jamie Compilation albums Soulville: Golden Classics (1990), Collectables Records Sound Off: The Jamie Masters (1994), Bear Family Titans of R&B (1998), Red Lightnin' (UK) 1949–1954 (2005), Classics R&B Chart singles \"Return of Stagolee\" (King 5186) (April", "title": "Titus Turner" }, { "docid": "1342427", "text": "\"Montana\" is the regional anthem of the U.S. state of Montana. It was written by Charles Cohan and composed by Joseph E. Howard and was adopted as the state song on February 20, 1945. Lyrics Tell me of that Treasure State, Story always new, Tell of its beauties grand And its hearts so true. Mountains of sunset fire The land I love the best Let me grasp the hand of one From out the golden West Montana, Montana, Glory of the West Of all the states from coast to coast, You're easily the best Montana, Montana, Where skies are always blue M-O-N-T-A-N-A Montana I love you! Each country has its flower; Each one plays a part, Each bloom brings a longing hope To some lonely heart. Bitterroot to me is dear Growing in my land Sing then that glorious air The one I understand. Montana, Montana, Glory of the West Of all the states from coast to coast, You're easily the best Montana, Montana, Where skies are always blue M-O-N-T-A-N-A Montana I love you!''' External links Song history by Travel Montana Songs about Montana Montana culture Montana 1945 Music of Montana", "title": "Montana (state song)" }, { "docid": "65950799", "text": "\"Never Gonna Give You Up\" is a song by reggae band Musical Youth, released in February 1983 as the third single from their debut album The Youth of Today. It peaked at number 6 on the UK Singles Chart. Reception Reviewing the song for Record Mirror, Robin Smith wrote \"Musical Youth could put a smile on the face of a condemned man. Infectious reggae that's instantly acceptable even for a usually miserable sod like me. If it was possible to have this blasting out of speakers across the country, then Britain would be a far happier place, brothers and sisters\". Music video The music video was directed by Don Letts and filmed in Jamaica, with part of it showing the band performing at Titchfield High School in Port Antonio. Dennis Seaton said that \"I don't think [the children] really knew that we played our instruments. They was asking us why we became singers and we started telling them all the time that we played the instruments too\". Releases In the UK and Europe, the 7-inch single was released with two B-sides: \"Rub 'n' Dub\" and \"Jim'll Fix It\", the latter of which was a cover of the theme song of the British television show of the same name. However, in the US and Canada, the single was released with only \"Rub 'n' Dub\" as the B-side. There were several different versions of the 12-inch single released. In Europe, the single was released with \"Rub 'n' Dub\" as the B-side with both songs being extended versions, subtitled on the sleeve as 'Special 12\" Version'. In the UK, \"Never Gonna Give You Up\" and \"Run 'n' Dub\" were released as a double A-side single, with the former being the Special 12\" Version, whereas the latter was a special dub mix by Paul \"Groucho\" Smykle. In the US and Canada a 'New Mix' of the Special 12\" Version of \"Never Gonna Give You Up\" was released, lasting over 10 minutes long. Two B-sides were released with this: \"Mirror Mirror\" and the extended version of \"Rub 'n' Dub\". Track listings 7\" (UK & Europe) \"Never Gonna Give You Up\" – 3:12 \"Rub 'n' Dub\" – 3:50 \"Jim'll Fix It\" – 2:35 7\" (US & Canada) \"Never Gonna Give You Up\" – 3:12 \"Rub 'n' Dub\" – 3:50 12\" (Europe) \"Never Gonna Give You Up\" – 6:28 \"Rub 'n' Dub\" – 6:15 12\" (US & Canada) \"Never Gonna Give You Up\" – 10:33 \"Mirror Mirror\" – 2:37 \"Rub 'n' Dub\" – 6:15 12\" (UK) \"Rub 'n' Dub\" – 6:30 \"Never Gonna Give You Up\" – 6:28 Charts References Musical Youth songs 1983 singles Reggae fusion songs Song recordings produced by Peter Collins (record producer) 1982 songs", "title": "Never Gonna Give You Up (Musical Youth song)" }, { "docid": "9423838", "text": "Protocol analysis is a psychological research method that elicits verbal reports from research participants. Protocol analysis is used to study thinking in cognitive psychology (Crutcher, 1994), cognitive science (Simon & Kaplan, 1989), and behavior analysis (Austin & Delaney, 1998). It has found further application in the design of surveys and interviews (Sudman, Bradburn & Schwarz, 1996), usability testing (Henderson, Smith, Podd, & Varela-Alvarez, 1995), educational psychology (Pressley & Afflerbach 1995; Renkl, 1997) and design research (Gero & McNeill 1998). With the introduction of video- and audio-based based surveys, the scale and scope of verbal report collection is increased dramatically compared to in-person verbal report recording (Byrd, Joseph, Gongora, & Sirota 2023). See also Content analysis Partial concurrent thinking aloud Think aloud protocol References Austin, J., & Delaney, P. F. (1998). Protocol analysis as a tool for behavior analysis. Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 15, 41–56. Crutcher, R. J. (1994). Telling what we know: The use of verbal report methodologies in psychological research. Psychological Science, 5, 241–244. Ericsson, K. A., & Crutcher, R. J. (1991). Introspection and verbal reports on cognitive processes - two approaches to the study of thought processes: A response to Howe. New Ideas in Psychology, 9, 57–71. Ericsson, K. A., & Simon, H. A. (1993). Protocol analysis: Verbal reports as data. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. Gero, J. S. & McNeill, T (1998) An approach to the analysis of design protocols, Design Studies 19(1): 21-61. Pressley, M., & Afflerbach, P. (1995). Verbal protocols of reading: The nature of constructively responsive reading. Hillsdale, NJ, USA: Erlbaum. Renkl, A. (1997). Learning from worked-out examples: A study on individual differences. Cognitive Science, 21, 1–29. Sudman, S., Bradburn, N. M., & Schwarz, N. (Eds.)(1996). Thinking about answers: The application of cognitive processes to survey methodology. San Francisco, CA, USA: Jossey-Bass. Byrd, Nick; Joseph, Brianna; Gongora, Gabriela; Sirota, Miroslav (2023). \"Tell Us What You Really Think: A Think Aloud Protocol Analysis of the Verbal Cognitive Reflection Test\". Journal of Intelligence. 11 (4). https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence11040076. External links protocol analysis : A tool for facilitating verbal protocol analysis in English, German, Spanish, or Chinese. Psychological methodology Cognitive science", "title": "Protocol analysis" }, { "docid": "63402249", "text": "\"Wish You Were Sober\" is a song by American singer-songwriter Conan Gray. It was released on March 18, 2020 by Republic Records as the fifth single from his debut studio album Kid Krow. The song was written by Conan Gray and Dan Nigro. Background The song addresses the mistakes of Gray's teenage years, and acknowledges that \"moments from young adult life aren't always remembered.\" The song focuses on a specific incident where Gray's love interest would confess their love for him whilst \"black out drunk\". The song was described as \"the most straightforward pop song\" on the album, and was praised by E! for its \"confessional lyrics and the excellent alt-pop production.\" Music video A music video to accompany the release of \"Wish You Were Sober\" was first released on YouTube on March 20, 2020. The video was directed by BRUME. The video was released with the album and gained over 400 thousand views in 48 hours. Composition and lyrics On Apple Music Editor's Notes under Gray's album Kid Krow, Gray writes that \"It's [\"Wish You Were Sober\"] a song that I ended up sticking on the album last minute ’cause it was so much fun when I was making it. I wrote it about this person who I really, really liked and I wrote a lot of songs on my album about them and they just wouldn't tell me that they liked me back or would never tell me their true feelings unless they were blackout drunk. It was a weird, bittersweet feeling, because on one side you're thinking, ‘Yay, they like me and they have feelings for me and they like me back.’ On the other side you're thinking, ‘Why can't you tell me this when you're sober? Why can't you tell me this in daylight?’ I think the song is about all those mixed emotions and all the craziness behind being young and getting super drunk and calling someone and telling them that you love them.” Critical reception The song received positive reviews from music critics, who praised the lyrics and production. Taylor Swift praised Gray's \"Wish You Were Sober\" on her Instagram story claiming that it was her favorite song off Gray's debut album. Swift stated “Obsessed with this whole album. but this song [\"Wish You Were Sober\"] right here is a masterpiece. Not trying to be loud but this will be on repeat for my whole life. Volume all the way up.” Helen Ehrlich from Affinity Magazine declared that \"'Wish You Were Sober' is the song that plays in a coming of age film after the main character completely claims their identity. 'Wish You Were Sober' is the sensation of bursting out of a party, onto the front porch and out into the cool night. 'Wish You Were Sober' is a breath of fresh air.\" Credits and personnel Credits adapted from Tidal. Dan Nigro – producer, composer, lyricist, associated performer, bass, drum programming, electric guitar, engineer, keyboards, mix engineer, studio personnel, synthesizer Conan Gray –", "title": "Wish You Were Sober" }, { "docid": "44154079", "text": "Emilia is a studio album by Swedish singer Emilia released in November 2000. Saleswise, the album became less successful than her previous album. Track listing Sorry I'm in Love - 3:04 (A. Carlsson, D. Carr, T. Champlin) Kiss by Kiss - 4:00 (D. Carr, P. Lönn, A.D. Rich) Johnny Come Lately - 3:09 (A. Cantrall, S. Selover) Before I Fall - 3:20 (J. Elofsson, T. Cox) Girlfriend 2:55 (J. Lindman) Playin' It By Heart - 3:54 (A. Carlsson, D. Carr, A.D. Rich, A.R. Scott) If It's Gonna Be You - 3:07 (J. Lindman, E. Rydberg) What If I Told You... - 3:51 (D. Eriksen, E. Rydberg) Heaven - 3:36 (B. Adams, J. Vallance) My Love Is True - 3:14 (D. Carr, P. Lönn, E. Rydberg) Tell Me Why - 3:55 (M. Pettersen, T. Eriksen) Say You Will (Or Say You Won't) - 3:52 (P. Söderqvist, N. Windahl, E. Rydberg) Supergirl - 3:09 (D. Carr, P. Bruhn, E. Rydberg) Supergirl Outro - 1:06 (D. Carr, P. Bruhn, E. Rydberg) Contributors Emilia – vocals Johan Lindman – guitar Douglas Carr – guitar, keyboards Charts References 2000 albums Emilia Rydberg albums Universal Music Group albums", "title": "Emilia (album)" }, { "docid": "56293118", "text": "Aggi Ravva () is a 1981 Telugu-language action film, produced by N. T. Rama Rao under the Ramakrishna Cine Studios banner and directed by K. Bapayya. It stars N. T. Rama Rao and Sridevi, with music composed by K. V. Mahadevan. The film is inspired by an English movie. The film was a Hit at the box office. Plot Ramu is young and energetic and the only son of I. G. Raja Shekaram, whose aim is to see his son as a police officer. But his timid mother Meenakshi disagrees. Meanwhile, Ramu falls in love with a beautiful girl Vani. Here Ramu makes a plan as if he is working in Vani's company and in the name of promotion, he leaves for the police training. Apart from this, at a town called Nagarajapuram, three traitors make a lot of atrocities, Narasimham, Bhairavaiah and Menaka, who behave like respectable citizens in the society. These people perpetrate many activities such as smuggling, gambling, prostitution, woman-trafficking, etc. Here no one dares to question them and if any police officer who protests will be killed. I. G. Raja Shekaram assigns the case to his nephew Inspector Suryam but they trap him also in their custody by kidnapping his sister Radha. Now Raja Shekaram himself camps in the area when the traitors attack him and in the shootout, he loses a limb. At the same time, Ramu successfully comes back from the police training. But seeing his father's condition, a volcano bursts in his heart. At present, Ramu wants to take revenge against those criminals, he requests govt and makes his appointment at Nagarajapuram. By taking his father's blessings Ramu reaches Najarajapuram and before leaving he tells his father not to reveal this secret to his mother. Immediately, stepping he gives a direct warning to the traitors. After that, he catches them red-handed and presents them in the court, but they successfully escape from the sentence. On that night they capture Ramu, torture him badly and throws on the road. They keep their danger flag as a symbol, that's why no one comes forward for his rescue. Fortunately, Vani passing from that way spots and takes him to hospital. After recovery, Ramu crushes them all when they put a case on him. In the court where he shows the evil deed happened to him by which the court decides him as innocent. Here Ramu understands that anger is not only the source to catch criminals it should also require a proper wit. So, he changes his attire along with Vani and in various forms of disguise, he collects the pieces of evidence against them. Narasimham learns of this when he kidnaps Raja Shekaram and also kills his wife Meenakshi. Seeing his mother's dead body, Ramu destroys their empire and gets them arrested. Finally, the movie ends on a happy note with the marriage of Ramu and Vani. Cast N. T. Rama Rao as Ramu Sridevi as Vani Satyanarayana as Narasimham Mohan Babu as Inspector Suryam", "title": "Aggi Ravva" }, { "docid": "21627455", "text": "Robert Earl Sawyer (June 5, 1923 – November 11, 1994) was an American playwright, director and actor. Early life Sawyer was born in Miami, Florida. His parents were Robert Wolworth Sawyer and Merline Thompson Sawyer who emigrated to Florida from Nassau, Bahamas. He graduated from the Booker T. Washington High School in Miami. Sawyer was a United States World War II veteran. After his separation from the military he attended New York University where he studied English and Drama, majoring in creative writing. He spent two additional years of study at the Lajos Egri's School of Writing in New York, where he studied advance creative writing. Professional life He starred, produced and directed his own plays as well as the plays of other writers in New York City, Miami, Washington D.C., Las Vegas, San Francisco, and Los Angeles. His plays include: Blood in Mississippi (1957) a political play. What's Good for the Goose (1958), a two-act comedy about marriage fidelity. The Breadwinner, (1959) a comedy drama in three acts. The story of the indomitable spirit of a proud and beautiful woman who struggles to overcome all the moral and physical agonies of poverty in order to provide her two children with a better future. Of The Breadwinner, Stephan Miller wrote in Seattle Post-Intelligencer in 1971: One of the beauties of Robert Earl Sawyer’s play ... is that it leaves you feeling so good. It leaves you feeling that whatever miseries consume you at the moment, those of the characters are so much worse and so much more gracefully overcome. From 1980 until his death in 1994, Sawyer had his own production company called RES (Robert Earl Sawyer) Productions. Sawyer wrote, produced and directed the first black television soap opera Rainbow Street, in 1989. It aired in Atlanta, GA, Pasadena, CA, Los Angeles, CA and Las Vegas, NV, in 1989. Activism Sawyer was a lifelong activist for human rights, particularly for minorities in the world of arts. He insisted upon a substantially increased representation of minorities in the literary and screen world. Melody Malmberg wrote in \"The Outsiders\" in The Weekly, Altadena, in 1984: Despite the appearance of progress, black artists still find that the entertainment industry is a private club. Here's why. Six people sat in the Lake Avenue Studio of the Federation for the Advancement of Minority Artists (FAMA) on a recent morning. The talk turned to their professional life. Joe Montell, executive director of FAMA, acted as host. The guests were: Josephine Toussaint, Don Davis, Joseph Taylor, Robert Earl Sawyer and Marlene Labat. Quotations by Robert E. Sawyer: It's not a problem being black - the problem rests with the undeveloped mentality of those who are in a position to make a moral and intellectual decision about the fundamental equality of minorities. And by having this malfunction they deny the literary and screen world the right to enjoy other cultures and musical and writing geniuses. And at the other side, the lethargy of the black businessman - and", "title": "Robert Earl Sawyer" }, { "docid": "47770468", "text": "Penny Rae Framstad is an American singer and songwriter whose musical style has been generally classified as pop, rock, and singer/songwriter influences. She has shared the stage with The Doobie Brothers, Sixpence None the Richer, and Matt Nathanson, among others and has performed at the House of Blues, The Viper Room, The Catalyst, and the Sweetwater Saloon, among other venues. Early life and career Framstad was born in Santa Cruz, California to parents Raymond and Eula (née McCoy) Framstad. She co-wrote, Even Angels Fall, (Kim Bullard, Tom Whitlock, Jessica Riddle) recorded by Jessica Riddle on Hollywood Records appeared in the film, 10 Things I Hate About You, and on the soundtrack, earning her a gold record for album sales of over 500,000 copies. Even Angels Fall, reached #27 on Billboard Adult Pop Songs airplay chart and remained on the chart for 12 weeks.\"Fly Away\" recorded as a duet by Sara Wasserman and Aaron Neville (written by Penny Framstad and Sara Wasserman) was released in June, 2009 on \"That Other Label\". Penny Framstad Pop Academy Framstad launched the Penny Framstad Pop Academy in Los Angeles, CA in 2001 with a focus on songwriting, guitar, piano, live stage performance, and music business classes. Musician's Institute Framstad taught music classes at The Musician's Institute in Hollywood, California during 2016-2017. She specialized in artist development, teaching classes such as, The Song, and The Show, as well as coaching singers in private vocal and songwriting sessions for MI's Independent Artist Program. Filmography Dance Moms (Lifetime TV Series) 2012 - Episode: 8 - Season 2 - (songwriter: I Think I Like You) Scrubs (TV Series) 2007 - (songwriter/performer: The Heart Has a Mind Of Its Own) The Office (US TV Series) 2007 - (songwriter/performer: The Heart Has a Mind Of Its Own) Dawson’s Creek 2005 - (songwriter/performer: Holdin’ On) White Chicks (Sony Pictures Film) 2004 - Why, Why, Why - (songwriter/performer) Summerland (TV Series) 2004 - Episode 9 - Season 1 (songwriter/performer: Paint the Sky) The Real World Paris (MTV Reality TV) 2003 - Episode 13 - (songwriter/performer: Moth to a Flame”) The Real World Chicago (MTV Reality TV) 2002 - Episode 1123 - (songwriter/performer: We’d Only Break Each Others Hearts) Roswell (TV Series) 2001 - Episode 16 - Season 2 (songwriter/performer: I’ll Never Be the Same) Providence (TV series) 2000 - Episode 11 - Season 2 (2000) (songwriter/performer: Nothing to Hide) - Episode 13 - Season 2 (2000) - (songwriter/performer: I’ll Never Be the Same) 10 Things I Hate About You (Touchstone Film/Soundtrack) 1999 -Even Angels Fall'' - (songwriter) References External links Penny Framstad Living people American women singer-songwriters People from Santa Cruz, California Singer-songwriters from California 21st-century American women Year of birth missing (living people)", "title": "Penny Framstad" }, { "docid": "2700711", "text": "Why Don't You? (originally Wdyjsoytsagadslbi?: Why don't you just switch off your television set and go and do something less boring instead?) was a BBC children's television series created by producer/director Patrick Dowling and broadcast in 42 series between 20 August 1973 and 21 April 1995. The format consisted of groups or \"gangs\" of children responding to letters from viewers who wrote into the show suggesting games, 'makes' and days out. Typically these were arts-and-crafts activities or games and magic tricks children could learn to impress their friends. Broadcast history The show was originally broadcast in the morning during the school summer holidays and once was shown during the weekday evening children's TV slot. Later it went out during the Easter and Christmas school holidays although it was also broadcast once on Saturday mornings. Russell T Davies was at one time a producer and director for Why Don't You...? before going on to greater fame as writer of Queer as Folk and producer of the 2005 revival of Doctor Who. Under Davies's direction, the format of the series shifted from magazine show to drama, with plots frequently centring on harebrained young Welsh presenter Ben Slade and his increasingly elaborate inventions. Slade was the longest serving presenter in the show's 22-year run. During the Russell T Davies/Ben Slade era viewing figures rose from 0.9 to 3 million up against stiff competition on ITV. Slade and Davies reunited in 2019 in a BBC Radio Wales documentary, first broadcast in December of that year. Geographical variations The 1972 pilot for Why Don't You was filmed in Henley-on-Thames, Oxfordshire, with a team of children from Valley Road Primary School. When the series proper launched in 1973, the gang's studio had been moved to Bristol and resembled a dusty basement; however, from 1980 the show also featured gangs from other parts of the United Kingdom, and these shows were made by the respective BBC regional centre, although all were broadcast nationwide. The first \"alternative\" gangs came from a barn in Scotland and a church hall in Belfast, followed by a seaside café in Cardiff. As the 1980s continued, all four studio settings were abandoned and the gang became based in other UK locations. Theme tune The original 1973 theme was \"I Say, I Say, I Say\", from the De Wolfe Music Library, written by Paul Lewis and credited to The London Studio Group. This theme was retained until 1975. In 1976 the theme changed to \"Kings Road Raspberry Parade\", written by Roger Greenaway & Roger Cook and performed by George Martin & His Orchestra. By 1979 the opening theme had changed to the \"Why Don't You?\" song, written by Faron Brooks. This series retained \"Kings Road Raspberry Parade\" as the closing theme, but by 1981 this had been replaced by a reprise of the opening song. By 1984 the opening song had been re-recorded by a children's choir. By 1991 the theme tune had changed to one by Norman Cook. The last theme tune was", "title": "Why Don't You?" }, { "docid": "18001930", "text": "\"Me Neither\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Brad Paisley. It was released in February 2000 as the third single from Paisley's album Who Needs Pictures and reached a peak of number 18 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs in mid-2000. The song was previously included on the soundtrack of the 1999 film Happy, Texas. Paisley wrote this song with Frank Rogers and Chris DuBois. Background Brad Paisley said this about the origin of the song: \"Every guy has been there. You're talking to a girl and realizing that it's going nowhere--but you still keep trying. I know I've been turned down enough to feel like I've really lived this song. Frank, Chris and I wrote it in the car on our way back from Frank's family beach house in Garden City, South Carolina. We'd spent a week there writing, and it was really successful. In fact, that's where we wrote 'Who Needs Pictures.' Anyway, we had this nine-and-a-half-hour drive back home. So Frank sat in the back seat with a guitar. I sat in front with a notebook, and Chris drove. By the time we got to Nashville, we had just about every line done.\" Content \"Me Neither\" is an up-tempo in which the narrator is attempting to attract a female's attention by asking her various questions, such as whether or not she would like to dance, or if she \"believe[s] in love at first sight\". Even though the girl constantly rejects him, he turns around each question that he asks her with a response of \"me neither\" (e.g. \"Darling, tell me, would you like to dance? / Me neither, I was just being polite / Thank goodness, my feet are much too tired\"). In the final chorus, he considers his attempt to converse with her as \"a waste of time\" before adding \"Don't you think it's time for me to end this song? Me neither.\" After this line, the song extends into a series of fiddle, piano, steel guitar, and electric guitar solos. Billboard described the song favorably in their singles review section dated for February 12, 2000, saying \"All in all, this is a great little record that further demonstrates just why Paisley is the hottest new artist in the format.\" This review also compared its \"wit and personality\" to Roger Miller. Paisley later included the song as the B-side to his singles \"We Danced\" and \"Two People Fell in Love.\" Parodies Cledus T. Judd parodied the song on his 2000 album Just Another Day in Parodies, under the title \"More Beaver\" (a reference to the TV series Leave It to Beaver). Paisley also plays guitar on this parody. Chart performance \"Me Neither\" debuted at number 65 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Songs for the week of February 12, 2000. \"Me Neither\" spent 20 weeks on the Billboard Hot Country Songs, peaking at number 18 in mid-2000. It is the second single of his career not to reach the top 10,", "title": "Me Neither" }, { "docid": "7147465", "text": "The Boys of the Old Brigade is an Irish rebel song written by Paddy McGuigan about the Irish Republican Army of the Irish War of Independence (1919-1921), and the anniversary of the 1916 Easter Rising. Lyrics The song describes a veteran of the Easter Rising telling a young man about his old comrades in the Irish Republican Army. Each chorus ends with the Irish language phrase \"a ghrá mo chroí (love of my heart), I long to see, the Boys of the Old Brigade\". Oh, father why are you so sad On this bright Easter morn' When Irish men are proud and glad Of the land that they were born?! Oh, son, I see in mem’ries few Of far off distant days When being just a lad like you I joined the IRA Where are the lads that stood with me When history was made? A Ghra Mo Chroi, I long to see The boys of the old brigade From hills and farms a call to arms Was heard by one and all And from the glen came brave young men To answer Ireland’s call 'T wasn’t long ago we faced a foe The old brigade and me And by my side they fought and died That Ireland might be free Where are the lads that stood with me When history was made? A Ghra Mo Chroi, I long to see The boys of the old brigade And now, my boy, I’ve told you why On Easter morn' I sigh For I recall my comrades all And dark old days gone by I think of men who fought in glen With rifle and grenade May heaven keep the men who sleep From the ranks of the old brigade Where are the lads that stood with me When history was made? A Ghra Mo Chroi, I long to see The boys of the old brigade Controversy In 2006, Celtic chief executive Peter Lawwell suggested that he was embarrassed by \"offensive\" chants in support of the Provisional IRA, even though these songs were political and not \"overtly sectarian\". In 2007, Celtic chairman Brian Quinn suggested that the \"Boys of the Old Brigade\" had no place at Celtic Park. In 2008, UEFA abandoned an investigation into Celtic supporters singing the \"Boys of the Old Brigade\" due to lack of evidence. In April 2011, Strathclyde Police chief superintendent, Andy Bates, warned that as part of a crackdown on sectarian singing at an upcoming Old Firm game: \"If you sing the Boys of the Old Brigade, we'll arrest you and there have been convictions in court before where that song is concerned.\" BBC Sportscene's Rob MacLean accused Celtic supporters of being sectarian for singing the song in May 2011. In 2011, a Scottish court suggested that those showing support to the IRA were not being offensive to members of \"a religious group\". References External links Wolfe Tones cover of Pat McGuigan's Republican song Irish songs Irish rebel songs Celtic F.C. songs Association football songs and", "title": "The Boys of the Old Brigade" }, { "docid": "41709075", "text": "Amarna letter EA 86 (see here ), titled: Complaint to an Official, is a somewhat moderate length clay tablet letter from Rib-Hadda of city-state Byblos (named Gubla in the letter) to Amanappa, an official at the court of the Pharaoh. The letter has a degraded surface of the clay; it also has missing corners and part of a side. The tablet's obverse fails to yield an easy translation for the last lines of the front and bottom, lines 18-22 (ten percent of the 50-line text). And other lacunae are found throughout the translation. EA 86 is an extremely ovate, pillow-shaped (thick) clay tablet. It is located in the British Museum, no. 29804. EA 86 Moran's non-linear letter English language translation (translated from the French language): Obverse: (Lines 1-5)--[Say to] Ama[nappa]: Message of Rib-Had[da]. I fall [at your feet]. May Aman, [the god of the king], your lord, establish yo[ur] honor [in the presence] of the king, your lord-(ŠÀR.RI-EN-ia). (5)--Listen to m[e!1 (5-12)--The war ]is severe, and so come w[ith] archers-(ERIM.MEŠ-pí-ta-ti) that you may take the land of Amurru. Day and ni[ght it has cri]ed2 to you [ and they s]ay (that) what is taken f[rom t]hem to Mittana is very much. (13-17)--[S]o now you [ yourself ] must not [ say ], 'Why should ... [...] come out?'3 You have said [ind] eed, 'Yanhamu sent yo[u] grain.'4 Have you not heard? A servant ... [...] (18-22)-- ...5 Reverse: (23-30)--[ And be in]form[ed that Um]mah[nu—along with her husband, Milku]ru—the ma[idservant of the Lady] of GUBLA ...] ... [S]o speak to the king [ that ] it may be presented to the Lady.6 Do [n]ot hold an[ything] back. (31-40)--Moreover, speak to [ the king ] so that [grain], the product of the land of Ya[ rmuta ], be given t[o his servant], just as it was [formerly] given to Sumur, so we may keep (i.e. stay) alive until the king g[ives thought] to his city. For 3 years I have been constantly pl[undered] of our grain; there is no[thing] to pay for h[orses].7 (41-50)--Why should the king g[rant] 30 pairs of [horses] and you your[self] take 10 pairs? If you t[ake],8 take al[l of them ], but from the land of Y[arimuta ] let grain be given for [ us ] to eat. [ Or ] sen[d ships so I myself ] can get [ out ].--(obverse, and reverse, with lacunae mostly restored, except lines 18-22) Akkadian text Text: Akkadian language, sumerograms, Egyptianisms, etc. Akkadian: Obverse: Paragraph I (Line 1)--[ A-na 1.diš-]- -A-Ma-Na-[-aP-Pa,.. qí-bí-ma!... ]--(--(For/(To) Amanappa,.. (\"Say\")-\"Report\"!... ) (2)--umma 1.diš-Ri-iB-d-[-IŠKUR ana GÌR.MEŠ-ka ]--(..Message Rib-Hadda, at FEET(pl)-yours,.. ) (3)--am-qú-ut!... dA-Ma-uN(a)-(God-Amun),.. [ dingir,.. ša QuoteLUGAL— ]--(I bow!... (May) God Amun,.. (The)-God which (of) QuoteKing— ) (4)--—EN—ka,..Unquote ti-di-nu!..Unquote tėš-ka,.. [ ana pa-ni,.. ]--(..—Lord—yours,..Unquote Establish!..(Proclaim!).. Honor-yours,.. \"before\",.. ) (5)--LUGAL-ri EN-ka!... Ši-mé ia-[-ši!... Nu-KÚR,.. ] --(King-Lord-\"You\"!... Listen \"to me\"! (Hear \"me\")!... (The) War,.. ) (6)--kal-ga!... Ù,.. ka-uš-da qa-[-du ]--(..(is) severe!... And \"vanquish-ing\" \"Hands\",.. ) (7)--ERIM.MEŠ-pí-ṭá-ti!.. Ù,.. [ ti-ìl-qé!.. ]--(..(of)_\"Archer-Army\"(Egyptian pítati)!.. And Take!.. ) (8)--KUR-A-Mu-Ri!..(Amurru)!.. Ur-ra (and) Mu-ša,..", "title": "Amarna letter EA 86" } ]	[ "Don Henley", "Glenn Frey", "Timothy B. Schmit" ]
train_45940	who wrote that 's what i like bruno mars	[ { "docid": "68307172", "text": "Christopher Steven \"Brody\" Brown is an American songwriter and record producer. Best known for his association with singer Bruno Mars, they met in 2008 and formed the production team Shampoo Press & Curl in 2015. In addition, Brown is also part of the production group 1500 or Nothin' alongside fellow Californians James Fauntleroy, Lamar Edwards and Larrance Dopson. Brown has written or produced for artists including Nipsey Hussle, CeeLo Green, Kesha, Adele, Lukas Graham, Ed Sheeran, Snoop Dogg, Wiz Khalifa, and Mark Ronson. Early life Brown was born in Compton, California. Growing up, he listened to the jazz his mother played during the week and the gospel she played on Sundays. As a child, he taught himself to read music and play the drums, bass, guitar and piano. In junior high school, in addition to playing with the school band, he played with rock, salsa, and jazz bands. He also performed regularly at local churches. Brown was a member of The Crips. He was shot at and jailed as a teenager. In a 2016 interview he said that music \"kept him from becoming another statistic in a hard neighborhood.\" Career Brown joined 1500 or Nothin' in 2003, and prior to dropping out of high school in 2005, he began writing and playing with Bobby Valentino, whom he met through a mutual friend. At 17, he signed a publishing deal with Steve Lindsey, a publishing executive who had also signed Mike Elizondo, Kara DioGuardi, J.R. Rotem, and Mars, among others. Lindsey showed Brown and fellow songwriters Mars and Jeff Bhasker (whom Mars met through Mike Lynn) the ins and outs of writing pop music and acted as a mentor, helping them to hone their craft. Brown subsequently co-wrote tracks with Mars for his debut album, Doo-Wops & Hooligans (2010), Unorthodox Jukebox (2012), 24k Magic (2016), and Silk Sonic's An Evening with Silk Sonic. Other songs he co-wrote with Mars include \"Grenade\", which was nominated for six Grammy Awards in 2011, and the 24K Magic title track, \"That's What I Like\", which in 2017 won the Grammy Award for Song of the Year, Best R&B Song, and Best R&B Performance. 24K Magic also won Album of the Year. He and Mars additionally worked together on tracks for other artists, including Adele's \"All I Ask\", from 25 (2015), Snoop Dogg & Wiz Khalifa's \"Young, Wild, & Free\", Mark Ronson's \"Feel Right\" and CeeLo Green's \"Fuck You\". Brown was a co-writer on Silk Sonic's \"Leave the Door Open\", which won four 2022 Grammy Awards: Song of the Year, Record of the Year, Best R&B Song, and Best R&B Performance. Grammy Awards \|- !scope=\"row\"\|2010 \| \"Fuck You\" (CeeLo Green) \|\| rowspan=\"2\"\| Song of the Year \|\| \| rowspan=\"10\" style=\"text-align:center;\" \| \|- !scope=\"row\"\|2011 \| \"Grenade\" (Bruno Mars)\|\| \|- !scope=\"row\"\| 2012 \| \"Young, Wild & Free\" (Snoop Dogg Wiz Khalifa and Bruno Mars)\|\| Best Rap Song\|\| \|- !scope=\"row\"\|2017 \|25 (Adele) \|\| rowspan=\"2\"\| Album of the Year\|\| \|- !scope=\"row\" rowspan=\"4\"\| 2018 \|24K Magic (Bruno Mars) \|\| \|- \|", "title": "Brody Brown" }, { "docid": "54411469", "text": "The Co-Captains are an American production team, consisting of Jovan J. Dawkins, Jevon Hill and Stanley Green Jr. They have produced songs for Travis Barker (\"Sixteen\"), Mario (\"Music for Love\") and Nelly (\"U Know U Want To\"). One of their most notable productions was for Ciara and Nicki Minaj's 2013 song \"I'm Out\", which debuted at No. 44 on the Billboard charts. The Co-Captains, who have also produced for Omarion and season 12 American Idol winner Candice Glover, credit part of their musical style and influences to Teddy Riley, Timbaland and Phil Collins. Dawkins is also the founder of Heritage Music Group, which earned five Grammy wins in 2018. Among those awards were R&B Album of The Year (Bruno Mars, 24K Magic), Song of The Year (Bruno Mars, \"That's What I Like\"), and Best R&B Song of The Year (Bruno Mars, \"That's What I Like\"). Production credits Single credits References External links American record producers Record production teams", "title": "The Co-Captains" }, { "docid": "39584916", "text": "\"Gorilla\" is a song by American singer-songwriter Bruno Mars from his second studio album Unorthodox Jukebox (2012). The song was written by Mars, Philip Lawrence, and Ari Levine, who produced the song under the name of the Smeezingtons, with Emile Haynie, Jeff Bhasker and Mark Ronson. Atlantic Records serviced the track to Contemporary hit radio in the United States on September 10, 2013, as the fourth single from Unorthodox Jukebox. Its official remix (G-Mix) features American singers Pharrell Williams and R. Kelly, and was released in Canada and US on November 12. \"Gorilla\" is a midtempo arena-rock, rock and soft rock song with a power pop hook, \"epic\" guitars and a Phil Collins-esque synth/percussion. Its style has drawn comparisons to Prince's 1984 single \"Purple Rain\". The single received mixed reviews from critics, who praised its resemblance to early 1980s arena rock, but was criticized for its explicit lyrical content, which addresses the subject of making love like wild animals. The song reached number 22 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and number 62 on the UK Singles Chart, being unable to achieve the same success of the previous singles. It was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), denoting sales and streaming figures of over a million copies in the US. Mars performed \"Gorilla\" live at the 2013 MTV Video Music Awards and at the 2013 MTV Europe Music Awards. The song was included on the set list of his second world tour, The Moonshine Jungle Tour (2013–14) as the final act, usually performed as an encore and was performed in some shows of the 24K Magic World Tour (2017–18). Background \"Gorilla\" was the first song written for the album, setting \"the tone for the entire project and it kind of became the mascot\". This was the reason behind the gorilla on the cover of the album, as Bruno Mars explained in an interview with MTV News. In another interview, this time for GQ, Mars revealed the song's conception, saying that \"it was just painting a picture—some animalistic sex\". When asked about what the meaning is for \"making love like a gorilla\", Mars replied aggressively \"What does that sound like to you? Come on...What is this, 1933? We can't talk about this?\". Regarding the line \"I got a body full of liquor with a cocaine kicker\", Mars said that his inspiration came \"just because the room was dark\" and he felt like Johnny Cash. On the same interview, he was asked if his perfect idea of encounter was the same as described in the track, one in which your partner is screaming to you, \"Give it to me, baby, give it to me, motherfucker\" and having attracted the attention of the cops due to the violent noises you are making with your partner outside while \"trying to get in\". To this question Mars said \"It definitely sounds awesome. Right? Isn't that what matters? It's an awesome song! I don't know how to tell you that more\". In", "title": "Gorilla (song)" }, { "docid": "48324800", "text": "\"All I Ask\" is a song by English singer-songwriter Adele for her third studio album 25 (2015). The song was written by Adele, Bruno Mars, Philip Lawrence and Christopher Brody Brown, with production by The Smeezingtons. Backed by a piano, the pop torch ballad describes the singer looking for one last night with her partner, before the couple separate. \"All I Ask\" received unanimous acclaim from the music critics, with praise for its lyrics, production, and Adele's vocal performance. The track peaked at number 41 on the UK Singles Chart and at number 77 on the US Billboard Hot 100. It also charted at numbers 17, 21, 66, and 65 in South Korea, Finland, France, and Australia, respectively. It was certified platinum by Music Canada (MC) and gold by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI). Adele performed it during several shows, including The Ellen DeGeneres Show and the 58th Annual Grammy Awards, both in February 2016. It was performed on selected dates during her Adele Live 2016 tour. Background and production Though Bruno Mars had a \"big, diva, ballad thing\" in mind, he and Adele began conducting sessions for her third studio album, 25 (2015), initially attempting to create an uptempo song. When the duo began writing, Adele kept saying, \"I don't want to do this, I don't like that\", until they played a few chords that she liked and \"All I Ask\" was created. According to Mars, like a scene from the 1993 film Jurassic Park, Adele made water vibrate while recording the song in a studio booth. On a similar note, according to the song's engineer, Charles Moniz, Adele's vocals caused an assistant to drop a cup of tea during the recording, saying that \"he thought it was done and she belted out a note\". Adele considers the vocals on \"All I Ask\" her most \"showoff-y\". Adele and Mars disagreed over the lyric, \"Take me by the hand while we do what lovers do\", but Mars later changed his mind and said that \"lovers\" is \"this grand word that makes the song bigger because no one says it. Because nobody talks like that, it pops out\". They completed the song in two sessions. Adele has remarked, \"[C]an you imagine the fun me and Bruno had making that?\" \"All I Ask\" was written by Adkins, Mars, Philip Lawrence and Christopher Brody Brown, with production by the Smeezingtons. Brown and Greg Phillinganes played the piano, while Moniz, with engineering assistant Jacob Dennis, engineered the track. Tom Elmhirst mixed \"All I Ask\" at Electric Lady Studios in Greenwich Village, with Joe Visciano serving as the mix assistant. It was mastered by Tom Coyne and Randy Merrill, with Ryan Smith mastering the vinyl version. Composition Inspired by American singer-songwriter Billy Joel, piano is the song's only instrumentation. It is a sentimental love ballad which discusses the theme of melancholia, making use of \"tidy, fast piano patterns\". The singer ask her lover to spend a final night with her before they part ways. She", "title": "All I Ask" }, { "docid": "38768178", "text": "\"Remix (I Like The)\" is a song by American pop group New Kids on the Block from their sixth studio album, 10. The song was released as the album's lead single on January 28, 2013. \"Remix (I Like The)\" was written by Lars Halvor Jensen, Johannes Jørgensen, and Lemar, and it was produced by Deekay. The song features Donnie Wahlberg and Joey McIntyre on lead vocals. \"Remix (I Like The)\" did not enter the Billboard Hot 100 in the United States, becoming their first lead single to fail charting since \"Be My Girl\" (1986). However, the song did peak at number 38 on the Adult Top 40 chart. It also reached number 81 on the Canadian Hot 100 chart and number 35 on the UK Independent Singles Chart. Music video The song's music video was directed by Rami Hachache. It tells the story of \"lonely and awkward wallflower\" SunnyD, (played by Artemis Pebdani) who blossoms after hearing new music by house band NKOTB at a dance party. Donnie Wahlberg explained to MTV News: \"The story of the video is about, it's about someone becoming at peace with their inner beauty. Some people might hear the song and think it's obvious what it might be for the video. Maybe it's about a beautiful girl walking down the runway or a guy stopping and gawking at a beautiful girl, but it's about someone who feels beautiful with who they are and is willing to celebrate that for all the world to see.\" Critical reception PopCrush gave the song 3.5 stars out of five. In her review Jessica Sager wrote, \"The song sounds like an adult contemporary answer to The Wanted mixed with Bruno Mars‘ ‘Locked Out of Heaven.’ It has a danceable beat like many of the British bad boys’ tracks, but is stripped down and raw enough to pass for Mars’ latest radio smash as well.\" Carl Williott of Idolator commended the song's chorus, but criticized its \"liberal use of Auto-Tune\" and compared Donnie Wahlberg's vocals to Chad Kroeger. Track listing Digital download \"Remix (I Like The)\" – 3:16 Chart performance On the week of February 16, 2013, the song debuted and peaked at number 81 on the Canadian Hot 100 before leaving the next week. It reappeared at number 85 on the week of June 22 before leaving the chart completely. References New Kids on the Block songs 2013 singles 2013 songs Songs written by Lars Halvor Jensen Songs written by Lemar Songs written by Johannes Jørgensen", "title": "Remix (I Like The)" }, { "docid": "21173995", "text": "\"Right Round\" is a single performed by American rapper Flo Rida featuring guest vocals from American singer Kesha. It was released as the lead single from his second studio album, R.O.O.T.S. (2009). It was released to radio on January 27, 2009, and was digitally released on February 10 by Poe Boy Entertainment and Atlantic Records. The song heavily interpolates the chorus of the 1980s Dead or Alive song \"You Spin Me Round (Like a Record)\" in its hook. According to one of the song's writers, the chorus refers to a stripper. Kesha contributed guest vocals to the song, but was uncredited in the United States and Canada during its run atop the charts. Despite receiving mostly negative reviews, with critics claiming it was kitschy and misogynistic, the song was a commercial success, reaching the top ten of the music charts in nineteen countries worldwide. In the United States, it became Flo Rida's second number-one single (staying at number-one for six consecutive weeks) and broke the record for first-week sales (636,000 downloads) when it was released to digital retailers; eventually, this record was broken by Adele's \"Hello\", which sold 1.11 million copies in its first week. The single's accompanying music video was directed by Malcolm Jones and nominated for an MTV Video Music Award. The song has been used in several movies, such as The Hangover, The Ugly Truth, Pilla Zamindar and Pitch Perfect, where the song is performed by the film's a cappella group The Treblemakers. The song is one of the best-selling singles of the digital era, with over 12 million certified downloads sold, making it Flo Rida's best selling single, and Kesha's second. Background and recording \"Right Round\" was written by Flo Rida, Dr. Luke, Kool Kojak, DJ Frank E, Philip Lawrence, Bruno Mars, Aaron Bay-Schuck, and Dead or Alive, the band whose 1984 song \"You Spin Me Round (Like a Record)\" is sampled in the chorus. The track was produced by Dr. Luke and Kool Kojak and features guest vocals from American pop singer Kesha, (who was not credited on the American release of the single). Bruno Mars stated that the song was the first \"big hit\" he and his songwriting team, The Smeezingtons, had the chance to write: \"We wrote “Right Round” for Flo Rida. That was a sample, obviously, but we got our name in there and got some publishing. And it was a No. 1 record. That was our first taste of what could really happen with a hit we hundred-percented\". Talking about the making of the track, Mars said: \"It was actually a freestyle. Phil and I came up with that in two minutes. We were in the business after that! [Laughs]\". At the end of 2008, Luke was working on \"Right Round\" with Flo Rida and the two decided they needed a female hook. Luke pulled Kesha into the studio to record the vocals. According to Flo Rida, the song is about \"a young lady, she might be in the strip club", "title": "Right Round" }, { "docid": "59438639", "text": "Philip Martin Lawrence II (born July 17, 1973) is an American songwriter, record producer, entrepreneur and voice actor, best known for his work with the songwriting and production team The Smeezingtons, alongside Bruno Mars and Ari Levine. He has won eight Grammy Awards for his work. Lawrence's latest recording project, 24K Magic, won at the Grammys in the categories Album of the Year, Record of the Year, Song of the Year, Best R&B Song, Best R&B Album, and Best R&B Performance. Lawrence is co-writer and co-producer on the majority of the songs released under these ventures. He also sings vocal with The Hooligans band who tours with Mars. He is also a voice actor, as he is the current voice of Sebastian since 2007, replacing Samuel E. Wright. Lawrence was first widely recognized in 2010 when he received five nominations at that year's Grammy Awards, including his first nomination for Producer of the Year, Non-Classical. Between 2010 and 2012 he received ten Grammy nominations, and in 2013 won his first Grammy award with Bruno Mars for \"Best Pop Vocal Album\" for Unorthodox Jukebox. In the same year, he also released his own solo album, Letters I Never Sent. He followed by participating in the second-largest viewed Super Bowl Halftime Show performing with the Red Hot Chili Peppers, receiving 115.3 million viewers. He returned again to the Super Bowl in 2016, performing parallel to Lady Gaga, Beyoncé and Coldplay for another Halftime Show performance. Along with composing and producing hits for Bruno Mars, Lawrence has produced/wrote for Adele, Flo Rida, Lil Wayne, Wiz Khalifa, CeeLo Green and others. Lawrence appeared in the Blue Sky Studios animated film Rio 2 as the character and voice of \"Felipe\". He also wrote, performed, and produced the song \"It's a Jungle Out Here\", as well as co-wrote \"Welcome Back\", for the soundtrack performed by Bruno Mars. Lawrence founded CMNTY Culture, a multimedia venture that combines recorded music, film, television and theater production in one space. The first artist release under the CMNTY label is RMR, who took the world by storm with his genre defying song Rascal. In 2016, he purchased Record Plant recording studio in Los Angeles, California. Life and career Early life Philip Martin Lawrence was born on July 17, 1973, in Evansville, Indiana, to Philip Lawrence Sr. and Cheryl Lawrence. As the son of a gospel choir director and a radio DJ, he began performing when he was four years old and started writing songs during his teen years. He attended Reitz Memorial High School. He began taking songwriting seriously in college, and developed his core entertainment skills during his time as a performer at Walt Disney World in Florida. Meeting and partnership with Bruno Mars Later, in California, Lawrence worked various jobs as he attempted to break through as a songwriter and performer. During this time he began establishing himself and building his musical network, which led to his meeting with Bruno Mars and composing songs with him and other artists.", "title": "Philip Lawrence (songwriter)" }, { "docid": "37687695", "text": "\"Young Girls\" is a song by American singer-songwriter Bruno Mars. It was composed by Mars, Philip Lawrence and Ari Levine, a songwriting and record production trio known as the Smeezingtons, as well as Jeff Bhasker, and Emile Haynie, with additional songwriter credits by Mac Davis, for Mars's second studio album Unorthodox Jukebox (2012). It is a midtempo, doo-wop-influenced pop ballad that garnered comparisons to Mars's \"It Will Rain\" and Lana Del Rey's music. Its instrumentation includes drums, synths, piano and elements of electro music. The song was released as the first promotional single and later as the fifth overall single from Unorthodox Jukebox, being first serviced to contemporary hit radio in Australia on November 26, 2013. \"Young Girls\" received generally mixed to positive reviews. Many music critics noted the complex instrumental and praised Mars's vocals on the record. Its lyrics, detailing the fact of the singer being unable to resist his attraction to young girls, were met with criticism. The single was recognized as the Best Pop of 2013 at the MelOn Music Awards. Commercially, \"Young Girls\" charted in some countries, along with the released of its parent album, such as South Korea, where it reached number one, United Kingdom and Canada. Before it was canceled as the second single it peaked in Australia and New Zealand at 62 and 23, respectively. As the fifth single it reached the position of 19 in Canada and 32 in the United States. It was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). The track was performed live on Saturday Night Live and occasionally on The Moonshine Jungle Tour (2013–14). Background and writing During a MTV interview, Bruno Mars explained why the track was the first on the track list of the album \"It really shows you what this album is going to be, and just where I was when I started\" it. He felt that anyone can easily relate to the record \"There's a moment in your life where you start going out every night, and it's so fun, but then you start to lose yourself\". The singer compared the song's sentiment to \"Lookin' for Love in All the Wrong Places\", adding \"It's another confession\". In a different interview Mars furthered the concept of the track as it's about you \"losing yourself\", which happened to him in L.A. during his early years. He added, \"If you're out there wilding out, drinking and partying, that's not real life.\" Mars stated that he felt like \"an old blues man\" when writing the song, and wanted to re-create the sentiment when some young girls were giving him the \"runaround\". Furthermore, he wasn't willing to stay too far from his roots when it comes to writing lyrics for his album, explaining \"I'm not there yet...to sing about politics\". He concluded that writing and singing songs about girls is what he knows best, \"I'm not going to preach what I don't know. As much as I love 2 Chainz's \"All I Want for My Birthday\"", "title": "Young Girls" }, { "docid": "62961446", "text": "Bruno Mars at The Chelsea, Las Vegas was the debut concert residency at the new concert showroom in the Cosmopolitan of Las Vegas, United States, by American singer and songwriter Bruno Mars, from December 2013 to December 2015. DJ Supra, Havana Brown and DJ Crykit opened some shows of the residency, whilst the setlist, which featured songs from Doo-Wops & Hooligans (2010), Unorthodox Jukebox (2012), and various covers, was performed by Mars, backed by his eight-piece band, The Hooligans. The show ended with Mars performing an encore of \"Locked out of Heaven\" (2012). It received a positive reception from music critics, who praised the energetic and intimate show. The eleven shows in the concert residency was promoted by C3 Presents and grossed $3 million. Background and development On September 24, 2013, Bruno Mars was announced as the first artist to open the new showroom, The Chelsea, which replaced the Chelsea Ballroom, at The Cosmopolitan on December 29, 2013. His performance as the headliner of the Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show led to a rise in demand and increased ticket sales. A week before the latter performance, the Cosmopolitan added two more dates, October 17 and 18, 2014. John Unwin, Chief Executive Office (CEO) of The Cosmopolitan, said, \"Bruno Mars is a perfect fit for The Cosmopolitan as he has a natural affinity for Las Vegas and is a true performer\". On October 5, 2015, Mars was announced as the performer for the New Year's Eve 2016. The ticket prices began at $150 for the December 29 and 31, 2013, shows and $95 for the 2014 concerts. The concerts started at 9:00 p.m. and at the New Year's Eve show, Mars counted down and celebrated the midnight hour. Godiva Chocolatier was 2013 New Year's Eve concert sponsor. The concert residency was promoted by C3 Presents. Synopsis and reception The stage had a triangular digital screen which projected various images such as dancing female silhouettes, moving clouds, butterflies, fireworks and others. After the opening act by DJ Supra, Mars, wearing a black blazer, graphic shirt while his bandmates were dressed in suits and suspenders, started by playing an electric guitar. During the concert, Mars and The Hooligans' dance routine featured a \"Motown-inspired choreography\" and the R&B/pop aesthetic form. Mars occasionally made the audience laugh with small comedic sets. As the show continued, the setlist resembled the one used in the Moonshine Jungle Tour including the energetic performances of \"Treasure\" and the \"Billionaire\" medley with Barrett Strong's \"Money (That's What I Want)\" and the chorus of Aloe Blacc's \"I Need a Dollar\". He also played \"Show Me\" with red, yellow and green graphics, which led to another blend between \"Our First Time\", Ginuwine's \"Pony\" and \"Ignition\" by R. Kelly. The next song on the setlist was \"Marry You\" which included the use of dancing lights. During the performance of \"If I Knew\", Mars and Philip Lawrence, The Hooligans' bandleader, harmonized on the track. Next was another blend of covers, The Outfield's \"Your Love\",", "title": "Bruno Mars at The Chelsea, Las Vegas" }, { "docid": "55571926", "text": "The 2017 Soul Train Music Awards took place on November 5, 2017, at the Orleans Arena in Las Vegas, Nevada, and aired on BET Her and BET on November 26, 2017. American singer and songwriter Toni Braxton was honored with the Legend Award for her contributions to the music industry, while the R&B girl group SWV received the Lady of Soul Award. Special awards Legend Award Toni Braxton Lady of Soul Award SWV Winners and Nominees Winners are listed first and highlighted in bold. Best New Artist 6LACK H.E.R. Kevin Ross Khalid SZA Best R&B/Soul Male Artist Bruno Mars Bryson Tiller Chris Brown Khalid The Weeknd Best R&B/Soul Female Artist Kehlani Lalah Hathaway Ledisi Mary J. Blige Solange SZA Soul Train Certified Award Bell Biv Devoe Johnny Gill Lalah Hathaway Ledisi Mack Wilds Video of the Year Beyoncé – \"All Night\" Bruno Mars – \"24K Magic\" Chris Brown featuring Usher and Gucci Mane – \"Party\" DJ Khaled featuring Rihanna and Bryson Tiller – \"Wild Thoughts\" Solange – \"Cranes in the Sky\" Best Gospel/Inspirational Award Chance the Rapper Charlie Wilson Kirk Franklin Lecrae Tamela Mann Album/Mixtape of the Year Bruno Mars – 24K Magic Mary J. Blige – Strength of a Woman Solange – A Seat at the Table SZA – Ctrl The Weeknd – Starboy Rhythm & Bars Award Cardi B – \"Bodak Yellow\" DJ Khaled featuring Rihanna and Bryson Tiller – \"Wild Thoughts\" French Montana featuring Swae Lee – \"Unforgettable\" Kendrick Lamar – \"Humble.\" Yo Gotti featuring Nicki Minaj – \"Rake It Up\" Song Of The Year Bruno Mars – \"That's What I Like\" Childish Gambino – \"Redbone\" DJ Khaled featuring Rihanna and Bryson Tiller – \"Wild Thoughts\" Khalid – \"Location\" Solange – \"Cranes in the Sky\" The Ashford & Simpson Songwriter's Award \"Cranes in the Sky\" Written By: Troy L. John, Solange Knowles, Raphael Saadiq (Solange) \"Location\" Written By: Alfredo Emmanuel Gonzalez, Olatunji Olutomiwa, Samuel David Jimenez, Khalid Robinson, Joshua Scruggs (Khalid) \"Love Me Now\" Written By: Blake Matthew Simon Mills, John Henry Ryan, John Roger Stephens (John Legend) \"Redbone\" Written By: George Clinton, William Earl Collins, Gary Lee Cooer, Donald McKinley Glover II, Ludwig Emil Tomas Göransson (Childish Gambino) \"Versace on the Floor\" Written By: Christopher Steven Brown, James Edward Fauntleroy, Bruno Mars, Philip Martin Lawrence (Bruno Mars) Best Dance Performance Bruno Mars – \"24K Magic\" Chris Brown featuring Usher and Gucci Mane – \"Party\" DJ Khaled featuring Rihanna and Bryson Tiller – \"Wild Thoughts\" Solange featuring Sampha – \"Don't Touch My Hair\" Wizkid featuring Drake – \"Come Closer\" Best Collaboration DJ Khaled featuring Rihanna and Bryson Tiller – \"Wild Thoughts\" Jazmine Sullivan and Bryson Tiller – \"Insecure\" Mary J. Blige featuring Kanye West – \"Love Yourself\" Solange featuring Sampha – \"Don't Touch My Hair\" SZA featuring Travis Scott – \"Love Galore\" References Soul Soul Train Music Awards 2017 awards in the United States Soul Soul Soul Train Music Awards 2017", "title": "2017 Soul Train Music Awards" }, { "docid": "69172178", "text": "\"Smokin out the Window\" is a song by American superduo Silk Sonic, which consists of Bruno Mars and Anderson .Paak. It was released on November 5, 2021, by Aftermath Entertainment and Atlantic Records as the third single from their debut studio album An Evening with Silk Sonic (2021). The song was written by the artists alongside Dernst \"D'Mile\" Emile II, who produced it with Mars. An R&B and soul song, it was inspired by music from the 1970s. The lyrics are humorous and describe the narrator's heart being broken by an unfaithful lover. Music critics gave \"Smokin out the Window\" mixed reviews; some praised the duo's delivery while others criticized the song's \"playful\" lyrics. \"Smokin out the Window\" reached the top five of the US Billboard Hot 100 and was certified twice-platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). It reached the top ten in Australia, Canada, Israel, New Zealand and Singapore, and was certified platinum by Music Canada (MC). The accompanying music video was directed by Mars and John Esparza, and was released along with the song. The video depicts Silk Sonic performing the song on \"an old-school TV set\"; at one point, .Paak pretends to \"drop dead mid-performance\". It won Video of the Year at the BET Awards 2022 and Video of the Year at the 2022 Soul Train Music Awards, whilst being nominated for Best Dance Performance. To promote \"Smokin out the Window\", Silk Sonic performed it at the American Music Awards of 2021 and 2021 Soul Train Music Awards, attracting praise for the duo vocal's ability and comparisons to a 1970s Soul Train telecast. Background American singers Bruno Mars and Anderson .Paak met in 2017 while touring together on the European leg of Mars's 24K Magic World Tour (2017–18). Mars and .Paak were in a studio with Nile Rodgers and Guy Lawrence of Disclosure. The session, which took place after spending a week together, had no intent besides the duo's mutual appreciation and affection. During the tour, one of them began saying the phrase \"Smoking out the Window\"; they created an amusing, \"stressed-out\" man who smokes cigarettes as he tries to find his way out of \"anxious\" situations. According to Mars, the song \"was an idea we started four or five years ago on tour. It didn't sound nothing like it does now, but we just had the 'Smokin Out the Window' idea\". Once the tour ended, recording sessions were put on hold. In February 2020, before the COVID-19 pandemic, Mars was listening to their recordings, which \"hit the right chord\" so he asked .Paak to join him in the studio. Mars said \"Yo, I want to finish that song\", to which .Paak replied \"I'm drunk! What do you mean? Come on!\". Despite being drunk, .Paak met Mars at the studio. During the song-making session .Paak said: \"I'm the king of R&B! Tell me I ain't the hottest in the game!\" When they started to write the song, a competitive, friendly spirit emerged as they", "title": "Smokin out the Window" }, { "docid": "40849008", "text": "James Edward Fauntleroy II (born May 16, 1984) is an American singer, songwriter, and record producer from Inglewood, California. He is best known for numerous songwriting credits and guest performances on songs by high-profile artists including Travis Scott, Frank Ocean, Kendrick Lamar, SZA, Drake, J. Cole, Vince Staples, Big Sean, Jay-Z, John Mayer, Bruno Mars, Chris Brown, Beyoncé, Rihanna, and Justin Timberlake. In 2014 and 2018, Fauntleroy won the Grammy Award for Best R&B Song. Musical career In 2007, Fauntleroy wrote five tracks for Chris Brown's second album Exclusive (2007). In 2009, James Fauntleroy co-wrote six tracks on Rihanna's fourth album Rated R (2009). In 2011, Fauntleroy provided vocals for five songs on Common's The Dreamer/The Believer album. He appeared on \"Dreamer (feat. Maya Angelou)\", \"Gold,\" \"Cloth\", \"Celebrate\", and \"Windows\". In 2012, he contributed vocals to Kanye West's first G.O.O.D. Music collaborative album, Cruel Summer. He appears on \"Clique\", \"Higher\", \"Sin City\", and \"The One\". In 2013, Fauntleroy also made high-profile appearances on Drake's \"Girls Love Beyonce\", Nipsey Hussle's Crenshaw, Travis Scott's Owl Pharaoh, J. Cole's Born Sinner and Big Sean's Hall of Fame. He also contributed writing and additional vocals to New Kids on the Block's 10 (2013) and Jay-Z's Magna Carta Holy Grail (2013). Fauntleroy also performed at the 2013 Soul Train Music Awards. On November 15, 2013, Timbaland released \"Know Bout Me\", the first single from his album Textbook Timbo featuring Fauntleroy, Drake and Jay-Z. However, Timbaland looks to have shelved the project for the time being, instead focusing on his new album Opera Noir. He also co-wrote every song on Justin Timberlake's The 20/20 Experience (2013) and twelve further tracks on the follow-up The 20/20 Experience – 2 of 2 (2013). In 2014, Fauntleroy won the Grammy Award for Best R&B Song for co-writing \"Pusher Love Girl\", for Justin Timberlake's highly successful third studio album The 20/20 Experience (2013). In 2015, Fauntleroy wrote on 4 tracks on Rihanna's eighth studio album Anti and appeared on Kendrick Lamar's album To Pimp a Butterfly, which was nominated for Album of the Year at the 58th Annual Grammy Awards. In 2016, Fauntleroy co-wrote 7 tracks on Bruno Mars' third studio album 24K Magic. Discography Awards The Grammy Awards are awarded annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States for outstanding achievements in the music industry. Considered the highest music honor, the awards were established in 1958. James Fauntleroy has won 4 awards out of 6 nominations. \|- \|\|2014 \|\"Pusher Love Girl\" (As a songwriter) \|Best R&B Song \| \|- \|\|2015 \|BEYONCÉ (featured artist) \|rowspan=2\|Album of the Year \| \|- \|\|2016 \|To Pimp a Butterfly (featured artist) \| \|- \|rowspan=\"3\"\|2018 \|rowspan=\"2\"\|\"That's What I Like\" (As a songwriter) \|Song of the Year \| \|- \|Best R&B Song \| \|- \|\"24K Magic\" (As a songwriter) \|Album of the Year \| \|- \|\|2024 \|Nova (with Terrace Martin) \|Best Progressive R&B Album \| \|- References External links Check The Credits: Songwriter James Fauntleroy II On Writing Hits For", "title": "James Fauntleroy" }, { "docid": "68358159", "text": "\"Skate\" is a song by American superduo Silk Sonic, which consists of Bruno Mars and Anderson .Paak. It was released on July 30, 2021, by Aftermath Entertainment and Atlantic Records as the second single from their debut studio album An Evening with Silk Sonic (2021). The song was written by the artists alongside James Fauntleroy, Domi & JD Beck, and Dernst \"D'Mile\" Emile II, who produced it with Mars. An R&B, disco, and funk song, it was inspired by music from the 1970s disco period. The song's lyrics discuss roller skating and include an invitation to a dance floor. \"Skate\" was well received by music critics, some of whom praised the retro 1970s sound and found it to be perfect for the summer. The song charted moderately in several countries; in North America, it reached number 14 on the Billboard Hot 100 and the top 20 in Canada. Elsewhere, the song topped the charts in Israel, peaked at number 12 in New Zealand and it also entered the top 20 Flanders region of Belgium. The accompanying music video was directed by Florent Dechard, Mars, and co-directed by Philippe Tayag, being released along with the song. It depicts Mars and .Paak performing the song outdoors in a tropical location as several women roller-skate around them. Silk Sonic performed the song during their concert residency An Evening with Silk Sonic at Park MGM (2022). Background In late February 2021, Mars and .Paak announced on social media the formation of their new band Silk Sonic and revealed the artwork for their debut studio album An Evening with Silk Sonic (2021). On March 5 that year, they released their first single \"Leave the Door Open\". The duo teased new music in the months leading up to the release of \"Skate\". After performing \"Leave the Door Open\" at the BET Awards 2021, they tempted fans with a new song, which was later revealed to be \"a hoax\". On July 28, 2021, .Paak posted a picture of a red car with the phrase \"You've Been Invited To Silk Sonic's Summertime Jam This Friday\" on Twitter, hinting at an impending release. In an interview with Zane Lowe on Apple Music 1's show New Music Daily, Mars said the track \"came about as part of thought exercise in the studio\" as he and his team were imagining they were performing a song \"in the middle of a roller rink\", and the way the bass, guitar, and drums would sound. Mars added; \"And I wanted to play congas and that's what you get. You get a song called 'Skate'. Talking about I'm trying to float. I'm trying to glide.\" He affirmed that \"Skate\" was chosen as the second single \"because the sun is out.\" Mars hoped that \"Everybody's at the pool, at the beach, barbequing, listen to some Silk Sonic.\" Silk Sonic wanted people to \"feel like they were floating and gliding, slipping and sliding.\" Release and production On July 30, 2021, Aftermath Entertainment and Atlantic Records released \"Skate\"", "title": "Skate (song)" }, { "docid": "37951464", "text": "This article contains a list of singles that have been certified multi-platinum by the ARIA. Double platinum As Long As You Love Me - Justin Bieber featuring Big Sean Beauty and a Beat - Justin Bieber featuring Nicki Minaj Boyfriend - Justin Bieber Breakeven - The Script Breathing - Jason Derulo Chase That Feeling - Hilltop Hoods Cinema - Benny Benassi featuring Gary Go Drive By - Train Fight for You - Jason Derulo Get Along - Guy Sebastian Girl on Fire (Inferno Version) - Alicia Keys featuring Nicki Minaj Hello - Martin Solveig & Dragonette Hey Hey Hey (Pop Another Bottle) - Laurent Wery featuring Dev & Swift K.I.D. How We Do (Party) - Rita Ora If Looks Could Kill - Timomatic I Knew You Were Trouble - Taylor Swift I Like It Like That - Hot Chelle Rae I Will Wait - Mumford & Sons Inescapable - Jessica Mauboy International Love - Pitbull featuring Chris Brown It Will Rain - Bruno Mars Let Me Love You (Until You Learn to Love Yourself) - Ne-Yo Little Talks - Of Monsters and Men Live While We're Young - One Direction Love On Top - Beyoncé Mind Your Manners - Chiddy Bang featuring Icona Pop Need You Now - Lady Antebellum Nobody's Perfect - Jessie J Pound the Alarm - Nicki Minaj Running Back - Jessica Mauboy featuring Flo Rida She Wolf (Falling to Pieces) - David Guetta featuring Sia Sitting on Top of the World - Delta Goodrem Spectrum (Say My Name) - Florence + The Machine Stronger (What Doesn't Kill You) - Kelly Clarkson Summer Paradise - Simple Plan Sweet Nothing - Calvin Harris featuring Florence Welch Take Care - Drake featuring Rihanna This Is Love - will.i.am featuring Eva Simons Thriller - Michael Jackson Troublemaker - Olly Murs featuring Flo Rida Turn All the Lights On - T-Pain featuring Ne-Yo Turn Up the Love - Far East Movement featuring Cover Drive Turn Up the Music - Chris Brown We'll Be Coming Back - Calvin Harris featuring Example What You've Done to Me - Samantha Jade Wide Awake - Katy Perry Wings - Little Mix Worth It - Fifth Harmony Thunderstruck - AC/DC Quintuple platinum Boom Boom - Justice Crew California Gurls - Katy Perry featuring Snoop Dogg Don't Wanna Go Home - Jason Derulo Don't You Worry Child - Swedish House Mafia Good Feeling - Flo Rida Grenade - Bruno Mars Hey, Soul Sister - Train I Gotta Feeling - The Black Eyed Peas Into the Flame - Matt Corby Just the Way You Are - Bruno Mars OMG - Usher Only Girl (In the World) - Rihanna Payphone - Maroon 5 featuring Wiz Khalifa Price Tag - Jessie J featuring B.o.B Raise Your Glass - Pink Sexy Chick - David Guetta featuring Akon Skinny Love - Birdy Tik Tok - Kesha Titanium - David Guetta featuring Sia We Are Young - Fun featuring Janelle Monáe Yeah 3x - Chris Brown References Australia Australia Australian music-related lists", "title": "List of singles certified multi-platinum in Australia" }, { "docid": "30485723", "text": "The UK R&B Chart is a weekly chart that ranks the biggest-selling singles that are classified in the R&B genre in the United Kingdom. The chart is compiled by the Official Charts Company, and is based on both physical and digital single sales. Summary 2011 opened with international artist Rihanna's collaboration with Young Money-member Drake, \"What's My Name?\" continuing its reign at the peak. Having first reached the peak on 19 December 2010 the single has spent a total of five consecutive weeks at number-one (two in 2010, the other three in 2011). Rihanna's reign at the peak of the chart was ended when Sean Combs' latest group Diddy-Dirty Money debuted at number-one on 23 January 2011 with \"Coming Home\", which also featured singer-songwriter Skylar Grey. Having spent an equal number of weeks at the peak, three; the single was knocked from the peak on 13 February by British rapper Chipmunk and his collaboration with American R&B artist Chris Brown, \"Champion\". The single spent two weeks at the peak of the chart before being toppled by Rihanna, who claimed her second R&B number-one of 2011 with \"S&M\" on 27 February. After five consecutive weeks at number-one, \"S&M\" was knocked down to number two in favour of Jennifer Lopez and her comeback collaboration with Pitbull, \"On the Floor\". After three consecutive weeks at the peak, \"On the Floor\" was dethroned by Wretch 32 on 24 April, with second single \"Unorthodox\"; a collaboration with rapper Example. The following week saw Bruno Mars climb to the top spot with third single \"The Lazy Song\". The appearance marked the singer's third R&B number-one single, following collaborations with B.o.B and Travie McCoy – \"Nothin' On You\" (2010) and \"Billionaire\" (2010). On its third week at the peak, the single also topped the UK Singles Chart – the fourth number-one for Mars. Having spent five weeks at the peak, Bruno Mars was toppled from the number-one spot on 4 June by American singer Aloe Blacc with breakthrough single \"I Need a Dollar\". The single spent two consecutive weeks at the summit before the Tinchy Stryder and Dappy (of N-Dubz) collaboration \"Spaceship\" debuted at number-one on 19 June. The following week Jason Derülo claimed the number-one single, when \"Don't Wanna Go Home\" debuted on the chart. The single also topped the UK chart and marked Derülo's fourth number-one single on the chart – the others being \"Whatcha Say\" (2009), \"In My Head\" (2010) and \"Ridin' Solo\" (2010). Spending only two weeks at the peak, Derülo was shortly replaced by Loick Essien with the breakthrough single \"How We Roll\", which featured guest vocals from Tanya Lacey. The following week saw R&B-legend Beyoncé claim another number-one single with \"Best Thing I Never Had\". The single marks the third R&B number-one single for the singer, the others being \"If I Were a Boy\" (2008) and \"Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)\" (2009). Following two weeks at the number-one spot, Beyoncé was replaced by British boyband JLS with the Dev-assisted", "title": "List of UK R&B Singles Chart number ones of 2011" }, { "docid": "35617675", "text": "\"Never Close Our Eyes\" is a song by American singer Adam Lambert from his second studio album, Trespassing. The song was released as the album's second single on April 14, 2012. It was written and produced by Bruno Mars, Philip Lawrence, Ari Levine, Dr. Luke, and Cirkut. The song was met with glowing reviews for the most part, as critics praised it for being a much better offering than previous single \"Better Than I Know Myself\". The single performed moderately well on the charts. Unlike singles past, \"Never Close Our Eyes\" is Lambert's first top twenty hit in the United Kingdom, debuting and peaking at number seventeen. The song is also Lambert's second US top ten club hit peaking at number six on the chart. Background and release After the moderate impact that \"Better Than I Know Myself\" had on the charts, Lambert postponed his second album Trespassing for a May release. Later, on April 11, 2012, Lambert announced that \"Never Close Our Eyes\" will be the second single and included a photo of the single's artwork. The song premiered the following day through his SoundCloud profile. The song was released on April 16, 2012. Composition \"Never Close Our Eyes\" was written by Bruno Mars, Philip Lawrence, Ari Levine, Henry Walter, Lukasz Gottwald, all of whom also helmed production for the track, with Gottwald and Walter working under their respective production names Dr. Luke and Cirkut, and Mars, Lawrence, and Levine working in their production team, The Smeezingtons. It is an electropop song, with strong elements of dance-pop and Europop. As noted by Scott Shetler of Pop Crush, the track features a hint of Dr. Luke's up-tempo dance sound while retaining Bruno Mars' melodic pop sensibility. Lyrically, the carpe diem-themed song is about living life to the fullest and partying until the break of dawn. The song is also about enjoying time with a special someone. In the chorus, Lambert sings: \"But you know I wish that this night would never be over/ There's plenty of time to sleep when we die/ So let's just stay awake until we grow older/ If I had my way we'd never close our eyes, our eyes, never!\". According to Lambert himself, the song is \"about all of US. A community. A movement.\" Critical reception Contessa Gayles of AOL Music Blog called the song an \"infectious dance track\", while TJ of NeomLimelight called Lambert's vocals \"impeccable\". Writing for the MTV Buzzworthy blog, Jenna Rubenstein gave the song a positive review, writing: \"Set to a pop-rooted dance beat, Adam's rock-tinged pipes carry the entire song as he sings about staying awake 24/7 to enjoy the hell out of his life.\" Robbie Daw of Idolator wrote that \"while the song boasts the slickest pop production since 'Moves Like Jagger', the selling point is, as usual, Adam's angelic rocker vocals, which soar above and loop through the melody with ease.\" Joe Lynch of Fuse referred to the song as \"magnificently theatrical,\" while writing that \"'Never Close Our", "title": "Never Close Our Eyes" }, { "docid": "55245831", "text": "The LOS40 Music Awards 2017 were the twelfth edition of the LOS40 Music Awards, the annual awards organized by Spanish radio station Los 40. It was held on November 10, 2017 in the WiZink Center in Madrid, Spain. Performances Awards and nominations The nominations were revealed on September 14, 2017. Artist of the Year David Bisbal Dani Martín Leiva Vanesa Martín Manuel Carrasco New Artist of the Year Bombai Blas Cantó Taburete C. Tangana Bromas Aparte Album of the Year David Bisbal - Hijos del mar Vanesa Martín - Munay David Otero - David Otero Joaquín Sabina - Lo niego todo Taburete - Dr. Charas Song of the Year Bombai feat. Bebe - Solo si es contigo Leiva - La lluvia en los zapatos Álvaro Soler & Morat - Yo contigo, tú conmigo Vanesa Martín - Complicidad David Bisbal - Antes que no Video of the Year David Bisbal - Antes que no Leiva - La lluvia en los zapatos C. Tangana - Mala mujer Blas Cantó - In Your Bed Various artists - Y, ¿si fuera ella? International Artist of the Year Ed Sheeran Shawn Mendes Kygo Bruno Mars Charlie Puth International New Artist of the Year Rag'n'Bone Man Kaleo Julia Michaels Harry Styles Bebe Rexha International Album of the Year Ed Sheeran - ÷ Harry Styles - Harry Styles Calvin Harris - Funk Wav Bounces Vol. 1 Bruno Mars - 24K Magic Imagine Dragons - Evolve International Song of the Year Ed Sheeran - Shape of You Luis Fonsi & Daddy Yankee feat. Justin Bieber - Despacito Clean Bandit feat. Sean Paul & Anne-Marie - Rockabye Rag'n'Bone Man - Human The Chainsmokers & Coldplay - Something Just Like This International Video of the Year Katy Perry feat. Skip Marley - Chained to the Rhythm Ed Sheeran - Shape of You Kygo & Selena Gomez - It Ain't Me Luis Fonsi feat. Daddy Yankee - Despacito Bruno Mars - That's What I Like Best Latin Artist J Balvin Shakira Maluma Luis Fonsi Juanes Tour of the Year Bruno Mars - 24K Magic World Tour Ed Sheeran - ÷ Tour Leiva - Gira Monstruos U2 - The Joshua Tree Tour 2017 Maluma - Pretty Boy Dirty Boy World Tour Lo + 40 Artist Award Ariana Grande Charlie Puth Harry Styles Camila Cabello Shawn Mendes LOS40 Trending Artist Award L.A. Arcade Fire Rayden Monarchy The xx Golden Music Awards U2 Alejandro Sanz Luis Fonsi & Daddy Yankee feat. Justin Bieber - Despacito LOS40 Global Show Award Luis Fonsi feat. Daddy Yankee - Despacito Maluma - Felices los 4 Shakira - Me enamoré J Balvin & Willy William - Mi gente Enrique Iglesias feat. Descemer Bueno & Zion & Lennox - Súbeme la radio LOS40 Blackjack Artist Award Sofi Tukker Royal Blood Haim Portugal. The Man Bleachers References Los Premios 40 Principales 2017 music awards", "title": "LOS40 Music Awards 2017" }, { "docid": "53163996", "text": "That's What I Like may refer to: \"That's What I Like\" (Jive Bunny and the Mastermixers song), 1989 \"That's What I Like\" (Bruno Mars song), 2017 \"That's What I Like\", song by Jo Ann Tolley, 1954 \"That's What I Like\", song written by Styne & Hillard, sung by Dean Martin on album Hey, Brother, Pour the Wine \"That's What I Like\", song written by Axton & Reeves, sung by Perry Como on album We Get Letters \"That's What I Like\", song by Flo Rida from The Peanuts Movie soundtrack \"That's What I Like\", song by Chas & Dave from the album Job Lot", "title": "That's What I Like" }, { "docid": "25243336", "text": "Claude Kelly (born December 27, 1980) is an American singer, songwriter and music producer. He is a four-time Grammy Award nominee, and has written or co-written songs for chart-topping artists including Michael Jackson, Whitney Houston, Kelly Clarkson, Britney Spears, Ariana Grande, Bruno Mars, Christina Aguilera, Adam Lambert, Jennifer Lopez, Kesha, Brandy, Keke Wyatt, Tori Kelly, and One Direction. He and Chuck Harmony make up the R&B duo Louis York; together with Harmony, he founded the music collective Weirdo Workshop. Early life and education Kelly was born and raised in New York City. His Jamaican-born mother introduced him to a variety of music styles, including jazz, reggae, blues and R&B. Growing up, he studied piano and flute at the Third Street Music School Settlement and sang with the New York Boys Choir. Kelly attended Grace Church School, Riverdale Country School, and then Berklee College of Music in Boston, Massachusetts, graduating with a degree in music business/management in 2002. Career Songwriting After graduating from Berklee, Kelly worked as a session singer on the East Coast, before starting to write his own songs. He placed his first song in 2002, when \"You're Taking It\" was included on a CD compilation for Japanese clothing line A Bathing Ape. He wrote \"Daddy's Little Girl\" for Frankie J, which was released as a single in 2006, and led to a publishing contract with Warner/Chappell Music. That year, Kelly was introduced to producer RedOne, and began working with him and Lady Gaga, who was at the time working on her first album. This led to an introduction to Akon. Kelly and Akon co-wrote \"Hold My Hand\" with Whitney Houston in mind, but Akon liked the song so much that he decided to record it as a duet with Michael Jackson. It was one of Jackson's last recordings, and appeared on his 2010 posthumous album Michael. Nicknamed the Studio Beast, Kelly has written numerous hits, including the Britney Spears song \"Circus\", which he wrote with Dr. Luke and Benny Blanco and reached No. 3 on the Billboard Hot 100, and No. 1 on the Billboard Pop Songs and Billboard Hot Dance Club Play charts; Kelly Clarkson's \"My Life Would Suck Without You\", which he co-wrote with Max Martin and Dr. Luke and hit No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100; and the Miley Cyrus single \"Party in the U.S.A.\", written with Dr. Luke and Jessie J, which spent 28 weeks on the Billboard Hot 100 and peaked at No. 2. Kelly co-wrote and recorded backing vocals for \"International Love\" by Pitbull featuring Chris Brown, which peaked at number 13 on the Billboard Hot 100. He has been nominated for four Grammy Awards: the 2011 Grammy Award for Best R&B Song for Fantasia's \"Bittersweet\"; two 2012 Grammy Awards, for Song of the Year for Bruno Mars' \"Grenade\" and Best R&B Song for Ledisi's \"Pieces of Me\"; and the 2013 Grammy Award for Best R&B Song for Tamia's \"Beautiful Surprise\". He was named to The Hollywood Reporter'''s 2013 list of", "title": "Claude Kelly" }, { "docid": "27283647", "text": "The Smeezingtons were an American songwriting and record production team consisting of Bruno Mars, Philip Lawrence, and Ari Levine formed in 2009. The Smeezingtons were established in Los Angeles, California; the trio primarily served as the producers for the singles and albums of Mars, with additional work for diverse range of artists. Eventually, the trio split, and Mars and Lawrence formed a successor production trio with Christopher Brody Brown called \"Shampoo Press & Curl\". Before Mars' mainstream breakthrough as a performer, the Smeezingtons first gained recognition after producing the song \"Wavin' Flag\" for Canadian singer K'naan in 2009, which was used by Coca-Cola as the theme for television coverage of the 2010 FIFA World Cup. In December of that year, the trio produced and co-wrote Mars' debut single appearance, \"Nothin' on You\" by American rapper B.o.B. It was their first Billboard Hot 100 number-one single, and the first of numerous successful productions for Mars's career—which resulted in two consecutive Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles in 2010 and 2013. In August 2010, they produced and co-wrote the single \"Fuck You\" for American singer CeeLo Green, which topped the UK Singles Chart and peaked at number two on the Billboard Hot 100. Career Formation Before meeting Bruno Mars, Philip Lawrence worked in theater and at Disney World in Florida for seven years after finishing college. He moved to Los Angeles and was \"holding down these random telemarketing jobs to keep the lights on\". After Mars graduated in Hawaii, he moved to L.A. and found he could only pay rent by DJing. Before they met each other, \"a lot of time was wasted working with random producers bouncing around from studio to studio but never getting anything done\". Lawrence was initially reluctant to meet Mars but their collaboration worked from the start. According to Lawrence: Mars and Lawrence started writing songs together for Mars to perform but they received rejections from labels. The duo considered moving back to their home cities but that week, they got a call from Mars's former manager Brandon Creed, who was A&Ring a reunited Menudo, who needed songs. Creed liked their song \"Lost\", which was written for Mars. At first Mars and Lawrence did not want to give up the song so Creed offered them $20,000 for it. Mars and Lawrence were so surprised they said; \"You can have that one and whatever else you need!\"; the call allowed them to stay in L.A. longer. In late 2008, Aaron-Bay Schuck (A&R), Lawrence and Mars helped write Flo Rida's single \"Right Round\". Lawrence and Mars decided to call their partnership The Smeezingtons. In 2007, Mars was a struggling singer-songwriter and Ari Levine was a producer looking to work with new songwriters. Lawrence was the first guest at Levine's studio Levcon Studios; they had previously worked together after being introduced by a mutual friend. Lawrence was responsible for connecting Mars and Levine. One day, Mars and Lawrence were sitting in a car with no money; they decided to try producing", "title": "The Smeezingtons" }, { "docid": "19204289", "text": "\"Long Distance\" is a song by American recording artist Brandy Norwood. It was written by Bruno Mars, Philip Lawrence, Jeff Bhasker, and Rodney \"Darkchild\" Jerkins, and was co-produced by Jerkins and Mars for her fifth studio album Human (2008) based on a demo by Mars. It appears as the seventh track on the album on which it is interluded by a telephone conversation between two lovers. The lyrics of the piano–led power ballad describe the protagonist's emotional state towards an ongoing long-distance relationship, which leaves her in depression. The song was the second and final single to precede the Human album in October 2008. It garnered a generally mixed reception from music critics who applauded the song's lyrical content, its vocals and the hymnlike character, while others found the song would sound too clichéd and outdated. Never released outside North America, \"Long Distance\" peaked at number 38 on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart and failed to enter the Hot 100 but became her second consecutive single after \"Right Here (Departed)\" to reach the top spot on the Dance Club Songs chart. An alternate pop remix, which featured a different instruments, was serviced to mainstream radio in February 2009. The accompanying music video for the single was directed by Chris Robinson and filmed at the Park Plaza Hotel in Los Angeles in November 2008. Depicting Norwood as a singing diva, who remembers moments with her distant lover, the video shifts from black-and-white to color photography during its bridge. Both Mars and Lawrence appear as pianists in a sequence of the clip. In promotion of the single, Norwood performed \"Long Distance\" on television shows such as Today, The Tyra Banks Show, CBS News, and BET's Just Human special (2008). Background \"Long Distance\" was written by two-thirds of The Smeezingtons production team, singer Bruno Mars and writer Phillip Lawrence. Penned along with producer Jeff Bhasker, the song was one of the first records Lawrence and Mars team collaborated on. Production on the track was handled by Mars and longtime Brandy contributor Rodney \"Darkchild\" Jerkins, who expanded the original demo track which was sung by Mars. Eventually scouted by Norwood's A&R manager on Epic Records, Brandon Creed, the track was presented to Norwood, who \"fell in love with it\" upon hearing and later approved of it. \"Long Distance\" was recorded at The Boom Boom Room in Burbank, California, with Mars, Lawrence and James Fauntleroy serving as vocal producers. When asked about her relation to the song, whose lyrics deal with the conditions of long-distance relationships, Norwood elaborated that \"Whether it's a significant other or your daughter, a lot of people are away from the people they love. I met some lady, and she was telling me her husband is away in Iraq right now. I was like, 'I have the perfect song for you.' Just being in a long-distance relationship, that experience is weird. You're not able to have that time, and you need that time.\" She further added: \"I was like 'Oh", "title": "Long Distance (song)" }, { "docid": "37808646", "text": "\"Moonshine\" is a song by American singer-songwriter Bruno Mars from his second studio album Unorthodox Jukebox (2012). It was released as the second promotional single on November 19, 2012, by Atlantic Records. \"Moonshine\" is a pop, power pop and R&B record, with a \"retro\" vibe. It was written by Mars, Philip Lawrence, Ari Levine, Andrew Wyatt, Jeff Bhasker and Mark Ronson. It was produced by the former three, under their alias, the Smeezingtons, Bhasker and Ronson. Its lyrics establish a metaphor between \"bootleg liquor\" and the \"longing for the high water mark of a relationship\", which becomes \"impossible to reach\". It received generally favorable reviews from music critics, who compared its composition to the works of Michael Jackson and Prince. Commercially, \"Moonshine\" charted only in South Korea, where it reached number 17, along with the release of its parent album. In 2013, it charted on the Belgium Ultratop 50 Flanders at number 30. On the following year, it debuted in France, spending 11 weeks on the chart, and Poland peaking at number 113 and 11, respectively. The song was performed on The Moonshine Jungle Tour (13–2014) as the opening act. Background and release During an interview, with Rolling Stone, Bruno Mars explained the origin of \"Moonshine\", by saying \"We all [Mars, Ronson and Bhasker] went out one night, and they had actual moonshine on the menu. We drank it all night, then headed to the studio – Jeff got on keyboards, Mark starts playing electronic drums that sound like Eighties Prince and I started screaming, 'Moonshine, take us to the stars!' There were a lot of nights like that\". The Smeezingtons spent three months trying to write a second verse for the song. \"Moonshine\" was written by Mars, Philip Lawrence, Ari Levine, Andrew Wyatt, Jeff Bhasker and Mark Ronson. Its production was handled by the former three under their alias the Smeezingtons, along with Bhasker and Ronson. The song was recorded by Levine, with additional engineering by Charles Moniz. The guitar was played by Wyatt and Ronson, the latter also handled the bass and other beats, while the former contributed with backing vocals along with Bhasker. The lead singer performs the keyboards on the recording. The mixing of the track was done at Larrabee Sound Studios in North Hollywood by Manny Marroquin. It was mastered by David Kutch at The Mastering Place. Upon the song lifting, Mars tweeted \"Ive been jammin to this song for a while now. I hope yall can groove wit me and slide wit me but most important BOK wit me #Moonshine\". \"Moonshine\" was released digitally as a promotional single in the United States on November 19, 2012, as part of the iTunes countdown through Atlantic Records. In countries outside of the US it as liberated by Warner Entertainment Group on the same date. It was announced on the Brazilian website of Warner Music Group that the track was set to be released on contemporary hit radio as a single on October 25, 2013, in Europe", "title": "Moonshine (Bruno Mars song)" }, { "docid": "62964433", "text": "Bruno Mars at Park MGM is a concert residency by American singer and songwriter Bruno Mars, being held at Dolby Live (previously Park Theater) at Park MGM in Las Vegas, Nevada, and at The Theater at MGM National Harbor, in Oxon Hill, Maryland. For performances, Mars is accompanied by his eight-piece band, the Hooligans, and the setlists feature songs from his albums Doo-Wops & Hooligans (2010), Unorthodox Jukebox (2012), and 24K Magic (2016), along with various covers. The concert residency has been promoted by Live Nation and MGM Resorts, has lasted eight years, and grossed $114.3 millions. It attracted a wide-ranging audience of all age groups. The April 2020 dates were canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The residency won Top R&B Tour at the 2022 Billboard Music Awards. Background and development On October 10, 2016, Entertainment Tonight announced that Bruno Mars signed a two-year deal with MGM Resorts International to perform at the Park Theater at Monte Carlo, in Las Vegas and The Theater at MGM National Harbor, in Maryland. This was Mars' second concert residency, after performing at The Chelsea at The Cosmopolitan with the last show being 2015 New Year's Eve. The president of MGM Resorts International, Bill Hornbuckle, said \"There is no stronger launching pad for a new venue than for Mars to be among the first to grace its stage\". The singer was among first to perform at the MGM National Harbor, as well as the first to perform at the new Park Theater, which features 5,300 seats, as well as brand new audio and visual technology. The concert residency was promoted by Live Nation and occasionally by MGM Resorts. Extra show dates for May and June 2023 were later added to the lineup. Shows cancellation and rescheduled The Las Vegas Review-Journal reported that Mars avoid contact the fans on his shows on March 6 and 7, 2020, at the Park Theater, as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, MGM Resorts announced the cancellation of the dates at the Park Theater on April 20, 24, and 25 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. On April 26, 2021, Mars was announced to return to the Park MGM to perform concerts at Park Theater beginning on the Fourth of July weekend. The scheduled shows sold within hours after being announced. On July 22, 2021, Mars postponed his July 23 and 24 shows to August 27 and 28 due to \"unforeseen circumstances\", according to a spokesperson for MGM Resorts. Concert synopsis The concert, which had a runtime of 90 to 95 minutes, opened either with \"24K Magic\" or \"Finesse\". During the show, Mars split the fans in half \"to see who was loudest\". During the concert \"Runaway Baby\" was interluded with The Isley Brothers' \"Shout\", and as Mars sung \"A little bit softer now...\" he and his band fell to the ground, only to rise up again closing the track. There was also a mash-up of Barrett Strong's \"Money (That's What I Want)\" and Travie McCoy's featuring Mars", "title": "Bruno Mars at Park MGM" }, { "docid": "29996247", "text": "\"Who Dat Girl\" is a song by American rapper Flo Rida. It features American singer Akon. The song was written by Flo Rida, Dr. Luke, Claude Kelly, Benny Blanco, Bruno Mars, and Philip Lawrence, and it was produced by Dr. Luke and Benny Blanco. It was released on January 11, 2011, as the third single from Flo Rida's third studio album, Only One Flo (Part 1). It peaked at number twenty-nine on the Billboard Hot 100. Chart performance The song debuted at number fifty-five on the Billboard Hot 100 on the issue dated November 18, 2010. On the issue date of January 22, 2011, the song charted at number thirty-nine on the chart, selling 63,000 digital copies. The following week the song peaked at number twenty-nine, becoming his eighth top-thirty single. In Australia, the track debuted at No. 29 on April 4, 2011, and peaked at No. 10 in its fifth week on the chart. Music video The music video was directed by Ray Kay. It premiered on December 2, 2010, on MTV. He shows his friend a picture of a girl on his laptop, and the friend accidentally spills liquid on it. The girl pops out of the laptop and throws a party at their house, like in the film Weird Science. In the video, Flo-Rida and Akon seem to be at a club scene, in which they are dancing with a few fairly good-looking ladies, covered in some substance in which looks like glow in the dark paint. Critical response Lewis Corner of Digital Spy UK gave the song a negative review, giving the single 2 out of 5 stars, stating \"Flo Rida's chart luck has been down of late, what with his last effort – and first solo track – just missing out on a spot in the top 40. His solution? Call in the big guns – in this instance Akon to launch him back to the top – and given that Flo considers himself the old-fashioned romantic sort at heart, there are no prizes for guessing which rapper on his latest effort. What's more, he's even roped in serial hitmaker Dr Luke to helm the track, who supplies a ready-made rubbery electro-R&B hook with a beat peeled off the 'California Gurls' cutting room floor. 'I imagine her topless/ she might set off my rocket,' Rida announces with a conviction that would make even Hugh Hefner blush, as Akon confesses his lass 'ain't no actress/ But she makes movies.' Who said romance was dead?\" Personnel Songwriting – Flo Rida, Dr. Luke, Claude Kelly, Benjamin Levin, Bruno Mars, Philip Lawrence Production, instruments and programming – Dr. Luke, Benny Blanco Vocals – Flo Rida, Akon Engineering – Emily Wright, Chris \"Tek\" O'Ryan, Sam Holland Assistant engineering – Tatiana Gottwald Mixing – Serban Ghenea Mix engineer – John Hanes Assistant mix engineer – Tim Roberts Background vocals – Claude Kelly Remix Package – 8barz 8barz Music, LLC Source: Charts and certifications Weekly charts Year-end charts Certifications References 2010 singles", "title": "Who Dat Girl" }, { "docid": "54204317", "text": "Punk Goes Pop Vol. 7 is the eighteenth compilation album in the Punk Goes... series by Fearless Records and the seventh installment in the Punk Goes Pop franchise. The album contains mainstream pop songs covered by thirteen bands from the pop punk, post-hardcore, metalcore, and alternative rock scenes. It was released via Fearless on July 14, 2017. Background and release On May 31, 2017, the Punk Goes... Facebook page went dark speculating that a new Punk Goes... album was on the way. Nobody knew it was going to be a new Punk Goes Pop album until a day later. On June 1, 2017 it was announced on all social media and the official Punk Goes... website that Punk Goes Pop Vol. 7 would be announced as the new album of 2017. This was the first new Punk Goes... album in three years the last being Punk Goes Pop Vol. 6 back in 2014. Upon the announcement of Punk Goes Pop Vol. 7 Fearless Records also released the first single off the album a cover of \"That's What I Like\" originally by Bruno Mars performed by American rock band Dance Gavin Dance. The album was released on July 14, 2017 on Apple Music. It was also available for streaming on the Fearless Records YouTube channel on the same day. The album debuted at number 79 on the Billboard 200 and at number 12 on the US Top Alternative Albums charts. Singles Since the release of Punk Goes Pop Vol. 7 the album has spawned four singles. The first which was released in promotion of the album was Dance Gavin Dance's cover of That's What I Like originally performed by Bruno Mars, it was released on June 1, 2017 alongside the announcement of the Punk Goes Pop Vol. 7, it was accompanied by a music video. The second single to be released off the album was The Amity Affliction's cover of Can't Feel My Face originally performed by The Weeknd, it was released on June 22, 2017. It was also accompanied by a music video depicting zombie teenagers walking around eating people in a school and a group of people trying to kill them. The band is seen playing on a stage in what seems to be an auditorium of the school and they also have become zombies. The third single to be released off the album was Andy Black and his wife Juliet Simms's cover of When We Were Young originally performed by Adele, it was released on July 14, 2017 in celebration of the release of Punk Goes Pop Vol. 7. It was also accompanied by a music video depicting Andy and his wife Juliet in a black and white movie singing a duet of When We Were Young. The fourth single to be released off the album was Grayscale's cover of Love Yourself originally performed by Justin Bieber, it was released on July 19, 2017 after the official release of Punk Goes Pop Vol. 7. The song's music video", "title": "Punk Goes Pop Vol. 7" }, { "docid": "34605063", "text": "Emile Haynie (born July 13, 1980), often credited simply as Emile, is an American record producer. Born and raised in Buffalo, New York, his range of production includes alternative rock, hip hop, indie and pop music. Haynie has worked with several prominent artists in the music industry including Kanye West, Kid Cudi, Eminem, Lana Del Rey, Bruno Mars, Linkin Park, FKA Twigs, Florence Welch and Camila Cabello, among others. Additionally, Haynie received two Grammy Awards for his work with English singer Adele, namely Album of the Year for the diamond certified 25 as well as Record of the Year for \"Hello\". Biography 2003–2008: Early life and career beginnings Emile Haynie is a native of Buffalo, New York. He started primarily as a sample-driven hip-hop producer and got his first big break after handing off a beat CD to now-deceased Detroit rapper Proof. He then began producing for various members of Eminem’s Detroit camp, as well as New York City rappers Raekwon, Cormega, and C-Rayz Walz. He relocated to New York City and got his start as a hip hop producer in the early 2000s, collaborating with rappers Obie Trice, Ghostface Killah, The Roots, Cormega, M.O.P., Rhymefest, and AZ. His career grew and, by the second half of 2000's first decade, he had worked with Ice Cube, Slaughterhouse, Eminem, Kanye West and Kid Cudi. 2008–2010: Dream On era In 2007, Haynie, along with record producer Patrick “Plain Pat” Reynolds, began co-managing the career of then-up-and-coming musician Kid Cudi. The two would go on to executive produce Cudi’s debut mixtape A Kid Named Cudi (2008). In late 2008, Haynie, Plain Pat and Kid Cudi launched their record label, Dream On, in partnership with Kanye West's GOOD Music and Universal Motown. Haynie remixed Michael Jackson's 1972 song, \"Maria (You Were the Only One)\", for the 2009 album Michael Jackson: The Remix Suite. In February 2011 Kid Cudi announced Dream On had been dissolved. Cudi stated to Complex magazine that they were still on good terms: \"I wanted to try something new, and I wanted to take control of things myself.[...] There’s no hard feelings.\" The label released Kid Cudi's albums, Man on the Moon: The End of Day (2009) and Man on the Moon II: The Legend of Mr. Rager (2010). 2010–2014: Mainstream hits Haynie was nominated for the 2010 Grammy Award for Album of the Year for Eminem's Recovery. He co-produced Kanye West's 2010 single, \"Runaway\", and expanded into pop and indie music, working with Lana Del Rey, Bruno Mars and Fun. Haynie produced Lana Del Rey's 2012 album, Born to Die, which debuted on the Billboard 200 chart at number two, and at number one in Britain, Germany, Ireland, Switzerland and Austria, respectively. Alongside Jeff Bhasker, Haynie also produced Fun's second album Some Nights (2012). Haynie also co-wrote Lady Antebellum's 2013's single, \"Compass\". 2015–present: We Fall On January 19, 2015, Haynie announced he would be releasing his debut studio album, titled We Fall, featuring guest appearances from Andrew Wyatt, Brian Wilson,", "title": "Emile Haynie" }, { "docid": "35570023", "text": "The American Idols Live! Tour 2012 is a summer concert tour in the United States, Canada and Philippines that features the Top 10 contestants of the eleventh season of American Idol. The tour began on July 6, 2012 in Detroit, Michigan and ended on September 21, 2012 in Quezon City, Philippines. At most venues, the stage was placed in the middle while the other half was closed off with curtains, thus making a theate-rlike environment. Like the 2011 summer tour, this is the second time to include the Philippines at the same venue in Quezon City, marking this the third time that the tour took place outside North America. Performers Overview The tour this repeated the same format as American Idols Live! Tour 2011, where there were solos and group performances. The first half contained solos from the first five contestants eliminated: Erika Van Pelt, Heejun Han, Deandre Brackensick, Colton Dixon and Elise Testone. The second half started with a set for the runner-up, Jessica Sanchez, then there were performances by Skylar Laine, Hollie Cavanagh and Joshua Ledet, and then a set for the winner, Phillip Phillips. The show ended with a group number. Unlike previous tours, the stage was placed in the middle of an arena to make it look like a theater environment. Setlist Top 10 (except Phillips) – \"Sing\" (My Chemical Romance) DeAndre Brackensick – \"Master Blaster (Jammin')\" (Stevie Wonder) Hollie Cavanagh and Skylar Laine – \"Undo It\" (Carrie Underwood) Erika Van Pelt – \"Glitter in the Air\" (Pink) Van Pelt, Cavanagh, Joshua Ledet and Colton Dixon – \"Moves like Jagger\" (Maroon 5 feat. Christina Aguilera) Heejun Han – \"Green Light\" (John Legend) Han, Brackensick and Jessica Sanchez – \"Party Rock Anthem\" (LMFAO) Ledet, Dixon, Brackensick and Han – \"Everybody Talks\" (Neon Trees) Elise Testone – \"Whole Lotta Love\" (Led Zeppelin), \"Rumour Has It\" (with Brackensick and Van Pelt on backing vocals) (Adele) Dixon – \"Meant to Live\" (Switchfoot), \"Never Gone\" (Colton Dixon) and \"Piano Man\" (Billy Joel) Top 10 (except Phillips)– \"Just the Way You Are\"/\"What Makes You Beautiful\" (Bruno Mars/One Direction) Intermission Sanchez – \"Best Thing I Never Had\" (Beyoncé), \"How Come U Don't Call Me Anymore?\" (with Ledet and Brackensick on backing vocals) (Prince) and \"Proud Mary\" (with Ledet and Brackensick on backing vocals) (Creedence Clearwater Revival) Laine – \"Gunpowder & Lead\" (Miranda Lambert) and \"Stay with Me\" (Faces) Cavanagh – \"Rolling in the Deep\" (with Testone and Van Pelt on backing vocals) (Adele) and \"Give Your Heart a Break\" (Demi Lovato) Ledet \"Runaway Baby\" (with Testone, Brakensick and Van Pelt on backing vocals) (Bruno Mars) and \"It's a Man's Man's Man's World\" (James Brown) Ledet and Sanchez – \"I Knew You Were Waiting (For Me)\" (George Michael and Aretha Franklin) Phillip Phillips – \"Superstition\" (Stevie Wonder) and \"Nice & Slow\" (Usher) Phillips and Testone – \"Somebody That I Used to Know\" (Gotye feat. Kimbra) Phillips (with Sanchez on backing vocal) – \"Volcano\" (Damien Rice) Phillips (with Dixon and Brackensick on backing vocals) –", "title": "American Idols Live! Tour 2012" }, { "docid": "53642940", "text": "Fifth Harmony is an American four-piece girl group, consisting of members Ally Brooke, Normani Kordei, Dinah Jane, Lauren Jauregui and formerly Camila Cabello. The group began working on their debut EP, Better Together. It was released in 2013, following their exit from the second season of the American televised singing competition, The X Factor. At this time, the group contributed guest vocals on two covers, \"When I Was Your Man\" by Bruno Mars and \"Mirrors\" by Justin Timberlake, for Boyce Avenue's cover EP, Cover Collaborations, Volume 2. The first single released from their debut EP, Better Together, was \"Miss Movin' On\", a power pop song with a synth-backed chorus written by singer Julia Michaels among other writers. While the group had very limited songwriting credits in their EP, they are credited as writers on the promotional single, \"Me & My Girls\" with collaborations from Patrick James Bianco, Beau Alexandrè Dozier and John Ryan. Their EP was subsequently released four times with an acoustic version, a remixes EP, and two Spanish versions, one standard and one acoustic. The group's debut studio album, Reflection, saw collaborations with different sets of producers and songwriters as well as artists who previously worked on their EP. A returning composer includes Julian Bunetta who co-wrote the titular track. Different writers and producers were heavily involved in making this album including Taylor Parks, and Chris Aparri and Victoria Monét, who was the most involved co-writing and co-producing a total of four tracks. \"Worth It, the third and final single released from Reflection, incorporates strong elements of Balkan music in its production, a trademark of Ori Kaplan, who is credited as a co-producer. The previous single, \"Sledgehammer\", the synthpop and electronic dance song with new wave and 1980's music style influences was penned by Meghan Trainor with additional writing from Jonas Seberg and Sean Douglas. The lyrical content cast a more mature, reflective, darker and somber tone over Better Together, which critics noted as a step away from the group's \"teen\" image in their previous EP. Fifth Harmony's second studio album, 7/27 saw the group experiment with new genres such as tropical house, reggae and funk. New songwriters and producers for this record include Joshua Coleman, musician Kygo and Dallas Koehlke. Coleman co-wrote album's lead single, \"Work from Home\", the R&B track with trap and tropical house influences with help from the song's featured artist, Ty Dolla Sign. The group is credited as songwriters in only one song, \"All in My Head (Flex)\" with additional writing from Eriksen and Hermansen from Stargate and production from Monét, among other credits. The group's third album, Fifth Harmony, was released on August 25, 2017 following the departure of group member Camila Cabello. It was preceded by the lead single, \"Down\", which was released June 2 and features guest vocals from rapper Gucci Mane. A promotional single from the album \"Angel\", was released on August 10 and the second single, \"He Like That\" was released on August 25. The remaining members (Brooke,", "title": "List of songs recorded by Fifth Harmony" }, { "docid": "33754447", "text": "Mac & Devin Go to High School is the collaborative soundtrack to the film of the same name, by American rappers and film stars Snoop Dogg and Wiz Khalifa. It was released on December 13, 2011, by Atlantic Records. The album features guest appearances from Bruno Mars, Juicy J, Curren$y and Mike Posner. The album is supported by the lone hit single, \"Young, Wild & Free\" (featuring Mars). The album received positive reviews from music critics, who praised Snoop's and Khalifa's technical rapping abilities and production choices. The soundtrack debuted at number 29 on the US Billboard 200, and has been certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Background Snoop Dogg announced plans for the release of a film, and soundtrack alongside Wiz Khalifa back in January, with the release of the song \"That Good\", originally intended to be the soundtrack's lead single. Wiz Khalifa spoke on the soundtrack saying \"It's a real big deal because nobody's done it like that as far as a veteran in the game, an OG, a pioneer and then the newest, youngest, most exciting dude in rap coming through, and really just giving people a complete project,\" Wiz said. \"I'm a fan of it, separate myself from making it, [I'm] a huge fan of it. Can't wait.\" As far as the musical vibe of the soundtrack, Snoop described it, \"It's something to relax you and get you through the day; it's some real good music. The music is quality, I don't even have no title for it, as far as what kinda music is it, it's centric, it's ...,\" Dogg said searching for the right words before his partner-in-rhyme lent a hand. \"Eclectic,\" Wiz chimed in. Singles \"Young, Wild & Free\", the soundtrack's lead single which features Bruno Mars, and produced by The Smeezingtons, was released on October 11, 2011. In its first week it sold 159,000 digital copies, debuting at number 10 on the US Billboard Hot 100, and number 44 on the Canadian Hot 100. The music video was filmed on October 19, 2011. Commercial performance In his home country of United States, Mac & Devin Go to High School debuted at number 29 on the Billboard 200, selling 38,000 copies in its first week. In Canada, the album debuted at number 96. As of February 2012 the album has sold 107,000 copies in the United States. In 2016 Mac & Devin Go to High School was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), for combined album sales, on-demand audio, video streams, track sales equivalent of 500,000. Track listing Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts Certifications References 2011 soundtrack albums Albums produced by Cardo Albums produced by Drumma Boy Albums produced by Exile (producer) Albums produced by Jake One Albums produced by Nottz Albums produced by the Smeezingtons Albums produced by Soopafly Albums produced by Warren G Atlantic Records soundtracks Doggystyle Records albums Wiz Khalifa albums Snoop Dogg albums 2011 collaborative albums Cannabis music Albums produced by", "title": "Mac & Devin Go to High School (soundtrack)" }, { "docid": "48455069", "text": "William \"Willdabeast\" Adams (born September 6, 1988) is a professional dancer and choreographer who specializes in hip hop dance. History William \"Willdabeast\" Adams, who is originally from Indiana, began his more intense dance training in 2005 in cities like Indianapolis and Chicago. He then began to travel and attend many dance conventions like Monsters of Hip Hop, Pulse on Tour, and many others. A short three years later, Adams joined a local Indianapolis dance crew named \"Destined 2 Be\", and the crew went on to win the Indiana Black Expo two years in a row earning a perfect score at both appearances. Something like this had never been done in the history of the expo. Professional experience Just a short year later, Adams' crew gained national attention by making it through two rounds of America's Got Talent. This appearance led the crew to shows with groups like Breaksk8 and people like Jason Derulo. Adams' career slowly began to lift off from there as he began to book many more jobs and appeared in movies, commercials, short films, etc. In late 2009, Adams chose to move to Los Angeles, California to continue to establish his career. In 2010, he landed a job dancing on tour for rap artist T-Pain. He also, since moving to LA, got jobs choreographing for Nike commercials and as a guest choreographer on one of the most popular dance television series in America, So You Think You Can Dance. Recent expeditions In 2013, Adams created the immaBEAST dance company. He auditioned hundreds of the most talented dancers in Los Angeles and across the country but only about 60 dancers made the final cut. Adams' company immediately began producing videos and short films that have since gained millions of views and followers. The immaBEAST company has become one of the biggest hip hop brands in America and has also had a major influence on American dance culture as well Beginning in 2015, Adams incorporated the annual immaBeast audition into a workshop and training experience called the BuildaBeast Experience. The five day convention held in California every year consists of four days of workshops with some of the industry's top choreographers and the immaBeast audition on the fifth day. Each year, the convention's size keeps going from about 750 dancers the first year to over 1,000 dancers in over a year. His most recent venture has been the company's dance studio called IMMA S p a c e. It went live on 28 February 2017 with a dance routine to That's what I like by Bruno Mars. Choreographers like Brian Friedman, Tricia Miranda, Janelle Ginestra and Phil Wright schedule classes here. References External links Danceplug McDonald Selznick Associates Broadway Dance Center immaBeast American male dancers Living people Artists from Los Angeles American choreographers Artists from Indianapolis 1988 births", "title": "Willdabeast Adams" }, { "docid": "40832398", "text": "The following list is a discography of production by The Smeezingtons, an American production and songwriting team from Los Angeles, California. It includes a list of songs produced, co-produced and remixed by year, artist, album and title. Singles produced 2009 Far*East Movement – Animal 03. \"3D\" (featuring Bruno Mars) (produced with the Stereotypes) K'naan – Troubadour 05. \"Bang Bang\" (featuring Adam Levine of Maroon 5) 07. \"Wavin Flag (Coca-Cola Celebration Mix)\" (2010) 16. \"Biscuit\" (Amazon.com bonus track) Matisyahu – Light 03. \"One Day\" Flo Rida – R.O.O.T.S. 05. \"Right Round\" (produced by Dr. Luke, Kool Kojak) Sean Kingston – Tomorrow 07. \"Island Queen\" 08. \"Tomorrow\" Jibbs – Non-album single 00. \"The Dedication (Ay DJ)\" (featuring Lloyd) Travie McCoy – Non-album single 00. \"One At a Time\" 2010 Sugababes – Sweet 7 01. \"Get Sexy\" 06. \"She's A Mess\" 07. \"Miss Everything\" (featuring Sean Kingston) B.o.B – B.o.B Presents: The Adventures of Bobby Ray 02. \"Nothin' on You\" (featuring Bruno Mars) Bruno Mars – It's Better If You Don't Understand (EP) 01. \"Somewhere in Brooklyn\" 02. \"The Other Side\" (featuring Cee-Lo & B.o.B) 03. \"Count on Me\" 04. \"Talking to the Moon\" Travie McCoy – Lazarus 01. \"Dr. Feel Good\" (featuring Cee-Lo Green) 03. \"Billionaire\" (featuring Bruno Mars) 07. \"We'll Be Alright\" (produced with the Stereotypes) Shontelle – No Gravity 06. \"DJ Made Me Do It\" (featuring Asher Roth) Mike Posner – 31 Minutes to Takeoff 03. \"Bow Chicka Wow Wow\" Sean Kingston – Non-album single \"Dumb Love\" Bruno Mars – Doo-Wops & Hooligans 01. \"Grenade\" 02. \"Just the Way You Are\" 03. \"Our First Time\" 04. \"Runaway Baby\" 05. \"The Lazy Song\" 06. \"Marry You\" 07. \"Talking to the Moon\" 08. \"Liquor Store Blues\" (featuring Damian Marley) 09. \"Count on Me\" 10. \"The Other Side\" (featuring Cee Lo Green & B.o.B) 11. \"Somewhere In Brooklyn\" Far East Movement – Free Wired 01. \"Girls On The Dancefloor\" (featuring the Stereotypes) (produced with the Stereotypes) 03. \"Rocketeer\" (featuring Ryan Tedder) (produced with the Stereotypes) 04. \"If I Was You (OMG)\" (featuring Snoop Dogg) (produced with the Stereotypes) Cee Lo Green – The Lady Killer 03. \"Fuck You\" Flo Rida – Only One Flo (Part 1) 04. \"Who Dat Girl\" (featuring Akon) (produced by Dr. Luke & Benny Blanco) Alexandra Burke – Overcome 05. \"Perfect\" 2011 Bad Meets Evil – Hell: The Sequel 07. Lighters (featuring Bruno Mars) (produced with Eminem and Battle Roy) Lil Wayne – Tha Carter IV 07. Mirror (featuring Bruno Mars) (produced with Ramon \"REO\" Owen of The Soundkillers) Bruno Mars – The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 1 (soundtrack) 03. It Will Rain Snoop Dogg & Wiz Khalifa – Mac & Devin Go to High School (soundtrack) 07. Young, Wild & Free (featuring Bruno Mars) Charice – Infinity 07. Before It Explodes 2012 Adam Lambert – Trespassing 04. \"Never Close Our Eyes\" The Very Best – MTMTMK 12. \"We OK\" (featuring K'naan) Nina Sky – Nicole and Natalie 01. \"Starting Today\" Neon Hitch – Non-album single 00.", "title": "The Smeezingtons production discography" }, { "docid": "28770669", "text": "\"Liquor Store Blues\" is a song by American singer-songwriter Bruno Mars from his debut studio album Doo-Wops & Hooligans (2010), featuring Jamaican artist Damian Marley. It was released as the first promotional single from the record, on September 21, 2010, by Elektra Records. \"Liquor Store Blues\" is a reggae track with dub influences written by Mars, Phillip Lawrence, Ari Levine, Dwayne Chin-Quee, Mitchum Chin, Marley and Thomas Pentz. It was produced by the former three, under their alias, the Smeezingtons and Chin-Quee. Lyrically, the song addresses a way of avoiding problems by drinking hoping everything will be fine. \"Liquor Store Blues\" received positive reviews from music critics, who praised Marley's appearance. The song peaked at number 97 on the Canadian Hot 100, number 20 on the Latin Pop Songs and was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). The music video, directed by Jake Summer, features Mars and Marley singing together with a colorful background and \"acid-trip\" visual effects. It was nominated for International Video of the Year at the Danish GAFFA Awards. Mars performed \"Liquor Store Blues\" on The Doo-Wops & Hooligans Tour (2010–2012) and the Hooligans in Wondaland Tour (2011). Background and release In an interview with Sound on Sound, Ari Levine said that the team, the Smeezingtons, never met Supa Dups personally and that \"Liquor Store Blues\" was finished by exchanging files of the song. The latter producer helped finishing the track by providing a dub sound, something the three of them \"could just not nail it\". During an interview granted to Vibe, Bruno Mars said that he never met Damian Marley, since the latter did \"his part\" after a show in Washington. Nevertheless, the singer explained how Marley was guested in the song: On September 21, 2010, the song was released as the first promotional single as an iTunes Store-exclusive prior to Doo-Wops & Hooligans album release in October 2010, under Elektra Records. In the countries outside the United States, such as Germany, it was released under Warner Entertainment Group. Composition and production \"Liquor Store Blues\" is a reggae song with a \"melodious boom-box midtempo\". It is heavily influenced by dub music and borrowes \"heavily from roots reggae\". It has been compared to Travie McCoy and Mars's previous song \"Billionaire\" and the music of Sublime, Michael Jackson and Bedouin Soundclash. According to the digital sheet music the song was composed in common time and in the key of C♯ minor with a tempo of 144 beats per minute. Mars's and Marley's vocals range spans from the low note of G3 to the high note of C6. The song's lyrics describe feelings of \"pain\" and \"sorrow\", using alcohol as a method to flee \"bad fortune in an odd foreshadowing of events\". In the end, hope is found by \"getting messed up today\" since on the following day everything will be fine. Tyrone S. Reid from the Seattle Post-Intelligencer said that the record explores addiction \"wonderfully, if humorously\" through the lyrics \"I take one shot", "title": "Liquor Store Blues" }, { "docid": "32140505", "text": "The Doo-Wops & Hooligans Tour was the first headlining concert tour by American singer and songwriter Bruno Mars. Launched in support of his 2010 debut studio album Doo-Wops & Hooligans, the tour was announced in October 2010 and included dates in North America, Europe, Asia, Oceania, the Caribbean and South America. The tour began in the United States on November 16, 2010, before moving on to Europe and Oceania. In mid-April 2011, Mars joined Janelle Monáe for a co-headline tour of North America dubbed Hooligans in Wondaland. This tour ended in mid-June and the Doo-Wops & Hooligans tour resumed, alternating between North America and Europe over the next seven months. The tour ended in Brazil in January 2012. The tour set list featured most of the songs from the Doo-Wops & Hooligans album, as well as two covers of songs by other artists on which Mars had been a featured vocalist, B.o.B's \"Nothin' on You\" and Travie McCoy's \"Billionaire\". It also typically featured four or more covers of older tracks, which differed from one concert to another. Among these were Barrett Strong's \"Money (That's What I Want)\", The White Stripes' \"Seven Nation Army\", Aaliyah's \"Rock the Boat\" and two Michael Jackson songs. On one of the tour's European legs, a song recently penned by Mars, \"It Will Rain\", was also performed, featuring guest artist Skylar Grey. Mars's personal performances on the tour received high praise from some critics, who commended him for his professionalism, showmanship and singing, with several comparing his stage presence to that of Prince and/or Jackson. Critics were more divided on the overall impact of the show, with some very enthusiastic, while others were critical of some of the material or arrangements. The tour was nominated for a Pollstar award. Background and development On September 9, 2010, it was announced that Bruno Mars would promote his 2010 debut album Doo-Wops & Hooligans as the opening act for Maroon 5 and OneRepublic, on the fall leg of the Palm Trees & Power Lines Tour in North America. Afterwards, Mars joined Travie McCoy to co-headline a European tour, which ran from October 18 to November 3, 2010. Mars performed the first dates of his headline concerts, The Doo-Wops & Hooligans Tour, in the United States from November 16 to November 30. On November 11, tickets for additional dates for the North America leg of the tour went on sale. Dates for Europe and Oceania were announced in January 2011. The initial setlist included seven songs from the Doo-Wops & Hooligans album, plus an unreleased track and three covers. In February 2011, a co-headlining tour between Mars and Janelle Monáe was announced, dubbed the Hooligans in Wondaland Tour. This tour was completed in North America in May and June 2011, after which the Doo-Wops and Hooligans tour resumed in July. Concert summary American rapper Donnis opened for the first leg of the North American tour. Alex Hepburn appeared at some of the European shows, while hip-hop duo Diafrix supported Mars", "title": "The Doo-Wops & Hooligans Tour" }, { "docid": "23489665", "text": "\"Get Sexy\" is a song by British girl group Sugababes, taken from their seventh studio album, Sweet 7 (2010). It was written by Fred Fairbrass, Richard Fairbrass, Rob Manzoli, Philip Lawrence, Ari Levine, Bruno Mars and produced by the latter three under their stage name The Smeezingtons. The song was released on 30 August 2009 as the album's lead single. Musically, \"Get Sexy\" is an uptempo electropop song with influences of dance, techno and R&B. The song features an interpolation of Right Said Fred's \"I'm Too Sexy\". It is the last single to feature founding member Keisha Buchanan. \"Get Sexy\" received mixed reviews from contemporary music critics; some reviewers criticised its lack of originality, while others praised its production and lyrics. The song peaked at number two on the UK Singles Chart and number three on the Irish Singles Chart. It also charted on the singles charts in Australia, Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Germany, Slovakia and Sweden. The song's accompanying music video was directed by Emil Nava and features the group's members in a house of mirrors, a bird cage and a room covered in graffiti. Background and release In April 2009, Sugababes travelled to the United States to work on their seventh studio album, Sweet 7. They signed a contract with Jay Z's record label, Roc Nation, resulting in working with high-profile producers . \"Get Sexy\", which was selected as the album's lead single, was written by Fred Fairbrass, Richard Fairbrass, Rob Manzoli, Philip Lawrence, Ari Levine, Bruno Mars and produced by the latter three under their stage name The Smeezingtons. Working with The Smeezingtons was described by group member Amelle Berrabah as an \"amazing\" and \"great opportunity\". Berrabah also stated in an interview with Bang Showbiz that the song \"doesn't sound like anything we have ever done before\". The song premiered on BBC Radio 1 on 7 July 2009 in a show presented by Scott Mills. In an interview for Digital Spy, Keisha Buchanan said that the response to the song was great, saying: \"From the beginning there's been a real buzz about the track. It's had a great response from so many people, even if they say, 'Forget about the rest of them, this one I love'.\" However, later in September 2013 Buchanan said of the song, \"I just didn't feel like that was a representation of who we were as a band but we didn't, at that point, have a lot of say.\" She did say that she enjoyed working with Mars and would like to collaborate on a new song with him and founding Sugababes members Mutya Buena and Siobhán Donaghy. \"Get Sexy\" was digitally released on 30 August 2009, while the CD single was made available the following day. Between the release of \"Get Sexy\" and \"About a Girl\", Buchanan left the group. As a result, \"Get Sexy\" was re-recorded along with a number of other tracks to feature the vocals of new member Jade Ewen in place of Buchanan for the release", "title": "Get Sexy" }, { "docid": "45267196", "text": "The Super Bowl 50 halftime show took place on February 7, 2016, at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara as part of Super Bowl 50. It was headlined by the British rock band Coldplay, who called Beyoncé, Gustavo Dudamel, Bruno Mars, Mark Ronson, the University of California Marching Band and the Youth Orchestra Los Angeles as guest performers. The show attracted over 115.5 million viewers, making it the most watched halftime set in history by a group. Moreover, the band placed all of their studio albums inside the Billboard 200 chart after the concert, while Beyoncé became subject of controversy for performing \"Formation\", since she had aligned herself with the Black Lives Matter movement. Conservatives likewise accused Coldplay of promoting a \"gay agenda\". Despite its mixed reception from music critics on contemporary reviews, the show has been since ranked among the best in Super Bowl history by The Athletic, Parade, Rolling Stone and The Telegraph. Background Coldplay, Rihanna, and Katy Perry were considered as potential acts for the Super Bowl XLIX halftime show in 2015. Perry was soon confirmed as the headliner of the halftime show in November 2014. In summer 2015, many acts were being rumored as potential headliners for the 2016 halftime show including Taylor Swift, Britney Spears and One Direction. In September 2015, it was reported that Bruno Mars was set to curate the Super Bowl 50 halftime show, but the next month in October, It was reported that Maroon 5 was in talks to headline, but the band said they haven't had any conversations with the NFL about headlining, but were open to it. Maroon 5 would eventually headline Super Bowl LIII's halftime show. In late November 2015, reports surfaced stating that multiple acts would perform during the halftime show. Coldplay was confirmed as the lead halftime performer for Super Bowl 50 on December 3, 2015, one day before the release of their seventh studio album A Head Full of Dreams. It was later confirmed that Beyoncé and Bruno Mars would join Coldplay as special guests. When Chris Martin originally called Mars to ask him to perform with Coldplay, Mars was wary of a multi-artist performance. The singer of Coldplay then invited Mars to his studio in Malibu where he was working. There, Martin revealed to Mars that he wanted for him to perform \"Uptown Funk\" with Beyoncé. Despite this, Mars remained skeptical and asked Martin to talk to Beyoncé to determine how she felt about the idea. Martin immediately texted a video of himself with Mars to Beyoncé, in which he asked her in the form of a song if she would come do the Super Bowl with both of them, to which she happily agreed. One day before the performance, Mars and Beyoncé were \"watching playback backstage\" while Beyoncé ate a bag of Cheetos. Mars asked her, \"That's what you're doing?\" to which she replied, \"There's nothing more we can do these last two days. It's gonna be what it's gonna be. So I'm gonna", "title": "Super Bowl 50 halftime show" }, { "docid": "54907865", "text": "Craig Bernard is a Canadian film director and executive producer. He is best known for his music videos for musical groups such as Disturbed, Stone Sour, Avicii, Bruno Mars, and Grouplove, along with his work in the VR space. In 2003, Bernard received two separate nominations for The Juno Award’s Video of The Year, for his videos for David Usher’s “Black Black Heart” and Danko Jones’ “Lovercall”. Career Bernard studied English at the University of Toronto, then worked as a concert photographer in Vancouver. After becoming involved with production and writing treatments for several productions, he directed his first music video in 2001 for the Canadian band Jersey. In 2003, Bernard received two separate nominations for The Juno Award’s Video of The Year, for his videos for David Usher’s “Black Black Heart” and Danko Jones’ “Lovercall”. Most recently, Bernard directed the music video for Disturbed’s “The Light”. Bernard later transitioned from VFX-heavy music videos to the VR space first became involved with VR content through his work as an Executive Producer on the project Dark Ride, a 360 branded content created for Lexus. He subsequently began working with the production company SAMO VR, producing the 2016 Eden VR music video “Drugs”. In 2017, Bernard became the Executive Producer at Fever Content, a Los Angeles-based Immersive Entertainment company, however, in a 2019 interview he revealed that he had stepped down from his role in the company to focus on other projects. Filmography Director Korn \"Worst Is On Its Way\" (2022) High Holy Days \"All My Real Friends\" (2004) Dank Jones \"I Want You\" (2003) Theory of a Deadman \"Point to Prove\" (2003) Treble Charger (2002) Jersey \"Saturday Night\" (2001) David Usher \"Black Black Heart\" (2001) Dank Jones \"Lovercall\" (2001) Executive producer Eden \"Drugs\" (2016) Wolf Alice \"You're A Germ\" (2015) Kaskade \"Never Sleep Alone\" (2015) Grouplove \"I'm With You\" (2014) Chromeo \"Come Alive\" (2014) Avicii \"Hey Brother\" (2013) Grouplove \"Ways to Go\" (2013) Colbie Caillat \"Hold On\" (2013) Grouplove \"Shark Attack\" (2013) Bruno Mars \"Locked Out of Heaven\" (2012) Kerli \"The Lucky Ones\" (2012) Bruno Mars \"When I Was Your Man\" (2012) Twin Atlantic \"What is Light? Where is Laughter?\" (2011) Ceelo Green \"I want You\" (2011) Inna \"Club Rocker\" (2011) Awolnation \"Kill Your Heroes\" (2011) References External links Craig Bernard on IMVMDb American film producers Canadian film producers American music video directors American music video producers Canadian music video directors Living people Music video producers University of Toronto alumni Year of birth missing (living people)", "title": "Craig Bernard" }, { "docid": "612910", "text": "Vanness Wu (; born August 7, 1978) is a Taiwanese-American singer and actor. He was a member of the Taiwanese boyband F4 and the Korean Mandopop duo Kangta & Vanness. Early life Wu was born in Santa Monica, California. After graduating, he moved to Taiwan to pursue a career in entertainment. He learned to breakdance as a teenager and competed in numerous dance competitions throughout the '90s and featured in the 1998 breakdancing-themed music video for Jason Nevins' remix of Run-D.M.C.'s \"It's Like That\". Career Early career with F4 Wu starred as Mei Zuo (美作), one of the F4 members, in the Taiwanese drama series Meteor Garden and its sequel, Meteor Garden II. At the conclusion of the series, they continued to perform together and released three studio albums as the boy band F4. In 2002, Wu became the second F4 member, after Vic Chou, to release his debut solo album, Body Will Sing. The track, \"I Hate Myself\" is listed at number 95 on Hit Fm Taiwan's Hit Fm Annual Top 100 Singles Chart for 2002. The album was awarded as one of the \"Top 10 Selling Mandarin Albums of the Year\" at the 2002 IFPI Hong Kong Album Sales Awards, presented by the Hong Kong branch of IFPI. In 2003, he performed a Mandarin Chinese rap in a version Beyoncé's single \"Crazy in Love\", featured on the Asian special edition of her album Dangerously in Love. In 2004, Wu made his film debut in the Hong Kong film Star Runner and was nominated at the Hong Kong Film Awards for Best Newcomer. In 2006, he collaborated with Korean singer Kangta, forming Kangta & Vanness. The duo released the album Scandal. In 2008, Wu was announced as the opening act and special guest for Kanye West's \"Glow in the Dark\" concert in Shanghai. They performed the hit song “Good Life” Solo career success and acting career Wu has appeared in several Taiwanese dramas as well as motion pictures. In 2009, he starred as Ren Guang Xi in Autumn's Concerto, one of the highest-rated Taiwanese idol drama. He also released his first Japanese single \"Only\", which entered Top 10 of the Oricon Chart, as well as another single \"I Don't Wanna Lose You\". In 2010, Wu became the executive producer for the television series Year of the Rain. Wu's third Chinese solo album C'est La V was released July 2011 under Universal Music Taiwan. It features collaborations with international artistes such as Ryan Tedder from OneRepublic, as well as Bruno Mars and Justin Michael who wrote the track \"Knockin\". Besides directing, producing, acting, and singing, Wu is also the creator/designer of his own jewelry line 3.V.O.7. He is also the creative director of Reebok (greater China division). In 2012, Wu won the \"Best Crossover Singer\" at the 16th Chinese Global Music Charts. In 2013, Wu joined Jiangsu TV's diving variety show Stars in Danger: The High Dive, and won the silver medal. In January 2015, Wu was announced to be", "title": "Vanness Wu" }, { "docid": "11287977", "text": "John Wicks is an American pop/avant-garde/experimental musician, songwriter, film composer and adjunct college professor based in Missoula, Montana. Wicks is a co-founder of the band Fitz and the Tantrums and has co-written many of their songs. More Than Just a Dream, the group's 2013 album, included the hit songs \"The Walker\" and \"Out of My League\", which each climbed to No. 1 on Billboard's Alternative Songs chart. Fitz and the Tantrums, the band's self-titled studio album, features the hit song \"HandClap\". Wicks has also written for and appeared on Bruno Mars' album Doo-Wops & Hooligans and CeeLo Green's The Lady Killer and Heart Blanche albums. In addition, he has recorded and/or played live with such artists as B.o.B, George Clinton, David Byrne, Meshell Ndegeocello, Chocolate Genius, Money Mark, Teddybears (band), RZA, and Mose Allison, among others. As of Fall semester 2022, Wicks is an instructor at the University of Montana. He also composed the soundtrack to the TV show Under the Banner of Heaven with Pearl Jam bassist Jeff Ament and multi-instrumentalist Josh Klinghoffer. Up until Oct 16, 2022 Wicks continued to tour, compose and record with Fitz and the Tantrums, but left the band after 13+ years to focus on his family, his job at the University of Montana and to \"get away from the constant influence of the music business so I can reinvent and upgrade my drumming.\" Before exiting the band he wrote songs and recorded drums for Let Yourself Free (2022). he is consistently working with Jeff Ament of Pearl Jam, as a duo group called Deaf Charlie. In addition, Wicks is exploring new artistic territories with musical endeavors: Flüffy Bünny blends punk, metal, and humor with bassist Jesse Phillips of St. Paul and The Broken Bones; Punisher is an avant-garde trio featuring saxophonist Loren Stillman and trombonist Sean Stineford; and Chill Monkey Chill showcases his improvisational skills with a minimalist drum kit and sampler, putting his own spin on Deantoni Parks' Technoself concept. . Recordings Fitz and the Tantrums \"Let Yourself Free\" (Elektra Records) 2022 Fitz and the Tantrums \"All the Feels\" (Elektra Records) 2019 Fitz and the Tantrums \"Fitz and the Tantrums\" (Elektra Records) 2016 Fitz and the Tantrums \"More Than Just a Dream\" (Elektra Records) 2013 Bruno Mars Doo-Wops & Hooligans (Elektra Records) 2010 co-wrote and played on \"The Other Side\" Fitz and the Tantrums \"Pickin' Up the Pieces\" (Dangerbird Records) 2010 Bruno Mars with Cee Lo & B.o.B It's Better If You Don't Understand EP (Elektra Records) 2010 Cee Lo Green \"Heart Blanche\" (Elektra Records) 2015 Chocolate Genius Swan Songs 2010 Cee Lo Green \"Lady Killer\" (Elektra Records) 2010 Peter Adams Spotlight Floodlight 2010 Skerik's Syncopated Taint Septet Live at The Triple Door (Royal Potato Family) 2010 Soundtrack to Holy Rollers First Independent Pictures 2010 Soundtrack to Adventures of Power 2010 Heather Porcaro The Heartstring Symphony produced by Tony Berg 2009 Henry Gummer \"Stop the Train\" on the soundtrack to Julie & Julia (Columbia Pictures) 2009 N.A.S.A. (ANTI-/Epitaph/Spectrophonic Sound) 2008 with RZA,", "title": "John Wicks (drummer)" }, { "docid": "59604704", "text": "Charles Moniz is a Canadian recording engineer who worked on Bruno Mars's studio albums Unorthodox Jukebox and 24K Magic. Alternatively, he recorded \"All I Ask\" for Adele's 2015 studio album 25. For his recordings with Mars and Adele, Moniz has won multiple Grammy Awards. Out of his six Grammys, Moniz is a three-time winner of the Grammy Award for Record of the Year and two-time winner of the Grammy Award for Album of the Year. He has also received the Grammy Award for Best Engineered Album, Non-Classical. Outside of engineering, Moniz played for the Canadian hardcore band Grade and was the bass guitarist for Avril Lavigne from 2002 to 2007. Early life Moniz grew up in Burlington, Ontario and began to play the drums when he was nine years old. Career Moniz began his music career with the Canadian hardcore band Grade and remained with them until 2001. From 2002 to 2007, Moniz was the bass guitarist for Avril Lavigne. In 2010, he continued playing bass guitar for Bruno Mars before becoming Mars's audio engineer. As an engineer, Moniz first worked on Mars's 2012 studio album Unorthodox Jukebox and contributed to \"Locked Out of Heaven\". In 2015, he recorded the Adele song \"All I Ask\" for her album 25 and recorded Ronson and Mars' song \"Uptown Funk\". His latest work with Mars was on his 2016 studio album 24K Magic. In 2021, he worked with Mars and Anderson .Paak on their debut studio album, as Silk Sonic, An Evening with Silk Sonic. Awards During the 58th Annual Grammy Awards held in 2016, Moniz won the Grammy Award for Record of the Year for \"Uptown Funk\". The following year, Moniz received the Grammy Award for Album of the Year in 2017 for 25 at the 59th Annual Grammy Awards. In 2018, Moniz received the Record and Album of the Year awards for 24K Magic. Moniz additionally received the Grammy Award for Best Engineered Album, Non-Classical for the Bruno Mars album during the 60th Annual Grammy Awards. In 2022, Moniz won Record of the Year for \"Leave the Door Open\" at the 64th Annual Grammy Awards. References Living people Canadian audio engineers Canadian bass guitarists Canadian drummers Grammy Award winners Musicians from Ontario People from Burlington, Ontario Year of birth missing (living people)", "title": "Charles Moniz" }, { "docid": "31288427", "text": "\"If I Was You (OMG)\" is a song by Asian-American hip hop group Far East Movement. The song features rapper Snoop Dogg and was produced by the Stereotypes and The Smeezingtons. The original recording appears on the album Free Wired with a total run time of 3:25. It peaked at number 18 on the New Zealand Singles Chart. An official remix was made by Far East Movement and Snoop Dogg called \"On Campus Remix\". Music video The music video for the song premiered on Vevo and YouTube on March 16, 2011. You can also see Natalia Kills, and Dominican model Rosa Acosta as Snoop Dogg's love interest. Track listing If I Was You (OMG) EP \"If I Was You (OMG)\" (Club Remix] (feat. Snoop Dogg) – 3:28 \"So What?\" (Reflip Live at the Cherrytree House) – 4:37 \"Don’t Look Now\" (Fantastadon Remix) (feat. Keri Hilson) – 4:03 Credits and personnel Lead vocals – Far East Movement & Snoop Dogg Producers – Stereotypes, The Smeezingtons Lyrics – Bruno Mars, Calvin Broadus, Jonathan Yip, Jeremy Reeves, Ray Romulus, James Roh, Kevin Nishimura, Virman Coquia, Jae Choung Label: Interscope Records Charts References 2011 singles Far East Movement songs Snoop Dogg songs Songs written by Snoop Dogg Songs written by Bruno Mars Song recordings produced by the Smeezingtons Song recordings produced by the Stereotypes Songs written by Jonathan Yip Songs written by Ray Romulus Songs written by Jeremy Reeves 2010 songs", "title": "If I Was You (OMG)" }, { "docid": "33179322", "text": "\"It Will Rain\" is a song by American singer and songwriter Bruno Mars. It was released on September 27, 2011 by Atlantic Records as the lead single from the movie's soundtrack The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 1. Mars composed the song with his production team the Smeezingtons. It was partially written during the Hooligans in Wondaland Tour in the United States and finished after the singer watched an early version of the movie which inspired him. The soundtrack for The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 1 was a much expected release and Mars's song was chosen as the lead single by the album's executive producer, Alexandra Patsavas, to promote it. Musically, \"It Will Rain\" is a pop and pop-soul ballad. Its lyrics tell the agony and torment of a heartbreak and its various stages. The song received mixed feedback from music critics who praised the vocals, but criticized the over-dramatization of the song. It drew comparisons to Mars's \"Grenade\" (2010) and \"Wild Horses\" (1971) by The Rolling Stones. It was commercially successful reaching the top of the charts in the Mainstream Top 40 of the United States, South Korea International Singles and Venezuela Pop/Rock General, number two in New Zealand and top-five in many markets. It reached number three on the Billboard Hot 100 and number five on the Canadian Hot 100. It was certified five times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and three times platinum by Music Canada (MC). It also received a two times platinum certification by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA). The music video, directed by Phil Pinto and Mars, prominently features the singer going through different emotions such as love and anger with his lover as they struggle through a break-up. The video is interpolated with footage from the film Breaking Dawn: Part 1, the fourth movie in the Twilight saga. Mars has performed the song on The Ellen DeGeneres Show and on The X Factor USA. He also promoted it during The Doo-Wops & Hooligans Tour (2010–12), The Moonshine Jungle Tour (2013–14) interpolated with \"If I Knew\" (2012), and during the 24K Magic World Tour (2017–18) interpolated with B.o.B and Mars's \"Nothin' On You\" (2009). It has been covered by some artists, including Austin Mahone, Pia Mia and Boyce Avenue on The Voice. Background Bruno Mars started writing the song while he was on the Hooligans in Wondaland Tour, \"I was just writing to write. I had my guitar with me on tour when I was in the States. I never finished it\", he explained. Afterwards he got a call to provide something to the soundtrack, the singer saw some scenes of \"Breaking Dawn\" and thought to himself \"that song I started might be perfect for this\". He admitted to have the tune halfway done before visualizing an early cut of the film and, inspired by its characters, put together the finishing touches. In an interview with Billboard, he went on detail \"I just had this melody", "title": "It Will Rain" }, { "docid": "38013345", "text": "The Billboard Hot 100 is a chart that ranks the best-performing singles of the United States. Its data, published by Billboard magazine and compiled by Nielsen SoundScan, is based collectively on each single's weekly physical and digital sales, as well as airplay and streaming. In 2013, a total of 11 singles claimed the top spot in 52 issues of the magazine. One of which, \"Locked Out of Heaven\" by singer Bruno Mars started its peak position in late 2012. Throughout 2013, eight acts achieved their first US number-one single, either as a lead artist or a featured guest: Macklemore & Ryan Lewis, Wanz, Baauer, Ray Dalton, Robin Thicke, Miley Cyrus and Lorde. Nate Ruess, already having hit number one with Fun, earns his first number one song as a solo act. Five collaboration singles topped the chart. Macklemore & Ryan Lewis' debut single \"Thrift Shop\" featuring Wanz became the best-performing single of 2013, peaking atop the chart for six weeks, also topping the Billboard Year-End Hot 100. The duo's second hit \"Can't Hold Us\" also reached the chart's top spot, making the duo the first act to score number-one singles on the Hot 100 with their first two charting songs since Lady Gaga with her hits \"Just Dance\" and \"Poker Face\" in 2009. Baauer scored his first number-one hit with \"Harlem Shake\". Originally, it was released commercially in June 2012, yet it did not sell significantly until February due to viral videos on YouTube and later created a meme with the same name. Macklemore & Ryan Lewis were the only act to have more than one number one song, with two. \"When I Was Your Man\" was Bruno Mars' fifth single to top the chart. With the achievement, Mars became the fastest male artist to gain five number-one singles since Elvis Presley. It was also the second hit only featuring piano and vocals to peak atop the Hot 100 chart since Adele's \"Someone like You\" (2011). Singer Lorde's song \"Royals\" made her the youngest solo artist to achieve a number-one single in the US since Tiffany's \"I Think We're Alone Now\" (1988). \"The Monster\" by Eminem featuring Rihanna became the former's fifth number-one single in the country, tying him with P. Diddy and Ludacris as the rappers with the most number-one songs on the chart. Meanwhile, it also made Rihanna the artist with the third-most US number-one singles (13), alongside Michael Jackson. \"Blurred Lines\" by Robin Thicke featuring T.I. and Pharrell was the longest-running single of the year at the top spot, peaking at number one for twelve consecutive weeks. With the combined chart run throughout June, July and August, \"Blurred Lines\" became Billboards Song of the Summer 2013. Lorde's \"Royals\" became the second longest-running number-one single, claiming the top spot for a total of nine weeks. \"Locked Out of Heaven\" by Bruno Mars and \"Thrift Shop\" by Macklemore & Ryan Lewis featuring Wanz both spent six weeks atop the Hot 100. Chart history Number-one artists See also 2013 in", "title": "List of Billboard Hot 100 number ones of 2013" }, { "docid": "62835171", "text": "\"Forever Valentine\" is a song by American R&B singer Charlie Wilson, released on January 17, 2020. The song was produced by Bruno Mars, the Stereotypes and D'Mile. They also co-wrote the song along with Charlie Wilson, Micah Powell and Seth Reger. The background vocals feature Mars, Wilson and James Fauntleroy, along with others. Background On July 27, 2018, Wilson stated that he and Mars were working on a collaboration. Wilson said that he was having fun with the song, the result of his and Mars' \"creative combustion\". They started talking about the song's vibe and recorded a chorus for it, but they didn't met each other for some time afterwards due to their busy schedules. Nevertheless, after Wilson performed on selected dates of Mars' third worldwide tour, the 24K Magic World Tour, they would \"sing every day at lunch time as we further hashed out the song\". It was released on Urban AC on January 17, 2020. On January 23, 2020, it was sent to AC, Hot AC, Top 40 and Urban radio stations. Credits and personnel Personnel Charlie Wilson – songwriting Bruno Mars – producer, songwriting, background vocals The Stereotypes – producer, songwriting, programmer D'Mile – producer, songwriting, bass, strings, background vocals Micah Powell – songwriting, background vocals Seth Reger – songwriting Bianca Atterberry – background vocals Destiny Rogers – background vocals James Fauntleroy – background vocals Jonathan Yip – background vocals, keyboards Jeremy Reeves – percussion Ray McCullough II – horn Ray Romulus – drums Stevo Evans – additional keyboards, programmer Dave Forman – guitar Charles Moniz – guitar, engineer Ronald Estrada – engineer Gene Grimaldi – engineer Kevin Davis – engineer Credits: Charts References 2020 singles 2020 songs Charlie Wilson (singer) songs Songs written by Bruno Mars Songs written by Jonathan Yip Songs written by Ray Romulus Songs written by Jeremy Reeves Songs written by Charlie Wilson (singer) Song recordings produced by the Stereotypes", "title": "Forever Valentine (song)" }, { "docid": "30789235", "text": "\"I Do\" is a song recorded by American recording artist Colbie Caillat. It was written by Caillat and Toby Gad, and produced by Greg Wells. The song was released as the first single from her third studio album All of You (2011). The song was released to iTunes and radios on February 7, 2011 through Universal Republic. Musically, the song is an upbeat \"sunny-day\" pop song, and the lyrics speak about taking relationships further, like marriage. \"I Do\" debuted at number 38 on the Billboard Adult Pop Songs chart. It later debuted at number 23 on the Billboard Hot 100. According to Nielsen Soundscan, it has sold about 154,000 copies in the US. The music video for \"I Do\" premiered on March 11, 2011. Composition \"I Do\" was released on February 7, 2011 as the lead single from her upcoming third studio album All of You. It was written by Caillat and Toby Gad, and produced by Greg Wells. The song is an upbeat folk pop song with acoustic influences, whose lyrics, according to Caillat, speak about marriage. Brian Voerding of AOL Radio noted that the background vocals are weaved across the auxiliary percussion beats, and Caillat sings the lines with brief pauses. John Hill of About.com wrote that \"I Do\" maintains the sound of Caillat's previous works, and includes an acoustic arrangement, with shuffling beats. He also commented that the song deals with the protagonist wanting to spend the rest of her life with the one she loves. The song also uses ukulele as an instrument, which Hill thought fitted \"perfectly and adds an additional layer of fun to an already upbeat song.\" Reception Brian Voerding wrote that \"Caillat develops a smart and uncomplicated sound in the upbeat, sunny-day song.\" Amy Sciarretto of Artistdirect wrote that the song was \"easy, breezy,\" and boasts a \"massive hook\" that would \"embed itself in to [your] brain.\" John Hill wrote that Caillat has a \"winner hands down\" with \"I Do\". Jason Lipshutz of Billboard called the song \"breezy\". Mikael Wood wrote for Los Angeles Times that \"When Caillat and her partners are at their best on “All of You” — as in the limpid “I Do,” one of several songs that the singer says documents her ongoing relationship with her guitarist — you buy the hocus-pocus without regret.\" Bill Lamb from About.com says that: \"Beyond the irresistible, almost delirious love expressed in the finger-snapping hit single \"I Do,\" nearly all the songs here could stand on their own as a hit single. Music video The video premiered on March 11, 2011 and follows the song’s spirit as the singer lounges around her house while declaring her love. Ethan Lader directed the song's music video - he has also worked on several of Bruno Mars' promos. Caillat told PopEater about the clip: \"The video is me waking up in bed and singing the song. I'm thinking about that guy and then I'm going and doing stuff around the house, and everything in my", "title": "I Do (Colbie Caillat song)" } ]	[ { "docid": "2795514", "text": "Bruno Schleinstein (2 June 1932 – 11 August 2010), often credited as Bruno S., was a German film actor, artist, and musician. He is known internationally for his roles in two films directed by Werner Herzog, The Enigma of Kaspar Hauser (1974) and Stroszek (1976). Life Schleinstein was often beaten as a child, and spent much of his youth in mental institutions. He was a largely self-taught musician, who over the years developed considerable skill on the piano, accordion, glockenspiel and handbells. He was known for playing in back gardens performing 18th- and 19th-century-style ballads at the weekends, while sustaining himself financially working as a forklift driver at a car plant. Schleinstein said he transmitted () his songs, rather than singing them. Schleinstein was featured in a documentary, Bruno der Schwarze – Es blies ein Jäger wohl in sein Horn (1970). When Werner Herzog saw the film, he promptly cast Schleinstein (under the name Bruno S.) as his lead actor in The Enigma of Kaspar Hauser (1974), though he had no acting experience, and the historical figure he portrayed was only in his teens. Richard Eder wrote in his review of the film, \"None of it would work without a believable figure in the role. ... It is an extraordinary fit. Bruno, with his strength and vulnerability, with his head tilted back and his eyes opened wide as if to receive every signal coming in, with his gift for the unexpected gesture, not only inhabits the role but seems to have fathered it.\" Schleinstein subsequently starred in Stroszek (1977), which Herzog wrote especially for him. Stroszek has a number of biographical details from Schleinstein's life, including the use of his own flat as the home of Bruno Stroszek. He also played his own instruments. Herzog has claimed that Schleinstein was deeply suspicious of the director, and nervous of performing in front of the cameras — so had to be \"listened to\" for several hours on set in order to build his self-esteem. Schleinstein enjoyed his brief period of fame in Berlin following the release of these films, but said later that \"Everybody threw him away.\" Instead, he took up painting and music. Schleinstein appeared in Jan Ralske's short documentary film Vergangen, vergessen, vorüber (lit. Long-lost and Lay Me Down, 1993), which is a film about Berlin made a few years after the fall of the Berlin Wall separating the eastern and western parts of the city. Much later, Ralske also made a short documentary about Schleinstein and his art, called Seeing Things (2009). Some of his artwork was shown at the 2004 Outsider Art Fair in New York City. Schleinstein was mentioned in Elliott Smith's album Figure 8 released in 2000. A fan of Herzog and Schleinstein, Smith said in an interview with Revolver \"How come we have no Bruno S. [in America]? How come he can be a film star in Europe, but over here everybody has to look like they were computer generated?\" He was the subject of", "title": "Bruno S." }, { "docid": "15117778", "text": "Desperate Characters is a 1971 American drama film produced, written, and directed by Frank D. Gilroy, who based his screenplay on the 1970 novel of the same name by Paula Fox. Plot Sophie and Otto Bentwood are a middle-aged, middle class, childless couple trapped in a loveless marriage. He is an attorney, and she is a translator of books. Their existence is affected not only by their disintegrating relationship but by the threats of urban crime and vandalism that surround them everywhere they turn, leaving them feeling paranoid, scared, and desperately helpless. The film details their fragile emotional and psychological states as they interact with each other and their friends. Cast Shirley MacLaine as Sophie Bentwood Kenneth Mars as Otto Bentwood Sada Thompson as Claire Jack Somack as Leon Gerald S. O'Loughlin as Charlie Chris Gampel as Mike Holstein Mary Alan Hokanson as Flo Holstein Robert Bauer as Young Man Carol Kane as Young Girl Michael Higgins as Francis Early Michael McAloney as Raconteur Wallace Rooney as Man on Subway Rose Gregorio as Ruth Elena Karam as Saleslady Nick Smith as The Caller Robert Delbert as Hospital Attendant Shauneille Perry as Woman Doctor Robert Bauer as Young Man Gonzalee Ford as Nurse Patrick McVey as Mr. Haynes L.J. Davis as Tom Production Fox said she was paid $35,000 for the film rights and that the movie cost $350,000. Frank Gilroy wrote the script and showed it to a friend, the writer John Gay, who showed it to Shirley MacLaine. She wanted to make the film but Gilroy was reluctant at first until he met her. \"Right away I could see that I had the wrong impression of her,\" said Gilroy. \"She's a full-blown woman, very bright, nothing like the featherbrained twits she used to play.\" Sir Lew Grade had signed Shirley MacLaine to make a TV series Shirley's World. She asked Grade to fund the film which she did for minimal payment and a share of the profits; Grade agreed. It was Grade's first feature film. The movie was filmed over six weeks starting in October 1970. It was entirely shot on location in New York. The movie was followed by another MacLaine film financed by Grade, The Possession of Joel Delaney. \"No body got any money on it,\" said MacLaine. \"I worked for $200 a week... I saw something of myself in that woman. The propensity for catatonia is in all of us. What she did was complain and then try and adjust. I'm sort of like that.\" Reception Grade says the budget was so low he managed to recoup his money. Fox said she liked Gilroy \"a lot\" but felt \"there was something about the movie, it didn’t work.\" in Particular she felt Kenneth Mars \"spoiled the whole movie, because he was too funny... The whole thing lacked a certain kind of inner gravity. And the part that was best in it was the Flynders part. But it wasn’t very good, it wasn’t successful.\" Critical reception Variety called", "title": "Desperate Characters (film)" }, { "docid": "2676414", "text": "Deepspace5 is an underground hip hop supergroup formed in 1997 and currently composed of Beat Rabbi, Manwell?, Freddie Bruno, Listener, Mars ILL (a stand-alone duo consisting of Manchild and DJ Dust), Playdough, Sintax.the.Terrific, Sivion, and Sev Statik. Deepspace5 also previously included Illtripp and The Recon. Since its formation, the collective has sold over 100,000 copies of its recordings, and has performed with KRS-One, Atmosphere, and MF Doom, among others. Career Deepspace5 first coalesced in 1997 at an annual Christian hip hop conference called Cru-vention. Listener, Sev Statik, Sintax.the.Terrific, Manchild and Recon all met with each other at the conference and recorded an EP. Shortly afterward, DJ Dust and Manchild were signed to the Tooth & Nail imprint Uprok Records as a duo project named Mars Ill, and they suggested that Uprok release a Deepspace5 project. Playdough and Freddie Bruno, who at the time recorded as a duo called Phonetic Composition, joined the group in 2000, after Playdough met with DJ Dust and Sintax in Atlanta. In the same year, the rapper Braille introduced Beat Rabbi to Manchild and DJ Dust, and Beat Rabbi was invited to join Deepspace5 a few months after Playdough and Freddie Bruno joined the project. During the recording sessions for Deepspace5's first studio album, The Night We Called It a Day, rapper Sivion joined the collective. The album was released in 2002 to a warm critical reception. A second album, Unique, Just Like Everyone Else, followed in 2005. At Scribble Jam 2008, Deepspace5 took 2nd place in the Music Video competition for \"From the Outside\", off The Future Ain't What It Used to Be (released later in 2010). Deepspace5 released Bakesale on April 29, 2008, exclusively on its website and SphereOfHipHop.com for CD or digital download, as a fund-raiser for its most recent album, entitled The Future Ain't What It Used to Be, which was released on Mega Royal Records on April 27, 2010. The group released \"5:55\" on October 20, 2017, exclusively on their new official webpage at BandCamp.com The 5-song EP was their first album in over seven years. Releases The Beginning, Is the Start of Everything (DeepSpace5 Records, 1997) The Night We Called It a Day (UpRok Records, 2002) Unique, Just Like Everyone Else (Gotee Records, 2005) Deepspacesoul w/ Beat Rabbi (ILLECT Recordings, 2008) Bakesale (Deepspace5 Records, 2008) Greatest Beats and Unreleased (Deepspace5 Records, 2008) The Blueprint 3 Outtakes (Deepspace5 Version), aka \"5Print mixtape\" (Independent release, 2009) The Future Ain't What It Used to Be (Mega Royal Records, 2010) 5:55 (BandCamp.com self-release, 2017) Notes External links (Currently at BandCamp.com) Hip hop supergroups Underground hip hop groups", "title": "Deepspace5" }, { "docid": "63420032", "text": "The Bastard Sword is a 2018 medieval fantasy adventure film written and directed by Eveshka Ghost. It stars Xander Phillips, Seth Easterbrook and Martyn Eade. The Bastard Sword had a modest theatrical opening and received mostly positive reviews. Plot A fighter named Tias is searching for a magical sword to help his friends widow from despair. However he is not the only one searching for it. A Thief named Mars desires the sword for less honourable means. Together they must form an unlikely alliance and seek the help from a mysterious hermit who is the only one who knows where it is. However the sword can only be claimed by one of them. Cast Xander Phillips as Tias, A \"farmboy\" turned fighter and main protagonist of the story. Martyn Eade as Mars, A thief and the main antagonist of the story. Seth Easterbrook as Ulysses , A mysterious hermit in the forest. Danielle Thorpe as Nyx, a pixie and friend of Ulysses. Chris Wilson as Viktor, Mars's right hand man and fellow Thief. James McClusky as Lars, one of Mars's men and the youngest of their pack. Gemma Comber as Liliya. Liliya is a mourning over the loss of her lover and is the reason Tias wants the power of the sword. Chris Comber as Nikolai, He is the love interest of Liliya and friend of Tias. Production Development Eveshka mentioned that during writing the script, The Bastard Sword was meant to be a drama that was set in a fantasy world; and was written purely to be doable film with limited means. The more drama that could be created, the less reliability there would be on special effects, armies and \"general wallet-busting elements\". Eveshka also mentions that the three main characters come from influence of point-and-click adventure games, most prominently Quest For Glory with each of the three classes Fighter, Thief and Magic User echoing that of Tias, Mars and Ulysses respectively. The Director of the film Eveshka Ghost wrote the script for The Bastard Sword, whilst finishing up on his previous film \"The Granary\". The tagline \"A Grande Adventure\" actually came from a joke between him and Phillips whilst filming some of the final scenes. Xander Recalls:\"We had just finished The Granary and Ghost and I were finishing off the “Knight scenes.” The two of us were taking some pictures of the knight costume whilst we still had the opportunity. Whilst Eveshka was lighting me up I took of my helmet and extended my arm like I was performing a dramatic Shakespearean play and I said in an old medieval accent \"Make me look like a grande warrior.\" Ghost started laughing and he said \"What The Hell Is a Grande Warrior?\" To which I responded \"I don't know but make me look like one.\" Ghost continued to chuckle whilst taking the photographs and he finally said \"Is it original? You didn't steal it from anywhere did you?\" \"I said no not at all It just came off the", "title": "The Bastard Sword" }, { "docid": "878503", "text": "The Waitresses were an American new wave band from Akron, Ohio, best known for their singles \"I Know What Boys Like\" and \"Christmas Wrapping.\" They released two albums, Wasn't Tomorrow Wonderful? and Bruiseology, and one EP, I Could Rule the World If I Could Only Get the Parts. The group was led by guitarist-songwriter Chris Butler with lead vocals performed by Patty Donahue. History The Waitresses were formed by Butler (formerly of the Numbers Band) in 1978 as a side project while he was still a member of Tin Huey. He wrote and recorded \"I Know What Boys Like\" that year, with guest vocals by friend Donahue (as \"Patty Darling\") and saxophone from Tin Huey member Ralph Carney, although the song remained unreleased at the time. A debut single, In \"Short Stack\" (featuring the songs \"Slide\" and \"Clones\"), recorded solely by Butler, was issued by Clone Records in 1978. Both tracks from the single, plus another early song, \"The Comb\", appeared that year on The Akron Compilation, issued by Stiff Records. Butler moved to New York City and shopped \"I Know What Boys Like\". The song landed him a deal with ZE Records (an affiliate of Antilles Records), who released the single in 1980. It was an underground hit, but did not chart. With the deal in place, Butler put together an actual band lineup for the Waitresses, featuring lead vocalist Donahue, jazz saxophonist Mars Williams, former Television drummer Billy Ficca, keyboardist Dan Klayman, bassist Dave Hofstra and backing vocalist Ariel Warner. The Waitresses played their debut concert on New Year's Eve 1980. 1981 saw the band record its first and most successful album and its most enduring hit. During the recording sessions for the album, Wasn't Tomorrow Wonderful?, Warner resigned from the band due to stage fright. Later that year, Hofstra quit. He was replaced by Tracy Wormworth, who would supply the bass line for \"Christmas Wrapping\", a Christmas song written by Butler in August at ZE's insistence. The Waitresses released Wasn't Tomorrow Wonderful? on January 11, 1982, on the Polydor label, licensed from ZE. It peaked at No. 41 in the Billboard 200 chart. The album included \"I Know What Boys Like\", which was re-released as a single later in the year and peaked at No. 62 on the Billboard Hot 100, No. 23 on Billboard'''s Top Tracks chart, No. 14 on the Australian Singles Chart (Kent Music Report), and also charted in the UK. \"Christmas Wrapping\", originally released on the ZE Records album A Christmas Record in 1981, became a No. 45 hit in the United Kingdom in 1982. The Waitresses recorded the theme song to the television program Square Pegs, starring Sarah Jessica Parker and Amy Linker, which aired during the 1982–1983 season, and the band appeared as themselves in the pilot episode. Polydor issued the song as a single in 1982, and included it (along with \"Christmas Wrapping\") on the 1982 EP I Could Rule the World If I Could Only Get the Parts. The", "title": "The Waitresses" }, { "docid": "21774708", "text": "Bruno Mussolini (22 April 1918 – 7 August 1941) was the son of Prime Minister of Italy Benito Mussolini and Mussolini's second wife Rachele, the nephew of Arnaldo Mussolini, and also the grandson of Alessandro Mussolini and Rosa Mussolini. He was an experienced pilot who died in a flying accident. Biography Bruno Mussolini was born in Milan in Lombardy. His father, Benito Mussolini, was the editor of the newspaper Il Popolo d'Italia (\"The People of Italy\") before Bruno's birth and, on 22 April 1918, was away for the day in Genoa. Mussolini indicated to his wife that he did not want her to give birth before his return. In his words: \"I don't want to be the last to be told again, as I was with Vittorio.\" That evening, the manager of the newspaper greeted Mussolini at the station with a broad grin and the words: \"It's a boy.\" Childhood In 1919, Bruno Mussolini caught diphtheria and his parents feared he would never recover. Soon after the doctors pronounced him out of danger, he suffered from a bronchial complaint. By this time, one-year-old Bruno's weight had dropped to about . As a young student, 9-year-old Bruno adeptly, if not correctly, answered a schoolteacher's question about grammar. An examiner is reported to have said: \"Now Bruno, tell me what person one cannot command.\" In response, Bruno tactfully responded: \"There are two persons one cannot command, the King and my father.\" At the age of 12, Bruno took after his father and tackled journalism. He and his older brother Vittorio published a weekly called La Penna del Ragazzi (\"The Boys' Pen\"). Bruno grew to like boxing, women, and cars. In 1935, at the age of 17, Bruno became Italy's youngest pilot. Marriage On 7 November 1938, Bruno married Gina Ruberti in Rome. His wife was the daughter of the head of the Ministry of Education's Contemporary Art Bureau. On 18 March 1940 in Rome, Bruno and his wife had their first child, a daughter, named Marina. Pilot In 1935, Bruno Mussolini joined the Royal Italian Air Force (Regia Aeronautica Italiana) and became a pilot. He flew for the Regia Aeronautica during the Second Italo-Ethiopian War. In September, before the Kingdom of Italy invaded the Ethiopian Empire, Air Sergeant Bruno Mussolini, 17, Air Second Lieutenant Vittorio Mussolini, 18, and Air Captain Count Nobile Galeazzo Ciano, 32, sailed from Naples to Africa aboard the MS Saturnia. Bruno later wrote newspaper articles describing his exploits in the war, saying that the Ethiopians were \"bursting open like a rose,\" and that \"after the bomb-racks were emptied I began throwing bombs by hand...it was most amusing.\" After Ethiopia, Bruno also participated in the Spanish Civil War and World War II. Unlike his brother Vittorio, Bruno was considered to be a serious pilot. In addition to participating in various conflicts, Bruno was involved in setting flight airspeed records in a 1938 flight to Brazil. Death On 7 August 1941, the 23-year-old Mussolini, commander of the 274a Squadriglia (274th", "title": "Bruno Mussolini" } ]	[ "Bruno Mars" ]
train_7075	who plays gaston in new beauty and the beast	[ { "docid": "37432264", "text": "\"Belle\" is a song written by lyricist Howard Ashman and composer Alan Menken for Disney's animated film Beauty and the Beast (1991). Recorded by American actors Paige O'Hara and Richard White, \"Belle\" is a mid-tempo classical music-inspired song that borrows elements from Broadway and musical theatre. It was the first song Ashman and Menken wrote for Beauty and the Beast, which they feared Disney would reject due to its length and complexity, but the Beauty and the Beast filmmakers ultimately enjoyed the song. The film's first song and opening number, \"Belle\" appears during Beauty and the Beast as a busy operetta-style musical number that introduces audiences to the film's heroine Belle (O'Hara) and her arrogant suitor, Gaston (White). In addition to describing Belle's goals and aspirations, the song reveals how the townsfolk feel about her and Gaston, positioning the former as an outcast due to her beauty and love of reading, and the latter as their hero despite his arrogance. Belle reprises the song later in the film after rejecting a marriage proposal from Gaston, declaring her deep longing for adventure. \"Belle\" has received positive reviews from film and music critics, who praised its effectiveness as an opening number and compared it to songs from the musical films West Side Story (1961) and The Sound of Music (1965). \"Belle\" was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song at the 64th Academy Awards in 1992, but lost to the film's title song. \"Belle\" was similarly featured in the stage adaptation of the film, originally performed by actress Susan Egan on Broadway. Actors Emma Watson and Luke Evans performed the song in the 2017 live-action remake of the film. Background and writing In an effort to replicate the unprecedented success of The Little Mermaid (1989), Disney decided to adapt the fairy tale \"Beauty and the Beast\" into a feature-length animated film. Although originally developed as an animated film without songs under the direction of Richard Purdum, Disney chairman Jeffrey Katzenberg was unsatisfied with the dark, somber direction of the film at the time, and ultimately ordered that it be re-written into a \"Broadway-style musical with a strong heroine\", similar to The Little Mermaid. Disney then hired The Little Mermaid's songwriters, lyricist Howard Ashman and composer Alan Menken, to write original songs for the revised film. The songwriting duo wrote \"Belle\". According to Menken, songs such as \"Belle\" developed naturally due to the fact that Beauty and the Beast had been written in the style of a traditional Broadway musical. Actress and singer Paige O'Hara, who voices Belle, said the songwriters wanted to eschew the pop songs of The Little Mermaid in favor of a more Jerome Kern and Rodgers and Hammerstein-inspired score for Beauty and the Beast. The film's songs were heavily inspired by French, classical, and traditional Broadway music. Additionally, Menken described \"Belle\" and the other Beauty and the Beast songs as \"tangents from 18th-century France\", with Ashman suggesting that the film's opening, which originally lacked songs, be transformed", "title": "Belle (Disney song)" }, { "docid": "40861499", "text": "Beauty and the Beast is a Disney media franchise comprising a film series and additional merchandise. The success of the original 1991 American animated feature, Beauty and the Beast, directed by Gary Trousdale and Kirk Wise, led to three direct-to-video follow-up films, a live-action spin-off television series, a Disney World stage show, a Disney World restaurant, a trackless dark ride, several video games, merchandise, and the 10th longest-running musical in Broadway history, which was nominated for nine Tony Awards, winning for Best Costume Design. In March 2017, Disney released a live-action remake of the film. Belle was also added to Disney Consumer Products' Disney Princess franchise, while Gaston, the Wolves, and Forte is part of the Disney Villains franchise. Titles Animated feature films Beauty and the Beast is the original film of the franchise. It was directed by Gary Trousdale and Kirk Wise. It was produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation, and released in 1991. Beauty and the Beast belongs to an era known as the Disney Renaissance. The plot of the film is based on the fairy tale Beauty and the Beast by Jeanne-Marie Le Prince de Beaumont. In 2002, Beauty and the Beast was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress for being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\". Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas is the first direct-to-video installment of the film series and served as a holiday special. It was directed by Andrew Knight, and released on November 11, 1997. The main plot film is set within the events of the first film, taking place after the fight with the wolves and before the ballroom dance, also including scenes at the beginning and the end with the characters after the events of the first film. Belle's Magical World is the second direct-to-video installment of the film series. It was directed by Cullen Blaine, Daniel de la Vega, Barbara Dourmashkin, Dale Kase, Bob Kline, Burt Medall, and Mitch Rochon. It was released on February 17, 1998, and is also set during the original film, taking place after Christmas, but before the fight against Gaston. Live-action feature films Belle's Tales of Friendship is a live-action/animated direct-to-video installment of the film series. It was directed by Jimbo Mitchell, and released on August 17, 1999. It is set during the original film, and was released in part to help promote Disney Channel's television series, Sing Me a Story with Belle. A live-action remake of Disney's 1991 animated feature film of the same name was released in March 2017, directed by Bill Condon. The film stars Emma Watson as Belle, Dan Stevens as the Beast, Luke Evans as Gaston, Ewan McGregor as Lumière, Ian McKellen as Cogsworth, Emma Thompson as Mrs. Potts, Kevin Kline as Maurice, and Josh Gad as LeFou. Television series Sing Me a Story with Belle Sing Me a Story with Belle was a live-action spin-off series created by Patrick Davidson and Melissa Gould. It featured Belle, who now owns and manages", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (franchise)" }, { "docid": "42895052", "text": "\"Gaston\" (from the character of Gaston) is a song from the 1991 Disney animated film Beauty and the Beast. A short reprise is performed later in the musical. It is sung by Jesse Corti and Richard White in their voice roles of LeFou and Gaston, respectively. The song also appears in the 2017 live-action remake, where it is again performed by the characters of LeFou and Gaston, this time played by Josh Gad and Luke Evans, respectively. Synopsis The musical number shows Gaston and the village people singing about how great he is, in an effort to cheer him up after Belle's rejection. Gaston's talent ranges from fighting, to spitting, to eating excessive quantities of eggs with no apparent negative health impacts, to interior decoration. Gaston, however, is portrayed as somewhat unintelligent, or at least as a relatively poor chess player. \"Gaston (Reprise)\"' sees Gaston hatch a plan with the help of Le Fou to send Maurice to an insane asylum in order to force Belle to marry him in order to stop him. Composition The Globe and Mail described the song as a \"Lerner and Loewe-flavoured drinking song\". Versions In the theatrical version, the section where Le Fou forgets how to spell Gaston's name was cut, but was retained in the soundtrack. It was reinstated in the 2017 live-action version, with Le Fou explaining that he is illiterate. The 2017 film includes lyric changes which Menken described as part of the original lyrics by Ashman that were cut from the animated film. Critical reception MDTheatreGuide deemed it \"one of the highlights of the show\". The Herald Sun noted the song \"delivers the punches of humorous lyrical accomplishment as well as memorable choreography\". In a review of the musical version, The Globe and Mail said it \"stops the show midway through Act 1\". ColumbiaUnderground called it \"the second best song and dance number of the musical\". SputnikMusic wrote \"Ever one to recognize a true gem, Disney then decided to employ White and Corti for the subsequent song \"Gaston\" and its reprise as well. These numbers are from the scene in the local tavern just after Belle's capture by the Beast, and are perhaps best remembered for being the manliest songs in the entire film. White manages to come across as a pure paragon of maleness, sporting rippling musculature and bristling chest hair all at once. Herein, White comfortably busts out lines like \"As you see I've got biceps to spare!\" and \"I'm especially good at expectorating - ptooey!\" with much gusto. The gaggle of incompetent, second-rate buffoons in the background do a stunning job too, rolling out accompanying refrains like \"No one plots likes Gaston!/Takes cheap shots like Gaston!/Likes to persecute harmless crackpots like Gaston!\" to rousing effect. Take it from me - it's ridiculously hard to come out of this one without having the burning desire to eat five dozen eggs per day and become roughly the size of a barge.\" Soundtrackgeek wrote \"For me...not much can beat the", "title": "Gaston (song)" } ]	[ { "docid": "1006812", "text": "The Beautician and the Beast is a 1997 American romantic comedy film directed by Ken Kwapis, written by Todd Graff, and starring Fran Drescher, Timothy Dalton, Lisa Jakub, Ian McNeice, and Patrick Malahide. It tells the story of a New York City beautician who is hired, under the false assumption that she is a science teacher, to tutor the four children of a dictator of a fictional Eastern European nation, played by Timothy Dalton. The film deals with the theme of cultural differences, and takes inspiration from other stories like Beauty and the Beast, The King and I, Evita, and The Sound of Music. Produced by Drescher's company High School Sweethearts in partnership with Paramount Pictures, The Beautician and the Beast was her first starring role in a film. Drescher chose Graff to write the screenplay because of his familiarity with her style of humor. She pitched and sold the project as a vehicle to transition her career in television to film. Filming took place during the fall of 1996 in Greystone Mansion in Beverly Hills, California, and Sychrov Castle in the Czech Republic. Kwapis consulted with dialect coach Francie Brown to create the fictional language Slovetzian used in the film. Cliff Eidelman composed the soundtrack which features the London Metropolitan Orchestra. The Beautician and the Beast was released on February 7, 1997 to generally negative reviews. Critics panned the story as more appropriate for a sitcom rather than a feature film, and called it a poor example of the romantic comedy genre. Drescher and Dalton received mixed reviews for their performances; Drescher was nominated for the Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Actress. The Beautician and the Beast was a box-office bomb, grossing roughly $11.5 million against a production budget of $16 million. Plot The film opens with an animated sequence in which a prince awakens a princess with a kiss, though she rejects his romantic advances and runs away. The scene shifts to live action beautician Joy Miller, who teaches at a New York City beauty school. One of her students accidentally sets the classroom ablaze by igniting hair spray with a cigarette. She escorts her class and some caged animals to safety, prompting the New York Post to run a headline praising Joy as a hero. Ira Grushinsky, a diplomat from the Eastern European country Slovetzia, mistakes Joy for a science teacher after seeing a newspaper photo. He hires her as a tutor for the four children of Boris Pochenko, Slovetzia's dictator. However, she misinterprets his job offer as teaching hairstyling. Although she has never heard of the country, she accepts the job despite her initial hesitation. After arriving at Slovetzia, Ira is surprised to discover Joy's true identity, but she convinces him to keep it a secret. Despite making a bad first impression with Boris, Joy gets along with his children Katrina, Karl, Masha, and Yuri. While teaching them about life outside Slovetzia, she also helps them to gain confidence in themselves. She learns about Katrina's relationship", "title": "The Beautician and the Beast" }, { "docid": "33485929", "text": "William Paul Michals is an American stage actor and baritone singer. He has appeared as Emile de Becque in Rogers and Hammerstein’s SOUTH PACIFIC at Lincoln Center,. He made his Broadway debut as “The Beast” in Disney’s BEAUTY AND THE BEAST, and later returned to play Gaston in the same production. His career continued with roles as Javert in LES MISÉRABLES, Billy Flynn in CHICAGO, Don Quixote in MAN OF LA MANCHA, Harold Hill in THE MUSIC MAN, the title role in PHANTOM OF THE OPERA and SWEENEY TODD: THE DEMON BARBER OF FLEET STREET, and recently appeared as Captain Hook in Leonard Bernstein's PETER PAN. He has received the Anselmo Award, he also earned recognition by Chicago’s “Jeff” and the National STAR awards for his portrayal of Chauvelin in a national tour of THE SCARLET PIMPERNEL. He has played Captain von Trapp in THE SOUND OF MUSIC, and Billy Flynn in Kander & Ebb’s CHICAGO. Michals regularly appears with the country’s leading orchestras, including the San Francisco, San Diego, Utah, and Hartford Symphonies, The New York Pops, and Philly Pops. He has sung The National Anthem for major league sporting events. He has also performed for House and Senate inside The United States Capitol. He also sang at the December 11, 2001 memorial service at Ground Zero, singing \"Let There Be Peace On Earth\". He has performed opera, in New York, Boston, and in concert at the Aspen and Tanglewood Music Festivals. His moniker is “America's Baritone”. Career He made his debut with The Beauty and the Beast Broadway Beauty and the Beast (The Beast & Gaston) South Pacific (Emile De Beque) Parade (Detective J. N. Starnes, u/s Judge Roan/Old Soldier & Governor John Slaton) Other Live Theater and Opera Les Misérables (Javert) Phantom of the Opera (The Phantom) The Music Man (Harold Hill) Man of La Mancha (Don Quixote) CHICAGO (Billy Flynn) The Sound of Music (Captain von Trapp) Camelot (Lancelot) The Scarlet Pimpernel (Chauvlin) The Hunchback of Notre Dame (Dom Claude Frollo) Opera Carmen (Escamillo) Le Nozze di Figaro (Figaro) Die Zauberflute (Papageno) TV Law and Order All My Children Guiding Light Live Theater Other Broadway and Off-Broadway roles also include: 2011: South Pacific, lead role as \"Emile de Becque\", at the Pennsylvania Shakespeare Festival. 2012: Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street, lead role as \"Sweeney Todd\", at the Pennsylvania Shakespeare Festival. 2018: South Pacific, lead role as \"Emile de Becque\", at the Olney Theatre Center of the Arts in Olney Theatre - running from August 31 to October 7, 2018. 2019: Sunset Boulevard, starring as \"Max von Mayerling\", at the North Shore Music Theatre in Beverly, Massachusetts - running from september 24 to October 6, 2019. References External links American male musical theatre actors Living people American baritones 1965 births", "title": "William Michals" }, { "docid": "53244954", "text": "\"How Does a Moment Last Forever\" is a song written by lyricist Tim Rice and composer Alan Menken for the Disney live action film Beauty and the Beast (2017), a remake of the animated musical of the same name. This Broadway-inspired ballad is performed in the movie by American actor Kevin Kline in his role as Maurice. It describes the relationship between his character and that of his wife, Belle's deceased mother. Later in the film, Belle (Emma Watson) performs the song as she discovers the truth about her mother's fate. \"How Does a Moment Last Forever\" was also recorded by Canadian pop singer Celine Dion, whose version was also included on the film's soundtrack, released on March 10, 2017. Her version plays over the ending credits of the film. In the original animated film, Maurice does not sing at all. The remake, however, explores both Belle's and the Beast's past. Belle's backstory serves to build a foundation for her relationship with the Beast. For director Bill Condon, adding detail to both Belle's and the Beast's past was necessary for the audiences to understand the characters: \"They're both outsiders, but how did Belle wind up being so different from everybody else in a town where nobody understands her, and how did the Beast become the person who earned that curse? That's the stuff we started to fill in\", he said. \"How Does a Moment Last Forever\" is a ballad and its lyrics deals with the theme of nostalgia. According to Menken, it’s about hanging on to precious moments. In Beauty and the Beast, it is performed twice, first by Maurice when he reminisces about his deceased wife and later by Belle after she discovers her mother's fate. Dion was contacted to record a pop version of the song. Although she initially had doubts, she ultimately agreed because of the impact that recording \"Beauty and the Beast\" has had on her career. Although she was unable to promote her version, which prompted Disney to release \"Evermore\" as a single instead, the song has made an impact in certain countries due to the film's success at the box office. It was met with generally positive reviews from critics. However, some felt that the song is unmemorable and compared it negatively to other songs recorded by Dion for movie soundtracks. Production Director Bill Condon originally intended to include songs from the Broadway musical adaptation of Beauty and the Beast in the remake. However, Disney decided to recruit composer Alan Menken and lyricist Tim Rice to write entirely new songs for the film instead. Original Beauty and the Beast composer Menken reunited with Rice, with whom he had previously collaborated on the 1994 musical to write three new songs for the remake, including \"How Does a Moment Last Forever\", whose original title was \"Our Song Lives On\". Rice once again replaced Howard Ashman, the animated film's lyricist, who had died from HIV-related complications in 1991. The live action film marks the first collaboration between", "title": "How Does a Moment Last Forever" }, { "docid": "1675666", "text": "Marc Kudisch (born September 22, 1966) is an American stage actor, who is best known for his musical theatre roles on Broadway. Early life and education Kudisch was born in Hackensack, New Jersey, the son of Florence and Raymond Kudisch. His family is Jewish. He grew up in Plantation, Florida. He enrolled at Florida Atlantic University to study political science and switched to theatre. After receiving his degree, Kudisch went to New York City and was cast as Conrad Birdie in the Barry Weissler-produced national tour of Bye Bye Birdie with Tommy Tune and Ann Reinking. Kudisch later starred in a television version of the Broadway musical along with Jason Alexander and Vanessa Williams. Career Kudisch's Broadway credits include Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (Baron Bomburst), Assassins (The Proprietor), Thoroughly Modern Millie (Trevor Graydon), Bells Are Ringing (Jeff Moss), Michael John LaChiusa's The Wild Party at the Public Theater (Jackie), The Scarlet Pimpernel (Chauvelin), High Society (George Kittredge), Disney's Beauty and the Beast (Gaston), and Andrew Lloyd Webber's Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat (Reuben). He has been nominated for the Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Musical for his roles in Thoroughly Modern Millie (2002), Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (2005) and 9 to 5 (2009), as well as the Outer Critics Circle Award and the Drama Desk Award. Once more playing a villain, Kudisch starred in the Roundabout Theatre Company revival of The Apple Tree with his former fiancee, Kristin Chenoweth, as Eve and Brian d'Arcy James as Adam. In late 2008, Kudisch joined Allison Janney, Megan Hilty and Stephanie J. Block in the new musical, 9 to 5. Based on the film of the same name, the production was directed by Joe Mantello and had its pre-Broadway run at the Ahmanson Theatre in Los Angeles beginning September 21, 2008. The musical began preview performances on Broadway at the Marquis Theatre on April 7, 2009 with an official opening on April 30, 2009. Kudisch played sexist, egotistical boss Franklin Hart Jr., a part played by Dabney Coleman. Dolly Parton, who appeared in the original film, wrote the music and lyrics for the new musical. The show closed on September 6, 2009. He starred as Slick Follicle in the City Centers Encores! production of Girl Crazy, which ran Nov. 19 – 22, 2009. Kudisch appeared off-Broadway in the critically acclaimed improvisational comedy show Noo Yawk Tawk, as well as The Thing About Men, See What I Wanna See (Public Theater), and in the Lucille Lortel Award nominated The Glorious Ones. In 1987 he appeared in the murder mystery/party game Tamara: The Living Movie at New York City's Armory. He appeared in the Off-Broadway musical Minister's Wife. The show's music was by Josh Schmidt, lyrics by Jan Tranen, and a book by Austin Pendleton and it was based on Candida by George Bernard Shaw. He also performed in a one-man show beginning in July 2011 entitled What Makes Me Tick. Kudisch has also appeared in Stephen Sondheim's A Little Night", "title": "Marc Kudisch" }, { "docid": "5023043", "text": "Classic Disney: 60 Years of Musical Magic is a five-volume compilation series, each containing 25 (125 in total) songs compiled from Disneyland and Walt Disney World, various Disney films in animation and live-action, and the Walt Disney anthology television series. Each volume was released individually on CD and cassette between 1995 and 1998. Volume I was released on March 28, 1995, Volume II on September 12, 1995, Volume III on July 2, 1996, Volume IV on July 15, 1997 and Volume V on September 22, 1998. In 2000, a box set was released containing volumes 1 - 3, followed by a box set containing volumes 1 - 4 in 2001, Finally, a box set containing all five volumes packaged in a slipcase was released by Walt Disney Records in Australia, Japan, North America and Europe in 2003. The series was followed by Disney's Greatest, a three-volume compilation series released in 2001 and 2002. The series was very similar to Classic Disney and although each volume featured many of the same songs, only 20 songs appeared on each volume as opposed to Classic Disney'''s 25. In addition to containing only 20 songs, the Disney's Greatest compilations also contained songs from films released from 1999 - 2002, after the Classic Disney compilations were released. Track listing Volume I - Red \"A Whole New World\" (Aladdin) \"Circle of Life\" (The Lion King) \"Beauty and the Beast\" (Beauty and the Beast) \"Under the Sea\" (The Little Mermaid) \"Hakuna Matata\" (The Lion King) \"Kiss the Girl\" (The Little Mermaid) \"I Just Can't Wait to Be King\" (The Lion King) \"Poor Unfortunate Souls\" (The Little Mermaid) \"Chim Chim Cher-ee\" (Mary Poppins) \"Jolly Holiday\" (Mary Poppins) \"A Spoonful of Sugar\" (Mary Poppins) \"Let's Get Together\" (The Parent Trap) \"The Monkey's Uncle\" (The Monkey's Uncle) \"The Ugly Bug Ball\" (Summer Magic) \"The Spectrum Song\" (An Adventure in Color) \"Colonel Hathi's March (The Elephant Song)\" (The Jungle Book) \"A Whale of a Tale\" (20,000 Leagues Under the Sea) \"You Can Fly! You Can Fly! You Can Fly!\" (Peter Pan) \"The Work Song\" (Cinderella) \"A Dream Is a Wish Your Heart Makes\" (Cinderella) \"Zip-a-Dee-Doo-Dah\" (Song of the South) \"Dance of the Reed Flutes\" (Fantasia) \"Love Is a Song\" (Bambi) \"Some Day My Prince Will Come\" (Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs) \"Minnie's Yoo Hoo\" (Mickey's Follies) Volume II - Blue \"Be Our Guest\" (Beauty and the Beast) \"Can You Feel the Love Tonight\" (The Lion King) \"Part of Your World\" (The Little Mermaid) \"One Jump Ahead\" (Aladdin) \"Gaston\" (Beauty and the Beast) \"Something There\" (Beauty and the Beast) \"Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious\" (Mary Poppins) \"Candle on the Water\" (Pete's Dragon) \"Main Street Electrical Parade\" (Main Street Electrical Parade) \"The Age of Not Believing\" (Bedknobs and Broomsticks) \"The Bare Necessities\" (The Jungle Book) \"Feed the Birds (Tuppence a Bag)\" (Mary Poppins) \"Best of Friends\" (The Fox and the Hound) \"Let's Go Fly a Kite\" (Mary Poppins) \"It's a Small World\" (1964 New York World's Fair) \"The Tiki, Tiki, Tiki Room\" (Walt Disney's Enchanted Tiki", "title": "Classic Disney: 60 Years of Musical Magic" }, { "docid": "40092826", "text": "\"Human Again\" is a song originally written for and later restored to the 1991 Disney animated musical Beauty and the Beast. With music by Alan Menken and lyrics by Howard Ashman, \"Human Again\" was replaced during production of the original 1991 version of the film by \"Something There\", but retained and revised by Menken and new lyricist Tim Rice for the 1994 stage musical adaptation of Beauty and the Beast. A newly produced sequence featuring \"Human Again\" was added to the Beauty and the Beast animated film for its 2002 IMAX Special Edition and subsequent DVD, VHS, and Blu-ray home releases. The song is an upbeat waltz, with lyrics sung by several of the enchanted objects/house servants in the castle of the Beast, who are hopeful that now that he and Belle are getting closer to one another, they could fall in love and break the spell on their castle, which would restore all of them to human form. The song also expands the role of The Wardrobe, giving her a solo verse in the number. In the film, where it falls between \"Something There\" and \"Beauty and the Beast\", \"Human Again\" is primarily performed by Lumière (Jerry Orbach), Cogsworth (David Ogden Stiers), Mrs. Potts (Angela Lansbury), and The Wardrobe (Jo Anne Worley). Neither Belle nor the Beast sing in the song, but they are seen in a brief scene where Belle teaches the Beast to read starting with Romeo & Juliet (King Arthur in the stage version and demo). Production The song was originally written for the 1991 film, but was cut due to pacing issues and its length. It was included in the 1994 Broadway musical, and was brought back for the 2002 DVD release of the film. Don Hahn explained: \"Kirk and Gary and I were sitting around talking about the Star Wars Special Edition that had just come out and Kirk jokingly suggested, 'wouldn't it be fun to do a special edition of Beauty with Human Again or new material in it?' When the head of Feature Animation said he thought it was a great idea, we stopped joking and began thinking about how we could actually do it. We had storyboarded the sequence for the original production, but completely reworked it for this special edition of the film.\" Kirk Wise (who directed the original film) also directed the reanimated sequence, with co-director of Beauty and the Beast Gary Trousdale. Wise explained, \"we had many of the same animators, same background painters, same artists that worked on the sequence\". Composition Show Biz Training describes the song as a \"beautiful waltz\". It is composed in the key of G Major in 3/4 time. Removal \"Human Again\" is considered by the Disney executives as somewhat of a controversial song within Beauty and the Beast. DigitalMediaFX said \"there's a reason that the \"Human Again\" song was not included in the original Beauty and the Beast until 2002—it didn't quite fit\", and cites Disney's own statement, \"the song posed story", "title": "Human Again (song)" }, { "docid": "5326183", "text": "Beauty and the Beast: Belle's Magical World is a 1998 direct-to-video animated musical film produced by Walt Disney Television Animation. It was released on February 17, 1998, and it is the sequel to Disney's 1991 animated feature film Beauty and the Beast and the third and final installment in the Beauty and the Beast trilogy, featuring the voices of David Ogden Stiers as Cogsworth, Robby Benson as The Beast, Gregory Grudt, who replaced Bradley Pierce as Chip Potts, Paige O'Hara as Belle, Anne Rogers, who replaced Angela Lansbury as Mrs. Potts, and Jerry Orbach as Lumiere. The film features two songs performed by Belle, \"Listen With Our Hearts\" and \"A Little Thought.\" This storyline is set within the timeline of the original Beauty and the Beast (after Christmas but before the fight against Gaston). When first released in 1998, the film consisted of three connected segments, which are \"The Perfect Word\", \"Fifi's Folly\" and \"The Broken Wing\". For the special edition released in 2003, another segment was included, \"Mrs. Potts' Party\" (from Belle's Tales of Friendship) making the film 22 minutes longer. Production The film consists of three episodes of an unreleased television series, loosely woven together in a feature-length story and also based on the original Disney animated feature. It was produced by Walt Disney Television Animation and animated by Toon City Animation, Inc. in Manila, Philippines and Thai Wang Film Productions in Bangkok, Thailand. Finished and copyrighted in the fall of 1997, at the time when Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas was released, the film was originally set for release on January 13, 1998, but was pushed to February 17th for unknown reasons. Plot The Perfect Word Beast (Robby Benson) and Belle (Paige O'Hara) plan to eat together, and Beast asks for advice from Lumiere (Jerry Orbach). While Cogsworth (David Ogden Stiers) escorts Belle to the dining room, they come across the castle's well-meaning but rather verbose scribe, Webster (Jim Cummings), turned into a dictionary, whom Belle invites to join them in the dining room (to Cogsworth's dismay). During the meal, while Belle explains a story she has been reading to Beast, Beast gets sweaty. He demands for the windows to be opened, despite there being a draft of air in the room and the servants getting cold. Beast and Belle get into an argument, and Beast strikes Webster off the table when the dictionary begins giving unwanted synonyms to Belle's insults. Subsequently, they both stop speaking to each other, despite Lumiere and Cogsworth's attempts to patch things up. Eventually, Webster, feeling guilty for his part, forges a letter of apology from Beast to Belle with his friends, a pile of papers named Crane (Jeff Bennett) and a quill named LePlume (Rob Paulsen). Belle sees the letter, and makes amends with Beast. That night, however, the truth comes out, and after a furious chase around the castle, Beast catches and banishes Webster with brokenhearted dinner, Crane and LePlume for the forgery, throwing them into the forest.", "title": "Belle's Magical World" }, { "docid": "63623622", "text": "Michael Cormick (born ca 1966/1967) is an Australian singer and actor, best known for performances in musical theatre in Australia and in the United Kingdom. In Australia, he originated the role of The Beast in the original Australian production of Beauty and the Beast opposite Hugh Jackman as Gaston. His other Australia stage credits include The Phantom and Monsieur Firmin in The Phantom of the Opera, Munkustrap in Cats, Joe in Sunset Boulevard, Levi and the Pharaoh in Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat, Sam in Mamma Mia!, Commissioner Grey in Eureka, Georges in La Cage aux Folles, and The Narrator in Blood Brothers. In the West End, his roles include Raoul, Vicomte de Chagny in The Phantom of the Opera and Sir Percival Glyde in The Woman in White. Awards Mo Awards The Australian Entertainment Mo Awards (commonly known informally as the Mo Awards), were annual Australian entertainment industry awards. They recognise achievements in live entertainment in Australia from 1975 to 2016. (wins only) \|- \| 1996 \| Michael Cormick \| Male Musical Theatre Performer of the Year \| \|- References Australian male musical theatre actors Living people Year of birth missing (living people)", "title": "Michael Cormick" }, { "docid": "23178694", "text": "Henk Poort (born 20 January 1956) is a Dutch actor and singer, who mainly plays in operas and musicals. Biography Henk Poort is a Dutch singer born in 1956. Poort's major roles include Erik (the Phantom) in the Dutch version of The Phantom of the Opera and Jean Valjean in the first staging of the Dutch version of Les Misérables in the late 1990s. He also sang as one of the \"17 Valjeans\" at Les Misérables: The Dream Cast in Concert. His most recent role was Tevye in Anatevka. Beyond musicals and opera, he provided the voice of Gaston on the Dutch version of Disney's animation film Beauty and the Beast. In 2019 Nightwish vocalist Floor Jansen performed Phantom of the Opera with Poort for the Dutch TV show Beste Zangers. The performance has attracted over 20 million viewers on YouTube so far (as of January 2023). Their performance was so well received that Nightwish revived their cover of the song live on stage for the first time in 17 years featuring Mr. Poort as a guest vocalist. The show in Amsterdam on November 28, 2022, was filmed for a future DVD release. References 1956 births Living people Dutch baritones Dutch male musical theatre actors Dutch male voice actors Male actors from Amsterdam 20th-century Dutch people", "title": "Henk Poort" }, { "docid": "9375075", "text": "JoAnn Gibb is a Scottish theatre actress best known for her role of Rumpleteazer in the 1998 film of Andrew Lloyd Webber's Cats, and as the replacement Pearl the Observation Car in the original production of Starlight Express. She also played Belle in the 2006 UK Productions tour of Beauty and the Beast and appeared as Columbia in the 2000 UK national tour of The Rocky Horror Show. Career Gibb first began her training at the Dance School of Scotland in Glasgow, then continuing in Epsom at Laine Theatre Arts. Her first appearance in a London West End show was at the New London Theatre playing Rumpleteazer in Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical Cats, 1996–1997. She also understudied and played the roles of Demeter and Jemima in that same production. She subsequently played the role of Rumpleteazer in the 1998 Cats film. In 2003 Gibb played the young Jesse Matthews in the West End production of Over My Shoulder – The Story of Jesse Matthews at the Wyndham's Theatre. Her performance in the role was reviewed as \"pert and sweet if somewhat underpowered\" by The Times. The Times praised Gibb's performance as Ruby in the 2005 musical Time's Up stating that she gave \"a performance of enormous appeal\". Some of her other theatre work includes Belle in Disney's Beauty and the Beast, at the Dominion Theatre, London, and on tour; Columbia in the national tour of The Rocky Horror Show; and Pearl, in the final cast of the original London production of Starlight Express at the Apollo Victoria Theatre. Her work in The Rocky Horror Show was described as \"impressive\" in a review in the Coventry Evening Telegraph. The Evening Standard called her \"musical queen Jo Gibb\" in an article on Beauty and the Beast. Gibb then appeared as Hell Let Loose and Rosalind in Beautiful and Damned in 2004 at the Lyric Theatre, also understudying and playing the lead role of Zelda Fitzgerald, and as Truly Scrumptious in the musical Chitty Chitty Bang Bang in 2005. In 2014 Gibb played the part of Vera in the West End production of Songs for Victory at the Dominion Theatre. She regularly performs around the world as one third of the singing group \"The Patriot Girls\". Personal life Gibb is married to former Beauty and the Beast co-star Alex Bourne. References External links Jo Gibb CV at Songs for Victory (2014) 1976 births Living people People from Bo'ness Scottish musical theatre actresses Scottish stage actresses", "title": "Jo Gibb" }, { "docid": "14246909", "text": "Gaston is a fictional character in Walt Disney Pictures' animated film Beauty and the Beast (1991). Voiced by American actor and singer Richard White, Gaston is an arrogant and ruthless hunter whose unrequited feelings for the intellectual Belle drive him to murder his adversary, the Beast, once he realizes she cares for him instead. Gaston serves as a foil personality to the Beast, who was once as vain as Gaston prior to his transformation. Gaston is a character original to Disney, as he is not present in the Beauty and the Beast fairy tale by Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont upon which the 1991 film is based. Imagined by screenwriter Linda Woolverton, who based the character on the ex-boyfriends she dated in her past, Gaston was developed specifically for Disney's adaptation of Beauty and the Beast because the studio felt that the film could benefit from a strong villain, who is lacking in the original fairy tale. As the character evolves from a non-threatening aristocrat into an arrogant man relentlessly seeking Belle's hand in marriage, Gaston ultimately replaced a female relative of Belle's who the filmmakers had originally created to serve as the film's villain. In direct contrast to his adversary the Beast, Gaston is depicted as physically handsome with an unattractive personality, both physically and emotionally embodying hypermasculinity. Both Disney and supervising animator Andreas Deja initially struggled with the concept of animating a handsome villain, which had never been attempted by the studio before. Deja ultimately based Gaston's appearance on those of handsome soap opera actors in order to create a grotesque version of the Prince Charming stock character, while some of White's own operatic mannerisms were incorporated into the character. Gaston has been generally positively received by film critics, as his lack of \"magic power or political influence\" means that his villainy tends to resonate with audiences who often identify someone similar to him in real life, although critics regard him as a less memorable villain than some of the studio's previous efforts. Considered to be one of Disney's most famous villains, Gaston is frequently ranked within the top-tens of Disney villain rankings released by several media publications. Development Conception and writing Gaston is one of several elements unique to Disney's animated adaptation of the Beauty and the Beast fairy tale, written by Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont. Under Richard and Jill Purdum's direction, Gaston originally resembled a \"foppish aristocrat\" as opposed to the strong, arrogant hunter he would ultimately be revised into; The Huffington Post described early drafts of Gaston as \"a weaselly, sort of wimpy character.\" In fact, Gaston was originally intended to resemble more of an annoying than antagonistic character, while the main villainous role belonged to Belle's aunt Marguerite instead, who plotted to force Belle into marrying Gaston. This version of Gaston was abandoned along with much of the original film treatment's elements, including Marguerite, at the behest of Disney chairman Jeffrey Katzenberg. After Katzenberg insisted that development on the film be completely overhauled, the studio", "title": "Gaston (Beauty and the Beast)" }, { "docid": "42895159", "text": "\"The Mob Song\" is a song from the 1991 Disney animated film Beauty and the Beast. Plot \"The Mob Song\" sees Gaston instill fear into the villagers about the Beast, claiming he will supposedly kill them. Gaston then proceeds to lead the angry mob up to the Beast's castle so that he can kill the Beast while the rest of the villagers rob the castle of its treasures. CommonSenseMedia explains that \"misguided townspeople say scary and violent things about the Beast, proposing they kill him and mount his head on a wall.\" At one point, Gaston says, \"Screw your courage to the sticking place\", which is a line from Macbeth. Composition and analysis Lyricist Howard Ashman, who had AIDS by the time he wrote the song and viewed the Beast's curse as an allegory for AIDS, was inspired by public sentiment at the time against AIDS and the gay community when writing the song's lyrics. Beauty and the Beast producer Don Hahn further said that the song was written as \"almost a metaphor for\" the stigmatization against people with AIDS. Tinker Belles and Evil Queens: The Walt Disney Company from the Inside Out claims the song \"taps into this demonization of persons with AIDS\". The book Sigmund Romberg says the song is \"a cinematic recreation of Nelson Eddy's nocturnal march 'Stouthearted Men' in the 1940 musical film New Moon. The Cambridge Companion of Singing describes the song as a \"parody\" of the earlier number. Critical reception Unlocked described it as a \"less time-consuming number\". CommonSenseMedia said the song is one of the few things in the film that parents should be concerned about. WCPO said it was \"dramatic\" with \"dark energy\". 2017 version For the 2017 live-action remake of Beauty and the Beast, Alan Menken adjusted the lyrics to reflect LeFou starting to turn against Gaston. Menken said that he changed the lyrics because director Bill Condon \"wanted this sense of Gaston as a demagogue at that point, and the turnaround of Lefou\". References 1991 songs Disney Renaissance songs Songs from Beauty and the Beast (franchise) Songs with music by Alan Menken Songs with lyrics by Howard Ashman Song recordings produced by Alan Menken Song recordings produced by Howard Ashman", "title": "The Mob Song" }, { "docid": "3725773", "text": "\"Beauty and the Beast\" is a song written by lyricist Howard Ashman and composer Alan Menken for the Disney animated feature film Beauty and the Beast (1991). The film's theme song, the Broadway-inspired ballad was first recorded by British-American actress Angela Lansbury in her role as the voice of the character Mrs. Potts, and essentially describes the relationship between its two main characters Belle and the Beast, specifically how the couple has learned to accept their differences and in turn change each other for the better. Additionally, the song's lyrics imply that the feeling of love is as timeless and ageless as a \"tale as old as time\". Lansbury's rendition is heard during the famous ballroom sequence between Belle and the Beast, while a shortened chorale version plays in the closing scenes of the film, and the song's motif features frequently in other pieces of Menken's film score. Lansbury was initially hesitant to record \"Beauty and the Beast\" because she felt that it was not suitable for her aging singing voice, but ultimately completed the song in one take. \"Beauty and the Beast\" was subsequently recorded as a pop duet by Canadian singer Celine Dion and American singer Peabo Bryson, and released as the only single from the film's soundtrack on November 25, 1991. Disney first recruited solely Dion to record a radio-friendly version of it in order to promote the film. However, the studio was concerned that the then-newcomer would not attract a large enough audience in the United States on her own, so they hired the more prominent Bryson to be her duet partner. At first Dion was also hesitant to record \"Beauty and the Beast\" because she had just recently been fired from recording the theme song of the animated film An American Tail: Fievel Goes West (1991). First heard during the film's end credits, the single was produced by Walter Afanasieff who also arranged it with Robbie Buchanan, and included on Dion's self-titled album (1992) and Bryson's album, Through the Fire (1994). The single was accompanied by a music video. Directed by Dominic Orlando, it combined footage of the singers recording the song at The Power Station with excerpts from the film. Both versions of \"Beauty and the Beast\" were very successful, garnering both a Golden Globe and Academy Award for Best Original Song, as well as Grammy Awards for Best Song Written for Visual Media and Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals. The single was also nominated for the Grammy Award for Record of the Year and the Grammy Award for Song of the Year. Lansbury's performance has been universally lauded by both film and music critics. While the Dion-Bryson version received mixed reviews from critics who felt that it was not as good as Lansbury's original, the single became a commercial success, peaking at number nine on the Billboard Hot 100 and becoming the better-known of the two renditions. In addition to returning Disney songs to the pop charts after", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)" }, { "docid": "405405", "text": "Beauty and the Beast is an American fantasy-drama television series that first aired on CBS from September 25, 1987 to August 4, 1990. Creator Ron Koslow's updated version of the fairy tale has a double focus: the relationship between Vincent (Ron Perlman), a mythic, noble man-beast, and Catherine (Linda Hamilton), a savvy Assistant District Attorney in New York City, and a secret utopian community of social outcasts living in a subterranean sanctuary. Through an empathic bond, Vincent senses Catherine's emotions, and becomes her guardian. Premise The series follows the developing relationship between the characters and the division between New York and the hidden world beneath it. In a twist from the original tale, however, this \"beast\" does not transform into society's idea of beauty after gaining the love of Catherine. Rather, Vincent's inner beauty is allowed to remain the focus of who he is, and it is Catherine's life that transforms from her relationship to Vincent. In the third season, after the death of the character Catherine, Jo Anderson became the new female lead playing Diana Bennett, a criminal profiler investigating Catherine's murder. Production As the title indicates, the premise of the series is inspired by the fairy tale \"Beauty and the Beast\"; in particular, there is some connection to the Jean Cocteau's 1946 French film, La Belle et la Bête. George R. R. Martin, who would later write the A Song of Ice and Fire book series which were later adapted into the acclaimed television series Game of Thrones, was a writer and producer on the show. In 2004 and 2007, Beauty and the Beast was ranked #14 and #17, respectively, on TV Guides Top Cult Shows Ever. Series synopsis Season 1 Catherine Chandler (played by Linda Hamilton) is abducted, beaten, slashed and left to die in Central Park because she was inadvertently mistaken for somebody else. She is rescued and cared for by Vincent (played by Ron Perlman) who has taken her to Father (played by Roy Dotrice), head of a hidden community of people dwelling in tunnels below the city of New York. Ten days later, Catherine returns to the surface with the promise of keeping Vincent's secret and the challenge to go on after her terrible attack. After completing her recovery, her life begins a serious transition: she takes self-defense lessons, leaves her comfortable job at her father's law firm and joins the Manhattan District Attorney's office as an assistant district attorney. Her first action involves her asking Carol Stabler about those men who attacked her, where she states that they were part of an illegal escort service run by Martin Belmont. When Catherine is attacked by Martin Belmont's men, she is saved by Vincent, who mauls the men. During the course of the first season, the production team fashioned a blend of romance and crime drama, which used both Catherine's position as an ADA and her will to help Vincent and his world to place her in moments of physical danger that would bring the", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (1987 TV series)" }, { "docid": "2727722", "text": "Picasso at the Lapin Agile is a full-length play written by American actor, comedian, writer, producer, and musician Steve Martin in 1993. Description The play features the characters of Albert Einstein and Pablo Picasso, who meet at a bar called the Lapin Agile (French: \"Nimble Rabbit\") in Montmartre, Paris. It is set on October 8, 1904, and both men are on the verge of disclosing amazing ideas (Einstein will publish his special theory of relativity in 1905 and Picasso will paint Les Demoiselles d'Avignon in 1907). At the Lapin Agile, they have a lengthy debate about the value of genius and talent, while interacting with a host of other characters. Each character in Lapin Agile has a specific role. For example, Schmendiman, an inventor, believes he is a genius but really knows very little, while Gaston, an amicable old Frenchman with prostate problems, is hesitant to listen to or believe anything that does not revolve around sex or drinking. There is much discussion of the major cultural influences of the twentieth century. Picasso represents art, Einstein represents science, and Schmendiman represents commercialism. Picasso and Einstein eventually realize that their abilities are equally valuable. Once the main characters have reached their moment of insight, \"The Visitor\", a man from the future, crashes the party. Although the Visitor is never named, his identity can be surmised as Elvis Presley. The Visitor adds a third dimension to Picasso's and Einstein's debate, representing the idea that genius is not always the product of academic or philosophical understanding, or as Gaston refers to it, \"Brains\". Martin has written: \"Focusing on Einstein’s Special Theory of Relativity and Picasso’s master painting, Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, the play attempts to explain, in a light-hearted way, the similarity of the creative process involved in great leaps of imagination in art and science\". Cast, in order of appearance Freddy – The owner and bartender of the Lapin Agile. He is the boyfriend of Germaine, and seems to be a simple-minded man but occasionally says something truly stunning, and occasionally breaks the fourth wall. Gaston – An abrupt and direct old Frenchman with prostate problems, who talks plainly and only seems to care about sex and drinking Germaine – A waitress at the Lapin Agile. She is Freddy's girlfriend and a very thoughtful and beautiful woman. She has many ideas of what the 20th century will be like, and has slept with Picasso. Albert Einstein – A 25-year-old scientist with big aspirations. He is a genius, with a book on the way called The Special Theory of Relativity. He often finds himself having to explain his theories and thoughts in a simpler fashion to the rest of the group, as he is wise beyond his years. Suzanne – A beautiful 19-year-old girl who is infatuated with Picasso. Suzanne and Picasso have already slept together, and she is left hurt and angry when he doesn't remember her. Sagot – Picasso's art dealer, who is obsessed with finding and selling great pieces of art", "title": "Picasso at the Lapin Agile" }, { "docid": "1602004", "text": "Andreas Deja is a Polish-born German-American character animator most noted for his work at Walt Disney Animation Studios. Deja's work includes serving as supervising animator on characters in several Disney animated films, including the Disney villains Gaston in Beauty and the Beast, Jafar in Aladdin, and Scar in The Lion King, the titular character in Hercules, and Lilo Pelekai in Lilo & Stitch. Early life Deja credits seeing Disney's The Jungle Book as an 11-year-old with inspiring him to become an animator. At that young age, he promptly wrote to Walt Disney Productions to express his interest in working there, and received back a form letter which he has kept ever since. Deja later summarized the letter and how he acted on it as follows: \"Please, do not send us any copies of Mickey Mouse. We can teach you that. You need to become an artist in your own right first. Watch the world around you. Draw your brothers and sisters. Go to the zoo. Sketch the animals a lot ... I took it very seriously ... I knew I had to be good. I knew I had to be above average.\" After graduating from Theodor-Heuss Gymnasium (secondary school) in Dinslaken, where he was taught by the artist and art teacher Alfred Grimm, he studied graphic design at the Folkwang Hochschule in Essen, Germany. Career A lifelong fan of Disney animated films, Deja was hired by the studio in August 1980 after he had corresponded with Eric Larson, one of Disney's senior Nine Old Men of animation who ran the studio's training department. The first film on which he worked for was The Black Cauldron, during which time he shared a cubicle with future film director Tim Burton. During his rookie days at Disney, Deja sought mentorship and practical advice from seven of the then-living Nine Old Men, who were already retired before his tenure. Deja has collected information on the Nine Old Men over the years, and has stated that one of his ambitions is to publish one book for each of the Nine Old Men. Deja is best known as the supervising animator of some of the most memorable Disney villains: Gaston in Beauty and the Beast, Jafar in Aladdin, Scar in The Lion King and Queen Narissa in Enchanted. He also animated Roger Rabbit in Who Framed Roger Rabbit, King Triton in The Little Mermaid, the title character in Hercules, Lilo Pelekai in Lilo & Stitch, Mama Odie in The Princess and the Frog and Tigger in Winnie the Pooh. In addition, he is the current resident specialist for the animation of Mickey Mouse. In 2011, he began a blog where he shares some of his collection of the work of the early Disney animators. In 2015, Deja authored The Nine Old Men: Lessons, Techniques, and Inspiration from Disney's Great Animators published by Focal Press. As of June 2023, he currently worked on the animated short film Mushka. Deja was the guest curator for the exhibition titled", "title": "Andreas Deja" }, { "docid": "76399", "text": "Trouble in Paradise is a 1932 American pre-Code romantic comedy film directed by Ernst Lubitsch and starring Miriam Hopkins, Kay Francis, and Herbert Marshall. Based on the 1931 play The Honest Finder (A Becsületes Megtaláló) by Hungarian playwright László Aladár, the lead characters are a gentleman thief and a lady pickpocket who join forces to con a beautiful woman who is the owner of a perfume company. In 1991, Trouble in Paradise was selected for preservation by the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\". Plot In Venice, Gaston Monescu (Herbert Marshall), a master thief masquerading as a baron, meets Lily (Miriam Hopkins), a pickpocket posing as a countess. The two fall in love and decide to team up. They leave Venice for Paris. There, Gaston steals a diamond-encrusted purse worth 125,000 francs from Madame Mariette Colet (Kay Francis), owner of the famous perfume manufacturer Colet and Co. When Mariette offers a large reward for its return, Gaston claims it, giving the name of Lavalle. While claiming the reward, Gaston charms Mariette, and admits to being broke. Mariette hires him as her private secretary. He arranges for Lily to be employed in Mariette's office, and stands up to Mariette's board of directors, led by Monsieur Adolph J. Giron (C. Aubrey Smith), the manager, who is openly suspicious of him. Having observed Mariette open her private safe (and memorized the combination), Gaston persuades her that she should keep a large sum there, including half of her next dividend installment. Mariette begins to flirt with Gaston, and he begins to have feelings for her. Unfortunately for the thieves, Mariette has two suitors: the Major (Charles Ruggles), and François Filiba (Edward Everett Horton), who was robbed in Venice by Gaston (posing as a doctor). François sees Gaston at a garden party, and is sure they have met, but can't immediately recall where. Fearing imminent discovery, Gaston and Lily decide to flee that night with what is in the safe, and not wait for the dividend installment. Mariette is invited to a dinner party given by the Major. She cannot decide whether to go or to spend the night in bed with Gaston. Eventually she goes, but not before Lily catches on that Gaston has fallen for her rival, and wants to back out of the plan. At the party, the Major tells François that he once mistook Gaston for a doctor, and François then recalls the Venice incident. François tells Mariette about Gaston, but she refuses to believe it's true. Lily robs the safe after confronting her partner. Mariette returns home and suggestively probes Gaston, who admits that the safe has been cleaned out, but claims that he took the cash. He also tells her that Monsieur Giron has stolen millions from the firm over the years. Lily then confronts Mariette and Gaston, admitting that it was she who stole the money from the safe. She says at first that she doesn't want", "title": "Trouble in Paradise (1932 film)" }, { "docid": "2401345", "text": "Richard White (born 1953) is an American actor and opera singer best known for voicing the character of Gaston in Disney's Beauty and the Beast. He also voiced the character in the early 2000s animated TV series House of Mouse and the 2023 works Lego Disney Princess: The Castle Quest, Disney Speedstorm, Once Upon a Studio, and Disney Dreamlight Valley. Career White also played the character of Gaylord Ravenal in Show Boat at Paper Mill Playhouse and Robert Mission in The New Moon, at the New York City Opera. White also created the title role of Erik in the world premiere of Arthur Kopit and Maury Yeston's musical, Phantom and sings the role on the cast recording. White has performed on Broadway as Joey in The Most Happy Fella and has had roles in New York revivals of Brigadoon, South Pacific, and Auntie Mame. He was nominated for a 1985 Joseph Jefferson Award for Actor in a Principal Role in a Musical for \"Carousel\" at the Marriott Theatre in Chicago, Illinois. From 2012 to 2013, White starred as Sir Danvers Carew in the national tour and Broadway revival of Jekyll & Hyde. Filmography Actor Theatre work Broadway 1979 – The Most Happy Fella – Neighbor 2013 – Jekyll and Hyde – Sir Danvers Carew 2015 – Gigi Off-Broadway 1980 – Elizabeth and Essex – Performer 1987 – The Desert Song – Pierre Birabeau/The Red Shadow Regional 1984 – The Desert Song – Pierre Birabeau/The Red Shadow 1985 – Show Boat – Performer 1985 – Carousel – Performer 1987 – Annie Get Your Gun – Performer 1989 – Show Boat – Gaylord Ravenal 1991 – Phantom – Erik/The Phantom 1991 – The Merry Widow – Performer 1992 – Oklahoma! – Performer 1993 – Phantom – Erik/The Phantom 1994 – Camelot – Lancelot 1996 – Gigi – Performer 1998 – Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde – Dr. Henry Jekyll 2004 – Chasing Nicolette – Count de Valence 2013 – A Christmas Carol – Ebenezer Scrooge Soundtrack References External links The San Diego Drama King - An Interview with Richard White 1953 births Living people American male voice actors American operatic baritones", "title": "Richard White (actor)" }, { "docid": "68422835", "text": "High School Musical: The Musical: The Series: The Soundtrack: Season 2 is the soundtrack album for the second season of the streaming television series High School Musical: The Musical: The Series, which was released coinciding with the second-season finale on July 30, 2021, by Walt Disney Records. The soundtrack for the season contains original songs, as well as songs from the film High School Musical 2 and the stage adaptation of the 1991 film Beauty and the Beast. Background In October 2019, High School Musical: The Musical: The Series was renewed for a second season, even before the first season's debut on Disney+ on November 12, 2019. Responding to fan speculation, creator and showrunner Tim Federle denied rumors the second season would revolve around the plot of High School Musical 2; instead, it was revealed in February 2020 the musical would be the stage adaptation of the 1991 film Beauty and the Beast. Composition The soundtrack features new recordings of songs from the film High School Musical 2; \"Bet On It\" and a medley that includes the songs \"Fabulous,\" \"You Are The Music In Me\" and \"All For One.\" Also included are new recordings of songs from the stage adaptation of the 1991 film Beauty and the Beast; \"Belle,\" \"Beauty and the Beast,\" \"Home,\" \"The Mob Song,\" \"Gaston,\" \"If I Can't Love Her,\" \"Be Our Guest\" and \"Something There\" by Alan Menken, Howard Ashman, and Tim Rice. The soundtrack also features a cover of the Miley Cyrus song \"The Climb\" by star Joe Serafini. Recurring star Derek Hough appears as a featured artist on the song \"Around You\" alongside cast member Kate Reinders. Olivia Rose Keegan, another recurring star, has a solo performance of the song \"Home\" as the album's closer; and Roman Banks has a solo performance of the song \"If I Can't Love Her.\" Olivia Rodrigo also wrote a song for the second season, titled \"The Rose Song\", while Joshua Bassett wrote a song as well, \"The Perfect Gift\". On writing \"The Rose Song\", Rodrigo recalled it as \"one of her best songs she had ever written\" and has a \"really intricate metaphor\". They also recorded a duet song \"Even When/The Best Part\" for the series. Bassett revealed that he watched Zac Efron's performance of \"Bet On It\" from the 2007 film and had sung nearly 30 times with retakes to perform that track. Singles Prior to the first episode's premiere, the duet song \"Even When/The Best Part\" performed by Rodrigo and Bassett was released on April 30, 2021. In the lead-up to the album's release, each song was released as a single to correlate with the episodes being distributed and all music videos were released individually on the DisneyMusicVEVO YouTube channel as well as the individual artists' channels. \"High School Musical 2 Medley\", \"Something in the Air\", \"Bet On It\" and \"The Perfect Gift\", were released on the same date as the second season's debut on May 14, 2021. On May 21, 2021, the song \"Belle\" from", "title": "High School Musical: The Musical: The Series: The Soundtrack: Season 2" }, { "docid": "52138285", "text": "Gastone is a 1960 Italian comedy film co-written and directed by Mario Bonnard and starring Alberto Sordi, Anna Maria Ferrero and Vittorio De Sica. It is loosely based on the Ettore Petrolini's character and comedy play with the same name. Plot Italy, 1920s. The suffered glimmers of war seem very far away, especially if and when you have the opportunity to have fun in places like the tabarin: it is here that Gastone, aka Gaston Le Beau, profession danseur mondain, accompanied by the inseparable tailcoat, performs dancing with extreme elegance and entertains the wealthy ladies who go there. Enclosed in the magnificent image of \"bell'Adone\", a woman-wasting dancer, elegant and sexy, Gastone is actually a frivolous and artless character, a well-known scammer at the police station who not only cares about being desired by the admirers but wants something else: success, that full glory and never achieved due to the outbreak of the Great War. Surrounded by equally fatuous and in some cases dishonest characters, including princes, loan sharks and beautiful women, Gastone cultivates his ambitions when a new student, Nannina, enrolls in his improvised dance school. It is not just a young and beautiful girl employed as a maid with nobles, but an excellent dancer, ambitious and determined. With her, Gaston deludes himself that he has finally found the new star of the club, the perfect dance partner. But, upon entering the scene, Gaston is suddenly taken to the police station for a complaint and Nannina, now known as Anna La Belle, performs alone and has a huge consensus. Thus began, a little by chance and a lot for talent and with the help of a famous impresario, the new solo career of Nannina, able in a short time to reach the highest fame performing in the most famous theaters and clubs in Europe. Missing the opportunity, Gaston proves unable to realize that the public's tastes have changed and that his glossy world is on the way to sunset. Now forgotten, disheartened and penniless, Gaston looks for the last chance by returning to perform in a second-rate club with Rosa, an old flame always devoted. But the last performance turns out to be a total fiasco and the bel danseur, reduced to poverty, has only a vain consolation left: to see Nannina again perhaps for one last time, thus leaving the scene convinced that he is, always and in any case, the most beautiful and desired. Cast Alberto Sordi as Gastone Anna Maria Ferrero as Nannina Vittorio De Sica as The Prince Paolo Stoppa as Achille Franca Marzi as Rosa Chelo Alonso as Carmencita Magali Noël as Sonia Tino Scotti as The Illusionist Angela Luce as Yvonne Nando Bruno as Michele Salvo Libassi as The Commissioner Mimmo Palmara as The Agent Mino Doro as Cavallini Linda Sini as Lucy Livio Lorenzon as Captain Negri Nanda Primavera as Donna Flora Anna Campori as The Singer References External links Gastone at Variety Distribution 1961 comedy films 1961 films Italian comedy films", "title": "Gastone (film)" }, { "docid": "22261694", "text": "Melissa Pam Gaston (née Ordway; born March 31, 1983) is an American actress and model. She has been featured in campaigns by a number of major brands including Skechers, Old Navy, David's Bridal, Anchor Blue and Tillys. She is best known for portraying Abby Newman on the CBS soap opera The Young and the Restless. In May 2022, she was nominated for an Emmy for Best Supporting Actress in a Daytime Drama for her portrayal of Abby Newman on The Young and the Restless. Early life Ordway was born in Atlanta, Georgia, an only child, to John and Christine Ordway. She began doing community theatre in Atlanta and also acting in theatre productions at her high school in Snellville, Georgia. She starred in the stage performances of Beauty and the Beast, The Women, A Midsummer Night's Dream, and many other shows. After graduating from high school, Ordway attended Georgia State University and is a member of the Delta Zeta sorority. While at Georgia State, Ordway was chosen to participate in a reality show on MTV called The Assistant. She won the show and moved to Los Angeles to pursue a career in acting and modeling. Career Modeling She is signed with Nous Model Management in Los Angeles and Front Management in Miami. She has been featured in campaigns for several brands including Skechers, Old Navy, David's Bridal, Anchor Blue. Tillys, Kirstie Kelly and Fabrizio Gianni. She has appeared in television commercials for Axe, Geico Cavemen, Pontiac Vibe, Carl's Jr. and Payless. She has also appeared on the cover Los Angeles Weddings Magazine, Grand Sierra Magazine and Hona Hou Magazine. She is featured as a frequent guest model on the game show The Price is Right including the week of October 7, 2015. Acting Melissa Ordway's first major acting part was the recurring roles of Jordanna on The CW television series Privileged. Ordway's feature film debut was in 17 Again. She has guest starred on such television shows as Entourage and How I Met Your Mother, as well as starring in several independent films including Callers, Tales of an Ancient Empire and I Heart Veronica Martin. In 2010, Ordway appeared in the film The Last Song as Ashley and guest starred on Melrose Place as Morgan McKellan. She starred in the fantasy thriller film Tales of an Ancient Empire. In 2011, she co-starred in Escapee and appeared in Ted directed by Seth MacFarlane. She was cast in the main role of Chloe Carter on the TeenNick series Hollywood Heights in 2012. In March 2013, Ordway was cast in the role of Abby Newman on the CBS soap opera The Young and the Restless, replacing previous actress Marcy Rylan. She also appeared in the 2013 supernatural thriller film Odd Thomas as Lysette. Personal life On September 22, 2012, she married actor Justin Gaston, whom she met during the filming of Escapee. In 2016, Justin and Melissa adopted their first child, a daughter named Olivia Christine, born April 2016. Melissa gave birth to", "title": "Melissa Ordway" }, { "docid": "43463756", "text": "Disney's Beauty and the Beast is a platform game for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System. Based on the 1991 Disney film of the same name, it was developed by Probe Entertainment and published by Hudson Soft in North America on July 1, 1994 and Europe on February 23, 1995, respectively. The game was published by Virgin Interactive in Japan on July 8, 1994. Gameplay The entire game is played through the perspective of the Beast. As the Beast, the player must get Belle to fall in love so that the curse cast upon him and his castle will be broken, she will marry him and become a princess. The final boss of the game is Gaston, a hunter who will try to steal Belle from the Beast. Reception On release, Famitsu reported that the game had received a 6 out of 10 in their Reader Cross Review. References 1994 video games Beauty and the Beast (franchise) video games Hudson Soft games Single-player video games Super Nintendo Entertainment System games Super Nintendo Entertainment System-only games Video games based on adaptations Video games developed in the United Kingdom Video games set in castles Video games set in France", "title": "Disney's Beauty and the Beast (SNES video game)" }, { "docid": "20454674", "text": "\"Beauty and the Beast\" is a song by the American singer-songwriter Stevie Nicks. It is the final track on her second album The Wild Heart, released in 1983. It was later released in a live version from Nicks 1986 Rock a Little tour as a B-side to the UK single \"Whole Lotta Trouble\" in October 1989. It also appears on two compilations: Timespace – The Best of Stevie Nicks, released in 1991, and the boxset, Enchanted, released in 1998. A new studio version appears on her album, The Soundstage Sessions, released in 2009. Inspiration and interpretations The song receives its titles and initial inspiration from French filmmaker Jean Cocteau's 1946 film Beauty and the Beast, one of Stevie Nicks' favorite classic films. Nicks explains the importance of the song to her, both during live performances and in various interviews, as one that encompasses her whole life and represents how everyone is either a beauty or a beast, usually both On its re-release in Timespace – The Best of Stevie Nicks (1991), she dedicates the song to Vincent and Catherine, of the late 80's television show, \"Beauty and the Beast.\" Studio session \"Beauty and the Beast\" was recorded during a single three-hour session in Gordon Perry's recording studio. It is recorded with a full string orchestra and grand piano. During the recording session, Stevie Nicks and her back-up vocalists wore long black gowns and served champagne to the visiting musicians. Personnel (1983 studio version) Main performers Stevie Nicks – vocals Roy Bittan – piano Sharon Celani – backup vocals Lori Perry – backup vocals String section Paul Buckmaster – arranger & conductor Gene Bianco – harp Jesse Levine – viola Julien Barber – viola Theodore Israel – viola Harry Zaratzian – viola Jesse Levy – cello Frederick Zlotkin – cello Seymour Barab – cello Jon Abramowitz – cello Marvin Morgenstern – violin Herbert Sorkin – violin John Pintavalle – violin Max Ellen – violin Regis Eandiorio – violin Harry Glickman – violin Peter Dimitriades – violin Paul Winter – violin Matthew Raimondi – violin Harry Cykman – violin Raymond Kunicki – violin Lewis Eley – violin Ruth Waterman – violin Paul Gershman – violin Personnel (2009 studio version) Main performers Stevie Nicks – vocals, producer Sharon Celani – backup vocals Lori Nicks – backup vocals Jana Anderson – backup vocals String section Eric Roth – conductor Janice MacDonald – flute Deb Stevenson – oboe Greg Flint – horn Christine Worthing – horn Guillaume Combet – violin Jennifer Cappelli – violin Carmen Llop-Kassinger – violin Christine Keiko Abe – violin Carol Cook – viola Jocelyn Davis-Beck – cello Eddie Bayers – drums Michael Rhodes – bass Joe Thomas – keyboards Live performance During her 2006 and 2007 tours, Stevie Nicks performed \"Beauty and the Beast\" as her encore. For this number, she changed into a black dress and styled her hair into an up-do to resemble Belle from the 1946 film. Footage from the film played in the background as well while", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (Stevie Nicks song)" }, { "docid": "46215653", "text": "Dan Chameroy (born November 12, 1970) is a Canadian actor. Personal life Raised by French parents in Edmonton, Dan started his career competing in vocal competitions in Canada and America. He is married to actress Christine Donato. They met in 1991 in the production of Les Misérables. They have one daughter. Theatre credits He made his Toronto stage debut in 1991 as part of the Canadian cast of Les Misérables at The Royal Alexandra Theatre. He is a Dora Award winner for his performance of Gaston in Disney's Beauty and the Beast at Princess of Wales Theatre Part of the Pre Broadway cast of The Drowsy Chaperone at the Winter Garden Theatre (Toronto) Has appeared in seven Ross Petty Pantomimes as his comic creation Plumbum at the Elgin Theatre (Toronto). Spent 14 seasons at The Stratford Festival playing a variety of roles. Has been a member of Soulpepper and The Shaw Festival ensembles and has worked across Canada and the United States. He appeared as Bobby in a production of Stephen Sondhiem's \"Company\" directed by Gary Griffin with a cast that included Brent Carver, Louise Pitre, Nia Vardalos and may other Canadian theatre luminaries. He played Agatha Trunchbull in the Toronto and US National tour of Matilda the Musical and received a Toronto Theatre Critics Award. In 2013, he played the title character in the Soulpepper Theatre Company's adaptation of The Barber of Seville. In 2017, Dan played Miss Trunchbull in the North American Tour of Matilda the Musical. In 2018, Dan returned to Stratford and played Dr. Frank-n-Furter in The Rocky Horror Show. The run was extended three times and completed its final performance on 2 December 2018, making it the longest running show in Stratford Festival history. In 2019 he appears as Jackie Elliot in Billy Elliot and Orin Scrivello the dentist in Little Shop of Horrors. He returned to Stratford in 2022 as Billy Flynn in Chicago. Dan is currently in playing Antipholus of Ephesus/Phil Sullivan in A Comedy Of Errors for the Chicago Shakespeare Theatre directed by Barbara Gaines and will next be seen as Count Carl-Magnus Malcolm in Little Night Music opposite Eric McCormack, Cynthia Dale, Chilina Kennedy and Fiona Reid. Television and film Dan created and stars in the web series Leer Estates on (stratfest@home). Season 2 is being released this summer 2023. Dan appeared in two seasons of Little Men on PaxTV as Laurie Lawrence, a philanthropist and husband to Amy March (Amy Price Francis) in the continuing stories of Louisa May Alcott's Little Women. He has had several reoccurring roles on television most recently The CW's Reign as Lord Lionel Byrd. Dan has been active in voice work. Credits include D.N. Ace, Go Away Unicorn!, PAW Patrol, Ranger Rob, Rusty Rivets, Norman Picklestripes, Fangbone!, The ZhuZhus, Ollie's Pack Oh No! It's an Alien Invasion, Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs, Looped, Babar and the Adventures of Badou, The Day My Butt Went Psycho, Thomas and Friends: All Engines Go! as Beresford in", "title": "Dan Chameroy" }, { "docid": "28471771", "text": "Gaston is a masculine given name or surname. It may also refer to: Places Gaston, California, an unincorporated community Fort Gaston, California, founded in 1859, abandoned in 1892 Gaston, Indiana, a town Gaston, North Carolina, a town Gaston County, North Carolina Gaston, Oregon, a city Gaston, South Carolina, a town Gaston, West Virginia, an unincorporated community A variant spelling of Gastun, present-day Bagras, a Crusader castle in Turkey Gaston (crater), an impact crater on the Moon Other uses Gaston (comics), a Belgian comic strip by André Franquin Gaston (climbing), the climbing technique named after Gaston Rébuffat Gaston (seal), a brown fur seal that escaped from the Prague Zoo during the 2002 European floods Gaston College, a community college in North Carolina \"Gaston\" (song), a song from Disney's Beauty and the Beast Tropical Storm Gaston, a number of named tropical cyclones", "title": "Gaston (disambiguation)" }, { "docid": "53642438", "text": "\"Days in the Sun\" is a song written by composer Alan Menken and lyricist Tim Rice for the musical fantasy film Beauty and the Beast (2017), a live-action adaptation of Disney's 1991 animated film of the same name. Rice and Menken developed the concept in 2007 during the first discussions about a remake. Performed by Adam Mitchell, Stanley Tucci, Ewan McGregor, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Ian McKellen, Emma Thompson, Emma Watson, Audra McDonald, and Clive Rowe, \"Days in the Sun\" is one of four songs added to the 2017 film. It was released on March 10, 2017, as part of the film's soundtrack. \"Days in the Sun\" is prominently featured in a flashback sequence about the death of the Beast's mother. In the lyrics, the Beast's servants and Belle reminisce about earlier parts of their lives. Serving as a replacement of the song \"Human Again\" from the stage adaptation of the original Disney film, it was regarded as a more sombre expression of the subject matter by music critics. An alternative version of \"Days in the Sun\", in which the Beast's mother sings a verse, was made available on the Blu-ray release; it was changed after a test audience confused Harriet Jones with Hattie Morahan, who played the mother and Agathe, respectively. Critical response to \"Days in the Sun\" was mixed; some critics praised its content while others questioned whether it was a necessary addition. Background and release In 2007, composer Alan Menken and lyricist Tim Rice developed the concept for \"Days in the Sun\" during early discussions about a possible live-action adaptation of Disney's 1991 animated film Beauty and the Beast. They wrote it during a meeting in London where Menken attended the West End opening for his musical Sister Act. Menken described the song as a lullaby that explores Belle, Beast, and his servants' memories of earlier parts of their lives; Rice approved of the idea as a way of expanding the characters' backgrounds and emphasizing their emotional connection with the audience. When describing his creative process, Menken said he prefers to conduct collaborations in-person; he said: \"I prefer to write face to face in the room, I want the feedback, where’s the title, the exposition, the architecture of the song.\" Menken produced the song while collaborating with Rice on the songwriting. \"Days in the Sun\" is one of four songs introduced in the 2017 live-action adaptation Beauty and the Beast; the others are \"Evermore\", \"Aria\", and \"How Does a Moment Last Forever\". Menken said he only wanted to create more material for the remake if \"it fe[lt] organic to the medium\". David Hoberman, who produced the 2017 film, thought \"Days in the Sun\" would earn Menken his ninth Academy Award for Best Original Song. A preview of \"Days in the Sun\" was released on February 17, 2017, along with a portion of Emma Thompson's performance of the 1991 song \"Beauty and the Beast\". \"Days in the Sun\" was considered for release as a single but director Bill Condon did", "title": "Days in the Sun" }, { "docid": "6239459", "text": "Beauty and the Beast: Live on Stage is a Broadway-style musical at the Theater of the Stars, on Sunset Boulevard, at Disney's Hollywood Studios, Walt Disney World. It is based on Disney's 1991 animated feature film Beauty and the Beast and opened on November 22, 1991, the same day the film was released. Two versions of the show have been presented since opening day. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, on August 2, 2020 a new show, Disney Society Orchestra and Friends, performed on the Theater of the Stars stage. On August 15, 2021, the Beauty and the Beast show reopened, with some modifications to the staging and choreography to account for the health and safety of the performers. Since then, the show has reverted to its pre-COVID, fully-staged format. Summary The original version opened on November 22, 1991, the same day the film was released. When the Theater of the Stars was moved in September 1993 (to make room for the construction of Sunset Boulevard), the show was temporarily moved to the Premiere Theater on New York Street. The show reopened in July 15, 1994, in the now-covered and newly rebuilt Theater of the Stars on Sunset Boulevard. The stage show changed considerably from the original version to the currently running version, causing it to more closely resemble the 1991 film of the same name. However, because the show is condensed to approximately 25 minutes, many cuts and edits are made. Also, while most of the soundtrack is pre-recorded, the actors playing Belle and Gaston are the only two that have live dialogue and singing parts. The show opens like the Broadway musical. An old beggar woman asks a spoiled and selfish prince if he will allow her to stay in his castle for the night from the bitter cold, in exchange for a single rose; to which the prince turns her away. Because his heart is cold, the old beggar woman punishes the prince by transforming him in to an ugly, scary, and hideous Beast. Everyone in the castle gets a punishing transformation as well. The prince can only break the spell by learning to love another, and earning their love in return, and failure to do so will doom him to \"remain a beast for all time\". Years later, Belle is walking in the quiet little French village where she lives. The other villagers agree that Belle is beautiful, but she is also no ordinary character. Gaston, the handsome young hunter of the town, boasts how he loves Belle and asks her to marry him (\"Belle\"/\"Gaston\") and she politely refuses. Soon though, \"under a series of mysterious circumstances\", Belle finds herself inside the Beast's enchanted castle. She is confronted by the magical castle inhabitants, Cogsworth the clock, Lumiere the candelabra, Mrs. Potts the teapot, and her son, Chip the teacup. Cogsworth thinks that they made a mistake by allowing Belle inside, but the others believe she could be the one to break the curse. So they throw her", "title": "Beauty and the Beast Live on Stage" }, { "docid": "72558452", "text": "Beauty and the Beast: A 30th Celebration (Original Soundtrack) is the soundtrack to the 2022 ABC television special of the same name. It featured all the songs performed in the television special, which included songs from the 1991 animated film as well as one from the 2017 live-action remake. New scores for the special were also composed for the special as well. The album was released on December 16, 2022 by Walt Disney Records. Background On July 5, 2022, a live-action/animation television special based on the 1991 film was announced with Hamish Hamilton directing. The film featured singer-songwriter H.E.R. as Belle, and Josh Groban as the Beast, with other characters, Joshua Henry, Rita Moreno, Martin Short, Shania Twain, and David Alan Grier were also featured in the film. All the characters perform renditions of the songs, including five from the original film: \"Belle\", \"Gaston\", \"Be Our Guest\", \"Something There\", \"Beauty and the Beast\" and \"The Mob Song\", while one from the 2017 film: \"Evermore\" was featured. \"Rose Petal Suite\", a score suite composed by Alan Menken for the special featuring the orchestra members and soloists were split into three pars. Part of the song \"Evermore\" was included in the second part of the featuring score suite. The album's pre-sales were announced on November 18, 2022, and was intended to be released on December 15, the same day as its special premiere on ABC, but was released a day later. It does not have a CD release and available only in digital formats. Track listing Reception Rolling Stone critic Paul Larisha added that the performance of the title track \"began with the charm of any princess adaptation, H.E.R. descending down a flight of candle-lit stairs into the ballroom arm in arm with Groban while her golden yellow dress cascaded around her. But halfway through the song, as the guests twirled around in monochromatic outfits, the singer slipped away, only to emerge seconds later with her hair let down and the fluff of her dress removed to make room for her stained-glass electric guitar. The original Belle could only dream of being this cool.\" About the other songs, that \"unsettling animations of Groban inside of an elaborate Beast costume with a chest area carved out for his head to poke through, were bolstered by the pair’s charismatic vocal performances\". Laura Harley of CinemaBlend praised the creative changes of the musical numbers to honor with the legacy of the original film. Jeremy Brown praised the \"amazing live performances of the songs\" but had reservations on Shania Twain's rendition of the title track with Alan Menken playing the piano, feeling that Celine Dion would sing the song, but Twain stepped on to vocalise the track owing to Dion's health issues, but nevertheless praised her rendition and felt that \"it was a nice tribute to the legendary Angela Lansbury who passed away earlier this year.\" Rob Price of Comic Watch said \"The songs were beautifully sung by the new cast members with some of the", "title": "Beauty and the Beast: A 30th Celebration (soundtrack)" }, { "docid": "7116434", "text": "Richard Grieve (born 25 January 1970) is an Australian actor, who has worked extensively in film, television, theatre and musical theatre, but is perhaps best known for his roles in the British soap Emmerdale, and two Australian television series, Neighbours and Home and Away. Career Australia Grieve was born in Melbourne, and began his career in 1988 studying drama and dance at Victoria University. He then completed his formal training in Sydney, at the National Institute of Dramatic Art (NIDA). He joined the cast of Neighbours in 1994, playing the part of Sam Kratz until 1996, when he joined Home and Away, playing Dr Lachlan Fraser. His other television credits include The Man From Snowy River, the series, Newlyweds, E Street, State Coroner and Wintertime for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. He has performed with the State theatre companies of Australia. He played Julian in the Melbourne Theatre Company's production of Molière's The Misanthrope, the role of Otto in Noël Coward's Design For Living for the Sydney Theatre Company, and Chavalier in The Will for the Harold Park Theatre, also by Molière. He has also performed in several musical theatre productions in Australia. He played Older Patrick in Mame, Greg Connell in the world premiere of The Boy From Oz, Prince Charming in Cinderella, and as Ovington in How To Succeed in Business Without Really Trying. England In October 2003, Grieve went to England to play the role of Gaston in Beauty & The Beast, and has since performed in the London premiere of Europe by Australian playwright Michael Gow at the Finborough Theatre, and in a showcase of the new musical Paradise by the Dashboard Lights. He toured the UK in a new stage production of Dial M For Murder by Frederick Knott, and also appeared in the lead role of Frederick Winterbourne in Daisy Miller, directed by Christopher Morahan. In 2005, he filmed a cameo in London for Neighbours' 20th Anniversary. In 2006, he guest starred as James Clarke, a Forge operative, in the Doctor Who audio adventure, The Gathering and then as Major Brogan in the spin-off series I, Davros: Innocence. He appeared in the world premiere of Teen Scream at the Theatre Royal, Lincoln and also at the 2006 Edinburgh Festival. From September to December 2006, Grieve toured the UK as the character of John Brotherston in the play There's No Place Like A Home. Grieve toured the UK in Footloose, based on the hit 1980s film of the same name. He played Reverend Moore. He played Tick/Mitzi Del Bra in Priscilla: Queen of the Desert - The musical at the Palace Theatre in London. Grieve later played the lead role of Bernadette in the musical on tour. Emmerdale In February 2007 Grieve made a television comeback when he landed the role of farrier Jonny Foster in the rural-based British soap opera Emmerdale. His character set his sights on barman Paul Lambert, played by actor Matthew Bose, almost immediately on arrival and the two were together for", "title": "Richard Grieve" }, { "docid": "7642020", "text": "\"A Change in Me\" is a song written by composer Alan Menken and lyricist Tim Rice for the musical Beauty and the Beast, a stage adaptation of Disney's 1991 animated film of the same name. The song was written specifically for American singer Toni Braxton when she joined the production to play the role of Belle in 1998, four years into the musical's run. Menken and Rice wrote \"A Change in Me\" to appease Braxton after Rice promised the singer, who was hesitant to sign her contract, that he would write an entirely new song for her to perform in the musical on the condition that she finally agree to play Belle. Appearing during the show's second act, Belle sings \"A Change in Me\" to her father Maurice after reuniting with him to explain how much she has matured and changed for the better while she was imprisoned at the Beast's castle. Immediately popular among critics and audiences, the pop ballad has been positively received since Braxton debuted it, remaining part of the show's set list ever since. Actress Susan Egan, who originated the role of Belle in 1994, recorded the first studio version of \"A Change in Me\" in 2002 for her debut studio album So Far; her cover was the song's first English-language recording. Background Composer Alan Menken and lyricist Tim Rice had already written six original songs for the stage adaptation of Beauty and the Beast, most of which focus on character development, including a solo for Belle entitled \"Home\". In July 1998, American R&B singer Toni Braxton entered final negotiations to make her Broadway debut as Belle in Beauty and the Beast, replacing actress Kim Huber in the role. Despite having initial reservations due to the singer's reputation as a sex symbol, director Robert Jess Roth eventually concluded that Braxton would offer an \"interesting\" interpretation of Belle after first meeting with her to discuss the role and observing similarities between Braxton's own personality and the character's. Once Roth forwarded his approval of the singer's casting to Disney, the studio began collaborating with Braxton's management on developing a contract stipulating that the singer would appear in the show for a three-month period. However, various circumstances resulted in Braxton continuously delaying to sign the contract until she met for dinner with Menken, Rice and choreographer Matt West; Roth was out of town at the time and unable to attend due to scheduling conflicts. A few days after their dinner, Braxton telephoned Ross to confirm that she had finally signed the contract; this was the first time Ross learned that Rice had apparently promised Braxton that he would write an entirely new song for her to sing in the musical if she agreed to sign the paperwork. Panicked, Ross immediately contacted Rice, who confirmed that he had in fact agreed to write a song for Braxton, blaming himself for having consumed too much alcohol during their dinner. Rice asked Ross to allow him 24 hours to review the musical", "title": "A Change in Me" }, { "docid": "34516325", "text": "Earl Carpenter (born 9 May 1970) is an English musical theatre actor and singer, recognized chiefly for his work in London’s West End. He is known for his performances as Inspector Javert in the stage musical Les Misérables and as the title character in The Phantom of the Opera, both roles he has played on and off for two decades. He is widely known for his rich, deep baritone singing voice. In 1995, he made his West End debut as a Javert understudy in Les Misérables. In 2003, he became the standby for the role of The Phantom in The Phantom of the Opera and two years later was promoted to the principal actor for the role replacing John Owen-Jones for two years before being replaced by Ramin Karimloo. In 2008, he returned to the West End production of Les Misérables as the principal Inspector Javert and also played the role a year later on the 25th Anniversary UK Tour. 2011 and 2012 saw Carpenter reprise his roles of both the Phantom and Inspector Javert in the West End productions of each show, he also played The Phantom in the 25th Anniversary UK Tour in 2012, replacing John Owen-Jones, who left the tour in September. In 2015, Carpenter returned to the West End production of The Phantom of the Opera in March as an emergency cover for the Phantom, he returned to Les Misérables two months later in the second Broadway revival reprising his role of Inspector Javert, he also played the role in 2013 and 2016 in new productions in Canada, the Philippines and Singapore. He understudied Michael Ball and Bradley Jaden when they played Javert in the 2019/2020/2021 West End concerts of Les Misérables as well as understudying the role in the 2021 UK/Ireland tour. He returned to his role of The Phantom in 2023 replacing Killian Donnelly for two months in the West End production before being replaced by Jon Robyns. He had the part of The Bishop of Digne in Les Misérables in Concert: The 25th Anniversary at the O2 Arena and in Les Misérables: The Staged Concert at the Gielgud Theatre and Sondheim Theatre. He also played the Auctioneer in The Phantom of the Opera at the Royal Albert Hall. Carpenter played The Beast in the closing cast of the original West End production of Beauty and the Beast, he also played Joe Gillis and Gaston in the UK tours of Sunset Boulevard and Beauty and the Beast as well as Monsieur André in the Italian tour of The Phantom of the Opera. He is also known for his work in Ginger Boy Productions. In 2018, he funded and produced a production of Disney's Peter Pan Jnr at the Regent Centre in Christchurch, Dorset. Training Jellicoe Theatre, Bournemouth and Poole College Poole College of Further Education Television As part of the 25th anniversary of The Phantom of the Opera, Earl performed the title song at The Royal Variety Performance – held in The Lowry, Manchester", "title": "Earl Carpenter" }, { "docid": "33649257", "text": "Igor Sinyutin (; born 3 January 1974) is a Russian former competitive figure skater. He is the 1995 Grand Prix International St. Gervais silver medalist and 1996 Nebelhorn Trophy bronze medalist. Sinyutin presently coaches in Spain. Career Competitive career Sinyutin started skating in 1980 in Kuybyshev (now Samara), Russia, with first coach Lyubov Zgirova. In 1986, he moved to a different sport club, \"Kriliya Sovetov\", and started working with coach Galina Belyashova and choreographer Tatiana Mihalkina. Show career In 1998, Sinyutin joined Feld Entertainment. He began as a chorus skater in \"Wizard of Oz on Ice\" until 2000. From 2000 to 2004 he performed in Disney on Ice ice shows. He played the principal role of the Beast in Beauty and the Beast and understudy of Gaston. He also played the principal role of Woody in \"Toy Story 2\". In 2004–05, he performed in Royal Caribbean International's \"Adventures of the Seas\" and \"Mariner of the Seas\". In May 2005, he returned to Disney on Ice to perform in The Incredibles in Disneyland Adventures, playing the main role of Mr. Incredible until April 2009. Coaching career In October 2009, Sinyutin started his coaching career with Aramon Club Hielo Jaca in Jaca, Spain. In 2011, he received his coaching level 2 certificate. He served as the coach and choreographer of Spanish skaters Marta García (senior and junior level) and Victoria Rodriguez (novice level). In 2013, Sinyutin joined Hielo Bipolo, a club in Vitoria-Gasteiz, as the director of its figure skating division. Competitive highlights References Living people Russian figure skating coaches Russian male single skaters Sportspeople from Samara, Russia 1974 births", "title": "Igor Sinyutin" }, { "docid": "60928981", "text": "Enchanted Tale of Beauty and the Beast (Japanese: 美女と野獣 “魔法のものがたり”) is a trackless dark ride at Tokyo Disneyland based on Disney's Beauty and the Beast (1991). It opened on September 28, 2020. The attraction opened as part of the Tokyo Disneyland Expansion in 2020, the largest expansion in the history of Tokyo Disneyland. The new section adds around 4.7 hectares to the theme park. Summary Enchanted Tale of Beauty and the Beast is one of the largest and most technically complex attractions ever created by Walt Disney Imagineering. It is a unique musical attraction that uses trackless ride vehicles which take park guests though the memorable musical numbers from the animated film, Beauty and the Beast (1991 film), allowing them to dance around and through the show scenes. History On October 14, 2016, The Oriental Land Company (OLC) announced they would close Grand Circuit Raceway and open \"Beauty and the Beast\" theme area with a budget of 32 billion yen. The construction started on April 5, 2017. It was scheduled to open Spring 2020, however it got delayed due to COVID-19 pandemic in Japan and opened on September 28, 2020. Exterior Enchanted Tale of Beauty and the Beast is one of the most technologically advanced attractions at Tokyo Disney Resort. The Imagineers created a 108-foot-tall castle, with over 100 pieces of architectural ornamentation. Technology This attraction is an E-ticket and features 35 electric Audio-Animatronics figures and a trackless ride system that includes both a transport base and an on-board motion base that simulates a wide variety of dance moves. The climax of the attraction uses a Pepper's Ghost illusion that includes projection mapping on an animated figure that moves on the end of an invisible robotic arm through three-dimensional space while spinning 360 degrees. Layout Pre-Show The pre-show takes place inside a large hall. A stained glass window shows the story of how the Prince became the Beast. After this, Audio-Animatronics figures of Belle and the Beast briefly interact before the Beast roars in loneliness. The doors open and guests enter the loading area. Ride Once guests are seated, the tea cups whisk guests into the dining room where “Be Our Guest” begins to play. As the song progresses, more dinnerware begins to appear on the table, along with dancing plates in the cabinets. Once the sequence finishes, the cabinets close up and guests proceed to the next scene. The tea cups are now in the Courtyard, where “Something There” is now playing as Belle pets Philippe and the Beast watches. When the guests first enter the room the Beast is holding one bird perched on his right hand. While guests' vehicles dance around the room, it is revealed that he has a bunch of birds in his left hand. The Beast figures laughs and smiles realistically. Leaving the scene, guests enter a hallway where Belle and the Beast are on a balcony. A curtain behind them closes and a loud knock is heard. From the windows on the opposite", "title": "Enchanted Tale of Beauty and the Beast" }, { "docid": "4206415", "text": "Disney's Sing Me a Story with Belle is an American live-action/animated television series created by Patrick Davidson and Melissa Gould. The series features Belle from Disney's 1991 animated feature film Beauty and the Beast, who now owns and manages the bookshop in the village. She is usually greeted by children who would like to hear a story. Belle interacts with the children and narrates vintage Disney animated shorts while doing activities around the bookstore. The series premiered on September 8, 1995, on Disney Channel. Development According to Ken Weiner, vice president at Buena Vista Television, using vintage Disney animated shorts allows the show to present a higher quality of animation than would normally be feasible in an educational show that would meet the Federal Communications Commission's E/I standards. By early 1995, it was said that the show would present two short films per episode (with updated music and voices), which Belle and the children would sometimes interrupt for discussion purposes or to \"test cognitive abilities\". Plot Belle (Lynsey McLeod) lives in France and owns her own book and music shop after marrying her Prince. Helping her at the bookstore are Lewis and Carroll, two magical bookworms, Harmony the Cat and Big Book, a large talking book on a book stand. The bookstore is visited by local children to whom Belle will sing songs and tell stories, usually with a moral relating to something that's happened that day. The show's format bears resemblance to Adventures in Wonderland in nature with some valuable lessons borrowed from Sesame Street like never giving up and working together. Clips from vintage Disney cartoons would often be used to illustrate the stories, including: Mickey's Rival The Cookie Carnival Goliath II Winnie the Pooh and the Honey Tree Music Land Cast Lynsey McLeod - Belle from Beauty and the Beast Tim Goodwin - Brioche Jacob Chase - Jacob Kirsten Storms - Kirsten Shawn Pyfrom - Shawn Hampton Dixon - 'Little' Hampton Jennifer Jesse - Jennifer Natalie Trott - Natalie Julie Vanlue - Julie Kerry Anne Bradford - Kerry Anne Chris Robles - Chris J. J. Ward - J. J. Lindsay Louie - Lindsay Trevor Mann - Trevor Holly Arnstein - Holly Victoria Gregson - Victoria Justin Chapman - Justin Crysta Macalush - Crysta Faryn Einhorn - Faryn Corey Hayes - Corey Thea Cabreros - Thea Kristian Truelsen - Uncle Zack Wolf Bauer - Gaston (1 episode, \"What's Inside Counts\") Cyndi Vicino - Inez Mary Pat Gleason - Madame Soufflé Lindsey Alley - Miss Woohoo Voices Mary Kay Bergman - Fifi, Hansel & Gretel, Elf, Witch Christine Cavanaugh - Carroll the Book Worm Jeff Conover - Harmony the Cat Jim Cummings - Big Book, Lewis the Book Worm Wayne Allwine - Mickey Mouse Tony Anselmo - Donald Duck Bill Farmer - Goofy, Pluto, Practical Pig Russi Taylor - Minnie Mouse Maurice LaMarche - Mortimer Mouse, Joe Giraffe Tress MacNeille - Lambs, Tillie Tiger Corey Burton - Ghosts Will Ryan - Willie the Giant TBA - The Golden Harp", "title": "Sing Me a Story with Belle" }, { "docid": "24409437", "text": "Steve Blanchard (born December 4, 1958) is an American stage actor and singer best known for his musical theatre roles, being most closely associated with the role of The Beast in the musical Beauty and the Beast, which he played on Broadway for eight years. In recent years, he has played the role of \"Pa\" in several regional theatre productions of the musical version of Little House on the Prairie. He also played Pulitzer in Disney's Touring Broadway show Newsies and Newsies Live. He also guest stars in television roles and released Northbound Train, a solo CD where he sings songs from shows that he has been in. Early life and career Blanchard was born in [York, Pennsylvania ] He attended the University of Maryland. Blanchard is an alum of the Columbia Center for Theatrical Arts. After college, Blanchard performed in dinner theatre. In 1981, he played the title role in Hans Christian Andersen in New York City. After this, he appeared in productions in The Threepenny Opera in Boston at the Charles Playhouse; in Sleep of Reason at Baltimore's Center stage; in Godspell and Hot Mikado at the Ford's Theatre in Washington, DC; in The Robber Bridegroom at the West End in Virginia; and in Jesus Christ Superstar at the Candlewood Playhouse. He understudied Brent Spiner as Aramis in the 1984 Broadway revival of The Three Musketeers, but the show closed after a week, and Blanchard did not get the opportunity to perform the role. Broadway and later roles Blanchard's first Broadway appearance was in the role of Lancelot du Lac in the 1993 revival of Camelot and subsequent national tour. He then starred in the musical Beauty and the Beast as Gaston and the Beast, playing the latter role on Broadway for eight years, ending in 2007. Blanchard toured in the U.S. National companies of A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum in 1987, Ken Hill's Phantom of the Opera in 1989 (in which he performed for almost three years), and Camelot in 1992. Off-Broadway, Blanchard originated the role of Johnny in the musical version of Johnny Guitar at the Century Center for the Performing Arts in March 2004. He appeared in the off-Broadway musical Frankenstein, a New Musical, in 2007 as the Condemned Man/the Creature. He also appeared in An Oak Tree off-Broadway. On national tours, Blanchard played Joseph Pulitzer on the first national tour of Newsies with his wife, Meredith Inglesby (Hannah). He began the tour when it kicked off on October 22, 2014 in Schenectady, NY and continued to play the role until its close on October 02, 2016 in Austin, TX. In regional theatre, he appeared in the musical Chess as Freddie Trumper at the Paper Mill Playhouse, Millburn, New Jersey in 1992. In the mid-1990s, he appeared St. Louis Rep's Esmeralda, Westbury's Annie Get Your Gun and Atlanta's South Pacific. In 1995, he played the roles of \"Fred Anderson\" and the \"Headless Ghost\" in Alan Menken's version of A Christmas", "title": "Steve Blanchard" }, { "docid": "44442549", "text": "Claybourne Elder (born April 21, 1982) is an American actor, singer, and writer who is best known for his work on television and on Broadway. Biography Elder is from Springville, Utah. His mother is a schoolteacher and father a carpenter, and he is the youngest of eight siblings. At an early age he played violin in the school orchestra. Elder studied acting at the Moscow Klasse Centre in Russia before attending Brigham Young University and the University of Utah. He earned a degree in dramaturgy and directing from The University of Utah. Elder received rave reviews and was nominated for a Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Leading Actor in A Play for originating the role of \"Ollie Olson\" in One Arm directed by Moisés Kaufman. He was nominated for a 2015 Lucille Lortel Award for Outstanding Leading Actor in a Musical for Allegro at Classic Stage. He originated the roles of \"Buck Barrow\" in Bonnie & Clyde, \"Hollis Bessemer\" in Stephen Sondheim's Road Show and \"Michael Victor\" in Venice. He played the Soldier/Alex and understudied Jake Gyllenhaal in the Broadway revival of Sunday in the Park with George, which opened in February 2017. He also played the role in the concert performances in October 2016 at New York City Center. Elder can be heard on the cast recordings of Bonnie & Clyde, Road Show, Venice and Sunday in the Park with George. Elder guest-starred as Pete O'Malley in the second season of The CW's The Carrie Diaries. Regionally, Elder played George in Sunday in the Park with George at the Signature Theatre, Arlington, Virginia, in 2014. On Broadway, Elder played the role of Andy in the 2021 revival of Stephen Sondheim's musical Company. Elder played Gaston in the 2023 production of Beauty and the Beast at The Muny. Filmography Personal life Elder and director Eric Rosen were married on July 28, 2012, in New York State. In 2017, they had a son through surrogacy. In 2022, many news outlets reported a human interest story about Elder. In 2007, as a 23-year-old aspiring actor visiting New York City, he was in the standing-room section of the Broadway musical The 25th Annual Putnam County Spelling Bee when a stranger approached him, noted his obvious enthusiasm for theater, gave him $200, and told him to spend it the next night on a ticket to a revival of Stephen Sondheim's Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street. Elder did see that show and considered it—and the stranger's kindness—to be the factors that helped him decide to move to New York and pursue acting. By 2022 Elder was starring on Broadway in a different Sondheim revival, Company, alongside Patti LuPone, one of the stars of the Sweeney Todd production that so affected the course of Elder's career; at the same time, Elder was also starring in the HBO series The Gilded Age with Michael Cerveris, who had played the title role in that Sweeney Todd revival. Elder was reunited with Mark Howell, the stranger", "title": "Claybourne Elder" }, { "docid": "58892051", "text": "Roberto Pedicini (born 18 January 1962) is an Italian actor and voice actor. Biography Born in Benevento from humble parents, Pedicini and his family moved to Pescara when he was young. Still a teenager, he made most of his living as a wandering street performer, singing while accompanying himself with the guitar, and gained experience as a radio host. In 1980, he moved to Rome and entered a career of acting and dubbing. He was soon cast as a voice actor in many roles, while his onscreen acting debut happened 8 years later, in Lamberto Bava's horror cable series Brivido Giallo. Pedicini is best known as a voice dubber, serving as the official Italian voice actor of Jim Carrey and Kevin Spacey; he also regularly dubs Woody Harrelson, Javier Bardem, Ralph Fiennes, Temuera Morrison and Ricky Gervais in most of their movies. He has also provided voice acting work for the radio industry and audiobooks. In Pedicini's animated roles, he has dubbed both Sylvester the Cat and the Tasmanian Devil from 1996 until 2022 and has been the official Italian voice of Goofy since 1999 (replacing Vittorio Amandola), as well as Timon in most of his cartoons, Phoebus in The Hunchback of Notre Dame, Hopper in A Bug's Life and Gaston in Beauty and the Beast, also voicing Scarpa in the Italian animated film La freccia azzurra, known in English as How the Toys Saved Christmas. He has even dubbed characters in video games. In 2015, Pedicini took part in Jordan Ledy's documentary about the Italian dubbing industry, It's Better in Italian, and performed Stanley Kubrick's off-screen voice in S Is for Stanley. Since 2018 he has announced the David di Donatello awards ceremony. Filmography Television Cinema Documentaries Music videos Voice work Dubbing Animation Sylvester and Taz in Looney Tunes, Merrie Melodies, and Bugs Bunny's Looney Christmas Tales 1995 Italian redubs, Space Jam, Tweety's High-Flying Adventure, Looney Tunes: Back in Action, Bah, Humduck! A Looney Tunes Christmas, The Looney Tunes Show, New Looney Tunes, Looney Tunes Cartoons, Space Jam: A New Legacy Goofy in Disney productions since 1999 Timon in The Lion King II: Simba's Pride, Timon & Pumbaa, The Lion Guard, Disney's House of Mouse Launchpad McQuack in Raw Toonage, Darkwing Duck, last two episodes of DuckTales, Disney's House of Mouse Gaston in Beauty and the Beast, Disney's House of Mouse Phoebus in The Hunchback of Notre Dame, The Hunchback of Notre Dame II Genie in Aladdin (animated TV series), Disney's House of Mouse Stan Taylor, City Inspector, Roy Snyder (episode 13x08) and Ricky Gervais (episode 22x14) in The Simpsons Patrick Swayze, Goofy and John McClane / Bruce Willis in Family Guy (season 8) Moses and God in The Prince of Egypt Vega in Street Fighter II V Hopper in A Bug's Life Alucard in Hellsing Bowler Hat Guy in Meet the Robinsons Ebenezer Scrooge in A Christmas Carol Megamind in Megamind Jake in Free Birds Tui in Moana Memphis in Happy Feet Kent Powers in Quack Pack Moto", "title": "Roberto Pedicini" }, { "docid": "23606538", "text": "Josh Rhett Noble (born September 6, 1980) is an American stage, television, film and voice actor. Noble is known for his role as Gaston in Disney's Beauty and the Beast in theaters across the country, various guest star roles in television including stints in Law & Order: SVU, The Wonder Years and the Jay-Z produced TIME: The Kalief Browder Story and for providing voice and motion capture for the Rockstar produced video game Red Dead Redemption 2. He is the recipient of the 2011 BroadwayWorld Award for Best Actor in a Musical for his portrayal of Matthew in Altar Boyz as well as the 2013 BroadwayWorld Award for Best Actor in a Play for his portrayal of Adam in Next Fall. Biography Early life Noble was born at Crawford Long Hospital in Atlanta, Georgia. The son of the late Janet Brown Noble and the late Lamar Noble, Josh grew up in the small town of Tallapoosa, Georgia along with his older brother, Jason. As a 6-year-old performer, he graduated from entertaining his family and friends to the stage with the community’s production of Down by the Creek Bank. Noble attended Haralson County High School, where he continued to perform locally and abroad, and was awarded the Lisa Bowlin Abney Performing Arts Memorial Award for Excellence in the Arts. Graduating Salutatorian, an honor graduate, and voted \"Most Intellectual\", Noble studied musical theatre and film at the University of Miami. Career Noble's theatre career has spanned over 70 professional productions in theaters across the U.S. Noble won acclaim for his work as Gaston in Disney's Beauty and the Beast beginning in 2004, and while in the Cleveland, Ohio, production of the show, he was called the \"show-stealer\" and \"phenomenal\". Noble has also starred as Matthew in the Atlanta, Georgia, and Cleveland, Ohio, premiers of Altar Boyz, for which he also received critical acclaim. For the Atlanta production, Noble was hailed as the leader of the \"marvelous\" cast. In Cleveland, Noble was called \"spot on\", and the \"singing standout\" of the show. In 2010, Noble reprised the role of Matthew in Cleveland, Ohio at the Hanna Theatre in Playhouse Square where he was awarded the 2011 BroadwayWorld Award for Best Actor in a Musical. In addition to his work in Beauty and the Beast and Altar Boyz, Noble has performed in multiple regional premieres, including his BroadwayWorld Award Winning performance in Next Fall (Adam) and the Florida regional premiere of 9 to 5 (Franklin Hart, Jr.). Other notable performances include shows such as Company (Bobby), Forever Plaid (Sparky/Smudge), Camelot (Lancelot), Godspell (Judas), The Sound of Music (Captain von Trapp), The Pajama Game (Sid), The Fantasticks (Matt), Jekyll & Hyde (Stride/Utterson), Little Shop of Horrors (Audrey II Voice), Guys and Dolls (Sky), The Music Man (Harold), Grease (Kenickie) and Lend Me a Tenor (Max). Noble was also seen in the world premiere of the play OSWALD, based on the interrogation of suspected presidential assassin Lee Harvey Oswald, which played at the Richmond Shepard Theatre", "title": "Josh Rhett Noble" }, { "docid": "69812494", "text": "Marcílio Henrique Tavares Gonçalves (born 28 August 1991), better known as Ricky Tavares, is a Brazilian actor and model. Life and career Tavares was born in Brasília, and moved to Rio de Janeiro with his family during childhood. His siblings Juliana Xavier and Dharck Tavares are also actors. His cousin Tiago Santiago is a telenovela author and director. Tavares studied at the drama school O Tablado. He began his artistic career in the theater, at age 16, playing the hunter Gaston in the play Beauty and the Beast. Still in the theater, he was in Pintando o Sete and The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. His first television appearance was in 2009 in the telenovela Promessas de Amor on RecordTV with the character Aurélio Pitini (Pit). In the same year, he played the character Rodrigo in TV Globo's Malhação ID. In 2013, the actor played his first leading role in the miniseries José do Egito. Tavares joined the cast of several other soap operas, as well as Vidas em Jogo, A Terra Prometida, Jesus, Gênesis, among others. The artist also appears in the Netflix original series Maldivas. For seven years, Tavares was in a relationship with actress Marcela Barrozo. The couple broke up in 2019. Filmography Television Film Internet Theater References External links Living people Actors from Brasília Brazilian male television actors Brazilian male telenovela actors Brazilian male stage actors Brazilian male models Brazilian male child actors 1991 births", "title": "Ricky Tavares" }, { "docid": "53588610", "text": "\"Evermore\" is a song written by composer Alan Menken and lyricist Tim Rice for the musical fantasy film Beauty and the Beast (2017), a live-action remake of Disney's 1991 animated film of the same name. Originally recorded for the film by English actor Dan Stevens, who performs the song in his starring role as the eponymous Beast, \"Evermore\" was first released as a single by American singer Josh Groban on March 3, 2017. Stevens' version became available on March 10, 2017 when the film's soundtrack was released online, while Groban's cover is played during the film's closing credits. In the animated film, the Beast barely sings because Menken and original Beauty and the Beast lyricist Howard Ashman had not been able to determine a moment in the film during which it would have been appropriate for the character to perform his own song. Initially, Menken had especially wanted the Beast to perform \"If I Can't Love Her\", a song he and Rice had written for the character to sing in the stage adaptation of the animated film, in the remake, but ultimately decided that an entirely new song that establishes that the Beast has finally learned how to love instead would be more suitable due to the film's three-act structure. \"Evermore\" is a somber Broadway-influenced power ballad; its lyrics explore themes such as true love, heartbreak, loneliness and sacrifice. In Beauty and the Beast, \"Evermore\" is performed by the Beast shortly after he releases Belle from the castle so that she may return to the village and aid her father. Despite knowing that freeing her will further jeopardize his chances of becoming human again, the Beast realizes he loves Belle and ultimately sacrifices his own happiness in return for hers. Critical reception towards \"Evermore\" has been mostly positive, with both film and music critics dubbing it the best of the remake's original songs amidst comparisons to \"If I Can't Love Her\". Critics frequently recognized Stevens among the cast's best vocalists and agreed that \"Evermore\" was a strong contender for a Best Original Song nomination at the 90th Academy Awards, however it was not nominated for the category. Writing and recording Director Bill Condon had originally envisioned including most songs from the Broadway musical adaptation of Beauty and the Beast in the remake. However, Disney ultimately decided to recruit composer Alan Menken and lyricist Tim Rice to write entirely new songs for the film instead. Original Beauty and the Beast composer Menken reunited with Rice, with whom he had previously collaborated on Disney's animated film Aladdin (1992), to write three new songs for the remake. Rice once again replaced original Beauty and the Beast lyricist Howard Ashman, who had died shortly before the animated film's release, similar to the manner in which he replaced the lyricist to aid Menken in writing new material for the 1994 stage adaptation. Menken believes the songs he and Rice had written for the stage musical would not have translated well to the screen due to", "title": "Evermore (song)" }, { "docid": "76693275", "text": "Beauty and the Beast is a 1986 studio album by Mark Murphy. Beauty and the Beast is the 24th album by American jazz vocalist Mark Murphy. It was recorded when Murphy was 53 years old and released by the Muse Records label in the United States in 1986. The recording is a collection of songs by jazz composers and standard ballads from the Great American Songbook. Murphy contributes lyrics to three songs on the album. Background Originally conceived as \"Mark Murphy Sings the Jazz Composers\", Murphy had been planning the album in early 1985, and was able to record it in September of that year. The original release did not include \"Spring Friend\" and \"Memphis Blues\", tracks 10 and 5, respectively, but they were included on a subsequent release in France on Vogue Records. In November 1986 \"Poem: Beauty and the Beast\" and \"Vocalise\" (tracks 1 and 9) were recorded. Murphy considered himself a rhythm singer and preferred working with pianists with a strong rhythmic sensibility. Murphy said, \"This rambling stuff with no rhythm, I don't consider jazz. I miss Erroll Garner like crazy. I use a lot of wonderful pianists as accompanists all over the world. I get tired of Bill Evans clones who have decided that they're going to lay back all their lives. I look around for a pulse and I don't get it, so I have to do all the work\". So working with Bill Mays was ideal for him. Mays had previously worked with a diverse group of singers including Sarah Vaughan, Barry Manilow, Marlena Shaw, Maxine Weldon, Jaye P. Morgan, Andy Williams, Leonard Cohen, Larry Gatlin, Dionne Warwick, and The Manhattan Transfer, and would go on to work with many more including Frank Sinatra, Anita O'Day and Al Jarreau. Recording Murphy is assisted by a quintet that includes keyboardist Bill Mays, trumpeter Brian Lynch and violinist Lou Lausche, a friend from Cincinnati. Mays explained to Murphy biographer Peter Jones in the book This is Hip: The Life of Mark Murphy that for Beauty and the Beast he had a small budget that would only allow for a rhythm section and two soloists. This is the second of four Murphy records with Mays on Muse Records. Mays had previously produced, arranged, conducted and played keyboard on Murphy's 1981 Bop for Kerouac, and would go on to produce, arrange and play keyboard on the 1989 Murphy album Kerouac, Then and Now, and play on the 1991 album One for Junior with Sheila Jordan. Bassist Steve LaSpina's wife went into labor during the recording and Michael Formanek was called in to complete the session recording. LaSpina would also return to play bass on Keuoac, Then and Now and later on the 2000 Some Time Ago release by Murphy. The album features frequent scat singing and improvisations by Murphy. \"Beauty and the Beast\" was written by Wayne Shorter for his 1975 album Native Dancer. Murphy recites the words he wrote to Wayne Shorter's \"Beauty and the Beast\" before", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (Mark Murphy album)" }, { "docid": "72524006", "text": "Beauty and the Beast is the cast album performed by the original Broadway cast members from the 1994 Disney stage musical Beauty and the Beast, with music by Alan Menken, lyrics by Howard Ashman and Tim Rice, and a book by Linda Woolverton. It is adapted from Walt Disney Pictures' 1991 animated musical film of the same name, which in turn had been based on the classic French fairy tale by Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont. The cast album was released on CD and cassette formats, and further re-issued on digital formats in 1999. Background Eight of the film's original songs that were retained for the Broadway adaptation. Menken, who had both scored and written the film's songs alongside lyricist Ashman, returned to the project to write six new songs for the musical; those were co-written by Tim Rice, replacing Ashman who had died in 1991, before the film was released. The album featured much of the musical numbers, and alternate versions of the songs. The new musical tracks, include \"Human Again\", which had originally been written for the film, but ultimately abandoned due to time and story constraints; this number was featured in the 2002 special edition of the film. The track \"A Change in Me\" was written for specifically for R&B singer Toni Braxton, when she joined the Broadway production to play Belle in 1998. This track was however, not included in the Broadway or of the subsequent cast recordings. However, Susan Egan who played Belle had included it in her 2002 album So Far.... Reception Peter Fawthrop of AllMusic summarized, \"There may not have been reason to own the Broadway Cast Recording, aside from being a fan of Susan Egan's (voice of Belle), if not for these extra songs. Each one could have fit in perfectly with the film — they aren't simply shoveled in as bonuses, but make the whole picture bigger and fuller. Every major character has their own new song, the standout being \"Home,\" which is sung by Belle upon arriving at the Beast's castle. \"Me,\" sung by the handsome and evil Gaston, is a boisterous love song to himself, stuffed with witty lines like \"women can have their uses too/mainly to extend the family tree.\" Even the Beast has his solo moment with the dark, mournful ballad \"If I Can't Love Her.\" The household objects who gave Disney World a new theme of \"Be Our Guest,\" reveal their longings to return to human form in \"Human Again,\" the only new song which was written by Howard Ashman. There is something for all fans here, even those who prefer the clear-cut original versions and voices from the animated film.\" Track listing Personnel Credits adapted from CD liner notes. Cast Narrator – David Ogden Stiers Belle – Susan Egan Beast – Terrence Mann Gaston – Burke Moses LeFou – Kenny Raskin Lumière – Gary Beach Mrs. Potts – Beth Fowler Cogsworth – Heath Lamberts Maurice – Tom Bosley Babette – Stacey Logan Chip – Brian Press", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (Original Broadway Cast Recording)" }, { "docid": "63906031", "text": "Craig Irvin is an American operatic baritone. Irvin did his undergraduate study at the Simpson College, in Indianola Iowa, before completing his graduate work at The University of Tennessee. During his graduate studies, he performed with the Knoxville Opera as Basilio in Il Barbiere di Siviglia and as a soloist in Verdi's Requiem with the Elmhurst Symphony Orchestra. He has performed in many leading opera houses both nationally and internationally, including premiering the role of Lieutenant Horstmayer in Kevin Puts and Minnesota Opera's acclaimed and Pulitzer Prize winning Silent Night “I’ve had the new-opera experience that no one gets” Irvin is quoted to say by Opera News, in singing the same role multiple times. Career Irvin began his career at Orlando Opera in the 2006 season, and continued the following season as a main stage artist. While in Orlando, Irvin also performed the role of Gaston in Beauty and the Beast at Walt Disney World, completing over 700 performances. “I got to be onstage, in front of thousands of people, five days a week, for almost two years,” Irvin says. “And that is not an experience you get - in America - as an opera singer!” Irvin spent 2008 in residence with Lyric Opera of Chicago's Ryan Opera Center. He returned for a second season in 2009–2010. While there he portrayed a number of roles including Zuniga in Carmen, Theseus in A Midsummer Night's Dream, the Imperial Commissioner in Madama Butterfly, the title role in The Mikado, and Bartolo in Le Nozze Di Figaro, among others. In 2011, Irvin performed as Lieutenant Horstmayer in the premier of Kevin Puts’ Silent Night at Minnesota Opera. Having said of Silent Night, “It’s the most amazing opera I have ever had a chance to work on.” Irvin describes why he feels that way, citing, “There’s a major battle scene about five minutes into the show that is extremely visceral, both for the action and the music,” He continues, “Ten minutes later, there’s some of the most beautiful music and orchestration I’ve ever heard. You can visualize, just through the music, the sun breaking the crest of the horizon, and the frost on the grass start to melt away, and birds taking off. But it ends darkly, because as the sun comes out, you see all the dead bodies.” In the 2012–2013 season, Irvin sang in Carmina Burana with the Phoenix Symphony, and debuted at Opera Saratoga as Dick Deadeye in HMS Pinafore, and as Raimondo in Lucia di Lammermoor. In 2013, Irvin played Mandryka in Strauss's Arabella at the Minnesota Opera. In early 2015 Irvin sang the Pirate King in the Pensacola Opera production of Gilbert & Sullivan's The Pirates of Penzance Also in 2015, Irvin was seen in Sarasota Opera's production of La Bohème as Marcello. In their review of his role in Utah Opera's 2016 production of Figaro, The Salt Lake Tribune said of Irvin, “Baritone Craig Irvin was a strong foil, playing Count Almaviva as a suave bully who was", "title": "Craig Irvin" }, { "docid": "23767061", "text": "Various characters have been featured in Disney's Beauty and the Beast franchise. This list includes those from the 1991 animated film, its direct-to-video follow-up, a short story collection, the stage musical adaptation, and the 2017 live-action and computer animation remake. Introduced in Beauty and the Beast Belle Beast Gaston Maurice Maurice is the village inventor and Belle's father. However, most of the villagers think he is insane for crafting devices believed ridiculous and impossible to construct in reality. During the beginning of the movie, he is working on a machine that automatically chops up firewood. Once it is successfully working, he leaves for the County Fair to display his invention. However, he is unable to make it to the fair due to getting lost in the woods. After going down a path that results in the loss of his horse and cart, and being attacked and nearly killed by a pack of rabid wolves, he winds up at the gate of a dark castle. When he enters the castle to stay for the night, he ends up being locked up by the Beast, the castle's master. Belle learns of what happened and goes to the castle, attempting to release her father. She then tries to convince the Beast to release him from the castle. She succeeds in convincing the Beast to release him, under the condition that she is to take her father's place, to Maurice's protests. Maurice is forcibly taken back to the village. Upon returning to the village, Maurice tries to seek the villagers' help in trying to rescue Belle, but they don't believe him, and they consequently throw him out of the tavern. Determined to not give up on Belle, he decides to return to the castle alone. However, it doesn't take long before he succumbs to an unknown illness due to the cold weather. Luckily, Belle discovers that her father is in trouble via the Beast's Magic Mirror and is released by the Beast so she can save him. Shortly after arriving back home, Le Fou has alerted the villagers of their return. Shortly thereafter, Monsieur D'Arque, the keeper of the Maison de Lunes Insane Asylum, and the other villagers come to take Maurice to the insane asylum in an intricate plan to blackmail Belle into marrying Gaston. Belle reveals that Maurice's rants are true and that the Beast does exist. Both she and Maurice are locked up by Gaston in the cellar, to stop them from interfering with Gaston's goal to kill the Beast. Chip has managed to stow away in Belle's satchel and uses the automated firewood cutter to destroy the door to the cellar. Maurice and Belle leave for the castle to stop Gaston from killing the Beast. He is last seen in the ballroom standing by Mrs. Potts as he happily watches Belle and the Beast (who is now transformed back into a handsome prince) dance while he laughs at Chip's question to his mother whether he still has to 'stay in", "title": "List of Disney's Beauty and the Beast characters" }, { "docid": "1139199", "text": "Prince Charming is a fairy tale stock character who comes to the rescue of a damsel in distress and must engage in a quest to liberate her from an evil spell. This classification suits most heroes of a number of traditional folk tales, including \"Snow White\", \"Sleeping Beauty\", \"Rapunzel\" and \"Cinderella\", even if in the original story they were given another name, or no name at all. Often handsome and romantic, these characters are essentially interchangeable, serving as a foil to the heroine; in many variants, they can be viewed as a metaphor for a reward the heroine achieves for the decisions she makes. The prominence of the character type makes him an obvious target for revisionist fairy tales. \"Prince Charming\" is also used as a term to refer to the idealized man some people dream of as a future spouse. History of term Charles Perrault's version of Sleeping Beauty, published in 1697, includes the following text at the point where the princess wakes up: \"'Est-ce vous, mon prince? lui dit-elle; vous vous êtes bien fait attendre.' Le prince, charmé de ces paroles, ne savait comment lui témoigner sa joie et sa reconnaissance.\" (\"'Is it you, my Prince?' she said; 'You have waited a long while.' The Prince, charmed with these words, and much more with the manner in which they were spoken, knew not how to show his joy and gratitude.\") It has sometimes been suggested that this passage later inspired the term, \"Prince Charming\", even though it is the prince who is charmed (charmé) here, not who is being charming (charmant). In the 17th century, Madame d'Aulnoy wrote two fairy tales, The Story of Pretty Goldilocks, where the hero was named Avenant (\"Fine\", \"Beautiful\", in French), and The Blue Bird, where the hero was Le roi Charmant (\"The Charming King\"). When Andrew Lang retold the first (in 1889) for The Blue Fairy Book, he rendered the hero's name as \"Charming\"; the second, for The Green Fairy Book, as \"King Charming\". Although neither one was a prince and the first was not royal, this may have been the original use of \"Charming\". In the early Disney animated feature, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937), when Snow White tells the dwarfs about her prince, she says, \"Anyone could see that the prince was charming, the only one for me.\" However, he is never referred to specifically as \"Prince Charming\". Andreas Deja initially struggled with the concept of animating a handsome villain in Beauty and the Beast. Deja ultimately based Gaston's appearance on those of handsome soap opera actors in order to create a grotesque version of the Prince Charming stock character. In other languages, like Spanish and Italian, he is called the \"Blue Prince\". In Portuguese, a translation mistake occurred and he is called \"Charmed Prince\" (Príncipe Encantado; the correct term for \"Charming\" should be Encantador or Charmoso), coincidentally closer to the sense in Perrault's story mentioned atop this section. Modern usage The Broadway musical Into the Woods (first", "title": "Prince Charming" }, { "docid": "24380019", "text": "Be Our Guest Restaurant is a table service restaurant in Fantasyland at Magic Kingdom in the Walt Disney World Resort. The restaurant has the theme and appearance of the Beast's Castle from Disney's 1991 animated feature film Beauty and the Beast. The name of the restaurant is a reference to \"Be Our Guest\", one of the signature songs from that film. History The restaurant was added as part of a large expansion and renovation in 2012 to Fantasyland's phased opening. In September 2009, it was announced at the D23 Expo that Fantasyland would be expanded to incorporate Disney Princess characters, along with a larger 3 ring circus-themed Dumbo area (now Storybook Circus). Recent conceptual artwork for the expansion shows several new additions and changes. Included is a new area themed to Disney's Beauty and the Beast featuring the Beast's Castle with a new dining experience, Gaston's tavern, and Belle's cottage. The restaurant was the only publicly accessible Magic Kingdom venue to serve wine and beer (exclusively at dinner) prior to December 23, 2016, when additional restaurants at Magic Kingdom added it to their menus. On March 20, 2015, Be Our Guest Restaurant began to serve breakfast meals featuring foods such as eggs florentine and an open-faced egg and poached-bacon sandwich. Breakfast has since been discontinued in the post COVID-19 era with lunch and dinner being served in a table service setting and a limited Prix Fix menu available. Restaurant The castle features a full table service restaurant for lunch and dinner, requiring reservations. Cuisine is French-inspired. There are three dining rooms are located within the castle, the Grand Ballroom where Belle and the Beast had their first dance, the (un)forbidden West Wing where the enchanted rose is kept on display, and the Rose Gallery with paintings and a 7' foot tall wooden music box depicting Belle and Beast dancing. The Grand Ballroom features baroque windows reaching the ceiling showing an exact recreation of the same view that Belle and the Beast had of the enchanted forest. The Rose Gallery has murals hand painted by Belle depicting the Enchanted Rose and many characters from the film, including the Beast, Mrs. Potts, Chip, Lumière, and Cogsworth. The West Wing is the darkest room in the castle with the Enchanted Rose on display and an enchanted portrait of the Prince (before he became the beast) which may occasionally flash and show his now current Beast Form. Area attractions Enchanted Tales with Belle Enchanted Tales with Belle is a live interactive show located in within the Beast's Castle. It serves as the replacement for the Storytime with Belle attraction which was originally located in the Fairytale Gardens. Guests could visit Belle's father's cottage, located at the former site of Ariel's Grotto. They can explore the home and encounter a magic mirror (a gift from the Beast) in Maurice's workshop which transports them to the Beast's Castle. Inside, they meet an audio-animatronic Madame Wardrobe who casts some guests as objects. Guests then head to the", "title": "Be Our Guest Restaurant" }, { "docid": "71232983", "text": "Beauty and the Beast: A 30th Celebration is a musical television special created for ABC, based on Disney's 1991 animated feature film Beauty and the Beast. It was produced by Jon M. Chu and directed by Hamish Hamilton. It serves as a celebration of the 30th anniversary of the animated film’s historic Oscar nomination for Best Picture. It aired on ABC on December 15, 2022, before streaming the next day on Disney+ and Hulu. Beauty and the Beast: A 30th Celebration received generally positive reviews from critics. Cast H.E.R. as Belle, a kindhearted bibliophilic young woman who is imprisoned by and eventually bonds with the Beast. Elle Naomi as Young Belle Josh Groban as the Beast, a young prince who was turned into a monster by an enchantress as a result of his arrogance. Joshua Henry as Gaston, a self-absorbed hunter who is obsessed with Belle’s beauty and determined to have her as a trophy wife. Martin Short as Lumière, the Beast’s debonair first footman who was turned into a candelabra as a result of the spell. Shania Twain as Mrs. Potts, the motherly castle cook who was turned into a teapot as a result of the spell. David Alan Grier as Cogsworth, the Beast’s stuffy butler and head of household who was turned into a mantel clock as a result of the spell. Rizwan Manji as LeFou, Gaston’s sidekick and biggest supporter. Jon Jon Briones as Maurice, Belle’s loving inventor father. Leo Abelo Perry as Chip, Mrs Potts’ sweet-natured son who was turned into a teacup as a result of the spell. Charissa Kroeger as a Bimbette, one of the girls who fawn over Gaston. Rita Moreno is the special’s Narrator. In addition, it was announced that Paige O'Hara (the original voice of Belle), Richard White (the original voice of Gaston) and composer Alan Menken would cameo as, respectively, the Bookseller, the Baker, and the piano player during \"Belle\". Production Development On July 5, 2022, ABC reported that a live-action/animation special based on the 1991 musical film Beauty and the Beast was in development, following the success of the televised musical adaptation of the 1989 animated film The Little Mermaid, entitled The Little Mermaid Live! in 2019. The special was intended to air on December 15, 2022, with Hamish Hamilton being set as director, Jon M. Chu as executive producer and Done and Dusted would produce the television special, all of them worked on The Little Mermaid Live!. ABC said that it would include live never-before-seen musical performances, with each will offer an homage to the story and add its own surprises for viewers, and also include new sets and costumes inspired by the classic story. Chu called the film as \"a game-changing experience\" adding that, \"when the animated movie came out, I watched it multiple times in the first weekend. It showed me the outer limits of what animated artists and storytellers could achieve, so the fact that I get to executive produce a tribute to all the", "title": "Beauty and the Beast: A 30th Celebration" } ]	[ "Luke Evans" ]
train_21978	who was one of the few female pharaohs that ruled egypt	[ { "docid": "65761381", "text": "This is a list of known royal consorts of ancient Egypt from c.3100 BC to 30 BC. Reign dates follow those included on the list of Pharaohs page. Some information is debatable and interpretations of available evidence can vary between Egyptologists. Background The Pharaoh's wives played an important role both in public and private life, and would be a source of political and religious power. Pharaohs usually had many different wives, so that a successor could be guaranteed to succeed him. If a queen succeeded in producing an heir that inherited the throne, she would reach a position of great honour as King's Mother and may be able to rule Egypt on behalf of her son as regent if he was underage. While there are many known cases of kings marrying their sisters, there were also wives of non-royal birth, such as Tiye and Nefertiti. Kings such as Amenhotep III and Ramesses II are known to have married some of their daughters, though it is possible these marriages were symbolic and ceremonial rather than incestuous. Apart from the chief consort, the Pharaoh would have many wives in the harem, who could be foreign-born princesses or lower-ranking Egyptian women who had little impact on politics. While women did occasionally rule as Pharaohs, they generally did not rule while married except during the Ptolemaic period. Thus, male consorts never existed during the time of the native Egyptian royal dynasties, and only Berenice IV and Cleopatra VII are listed as having male consorts who did not rule as Pharaohs. List of female rulers and co-rulers Most Queens included on this page did not rule as Pharaohs. However, some did rule in their own right following the deaths of their husbands. Four Queens from the Native Egyptian dynasties are known for certain to have ruled as Female Pharaohs: Sobekneferu (c. 1806-1802 BC) (Possibly wife of Amenemhat IV) Hatshepsut (c. 1479-1458 BC) (Wife of Thutmose II) Neferneferuaten (c. 1334-1332 BC) (Wife of either Akhenaten or Smenkhare depending on her identity) Twosret (c. 1191-1189 BC) (Wife of Seti II) There has also been some debate on whether certain Queen regents such as Neithotep, Merneith, Khentkaus I and Khentkaus II did rule as Female Pharaohs or not. However, there is yet to be any concrete evidence that they did. The legendary Queen Nitocris was supposedly a Pharaoh at the end of the Sixth Dynasty, but no archeological evidence supports her existence. The Ptolemaic Dynasty implemented a policy of co-rule between spouses starting with Ptolemy II and Arsinoe II. Therefore, most Queens from this dynasty are not listed as consorts as they were co-rulers of Egypt while married to their husbands. The following is a list of Female rulers and co-rulers of the Ptolemaic Dynasty: Arsinoe II (c. 277-270 BC) ruled alongside her brother-husband Ptolemy II. Berenice II (c. 244-222 BC) ruled alongside her husband Ptolemy III. Arsinoe III (220-204 BC) ruled alongside her brother-husband Ptolemy IV. Cleopatra I (193-176 BC) ruled alongside her husband Ptolemy V and", "title": "List of ancient Egyptian royal consorts" }, { "docid": "18961951", "text": "Regencies in Egypt date back to Pharaonic times. Throughout Egypt's long history, there have been several instances of regents assuming power due to the reigning monarch's minority, physical illness or poor mental health. There have also been several cases of coregencies where two monarchs ruled simultaneously. Ancient Egypt Female Regents Regencies were very frequent during the Pharaonic era, particularly in cases where the new king was too young to rule. In such instances, it was usually the young king's mother (or sometimes step-mother) who would act as regent until the king was old enough to rule by himself. The most famous Ancient Egyptian regent is probably Hatshepsut, who initially served as regent for her young nephew Thutmose III before taking the throne herself and reigning for more than twenty years. Neithotep ruled as regent on behalf of either her son Hor-Aha or grandson Djer (c. 3050 BC) Merneith ruled on behalf of her son Den (c. 2970 BC) Nimaathap possibly ruled on behalf of her son Djoser (c. 2670 BC) Khentkaus I likely ruled as a regent, but her son or sons are unknown. Khentkaus II possibly ruled as a regent for one of her sons (Neferefre or Nyuserre Ini). Iput I possibly ruled as a regent for her son Pepi I (c. 2332 BC) Ankhesenpepi II ruled as a regent for her son Pepi II (c. 2278 BC) Ahhotep I ruled as a regent for her son Ahmose I (c. 1550 BC) Ahmose-Nefertari ruled as a regent for her son Amenhotep I (c. 1541 BC) Hatshepsut initially ruled as a regent for her step-son Thutmose III (c. 1479 BC) before becoming Pharaoh in her own right and co-ruling Egypt alongside Thutmose III. Mutemwiya ruled as a regent for her son Amenhotep III (c. 1388) Twosret ruled as a regent for her step-son Siptah (c. 1197 BC) and later became Pharaoh in her own right after his death. Male Regents While less common, male regents are known to have taken power during the Pharaonic era. Horemheb – Regent during the reign of Tutankhamun. Tjahapimu – Regent of Egypt while Teos was on a military expedition against the Achaemenid Empire Co-rule Coregencies were also very common, and aging monarchs often appointed their sons and heirs as coregents towards the end of their reigns. Most Pharaohs of the Twelfth Dynasty until Amenemhat III had a period of co-rule with their eventual successors. Ptolemaic Egypt The Ptolemaic Dynasty implemented a policy of co-rule starting with Ptolemy II and Arsinoe II. It was common during this dynasty to have husband-wife and sibling pairings ruling over Egypt. Co-rule could also happen between unmarried siblings or parents and children. In at least one case, Egypt had three reigning Pharaohs at the same time with Ptolemy VI, Cleopatra II and Ptolemy VIII. Timeline of Rulers of the Ptolemaic Dynasty (All dates BC) Medieval Egypt During the Middle Ages, Egypt was ruled by a succession of Islamic dynasties, and regencies were not uncommon. A famous example of a", "title": "Regencies in Egypt" }, { "docid": "10599245", "text": "The Valley of the Pharaohs is a role-playing game published by Palladium Books in 1983 that is set in Ancient Egypt. Several reviewers found the historical material was valuable, but that there was not enough information about how role-playing could connect with the historical background in a meaningful way. Description The Valley of the Pharaohs is a role-playing game in which players take on the roles of members of Egyptian society in the New Kingdom in 1450 BCE during the Eighteenth Dynasty. To create a character, a player first randomly determines its caste, which will be either Nobility, Clergy, Bureaucrat or Commoner, and then its occupation — Soldier, Priest, Scholar, Merchant, or Thief. The character's occupation defines how many skills it possesses. Twenty pages of the illustrated rulebook are dedicated to historical background. Illustrations show various styles of Egyptian dress, as well as diagrams of boats, weapons, houses, fortifications, the Giza Necropolis, a Step Pyramid, the Temple of Hatshepsut, the Temple at Karnak, and a True Pyramid. Publication history The Valley of the Pharaohs was written by Matthew Balent and illustrated by Kevin Siembieda and Mary Walsh. Palladium released it in 1983 as a boxed set containing a 50-page rulebook, a color map of Ancient Egypt, and thirteen loose sheets of illustrations and diagrams. Reception In Issue 45 of Different Worlds (March–April 1987), Jonathan Tweet found the brief rules \"leave too much up the gamemaster, even to the point of providing few viable ideas for adventures or an engaging campaign.\" Although Tweet liked \"The attribute, skill, and combat rules [which] are simple and as realistic as they need to be,\" he found that \"The magic rules, however, suffer from the game's brevity. All characters learn the same magic system regardless of religious affiliation, and the rules lack means by which to limit the creation of magical items. Also, no attempt is made to explore how magic, the only non-historical part of the game, might affect the civilization.\" Tweet pointed out that the research on Egyptian life and culture could have been even more valuable had the author included \"rules and suggestions for incorporating the historical background into the play of the game, background that now has little direct representation in the rules.\" Tweet also found \"The biggest obstacle to running a Valley of the Pharaohs campaign is the lack of motives for adventuring. The rules sanely remind gamemasters that armed adventurers freelancing as monster exterminators do not belong in 'the civilized, orderly land of Egypt' but do not offer alternatives to the kinds of adventures players usually enjoy.\" Tweet concluded by giving the game a very poor rating of only 1.5 out of 4, saying, \"If the game was designed so that the scholar, merchant, and soldier characters could have exciting adventures in a civilized country like Egypt using all the noncombat skills described, Valley of the Pharaohs would have been given a better rating, but the game left me with no excitement as to the possibilities for scenarios.\" In", "title": "The Valley of the Pharaohs" }, { "docid": "63292", "text": "The 1470s BC was a decade lasting from January 1, 1479 BC to December 31, 1470 BC. Events c. 1478 BC–1390 BC—Hand mirror, Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt, is made. It is now at the Brooklyn Museum, New York. c. 1473 BC—Hatshepsut (18th Dynasty) started to rule. She is a daughter of Thutmose I. Married to her half brother Thutmose II. c. 1473 BC–1458 BC – Funerary temple of Hatshepsut, Deir el-Bahari is built. Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt. c. 1473 BC–1458 BC—Hatshepsut as sphinx, from Deir el-Bahari was made. Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt. It is now in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Significant people Thutmose III, Pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty (1479 BC–1425 BC). He was the first who called himself \"pharaoh\" Hatshepsut, female Pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty (1473 BC–1458 BC) References", "title": "1470s BC" }, { "docid": "49797635", "text": "An honorary male or honorary man is a woman who is accorded the status of a man without disrupting the patriarchal status quo. History Ancient Egypt Queen Hatshepsut was the first female ruler of ancient Egypt after Sobekneferu to act as a full pharaoh. Ruling in the New Kingdom, Hatshepsut depicted and asserted herself as a male ruler. In artwork and sculpture of Hatshepsut, she is represented in the traditional pharaoh headdress, kilt, and false beard—a symbol of kingship; her breasts are reduced and deemphasized, and her shoulders are broad and manly. Hatshepsut executed several building projects and military campaigns and brought Egypt into a period of peace and prosperity. Hatshepsut's actions to improve the status of women during this time are unknown, although women in ancient Egypt could decide their own professions, marry whomever they desired, contract prenuptial agreements that favored them, divorce their husbands, own real estate, enter the clergy, and had access to birth control and abortions. Women in Egypt during this time held higher status than their counterparts in other countries, and more than Egyptian women would be in later centuries after the rise of Christianity in the 4th century AD and later Islam in the 7th century AD. Iron Age Female burials in the La Tène culture in Western Europe between 450 BC and 380 BC indicate the elite status of some women. Indicators of elite status in Central and Southern Germany in this period included objects of power similar to those found in preceding periods. High status graves in the preceding Hallstatt period (750 BC to 450 BC) included gold neck rings, bronze daggers, bronze drinking vessels, and four-wheeled wagons. Grave sites in the Hochdorf, Biberach region, excavated in 1970, found only elite male burial objects before and during the Hallstatt Period. However, in 480 BC, the number of elite male graves began dropping and were suddenly replaced by elite female graves. Around the same time these high status burials transitioned from majority men to women. War brought forth massive emigration of males, leaving behind women to fill the roles typically held by men. Similar shifts in population occurred in the Celtic regions of Europe. As most of Celtic society in the Iron Age centered around agriculture, the landowning class dominated. The ruling class also made up the military elite. As Warfare in Medieval Scotland increased, women soon found themselves in roles of land ownership and power. Competitive feasting, large events held by the now landowning women, involved large quantities of alcohol and food. The quality of the feast represented the host's socio-economic status. Equipment, dress, and methods for performing these feasts also influenced laws and values. Gold neck rings, symbolizing the highest status of a successful feast host have been found in female graves indicating that women continued the practices traditionally upheld by men. Women assuming positions of power in this patriarchal society was made possible by a lower population of men, not an absence. According to Bettina Arnold, author of \"‘Honorary males’", "title": "Honorary male" }, { "docid": "12085368", "text": "Iset (or Isis) was a queen of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt, and she was named after goddess Isis. She was a secondary wife or concubine of Thutmose II. Biography Iset was the mother of Thutmose III, the only son of Thutmose II. Her son died on 11 March 1425 BC and her name is mentioned on his mummy bandages and a statue found in Karnak. Although in these later instances Iset is referred to as Great Royal Wife, during the reign of Thutmose II the great royal wife was Hatshepsut. Thutmose II died in 1479 BC and, after his death, Hatshepsut became regent for the young king Thutmose III. Thutmose III became the head of the armies of Egypt as he grew up. Hatshepsut ruled as pharaoh until her death in 1458 BC when her co-regent, Thutmose III, became pharaoh. At that time Iset received the title of \"King's Mother\" (since her son had become pharaoh) and she may then have been designated as a royal wife if she had not been previously when he was the co-regent. At the time Thutmose III became pharaoh Neferure, the daughter of Hatshepsut and Thutmose II, was the God's Wife. She had served in this role throughout the reign of her mother as pharaoh. Neferure may have married Thutmose III but the sole evidence for this marriage is a stela showing Queen Satiah whose name may have been carved over that of another queen. The great royal wife, Merytre-Hatshepsut, became the mother of his successor. Her son Tuthmosis III depicts his mother several times in his tomb in the Valley of the Kings. In KV34 there are depictions of the king with several female family members on one of the pillars. His mother Queen Isis is prominently featured. Queen Isis is depicted behind her son on the boat. She is labeled as the King's Mother Isis. In the register below the boat Tuthmosis III is shown approaching a tree which is a representation of his mother Isis. Behind the king we see three of his wives: Queens Merytre, Sitiah, Nebtu and his daughter Nefertari. It is not certain whether Iset was a concubine or a secondary wife of Thutmose II. She also received the title \"God's Wife\", but probably only posthumously. Sources Queens consort of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt 15th-century BC Egyptian women", "title": "Iset (queen)" }, { "docid": "28830228", "text": "The Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XVIII, alternatively 18th Dynasty or Dynasty 18) is classified as the first dynasty of the New Kingdom of Egypt, the era in which ancient Egypt achieved the peak of its power. The Eighteenth Dynasty spanned the period from 1550/1549 to 1292 BC. This dynasty is also known as the Thutmoside Dynasty) for the four pharaohs named Thutmose. Several of Egypt's most famous pharaohs were from the Eighteenth Dynasty, including Tutankhamun, whose tomb was found by Howard Carter in 1922. Other famous pharaohs of the dynasty include Hatshepsut (c. 1479 BC–1458 BC), the longest-reigning woman pharaoh of an indigenous dynasty, and Akhenaten (c. 1353–1336 BC), the \"heretic pharaoh\", with his Great Royal Wife, Nefertiti. The Eighteenth Dynasty is unique among Egyptian dynasties in that it had two queens regnant, women who ruled as sole pharaoh: Hatshepsut and Neferneferuaten, usually identified as Nefertiti. History Early Dynasty XVIII Dynasty XVIII was founded by Ahmose I, the brother or son of Kamose, the last ruler of the 17th Dynasty. Ahmose finished the campaign to expel the Hyksos rulers. His reign is seen as the end of the Second Intermediate Period and the start of the New Kingdom. Ahmose's consort, Queen Ahmose-Nefertari was \"arguably the most venerated woman in Egyptian history, and the grandmother of the 18th Dynasty.\" She was deified after she died. Ahmose was succeeded by his son, Amenhotep I, whose reign was relatively uneventful. Amenhotep I probably left no male heir and the next pharaoh, Thutmose I, seems to have been related to the royal family through marriage. During his reign, the borders of Egypt's empire reached their greatest expanse, extending in the north to Carchemish on the Euphrates and in the south up to Kanisah Kurgus beyond the fourth cataract of the Nile. Thutmose I was succeeded by Thutmose II and his queen, Hatshepsut, who was the daughter of Thutmose I. After her husband's death and a period of regency for her minor stepson (who would later become pharaoh as Thutmose III) Hatshepsut became pharaoh in her own right and ruled for over twenty years. Thutmose III, who became known as the greatest military pharaoh ever, also had a lengthy reign after becoming pharaoh. He had a second co-regency in his old age with his son Amenhotep II. Amenhotep II was succeeded by Thutmose IV, who in his turn was followed by his son Amenhotep III, whose reign is seen as a high point in this dynasty. Amenhotep III's reign was a period of unprecedented prosperity, artistic splendor, and international power, as attested by over 250 statues (more than any other pharaoh) and 200 large stone scarabs discovered from Syria to Nubia. Amenhotep III undertook large scale building programmes, the extent of which can only be compared with those of the much longer reign of Ramesses II during Dynasty XIX. Amenhotep III's consort was the Great Royal Wife Tiye, for whom he built an artificial lake, as described on eleven scarabs. Akhenaten, the Amarna", "title": "Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt" }, { "docid": "585058", "text": "The New Kingdom, also referred to as the Egyptian Empire, was the ancient Egyptian nation between the 16th century BC and the 11th century BC. This period of ancient Egyptian history covers the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Twentieth Dynasties. Through radiocarbon dating, the establishment of the New Kingdom has been placed between 1570 BC and 1544 BC. The New Kingdom followed the Second Intermediate Period and was succeeded by the Third Intermediate Period. It was the most prosperous time for the Egyptian people and marked the peak of Egypt's power. In 1845, the concept of a \"New Kingdom\" as one of three \"golden ages\" was coined by German scholar Baron von Bunsen; the original definition would evolve significantly throughout the 19th and 20th centuries. The later part of this period, under the Nineteenth Dynasty (1295–1189 BC) and the Twentieth Dynasty (1189–1069 BC), is also known as the Ramesside period. It is named after the eleven pharaohs who took the name Ramesses, after Ramesses I, the founder of the Nineteenth Dynasty, and his grandson Ramesses II, its longest-reigning monarch. Possibly as a result of the foreign rule of the Hyksos during the Second Intermediate Period, the New Kingdom saw a historic expansion into the Levant, thus marking Egypt's greatest territorial extent. Similarly, in response to attacks by the Kushites, who led raids into Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period, the rulers of the New Kingdom felt compelled to expand far into Nubia and to hold wider territories in the Near East, particularly on the Levantine frontier. History Rise The Eighteenth Dynasty included some of Egypt's most famous kings, including Ahmose I, Hatshepsut, Thutmose III, Amenhotep III, Akhenaten, and Tutankhamun. Ahmose I is viewed to be the founder of the eighteenth dynasty. He continued the campaigns of his father Seqenenre Tao and of Kamose against the Hyksos until he reunified the country once more. Ahmose would then continue to campaign in the Levant, the home of the Hyksos, to prevent any future invasions on Egypt. Ahmose was followed by Amenhotep I, who campaigned in Nubia and was followed by Thutmose I. Thutmose I campaigned in the Levant and reached as far as the Euphrates, thus becoming the first pharaoh to cross the river. During this campaign, the Syrian princes declared allegiance to Thutmose. However, after he returned, they discontinued tribute and began fortifying against future incursions. Hatshepsut was one of the most powerful pharaohs of this dynasty. She was the daughter of Thutmose I and the royal wife of Thutmose II. Upon the death of her husband, she ruled jointly with his son by a minor wife, Thutmose III, who had ascended to the throne as a child of about two years of age, but eventually she ruled in her own right as king. Hatshepsut built extensively in the Karnak temple in Luxor and throughout all of Egypt and she re-established the trade networks that had been disrupted during the Hyksos rule of Lower Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period, thereby building the", "title": "New Kingdom of Egypt" }, { "docid": "1110855", "text": "A coregency is the situation where a monarchical position (such as prince, princess, king, queen, emperor or empress), normally held by only a single person, is held by two or more. It is to be distinguished from diarchies or duumvirates such as ancient Sparta and Rome along with a regency where the monarch in most cases infant or incapacitated particularly has a senior above him and exercises no power whatsoever apart from legally holding the position of head of state. Andorra Co-principality is a distinct but related system employed in contemporary Andorra, where monarchical power is formally divided between two rulers. Historical examples Coregencies were common in the Hellenistic period; according to one scholar, they \"can usually be explained as a means of avoiding crises of succession or internal conflict, and of strengthening dynastic identity and ideology.\" Other examples include the coregency of Frederick I of Austria and Louis the Bavarian over the Kingdom of Germany. Jure uxoris Kings in Kingdoms such as Spain and Portugal can also be found (Ferdinand V and Isabella I of Castile, Philip I and Joanna of Castile, Peter III and Maria I of Portugal, etc.). In Navarre, the husbands of queens regnant were styled as co-rulers. Ancient Egypt In Ancient Egypt, coregency was quite problematic as the Pharaoh was seen as the incarnation/representation of the god Horus. Therefore, according to the divine order Ma'at, only one King could exist at the same time. Yet, exceptions can be found, mainly in the Middle Kingdom, where the pharaoh occasionally appointed his successor (often one of his sons) as coregent, or joint king, to ensure a smooth succession. “This system was used, from at least as early as the Middle Kingdom, in order to ensure that the transfer of power took place with the minimum of disruption and instability”. Coregencies are highly probable for Amenemhat I > Senusret I > Amenemhat II > Senusret II. Most probably the real king in power was the older one (father) adopting the younger ruler (son), while the co-regent had to wait until after the death of the older one to really have access to full royal power. Yet, the years of reigns normally were counted from the beginning of the coregency on. Due to this and to the fragmentary character of known sources, the establishment of Egyptian chronology was quite complicated and remains disputed up to date. Yet, understanding the existence of co-regency reduced the chaos quite a lot. The institution of coregency is different from that of vice-regency, where an adult person (in Ancient Egypt often the mother of the king) functions as Legal guardian, ruling in the name of the underage king. Some of the female vice-regents of Egypt rose to a status of equal to the God-Kings, becoming co-rulers as can be seen in the famous case of Hatshepsut. After the death of her husband Thutmose II, Hatshepsut ruled in the name of Thutmose III, her nephew and stepson. Then, latest in year 7 of Thutmose III's", "title": "Coregency" }, { "docid": "4254016", "text": "Neferure or Neferura (, meaning The Beauty of Re) was an Egyptian princess of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt. She was the daughter of two pharaohs, Hatshepsut and Thutmose II. She served in high offices in the government and the religious administration of Ancient Egypt. Family Neferure was the only known child of Thutmose II and his great royal wife Hatshepsut. She was the granddaughter of Thutmose I and the half-sister of Thutmose III. It has been suggested that Neferure married her half-brother, but there is no conclusive evidence of such a marriage. A king’s son named Amenemhat (B) was installed as Overseer of the Cattle in year 24 of the reign of Thutmose III, and this prince may have been a son of Neferure. It has been pointed out however, that if Neferure had become a great royal wife of Thutmose III, she would have been attested with that title, which is not known to be the case. Life Neferure was born during the reign of Thutmose II. In Karnak Neferure is depicted with Thutmose II and Hatshepsut. Some records indicate that Thutmose II died after a thirteen-year-long rule. The heir to the throne, Thutmose III, was only a child and Hatshepsut served as his regent, but by the seventh year of his rule it is well documented that Hatshepsut took on the role of pharaoh and continued to rule until her death, for more than twenty years. Neferure was tutored by some of Hatshepsut's most trusted advisers, at first Ahmose Pen-Nekhebet, who served under several of the preceding pharaohs and was held in great esteem. In his tomb he claims: For me the god’s wife repeated favors, the king’s great wife Maatkare justified; I brought up her eldest (daughter), the princess Neferura, justified, while she was (still) a child at the breast. Neferure’s next tutor was Senenmut. Senenmut is known from many statues depicting him with his young charge. In all these statues Senenmut is shown wearing a long cloak. Seven statues are block statues in which the head of Princess Neferure pokes out of the block. One statue shows Neferura seated on his lap, while in another statue Senenmut is shown seated with one leg pulled up and Neferure leaning against his leg. After Hatshepsut became regent, Senenmut became her advisor and the role of tutor for Neferure was handed over to the administrator Senimen. Following her mother's accession to the Egyptian throne, Neferure had an unusually prominent role in the court, exceeding the normal role played by a royal princess to the pharaoh. As Hatshepsut took on the role of pharaoh, Neferure took on a queenly role in public life. Many depictions of her in these roles exist. She was given the titles Lady of Upper and Lower Egypt, Mistress of the Lands, and God's Wife of Amun; the latter title being one that Hatshepsut had to abandon upon becoming pharaoh. These offices had to be filled by a royal woman in order to fulfill the", "title": "Neferure" }, { "docid": "3701059", "text": "Great Royal Wife, or alternatively, Chief King's Wife (Ancient Egyptian: ḥmt nswt wrt, ), is the title that was used to refer to the principal wife of the pharaoh of Ancient Egypt, who served many official functions. Description While most ancient Egyptians were monogamous, a male pharaoh would have had other, lesser wives and concubines in addition to the Great Royal Wife. This arrangement would allow the pharaoh to enter into diplomatic marriages with the daughters of allies, as was the custom of ancient kings. In the past the order of succession in Ancient Egypt was thought to pass through the royal women. This theory, referred to as the Heiress Theory, has been rejected regarding the Eighteenth Dynasty ever since a 1980s study of its royalty. The throne likely passed to the eldest living son of those pharaohs. The mother of the heir to the throne was not always the Great Royal Wife, but once a pharaoh was crowned, it was possible to grant the mother of the king the title of Great Royal Wife, along with other titles. Examples include Iset, the mother of Thutmose III, Tiaa, the mother of Thutmose IV and Mutemwia, the mother of Amenhotep III. Meretseger, the chief wife of Senusret III, may be the earliest queen whose name appears with this title; she also was the first consort known to write her name in a cartouche. However, she is only attested in the New Kingdom so the title might be an anachronism. Perhaps the first holder of its title was Nubkhaes of the Second Intermediate Period. A special place in the history of great royal wives was taken by Hatshepsut. She was Great Royal Wife to her half-brother Thutmose II. During this time Hatshepsut also became God's Wife of Amun (the highest ranking priestess in the temple of Amun in Karnak). After the death of her husband, she became regent because of the minority of her stepson, the only male heir (born to Iset), who eventually would become Thutmose III. During this time Hatshepsut was crowned as pharaoh and ruled very successfully in her own right for many years. Although other women before her had ruled Egypt, Hatshepsut was the first woman to take the title, pharaoh, as it was a new term being used for the rulers, not having been used before the eighteenth dynasty. When she became pharaoh, she designated her daughter, Neferure, as God's Wife of Amun to perform the duties of high priestess. Her daughter may have been the great royal wife of Thutmose III, but there is no clear evidence for this proposed marriage. Elsewhere, in Kush and other major states of ancient Africa, the rulers often structured their households in much the same way as has just been described. Examples Ancient Egypt Middle Kingdom Second Intermediate Period New Kingdom Third Intermediate Period Late Period See also List of Ancient Egyptian Royal Consorts List of consorts of the Muhammad Ali Dynasty, for the modern queens and sultanas of Egypt", "title": "Great Royal Wife" }, { "docid": "155730", "text": "Thutmose III (variously also spelt Tuthmosis or Thothmes), sometimes called Thutmose the Great, was the sixth pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty. Officially he ruled Egypt from 28 April 1479 BC until 11 March 1425 BC, commencing with his coronation at the age of two and concluding with his death, aged fifty-six; however, during the first 22 years of his reign, he was coregent with his stepmother and aunt, Hatshepsut, who was named the pharaoh. While he was shown first on surviving monuments, both were assigned the usual royal names and insignia and neither is given any obvious seniority over the other. Thutmose served as the head of Hatshepsut's armies. During the final two years of his reign, he appointed his son and successor, Amenhotep II, as his junior co-regent. His firstborn son and heir to the throne, Amenemhat, predeceased Thutmose III. Thutmose III is regarded as one of the greatest warriors, military commanders, and military strategists of all time, as Egypt's preeminent warrior pharaoh and conqueror, and as a dominant figure in the New Kingdom period, itself considered the height of Egyptian power. He became sole ruler after Hatshepsut's death, and conducted no fewer than 17 campaigns, up to 20 in total, all victorious, while expanding Egypt's empire to its largest extent. Numerous recordings of his military campaigns are detailed in the inscriptions known as the Annals of Thutmose III. He is also considered the father of the ancient Egyptian navy, creating the first combat navy in the ancient world. He has been referred to as the \"Napoleon of Egypt\". Name Thutmose's two main names transliterate as mn-ḫpr-rˁ ḏḥwty-ms. The first name is usually transcribed as Menkheperre and means \"Lasting is the manifestation of Ra\" or \"The lasting one of the manifestation of Ra\". The second name is transliterated as Thutmose or Tuthmosis and means \"Born of Thoth\" or \"Thoth is born\". Manetho in his Aegyptiaca (History of Egypt) written in Greek (According to Eusebius) called him Miphrês and Misphragmuthôsis. Family Thutmose III was the son of Thutmose II by a secondary wife, Iset (or Aset). His father's great royal wife was Queen Hatshepsut. Her daughter, Neferure, was Thutmose's half-sister. When Thutmose II died, Thutmose III was too young to rule. Hatshepsut became his regent, soon his co-regent, and shortly thereafter declared herself to be the pharaoh while never denying kingship to Thutmose III. Thutmosis III had little power over the empire while Hatshepsut exercised the formal titulary of kingship. Her rule was quite prosperous and marked by great advancements. When Thutmose III reached a suitable age and demonstrated the capability, she appointed him to head her armies. Some Egyptologists speculate that Thutmose married his half-sister, Neferure, but there is no conclusive evidence for this marriage. It has been suggested that Neferure, may have been the mother of Thutmose's firstborn son, Amenemhat. Alternatively, the Great Royal Wife Satiah is believed to have been the mother of Amenemhat. Amenemhat predeceased his father. Several other wives of Thutmose are attested to by", "title": "Thutmose III" }, { "docid": "16089858", "text": "The role of women in Egypt has changed throughout history, from ancient to modern times. From the earliest preserved archaeological records, Egyptian women were considered equal to men in Egyptian society, regardless of marital status. The legal rights of women expanded throughout the 20th century. However, legal inequality persists as current laws \"establish significant differences between women and men, in terms of both marriage and divorce rights.\" Women in ancient Egypt Women were stated lower than men when it came to a higher leader in the Egyptian hierarchy counting his peasants. This hierarchy was similar to the way the peasants were treated in the Middle Ages. As children, females were raised to be solely dependent upon their fathers and older brothers. When women married, they depended on their husbands to make all decisions, while the women themselves were depended upon to carry out household chores. Women have traditionally been preoccupied with household tasks and child rearing and have rarely had opportunities for contact with men outside the family. Royal Egyptian women had great impact on Egyptian Society. Queen Tiye, the grandmother of King Tut was so enmeshed in politics that neighboring King Mitanni wrote to her to ensure good will between their people when her son Akhenaten ascended to the throne. Queen Aahmose was awarded the golden flies for military valor. Cleopatra and Nefertiti were among the better known rulers in Egyptian society. Cleopatra was known to have ruled with Marc Antony around 31 BC and she was also the Co-regent of her two husband-brothers and her son. Nefertiti was the chief wife of an Egyptian pharaoh, Amenhotep IV. Nefertiti was known to be an active Egyptian woman in society, as well as her children. In addition to female Egyptian rulers, Hatshepsut usurped the throne and reigned in Egypt as pharaoh from about 1503 to 1480 B.C. She based most of Egypt's economy on commerce. Though not many women have acted as rulers in Egyptian society, they have been considered to be equal among men in status as well as legal opportunities. Women were shown to be allowed the opportunity to take part in the economy, such as their role as merchants, as it happened later in the Roman Empire, specially among the lower classes. Women had also taken part in religious activities, such as those who were priestesses. In the Sixth Dynasty Nebet became a Vizier and thus the first woman in History to fulfill such an office. Women could also own property, divorce their husbands, live alone and occupy main positions, mostly religious, in similarity with Assyrian women. Only the children from the Great Royal Wife could expect to succeed to the throne, and if there were no son but daughters by her, then a son by another wife or concubine could only get the throne by marrying the heir daughter, and whoever did so would become the new King. Either through political and/or religious power, some women managed to become, de facto or de jure, the highest", "title": "Women in Egypt" } ]	[ { "docid": "1168295", "text": "Merneptah () or Merenptah (reigned July or August 1213 BC – 2 May 1203 BC) was the fourth pharaoh of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Ancient Egypt. He ruled Egypt for almost ten years, from late July or early August 1213 BC until his death on 2 May 1203 BC, according to contemporary historical records. He was the first royal-born pharaoh since Tutankhamun of the Eighteenth Dynasty. Merneptah was the thirteenth son of Ramesses II, only coming to power because all of his older brothers had died, including his full brother Khaemwaset or Khaemwase. By the time he ascended to the throne, he was around seventy years old. He is arguably best known for his victory stele, featuring the first known mention of the name Israel. His throne name was Ba-en-re Mery-netjeru, which means \"The Soul of Ra, Beloved of the Gods\". Family Merneptah was likely the fourth child born to Isetnofret I and Ramesses II, and his thirteenth son in total. He married Isetnofret II, who was likely his full sister or niece, and she would be his Great Royal Wife when he became pharaoh Merneptah. They had at least two sons, Merenptah, named after his father, and Seti II, and a daughter, Twosret. When Seti II became pharaoh, his sister Twosret became his Great Royal Wife. She became pharaoh in her own right after the death of pharaoh Siptah. Takhat, the mother of Amenmesse, may have been a secondary queen, though scholars are yet to confirm this. Prior to accession Ramesses II lived well into his nineties and was one of the oldest pharaohs in Egyptian history, if not the oldest. He outlived many of his heirs and eventually Merneptah would be the son to succeed him. Merneptah would have been prepared to be pharaoh through the responsibility of his government roles. By year 40 of Ramesses II, Merneptah had been promoted to Overseer of the Army. In year 55, he was officially proclaimed crown prince. At that point, he gained additional responsibilities by serving as Prince Regent for the last twelve years of Ramesses II's life. Chronology According to one reading of contemporary historical records, Merneptah ruled Egypt for almost ten years, from late July or early August 1213 BC until his death on 2 May 1203 BC. Reign Merneptah moved the administrative center of Egypt from Piramesse (Pi-Ramesses), his father's capital, back to Memphis, where he constructed a royal palace next to the temple of Ptah. This palace was excavated in 1915 by the University of Pennsylvania Museum, led by Clarence Stanley Fisher. Campaigns Merneptah had to carry out several military campaigns during his reign. In the fifth year of his rule, he fought against the Libyans, who—with the assistance of the Sea Peoples—were threatening Egypt from the west. Merneptah led a victorious six-hour battle against a combined Libyan and Sea People force at the city of Perire, probably located on the western edge of the Nile delta. His account of this campaign against the Sea Peoples", "title": "Merneptah" }, { "docid": "64494513", "text": "The first Achaemenid conquest of Egypt took place in 525 BCE, leading to the foundation of the Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt, also known as the \"First Egyptian Satrapy\" (). Egypt thus became a province (satrapy) of the Achaemenid Persian Empire until 404 BCE while still maintaining Egyptian royalty customs and positions. The conquest was led by Cambyses II, the King of Persia, who defeated the Egyptians at the Battle of Pelusium (525 BCE), and crowned himself as Pharaoh of Egypt. Achaemenid rule was disestablished upon the rebellion and crowning of Amyrtaeus as Pharaoh. A second period of Achaemenid rule in Egypt occurred under the Thirty-first Dynasty of Egypt (343–332 BCE). Origin of the conflict according to Herodotus Herodotus describes how Pharaoh Amasis II would eventually cause a confrontation with Persia. According to Herodotus, Amasis was asked by Cyrus the Great or Cambyses II for an Egyptian ophthalmologist on good terms. Amasis seems to have complied by forcing an Egyptian physician into mandatory labor, causing him to leave his family behind in Egypt and move to Persia in forced exile. In an attempt to exact revenge for this, the physician grew very close to Cambyses and suggested that Cambyses should ask Amasis for a daughter in marriage in order to solidify his bonds with the Egyptians. Cambyses complied and requested a daughter of Amasis for marriage. Amasis, worrying that his daughter would be a concubine to the Persian king, refused to give up his offspring; Amasis also was not willing to take on the Persian empire, so he concocted a deception in which he forced the daughter of the ex-pharaoh Apries, whom Herodotus explicitly confirms to have been killed by Amasis, to go to Persia instead of his own offspring. This daughter of Apries was none other than Nitetis, who was, as per Herodotus's account, \"tall and beautiful.\" Nitetis naturally betrayed Amasis and upon being greeted by the Persian king explained Amasis's trickery and her true origins. This infuriated Cambyses and he vowed to take revenge for it. Amasis died before Cambyses reached him, but his heir and son Psamtik III was defeated by the Persians. First, Cyrus the Great signed alliance agreements with the Lydian King Croesus and Nabonidus the Babylonian king in 542 BCE. The actual aim of the agreements was to prevent aid between Egypt and her allies. With both now deprived of Egyptian support, the Persians conquered, first, Croesus's empire in 541 BCE, and, then, the Neo-Babylonian Empire in 539 BCE. Herodotus also describes how, just like his predecessor, Amasis relied on Greek mercenaries and councilmen. One such figure was Phanes of Halicarnassus, who would later leave Amasis, for reasons that Herodotus does not clearly know, but suspects were personal between the two figures. Amasis sent one of his eunuchs to capture Phanes, but the eunuch was bested by the wise councilman and Phanes fled to Persia, meeting up with Cambyses and providing advice for his invasion of Egypt. Egypt was finally lost to the Persians during", "title": "First Achaemenid conquest of Egypt" }, { "docid": "44854776", "text": "Desert God is a novel by author Wilbur Smith first published in 2014. It is part of a series of novels by Smith set to Ancient Egypt and follows the fate of the Egyptian Kingdom through the eyes of Taita, a multi-talented and highly skilled eunuch slave. The setting of the novel is the 2nd millennium BC. It depicts a conflict between a Pharaoh ruling from Thebes in Upper Egypt and the Hyksos rulers of Lower Egypt. It also depicts an attempt to forge an alliance between the Hyksos and the Minoans. Plot summary The story is set a few years after River God. Pharaoh Tamose has succeeded in securing a capital at Thebes in Upper Egypt, and the brilliant eunuch Taita is his chief advisor, even as he continues to try to expel the Hyksos from Egypt. Taita receives intelligence that the Hyksos and the Minoans have signed a secret treaty, and that the Minoans are sending a large shipment of silver to a fortress they have constructed on Hyksos territory in an effort to expand their maritime empire. With the help of the young captain Zaras, Taita successfully undertakes a covert operation to steal the Minoan treasure while blaming the theft on the Hyksos, breaking their treaty and enriching Pharaoh at a single stroke. With the vast treasure obtained thanks to Taita's efforts, Tamose now attempts to recruit allies among the neighbouring nations against the Hyksos. He plans to make an alliance with the Minoans by giving their ruler, the Supreme Minos, his sisters Tehuti and Bekatha in marriage. Taita is to lead the journey, and is delegated Pharaoh's full authority when negotiating with foreign rulers. Tehuti meets Zaras when these plans are announced, and they quickly fall in love, much to Taita's chagrin, and she arranges to have Zaras join them in their long journey to Crete to marry the Minoan ruler. Since the most direct route to the Minoan homeland of Crete would require passing through Lower Egypt, the domain of the Hyksos, Taita and the princesses have to instead use an indirect route across the Red Sea and the deserts of Arabia to Babylon. He is then to attempt to convince King Nimrod of Babylon to likewise ally with Egypt, and from there proceed to Crete. The journey across the Arabian desert is dangerous: Tehuti is abducted by a band of brigands, but she is rescued by Taita and Zaras. Tehuti manages to convince Taita to allow her romance with Zaras to proceed, reminding him of what he had once done for her mother Lostris and her true father Tanus. They arrive at Babylon, where they find that Nimrod rules over an impoverished kingdom, as his father squandered much of the country's wealth in grandiose building projects meant to woo the goddess Ishtar to descending to earth. Leaning on the authority delegated to him by Pharaoh, Taita promises Nimrod the funds he will need to rebuild his military as an inducement for an alliance. He", "title": "Desert God" }, { "docid": "801819", "text": "The Twenty-eighth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XXVIII, alternatively 28th Dynasty or Dynasty 28) is usually classified as the third dynasty of the Ancient Egyptian Late Period. The 28th Dynasty lasted from 404 BC to 398 BC and it includes only one Pharaoh, Amyrtaeus (Amenirdis), also known as Psamtik V or Psammetichus V. Amyrtaeus was probably the grandson of the Amyrtaeus of Sais, who carried on a rebellion in 465–463 BC with the Egyptian chief, Inarus (himself a grandson of Psamtik III), against the satrap Achaemenes of Achaemenid Egypt. History As early as 411 BC, Amyrtaeus, a native Egyptian, revolted against Darius II, the Achaemenid Persian King and the last Pharaoh of the 27th Dynasty. Amyrtaeus succeeded in expelling the Persians from Memphis in 405 BC with assistance from Cretan mercenaries, and in 404 BC, following the death of Darius, proclaimed himself Pharaoh of Egypt. Although Artaxerxes II, Darius' successor as King of Persia attempted to lead an expedition to retake Egypt he was unable to do so, due to political problems with his brother, Cyrus the Younger. This allowed Amyrtaeus to solidify Egyptian rule over Egypt. Very little is known about Amyrtaeus' reign. No monuments from this dynasty have been found. In 398 BC Amyrtaeus was overthrown and executed by Nefaarud I, ending the 28th Dynasty and beginning the 29th Dynasty. Pharaohs of the 28th Dynasty References Sources O. Perdu, 'Saites and Persians (664-332),' in A.B. Lloyd (ed.), A Companion to Ancient Egypt (Chichester, 2010), 140-58 (at 153–7). J.D. Ray, 'Egypt: Dependence and Independence (425-343 B.C.)', in Achaemenid History 1 (Leiden, 1987), 79–95. See also History of Ancient Egypt States and territories established in the 5th century BC States and territories disestablished in the 4th century BC 28 404 BC 5th-century BC establishments in Egypt 398 BC 4th-century BC disestablishments in Egypt", "title": "Twenty-eighth Dynasty of Egypt" }, { "docid": "39990282", "text": "Amarna letter EA 19 is a tall clay tablet letter of 13 paragraphs, in relatively pristine condition, with some minor flaws on the clay, but a complete enough story that some included words can complete the story of the letter. Entitled \"Love and Gold\", the letter is about gold from Egypt (gold mine production), love between father-king ancestors and the current relationship between the King of Mitanni and the Pharaoh of Misri (Egypt), and marriage of women from King Tushratta of Mitanni to the Pharaoh of Egypt. Besides the Double Line Ruling, for paragraphing (7 paragraphs on obverse), an overwritten Single Line Rule is at clay tablet left margin, as well as cuneiform characters inscribed upon a vertical right margin line of Single Line Rule. (see left margin here: ) The Amarna letters, about 300, numbered up to EA 382, are a mid 14th century BC, around 1386 BC and 45 years later, correspondence. The initial corpus of letters were found at Akhenaten's city Akhetaten, in the floor of the Bureau of Correspondence of Pharaoh; others were later found, adding to the body of letters. The letter EA 19: Love and gold Letter three of thirteen between Tushratta and the Pharaoh of Egypt (named Misri in the letters). (Obverse only, Paragraphs I-VII): (Para I, 1-8)–Say to Nimmureya, Great King, the king of Egypt (Misri), [my] brother, my son-in-law, who loves me, and whom I lov[e]: Message of Tushratta, Great King, [your] father-in-law, who loves you, the king of Mitanni, your brother. For me all goes well. For you may all go well. For your household, for my sister, for the rest of your wives, for your sons, for your chariots, for your horses, for your warriors, for your country, and for whatever else belongs to you, may all go \"very, very well\"-(\"dan-is, dan-is\"). (Para II, 9-16)–As far back as the time of your ancestors, they always showed love to my ancestors. You yourself went even further and showed very great love to my father. Now, in keeping with our constant and mutual love, you have made it ten times-(Akkadian: a-na 10 šu—\"for ten times\") greater than the love shown my father. May the gods grant it, and may Tessup, my lord, and Aman and Tessup, my lord, and Aman make flour[ish] for evermore, just as it is now, this mutual love of ours. (Para III, 17-24)–When my brother sent Mane, his messenger, saying, (\"um-ma\")-\"Send your daughter here to be my wife and the mistress of Egypt,\" I caused my brother no distress and immediately I said, (\"um-ma\")-\"Of course!\" The one whom my brother requested I showed to Mane, and he saw her. When he saw her, he praised her greatly. I will l[ea]d her in safety to my brother's country. May Shaushka and Aman make her the image of my brother's desire. (Para IV, 25-29)–Keliya, my messenger, brou[ght] my brother's words to me, and when I heard (them), they were very pleasing, and I rejoiced very, very much, saying, (\"um-ma\")-\"'Certainly'", "title": "Amarna letter EA 19" }, { "docid": "66055848", "text": "The story of Moses in Islam includes his interaction with the ruler of Egypt, named Pharaoh (). The earlier story of Joseph in Islam refers to the Egyptian ruler as a king (). The story of Pharaoh is revealed in disjointed snippets throughout the Quran. He is first mentioned in Q2:49: ۝Remember when we delivered you from the people of Pharaoh, who grievously oppressed you, they slew your male children, and let your females live: Therein was a great trial from your Lord. In the Quran, Pharaoh drowned, but God said that he preserved the pharaoh's body as an example for generations to come (or made an example for coming generations). Pharaoh is last mentioned in Q89:13. Islamic literature Mohammad Asad in his commentary on Quran \"The message of the Qur'an\" reports that pharaoh and Haman were the titles of king of Egypt and high priest of Amon of the kingdom respectively at both Moses' birth story and at the Exodus of Egypt story 80 years later. Islamic literature states when the Pharaoh is informed that one of the male children would grow up to overthrow him, he orders the killing of all newborn Israelite males in order to prevent the prediction from occurring. Pharaoh's court advised him this would result in loss of manpower. Therefore, they suggest that male infants should be killed in one year but spared the next. Musa's brother, Harun, was born in the year when infants were spared, while Musa was born in the year when infants were to be killed. In Q89:5-13 Unbelievers are warned by the fate of Ád, Thamúd, and Pharaoh When Moses ('Musa') and Aaron ('Harun') arrive in court of Pharaoh, the Pharaoh begins questioning Musa about the God he follows. The Quran narrates Musa, answering the Pharaoh: ۝He answered, our Lord is he who giveth all things: He hath created them, and directed them by his providence ۝Pharaoh said, what therefore is the condition of the former generations and Musa answers that knowledge of the previous generations is with God. The Quran also mentions the Pharaoh questioning Musa: ۝ Pharaoh said, and who is the Lord of all creatures Musa replies that God is the lord of the heavens, the earth and what is between them. The Pharaoh then reminds Musa of his childhood with them and the killing of the man he has done. Musa admits that he has committed the deed in ignorance, but insists that he is now forgiven and guided by God. Pharaoh accuses him of being mad and threatens to imprison him if he continues to proclaim that the Pharaoh is not the true god. Musa informs him that he has come with manifest signs from God. When the Pharaoh demands to see the signs, Musa throws his staff to the floor, and it turns into a serpent. He then draws out his hand, and it shines a bright white light. The Pharaoh's counselors advises him that this is sorcery, and on their advice he", "title": "Pharaoh in Islam" }, { "docid": "24368923", "text": "Neithhotep or Neith-hotep was an ancient Egyptian queen consort who lived and ruled during the early First Dynasty. She was once thought to be a male ruler: her outstandingly large mastaba and the royal serekh surrounding her name on several seal impressions previously led Egyptologists and historians to the erroneous belief that she might have been an unknown king. As the understanding of early Egyptian writings developed, scholars learned that Neithhotep was in fact a woman of extraordinary rank. She was subsequently considered to be the wife of unified Egypt's first pharaoh, Narmer, and the mother of Hor-Aha. More recent discoveries suggest that Neithhotep might have instead been a spouse of Hor-Aha, and the mother and co-regent of successive ruler Djer. Archeological evidence also indicates that she may have ruled as pharaoh in her own right, and as such would have been the earliest known female monarch in history. Identity Name Neithhotep's name is connected to Neith, the goddess of war and hunting. This followed a tradition notably practiced during the first dynasty: many queens (such as Merneith/Meritneith, another possible female pharaoh and descendant of Neithhotep) and princesses (such as Aha-Neith, Her-Neith, Nakht-Neith and Qa'-Neith) also had names referencing the deity. Titles As a queen, Neithhotep bore several elite and pious titles: Foremost of the Women (Egypt. Khenty wat) Consort of the Two Ladies (Egypt. Semat Nebty) It is possible that Neithhotep bore more royal titles, but these haven't yet been discovered. At the time Neithhotep ruled, many royal titles for kings and queens had not yet been introduced. At this early state of hieroglyphic development, the early Egyptians may not have known how to express certain titles. Alternatively, the belief in the dynastic roles of queens was different from what it was in Meritneith's time. Attestations Neithhotep's name was found at Helwan, Abydos and Naqada. It appears on clay seal impressions, on ivory tags, and as inscriptions on stone bowls. Most of the objects were found in her burial complex and in the tombs of Aha and Djer. On several clay seals, Neithhotep's name was written inside a double serekh, and between the merged serekhs perches the divine standard of Neith. One unusual seal impression gives the name Hetepjw. New discoveries A new discovery site of Neithhotep's name lies in the Wadi Ameyra at the Sinai Peninsula. At the site, several rock carvings date to the kings Iry-Hor, Narmer, Djer and Nebra. King Djer's inscription depicts at its left a procession of royal festive boats, at the right a royal serekh with Djer's name inside. The Horus-falcon atop the serekh holds a war mace, clubbing a kneeling foe. Neithhotep's name appears at the left side diagonally above the serekh. Historical evaluations After the discovery of her mastaba, Neithhotep was thought to be a male ruler: her outstandingly large tomb and the royal serekh bearing her name on several seal impressions led Egyptologists and historians to the erroneous belief that she might have been a yet unknown king. However, as", "title": "Neithhotep" }, { "docid": "11138339", "text": "Ankhesenpepi I (also Ankhenespepi I or Ankhenesmeryre I) was a queen consort during the Sixth Dynasty of Egypt. Biography Ankhesenpepi was a daughter of the female vizier Nebet and her husband Khui, nomarch of Abydos. Ankhesenpepi's sister was Ankhenespepi II, and her brother was Vizier Djau. Both sisters – Ankhesenpepi I and II – were married to Pharaoh Pepi I whose throne name was Meryre; their name was probably taken when the marriage took place, since it means \"Her life belongs to Pepi/Meryre\". Both queens gave birth to successors of Pepi: the son of Ankhesenpepi I was Merenre Nemtyemsaf I, who ruled only for a few years; the son of Ankhenespepi II was Pepi II, who succeeded after Nemtyemsaf's death. She is mentioned together with her sister on their brother's stela in Abydos, also, at her pyramid, on an inscription now in Berlin, and a decree in Abydos. Her titles were: King's Wife, King's Mother, Great of Sceptre. See also South Saqqara Stone Sources Queens consort of the Sixth Dynasty of Egypt 24th-century BC women 23rd-century BC women Pepi I Meryre", "title": "Ankhesenpepi I" }, { "docid": "16174058", "text": "Meryibre Khety, also known by his Horus name Meryibtawy, was a pharaoh of the 9th or 10th Dynasty of Egypt, during the First Intermediate Period. Reign Some scholars believe that Meryibre Khety was the founder of the 9th Dynasty, a Herakleopolitan nomarch who gathered enough authority to claim himself the legitimate successor of the 6th Dynasty pharaohs. It seems that Meryibre ruled over his neighboring nomarchs with an iron fist, and it is likely for this reason that in later times this ruler became Manetho's infamous Achthoes, a wicked king who went insane and then was killed by a crocodile. Alternatively, other Egyptologists such as Jürgen von Beckerath believe instead that Meryibre reigned toward the end of the subsequent 10th Dynasty, shortly before king Merikare. Because of the contrasting opinions of scholars, Meryibre's reign is difficult to account and date with reliability; if he really was the founder of the 9th Dynasty, his reign should have conventionally begun in c. 2160 BCE, while in the second case his reign should have started about a century later. Attestations This ruler is known only for few objects. A sort of copper brazier or basket from a tomb near Abydos (found along with a scribe's palette bearing the name of king Merikare) and now exhibited at the Louvre Museum, an ebony wand from Meir now at the Cairo Museum (JE 42835), an ivory casket fragment from Lisht and some other minor finds. Thanks to those few monuments, however, Meryibre's royal titulary is the most complete amongst the known pharaohs of this period. Non-contemporary attestations The Turin King List is very scattered at this point and his name is not preserved in the list of Herkolepolitan rulers of the 9th and 10th dynasties. References External links Meryibre Khety's page on Eglyphica.net. 22nd-century BC Pharaohs Nomarchs Pharaohs of the Ninth Dynasty of Egypt Pharaohs of the Tenth Dynasty of Egypt Year of birth unknown Year of death unknown", "title": "Meryibre Khety" }, { "docid": "18085095", "text": "Sneferu (snfr-wj \"He has perfected me\", from Ḥr-nb-mꜣꜥt-snfr-wj \"Horus, Lord of Maat, has perfected me\", also read Snefru or Snofru), well known under his Hellenized name Soris ( by Manetho), was the founding pharaoh of the Fourth Dynasty of Egypt during the Old Kingdom. Estimates of his reign vary, with for instance The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt suggesting a reign from around 2613 to 2589 BC, a reign of 24 years, while Rolf Krauss suggests a 30-year reign, and Rainer Stadelmann a 48-year reign. He built at least three pyramids that survive to this day and introduced major innovations in the design and construction of pyramids. Reign length The 24-year Turin Canon figure for Sneferu's reign is considered today to be an underestimate since this king's highest-known date is an inscription discovered at the Red Pyramid of Dahshur and mentioning Sneferu's 24th cattle count, corresponding to at least 24 full years.<ref>Miroslav Verner, Archaeological Remarks on the 4th and 5th Dynasty Chronology\", Archiv Orientální'''. vol. 69, Praha 2001, p. 367</ref> Sneferu, however, was known to have a minimum of at least three years after the cattle count dates: his years after the 10th, the 13th and the 18th count are attested at his Meidum pyramid. This would mean that Sneferu ruled Egypt a minimum of 27 full years. However, in the Palermo Stone, recto 6 at the bottom of the fragment shows the year of the 7th count of Sneferu while recto 7 on the same following row shows the year of the 8th count of Sneferu. Significantly, there is a previous mostly intact column for Sneferu in recto 5 which also mentions events in this king's reign in a specific year but does not mention the previous (6th) year. This column must, therefore, be dated to the year after the 6th count of Sneferu. Hence, Sneferu's reign would be a minimum of 28 years. Since there are many periods in Sneferu's reigns for which Egyptologists have few dates—only the years of the 2nd, 7th, 8th, 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th, 17th, 18th, 23rd and 24th count are known for Sneferu before one considers the years after his cattle counts—this pharaoh is most likely to have had a reign in excess of 30 years to manage to build three pyramids in his long rule but not 48 years since the cattle count was not regularly biannual during his kingship. (There are fewer years after the count dates known for Sneferu compared to year of the count or census dates.) Family and succession Sneferu was the first king of the Fourth Dynasty of ancient Egypt, who according to Manetho reigned for 24 years (2613–2589 BC). Manetho was an Egyptian priest, living in the third century BC, who categorized the pharaohs of dynastic Egypt into thirty-one dynasties. Though his schematic has its flaws, modern scholars conventionally follow his method of grouping. The Papyrus Prisse, a Middle Kingdom source, supports the fact that King Huni was indeed Sneferu's predecessor. It states that \"the", "title": "Sneferu" }, { "docid": "33530017", "text": "Ba, also known as Horus Ba, is the serekh-name of an early Egyptian or ancient Egyptian king who may have ruled at the end of the 1st Dynasty, the latter part of 2nd Dynasty or during the 3rd Dynasty. Neither the exact length of his reign nor his chronological position is known. Name sources The only sure name sources for a king \"Ba\" are a fragment of green schist, found in the underground galleries beneath the Pyramid of Djoser at Sakkara, and the (6th Dynasty) mastaba tomb of the high official Ny-Ankh-Ba. Identity Very little is known about king Ba. The few archaeological evidences only assure the existence of such a ruler, but they give no further information. In 1899 the scientist Alessandro Ricci published a drawing of a serekh with a single leg (Gardiner-sign D58) as hieroglyph inside. The picture was seen in Volume No. 35 of the Zeitschrift für Ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde series. According to Ricci the serekh was found in a rock inscription at Wadi Maghareh, Sinai. The Egyptologists Jaroslav Černý and Michel Baude found out, that Ricci was referring to the rock inscription of the 3rd Dynasty king Sanakht. Ricci simply had misinterpreted the signs used for Sanakht's name – an upright sign of a rope loop, the zig-zag shaped sign for water and a branch-sign below – as a single leg-symbol. Egyptologists such as Černý and Peter Kaplony think that king Ba might be identical to the likewise sparsely attested king Horus Bird. This ruler wrote his name with the sign of a goose-like bird, but since the depiction of the bird-sign in question lacks artistic details allowing any identification, Egyptologists are disputing the correct reading and meaning of Horus Bird's name. Černý and Kaplony think that both king's names have the same transcription: \"Ba\". In this case Horus Ba and Horus Bird would be the same historical figure. Černý and Kaplony's theory is not commonly accepted. In contrast, Egyptologists such as Nabil Swelim think that Horus Ba was an immediate successor of the 2nd Dynasty king Nynetjer. He points to the name form of Nynetjer in the Abydos kinglist, which begins with the same hieroglyphic sign (a ram; Gardiner-sign E11) like the serekh name of Horus Ba. Swelim therefore believes that the Horus name of Ba was erroneously intermingled with the birth name of Nynetjer. Ba's burial site is unknown. See also List of pharaohs References External links Francesco Raffaele: Horus SNEFERKA - Horus Bird - Horus SEKHET (?) - Horus BA 27th-century BC Pharaohs Pharaohs of the First Dynasty of Egypt Pharaohs of the Second Dynasty of Egypt Pharaohs of the Third Dynasty of Egypt 3rd-millennium BC births 3rd-millennium BC deaths", "title": "Ba (pharaoh)" }, { "docid": "35218171", "text": "Horus Bird, also known as Horus-Ba, may have been a pharaoh who may have had a very short reign between the First and Second Dynasty of Egypt. Horus-Bird's burial site is unknown. Name sources There are very few reliable name sources for Horus-Bird. The first known attestation of this king may be a serekh with an undetailed bird found by Flinders Petrie in the tomb of Qa'a at Abydos. Another more legible inscription showing a serekh with a bird was later found on a vessel fragment PD IV n.108 in Djoser's pyramid complex at Saqqara. An inscription on a schist vase (P.D. IV n.97) from Djoser's pyramid complex could also refer to Horus-Bird. Since the hieroglyphic sign is written in such an erratic way, the correct reading remains uncertain. Whilst Egyptologists such as Wolfgang Helck and Peter Kaplony see a depiction of a goose, they read the name as Sa (which would make it a “Son of Horus”) or as Geb(eb) (which would make it an \"Heir of Horus\"). Egyptologist Nabil Swelim instead sees a depiction of a saddle-billed stork and reads Ba (making it a “Soul of Horus”). Identity Very little is known about King Horus-Bird. The few archaeological evidences point to the existence of one or more ephemeral rulers following Qa'a's death and before Hotepsekhemwy of which Horus-Bird may have been one. Egyptologists such as Jaroslav Černý and Kaplony think that Horus-Bird could be identical to the likewise sparsely attested King Horus-Ba. Indeed, this ruler wrote his name with the leg sign or the leg and ram signs, which read \"Ba\". Černý and Kaplony think that the bird in the serekh of Horus-Bird is the goose sign with the same transcription, \"Ba\". In this case Horus-Ba and Horus \"Bird\" could be the same historical figure. Černý and Kaplony's theory is not commonly accepted; the presence of the Horus-Bird serekh in the tomb of Qa'a pointing rather to an interregnum with Horus-Bird between the first and second dynasties. Possible battle with Sneferka Egyptologists such as Wolfgang Helck and Peter Kaplony believe that Horus Bird and Sneferka fought each other to gain the throne of Egypt. The struggles peaked in the plundering of the royal cemetery of Abydos, which was therefore abandoned. The struggle for the throne was possibly brought to an end by the founder of the 2nd dynasty, king Hotepsekhemwy. A piece of evidence supporting this theory is the Horus name of Hotepsekhemwy which means \"The two powers are reconciled\", and could relate to a re-unification of the Egyptian realm after a period of discord. References External links Francesco Raffaele: Horus SNEFERKA - Horus Bird - Horus SEKHET (?) - Horus BA 30th-century BC Pharaohs 29th-century BC Pharaohs Pharaohs of the First Dynasty of Egypt Pharaohs of the Second Dynasty of Egypt 3rd-millennium BC births 3rd-millennium BC deaths", "title": "Horus Bird (pharaoh)" }, { "docid": "1155244", "text": "The Uraeus () or Ouraeus (Ancient Greek: , ; Egyptian: , \"rearing cobra\", plural: Uraei) is the stylized, upright form of an Egyptian cobra, used as a symbol of sovereignty, royalty, deity and divine authority in ancient Egypt. Symbolism The Uraeus is a symbol for the goddess Wadjet. She was one of the earliest Egyptian deities and was often depicted as a cobra, as she is the serpent goddess. The center of her cult was in Per-Wadjet, later called Buto by the Greeks. She became the patroness of the Nile Delta and the protector of all of Lower Egypt. The pharaohs wore the uraeus as a head ornament: either with the body of Wadjet atop the head, or as a crown encircling the head; this indicated Wadjet's protection and reinforced the pharaoh's claim over the land. In whatever manner that the Uraeus was displayed upon the pharaoh's head, it was, in effect, part of the pharaoh's crown. The pharaoh was recognized only by wearing the Uraeus, which conveyed legitimacy to the ruler. There is evidence for this tradition even in the Old Kingdom during the third millennium BCE. Several goddesses associated with or being considered aspects of Wadjet are depicted wearing the uraeus as well. At the time of the unification of Egypt, the image of Nekhbet, the goddess who was represented as a white vulture and held the same position as the patron of Upper Egypt, joined the image of Wadjet on the Uraeus that would encircle the crown of the pharaohs who ruled the unified Egypt. The importance of their separate cults kept them from becoming merged as with so many Egyptian deities. Together, they were known as the Nebty or the Two Ladies, who became the joint protectors and patrons of the unified Egypt. Later, the pharaohs were seen as a manifestation of the sun god Ra, and so it also was believed that the Uraeus protected them by spitting fire on their enemies from the fiery eye of the goddess. In some mythological works, the eyes of Ra are said to be uraei. Golden Uraeus of Senusret II In 1919, after only a half-hour of excavation, the Qufti worker Hosni Ibrahim held in his hands the solid-gold Golden Uraeus of Senusret II. It had been decided to make a (follow-up) \"complete clearance\" of the El-Lahun Pyramid's rooms at Saqqara. The start in the rock-cut offering chamber, leading from the tomb, on the south, immediately revealed in the turnover of the six inches of debris, the Golden Uraeus crown ornament. Before Tutankhamun's tomb was found in 1922, this Golden Uraeus was the only ornament ever known to be worn by an entombed pharaoh, and it was thought that it was passed to the next pharaoh. The Golden Uraeus is of solid gold, , black eyes of granite, a snake head of deep ultramarine lapis lazuli, the flared cobra hood of dark carnelian inlays, and inlays of turquoise. To mount it on the pharaoh's crown, two loops in", "title": "Uraeus" }, { "docid": "1806314", "text": "The Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt is also known as the Bubastite Dynasty, since the pharaohs originally ruled from the city of Bubastis. It was founded by Shoshenq I. The Twenty-first, Twenty-second, Twenty-third, Twenty-fourth, and Twenty-fifth dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group designation of the Third Intermediate Period. Rulers The pharaohs of the Twenty-second Dynasty were a series of Meshwesh (ancient Libyan tribe) chieftains, who ruled from c. 943 BC until 716 BC. They had settled in Egypt since the Twentieth Dynasty and were known in Egypt as the 'Great Chiefs of the Ma' (Ma being a synonym of Meshwesh). Manetho states that this Egyptianized ancient Libyan dynasty first ruled over Bubastis, but its rulers almost certainly governed from Tanis, which was their capital and the city where their tombs have been excavated. Another pharaoh who belongs to this group is Tutkheperre Shoshenq. His period of rule within this dynasty is currently uncertain, although he is now thought to have governed Egypt early in the 9th century BC for a short time between Osorkon I and Takelot I. The next ruler at Tanis after Shoshenq V was Osorkon IV. This pharaoh is sometimes not believed to be a member of the 22nd Dynasty since he only controlled a small portion of Lower Egypt together with Tefnakhte of Sais, whose authority was recognised at Memphis—and Iuput II of Leontopolis. Pharaohs The known rulers during the Twenty-second Dynasty include: Twenty-Third Dynasty The so-called Twenty-Third Dynasty was an offshoot of this dynasty perhaps based in Upper Egypt, though there is much debate concerning this issue. All of its kings reigned in Middle and Upper Egypt including the Western Desert Oases. See also Twenty-second dynasty of Egypt Family Tree Notes References 10th-century BC establishments in Egypt 8th-century BC disestablishments in Egypt 9th century BC in Egypt Ancient Libya Berbers in Egypt 22 Nile Delta States and territories disestablished in the 8th century BC States and territories established in the 10th century BC Tanis de:Dritte Zwischenzeit (Ägypten)#22. Dynastie", "title": "Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt" }, { "docid": "43688095", "text": "The Northern Mazghuna Pyramid is an ancient Egyptian royal tomb which was built during the 12th or 13th Dynasty in Mazghuna, 5 km south of Dahshur. The building remained unfinished, and it is still unknown which pharaoh was really intended to be buried here since no appropriate inscription has been found. The pyramid was rediscovered in 1910 by Ernest Mackay and excavated in the following year by Flinders Petrie. Attribution When the two Mazghuna pyramids were rediscovered, scholars noticed many structural similarities between those two and Amenemhat III's pyramid at Hawara; for this reason the southern pyramid was attributed to the son and successor of this king, Amenemhat IV. Subsequently, the northern pyramid was attributed to the female-pharaoh Sobekneferu, sister of Amenemhat IV and last ruler of the 12th Dynasty. However, some scholars such as William C. Hayes believed that the two Mazghuna pyramids were built during the 13th Dynasty, on the basis of some similarities with the pyramid of Khendjer. In this case, the northern pyramid should have belonged to one of the many pharaohs who ruled between the beginning of the 13th Dynasty and the loss of control of the northern territory occurred during or after the reign of Merneferre Ay. Description The pyramid superstructure seem to have never been started, and the only information that can be determined from it is that the pyramid was planned larger than its southern neighbor, which has a side length of . The hypogeum is similar to the one of the southern pyramid but much more tortuous, changing direction six times. The entrance is on the north side. From there, a staircase leads down to a square chamber and then to another staircase and to the first quartzite blocking. After that, two other chambers are connected by a passage with a second, still unsealed blocking. After the third chamber, a stairway and then a corridor leads to the antechamber just prior to the large burial chamber: this room, partially covered by an inverted V-shaped ceiling, is entirely filled by a huge sarcophagus-vault, which was carved from a single block of quartzite. The never-used sarcophagus lid, a 42-ton quartzite slab, still awaits to be fitted in the chamber. All exposed quartzite, which was built in the pyramid, had been painted with red paint and sometimes also decorated with vertical black stripes. The function of a large room behind the burial chamber remain unknown. From the pyramid complex, the valley temple, the funerary temple and the enclosure walls had apparently left no traces. Only a large portion of the causeway has been discovered, as well as another blocking stone, likely abandoned due to a change of the pyramid's design. See also List of Egyptian pyramids References Rainer Stadelmann, Die ägyptischen Pyramiden. Vom Ziegelbau zum Weltwunder. Verlag Philipp von Zabern, 3. Aufl., Mainz 1997, p. 251, Miroslav Verner, Die Pyramiden. Rowohlt Verlag, Reinbek 1998, pp. 472–474, . External links The Mazghuna Pyramids 19th century BC in Egypt 18th century BC in Egypt Pyramids of", "title": "Northern Mazghuna pyramid" }, { "docid": "2430946", "text": "The royal titulary or royal protocol is the standard naming convention taken by the pharaohs of ancient Egypt. It symbolised worldly power and holy might, also acting as a sort of mission statement for the duration of a monarch's reign (although sometimes it even changed during the reign). The full titulary, consisting of five names, did not come into standard usage until the Middle Kingdom but remained in use as late as the Roman Empire. Origins In order that the pharaoh, who held divine office, could be linked to the people and the gods, special epithets were created for them at their accession to the throne. These titles also served to demonstrate one's qualities and link them to the terrestrial realm. The five names were developed over the centuries beginning with the Horus name. This name identified the figure as a representative of the god Horus. The Nebty name was the second part of the royal titular of Upper and Lower Egypt. This name placed the king under the protection of two female deities, Nekhbet and Wadjet and began sometime towards the end of the First Dynasty as a reference to \"The one who belongs to Upper and Lower Egypt\", along with mention of the Two Ladies. Beginning sometime in the Fourth Dynasty of Egypt, the Gold Falcon name (sometimes called the Horus of Gold) was created. The last two names of the king, the prenomen and the nomen, were generally depicted within the circular, roped cartouche of the king (eventually the cartouche would contain all royal names, including the queen and the royal children) and were known as the Throne name and the Son of Re name. Horus name 𓅃𓊁 The Horus name is the oldest form of the pharaoh's name, originating in prehistoric Egypt. Many of the oldest-known Egyptian pharaohs were known only by this title. The Horus name was usually written in a serekh, a representation of a palace façade. The name of the pharaoh was written in hieroglyphs inside this representation of a palace. Typically an image of the falcon god Horus was perched on top of or beside it. At least one Egyptian ruler, the Second Dynasty pharaoh Seth-Peribsen, used an image of the god Set instead of Horus, perhaps signifying an internal religious division within the country. He was succeeded by Khasekhemwy, who placed the symbols of both Set and Horus above his name. Thereafter, the image of Horus always appeared alongside the name of the pharaoh. By the time of the New Kingdom, the Horus name was often written without the enclosing serekh. Nebty (\"two ladies\") name G16 The Nebty name (lit. \"two ladies\") was associated with the so-called \"heraldic\" goddesses of Upper and Lower Egypt: Nekhbet, patron deity of Upper Egypt, represented by a vulture, and Wadjet, patron deity of Lower Egypt, represented by a cobra. The name is first definitively used by the First Dynasty pharaoh Semerkhet, though it only became a fully independent title by the Twelfth Dynasty. This particular", "title": "Ancient Egyptian royal titulary" }, { "docid": "2461733", "text": "Itjtawy or It-Towy (\"Seizer of the Two Lands\"), also known by its full name Amenemhat-itjtawy (\"Amenemhat seizes the Two Lands\"), was an ancient Egyptian royal city established by pharaoh Amenemhat I. As yet, Itjtawy’s exact location remains unidentified. Circumstantial evidence suggests that the site lies beneath cultivated fields east of the pyramids of Amenemhat I and Senusret I at Lisht. There is evidence that Amenemhat, the founder of the 12th Dynasty who ruled approximately 1991 to 1962 BC, established Itjtawy during his regnal year 20, replacing Thebes as the capital of Egypt. However, the earliest known mention of Itjtawy is dated to the pharaoh’s regnal year 30 (ten years later its presumed foundation), and is represented by the double-dated stela CG 20516 now in Cairo Museum. Relocation of the capital may have been a strategic move. The site for Itjtawy – hundreds of miles down the Nile from Thebes – may have been chosen for its proximity to the source of Asiatic incursions into Egypt, in order to help prevent further attacks. Since the determinative sign for Itjtawy is that of a fortified enclosure instead of the conventional city hieroglyph, Egyptologist Steven Snape suggested that Itjtawy was a \"disembedded capital\", a small center comprising administrative buildings and a royal residence, inhabited only by the administrative staff who ran those buildings; the major economic and cultural centers remained pre-existing cities such as Memphis and Thebes. Itjtawy retained its capital status during the 12th Dynasty and well into the 13th Dynasty at least until the rule of Merneferre Ay, the last pharaoh of the dynasty who is attested by objects from outside of Upper Egypt. It is believed that at this point the invasion of Lower Egypt by populations from Canaan occurred, which led to the fall of the Middle Kingdom into the Second Intermediate Period; the pharaohs of the 13th Dynasty thus abandoned Itjtawy and retreated back to Thebes in the south. See also List of ancient Egyptian towns and cities References 20th-century BC establishments Populated places established in the 2nd millennium BC Cities in ancient Egypt Former populated places in Egypt Lost ancient cities and towns Former capitals of Egypt Amenemhat I", "title": "Itjtawy" }, { "docid": "16173864", "text": "The Egyptian hieroglyph for \"perfect, complete\" (with the extended meanings of \"good, pleasant, well, beautiful\") in Gardiner's sign list is numbered F35; its phonetic value is , with a reconstructed pronunciation of and a conventional Egyptological vocalization of . Hieroglyphs and symbolism The triliteral Egyptian hieroglyph F35 ('nfr') has sometimes been explained as a representation of a lute; however, Egyptologists today no longer consider this hypothesis likely. Rather than a lute, the hieroglyph is actually a representation of the heart and trachea. It originally may have been the esophagus and heart. The striations of the windpipe only appear in the hieroglyph following the Old Kingdom of Egypt. The lower part of the sign has always clearly been the heart, for the markings clearly follow the form of a sheep's heart. Use The term has been incorporated into many names in Ancient Egypt. Examples include Nefertiti, Nefertari, and Neferhotep. Some scholars suggest that it was used in ancient Egyptian construction where 'nfrw' was used to denote 'level zero' of a building and in accounting where 'nfr' would refer to a zero balance. Pharaoh Nefer was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh who ruled for two years, one month, and a day, from 2197–2195 BCE, according to the Turin Royal Canon or the Turin King List. Even though he reigned during the reign of Pepi II Neferkare. He was probably the last pharaoh of the Sixth dynasty, even though he reigned through pharaoh Pepi II Neferkare of the late Sixth dynasty. He may have also reigned through pharaoh Neferka who also reigned through Pepi II Neferkare. He is a very obscure figure and pharaoh in all of the pharaohs. He is probably the most confusing reigning pharaoh of the Old Kingdom of Egypt (2686-2181) References Ancient Egypt: the Mythology - Nefer (Beauty) 22nd-century BC Pharaohs Beauty Egyptian hieroglyphs Ancient Egyptian words and phrases Heart Pharaohs of the Sixth Dynasty of Egypt Sheep in art Trachea Year of birth missing Year of death missing", "title": "Nefer" }, { "docid": "1014033", "text": "The 1790s BC was a decade lasting from January 1, 1799 BC to December 31, 1790 BC. During this decade, the Near East was in the midst of the Middle Bronze Age. Going by the middle chronology, the Babylonian Empire saw the death of its king, Sin-Muballit in c. 1792 BC. He was succeeded by Hammurabi, who would go on to compose the Code of Hammurabi, the best-preserved legal text from the ancient Near East. Shamshi-Adad I, king of Assyria, continued his conquests, defeating Yahdun-Lim of Mari. The Middle Kingdom of Egypt was ruled by the Thirteenth Dynasty at this time. The chronology of Pharaohs during this decade is uncertain, but Sonbef, Sekhemkare, Ameny Qemau, and Hotepibre have been suggested to rule during this decade. The Cemetery H culture had developed by this time in northern India: distinguishing features of this culture include the use of cremation of human remains, reddish pottery, apparent breakdown of widespread trade, and rice farming. In China, the semi-legendary Xia Dynasty was the dominant political force, and was possibly ruled by Jin of Xia at this time. Manning (2008) tentatively estimates the world population in 1799 BC as 85 million. Events and trends c. 1792 BC: Hammurabi starts to rule in Babylon, according to the middle chronology. c. 1792 BC: Work begins on the Stela of Hammurabi (now in the Louvre, Paris). Significant people Rim-Sin I, King of Larsa (1822–1763 BC) (Middle Chronology) Sin-Muballit, King of Babylon (1813–1792 BC) (Middle Chronology) Sumu-Epuh, King of Yamhad (1810–1780 BC) (Middle Chronology) Jin of Xia, semi-legendary Xia dynasty King of China (1810–1789 BC) Shamshi-Adad I, Amorite King of Assyria (1809–1776 BC) (Middle Chronology) Sonbef, Thirteenth Dynasty Pharaoh of Egypt (1800–1796 BC) Nerikare, Thirteenth Dynasty Pharaoh of Egypt (1796 BC) Sekhemkare, Thirteenth Dynasty Pharaoh of Egypt (1796–1793 BC) Ameny Qemau, Thirteenth Dynasty Pharaoh of Egypt (1793–1791 BC) Hammurabi, King of Babylon (1792–1750) (Middle Chronology) Hotepibre, Thirteenth Dynasty Pharaoh of Egypt (1791–1788 BC) Births Rim-Sin I, ruler of the Middle Eastern city-state of Larsa was born in circa 1790 B.C. according to Short Chronology estimates. References 18th century BC", "title": "1790s BC" }, { "docid": "1362960", "text": "The Third Intermediate Period of ancient Egypt began with the death of Pharaoh Ramesses XI in 1077 BC, which ended the New Kingdom, and was eventually followed by the Late Period. Various points are offered as the beginning for the latter era, though it is most often regarded as dating from the foundation of the Twenty-Sixth Dynasty by Psamtik I in 664 BC, following the departure of the Nubian Kushite rulers of the Twenty-fifth Dynasty after they were driven out by the Assyrians under King Ashurbanipal. The use of the term \"Third Intermediate Period\", based on the analogy of the well-known First and Second Intermediate Periods, was popular by 1978, when British Egyptologist Kenneth Kitchen used the term for the title of his book on the period. While Kitchen argued that the period was 'far from being chaotic' and hoped that his work would lead to the abolishment of the term, with his own preference being the 'Post-Imperial epoch', his use of the term as a title seems only to have entrenched the use of the term. The period was ruled by non-native Egyptians and is viewed as one of decline and political instability including division of the state, coinciding with the Late Bronze Age collapse of civilizations in the ancient Near East and Eastern Mediterranean (including the Greek Dark Ages). History Twenty-first Dynasty The period of the Twenty-first Dynasty is characterized by the country's fracturing kingship. Already during Ramesses XI's reign, the Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt was losing its grip on the city of Thebes, whose priests were becoming increasingly powerful. After his death, his successor, Smendes I, ruled from the city of Tanis, but was mostly active only in Lower Egypt, which he controlled. Meanwhile, the High Priests of Amun at Thebes ruled Middle and Upper Egypt in all but name. However, this division was less significant than it seems, since both the priests and pharaohs came from the same family. Twenty-second and Twenty-third Dynasty The country was firmly reunited by the Twenty-second Dynasty founded by Shoshenq I in 945 BC (or 943 BC), who descended from Meshwesh immigrants, originally from ancient Libya. This brought stability to the country for well over a century, but after the reign of Osorkon II, particularly, the country had effectively split into two states, with Shoshenq III of the Twenty-second Dynasty controlling Lower Egypt by 818 BC while Takelot II and his son Osorkon (the future Osorkon III) ruled Middle and Upper Egypt. In Thebes, a civil war engulfed the city, pitting the forces of Pedubast I, who had proclaimed himself pharaoh, against the existing line of Takelot II/Osorkon B. The two factions squabbled continuously and the conflict was only resolved in Year 39 of Shoshenq III when Osorkon B comprehensively defeated his enemies. He proceeded to found the Upper Egyptian Libyan Twenty-third Dynasty of Osorkon III – Takelot III – Rudamun, but this kingdom quickly fragmented after Rudamun's death, with the rise of local city states under kings such as Peftjaubast", "title": "Third Intermediate Period of Egypt" }, { "docid": "62950247", "text": "The Roman pharaohs, rarely referred to as ancient Egypt's Thirty-fourth Dynasty, were the Roman emperors in their capacity as rulers of Egypt, especially in Egyptology. After Egypt was incorporated into the Roman Empire in 30 BC, the people and especially the priesthood of the country continued to recognize the Roman emperors as pharaohs, according them traditional pharaonic titularies and depicting them with traditional pharaonic garb, engaging in traditional pharaonic activities, in artwork and at temples throughout Egypt. Though the Egyptians themselves considered the Romans to be their pharaohs and the legitimate successors of the ancient pharaohs, the emperors themselves never adopted any pharaonic titles or traditions outside of Egypt, as these would have been hard to justify in the Roman world at large. Most emperors probably gave the status accorded to them by the Egyptians little care and rarely visited the province more than once in their lifetime. Their role as god-kings was only ever officially acknowledged by the Egyptians themselves. This was a sharp contrast to the preceding dynasty of the Hellenistic Ptolemaic Kingdom, who had spent the majority of their lives in Egypt. Pharaohs before Egypt's incorporation into the Achaemenid Empire in the Late Period had also all ruled the country from within Egypt. Egypt was, however, governed differently from other Roman provinces, with emperors hand-picking governors for the region and often treating it more like a personal possession than a province. Though not all emperors were recognized as pharaohs, Egyptian religion demanded the presence of a pharaoh to act as the intermediate between humanity and the gods. The emperors filling this role proved to be the most simple solution, and was similar to how the Persians had been regarded as pharaohs centuries prior (constituting the Twenty-seventh and Thirty-first dynasties). Though Egypt continued to be a part of the Roman Empire until it was conquered by the Rashidun Caliphate in 641 AD, the last Roman emperor to be conferred the title of pharaoh was Maximinus Daza (reigned 311–313 AD). By his time, the view of Romans as pharaohs had already been declining for some time due to Egypt being on the periphery of the Roman Empire (in contrast to the traditional pharaonic view of Egypt as the center of the world). The spread of Christianity throughout the empire in the 4th century, and the transformation of Egypt's capital Alexandria into a major Christian center, decisively ended the tradition, due to the new religion being incompatible with the traditional implications of being pharaoh. The names of the emperors were written in hieroglyphs phonetically, based on the renditions of their names in Greek. This way of rendering the names led to the Roman pharaohs having a significant impact on modern Egyptology since the readings of their names marked an important step in the decipherment of hieroglyphs. History Cleopatra VII had affairs with Roman dictator Julius Caesar and Roman general Mark Antony, but it was not until after her 30 BC suicide (after Mark Antony's defeat against Octavian, who became Emperor", "title": "Roman pharaoh" }, { "docid": "2701411", "text": "Khaneferre Sobekhotep IV was one of the more powerful Egyptian kings of the 13th Dynasty (c. 1803 BC to c. 1649 BC), who reigned at least eight years. His brothers, Neferhotep I and Sihathor, were his predecessors on the throne, the latter having only ruled as coregent for a few months. Sobekhotep states on a stela found in the Amun temple at Karnak that he was born in Thebes. The king is believed to have reigned for around 10 years. He is known by a relatively high number of monuments, including stelae, statues, many seals and other minor objects. There are attestations for building works at Abydos and Karnak. Family Sobekhotep was the son of the 'god's father' Haankhef and of the 'king's mother' Kemi. His grandfather was the soldier of the town's regiment Nehy. His grandmother was called Senebtysy. Sobekhotep might have had several wives, only one of which is known for certain, the \"king's wife\" Tjan. Several children are known. These are Amenhotep and Nebetiunet, both with Tjan as mother. There are three further king's sons: Sobekhotep Miu, Sobekhotep Djadja and Haankhef Iykhernofret. Their mother is not recorded in extant sources. Royal court The royal court is also well known from sources contemporaneous with Neferhotep I, providing evidence that Sobekhotep IV continued the politics of his brother in the administration. The Vizier was Neferkare Iymeru. The treasurer was Senebi and the high steward a certain Nebankh. Royal activities A stela of the king found at Karnak reports donations to the Amun-Ra temple. A pair of door jambs with the name of the king was found at Karnak, attesting some building work. There is also a restoration inscription on a statue of king Mentuhotep II, also coming from Karnak. From Abydos are known several inscribed blocks attesting some building activities at the local temple The vizier Neferkare Iymeru reports on one of his statues found at Karnak (Paris, Louvre A 125) that he built a canal and a house of millions of years for the king. The statue of the vizier was found at Karnak and might indicate that these buildings were erected there. For year 6 is attested an expedition to the amethyst mines at Wadi el-Hudi in southernmost Egypt. The expedition is attested via four stelae set up at Wadi el-Hudi. From the Wadi Hammamat comes a stela dated to the ninth regnal year of the king. He was perhaps buried at Abydos, where a huge tomb (compare: S10) naming a pharaoh Sobekhotep was found by Josef W. Wegner of the University of Pennsylvania just next to the funerary complex of Senusret III of the 12th Dynasty. Although initially attributed to pharaoh Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep I, the style of the burial suggests a date of the tomb under Sobekhotep IV. Sobekhotep IV's rule over a divided Egypt While Sobekhotep IV was one of the most powerful 13th dynasty rulers and his control over Memphis, Middle Egypt and Thebes is well attested by historical records, it is believed", "title": "Sobekhotep IV" }, { "docid": "42444089", "text": "The Southern Mazghuna Pyramid is an ancient Egyptian royal tomb which was built during the 12th or the 13th Dynasty in Mazghuna, 5 km south of Dahshur, Egypt. The building was never finished, and is still unknown which pharaoh was the owner, since no appropriate inscription have been found. The pyramid was rediscovered in 1910 by Ernest Mackay and excavated in the following year by Flinders Petrie. Attribution The building shares some structural similarities to the Hawara pyramid of Amenemhat III, and for this reason it is usually attributed to his son Amenemhat IV (around the end of the 19th-century BCE). In parallel, the near northern Mazghuna pyramid is considered to be the tomb of his sister Sobekneferu, the last ruler of the 12th Dynasty. However, some researchers such as William C. Hayes believed that the southern pyramid was built during the 13th Dynasty, on the basis of some similarities with the pyramid of Khendjer. In this case, it should have belonged to one of the many pharaohs who ruled between the beginning of the 13th Dynasty and the loss of control of the northern territory occurred during or soon after the reign of Merneferre Ay. Description The pyramid has a side length of . The core masonry consists of mudbricks and only reaches a height of one to two layers. Casing stones were not found; therefore, it is impossible to determine information about the planned inclination angle and total height. The entrance of the pyramid is located in the middle of the south side. A staircase leads down to a short horizontal passage. Here is a wall niche, from where a blocking stone had been pushed into the passage. Another staircase leads to a second block, which, however, is still in its niche. Finally a U-shaped chamber system leads to the burial chamber, which is topped by a gable roof. There was an empty – but used – quartzite sarcophagus and some few grave goods (three limestone lamps, an alabaster duck-shaped vessel, a make-up vessel made from the same material and a piece of polished soapstone) were found in it. The complex is surrounded by a wavy wall, which incorporate the remains of the chapel in the middle of the east side; it consists of a large central chamber with two chambers on each side of the storehouse. The central chamber was attached in its southwestern corner with a sacrificial hall with a vaulted roof. See also List of Egyptian pyramids References Sources Mark Lehner, Das Geheimnis der Pyramiden in Ägypten. Orbis Verlag, München 1999, pp. 184–185, . Rainer Stadelmann, Die ägyptischen Pyramiden. Vom Ziegelbau zum Weltwunder. Verlag Philipp von Zabern, 3. Aufl., Mainz 1997, pp. 250–251, Miroslav Verner, Die Pyramiden. Rowohlt Verlag, Reinbek 1998, pp. 472–474, . External links The Mazghuna Pyramids 18th century BC in Egypt Pyramids of the Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt Pyramids of the Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt Buildings and structures completed in the 18th century BC 2nd-millennium BC establishments in Egypt 1910 archaeological discoveries", "title": "Southern Mazghuna pyramid" }, { "docid": "2326934", "text": "The Seventeenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XVII, alternatively 17th Dynasty or Dynasty 17) was a dynasty of pharaohs that ruled in Upper Egypt during the late Second Intermediate Period, approximately from 1580 to 1550 BC. Its mainly Theban rulers are contemporary with the Hyksos of the Fifteenth Dynasty and succeed the Sixteenth Dynasty, which was also based in Thebes. In March 2012, French archeologists examining a limestone door in the Precinct of Amun-Re at Karnak discovered hieroglyphs with the name Senakhtenre, the first evidence of this king dating to his lifetime. The last two kings of the dynasty opposed the Hyksos rule over Egypt and initiated a war that would rid Egypt of the Hyksos kings and began a period of unified rule, the New Kingdom of Egypt. Kamose, the second son of Seqenenre Tao and last king of the Seventeenth Dynasty, was the brother of Ahmose I, the first king of the Eighteenth Dynasty. Some mainstream scholars have suggested that the Seventeenth dynasty of Egypt had Nubian ancestry due to the expanded presence of Nubians in Egypt during that time period and the craniofacial evidence from X-ray examination of Seqenenre Tao who displayed strong affinities with contemporary Nubians. Donald Redford explicitly argues that Egyptians \"entered into the service of the king of Kush\" between seventeenth and sixteenth centuries BC, citing historical texts along with archaeological evidence that showed an increased Nubian presence from the third Cataract on the Nile as far north as Deir Rifeh. Redford summarises that a shared \"community of interest\" existed which coincided with the influx of Nubian pottery and weapons in Upper Egypt. There is no conclusive evidence that the founder of the dynasty, Rahotep, was of Nubian origin however and the dynasty is recognized as a native Egyptian dynasty by many scholars. Pharaohs of the 17th Dynasty The Pharaohs of the 17th Dynasty ruled for approximately 30 years. Known rulers of the 17th Dynasty are as follows: Finally, king Nebmaatre may have been a ruler of the early 17th Dynasty. Pharaonic Family tree See also List of pharaohs References External links Kings of the Second Intermediate Period: University College London States and territories established in the 16th century BC States and territories disestablished in the 16th century BC 17 16th century BC in Egypt 2nd-millennium BC establishments in Egypt 2nd-millennium BC disestablishments in Egypt 17", "title": "Seventeenth Dynasty of Egypt" }, { "docid": "2252705", "text": "Deshret () was the Red Crown of Lower Egypt. When combined with the Hedjet (White Crown) of Upper Egypt, it forms the Pschent (Double Crown), in ancient Egyptian called the sekhemti. The Red Crown in Egyptian language hieroglyphs eventually was used as the vertical letter \"n\". The original \"n\" hieroglyph from the Predynastic Period and the Old Kingdom was the sign depicting ripples of water. The word Deshret also referred to the desert Red Land on either side of Kemet (Black Land), the fertile Nile river basin. Significance In mythology, the earth deity Geb, original ruler of Egypt, invested Horus with the rule over Lower Egypt. The Egyptian pharaohs, who saw themselves as successors of Horus, wore the deshret to symbolize their authority over Lower Egypt. Other deities wore the deshret too, or were identified with it, such as the protective serpent goddess Wadjet and the creator-goddess of Sais, Neith, who often is shown wearing the Red Crown. The Red Crown would later be combined with the White Crown of Upper Egypt to form the Double Crown, symbolizing the rule over the whole country, \"The Two Lands\" as the Egyptians expressed it. Records No Red Crown has been found. Several ancient representations indicate it was woven like a basket from plant fiber such as grass, straw, flax, palm leaf, or reed. The Red Crown frequently is mentioned in texts and depicted in reliefs and statues. An early example is the depiction of the victorious pharaoh wearing the deshret on the Narmer Palette. A label from the reign of Djer records a royal visit to the shrine of the Deshret which may have been located at Buto in the Nile delta. The fact that no crown has ever been found buried with any of the pharaohs, even in relatively intact tombs, might suggest that it was passed from one reign to the next, much as in present-day monarchies. Toby Wilkinson has cited the iconography on rock art in the Eastern Desert region as depicting what he interpreted to be among the earliest representations of the royal crowns and suggested the Red Crown could have originated in the southern Nile Valley. Phonogram Deshret, the ancient Egyptian Red Crown, is one of the oldest Egyptian hieroglyphs. As an iconographic element, it is used on the famous palette of Pharaoh Narmer as the \"Red Crown of the Delta\", the Delta being Lower Egypt. The first usage of the Red Crown was in iconography as the symbol for Lower Egypt with the Nile Delta, horizontal letter 'n', Gardiner no. 35, N35 Later it came to be used in the Egyptian language as an alphabetic uniliteral, vertical form for letter \"n\" as a phoneme or preposition. It became functional in running hieroglyphic texts, where either the horizontal or vertical form preposition satisfied space requirements. Both the vertical and horizontal forms are prepositional equivalents, with the horizontal letter n, the N-water ripple (n hieroglyph) being more common, as well as more common to form parts of Egyptian", "title": "Deshret" }, { "docid": "2926095", "text": "The history of Persian Egypt is divided into two eras following the first Achaemenid conquest of Egypt punctuated by an interval of independence: Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt (525–404 BCE), also known as the First Egyptian Satrapy. Thirty-first Dynasty of Egypt (343–332 BCE), also known as the Second Egyptian Satrapy. Background In the 5th century BCE, Persian rulers, particularly Cyrus the Great, sought to expand their imperialist agenda to include Egypt. Expansionism was a key strategy for empires of the ancient world to establish military and economic dominance, and Egypt was a priority of Cyrus the Great's, in large part due to the desirability of the Nile river and valley as economic assets. The contemporaneous Egyptian pharaoh, Amasis, attempted to ward off the occupation by forming alliances with neighbouring rulers, in particular Polycrates of Samos, as those rulers also had a vested interest in preventing more significant Persian expansion in their region. This was successful for a time, and as such Persian occupation of Egypt was not achieved under Cyrus the Great. However, it would later be achieved under his son, Cambyses II. Thus, Persian rule in Egypt, also referred to as the Achaemenid Empire, was initiated under the rule of Cambyses II, who ousted the last of the Dynasty XXVI pharaohs, Amasis’ son, Psammetichus III. Egypt became an important and prosperous resource for the Persian Empire. The Persian, or Achaemenid, Empire existed between 525 and 330 BCE, though Persian rule was not consistent for the entirety of that period, as there were periods of restoration of Egyptian independence, in particular, in between the first and second Egyptian Satrapies. History First Egyptian satrapy Cambyses II became the Pharaoh of Egypt after his successful subsumption of Egypt into the Persian Empire. In doing so, Cambyses II was given the Pharaoh name of Mesuti Ra, beginning the 27th dynasty (the first Egyptian Satrapy) which lasted from 525 to 404 BCE. A Pharaoh name was a significant tradition for Egyptian royalty as it highlighted the perception of the pharaoh as being a vessel for the gods, and therefore, a divine being in their own right. Though, following the conquest, Cambyses did try to maintain respect for Egyptian culture and traditions, sources suggest that he was unpopular, particularly amongst Egyptian priests, as the subsumption of Egypt into the Persian empire meant the erasure of Egyptian culture as the mainstream. This tension manifested itself by way of the introduction of Persian traditions and norms into Egyptian life and law. One of these norms was that Cambyses did not believe that citizens should be taxed to support the temples, as was Egyptian tradition, which further alienated him from the support of Egyptian priests. Throughout Egyptian history, the temples, and by extension, the priests, were given immense support and a celebrated status. Therefore, by posing a threat to the economic support structure of the religious aspect of Egyptian life, Cambyses fundamentally altered a core aspect of Egyptian culture and life. Additionally, the conquered Egyptian people were considered secondary,", "title": "History of Persian Egypt" }, { "docid": "23979", "text": "Claudius Ptolemy (; , ; ; AD) was an Alexandrian mathematician, astronomer, astrologer, geographer, and music theorist who wrote about a dozen scientific treatises, three of which were important to later Byzantine, Islamic, and Western European science. The first was his astronomical treatise now known as the Almagest, originally entitled Mathematical Treatise (, ). The second is the Geography, which is a thorough discussion on maps and the geographic knowledge of the Greco-Roman world. The third is the astrological treatise in which he attempted to adapt horoscopic astrology to the Aristotelian natural philosophy of his day. This is sometimes known as the Apotelesmatika (, ) but more commonly known as the Tetrábiblos, from the Koine Greek meaning \"Four Books\", or by its Latin equivalent Quadripartite. Because the Catholic Church promoted his work, which included the only mathematically sound geocentric model of the Solar System, and unlike most Greek mathematicians, Ptolemy's writings (foremost the Almagest) never ceased to be copied or commented upon, both in late antiquity and in the Middle Ages. However, it is likely that only a few truly mastered the mathematics necessary to understand his works, as evidenced particularly by the many abridged and watered-down introductions to Ptolemy's astronomy that were popular among the Arabs and Byzantines. His work on epicycles has come to symbolize a very complex theoretical model built in order to explain a false assumption. Biography Ptolemy's date of birth and birthplace are both unknown. The 14th-century astronomer Theodore Meliteniotes wrote that Ptolemy's birthplace was Ptolemais Hermiou, a Greek city in the Thebaid region of Egypt (now El Mansha, Sohag Governorate). This attestation is quite late, however, and there is no evidence to support it. It is known that Ptolemy lived in or around the city of Alexandria, in the Roman province of Egypt under Roman rule. He had a Latin name, Claudius, which is generally taken to imply he was a Roman citizen. He was familiar with Greek philosophers and used Babylonian observations and Babylonian lunar theory. In half of his extant works, Ptolemy addresses a certain Syrus, a figure of whom almost nothing is known but who likely shared some of Ptolemy's astronomical interests. Ptolemy died in Alexandria . Naming and nationality Ptolemy's Greek name, Ptolemaeus (, Ptolemaîos), is an ancient Greek personal name. It occurs once in Greek mythology and is of Homeric form. It was common among the Macedonian upper class at the time of Alexander the Great and there were several of this name among Alexander's army, one of whom made himself pharaoh in 323 BC: Ptolemy I Soter, the first pharaoh of the Ptolemaic Kingdom. Almost all subsequent pharaohs of Egypt, with a few exceptions, were named Ptolemies until Egypt became a Roman province in 30 BC, ending the Macedonian family's rule. The name Claudius is a Roman name, belonging to the gens Claudia; the peculiar multipart form of the whole name Claudius Ptolemaeus is a Roman custom, characteristic of Roman citizens. This indicates that Ptolemy would have been", "title": "Ptolemy" }, { "docid": "6482871", "text": "Horwennefer ( \"Horus-Onnophris\"; ) was an Upper Egyptian who led Upper Egypt in secession from the rule of Ptolemy IV Philopator in 205 BC. No monuments are attested to this king but along with his successor Ankhwennefer (also known as Chaonnophris or Ankhmakis) he held a large part of Egypt until 186 BC. A graffito dating to about 201 BC on a wall of the mortuary Temple of Seti I at Abydos, in which his name is written (), is an attestation to the extent of his influence and the ideology of his reign. He appears to have died before 197 BC. The Abydene graffito, one of the few documents remaining from his reign, is written in Egyptian using Greek letters, the oldest testimony of a development which would end in the Coptic script replacing the native Egyptian demotic. References Bibliography The Jews of Egypt: From Rameses II to Emperor Hadrian by Joseph Mélèze-Modrzejewski, Princeton University Press 1997, p. 150 In popular culture A war elephant named Herwennefer can be found in the 2017 action-adventure video game, Assassin's Creed: Origins 3rd-century BC Pharaohs 2nd-century BC Pharaohs Non-dynastic pharaohs Egyptian rebels 190s BC deaths Year of birth unknown People from the Ptolemaic Kingdom Ancient rebels 3rd-century BC rebels", "title": "Horwennefer" }, { "docid": "24600630", "text": "The following outline is provided as an overview of a topical guide to ancient Egypt: Ancient Egypt – ancient civilization of eastern North Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in what is now the modern country of Egypt. Egyptian civilization coalesced around 3150 BCE (according to conventional Egyptian chronology) with the political unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under the first pharaoh. The many achievements of the ancient Egyptians include the quarrying, surveying and construction techniques that facilitated the building of monumental pyramids, temples, and obelisks; a system of mathematics; a practical and effective system of medicine; irrigation systems and agricultural production techniques; some of the first known ships; Egyptian faience and glass technology; new forms of literature; and the earliest known peace treaty. Its monuments have inspired the imaginations of travelers and writers for centuries. What type of thing is Ancient Egypt? Ancient Egypt can be described as: an ancient civilization a Bronze Age civilization part of ancient history Geography of ancient Egypt Places Abu Gorab Abu Mena Abu Rawash Abu Simbel Abusir Abydos Alexandria Al Fayyum/Atef-Pehu Amarna/Akhetaten Aswan Asyut Avaris Beni Hasan Bubastis Buhen Busiris (Lower Egypt) Buto Clysma Cusae Dahshur Deir el-Bahri Deir el-Medina Edfu El-Lahun Elephantine/Abu/Yebu Gebel el-Silsila Giza Hebenu Heliopolis/Annu/Iunu Herwer Hypselis Itjtawy Kom el-Hisn Luxor Memphis/Ineb Hedj Mendes Naucratis Pelusium Pi-Ramesses Rosetta Saqqara Sais Tanis/Djanet Thebes/Niwt/Waset Thinis more... Government and politics of ancient Egypt Pharaohs Pharaoh – an article about the history of the title \"Pharaoh\" with descriptions of the regalia, crowns and titles used. List of pharaohs – this article contains a list of the pharaohs of Ancient Egypt, from the Early Dynastic Period before 3000 BCE through to the end of the Ptolemaic Dynasty Coronation of the pharaoh Crowns of Egypt Dynasties of Ancient Egypt Ancient Egyptian royal titulary Government officials Vizier (Ancient Egypt) – the vizier was the highest official in Ancient Egypt to serve the king, or pharaoh during the Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms. Viceroy of Kush – the Lower Nubian Kush was a province of Egypt from the 16th century BCE to eleventh century BCE. During this period it was ruled by a viceroy who reported directly to the Egyptian Pharaoh. Treasurer (Ancient Egypt) – the treasurer was responsible for products coming to the royal palace. They were the main economical administrator of the royal belongings. Egyptian law Egyptian law Military of ancient Egypt Military of ancient Egypt Chariotry in ancient Egypt Ancient Egyptian Navy General history of ancient Egypt History of ancient Egypt History of ancient Egypt, by period Prehistoric Egypt – The Prehistory of Egypt spans the period of earliest human settlement to the beginning of the Early Dynastic Period of Egypt in ca. 3100 BCE. Naqada I or Amratian culture - a cultural period in the history of predynastic Upper Egypt, which lasted approximately from 4000 to 3500 BCE. Naqada II or Gerzeh culture - The Gerzean is the second of three phases of the Naqada Culture, and so is called", "title": "Outline of ancient Egypt" }, { "docid": "320084", "text": "The First Dynasty of ancient Egypt (Dynasty I) covers the first series of Egyptian kings to rule over a unified Egypt. It immediately follows the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt, possibly by Narmer, and marks the beginning of the Early Dynastic Period, when power was centered at Thinis. The date of this period is subject to scholarly debate about the Egyptian chronology. It falls within the early Bronze Age and is variously estimated to have begun anywhere between the 34th and the 30th centuriesBC. In a 2013 study based on radiocarbon dates, the accession of Hor-Aha, the second king of the First Dynasty, was placed between 3111 and 3045 BC with 68% confidence, and between 3218 and 3035 with 95% confidence. The same study placed the accession of Den, the sixth king of the dynasty, between 2928 and 2911 BC with 68% confidence, although a 2023 radiocarbon analysis placed Den's accession potentially earlier, between 3011 and 2921, within a broader window of 3104 to 2913. The dynasty Information about this dynasty is derived from a few monuments and other objects bearing royal names, the most important being the Narmer Palette and Narmer Macehead, as well as Den and Qa'a king lists. No detailed records of the first two dynasties have survived, except for the terse lists on the Palermo Stone. The account in Manetho's Aegyptiaca contradicts both the archeological evidence and the other historical records: Manetho names nine rulers of the First Dynasty, only one of whose names matches the other sources, and offers information for only four of them. Egyptian hieroglyphs were fully developed by then, and their shapes would be used with little change for more than three thousand years. Alena Buis noted: A study on First Dynasty crania from the royal tombs in Abydos noted affinities with Kerma Kushites. The general results demonstrate greater affinity with Upper Nile Valley groups, but also suggest clear change from earlier craniometric trends. The gene flow and movement of northern officials to the important southern city may explain the findings. Human sacrifice Human sacrifice was practiced as part of the funerary rituals associated with all of the pharaohs of the first dynasty. It is clearly demonstrated as existing during this dynasty by retainers being buried near each pharaoh's tomb as well as animals sacrificed for the burial. The tomb of Djer is associated with the burials of 338 individuals. The people and animals sacrificed, such as donkeys, were expected to assist the pharaoh in the afterlife. For unknown reasons, this practice ended with the conclusion of the dynasty. According to historian and linguist Christopher Ehret, the ritual practice of retainer sacrifice originated from the southern region in the Middle Nile. Ehret also stated that this cultural practice was shared with the Kerma kingdom of the Upper Nubian Nile region. Rulers Known rulers in the history of Egypt for the First Dynasty are as follows: See also Early Dynastic Period (Egypt) First Dynasty of Egypt family tree References Citations Bibliography .", "title": "First Dynasty of Egypt" }, { "docid": "2016343", "text": "Cleopatra III (; c.160–101 BC) was a queen of Egypt. She ruled at first with her mother Cleopatra II and husband Ptolemy VIII from 142 to 131 BC and again from 127 to 116 BC. She then ruled with her sons Ptolemy IX and Ptolemy X from 116 to 101 BC. Cleopatra III was also known as Cleopatra Euergetis while associated with her husband Ptolemy VIII or her son Ptolemy X. She is attested as Cleopatra Philometor Soteira while associated with her eldest son Ptolemy IX. According to Strabo, she was sometimes known as Kokke when discussed in relation to her son Ptolemy X. Life Cleopatra III's uncle Ptolemy VIII ruled together with her parents from ca 170 BC to 164 BC, at which point he expelled Cleopatra II and Ptolemy VI. However, he was soon forced to abdicate in 163 BC. Cleopatra III's parents retook the throne and remained in power for almost 20 years until 145 BC. Cleopatra III was born between 160 and 155 BC. She was a sister to Ptolemy Eupator, Cleopatra Thea, Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator, and possibly Berenice. Ptolemy VI died in 145 BC from injuries sustained when falling from his horse during the battle of Oinoparas against Alexander Balas. Cleopatra III's uncle Ptolemy VIII became the King of Egypt again. Joint rule with her mother and husband Ptolemy VIII first married Cleopatra III's mother Cleopatra II in 145 BC, and married Cleopatra III in c. 139 BC. Cleopatra II rebelled against Ptolemy VIII in c. 132 BC and Cleopatra III fled to Cyprus in 130 BC with her husband, but was able to return to Alexandria in 127 BC. In c. 124 BC Cleopatra III and her husband were joined again by her mother Cleopatra II as a joint ruler. Joint rule with her sons After the death of Ptolemy VIII in 116 BC Cleopatra III ruled jointly with her mother Cleopatra II and her son Ptolemy IX. Her mother died late into the same year or early into the next year (115 BC). Cleopatra III expelled Ptolemy IX from Alexandria in 107 BC and replaced him as co-regent with her second son Ptolemy X. After 6 years of joint rule Ptolemy X had his mother Cleopatra III murdered in 101 BC. Cleopatra III was succeeded by Ptolemy X, possibly in joint rule with his wife Berenice III, who was Cleopatra III's granddaughter. Issue Cleopatra III and Ptolemy VIII married in 142 or 141 BC and had five children: References 2nd-century BC births 101 BC deaths 2nd-century BC Egyptian women 2nd-century BC Egyptian people 2nd-century BC Pharaohs 2nd-century BC queens regnant Female pharaohs Murdered royalty Pharaohs of the Ptolemaic dynasty", "title": "Cleopatra III" }, { "docid": "43195853", "text": "The Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XXVI, alternatively 26th Dynasty or Dynasty 26) was the last native dynasty of ancient Egypt before the Persian conquest in 525 BC (although other brief periods of rule by Egyptians followed). The dynasty's reign (664–525 BC) is also called the Saite Period after the city of Sais, where its pharaohs had their capital, and marks the beginning of the Late Period of ancient Egypt. History This dynasty traced its origins to the Twenty-fourth Dynasty. Psamtik I was probably a descendant of Bakenranef. However, other sources describe him as of Libyan descent. Following the Neo-Assyrian conquest of Egypt during the reigns of Taharqa and Tantamani, and the subsequent collapse of the Napata-based Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt, Psamtik I was recognized as sole king over all of Egypt. Psamtik formed alliances with King Gyges of Lydia, who sent him mercenaries from Caria and ancient Greece that Psamtik used to unify all of Egypt under his rule. With the sack of Nineveh in 612 BC and the fall of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, both Psamtik and his successors attempted to reassert Egyptian power in the Near East but were driven back by the Neo-Babylonian Empire under Nebuchadnezzar II. With the help of Greek mercenaries, Pharaoh Apries was able to hold back Babylonian attempts to conquer Egypt. The Persians would eventually invade Egypt in 525 BCE when Emperor Cambyses II captured and later executed Psamtik III in the First Achaemenid conquest of Egypt. He founded the First Egyptian Satrapy, a territory of the Achaemenid Empire, was crowned the first pharaoh of the Dynasty XXVII. Archaeology In May 2020, an Egyptian-Spanish archaeological mission headed by Esther Ponce revealed a unique cemetery, which consists of one room built with glazed limestone dating back to the 26th Dynasty (also known as the El-Sawi era) at the site of ancient Oxyrhynchus. Archaeologists also uncovered bronze coins, clay seals, Roman tombstones and small crosses. On October 3, 2020, Egypt unveiled 59 coffins of priests and clerks from the 26th dynasty, dating to nearly 2,500 years ago. Art Pharaohs of the 26th Dynasty The 26th Dynasty may be related to the 24th Dynasty. Manetho begins the dynasty with: Ammeris the Nubian, 12 (or 18) years Stephinates, 7 years Nechepsos, 6 years Necho, 8 years. When the Nubian King Shabaka defeated Bakenranef, son of Tefnakht, he likely installed a Nubian commander as governor at Sais. This may be the man named Ammeris. Stephinates may be a descendant of Bakenrenef. He is sometimes referred to as Tefnakht II in the literature. Nechepsos has been identified with a local king named Nekauba (678–672 BC). Manetho's Necho is King Necho I (672–664 BC); Manetho gives his reign as 8 years. Necho was killed during a conflict with the Nubian king Tantamani. Psamtik I fled to Nineveh – capital of the Neo-Assyrian Empire – and returned to Egypt when Ashurbanipal defeated Tantamani and drove him back south. Scholars now start the 26th Dynasty with the reign of Psamtik I.", "title": "Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt" }, { "docid": "2119545", "text": "Merneith (also written Merit-neith and Meryt-Neith) was a consort and a regent of Ancient Egypt during the First Dynasty. She may have been a ruler of Egypt in her own right, based on several official records. If this was the case and the earlier royal wife Neithhotep never ruled as an independent regent, Merneith may have been the first female pharaoh and the earliest queen regnant in recorded history. Her rule occurred around 2950 BC for an undetermined period. Merneith’s name means \"Beloved by Neith\" and her stele contains symbols of that ancient Egyptian deity. She may have been Djer's daughter and was probably Djet's senior royal wife. The former meant that she would have been the great-granddaughter of unified Egypt's first pharaoh, Narmer. She was also the mother of Den, her successor. Family Merneith is linked with the kings Djer, Djet and Den in a variety of seal impressions and inscribed bowls. Merneith may have been the daughter of Djer, but there is no conclusive evidence. As the mother of Den, it is likely that Merneith was the wife of Djet. No information about the identity of her mother has been found. A clay seal found in the tomb of her son, Den, was engraved with \"King's Mother, Merneith\". It also is known that Den’s father was Djet, making it likely that Merneith was Djet’s royal wife. From Abydos comes a small ivory fragment with the remains of two figures. It is possible that they show Merneith together with her son king Den. Biography Merneith is believed to have become ruler upon the death of Djet. The title she held, however, is debated. It is possible that her son Den was too young to rule when Djet died, so she may have ruled as regent until Den was old enough to be the king in his own right. Before her, Neithhotep is believed to have ruled in the same way after her husband King Narmer died, as Narmer's son was too young to rule. Her name was written on a Naqada seal inside a serekh, which was the way the kings' names were written. This would mean Merneith may have actually been the second female in Egypt's first dynasty to have ruled as pharaoh. The strongest evidence that Merneith was a ruler of Egypt is her tomb. This tomb in Abydos (Tomb Y) is unique among the otherwise exclusively male tombs. Merneith was buried close to Djet and Den. Her tomb is of the same scale as the tombs of the kings of that period. Two grave stelae bearing her name were discovered near her tomb. Merneith's name is not included in the king lists from the New Kingdom. A seal containing a list of pharaohs of the first dynasty was found in the tomb of Qa'a, the third known pharaoh after Den, her son. However, this list does not mention the reign of Merneith. A few other pieces of evidence exist elsewhere about Merneith: Merneith’s name appears on", "title": "Merneith" }, { "docid": "1533110", "text": "The Sed festival (ḥb-sd, conventional pronunciation ; also known as Heb Sed or Feast of the Tail) was an ancient Egyptian ceremony that celebrated the continued rule of a pharaoh. The name is taken from the name of an Egyptian wolf god, one of whose names was Wepwawet or Sed. The less-formal feast name, the Feast of the Tail, is derived from the name of the animal's tail that typically was attached to the back of the pharaoh's garment in the early periods of Egyptian history. This tail might have been the vestige of a previous ceremonial robe made out of a complete animal skin. The ancient festival might, perhaps, have been instituted to replace a ritual of murdering a pharaoh who was unable to continue to rule effectively because of age or condition. Eventually, Sed festivals were jubilees celebrated after a ruler had held the throne for thirty years and then every three to four years after that. The festival, primarily, served to reassert pharaonic authority and state ideology. Sed festivals implied elaborate temple rituals and included processions, offerings, and such acts of religious devotion as the ceremonial raising of a djed, the base or sacrum of a bovine spine, a phallic symbol representing the strength, \"potency and duration of the pharaoh's rule\". The festival also involved symbolic reaffirmation of the pharaoh's rulership over Upper and Lower Egypt. Pharaohs who followed the typical tradition, but did not reign so long as 30 years had to be content with promises of \"millions of jubilees\" in the afterlife. Despite the antiquity of the Sed festival and the hundreds of references to it throughout the history of ancient Egypt, the most detailed records of the ceremonies—apart from the reign of Amenhotep III—come mostly from \"relief cycles of the Fifth Dynasty king Neuserra... in his sun temple at Abu Ghurab, of Akhenaten at East Karnak, and the relief cycles of the Twenty-second Dynasty king Osorkon II... at Bubastis.\" Festivals throughout history Old Kingdom There is clear evidence for early pharaohs celebrating the Heb Sed, such as the First Dynasty pharaoh Den and the Third Dynasty pharaoh Djoser. In the Pyramid of Djoser, there are two boundary stones in his Heb Sed court, which is within his pyramid complex. He also is shown performing the Heb Sed in a false doorway inside his pyramid. The two boundary stones would have functioned as symbolic reminders of Djoser's dominion over Upper and Lower Egypt, and their placement within his mortuary complex would allow the king to continue carrying out the Heb-Sed in perpetuity after his death. One of the earlier Sed festivals for which there is substantial evidence is that of the Sixth Dynasty pharaoh Pepi I Meryre in the South Saqqara Stone Annal document, as the document corroborates a reign of at least 40 years, despite its damage. In addition, there are alabaster containers commemorating Pepi I's first Sed festival. Given the subsequent First Intermediate Period, there is a lack of extant monuments and other", "title": "Sed festival" }, { "docid": "1085616", "text": "Psamtik III (Ancient Egyptian: , pronounced ), known by the Graeco-Romans as Psammetichus or Psammeticus (Ancient Greek: ), or Psammenitus (Ancient Greek: ), was the last Pharaoh of the Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt from 526 BC to 525 BC. Most of what is known about his reign and life was documented by the Greek historian Herodotus in the 5th century BC. Herodotus states that Psamtik had ruled Egypt for only six months before he was confronted by a Persian invasion of his country led by King Cambyses II of Persia. Psamtik was subsequently defeated at the Battle of Pelusium, and fled to Memphis where he was captured. The deposed pharaoh was carried off to Susa in chains, and later committed suicide. Family Psamtik III was the son of the pharaoh Amasis II and one of his wives, Queen Tentkheta. He succeeded his father as pharaoh in 526 BC, when Amasis died after a long and prosperous reign of some 44 years. According to Herodotus, he had a son named Amasis and a wife and daughter, both unnamed in historical documents. Defeat and imprisonment Psamtik ruled Egypt for no more than six months. A few days after his coronation, rain fell at Thebes, which was a rare event that frightened some Egyptians, who interpreted this as a bad omen. The young and inexperienced pharaoh was no match for the invading Persians. After the Persians under Cambyses had crossed the Sinai desert with the aid of the Arabians, a bitter battle was fought near Pelusium, a city on Egypt's eastern frontier, in the spring of 525 BC. The Egyptians were defeated at Pelusium and Psamtik was betrayed by one of his allies, Phanes of Halicarnassus. Consequently, Psamtik and his army were compelled to withdraw to Memphis. The Persians captured the city after a long siege, and captured Psamtik after its fall. Shortly thereafter, Cambyses ordered the public execution of two thousand of the principal citizens, including (it is said) a son of the fallen king. Captivity and suicide Psamtik's captivity and subsequent execution are described in The Histories by Herodotus, Book III, sections 14 and 15. Psamtik's daughter and the daughters of all the Egyptian noblemen were enslaved. Psamtik's son and two thousand other sons of noblemen were sentenced to death, in retaliation for the murder of the Persian ambassador and the two hundred crew of his boat. An \"old man who had once been the king's friend\" was reduced to beggary. All these people were brought before Psamtik to test his reaction, and he only became upset after seeing the state of the beggar. Psamtik's compassion for the beggar caused him to be spared, but his son had already been executed. The deposed pharaoh was then raised up to live in the entourage of the Persian King. After a while, however, Psamtik attempted to raise a rebellion among the Egyptians. When Cambyses learned of this, Psamtik is reported by Herodotus to have drunk bull's blood and immediately died. References External links", "title": "Psamtik III" }, { "docid": "23294", "text": "Pharaoh (, ; Egyptian: pr ꜥꜣ; ; Biblical Hebrew: Parʿō) is the vernacular term often used for the monarchs of ancient Egypt, who ruled from the First Dynasty () until the annexation of Egypt by the Roman Republic in 30 BCE. However, regardless of gender, \"king\" was the term used most frequently by the ancient Egyptians for their monarchs through the middle of the Eighteenth Dynasty during the New Kingdom. The earliest confirmed instances of \"pharaoh\" used contemporaneously for a ruler were a letter to Akhenaten (reigned –1336 BCE) or an inscription possibly referring to Thutmose III (–1425 BCE). In the early dynasties, ancient Egyptian kings had as many as three titles: the Horus, the Sedge and Bee (nswt-bjtj), and the Two Ladies or Nebty (nbtj) name. The Golden Horus and the nomen and prenomen titles were added later. In Egyptian society, religion was central to everyday life. One of the roles of the king was as an intermediary between the deities and the people. The king thus was deputised for the deities in a role that was both as civil and religious administrator. The king owned all of the land in Egypt, enacted laws, collected taxes, and served as commander-in-chief of the military. Religiously, the king officiated over religious ceremonies and chose the sites of new temples. The king was responsible for maintaining Maat (mꜣꜥt), or cosmic order, balance, and justice, and part of this included going to war when necessary to defend the country or attacking others when it was believed that this would contribute to Maat, such as to obtain resources. During the early days prior to the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt, the Deshret or the \"Red Crown\", was a representation of the kingdom of Lower Egypt, while the Hedjet, the \"White Crown\", was worn by the kings of Upper Egypt. After the unification of both kingdoms, the Pschent, the combination of both the red and white crowns became the official crown of the pharaoh. With time new headdresses were introduced during different dynasties such as the Khat, Nemes, Atef, Hemhem crown, and Khepresh. At times, a combination of these headdresses or crowns worn together was depicted. Etymology The word pharaoh ultimately derives from the Egyptian compound , * \"great house\", written with the two biliteral hieroglyphs \"house\" and \"column\", here meaning \"great\" or \"high\". It was the title of the royal palace and was used only in larger phrases such as smr pr-ꜥꜣ \"Courtier of the High House\", with specific reference to the buildings of the court or palace. From the Twelfth Dynasty onward, the word appears in a wish formula \"Great House, May it Live, Prosper, and be in Health\", but again only with reference to the royal palace and not a person. Sometime during the era of the New Kingdom, pharaoh became the form of address for a person who was king. The earliest confirmed instance where pr ꜥꜣ is used specifically to address the ruler is in a letter to the", "title": "Pharaoh" }, { "docid": "1587457", "text": "Djedkare Isesi (known in Greek as Tancheres) was a pharaoh, the eighth and penultimate ruler of the Fifth Dynasty of Egypt in the late 25th century to mid-24th century BC, during the Old Kingdom. Djedkare succeeded Menkauhor Kaiu and was in turn succeeded by Unas. His relationship to both of these pharaohs remain uncertain, although it is often conjectured that Unas was Djedkare's son, owing to the smooth transition between the two. Djedkare likely enjoyed a reign of more than 40 years, which heralded a new period in the history of the Old Kingdom. Breaking with a tradition followed by his predecessors since the time of Userkaf, Djedkare did not build a temple to the sun god Ra, possibly reflecting the rise of Osiris in the Egyptian pantheon. More significantly, Djedkare effected comprehensive reforms of the Egyptian state administration, the first undertaken since the inception of the system of ranking titles. He also reorganised the funerary cults of his forebears buried in the necropolis of Abusir and reformed the corresponding priesthood. Djedkare commissioned expeditions to Sinai to procure copper and turquoise, to Nubia for its gold and diorite and to the fabled Land of Punt for its incense. One such expedition had what could be the earliest recorded instance of oracular divination undertaken to ensure an expedition's success. The word \"Nub\", meaning gold, to designate Nubia is first recorded during Djedkare's reign. Under his rule, Egypt also entertained continuing trade relations with the Levantine coast and made punitive raids in Canaan. In particular, one of the earliest depictions of a battle or siege scene was found in the tomb of one of Djedkare's subjects. Djedkare is believed to have been buried in a pyramid in Saqqara named Nefer Djedkare (\"Djedkare is perfect\"), which is now ruined owing to theft of stone from its outer casing during antiquity. When excavated in the 1940s, the burial chamber contained mummified skeletal remains thought to belong to Djedkare. Examinations of the mummy revealed the individual died in his fifties. A clue to the identity of the remains came from skeletal and blood type comparisons with those of two females thought to be Djedkare's daughters buried in the nearby Southern Cemetery as Abusir. Radio carbon dating carried out on the effects of the three individuals revealed a common range of 2886-2507 BC, some 160–390 years older than the accepted chronology of the 5th Dynasty. After his death, Djedkare was the object of a cult that lasted at least until the end of the Old Kingdom. He seemed to have been held in particularly high esteem during the mid-Sixth Dynasty, whose pharaohs lavished rich offerings on his cult. Archaeological evidence suggests the continuing existence of this funerary cult throughout the much later New Kingdom (c. 1550–1077 BC). Djedkare was also remembered by the ancient Egyptians as the Pharaoh of Vizier Ptahhotep, the purported author of The Maxims of Ptahhotep, one of the earliest pieces of philosophic wisdom literature. The reforms implemented by Djedkare are generally assessed", "title": "Djedkare Isesi" } ]	[ "Hatshepsut" ]
train_21979	who is the oldest of the braxton sisters	[ { "docid": "1797689", "text": "The Braxtons are an American musical quintet consisting of singer Toni Braxton and her younger sisters, Traci Braxton, Towanda Braxton, Trina Braxton, and Tamar Braxton. Despite being commercially unsuccessful, the group's first single, \"Good Life\", led to oldest sister Toni's solo career. All five members reunited in 2011 to star in the WE tv reality television series Braxton Family Values alongside their mother, Evelyn Braxton. In October 2015, the group released the album Braxton Family Christmas. History The Braxtons' parents are Rev. Michael Braxton Sr. (born June 26, 1947) and Evelyn Braxton (born January 14, 1948). Their first child, Toni Michele Braxton was born on October 7, 1967. Michael Conrad Braxton Jr., the only son, was born on November 17, 1968, then Traci Renee Braxton was born on April 2, 1971. Traci died on March 12, 2022. Towanda Chloe Braxton was born on September 18, 1973. The Braxtons' fifth child Trina Evette Braxton, was born on December 3, 1974. The youngest sibling, Tamar Estine Braxton, was born on March 17, 1977. They are originally from Severn, Maryland. The sisters began to harmonize together when a then five-year-old Tamar demanded, \"somebody get me some toilet paper!\" Each sister and brother Michael soon after went in the bathroom and began singing the \"Toilet Paper Song\". The Braxtons credit this incident as their first song-writing experience and the first time that they harmonized as a group. Growing up, they sang in the choir at several churches and toured the East Coast with their religious parents singing at various events. 1989–1991: Good Life and lineup change Toni, Traci, Towanda, Trina, and Tamar Braxton signed their first record deal with Arista Records in 1989. In 1990, they released their first single, \"Good Life\". It would be their only single as a quintet. \"Good Life\" was not a hit, peaking at No. 79 on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles chart. At the time of the single's release, the members' age differences created a problem with marketing. Subsequently, the Braxtons were dropped from Arista Records. In 1991, during a showcase with Antonio \"L.A.\" Reid and Kenneth \"Babyface\" Edmonds, who were in the process of forming LaFace Records, Toni Braxton, minus her four sisters, was chosen and signed as the label's first female solo artist. At the time, the remaining members were told that LaFace was not looking for another girl group since it had just signed TLC. 1992–1995: Record deal and Traci's pregnancy After Toni's departure from the group in 1991, the remaining Braxtons members became backup singers for Toni's first U.S. tour, music videos, and promotional appearances. Traci, Towanda, Trina, and Tamar were featured in the music video for Toni Braxton's third single, \"Seven Whole Days\", from her debut album. In 1993, LaFace Records A&R Vice President, Bryant Reid, signed the Braxtons to LaFace. However, the group never released an album or single for the record label. When Reid moved on to work for Atlantic Records, he convinced executives at LaFace to allow him take the", "title": "The Braxtons" }, { "docid": "16891354", "text": "Trina Evette Braxton-Scales (born December 3, 1974) is an American singer and reality television personality. She is the younger sister of R&B singing icon Toni Braxton. Trina had her first big break in music in 1992 as a founding member of the R&B group the Braxtons, formed with her sisters. After losing two members, The Braxtons released their only album, So Many Ways, as a trio in 1996 along with four singles: \"So Many Ways\", \"Only Love\", \"The Boss\", and \"Slow Flow\". In 2011, Braxton reunited with her sisters for the We TV reality show, Braxton Family Values. The first season was the #1 rated reality show on WE tv, and the network ordered a 13-episode second season of the show after the third episode. Trina released her first solo single called \"Party or Go Home\" on March 2012. Since September 2018, Braxton is a co-host of \"Sister Circle\" talk show for the TV One and TEGNA networks from 12:00 p.m. – 1 p.m., along with Quad Webb-Lunceford, Syleena Johnson and Rashan Ali. Braxton has starred in several movies and launched a line of notably successful hair and bar companies. Trina Braxton is widely regarded as the Braxton sister with business acumen, having created several successful brands and other business endeavors, which lends her net worth to be 1.5 million dollars Early life She was born in Severn, Maryland. Her father, Michael Conrad Braxton Sr., was a Methodist clergyman and power company worker, and her mother, Evelyn Jackson, a native of South Carolina, was a former opera singer and cosmetologist, as well as a pastor. Braxton's maternal grandfather was also a pastor. Braxton has an older brother named Michael, Jr. (born in 1968) and four sisters named Toni (born in 1966), Towanda (born in 1973), Traci (1971-2022), and Tamar (born in 1977). Braxton and her siblings were raised in a strict religious household, and Braxton's first performing experience was singing in her church choir. Career 1990–1997: Career beginnings and The Braxtons Toni, Traci, Towanda, Trina, and Tamar Braxton signed their first record deal with Arista Records in 1989. In 1990, they released their first single, \"Good Life\". It would be their only single as a fivesome. \"Good Life\" was not a hit, peaking at No. 79 on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles chart. At the time of the single's release, the members' age differences created a problem with marketing. Subsequently, The Braxtons were dropped from Arista Records. In 1991, during a showcase with Antonio \"L.A.\" Reid and Kenneth \"Babyface\" Edmonds, who were in the process of forming LaFace Records, Toni Braxton, minus her four sisters, was chosen and signed as the label's first female solo artist. At the time, the remaining members were told that LaFace was not looking for another girl group since it had just signed TLC. After Toni's departure from the group in 1991, the remaining Braxtons members became backup singers for Toni's first U.S. tour, music videos, and promotional appearances. Traci, Towanda, Trina, and Tamar were", "title": "Trina Braxton" }, { "docid": "16891352", "text": "Traci Renee Braxton (April 2, 1971 – March 12, 2022) was an American singer, reality television personality, and radio personality. Early life Traci Renee Braxton was born in Severn, Maryland as the third child of her parents. Her father, Michael Conrad Braxton Sr., was a Methodist clergyman and power company worker, and her mother, Evelyn Jackson, a native of South Carolina, was a former opera singer and cosmetologist, as well as a pastor. Braxton's maternal grandfather was also a pastor. Traci Renee Braxton has an older brother, Michael Jr. (born in 1968), and four sisters, Toni (born in 1967), Towanda (born in 1973), Trina (born in 1974) and Tamar (born in 1977). Braxton and her siblings were raised in a strict religious household, and Braxton's first performing experience was singing in her church choir. Career 1989–1991: Career beginnings with The Braxtons Toni, Traci, Towanda, Trina, and Tamar Braxton signed their first record deal with Arista Records in 1989. In 1990, they released their first single, \"Good Life\". It would be their only single as a fivesome. \"Good Life\" peaked at No. 79 on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles chart. At the time of the single's release, the members' age differences created a problem with marketing. Subsequently, The Braxtons were dropped from Arista Records. In 1991, during a showcase with Antonio \"L.A.\" Reid and Kenneth \"Babyface\" Edmonds—who were in the process of forming LaFace Records—Toni Braxton, minus her four sisters, was chosen and signed as the label's first female solo artist. At the time, the remaining members were told that LaFace was not looking for another girl group, since they had just signed TLC. 1992–1995: Career complications and pregnancy After Toni's departure from the group in 1991, the remaining Braxtons ultimately became backup singers for Toni's first U.S. tour, music videos, and promotional appearances. The sisters—Traci, Towanda, Trina, and Tamar—made several televised appearances as backing vocalists with Toni, and gave answers during interviews, such as on The Today Show. They were also featured in the music video for Toni Braxton's third single, \"Seven Whole Days\", from her debut album. In 1993, LaFace Records A&R Vice President, Bryant Reid, signed The Braxtons to LaFace. However, the group never released an album or single for the record label. When Reid moved on to work for Atlantic Records, he convinced executives at LaFace to allow him take the group to Atlantic also. It was reported in Vibe magazine that in 1995, Traci Braxton had left the group to pursue a career as a youth counselor; however, it was not revealed until 2004–when Towanda Braxton appeared on season two of the reality show Starting Over—that Traci was not allowed to sign with Atlantic because of her pregnancy at the time. 2011–2014: Reality television and Crash & Burn In 2011, Braxton reunited with her sisters for the WE tv reality show, Braxton Family Values. She makes appearances as backing vocal singer of her sisters in some shows over the years. In 2013, Braxton and her husband", "title": "Traci Braxton" }, { "docid": "11997172", "text": "\"Good Life\" is a 1990 single by The Braxtons, featuring Toni Braxton and her four sisters: Towanda, Trina, Traci, and Tamar. \"Good Life\", written by the German songwriting/production team Klarmann/Weber, was Toni Braxton's first professional recording. Toni Braxton and her sisters signed with Arista Records as The Braxtons in 1989. In 1990, they released \"Good Life\", their first and only single as a fivesome. The single, backed with \"Family\" as a B-side, reached #79 on the Billboard Hot Black Single charts. The song wasn't a major hit but it caught the attention of the songwriting/production team of L.A. Reid and Babyface, who had just formed their own label, LaFace Records (associated with Arista). Toni Braxton was signed with LaFace as a solo artist. The Braxtons disbanded as a foursome but would later reunite as a threesome in 1996, when Trina, Tamar, and Towanda released So Many Ways on Atlantic Records. Traci was not signed because she was pregnant at the time. The Braxtons disbanded for good when Tamar left the group for a solo record deal. \"Good Life\" is featured on The Essential Toni Braxton. References Braxton Family values: 20 Fun Facts About Toni Braxton - article on WeTV 1990 singles Toni Braxton songs Songs written by Felix Weber (songwriter) 1990 songs Arista Records singles", "title": "Good Life (The Braxtons song)" }, { "docid": "9791703", "text": "The Essential Toni Braxton is a compilation album by the American recording artist Toni Braxton in Sony BMG's The Essential series. Released in February 2007, it follows the earlier compilations Ultimate Toni Braxton, released in 2003, and Braxton's Platinum & Gold Collection, released in 2004. The Essential is a 2 disc album with thirty-six of Braxton's best songs. It also includes a song done with her sister group The Braxtons, \"The Good Life\". Background \"The Essential Toni Braxton\" became Braxton's second compilation, following 2003's \"Ultimate Toni Braxton\". The compilation contains 2 discs, with the first containing the majority of her hits, and the second containing non-singles from her previous albums, as well as remixes, collaborations and unreleased tracks. It was released on February 20, 2007, in the United States. Content In addition to her previous hits, including \"Another Sad Love Song\", \"Breathe Again\", \"Un-Break My Heart\", \"You're Makin' Me High\", \"He Wasn't Man Enough\" and others, the first disc contains \"Tell Me\", from her 2002 album \"More Than a Woman\" and \"Give U My Heart\", a duet with Babyface to the soundtrack of the 1992 film Boomerang. The second disc contains some singles who performed very moderate on charts, such as \"Hit the Freeway\", many songs from her 1996 album \"Secrets\", the duet with Il Divo, \"The Time of Our Lives\", remixes from her remix compilation, \"Un-Break My Heart: The Remix Collection\", as well as her first single with her sisters, The Braxtons, called \"Good Life\". Critical reception Andy Kellman of Allmusic gave to the compilation a rating of 4.5 out of 5 stars, writing that the album \"amounts to an expanded update of 2003's Ultimate Toni Braxton, nearly doubling the content and digging deeper into the discography of one of the biggest R&B artists of the '90s. With the exception of favoring the R. Kelly remix of \"How Many Ways\" over the original, this set retains Ultimate's core 15 tracks while wisely choosing to use the studio version of \"Seven Whole Days\" instead of a live take. [...] Another pleasant surprise, tucked at the very end, is the inclusion of \"Good Life,\" a 1990 single released by Toni and her four sisters as the Braxtons. If you want only the big hits, Ultimate will still do fine, but this set offers a more rounded and representative look back.\" Mike Joseph of PopMatters gave the album 5 out of 10 stars, writing that, \"It's hard to imagine why this album was even released. [...] and while it's a nice thing to have, it's by no means essential. This compilation contains just about every popular note Braxton ever offered, with a couple of mediocre dance mixes thrown in to add a bit of value to the project. [...] As a single disc containing all the necessary hits, it's the album you should probably bypass this bloated Essential set in favor of.\" Chart performance \"The Essential Toni Braxton\" charted on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart, peaking at number 48, remaining for two", "title": "The Essential Toni Braxton" }, { "docid": "48764669", "text": "Braxton Family Christmas is a Christmas album, and second studio album overall, by R&B female group The Braxtons. It is the only album to feature all five Braxton sisters. The album was released on October 30, 2015, by Def Jam. Background and composition Braxton Family Christmas consists of eight tracks, including three covers of Christmas standards and carols (\"This Christmas\", \"O' Holy Night\", and \"Mary, Did You Know?\"), three original songs (\"Every Day is Christmas\", \"Blessed New Year\", and \"Under My Christmas Tree\") and a cover of Wham!'s \"Last Christmas\". The family's reality show, Braxton Family Values, featured footage of the sisters throughout the recording process. Critical reaction The Black Media reviewed the album in an article, \"The Braxton Family finally got it done. For four years fans have been waiting for the sisters to put a project out, together! We've seen Tamar Braxton's solo success, chart-topping hits, and grammy nods. Trina's successful single releases, and Bar Chix grand opening, Towanda's acting career, and assistant training services. Traci's radio career, and successful solo career and amazing album release, and of course Toni Braxton's return to music going platinum with Baby Face and winning a Grammy after almost quitting. Fans wanted one thing, a joint album...and we've got it\". Soul Tracks reviewed the album in an article, \"With unpredictable sales of full-length albums over the past decade, artist holiday collections have grown more scarce. That's why the release of a seasonal set by an act as storied and soulful as The Braxtons is a most welcome gift. Although only eight songs in length, Braxton Family Christmas is a delightful listen marked by an even mixture of standards and originals. It might not go down in history as memorably as sister Toni's own Snowflakes from 2001 (or Tamar's Winter Loversland from 2013), but hearing the five siblings together on several tracks for the first time in decades makes for some noteworthy musical moments. Toni serves as executive producer of Braxton Family Christmas, and she is, in fact, the focal point of roughly half the set (being the sole vocalist on the opening rendition of Donny Hathaway's \"This Christmas\" and the newly composed ballad, \"Blessed New Year\"). Tamar, Trina, Towanda, and Traci, however, brighten things harmonically—and with a few solo spots—on a finely tuned a cappella reading of \"O' Holy Night\" and a nostalgic remake of Wham!'s \"Last Christmas.\" But perhaps the high point of the set is a full-hearted, majestic interpretation of \"Mary, Did You Know?\" Toni's rich, deep tones and delicate phrasing make a bold impact from the get-go, with a touching string arrangement by Lee Blaske providing a sentimental feeling that's in perfect complement. The sisters trade leads throughout the tune, climaxing with an impassioned vocal interplay that is powerful without going over the top. Close in effect, but on a more lighthearted note, the upbeat \"Every Day Is Christmas\" (co-written by Toni and Babyface) evokes a warm mood with mellow production by Antonio Dixon and smoothly honed harmonies enhancing", "title": "Braxton Family Christmas" }, { "docid": "53235911", "text": "The fourth season of Braxton Family Values, an American reality television series, was broadcast on WE tv. The series aired from August 14, 2014 until November 12, 2015, consisting of 28 episodes. Its executive producers were Toni Braxton, Tamar Braxton, Vincent Herbert, Dan Cutforth, Jane Lipsitz, Julio Kollerbohm, Michelle Kongkasuwan, Lauren Gellert, Annabelle McDonald and Sitarah Pendelton. Braxton Family Values focuses on the lives of Toni Braxton and her sisters — Tamar, Traci, Towanda, and Trina — plus their mother, Evelyn. The season received generally favorable reviews from critics and was the most watched season with 1.5 million total viewers, up 8% compared to the previous seasons. Production Braxton Family Values was officially renewed for its fourth season on March 20, 2014, announced by WE tv. A teaser trailer was released on July 1, 2014, on WE tv's YouTube channel. The season premiered with \"Bright Lights, Big Breakdowns\" on August 14, 2014. The season went on a seven-month hiatus before returning on May 21, 2015, for its eleventh episode. The twenty-sixth episode \"Making Fetch Happen\" served as the season finale, airing on September 3, 2015. It was followed by a two-part special \"Braxton Family Secrets\" that aired on November 5, and November 12, 2015, which marked the conclusion of the season. Synopsis As Tamar and Towanda's feud continues to escalate, Towanda gets pushed to her breaking point. The sisters attempt to mend the bond of sisterhood again by going to a therapy retreat but it doesn't take long for Tamar and Traci to bump heads resulting Tamar to leave. The sisters rent a home in L.A. to work on an inspirational album together later deciding on recording a single together as the girls couldn't agree on the direction of the family album. Traci, Towanda and Trina surprise Tamar on stage during her solo tour, while Tamar doesn't react to the idea well the sisters get kicked out of the building leaving the sisters deeply hurt. Evelyn faces major surgery as the sisters rush to Los Angeles to be by her side. Tamar fears she can't be there for the operation. Trina announces she's filing for a divorce from her estranged husband Gabe after appearing in divorce court with Gabe resulting she and her two sons must move out of their home in five days. Traci is anxious about her teenage son's engagement, but she's not ready to tell her family. Toni wins her seventh Grammy Award for Best R&B Album at the 57th Annual Grammy Awards for her collaborative album \"Love, Marriage & Divorce\" with Babyface. Trina finds herself wrapped up in a new relationship with her contractor Jacent, the sisters meddle in Trina's love life and invite him to dinner. Tamar invites the sisters to the studio to listen to her new single If I Don't Have You and Toni brings the idea forward to record a Christmas album with the sisters. As the sisters get together in the studio recording tracks for the album, tensions arise with Toni", "title": "Braxton Family Values season 4" }, { "docid": "4900575", "text": "American singer Toni Braxton has released ten studio albums, five extended plays, six compilation albums, two remix albums, thirty-four singles (including three featured singles), two video albums and twenty-two music videos in a career spanning over 30 years. Braxton was born in Severn, Maryland, on October 7, 1967. Her mother, an opera vocalist, encouraged Braxton and her four sisters to sing in church at a young age. In 1990, songwriter Bill Pettaway discovered the sisters and helped them obtain a record deal with Arista Records, as the group titled The Braxtons; the group's debut single, \"Good Life\", was released the same year. Although the song failed to chart, Braxton's voice caught the attention of producers, L.A. Reid and Babyface, who signed her to their newly formed LaFace Records. In 1991, Braxton recorded songs for the soundtrack to the 1992 film Boomerang. Her solo debut single, \"Love Shoulda Brought You Home\", reached the top forty of the US Billboard Hot 100 chart and the top five of the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. Two years later, her self-titled debut album was issued through LaFace. The album topped the US Billboard 200 and R&B/Hip-Hop Albums charts and was certified eight-times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). It spawned four singles, including \"Breathe Again\", which peaked within the top ten in the United States, Australia, Canada, Ireland, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. The album has sold over ten million copies worldwide. Braxton's second studio album, Secrets, was released in 1996. Featuring songwriting and production by Reid, Babyface, Diane Warren, R. Kelly and David Foster, the album peaked at number two on the Billboard 200 chart and was certified eight-times platinum by the RIAA. It also made the top ten in many other countries including Canada, Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. The album features four singles, including two double A-sides. The first single, \"You're Makin' Me High\", became Braxton's first number one single in the United States, where it topped the Hot 100 and R&B charts. \"Un-Break My Heart\", the album's second single, topped the charts in the United States, Sweden, and Switzerland and peaked within the top five in Canada, Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom; it became the second biggest-selling single by a female artist in the United States. Secrets has sold about fifteen million copies worldwide. The following year, Braxton filed a lawsuit against LaFace, which asked for a release from her record contract. However, LaFace countersued, a move which prompted Braxton to file for bankruptcy. She spent the next year in a state of oblivion, but reached an agreement with LaFace the year after. Her third studio album, The Heat, was released in April 2000. The album debuted at number two on the Billboard 200 chart and topped the R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. It also reached number one in Canada and charted within the top ten in France, Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. The lead single, \"He Wasn't Man Enough\",", "title": "Toni Braxton discography" }, { "docid": "49173959", "text": "Toni Braxton: Unbreak My Heart (also known as Unbreak My Heart) is a 2016 American television biographical film about R&B singer Toni Braxton. It premiered at Lifetime on January 23, 2016. It derives its title from Braxton's book Toni Braxton Unbreak My Heart a Memoir and her most notable hit \"Un-Break My Heart\". The film stars Lex Scott Davis as Toni Braxton, Debbi Morgan as Evelyn Braxton, Skye P. Marshall as Towanda Braxton, Tiffany Hines as Tamar Braxton and Gavin Houston as Kenneth \"Babyface\" Edmonds. The film was directed by Vondie Curtis Hall and written by Susan McMartin, Toni Braxton and Nicole Jefferson. Plot Toni Braxton is one of five daughters raised in a devoutly Methodist household by their mother, Evelyn, and reverend father, Michael. Evelyn dreams of her daughters becoming famous singers. After the sisters audition as a group for record executive L.A. Reid, only Toni is offered a recording contract. Despite initial fears of upsetting her family, Toni accepts. Evelyn makes Toni promise to help her sisters once she has found success. At LaFace Records, Toni records with singer and producer Kenneth \"Babyface\" Edmonds. She releases a successful self-titled debut album in 1993. Toni hires her sisters as backup singers and dancers. After learning Toni had breast augmentation, the conservative Evelyn fears success is changing her daughter for the worse, but Toni's sisters are supportive. Toni is nominated for several Grammy awards and wins Best New Artist. She follows this up with the hit ballad \"Un-Break My Heart,\" resulting in her biggest success yet. During her latest tour, Toni learns that she is losing money due to the shows’ large scale and a lack of sponsors. After the tour ends, her manager informs her that she signed a bad record contract and is now $4 million in debt. Toni declares Chapter 7 bankruptcy and sues LaFace. She wins the case, but a condition of her settlement is to not publicly discuss it for a decade. Toni and keyboardist Keri Lewis begin a romantic relationship. When she unexpectedly gets pregnant, Toni decides to have an abortion because she's been using the acne medication isotretinoin, which can cause birth defects. Eventually, Toni and Keri get married and have two healthy sons: Denim and Diezel. For the sake of stability, Toni accepts a residency at the Flamingo Las Vegas. When Diezel is diagnosed with autism, she arranges for him to receive the best therapy available. Meanwhile, Evelyn and Michael's marriage ends when she discovers that he's had a mistress for nine years. Toni suffers from fatigue and fainting spells, culminating in her being hospitalized for cardiac arrest. She recovers, but is diagnosed with lupus and told to reduce her workload. She keeps her diagnosis a secret and cancels her Las Vegas residency, resulting in litigation from the show's vendors. Forced to declare bankruptcy, Keri and Toni's already strained marriage ends in a divorce. Toni reveals her lupus diagnosis to the public, hoping people will understand why she can no longer work", "title": "Toni Braxton: Unbreak My Heart" }, { "docid": "53236472", "text": "The fifth season of Braxton Family Values, an American reality television series, broadcast on WE tv. It premiered on May 19, 2016, and was primarily filmed in Atlanta, Georgia and Los Angeles, California. Its executive producers are Toni Braxton, Tamar Braxton, Vincent Herbert, Dan Cutforth, Jane Lipsitz, Julio Kollerbohm, Michelle Kongkasuwan, Lauren Gellert, Annabelle McDonald and Sitarah Pendelton. Braxton Family Values focuses on the lives of Toni Braxton and her sisters — Tamar, Traci, Towanda, and Trina — plus their mother, Evelyn. Production A teaser trailer revealing the renewal of Braxton Family Values season 5 was released on April 21, 2016, via WE tv's YouTube channel. The season premiered with \"Not My Momma!\" on May 19, 2016. The season went on a seven-month hiatus in August, 2016. On February 2, 2017, Towanda Braxton released a tea party themed teaser on her Instagram account announcing the series would continue on March 16, 2017, for its sixteenth episode. Synopsis Evelyn reveals the news to her daughters about her mini stroke sending the sisters into a panic. Toni and Tamar team up to persuade her to move back to L.A., but the other sisters want her to stay in Atlanta to recuperate. Towanda seeks her sisters help as her daughter Brooke needs to understand the changes a young girl faces leading to uncomfortable questions. Trina announces to her sisters that she has been going to therapy to deal with her issues at hand and confronts them. Trina contacts her ex-husband Gabe leading to visiting a therapist to form a reconciliation in order for her to move on once and for all but Gabe has other plans. Traci becomes worried after receiving some unsettling news from her doctor resulting her to undergo surgery. Trina visits a hypnotherapist to deal with her fear of birds, Tamar and Towanda help Trina to confront her fear by leaving Trina so she can face it alone. Toni has been singing about heartache, struggles and fears for years, but this season she conquers one major fear that's been holding her back. Traci goes back into the studio to record tracks for her sophomore album, she invites her sisters Toni, Towanda and Trina to a session later to find out they were tricked asking them to provide background vocals on the song \"Broken Things\". U.S. television ratings The season's premiere episode \"Not My Momma!\" attracted over 0.84 thousand viewers during its initial broadcast on May 19, 2016, including 0.38 thousand viewers in the 18–49 demographic via Nielsen ratings. The season's most watched episode \"Tabloids, Rumors, & Repercussions\", attracted over 1.02 million viewers during its initial broadcast on March 16, 2017, including 0.38 thousand viewers in the 18–49 demographic via Nielsen ratings. Toni did Not Appear In Episode 13. Episodes Home media The first volume of season 5 was released digitally to Amazon and iTunes store in the United States. References External links 2016 American television seasons 2017 American television seasons", "title": "Braxton Family Values season 5" }, { "docid": "1575092", "text": "Barry Hankerson (born August 3, 1947) is an American record producer, music label owner and manager. Hankerson is the founder of Blackground Records, and the uncle of late singer and actress Aaliyah. Career Born and raised in Harlem, New York City, Hankerson attended Central State University in Ohio, where he majored in sociology and played on the football team. After trying out unsuccessfully for the New York Jets, he moved to Detroit, Michigan, where he worked as a community organizer in the office of mayor Coleman Young in the early 1970s. Later in the decade, Hankerson moved into the entertainment industry, helping to produce the 1976 film Pipe Dreams, which he also costarred in with his then-wife Gladys Knight. He produced Ron Milner's play Don't Get God Started in 1988. Hankerson formed Blackground in 1993, as a result of unsuccessful efforts to sign his niece, Aaliyah, to big record labels. Using his connection with singer R. Kelly, whom he managed at the time, Hankerson obtained a contract with Jive to distribute the release of Aaliyah's debut album Age Ain't Nothing but a Number. Initially named Blackground Enterprises, the label switched its name to Blackground Entertainment and later Blackground Records in 2000. It co-operated with a publishing company founded by Hankerson, named Black Fountain Music. Hankerson served as Aaliyah's manager until 1995 when her father, Michael Haughton, took over as manager. Aaliyah remained on his label until her death on August 25, 2001. Additionally, Hankerson managed and produced The Winans, and was a percussionist on their albums Let My People Go and Decisions. He also managed Toni Braxton. Hankerson has been a strong supporter of Barack Obama, contributing heavily to both campaigns and producing a movie on him in 2012 titled The Obama Effect for the newly launched Blackground Pictures. It was directed by Charles S. Dutton and stars him, Katt Williams and Meagan Good. Personal life Hankerson married Gladys Knight in October 1974; after four years the couple divorced. He has one daughter and two sons; one with Knight, Shanga-Ali Hankerson and Jomo Hankerson, his oldest son, from a previous marriage. Hankerson is the brother of Diane Haughton and uncle to her and Michael Haughton's two children, American R&B singer Aaliyah and Rashad Haughton. Controversies Toni Braxton In 2007, Braxton filed a $10 million lawsuit against her former manager, Hankerson, alleging \"fraud, deception and double dealing,\" in addition to mismanaging her relationship with Arista Records. According to Braxton's lawsuit, Hankerson placed his personal financial interests ahead of hers by using 'double-talk' to compromise the relationship between Braxton and her former label, with Hankerson allegedly telling Arista that \"Braxton no longer wanted to record for Arista,\" and telling Braxton that \"Arista was not interested in working with her anymore\". The suit was settled with Braxton being forced to return a $375,000 advance to Hankerson, who would also receive a percentage of the sales of her next album, and Hankerson releasing Braxton from her contract with him. The settlement also temporarily limited", "title": "Barry Hankerson" }, { "docid": "56163950", "text": "The sixth season of Braxton Family Values, an American reality television series, was broadcast on WE tv. It premiered on March 22, 2018, and was primarily filmed in Atlanta, Georgia and Los Angeles, California. Its executive producers are Toni Braxton, Tamar Braxton, Dan Cutforth, Jane Lipsitz, Julio Kollerbohm, Michelle Kongkasuwan, Lauren Gellert, Annabelle McDonald, and Sitarah Pendleton. Braxton Family Values focuses on the lives of Toni Braxton and her sisters — Tamar, Traci, Towanda, and Trina — and their mother, Evelyn. Production On July 19, 2017, Trina Braxton said in a radio interview with ET Cali that they had just started filming the sixth season of Braxton Family Values. On December 20, 2017, Traci Braxton revealed on Instagram that the sixth season of BFV is \"coming real soon\". On December 28, 2017, We TV aired the seventh and last episode of the fifth season of Tamar & Vince and released a teaser clip for the next season of BFV. On June 27, 2018, it was reported that BFV would go on an indefinite hiatus after Toni, Towanda, Trina, Tamar, and Evelyn did not show up to film in Atlanta due to being underpaid. On July 19, 2018, WE tv announced that the remainder of the season would begin to air on August 16, 2018. After a family sit-down with Iyanla Vanzant, all five sisters returned to filming. The final ten episodes of Season 6 began airing in April 2019. Tamar appeared in 19 episodes out of 26 this season. Reality television stars Natalie Nunn, Phaedra Parks, and Tiffany Pollard made guest appearances on this season. Comedian Luenell, actress Kim Whitley, and rapper Flavor Flav also made guest appearances. Episodes References 2018 American television seasons 2019 American television seasons", "title": "Braxton Family Values season 6" }, { "docid": "53570520", "text": "The first season of Braxton Family Values, an American reality television series, was broadcast on WE tv. The series aired from April 12, 2011 until June 14, 2011, consisting of 11 episodes. Production In January 2011, WE tv confirmed that it had signed Toni Braxton for a reality series, entitled Braxton Family Values, which is marketed as one of the network's flagship shows. In its first four airings, Braxton Family Values averaged a 0.63 household rating, attracting 350,000 women in the 18–49 demographic, three times WE tv's average in the Tuesday 9 PM slot. Braxton Family Values was renewed for a second season on May 10, 2011. Originally the show was supposed to be on Bravo Television Channel and was slated to air in the fall of 2010. On February 12, 2010, Toni Braxton announced its premiere during an interview with Rap- Up Tv. Synopsis Braxton Family Values; Five sisters. Only one spotlight. Like their famous sister Toni Braxton, Traci, Towanda, Trina and Tamar were all blessed with singing talent and shared that gift as a group, The Braxtons, managed by their mom, Evelyn. Fast forward a few years and Toni is a megastar with hit after hit and millions of albums sold. Meanwhile, Traci documents her life in Maryland; Towanda pursues acting; Trina becomes a backup for Toni and a part-time wedding singer; and Tamar is working on getting her star to rise with her husband, Vince, a successful music industry executive. See if their super-close sisterly bond and unconditional love can get them through the ups and downs of life in the fab lane. U.S. television ratings The season's premiere episode \"The Bermuda Triangle\" attracted over 1.25 million viewers during its initial broadcast on April 12, 2011, including 0.700 thousand viewers in the 18–49 demographic via Nielsen ratings. Episodes References External links 2011 American television seasons", "title": "Braxton Family Values season 1" }, { "docid": "8367454", "text": "So Many Ways is the debut album by American R&B vocal group The Braxtons. Released on August 6, 1996, the album produced four singles; \"So Many Ways\", \"Only Love\", \"The Boss\" – which peaked at number-one in the Billboard Dance Charts – and \"Slow Flow\". \"So Many Ways\" peaked at No. 26 on the Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums charts and No. 3 on the Heatseekers Albums chart. Background The Braxtons originally started out in 1989. They first signed as a fivesome to Arista Records which consisted of Toni Braxton and her four sisters, Tamar, Trina, Towanda and Traci. In 1990, they released their first single \"Good Life\". It would be their only single as a fivesome. \"Good Life\" failed to become a hit and The Braxtons were dropped from Arista Records. Despite the single's underwhelming performance, Toni Braxton's vocals caught the attention of Antonio \"L.A.\" Reid and Kenneth \"Babyface\" Edmonds who were in the process of forming LaFace Records. Eventually, Toni signed as a solo artist and started her career in 1992. In 1996, three out of the four Braxtons, Trina, Tamar and Towanda reunited and released their album So Many Ways. Their older sister Traci, did not join them as she was pregnant at the time they signed a new contract. The album produced four singles: \"So Many Ways\", \"Only Love\", \"Slow Flow\" and \"The Boss\"; the latter peaked at number-one in the Billboard Dance Charts. Singles \"So Many Ways\" was released as the lead single from the album July 23, 1996. On August 17, 1996, The Braxtons released the video for the song, it was directed by Cameron Casey and featured actor Mekhi Phifer. The single was also used as the opening track for the soundtrack to the comedy film High School High. The song charted at 83 on Billboard Hot 100 and 22 on US R&B/Hip-Hop Songs in the US. The song reached the top 40 in the UK charting at 32 and in New Zealand the song charted at 17. The trio also performed a remixed version of \"So Many Ways\" with rapper Jay-Z on September 9, 1996, at the Soul Train Lady of Soul Awards. \"Only Love\" was released as the album's second single on January 25, 1997. The song charted at #52 on Billboard'''s Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs spending fourteen weeks in total on the chart. The song charted at #3 on New Zealand's Top 40 chart. A music video for this song was also released. \"The Boss\" was released as the album's third single in early 1997. A music video was released to promote the song. On February 1, 1997, the Masters At Work version topped the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart for one week a #1 in the United States. The song stayed in the chart for 14 weeks. On March 29, 1997, the song debuted at number 31 on the UK Singles Chart. The song spent a total of three weeks on the chart at numbers 50 and 69 respectively before leaving", "title": "So Many Ways" }, { "docid": "1755316", "text": "Toni Braxton is the debut studio album by American singer Toni Braxton, released on July 13, 1993, by LaFace Records and Arista Records. The album was primarily produced by L.A. Reid, Babyface, and Daryl Simmons. The album has sold 5,135,000 copies in the United States and 10 million copies worldwide. It earned Braxton several awards, including three Grammy Awards (for Best New Artist and two consecutive awards for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance in 1994 and 1995). She also won two American Music Awards (for Favorite Soul/R&B New Artist and Favorite New Adult Contemporary Artist) in 1994 and another one in 1995 (for Favorite Soul/R&B Album). Background Braxton and her four sisters Traci, Towanda, Trina, and Tamar signed with Arista Records as The Braxtons in 1989. The following year, the group released their debut single, \"Good Life\". Though the song was commercially unsuccessful, it attracted the attention of record executive Antonio \"L.A.\" Reid and record producer Kenneth \"Babyface\" Edmonds, who were shopping around for talent for their new label LaFace Records. Instead of signing the quintet, they opted to offer Braxton a contract as a solo artist. With only one year to finish at Bowie State University, where she was studying to become a music teacher, she relocated to Atlanta to pursue a singing career. Release The first single, \"Another Sad Love Song\", peaked at numbers seven and two on the Billboard Hot 100 and Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs charts, respectively. The album's second single, \"Breathe Again\", reached the top five of both the Hot 100 and R&B charts and at number two on the UK Singles Chart. Other singles were released from Toni Braxton in 1994, including \"You Mean the World to Me\", \"Seven Whole Days\", and the double A-side \"I Belong to You\"/\"How Many Ways\". In Japan, the album was released as Love Affair, also a song on the album. The Japanese edition contains the same track listing as the standard version; the only difference is the Obi strip and the bonus lyrics booklet written in Japanese. Critical reception Toni Braxton received mixed to positive reviews from music critics. Ron Wynn from AllMusic said that the album showcased Braxton as \"an elegant and earthy songstress, nicely balancing those seemingly divergent sentiments [...] Braxton's husky, enticing voice sounds hypnotic, dismayed, and disillusioned [...] but she's never out of control, indignant, or so anguished and hurt that she fails to retain her dignity.\" Los Angeles Times critic Connie Johnson wrote: \"Sounding like an unlikely hybrid of Phyllis Hyman, Anita Baker and Tracy Chapman, Braxton's sultry, earthy delivery makes her a standout in today's R&B arena.\" Similarly, People found that \"when Braxton slides into her lower register she echoes Anita Baker, and when she skips around the higher notes there's also a hint of Whitney Houston. The influences are there, but Toni Braxton is most definitely her own woman. On this sophisticated, stylish and soulful album, she slates her case.\" Mitchell May, writing for the Chicago Tribune, noted that \"Braxton wisely lets", "title": "Toni Braxton (album)" }, { "docid": "58293090", "text": "On Earth is the second and final studio album by American singer Traci Braxton. The album was released on August 24, 2018, through Soul World Entertainment. The album was preceded by the release of one single—\"Lifeline\" and one promotional single \"Broken Things\" featuring Toni Braxton, Towanda Braxton and Trina Braxton. The album features production for Dave \"DaveyBoy\" Lindsey (Monica, Missy Elliott) and production duo Chris N Teeb (Jennifer Lopez, Danity Kane). Background and release Following the release of her debut studio album Crash & Burn (2014), work began on her second studio album in late 2015. On May 17, 2016, during a Facebook live video on the Braxton Family Values page it was announced that Braxton would release a new single in 2016 titled \"Body Shots\" from her upcoming second studio album. On an episode of Braxton Family Values, Braxton and her sisters Toni, Towanda and Trina Braxton recorded \"Broken Things\" in the studio which was later added to the album. On March 23, 2018, on Soul World Entertainment's YouTube channel, uploaded two short episodes of a behind the scenes look on the recording process of the album titled \"Traci Braxton Now or Never\". \"Broken Things\" was released as a buzz single to promote the upcoming release of \"On Earth\" on April 11, 2018. On August 3, 2018, Braxton released her official lead single, \"Lifeline\". On August 17, 2018, Braxton announced via social media that her album \"On Earth\" was available for pre-order, announcing the release date, August 24, 2018. Two days later, Braxton revealed the album cover on her social media pages. Upon, release the album debuted at number 24 on the Billboard R&B Album Sales chart. Singles \"Lifeline\" was released as the album's lead single on August 5, 2018. Promotional songs \"Broken Things\" featuring Toni Braxton, Towanda Braxton and Trina Braxton was released as the album's promotional single on April 11, 2018, via several streaming services. Track listing Release history References 2018 albums Traci Braxton albums", "title": "On Earth" }, { "docid": "40198422", "text": "The 2013 Summer Tour was the third concert tour by American pop/R&B singer Toni Braxton. The tour kicked off in Las Vegas on August 9, 2013 and ended in Atlanta on August 31, 2013. Toni's sisters, Trina and Towanda Braxton, were featured on the tour as background singers. Setlist \"I Heart You\" \"How Many Ways\" \"Seven Whole Days\" \"You Mean the World to Me\" \"Another Sad Love Song\" \"Love Shoulda Brought You Home\" \"How Could an Angel Break My Heart\" \"Yesterday\" \"Just Be a Man About It\" \"I Love Me Some Him\" \"There's No Me Without You\" / \"Trippin' (That's the Way Love Works)\" / \"I Don't Want To\" \"Spanish Guitar\" \"Let It Flow\" \"Breathe Again\" \"Party or Go Home\" (performed by Trina Braxton) \"Please\" / \"Take This Ring\" / \"Hit the Freeway\" \"He Wasn't Man Enough\" Encore Band Musical Director/Piano: Davy Nathan Keyboards: Kevin Randolph Guitar: Roy Kariok Bass: Dammo Farmer Drums: Donald Barrett Background vocalists: Trina Braxton, Towanda Braxton Shows Festivals and other miscellaneous performances 31st annual Martin Luther King Jr. Concert Series Cancellations and rescheduled shows Box office score data References Toni Braxton concert tours 2013 concert tours", "title": "2013 Summer Tour (Toni Braxton)" }, { "docid": "56573960", "text": "\"Long as I Live\" is a song by American singer Toni Braxton from her eighth studio album Sex & Cigarettes (2018). Written by Braxton, Paul Boutin, and Antonio Dixon, whom also produced the track, it is a \"soulful '90s-style\" R&B and soul track that finds the singer struggling with breaking up and moving on from her past lover. The song was released on February 9, 2018 by Def Jam Recordings as the second single from the album, with an accompanying music video premiered on March 23, 2018 to coincide with the parent album's release. Upon its release, \"Long as I Live\" received positive reviews from music critics for its \"nostalgic\" feel, with Braxton's voice described \"as strong as ever\". The song won the 50th NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Song, Traditional, and also earned Braxton nominations for Best R&B Performance and Best R&B Song at the 61st Annual Grammy Awards, the former being her fifth overall and first nomination in eighteen years since \"He Wasn't Man Enough\". The song also attained commercial success for the singer in the States, becoming her eight chart-topper for five consecutive weeks on the US Billboard Adult R&B Songs, thus becoming the artist with the second most number one titles on the chart. It was also her first top fifteen entry on the R&B/Hip-Hop Airplay chart in nearly eighteen years since \"Just Be a Man About It\", and her first single to enter the component UK Singles Downloads Chart, peaking at number fifty-four. Braxton has since appeared on several daytime shows to promote the song, and eventually embarked on the eponymous As Long as I Live Tour to further perform the song and its parental album throughout 2019. Background and promotion On February 27, 2018, Braxton appeared on the daytime show Loose Women to promote \"Long as I Live\" and her upcoming album Sex & Cigarettes. A behind-the-scenes video was released on Braxton's Instagram account featuring the auditions of dancers for the music video. On March 21, 2018, she posted a 26-second teaser of the music video, announcing that it would premiere on WEtv after the season six premiere of Braxton Family Values on March 22, 2018. Music video The audio video was released to Braxton's VEVO channel on February 9, 2018. The music video was recorded on March 6, 2018, and released on March 23, 2018. The music video also features Braxton's younger sisters, Towanda and Tamar Braxton. Since its release the video has garnered over 100 million views on YouTube. Model Herly Ulysse starred in the video. Credits and personnel Credits adapted from the liner notes of Sex & Cigarettes. Walter Barnes – bass Paul Boutin – mixing, instruments, vocal producer Toni Braxton – vocals, vocal producer, writer Antonio Dixon – instruments, producer, writer Erick Walls – electric guitar Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts Release history References 2018 singles 2018 songs Toni Braxton songs Def Jam Recordings singles Songs written by Antonio Dixon (songwriter) Songs written by Toni Braxton", "title": "Long as I Live (Toni Braxton song)" }, { "docid": "44142067", "text": "\"Let Me Know\" is a song by American singer Tamar Braxton, featuring collaborative vocals by American rapper Future. Epic and Streamline Records released it as a digital download on October 7, 2014. Initially promoted as the lead single from Braxton's fourth studio album Calling All Lovers, it was replaced by her 2015 release \"If I Don't Have You\" and was only included on the record's Walmart deluxe edition. Al Sherrod \"A-Rod\" Lambert, Braxton, and Ericka J. Coulter wrote \"Let Me Know\", while Harmony Samuels and Tiyon \"TC\" Mack produced the song. It is a R&B ballad, with lyrics revolving around the need for communication within a relationship. It samples the chorus of American singer Aaliyah's 1994 cover of The Isley Brothers' single \"(At Your Best) You Are Love\" (1976). Critical response to \"Let Me Know\" was positive; several critics praised Braxton's vocals, specifically her whistle register. It peaked at number four on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles Billboard chart; the single also appeared on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and R&B/Hip-Hop Airplay Billboard charts. Braxton directed the song's music video, which featured her in various outfits. It received positive feedback from critics. Background and release \"Let Me Know\" was written by Al Sherrod \"A-Rod\" Lambert, Tamar Braxton, and Ericka J. Coulter, while it was produced by Harmony Samuels and Tiyon \"TC\" Mack. Mack was also the track's engineer, with Jaycen Joshua handling mixing and Gene Grimaldi serving as the mastering engineer. Ryan Kaul and Maddoxx Chhim provided additional support as assistant engineers. Jamia Nash sang background vocals. The single includes guest vocals by American rapper Future. After recording her parts of the song, Braxton said that she \"felt [Future] should be on it\" and had her manager Vincent Herbert set up the collaboration. Epic and Streamline Records released the song as a digital download on October 7, 2014. It was initially promoted as the lead single from Braxton's fourth studio album Calling All Lovers, but was later replaced by the 2015 track \"If I Don't Have You\" as its lead single. The Walmart deluxe edition of the album includes the song as a bonus track. In a 2017 interview, Braxton said that radio stations refused to play \"Let Me Know\" because it included a rapper. According to her, radio stations had requested a version without Future for airplay. Due to the experience, she said that she would never release a hip hop song in her future career. Composition and lyrics \"Let Me Know\" is a R&B ballad that lasts three minutes and 59 seconds. Its composition samples American singer Aaliyah's 1994 cover of The Isley Brothers' single \"(At Your Best) You Are Love\" (1976), by adopting the chorus \"let me know\". Elias Leight of Billboard described the sample as \"chipmunked\", or heavily edited. When discussing the reference, Braxton said that she was friends with Aaliyah through the business connections between Tamar's sister Toni Braxton and Aaliyah's uncle Barry Hankerson. She also identified herself as a fan of Aaliyah's music. Bianca", "title": "Let Me Know (Tamar Braxton song)" }, { "docid": "63069504", "text": "Kenisha LaCarol Pratt (February 13, 1980 – December 19, 2019) was an American songwriter and vocal producer, known for her songwriting credits on songs by artists such as Brandy, Toni Braxton, TLC, Yahzarah, Burhan G and Hadise, and her brother K-Young. Career Pratt, the daughter of an accomplished voice and piano teacher, was the older sister of Kenneth \"K-Young\" Pratt, songwriter and lead singer of R&B group 3rd Storee, and Keana Pratt. The siblings were raised in Inglewood, California. The recipient of a full music scholarship from guitarist Tommy Tedesco, Pratt received her degree from the Musicians Institute in Los Angeles, California. In the late 1990s, she ventured into professional songwriting under the tutelage of music producer Rodney \"Darkchild\" Jerkins with whom she worked on Michael Jackson's album Invincible (2001) and TLC's 3D (2002). The following year, she co-wrote several songs on Jerkins' regular collaborator Brandy's third studio album Full Moon, including lead single \"What About Us?\" for which Pratt was awarded a BMI Citation of Achievement Award the following year. Pratt would become a frequent collaborator on Brandy's subsequent projects Afrodisiac (2004) and Human (2008) apart from working with her on tracks which they co-wrote for other artists such as Toni Braxton. In addition, Pratt co-wrote the majority of her brother's solo debut album Learn How to Love, released in 2005, and was consulted by producers such as Mike City, Soulshock & Karlin, Bink!, Cool & Dre, Bryan Michael Cox, and Timbaland. Death In January 2020, K-Young took to Instagram to announce that his sister had died on December 19, 2019, at the age of 39. Songwriting credits Brandy – \"Anybody\", \"Apart\", \"What About Us?\", \"Nothing\", \"When You Touch Me\", \"Wow\" (Full Moon; 2002) TLC – \"Over Me\" (3D; 2002) Toni Braxton – \"Always\", \"Selfish\" (More Than a Woman; 2002) Yahzarah – \"One Day\" (Blackstar; 2003) Toni Braxton – \"Whatchu Need\" (Ultimate Toni Braxton; 2003) Brandy – \"Afrodisiac\", Sadiddy\" (Afrodisiac; 2004) Hadise – \"Bad Boy\" (Sweat; 2005) K-Young – Learn How to Love (2005) Mimi Terrell – \"Give It to Me\" (It's Mimi; 2005) Booty Luv – \"A Little Bit\" (Boogie 2nite; 2007) Burhan G – \"Can't Let U Go\", \"This Is Our World\" (Breakout; 2007) Li Yuchun – \"My Kingdom\" (Mine; 2007) Sibel – \"I'm Sorry\" (The Diving Belle; 2008) References African-American songwriters African-American women writers 1980 births 2019 deaths African-American women musicians 20th-century African-American people 21st-century African-American people 20th-century African-American women 21st-century African-American women", "title": "Kenisha Pratt" }, { "docid": "31586003", "text": "Braxton Family Values (abbreviated BFV) is an American reality television series that airs on WE tv and premiered on April 12, 2011. It chronicles the lives of the Braxton sisters—Toni, Traci, Towanda, Trina and Tamar and their mother, Evelyn. Braxton Family Values had received favorable reviews from critics and has been recognized as a \"guilty pleasure\" by several media outlets. The fourth season was the most watched season with 1.5 million total viewers, up 8% compared to the previous seasons. The show's spin-off series, Tamar & Vince, aired on WE tv from 2012 to 2017. Production In January 2011, WE tv confirmed that it had signed Toni Braxton for a reality series, entitled Braxton Family Values, which was being marketed as one of the network's flagship shows. In its first four airings, Braxton Family Values averaged a 0.63 household rating, attracting 350,000 women in the 18–49 demographic, three times WE tv's average in the Tuesday 9 pm slot. This led the network to renew the series for a 13 episode second season. In July 2011, WE tv ordered additional episodes for season two—bringing the season total to 26 episodes. In July 2012, WE tv renewed the show for a third season that debuted on March 14, 2013. The third season returned on November 14, 2013. The second half of season three resumes where the series left off prior to its hiatus, with Traci discovering that her husband may have cheated on her. Trina facing her own marital troubles and makes the decision to file for a divorce from her husband. Towanda is in celebration mode as she approaches a milestone birthday. Toni is in the midst of a career rebirth as she finishes up her new album \"Love Marriage & Divorce\" with Kenneth \"Babyface\" Edmonds and prepares for her first tour in over five years. Tamar has launched her album Love and War, her tour, and taking care of her newborn son. Season 3 averaged 1.4 million viewers. On March 20, 2014, WE tv announced the fourth season renewal of Braxton Family Values. Season 4 consisted of 26 episodes and premiered on August 14, 2014. On May 19, 2016, the fifth season aired to We tv. On May 12, 2017, Tamar Braxton announced in an interview with Billboard the series would return with a sixth season. On June 27, 2018, it was reported that the show would go on an indefinite hiatus during the filming of the remainder of the sixth season after Toni, Towanda, Trina, Tamar, and Evelyn did not show up to film in Atlanta due to being underpaid. On July 19, 2018, WE tv announced that the remainder of the sixth season would begin airing on August 16, 2018. The show was renewed for a seventh season, which premiered on November 5, 2020, on WE tv. In October 2021, Tamar Braxton confirmed the series would be returning for an eighth season but on another, unannounced network. In February 2024, WE tv confirmed on social media that the", "title": "Braxton Family Values" }, { "docid": "65727826", "text": "The seventh season of Braxton Family Values, an American reality television series, is broadcast on WE tv. It premiered on November 5, 2020, and was primarily filmed in Atlanta, Georgia and Los Angeles, California. Its executive producers are Toni Braxton, Dan Cutforth, Jane Lipsitz, Julio Kollerbohm, Michelle Kongkasuwan, Lauren Gellert, Annabelle McDonald, and Sitarah Pendleton. Braxton Family Values focuses on the lives of Toni Braxton and her sisters — Traci, Towanda, Trina, and Tamar, — plus their mother, Evelyn. Production In early 2020, there were rumors of the show being canceled, however, Tamar and Trina both shut down the rumors with Trina stating the show would return in March. In July 2020, Tamar cut ties with WE tv revealing she had only filmed a few episodes for the series' seventh season. On October 2, 2020, it was announced that the seventh season would premiere on November 5, 2020. On October 21, 2020, a trailer was released for the season which showed the family's reaction to Tamar's suicide attempt. The trailer was slammed by Tamar as disgusting and using her pain for ratings. Episodes References 2020 American television seasons", "title": "Braxton Family Values season 7" }, { "docid": "31945166", "text": "The Libra Tour was the second concert tour by American pop-R&B singer Toni Braxton. The tour, which was in support of her RIAA gold-selling album Libra, kicked off in Atlantic City, New Jersey, on March 10 and continued through mid-summer. Braxton played to sold-out shows across the US, performing in venues such as theaters, instead of arenas. The tour included a selection of songs from the new album, and featured hit songs from Toni Braxton, Secrets, The Heat and More Than a Woman. Toni's sisters, Tamar Braxton and Trina Braxton, joined the tour as background singers. Opening act James Stephens III (select dates) Set list \"Overture\" (Instrumental) \"Please\" \"Spanish Guitar\" \"He Wasn't Man Enough\" \"Take This Ring\" \"How Many Ways\" \"You're Makin' Me High\" \"Suddenly\"1 \"Shadowless\" \"Just Be a Man About It\" \"I Don't Want To\" \"Love Shoulda Brought You Home\" \"Seven Whole Days\" \"Another Sad Love Song\" \"You Mean the World to Me\" \"How Could an Angel Break My Heart\" \"Let It Flow\" \"Trippin' (That's the Way Love Works)\" \"I Wanna Be (Your Baby)\" Encore \"Breathe Again\" \"Un-Break My Heart\" 1 performed only at selected dates Additional notes On select dates, as Toni performed one of her signature ballads; she would choose a lucky gentleman to bring on stage, as she sat on his lap and sang. One of the many highlights throughout the show, and a rousing ovation from the crowd. Shows Festivals and other miscellaneous performances Hampton Jazz Festival Live at the Garden Summer Concert Series Essence Music Festival References Toni Braxton concert tours 2006 concert tours", "title": "Libra Tour" }, { "docid": "3305176", "text": "\"Please\" is a song by American recording artist Toni Braxton. It was written by Scott Storch, Makeba Riddick, Vincent Herbert, and Kameron Houff for her fifth studio album, Libra (2005), while production was chiefly helmed by Storch. One out of several songs on the album to feature a more hard-edged production, \"Please\" is a spare, mid-tempo R&B and hip hop song with a heavy bottom and zippy strings. Lyrically, it talks about how to handle a temptation in a relationship. The track was released as the album's lead single to US rhythmic and urban AC radio formats on May 30, 2005. While \"Please\" reached number thirty-six on Billboards Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, it failed to chart on the Billboard Hot 100, but instead reached number four on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart, making it one of Braxton's lowest-charting singles yet. \"Please\" was the only single from Libra for which a music video, directed by Chris Robinson, was shot. Background In September 2002, while gearing up for the release of her album More Than a Woman, Braxton discovered she was pregnant with her second child and she was subsequently forced to cancel many scheduled performances due to complications. Executives at Arista Records were reportedly frustrated with the timing of her second pregnancy since it prevented her from doing the extensive promotion for More Than A Woman, and though Braxton asked to push the album's release to 2003, the label refused. Released in November 2002, More Than A Woman garnered lackluster sales and failed to produce a hit single. Disappointed by its performance, which Braxton attributed to the little promotion activities that the Arista management had arranged for her due to her second pregnancy, she requested her manager Barry Hankerson to obtain a release for her from any future recording obligations to the label. In March 2003, Braxton issued a press statement saying she was leaving Arista for Hankerson's Universal-distributed Blackground Records. Soon after, she began recording her Blackground debut with husband Keri Lewis. The pair worked on several tracks for Libra, about seven or eight songs which made the first record they turned in to Blackground and requested the singer to make significant changes to Libra, prompting them to book additional recording sessions with producers, including musician Scott Storch, to place it in more hard-edged productions. Composition and lyrics \"Please\" was written by Storch along with Makeba Riddick, Kameron Houff, and Vincent Herbert, with production being handled by Storch. A frequent collaborator, Herbert had co-written and produced her 1994 hit \"How Many Ways. Vocal production was overseen by Keri Lewis, while Braxton's younger sister Tamar, Riddick, Kim Johnson and Keri Hilson all provided background vocals on \"Please\". Musically, \"Please\" is an upbeat R&B and hip-hop song that talks about how to handle a temptation in a relationship. Braxton starts the song singing, \"I know you watching all over here, trying to find a way to come into my situation, because you should know that it is so good to", "title": "Please (Toni Braxton song)" }, { "docid": "26298827", "text": "\"Make My Heart\" is a song by American singer Toni Braxton. It contains an interpolation from \"We're Going to a Party\" (1977) by Evelyn \"Champagne\" King. Written by Lucas Secon, Makeba Riddick, Joseph Freeman, Aubreya Gravatt, Theodore Life, Jr. and produced by Lucas Secon for Braxton's sixth studio album Pulse (2010), it was released on February 23, 2010 as the album's third and final single. Critical reception In a review of the album Pulse BBC.co.uk stated \"The brass-infused Make My Heart sees Braxton singing higher than her comfortable range, and Lookin’ At Me draws too obviously on Beyoncé's Halo, feeling similarly redundant for its too-high vocal and artificially-placed focus on young lust. These poppier tracks feel gratuitous, thrown in for measure to attract the younger crowd.\" AllMusic's Andy Kellman described the song as \"a rapturous club track put over the top by some of Braxton’s most athletic vocals.\" Release and promotion \"Make My Heart\" was released on February 23, 2010 to iTunes. On February 23, 2010 two EP's were released \"Make My Heart (Remixes, Pt. 1)\" and \"Make My Heart (Remixes, Pt. 2) to promote the song. Braxton performed \"Make My Heart\" on The Wendy Williams Show on February 11, 2010 and The Ellen DeGeneres Show on April 27, 2010. Music video The music video for \"Make My Heart\" was directed by Bille Woodruff and shot back-to-back with the video for \"Hands Tied,\" also directed by Woodruff. It was premiered on April 13, 2010. Braxton's sisters Towanda Braxton, Tamar Braxton, Traci Braxton, and Trina Braxton make cameo appearances in the video. Track listings Digital download \"Make My Heart\" – 3:27 Digital download (Remixes, Pt. 1) \"Make My Heart\" (Dario Caminita & Andrea Corelli Radio Edit) – 3:28 \"Make My Heart\" (Dario Caminita & Andrea Corelli Remix) – 7:04 \"Make My Heart\" (Dario Caminita & Andrea Corelli Dub Trip) – 7:29 \"Make My Heart\" (Justin Michael & Kemal Radio Mix) – 3:26 \"Make My Heart\" (Justin Michael & Kemal Remix) – 6:37 \"Make My Heart\" (Chris Malinchak Remix) – 3:26 \"Make My Heart\" (Aqua Diva Radio Edit) – 3:08 \"Make My Heart\" (Aqua Diva Vocal Mix) – 5:55 \"Make My Heart\" (Aqua Diva Dub) – 5:54 \"Make My Heart\" (Anthony Louis & Andrea Monta Club Remix) – 5:36 \"Make My Heart\" (DJ Kharma Radio Edit) – 3:52 \"Make My Heart\" (DJ Kharma Extended Mix 1) – 6:46 Digital download (Remixes, Pt. 2) \"Make My Heart\" (Kim Fai Remix) – 6:53 \"Make My Heart\" (Norman Doray Olympic Remix) – 8:37 \"Make My Heart\" (Norman Doray Olympic Dub) – 8:38 \"Make My Heart\" (Behrouz Club Mix) – 6:39 \"Make My Heart\" (Hagenaar & Albrecht Vocal Mix) – 7:18 \"Make My Heart\" (Hagenaar & Albrecht Dub) – 7:17 \"Make My Heart\" (Stereo Palma Vocal Club Mix) – 7:07 \"Make My Heart\" (Stereo Palma Dub) – 7:04 \"Make My Heart\" (Siege Vocal Mix) – 6:11 \"Make My Heart\" (Siege Dub) – 6:11 Credits and personnel Credits adapted from Pulse liner notes. Song credits Writing –", "title": "Make My Heart" }, { "docid": "6575788", "text": "\"Seven Whole Days\" is a song performed by American singer Toni Braxton. It serves as the third single from her self-titled debut album (1993). It was released on October 8, 1993 by LaFace and Arista Records. Written and produced by Kenneth Edmonds, Antonio Reid and Daryl Simmons, the track describes a romance that was fading. As the single was not commercially released in the United States, it was ineligible to chart on the Billboard Hot 100, and only managed to chart on the Hot 100 Airplay at number forty-eight in early March 1994. Nevertheless, it successfully topped the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Airplay in late January 1994. \"Seven Whole Days\" is featured on The Essential Toni Braxton and Playlist: The Very Best of Toni Braxton. Critical reception In his review of Toni Braxton, John Martinucci from the Gavin Report found that Braxton \"creates steamy sensuality\" with \"Seven Whole Days\". Caroline Sullivan from The Guardian noted the singer's \"a boys-beware growl\" on the \"easy-going\" track. Pan-European magazine Music & Media wrote that it \"could melt even the North Pole.\" Ralph Tee from Music Weeks RM Dance Update stated that it is \"the closest Toni gets to Anita Baker territory vocally.\" Mike Joyce from The Washington Post felt the song \"have a depth\". Music video The official music video for \"Seven Whole Days\" was shot while Braxton was on tour with her four sisters Traci, Towanda, Trina and Tamar featured as background singers. It was released in 1993 and directed by Lionel C. Martin. The video was later released on Braxton's VEVO channel on October 25, 2009, and is in both color and black and white. It had generated more than 25 million views as of January 2024. Track listing US Vinyl, 12\", 33 ⅓ RPM (73008-24063-1) A1 \"Seven Whole Days\" (Ghetto Vibe) – 6:35 A2 \"Seven Whole Days\" (Ghetto Vibe Instrumental) – 6:36 B1 \"Seven Whole Days\" (Album Version) – 6:22 B2 \"Seven Whole Days\" (Live Version) – 6:15 B3 \"The Christmas Song\" – 3:25 US Promo CD' (LFPCD-4062) \"Seven Whole Days\" (Radio Edit) – 4:42 \"Seven Whole Days\" (Live Radio Edit) – 4:42 \"Seven Whole Days\" (Album Version) – 6:22 \"Seven Whole Days\" (Live Version) – 6:15 \"Seven Whole Days\" (Ghetto Vibe) – 6:35 \"Seven Whole Days\" (Quiet Mix) – 6:12 \"The Christmas Song (Chestnuts Roasting on an Open Fire)\" – 3:25 Credits and personnel Credits taken from Discogs website. Performers and musicians Toni Braxton - Vocals, Background Keisha Jackson - Background (tracks 1–6) Pamela Copeland - Background (tracks 1–6) Tammy Davis - Background (tracks 1–6) Technical personnel A&R - Bryant Reid Engineer - Jim \"Z\" Zumpano Engineer, Mixing and Programming - John Frye (tracks 1–6) Executive Producer - L.A Reid and Babyface (tracks 1–6) Written by - L.A Reid and Babyface (tracks 1–6) Published By - ECAF, Sony Songs Inc., Cuff Link Music, Edwin H. Morris & Co. Charts Cover versions In 2002, bassist Michael Manson presented his version from his album \"The Bottom Line.\" Saxophonist Steve Cole is a special", "title": "Seven Whole Days" }, { "docid": "231184", "text": "We TV (stylized as WE tv) is an American pay television channel. Owned by AMC Networks since its September 1997 launch, it is oriented mainly towards lifestyle and entertainment programming. , approximately 85.2 million American households (73.2% of households with television) received We TV. In March 2015, AMC announced it would soon begin making its channels available to cord cutters, including AMC, BBC America, IFC, Sundance TV, and We TV itself. History Romance Classics (1997–2001) We TV was originally known as Romance Classics when it launched on September 1, 1997 under the ownership of what was then the Cablevision Systems Corporation-controlled Rainbow Media. It was originally a movie channel focusing mostly on romantic dramas and comedies, and television miniseries; similar to the original format of AMC (as American Movie Classics), the channel initially broadcast its films commercial-free. Format change as We TV (2001–2014) On January 1, 2001, the network space was relaunched as WE: Women's Entertainment, taking on an ad-supported general entertainment format. In 2006, the channel was renamed WE tv. The channel aired the first three seasons of the popular Logie Award-winning Australian television series McLeod's Daughters, but dropped the show in April 2006. The channel's format then shifted towards reality shows, with several having topics related to weddings (such as Bridezillas, Big Easy Brides and My Fair Wedding with David Tutera). Other popular shows on the included Secret Lives of Women, The Locator and Amazing Cakes. In 2009, Rainbow launched Wedding Central, a sister channel to WE tv. The channel closed on July 1, 2011. In January 2011, We TV confirmed that it had signed Toni Braxton for a reality series, entitled Braxton Family Values, which is marketed as one of the flagship shows. To prepare for a new show lineup, We TV also gave the AMC a new logo and marketing tagline: \"Life As WE Know It\". In March 2012, We TV confirmed that the AMC had ordered 14 episodes of Kendra on Top, a reality show following the lives of Kendra Wilkinson and Hank Baskett, who previously appeared in the E! reality series Kendra. Kendra said the show focuses on \"motherhood, parenthood, and wife hood\". Kendra On Top premiered on June 5, 2012. Rebranding (2014–present) In June 2014, AMC unveiled a new logo, dropping the \"Women's Entertainment\" tagline, along with the full capitalization of WE in its branding, becoming more of a brand in the \"royal we\" sense. AMC president Marc Juris explained that while the AMC was to remain \"a leading destination for women on television and online\", the goal of the new branding was to broaden the focus on the word \"we\" as representing shared experiences, describing it as \"a powerful and universal theme which drives connection, conversation, collaboration and community\". As part of the rebranding, AMC also announced its first original scripted series, The Divide, which was originally pitched for sister AMC, and was canceled after its first season. Its second series, South of Hell, was ordered, but burned off in one day", "title": "We TV" }, { "docid": "7642020", "text": "\"A Change in Me\" is a song written by composer Alan Menken and lyricist Tim Rice for the musical Beauty and the Beast, a stage adaptation of Disney's 1991 animated film of the same name. The song was written specifically for American singer Toni Braxton when she joined the production to play the role of Belle in 1998, four years into the musical's run. Menken and Rice wrote \"A Change in Me\" to appease Braxton after Rice promised the singer, who was hesitant to sign her contract, that he would write an entirely new song for her to perform in the musical on the condition that she finally agree to play Belle. Appearing during the show's second act, Belle sings \"A Change in Me\" to her father Maurice after reuniting with him to explain how much she has matured and changed for the better while she was imprisoned at the Beast's castle. Immediately popular among critics and audiences, the pop ballad has been positively received since Braxton debuted it, remaining part of the show's set list ever since. Actress Susan Egan, who originated the role of Belle in 1994, recorded the first studio version of \"A Change in Me\" in 2002 for her debut studio album So Far; her cover was the song's first English-language recording. Background Composer Alan Menken and lyricist Tim Rice had already written six original songs for the stage adaptation of Beauty and the Beast, most of which focus on character development, including a solo for Belle entitled \"Home\". In July 1998, American R&B singer Toni Braxton entered final negotiations to make her Broadway debut as Belle in Beauty and the Beast, replacing actress Kim Huber in the role. Despite having initial reservations due to the singer's reputation as a sex symbol, director Robert Jess Roth eventually concluded that Braxton would offer an \"interesting\" interpretation of Belle after first meeting with her to discuss the role and observing similarities between Braxton's own personality and the character's. Once Roth forwarded his approval of the singer's casting to Disney, the studio began collaborating with Braxton's management on developing a contract stipulating that the singer would appear in the show for a three-month period. However, various circumstances resulted in Braxton continuously delaying to sign the contract until she met for dinner with Menken, Rice and choreographer Matt West; Roth was out of town at the time and unable to attend due to scheduling conflicts. A few days after their dinner, Braxton telephoned Ross to confirm that she had finally signed the contract; this was the first time Ross learned that Rice had apparently promised Braxton that he would write an entirely new song for her to sing in the musical if she agreed to sign the paperwork. Panicked, Ross immediately contacted Rice, who confirmed that he had in fact agreed to write a song for Braxton, blaming himself for having consumed too much alcohol during their dinner. Rice asked Ross to allow him 24 hours to review the musical", "title": "A Change in Me" }, { "docid": "6588757", "text": "\"Just Be a Man About It\" is a song by American singer Toni Braxton from her third studio album, The Heat (2000). It was released on June 20, 2000, as the album's second single. Background \"Just Be a Man About It\" is a telephone breakup song, where Braxton questions the status of a partner's manhood and Dr. Dre plays the wayward lover breaking the news to her. According to producer Teddy Bishop, Martin Lawrence and Will Smith were originally considered to perform the speaking parts of the song. However, due to scheduling conflicts, it never happened. Dr. Dre was asked to appear on the song due to being in the studio next door while the song was being recorded. Critical reception The song received mostly positive reviews from music critics. Stephen Thomas Erlewine from AllMusic called it \"an instant classic\" and picked it one of the best songs of the album, alongside \"He Wasn't Man Enough\" and \"Spanish Guitar\". CD Universe wrote that \"[e]ven Dr. Dre's guest appearance on 'Just Be a Man About It' nods to the sensual recitatives and bedside manners of '70s love men like Barry White.\" Bog Roget wrote for Amazon that Braxton \"delivers a tough take on reality with 'Just Be a Man About It,' which pits her against Dr. Dre in a breakup scenario that carries much more force than weightless trifles\". Music video The music video for \"Just Be a Man About It\", directed by Bille Woodruff, opens with Braxton's boyfriend (played by rapper Dr. Dre, who also provides additional vocals to the track) leaving a Hawthorne, California, strip club named Bare Elegance, accompanied by a woman. He stops at a payphone to call up Braxton, who is in their apartment. She looks happy at first, but as he tells her not to wait up for him that night alleging he needs space, her facial expression suddenly changes. The following scenes show Braxton wandering about the apartment, talking on the phone, standing next to the balcony, lying on a couch, and throwing objects such as vases and a picture frame containing a photo of Dre. At one point, Dre hangs up on Braxton, which infuriates her. Toward the end of the video, a man (Q-Tip) shows up to visit Braxton; they hug each other and proceed to cuddle on the couch, much to Dre's annoyance by the time he arrives home. When Dre questions Braxton about the man, she remains indifferent, causing him to give her the finger and leave. Track listing DVD single \"Just Be a Man About It\" (music video) \"Spanish Guitar\" (music video) Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts Release history References 2000 singles 2000 songs 2000s ballads Arista Records singles Contemporary R&B ballads LaFace Records singles Music videos directed by Bille Woodruff Songs written by Bryan-Michael Cox Songs written by Johntá Austin Songs written by Toni Braxton Toni Braxton songs Songs about telephone calls", "title": "Just Be a Man About It" } ]	[ { "docid": "2517308", "text": "James \"Bubby\" Robert Braxton (May 23, 1949 – July 28, 1986) was a professional American football fullback in the National Football League (NFL) for the Buffalo Bills and Miami Dolphins. Collegiate career Jim Braxton started playing college football at West Virginia University in 1967 and was the team's second leading rusher (272 yards) in his sophomore season in 1968. In his junior season, he rushed for a team best 843 yards and helped the team become Peach Bowl champions. He also was talented as a kicker. As a senior, he converted to tight end, catching 27 passes for 565 yards and eight touchdowns and that was good enough for first-team All-American honors. Professional career Drafted in the third round by the Buffalo Bills in the 1971 NFL Draft, he was needed not as the leading rusher, but the blocking weapon for star running back O. J. Simpson. As Simpson remarks, most of his 11,236 career rushing yards were due to Braxton. Braxton's career took off in 1972, his sophomore season in the league, when he rushed for 453 yards on 116 attempts with five touchdowns and caught 24 receptions for 232 yards and a score. In 1973, Braxton rushed for 494 yards on 108 attempts with four touchdowns despite only playing in six games (starting four) due to being deactivated for the first eight games with a back injury. In 1974, Braxton became a premier runner alongside Simpson, rushing for 543 yards on 146 carries with four touchdowns. During the 1975 season, Braxton rushed for 823 yards and nine touchdowns, which he considered his best season. He also caught 26 passes for 282 yards and 4 touchdowns. His nine rushing touchdowns ranked eighth in the league, and his 13 all-purpose scores finished fifth. Braxton's 1976 season ended with a knee injury, and he rushed for 372 yards and a touchdown during the 1977 season. He played half of the 1978 season with the Bills, rushing for 73 yards, and then finished out his NFL career in the second half of the 1978 season with the Miami Dolphins, rushing for 48 yards and two touchdowns. For his career, Braxton rushed for 2,890 yards on 741 attempts with 25 touchdowns. His receiving totals were 1,473 yards on 144 receptions with 6 touchdowns, for 31 career all-purpose touchdowns. Upon Braxton's death, Ed Abramoski, Buffalo's lead athletic trainer during the entirety of Braxton's tenure, said \"Jimmy Braxton was one of the smartest players I've ever seen. He really knew how the game worked.\" NFL career statistics Regular season Playoffs Personal While Braxton and his eventual wife, Pam, were dating in college, she became pregnant, and the couple decided it was best they gave their child up for adoption. In 1997, Pam met their biological daughter, who was then a professor at Southern Illinois University. Jim Braxton died on July 28, 1986, due to lung cancer, at the age of 37. He died at Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center in Buffalo, New York where he", "title": "Jim Braxton" }, { "docid": "2268630", "text": "The Missouri Breaks is a 1976 American Western film starring Marlon Brando and Jack Nicholson. The film was directed by Arthur Penn, with supporting performances by Randy Quaid, Harry Dean Stanton, Frederic Forrest, John McLiam, and Kathleen Lloyd in her film debut. The score was composed by John Williams. The title of the film refers to a forlorn and very rugged area of north-central Montana, where over eons, the Missouri River has made countless deep cuts or \"breaks\" in the land. Plot Tom Logan is a rustler experiencing hard times. His gang and he are particularly upset by the hanging of a friend of theirs by David Braxton, a land baron, who takes the law into his own hands. They decide to seek vengeance against Braxton by killing his foreman Pete Marker, hanging him from the same tree used by Braxton and his men to hang their friend. Logan and his gang then buy a small farm close to Braxton's ranch with money they stole during a train robbery, and begin rustling his stock. First the gang, without Logan, rides across the Missouri River and north of the border into Canada to steal horses belonging to the North-West Mounted Police. The theft initially goes well, until the Mounted Police catch up to the gang, forcing them to abandon the stolen horses and flee for their lives. In their absence, Logan plants crops and enters into a relationship with Braxton's aggressive, virginal daughter, Jane. Braxton is incensed with both his rustling problem and his daughter, and sends for Robert E. Lee Clayton, a notorious Irish-American \"regulator,\" who for a price, will take care of rustlers personally. Quickly suspicious of Logan, who does not strike him as a farmer, Clayton dons a variety of disguises and begins to pick off Logan's gang, one by one. Identifying himself under the pseudonym of \"Jim Ferguson,\" he kills Logan's young friend Little Tod, who cannot swim, by drowning him in the Missouri River. Clayton spies on Logan with binoculars and taunts Braxton about his daughter's affair with a horse thief. Braxton attempts to discharge him, but Clayton is determined to finish his job. He shoots Si as he is trying to have sex with a farmer's adulterous wife. He also shoots Cary after he enters an outhouse. Finally, Clayton arrives at the gang's hideout one night and sets fire to the house, forcing a burning Cal to run to the river and throw himself in to extinguish the flames. He asks Cal where Logan is, and Cal says he was in the house but refused to come out. Clayton then impales Cal through his right eye with a large throwing star. Logan arrives the next morning, and sadly buries Cal. A few nights later, Clayton is serenading his horse by campfire light. Once the campfire goes dark and Clayton falls asleep, Logan sneaks into his camp and slits his throat. Logan then comes after Braxton, who has been feigning a trance due to shock. But,", "title": "The Missouri Breaks" }, { "docid": "70452439", "text": "Duo Palindrome 2002, Volumes 1 and 2, is a pair of albums by drummer Andrew Cyrille and multi-instrumentalist Anthony Braxton. The albums were recorded in October 2002 at Wesleyan University in Middletown, Connecticut, and were released by Intakt Records in 2004. Cyrille and Braxton first met in 1969 in Paris, where both musicians recorded albums for the BYG Actuel series. Cyrille, who was a member of the Cecil Taylor Unit at the time, recorded his solo percussion album What About? in August of that year, while Braxton, who was in France with Leo Smith and Leroy Jenkins, recorded his album Anthony Braxton in September. Cyrille later appeared on Braxton's 1990 album Eight (+3) Tristano Compositions, 1989: For Warne Marsh. Reception In a review for All About Jazz, Rex Butters wrote: \"Original compositions, spontaneous improvisations, and a couple of oldies provide the maps for these two fearless explorers. As one expects, they overwhelm any notion of 'reeds and drums,' ready to play interdimensional or romantic at the drop of a hidden cue... The veteran improvisers make the most of their delayed confrontation. Braxton and Cyrille share their decades of musical innovation with each other and fortunate listeners.\" Jason Bivins, writing for One Final Note, called the albums \"robust, intelligent, and filled with the very ease and warmth that so many haters have long professed absent from Mr. Braxton's music.\" He commented: \"these performances are filled with surprise and familiarity, toughness and whimsy, focus and erring... it's confirmation that both Braxton and Cyrille are still playing fine, provocative music.\" Track listing Volume 1 \"Duo Palindrome 2002\" (Cyrille/Braxton) – 4:34 \"The Loop\" (Cyrille) – 5:39 \"Interlacing\" (Cyrille/Braxton) – 4:35 \"Celestial Gravity\" (Cyrille/Braxton) – 2:48 \"Quickened Spirits\" (Cyrille/Braxton) – 4:50 \"Effluence\" (Cyrille/Braxton) – 4:24 \"Composition No. 310\" (Braxton) – 11:46 \"Ascendancy\" (Cyrille/Braxton) – 11:36 Volume 2 \"Water, Water, Water\" (Cyrille) – 5:28 \"Dreams Alive ... Concretize\" (Cyrille/Braxton) – 4:28 \"Excerpt From The Navigator\" (Cyrille) – 4:55 \"Sound Relations\" (Cyrille/Braxton) – 9:13 \"Composition No 311\" (Braxton) – 10:15 \"Dr. Licks\" (Cyrille) – 7:30 \"A Musical Sense Of Life\" (Braxton) – 6:50 Personnel Andrew Cyrille – drums Anthony Braxton – reeds References 2004 albums Andrew Cyrille albums Anthony Braxton albums Intakt Records albums", "title": "Duo Palindrome 2002" }, { "docid": "72448063", "text": "George Braxton Sr. (1677 – July 1, 1748) emigrated from England or Wales to the Virginia colony, where he became a merchant, planter, and politician in King and Queen County, which he represented in the House of Burgesses for multiple terms over 31 years. His son and principal heir George Braxton, Jr. also served in the House of Burgesses, but his most notable descendant (who was 12 when this grandfather died) was Carter Braxton, who became a Founding Father of the United States. Career Braxton owned 2825 acres in King and Queen County by 1704. His main plantation was Newington, on the bluffs above the Mattaponi River about 18 miles upstream from West Point, the county seat at the stream's confluence with the York River. He became one of the largest landowners in the Northern Neck of Virginia and probably one of the 100 largest in the colony. He and his namesake son also owned a ship, \"Braxton\", and leased others to carry on a triangular trade with the West Indies and Britain. About once a year, the Braxtonx served as commission agents for cargoes of enslaved Blacks. Braxton accepted the governor's appointment as colonel of the King and Queen county militia, as well as coroner and one of the justices of the peace who collectively administered the county. He probably also served on the vestry of St. Stephen's parish (which also were responsible for care of the poor and disabled), although its records did not survive. King and Queen county voters first elected Braxton as one of their two representatives in the House of Burgesses in 1718, and he served (with a gap) for about three decades. Beginning in 1728, Braxton served alongside John Robinson, who would become the family's major benefactor, although a scandal erupted after his death. Braxton also served on the select committee that assisted the governor in building the Governor's Palace in Williamsburg. Personal life By 1702, Braxton had marreid Elizabeth Pallin, daughter of planter Thomas Paullin. Both husband and wife signed the loyalty assurance of 1702 to the dying king. They had a son, George Braxton Jr. (who was attending the College of William and Mary by 1720) and daughters Hannah and Elizabeth who reached adulthood. Hannah married Philemon Bird and after his death Thomas Price of nearby Middlesex County. Elizabeth married Col. Humphrey Brooke of King William County, whose surveyor brother Robert Brooke accompanied the Knights of the Golden Horseshoe on their western excursion to the Blue Ridge Mountains. Their son George Brooke would become Treasurer of Virginia. Death and legacy Braxton died on July 1, 1748, and was probably buried at his Newington plantation. A memorial plaque at Mattaponi Church (which in his day was the Lower Church of St. Stephen's parish and rebuilt in 1730-1734) honors his service. Although his son George Braxton Jr. was his principal heir, when his grandson George Braxton III died in 1761, most of the family properties (by then subject to significant debts) were inherited by", "title": "George Braxton Sr." }, { "docid": "16205602", "text": "Allen Caperton Braxton (March 6, 1862 – March 22, 1914) was a Virginia lawyer and member of the Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1901–1902. He is considered the founder of the Virginia State Corporation Commission, and was president of the Virginia Bar Association in 1906-07. Biography Braxton was born at his grandfather's home in Monroe County shortly before West Virginia seceded from Virginia and became a state in its own right. He took pride in his ancestors, particularly Carter Braxton (who signed the Declaration of Independence) at whose ancestral estate Chericoke in King William County, Virginia he spent most of his childhood. His maternal grandfather was U.S. Senator Allen T. Caperton. Braxton was mostly home schooled but spent time at Pampatike academy. His father, Dr. Tomlin Braxton, died when young Allen was 16, so he left school to support his siblings. He tutored the children of West Virginia Supreme Court Justice Patton, and later worked as a civil engineer and bookkeeper, among other jobs. After reading law and taking a single course at the University of Virginia, Braxton received a license top practice law in Virginia in 1883, and moved to Staunton. He was twice elected commonwealth's attorney and city attorney, serving from 1885 to 1889. He then established a private law firm, which prospered and ultimately opened a second office in Richmond, Virginia. Braxton represented Staunton and Augusta County in the state constitutional convention of 1901-02, where he served on committees concerning Corporations, the Judiciary and Final Revision, as well as assisted the Committee on Finance and Banking. He supported the convention's mostly successful efforts to erase the gains in civil rights for African-Americans made during Reconstruction, and also effectively disenfranchised half of the Commonwealth's poor white voters. His work on the corporation committee led to the creation of the State Corporation Commission in 1902. Braxton promoted the commission as an independent agency that would balance the interests of consumers and common carriers, subject to review only by the Virginia Supreme Court. Braxton also successfully supported adopting that new constitution without submitting it to the electorate for approval. Welcoming the American Bar Association to Virginia for its twenty-sixth annual meeting in 1903, Braxton declared, \"No state is more peculiarly American than Virginia.\" Braxton was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1904, before his term as President of the Virginia Bar Association. He never held statewide elective office, although rumors held him as a possible Democratic vice-presidential candidate in 1904, as well as a potential primary opponent to Senator Thomas S. Martin the following year. Braxton moved to Richmond in 1904 to serve as counsel to the Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad. Besides expertise in corporate law, Braxton wrote on constitutional issues, including the Eleventh and Fifteenth Amendments, the respective subjects of his best-known addresses to the Virginia State Bar Association, other than those advocating revision of the state Constitution in 1901. In particular, Braxton considered the Fifteenth Amendment an abomination aimed at the South; and thus justified the", "title": "Allen Caperton Braxton" }, { "docid": "72546782", "text": "George Braxton Jr. (1734–1761) was a merchant, planter, and politician in King and Queen County, which he represented in the House of Burgesses for at least two terms. However, he is often confused with his grandfather and possibly also with his father of the same name (both of whom also served as burgesses and died within a year of each other), and overshadowed by his younger brother, Carter Braxton, who became a Founding Father of the United States. Early and family life This man was born to Mary Carter (1712–1736), one of the five daughters of \"King\" Carter, probably the wealthiest man in the Virginia colony. Thus, his maternal grandfather was a land agent for Lord Fairfax, and now considered as founder of one of the First Families of Virginia. Many of his cousins would also serve in the House of Burgesses, and hold high offices in the colony, as well as like his brother Carter Braxton become patriots for independence. Mary Carter brought a 2,000 pound sterling dowry when she married George Braxton (1705-1749) in late 1732 (or early 1733, the marriage banns having been postponed because of her father's death), although because of a hard money shortage in the colony, it was not paid at the time of the marriage but years later. Mary had given birth to this son two years after her marriage and died in 1736 giving birth to Carter Braxton. His father did not remarry, but lived at the family's main Newington plantation as did his father (this boy's paternal grandfather) George Braxton, Sr.. The grandfather died in 1748 and his father died just over a year later, while this boy was still too young legally to inherit Newington or other property. His father was the son of Elizabeth Pallin, his grandfather's first wife and had been educated locally, then traveled to Williamsburg where he was a student at the College of William and Mary in 1720. His will indicated he wanted his sons educated, and George began attending the college in 1753 and with his brother (and an enslaved attendant) in 1754. Because neither boy had reached legal age when the two older men named George Braxton died, Speaker John Robinson (the colony's most powerful politician at the time), and their scholarly merchant neighbor Humphrey Hill served as guardians for both this boy (who inherited Newington and various lands in King and Queen and Essex County) and his brother Carter Braxton (who inherited 25,00 acres of land in Orange and Albemarle Counties to the west). George Braxton III married Mary Blair of Williamsburg on December 6, 1753. Her Blair ancestors also had emigrated from Scotland, and become extremely influential in the colony's capital, Williamsburg, where James Blair had helped found the College of William and Mary. Her father was that man's nephew and heir, John Blair Sr.. Sources differ as to her first name, one naming her as Ann and another as Mary, and also disagree as to the identity of their three", "title": "George Braxton Jr." }, { "docid": "23075768", "text": "Branndon Braxton (born December 10, 1985) is a former offensive tackle. He was signed by the Cleveland Browns as an undrafted free agent in 2009. He played college football at Oklahoma. Early years Braxton attended Ursuline High School in Youngstown, Ohio. A three-year letterman and two-year starter, Braxton was named a PrepStar All-American, first-team all-state, All-Northeastern Ohio and All-Steel Valley his junior and senior seasons. He was rated 53rd in the nation by rivals.com and 6th offensive lineman by PrepStar. Also lettered in basketball, shot put, and discus. He led his basketball conference in scoring his senior year. College career Braxton saw backup action in 2005 as a freshman, but started seven games at right tackle before a leg injury ended his season. He then started seven games for the Sooners the next season before starting every game in 2008 as a senior. Though he didn't earn the recognition of Phil Loadholt or Duke Robinson, he played a pivotal part in leading the Sooners to the BCS National Championship game. He was an extremely dominant post player in rec basketball games. Braxton had double doubles in every game. Professional career Cleveland Browns Braxton signed an undrafted rookie contract with the Cleveland Browns shortly after the 2009 NFL Draft. He is one of four rookie Oklahoma Sooner offensive linemen who joined the NFL that season. He was waived on August 20. The Browns re-signed Braxton on September 1. He was cut on September 5. UFL Braxton spent the 2009 season as a reserve offensive tackle in 2009 for the United Football League's Las Vegas franchise. He moved into the starting lineup in 2010 at left tackle. Following the 2010 UFL season, Braxton was signed to the Browns' practice squad. He was later re-signed to a reserve/future's contract for training camp 2011, but was let go in the club's final preseason cuts. He returned to the UFL's Las Vegas franchise in 2011, starting at right tackle. Toronto Argonauts On October 7, 2014, Braxton was signed to a practice roster agreement with the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League. Since the beginning of the 2015 CFL season, Braxton has been placed on the suspended list by the Argonauts. Personal Braxton is the son of Eric Braxton and Tonya Harris. He majored in sociology at the University of Oklahoma. He is cousins with former NBA player Samaki Walker. External links Oklahoma Sooners bio Toronto Argonauts bio Just Sports Stats 1985 births Living people Players of American football from Youngstown, Ohio American football offensive tackles Canadian football offensive linemen Players of Canadian football from Ohio Oklahoma Sooners football players Cleveland Browns players Las Vegas Locomotives players Toronto Argonauts players", "title": "Branndon Braxton" }, { "docid": "27321936", "text": "Ergun Michael Caner (born November 3, 1966) is a Swedish-American academic, author, and Baptist minister, who became well known for his book, co-authored with his brother, on Islam and his claims that he was a devout Muslim trained as a terrorist. He emigrated to the United States at age four and claimed to have converted to Protestantism in the early 1980s. Caner is the former President of Brewton-Parker College in Mount Vernon, Georgia. He previously served as the Provost and Vice President of Academic Affairs at Arlington Baptist College and was the former dean of the Liberty Baptist Theological Seminary and Graduate School of Liberty University. He was removed from this position after it became clear to Liberty University faculty and the Liberty University Board that he misrepresented his background. On January 20, 2015, Brewton-Parker College announced that Dr. Caner was stepping down due to the inability to properly grieve for his deceased son, Braxton, who had committed suicide on July 29, 2014. He has authored and co-authored several books, many of which discuss Islam and Christianity. His book, Unveiling Islam, co-authored with his brother Emir, sold more than 200,000 copies and has been translated into six languages. It also received a 2003 Gold Medallion Book award by the Evangelical Christian Publisher's Association. Early life Caner was born in Stockholm, Sweden in 1966 to Acar, a Turkish national, and Monica, a Swede. He was the oldest of three brothers. Caner immigrated to the United States in 1969 with his parents, moving to Ohio. His parents divorced on April 14, 1978, but his father, through court order, initially established that the boys be raised in Islam. Caner's mother Monica successfully fought against the provision in the divorce decree that the children be raised Muslim by making an appeal to the court on February 6, 1979. The court allowed Monica's petition that religious instruction be \"according to the desires of each parent\" while in their custody. Caner continues to contradict these facts in many of his lecture videos by providing conflicting statements. Caner was the first of his siblings to profess Christianity, doing so at age 15 after accepting a friend's invitation to a revival meeting at a local Baptist church. Within 18 months, both of Caner's brothers baptised into the church. Caner's father disowned all three sons following their conversions, and he did not see them again until 1999, when a stepsister they had never met called to tell them he was dying with cancer. Caner, then pastoring a church in Denver, Colorado, traveled to his father's home days before he died and introduced him to his wife and son, Braxton. Caner and his brother Emir became active in Christian ministry. In 1989, Ergun earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in Biblical Studies and Languages at Cumberland College (now the University of the Cumberlands), a Baptist college in Williamsburg, Kentucky. After graduation, he and Emir enrolled at Criswell College in Dallas, Texas, where they first met Criswell president Paige Patterson, who", "title": "Ergun Caner" }, { "docid": "30423328", "text": "Home and Away is an Australian television soap opera. It was first broadcast on the Seven Network on 17 January 1988. The following is a list of characters that first appeared in 2011, by order of first appearance. All characters were introduced by the shows series producer Cameron Welsh. The 24th season of Home and Away began airing on 24 January 2011. The following month, the Braxton brothers; Darryl, Heath and Casey were introduced. Miranda Jacobs and Kieran Monroe made their debuts in April. Marty Jones made his debut in June and Tegan Callahan arrived the following month. Fletcher Humphrys joined the cast in July as Gang Member Jake Pirovic. August saw the introductions of Harvey Ryan, Hammer, Stu Henderson and Sasha Bezmel. Shane Emmett made his debut as Mark Gilmour in September and lawyer Hayley O'Connor began appearing from October. Darryl Braxton Darryl \"Brax\" Braxton, played by Steve Peacocke, made his first screen appearance on 16 February 2011. The character and casting was announced on 9 January 2011. Peacocke heard about the role from his agent and he called the audition process \"a lot of fun\". Brax is the oldest of three brothers known as The River Boys, a \"bad-boy surf gang with dodgy reputations.\" A writer for Channel Seven's Home and Away website stated that Brax has a \"dodgy reputation and a chip on his shoulder.\" He is a surfing legend and commands a respect from his fellow surfies, which he finds useful. Peacocke commented that Brax just wants to escape his upbringing and have a successful family life. Brax tries to keep his younger brothers Heath (Dan Ewing) and Casey (Lincoln Younes) out of trouble. Shortly after his arrival, Darryl began a relationship with Charlie Buckton (Esther Anderson). For his portrayal of Darryl, Peacocke won the Logie Award for Most Popular New Male Talent in 2012. Heath Braxton Heath Braxton, played by Daniel Ewing, made his first on-screen appearance on 16 February 2011, originally departed on 29 July 2014 and made a one-off appearance on 23 September 2014. Heath is the second oldest of the Braxton brothers and was initially described as being \"feared by cops and the residents of his home town of Mangrove River\" and having a short fuse. Heath was the first of The River Boys to be announced, with Ewing's casting revealed on 24 September 2010. Heath is Ewing's second role with Home and Away, having appeared as Reuben Humphries in 2007. For his role, Ewing had to get fit and he joked \"I don't think they would cast overweight guys to play surfers, so yeah, I'm sure it was a factor for the producers.\" He added that he cannot surf well and was relieved that the producers did not test his surfing skills at his audition. Casey Braxton Casey Braxton, played by Lincoln Younes, made his first on-screen appearance on 17 February 2011 and departed on 16 September 2014. Casey is the youngest of the Braxton brothers. The Daily Telegraph said that", "title": "List of Home and Away characters (2011)" }, { "docid": "45270306", "text": "\"Luther Braxton\" is the ninth episode of the second season of American crime drama The Blacklist, which aired on February 1, 2015 after NBC concluded coverage of Super Bowl XLIX. It is the first part of a two-part episode which concluded on February 5, 2015. The Blacklist number for the episode is No. 21. Plot News broadcasts highlight the military's capture in Asia of Reddington (James Spader), whose current whereabouts are undisclosed to the public. Reddington has been placed in \"The Factory\", an oil rig-type high-security prison in the middle of the Bering Sea. Reddington twice offers bribes of $50,000 to a prison guard (Scott A. Martin), the first to see the warden and the next to escape, since Red knows that Factory inmate Luther Todd Braxton (Ron Perlman) is going to escape and wreak havoc and drastically threaten Red's interests and life. Assistant Director Cooper (Harry Lennix) meets with high-level NCS members Kat Goodson (Janel Moloney) and her unnamed superior (David Strathairn), who has replaced Alan Fitch as the NCS's board director. They inform Cooper of the situation, prompting him to dispatch agents Keen (Megan Boone), Ressler (Diego Klattenhoff) and Navabi (Mozhan Marnò) to the Factory to extract Reddington. Meanwhile, Braxton cleverly breaks out of his cell and assembles a team of criminals. The three FBI agents are ambushed by Braxton's men upon arrival, with Ressler and Samar being captured while Liz is able to escape. Liz reunites with Reddington, who tells her he didn't want her here. Reddington explains that he planned his arrest to stop Braxton from obtaining \"The Fulcrum\", a data file containing highly confidential and compromising information on many very powerful and important people. The Fulcrum is not physically in the prison, but access to all real-time USA intelligence information is available there. Red and Liz meet with a group of factory inmates to plan their efforts to foil Braxton's scheme. One man advises that they go to the boiler room and cause an explosion that will destroy the Factory's server. Braxton calls Reddington over the phone and the two have a brief confrontational talk. Braxton intends to get the code needed to access the Factory's servers, which Goodson is determined to prevent. The FBI attempts to negotiate with Braxton, who responds by executing the warden (John Ventimiglia) and threatening to have Samar hanged. Cooper reluctantly gives the code to Braxton, whose men then go to the servers and gain access to the secret intelligence system. Liz crawls through narrow ventilation tunnels to get to the boiler room and then lets Red in. There they work together to increase the pressure in the boilers until an explosion occurs, incapacitating Red and causing Braxton to lose the server connection. Liz unsuccessfully attempts to resuscitate Red, thinks him dead, and ends up getting captured and taken to Braxton. Elsewhere, the NCS director is urged by his coworkers to have Braxton and Red eliminated, and orders Goodson to order an air strike on the facility. Reddington's helpers 'wake", "title": "Luther Braxton" }, { "docid": "19902955", "text": "Tamar is the debut studio album by American R&B singer Tamar Braxton. It was released on March 21, 2000, by DreamWorks Records and RedZone Entertainment. The album features guest appearances from Missy Elliott, Jermaine Dupri and Amil, while the production handled by Tim & Bob, Tricky Stewart, among others. Originally entitled Ridiculous, it debuted at number 127 on the US Billboard 200 and number 42 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. Braxton later admitted in interviews for her second album Love and War that she was not fond of this album due to not having any creative control. Background Before the official release, Braxton was the lead singer of The Braxtons, after her sisters Traci and Toni had to leave the group, which left them as a trio of Tamar, Trina and Towanda. After the release of their debut album, So Many Ways (1996), Braxton was offered a solo recording contract with DreamWorks, which she happened to leave the group and begin her solo career. In 2004, Tamar's sister Towanda Braxton appeared on the reality TV series Starting Over during its second season, revealing that Tamar signed a solo contract without telling her or Trina that she left The Braxtons group. In 1999, she released the EP, Tamar: Just Cuz to generate buzz about her debut album. The Tamar: Just Cuz EP contained 4 songs, \"Just Cuz\", \"Let Him Go\" (featuring Solé), \"It's Time\" (featuring Grand Puba) and \"Get Mine\". Her album was originally going to be called Ridiculous, which would have been released in late 1999. Some songs recorded for this album remain unreleased, as this project was scrapped. Critical reception AllMusic editor Roxanne Blanford called Tamar both \"impressive and enjoyable.\" She foung that \"this recording is primarily a quiet display of Tamar's competence at present day rhythm & blues with some contemporary hip-hop flavor thrown in. If it wasn't such an all-around good listen, it would certainly be worthy of recognition on the basis of its professional presentation alone.\" Track listing Personnel Keyboards and drum programming: Tim & Bob, Jermaine Dupri, Bryan-Michael Cox, Darrell \"Delite\" Allamby, Tricky Stewart, The Co-Stars Piano: Les Butler, Bob Robinson Acoustic guitar: Bob Robinson Spanish guitar: Bob Robinson Guitar: Paul Pesco, Marlon McClain Percussion: Luis C. Conte Background vocals: Tamar Braxton, Darcy Aldridge, Mýa (uncredited), Lil' Mo, Missy Elliott, LaTocha Scott, Darrell \"Delite\" Allamby Recording engineers: Jermaine Dupri, Brian K. Smith, Tim Kelley, Carlisle Young, Ben Arrindell, Rob Hunter, Christopher \"Tricky\" Stewart, Kevin \"KD\" Davis Mixing engineers: Phil Tan, Brian K. Smith, Tim Kelley, Carlisle Young, Ben Arrindell, Kevin \"KD\" Davis Photography: Randee St. Nicholas Design: Orabor Charts References External links 2000 debut albums Tamar Braxton albums Albums produced by Missy Elliott Albums produced by Tim & Bob Dance-pop albums by American artists DreamWorks Records albums", "title": "Tamar (album)" }, { "docid": "260873", "text": "Carter Braxton (September 10, 1736October 10, 1797) was a Founding Father of the United States, signer of the Declaration of Independence, merchant, and Virginia planter. A grandson of Robert \"King\" Carter, one of the wealthiest and most powerful landowners and slaveholders in Virginia, Braxton was active in Virginia's legislature for more than 25 years, generally allied with Landon Carter, Benjamin Harrison V, Edmund Pendleton and other conservative planters. Early life Braxton was born on Newington Plantation in King and Queen County, Virginia, on September 10, 1736, but wrongly reported as dead along with his mother, Mary Carter Braxton, who \"unhappily catching a Common Cold,\" died shortly after his birth. His maternal grandfather, King Carter, possibly the wealthiest man as well as the largest landowner in Virginia at the time of his death, had bequeathed £2,000 to his youngest daughter, who became betrothed to George Braxton Jr. five months after her father's death (although her brother had not paid that full amount to her new husband by the time of her death). His paternal grandfather, George Braxton, Sr. by 1704 (before western lands were opened to European settlement) had also become one of the 100 largest landowners in Virginia's Northern Neck. His grandfather first won election to the House of Burgesses in 1718 and was re-elected many times, in 1728 alongside John Robinson, Jr., who would become the powerful Speaker of the House of Burgesses and benefactor of the Braxton family. The elder Braxton owned at least one ship, the Braxton that traded with the West Indies and elsewhere, and was commission agent for cargoes of enslaved blacks sold to Virginia planters. He died, aged 71, when Carter was twelve; his eldest son (Carter's father) George Jr. had succeeded him as delegate for King and Queen County in 1742 but died not long thereafter in 1749. Speaker Robinson and neighbor Humphrey Hill served as guardians for Carter and his slightly (3 year) elder brother George (who inherited Newington and various land in King and Queen and Essex County). Educated at the College of William & Mary like his father and brother, Braxton followed family tradition at age 19 by marrying Judith Robinson, a wealthy heiress and the Speaker's niece. However, she died giving birth to their daughter, leaving Braxton two daughters, Mary and Judith. The young widower soon journeyed to England for two years, where like his elder brother he gained a reputation for extravagance. Upon returning to the colonies in 1760, Braxton bought Chericoke plantation (near Elsing Green, where he had lived with Judith and would ultimately die), to which he moved, married again and built a manor house in 1767. His second wife, Elizabeth Corbin, was the eldest daughter of Richard Corbin, deputy receiver general for his majesty's revenues in Virginia, and brought a £1000 dowry. Career as merchant and plantation owner Braxton's elder brother died in October 1761, so Braxton inherited the rest of his grandfather's estate, which was by then burdened with significant debts so that creditors", "title": "Carter Braxton" }, { "docid": "47340382", "text": "\"Hot Sugar\" is a song by American singer Tamar Braxton from her second studio album, Love and War (2013). Kyle \"K2\" Stewart II produced the song and co-wrote it with Braxton, LaShawn Daniels, and Makeba Riddick. The lyrics focus on maintaining a relationship. Music critics variously interpreted the song as having club, dance, or hip hop influences. \"Hot Sugar\" was planned to be the lead single from Love and War before it was replaced by the album's title track, which performed better on radio. Some reviewers praised \"Hot Sugar\" for its uptempo production; others criticized it as inferior to the rest of the album, specifically the ballads. The music video for \"Hot Sugar\" was directed by photographers Steven Gomillion and Dennis Leupold and features Braxton along with male dancers on Tamartiangram, a spoof of Instagram. Shortly after the video's release, Braxton said the directors had abandoned it mid-production to work on Rihanna's Diamonds World Tour. \"Hot Sugar\" was featured on the reality television shows Braxton Family Values and Tamar & Vince. Braxton further promoted the song through live performances, including on her Love and War Tour in 2014. The track peaked at number 15 on Billboards Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart and number 48 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. Background and release After recording music with her sisters—Toni, Traci, Towanda, and Trina—in the group the Braxtons, Tamar Braxton signed with DreamWorks Records to pursue a solo career and released her debut album Tamar in 2000, which proved unsuccessful. Braxton later said she was not allowed to record music about herself or her personal life; she wished she had fought harder to make an album that was more authentic to her, viewing Tamar as a \"karaoke album\" and an imitation of her sister Toni. Unlike those experiences, Braxton described her second studio album Love and War (2013) as \"a record that I can finally be myself and write the songs that I want to write\". She has writing credits on nine of the album's fourteen tracks. Braxton co-wrote \"Hot Sugar\" with LaShawn Daniels, Makeba Riddick, and Kyle \"K2\" Stewart II for Love and War. In a 2018 Billboard interview, Riddick said \"Hot Sugar\" was the first song she made for Braxton and that it was written on the same day as \"Love and War\". Describing the writing process with Daniels, she recounted: \"We're always clowning whenever we get into the studio.\" Stewart produced the song, and Michael Donaldson mixed and recorded it. All the tracks on the album, including \"Hot Sugar\", were mastered by Gene Grimaldi. \"Hot Sugar\" was to be the lead single from Love and War. On Braxton Family Values, a reality television series about the Braxton sisters, Tamar said she would be \"going boom-boom-bap and making a hood rat anthem record\". Her then-husband and manager Vincent Herbert instead chose to issue \"Love and War\" as the first single after it was received favorably on radio. Braxton was disappointed in the switch. While promoting \"Love and War\", she", "title": "Hot Sugar (song)" }, { "docid": "53900753", "text": "\"My Man\" is an R&B and soul song recorded by American singer Tamar Braxton for her fifth studio album Bluebird of Happiness (2017). Braxton and Cory Rooney wrote the song, which was produced by Bob Robinson. It was released for digital download and streaming on April 27, 2017, as the album's lead single. \"My Man\" was the first single from Braxton's independent record label, Tamartian Land, created with the support of eOne Entertainment. The song's lyrics concern infidelity and were based on Braxton's parents and their divorce after her father's affair. Braxton wrote the song from her mother's perspective on the relationship. Describing \"My Man\" as her most personal song, Braxton used one of her past relationships as additional inspiration. Critics considered \"My Man\" as one of the highlights of Bluebird of Happiness and praised Braxton's vocals. The song peaked at No. 3 on Billboard Adult R&B Songs chart and No. 21 on the Hot R&B Songs chart. \"My Man\" was featured on an episode of the reality television series Braxton Family Values. Braxton's performance at the BET Awards 2017 was praised as one of the event's highlights, although some critics believed she was lip syncing. Laurieann Gibson directed the music video, which features Braxton confronting her lover and his mistress in a hotel room. Background and release Tamar Braxton co-wrote \"My Man\" with Cory Rooney for her fifth studio album Bluebird of Happiness (2017). The song was produced by Bob Robinson, who worked with Braxton on her eponymous debut album in 2000. Braxton based \"My Man\" on her parents' marriage and their divorce following her father's infidelity. While developing the lyrics, she imagined her mother's perspective to convey her emotions \"as a woman and not just as [a] mom\". Additional inspiration came from one of Braxton's past relationships that caused her to question her self-worth. According to Braxton, the single was written and recorded quickly; she explained that it \"just rolled out of me\". She identified \"My Man\" as her most personal song and said the single and overall album was \"the first time you see an X-ray vision of Tamar and everything I've been through\". Braxton co-wrote every song on Bluebird of Happiness. Prior to the song's release, Braxton had played it for her father, whom she told that she had forgiven for his past affair. He was initially flattered that she wrote a song about him, although he did not pay attention to the lyrics. \"My Man\" premiered in late April 2017 on Braxton Family Values, a reality television series about the five Braxton sisters (Toni, Traci, Towanda, Trina, and Tamar). In Entertainment Tonight, Latifah Muhammad said Braxton's frank discussion about her parents' divorce and her current relationship with them showed how the Braxton family include \"some tough moments on camera for their reality show\". Braxton released \"My Man\" on April 27, 2017, as the album's lead single for digital download and streaming. The single was sent to urban radio stations on July 18, 2017. It was", "title": "My Man (Tamar Braxton song)" }, { "docid": "34610271", "text": "Heath Braxton is a fictional character from the Australian Channel Seven soap opera Home and Away, played by Dan Ewing. He made his first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 16 February 2011. Ewing confirmed his departure in December 2013 and Heath made his on-screen exit on 29 July 2014, but made a brief appearance on 23 September 2014 for his brother Casey Braxton's (Lincoln Younes) funeral. Heath and his wife Bianca Scott (Lisa Gormley) made a return in 2016 and departed on 3 February 2017. Ewing reprised the role for one episode on 3 February 2021. Creation and casting In late 2010, Network Seven began running teaser trailers for a new trio of characters known as \"The River Boys\". Said to be a \"bad-boy surf gang with dodgy reputations\", The River Boys consist of three brothers – Heath, Darryl Braxton (Steve Peacocke) and Casey (Lincoln Younes). Koby Abberton's Bra Boys were the inspiration for The River Boys. Heath made his on screen debut in February 2011. Heath was the first of The River Boys to be announced, with Ewing's casting revealed on 24 September 2010. Heath is Ewing's second role with Home and Away, having appeared as Reuben Humphries in 2007. For his role, Ewing had to get fit and he joked \"I don't think they would cast overweight guys to play surfers, so yeah, I'm sure it was a factor for the producers.\" He added that he cannot surf well and was relieved that the producers did not test his surfing skills at his audition. Initially, Ewing was employed as a member of the guest cast. He told Daniel Kilkelly of Digital Spy that Heath was originally planned to be a part of the series for six months, but revealed that he had since joined the regular cast. Development Characterisation Heath is the second oldest of the Braxton brothers and was initially described as being \"feared by cops and the residents of his home town of Mangrove River\" and having a short fuse. The character of Heath is described as \"Mad, bad and dangerous to know.\" Out of The River Boys, Heath is the most volatile and he is feared by everyone from the police to the Mangrove River residents. Darryl is the only person Heath listens to and he follows his guidance. Channel Seven say Heath \"loves the camaraderie and sense of family, not to mention the respect that comes with being a member. It's a privilege to be a River Boy and the worst thing anyone could do ever do is be one and then betray the group.\" Heath does not back down over anything and he feels that the River Boys are always being blamed for things they have not done. Heath was ten when his father left and his mother loves him \"extravagantly, but has a volatile relationship with him.\" Heath has always found his younger brother, Casey (Lincoln Younes), weird for his love of reading. Ewing said that Heath is \"there to", "title": "Heath Braxton" }, { "docid": "51251990", "text": "Braxton Family Values is an American reality television series that airs on WE tv and premiered on April 12, 2011. It chronicles the lives of Braxton sisters — Toni, Tamar, Traci, Towanda, and Trina — plus their mother, Evelyn. Series overview Episodes Season 1 (2011) Season 2 (2011–12) Season 3 (2013–14) Season 4 (2014–15) Season 5 (2016–17) Season 6 (2018–19) Season 7 (2020) References External links Lists of American non-fiction television series episodes Lists of reality television series episodes", "title": "List of Braxton Family Values episodes" }, { "docid": "48103150", "text": "Crash & Burn is the debut studio album by American singer Traci Braxton. eOne and Soul World released the album October 7, 2014. Braxton had previously released music with her sisters as part of the group The Braxtons. Cliff Jones and David Lindsey were the album's executive producers. Crash & Burn is a R&B album, which Braxton said had influences from adult contemporary music. Critics thought the songs focused on love but Braxton clarified that the lyrics dealt with her attempts to start a solo music career. Crash & Burn received a mixed response from critics. Some liked the album's production quality though other commentators criticized the amount of Auto-Tune used on it. The album peaked at number 108 on the Billboard Hot 200 chart and sold 4,000 copies in its first week. It also appeared on other Billboard charts. Two singles—\"Last Call\" and \"Perfect Time\"—were released. The lead single was promoted through a music video and was received negatively by critics. The recording and promotion of Crash & Burn was included in episodes of Braxton Family Values. Background and recording While appearing in the reality television series Braxton Family Values, Traci Braxton received a solo record deal with eOne. She was previously signed to Atlantic in the 1990s alongside her sisters as part of the group The Braxtons. Braxton pursued a solo career after her manager encouraged her to take music more seriously. She recorded Crash & Burn at Soul World Entertainment in Upper Marlboro, Maryland, and StarMakers Studios in Beltsville, Maryland. Cliff Jones and David Lindsey were the album's executive producers. Braxton said that they \"brought out [her] sound and story\" and compared the collaboration to that between Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis and Janet Jackson. The recording process was shown in a season three episode of Braxton Family Values. Composition and lyrics Crash & Burn is a R&B album that consists of eleven tracks. Andy Kellman of AllMusic noted the songs contained considerable use of Auto-Tune. Describing the vocals, MadameNoires Veronica Wells said Traci's vocal range was higher than Toni's yet lower than Tamar's. Braxton said that she wanted her music to sound like a combination of Mary J. Blige and Jill Scott. Music critics had varying interpretations of the album's lyrics. Kellman wrote that the songs revolve around \"heartbreak, romance, lust, and perseverance\", while others felt that Braxton referenced problems within her marriage. In the second track, \"What About Love?\", Braxton sings about a romantic relationship that she is unable to fix by herself. The following song, \"Stay Sippin\", a duet with Raheem DeVaughn, who is the only featured artist on the standard edition of the album, revolves around whether the singer should love or leave her partner. During the midtempo ballad \"Last Call\", Braxton sings about repairing a damaged relationship. On the ninth track \"Passion\", she flirts with a man, but questions if they have a future as a couple; Charles referred to the song's composition as \"upbeat [and] bubbly\". Braxton sings about her partner's", "title": "Crash & Burn (album)" }, { "docid": "39395433", "text": "\"The One\" is a song by American singer Tamar Braxton from her second studio album, Love and War, which was released on September 3, 2013. Braxton co-wrote the song with its producer, K.E. on the Track, along with LaShawn Daniels, Christian Ward, Jean-Claude Oliver, and Shaunice Lasha Jones. Epic and Streamline Records issued it as the album's second single on May 7, 2013. \"The One\" is about commitment to a romantic partner, and the production uses a sample of Mtume's \"Juicy Fruit\" (1983) and a portion of the Notorious B.I.G.'s \"Juicy\" (1994). The song received positive reviews from critics who associated it with summer and praised Braxton's vocals. Reviewers commented on the use of samples, believing they were already overused in past music. The single peaked at number four on Billboard's Bubbling Under Hot 100 and number 34 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs, and was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America. Gil Green directed the music video, which features Braxton on a date at the Santa Monica Pier. Braxton further promoted \"The One\" through live performances, including on her Love and War Tour in 2014. Background and recording K.E. on the Track produced \"The One\", which contains a sample of Mtume's \"Juicy Fruit\" (1983) and a portion of the Notorious B.I.G.'s \"Juicy\" (1994). In a 2019 Tidal interview, K.E. recalled his apprehension about using \"Juicy\", explaining: “You don’t know if you’re disrespecting a legend. People become rightfully sensitive about certain records.” He had attempted to record alternate versions of \"The One\" with other artists, but he was not satisfied with the results until he approached Tamar Braxton. K.E. sent a demo of the song to Braxton and her then-husband and manager Vincent Herbert, which included instrumentation and background vocals. Braxton co-wrote the song with LaShawn Daniels, Christian Ward, Jean-Claude Oliver, and Shaunice Lasha Jones for her second studio album Love and War (2013). She had previously recorded music with her sisters—Toni, Traci, Towanda, and Trina—in the group the Braxtons before pursuing a solo career in 2000 with the release of her debut album Tamar, which proved unsuccessful. Braxton had more creative control with Love and War, with writing credits on nine of its fourteen tracks. After listening to the demo for \"The One\", Daniels, Jones, and Ward worked on the lyrics and Braxton suggested further revisions and changed small parts. James Mtume, Sean Combs, and the Notorious B.I.G. are credited as songwriters because of the samples. K.E. also received songwriting credits and performed the backing vocals for the track. Michael Donaldson mixed the song at Studio at the Palms in Las Vegas. In an interview with Sound on Sound, Donaldson said the process was difficult; he explained that more scrutiny was placed on the song since it was seen as a potential \"summertime hit record\" for Braxton. According to Donaldson, a second engineer was hired to assist him, but he refused to collaborate with Donaldson and instead sent in his own mix, which was rejected. Donaldson recorded", "title": "The One (Tamar Braxton song)" }, { "docid": "45446143", "text": "Martin \"Ash\" Ashford is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera Home and Away, played by George Mason. The character made his first screen appearance on 27 October 2014. When Mason auditioned he believed Ash to be a \"great character\" and moved from Melbourne to accept the role. Ash is characterised as a tough, ex-prisoner who has a backstory of criminal activity. He was sent to prison after committing a robbery with Dean Sanderson (Kevin Kiernan-Molloy), but he framed Ash as the sole perpetrator and turned his sister Billie (Tessa de Josselin) against him. Ash is introduced into the show as an old prison friend of established character Darryl Braxton (Steve Peacocke) and they soon embark on a journey into the Australian Outback in search of Billie. His storyline continued to be centric to Brax's story. The show later developed a relationship storyline with Denny Miller (Jessica Grace Smith). Critics have stated that the character quickly assumed the role of the show's \"hunk\" and \"bad boy\". Mason decided to leave Home and Away in early 2018. His character took a temporary break in April, ahead of his departure on 20 June 2018. Casting New Zealand born George Mason had been residing in Melbourne when he secured an audition for the role. He recalled thinking that Ash was a \"great character\". He was about to sign a long-term lease on a property in the city when he discovered he had been awarded the role. A Woman's Day reporter commented that Mason would \"bring an explosive plot line\" to the show. Ash comes to Summer Bay looking for Darryl Braxton (Steve Peacocke). Mason's agent later confirmed that he would be playing Martin Ashford who goes by the nickname \"Ash\". The character was introduced on-screen during the episode broadcast on 27 October 2014. Development Characterisation Ash is portrayed as a tough male character that has had to survive prison. Despite this he has a comical side to his personality and behaves in a hyperactive manner. Ash is \"haunted\" because his sister wrongly believes he tried to blame her boyfriend for a joint crime. But he is the type of person who would \"never dodge responsibility at the expense of another\". Mason described his character as being \"chilled\" and said \"He plays up like a second-hand lawnmower but it's all in good fun. I don't think he takes life too seriously but when it comes to family he definitely wants somewhere to belong.\" He added that Ash had a good heart, but his upbringing meant that he was a bit of a bad guy. Mason told a TV Week reporter that Ash behaves like a \"mystery man\". In reference to female attention Ash receives, he added that \"it's certainly interesting when he hits the beach\". Ash is also described as \"a pretty raw sort of bloke\". He added that he wants fun while in Summer Bay to catch up the time he lost while in prison. The actor believed that certain aspects of", "title": "Martin Ashford (Home and Away)" }, { "docid": "495350", "text": "Toni Michele Braxton (born October 7, 1967) is an American singer, songwriter, actress and television personality. She has sold over 70 million records worldwide and is one of the best-selling female artists in history. Braxton has won seven Grammy Awards, nine Billboard Music Awards, seven American Music Awards, and numerous other accolades. In 2011, Braxton was inducted into the Georgia Music Hall of Fame. In 2017 she was honored with the Legend Award at the Soul Train Music Awards. In the late 1980s, Braxton began performing with her sisters in a music group known as The Braxtons; the group was signed to Arista Records. After attracting the attention of producers Antonio \"L.A.\" Reid and Kenneth \"Babyface\" Edmonds and being signed to LaFace Records, Braxton released her self-titled debut studio album in 1993. The album reached number one on the Billboard 200 chart and sold 10 million copies worldwide. In addition, the singles \"Another Sad Love Song\" and \"Breathe Again\" became international successes. The album brought Braxton three Grammy Awards, including the Grammy for Best New Artist. Braxton experienced continued success with the albums Secrets (1996), which included the U.S. #1 hit singles \"You're Makin' Me High/Let It Flow\" and \"Un-Break My Heart\"; and The Heat (2000), which opened at #2 on the Billboard 200 and included the U.S. #2 hit single \"He Wasn't Man Enough\". Braxton's subsequent studio albums, More Than a Woman (2002), Libra (2005) and Pulse (2010), were released amid contractual disputes and health issues. In 2014, Braxton and longtime collaborator Babyface released a duet album entitled Love, Marriage & Divorce that earned the duo a Grammy Award for Best R&B Album in 2015. Further label changes saw the release of Sex & Cigarettes (2018) under Def Jam/Universal and Spell My Name (2020) under Island. Braxton is also a television executive producer and personality. She competed in the seventh season of the reality competition series Dancing with the Stars. She has executive produced and starred in Braxton Family Values, a reality television series that aired on We TV from 2011 to 2020. Braxton was also an executive producer of Tamar & Vince, a spinoff reality TV series starring her younger sister, Tamar. Early life Toni Michele Braxton was born in Severn, Maryland, on October 7, 1967. Her father, Michael Conrad Braxton Sr., was a Methodist clergyman and power company worker, and her mother, Evelyn Jackson, a native of South Carolina, was a former opera singer and cosmetologist, as well as a pastor. Braxton's maternal grandfather was also a pastor. Braxton is the eldest of six siblings. She has a younger brother Michael Jr. (born 1968) and four younger sisters Traci Renee (1971 - 2022), Towanda Chloe (born 1973), Trina Evette (born 1974), and Tamar Estine (born 1977). They were raised in a strict religious household, and Braxton's first performing experience was singing in her church choir. Braxton attended Bowie State University to obtain a teaching degree, but decided to sing professionally after she was discovered by William E.", "title": "Toni Braxton" }, { "docid": "4560168", "text": "Cherish is an American R&B music group consisting of sisters Fallon, Felisha, Farrah, and Neosha King. Originating from Atlanta, Georgia, both their parents are musicians, their father having been in the band Professions of Sounds, who frequently toured with acts such as the Emotions and Earth, Wind & Fire. The group was signed to Capitol Records and Sho'nuff Records. They experienced chart success with the hit song \"Do It to It\". The group first rose to fame when they were featured on the single \"In Love wit Chu\", by Da Brat. They quickly followed up with their official debut single, \"Miss P.\", which had minor success on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart in the US. After the failure of the single, their initial debut album was cancelled. However, they continued recording music, and lent their vocals to a soundtrack for The Powerpuff Girls. In 2006, they released their second official single, \"Do It to It\". The single was met with critical and commercial success, and was followed up with their debut album, Unappreciated, which reached number 4 on the Billboard 200 albums chart in the US. 2008 saw the release of the group's second studio album, The Truth. The album didn't fare as well as their previous, failing to reach the top 20 on the Billboard 200 albums chart. It was, however, preceded by the release of their second Top 40 hit, \"Killa\", which peaked at number 39 on the Billboard Hot 100. Fallon and Felisha also compose music for other artists. Felisha wrote songs for Tamar Braxton and Sevyn Streeter, and co-wrote Jacob Latimore's song \"Climb\" together with Fallon. Biography Early life and career beginnings The group originally consisted of four sisters. Farrah King (born February 17, 1984), Neosha King (born January 26, 1986) and twins Fallon and Felisha King (born June 5, 1988). Originally from Maywood, Illinois, the four sisters moved to Atlanta, Georgia to begin their musical career. The girls stated that they have been a group since the oldest, Farrah, was two years old. The girls were also quick to start singing professionally, starting when Farrah was only seven years old. The group also stated, in an interview with MTV, that their father was the one that brought them together, as their parents were singers as well. When asked about where their name came from, the girls stated, \"It's funny because we were sitting in the hotel room trying to come up with a name for the group. My father, which is our manager asked us \"well what do you cherish?\" Do you cherish what you do? We said yes and that's how the name Cherish came about.\" Cherish first rose to fame when they teamed up with female hip hop artist Da Brat to record a duet with her. The finished track, titled \"In Love wit Chu\", was released on March 3, 2003. The song became a commercial success in the United States, charting on many charts in the country. The single reached the top", "title": "Cherish (group)" } ]	[ "Toni Braxton" ]
train_7073	who wrote the song if you do n 't know me by now	[ { "docid": "5472884", "text": "\"If You Don't Know Me by Now\" is a song written by Kenny Gamble and Leon Huff, and recorded by the Philadelphia soul musical group Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes. It became their first hit after being released as a single in September 1972, topping the US R&B chart and peaking at number 3 on the US Billboard Hot 100. \"If You Don't Know Me by Now\" was originally written for Labelle (a trio led by Patti LaBelle) but they never recorded it. The song's composers Kenny Gamble and Leon Huff gave it to Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes, which featured Teddy Pendergrass as lead vocalist, and the actual background vocals done by producers Kenny Gamble, Leon Huff, Carl Helm, and Bunny Sigler. In addition to the single release, the track was included on their debut album, I Miss You. Patti LaBelle later made the song part of her concert repertoire in 1982; a live version appears on her 1985 album, Patti. \"If You Don't Know Me by Now\" has since been recorded by a number of other artists, most notably the English pop and soul band Simply Red, who took their version to number one on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1989. The song \"If You Don’t Know Me By Now\" was chosen as one of the \"Songs of the Century\" by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts Simply Red version Simply Red's version of \"If You Don't Know Me by Now\" was a commercial success in 1989, giving the band their second US number one and also topping the charts of Australia and New Zealand; in the latter country, it was the best-selling single of 1989. On the UK Singles Chart, it peaked at number two, becoming the band's second top-10 hit in their home country. This version won the Grammy Award for the Best R&B Song of 1989. The single's music video, filmed in London, was directed by Vaughan Arnell and Anthea Benton. According to the producer, Stewart Levine, he did not want too much orchestration on the record, and went with a two-part harmony instead of a three-part harmony. Mick Hucknall admitted he loved Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes' version, and stated he danced to their music when he was 13. Critical reception Jerry Smith from Music Week wrote, \"Top-notch purveyors of smooth soul, Simply Red deliver this excellent version of the old Harold Melvin & the Bluenotes classic, lifted from their already platinum-selling A New Flame LP. As a follow-up to their 'It's Only Love' hit, it's a sure fire winner. Expect mass exposure.\" Track listings 7-inch single \"If You Don't Know Me by Now\" – 3:23 \"Move On Out\" (recorded live Manchester on February 22, 1989) – 5:18 12-inch single \"If You Don't Know Me by Now\" – 3:23 \"Move On Out\" (recorded live Manchester on February 22, 1989) – 5:18 \"Shine\" (recorded live Manchester on February 22, 1989) – 3:30 3-inch CD single \"If", "title": "If You Don't Know Me by Now" } ]	[ { "docid": "24943601", "text": "This is a list of songs recorded and released by British pop group Bucks Fizz 0–9 10,9,8,7,6,5,4 A Always Thinking of You Another Night Are You Ready B Because of Susan Breaking and Entering Breaking Me Up Brillar C Censored Cold War The Company You Keep D Don't Pay the Ferryman (Live) Don't Stop Don't Think You're Fooling Me Don't Turn Back E Easy Love El Mundo de Illusion Eso Fue Ayer Every Dream Has Broken Evil Man F Fly Away (unreleased Polydor track) G Getting Kinda Lonely Give a Little Love Golden Days H Heart of Stone Here's Looking at You Hou Siente Soledades I I Can't Live Without Love Identity I'd Like to Say I Love You I Do It All for You If Paradise is Half as Nice If You Can't Stand the Heat If You're Right I Hear Talk I Love Music Indebted to You I Need Your Love In Your Eyes Invisible It's Got to Be Love I Used to Love the Radio J January's Gone K Keep Each Other Warm L Lady of the Night The Land of Make Believe Let's Get Wet London Town Love Dies Hard Love in a World Gone Mad Love the One You're With M Magical Making Your Mind Up Midnight Reservation Move Over (I'm Driving) My Camera Never Lies N New Beginning (Mamba Seyra) Noches Sin Ti Now Those Days Are Gone Now You're Gone O Oh Suzanne One of Those Nights One Touch (Don't Mean Devotion) One Touch Too Much One Way Love Otre Noche P Piece of the Action Pulling Me Under Putting the Heat On Q R The Right Situation Rules of the Game Run for Your Life Running Out of Time S She Cries Shine On Shot Me Through the Heart Skin on Skin Soul Motion Stepping Out Surrender Your Heart T Takin' Me Higher Talking in Your Sleep Tears on the Ballroom Floor These Boots Are Made for Walkin' Thief in the Night Too Hard Took it to the Limit Total Attraction (unreleased 1983 song) Twentieth Century Hero U V Via Libre W What Am I Gonna Do What's Love Got to Do With It What's One Lonely Woman When the Love Has Gone When We Were at War When We Were Young Where Do I Go Now Where the Ending Starts X Y Yo Se Que Es Amor You and Your Heart so Blue You Love Love Young Hearts Z Bucks Fizz", "title": "List of songs recorded by Bucks Fizz" }, { "docid": "20388808", "text": "\"Rock & Roll\" (sometimes spelled Rock 'n' Roll) is a song by the Velvet Underground, originally appearing on their 1970 album Loaded. The song was written by the Velvets' leader Lou Reed, who continued to incorporate the song into his own live performances years later as a solo artist. The song recounts the advent of rock & roll, telling the story of a girl named Jenny whose \"life was saved by rock and roll.\" In the liner notes to the Velvet Underground's box set Peel Slowly and See, Lou Reed wrote, Rock and Roll' is about me. If I hadn't heard rock and roll on the radio, I would have had no idea there was life on this planet. Which would have been devastating - to think that everything, everywhere was like it was where I come from. That would have been profoundly discouraging. Movies didn't do it for me. TV didn't do it for me. It was the radio that did it.\" The song also appears on the albums 1969: The Velvet Underground Live; Live MCMXCIII; Loaded: Fully Loaded Edition; American Poet; Another View; Rock 'n' Roll Animal; Live in Italy; Rock and Roll: an Introduction to The Velvet Underground.; Rock and Roll Diary: 1967–1980. Notable covers and pop culture uses \"Rock & Roll\" has appeared in a number of films, including A Guide to Recognizing Your Saints, Rock 'n' Roll High School and SLC Punk! A clip of the Velvet Underground performing the song is played on completion of the Rock & Roll wonder in Civilization IV. In addition, the quote about researching the technology \"Radio,\" read by Leonard Nimoy, is \"...then one fine morning she puts on a New York station.... You know, her life was saved by rock & roll.\" The quote is credited to Lou Reed. Mitch Ryder's band Detroit, which featured Lou Reed's future guitarist Steve Hunter, performed one of the first cover versions of the song in 1971, changing the lyric \"New York station\" to \"Detroit station\". Other artists to cover the song include The Runaways, changing the aforementioned lyric to \"L.A. station\". The band Jane's Addiction, though also from Los Angeles, uses Reed's original \"New York station\" in its cover version of the song. References 1970 songs The Runaways songs The Velvet Underground songs Songs written by Lou Reed Songs about rock music Songs about radio", "title": "Rock & Roll (The Velvet Underground song)" }, { "docid": "37179198", "text": "Stoic is the third mixtape by American singer T-Pain, released on September 30, 2012. The mixtape features guest appearances from Tay Dizm, Pitbull, Nuke Nikelz, Doe Montana, Notty Black, Skye, Young Cash, Mistah Fab, Krizz Kaliko, Tech N9ne, Shay Mooney, Big K.R.I.T. and Travie McCoy. Background On August 22, 2012, T-Pain announced the mixtape during an interview with Yahoo Music, he explained that the Stoic mixtape features a surprising mixture of genres, saying: \"It's basically an outlet for me, and it's so many different genres of music on this mixtape it's crazy,\" he said. \"This is a collection of [the] kinds of things that's happening in my head, and I'm not going to show any remorse for putting all these genres together and just really hurting the world. I'm not trying to make an urban mixtape. I'm not trying to make a pop mixtape. I'm making a T-Pain mixtape.\" T-Pain also explained the mixtape title reflects his need to vent, saying: \"The mixtape is called Stoic that means a person that's able to take great amounts of pain without showing emotion. It's pretty much everything I'm trying to do, however I want to do it, this is just total freedom for me right now.\" T-Pain also explained the mixtapes lead single \"Don't You Quit\", saying: \"You know me, I'm just all into motivation. That comes in all kinds of forms. So we just trying to venture out and make sure everybody get their piece of all of my motivation because I got a lot to give out. It's got to be an anthem.\" Promotion On August 22, 2012, the first song was released in promotion of the mixtape titled \"Don’t You Quit\". On September 27, 2012, the music video was released for \"Don’t You Quit\" On October 8, 2012, the music video was released for \"Hang Ups\". Track listing References 2012 mixtape albums T-Pain mixtape albums Albums produced by Maejor Albums produced by Boi-1da Albums produced by T-Minus (producer) Albums produced by T-Pain Albums produced by Tha Bizness Pop albums by American artists Electronic albums by American artists Nappy Boy Entertainment mixtape albums", "title": "Stoic (mixtape)" }, { "docid": "47867389", "text": "Welcome to Fantasy Island, is the second album from American R&B singer/songwriter Adina Howard. The album was due for release on July 29, 1997, but the album was then shelved. It later received an unofficial release (excluding \"T-Shirt & Panties\" and \"Crank Me Up\" which were included on her The Second Coming release under Rufftown Records) on May 19, 2013 through the mixtape site DatPiff.com. Despite the album never being originally released in 1997, it did however spawn two singles, \"(Freak) And U Know It\" and \"T-Shirt & Panties.\" In January 2021, it was announced that Rhino Records had acquired the rights to the album and it was finally released onto digital audio platforms on February 19, 2021. Background After the success of her debut album Do You Wanna Ride? in addition to her hit soundtrack single \"What's Love Got to Do With It?\" with Warren G, Howard began work on her sophomore album. During this time, her record label Mecca Don/EastWest Records merged into Elektra Records, headed by label exec Sylvia Rhone. She gained more creative control with the project (originally titling it Portrait of a Lady), being able to hand-pick the songs and working with an array of popular artists such as her then-labelmate Missy Elliott, Bizzy Bone of Bone-Thugs-N-Harmony, DJ Quik, Timbaland, Ginuwine, K-Ci Hailey of Jodeci, and Jamie Foxx. Similar to her debut album, where she recorded a cover of the R&B classic \"You Don't Have to Cry,\" she recorded a cover of the hit Vanity 6 song \"Nasty Girl\" for the album. However, it eventually did not make the final album tracklist. Originally set for release on July 29, 1997, the album was preceded by the release of the lead single \"[Freak] And U Know It\" which was produced by DJ Quik. The song was serviced to radio on May 20, with the music video directed by Francis Lawrence. The single ended up peaking at #70 on the Hot 100, and #32 on R&B (marking her 4th Top40 R&B hit). It also included a B-side track called \"Swerve On\" featuring Menajahtwa. The album was later pushed back to September 16. As the album received critical acclaim from such publications as SPIN (\"...a sleek, danceable artifact of hip hop-inflected craftmanship.\"), All Music (\"...Howard's second album is a more consistent record than its predecessor, boasting a better selection of songs and grooves.\") and VIBE (\"...Like an album-length version of the Isley Brothers' booty-call classic \"Between the Sheets,\" Welcome to Fantasy Island offers tracks that are smooth enough to soothe the take-charge woman.\"), Howard soon faced label issues. As album delays and creative differences with her label happened (including conflict with then-Elektra Records CEO Sylvia Rhone), Howard soon found her album being shelved, and her departing from the label to get away from the music industry. To date, Howard remains proud of the album and its cover. \"Personal Freak\" featuring Bizzy Bone eventually received an official digital release on his 2014 album Revival (original version), and then his", "title": "Welcome to Fantasy Island" }, { "docid": "52011352", "text": "Lou Courtney (born Louis Russell Pegues, August 15, 1943 – June 25, 2021) was an American soul singer and songwriter who had several hit records in the 1960s and 1970s, both as a performer and writer. Biography Born in Buffalo, New York, he graduated from Hutchinson Central Technical High School in 1962. As Lew Courtney, he first recorded for Imperial Records the same year. He also worked in New York City as a songwriter, using his birth name, Louis Pegues, and wrote for Chubby Checker as well as Mary Wells' 1964 hit \"Ain't It the Truth\". With Dennis Lambert, he co-wrote the pop songs \"Find My Way Back Home\" for the Nashville Teens, \"Do the Freddie\" for Freddie and the Dreamers, and \"Up and Down\" recorded by the McCoys. He also worked as Lorraine Ellison's recording director, and produced Betty Mabry's first single, \"The Cellar\". In 1966, he signed for Riverside Records, and as Lou Courtney recorded the first in a series of dance-based songs. His first chart hit came with \"Skate Now\", which reached number 13 on the Billboard R&B chart and number 71 on the Hot 100 in 1967, and was followed by \"Do the Thing\" (#17 R&B, #80 pop). He released a series of singles on Riverside and its subsidiary Pop-Side label in the late 1960s, including two more R&B chart hits, \"You Ain't Ready\" and \"Hey Joyce\"; several tracks later regarded as classics on the British Northern soul scene such as \"Me & You Doing the Boogaloo\" and \"If the Shoe Fits\", together with an album, Skate Now - Shing-A-Ling. His recordings covered ballads and mainstream soul tracks, as well as funk. Most of his songs of the period were co-written and produced with Robert Bateman, who had previously been the co-writer and co-producer of the Marvelettes' \"Please Mr. Postman\" at Motown. Courtney left Pop-Side in 1968 and released singles on various other labels including Verve (\"Do the Horse\", 1968), Buddah (\"Let Me Turn You On\", 1969), and Hurdy-Gurdy (\"Hot Butter 'N All\", 1971). However, he failed to reach the charts until he joined Epic Records in 1973, when, working with producer Jerry Ragovoy, he had further R&B chart entries with \"What Do You Want Me To Do\" and \"I Don't Need Anybody Else\", both self-penned songs. He also released an album, I’m In Need of Love, and appeared on Bonnie Raitt's 1974 album, Streetlights, which Ragovoy produced. He formed a band, Buffalo Smoke, who released several singles, including a funk version of \"Stubborn Kind of Fella\", and an album on RCA Records in 1976. In 1978, Courtney briefly became a member of The 5th Dimension, replacing Danny Beard, and featured on their Motown album High On Sunshine. Subsequently, he has made occasional one-off live appearances. In 2016 it was reported that Courtney was living in New York City, following a stroke. He died in 2021, aged 77. Discography Chart singles Albums Skate Now - Shing-A-Ling (Riverside, 1967) I’m In Need of Love (Epic, 1974) Buffalo", "title": "Lou Courtney" }, { "docid": "34968242", "text": "\"There's More to Me Than You\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Jessica Andrews. It was released in December 2002 as the first single from the album Now. The song reached number 17 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. Andrews wrote the song with James T. Slater and Marcel, who would later become her husband. Content The song is about a woman experiencing a breakup and telling her partner that \"there's more to me than you.\" The lyrics contain a reference to Toby Keith's 1999 single \"How Do You Like Me Now?!\" Music video The music video was directed by Adolfo Doring and premiered in early 2003. The video was filmed in Joshua Tree National Park in California. Chart performance \"There's More to Me Than You\" debuted at number 55 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of December 7, 2002. Year-end charts References 2002 singles 2002 songs Jessica Andrews songs Songs written by James T. Slater Song recordings produced by Byron Gallimore DreamWorks Records singles Songs written by Marcel (singer)", "title": "There's More to Me Than You" }, { "docid": "19920892", "text": "\"Papa Can You Hear Me?\" is a song by British hip hop trio, N-Dubz. The song is dedicated to the group's former manager Byron Contostavlos, who died shortly before the band were signed to new label All Around the World. The song later became their second top 40 hit in the UK. Critical reception David Balls, writing for Digital Spy, wrote the following review: \"N-Dubz seem proud to be a band who sell as many ringtones as they do actual tracks. 'Remember that boy driving you mad every morning on the No.42? He's listening to our music,' they proclaim on their MySpace page. Whether that's a good thing probably depends on your age, but anyone would find it tough to fathom the appeal of their latest pop-garage single. Though it feels a bit harsh to knock 'Papa Can You Hear Me', which is dedicated to the band's late relative and former manager Byron Contostavlos, N-Dubz push any goodwill to the limit here. The mix of uber-serious rapping and abrasive beats is fundamentally awkward, while their lyrics are as crass as they are heartfelt. By showing their softer side, the Camden collective are probably hoping to win some new fans, but they should probably stick to making hip-hop bangers in the futureside.\" Music video The music video was premiered by the All Around the World label on their website on 13 October 2008. It includes Dappy holding onto a door knob after falling through singing in the air, Fazer running away and Tulisa floating in mid-air. Track listing Digital Download \"Papa Can You Hear Me?\" (Album Version) - 4:02 \"Papa Can You Hear Me?\" (Single Version) - 4:07 \"Papa Can You Hear Me?\" (The Studio Allstars V Festival Tribute To N-Dubz) - 4:09 \"Papa Can You Hear Me?\" (Live From BBC Radio Live Lounge) - 4:33 CD Single \"Papa Can You Hear Me?\" (Album Version) - 4:02 Charts On 23 November 2008, the song entered the UK Singles Chart at #30 on downloads alone. It became their second biggest hit peaking at #19, and at number #17 in the download chart. Following the single's success, it started falling down the Top 40, before climbing to #33 again, and finally falling to #47, where it stayed for 2 weeks. The song also peaked at #3 on the official R&B chart. References N-Dubz songs 2008 singles Songs written by Tulisa (singer) Songs written by Richard Rawson Songs written by Dappy 2008 songs All Around the World Productions singles Songs inspired by deaths Commemoration songs", "title": "Papa Can You Hear Me?" }, { "docid": "2146299", "text": "\"Outshined\" is a song by American rock band Soundgarden. Written by the band's frontman Chris Cornell, the song was released as the second single from their third studio album, Badmotorfinger (1991). It became the band's first single to reach the U.S. Mainstream Rock charts, where it peaked at number 45. It was included on Soundgarden's 1997 greatest hits album, A-Sides, the 2010 compilation album, Telephantasm and the live album Live on I-5. Composition \"Outshined\" was written in D major by frontman Chris Cornell and is performed in drop D tuning. The verses are in time, an unorthodox meter which the band also used in \"Spoonman\". Guitarist Kim Thayil has said that Soundgarden usually did not consider the time signature of a song until after the band had written it, and said that the use of odd meters was \"a total accident.\" Lyrics In an interview, Cornell said, \"I've never really been biographical in my lyrics, so when I wrote a line like 'I'm looking California and feeling Minnesota' from 'Outshined', it just felt refreshing.\" Cornell on the song: I don't know how everyone else feels ... but I definitely go through periods of extreme self-confidence, feeling like I can do anything. Perhaps a fan will sense that, like in a performance, and the hero image creeps out. But then someone will say something, however insignificant, or I'll get something in my head and, all of a sudden, I'm plummeting in the opposite direction, I'm a piece of shit, and I really can't do anything about it. That's where \"Outshined\" comes from, and why I'll never consider myself a hero. Cornell explained the song's most famous lines: \"I'm looking California/And feeling Minnesota\", in an interview with Details magazine in 1996: One of the first times I remember writing something personal was on tour. I was feeling really freaky and down, and I looked in the mirror and I was wearing a red T-shirt and some baggy tennis shorts. I remember thinking that as bummed as I felt, I looked like some beach kid. And then I came up with that line—'I'm looking California / And feeling Minnesota,' from the song 'Outshined'—and as soon as I wrote it down, I thought it was the dumbest thing. But after the record came out and we went on tour, everybody would be screaming along with that particular line when it came up in the song. That was a shock. How could anyone know that that was one of the most personally specific things I had ever written? It was just a tiny line. But somehow, maybe because it was personal, it just pushed that button. Release and reception \"Outshined\" was released as a single in 1991 in various versions with the previously unreleased B-sides \"Cold Bitch\", \"I Can't Give You Anything\", \"Girl U Want\", \"Show Me\", \"I Don't Care About You\", \"Can You See Me\", and \"Homicidal Suicidal\". Outside the United States, the single was released commercially in Germany, the Netherlands, and the United", "title": "Outshined" }, { "docid": "3750987", "text": "\"If You Go Away\" is an adaptation of the 1959 Jacques Brel song \"Ne me quitte pas\" with English lyrics by Rod McKuen. Created as part of a larger project to translate Brel's work, \"If You Go Away\" is considered a pop standard and has been recorded by many artists, including Greta Keller, for whom some say McKuen wrote the lyrics. The complex melody is partly derivative of classical music: the \"But if you stay...\" passage comes from Franz Liszt's Hungarian Rhapsody No. 6. Lyrics A sad but hopeful ballad, the lyrics are told from the perspective of someone telling their lover how much they'd be missed if they left. This is described in vivid, hyperbolic terms, such as \"there'll be nothing left in the world to trust\". If the lover stays, the narrator promises them both devotion and good times (\"I'll make you a day / Like no day has been, or will be again\"). Some lines show that the narrator is speaking to the lover as they are already leaving, or considering doing so (\"Can I tell you now, as you turn to go...\"). The lines \"If you go, as I know you will\" and later \"...as I know you must\" make clear that despite the narrator's protests, the lover's leaving is inevitable. McKuen's translation is significantly different from the original Brel lyric. The English version is based around contrasting what would happen \"if you go away\" and what could happen \"if you stay\". In the original French version, the singer begs for his lover not to leave him and is more supplicant and almost self-humiliating (the title \"Ne me quitte pas\" translates \"Do not leave me\"). Significant is the last image of the French version; although the McKuen version has lyrics that come close to the original sentiment, the French lyrics are far bleaker (as is the song in general): \"Let me become the shadow of your shadow, the shadow of your hand, the shadow of your dog\" (lit. translation of the original) as opposed to \"I'd have been the shadow of your shadow if I thought it might have kept me by your side\" (English lyrics). The English version omits a section of the original version in which the singer begs his lover to give their relationship a second chance, using examples derived from the natural world: \"I will tell you of those lovers who saw their hearts catch fire twice;\" \"Fire has often been seen gushing out of an ancient volcano we thought too old\"; \"There are, people say, burnt lands that produce more wheat than the best of Aprils\". Recordings Damita Jo reached no. 10 on the Adult Contemporary chart and no. 68 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1966 for her version of the song. Terry Jacks recorded a version of the song which was released as a single in 1974 and reached no. 29 on the Adult Contemporary chart, no. 68 on the Billboard Hot 100, and went to no. 8 in", "title": "If You Go Away" }, { "docid": "7042037", "text": "\"Love Boat Captain\" is a song by the American rock band Pearl Jam. Featuring lyrics written by vocalist Eddie Vedder and music co-written by Vedder and keyboardist Boom Gaspar, \"Love Boat Captain\" was released on February 24, 2003, as a single from the band's seventh studio album, Riot Act (2002). It became a top-20 hit in Canada and Portugal. The song was not released in the United States, where \"Save You\" was issued instead. Origin and recording \"Love Boat Captain\" features lyrics written by vocalist Eddie Vedder and music co-written by Vedder and keyboardist Boom Gaspar. According to Gaspar, the song initially developed out of a jam session he had with Vedder shortly after the two first met in Hawaii. He added, \"He had a guitar. I had a keyboard. It was a small set-up. And we wrote.\" When they were done, Vedder asked Gaspar if he was \"ready to go to Seattle.\" Vedder on the song: I had a little recording setup for when I wanted to get away and do some writing. He just showed up and we started playing. That night we wrote what turned into \"Love Boat Captain\". Within an hour, we had this thing we put on the stereo and played it loud. It was probably about an 11-minute version at that point. Bassist Jeff Ament said, \"The demo to that was called \"Boom B3\". We played a version of it, and then it got re-arranged.\" Drummer Matt Cameron on the song: There weren't any lyrics when we tracked it, so we did what we thought would be a good, tight instrumental version that would later have vocals on it. When we tracked it, I was like, \"Huh? What's this?\" It made no sense to me. But then when the vocals were added, it made perfect sense and it elevated the entire piece. Lyrics The lyrics for \"Love Boat Captain\" tackle existential matters. \"Love Boat Captain\" references the 2000 Roskilde tragedy with the line \"Lost nine friends we'll never know two years ago today\". When \"Love Boat Captain\" is performed in concert, Vedder modifies the lyric to reflect the passage of time since the tragedy. There is also a reference to The Beatles' song \"All You Need Is Love\" with the lyrics \"I know it's already been sung...can't be said enough/Love is all you need..all you need is love...\" When speaking about the song, Vedder stated: It feels a little strange talking about love that openly, but if you can't do it now, when can you do it? Love is one resource that the corporations aren't going to be able to monopolize. Which means there's hope for us human beings yet. When asked about the line, \"The young can lose hope,\" Vedder said: I was happy to get that line because I'm talking about people much older than us, people who are 70 or 80 and they've got attitudes that don't have the deep peaks and valleys as someone who in adolescence who is faced", "title": "Love Boat Captain" }, { "docid": "13838436", "text": "Culture Club is a box set of music by English band Culture Club, comprising four CDs. It was released in 2002 on the Virgin label. Some of the songs included are also Boy George solo songs. The box set represents a history of the band with an array of singles, album tracks, demos, remixes, alternative versions, and previously unreleased songs. The inner artwork includes a 72-page glossy booklet, official photos, quotes, and notes from band members. All previously unreleased tracks have been remastered for this release. The track entitled \"Shirley Temple Moment\" is a spoken-word track presenting the making of UK #3 hit \"Victims\", along with a bitter argument between band members while rehearsing it. The fourth CD is totally dedicated to remix versions of both previously released and unreleased tracks, collectively called 'The Drumheads Sessions'. Track listing Disc 1 \"Put It Down\" (demo) \"You Know I'm Not Crazy\" (demo) \"Kissing to Be Clever\" (demo) \"Mr. Man\" (B-side) \"Stand Down\" (demo) \"Next to You\" (demo) \"Peculiar World\" (demo) \"Believe\" (demo) \"I'm Afraid of Me\" (demo) \"White Boy\" (demo) \"Moving Swiftly On\" \"Do You Really Want to Hurt Me\" (demo) \"Do You Really Want to Hurt Me\" \"Love Twist\" (feat. Captain Crucial) \"Time (Clock of the Heart)\" \"Shirley Temple Moment\" \"Victims\" \"I'll Tumble 4 Ya\" \"It's a Miracle\" \"Church of the Poison Mind\" \"Karma Chameleon\" \"Colour by Numbers\" \"If the Lord Can Forgive\" \"Changing Everyday\" \"That's the Way (I'm Only Trying to Help You)\" \"Miss Me Blind\" Disc 2 \"Man-Shake\" \"Murder Rap\" (feat. Captain Crucial) \"I Specialise in Loneliness\" (Jimmy T & The Old Bastard Mix) \"Mistake Number 3\" \"Love is Lonely\" \"Bow Down Mister\" (A Small Portion 2 B Polite Mix) \"Sweet Toxic Love\" \"Moghul Tomb\" (demo) \"Vanity Case\" (Arabesque Mix) \"Who Killed Rock 'n' Roll\" \"Starman\" \"Suffragette City\" \"Funtime\" \"Mr. Strange\" \"Spooky Truth\" \"Satan's Butterfly Ball\" (4 Leigh Bowery) – with intro \"These Boots Are Made for Walking\" (Nancy Headbanger Mix) \"Genocide Peroxide\" (4 Maz) \"Less Than Perfect\" \"Confidence Trick\" \"Sign Language\" \"How D'Ya Keep Your Credibility?\" \"Is There Cream in This Soup\" (demo) Disc 3 \"Do You Really Want to Hurt Me\" (Kinky Roland Disco Mix) \"Love Hurts\" (Evolution Mix) \"Same Thing in Reverse\" (Evolution Mix) \"See Thru\" (MP3s Mix – dedicated to the late Chris McCoy – Nuff Love) \"Strange Voodoo\" (Jimmy T Prickly Heat Mix – feat. MC Filfy) \"Do You Really Want to Hurt Me\" (TMS-PMS Mix) \"Masheri\" (demo) \"Grand Scheme of Things\" (demo) \"Lion's Roar\" (demo) \"Run, Run, Run\" (demo) \"Victims 2002\" \"Do You Really Want to Hurt Me\" (Quiver Mix) \"If I Were U\" (Kinky Roland's 'Mind Over Substance' Mix) \"Church of the Poison Mind\" (Budgie Man Electro Mix) \"Bow Down Mister\" (6am Mix) Disc 4 \"Karma Chameleon\" (Nail Out of a Coffin 'Rewind Mix' – with Mr. Spee – 2002) \"I Just Wanna Be Loved\" \"Black Money\" (Hint of Helen Mix) \"Everything I Own\" (with Mr. Spee) \"Love is Love 2002\" \"Kipsy\" (with MC Kinky) \"Time (Clock of the Heart)\" \"Hiroshima\" \"Armageddon\"", "title": "Culture Club (box set)" }, { "docid": "59188086", "text": "Butterscotch were an English soft rock band which consisted of Chris Arnold, David Martin and Geoff Morrow, who are also known collectively as the songwriting and record production trio Arnold, Martin and Morrow. They are best known for their top 20 UK and Ireland hit, \"Don't You Know (She Said Hello)\". Career As Butterscotch, they scored their first and only hit with \"Don't You Know (She Said Hello)\" in June 1970, which reached No. 17 on the UK Singles Chart (remaining on the chart for a total of 11 weeks), and No. 18 on the Irish Singles Chart. Their 1972 song \"Can't You Hear the Song?\" became a hit for Wayne Newton, reaching No. 3 on the U.S. Adult Contemporary chart, No. 48 on the Billboard Hot 100, No. 8 on the Canadian RPM adult contemporary chart and No. 32 on the RPM Top 100. Their song \"Can't Smile Without You\", originally recorded and released by band member David Martin in 1975, became a big hit for Barry Manilow in 1978. A version by the Carpenters was also released in 1976. As Arnold, Martin and Morrow, they wrote and produced for many notable artists such as Elvis Presley (\"A Little Bit of Green\", \"Let's Be Friends\", \"Sweet Angeline\", \"This Is the Story\"), Cliff Richard, Wayne Newton, Dusty Springfield, Cilla Black, Mama Cass, Sandie Shaw, the Carpenters, Gerry and the Pacemakers, Edison Lighthouse, Johnny Mathis, Barry Manilow, Edwin Starr and Jessie J among many others, and also released their own material under this name. Notable hit songs include the following: \"In Thoughts of You\" - Billy Fury (1965) \"It's Up to You Petula\" - Edison Lighthouse (1971) \"Annabella\" - Hamilton, Joe Frank & Reynolds (1971) - U.S. #46, U.S. AC #21 \"Can't You Hear the Song?\" - Wayne Newton (1972) \"There's a Whole Lot of Loving\" - Guys 'n' Dolls (1975) \"Here I Go Again\" - Guys 'n' Dolls / Larry Evoy (1975 / 1977) \"Can't Smile Without You\" - Barry Manilow / the Carpenters (1978 / 1976) \"Leave Before You Love Me\" - Marshmello and Jonas Brothers (2021) In the June 13, 1970 issue of Billboard magazine, the band were featured in the General News section under the headline \"Butterscotch Tour of U.S. for RCA Disk\". Discography Albums Don't You Know Butterscotch? (1970), RCA Victor Singles Butterscotch \"Surprise, Surprise\" (1970), RCA Victor \"Don't You Know (She Said Hello)\" (1970), RCA Victor - UK No. 17, IRE No. 18 \"All on a Summer's Day\" (1971), Bell \"Some Day Soon\" (1971), RCA Victor \"Office Girl\" (1971), RCA \"Can't You Hear the Song\" (1972), Jam \"Don't Make Me Laugh\" (1973), Ammo \"Sunday Won't Be Sunday Anymore\" (1974), Ammo Arnold, Martin and Morrow \"Who in the World\" (1971), Bell/RCA Victor \"I Believe in You\" / \"Sweet Angeline\" (1971), Bell \"Windows\" (1972), Bell \"Tomorrow's Song\" (1974), DJM \"Take Me as You Find Me\" (1975), DJM References External links Arnold, Martin and Morrow discography at Discogs English soft rock music groups English musical trios Musical groups", "title": "Butterscotch (band)" }, { "docid": "10064632", "text": "\"Do You Remember the First Time?\" is a song by British rock band Pulp, taken from their fourth studio album, His 'n' Hers (1994). With lyrics loosely based on Pulp frontman Jarvis Cocker's loss of virginity, the song saw some controversy for its sexual topic. Released as the second single from His 'n' Hers, the song reached number 33 in the UK, becoming the band's first top-40 hit in that country. The single was accompanied by a lengthy music video featuring celebrities discussing how they lost their virginity. The song has since become one of the band's most famous songs and has seen critical acclaim. The track also notably served as the band's opening song on their reunion tour setlist. Background \"Do You Remember the First Time?\" features lyrics about losing one's virginity written by Pulp frontman Jarvis Cocker. Cocker loosely based his lyrics on the moment that he lost his virginity at the age of nineteen; he reportedly lost it with the purpose of losing it as a teenager. Cocker later recalled of the moment, \"I have no regrets about the first person I had sex with. We were both virgins, so neither of us were under any pressure to perform. It probably took me a long time to get any good at it, to get reasonable at sex... I still don't know.\" Because of the song's lyrical content, the band received some backlash. Cocker explained, \"We got a bit of stick for the fact that 'Do You Remember The First Time?' was about sex, but it just seemed like a good subject, because it interests everybody. I mean, everybody's had a first time, or if they haven't, they're always thinking about it. Everyone's got a story to tell.\" Musically, the song featured uncredited contributions to then-touring guitarist Mark Webber, who, after years of collaborating with Pulp, would join the band in 1995. He recalled, \"I did write part of 'Do You Remember The First Time?' [which] caused a bit of trouble for a while, I think, so I shut up about it. It was all a bit complicated, I wasn't really sure if I wanted to be more involved or not.\" Lyrics The lyrics to \"Do You Remember the First Time?\" discuss losing one's virginity, though it also features the narrator pleading with a girl who is seeing someone else. As Stereogum'''s Ryan Leas writes, \"The title of course always pointed towards losing your virginity, but the narrative of the song also had to do with a man addressing his lover who keeps returning to another man.\" Because of the song's title and its use as the band's opening song during its reunion shows, it has been described by Leas as \"a rallying cry for the Pulp reunion.\" Brad Sanders, also of Stereogum, wrote of the song's resonance during the band's reunion, \"By starting their shows with 'Do You Remember the First Time?,' Pulp concedes that reunion tours are essentially nostalgia trips for a large portion of the", "title": "Do You Remember the First Time?" }, { "docid": "21495271", "text": "\"I'm Not Alone\" is a song by Scottish recording artist Calvin Harris, released as the lead single from his second studio album, Ready for the Weekend (2009). The track was first played by Pete Tong on BBC Radio 1 as his \"essential new tune\" on 23 January 2009 and has been described as a slice of euphoric dance. On 12 April 2009, the song debuted at number one on the UK Singles Chart, earning Harris his first solo number-one single on the chart and second overall following his 2008 collaboration with Dizzee Rascal and Chrome, \"Dance wiv Me\". In 2010, Harris received a writing credit on Chris Brown's hit single \"Yeah 3x\", due to the perceived similarities between the two songs. Background and writing Harris called the song \"a big stadium dance tune, somewhere between Snow Patrol, Faithless and Grandaddy\". He said in a publicity release: \"The whole track's a light and shade thing, two styles put together. I find it quite hard to write a happy-happy lyric now, for some reason. I don't know why that is, to be honest with you. Maybe it's staying in a room for a huge amount of time on your own, and that's reflected in the lyrics!\" The song is written in the key of E minor, and follows a chord progression of Em/D/Am/C. Chart performance \"I'm Not Alone\" debuted at number one on the UK Singles Chart on 12 April 2009 ― for the week ending 18 April 2009 ― knocking Lady Gaga's \"Poker Face\" off the top of the chart. It remained at the top position for two weeks, until it was dethroned by Tinchy Stryder's \"Number 1\" featuring N-Dubz. On 3 January 2010, \"I'm Not Alone\" re-entered the chart at number ninety-nine. In the Republic of Ireland, the single debuted at number fourteen on the Irish Singles Chart on 9 April 2009, peaking at number four by its third week. Controversy When Chris Brown's 2010 single \"Yeah 3x\" was released, Harris claimed that \"Yeah 3x\" plagiarised \"I'm Not Alone\". He tweeted, \"Choked on my cornflakes when I heard [the] new Chris Brown single this morning. Do you know what I mean?\" After receiving many abusive messages from Brown's fans after posting the comment, he later tweeted, \"I don't care that you call me a nobody. Stealing is still stealing, doesn't matter who you are! ... Because Chris Brown is an international celebrity doesn't make it OK to rip off a guy from [the] UK not many people have heard of.\" When asked in an interview with Australia's Herald Sun if Brown knew him, Harris replied, \"Well, he's never heard of me, that's the funniest thing. But the producer he's worked with, DJ Frank E, has definitely heard of me. He's a respected producer, he's worked with Tiësto on a few tracks, perhaps that's where the link is. It's all a bit of fun.\" Brown later spoke with Harris and upon hearing the similarities between the two songs, had Harris' name", "title": "I'm Not Alone" }, { "docid": "71054551", "text": "Joe N Little III (born July 14, 1968) is an American singer, songwriter and producer who is best known as the lead singer of the 90s R&B group, Rude Boys, who had two No. 1 R&B singles, \"Written All Over Your Face\" and \"Are You Lonely For Me\", on Billboard R&B/Hip Hop Chart. They received a Billboard Award for \"Written All Over Your Face\", as the No. 1 R&B song of 1991. Early life Little was born on July 14, 1968, in Cleveland, Ohio, to parents Joe Little Jr., and Patricia Ann Little. Career Rude Boys In 1987, Little along with friends Edward Lee Banks, Larry Marcus, and Melvin Sephus (Rude Boys) was discovered by R&B singer Gerald Levert who got them a record contract with Atlantic Records. In 1990, Rude Boys released their debut album entitled, \"Rude Awakening\" releasing 4 singles, \"Heaven\", \"Come Let's Do This\", and their two Billboard top charting No.1 R&B hits, \"Written All Over Your Face\" a top 20 on Billboard's Top 100 chart, and \"Are You Lonely For Me\". They released two more albums: \"Rude House\" in 1992 and \"Rude As Ever\" in 1997. Writing and producing Through the 90s and 2000s Little collaborated with other artists, producing and songwriting. In 1998, he co-wrote and produced two singles, \"It's Your Turn\" and \"No Mans Land\", for Levert's RIAA Platinum album \"Love & Consequences\" In 2000, Little and Levert co-wrote and produced the singles \"Selfish Reasons\" and \"Proven and True\" for The Temptations' album \"Ear-Resistible\", which won a Grammy Award for Best Traditional R&B Vocal Album. Solo projects In 1994, as solo artist, Little released his debut album entitled, \"Puttin' It Down\" on Atlantic Records under the name J. Little. four singles, \"When I Think Of You\", \"Beautiful\", \"Holiday Song\" and \"All Of Me\" on his own label, Brother 2 Brother International. In September of that year, Little participated in the group Black Men United along with Al B. Sure, Keith Sweat, El DeBarge, Christopher Williams, Brian McKnight and Little's then-mentor Gerald Levert recording the track \"U Will Know\" from the soundtrack to Doug McHenry's 1994 film Jason's Lyric. Other work In 2010, Little opened a coffee shop in Cleveland, Ohio where he grew up named, Urbean Joe Coffee House on St. Clair Avenue near 152nd Street. He opened a second location in May 2011 at Larchmere Boulevard near Shaker Square. Discography Rude Boys Albums Rude Awakening - 1990 Rude House - 1992 Rude As Ever - 1997 Singles Come On Let's Do It - 1990 Written All Over Your Face - 1990 Are You Lonely For Me - 1991 Heaven - 1991 My Kind Of Girl - 1993 Go Ahead And Cry - 1993 Nothing To One - 1997 Solo Albums Puttin' It Down - 1994 Singles When I Think Of You - 2019 Beautiful - 2020 Holiday Song - 2021 All Of Me - 2021 References External links Little III All Music Credits YouTube Joe Little All Of Me Joe Little Writing &", "title": "Joe Little III" }, { "docid": "67659266", "text": "\"Keep Warm\" is a song by Italian band Jinny, fronted by British singer and TV host Carryl Varley. Originally released in 1991 as a single only in the UK by Virgin Records as part of the Italo House boom of the late 80s/early 90s, it featured samples from \"Taking Him Off Your Hands\" by Mahogany Watkins, La Velle's 1979 track \"Playgirl\" and \"What Happened to the Music\" by The Trammps, with the hook coming from a 1987 track called \"Keep It Warm\" by Voices in the Dark. As it was released two years after Black Box, when rave and indie-dance provided the dancefloor hits of the age, \"Keep Warm\" peaked low in the Top 75 at number 68. However, with Eurodance becoming popular in the UK around 1994 (with this 'Commercial European Dance' boom seeing labels like Media setting up a UK office), the license to the track was picked up by Telstar Records was re-issued by their dance music label Multiply, becoming a Top 20 hit. It peaked at number 11 on the UK Singles Chart, and reached number-one on the UK Dance Singles Chart. Critical reception Upon the 1991 release, Seamus Quinn from NME commented, \"Well, the Italians have proved time and time again that they are good at this sort of thing: catchy pop house. However much you may dislike the piano (arms raised in the middle bit) formula, this one's a bit of a stormer; a floor-filler and then some. Kicks off with the Bingo Boys vocal sample and gets down with some pants, horns and, of course, loads of piano and stuff. No one seem to know where the perpetual vocal refrain keep me warm comes from, so it may actually be really sung by Jinny! Should do very well in the British charts, and apparently it's coming here via Virgin.\" After the song was re-released in 1995, James Masterton noted in his weekly UK chart commentary, that the song \"has remained something of a classic club anthem, in a similar manner to Baby D's \"Let Me Be Your Fantasy\" and now finally comes above ground to become the hit you always felt it should be.\" Alan Jones from Music Week wrote, \"A small hit when first released on Virgin in 1991, Jinny's \"Keep Warm\" is a classic latterday Italo-house song. Now remixed in \"Don't Give Me Your Life\" style by Alex Party, with other new stylings by T-Empo and Blu Peter along with the original, it has taken off like a rocket in the clubs and looks destined for major chart success.\" Brad Beatnik from the RM Dance Update commented, \"Yeah, yeah, yeah – sure, you know this one but spare a few minutes for a couple of fine remixes. The frenetic pace of the original is replaced by a deep, Euro-styled dub from Alex Party that makes the most of the chorus while T-Empo simply spice up the original sound and Blu Peter goes for hard Euro trance; the original is included too.", "title": "Keep Warm" }, { "docid": "15727646", "text": "The Miller's Daughter is a compilation album released by Perth band The Drones. The album compiles outtakes from the band's first two full-length releases (Here Come the Lies and Wait Long By the River and the Bodies of Your Enemies Will Float By) and their first few non-album singles. Background Of the album, Liddiard said: \"This isn't really an outtakes or b-side record...its just that when we recorded 'Here Come The Lies' and 'Wait Long By The River' we did them six months apart and we had a huge pile of songs....those two records were both really long and we had to ditch some of the stuff we were doing to keep them reasonably timed....most of the stuff is recorded straight up live in the studio....so basically if I f--ked up a lyric it didn't go on the record. we didn't have the time or money or patience to correct anything....all I can remember about these sessions is just being tired and drunk and hoarse and broke and way too loud for a recording studio...it seems like 20 years ago. But I really like this record...it's got everything I like about rock n roll in there so I'm totally cool with it..... even though it's a little messy and rushed. Lots of people think we are s--t and I hope this makes them think we are even worse after hearing it cause we are just doing our thing and doing a thorough job of it......I hate to sound trite but this is what we think punk sounds like you know??? and any band worth anything knows that you are just there take what you think is most valuable in good music and then show it to everybody... kinda pervert it a little to suit... then you try to enjoy it more than everyone else.\" Content In the record liner notes, Liddiard provides the following quoted descriptions for each song: \"Someone On Your Bond\" - \"name kinda taken from a Blind Willie Johnson song, the last contract you'll ever make.... so don't fuck it up. wait long sessions.\" \"Bird In A Church\" - \"people who sing or have sung that dreadful song \"sometimes I feel like a motherless child\" should be killed. simple. came out as the A-side of a 7\" issued by infidelity records 2003ish.\" \"She Had An Abortion That She Made Me Pay For\" - \"regrets, I've had a few... Brendon plays bass, Crisso has pneumonia. recorded September 2000 at Cavalier Studios in Research (???). then it just sat there.\" \"The Miller's Daughter\" - \"I think a couple of these lines appear in a song \"Death on the Installment Plan\" by Louis-Ferdinand Céline. kind of up back somewhere. it may be part of a real song, who knows. I made the rest up.\" \"I Believe\" - \"based on an Alan Vega song of the same name, Coltrane's 'A Love Supreme', a Blind Willie Johnson song I can't recall and a couple of lines some bloke was singing to himself", "title": "The Miller's Daughter (album)" }, { "docid": "46989259", "text": "Amarna letter EA 26, titled To the Queen Mother: Some Missing Gold Statues, is a shorter-length clay tablet Amarna letter from Tushratta of Mittani. Unlike the next letter EA 27 from Tushratta, which is more than twice as tall, and about twice as wide-(XXVII paragraphs), EA 26 is topical and synoptic about recent events about the desire for 'gold statues' (VII paragraphs). The letter is addressed to the Pharaoh's wife, Teye, and its dimensions are approximately: tall, wide, and thick. EA 26 has missing edges, left and right. The piece pictured is the Oriental Institute of Chicago's piece which is part of the obverse, lower-left corner, at the beginning of lines of text. The entire obverse of EA 26 can be seen here, with its missing edges and scuffed/eroded surfaces on the edges. The Oriental Institute piece shows the high quality of inscribed cuneiform, as visible in undamaged sections of EA 26. The letter EA 26: To the Queen Mother: Some Missing Gold Statues EA 26, letter ten of thirteen from Tushratta. (Not a linear, line-by-line translation.) Obverse (see here: ) (Lines 1-6)--[Say] t[o Teye ], the mistrisss of Egy[pt]: T[hus Tuš]ratta, the king of [ Mittani. For me] all goes well. For you may all go w[ell. For your household, for] your sons, may all go well. For Tadu-Heba, [my daughter], your daughter-in-law, may all go well. For your countries, fo[r your troops,] and for whatever else belongs to you, may all go very, very [well]. (7-18)--You are the one that knows that I [myself] always showed love [to] Mimmureya, your husband, and that Mimmureya, [your] husba[nd], on the other hand, always showed love to me. A[nd the things] that I wou[ld write and] say [t]o Mimmureya, your husband, and the things that Mimmureya, your husband, [would alwa]ys write and say to me, you, [Keli]ya, and Mane know. But you are the on[e, on the other ha]nd, who knows much better than all others the things [that] we said [to one an]other. No one [el]se knows them (as well). (19-29)--[And n]ow, you yourself [sai]d to Keliya, \"Say to your lord: 'Mi[m]mureya,1 my husband, always showed love to yo[ur] father, and maintained (it) for you;2 he did not forge[t]3 his love for your father, and he did not cut o[ff]4 the [em]bassies that he had been accustomed to sending, one after the other. And now you are the one that must not forget your [l]ove5 for Mimmu[reya], your brother. Increase (it) f[or] Naphurre[y]a and maintiain (it) for hi[m]. You must keep on send[ing] embassies of joy,6 one after the other. Do not cut [them] off.' \" (30-39)--I will [not] fo[rget]8 the love for Mimmureya, your husband. More than ever be[fo]re,9 at this very moment, I show 10 times — much, much — more love to Naphurreya, your son. [Your are the one who knows] the words of Mimmureya, [your] husb[and, but] you did not s[end]10 all of my greeting-gift11 that [your husband ordered] to [be sent]. I had asked12 [your", "title": "Amarna letter EA 26" }, { "docid": "74872171", "text": "\"If You Know You Know\" is a song by American rapper Pusha T from his fifth studio album Daytona (2018). Produced by Kanye West, it contains a sample of \"Twelve O' Clock Santanial\" by the 1970s Michigan hard rock band Air. Composition In the beginning of the song, Pusha T raps over a light snare, alluding to his criminal past and criticizing rappers who pretend to be involved in illegal drug trade while referencing Pink Floyd, Trugoy the Dove, \"Niggas in Paris\", Hit-Boy, \"Throw Some D's\" and Rich Boy, before the beat drops. The main production contains ticking hi-hats, as well as snippets of ragga chants and a digital dancehall rhythm which are sampled from \"Twelve O' Clock Santanial\". Lyrically, Pusha T references his history of dealing drugs; he imagines being part of a \"fraternity of drug dealers\" who have reformed, takes credit for \"showing rappers how to stand on the front lines when trappers started throwing bands\", and implies that only those who are or have participated in drug dealing will fully comprehend his lyrics (\"If you know, you know\"). Critical reception The song was well-received by music critics. Ben Devlin of MusicOMH stated, \"Pusha T's subject matter is well worn by now, his drug kingpin boasts familiar to anyone with an interest in American rap. His wordplay makes it, the hook of opening track If You Know You Know being a prime example\". William Ketchum III of HipHopDX was favorable of Kanye West's influence, commenting that the song \"shows off Ye's expert vocal chops\". Gary Suarez of Consequence of Sound wrote \"The flawless opening lines of 'If You Know You Know' capture everything America has come to love about capitalist rap, that by-any-means braggadocio of self-made men and their flashy trophies.\" Reviewing Daytona for The New York Times, Jon Caramanica wrote \"On songs like 'If You Know You Know,' he sometimes raps so crisply and sparsely — 'A rapper turned trapper can't morph into us / But a trapper turned rapper can morph into Puff' — that he almost feels disconnected from the song's rhythm.\" Anthony Henderson of The Quietus called the song \"sonically dense\" and described it as \"an energised, low-key banger which works with an appealingly teasing premise: no matter what, certain (read: most) of the population will never be able to totally unpack his coded language.\" Matthew St. Cyr of RapReviews praised Pusha T \"showing the rest of us mortals how to flip a drug metaphor like a professional\". Live performances Pusha T performed the song on Jimmy Kimmel Live! on June 1, 2018. Music video The music video premiered on June 13, 2018 exclusively on Spotify in vertical format, before an expanded and official version in horizontal format was released on June 20, 2018. Directed by Shomi Patwary, it sees Pusha T driving in a white Ferrari through a desert road in Joshua Tree National Park at sunset and rapping. He is pulled over by a police officer, who calls for backup. Soon, there", "title": "If You Know You Know (song)" }, { "docid": "14107691", "text": "\"Love, Me\" is a song written by Skip Ewing and Max T. Barnes, and recorded by American country music artist Collin Raye. It was released in October 1991 as the second single from the album All I Can Be. In January 1992, the single became Raye's first Number One single on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks charts; the same year, the song received a Song of the Year nomination from the Country Music Association. The single has been cited as a popular choice for funerals. Content \"Love, Me\" is a ballad in the key of C major, accompanied by Fender Rhodes electric piano and steel-string acoustic guitar. It tells of a couple who promise to love each other. The song's narrator tells of being with his grandfather, and reading a note that was written by his late grandmother back when both grandparents were younger. The grandfather explains that he had intended to meet her at a certain tree: \"If you get there before I do, don't give up on me / I'll meet you when my chores are through, I don't know how long I'll be / But I'm not gonna let you down, darling, wait and see / And between now and then, 'til I see you again, I'll be loving you / Love, me.\" In the second verse, the narrator and his grandfather are at a church where they stopped to pray just before the late grandmother died, and the grandfather reads the note and begins to cry, that is the first time that he ever saw his grandfather crying in all his fifteen years. Music video The music video was directed by Peter Lippman and premiered in late 1991. Chart positions Year-end charts References 1991 singles 1991 songs Collin Raye songs Songs written by Skip Ewing Songs written by Max T. Barnes Epic Records singles Songs about grandparents Songs about death", "title": "Love, Me" }, { "docid": "33704584", "text": "The following list is a discography of production by Hit-Boy, an American hip hop record producer and recording artist from Fontana, California. It includes a list of songs produced, co-produced and remixed by year, artist, album and title. Singles produced 2007 Jennifer Lopez - Brave 2. \"Forever\" (produced with The Clutch and Cory Rooney) Gucci Mane - Back to the Trap House 4. \"I Know Why\" (featuring Pimp C, Rich Boy and Blaze-1) (produced with Butta, Polow da Don, and Rio the Superproducer) 2008 Snoop Dogg - Ego Trippin' 20. \"Why Did You Leave Me\" (featuring Chilly Chil) (produced with Polow da Don) Flo Rida - Mail on Sunday 6. \"Priceless\" (featuring Birdman) (produced with Chase N. Cashe) Tiffany Evans - Tiffany Evans 6. \"Lay Back & Chill\" (produced with B. Carr and Chase N. Cashe) G-Unit - T·O·S (Terminate on Sight) 10. \"Kitty Kat\" The Pussycat Dolls - Doll Domination 14. \"Love the Way You Love Me\" (produced with Chase N. Cashe and DioGuardi) Brandy - Human 14. \"1st & Love\" (produced with Chase N. Cashe) 2009 Mary J. Blige - Stronger with Each Tear 11. \"Stronger\" (from motion picture More than a Game) (produced with Polow da Don) 2010 Lil Wayne - Rebirth 8. \"Drop the World\" (featuring Eminem) (produced with Chase N. Cashe) Dom Kennedy - From the Westside, With Love 2. \"Still Me\" 6. \"The 4 Heartbeats\" (featuring Overdoz) Macy Gray - The Sellout 1. \"The Sellout\" (produced with Chase N. Cashe) 11. \"On & On\" (produced with Don Cannon) Kanye West - GOOD Fridays \"Christmas in Harlem\" (featuring Cam'ron, Jim Jones, Vado, Cyhi the Prynce, Pusha T, Musiq Soulchild, Teyana Taylor and Big Sean) 2011 Dom Kennedy - The Original Dom Kennedy 8. \"Can't Let Go\" 9. \"CDC\" (featuring Casey Veggies and Carter) Bobby V - Fly on the Wall 13. \"Outfit\" (featuring Cyhi Da Prynce) (produced with B.Carr of Surf Club) Jennifer Hudson - I Remember Me 6. \"Gone\" (produced with Polow da Don and Harvey Mason Jr.) Smoke DZA - The Hustler's Catalog 12. \"How Far We Go (Uptown 81) (featuring Kendrick Lamar) Kelly Rowland - Here I Am 4. \"Lay It on Me\" (featuring Big Sean) JAY-Z and Kanye West - Watch the Throne 3. \"Niggas in Paris\" (produced with Kanye West, Mike Dean, and Anthony Kilhoffer) Wale - The Eleven One Eleven Theory 17. \"Underdogg\" The Game - The R.E.D. Album 9. \"The Good, the Bad, the Ugly\" Joe Jonas - Fastlife 11. \"Lighthouse\" (produced with Chris Brown) Pusha T - Fear of God II: Let Us Pray 10. \"My God\" (produced with Deezy) Rihanna - Talk That Talk 10. \"Watch n' Learn\" (produced with Kuk Harrell) 2012 The Wrldfms Tony Williams - King or the Fool 16. \"I Know You Missed It\" (featuring John Legend) Nicki Minaj - Pink Friday: Roman Reloaded 2. \"Come on a Cone\" 3. I Am Your Leader\" (featuring Cam'ron and Rick Ross) Justin Bieber - Believe 6. \"Right Here\" (featuring Drake) (produced with Kuk Harrell)", "title": "Hit-Boy production discography" }, { "docid": "45054734", "text": "James Nyx Jr. (May 3, 1914 – July 16, 1998), sometimes credited as James Nyx, was an American songwriter for the Motown label. He co-wrote \"Inner City Blues (Make Me Wanna Holler)\", which became a #9 hit for Marvin Gaye in 1971. Nyx was born in Indianapolis, Indiana, but moved to Detroit in the 1930s, where he married twice and raised a family of eight children. He supported them through jobs requiring menial labor. At one time he was a resident of the Brewster-Douglass Housing Projects, where notable figures such as Diana Ross grew up. His start in the music business was working as a janitor and handyman for Tri-Phi/Harvey Records, which was owned by the husband and wife team of Harvey Fuqua and Gwen Gordy Fuqua, sister of Berry Gordy. He began to bring lyric ideas to Harvey, who collaborated with him on a few songs, including 1961's \"Grieving About A Love,\" recorded by Lorri Rudolph. and 1963's \"What Can You Do Now\" recorded by Harvey and Ann. When Fuqua sold his labels to Motown Records in 1963, Nyx came along, signing to Jobete Music as a songwriter, but also working as a janitor and an elevator operator. He continued to write with Fuqua, and also Marvin Gaye, but most of his early songwriting work was shelved. In July 1970, Gaye produced a song for The Originals, a Gaye/Nyx composition called \"We Can Make It Baby.\" Nyx's real breakthrough came a year later, when Gaye needed collaborators to help with lyrics for his next project, the sessions that became the landmark album What's Going On. Nyx co-wrote three tracks on the album, \"What's Happening Brother,\" \"God Is Love,\" and most famously, \"Inner City Blues (Make Me Wanna Holler).\" Motown left Detroit the following year, but Nyx did not go with them. He stayed and continued writing songs for a Detroit company named KellGriff Music. One such effort, 1974's \"Outta My Life/I'm One Who Know\" by the Brewster Crew on Lifeline records (T. Rodgers/J. Nyx Jr.) was arranged by David Van De Pitte, who famously did the orchestrations for \"What's Going On.\" In the 1990s, samples of \"Inner City Blues\" were often used on R&B and rap records, providing Nyx with royalty income. References Motown artists Songwriters from Indiana Musicians from Indianapolis 1914 births 1998 deaths 20th-century American composers Janitors 20th-century American songwriters", "title": "James Nyx Jr." }, { "docid": "20534668", "text": "Ernestine Wade (August 7, 1906 – April 15, 1983) was an American actress. She was best known for playing the role of Sapphire Stevens on both the radio and TV versions of The Amos 'n' Andy Show. Career Born in Jackson, Mississippi, Wade was trained as a singer and organist. Her family had a strong connection to the theater. Her mother, Hazel Wade, worked in vaudeville as a performer, while her maternal grandmother, Mrs. Johnson, worked for the Lincoln Theater in Baltimore, Maryland. Ernestine grew up in Los Angeles and started her acting career at age four. In 1935, Ernestine was a member of the Four Hot Chocolates singing group. She appeared in bit parts in films and did the voice performance of a butterfly in the 1946 Walt Disney production Song of the South. Wade was a member of the choir organized by actress-singer Anne Brown for the filming of the George Gershwin biographical film Rhapsody in Blue (1945) and appeared in the film as one of the \"Catfish Row\" residents in the Porgy and Bess segment. She enjoyed the highest level of prominence on Amos 'n Andy by playing the shrewish, demanding and manipulative wife of George \"Kingfish\" Stevens. Wade, Johnny Lee, and Lillian Randolph, Amanda Randolph, Jester Hairston, Roy Glenn (and several others) were among the Amos 'n' Andy radio cast members to also appear in the TV series. Ernestine began playing Sapphire Stevens in 1939, but originally came to the Amos 'n' Andy radio show in the role of Valada Green, a lady who believed she had married Andy. In her interview that is part of the documentary Amos 'n' Andy: Anatomy of a Controversy, Wade related how she got the job with the radio show. Initially there for a singing role, she was asked if she could \"do lines\". When the answer was yes, she was first asked to say \"I do\" and then to scream; the scream got her the role of Valada Green. Ernestine also played the radio roles of The Widow Armbruster, Sara Fletcher, and Mrs. Van Porter. In a 1979 interview, Ernestine related that she would often be stopped by strangers who recognized her from the television show, saying \"I know who you are and I want to ask you, is that your real husband?\" At her home, she had framed signed photos from the members of the Amos 'n' Andy television show cast. Tim Moore, her TV husband, wrote the following on his photo: \"My Best Wishes to My Darling Battle Ax from the Kingfish Tim Moore\". Wade defended her character against criticism of being a negative stereotype of African American women. In a 1973 interview, she stated \"I know there were those who were offended by it, but I still have people stop me on the street to tell me how much they enjoyed it. And many of those people are black members of the NAACP.\" The documentary Amos 'n' Andy: Anatomy of a Controversy covered the history of", "title": "Ernestine Wade" }, { "docid": "10072127", "text": "\"Lipgloss\" is a song by British rock band Pulp from their fourth album, His 'n' Hers (1994). With lyrics written by Pulp frontman Jarvis Cocker about the deterioration of social skills that comes with a relationship in the context of a breakup, the song was the first that the band worked on for their new record company, Island Records. \"Lipgloss\" was released on 15 November 1993 as the first single from the album, charting at number 50 on the UK Singles Chart. This was the band's first moderate hit and its success convinced the band not to break up. Background Lyrically, Cocker said of the song, \"'Lipgloss' was specifically about social skills going rusty. That and the fear of large shopping malls like Meadowhall in Sheffield.\" Hot Press described the song as about \"what a pisser it is when you go to all that trouble getting to know your girlfriend's friends and then she leaves you.\" \"Lipgloss\" was the band's first single for Island Records, who gave the band more resources in production. The track was the first that the band recorded for their new record company. Bassist Steve Mackey joked of the song, \"You know, it took a lot of money to get it to sound that way.\" Now supported by a major label, Cocker said before the single's release that, if it did not succeed commercially, the band would break up. He stated, \"We've always wanted to get to the stage where there were no excuses, really. Island seem to be doing a pretty competent job of getting records out and letting people know they're out. So if people don't buy the record then it'll be because they don't like us. And that's fair enough because at least they've had the chance, and if they don't want it then maybe it's time to start looking for something else to do.\" Release \"Lipgloss\" was released as the first single from His 'n' Hers on 15 November 1993, an album whose working title was Lipgloss. The single also included on its B-side the song \"Deep Fried in Kelvin,\" which Cocker described as \"a long, apocalyptic inner city scenario about a block of flats in Sheffield called the Kelvin Flats.\" The single became the band's first charting single, reaching number 50. Cocker reflected, \"With 'Lipgloss' we knew that you could see it was growing all the time, a bit of radio play and its coming in at 55 or whatever.\" The song was re-released on a red 7-inch vinyl single in the UK on 7 October 1996. Reception \"Lipgloss\" has seen a positive reception from music critics. Writing in Select magazine, Stuart Maconie reviewed a live performance of the song before its release, writing: \"Simply a straightforwardly marvelous pop song, so direct and refreshing that it will confound those who have the band tagged as a quirky novelty act.\" The Face called it a \"great single.\" Stephen Thomas Erlewine wrote of the song, \"There isn't just joy but transcendence here on", "title": "Lipgloss (song)" }, { "docid": "9473880", "text": "\"Buy U a Drank (Shawty Snappin')\" is a song by American singer T-Pain featuring American rapper Yung Joc. Produced by T-Pain himself, It was released on February 20, 2007, as the lead single from his second studio album, Epiphany. Background T-Pain said during a USA Today interview that \"Buy U a Drank\" was \"the first record where I was trying to make a hit song. I was going into the studio consciously like, 'What do people like talking about? They like drinking and they like drinking with girls. What do you say to a girl to get her a drink?'\". In 2020, T-Pain revealed during the talk show Hot Ones, that he teased the record to Chris Brown, who liked the song so much that he wanted it for himself: “Once I made [Buy U a Drank], I was so proud of it [that] I walked into Chris Brown’s studio and showed it to Chris Brown. He tried to take it from me. He was like, ‘Oh, my God… We’ve got to get this on [Exclusive].’ And I was like, ‘Yeah, man! For sure! Nah, whatever you want!’ I was just defeated at that time, and as soon as I left out of that room, I was like, ‘He’s not ever hearing that song again.’” References to other songs The song is noted for having many references to other popular dance/rap songs: Lil Scrappy's song \"Money in the Bank\" is referenced in the chorus with the line, \"I got money in the bank / Shawty what you think about that\". The line \"We in the bed like 'Ooh'\" is a reworked version of the chorus to the Lil Boosie song \"Zoom\". At the beginning, the line, \"Snap yo fingers, do your step, you can do it all by yourself\", is a lead line from the Lil Jon song, \"Snap Yo Fingers\". Also he states \"back to the crib, show you how I live\" refers to 50 Cent's \"Just a Lil Bit\". At the end of the second verse, T-Pain says 'On That Patrón You Should Get Like Me', referencing Yung Joc's \"It's Goin' Down\" off his album New Joc City. Later on in the song, T-Pain takes a line from the single by Unk, \"Walk It Out\" when he says, \"...Walk it out.\" The song also includes uncredited vocals by T-Pain's Nappy Boy artists, Tay Dizm and Jay Lyriq. Jay Lyriq sings: \"Let's get gone, walk it out....Now rock, rock, rock, rock, you can do it all by yourself\", and Tay Dizm sings: \"Now walk it out, think about it... Ah snap!\". The song ranks 63rd on Rolling Stones list of the 100 Best Songs of 2007. Chart performance The song debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 at number 84 on the issue date of March 10, 2007. On the issue date of May 12, 2007 the single became T-Pain's first and Yung Joc's second number 1 single on Billboard's Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. On the same Billboard magazine issue", "title": "Buy U a Drank (Shawty Snappin')" }, { "docid": "12199158", "text": "\"Good Times Roll\" is a song by American rock band the Cars released as the first track from their 1978 debut album The Cars. Written by Ric Ocasek as a sarcastic comment on rock's idea of good times, the song features layered harmonies courtesy of producer Roy Thomas Baker. \"Good Times Roll\" was released as the third single from the album in 1979, charting at number 41 in the United States. It has since received positive critical reception and has appeared on many of the Cars' compilation albums. Background Written and sung by Cars lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist Ric Ocasek, \"Good Times Roll\" was released as the third single from the band's debut album. Ocasek wrote the song as a sarcastic commentary on the good times in rock music, saying, \"That was my song about what the good times in rock 'n' roll really mean, instead of what they're supposed to be. It was kind of a parody of good times, really. It was kinda like not about good times at all.\" \"Good Times Roll,\" like the rest of the album, was produced by Roy Thomas Baker, who was responsible for the recording's layered harmonies. Ocasek recalled, \"I just remember when we did 'Good Times Roll' in the studio in England on the first record, and we heard back the vocals. I told Roy that I thought it was way, way too much. ... But you know, it grew on me later and it sounded so smooth. It was a nice process to do it because Roy, you know, was fortunate enough to have a 40-track machine ... so he could do layering of vocals a lot.\" The song begins with electronic drums and a guitar riff, soon joined by Ocasek's lead vocals and synthesizers by keyboardist Greg Hawkes. The song notably features the lyric \"Let them brush your rock 'n' roll hair\"; when asked if the line was a throwaway, Ocasek replied, \"Not in my opinion. It's like 'let them do whatever they want to do. Release The song was released as the third and final single from The Cars in February 1979, backed with \"All Mixed Up\". It reached number 41 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, performing slightly worse than its predecessors \"Just What I Needed\" and \"My Best Friend's Girl\". Of the nine tracks on The Cars, \"Good Times Roll\" was the only song for which no demo recording could be found during the compilation of the 1999 The Cars: Deluxe Edition package. Instead, a live version of \"Good Times Roll\" is included alongside demo versions of the other eight tracks. \"Good Times Roll\" has been featured on several Cars anthologies, including 1985's Greatest Hits, 1995's Just What I Needed: The Cars Anthology, and 2002's Complete Greatest Hits. Reception \"Good Times Roll\" has generally received positive reviews from critics. Greg Prato of AllMusic described the track as one of the \"familiar hits\" on The Cars and called it a highlight. Cash Box said it is", "title": "Good Times Roll" }, { "docid": "19065853", "text": "The following is a list of English-language pop songs based on French-language songs. The songs here were originally written and performed in the French language. Later, new, English-language lyrics were set to the same melody as the original song. Songs are arranged in alphabetical order, omitting the articles \"a\" and \"the\". A \"About The Time\" - \"Avec le temps\" (Translation: \"With Time\") \"Amsterdam\" (On The Port of Amsterdam) - \"Amsterdam (Sur le port d'Amsterdam)\" (Translation: \"Amsterdam (On The Port of Amsterdam)\") \"Antisocial\" - \"Antisocial\" (Translation: \"Antisocial\") \"Autumn Leaves\" - \"Les feuilles mortes\" (Translation: \"Dead Leaves\") B \"The Ballad Of Melody Nelson\" - \"La Ballade de Melody Nelson\" (Translation: \"The Ballad Of Melody Nelson\") \"Beyond The Sea\" - \"La Mer\" (Translation: \"The Sea\") C \"Cherry Pink and Apple Blossom White\" - \"Cerisier Rose et Pommier Blanc\" (Translation: \"Cherry Pink and Apple Blossom White\") \"Chick Habit\" - \"Laisse Tomber les Filles\" (Translation: \"Chick Habit\") D \"Don't U Feel The Beat\" - \"Les Divas Du Dancing\" (Translation: \"Dance Hall Divas\") E \"Emotion\" - \"Amoureuse\" (Translation: \"In Love\") F \"A Fair Affair\" - \"Je t'aime, moi non plus\" (Translation: \"I Love You, Nor Do I\") \"Feelings\" - \"Pour toi\" (1950s song, later amended to \"Dis lui\" - Translation: \"Tell Her\") G \"Girl Talk\" - \"Dansez sur moi\" (Translation: \"Dance On Me\") \"The Good Life\" - \"La Belle Vie\" (Translation: \"The Good Life\") I \"I Will Wait for You\" - \"Non je ne pourrai jamais vivre sans toi\" (Translation: \"I will never be able to live without you\") \"I Wish You Love\" - \"Que reste-t-il de nos amours\" (Translation: \"What Is Left of Our Loves?\") \"If I Only Had Time\" - \"Je n'aurai pas le temps\" (Translation: \"I Won't Have Time\") \"If That's What It Takes\" - \"Pour que tu m'aimes encore\" (Translation: So That You'll Still Love Me) \"If You Go Away\" - \"Ne Me Quitte Pas\" (Translation: \"Don't Leave Me\") \"If You Love Me (Really Love Me)\" - \"Hymne a l'amour\" (Translation: \"Love Hymn\") L \"Let It Be Me\" - \"Je t'appartiens\" (Translation: \"I Belong To You\") \"Let Me Try Again\" - \"Laisse Moi Le Temps- (Translation: \"Let Me Have More Time\") \"Little Jim Brown\" (\"The Three Bells\") - \"Les trois cloches\" M \"My Boy\" - \"Parce que je t’aime mon enfant\" (Translation: \"Because I Love You Child\") \"My Man\" - \"Mon homme\" (Translation: \"My Man\") \"My Sweetest Pain\" - \"Ma Douce Folie Amère\" (Translation: \"My Bittersweet Craziness\") \"My Way\" - \"Comme d'habitude\" (Translation: \"As Usual\") N \"Natural\" - \"Tous les maux d'amour\" (Translation: \"All Love Aches\") S \"Seasons In The Sun\" - \"Le Moribond\" (Translation: \"The Moribund One\") \"Solitaire\" - \"Solitaire\" (Translation: \"Solitary\") \"Song For Old Lovers\" - \"La Chanson des Vieux Amants\" (Translation: \"The Song of Old Lovers\") T \"Too Lost in You\" - \"Quand j'ai peur de tout\" (Translation: \"When Everything Scares Me\") \"Two Loves Have I\" - \"J'ai deux amours\" (Translation: \"I've Got Two Loves\") W \"What Now My Love\" - \"Et maintenant\" (Translation: \"And Now\") \"The Windmills Of", "title": "List of English-language pop songs based on French-language songs" }, { "docid": "39723817", "text": "Rock 'n' Roll with the Modern Lovers is the second album by American rock band Jonathan Richman and the Modern Lovers, released by Beserkley Records in 1977. The album reached No. 50 in the UK Albums Chart. The song \"Egyptian Reggae\" was a hit in Europe. Critical reception Dave Marsh, in The New Rolling Stone Record Guide, wrote that Richman \"lost his vision and became once more a teenage twerp ... Now you know why everybody picked on that kid in high school.\" Greil Marcus, in The Village Voice, called the album \"the purest rock and roll album I've heard this year, rooted as it is in the idea that as long as you keep a good beat, rock and roll is what you can get away with.\" Trouser Press wrote: \"Mixing traditional folk songs and lullabies with originals that would do Mister Rogers proud ('Ice Cream Man,' 'Rockin' Rockin' Leprechaun'), the ironically titled album stretched the ability of his adult fans to join in the fun.\" Track listing All tracks composed by Jonathan Richman, except where noted. Side one \"Sweeping Wind (Kwa Ti Feng)\" (traditional) – 1:59 \"Ice Cream Man\" – 3:01 \"Rockin' Rockin' Leprechauns\" – 2:09 \"Summer Morning\" – 3:49 \"Afternoon\" – 2:45 \"Fly into the Mystery\" – 3:19 Side two \"South American Folk Song\" (traditional) – 2:34 \"Roller Coaster by the Sea\" – 2:05 \"Dodge Veg-O-Matic\" – 3:45 \"Egyptian Reggae\" – 2:34 \"Coomyah\" (Desmond Dekker) – 2:08 \"Wheels on the Bus\" (traditional) – 2:26 \"Angels Watching over Me\" (traditional) – 1:50 2004 CD bonus track \"Dodge Veg-O-Matic (Extended Version)\" – 4:12 Personnel Jonathan Richman and the Modern Lovers Jonathan Richman – vocals, guitars Greg 'Curly' Keranen – bass, vocals Leroy Radcliffe – guitar, vocals D. Sharpe – drums, vocals Technical Matthew King Kaufman – producer Glen Kolotkin – producer Carol Fondé – photography William Snyder – painting Tom Lubin – assistant engineer Phil Brown – mastering Flashing Neon – LP concept Jim Blodgett – art direction Billy Cole – logistics References 1977 albums Jonathan Richman albums Beserkley Records albums Albums produced by Glen Kolotkin", "title": "Rock 'n' Roll with the Modern Lovers" }, { "docid": "8909374", "text": "James Ralph Bailey (June 17, 1937 – September 6, 1985) was an American R&B singer and songwriter. A member of The Cadillacs from 1956 to 1972, he also recorded as a solo artist. He worked as a background vocalist for singers such as Aretha Franklin, Roberta Flack, Donny Hathaway, Melvin Van Peebles and Jimmy Castor. Biography Bailey was born on June 17, 1937, in Baltimore, Maryland. He was a member of doo-wop groups The Halos, The Cadillacs, and The Crickets (not Buddy Holly's Crickets), and also recorded as a solo artist. He also co-wrote several hits with songwriter Ken Williams; the songs included \"Everybody Plays the Fool\" by The Main Ingredient, \"Sweet Music, Soft Lights And You\" by Isaac Hayes & Millie Jackson, \"Love, Love, Love\", which he released in 1972 and was covered the following year by Donny Hathaway, and \"Just Me And You\" by Erasmus Hall. He also co-wrote songs with New York singer Vernon Harrell (who had performed with The Coasters). \"Soul Shing-A-Ling\" and \"Seven Days Too Long\" by Chuck Wood in 1966, and \"Sweet, Sweet Lovin'\" by The Platters in 1967 were among songs written by Bailey and Harrell. The pair also co-wrote Harrell's release \"Do It To It\" in 1969 on Calla Records with J. Robinson. His song \"Let Me Prove My Love to You\", which was originally performed by The Main Ingredient, was sampled for Alicia Keys' 2003 single \"You Don't Know My Name\". Career He began his solo career in 1965, releasing records as Jimmy Bailey on Columbia Records. Bailey released a record on Calla Records in 1968 called \"Love Won't Wear Off.\" It was written and produced by Billy Guy of The Coasters. Bailey and Billy Guy had a record company called GuyJim Records. Bailey co-wrote the song, \"Help Me\" with Johnny Northern. The production was handled by Robert Banks. It was released on Wand WND 1135 in 1966. It was credited to Al Wilson, but the singer was not the famous Al Wilson. The song was released on Wand Records in 1966. And Record World mentioned in the September 17, 1966 issue that the label's two newest releases were \"Too Much Too Soon\" by Shirley & Jesse, and \"Help Me\" by Al Wilson\". Death He died on September 6, 1985, in New York City. Discography Just Me n' You (MAM #5011) (1974) Love and Conversation (United Artists #815) (1977) References 1937 births 1985 deaths American rhythm and blues musicians Northern soul musicians 20th-century American musicians The Cadillacs members Musicians from Baltimore Musicians from New York City", "title": "J. R. Bailey" }, { "docid": "26202996", "text": "\"Can You Jerk Like Me\" (Gordy G7037) is a 1964 R&B song by Motown Records group The Contours, issued on its Gordy Records subsidiary. It charted on the Billboard Hot 100, reaching #47, and a Top 20 hit on its R&B chart, reaching #15. A single-only release, it did not appear on any original Contours studio album, as the group only had one album release during their five years on the label, 1962's \"Do You Love Me (Now That I Can Dance)\". (Note: It has been recently revealed that this song was recorded for a planned, but unreleased, Contours album for Motown in 1964 entitled The Contours: Can You Dance (Gordy 910). This album was released, in modified form, by the import label, Kent Records, in 2011 under the name Dance With The Contours under license from Motown Records). The song's flip side, the Smokey Robinson-written-and-produced \"That Day When She Needed Me\", which featured the original Contours before their departure, was also a hit, reaching #37 on the Cash Box R&B chart. Both songs have appeared on several Contours Motown compilation CD collections: An instrumental version of \"Can You Jerk Like Me\" (the original backing track), was released by Motown's house band Earl Van Dyke and The Funk Brothers (under the pseudonym 'Earl Van Dyke and The Soul Brothers' on their 1965 album That Motown Sound (Motown 631) Instrumental group The T-Bones also recorded a version of The Contours' \"Can You Jerk Like Me\", on their 1965 LP entitled Doin The Jerk. Background A powerful, propulsive up-tempo rocker, tailor-made for Motown's dynamic Contours, this was one of several songs based on The Jerk, a popular 1960s dance craze. Led by Billy Gordon, one of the group's two lead singers, this song was written by Motown staff songwriter/producer William \"Mickey\" Stevenson, (who also doubled as the Motown label's A&R director) and songwriter Ivy Jo Hunter. An instructional dance number, Billy Gordon, as the group's narrator, invites the listener to learn the jerk, with the words: \"Can You Do The Jerk? Come on, let's work Move your shoulders up and down... your feet don't leave the ground... Anyone can do it... Friends, there's nothing to it. It's for young or old...all it takes is soul... And I just wanna know Can You Jerk Like Me\". The Capitols' more successful 1966 Top 10 song, \"Cool Jerk\", borrows heavily from \"Can You Jerk Like Me\" in key and tempo, and partially, even lyrics (The Contours' \"c'mon, child-ren\" vs. The Capitols' \"C'mon peo-ple\") and, not coincidentally, both songs feature music by Motown's hot studio band, The Funk Brothers, with the Motown musicians moonlighting for the non-Motown group's Karen Records release. 1964 was the last year that the original Contours recorded for Motown. Despite being among the label's earliest artists, The Contours never received the attention or promotion that the other Motown acts received because Motown head Berry Gordy felt that the group didn't have enough \"crossover potential\". With the sole exception of Contours lead vocalist", "title": "Can You Jerk Like Me" }, { "docid": "971325", "text": "Adina Marie Howard (born November 14, 1973) is an American singer and songwriter. She rose to fame during the mid-1990s with her debut album, Do You Wanna Ride? and her debut single, \"Freak like Me\". Some of her other minor hits include \"What's Love Got to Do with It?\" (with Warren G), \"(Freak) And U Know It\", \"Nasty Grind\", \"Freaks\" (with Play-N-Skillz and Krayzie Bone) and \"T-Shirt & Panties\" (with Jamie Foxx). Early life Adina Marie Howard-Walker was born on November 14, 1973, and raised in Grand Rapids, Michigan, by her mother with her three younger sisters. The family would later move to Phoenix, Arizona. One of her earliest role models was Madonna, another Michigan native. In the mid-1990s, she gained the attention of manager-producer Livio Harris, who helped her record some demos and later land a deal with Max Gousse through Mecca Don/EastWest Records. Career 1993–1996: Do You Wanna Ride? and the hit success of \"Freak Like Me\" Her debut album Do You Wanna Ride?, featuring the Platinum-certified hit single, \"Freak like Me\", was released in 1995 and was certified Gold by the RIAA. Her follow-up singles included \"My Up and Down\" (#32 R&B, No. 68 Hot 100) and \"It's All About You\" (#58 R&B). In 1996, she collaborated with Warren G for the Police Story 3: Super Cop soundtrack with the single \"What's Love Got to Do with It\" which featured a sample of the Tina Turner hit. The single was another hit for the two, peaking at No. 36 on the Hot 100, No. 32 on R&B, and No. 2 on the UK charts. The music video also featured Jackie Chan in a cameo. Also that year, she collaborated on a track with Somethin' for the People titled \"Damned If I Do\" which appeared on the soundtrack for A Thin Line Between Love and Hate as well as their self-titled debut album. She also recorded the track \"For the Funk\" for the Sunset Park soundtrack. 1997: Welcome to Fantasy Island and acting In 1997, she prepared for the release of her second album, Welcome to Fantasy Island (originally titled Portrait of a Lady). It garnered critical raves and a moderate hit with the lead single, \"(Freak) And U Know It\", but was shelved by Elektra Records in 1997. The album was leaked to the internet a few years later and promotional copies sell for hundreds of dollars One of the shelved album's tracks, \"T-Shirt & Panties\" (a collaboration with Jamie Foxx) ended up on a soundtrack the following year. It was originally slated for the soundtrack to his film Booty Call but it eventually ended up on the soundtrack to the 1998 feature film Woo. It was released promotionally as a single, and the remix featured Cam'ron and Charli Baltimore. Also this year, she collaborated with Cydal on a track titled \"Chocolate (Cuties & Condoms)\" which was released as a single for the Bulletproof soundtrack. The track was also included on their debut album Cydalwayz the following", "title": "Adina Howard" }, { "docid": "3643826", "text": "Are You Passionate? is the 26th studio album by Canadian / American musician Neil Young, his only album to feature Booker T. & the M.G.'s, and his 9th with Crazy Horse, released on April 9, 2002 as a double LP and as a single CD. The album represents Young's foray into soul music, one of many explorations into different genres during his career. Exceptions are rocker \"Goin' Home\", recorded with Crazy Horse, and the brooding \"Let's Roll\", a response to the 9/11 terrorist attacks. The album ends with \"She's a Healer\", an extended jam. Background and recording Young had previously toured North America and Europe with Booker T. & the M.G.'s in 1993, after appearing with the group at Bob Dylan's The 30th Anniversary Concert Celebration earlier that year. Young recorded Are You Passionate? with the group at The Site Recording Environment in Marin County during sessions in May 2001 and again in November and December 2001. Young had previously recorded several of the album's songs with longtime collaborators Crazy Horse between November 2000 and February 2001 at Toast studios in San Francisco. \"Goin' Home\" dates from these sessions. Young would later compile and release an album from these sessions in 2022, entitled Toast. Young explains the decision to change direction during the production of the album: Songs The album was written and recorded during a time of \"serious problems\" in Young's marriage; the lyrics of \"Mr. Disappointment\", \"Differently\" and \"Quit (Don't Say You Love Me)\" in particular reflect a sense of relationship regret. \"Let's Roll\" was written in response to the downing of United Airlines Flight 93 during the September 11 attacks. Young would tell Pulse: \"It's just so poignant, and there's no more of a legendary, heroic act than what those people did – with no promise of martyrdom, no promise of any reward anywhere for this, other than just knowing that you did the right thing. And not even having a chance to think about it or plan it or do anything — just a gut reaction that was heroic and ultimately cost them all their lives. What more can you say? It was just so obvious that somebody had to write something or do something.\" Young felt motivated to recognize the valor of the passengers despite the risk that the song would be perceived as trite: Critical reception Are You Passionate? was met with \"mixed or average\" reviews from critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, this release received an average score of 54 based on 17 reviews. In a review for AllMusic, critic reviewer Stephen Thomas Erlewine wrote: \"Instead of sounding like a refreshing change of pace, it's a muddled, aimless affair from an artist who's had too many middling efforts over the last decade.\" At The Austin Chronicle, Raoul Hernandez admitted the \"songs are too long, too slow, and they all sound the same.\" Billboard called it the \"great next step in Young's career", "title": "Are You Passionate?" }, { "docid": "10800264", "text": "DU–Teššup was the son of Aziru, of the 1350–1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence, and also the father of Aziru's successor, in Amurru (regional Syria). DU-Teššup's name refers to the Hurrian god of sky and storm, Teshub. Aziru, and his father Abdi-Ashirta, were some of the major instigating forces (in the north) causing conflict with the Egyptian pharaoh, as cities ('city-states'), and regions were under constant threat and destruction in the northern, and western Canaan region (Lebanon, and southern Syria). DU–Teššup is the presumed author of tablet-letter EA 169-(EA is for 'el Amarna') written to pharaoh, requesting Aziru's return from \"forced\" consultation. DU–Teššup is not mentioned by name in the Amarna letters corpus. History Aziru was called to Egypt to explain his actions: bad, and good. Aziru wrote, as did his father Abdi-Ashirta, that he was protecting his regions. All the letters from both Aziru and Abdi Ashirta reflect: \"the middle conflict\", allegiance to pharaoh to the south (northeast Egypt), control and protection (calling 'to guard') the local cities (and their rulers), in northern Canaan, and personal aspirations of total control, and their personal aggrandizement. (This probably partially led to Abdi-Ashirta's death and removal from the scene, but since his son Aziru became the major player, Abdi-Ashirta's age can also be presumed.) The Amarna letter–(169) EA 169, title: \"Aziru in Egypt\" With introduction damaged, etc.: [...may all g]o well. [In me] there is no . ... may keep me alive [and] you may put me to death. To you alone do I look, and you alone are my lord. So may my lord heed his servants. Do not delay Aziru, your servant, there (any longer). Send him here immediately so he may guard the countries-(KUR-MEŠ(lands)) of the king, our lord.Moreover, to Tutu, my lord: \"Hear the words of the kings of Nuhašše\". They said to me: \"You sold your father [t]o the king of Egypt-(named: Mizri) for gold, and w[he]n will he-(pharaoh) let him go from Egypt?\" All the country and all the Sutean forces said to me, also to that point,—\"Aziru is not going to get out of Egypt.\" And now the Suteans are deserting the country [and I am] repeatedly informed, \"Your father is staying [i]n Eg[yp]t, [and so] we are going to wage war against you.\"... ...Listen, [my lord. Tut]u, my lord, [let] Aziru go [immediately. ...] ... ...[Now indeed ever]one is d[eser]ting. -EA 169, lines 3–47 (many lacunae) Besides Pharaoh, Tutu, the Egyptian official is addressed. The local Suteans (mercenaries, etc.?) and the region of Nuhašše are also the subject of this letter. See also Tutu (Egyptian official) Amarna letters–localities and their rulers Suteans Nuhašše References Moran, William L. The Amarna Letters.'' Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987, 1992. (softcover, ) Canaanite people Amarna letters writers 14th-century BC people", "title": "DU-Teššup" }, { "docid": "6256751", "text": "A Thousand Different Ways is the third studio album by Clay Aiken. The album, which was executive produced by Jaymes Foster, consists of ten covers and four new songs. It was released by RCA on September 19, 2006. The first single was \"Without You\" and the second, \"A Thousand Days.\" Writers of the four new songs (\"These Open Arms\", \"Lonely No More\", \"A Thousand Days\" and \"Everything I Have\") include Jon Bon Jovi, Desmond Child, Andreas Carlsson, Jeremy Bose, Aldo Nova, Samuel Waermo, Mimmi Waermo, and Aiken himself. \"These Open Arms\" previously appeared as a bonus track on the Japanese issue Bon Jovi's 2005 album \"Have A Nice Day\". Available only through iTunes as a bonus cut when the complete album is downloaded, is a fifth new song titled \"Lover All Alone\". Aiken wrote the lyrics and David Foster wrote the music. \"Broken Wings\" is the last cut on the album and an original poem written by Erin Taylor was woven throughout the lyrics. The last line of this poem which is also the last line added to the song lyrics became the album title. Kmart offered for a limited time (as a download) an exclusive bonus recording of If You Don't Know Me by Now. Sales and chart performance The album, selling 211,000 units in its first week, made its debut on the Billboard charts at number two on the Billboard 200, number three on Digital Albums and number one on Internet Sales. The album received RIAA Gold certification on November 2, 2006 and spent 14 weeks on the Billboard 200 chart. Track listing \"Right Here Waiting\" \"Lonely No More\" \"Without You\" \"Everytime You Go Away\" \"Sorry Seems to Be the Hardest Word\" \"When I See You Smile\" \"A Thousand Days\" \"(Everything I Do) I Do It for You\" \"Because You Loved Me\" \"I Want to Know What Love Is\" \"These Open Arms\" \"Here You Come Again\" \"Everything I Have\" \"Broken Wings\" Bonus tracks <li>\"Lover All Alone\" (iTunes Exclusive; album-only download) \"If You Don't Know Me By Now\" (Kmart Exclusive; limited time download) Song notes \"Right Here Waiting\" Written by: Richard Marx / Produced by: John Fields – 4:20 \"When I See You Smile\" Written by: Diane Warren / Produced by: John Fields – 4:24 \"Without You\" Written by: Thomas Evans, Peter Ham / Produced by: John Fields – 3:36 \"Lonely No More\" Written by: Andreas Carlsson, Samuel Waermo, Mimmi Waermo & Clay Aiken / Produced by: Andreas Carlsson & Samuel Waermo – 3:27 \"Sorry Seems to be the Hardest Word\" Written by: Elton John & Bernie Taupin / Produced by: Per Magnusson & David Kreuger – 3:43 \"Everytime You Go Away\" Written by: Daryl Hall / Produced by: Adam Anders – 4:08 \"Everything I Do (I Do It For You)\" Written by: Bryan Adams, Michael Kamen & Robert John \"Mutt\" Lange / Produced by: John Fields – 4:00 \"I Want to Know What Love Is\" (guest vocal by Suzie McNeil) Written by: Michael Jones / Produced by: Russ", "title": "A Thousand Different Ways" }, { "docid": "60353143", "text": "Killer Lords is a compilation album by the British-American rock band the Lords of the New Church, released in 1985 by Illegal/I.R.S. It features material from their three studio albums, two previously unreleased songs and a non-album single. The album peaked at #22 on the UK Indie Chart. Background Killer Lords includes two previously unreleased tracks, \"Lord's Prayer\" and a cover of Creedence Clearwater Revival's \"Hey Tonight\". The songs were originally recorded for a planned single release that never materialized. \"Lord's Prayer\" was written by T. V. Smith of the Adverts, who offered the song to the Lords of the New Church. \"He just came to us and said, \"I've got a song for you blokes\", explained guitarist Brian James. The two songs were produced by Steven Van Zandt in London. \"l'd already known Steven for two or three years,\" singer Stiv Bators said in 1985. \"And then the last time the Lords were in New York, he came to one of our gigs and did the encore with us.\" Afterwards, Van Zandt was told that the concert had been recorded for a possible live album. \"We met up a couple of days later and hung out and he says 'I wanna produce the live album',\" Bators said. However, the live album was subsequently abandoned by the band's manager and label boss, Miles Copeland. As a result of the changes of plan, Van Zandt selected instead to produce the planned single. When asked what prompted the band to record their infamous and amusing version of Madonna’s \"Like A Virgin\", which had been released as a single in 1985, Brian James recalled: \"That was Miles' idea. It got nothing to do with us at all. We saw him in the office one day and he said, \"I got this great idea.\" Copeland then sent Bators and James to William Orbit's Guerilla Studios in London to record the song. James: \"And it's like, \"Right, here's the backing track, now put some guitar on it\". Bators was having some difficulty with his vocal arrangement, so he turned to his friend, Michael Monroe from Hanoi Rocks, for help. \"Michael came into the studio with me and we stayed there for about 12 hours getting the hang of it,\" recalled Bators. \"And it was Michael who guided me through it. I ended up doing things I'd never even thought of, hitting notes I didn't know I could hit.\" The single subsequently gained the band some attention and radio airplay, taking it to #2 on the UK Indie Chart. Critical reception Gary Hill of AllMusic gave the album 4½ stars out of 5 and wrote: \"Some of this material will definitely be objectionable to certain listeners, but to fans of the group, or of the early goth sound in general, this release is definitely a treat.\" Track listing Adapted from the album's liner notes. Chart positions Personnel Credits adapted from the album's liner notes. The Lords of the New Church Stiv Bators – vocals Brian James", "title": "Killer Lords" }, { "docid": "11321957", "text": "Ili-Rapih was the follow-on mayor in Gubla-(modern Byblos), and the brother of Rib-Hadda, the former mayor of Gubla, (who was the prolific author of letters to pharaoh); Ili-Rapih is in the 1350-1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence, and wrote 2 follow-on letters to the Pharaoh after the death of Rib-Haddi. Of note, Ili-Rapih's name is referenced in only one letter in the entire Amarna letters corpus, besides his own 2 authored letters of EA 139, and 140, (EA is for 'el Amarna'), that being letter EA 128, (Rib-Haddi letter no. 57 of 68). The letters of Ili-Rapih EA 139, title: \"A new voice, an old story\" To the king, [my] lo[rd, my Sun]: Message of Ili-ra[pih, your servant]; message of Gu(b)la, [your maidservant. I fall at] the feet of the lord, the Sun, 7 times and [7 times]. Do not neglec[t Gu-la, your city and the city of [your] ancesto[rs] from most ancient times. Moreover, behold Gu-la! Just as Hikuptah, so is Gu-la to the king, my lord. Do not neglect the delicts of a serva[nt], for he acted as he pleased in the lands of the king-(i.e. the \"king's\" brother: Rib-Hadda). Here is the crime that Aziru ... against the king: [he kill]ed the king of Ammiya, and [the king of E]ldata-(Ardata), and the king of Ir(qata)-(=\"King Aduna\"), [and a co]mmissioner of the king, my lord. He also broke into Sumur. [And indeed] he is now intent on [committing] a cri(me) against the king. Moreover, ... ...May the king (my) lord, know [I] am his loyal servant. And so let him send a garrison to his city—30 to 50 men— as far as Gubla. The king is to take (n)o account of whatever Aziru sends him. Where were the things that he sends coveted? It is property belonging to a royal whom he has killed that he sends to you. Look, Aziru is a reb(el) against the king, my lord. -EA 139, lines 1- 40 (complete, but major lacuna: lines 20-28) Note that Gubla's name is abbreviated in this letter, (Gu-la), except for one usage. EA 140, title: \"Again, the crimes of Aziru\"; letter Part 1 of 2-(lost) [To] the king, the lord, my Sun: Message of Gubla), your maidservant; message of Ili-rapih, your servant. I fall at the feet of my lord, the Sun, 7 times and 7 times. The king, my lord, shall not neglect Gubla, his maidservant, a city of the king from most ancient times. Moreover why did the king communicate through Aziru? He does as he pleases. Aziru killed Aduna, and a magnate. He took their cities. To him belongs Sumur-(Zemar); to him belong the cities of the king. Gubla alone is a ... of the king. Moreover, he broke into Sumur and Ullassa. Moreover, Aziru even [com]mitted a crime [wh]en he was brought [in]to you-(i.e. over-to you, (in Egypt)). The crime [was against] us. He sent [his] men [t]o Itakkama [and] he smote all the land of Amqu and (their) territories. Moreover, is not", "title": "Ili-Rapih" }, { "docid": "12802504", "text": "\"I Am a Child of God\" is a hymn of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) for all the members, but more often sung by children. The lyrics were written in 1957 by Naomi W. Randall and set to music by Mildred Tanner Pettit. The song has been translated into over 90 languages. The phrase \"I Am a Child of God\" is also used in the LDS Church as a declaration of a basic teaching of the church. Composition Randall composed the first three verses of \"I Am a Child of God\" at the request of the general board of the Primary Association, of which she was a member. The board wanted a song that could teach children about LDS Church teachings on the nature of a child's relationship with God. Randall described how she composed the song: I got down on my knees and prayed aloud, pleading that our Heavenly Father would let me know the right words. Around 2:00 a.m., I awakened and began to think again about the song. Words came to my mind. … I immediately got up and began to write the words down as they had come to me. Three verses and a chorus were soon formed. I gratefully surveyed the work, drank of the message of the words, and returned to my bedroom where I knelt before my Father in Heaven to say \"Thank you!\" Randall mailed the lyrics to her friend Mildred T. Pettit in California, who wrote the accompanying music. Word change The song was first performed at a stake Primary conference in 1957. Several years later, apostle Spencer W. Kimball asked the Primary general board if the phrase \"Teach me all that I must know / To live with him someday\" could be changed to \"Teach me all that I must do / To live with him someday\". As Kimball later explained, \"To know isn't enough. The devils know and tremble; the devils know everything. We have to do something.\" Randall accepted the change. Publication and additional verse The song was first published in the LDS Church's 1969 Sing with Me, a songbook for children. In 1978, Randall composed a fourth verse to the song. However, when the song was added to the LDS Church's 1985 hymnal, the decision was made to not include the fourth verse because it was considered by the Church Correlation Committee to be \"not officially part of the song\". When a new church songbook for children was produced in 1989, the fourth verse was included. \"I Am a Child of God\" is hymn number 301 in the church's 1985 hymnal and on page 2 in the Children's Songbook. Use and popularity \"I Am a Child of God\" is one of the 45 hymns that the church publishes in its basic curriculum sources that are used in areas of the world where the church is new or underdeveloped. Thus, it is often one of the first hymns that new Latter-day Saints receive", "title": "I Am a Child of God" }, { "docid": "22479390", "text": "Marion Cletus Cannon Jr., known professionally as Chuck Cannon, is an American country music songwriter. His compositions include hit singles for Toby Keith and John Michael Montgomery. Cannon has also received awards for Broadcast Music Incorporated, as well as an Academy of Country Music award for Song of the Year. He is the widower of country music singer-songwriter Lari White. Early life Marion Cletus Cannon Jr. was born and raised in South Carolina. His father was a Pentecostal preacher. He was inspired at an early age by local folk songs as well as black spiritual songs. He later performed at local venues, then moved to Nashville, Tennessee, in 1984 to attend Belmont University. By 1988, he was signed to a songwriting contract. Writing career One of Cannon's first notable compositions was \"I Love the Way You Love Me\", a Number One hit for John Michael Montgomery in 1993, which Cannon co-wrote with Victoria Shaw. This song also won the Song of the Year award at the Academy of Country Music awards, which is awarded to songwriters. Cannon then began working primarily for Toby Keith, including \"Me Too\", \"Dream Walkin'\", \"We Were in Love\", \"Getcha Some\", \"If a Man Answers\" and \"When Love Fades\" in the late 1990s, \"How Do You Like Me Now?!\" in 2000, and \"American Soldier\" in 2003–2004. \"How Do You Like Me Now?!\" was also the Number One country song of the year according to the Billboard Year-End charts. Both it and \"I Love the Way You Love Me\" earned Eight-Million-Air awards from Broadcast Music Incorporated for receiving eight million spins at radio. Cannon also self-released two albums: God Shaped Hole and Love and Money in 2006 and 2008, respectively. Cannon's 2007 song \"If I Was Jesus\" was nominated for in the category Americana Song of the Year at the 7th Annual Independent Music Awards. Personal life Cannon was married to Lari White until her death on January 23, 2018, for whom he has also written singles. They have two daughters, M'Kenzy and Kyra, and a son, Jaxon. Singles written by Cannon Sarah Buxton – \"Space\" Billy Dean – \"This Is the Life\" Wynonna Judd – \"Heaven Help Me\", \"Flies on the Butter (You Can't Go Home Again)\" Toby Keith – \"Me Too\", \"Dream Walkin'\", \"We Were in Love\", \"Getcha Some\", \"If a Man Answers\", \"When Love Fades\", \"How Do You Like Me Now?!\", \"American Soldier\" Lonestar – \"Saturday Night\" Shane Minor – \"Slave to the Habit\" John Michael Montgomery – \"I Love the Way You Love Me\" Lari White – \"What a Woman Wants\", \"That's My Baby\", \"That's How You Know (When You're in Love)\" John & Audrey Wiggins – \"She's in the Bedroom Crying\" Danny Gokey – \"I Will Not Say Goodbye\" Night Ranger – \"Forever All Over Again\" References American country singer-songwriters Musicians from Greenville, South Carolina Belmont University alumni Living people Year of birth missing (living people) Country musicians from South Carolina American male singer-songwriters Singer-songwriters from South Carolina", "title": "Chuck Cannon" }, { "docid": "13742021", "text": "You Got to Move is a 1985 documentary by Lucie Massie Phenix and Veronica Selver that follows people from communities in the Southern United States in their various processes of becoming involved in social change. The film's centerpiece is the Highlander Folk School (now known as Highlander Research and Education Center), a now 89 year-old center for education and social action that was somehow involved in each of the lives chronicled in the documentary. You Got to Move features folk, country and gospel music from the Southern United States and in fact takes its name from an old spiritual. Featured people Bernice Robinson A black beautician who became the first teacher of a literacy program on Johns Island, off the coast of South Carolina, talks about teaching adults to read and write in order to pass voter registration requirements during the mid-1950s and 1960s throughout the Southern states. \"I will never forget Anna Vastine. She couldn't read or write and it was the greatest reward when I had all the names up on the board one night, in jungle fashion, you know and I'd asked them could they pick their names out. Mrs. Vastine said, 'I see my name,' and she went down the list and she took the ruler from me and she said, 'That's Anna, that's my first name.' And then she went over on the other side up and down 'til she found Vastine and said, 'That's my name, V-A-S-T-I-N-E ,Vastine.' And goose pimples just came out all over me, because that woman couldn't read or write when she came in there. She was 65 years old.\" Bernice Johnson Reagon A college student who participated in challenging the legality of segregated public facilities in her hometown of Albany, Georgia—a student protest that grew into one of the first city-wide mass Demonstrations of the Civil Rights Movement. \"Now I sit back and look at some of the things we did, and I say, 'What in the world came over us,' you know? But death had nothing to do with what we were doing. If somebody shot us we would be dead. And when people died, we cried. And we went to funerals. And we went and did the next thing the next day, because it was really beyond life and death. It was really like... Sometimes you know what you're supposed to be doing, and when you know what you're supposed to be doing, it's somebody else's job to kill you.\" Bill Saunders A former worker in a mattress factory who now runs a community radio station in Charleston, South Carolina, and was involved in creating a hospital workers' organization at the Medical College Hospital in Charleston, which organized a 100-day-long hospital workers' strike in 1969. \"It was really an experience for me, because again, I was able to learn that there were whites tha were suffering the same way that blacks were as it relates to economics. Now, not having access to all of the restrooms, not", "title": "You Got to Move" }, { "docid": "18716495", "text": "G-A-Y was a 40-track compilation album which was released by London Records in the UK on Monday 3 July 2000. The album featured songs by 40 different artists who had appeared at London club G-A-Y, and was released on CD and cassette. Promotion The G-A-Y album was heavily promoted in both the gay and mainstream media. TV commercials ran on music channels such as MTV and The Box, as well as on terrestrial television channel, Channel 4. A nationwide poster campaign took place, and advertisements were placed in the gay and teen press, appearing in such publications as Gay Times and Smash Hits. Commercials also ran on national radio in the weeks prior to release. On Saturday 1 July 2000, a show was held at G-A-Y to promote the release of the album. Seven acts who appeared on the album performed. These acts were Shola Ama, All Saints, Bananarama, Dina Carroll, Honeyz and Louise. Each act performed only one song, apart from Louise, who also performed her new single \"2 Faced\". Track listing Geri Halliwell - \"G.A.Y\" Kylie Minogue - \"Better the Devil You Know Steps - \"Love's Got a Hold on My Heart\" Spice Girls - \"Wannabe\" All Saints - \"Pure Shores\" Boyzone - \"No Matter What\" Westlife - \"Swear It Again\" Five - \"Keep On Movin'\" S Club 7 - \"S Club Party\" Vengaboys - \"Boom, Boom, Boom, Boom!!\" A1 - \"Ready Or Not\" Tin Tin Out featuring Emma Bunton - \"What I Am\" Billie Piper - \"Honey To The Bee\" B*Witched - \"C'est La Vie\" Honeyz - \"Won't Take It Lying Down\" Alice Deejay - \"Back In My Life\" Mousse T. vs Hot 'N' Juicy - \"Horny '98\" The Tamperer featuring Maya - \"Feel It\" Ant & Dec - \"Let's Get Ready To Rumble\" RuPaul - \"Supermodel (You Better Work)\" Gloria Gaynor - \"I Will Survive\" Donna Summer - \"Bad Girls\" Gabrielle - \"Rise\" Louise - \"Naked\" Gina G - \"Ooh Aah... Just a Little Bit\" Dana International - \"Diva\" Nicki French - \"Don't Play That Song Again\" Dannii Minogue - \"This Is It\" Dina Carroll - \"Ain't No Man\" Martine McCutcheon - \"Perfect Moment\" Debbie Harry - \"French Kissin'\" Bananarama - \"Robert De Niro's Waiting...\" (2000 version) Belinda Carlisle - \"Heaven Is A Place On Earth\" The Human League - \"Don't You Want Me\" Sister Sledge - \"Frankie\" Michelle Gayle - \"Do You Know\" Shola Ama - \"You Might Need Somebody\" Republica - \"Drop Dead Gorgeous\" East 17 - \"Stay Another Day\" Alison Moyet - \"There Are Worse Things I Could Do\" Chart performance G-A-Y charted and peaked at number 18 in the UK compilations chart on its first week. 2000 compilation albums", "title": "G-A-Y (album)" }, { "docid": "40754059", "text": "\"Up Down (Do This All Day)\" is a song by American singer T-Pain featuring fellow American rapper B.o.B, released on August 13, 2013, as the first single from the former's Greatest Hits/compilation album, T-Pain Presents Happy Hour: The Greatest Hits (2014). Produced by DJ Mustard, the song peaked at number 62 and 43 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and the UK Singles Chart respectively. Background On August 13, 2013, T-Pain premiered \"Up Down (Do This All Day)\" (originally intended as the first single from his fifth studio album Stoicville: The Phoenix). The song featured production by DJ Mustard and a guest appearance from rapper B.o.B. It was then released to iTunes the same day. Mustard's production is bouncy and synth based, with heavy use of the Roland 808 drum machine. In the song T-Pain professes his love for strippers and liquor. Rap-Up referred to the song as a strip club anthem. T-Pain spoke on the song saying, \"You know I'm the strip club king. It just goes like that, man. Basically, I'm just making another one. This is regular shit for me. I'm just going in!\" Recording T-Pain told Artistdirect about the song's creation saying; \"It started with the beat. I was listening to the beat for about three days. Once I forced myself to do it, then I had it. It wasn't really a hard thing to do. I was just like, \"Alright, I guess I'll do this one! Here we go!\" You know, I've been working with B.o.B since before he got signed really. It's been a good time. It's been really collaborative with us. At the time, it wasn't the right songs or the right situation. Now, that I had something good so it was only right. I don't make people conform to what I'm doing when I got to get somebody. When you get T-Pain, you don't really want to tell T-Pain what to do. If you got in mind what you want T-Pain to do, you could've done it yourself. That's where B.o.B came from, and he enjoys strip clubs as much as I do. It was only right to get him.\" Live performances On January 14, 2014, T-Pain performed \"Up Down (Do This All Day)\" on DJ Skee's SKEE Live. On January 16, 2014, T-Pain performed the song on The Arsenio Hall Show. Commercial performance On May 14, 2015, Up Down was certified Platinum by the RIAA. Music video On September 9, 2013, T-Pain released the lyric video to the song. As the song plays, a number of strippers show off their assets and their dance moves. As they dance the lyrics flash across the screen in \"neon, fitting, form, giving off a club like feel.\" On November 19, 2013, T-Pain released the music video for \"Up Down (Do This All Day)\". The G Visuals-directed video follows the average ratchet backyard party. It has been described as paying homage to early 1990s hip hop videos. The video features a cameo appearance from Tyrese.", "title": "Up Down (Do This All Day)" }, { "docid": "19402494", "text": "\"Jolly Old Saint Nicholas\" is a Christmas song that originated with a poem by Emily Huntington Miller (1833–1913), published as \"Lilly's Secret\" in The Little Corporal Magazine in December 1865. The song's lyrics have also been attributed to Benjamin Hanby, who wrote a similar song in the 1860s, Up on the Housetop. However, the lyrics now in common use closely resemble Miller's 1865 poem. Some people have also attributed the lyrics to John Piersol McCaskeya song editor and publisher, among other things, at the time. His great-great grandson said McCaskey wrote the song in 1867, and that the \"Johnny\" mentioned in the song who wants a pair of skates was McCaskey's late son, John, who died as a child. However, there is no known evidence for this. McCaskey's own published 1881 book, Franklin Square Song Collection No. 1, a book in which proper attribution is given to songs' lyricists and composers, does not list himself as having had anything to do with the song. The music is generally believed to have been written by James R. Murray. The first publication of the music was in 1874 in School Chimes, A New School Music Book by S. Brainard's Sons, and attributes the music to him. The 1881 publication by McCaskey gives attribution to the S. Brainard's Sons publication, which would mean Murray. Notable recordings include those by Ray Smith in 1949, Chet Atkins in 1961, Eddy Arnold in 1962, Alvin and the Chipmunks in 1963, Andy Williams in 1995, Anne Murray in 2001, and Carole King in 2017. The Ray Smith 1949 version was revised and rearranged by, and had additional lyrics credited to, songwriter Vaughn Horton. This version was also used for a single release by the Ames Brothers in 1951 and by Wilf Carter for his 1965 Christmas in Canada album. Ray Conniff's version of the song, featured on his 1962 album We Wish You a Merry Christmas, helped propel the album to platinum status, one of two platinum albums in Conniff's career. Lyrics This is the original published song in 1881: Jolly old Saint Nicholas Lean your ear this way; Don't you tell a single soul What I'm going to say, Christmas Eve is coming soon; Now you dear old man, Whisper what you'll bring to me; Tell me if you can. When the clock is striking twelve, When I'm fast asleep, Down the chimney broad and black With your pack you'll creep; All the stockings you will find Hanging in a row; Mine will be the shortest one; You'll be sure to know. Johnny wants a pair of skates; Susy wants a dolly Nellie wants a story book, She thinks dolls are folly As for me, my little brain Isn't very bright; Choose for me, dear Santa Claus, What you think is right. In the Ray Conniff version as part of a medley with The Little Drummer Boy; the list of wishes is changed to \"Johnny wants a pair of skates, Susy wants a sled, Nellie wants", "title": "Jolly Old Saint Nicholas" }, { "docid": "33378461", "text": "\"What Do You Take Me For?\" is a song by English singer Pixie Lott from her second studio album, Young Foolish Happy (2011). The song features American rapper Pusha T and was released on 4 November 2011 as the album's second single. The track received its first play on Capital FM on 26 September 2011. Critical reception Robert Copsey of Digital Spy gave the song four out of five stars, stating: \"Fortunately, the rest of the track is less spooktacular and more in-yer-face girl power. 'Don't know what you think I'm after/ What do you take me for?' she calls over a squelchy and thoroughly grindable bassline with just enough disgust in her tone to warn off any fellas who think she's a cheap date. We hate to break it to you Pix, but wearing a snakeskin leotard and popping your crotch on the dancefloor in your accompanying music video will do little to help your cause...you big tease!\" Commercial performance \"What Do You Take Me For?\" debuted at number 10 on the UK Singles Chart with first-week sales of 34,335 copies, becoming Lott's first non-number-one single to chart inside the top 10. The following week, it fell to number 20 with 16,553 copies sold. Music video The music video, directed by Declan Whitebloom, premiered on 6 October 2011 and develops on a dark background while Lott is seen dancing and singing. It begins with a black and orange Citroen DS3 pulling into a building before Lott and various scantily-clad back-up dancers perform their routine while Pusha T is seemingly pleading to Lott. Track listing Digital EP \"What Do You Take Me For?\" – 2:55 \"What Do You Take Me For?\" (Bimbo Jones Remix) – 5:55 \"What Do You Take Me For?\" (E-Squire Remix) – 5:31 \"What Do You Take Me For?\" (Benji Boko Remix) – 3:06 Personnel Credits adapted from the liner notes of Young Foolish Happy. Pixie Lott – vocals Tim Debney – mastering Alex G. – additional engineering, additional vocal production Anne Preven – mixing Pusha T – rap David Ralicke – horns Rusko – production Charts Release history References 2011 singles 2011 songs Mercury Records singles Pixie Lott songs Pusha T songs Songs written by Anne Preven Songs written by Pixie Lott Songs written by Pusha T", "title": "What Do You Take Me For?" }, { "docid": "12242066", "text": "\"Do You Miss Me?\" was written and produced by Glenn Gutierrez with all vocals by Jocelyn Enriquez. In April 1996 the single was debuted on San Francisco radio station Wild 107.7 (now Wild 94.9). Gutierrez wrote this song about the end of his relationship by the same woman who inspired \"I Didn't Know Love Would Break My Heart\" on Enriquez's debut album \"Lovely\". The single was first commercially released on cassette single in May followed by the CD Maxi single in June. \"Do You Miss Me\" was the lead single for her sophomore album Jocelyn, which was ready for release for the summer of 1996. As momentum picked up for the single a joint venture between Tommy Boy Records, imprint Timber! Records and Classified Records was formed. The album release was halted to rerecord and remix songs as well as new original recordings. Months later \"Do You Miss Me (The Remixes)\" was released through the joint venture. They repurposed the original Jocelyn album cover picture for The Remixes. The Jocelyn album would include an exclusive remix inspired by Information Society's \"Running.\" Years later the extended version of this remix would be made available on her MySpace page. The song became an international hit which lead to her to tour countries such as Brazil, the Philippines, and perform on the hit talk show Ricki Lake and Much Music. \"Do You Miss Me?\" peaked at #49 on the Billboard Hot 100, #17 on the Rhythmic Top 40, #14 on the Top 40 Mainstream chart, #8 on the Hot Dance Singles Sales chart, and #12 on the Canadian Singles Chart. More than a year after \"Do You Miss Me\"'s release the music video was released. An alternate edit of the video was available on Yahoo! which included a black and white checkered look and a different hair style. In 2001, a fast-paced rock cover version of the song was released by Lucky Boys Confusion. In 2021 Filipino pop singer Garth Garcia released a version and was a staple song at his concerts. Track listing CD Maxi Single [Classified Records] The Remixes CD Maxi Single [Classified Records/Timber! Records/Tommy Boy Records] Charts 1996 songs 1996 singles 1997 singles Jocelyn Enriquez songs House music songs", "title": "Do You Miss Me?" }, { "docid": "40727728", "text": "Again is the fifth extended play by South Korean girl group T-ara, It was released on October 10, 2013 by Core Contents Media. It marked their first release with the original line-up following member Lee Areum’s departure from the group. \"AGAIN 1977\" is a repackaged version of \"AGAIN.\" It features a retro concept with a blend of pop and rock influences. The title track, \"Do You Know Me?\" showcases the group's versatile musical style and is known for its catchy melody and upbeat vibe. Background and release Again The album was released digitally on October 10, including the title track \"Number 9\" (넘버나인) and \"Because I Know\" (느낌 아니까; Neukkim Anikka) and their music videos. \"Number 9\" is an electro-pop dance song with sad lyrics and melody. It was choreographed by Yama & Hotchicks, who also choreographed \"Bo Peep Bo Peep\". \"Because I Know\" is a mid-tempo song with an acoustic feel. Again 1977 A repackaged edition of the EP, Again 1977, was released on December 4, 2013. It contains two new songs, \"Again 1977\" and \"Do You Know Me\", a remake of Sand Pebbles' 1977 hit, \"What Should I Do\". White Winter The EP was re-released as special album on December 14, 2013 titled White Winter with additions two Christmas songs, \"Hide and Seek\" and \"Middle of Winter Hide and Seek\". In 2016, Chinese girl group \"Miss Mass\" released a remake version of the song in Chinese. Commercial performance Shortly after its release, \"Number Nine\" reached number one on multiple real-time charts. Again reached number 2 on the South Korean Gaon Weekly Albums Chart and number 45 on Japan's Oricon Weekly Albums Chart as a Korean import. The single \"Number 9\" reached number 5 on the Gaon Weekly Digital Chart and number 4 on Billboard's Korea K-Pop Hot 100. \"Because I Know\" charted at numbers 41 and 21 on the Gaon and Billboard charts, respectively. Track listing Again 1977 White Winter Charts Again Singles chart history Other charted tracks Sales Accolades Awards and nominations Rankings Release history References 2013 EPs T-ara albums Genie Music EPs Korean-language EPs", "title": "Again (T-ara EP)" }, { "docid": "18415864", "text": "Back To Bacharach and David is an Off-Broadway revue that featured the songs of Burt Bacharach and Hal David in a show created by Steve Gunderson and Kathy Najimy and directed by Najimy, with musical arrangements and orchestrations by Gunderson. The revue comprises the Bacharach/David songs from 1960–1970. Production history The show originally had a limited run at Steve McGraw's Club in New York City in September 1992 and starred Gunderson, Melinda Gilb, Susan Mosher and Carla Renata Williams. It workshopped with Alice Ripley and Lillias White. The show then ran at \"Club 53\" in New York City from March 11, 1993 through September 11, 1993, with Gunderson, Gilb, Mosher and White. The revue was produced by the North Coast Repertory Theatre in San Diego in August 2006 with Gunderson and Gilb in a production directed by original choreographer Javier Velasco, and was attended by Burt Bacharach himself, and later by Hal David, who had been a supporter of the show during its original Off Broadway run. The revue was produced at the Music Box in Los Angeles, California, from April 19 through May 17, 2009. Directed by Najimy, the cast featured \"American Idol\" finalist Diana DeGarmo, \"American Idol\" contestant Tom Lowe, Tressa Thomas and Susan Mosher. The show was revised and includes two songs not previously featured, including \"What's New Pussycat,\" for DeGarmo. Another revue featuring the works of Bacharach and David, The Look of Love, was produced on Broadway in 2003. Concept and songs There is no narrative. Songs include \"A House is Not A Home\", \"Alfie,\" \"Always Something There to Remind Me\", \"Another Night,\" \"Any Old Time of the Day,\" \"Anyone Who Had a Heart,\" \"April Fools,\" \"Are You There With Another Girl,\" \"Close to You,\" \"Do You Know the Way to San Jose,\" \"Don't Make Me Over,\" \"I Just Have to Breathe,\" \"I Say a Little Prayer for You,\" \"I'll Never Fall in Love Again,\" \"Just Don't Know What to Do With Myself,\" \"Knowing When to Leave,\" \"Let Me Be Lonely,\" \"Let Me Go to Him,\" \"The Look of Love,\" \"Message to Michael\", \"My Little Red Book,\" \"Nikki,\" \"One Less Bell to Answer,\" \"Promises, Promises,\" \"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head,\" \"Reach Out for Me,\" \"This Empty Place,\" \"This Guy's in Love With You,\" \"Trains and Boats and Planes,\" \"24 Hours from Tulsa,\" \"Walk on By,\" \"What the World Needs Now Is Love,\" \"Whoever You Are I Love You,\" and \"You'll Never Get to Heaven.\" Critical response Stephen Holden in The New York Times review of the 1993 production wrote: \"Ms. Najimy has staged many songs as comic tableaux in a frenetic teen-age soap opera. Decked out in such tacky vintage paraphernalia as peace symbols, chain belts and go-go boots, the show's four performers...emote them with the sobby fervency of a high school clique having a collective hormone attack. What lifts \"Back to Bacharach and David\" above run-of-the-mill 60's nostalgia is the show's nearly perfect balance between tribute and comedy.\" References External links Listing at stevegunderson.net", "title": "Back to Bacharach and David" }, { "docid": "1716604", "text": "Eddie Lee Floyd (born June 25, 1937) is an American R&B and soul singer and songwriter, best known for his work on the Stax record label in the 1960s and 1970s, including the No. 1 R&B hit song \"Knock on Wood\". Biography Floyd was born in Montgomery, Alabama, and grew up in Detroit, Michigan. He founded The Falcons, which also featured Mack Rice. They were forerunners to future Detroit vocal groups such as The Temptations and The Four Tops. Their most successful songs included \"You're So Fine\" and later, when Wilson Pickett was recruited into the group as the lead singer, \"I Found a Love\". Pickett then embarked on a solo career, and The Falcons disbanded. Floyd signed a contract with the Memphis-based Stax Records as a songwriter in 1965. He wrote a hit song, \"Comfort Me\", recorded by Carla Thomas. He then teamed with Stax's guitarist Steve Cropper to write songs for Wilson Pickett, now signed to Atlantic Records. Atlantic distributed Stax and Jerry Wexler brought Pickett from New York City to work with Booker T. & the MGs. The Pickett sessions were successful, yielding several pop and R&B hits, including the Floyd co-written \"Ninety-Nine and a Half (Won't Do)\" and \"634-5789 (Soulsville, U.S.A.)\". In 1966, Floyd recorded a song initially written for Otis Redding. Wexler convinced Stax president Jim Stewart to release Floyd's version. The Steve Cropper-Eddie Floyd \"Knock on Wood\" launched Floyd's solo career, and has been covered by over a hundred different artists from David Bowie to Count Basie. Eventually, Redding would cut an R&B hit version of the song in 1967 as a duet with Carla Thomas. It became a disco hit for Amii Stewart in 1979. Floyd was one of Stax's most consistent and versatile artists. He scored several more hits on his own, including \"I've Never Found a Girl (To Love Me Like You Do)\" and \"Raise Your Hand\", which was covered by both Janis Joplin and Bruce Springsteen. The song \"Big Bird\" (featuring Booker T. Jones on organ and guitar, Al Jackson, Jr. on drums, and Donald \"Duck\" Dunn on bass) was written while Floyd waited in a London airport for a plane back to the United States for Otis Redding's funeral. Floyd's career did not keep him from being one of the label's most productive writers. Almost every Stax artist recorded Floyd material, often co-written with either Cropper or Jones, including Sam & Dave (\"You Don't Know What You Mean to Me\"), Rufus Thomas (\"The Breakdown\"), Otis Redding (\"I Love You More Than Words Can Say\"), and Johnnie Taylor's \"Just the One (I've Been Looking For)\". The latter played during the opening credits of director Harold Ramis's film Bedazzled. In 1980, Floyd released material on the UK record label I-Spy Records, owned and created by the UK band Secret Affair. He joined old Stax collaborators Cropper and Dunn, and fronted The Blues Brothers Band on a series of world tours, and in 1998, Floyd and former Falcon Wilson Pickett appeared on", "title": "Eddie Floyd" }, { "docid": "17857107", "text": "Colby O is the debut and only studio album by American singer Colby O'Donis. It was released on September 16, 2008 through Akon's record label Kon Live. The album was produced by Akon, O'Donis, Clinton Sparks, Giorgio Tuinfort, T-Pain, The-Dream and Tricky Stewart; as well the record features guest appearances from Akon, Lil Romeo, Paul Wall and T-Pain. The album garnered mixed reviews from critics. Colby O debuted at numbers 14 and 41 on both the US Billboard 200 and the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums charts respectively, and spawned three singles: \"What You Got\", \"Don't Turn Back\" and \"Let You Go\". Background Akon served as executive producer and co-wrote 10 tracks with O'Donis (Colby wrote or co-wrote 14 of the 15), and produced eight tracks, including \"What You Got.\" O'Donis produced another four and together they produced one. In an interview, O'Donis mentioned to have worked with many African producers including South African producer SpineCracker. O'Donis commented on the writing process as \"writing my own songs is extremely important to me. I feel that I've gone through so much in my life and there's no better way of showing the real you than through music. It's a way for me and my fans to connect through the same struggles. There's so much more of me that I haven't revealed and music is my way of letting people know who I am.\" According to O'Donis, he and Akon had recorded around forty songs for the album and \"it was hard to get it down to a manageable number.\" O'Donis got inspirations from \"girls\" and \"life in general, past experiences and feelings I've gone through.\" Colby O includes the Top 40 song \"What You Got\" featuring Akon and other singles \"Don't Turn Back\" and \"Let You Go\". Other guest appearances include T-Pain, Lil Romeo, and Paul Wall. In addition, the O'Donis plays guitar on the album, as well as bass, drums, percussion, synthesizer and keyboards. According to Colby, his album took three years to make because he wanted every song to be a single. As of December 2008, Colby O has sold 142,751 copies. Critical reception AllMusic's David Jeffries felt that Akon and O'Donis \"overstretched\" on the \"slick R&B\" production, critiqued that the latter's vocal delivery over said \"well executed but rarely memorable\" beats didn't challenge him, and the track listing should've been cut to ten, highlighting \"She Wanna Go\" and \"Under My Nose\" as examples. He concluded by gauging the tween audience's reaction to the record: \"[T]hey'll find Colby's swagger, his slang dropping, and his smooth voice all very exciting and his hair gel perfectly applied. It's hard to ask for more from such fluff so expect the usual, up to and including the T-Pain guest shot.\" DJBooth's Nathan Slavik felt that O'Donis' soft vocals worked better on tracks with more \"muted production\" like \"Let You Go\", \"Under My Nose\" and \"Follow You\" than on \"Take You Away\" and \"The Difference\" where they barely register emotion, concluding that \"even after listening to", "title": "Colby O" }, { "docid": "14416551", "text": "Voodoo Lounge Live is a concert video by the rock band the Rolling Stones. It was filmed on 25 November 1994 at Joe Robbie Stadium in Miami Gardens, Florida during the Voodoo Lounge Tour. The concert was broadcast as a pay-per-view special. Voodoo Lounge Live was first released on VHS in late 1995 and then on DVD in 1998. Of the 27 songs played at the concert, 17 were included in the home video. Track listing All songs written by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards except where noted Introduction by Whoopi Goldberg \"Not Fade Away\" (Buddy Holly, Norman Petty) \"Tumbling Dice\" \"You Got Me Rocking\" \"(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction\" \"Angie\" \"Sweet Virginia\" \"It's All Over Now\" (Bobby Womack, Shirley Womack) \"Stop Breaking Down\" (Robert Johnson) – with Robert Cray \"Who Do You Love?\" (Bo Diddley) – with Bo Diddley \"Miss You\" Band introductions \"Honky Tonk Women\" \"The Worst\" \"Sympathy for the Devil\" \"Start Me Up\" \"It's Only Rock 'n Roll (But I Like It)\" \"Brown Sugar\" \"Jumpin' Jack Flash\" Voodoo Lounge Uncut An extended and re-edited version of Voodoo Lounge including the entire concert, titled Voodoo Lounge Uncut, was released on DVD and CD, Blu-ray and CD, LP, and as audio and video digital downloads, on 16 November 2018. Critical reception On All About Jazz, Doug Collette wrote,\"If there's anything better than issuing a previously-unreleased recording of some kind, it's putting out a fully-restored piece once available only in part.... Prior to this DVD/2CD (or Blu-ray/2CD and limited vinyl) package, only portions of this November 1994 concert have been available in various formats, but this one compensates and then some.\" In Glide Magazine, Leslie Michelle Derrough wrote, \"Coming near the end of the American leg, this particular show drew over 55,000 fans to see the iconic rock stars perform some of their most famous tunes – \"Honky Tonk Women\", \"Jumpin' Jack Flash\", \"It's Only Rock n' Roll\" – for the first time without bass player Bill Wyman. Wyman had retired and Darryl Jones was just getting his feet wet as part of the Stones after time in Sting's solo band. Jones brought with him a funky ambiance, enabling the Stones to surf on some new rhythm waves.\" Track listing All songs written by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards except where noted Introduction by Whoopi Goldberg \"Not Fade Away\" (Holly, Petty) \"Tumbling Dice\" \"You Got Me Rocking\" \"Rocks Off\" \"Sparks Will Fly\" \"Live With Me\" – with Sheryl Crow \"(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction\" \"Beast of Burden\" \"Angie\" \"Dead Flowers\" \"Sweet Virginia\" \"Doo Doo Doo Doo Doo (Heartbreaker)\" \"It's All Over Now\" (B. Womack, S. Womack) \"Stop Breaking Down\" (Johnson) – with Robert Cray \"Who Do You Love?\" (Diddley) – with Bo Diddley \"I Go Wild\" \"Miss You\" \"Honky Tonk Women\" \"Before They Make Me Run\" \"The Worst\" \"Sympathy for the Devil\" \"Monkey Man\" \"Street Fighting Man\" \"Start Me Up\" \"It's Only Rock 'n Roll (But I Like It)\" \"Brown Sugar\" \"Jumpin' Jack Flash\" DVD / Blu-ray bonus tracks –", "title": "The Rolling Stones: Voodoo Lounge Live" } ]	[ "Leon Huff", "Kenny Gamble" ]
train_7074	last person to win triple crown in mlb	[ { "docid": "25023922", "text": "The Luis Aparicio Award is given annually to a Venezuelan player in Major League Baseball (MLB) who is judged to have recorded the best individual performance in that year. The winner of the award is determined by a vote conducted by Venezuelan sports journalists and Spanish-language media around the world. It is named after former MLB shortstop Luis Aparicio, who is the only player from Venezuela to be inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame. The award was first presented in 2004, and was created in order to honour Aparicio's major league career and to commemorate his father, who died thirteen years before his son was elected into the Hall of Fame. Johan Santana, José Altuve, Miguel Cabrera, and Ronald Acuña Jr. are the only players to win the Luis Aparicio Award more than once, with Cabrera having won the award five times. Cabrera won the MLB Most Valuable Player (MVP) Award and Hank Aaron Award alongside the Luis Aparicio Award in 2012 and 2013, becoming the first Venezuelan to win the MLB MVP Award. Santana, the 2004 and 2006 recipient, also won the Cy Young Award in those two years, winning by a unanimous vote on each occasion. Altuve is the only player to win the Luis Aparicio Award, the MVP award, and become a World Series champion in the same season in 2017. He has also won a batting title in three of his four award seasons. Santana (2006) and Cabrera (2012) are the only award winners to also earn the pitching and batting Triple Crown respectively in the same season. In accomplishing the feat, Cabrera became the first player in 45 years to achieve a Triple Crown in batting since Carl Yastrzemski in 1967, while Santana became the first pitcher since Dwight Gooden in 1985 to secure a \"Major League Triple Crown\" by leading all of MLB in wins, earned run average and strikeouts. Francisco Rodríguez compiled a major league record of 62 saves in a single season in 2008 and went on to win the Rolaids Relief Man Award in the same year as the Luis Aparicio Award. Five winners – Cabrera, Altuve, Magglio Ordóñez, Carlos González, and Arráez – were batting champions in their respective leagues in the same year they won the award. The award is presented annually before a baseball game hosted by the local team, Águilas del Zulia, on November 18 in Aparicio's hometown of Maracaibo, Zulia. The date marks both the feast of the Virgin of Chiquinquirá – the patron saint of Zulia – and the anniversary of Aparicio's professional debut. , the most recent recipient of the award is Ronald Acuña Jr. of the Atlanta Braves. Winners See also Baseball in Venezuela References General Specific Major League Baseball trophies and awards + + Venezuelan awards Baseball in Venezuela Awards established in 2004 2004 establishments in Venezuela", "title": "Luis Aparicio Award" }, { "docid": "685085", "text": "José Miguel Cabrera Torres (born April 18, 1983), nicknamed \"Miggy\", is a Venezuelan former professional baseball first baseman, third baseman, and designated hitter who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Florida Marlins and Detroit Tigers. Debuting in 2003, he was a two-time American League (AL) Most Valuable Player (MVP) award winner, a four-time AL batting champion, and a 12-time MLB All-Star. Although he primarily played in left and right field before 2006, he spent the majority of his major league career at first and third base. He claimed the 17th MLB Triple Crown in 2012, the first to do so in 45 seasons. Cabrera is one of three players in MLB history to have a career batting average above .300, 500 home runs, and 3,000 hits, joining Hank Aaron and Willie Mays. Cabrera is regarded as one of the greatest hitters of all time. At 16 years old, Cabrera was signed by Tigres de Aragua of the Venezuelan Winter League, where recorded his first hit as a professional in December 1999. Cabrera was signed in 1999 as an amateur free agent by the Florida Marlins, and progressed through their minor league system. He made his MLB debut in mid-2003 at the age of 20, and contributed to the Marlins' World Series victory later that year. Over the next four seasons, Cabrera was a regular player for the Marlins before being traded to the Detroit Tigers before the 2008 season. In 2012, Cabrera became the first player since Carl Yastrzemski in 1967 to win the batting Triple Crown, leading the AL with a .330 batting average, 44 home runs, and 139 runs batted in (RBI), earning him the AL MVP award that year. In the first half of 2013, Cabrera was on pace to shatter his numbers from his prior Triple Crown season. He became the first player to ever hit 30 home runs and 90 RBIs before the all-star break and was on pace to bat .366 with 53 home runs and 167 RBIs at that time. However, injuries plagued much of the latter half of the season and both his performance and playing time were reduced as a result. Overall, Cabrera still improved on his previous year's batting performance, including a career-high .348 batting average, and received his second consecutive AL MVP award. Cabrera won four AL batting titles, including three in consecutive years (2011–2013), and batted over .300 in 11 different seasons. He hit 30 or more home runs in ten separate seasons and drove in over 100 runs in 12 separate seasons (including 11 consecutive seasons, 2004–2014). Cabrera is the all-time leader in career home runs and hits by a Venezuelan player, surpassing Andrés Galarraga and Omar Vizquel respectively. He joined the 500 home run club in 2021 and the 3,000 hit club in 2022; he was the seventh player in MLB history to reach both milestones. Cabrera retired after the 2023 season and will continue working with the Tigers' organization as a special assistant", "title": "Miguel Cabrera" }, { "docid": "15514052", "text": "The 1967 Major League Baseball season was contested from April 10 to October 12, 1967. The St. Louis Cardinals defeated the Boston Red Sox four games to three in the World Series, which was the first World Series appearance for the Red Sox in 21 years. Following the season, the Kansas City Athletics relocated to Oakland. The season was filled with historic seasons from multiple players. Carl Yastrzemski of the Boston Red Sox had tied for the most home runs in MLB with Harmon Killebrew, giving him the elusive triple crown. He led the American League in batting average (.326), home runs due to the tie with Killebrew (44) and runs batted in (121) (This feat would not be accomplished again until Miguel Cabrera earned the triple crown in 2012 with the Detroit Tigers). Yastrzemski also won the AL MVP and led the Red Sox to the AL pennant for the first time in two decades. They would ultimately lose to the St. Louis Cardinals 7–2 in Game 7 of the World Series. The Cardinals had standout players as well, with first baseman Orlando Cepeda becoming the first unanimously voted NL MVP. Cepeda finished the season with 25 home runs, 111 RBIs and a .325 batting average. He did however, struggle in the World Series, hitting only .103 with one RBI. Awards and honors Baseball Hall of Fame Branch Rickey Red Ruffing Lloyd Waner Most Valuable Player Carl Yastrzemski, Boston Red Sox, OF (AL) Orlando Cepeda, St. Louis Cardinals, 1B (NL) Cy Young Award Jim Lonborg, Boston Red Sox Mike McCormick, San Francisco Giants Rookie of the Year Rod Carew, Minnesota Twins, 2B (AL) Tom Seaver, New York Mets, SP (NL) Gold Glove Award George Scott (1B) (AL) Bobby Knoop (2B) (AL) Brooks Robinson (3B) (AL) Jim Fregosi (SS) (AL) Paul Blair (OF) (AL) Al Kaline (OF) (AL) Carl Yastrzemski (OF) (AL) Bill Freehan (C) (AL) Jim Kaat (P) (AL) MLB statistical leaders 1 American League Triple Crown Batting Winner Standings American League National League Postseason Bracket Home field attendance Other April 21 – The Los Angeles Dodgers run of 737 consecutive games without a game being rained out ends. May 14 - Mickey Mantle hit his 500th home run at Yankee Stadium. October 18, 1967: City officials from Kansas City, Oakland and Seattle were invited by Joe Cronin to discuss the A's relocation plans. United States Senator Stuart Symington attended the meeting and discussed the possibility of revoking baseball's antitrust exemption if the A's were allowed to leave Kansas City. The owners began deliberation and after the first ballot, only six owners were in favor of relocation. The owner of Baltimore voted against, while the ownership for Cleveland, New York and Washington had abstained. In the second ballot, the New York Yankees voted in favor of the Athletics relocation to Oakland. To appease all interested parties, the Athletics announced that MLB would expand to Kansas City and Seattle no later than the 1971 MLB season. MLB owners, bowing to", "title": "1967 Major League Baseball season" } ]	[ { "docid": "2458487", "text": "This is a list of award winners and league leaders for the Houston Astros, an American professional baseball team based in Houston. The Astros compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL), having moved to the league in 2013 after spending their first 51 seasons in the National League (NL). The Astros feature twelve total personnel who have been inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum, two Most Valuable Player (MVP) Award winners, four Cy Young Award winners, and three Rookie of the Year Award winners. Two players have won an annual batting championship, while eight pitchers have led the league in earned run average (ERA). Team awards National Baseball Hall of Fame honors Hall of Fame inductees Ford C. Frick Award recipients Major League Baseball awards Postseason awards Annual awards Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) Cy Young Award Rookie of the Year Award (ROY) Manager of the Year Award (MOY) Hank Aaron Award Rolaids Relief Man Award Comeback Player of the Year Award All-MLB Team All-Stars Rawlings Gold and Platinum Glove Awards Silver Slugger Award Monthly awards Awards for leadership, inspiration, and community service {\| \|valign=\"top\"\| MLB \"This Year in Baseball Awards\" Note: These awards were renamed the \"GIBBY Awards\" (Greatness in Baseball Yearly) in 2010 and then the \"Esurance MLB Awards in 2015. \"GIBBY Awards\" Best Breakout Everyday Player 2014 – José Altuve MLB Players Choice Awards Media and partnership awards Associated Press Baseball America awards Baseball Digest awards ESPY Award Fielding Bible Hickok Belt Sporting News Awards Sports Illustrated Topps All-Star Rookie Teams Wilson Sporting Goods Minor-league system California League Pitcher of the Year 2014 – Josh Hader Houston Astros Minor League Player of the Year 2014 – Brett Phillips Houston Astros Minor League Pitcher of the Year 2014 – Josh Hader Other achievements Ford C. Frick Award See: Retired numbers See: Darryl Kile Good Guy Award See and footnote 2003 – Jeff Bagwell 2004 – Roy Oswalt 2005 – Morgan Ensberg 2006 – Brad Lidge 2007 – Woody Williams 2008 – Hunter Pence 2009 – Brian Moehler 2010 – Geoff Blum 2011 – Jason Bourgeois 2012 – Jason Castro 2013 – Carlos Corporán 2014 – Scott Feldman 2015 – Hank Conger 2016 – Collin McHugh 2017 – Carlos Correa 2018 – Charlie Morton 2019 – Will Harris 2020 – Brad Peacock 2021 – Alex Bregman 2022 – Martín Maldonado 2023 – José Altuve Texas Sports Hall of Fame See: Annual batting statistical leaders Triple Crown categories Rate statistics leaders Cumulative statistical leaders Other leaders Annual pitching statistical leaders Triple Crown categories Rate statistical leaders Cumulative statistical leaders Annual fielding leaders All players Most errors committed Player value leaders Wins Above Replacement (WAR) See also Baseball awards Baseball statistics List of MLB awards Sabermetrics References Footnotes Sources Awa Major League Baseball team trophies and awards", "title": "Houston Astros award winners and league leaders" }, { "docid": "18938332", "text": "Brett Alexander Wallace (born August 26, 1986) is an American former professional baseball infielder. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Houston Astros and San Diego Padres. High school A 2005 graduate of Justin-Siena High School in Napa, California, Wallace earned four varsity baseball letters for head coach Allen Rossi. He helped lead Justin-Siena to a 97–9 record during his prep career, including a perfect 27–0 senior season. He broke nine school records during his prep career and holds single-season school records for walks, runs, hits, RBI, home runs and slugging percentage. Among his numerous accolades, Wallace was named a Collegiate Baseball/Louisville Slugger All-American and 2005 first-team All-State (CalHiSports.com) and 2005 California Small Schools Player of the Year. He was also a four-time All-Marin County Athletic League selection, 2004 and 2005 All-Napa County Offensive Player of the Year. College career Wallace was a two-time Pac-10 Player of the Year (2007 & 2008) and a two-time Triple Crown Winner at Arizona State University. He was the 12th Sun Devil to win the Pac-10 Player of the Year award, and the first since Dustin Pedroia shared the award in 2003. Wallace played 3B for the Sun Devils, teaming with now Los Angeles Dodgers first baseman Ike Davis at 1B and now Cleveland Indians second baseman Jason Kipnis in center field. The 2008 ASU squad also featured former St. Louis Cardinals pitcher Mike Leake and former San Diego Padres pitcher Josh Spence. In 2006, he played collegiate summer baseball with the Falmouth Commodores of the Cape Cod Baseball League and was named a league all-star. Professional career Early career The Toronto Blue Jays selected Wallace in the 42nd round of the 2005 MLB Draft, but he did not sign with the team. After his collegiate career, he was picked by the St. Louis Cardinals as their first round (13th overall) selection of the 2008 MLB draft out of Arizona State University. After his performance at Single-A Quad Cities, Wallace skipped High-A Palm Beach and was promoted immediately to the Double-A Springfield Cardinals. He began 2009 playing for Springfield before being promoted to the Triple-A Memphis Redbirds. During his career in the minor leagues, Wallace split time between first base and third base. On July 24, 2009, Wallace was traded to the Oakland Athletics as part of a package for outfielder Matt Holliday. On December 15, 2009, Wallace was dealt to the Toronto Blue Jays for Michael Taylor, who was obtained by the Blue Jays from the Philadelphia Phillies as part of a trade for Roy Halladay. Houston Astros On July 29, 2010, he was traded again, this time to the Houston Astros, in exchange for minor league outfielder Anthony Gose, who had just been obtained by the Astros from the Phillies as part of a trade for Roy Oswalt. Wallace was sent to the Triple-A affiliate, the Round Rock Express, for one day and did not appear in a game before being called up by the Astros on July 31, 2010", "title": "Brett Wallace" }, { "docid": "729163", "text": "Eduardo Rafael Pérez (born May 4, 1968) is a Venezuelan-American former professional baseball catcher. Since 2007, he has served as a coach for the Atlanta Braves. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Braves, Cleveland Indians, and Milwaukee Brewers. During his tenure with the Braves, Pérez was notable for being the personal catcher for Baseball Hall of Fame pitcher Greg Maddux and for being named the Most Valuable Player of the 1999 National League Championship Series. Baseball playing career Born in Ciudad Ojeda, Venezuela, Pérez was signed by the Atlanta Braves as an amateur free agent in 1986. He spent eight seasons in the Braves' minor league system, eventually progressing to their Triple-A affiliate, the Richmond Braves. In , he was named the Most Valuable Player of the Venezuelan Winter League. He posted a .265 batting average with 19 doubles and 40 runs batted in with Richmond in , earning a late season call up to Atlanta. Pérez made his major league debut with the Braves at the age of 27 on September 10, 1995. In his first game as a starting player on September 15, he hit a home run for his first major league hit. Pérez made the post-season roster, but didn't get to play as the Braves went on to win the 1995 World Series. Pérez served as the Braves' back up catcher behind Javy López, but by June 1996, he had taken on the role of personal catcher for Greg Maddux, a job previously held by Charlie O'Brien who had been granted free agency during the off-season. The Braves went on to win the National League pennant before losing to the New York Yankees in the 1996 World Series. On September 17, 1997, Pérez hit a grand slam home run against the San Francisco Giants, enabling the Braves to tie a major league team record with 11 grand slams in one season. With Pérez as his catcher, Maddux ended the year with a 2.20 earned run average, second best in the National League, as the Braves once again clinched the National League East Division crown. The Braves swept the Houston Astros in three games in the 1997 National League Division Series before losing to the eventual world champion Florida Marlins in the 1997 National League Championship Series. Pérez had his best year in 1998 when he posted a .336 batting average along with a .404 on-base percentage in 61 games. He committed only 1 error in 305 total chances for a .997 fielding percentage. His working relationship with Maddux continued to improve with Maddux leading the National League with 5 shutouts, and a 2.22 earned run average. The Braves once again claimed the National League East Division crown and defeated the Chicago Cubs in three games in the 1998 National League Division Series. Pérez hit an eighth-inning grand slam home run in the decisive Game 3 of the series. However, the Braves' season ended when they lost to the San Diego Padres in the", "title": "Eddie Pérez (baseball)" }, { "docid": "1627285", "text": "The Triple Crown of Golf is the winning of three major golf championships in the same year. This feat has been accomplished only twice in modern golf history: In 1953, Ben Hogan won the Masters, the U.S. Open, and The Open Championship, which was touted as the Triple Crown. The dates of the PGA Championship overlapped with The Open that year, which made winning the Grand Slam impossible. The PGA Championship was also a match play event during that era. After winning The Open (the third major of the year), Hogan was honored with a ticker tape parade in New York. In 2000, Tiger Woods won the last three majors (the U.S. Open, The Open, and the PGA Championship), which was called \"Tiger's Triple Crown.\" Woods also held the PGA Tour's Triple Crown that year (see below) and would win the 2001 Masters, which was the next major, for a non-calendar year Grand Slam, the first time it has happened in the modern professional game. The Triple Crown has also been referred to: Winning the PGA Tour's three oldest events in the same year: The Open Championship (1860), the U.S. Open (1895), and the Canadian Open (1904). This combination of wins has been called the Triple Crown of the PGA Tour. There have been two holders of this Triple Crown: Lee Trevino in 1971 and Tiger Woods in 2000. There are only six players to carry the career triple crown, winning the three national championship throughout their playing career, Woods, Trevino, Tommy Armour, Walter Hagen, Arnold Palmer, and Rory McIlroy. Winning the world's three oldest golf tournaments in the same year: The Open Championship (1860), the U.S. Open (1895), and the South African Open (1903). No one has won this Triple Crown. Only two players, Gary Player and Ernie Els, have won all three of these events throughout their playing career. In South Africa: Winning the three major domestic championships in the same year: the South African Open, the South African Masters, and the South African PGA Championship. This Triple Crown has been held by Gary Player in 1979 and Ernie Els in 1992. Note: The South African Masters has been discontinued since 2011. In Australia: Winning the three major domestic championships in the same year: the Australian Open, the Australian Masters, and the Australian PGA Championship. This Triple Crown was held by Robert Allenby in 2005. Note: The Australian Masters has been discontinued since 2015. See also Grand Slam (golf) References Golf terminology Golf records and rankings", "title": "Triple Crown (golf)" }, { "docid": "10899512", "text": "The 1924 Washington Senators won 92 games, lost 62, and finished in first place in the American League. Fueled by the excitement of winning their first AL pennant, the Senators won the World Series in dramatic fashion, a 12-inning Game 7 victory. Regular season The Senators' offense was led by future Hall of Famer Goose Goslin, who was one of the youngest players on the team. He drove in a league-leading 129 runs. Walter Johnson had another outstanding year, winning the American League pitching Triple Crown and being voted Most Valuable Player. He anchored a staff that allowed the fewest runs in the league. Reliever Firpo Marberry paced the circuit in saves and games pitched. Manager Bucky Harris, who was also the team's starting second baseman, was the highest paid player on the team, earning $9,000. Season standings Record vs. opponents Roster Attendance The Senators drew 584,310 fans to their 77 home games at Griffith Stadium, good for 4th place among the 8 American League teams and an average of 7,588 per game. Player stats Batting Starters by position Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in Other batters Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in Pitching Starting pitchers Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts Other pitchers Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts Note: Firpo Marberry was team leader and MLB leader in saves with 15. Relief pitchers Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts Awards and honors League top five finishers Goose Goslin AL leader in RBI (129) #2 in AL in triples (17) Walter Johnson MLB leader in shutouts (6) AL leader in wins (23) AL leader in ERA (2.72) AL leader in strikeouts (158) Firpo Marberry MLB leader in saves (15) Sam Rice #3 in AL in stolen bases (24) #4 in AL in triples (14) Tom Zachary #2 in AL in ERA (2.75) Postseason The Senators finally made it into the postseason after many years of being the laughingstock of the American League. Behind ace pitcher Walter Johnson, they won the deciding Game Seven 4-3 in extra innings. The team returned to the World Series the next year and also in 1933, losing both, their last Series while playing in Washington. It wasn’t until 2019 that an MLB team based in the District of Columbia won another World Series. References External links 1924 Washington Senators at Baseball-Reference 1924 Washington Senators at Baseball Almanac Washington Senators (1901–1960) seasons Washington Senators season American League champion seasons World Series champion seasons Washing", "title": "1924 Washington Senators season" }, { "docid": "7054316", "text": "Izvestia (May 5, 1987 – October 21, 1991) was a Thoroughbred racehorse who won the Canadian Triple Crown in 1990. A grandson of Nearctic, who sired the legendary Northern Dancer, his damsire Personality was the 1970 Co-American Horse of the Year. Owned and bred by Kinghaven Farms, Izvestia began racing in the United States, winning two Graded stakes races at the Keeneland Race Course in Kentucky. He was shipped north in the spring of 1990 to his home base at Woodbine Racetrack in Toronto from which he won the Triple Crown. Having won it a year earlier on With Approval, jockey Don Seymour became the only jockey in history to ride two Canadian Triple Crown winners. Izvestia's career ended on October 21, 1991, when he had to be humanely euthanized after breaking a left hind leg in three places while competing in the Rothmans International. In 1999, he was inducted into the Canadian Horse Racing Hall of Fame. References External links Izvestia's Triple Crown wins at YouTube: Video at YouTube of the 1990 Queen's Plate Video at YouTube of the 1990 Prince of Wales Stakes Video at YouTube of the 1990 Breeders Stakes Izvestia's pedigree and racing stats 1987 racehorse births 1991 racehorse deaths Horses who died from racing injuries Racehorses bred in King, Ontario Racehorses trained in Canada King's Plate winners Sovereign Award winners Canadian Thoroughbred Horse of the Year Canadian Horse Racing Hall of Fame inductees Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing winners Thoroughbred family 2-n", "title": "Izvestia (horse)" }, { "docid": "33957807", "text": "Romántico (September 3, 1935–1957) was a South American Thoroughbred racehorse. He twice won two major Argentinian and Uruguayan races: the Gran Premio José Pedro Ramírez (1939, 1940), and the Gran Premio Carlos Pellegrini (1938, 1939). He also won the Gran Premio Nacional (Uruguay), Polla de Potrillos, and the Uruguayan Triple Crown, among others. Nicknamed El petizo sin par, Romántico is considered the best Uruguayan thoroughbred of the 20th century. Background Romántico was bred by Haras Casupá de Uruguay, sired by Caboclo and out of the mare Rosaflor. He was sold at auction, and purchased by José \"Pepito\" Petraglia for $1,900 in promissory notes, set to expire in 90 days. During those 90 days, Petraglia was very impressed with the colt, but was unable to acquire the funds to pay off the promissory notes by himself. During a call with his friend Dr. Vecce, Petraglia convinced one of Dr. Vecce's patients to enter a partnership with him, eventually resulting in a partnership of José Petraglia, Dr. Vecce, Santiago Sassi, and Carlos Rivera. Racing career 1938 Romántico first raced on April 17, 1938, as a two-year-old, in a 1200 meter race at Hipodromo Nacional de Maroñas, finishing second. Six days later, Romántico again finished second, in the Clásico Uruguay. Romántico won his first race on May eighth, covering 1300 meters in 1:19.0. Romántico finished third and second in the Clásico Independencia and Clásico Maroñas before winning again in the Clásico Chile. As a new three-year-old, Romántico ran in the 1600 meters Clásico Jorge Pacheco as the favorite, winning by three-quarters of a length in 1:36.0. Romántico next ran in the Gran Premio Polla de Potrillos, the first leg of the Uruguayan Triple Crown, winning by a length and a half, with the time for the 1600 meters once again being 1:36.0. A month later, Romántico contested the Gran Premio Jockey Club. At 2000 meters long, the second leg of the Triple Crown was the longest race yet run by Romántico. Romántico won in 2: by half a length. Before the final leg of the Triple Crown, Romántico ran in the Clásico Producción Nacional, finishing fifth in the 2300 meter race. This loss led to some doubts about Romántico's ability to last the distance of the 2500 meter long Gran Premio Nacional to win the Triple Crown. Buffalo, who had finished second in the Gran Premio Jockey Club and Clásico Producción Nacional, was the favorite. Romántico proved capable of the distance, winning the Gran Premio Nacional in a time of 2:. In November, Romántico ran outside of Hipódromo Nacional de Maroñas for the first time, traveling to Argentina's Hipódromo Argentino de Palermo for their premier race, the Gran Premio Carlos Pellegrini. Romántico covered the 3000 meters of the race in 3: to win over twelve others, including Argentinian Triple Crown winner Sorteado. A month later, Romántico was back in Uruguay, contesting the Clásico Comparación. In a fantastic duel down the stretch, Romántico finished second by a half a length to Mascagni, setting a", "title": "Romántico (horse)" }, { "docid": "4570670", "text": "William Derrick Bates (born December 7, 1963) is an American former professional baseball second baseman and pinch runner who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Milwaukee Brewers and the Cincinnati Reds. In 29 career games, Bates had a batting average of .125 with six hits, two runs batted in (RBI), 11 runs, and eight stolen bases. Though his defensive position was at second base, the Reds primarily used Bates as a pinch runner. After he scored the winning run in Game 2 of the 1990 World Series, Bates never played in MLB again. Born in Houston, Bates attended the University of Texas and, in his freshman season, won the 1983 College World Series as a part of the Texas Longhorns baseball team. For the next two seasons, Bates was named to the College Baseball All-America Team, a team composed of the best collegiate baseball athletes in America. Drafted by Milwaukee in the fourth round of the 1985 MLB draft, he rose through the Brewers' farm system helping several of his minor league teams win their respective league titles. He made his MLB debut in 1989, after Milwaukee's starting second baseman Jim Gantner was injured. A trade in 1990 sent Bates to Cincinnati, where the Reds used him primarily as a pinch runner at the end of the regular season and into the postseason. Facing the Oakland Athletics in the World Series, Bates reached base on a pinch hit single against Dennis Eckersley and later scored the winning run in Game 2 as the Reds swept the Athletics four games to none. Following the World Series championship, the Reds re-signed Bates on a one-year contract, and he played for their Triple-A team. He spent the next year with the Chicago Cubs Triple-A affiliate, and last played exhibition baseball in 1995. After retiring, he worked as an equipment supplier in the oil and gas industry in Houston. Early life William Derrick Bates was born on December 7, 1963, in Houston, Texas. The son of a paint foreman, he was the youngest of seven siblings. He attended Aldine High School, where he played baseball as an infielder and pitcher, basketball as a guard, and American football as a running back. In his junior year, the Aldine Mustangs defeated the Dickinson High School Gators 34–7 to win the Region III football championship; in the game, Bates recorded 93 yards on 14 carries. In baseball, the Texas High School Coaches Association named Bates as an All-Star to their South Team in June 1982. According to Bates, as a senior, Sam Houston State University and \"several smaller schools\" recruited him for baseball. After his senior season, a scout for the Houston Astros stated Bates would never play major college baseball, and suggested he attend a junior college. When the Philadelphia Phillies selected him in the eighth round of the 1982 MLB draft, Bates became the second player ever to be drafted out of Aldine. Instead of signing a professional contract with the Phillies, who", "title": "Billy Bates (baseball)" }, { "docid": "16541893", "text": "The 1940 Major League Baseball season was contested from April 16 through October 8, 1940. Both the American League (AL) and National League (NL) had eight teams, with each team playing a 154-game schedule. The Cincinnati Reds won the World Series over the Detroit Tigers in seven games. Hank Greenberg of the Tigers and Frank McCormick of the Reds won the Most Valuable Player Award in the AL and NL, respectively. Awards and honors Most Valuable Player Hank Greenberg (AL) – OF, Detroit Tigers Frank McCormick (NL) – 1B, Cincinnati Reds The Sporting News Player of the Year Award Bob Feller – P, Cleveland Indians The Sporting News Most Valuable Player Award Hank Greenberg (AL) – OF, Detroit Tigers Frank McCormick (NL) – 1B, Cincinnati Reds The Sporting News Manager of the Year Award Bill McKechnie – Cincinnati Reds Statistical leaders 1 American League Triple Crown Pitching Winner Standings American League National League Postseason Bracket Season overview The 1940 MLB season was dominated by stars such as Joe DiMaggio, Bob Feller, Hank Greenberg, and Frank McCormick. Bob Feller took home the American league pitching triple crown by having the most wins, strikeouts and lowest era in his respective league. Debs Garms led the entire league in batting average by hitting .355. Hank Greenberg and Johnny Mize led their respective leagues in homerun's and runs batted in by having (41,150) and (43,137). The Sporting News Manager of the Year Award went to Bill McKechnie for leading his team to the World Series and winning it. The World Series was won in Game 7 by the Reds over the Tigers, due to a strong pitching performance by Paul Derringer. 1940 All Star Game This was the 8th time the MLB all star game \"mid summer classic\" had been played. It was held in St. Louis Missouri at Sportsman's Park on July 9, 1940. The NL was led to victory by the lone home run of the game by Max West of the Braves and they won the game 4–1. The two starting pitchers of the game were Red Ruffing of the New York Yankees for the American League who took the loss for this game and Paul Derringer of the Cincinnati Reds for the National League who got the win in this game. The starting rosters for both the National League and the American League are shown below: World Series In a 7 game world series between the Detroit Tigers and the Cincinnati Reds the Cincinnati Reds won in Game 7. The 1940 World Series was a showdown between the best team in each league. The Reds were led by NL MVP Frank McCormick and the Tigers were led by AL MVP Hank Greenberg. This series game down to the last game where Paul Derringer threw a complete game, allowing no earned runs, and the Reds won 2-1. Managers American League National League Home field attendance Events April 16, 1940 – Bob Feller pitches his first career no hitter on opening day", "title": "1940 Major League Baseball season" }, { "docid": "6930277", "text": "Majestic Prince (March 19, 1966 – April 22, 1981) was a Thoroughbred racehorse. One of the leading North American horses of his generation, he won the Kentucky Derby and Preakness Stakes in 1969. Background In September 1967, Majestic Prince was purchased by Calgary, Alberta, oilman Frank McMahon at the Keeneland yearling sale for a then-record price of $250,000 ($ million inflation adjusted). The California-based colt, that grew to 1,120 pounds, was trained by another Albertan, Johnny Longden, a longtime friend of Frank McMahon, who had retired in 1966 as the winningest jockey of all time. Racing career Early races Raced lightly as a two-year-old, Majestic Prince won both of his starts in his 1968 fall campaign. Ridden by Bill Hartack, at age three, he quickly became the dominant three-year-old in West Coast racing, capping it off with an eight-length victory in the Santa Anita Derby. Unbeaten, Majestic Prince headed for Louisville and the Kentucky Derby. Kentucky Derby The 1969 Derby had a very strong field that deterred entries, and as such, only eight horses went to the starting gate. Majestic Prince was the betting favorite, followed by Top Knight, winner of the 1968 Eclipse Award for Outstanding Two-Year-Old Male Horse. The third favorite was the highly regarded Claiborne Farm colt Dike, and Paul Mellon's Arts and Letters was the fourth choice. The remaining four horses entered were all at very long odds. Majestic Prince drew the last post position. Arts and Letters, racing along the rail, took the lead by the time they reached the mile pole and were about to head for the stretch run. Majestic Prince ran the entire race on the outside, but pulled up alongside Arts and Letters into second place as they came down the homestretch, then moved ahead to win by a neck. The victory made Majestic Prince the first unbeaten Kentucky Derby champion in 47 years. Johnny Longden became the only person in history to ever win the Derby both as a jockey and as a trainer, a feat that as of 2019 has not been matched. Preakness Stakes The heavy favorite going into the second leg of the U.S. Triple Crown, Majestic Prince again met Arts and Letters, and the two dueled to the finish, with \"The Prince\", as the media dubbed him, winning his 9th consecutive race by a head. However, the morning after his victory, Longden advised the media that Majestic Prince came out of the race with a problem in his right front tendon. Longden stated the horse would not be able to run his best in the Belmont Stakes, so he was being shipped back to California to be rested until the fall. When asked by a reporter, McMahon said he concurred with Longden's view, adding, \"We want a Triple Crown, not a Crippled Crown.\" That the horse with the best chance in 21 years to win the Triple Crown was pulling out brought a frenzy of publicity and questions, particularly because Longden had said the injury was", "title": "Majestic Prince" }, { "docid": "2486385", "text": "This is a list of award winners and league leaders for the New York Mets professional baseball team. Team award 1969 – National League Championship Series Trophy – World Series Trophy 1973 – National League Championship Series Trophy – Baseball America Organization of the Year – Baseball America Organization of the Year 1986 National League Championship Series Trophy – Commissioner's Trophy (World Series) – Baseball America Organization of the Year 2000 – Warren Giles Trophy (National League champion) 2015 – Warren Giles Trophy (National League champion) Team records (single-season and career) Team captains Keith Hernandez, 1987–89 (co-captain with Gary Carter, 1988–89) Gary Carter, 1988–89 (co-captain with Keith Hernandez) John Franco, 2001–04 David Wright, 2013–18 Individual awards Cy Young Award Tom Seaver, , , Dwight Gooden, R. A. Dickey, Jacob deGrom, , Rookie of the Year Award Tom Seaver, Jon Matlack, Darryl Strawberry, Dwight Gooden, Jacob deGrom, Pete Alonso, Associated Press Manager of the Year Award (discontinued) Gil Hodges Manager of the Year Award Buck Showalter (2022) Hank Aaron Award (top hitter in league) None HR Leader (NL) Dave Kingman, Darryl Strawberry, Howard Johnson, Pete Alonso, RBI Leader (NL) Howard Johnson, Pete Alonso, Batting Title (NL) Jose Reyes, Jeff McNeil, Gold Glove Award Pitcher Ron Darling, 1989 Catcher none First base Keith Hernandez, 1983–1988 Second base Doug Flynn, 1980 Shortstop Bud Harrelson, 1971 Rey Ordóñez, 1997–1999 Third base Robin Ventura, 1999 David Wright, 2007, 2008 Outfield Tommie Agee, 1970 Carlos Beltrán, 2006–2008 Juan Lagares, 2014 Wilson Defensive Player of the Year Award See explanatory note at Atlanta Braves award winners and league leaders Team (all positions) David Wright (2012) Juan Lagares (2013) Pitcher (in MLB) Jacob deGrom (2015) Silver Slugger Award Pitcher Dwight Gooden, 1992 Mike Hampton, 2000 Catcher Gary Carter, 1985, 1986 Mike Piazza, 1998–2002 First base Keith Hernandez, 1984 Second base Edgardo Alfonzo, 1999 Jeff McNeil, 2022 Shortstop José Reyes, 2006 Francisco Lindor, 2023 Third base Howard Johnson, 1989, 1991 David Wright, 2007, 2008 Outfield Darryl Strawberry, 1988, 1990 Carlos Beltrán, 2006–2007 Yoenis Cespedes, 2016 Rolaids Relief Man of the Year AwardSee footnoteJohn Franco, 1990 Armando Benítez, 2001 MLB Reliever of the Year Award Edwin Díaz, 2022 Major League Triple Crown: PitchingSee: Major League Baseball Triple CrownDwight Gooden () Triple Crown (NL): PitchingSee: Dwight Gooden (1985) MLB Comeback Player of the Year Award Ray Knight, 1986 Rickey Henderson, 1999 Matt Harvey, 2015 Roberto Clemente Award Gary Carter, 1989 Al Leiter, 2000 Carlos Delgado, 2006 Curtis Granderson, 2016 NL All-Stars World Series MVP Award Donn Clendenon, 1969 Ray Knight, 1986 NLCS MVP AwardSee: National League Championship Series#NLCS results (1969–present) (Series MVP column)Mike Hampton, Daniel Murphy, Major League Baseball All-Star Game MVP AwardNote: This was re-named the Ted Williams Most Valuable Player Award in 2002.Jon Matlack, 1975 (shared with Bill Madlock) DHL Hometown Heroes (2006) Tom Seaver — voted by MLB fans as the most outstanding player in the history of the franchise, based on on-field performance, leadership quality and character value Sports Illustrated MLB All-Decade Team Carlos Beltrán, centerfield (2009)", "title": "New York Mets award winners and league leaders" }, { "docid": "5250177", "text": "John Henry Neun (October 28, 1900 – March 28, 1990) was an American professional baseball player and manager. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a first baseman from 1925 to 1931 for the Detroit Tigers and the Boston Braves. Neun is notable for completing the seventh unassisted triple play in MLB history. After his playing career he served as the manager for the New York Yankees and the Cincinnati Reds. Career Neun was born in Baltimore, Maryland. Although never an everyday player (he never played more than 97 games a season), Neun entered baseball immortality on May 31, 1927 against the Cleveland Indians, when he caught a line drive from Homer Summa, stepped on first to retire Charlie Jamieson, and despite shouts from his shortstop to throw him the ball, raced towards second base to retire Glenn Myatt, completing the seventh unassisted triple play in MLB history, and the first such play to end a game. Neun became the second, and most recent, first baseman to accomplish the feat. It came one day after Jimmy Cooney of the Chicago Cubs turned his own unassisted triple play. On July 9, 1927, playing against the New York Yankees, Neun had five base hits and five stolen bases. He is the only player since at least 1914 to have at least five of each in one game. Nevertheless, he stole only 41 bases in his career. A switch-hitter who threw left-handed, Neun batted .289 with two home runs and 85 RBI in 945 at bats during his seven-year Major League Baseball career. In 1935, after retiring as a player, Neun began managing in the New York Yankees' farm system, and from 1938 through 1941, he piloted the AA Newark Bears, winning International League regular season championships in 1938 (104 wins) and 1941 (100 wins) and the 1938 playoff title. He then spent two seasons as skipper of the Yanks' other top affiliate, the Kansas City Blues of the American Association (where he won another regular-season pennant, in 1942), before joining the New York coaching staff in 1944. In September 1946, he was hired as the manager of the Yankees, replacing Bill Dickey. His stint in New York lasted only 14 games (8-6) through the third-place Yankees' final regular season game. During the offseason, he was hired by the Cincinnati Reds as the successor to Hall of Fame manager Bill McKechnie. Neun piloted the Reds for all of and through August 5, 1948, compiling a record of 117–137 (.461). He was dismissed after 100 games in in favor of Bucky Walters. He continued working in the game, and into his eighties was a scout and instructor for the Milwaukee Brewers. Managerial record Neun and Cooney Despite their joint fame, Neun and Jimmy Cooney never actually met, as they were playing in different leagues. (They did face each other in a minor league game in 1929, but didn't exchange words.) Finally, nearly six decades later, in 1986, Sports Illustrated arranged a conference call", "title": "Johnny Neun" }, { "docid": "1810977", "text": "Derrek Leon Lee (born September 6, 1975), nicknamed \"D-Lee\", is an American former professional baseball first baseman. Lee played with the San Diego Padres, Florida Marlins, Chicago Cubs, Atlanta Braves, Baltimore Orioles and Pittsburgh Pirates of Major League Baseball (MLB). Lee was a World Series champion with the Marlins in 2003, and he won the National League batting title in 2005. He was a two-time All-Star selection, and won the Gold Glove Award three times. Early life Lee was born on September 6, 1975, in Sacramento, California. Leon Lee is his father and Leron Lee is his uncle. Each of them played professional baseball in Japan. During his elementary years Lee lived in Japan, and during his high school years he often lived there during his summer breaks. He played Little League Baseball at Whitney Little League and graduated from El Camino High School in 1993. Professional career San Diego Padres Lee was drafted in the first round (14th overall) of the 1993 MLB draft by the San Diego Padres, and made his MLB debut on April 28, 1997. Florida Marlins Traded, along with prospects, to the Florida Marlins a year later for Kevin Brown, Lee was a member of the 2003 World Series Marlins championship team. Lee won his first Gold Glove during the 2003 championship season and his spectacular grab and unassisted putout on a hard hit Hideki Matsui one-hop line drive snuffed out a Yankees rally and ended Game 5 of the World Series with a Marlins victory. The Marlins went on to win the World Series in Game 6. Chicago Cubs Lee was traded to the Cubs for Hee-seop Choi. He hit .278 with 32 home runs and 98 RBIs in his first year with the Cubs. In , Lee had a career first half of the season, with an MLB-leading .376 batting average, 72 RBIs, and a tie for the major league lead in home runs with 27. The Cubs had traded superstar Sammy Sosa, who had previously been one of their best hitters, before the 2005 season. Lee showed early on that he could more than compensate for the loss, and while Sosa had a disappointing 2005 season with the Baltimore Orioles, Lee had a career year. By midseason, he was among MLB's leaders in each of the triple crown categories: batting average, home runs, and RBIs. Lee hit his 200th career home run on August 28, , off Florida Marlins starter Josh Beckett. He finished the year with a career-best 46 home runs. His .335 batting average was the highest by a Cub since Bill Madlock's .339 in and made him the first Cub since Bill Buckner in to win a National League batting title. He also finished third in NL MVP voting and won the NL Gold Glove and Silver Slugger awards at first base that year. Lee was named to the U.S. roster for the World Baseball Classic, where he was the first player to hit a home run for Team", "title": "Derrek Lee" }, { "docid": "2217544", "text": "The Triple Crown of Brazilian Football () is an unofficial title given to the club that won the three most important competitions of the Brazilian football in the same year: Achievers Santos Futebol Clube won the three most important Brazilian competitions in 1962. In that year, it won the Campeonato Paulista, the Copa Libertadores da América and the Taça Brasil (in 2010, Taça Brasil was unified to the Campeonato Brasileiro). The team even won the 1962 Intercontinental Cup. In 1963, Santos did not win the state championship, but won the Torneio Rio-São Paulo and the other 3 competitions won in the previous year. In 1981, Flamengo won Carioca, Libertadores and Intercontinental Cup. In 1992, São Paulo won Paulista, Libertadores and Intercontinental Cup. The following year, despite winning nothing statewide or nationally, he won four international titles: in addition to the last two, the Supercopa Libertadores and the Recopa Sul-Americana. In 2005, the São Paulo team would repeat the feat of 1992, but now winning the FIFA Club World Cup. The Intercontinental Cup and the FIFA Club World Cup are of particular importance for brazilian football, and culturally considered as a single competition. Cruzeiro Esporte Clube won the three most important Brazilian competitions in the same year (in 2003). In that year the Campeonato Mineiro (the state championship of the state of Minas Gerais) was contested in a single round robin format, and Cruzeiro, coached by Vanderlei Luxemburgo, won the competition without losing a single game. Also, Cruzeiro won the Copa do Brasil undefeated, beating Flamengo in the final of the tournament. The Série A was won with 31 wins, seven draws and eight defeats, totaling 100 points earned. The club scored 102 goals during the championship, and conceded 47. Flamengo's run in 2019 brought them three important trophies, although they were not all won on a domestic level: the state championship, Campeonato Carioca, the Campeonato Brasileiro, and the Copa Libertadores. Flamengo was only the second Brazilian club after Santos in 1962 to achieve this kind of Triple Crown. The following season, Palmeiras were crowned winners of the Campeonato Paulista, Copa do Brasil and Copa Libertadores. In 2021, Atlético Mineiro won the three main national championships of the season, the Campeonato Mineiro, the Copa do Brasil (with the presence of clubs participating in the Copa Libertadores of the same year, and from 2001 to 2012 it was not possible to play both in the same season) and the Campeonato Brasileiro. However, he was unable to win the continental-level triple crown after being eliminated by Palmeiras in the Copa Libertadores. See also Treble (association football) Triple Crown (disambiguation) Three-peat References Football competitions in Brazil Cruzeiro Esporte Clube pt:Tríplice coroa", "title": "Triple Crown of Brazilian Football" }, { "docid": "604395", "text": "Robert Pershing Doerr (April 7, 1918 – November 13, 2017) was an American professional baseball second baseman and coach. He played his entire 14-year Major League Baseball (MLB) career for the Boston Red Sox (1937–1951). A nine-time MLB All-Star, Doerr batted over .300 three times, drove in more than 100 runs six times, and set Red Sox team records in several statistical categories despite missing one season due to military service during World War II. He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1986. After he retired as a player, Doerr served as a scout and a coach; he worked with Carl Yastrzemski before his Triple Crown season. From April 25, 2017, until his death on November 13 of that year, Doerr was the oldest living former major league player. He was the last living person who played in the major leagues in the 1930s, and was the oldest of only three living people who made their MLB debut before U.S. involvement in World War II (the other two being Chuck Stevens and Fred Caligiuri). Early life Doerr was the son of Harold Doerr, a telephone company supervisor, and his wife, the former Frances Herrnberger; his middle name was a tribute to General of the Armies John J. Pershing, then the commander of U.S. military forces in World War I. He graduated from Los Angeles' Fremont High School in 1936, and by then, had already begun his professional career with the 1934 and 1935 Hollywood Stars of the Pacific Coast League (PCL). While playing for the San Diego Padres of the PCL in 1936, Doerr met Ted Williams. The future Red Sox teammates became close friends for many years. Doerr played in 175 games for San Diego that year, batting .342. He led the league with 238 hits, including 37 doubles and 12 triples. MLB playing career Early career Doerr broke into the majors in 1937 at the age of 19 and went 3-for-5 in his first game. In 1938, he became a regular in the Red Sox lineup. Doerr led the league with 22 sacrifice hits in 1938. In 1939, Doerr began a string of 12 consecutive seasons with 10 or more home runs and 73 or more runs batted in (RBIs); in 1940 the Red Sox became the 12th team in major league history to have four players with 100 RBIs, with Foxx, Williams, Cronin and Doerr each collecting at least 105. All-Star seasons and the World Series In 1941, Doerr was an All-Star, the first of nine times he was selected for the AL All-Star team. In 1944, Doerr led the league in slugging percentage. The same year, his .325 batting average was good enough to allow him to finish second in the league, two percentage points behind Lou Boudreau of the Cleveland Indians. The Sporting News named him Most Valuable Player for the American League (AL), although he finished only seventh in Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award voting for the AL. Doerr", "title": "Bobby Doerr" }, { "docid": "12619477", "text": "Julio Bécquer Villegas (December 20, 1931 – November 1, 2020) was a Cuban-born American professional baseball player, a first baseman who played in 488 games over seven seasons (1955; 1957–61; 1963) for the Washington Senators / Minnesota Twins and Los Angeles Angels of Major League Baseball. A native of Havana, he batted and threw left-handed; Bécquer stood tall and weighed during his active career. Bécquer attended the University of Havana. His pro baseball career began in the Washington organization in 1952 and he made his MLB debut with the Washington Senators in September , getting into ten games, with one start as a first baseman, and collecting three hits in 14 at bats. He spent 1956 with the Triple-A Louisville Colonels, where he belted 15 home runs but posted only a .235 batting average. Bécquer then spent four full seasons with the Senators. Although he appeared in 100 or more games three times (; –60) only in 1960 was he Washington's regular first baseman. That season, the last of the \"original\" Senators' 60 years in Washington, he set personal bests in games played (110), hits (75) and runs batted in (35). At the expansion draft that followed in December, he was left unprotected and was taken as the 49th player selected by the new Los Angeles Angels franchise. For the Angels, Bécquer appeared in nine games as a defensive replacement and pinch hitter and went hitless in eight at bats. On May 10, with MLB teams cutting their rosters from 28 to 25 men, he was acquired by the Philadelphia Phillies' Buffalo Bisons Triple-A affiliate. Bécquer never appeared for the Phils at the Major League level; instead, on June 2 he was sold to his original MLB team, renamed the Minnesota Twins, where he appeared in 57 games, 18 at first base, and batted .238 with five home runs, a career high. On July 4, 1961, he hit a pinch hit, walk-off grand slam home run off Warren Hacker of the Chicago White Sox on a 1–1 count with two outs in the bottom of the ninth inning. Bécquer spent all of 1962, and most of , in minor league baseball. But late in the 1963 campaign, Calvin Griffith, the president and majority owner of the Twins, purchased Bécquer's contract from the Mexican League and placed him on the Twins' roster so that he could qualify for his MLB pension. Bécquer's only big-league appearance in 1963, his last in the majors, came when he pinch-ran for catcher Earl Battey September 18, and scored his final MLB run. Altogether, Bécquer notched 238 hits, including 37 doubles, 16 triples, 12 homers and 114 RBI, batting .244 lifetime. He finished his career with a .993 fielding percentage at first base. Bécquer retired from the game after the 1964 minor-league season and lived in Minneapolis. He died from COVID-19 at an assisted living facility in Hopkins, on November 1, 2020, at the age of 88. References External links 1931 births 2020 deaths Águilas de", "title": "Julio Bécquer" }, { "docid": "2809066", "text": "The British Classics are five long-standing Group 1 horse races run during the traditional flat racing season. They are restricted to three-year-old horses and traditionally represent the pinnacle of achievement for racehorses against their own age group. As such, victory in any classic marks a horse as amongst the very best of a generation. Victory in two or even three of the series (a rare feat known as the Triple Crown) marks a horse as truly exceptional. Races The five British Classics are: It is common to think of them as taking place in three legs. The first leg is made up of the Newmarket Classics – 1000 Guineas and 2000 Guineas. Given that the 1,000 Guineas is restricted to fillies, this is regarded as the fillies' classic and the 2,000, which is open to both sexes, as the colts' classic, although it is theoretically possible for a filly to compete in both. The second leg is made up of The Derby and/or Oaks, both ridden over miles at Epsom in early June. The Oaks is regarded as the fillies' classic, the Derby as the colts', although, as with the Guineas, a filly could theoretically contest both. The final leg is the St Leger, held over 1 mile furlongs at Doncaster and is open to both sexes. The variety of distances and racecourses faced in the Classics make them particularly challenging as a series to even the best horses. It is rare for a horse to possess both the speed and stamina to compete across all these distances, making the Triple Crown a particularly notable achievement. In fact, in the modern era, it is rare for any attempt on the Triple Crown to be made. Geldings are excluded from the 2000 Guineas, Derby and St Leger, in common with all European Group One races restricted to three-year-olds. History Although the oldest race in the series, the St Leger, was first run in 1776, the races were not designated \"classics\" until 1815, shortly after the first running of the 1,000 Guineas. Multiple classic winners (see also Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing) In 1902 Sceptre became the only racehorse to win four British Classic Races outright, winning both Guineas, the Oaks and the St Leger. Previously, in 1868, Formosa won the same four races but dead-heated in the 2,000 Guineas. Fifteen horses have won the standard Triple Crown (2,000 Guineas – Derby – St Leger), the last being Nijinsky in 1970. Three of these achieved the feat during the World War I when all five Classic races were run at Newmarket. In addition to Sceptre and Formosa above, eight horses have won the fillies' Triple Crown (1,000 Guineas – Oaks – St Leger), the last being Oh So Sharp in 1985. Many horses have won two classics, some of whom have gone on to attempt the Triple Crown, losing in the last leg at Doncaster. The most recent example of this was the Aidan O'Brien trained Camelot, who finished second in the", "title": "British Classic Races" }, { "docid": "4657440", "text": "Smead Powell Jolley (January 14, 1902 – November 17, 1991) was an American outfielder in professional baseball. He played from 1922 to 1941, including four seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1930 to 1933. Jolley was considered a good hitter. His poor fielding kept him from having a longer major league career, but he spent eight seasons in the Pacific Coast League (PCL), the top minor league of that era. In 1928, he won the PCL Triple Crown. He was inducted into the Pacific Coast League Hall of Fame in 2003. Early minor league career Jolley was born in Wesson, Arkansas, in 1902. He was 6'3\" tall and weighed 210 pounds. Jolley started his professional baseball career in 1922 with the Greenville Bucks of the class D Cotton States League. That season, he was a pitcher and had a 12–7 win–loss record in 180 innings pitched. He also had a .314 batting average. In 1923, Jolley was an outfielder and pitcher for the Shreveport Gassers of the class A Texas League. He batted .332 and had a 2–8 record in 111 innings pitched. In 1924, Jolley was an outfielder and pitcher for the Texarkana Twins of the class D East Texas League. He batted .371 and had a 9–9 record in 184 innings pitched. That was the last season in which he spent significant time as a pitcher. In 1925, Jolley played for the Corsicana Oilers of the class D Texas Association and batted .362. San Francisco Seals Jolley played for the San Francisco Seals of the class AA Pacific Coast League from 1926 to 1929. In 1926, he batted .346. In 1927, Jolley batted .397 with 33 home runs and 163 runs batted in (RBI). He led the PCL in batting average and RBI. In 1928, Jolley batted .404 with 45 home runs and 188 RBI, leading the league in all three categories to win the Triple Crown. He also led the league with 309 hits, a .675 slugging percentage, and 516 total bases. The Seals won the PCL championship. In 1929, Jolley batted .387 with 35 home runs and 159 RBI. Major League Baseball In November 1929, the Seals traded Jolley to the Chicago White Sox of the American League (AL). In 1930, he batted .313 with 16 home runs and 116 RBI. In 1931, he batted .300 with 3 home runs and 28 RBI. In April 1932, the White Sox traded Jolley to the AL's Boston Red Sox. Overall, he batted .312 with 18 home runs and 106 RBI in 1932. In 1933, he batted .282 with 9 home runs and 65 RBI. Later minor league career In December 1933, the Red Sox traded Jolley to the AL's St. Louis Browns. The Browns then traded him to the PCL's Hollywood Stars. In 1934, Jolley batted .360. In 1935, he batted .372. In 1936, Jolley played for the Albany Senators of the class AA International League. He led the league with a .373 batting average, 221 hits,", "title": "Smead Jolley" }, { "docid": "61486932", "text": "Nicholas Benjamin Nelson (born December 5, 1995) is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Philadelphia Phillies of Major League Baseball (MLB). He has previously played in MLB for the New York Yankees. Career New York Yankees Nelson attended Rutherford High School in Panama City, Florida. He drafted by the San Francisco Giants in the 31st round of the 2014 MLB draft, but did not sign and played college baseball at Gulf Coast Community College. He was then drafted by the New York Yankees in the fourth round of the 2016 MLB draft and signed. Nelson made his professional debut with the Pulaski Yankees, going 0–3 with a 3.38 ERA over innings. He pitched 2017 with the Charleston RiverDogs, compiling a 3–12 record with a 4.56 ERA over 22 starts, and 2018 with Charleston, Tampa Tarpons and Trenton Thunder, pitching to a combined 8–6 record with a 3.55 ERA over 26 games (25 starts) between the three teams. He pitched 2019 with Tampa, Trenton, and the Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders, going 8–3 with a 2.81 ERA over 18 games (17 starts), striking out 114 over innings. Nelson was added to the Yankees' MLB roster on July 26, 2020. He made his MLB debut in the August 1 game against the Boston Red Sox, pitching three shutout innings in relief, and was credited with the win. He finished his rookie campaign making 11 appearances and logging a 4.79 ERA with 18 strikeouts in 20 innings pitched. In 2021, Nelson made 11 appearances for the Yankees, but struggled to an 8.79 ERA with 22 strikeouts in 14 innings of work. In a larger sample size with Triple-A Scranton, Nelson worked to a 3.81 ERA with 62 strikeouts in 29 games. Philadelphia Phillies The Yankees traded Nelson and Donny Sands to the Philadelphia Phillies for T. J. Rumfield and Joel Valdez on November 19, 2021. On September 9, 2022, he recorded his first career save, pitching in relief of Brad Hand in a 5–3 victory over the Washington Nationals. In 2022, Nelson worked mainly as a long reliever, making 47 appearances for the Phillies and registering a 4.85 ERA with 69 strikeouts in 68 innings of work. Nelson made only one appearance for Philadelphia in 2023, recording the win after allowing one run with three strikeouts across innings against the New York Mets. Nelson was optioned to the Triple–A Lehigh Valley IronPigs to begin the 2024 season. Personal life Nelson is married to his wife, Abigail. At the time of his MLB debut, his daughter, Hynleigh, was 11 months old. References External links 1995 births Living people Baseball players from Florida Charleston RiverDogs players Clearwater Threshers players Gulf Coast State Commodores baseball players Lehigh Valley IronPigs players Major League Baseball pitchers New York Yankees players Philadelphia Phillies players Pulaski Yankees players Reading Fightin Phils players Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders players Sportspeople from Panama City, Florida Tampa Tarpons players Trenton Thunder players", "title": "Nick Nelson (baseball)" }, { "docid": "1922374", "text": "Whirlaway (April 2, 1938 – April 6, 1953) was a champion American Thoroughbred racehorse who is the fifth winner of the American Triple Crown. He also won the Travers Stakes after his Triple Crown sweep to become the first and only horse to win all four races. Whirlaway was sired by English Derby winner Blenheim, out of the broodmare Dustwhirl. Whirlaway was bred at Calumet Farm in Lexington, Kentucky. Trained by Ben A. Jones and ridden by Eddie Arcaro, Whirlaway swept the Triple Crown in 1941. He holds the record for the longest winning margin in the Kentucky Derby with fellow Triple Crown winner Assault, as they both won the Derby by 8 lengths. Whirlaway was widely known as \"Mr. Longtail\" because his tail was especially long and thick and it would blow far out behind him during races, flowing dramatically in the wind. He was voted the American Champion Two-Year-Old Colt in 1940 by Turf & Sports Digest magazine. The rival Daily Racing Form award was won by Our Boots. Whirlaway was named American Horse of the Year by the Daily Racing Form and Turf & Sport Digest in both 1941, the year he won the Triple Crown, and 1942, the year Shut Out won the Kentucky Derby and Belmont. Background Jimmy Jones, son of the colt's trainer, recalled that \"Whirlaway was a creature of habit. You had to create habits for him. So we created the habits we wanted him to do.\" Whirlaway was regarded as having a \"quirky\" personality. The champion colt had a habit of \"bearing out,\" drifting toward the middle of the racetrack, during the latter part of his races and losing as a result. In preparations for the Kentucky Derby, this had been such a problem that trainer Ben A. Jones fitted the colt with a full-cup blinker over his right eye. In Whirlaway's final workout before the Derby, Jones cut a small hole in the blinker so that the horse had a tiny field of vision. Jones positioned himself ten feet off the inner rail and told jockey Eddie Arcaro to ride the horse through that space. Whirlaway was able to see his trainer, Arcaro was able to keep him on a straight path, and Whirlaway won the Kentucky Derby by tying the current (as of 2018) record margin of 8 lengths. Racing record Trained by Ben A. Jones and ridden by Arcaro, Whirlaway won the U.S. Triple Crown in 1941. He also won the Lawrence Realization Stakes and the Travers Stakes that year; Whirlaway is the only horse ever to win both the Triple Crown and the Travers, sometimes referred to as a \"superfecta\". He was voted the Horse of the Year in 1941, beating Alsab by 96 votes to 91 in a poll conducted by the Turf and Sport Digest magazine. A year later, Whirlaway repeated his win in the poll, beating Alsab with 76 votes to his rival's 45. Arcaro was the sole rider for Whirlaway in all of his", "title": "Whirlaway" }, { "docid": "73669992", "text": "Laura Lynn Gulas (born February 16, 1969) is a retired jockey who competed between the early 1990s to late 2000s. As a graded stakes race competitor, Gulas won one Grade III event in 1994 and one Grade II event in 2002. During 1999, Gulas was \"the first woman to win a Canadian Triple Crown race\" upon her win at the Breeders' Stakes. As part of the Canadian Triple Tiara, Gulas also won the Wonder Where Stakes that year. After ending her jockeying career in 2007, she had 3,845 wins and over $8 million in prize winnings. Early life and education Gulas was born February 16, 1969, in Welland, Ontario. Growing up, she was interested in horse racing while attending elementary school. As a child, she played on a minor ice hockey team. Before she studied horses in Toronto for her education, Gulas was a groom in Fort Erie during her teens. As an adult, Gulas attended Stratford Career Institute for a veterinary medicine program. Career In 1990, Gulas went to Woodbine Racetrack to begin her jockey career. The following year, Gulas had her first Canadian race victories during her apprenticeship. She injured her pelvis and shoulder during a 1992 event. Gulas continued to compete until her injuries made her withdraw from racing for a couple of months. Outside of Fort Erie, Gulas competed at events in California from 1992 to 1993. During these two years, some racecourses Gulas had victories at include Hollywood Park Racetrack and Santa Anita Park. The following year, Gulas won her first graded stakes race upon her victory at the 1994 Eclipse Handicap as a Grade III event. Gulas briefly stopped competing in 1996 after she had a hip fracture. During her August 1999 debut as a Breeders' Stakes jockey on Free Vacation, Gulas was \"the first woman to win a Canadian Triple Crown race\". As part of the Canadian Triple Tiara, Gulas and her horse also won the Wonder Where Stakes in October 1999. That year, Gulas hurt her neck and head. While occasionally racing in 2000, Gulas experienced multiple concussions and had surgery to repair a fractured collarbone. Gulas resumed her racing career in July 2001. At Grade II events, Gulas won the 2002 Chinese Cultural Center Stakes for her last victory at graded stakes races. That year, Gulas was tenth at the Woodbine Oaks as part of the Canadian Triple Tiara. After competing in races during 2003, she did not race from 2004 to 2006. During 2007, Gulas had a concussion before she ended jockeying that year. Throughout her career, Gulas had 3,845 wins and over $8 million in prize winnings. In the late 2010s, she was working at a Florida stable. Personal life During the 2000s, Gulas used drugs for pain management and had mental illness. To treat her drug use, she underwent drug rehabilitation and group therapy. In the 2010s, Gulas was in jail for drug trafficking before she released in 2017. Gulas has a child and is married. References 1969", "title": "Laurie Gulas" }, { "docid": "14012454", "text": "The 1905 New York Giants season was the franchise's 23rd season, and the team won their second consecutive National League pennant. They beat the Philadelphia Athletics in the World Series. Regular season This team featured three Hall of Fame players – catcher Roger Bresnahan, and pitchers Christy Mathewson and Joe McGinnity – along with Hall of Fame manager John McGraw. Mathewson won the pitching triple crown and then had one of the greatest World Series performances of all-time, with three shutouts in six days. Only six men pitched for the Giants in 1905. The offense, led by \"Turkey\" Mike Donlin, scored the most runs in the majors. On June 29, Archie \"Moonlight\" Graham, made famous through the novel Shoeless Joe and subsequent movie Field of Dreams, made his lone major league appearance. Season standings Record vs. opponents Roster Player stats Batting Starters by position Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in Other batters Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in Pitching Starting pitchers Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts Relief pitchers Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts Awards and honors League top five finishers Red Ames #2 in NL in strikeouts (198) #3 in NL in wins (22) Art Devlin MLB leader in stolen bases (59) Mike Donlin MLB leader in runs scored (124) #3 in NL in batting average (.356) #3 in NL in slugging percentage (.495) Christy Mathewson MLB leader in wins (31) MLB leader in ERA (1.28) NL leader in strikeouts (206) Joe McGinnity #4 in NL in wins (21) Sam Mertes #2 in NL in RBI (108) #4 in NL in stolen bases (52) 1905 World Series NL New York Giants (4) vs AL Philadelphia Athletics (1) References External links 1905 New York Giants season at Baseball Reference New York Giants (NL) seasons New York Giants season New York G National League champion seasons World Series champion seasons 1900s in Manhattan Washington Heights, Manhattan", "title": "1905 New York Giants season" }, { "docid": "13011319", "text": "Willard Mitchell Hunter (March 8, 1935 – February 3, 2021) was an American professional baseball player who pitched in the Major Leagues in and for the Los Angeles Dodgers and New York Mets. Of his 69 games pitched over parts of two seasons in MLB, all but one came as a member of the Mets. He threw left-handed, batted right-handed, and was listed as tall and . In 1964, Hunter became the second Met pitcher to record two wins in a single day. (Craig Anderson had performed the feat first in 1962.) On August 23, 1964, Hunter pitched at the back end of both games of a doubleheader against the Chicago Cubs at Shea Stadium. He gave up no hits or runs in 1 total innings pitched, and in both cases, the Mets rallied to give Hunter the win. Hunter had only three wins for the Mets that season—four in his MLB career—and two came on a single day. Born in Newark, New Jersey, Hunter attended Wake Forest University and signed with the Brooklyn Dodgers in time for the 1955 season. He spent six full years in minor league baseball before making the Dodgers' opening-season 28-man roster in 1962. In his MLB debut, a mop-up assignment against the San Francisco Giants at Candlestick Park, Hunter entered the game in the sixth inning with Los Angeles trailing, 9–1; he was already the Dodgers' fourth pitcher of the day. He lasted two innings, but gave up ten runs, nine of them earned, on six hits and four bases on balls. He was removed for pinch hitter Frank Howard in the Dodgers' eighth inning. San Francisco ended up winning, 19–8. Hunter then was sent to the Triple-A Omaha Dodgers, spent a month in the American Association, and on May 25 was assigned to the Mets as the player to be named later in the December 15, 1961, trade in which Los Angeles acquired outfielder Lee Walls. He then worked in 27 games for the Mets, including six as a starting pitcher. He was credited with a complete game on June 20 in a rain-shortened, six-inning contest against the Milwaukee Braves at the Polo Grounds, but Milwaukee won 3–2 with Hunter absorbing the loss. It was the only complete game of Hunter's big-league career. After Hunter spent the entire season and the outset of 1964 with the Triple-A Buffalo Bisons, he returned to the Mets in June 1964. In 41 games pitched, all of them in relief, he split six total decisions and recorded five saves. His professional career ended with Buffalo in 1965. In Hunter's 69 MLB games and 114 innings pitched, he allowed 127 hits and 47 bases on balls; he struck out 63. He compiled a 4–9 win–loss mark and 5.68 earned run average, with five saves. Hunter died on February 3, 2021, in Omaha, Nebraska. References External links 1935 births 2021 deaths Baseball players from Newark, New Jersey Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players Green Bay Bluejays players Los Angeles Dodgers", "title": "Willard Hunter" }, { "docid": "8103260", "text": "Flying Fox (1896–1911) was a champion British Thoroughbred racehorse who won the 1899 English Triple Crown and was the leading sire in France three times. Background He was sired by Orme who in turn was sired by Ormonde, the 1886 Triple Crown winner. Their victories made owner Hugh Grosvenor, 1st Duke of Westminster, the only person to own two English Triple Crown winners. His dam was the high-strung mare, somewhat aptly named Vampire, by Galopin. Vampire also produced these horses from six matings with Orme: Flying Lemur (£1,325, a stud failure); Vamose (£5,604 and at stud in France with limited success) and Pipistrello (a non-winner and useless as a stallion), Wetaria, and Vane (produced the Royal Hunt Cup and Ebor Handicap winner, Weathervane). Flying Fox was intensely inbred (3m x 2f) to Galopin. Racing career Flying Fox was a very difficult colt to handle and only raced for two years. However, he met with enormous success under trainer John Porter, whom the National Horseracing Museum says was \"undoubtedly the most successful trainer of the Victorian era.\" Flying Fox won three of his five starts at age two, and then at age three went undefeated while becoming only the 8th horse in history to win the Triple Crown. In his sixth and last race of his season and of his career, he won the Jockey Club Stakes at Newmarket. Stud record The Duke of Westminster died near the end of 1899 and the following year Flying Fox and many of the other horses in his stable were put up for auction. Purchased for a record 37,500 guineas by the prominent French sportsman Edmond Blanc, he was brought to Blanc's Haras de Jardy horse breeding operation at Marnes-la-Coquette in what is today part of the western suburbs of Paris. Standing at stud at Haras de Jardy, Flying Fox enjoyed considerable success and was the leading sire in France three times, with his progeny earning £203,400 in prize money. Among his first crop was the colt Ajax, an undefeated winner of the Prix du Jockey Club as well as the Grand Prix de Paris who himself became a leading sire. Ajax was the sire of Teddy, who sired Sir Gallahad III plus the mare La Troienne who is widely regarded as one of the most influential broodmares in the history of modern Thoroughbred breeding. Flying Fox's other progeny included numerous top class winners including Val d'Or and Dagor. Descendants of Flying Fox include Gallant Fox and Citation, the 1930 and 1948 United States Triple Crown Champions and U.S. Hall of Fame colt Coaltown. Flying Fox died at Haras de Jardy on 21 March 1911 at the age of fifteen. His skeleton is at the horse museum at Château de Saumur with a memorial at Eaton Stud in Cheshire, North West England. Honours In 1925 the London & North Eastern Railway (LNER) began a tradition of naming locomotives after winning racehorses; LNER Class A1 locomotive no. 4475 (later no. 106, BR no. 60106) was", "title": "Flying Fox (horse)" }, { "docid": "886204", "text": "Frank M. \"Wildfire\" Schulte (September 17, 1882 – October 2, 1949) was an American outfielder in Major League Baseball (MLB) who played for the Chicago Cubs, Pittsburgh Pirates, Philadelphia Phillies, and Washington Senators from 1904 to 1918. He helped the Cubs win four National League (NL) championships and two World Series. In 1911, Schulte won the NL Chalmers Award, a precursor to the modern-day MVP award; that year, Schulte had become the first of only seven players in history to join the 20–20–20–20 club, hitting 30 doubles, 21 triples, and 21 home runs, and stealing 23 bases. Early life and education Schulte was born in Cochecton, New York, in 1882 to German immigrants. He played independent baseball as a teenager, despite his father's opposition to the idea. From 1902 to 1904, he played for the New York State League's Syracuse Stars. Major League Baseball career Schulte was acquired by the Chicago Cubs in August 1904. Schulte made his Major League Baseball debut for the Cubs in September 1904. He played on the Cubs teams that won National League pennants in 1906, 1907, 1908, and 1910. They won the World Series in 1907 and 1908. In his four World Series appearances, Schulte had an overall batting average of .321. In 1910, Schulte led the NL with 10 home runs. In 1911, he led the NL in home runs (21), runs batted in (107), and slugging percentage (.534). He also became the first player in major league history to have more than 20 doubles, triples, home runs, and stolen bases in a season. The feat was not accomplished again until Willie Mays did it in 1957. Schulte won the 1911 NL Chalmers Award, making Schulte along with Ty Cobb the first major league players to have been considered \"Most Valuable Player\" for a season. In July 1916, Schulte was traded to the Pittsburgh Pirates. His hitting declined, and he then played for the Philadelphia Phillies and Washington Senators until the 1918 season, his last as a major leaguer. Schulte played in the International League and Pacific Coast League from 1919 to 1922. In 1,806 MLB games over 15 seasons, Schulte posted a .270 batting average (1766-for-6533) with 906 runs, 288 doubles, 124 triples, 92 home runs, 793 runs batted in, 233 stolen bases, 545 bases on balls, a .332 on-base percentage, and a .395 slugging percentage. He finished his career with a .966 fielding percentage. Personal life Schulte acquired his nickname, \"Wildfire\", after seeing a play called \"Wildfire\" in Mississippi. He then named one of his race horses \"Wildfire\" and was eventually known by that name, as well. Schulte married his wife, Mabel Kirby, in 1911. He eventually settled in Oakland, California. Death Schulte died in Oakland, California on October 2, 1949, at age 67. See also List of Major League Baseball career triples leaders List of Major League Baseball annual home run leaders List of Major League Baseball annual triples leaders List of Major League Baseball annual runs batted in leaders", "title": "Frank Schulte" }, { "docid": "69668836", "text": "The Triple Crown refers to winning the three most prestigious tournaments in the Professional Darts Corporation: the World Championship, Premier League Darts, and the World Matchplay. Players who win all three tournaments over the course of their career are said to have won the PDC Triple Crown. Three professional players have won a career PDC Triple Crown: Phil Taylor, Michael van Gerwen, and Gary Anderson. Taylor has won the most Triple Crown titles, with 36, while van Gerwen has won 13 and Anderson 5. Only Taylor has won all three Triple Crown events in a single season, accomplishing this feat twice (in 2006 and 2010). History In 1994, the World Championship was held for the first time, with Dennis Priestley winning the first PDC Triple Crown event, the only such win of his career. Larry Butler became the first winner of the World Matchplay that same year, and this also the only Triple Crown event he won. In 2005, the first Premier League was held, with 7 players taking part. The event was won by Phil Taylor, who became the first player to win a career PDC Triple Crown in the process. Career Triple Crown winners Three players have completed a career Triple Crown: Phil Taylor, Michael van Gerwen, and Gary Anderson. Only Taylor has won all three Triple Crown events in the same year, a feat he achieved twice, in 2006 and 2010. After winning the World Championship in 2017, van Gerwen held all 3 Triple Crown titles simultaneously (having won both the Premier League and the Matchplay in 2016). Other tournament winners One win away from Triple Crown James Wade has won the Premier League and World Matchplay once each, meaning he needs to win the World Championship to complete the Triple Crown. Peter Wright is yet to win the Premier League, but does have two World Championship titles and a World Matchplay title to his name. With three Triple Crown competition wins, he has the highest number of Triple Crown titles of any player who has not completed the set. Rob Cross also needs to win the Premier League to complete the Triple Crown having won the World Championship in 2018 and World Matchplay in 2019. Raymond van Barneveld has won the Premier League and World Championship once each, and needs to win a Matchplay to complete the set. Wright, van Barneveld and Cross have all reached the final of their respective missing Triple Crown tournaments, whereas James Wade is a four-time World Championship semi-finalist. References Professional Darts Corporation tournaments World Matchplay (darts) Premier League Darts Darts tournaments", "title": "Professional Darts Corporation Triple Crown" }, { "docid": "12206234", "text": "The 1998 Toronto Blue Jays season was the franchise's 22nd season of Major League Baseball. It resulted in the Blue Jays finishing third in the American League East with a record of 88 wins and 74 losses, which was their best record since their 1993 World Series-winning season; the 88 wins were not surpassed until 2015. With the disappointing last-place finish of the previous year, General Manager Gord Ash once again dug into the wallet to improve the team, signing reliever Randy Myers and slugger José Canseco as free agents. Though the team improved noticeably (thanks to another pitching Triple Crown and Cy Young Award-winning campaign by ace hurler Roger Clemens and a powerful lineup that featured Canseco, Carlos Delgado, Shawn Green, and José Cruz Jr.), they could not finish ahead of the New York Yankees or the Boston Red Sox, who won 114 and 92 games en route to winning the division crown and wild card respectively. Transactions Transactions by the Toronto Blue Jays during the off-season before the 1998 season. October 1997 November 1997 December 1997 January 1998 February 1998 March 1998 Regular season Season standings Record vs. opponents Transactions Transactions for the Toronto Blue Jays during the 1998 regular season. April 1998 May 1998 June 1998 July 1998 August 1998 September 1998 1998 MLB Draft June 2, 1998: Felipe López was drafted by the Toronto Blue Jays in the 1st round (8th pick) of the 1998 amateur draft. Player signed August 11, 1998. Roster Game log \|- align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"bbffbb\" \| 1 \|\| April 1 \|\| Twins \|\| 3 – 2 \|\| Clemens (1-0) \|\| Tewksbury (0-1) \|\| Myers (1) \|\| 41,387 \|\| 1-0 \|- align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"ffbbbb\" \| 2 \|\| April 2 \|\| Twins \|\| 3 – 2 \|\| Guardado (1-0) \|\| Escobar (0-1) \|\| Aguilera (1) \|\| 25,584 \|\| 1-1 \|- align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"ffbbbb\" \| 3 \|\| April 3 \|\| Rangers \|\| 5 – 0 \|\| Helling (1-0) \|\| Guzmán (0-1) \|\| \|\| 25,509 \|\| 1-2 \|- align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"bbffbb\" \| 4 \|\| April 4 \|\| Rangers \|\| 9 – 2 \|\| Williams (1-0) \|\| Oliver (0-1) \|\| \|\| 30,156 \|\| 2-2 \|- align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"ffbbbb\" \| 5 \|\| April 5 \|\| Rangers \|\| 6 – 5 \|\| Burkett (1-1) \|\| Risley (0-1) \|\| Wetteland (1) \|\| 28,106 \|\| 2-3 \|- align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"ffbbbb\" \| 6 \|\| April 7 \|\| @ Twins \|\| 12 – 2 \|\| Tewksbury (1-1) \|\| Clemens (1-1) \|\| \|\| 8,421 \|\| 2-4 \|- align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"bbffbb\" \| 7 \|\| April 8 \|\| @ Twins \|\| 9 – 6 \|\| Hentgen (1-0) \|\| Hawkins (0-1) \|\| Myers (2) \|\| 8,532 \|\| 3-4 \|- align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"ffbbbb\" \| 8 \|\| April 9 \|\| @ Twins \|\| 13 – 2 \|\| Radke (1-1) \|\| Guzmán (0-2) \|\| \|\| 9,075 \|\| 3-5 \|- align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"ffbbbb\" \| 9 \|\| April 10 \|\| @ Rangers \|\| 4 – 3 \|\| Helling (2-0) \|\| Plesac (0-1) \|\| Wetteland (2) \|\| 32,314 \|\| 3-6 \|- align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"bbffbb\" \| 10 \|\| April 11 \|\| @ Rangers \|\|", "title": "1998 Toronto Blue Jays season" }, { "docid": "21006358", "text": "Georges Henri Maranda (January 15, 1932 – July 14, 2000) was a Canadian professional baseball player and a member of the Québec Baseball Hall of Fame. The right-handed pitcher appeared in 49 Major League Baseball games, including eight starts, for the San Francisco Giants and the Minnesota Twins. Born in Lévis, Québec, Maranda stood tall and weighed (13 stone, 13 pounds). Maranda signed with the Boston Braves in 1951. In 1959, he was one of three pitchers from Quebec, along with Ron Piché and Claude Raymond, on the roster of the Triple-A Louisville Colonels. Maranda won 18 games and lost only six in 1959; he led American Association pitchers in wins and was selected a league All-Star. He was acquired by the Giants in the Rule 5 draft that off-season. He then spent the entire 1960 season on the San Francisco roster, working in 17 games, with four starts. On August 21, he earned his first MLB win when he went seven innings in a start at Wrigley Field against the Chicago Cubs, and held the home team to seven hits and three earned runs. The Giants won the game, 5–3. However, this became Maranda's only victory (against four losses) in that 1960 campaign. He was assigned to Triple-A Tacoma at the close of the year and spent all of 1961 in the Pacific Coast League, posting a 10–4 win–loss record through 32 games. The Twins then selected Maranda in the 1961 Rule 5 draft and kept him on their roster for the 1962 campaign. On June 22, he made a spot start (just his second of the season) against the Los Angeles Angels at Metropolitan Stadium, leaving the game for a pinch hitter in the fifth inning, trailing 2–0. Minnesota then rallied in that inning to take a 3–2 lead, which they held for the rest of the game. It was Maranda's only triumph as a member of the Twins and his second and last MLB victory. A week after the season ended, Maranda was traded to the Cleveland Indians, after which he never again pitched in the big leagues, retiring after spending the 1963 season with the Triple-A Jacksonville. In his 49 MLB games, Maranda lost seven of nine decisions (.222) and posted a 4.52 earned run average in 123 innings pitched, allowing 119 hits, 16 home runs and 65 bases on balls, while fanning 64. He registered no complete games, shutouts or saves. In 1973–1974, he coached the Québec Carnavals in the Eastern League. Also in 1973, his hometown of Lévis, Québec, honoured him by naming its baseball park the George Maranda Stadium. In June, 2000, he was elected to the Québec Baseball Hall of Fame. Georges Maranda is interred in the Mont-Marie Cemetery, Lévis, Chaudiere-Appalaches Region, Quebec, Canada. References External links 1932 births 2000 deaths Atlanta Crackers players Austin Senators players Baseball people from Quebec Canadian expatriate baseball players in the United States Eau Claire Braves players Jacksonville Suns players Louisville Colonels (minor league) players Major", "title": "Georges Maranda" }, { "docid": "2933241", "text": "Randy William Bass (born March 13, 1954) is an American politician and former baseball player. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) and Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB), and served in the Oklahoma Senate. Bass made his MLB debut in 1977, playing with five different teams over six seasons. He moved to NPB in 1983, signing with the Hanshin Tigers, whom he led to a Japan Series title in 1985. Bass twice won the batting Triple Crown in NPB and still holds the highest single-season batting average. He is considered one of the greatest American players in Japanese baseball history, and was inducted into the Japanese Baseball Hall of Fame in 2023. From 2005 to 2019, Bass represented the 32nd district in the Oklahoma Senate as a member of the Democratic Party. Baseball career American baseball career Bass attended Lawton High School and was named all-state in baseball and football. He received college football scholarship offers from Kansas State University and the University of Oklahoma. The Minnesota Twins selected Bass in the seventh round of the 1972 MLB draft out of Lawton High School. He signed with the Twins rather than attend college. Bass made his MLB debut as a first baseman in . He was blocked at first base by Rod Carew and ran out of options after the 1977 season. In April 1978, the Twins sold Bass outright to the Triple-A Toledo Mud Hens, who sold him to the Triple-A Omaha Royals. The Royals traded Bass to the Montreal Expos for Lamont Harris in April 1979. In August 1980, the Expos traded Bass to the San Diego Padres for John D'Acquisto. The Texas Rangers acquired Bass from the Padres on waivers in May 1982. In his six seasons in the Major Leagues (divided among five teams), he was never an everyday player, usually coming off the bench to pinch hit. Bass posted a .212 batting average in 325 at-bats with nine home runs and 42 runs batted in in 130 games played. Japanese baseball career After his contract expired following the season, Bass signed with the Hanshin Tigers of Nippon Professional Baseball's Central League, who made him their starting first baseman. Bass is often credited with single-handedly turning around the fortunes of the Tigers, which ultimately resulted in the team's pennant run and Japan Series title in . Bass adapted quickly to Japanese pitching, hitting 35 home runs in his first season in 1983, and became the Tigers' star slugger for several seasons. He won four consecutive league batting titles; in 1986, he nearly became the first player in Japan to bat .400, finishing the season with a .389 average, a record that still stands, despite Ichiro Suzuki's formidable challenges to it in and . Bass won consecutive batting Triple Crowns (1985 and 1986). In 1985, he challenged Sadaharu Oh's record of 55 home runs in a single season, but finished the year with 54. In the last game of the season, the pitcher for the Yomiuri Giants –", "title": "Randy Bass" }, { "docid": "5765548", "text": "Thomas Stephen Gorzelanny (born July 12, 1982) is a former American professional baseball pitcher who is currently the pitching coach for the minor league Amarillo Sod Poodles. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Pittsburgh Pirates, Chicago Cubs, Washington Nationals, Milwaukee Brewers, Detroit Tigers and Cleveland Indians. Early life Tom Gorzelanny was born to Susan and Bob Gorzelanny in Evergreen Park, Illinois, and grew up in Chicago and Oak Forest, Illinois. He graduated from Marist High School in 2000. Professional career Pittsburgh Pirates Gorzelanny was drafted in the 38th round of the 2000 MLB Draft by the Chicago White Sox but chose to play college baseball rather than immediately pursuing a professional career. He redshirted in his first year at University of Kansas and posted 3–7 record with a 5.90 earned run average as a freshman with the Kansas Jayhawks. He transferred to Triton College and was drafted in the second round (45th overall) of the 2003 MLB Draft by the Pittsburgh Pirates. Gorzelanny began his career in with the Double-A Altoona Curve. He made his Major League debut with the Pirates in September, starting against the Houston Astros and pitching innings, receiving the loss. At the beginning of the season, he was optioned to Triple-A Indianapolis Indians. Gorzelanny was selected to play for the US team in the 2006 All-Star Futures Game, but was ineligible due to being called up by the Pirates. On June 29, 2006, the Pirates called Gorzelanny up to replace Oliver Pérez in the starting rotation. He made his season debut on July 1, 2006, against the Detroit Tigers. In 11 games, he was 2–5 with a 3.79 ERA. Gorzelanny earned a regular spot in the rotation in the season. He was one of five players in the National League that would be chosen from a final fan vote for the last spot on the NL roster for the 2007 MLB All-Star Game. Gorzelanny went on to compile a 14–10 season for the Pirates, leading the Pirates in wins and finishing with over 200 innings and an ERA of 3.88. After a difficult start to the first half of the season, Gorzelanny was optioned to Triple-A Indianapolis in July. He was recalled to Pittsburgh several weeks later after a successful tenure in Indianapolis, but ultimately failed to regain his 2007 form. He finished the 2008 season 6–9 with a 6.66 ERA. After Spring Training, Gorzelanny began the season at Triple-A Indianapolis. In May, he was recalled to pitch from the bullpen after injuries to the Pirates' roster. He was optioned back to Triple-A after several weeks with Pittsburgh. In nine appearances with Pittsburgh, he was 3–1 with a 5.19 ERA. Chicago Cubs Gorzelanny was traded on July 30, 2009, to the Chicago Cubs along with John Grabow for Kevin Hart, José Ascanio, and minor league third baseman Josh Harrison, and assigned to the Chicago Cubs Triple-A affiliate, the Iowa Cubs. He was called up to start on August 4, 2009, and got his", "title": "Tom Gorzelanny" }, { "docid": "16656366", "text": "Evon Daniel \"Denny\" Williams (December 13, 1896 – March 23, 1929) was a professional baseball player whose career spanned eight seasons, three of which were spent in Major League Baseball (MLB) with the Cincinnati Reds (1921) and Boston Red Sox (1924–25, 1928). Over his MLB career, Williams batted .259 with 46 runs scored, 85 hits, four doubles, three triples, and 18 runs batted in (RBIs) in 120 games played. Williams spent the majority of his career in the minor leagues with the Moose Jaw Robin Hoods (1920), Joplin Miners (1921), Mobile Bears (1922–24, 1926–27) and Baltimore Orioles (1928). During spring training in 1929, Williams was a member of the minor league Portland Beavers when he was killed in an automobile accident. He stood at and weighed . Williams batted left-handed, while throwing right. Early and personal life Evon Daniel \"Denny\" Williams was born on December 13, 1896, in Portland, Oregon. His father, Daniel Williams, who was from Ohio, worked for the Glaser Glass Company in Portland. Denny Williams had six siblings: sisters Mary, Sarah and Catherine; and brothers John, William and Thomas. In October 1925, Denny Williams married Thelma Elizabeth Duff of Boston, Massachusetts. Professional career Early minor league career and Cincinnati Reds (1920–23) Before the start of the 1920 season, Williams was signed by the minor league Moose Jaw Robin Hoods of the Class-B Western Canada League. On the season, he batted .322 with 158 hits in 117 games played. He finished second in the league in hits behind Chicken Hawks. At the end of the season, the Major League Baseball (MLB) Cincinnati Reds purchased Williams from the Moose Jaw club. On March 5, 1921, Williams reported to spring training with the Reds. During spring training, he played right field for the first time in his career. Towards the end of spring training, the United Press International speculated that Williams would the Reds' starting outfielder going into the regular season. He made the Cincinnati club out of spring training. On April 15, Williams made his MLB debut as a pinch hitter against the Pittsburgh Pirates. Six of Williams' appearances with the Reds that season were as a pinch hitter and four of them were as a pinch runner. Defensively, he played one game in left field. Williams' last MLB appearance of the season came on June 1, against the St. Louis Cardinals. With the Red that year, he went hitless with two strikeouts in seven games played. In June 1921, Williams was farmed out by the Cincinnati Reds to the minor league Joplin Miners of the Class-A Western League. With the Miners, he batted .320 with 65 hits, six doubles, six triples and one home run in 56 games played. On July 29, Williams was released by the Joplin club. At the start of the 1922 season, Williams signed with the Mobile Bears of the Class-A Southern Association. On September 25, Williams hit a home run in the tenth inning, which gave Mobile the win against Fort Worth Panthers", "title": "Denny Williams" }, { "docid": "14090008", "text": "The 1915 Philadelphia Phillies season was a season in American baseball. It involved the Phillies winning the National League, then going on to lose the World Series to the Boston Red Sox. This was the team's first pennant since joining the league in 1883. It would have to wait another thirty-five years for its second — and another sixty-five years for its first World Championship. Offseason February 14, 1915: Sherry Magee was traded by the Phillies to the Boston Braves for Oscar Dugey, Possum Whitted, and cash. Regular season The pitching staff allowed the fewest runs in the NL. It was led by Hall of Famer Grover Cleveland Alexander, who had one of the greatest seasons in history and won the pitching triple crown. Outfielder Gavvy Cravath, aided by the small Baker Bowl park, led the majors in home runs, runs batted in, and slugging percentage. Season standings Record vs. opponents Roster Player stats Batting Starters by position Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in Other batters Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in Pitching Starting pitchers Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts Other pitchers Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts Relief pitchers Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts Awards and honors League top five finishers Grover Cleveland Alexander MLB leader in wins (31) MLB leader in ERA (1.22) MLB leader in strikeouts (241) MLB leader in shutouts (12) Dave Bancroft #3 in NL in runs scored (85) Gavvy Cravath MLB leader in home runs (24) MLB leader in RBI (115) MLB leader in slugging percentage (.510) NL leader in runs scored (89) NL leader in on-base percentage (.393) Fred Luderus #2 in NL in batting average (.315) #2 in NL in slugging percentage (.457) Erskine Mayer #3 in NL in wins (21) Postseason 1915 World Series Game 1 The Phillies won 3 to 1, although The New York Times reporter Hugh Fullerton wrote, \"Alexander pitched a bad game of ball. He had little or nothing.\" He titled his article, \"Nothing but luck saved the Phillies.\" The Times also reported that 10,000 people gathered in New York City's Times Square to watch a real-time mechanical recreation of the game on a giant scoreboard sponsored by the newspaper. October 8, 1915, at Baker Bowl in Philadelphia Game 2 October 9, 1915, at Baker Bowl in Philadelphia Game 3 October 11, 1915, at Braves Field in Boston, Massachusetts Game 4 October 12, 1915, at Braves Field in Boston, Massachusetts Game 5 October 13,", "title": "1915 Philadelphia Phillies season" }, { "docid": "16041815", "text": "The 1918 major league baseball season began on April 15, 1918. The regular season ended earlier than originally scheduled, September 2, because of a reduced schedule due to American participation in World War I. The National League and American League champions were the Chicago Cubs and Boston Red Sox, respectively. The postseason began with Game 1 of the 15th World Series on September 5 and ended with Game 6 on September 11. The Red Sox defeated the Cubs, four games to two. Teams Schedule Scheduled start Opening Day took place on April 15 with four American League teams playing, the Philadelphia Athletics at Boston Red Sox, and the New York Yankees at Washington Senators. Shortened season With World War I ongoing, a \"work or fight\" mandate was issued by the government, requiring men with non-essential jobs to enlist or take war-related jobs by July 1, or else risk being drafted. Secretary of War Newton D. Baker granted an extension to MLB players through Labor Day, September 2. In early August, MLB clubs decided that the regular season would end at that time. As a result, the number of regular-season games that each team played varied—123 to 130 for AL teams and 124 to 131 for NL teams, including ties—reduced from their original 154-game schedules. Later in August, Baker granted a further extension to allow for the World Series to be contested; it began on September 5 and ended on September 11. World War I would end two months later, with the Armistice of 11 November 1918. Standings American League National League Postseason Bracket Managers American League National League League leaders American League 1 American League Triple Crown pitching winner National League 1 National League Triple Crown pitching winner Home field attendance Notable events September 2 – In the last game of the season, against the Chicago White Sox, Detroit Tigers centerfielder Ty Cobb fields at third base and also pitches, yielding three hits and one run in two innings. References External links 1918 Major League Baseball season schedule at Baseball Reference Retrieved January 14, 2018 Major League Baseball seasons", "title": "1918 Major League Baseball season" }, { "docid": "34573318", "text": "Marwin Javier González (born March 14, 1989) is a Venezuelan professional baseball utility player for the Orix Buffaloes of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB). González was signed as an international free agent by the Chicago Cubs in 2005. He made his Major League Baseball (MLB) debut in 2012. He has played 11 seasons in MLB for the Houston Astros, Minnesota Twins, Boston Red Sox and New York Yankees. González has appeared at every position in MLB except for catcher. Professional career Minor leagues González was signed as an international free agent by the Chicago Cubs on November 23, 2005. From 2006 through 2011, he played in the Cubs' farm system, reaching the Triple-A level in 2011 with the Iowa Cubs. He was an infielder through 2008, then also started to play as an outfielder in 2009. The Boston Red Sox selected González from the Cubs in the 2011 Rule 5 draft, and then traded him to the Houston Astros for pitcher Marco Duarte. Houston Astros In 2012, González made the Astros' Opening Day roster. He played 80 games with the Astros and 13 games in Triple-A with the Oklahoma City RedHawks. With Houston, he batted .234 with two home runs and 12 runs batted in (RBIs). During 2013, González again split time between MLB (72 games) and Triple-A (44 games). With the Astros on April 2, González broke up a perfect game bid by Yu Darvish of the Texas Rangers with two outs in the bottom of the ninth inning. For the season with Houston, he batted .221 with four home runs and 14 RBIs. González spent all of the next five seasons in MLB, with Houston. From 2014 through 2016, he batted a combined .268 with 31 home runs and 108 RBIs in 364 games. He set a major league record by hitting his first 25 MLB home runs with no one on base. That streak was broken when he hit a home run on May 6, 2016, with Evan Gattis on second base. In 2017, González had a slash line of .303/.377/.530, while seeing the lowest percentage of fastballs of all MLB hitters (45.7%). He received six votes in AL MVP balloting, finishing 19th. In Game 2 of the 2017 World Series, González hit a home run in the ninth inning off of Los Angeles Dodgers closer Kenley Jansen to tie the score at 3–3, as the Astros went on to win in 11 innings, 7–6. The World Series lasted seven games, and the Astros became MLB champions for the first time in franchise history. In 2020, it was revealed during the Houston Astros sign stealing scandal that the Astros broke MLB rules during the 2017 season. Analysis of videos during the season found that González received more “bangs” than any other player on the team, and received bangs on the second highest percentage of pitches seen. Note that, since bangs indicated an off-speed or breaking pitch, this is to some extent expected for a player who sees fewer", "title": "Marwin González" }, { "docid": "3480070", "text": "The triple crown of bridge is a career achievement in duplicate bridge, namely winning the three marquee Open world championships conducted by the World Bridge Federation. The Bermuda Bowl is now contested by national teams in odd-number years. The Olympiad Open Teams, contested by national teams in Olympic years, has been incorporated in the World Mind Sports Games (WMSG). The Olympiad Open Pairs, now World Open Pairs Championship, is contested in non-Olympic even-number years. The Bermuda Bowl was inaugurated in 1950, eight years before the World Bridge Federation was established with the general purpose to conduct world championships at bridge. There were 23 renditions to 1977, when it became biennial. The Teams and Pairs \"Olympiads\", as they were both called when inaugurated by the WBF in 1960 and 1962, have always been quadrennial. Pierre Jaïs and Roger Trézel of France won both of the inaugural Olympiads; thus, as 1956 Bermuda Bowl champions, they achieved the triple crown on the earliest possible occasion. Ten players have accomplished the feat, although two of them (Fantoni and Nunes) were convicted of cheating in 2016 and banned for life from playing with each other. Bold highlights the year each player completed the triple crown. These ten players have all achieved the triple crown playing together, in five partnerships. That need not be so. Indeed, the World Open Pairs is not restricted to entries by two players who are from the same bridge nation, although most entries are from one nation, as are most established partnerships. Marcelo Branco alone first achieved the triple crown personally before he and one partner achieved it playing together—one year earlier. No one has achieved this triple crown in three years, which is possible from any even-number year to the next. Fulvio Fantoni and Claudio Nunes first achieved it in the four-year span, in 2002 and 2004–2005. In 2006, as defending champions in the quadrennial World Open Pairs Championship, a win would have secured \"Fantunes\" a consecutive triple crown. They finished third, the closest for any pair to defend its Pairs title. Fulvio Fantoni and Claudio Nunes were later found cheating, and are currently barred from play by multiple bridge associations. The latest entrant to this list is Bobby Levin - Bermuda bowl in 1981 (partnering Russell Arnold), Open teams in 2022, and open pairs in 2010. The latter two with his current regular partner - Steve Weinstein. Women There are parallel events restricted to Women, contested in the same WBF meets. That has been true from the original Olympiad Teams and Pairs tournaments in 1960 and 1962, and from 1985 for the Venice Cup alongside the Bermuda Bowl. The Venice Cup trophy was first contested in 1974, first as a WBF world championship in 1978 A single world championship meet, with events for Open and Women teams, was conducted by the International Bridge League in 1937. Austria was a double winner and one of its women players, Rixi Scharfstein, completed a unique triple crown in the 1960s. Now Rixi", "title": "Triple crown of bridge" }, { "docid": "15711387", "text": "The 1901 major league baseball season was contested from April 18 through October 6, 1901. It was the inaugural season for the American League (AL), with the Chicago White Stockings finishing first in league standings. In the National League (NL), in operation since 1876, the Pittsburgh Pirates finished atop the league standings. There was no postseason. Teams Schedule The 1901 schedule consisted of 140 games for all teams in the American League and National League, each of which had eight teams. Each team was scheduled to play 20 games against the other seven teams of their respective league. This format had previously been used by the National League during their – seasons. This format would last until , which saw an increase of games played. National League Opening Day took place on April 18 with a game between the Brooklyn Superbas and the Philadelphia Phillies, while American League Opening Day did not take place until April 24, with a game between the Chicago White Stockings and the Cleveland Bluebirds. The American League would see its final day of the season on September 28, while the National League would see its final day of the season on October 6. Rule changes On February 27, 1901, the National League Rules Committee announced several rule changes, effective immediately. All foul balls are to count as strike balls, except after two strikes. Previously, foul balls would not affect the count. To cut the cost of lost foul balls, the committee urges that batters who foul off good strikes are to be disciplined. The American League will not adopt this rule until the 1903 season. catchers must play within 10 feet of the batter A ball will be called if the pitcher does not throw to a ready and waiting batter within 20 seconds Players using indecent or improper language will be banished by the umpire. A ball will be called when a batter is hit by a pitch. Further changes were made in April: In a mail vote, the owners will rescinded the new hit by pitch rule, restoring the rule that a HBP will earn a batter first base. Standings American League National League Managers American League National League League leaders American League 1 American League Triple Crown batting winner 2 American League Triple Crown pitching winner National League Milestones Batters Nap Lajoie (PHA): Became the fourth player in MLB history and the first in American League history to win the Triple Crown, an achievement of leading a league in batting average, home runs, and runs batted in (RBI) over the same season. Pitchers Cy Young (BSA): Won the pitching triple crown. Home field attendance References External links 1901 in baseball history from ThisGreatGame.com 1901 Major League Baseball season schedule at Baseball Reference Major League Baseball seasons", "title": "1901 Major League Baseball season" }, { "docid": "24438901", "text": "Donald Wellington Shaw (born February 23, 1944) is an American former professional baseball pitcher who appeared in 138 games over all or parts of five seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) between and for the New York Mets, Montreal Expos, St. Louis Cardinals and Oakland Athletics. He was the winning pitcher in the Expos' first-ever game in franchise history against the Mets at Shea Stadium in New York City in April 1969. Early career A left hander listed as tall and , Shaw was born in Pittsburgh but graduated from Grover Cleveland High School in Reseda, California, in Los Angeles' San Fernando Valley. He attended San Diego State University on a baseball scholarship and was selected by the Mets in the 35th round in the 1965 Major League Baseball draft. After two seasons in New York's farm system, Shaw made the 1967 Mets' roster out of spring training and spent his entire rookie campaign with them, working in 40 games, all in relief, and posting a 4–5 record and three saves, with a 2.98 earned run average. Won Expos' first-ever game Shaw spent most of with Triple-A Jacksonville. The Mets exposed him to the expansion draft, and Montreal chose him with their 21st selection, 40th overall. After making the Expos' maiden roster, he entered the first National League game in their history on Opening Day, April 8, 1969, in the sixth inning with the score tied, 6–6. He hurled three hitless innings, walking two, as Montreal surged in front, 11–6, aided by home runs from Rusty Staub and Coco Laboy. Shaw struggled in the ninth inning, allowing a walk and three hits, including a three-run, pinch-hit home run by Duffy Dyer, but he departed with Montreal still ahead 11–10. Carroll Sembera, who relieved him, put the tying and winning runs on base before nailing down the save. With Shaw making 35 appearances, the 1969 Expos would go on to lose 110 games in and finish last in their division; the \"Miracle Mets\" would stun baseball by winning the National League pennant and 1969 World Series. 1971 campaign Shaw started the 1970 season in Triple-A, and his contract was sold to the Cardinals in mid-May; he got into only 14 games all year due to a broken hand and didn't return to MLB until April 1971, when he was recalled from Tulsa and added to the St. Louis bullpen corps. Shaw responded with ten consecutive scoreless relief appearances, not allowing a run between April 29 and June 2, and picking up two wins and a save. Shaw finished with a 2.65 earned run average and a 7–2 won–lost mark. However, a sore shoulder hampered him in ; he worked in only three full innings in eight early-season games before the Cardinals sold his contract to the Oakland Athletics. After making three appearances, Oakland sent him to Triple-A Iowa. He played in the high minors through 1973 and then retired from professional baseball. In his 138 MLB games, Shaw compiled a 13–14", "title": "Don Shaw (baseball)" }, { "docid": "22534125", "text": "Deputed Testamony (May 7, 1980 – September 18, 2012) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse best known for winning the Preakness Stakes. Deputed Testamony is the last of eight Maryland-breds to win the Preakness Stakes and is one of only eleven colts from the state to win a Triple Crown race. Upon the death of Danzig Connection in 2010, he became the last living thoroughbred to win a Triple Crown race during the decade of the 1980s. Deputed Testamony died on September 18, 2012, aged 32. Background Bred and raced by Bonita Farm and Francis P. Sears, Deputed Testamony was trained by J. William Boniface of Bonita Farm. His sire was Traffic Cop and his dam was Proof Requested. Damsire Prove It was a multiple stakes winner whose victories included the prestigious Santa Anita Handicap (1961) and Hollywood Gold Cup (1962). Early racing career The colt made seven starts at age two, notably winning the one mile Play The Palace Stakes at the Meadowlands Racetrack in track record time. In his three-year-old season, Deputed Testamony did not run in the Kentucky Derby. Leading up to his win in the Preakness Stakes, the second leg U.S. Triple Crown series, he won the Keystone Stakes at Pennsylvania's Keystone Racetrack and the Federico Tesio Stakes at Pimlico Race Course in Baltimore, Maryland. Later racing career After defeating Kentucky Derby winner Sunny's Halo in the Preakness at Pimlico, Deputed Testamony finished sixth to winner Caveat in the third leg of the Triple Crown: the Belmont Stakes at Elmont, New York. Racing at Bowie Race Track in Maryland, the colt won the Governor's Cup Handicap and scored his second Grade I win of the year in the Haskell Invitational Handicap at Monmouth Park Racetrack in New Jersey. At age four in 1984, Deputed Testamony returned to race two more times, winning both starts. In his second win, at Pimlico Race Course, he set the second track record of his career in the 11/16 mile City of Baltimore Handicap but came out of it with an injury that ended his racing career. According to Boniface, his trainer, Deputed Testamony never raced on any kind of medication during his career. The contrast between his \"hay, oats, and water\" regimen and a controversy involving other horses in the 1983 Preakness (where some out-of-state trainers sued to be allowed to race their horses on Lasix, which was banned in Maryland at the time) was the subject of a feature article in Sports Illustrated following his victory. The Deputed Testamony Stakes, held in February at Laurel Park Racecourse in Laurel, Maryland, since 1985, is named after him. As a sire Syndicated and retired to stud at his Bonita Farm, Deputed Testamony sired progeny that met with modest racing success. However, he is the damsire of: Whitmore's Conn - won the Grade I Sword Dancer (2003) and had back-to-back wins in the Grade III Bowling Green Handicap (2002–2003). Bellamy Road - George Steinbrenner's winner of the Grade I Wood Memorial Stakes (2005)", "title": "Deputed Testamony" }, { "docid": "63413230", "text": "The Triple Crown of Motorsport is an unofficial achievement for motor racing drivers that is generally regarded as winning motorsport's three most prestigious races. These annual events are the 24 Hours of Le Mans endurance race at the Circuit de la Sarthe, the Indianapolis 500 for American open-wheel racing cars at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway, and the Monaco Grand Prix for Formula One cars at the Circuit de Monaco. The Indianapolis 500 was introduced in 1911, followed by the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 1923 and the Monaco Grand Prix in 1929. All of the races are held between the months of May and June. As the Indianapolis 500 and the Monaco Grand Prix are both traditionally held on the last weekend of May, it is impossible for modern drivers to enter all three Triple Crown events in the same year. No trophy is awarded to the driver who completes the Triple Crown. , 257 drivers from 23 different countries have won a Triple Crown race and only Graham Hill has completed the Triple Crown. Tom Kristensen has won the most Triple Crown races with nine victories, all at the 24 Hours of Le Mans, which is a record for the most victories at the event; Hill claimed two fewer in total, including five victories at Monaco. Ayrton Senna won six Triple Crown events, all at the Monaco Grand Prix, placing him alongside Jacky Ickx in joint-third overall and breaking Hill's record for the most race wins at Monaco. With four victories each, Hélio Castroneves, A. J. Foyt, Rick Mears and Al Unser hold the joint record for the most Indianapolis 500 wins. There have been 19 drivers who have partaken in all three Triple Crown races and have achieved victory in at least one of them. No one has won all three Triple Crown races during the course of a calendar year. Fernando Alonso, Foyt, Bruce McLaren, Juan Pablo Montoya, Tazio Nuvolari, Jochen Rindt and Maurice Trintignant are the seven drivers to have won two of the three Triple Crown events. Of those seven, only Montoya has won both the Indianapolis 500 and the Monaco Grand Prix, while only Foyt has won both the 24 Hours of Le Mans and the Indianapolis 500. The remaining five won both the 24 Hours of Le Mans and the Monaco Grand Prix. Winners Notes References Bibliography Sports car racing Formula One Monaco Grand Prix 24 Hours of Le Mans Indianapolis 500", "title": "List of winners of Triple Crown of Motorsport races" }, { "docid": "692479", "text": "In rugby union, the Triple Crown is an honour contested annually by the \"Home Nations\" – i.e. England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales who compete within the larger Six Nations Championship. If any one of these teams defeat all three other teams, they win the Triple Crown. The Six Nations Championship also includes France and Italy, but their involvement in the tournament has no influence on the result of the Triple Crown, although it means that the winners of the Triple Crown are not necessarily the winners of the Championship as a whole. England won the first Triple Crown – although the phrase was not in use at the time – in the inaugural 1883 series of the original rugby union Home Nations Championship. The latest winners of the Triple Crown are Ireland, who won it by beating England at the Aviva Stadium in the 2023 Six Nations Championship. Traditionally the Triple Crown was an informal honour with no trophy associated with it. However a trophy now exists, which has been awarded to Triple Crown winners since 2006. Name The origins of the name Triple Crown are uncertain. The concept dates to the original Home Nations Championship, predecessor of the Six Nations Championship, when the competition only involved England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. Like the modern Grand Slam, the Triple Crown was an informal honour to a team that won the Championship with straight victories. The first use cited in the Oxford English Dictionary is from Whitaker's Almanack, 1900 (referring to the 1899 tournament): \"In their last match at Cardiff against Wales, Ireland won by a try to nothing, securing the triple crown with three straight victories as in 1894.\" The Irish victory in 1894 was reported as a Triple Crown by The Irish Times at the time and is possibly the first time the phrase was seen in print. The phrase Triple Crown is also used in a number of other sports. Trophy history Until 2006, no actual trophy was awarded to the winner of the Triple Crown, hence it was sometimes referred to as the \"invisible cup\". Dave Merrington, a retired miner from South Hetton, County Durham, fashioned an aspiring trophy in 1975 from a lump of coal hewn from the Haig Colliery in Cumbria. This has a crown sitting on a four-sided base on which are represented a rose, a shamrock, a thistle and the Prince of Wales's feathers. It is kept in the Museum of Rugby at Twickenham. For the 2006 Six Nations, the Royal Bank of Scotland (the primary sponsor of the competition) commissioned Edinburgh and London based Hamilton & Inches to design and create a dedicated Triple Crown Trophy. This has been awarded to Triple Crown winning sides since 2006. It has been won six times by Ireland, four times by Wales and three times by England. Winners There has been a Triple Crown winner in 69 of the 125 competitions held from 1883 through to 2021 (twelve years of competition were not played due", "title": "Triple Crown (rugby union)" }, { "docid": "21933304", "text": "The Triple Crown of Hurdling is awarded to a horse that wins all three of the open, two-mile Grade 1 Hurdling races in any given English National Hunt season: The Fighting Fifth Hurdle, held at the Newcastle Racecourse The Christmas Hurdle, held at Kempton Park Racecourse The Champion Hurdle, held at Cheltenham Racecourse From 2006 to 2010, the World Bet Exchange (WBX) put up a £1,000,000 bonus for any horse that wins the Triple Crown. WBX offered the prize, the richest in hurdling history. The bonus was split among the winning horse's connections as follows: Owner: £700,000 Trainer: £150,000 Stable Lad: £100,000 Stable Staff: £50,000 Before 2023, the only horse to win all three races in one season was Kribensis, a grey Henbit gelding, trained by Sir Michael Stoute in 1989–90. Since the WBX bonus was introduced, only Punjabi and Go Native came close to claiming the prize, each winning two of the three races. After the bonus was withdrawn, their achievements were matched by My Tent Or Yours and Faugheen. However, in the 2022/2023 season, the breath-taking Bay gelding Constitution Hill, trained by Nicky Henderson and ridden by Nico de Boinville, swept all three races and claimed the Triple Crown for owner Michael Buckley. Punjabi (2008/09) Punjabi was the first horse who came closest of winning the WBX bonus. After narrowly beating the former champion hurdler Sublimity by a head in the 2008 Fighting Fifth Hurdle, Punjabi fell heavily in the 2008 Christmas Hurdle at the second-last flight while vying for the lead. Three months later, Punjabi held off the late rally of Celestial Halo to win the 2009 Smurfit Kappa Champion Hurdle as a 22/1 outsider. His trainer, Nicky Henderson, was left to regret what might have been: \"He was the forgotten horse. We'd have won a £1 million bonus if he hadn't fallen in the Christmas Hurdle at Kempton. He would have won I think. He was cantering. Anyway this makes up for it.\" Punjabi's owner, Raymond Tooth, later described Punjabi's fall at Kempton as, \"...probably the most expensive fall in the history of racing.\" Go Native (2009/10) Without his normal jockey Paul Carberry, Go Native entered the 2009 Fighting Fifth Hurdle as a 25-1 long-shot. Go Native and jockey Davy Condon went on to win the race by 2.5 lengths over Sublimity. Paul Carberry was quoted as saying: It wasn't a surprise to me. It looked tough on paper, but we know how good he is. Go Native, owned by the Docado Syndicate, entered the Christmas Hurdle as the 5-2 second favourite (behind Binocular), and went on to secure a narrow victory over Starluck. A win in the 2010 Cheltenham Festival for Go Native would have made him the first horse to win the WBX bonus. Over £205,000 was wagered on WBX for the 2009-10 Triple Crown to be won, the market was backed in from a high of 49/1 before the first leg to a low of 3.8/1 prior to the Champion Hurdle. With jockey", "title": "Triple Crown of Hurdling" }, { "docid": "18247215", "text": "was a Japanese Thoroughbred racemare which won the 2007 Group One (GI) Tokyo Yūshun (Japanese Derby), the first filly to win this race in 64 years, as well as winning the 2009 Japan Cup. She won seven G1 races in Japan and was the highest earning racemare in Thoroughbred history at the time. Breeding Vodka was foaled on 4 April 2004 at Country Bokujo in Shizunai, Hokkaido. She was a bay mare by the 2002 Tokyo Yushun (Derby) winner, Tanino Gimlet out of Tanino Sister by Rousillon (USA). Racing career Vodka was owned by Yuzo Tanimizu and trained by Katsuhiko Sumii. At two years: 2006 In 2006, Vodka won her first race start and was second in the ungraded Kigiku Sho race which was also contested at the Kyoto Racecourse before she won the G1 Hanshin Juvenile Fillies race at the Hanshin Racecourse. Vodka was then awarded the 2006 JRA Award for Best Two-Year-Old Filly. At three years: 2007 In 2007, Vodka won her first start in the ungraded Elfin Stakes, followed by another win in the G3 Tulip Sho, from Daiwa Scarlet, who finished in second place. At her next start on 8 April, in the G1 Oka Sho (Cherry Blossom Awards), the first race of the Japanese Filly Triple Crown, Daiwa Scarlet relegated Vodka into second place. Daiwa Scarlet and Vodka would go on to meet a total of four times that year. Daiwa Scarlet bested her in three of those races. One of those contests was not a win for Daiwa Scarlet though, in the 2007 G1 Arima Kinen at Nakayama Racecourse, Daiwa Scarlet finished second to Matsurida Gogh, with Vodka finishing 11th. Vodka's next race start was in the G1 Tokyo Yūshun, also known as the Japanese Derby, the second jewel in the Japanese Triple Crown. Fillies are usually are entered in the Yushun Himba, also known as the Japanese Oaks, which is the second jewel of the Japanese Filly Triple Crown which is a week before the race, however, in a move that shocked the racing world, Vodka won handily, defeating a field of some of the best three-year-old colts in the country. She became the first filly to win the race in 64 years. Vodka was unplaced in her next start before racing in the G1 Shuka Sho, which is the last race of the Japanese Filly Triple Crown races. Daiwa Scarlet won the race, with Vodka finishing in third place. She was entered in the 2007 Queen Elizabeth II Commemorative Cup, but was scratched a few hours before the race due to what was thought to be a hip problem. In her next start Vodka finished 4th in the G1 Japan Cup Vodka subsequently did not place in her last start of the season. Despite winning the Japanese Derby. She lost to Daiwa Scarlet in Japanese Champion Three Year old Filly, as Vodka never finished above her in the 3 races in which both horses participated, but the achievement in the Derby led", "title": "Vodka (horse)" }, { "docid": "15137222", "text": "Bruce Alan Fields (born October 6, 1960) is an American former professional baseball outfielder and the former hitting coach of the Cleveland Indians of Major League Baseball (MLB). He played during three seasons in MLB for the Detroit Tigers and Seattle Mariners. Career Fields was drafted by the Tigers in the 7th round of the 1978 MLB draft. He played his first professional season with their Rookie league Bristol Tigers in 1978, and split his last season between the Atlanta Braves' Triple-A club, the Richmond Braves, and the Toronto Blue Jays' Triple-A team, the Syracuse Chiefs, in 1991. From 1997 through 2000, Fields was manager of the Class A West Michigan Whitecaps, leading them in 2000 to the league's best record and winning the Midwest League Manager of the Year Award twice (1997 and 2000). He managed the Triple-A Toledo Mud Hens for two seasons, before serving as hitting coach for the Detroit Tigers from 2003 to 2005. Fields took over as hitting coach for the Cleveland Indians on June 19, 2011. Personal life Fields is the father of Detroit Tigers outfielder Daniel Fields, who played in his first and only major league game on June 4, 2015, against the Oakland Athletics. Fields' older son, Aaron, a former minor league prospect in the Cleveland Indians' system, was in attendance. Fields was a basketball teammate of Magic Johnson at Everett High School (Michigan) in Lansing, Michigan, starting on the school's 1977 Class A Michigan High School Athletic Association championship team. External links Pura Pelota (Venezuelan Winter League) 1960 births Living people African-American baseball coaches African-American baseball managers African-American baseball players American expatriate baseball players in Canada Baseball coaches from Ohio Baseball players from Cleveland Birmingham Barons players Bristol Tigers players Calgary Cannons players Cleveland Indians coaches Detroit Tigers coaches Detroit Tigers players Lakeland Tigers players Macon Peaches players Major League Baseball hitting coaches Major League Baseball outfielders Nashville Sounds players Richmond Braves players San Jose Bees players Seattle Mariners players Syracuse Chiefs players Tacoma Tigers players Tiburones de La Guaira players American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela Toledo Mud Hens managers Toledo Mud Hens players 21st-century African-American people 20th-century African-American sportspeople", "title": "Bruce Fields" }, { "docid": "11557559", "text": "Daryl Dean Spencer (July 13, 1928 – January 2, 2017) was an American professional baseball player and infielder who played shortstop, second base and third base in Major League Baseball between and for the New York / San Francisco Giants, St. Louis Cardinals, Los Angeles Dodgers and Cincinnati Reds. He played for the Hankyu Braves of Nippon Professional Baseball between and . On April 15, 1958, he hit the first home run in San Francisco Giants' history in an 8–0 victory over the Dodgers. He threw and batted right-handed and was listed as tall and . Spencer was a native and longtime resident of Wichita, Kansas, graduating from East High School and attending Wichita State University. He signed with the Giants in 1949 and, in his first full MLB season, , he started a combined 108 games at three infield positions, hitting 20 home runs, a career high. But he batted only .208, then spent 1954 and 1955 in military service. Spencer's peak years came between 1956 and 1960 as the Giants' regular shortstop (1956–1958) and second baseman (1959), then as the Cardinals' starting shortstop in 1960. He averaged 148 games played over those five years, with 70 total home runs. His Opening Day 1958 homer, hit at San Francisco's Seals Stadium against the Dodgers' Don Drysdale, a future Baseball Hall of Famer, came in the fourth inning; the solo shot made the score 3–0 at the time. The contest was the first-ever in California for the Giants and Dodgers after each team had moved from New York City during the offseason. Spencer led National League shortstops in errors committed in 1957 and 1958. He reverted to a utility role during his final three MLB seasons. Over all or parts of ten big league seasons, Spencer appeared in 1,098 games. His 901 hits included 145 doubles, 20 triples and 105 homers. He was credited with 428 runs batted in and batted .244 lifetime. He then played for the Hankyu Braves in the Pacific League in Japan between 1964 and 1972, hitting an additional 152 home runs. He also was credited with inventing the concept of hitting for the cycle in NPB. As the story goes, on July 16, 1965, he finished the cycle with a triple against the Kintetsu Buffaloes, and absolutely celebrated it. Japanese media was confused about it, so they asked Spencer why he had celebrated on that triple. His response was simply that he questioned that they did not have it there, and stated that in MLB, hitting for the cycle was a major achievement. After NPB dug through records, it was discovered that hitting for the cycle happened 23 times before, so NPB made and gave awards to the players who managed to hit for the cycle. He was also on the road to winning an offensive Triple Crown that season, but in 5 games, he was intentionally walked on all his plate appearances, to the point that supposedly, he held his bat the other way", "title": "Daryl Spencer" }, { "docid": "22271105", "text": "Evan Lee Scribner (born July 19, 1985) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the San Diego Padres, Oakland Athletics, and Seattle Mariners. Professional career Arizona Diamondbacks Scribner was selected by the Arizona Diamondbacks in the 28th round (853rd overall) of the 2007 Major League Baseball Draft from Central Connecticut State University where he set the school's record for both career wins (23) and saves (14). San Diego Padres In 2008, the Diamondbacks traded Scribner to the San Diego Padres in return for Tony Clark. Following the 2010 season, he was added to the Padres' 40 man roster to protect him from the Rule 5 draft. On April 25, 2011, Scribner was called up to replace spot-starter Wade LeBlanc. He made his MLB debut the next day. Oakland Athletics After the season, on October 25, 2011, he was claimed off waivers by the Oakland Athletics. Both of his wins on the season came in the last 9 games of the season. He received the win in the last game of the season against the Texas Rangers, this gave the Oakland A's the AL West division crown. Scribner made the A's Opening day roster for the 2013 season, beating out Pedro Figueroa and non-roster relievers Hideki Okajima and Mike Ekstrom. Scribner was recalled on August 3, 2013 in exchange for Tommy Milone. He was recalled from the Triple-A Sacramento River Cats on August 28. Scribner made the A's Opening day roster again in 2015, having developed a new pitch, he soon emerged as the setup man for Oakland with Tyler Clippard moving to the closer role as a result of 2014 closer Sean Doolittle being placed on the Disabled List with a Shoulder injury in early April. Scribner's season ended prematurely due to a torn lat muscle, he was placed on the 60-day disabled list on September 2, 2015. Seattle Mariners On December 8, 2015, Scribner was traded by the Athletics to the Seattle Mariners in exchange for minor league pitcher Trey Cochran-Gill. Scribner spent almost the entire 2016 season on the Disabled list but was activated on September 1 and made his Mariners debut on September 3 against the Los Angeles Angels. Scribner was placed on waivers for his unconditional release from the Mariners on September 5, 2017. Tampa Bay Rays On February 6, 2018, Scribner signed a minor league contract with the Tampa Bay Rays. Scribner was released by the Rays on March 7. New Britain Bees On May 15, 2018, Scribner signed with the New Britain Bees of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball. He became a free agent following the 2018 season. Awards and honors 2004 Northeast Conference Tournament Most Valuable Player 2008 Midwest League Mid-Season All-Star 2009 Texas League All-Star Personal life His brother, Troy Scribner, is a pitcher who last played in Major League Baseball for the Arizona Diamondbacks. References External links 1985 births Living people Arizona League Mariners players Bakersfield Blaze players Baseball players from Connecticut", "title": "Evan Scribner" }, { "docid": "1569612", "text": "Stephen Thomas Bilko (November 13, 1928 – March 7, 1978) was an American professional baseball player known for his home run hitting as a minor leaguer during the 1950s. He was 20 years old when he broke into Major League Baseball on September 22, 1949, with the St. Louis Cardinals. Bilko threw and batted right-handed; he was listed as tall, and , and was nicknamed \"Stout Steve\" during his career because of his ample girth. Nat Hiken, creator of The Phil Silvers Show, supposedly took the name of the character Sgt. Bilko from the ballplayer, whose long-ball heroics for one of Los Angeles' two minor-league teams of the mid-1950s made him a local celebrity. Biography Bilko was born in Nanticoke, Pennsylvania, in coal mining country, and made his debut with the Allentown Cardinals in 1945 at the age of 16 during the final year of World War II. A first baseman, Bilko enjoyed his greatest fame with the Los Angeles Angels of the Pacific Coast League from 1955–1957, when he won three consecutive PCL Most Valuable Player awards and home run titles. His greatest year came in 1956, when he won the PCL Triple Crown with a .360 batting average, 55 home runs and 164 runs batted in; he also led the league in runs scored (163) and hits (215). His Triple Crown year came for a pennant-winning Angels' team that won 107 games, and was sandwiched in between seasons in which Bilko belted 37 (1955) and 56 (1957) long balls. He was posthumously inducted into the Pacific Coast League Hall of Fame in 2003. In addition to the Cardinals (–), Bilko also appeared in the majors for the Chicago Cubs (1954), Cincinnati Redlegs (), Los Angeles Dodgers (1958), Detroit Tigers () and the American League's Los Angeles Angels (–), but he never enjoyed the phenomenal success he had with the PCL Angels in the 1950s. He was the Cardinals' regular first baseman in and smashed 21 homers with 84 RBI in 154 games, but led National League hitters in strikeouts with 125. Still, it was his most productive big-league season. As an original member of the American League Angels, an expansion team, he became the first player to appear for each of Los Angeles' MLB teams. Playing in his old minor-league haven, Los Angeles' Wrigley Field, Bilko responded with his second-best MLB campaign with 20 homers and 59 RBI in 1961. In 600 games over ten major-league seasons, Bilko posted a .249 batting average (432-for-1,738) with 220 runs, 76 home runs, 276 RBI, 234 bases on balls and a .444 slugging percentage. Defensively, he recorded a .992 fielding percentage as a first baseman. During his stay with the 1954 Cubs, announcer Bert Wilson placed Bilko at the end of what he hoped would be a soon-to-be-famous double play combination of Ernie Banks, Gene Baker and Bilko. His fanciful name for that trio was \"Bingo to Bango to Bilko\". However, Bilko got into only 47 games with the Wrigleys (only", "title": "Steve Bilko" }, { "docid": "11590634", "text": "The 1913 Washington Senators won 90 games, lost 64, and finished in second place in the American League. They were managed by Clark Griffith and played home games at National Park. Regular season This was a very good season for a team that was considered perennial losers. The nucleus was still ace pitcher Walter Johnson. He won each category of the pitching triple crown by wide margins and was voted league MVP, in perhaps his best season. Clyde Milan, Johnson's best friend, set a modern-day stolen base record, with 75. The offense was led by future Black Sox ringleader Chick Gandil, who hit .318 and drove in a team-leading 72 runs. Eccentric Germany Schaefer hit .320 in limited action. Season standings Record vs. opponents Roster Player stats Batting Starters by position Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in Other batters Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in Pitching Starting pitchers Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts Other pitchers Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts Relief pitchers Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts Awards and honors League awards Walter Johnson AL Most Valuable Player League top five finishers Walter Johnson MLB leader in wins (36) MLB leader in ERA (1.14) MLB leader in strikeouts (243) MLB leader in shutouts (11) Clyde Milan MLB leader in stolen bases (75) Danny Moeller #2 in AL in stolen bases (62) References 1913 Washington Senators at Baseball-Reference 1913 Washington Senators at Baseball Almanac Washington Senators (1901–1960) seasons Washington Senators season Washington", "title": "1913 Washington Senators season" } ]	[ "Miguel Cabrera" ]
train_31300	where was episode 3 crocodile of black mirror filmed	[ { "docid": "73653517", "text": "\"Loch Henry\" is the second episode of the sixth series of the anthology series Black Mirror. It was written by the series creator Charlie Brooker and directed by Sam Miller. Alongside the rest of the sixth series, it premiered on Netflix on 15 June 2023. The episode follows Davis (Samuel Blenkin) and Pia (Myha'la Herrold) as they make a true crime documentary in Davis's run-down hometown in Scotland. Brooker reflected on the cinematic style of true crime documentaries and how he and his wife had considered traveling to Scotland after seeing its depiction in a documentary. \"Loch Henry\" was the first episode set in Scotland, as the setting of \"Crocodile\" was changed to Iceland; 18 locations in Scotland were used for filming. The episode criticises the effects of true crime media on victims. Pia's death can be seen as punishment for her flippant attitude towards other people's tragedies. The episode references other Black Mirror events through newspapers and other text; its themes were compared to \"Joan Is Awful\", which is also about streaming television. The episode placed around the middle of critics' lists of Black Mirror instalments by quality, though most reviews aggregated by Rotten Tomatoes were positive. Reviewers wrote negatively of the episode's moral but positively about the characters and acting. Critics were ambivalent towards the plot twist. Plot Davis McCardle (Samuel Blenkin) visits his childhood home in Loch Henry, Scotland, with his American girlfriend Pia Koreshi (Myha'la Herrold). They met in a film course and are pursuing Davis's idea for a documentary about an amateur conservationist in Rùm who prevents illegal egg collecting. Davis's mother Janet (Monica Dolan) cooks for them, but she and Pia are uneasy around each other. Davis introduces Pia to his friend Stuart King (Daniel Portman), who runs the only remaining pub in Loch Henry, the Lochside Inn. Stuart's father Richard (John Hannah) is an alcoholic. The former tourist haven is run down because, in the 1990s, resident Iain Adair (Tom Crowhurst) made national headlines as a serial killer. Davis's policeman father Kenneth (Gregor Firth) was called to Adair's home after Adair made drunken comments about missing tourists. Adair shot his parents, Kenneth and himself. Wounded in the shoulder, Kenneth acquired MRSA in hospital and died when Davis was eight. Pia proposes a true crime documentary about Adair. Davis is worried about its local impact, but Stuart believes the film will bring in tourism, and Janet is happy to voice her anger about Adair's responsibility for Kenneth's death. They pitch it to the producer Kate Cezar (Ellie White), who wants new information uncovered. Davis, Pia and Stuart break into Adair's abandoned home and find instruments of torture in the basement. They film footage with an old camera, taping over Janet's Bergerac cassettes. Returning home, they get in a car accident. Davis has to stay overnight in hospital, where Richard—recovering from a fall down the stairs—voices opposition to the documentary. Pia discovers that Janet's cassettes contain recordings of Janet and Kenneth alongside Adair, torturing his", "title": "Loch Henry" }, { "docid": "55024666", "text": "\"Crocodile\" is the third episode of the fourth series of the anthology series Black Mirror. It was written by series creator Charlie Brooker and directed by John Hillcoat. The episode first aired on Netflix, along with the rest of series four, on 29 December 2017. The episode follows Mia (Andrea Riseborough) fifteen years after she helped her friend Rob (Andrew Gower) cover up a hit-and-run death, as she commits several murders in order to cover up her past crimes. Meanwhile, Shazia (Kiran Sonia Sawar) is an insurance investigator who uses a \"Recaller\" that can project people's visual memories onto a screen. The writers were inspired by Nordic noir and by a similar memory technology in series one's \"The Entire History of You\". The first draft featured a male protagonist and Scotland as its setting. It was filmed in Iceland. The episode garnered mixed reviews. Critics mostly found its bleakness and violence to be excessive, with further criticism of the plot twists. Some reviewers found the Recaller technology to be interesting, but not meaningfully explored by the episode. Riseborough and Sawar's acting, as well as the visual aesthetics, were acclaimed. Plot Driving intoxicated after a party, Rob (Andrew Gower) hits a cyclist on a mountain road, killing him. Rob's companion Mia Nolan (Andrea Riseborough) helps him throw the body off a cliff into a lake. Fifteen years later, Mia is married with a nine-year-old son and works as an architect. After she delivers an important presentation, a newly-sober Rob meets her at her hotel. He is going to write an anonymous letter to the victim's wife, after seeing a news article indicating she never moved on, but Mia is afraid the letter will be traced. An argument ensues and Mia breaks Rob's neck, killing him. Out of the window, she notices a self-driving pizza delivery truck hit a pedestrian. Playing pornography in the room as an alibi, she disposes of Rob's body. The pedestrian is visited by Shazia (Kiran Sonia Sawar), an insurance investigator who uses a \"Recaller\" to view his memories, as best as he can picture them, on a screen. She finds a woman he passed on the street before the incident, who directs her to a dentist, who saw Mia looking at the accident from her hotel room. In each case Shazia makes them smell beer from the nearby brewery and replays a song that played in a passing car to strengthen their memories. Hoping to get bonus pay from a quick investigation, Shazia makes a lengthy drive to meet Mia. A tense Mia only allows Shazia in when told that refusal will be reported to the police. Mia tries to divert her memory away from the accident but fails, and Shazia sees memories of both of the killings. Shazia tries to leave but her car does not start and Mia smashes the window, knocks her out and ties her up in a shed. Mia disbelieves Shazia's promise to keep the information secret, and uses the Recaller to", "title": "Crocodile (Black Mirror)" }, { "docid": "31118372", "text": "Sigurður Sigurjónsson, commonly referred to as Siggi Sigurjóns, is an Icelandic actor, comedian and screenwriter, best known as a member of the comedy group Spaugstofan. He has starred in a number of films and television series since the late 1970s, as well as acting in the National Theatre of Iceland. He is famous for his recurring characters in the Spaugstofan television series, including Ragnar Reykás and Kristján Ólafsson. Sigurður has starred in many seasons of the annual television special Áramótaskaupið. He is also one of the leading Icelandic voice actors and has dubbed numerous animated features. In March 2015, Sigurjóns appeared in the music video for \"Crystals,\" the lead single from the Of Monsters and Men album \"Beneath the Skin\". Selected filmography A White, White Day (2019) Black Mirror (Episode: \"Crocodile\") (2017) Under the Tree (2017) Rams (2015) \"Crystals\" (2015) (Music video by Of Monsters and Men) Afinn (2014) Harry og Heimir: Morð eru til alls fyrst (2014) Borgríki 2 (2014) Borgríki (2011) Stella í framboði (2002) SpongeBob SquarePants (1999) (Icelandic voice of SpongeBob) Anastasia (1997) (Icelandic voice of Bartok) Djöflaeyjan (1996) The Lion King (1994) (Icelandic voice of Zazu) The Swan Princess (1994) (Icelandic voice of Puffin) Bíódagar (1994) Skýjahöllin (1994) Karlakórinn Hekla (1992) Kristnihald undir Jökli (1989) Karlakórinn Hekla (1992) Stella í orlofi (1986) Second Dance (1983) Land og synir (1980) References External links Year of birth missing (living people) Place of birth missing (living people) Living people Icelandic male film actors Icelandic comedians Icelandic screenwriters Icelandic male television actors Icelandic male stage actors", "title": "Sigurður Sigurjónsson" }, { "docid": "49614411", "text": "Ólafía Hrönn Jónsdóttir (born 7 December 1962) is an Icelandic actress. She is known for her role as Freyja in Trapped. Early life Ólafía was born in Reykjavík, Iceland in 1962. She grew up in Reykjavík, and in Hornafjörður where her father managed a bank. She was a scout when she was young and would play sketches for them whenever she got a chance. She graduated from Fjölbrautaskólinn í Ármúla in 1983 and went straight to Theater School (now a division under the Iceland Academy of the Arts) Career Ólafía graduated from the Icelandic Theater School in 1987. She has acted in several stage productions for the National Theater of Iceland and other theaters. She received an Edda Award for her role in Brúðguminn. Personal life In 2011 Ólafía worked with the Red Cross and professional chefs to produce a 12 episode cooking show showing cheap meal options for four-person families. All the meals cost under 2000 ISK (approx. 15 US Dollars). Filmography Áramótaskaup 1989 (1989) various roles SSL-25 (Short) (1990) Skýjahöllin (1994) as Inga Áramótaskaup 1996 (1996) various roles Perlur og Svín (1997) as Lísa Áramótaskaup 1997 (1997) various roles Áramótaskaup 2000 (2000) various roles Áramótaskaup 2001 (2001) various roles Litla lirfan ljóta (animated short) (2002) as the bee Stella í framboði (2002) as Ágústa kvennremba Stormviðri (2003) Guðrún Síðasti bærinn (Short) (2004) as the daughter Allir litir hafsins eru kaldir (TV-series) as Margrét Mýrin (2006) as Elínborg Brúðguminn (2008) as Sísí Skrapp út (2008) Dagvaktin (TV-series) (2008) as Gugga Forsthaus Falkenau (TV-series) (2009) as Bürgermeisterin Bjarnfreðarson (2009) as Guðbjörg Jónsdóttir Mamma Gógó (2010) as the director's sister Sumarlandið (2010) as Lára Fiskar á þurru landi (TV-movie) (2010) as Efemía Grafir & Bein (2016) as Hulda Ófærð (TV-series) (2015-2016) as Freyja, Hjörtur's mother Black Mirror (Episode: \"Crocodile\") (2017) as Felicity Carmichael True Detective (TV-series) (2024) as Stacy Chalmers References External links Living people 1962 births Ólafía Hrönn Jónsdóttir Ólafía Hrönn Jónsdóttir Ólafía Hrönn Jónsdóttir Ólafía Hrönn Jónsdóttir Ólafía Hrönn Jónsdóttir", "title": "Ólafía Hrönn Jónsdóttir" } ]	[ { "docid": "39394031", "text": "Sherrie Rose is an American actress, producer, director, and screenwriter. She co-produced, directed, wrote and starred in the 1999 road drama Me and Will, starring Patrick Dempsey. The film opened the Women in Film Series for Sundance and appeared in many film festivals. Life and career Rose has also appeared in over 65 films including Killer Crocodile (1989), No Retreat, No Surrender 3: Blood Brothers (1990), The King of the Kickboxers (1990), Maximum Force (1992), Unlawful Entry (1992), New Crime City (1994), Demon Knight (1995) and Black Scorpion II (1997), and television shows including Miami Vice, Married With Children, Charmed, and Sons of Anarchy, two \"Tales from the Crypt\" episodes and the books entitled Tales from the Crypt and Girlfriends. Personal life In 2009, Rose told Us Weekly that she had a son with Jeffrey Dean Morgan, born circa 2004–2005. Filmography Film Television References External links Living people American film actresses American television actresses Year of birth missing (living people) 21st-century American women", "title": "Sherrie Rose" }, { "docid": "51664162", "text": "\"Nosedive\" is the first episode in the third series of the British science fiction anthology series Black Mirror. Michael Schur and Rashida Jones wrote the teleplay for the episode, based on a story by series creator and co-showrunner Charlie Brooker, while Joe Wright acted as director. It premiered on Netflix on 21 October 2016, alongside the rest of the third series. The episode is set in a world where people can rate each other from one to five stars for every interaction they have using their smartphones, which can impact their socioeconomic status. Lacie (Bryce Dallas Howard) is a young woman overly obsessed with her ratings; she finds an opportunity to elevate her ratings greatly and move into a more luxurious residence after being chosen by her popular childhood friend (Alice Eve) as the maid of honour for her wedding. Under Netflix, the episode was given a much larger budget than the previous episodes of the programme, when it had been under Channel 4. Brooker wrote an outline for the episode, then Schur wrote the first half of the episode and Jones wrote the latter. Production was undertaken in a manner similar to a short film; \"Nosedive\" was filmed in South Africa, with Seamus McGarvey as director of photography and Joel Collins and James Foster as the production designers. The tone of the episode is less bleak and more comedic than other Black Mirror episodes, with the ending significantly more positive than in episodes of the programme's prior two series. The episode received mainly positive reviews and is middling in critics' lists of Black Mirror episodes, qualitatively. The pastel visual aesthetics were widely praised, along with Max Richter's soundtrack and Howard's performance. A criticism from several reviewers was the episode's predictability and ending, though the script and comedic undertones were praised by some. Many critics noted the similarity of the episode to real-world app Peeple and China's Social Credit System, along with fictional works about social media with themes of gender and obsession with image. The episode won a Royal Television Society Craft & Design Award. It was nominated for several awards, including a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination for Howard and a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for McGarvey. A board game Nosedive, based on the episode, was released in 2018. Plot Society has embraced a technology wherein everyone shares their daily activities through eye implants and mobile devices where one rates their interactions with others on a scale from one to five stars, cumulatively affecting everyone's socioeconomic status. Lacie Pound (Bryce Dallas Howard) seeks to raise her 4.2 rating to 4.5 for a discount on a luxury apartment; however, despite her attempts to be outgoing and pleasant, her rating has plateaued. Lacie talks to a consultant who suggests gaining favour from very highly rated people. Lacie uploads a photograph of Mr. Rags, a ragdoll that she and her childhood friend Naomi (Alice Eve) made together. Naomi, who is currently rated 4.8, rates the photo five stars and calls Lacie", "title": "Nosedive (Black Mirror)" }, { "docid": "55902891", "text": "Kiran Sonia Sawar is a Scottish actress best known for her role in the one-off drama Murdered by My Father. In 2017, Sawar appeared in \"Crocodile\", an episode of the fourth season of anthology series Black Mirror. Early life Sawar is of Pakistani descent and grew up in Pollokshields, Glasgow. She attended the University of St Andrews where she received a degree in Marine and Environmental Biology. After graduating, she trained in acting at the Oxford School of Drama, where she left in 2012. Career Sawar made her acting debut in theatre before landing her first television role in 2015. After a series of minor roles in various television series, she garnered critical acclaim for her role as the protagonist in the BBC television drama Murdered by My Father, which highlighted the issue of honour killings. She portrayed Cordelia in the 2016 stage adaptation of Evelyn Waugh's novel Brideshead Revisited. Kiran was offered a role in the movie Meg 2: The Trench where she plays the character of Sal. Filmography Film Television References External links Living people 21st-century Scottish actresses Actresses from Glasgow Alumni of the University of St Andrews Scottish people of Pakistani descent Scottish television actresses Year of birth missing (living people) Pollokshields", "title": "Kiran Sonia Sawar" }, { "docid": "10670306", "text": "Michael J. \"Crocodile\" Dundee (also called Mick), played by Paul Hogan, is a fictional protagonist in the Crocodile Dundee film series consisting of Crocodile Dundee, Crocodile Dundee II, and Crocodile Dundee in Los Angeles. The character is a crocodile hunter, hence the nickname and is modeled on Rod Ansell. Paul Hogan on the Dundee character In TV Week magazine, Paul Hogan spoke of the character: He said the character was seen by people in the US as a cross between Chuck Norris and Rambo. This did not sit well with Hogan, who said people would rather see his character \"who doesn't kill 75 people\" than the likes of \"those commandos, terminators, ex-terminators and squashers\". Character biography Dundee was supposedly born in a cave, in the Northern Territory, and raised by Indigenous Australians. He is unaware of his age; he once asked an Aboriginal elder when he was born, the reply was \"in the summertime\". Until the events of the first film, Dundee said he had never lived in a city, or even been to one (\"Cities are crowded, right? If I went and lived in some city, I'd only make it worse\"). He owns a piece of land called \"Billongamick\" (\"belong to Mick\"), meaning \"Mick's place\", that he inherited from an uncle. He estimates that a person might walk across it in three to four days, but he regards it as useless except for a gold mine that he refers to as \"the Reserve Bank\" and his \"retirement fund\". Dundee is rarely seen without his black Akubra hat or his Bowie knife. Crocodile Dundee During the first film, Crocodile Dundee, Mick is visited by a New York reporter, Sue Charlton, who travels to Australia to investigate a report she heard of a crocodile hunter who had his leg bitten off by a crocodile in the outback, but made it the supposedly hundred or so miles back to civilization and lived. However, by the time she meets him, the story turns out to be a somewhat exaggerated legend where the \"bitten off leg\" turns out to be just being some bad scarring on his leg; a \"love bite\" as Mick calls it. Still intrigued by the idea of \"Crocodile\" Dundee, Sue continues with the story. They travel together out to where the incident occurred, and follow his route through the bush to the nearest hospital. Despite his macho approach and seemingly sexist opinions, the pair eventually become close, especially after Mick saves Sue from a crocodile attack. Feeling there is still more to the story, Sue invites Mick back to New York with her, as his first trip to a city (or \"first trip anywhere\", as Dundee says). The rest of the film depicts Dundee as a \"fish out of water\", showing how despite his expert approach to the bush, he knows little of city life. Mick meets Sue's fiancé, Richard, who work together and have a lot in common, but they do not get along. By the end of the", "title": "Michael \"Crocodile\" Dundee" }, { "docid": "38587686", "text": "Black Mirror is a British science fiction anthology series created by Charlie Brooker. The programme was inspired by The Twilight Zone and explores technology and its side-effects. It began on the British television network Channel 4 before moving to the American streaming platform Netflix and has run for six series between 2011 and 2023. There are 27 episodes and one interactive film, Black Mirror: Bandersnatch. Episodes vary in length between 40 and 89 minutes and can be watched in any order. Actors rarely appear in more than one episode, though many instalments make small references known as \"Easter eggs\" to previous episodes, such as through in-universe news channels and briefly-seen text. The first two series comprised three episodes each and ran on Channel 4 in December 2011 and February 2013. After discussions for a third series fell through, a special entitled \"White Christmas\" was commissioned and aired in December 2014. The following year, Netflix commissioned twelve episodes, later splitting this into two series of six episodes that were released on 21 October 2016 and 29 December 2017. The interactive film Bandersnatch was spun out from the fifth series due to its complexity, debuting on 28 December 2018, and the delayed fifth series of three episodes premiered on 5 June 2019. The sixth series was released on 15 June 2023 and consists of five episodes. A seventh series was announced in November 2023. Episodes are usually dystopian, often with unhappy endings, and many are set in a futuristic world with advanced technology. The instalments have spanned a variety of genres including drama, psychological horror, political satire, and romantic comedy. Black Mirror has been met with positive reception from critics and has received numerous awards and nominations, including three consecutive wins of the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Television Movie. Series overview Episodes Series 1 (2011) Series 2 (2013) Special (2014) Series 3 (2016) Series 4 (2017) Interactive film (2018) Series 5 (2019) Series 6 (2023) For series six, Nielsen Media Research reported that Black Mirror was the most-watched television programme on streaming platforms in the United States during the week of its release, with an estimated 23million hours watched. In the following weeks it ranked second and fifth, with a cumulative 40million hours watched. Netflix, which started releasing viewing figures after series five, stated that 60million hours of Black Mirrors sixth series were watched worldwide during its week of release. According to Netflix's ranking method, it was second to Never Have I Evers fourth series by viewer count. By the end of June, its hours of viewing reached 140million, in addition to 110million hours of other Black Mirror views. This placed the sixth series 53rd in Netflix content across all views from January to June 2023. Home media References Notes Citations General references External links Lists of anthology television series episodes Lists of British drama television series episodes Lists of British science fiction television series episodes", "title": "List of Black Mirror episodes" }, { "docid": "2053486", "text": "Timbuctoo is a series of 25 children's books, written and illustrated by Roger Hargreaves, better known for his Mr. Men and Little Miss series. It was published from 1978 to 1979, with selected reprints in 1993 and 1999. The books tell the stories of a group of animals, each of whom is named after the sound that their particular animal makes. An animated series (produced by Flicks Films and Carlton International) of Timbuctoo was shown on CITV which ran from 9 January 1998 to 5 January 2000, narrated by Ronnie Corbett. Books The original set of 25 books named after their main character were published in 1978 and 1979, along with board books, shaped story books and three Timbuctoo Annuals. In 1999 eight of the books were reprinted with new illustrations to promote the television show, along with a new character, Bray. The first twelve books were also published in Dutch, and the eight 1999 versions published in Greek. 1978 Woof (an ochre dog) Meow (an orange cat) Oink (a pink pig) Chirp (a blue bird) Trumpet (a grey elephant) Squeak (an ochre mouse) Moo (a brown cow) Buzz (a black and yellow bee) Neigh (a red horse) Roar (a yellow lion) Snap (a green crocodile) Hiss (a yellow-green snake) Four of the books (Woof, Trumpet, Buzz and Oink) were republished in 1993. 1979 Croak (a green frog) Cluck (an orange chicken) Growl (a black and orange tiger) Honk (a black seal) Chatter (an orange monkey) Quack (a white duck) Sniff (a grey rabbit) Bleat (an orange goat) Hoot (a brown owl) Grizzle (a burgundy bear) Puff (a black and white panda) Squawk (a blue parrot) Baa (a grey and white sheep) There was also a set of Timbuctoo Shape Books released, including Oink, Neigh, Growl, Roar, Squeak, Trumpet, Cluck and Puff. 1997 Bray (a grey donkey) Bray was an additional character created and written by Roger's son Adam. This was because standard TV series are often produced in 13 or 26 episode series and an additional character was required to reach 26 episodes. Eight of the original books were reprinted in 1999, with new illustrations, to accompany the TV series. While Bray was listed on the back cover along with the rest of the cast, only Buzz, Cluck, Growl, Meow, Neigh, Oink, Snap and Trumpet were reprinted. Television adaptation The Timbuctoo animated television show was broadcast from January 1998 to April 1999. It ran on CITV for two series and was based on the characters of the book series. Series 1 was released on VHS as Neigh Finds a New Home and Other Stories in March 1999 and Series 2 released as Woof Has Forgotten How to Bark and Other Stories in February 2000. A total of 26 episodes were produced. Series overview Series 1: 9 January 1998 to 3 April 1998 (13 episodes) Series 2: 8 January 1999 to 16 April 1999 (13 episodes) Series 1 (1998) \"Neigh Finds a New Home\" (9 January 1998) \"Honk Goes Swimming\"", "title": "Timbuctoo" }, { "docid": "13824533", "text": "S Club 7 Go Wild! is a television series starring British pop group S Club 7, who worked with the World Wild Fund for Nature (WWF) to help raise awareness of the threats facing wildlife around the world. Each member adopted an endangered animal and travelled to their respective natural habitat in different locations around the globe. There were seven 30-minute episodes, one for each member of the band, which were aired on BBC Two in the UK. Episodes Episode 1: Paul in Kenya Paul Cattermole travelled to Kenya in search of the endangered black rhino with Rachel Stevens. Day 1: Paul went in search of the black rhino. He was unsuccessful, but he did see cheetah cubs. Rachel went shopping in the market for presents for the rest of the group. Day 2: Paul travelled to Masai Mara with Rachel. There he had a game drive, and showed the tribe some dance moves with Rachel. Day 3: When Paul went to bed, he could hear all the animal noises; he found it very frightening. Day 4: Paul went hot air ballooning with Rachel. They got to see the wildebeest migration. Later that day, he continued his hunt, and saw a black rhino. Day 5: Paul and Rachel went on a river cruise and saw hippos and fish eagles. Then they started their return to the United Kingdom. Episode 2: Jo in Thailand Jo O'Meara travelled to Thailand in search of the Asian elephant, accompanied by Jon Lee and Tina Barrett. Day 1: Jo, Jon, and Tina spent the day shopping for presents and traditional Thai outfits in Chiang Mai. Day 2: Jo travelled to a WWF project, where she saw some Asian elephants. She trekked into the jungle with an elephant to a Thai hill tribe. Day 3: Jo spent the day at the Thailand Elephant Conservation Centre. This was their last day in Thailand. Episode 3: Bradley in Brazil Bradley McIntosh travelled to Brazil in search of the rare hyacinth macaw. Hannah Spearritt accompanied him. Day 1: Bradley took a helicopter ride over Rio de Janeiro. Hannah took the tram up to see the statue of Christ. Day 2: Bradley flew to São Paulo to see a World Cup qualifying match between Brazil and Argentina. Day 3: Bradley traveled into the jungle with Hannah. Day 4: Bradley and Hannah found a nesting pair of hyacinth macaws. That night, they went looking for crocodiles. Day 5: Bradley and Hannah spent the day feeding the animals at a ranch. Episode 4: Tina in China Tina Barrett travelled to China in search of the giant panda with Jo O'Meara and Jon Lee. Day 1: Tina went to see the Great Wall of China. As the group walked along the wall, they gave facts about the history of the famous landmark. Day 2: Tina did karaoke and went ten pin bowling. Day 3: Tina got to see some of the remaining giant pandas. Day 4: Tina, Jon, and Jo trekked up Mount", "title": "S Club 7 Go Wild!" }, { "docid": "37487318", "text": "The Crocodile Hunter is a wildlife documentary television series that was hosted by Steve Irwin and his wife, Terri. The series became popular due to Irwin's unconventional method and hands-on approach to nature. The two-hour pilot episode, filmed in 1992, premiered on American cable television network, Discovery Channel in October 1996, followed by the official series premiere on Animal Planet on April 5, 1997. The series ended on June 18, 2004, two years before Irwin's death. 13 specials were broadcast between January 1, 1997 and September 4, 2007. Series overview Episodes Pilot (1996) Season 1 (1997) Season 2 (1998) Season 3 (1999–2000) Season 4 (2000–02) Season 5 (2002–04) Specials The following is a list of specials hosted by Irwin relating to the series, but that were not official episodes. DVD Releases DVD releases in Australia were distributed through Magna Pacific and were issued in volumes containing 2-3 episodes each, although some later volumes did contain up to 6 episodes. Most episodes released were from Season 2, and Seasons 3 through 5. No episodes from Season 1 were released. Some episode titles differ slightly from their original televised versions, and some episodes are extended versions. A DVD Collection is also available. It contains all episodes previously released combined on 20 discs. Volume 1: The Story Behind Steve Steve's Story Big Croc Stories Volume 2: Steve's Scariest Moments Wildest Home Videos Steve and the Dragon Volume 3: Steve's Aussie Adventures Australia's Wildest Frontier Journey to the Red Centre Volume 4: Deadly Snakes Africa's Deadliest Snakes Sidewinders of Arizona Volume 5: Jungle Steve Jungle in the Clouds Faces in the Forest Volume 6: A Crocodile's Revenge Crocodiles of the Revolution Graham's Revenge Volume 7: Swimming with the Sharks Whale Sharks of the Wild West Sharks Outside the Cage Volume 8: Crocodile Coast Crocodile Coast Search for a Super Croc Volume 9: Wild Frontier of Africa Wild Frontier of Africa Croc Live! (Crocodile Hunter Diaries episode) Volume 10: Legends of the Galapagos Legends of the Galapagos Last Primates of Madagascar Volume 11: Lights! Croc! Action! Captured on Camera Lights! Croc! Action! Outback to Hollywood Volume 12: Reptiles of the Deep Reptiles of the Deep: Turtles Reptiles of the Deep: Sea Snakes Reptiles of the Deep: Saurians Volume 13: Island of Snakes America's Deadliest Snakes Island of Snakes Spitting Cobras Volume 14: Forces of Nature Forces of Nature Wildlife in Combat Swimming with Alligators Volume 15: All About Steve Steve's Most Dangerous Adventures Steve's Most Dangerous Crocodile Captures Operation Steve Volume 16: African Adventures Reptiles of the Lost Continent Dangerous Africans Africa's Final Frontier Volume 17: Surfing Snakes & Where Devils Run Wild Where the Devils Run Wild Last Waterholes of the Outback A Handful of Elephants Surfing Snakes Big Croc Diaries (Special Edition) They Shoot Crocodiles, Don't They? Volume 18: River of the Damned Wildest Baby Animal Video River of the Damned Casper: The White Crocodile (Extended) Crocs in the City Tigers of Shark Bay Ice Breaker References External links Australia Zoo Official Homepage", "title": "List of The Crocodile Hunter episodes" }, { "docid": "31593644", "text": "Gavin Rees Stenhouse (born 4 April 1986) is an English actor best known for television series reboot, Kung Fu, Black Mirror episode: \"San Junipero\", and Life-Size 2. Early life Stenhouse was born and raised in Hong Kong and later moved to Lewes, England. His parents were an airline pilot and a teacher. He trained at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama. Career Stenhouse has had small roles in the TV series Sofia's Diary (2008), Off the Hook (2009), American Horror Story: Coven (2013), Major Crimes (2013), and Person of Interest (2014). He also appeared in the film The Malay Chronicles: Bloodlines (2011). Stenhouse played Marquess of Dorset in the 2014 touring theatre production of Richard III (play) with Kevin Spacey, directed by Sam Mendes. They performed over 200 times on three continents. The tour was followed by a documentary film crew, resulting in NOW: In the Wings on a World Stage. In 2015, Stenhouse appeared as Alex O'Connor in the spy TV series, Allegiance. The same year, it was also announced that he would appear in the film Skybound. In 2016, he appeared in \"San Junipero\", an episode of the anthology series, Black Mirror. Stenhouse co-starred in 2018's Freeform's Life-Size 2 opposite Tyra Banks and Francia Raisa. In 2020, Stenhouse was cast as a series regular in The CW's modern reboot of Kung Fu. On May 3, 2021, Kung Fu was renewed by The CW for a second season. Filmography References External links 1986 births Living people Alumni of the Guildhall School of Music and Drama 21st-century Hong Kong male actors Male actors from Sussex Actors from Lewes", "title": "Gavin Stenhouse" }, { "docid": "44654711", "text": "\"White Bear\" is the second episode of the second series of the British science fiction anthology series Black Mirror. It was written by the series creator and showrunner Charlie Brooker and directed by Carl Tibbetts. The episode follows Victoria (Lenora Crichlow), a woman who does not remember who she is, and wakes up in a place where almost everybody is controlled by a television signal. Along with some of the few other unaffected people (Michael Smiley and Tuppence Middleton), she must stop the \"White Bear\" transmitter while surviving merciless pursuers. Brooker originally wrote the episode in an apocalyptic setting, but when the script was about to be filmed at a former Royal Air Force base, he changed it because of a fence he saw there. He rewrote the story in two days, removing some details he considered useful for a sequel story. The main change was the addition of a plot twist at the end of the script, which was noted as the most impressive aspect of the episode by several reviewers. The episode, first aired on Channel 4 on 18 February 2013, was watched by 1.2 million viewers and was very well received by critics, particularly for its writing and Middleton's performance. The story draws parallels with real murder cases, primarily the 1960s Moors murders, in which five children were killed. Its horror aspects have been said to be reminiscent of the 1970s film The Wicker Man and the video game Manhunt, while some similarities with The Twilight Zone have also been noted. This dystopian episode reflects upon several aspects of contemporary society, such as media coverage of murders, technology's effects on people's empathy, desensitisation, violence as entertainment, vigilantism, the concept of justice and punishment, and the nature of reality. Plot A woman (Lenora Crichlow) wakes up with amnesia, in a house where television screens are showing an unknown symbol. Turning the screens off, she finds photos of herself and a man (Nick Ofield), along with one of a small girl (Imani Jackman) which she takes with her. She leaves the house and pleads for help, but people ignore her while recording her on their phones. When a masked man opens fire at her with a shotgun, she flees and meets Jem (Tuppence Middleton). Jem explains that the symbol began appearing on television and mobile phone screens, turning most people into passive voyeurs. The woman and Jem are unaffected, but they are also a target for the \"hunters\", unaffected humans who act sadistically. Jem plans to reach a transmitter at \"White Bear\" to destroy it. As they travel, Baxter (Michael Smiley), a man who also seems unaffected, picks them up. He turns out to be another hunter, and holds them at gunpoint in a forest, where he tries to torture the woman, but Jem kills Baxter first. They continue travelling to the transmitter; when they reach it, two hunters attack them. The woman wrestles a shotgun away from a hunter and fires at her attacker, but the gun only", "title": "White Bear (Black Mirror)" }, { "docid": "56238071", "text": "Milanka Brooks (born 12 September 1983) is an English actress, known for her roles as Ionela for 2 seasons of Benidorm (2015–2016) and Elena Tulaska in \"USS Callister\" from Black Mirror (2017) and as Princess Svetlana in the Channel 4 British royal family parody The Windsors in 2020. Education Milanka Brooks was born in London, England, on 12 September 1983, to her mother Mileva Brooks, who was a model, and father Harry Brooks Jr., an actor/writer. Brooks graduated from The Drama Centre London, Class of 2008/2009. Career Brooks first appeared on screen in 2009 in two French films: Spy(ies) and King Guillaume. Her first appearance on British television was in 2011, and was in her role as Francesca in series 11 of the BBC TV sitcom My Family. In 2012, Brooks appeared as a model in episode 1 of Joanna Lumley's TV comedy series Little Crackers, and as Elena in the BBC comedy Boomers in 2014. From 2015 to 2016, Brooks in the seventh and eighth series of ITV's Benidorm, portraying Ionela the fiancée of Geoff Maltby, who was played by Johnny Vegas. Brooks appeared as Svetlana in the Catherine Tate television film Do Not Disturb in 2016. In 2017, Brooks portrayed a TV presenter in the SyndicateRoom funded film Gun Shy alongside Antonio Banderas. In December 2017 she appeared as the blue-skinned Elena Tulaska in \"USS Callister\", the first episode of series 4 of Black Mirror alongside Jesse Plemons. Milanka also appeared in the Disney feature film Patrick in 2018. In 2019, Brooks had a role in the ITV drama Cleaning Up, and starred as Stasia in episode 3 of Four Weddings and a Funeral alongside Andie MacDowell and Jamie Demetriou in 2019. Brooks portrayed the role of Princess Svetlana in the series 3 episode 4 of the Channel 4 British royal family parody The Windsors in 2020. Filmography Film Television References External links Milanka Brooks twitter 1983 births 21st-century English actresses Alumni of the Drama Centre London Actresses from London English film actresses English television actresses Living people", "title": "Milanka Brooks" }, { "docid": "34529104", "text": "Daniel Marvin Sheridan (September 3, 1916 – June 29, 1963<ref name=\"EMTreDMS\">Truitt, Evelyn Mack (1977). Who Was Who on Screen. :. p. 422. .</ref>) was an Irish-American actor who appeared in more than thirty-five television series between 1957 and his death at the age of forty-six in 1963. He was cast in forty-one episodes of the ABC/Warner Brothers western series, Lawman, usually as the bartender, Jake Summers. Early life and career Born in Ireland, Sheridan was honored for his service during World War II with the Australian Military Cross, the Anzac Military Medal, the United States Silver Star, and the French Croix de Guerre. A supporting player, he also appeared in several films, including Cry of the City with Victor Mature and Shelley Winters, Bullwhip with Guy Madison and Rhonda Fleming, and Cole Younger, Gunfighter. In 1959 he played Doc Baxter in the \"Duel at Sundown\" episode of Maverick starring James Garner and Clint Eastwood, an ABC/WB western. Two years earlier in 1957 he also appeared as a derby-topped yahoo in the series' episode \"Ghost Rider\". Later that same first season he played the butler in the episode \"Black Fire\" with Garner and Hans Conreid. He played Sheriff McVey in \"The Rifleman\" S1 E24 \"The Trade\" which aired 3/9/1959. Other television series in which Sheridan appeared, often several times in various roles, include Alfred Hitchcock Presents, The Untouchables with Robert Stack, The Rough Riders, Bat Masterson with Gene Barry, Yancy Derringer with Jock Mahoney, Jefferson Drum, Have Gun - Will Travel with Richard Boone, Colt .45 with Wayde Preston, The Rebel with Nick Adams, Gunsmoke with James Arness, Bronco with Ty Hardin, Cheyenne with Clint Walker, Tales of Wells Fargo with Dale Robertson, Bonanza, The Virginian, Rawhide, Checkmate with Sebastian Cabot and Doug McClure, and Route 66. In 1962 Sheridan appeared as Pilbeam on The Virginian in the episode \"Big Day, Great Day.\" In 1963 Sheridan appeared as Brakeman on The Virginian in the episode \"Run Away Home.\" Selected filmography Alfred Hitchcock Presents (1957) (Season 2 Episode 36: \"Father and Son\") as Second Sergeant Alfred Hitchcock Presents (1958) (Season 3 Episode 34: \"The Crocodile Case\") as Sergeant Rason References Further reading Currie, Gordon (January 13, 1958). \"TV Gossip: Meet Dan Sheridan\". The Sydney Morning Herald. p. 15 Gilmore, Jim (August 19, 1959). \"Jim Gilmore\". The Vancouver Sun''. p. 31 External links 1916 births 1963 deaths American male television actors American male film actors 20th-century American male actors Western (genre) television actors Irish emigrants to the United States", "title": "Dan Sheridan" }, { "docid": "40250590", "text": "John Bramwell Alderson (10 April 1916 – 4 August 2006) was an English actor noted for playing the lead in the 1957–58 syndicated western television series, Boots and Saddles, which ran for thirty-eight episodes in a single season, and many supporting roles in films in a career spanning almost forty years, from 1951 to 1990. Alderson was cast as the rugged trail guide Hugh Glass, an historical figure, in the 1966 episode \"Hugh Glass Meets the Bear\" of the syndicated series, Death Valley Days. Others in the episode were Morgan Woodward as Thomas Fitzpatrick, Victor French as Louis Baptiste and Tris Coffin. Biography Alderson was born to a mining family in the village of Horden, County Durham, England. After a brief teenage career at the colliery he opted to instead join the Royal Artillery, rising to the rank of Major. Upon leaving the services he married a United States citizen and immigrated to the US, where he began his acting career. Filmography Film Selected television appearances Gunsmoke (1955) - Nash Alfred Hitchcock Presents (1956) (Season 1 Episode 31: \"The Gentleman From America\") - Attendant Alfred Hitchcock Presents (1958) (Season 3 Episode 34: \"The Crocodile Case\") - Inspector Karsiak Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color (1958-1959, Episodes: \"The Swamp Fox\" and \"Texas John Slaughter\") - Sergeant Duncan MacGregor / Sergeant McDonald Yancy Derringer (1958) - Marble Fingers Black Saddle (1959) - Big Sam Davis Lawman (1959) - Jack Brace Border Patrol (1959) - Curley Colt .45 (1959) - Captain Hudson's Bay (1959) - Boggs Adventures in Paradise (1960-1961) - Sean Casey / Darcy / Palsson / Harry Pine Follow the Sun (1961) - Mervin Taggert Have Gun – Will Travel (1958-1962) - Rusty Doggett / Max Clay Maverick (1959-1962) - Simon Girty / Captain Bly / Zindler / Ben Chapman Tales of Wells Fargo (1960-1962) - Gage / Clay Arvin Bronco (1962) - Francis Randolph Going My Way (1963) - Mr. Larkin Gunsmoke (1955-1963) - Canby / Ab Laster / Nash Arrest and Trial (1963) - Bartender The Alfred Hitchcock Hour (1964) (Season 2 Episode 18: \"Final Escape\") - The 3rd Guard Combat! (1964) - Sergeant Rawlings The Rogues (1965) - Bill Bonanza (1961-1966) - Hugh Gwylnedd / Montague Blue Light (1966) - Gorlek / Gorleck Doctor Who (1966, in the serial The Gunfighters) - Wyatt Earp Death Valley Days (1964-1966) - John Tunstall / Hank Butterford / Hugh Glass / Joe Meek / Big Mac ‘’Time Tunnel’’ (1966 TV series) - Season 1 Episode 16 - The Revenge of Robin Hood as Little John The Wild Wild West (1967) - Clive Marchmount The Guns of Will Sonnett (1968) - Sheriff Mission: Impossible (1970) - Follet The Persuaders! (1971) - Kyle Sandor Rod Serling's Night Gallery (1972) - Granger (segment \"Lindemann's Catch\") Philip Marlowe, Private Eye (1983) - Gaff Talley In 1966, the first four episodes of Blue Light were edited together to create the theatrical film I Deal in Danger. Alderson's Blue Light appearance was included in the film. References", "title": "John Alderson (actor)" }, { "docid": "23774668", "text": "Amy Beth Hayes (born 8 October 1982) is a British actress. She is best known for her roles as Kitty in Mr Selfridge; Lucy in \"The Entire History of You\", an episode of Black Mirror; Ruth in Misfits; Clem in Shameless; Amy in The Syndicate; and Maxine Fox in Sirens. She has also appeared in Doctor Who and Secret Diary of a Call Girl. Early life Hayes was born in Abergavenny, Wales, but grew up in Darlington, County Durham, England. Her first taste of acting was as a 14 year old at the National Youth Theatre, she joined a course with much older students and decided to pursue acting as a possible career path. However, first she chose the academic route, studying English Literature and Language at Keble College, Oxford. After graduating, she enrolled at the Central School of Speech and Drama for three years. Career Hayes career started with a 4 month stay in Romania, filming Eva, later released in 2009. Her screen debut came in 2008, in Doctor Who, episode \"The Stolen Earth\", and the same year she was cast in a lead role in the ITV drama Whatever It Takes. Hayes appeared in the 2009 Romanian film Eva, and in Micro Men, a BBC-made film charting the rise and fall of the home computer industry in the United Kingdom in the early 1980s, where she played Cynthia alongside Martin Freeman. In 2009, she played Ruth, an old woman restored temporarily to her younger self by a peculiar thunder storm, in E4's superhero comedy-drama Misfits. In 2011 she played Lucy in \"The Entire History of You\", an episode of the anthology series Black Mirror created by Charlie Brooker. In 2012, she starred in BBC drama The Syndicate, alongside Timothy Spall, playing the girlfriend of one of the lottery winners. From 2012, she appeared in the ITV drama Mr Selfridge as Kitty Hawkins Edwards. In 2013, she appeared as Rosemary in the Norwegian comedy-gangster television series Lilyhammer, alongside Steve van Zandt. In 2019, Hayes played Charlotte Bellinge in an episode of the Acorn TV series Agatha Raisin. In 2020, she played the role of Lady Trowbridge in Netflix's Bridgerton. In 2021, she starred in Lenny Henry's Three Little Birds . Theatre In 2008, Hayes appeared in On the Waterfront directed by Steven Berkoff. She received a nomination for Best Supporting Actress at the Manchester Evening News Theatre Awards for her work in True Love Lies (2009), at the Royal Exchange, Manchester. She appeared in Jerusalem in 2010, with Mark Rylance, and in Linda at the Royal Court Theatre (2015-2016). and Hayes received a nomination for Best Supporting Actress at the Manchester Evening News Theatre Awards for her work in True Love Lies at the Royal Exchange, Manchester. Acting credits Film Television Audio dramas Theatre References External links 1982 births 21st-century British actresses Alumni of the Royal Central School of Speech and Drama British television actresses British film actresses Living people People from Abergavenny", "title": "Amy Beth Hayes" }, { "docid": "28465900", "text": "Lake Placid 3 is a 2010 American made-for-television horror comedy film directed by Griff Furst. It is a sequel to Lake Placid 2 (2007) and the third installment in the Lake Placid film series. The film premiered on August 21, 2010, on Syfy, and was released to DVD later that year. Plot A year after the events of the second film at Black Lake, in Aroostook County, Maine, young couple April and Jason go skinny dipping and are attacked and killed by a group of baby crocodiles. Meanwhile, at the house of the deceased Sadie Bickerman, her nephew Nathan, his wife Susan, and their son Connor, are cleaning out the house so they can sell it. However, sheriff Tony Willinger soon arrives, and convinces Nathan and Susan not to sell. Connor chases an escaped pet lizard down to the lake where he encounters the baby crocodiles that eat the lizard and begins to secretly feed them. Two years later, Connor has continued to feed the now adult crocodiles stolen meat from the supermarket, but he is soon caught for shoplifting by Dimitri and sent home by Susan to his babysitter Vica. However, Connor goes to the lake to feed the crocodiles, followed by Vica; who is attacked while her dog Teddy is eaten. Vica, whose arm is badly injured, finds Susan at Sadie's house, where they tend to Vica's arm and Connor confesses to feeding the crocodiles out of spite for a pet and due to the fact that his parents haven't been spending time with him. Meanwhile, Nathan is searching the lake; due to a number of elk disappearances. He meets four teenagers - Ellie, Tara, Aaron and Charlie - who are camping on the lake. The teenagers show Nathan an elk head they previously found, leading Nathan to believe that it was the act of hunter Reba, but the head disappears before he can show it to Tony. Nevertheless, he persuades Tony to search the lake to ensure that it is clear of crocodiles. While the teenagers camp, they decide to go swimming and the girls go into the woods to strip off their clothes and get into their bikinis. Charlie spies on them and watches them stripping their clothes and taking pictures, but he is then eaten by a crocodile. Reba is approached by teenager Brett, to help him find his girlfriend Ellie; who he fears will be taken advantage of by Aaron. Reba agrees and takes Brett out onto the lake in her boat with Jonas and Walt. As they stop to hunt elk, a crocodile attacks the boat and knocks the group into the water. Walt is devoured, but the others escape to shore and are stranded in the woods. After hours, Ellie and Aaron search for the missing Charlie, leaving Tara by the lake where she is killed by a crocodile. Ellie and Aaron return to find her missing, so they decide to try and get help. They discover Charlie's corpse, then find Brett's", "title": "Lake Placid 3" }, { "docid": "46786422", "text": "Adventure Unlimited is a 1965 Australian anthology TV series. It was produced by Lee Robinson and associate produced by Joy Cavill. The directors included Ken Hannam. It was made by Waratah Film Productions a short lived company that came out of an unsuccessful attempt to gain a third commercial television licence. It has been described as \"surprisingly obscure\" considering the talent involved. Broadcast history The series was made in 1963, but was not shown in Sydney until 1965, airing on Channel Ten on Friday nights at 7.30. An episode appears to have aired on Thursday, 30 September 1965. It was not seen in Melbourne until 1968, where it started 15 September. It sold to Canadian television and screened there in 1965. Episodes Ten episodes were completed, three episodes were abandoned mid-production and a further 13 episodes were planned. Production Five episodes were shot in New Guinea – \"The Rivals\", \"Uncontrolled Territory\", \"The Rescue\", \"The Witness\", and \"Silver Backed Brushes\". Tom Oliver called the result of \"Silver Backed Brushes\" \"awful\" and \"terrible\". Gwen Plumb wrote in her memoirs that \"Crocodile\" was shot in 1961 in East Arnhem Land, from Darwin. Plumb wrote \"we were told it was a rich man's safari camp where brave sportsmen from all over the world, and particularly America, shot crocodiles, water buffaloes, kangaroos - anything that moved. So Sophie [Stewart] and I packed a couple of cocktail frocks. It was the biggest dump you could ever imagine.\" Plumb says conditions were unsanitary, water buffalo would wanted through the camp at will\", and the camp 'was run by a looney called Alan Stewart who wore a pistol in his belt.'\" A crocodile was brought in from the aquarium in Darwin and Plumb says it passed out in the heat. She enjoyed filming at a lagoon, and a plane that flew in beer every night. \"One night it didn't and we mutinied till they send another,\" wrote Plumb. The National Film and Sound Archive holds a copy of \"The Buffalo Hunters\", though it is listed there as episode 6. Reception The episode titled \"Adventure Unlimited\" was reviewed in the Sydney Morning Herald by Kylie Tennant who said \"besides being dull it was slow\". References External links Adventure Unlimited at Milesago Adventure Unlimited at National Film and Sound Archive 1965 Australian television series debuts Australian anthology television series 1965 Australian television series endings", "title": "Adventure Unlimited" }, { "docid": "43219709", "text": "Brenna Harding (born May 19, 1996) is an Australian actress, best known for her role as Sue Knight in the television series Puberty Blues, and her role in \"Arkangel\", an episode in the anthology series Black Mirror. Career Harding's first television appearance was in 2004, appearing in a clip for Play Schools \"Through the Window\" segment. The clip showed Harding and her two mothers on a trip to an amusement park, and attracted controversy from the media and politicians for showing homosexual parents. Harding began performing in the late 2000s through holiday drama courses, then moved on to television roles with an appearance in My Place and a three-episode run in season 3 of Packed to the Rafters. Her first major television role was as Sue Knight in Puberty Blues, one of the two teenage girls who were the main characters of the 1979 novel of the same name. Harding's role in the series led to her receiving the 2013 Logie Award for Most Popular New Female Talent, as well as being nominated for the 2013 Logie Award for Most Outstanding Newcomer, and nominated for the AACTA Award for Best Young Actor at the 2nd AACTA Awards in 2013. In 2017, she appeared in \"Arkangel\", an episode in the series Black Mirror. Philanthropy Harding is a campaigner for LGBT rights, appearing with her mothers before the 2009 New South Wales parliamentary inquiry into same-sex adoption reform. As of 2012, she was the president of gay rights group \"Wear it Purple\". She is also credited as one of the authors of the children's books The Rainbow Cubby House, Koalas on Parade, Going to Fair Day and My House, along with her mother Vicki. In 2015, Brenna founded Sydney-based feminist collective Moonlight Feminists. Filmography Television Film References External links 21st-century Australian actresses Australian television actresses Living people Logie Award winners Place of birth missing (living people) 1996 births 21st-century Australian people", "title": "Brenna Harding" }, { "docid": "49441125", "text": "Animated Crocodile (), abbreviated as MuK, was a Soviet satirical animated series for adults. It was produced by Soyuzmultfilm and directed by various people. Between 1960 and 1961 6 issues have been released (3 per year). Each episode consisted of several short unrelated stories, except the 4th episode Out into the Open which had a single plot devoted to the topic of water pollution. Multiplikatsionniy Krokodil was popular with the audience. The protagonist of series was the Red Crocodile (), the mascot of a Soviet satirical magazine Krokodil. He was voiced by Ivan Lyubeznov in the first episodes and then by Lev Lyubetsky. The voice cast also included Georgy Vitsin, Sergey Martinson, Anatoli Papanov, Lev Potyomkin and others, as well as starting Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev. See also Fitil References Russian political satire External links Multiplikatsionniy Krokodil at www.animator.ru https://www.kinopoisk.ru/film/1044425/cast/ 1960 in animation 1960s Soviet television series Soviet animated television series Animated satirical television series Soyuzmultfilm", "title": "Animated Crocodile" }, { "docid": "2790805", "text": "Dark Mirror or The Dark Mirror may refer to: Films The Dark Mirror (1920 film), a silent drama starring Dorothy Dalton The Dark Mirror (1946 film), a psychological thriller directed by Robert Siodmak starring Olivia de Havilland Dark Mirror (1984 film), a television film starring Stephen Collins Dark Mirror (2007 film), a film directed by Pablo Proenza, starring Lisa Vidal Literature The Dark Mirror, a 1920 novel by Louis Joseph Vance The Dark Mirror, a 1966 Michael Faraday crime fiction novel by Basil Copper \"Dark Mirror\", a 1993 short story in the R. A. Salvatore bibliography Dark Mirror (Star Trek novel), a 1994 novel by Diane Duane Dark Mirror (Angel novel), an 2004 novel based on the American TV series Angel The Dark Mirror (Marillier novel), a 2004 historical fantasy in The Bridei Chronicles series by Juliet Marillier X-Men: Dark Mirror, a 2005 novel by Marjorie Liu Other uses Syphon Filter: Dark Mirror, a PlayStation 2 and PlayStation Portable video game a 2020 book by Barton Gellman, Dark Mirror: Edward Snowden and the American Surveillance State See also \"In a Mirror, Darkly\", a 2005 episode of Star Trek Enterprise A Scanner Darkly, a 1977 science fiction novel by Philip K. Dick, and a 2006 film Black Mirror (disambiguation)", "title": "Dark Mirror" }, { "docid": "51180950", "text": "\"Hated in the Nation\" is the sixth and final episode in the third series of the British science fiction anthology series Black Mirror. Written by series creator and showrunner Charlie Brooker and directed by James Hawes, it premiered on Netflix on 21 October 2016, along with the rest of series three. It is the longest episode of Black Mirror, at 89 minutes. A Nordic noir-inspired episode, \"Hated in the Nation\" follows Detectives Karin Parke (Kelly Macdonald) and Blue Coulson (Faye Marsay) as they investigate a spate of deaths targeting the subjects of social media hatred, at the hands of Autonomous Drone Insects (ADIs) that have been deployed to combat environmental catastrophe as bees near extinction. It was filmed largely in London. Informed by Brooker's experience of receiving hate mail after writing a 2004 Guardian column that disparaged George W. Bush, the episode drew comparison to The X-Files and explored themes including government surveillance and environmentalism. Across mostly positive reviews, critics praised the acting but gave mixed comments on the story and episode's length. It received middling rankings on Black Mirror instalments by quality. Plot Before a public inquiry, London Detective Chief Inspector Karin Parke (Kelly Macdonald) explains her role investigating the death of Jo Powers (Elizabeth Berrington), a controversial far-right journalist found dead after writing a widely condemned column that derided a self-immolating disability rights activist. Parke works with Trainee Detective Constable Blue Coulson (Faye Marsay) and Nick Shelton (Joe Armstrong). Powers' hospitalised husband claims that she cut her own throat with a wine bottle. Parke and Coulson talk to a primary school teacher who sent Powers a cake with \"fucking bitch\" iced on it. She tweeted \"#DeathTo @JoPowersWriter\", but denies violent intent. The next day, the rapper Tusk (Charles Babalola)—attacked on social media after insulting a child fan—has a seizure and dies in an MRI machine as its magnetic field pulls a metallic object out of his brain, through his eye socket. The object is an autonomous drone insect (ADI), created by Granular and deployed by the government to replace near-extinct bees. An ADI is found in Powers' brain, also. Parke and Coulson talk to Rasmus Sjoberg (Jonas Karlsson) at Granular and find an ADI with odd behaviour. Shaun Li (Benedict Wong) begins work on the case on behalf of the National Crime Agency (NCA). Coulson finds #DeathTo was started by spambots posting a \"Game of Consequences\" video, where the most-mentioned person with the hashtag each day will be killed. Currently top is Clara Meades (Holli Dempsey), who posed for an inappropriate photo at a war memorial. Meades is taken to a safe house. Granular lose control of all ADIs, which surround the house. Parke and Coulson try to protect Meades, but an ADI infiltrates and kills her. Coulson deduces that the ADIs use facial recognition and Sjoberg reveals that the government use them to surveil citizens. Meanwhile, the public and news media realise the consequences of #DeathTo. The most-mentioned person is now Chancellor Tom Pickering (Ben Miles). Parke", "title": "Hated in the Nation" }, { "docid": "8124818", "text": "David Aldrin Slade (born 26 September 1969) is a British film and television director and actor. His works include the films Hard Candy, 30 Days of Night and The Twilight Saga: Eclipse. Slade is also a director for television, directing episodes for Breaking Bad, Awake, Hannibal, Crossbones, Powers, American Gods and Black Mirror. Before he was a film director, Slade was a director of commercials and music videos. Life and career He started his career making amateur music videos for local bands in the south of England. He had his films processed by an elderly woman who developed super 8 films for cheap in her bathtub. His first professional job was directing a commercial for the video game Silent Hill, for the English market. His first feature film, Hard Candy, was released in 2005 by Lions Gate Entertainment, who purchased the independent movie at the Sundance Film Festival. He went on to direct the vampire film 30 Days of Night in 2007. Slade directed The Twilight Saga: Eclipse, the third film in the Twilight film series. In a Twitter post, Slade listed his favorite films as Performance, Wings of Desire, 2001: A Space Odyssey, A Clockwork Orange, and Possession. Slade also attributes Performance as his main inspiration for becoming a film director. Filmography Feature films Hard Candy (2005) 30 Days of Night (2007) The Twilight Saga: Eclipse (2010) Nightmare Cinema (2018) (segment: This Way to Egress) Black Mirror: Bandersnatch (2018) Dark Harvest (2023) Music videos Scheer's \"Wish You Were Dead\" Beaumont Hannant's \"Utuba\" DJ Hooligan's \"Rave Nation\" Speedy J's \"Symmetry\" (animated video piece titled \"Corpus Porpoise Posthumous Non Polhemus\") EMF's \"Bleeding You Dry\" Aphex Twin's \"Donkey Rhubarb\" Collapsed Lung's \"Eat My Goal\" LFO's \"Tied Up\" C. J. Bolland's \"Sugar Is Sweeter\" Babybird's \"If You'll Be Mine\" DJ Rap's \"Good to Be Alive\" (original UK version) 3 Colours Red's \"Beautiful Day\" Apollo 440's \"Stop the Rock\" Stone Temple Pilots' \"Sour Girl\" OPM's \"Heaven Is a Halfpipe\" Maxim's \"Carmen Queasy\" P.O.D.'s \"School of Hard Knocks\" Stereophonics' \"Mr. Writer\" Muse's \"New Born\" Muse's \"Bliss\" Muse's \"Hyper Music\" Muse's \"Feeling Good\" Tori Amos' \"Strange Little Girl\" David Gray's \"This Year's Love\" System of a Down's \"Aerials\" The Music's \"Take the Long Road and Walk It\" Rob Dougan's \"Clubbed to Death\" Starsailor's \"Poor Misguided Fool\" AFI's \"Girl's Not Grey\" Turin Brakes' \"Pain Killer\" The Killers' \"Goodnight, Travel Well\" for UNICEF in conjunction with MTV EXIT Short films I Smell Quality (1994) Do Geese See God? (2004) MEATDOG: What's Fer Dinner (2008) Television series Breaking Bad Episode 4.03 – \"Open House\" Awake Episode 1.01 – \"Pilot\" Hannibal Episode 1.01 – \"Apéritif\" Episode 1.03 – \"Potage\" Episode 1.13 – \"Savoureux\" Episode 2.11 – \"Kō No Mono\" Episode 2.13 – \"Mizumono\" Crossbones Episode 1.01 – \"The Devil's Dominion\" Powers Episode 1.01 – \"Pilot\" Episode 1.02 – \"Like a Power\" American Gods Episode 1.01 – \"The Bone Orchard\" Episode 1.02 – \"The Secret of Spoons\" Episode 1.03 – \"Head Full of Snow\" Black Mirror Episode 4.05 – \"Metalhead\" Black", "title": "David Slade" }, { "docid": "44137388", "text": "\"The National Anthem\" is the series premiere of the British science fiction anthology series Black Mirror. Written by series creator and showrunner Charlie Brooker, it was directed by Otto Bathurst and first aired on Channel 4 on 4 December 2011. In the episode, a member of the British royal family is kidnapped and will only be released if the British prime minister Michael Callow (Rory Kinnear) has sexual intercourse with a pig on live television. Scenes follow government attempts to track the kidnapper, news coverage of the unfolding events and public reaction. \"The National Anthem\" had several inspirations, the idea originally conceived by Brooker years previous, with broadcaster Terry Wogan in place of a prime minister. It had a deliberately serious tone. Reviewers identified themes including the spread of information across social media, the relationship between politicians and the public, and the role of news media. The episode garnered seven-day ratings of 2.07million viewers, alongside many viewer complaints to broadcasting regulatory body Ofcom. Mostly positive professional reviews found the episode to be a good opener for the series, plausible in its storyline and well-acted, though some critics dissented. On average, reviewers have ranked the episode middling in comparison to other Black Mirror instalments. The episode was later compared to Piggate, an anecdote published in the 2015 biography Call Me Dave, which alleged that British prime minister of the time, David Cameron, had placed a \"private part of his anatomy\" into a dead pig's head as an initiation rite at university. Plot British prime minister Michael Callow (Rory Kinnear) is woken at night to learn that Princess Susannah (Lydia Wilson), a beloved royal, has been kidnapped. As ransom, the kidnapper demands that the prime minister have sexual intercourse with a pig, live on national television. These demands were posted on YouTube and have been viewed by tens of thousands of people, whilst the topic is trending on Twitter. In the morning, news media stop complying with a DSMA-Notice issued by the government which requested that they not broadcast the story. Within hours, tens of millions have seen the video. Unbeknownst to Callow, Home Secretary Alex Cairns (Lindsay Duncan) orders Special Agent Callett (Alex Macqueen) to arrange for footage to be fabricated. Callett plans for Callow's head to be digitally composited on porn star Rod Senseless (Jay Simpson), a difficult task given the kidnapper's technical specifications for the broadcast. After a person at the studio tweets an image of Senseless, the kidnapper sends a news channel a severed finger and a video of Susannah writhing in pain as punishment. In a sharp change of opinion, a majority of the public now expect Callow to follow the kidnapper's demands, to the distress of Callow's wife Jane (Anna Wilson-Jones). Meanwhile, an armed team raid a building from where the YouTube video was first uploaded, but it is a decoy. The journalist Malaika (Chetna Pandya) learned of the raid from a government staff member to whom she sent sexually explicit selfies. Having filmed the scene,", "title": "The National Anthem (Black Mirror)" }, { "docid": "60961376", "text": "Anne Sewitsky (born 12 January 1978) is a Norwegian film director. Her 2010 film Happy, Happy was selected as the Norwegian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 84th Academy Awards, but did not make the final shortlist. In 2015, her film Homesick was one of three films shortlisted by Norway to be their submission for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film at the 88th Academy Awards, but it lost out to The Wave. In 2019, she directed the Black Mirror episode \"Rachel, Jack and Ashley Too\"; and the episodes \"Ties That Bind\" and \"The Laughing Place\" from the TV series Castle Rock. Filmography Himmelblå (2008), four episodes Happy, Happy (2010) Totally True Love (2011) Homesick (2015) 2018 Anne Sewitsky film Sonja – The White Swan \"Rachel, Jack and Ashley Too\" (2019), episode of the TV series Black Mirror \"Ties That Bind\" (2019) and \"The Laughing Place\" (2019), episode of the TV series Castle Rock. \"Port Funchon, LA\" (2020), episode of the TV series Monsterland. A Very British Scandal' (2021) BBC historical drama television miniseries References External links Living people 1978 births Norwegian film directors Norwegian women film directors", "title": "Anne Sewitsky" }, { "docid": "1014383", "text": "Susannah Doyle (born 5 July 1966) is an English actress, notable for her roles as Joy Merryweather in Drop The Dead Donkey (1991–1998), and as Avril Burke in Ballykissangel (2001). Her other credits include Scandal (1989), The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles (1993), A Touch of Frost (1997), Midsomer Murders, Don't Go Breaking My Heart (1999), About a Boy (2002), episode \"The Fisher King\" (2004), The Revenge Files of Alistair Fury (2008), \"Shut Up and Dance\", from Black Mirror (2016), Josh (TV series) (2016), and The Last Vermeer (2020). Early life The daughter of the Irish actor Tony Doyle, she realised that she wished to follow in his footsteps when, aged about five or six, she was taken to see him work, often in tiny theatres with audience and actors close together. She trained at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art. Career Her big TV break came in 1991 with the role of Joy, the intelligent, acid-tongued secretary and foil to her corporate-speak boss, in the Channel 4 comedy Drop The Dead Donkey. Other TV roles followed, including Minder in 1994, two episodes of Soldier, Soldier in 1996 and A Touch of Frost in 1997. When her father died in 2000, the producers of Ballykissangel asked whether she would join the cast. She had reservations over her ability to cope emotionally but took on the part of Avril Burke in 2001. In 2001, she also appeared in an episode of Cold Feet and one of Pie in the Sky. In 2004, she guest starred as Vanessa Stone in Midsomer Murders, episode \"The Fisher King\" (2004). In 2008, she starred as Celia Fury in the CBBC television series The Revenge Files of Alistair Fury, which won won the BAFTA for Best Children's Drama Award. In 2010 she appeared in \"Your Sudden Death Question\", S4:E3 of Lewis. In 2012 she appeared in an episode of police comedy Vexed. In October 2013, she appeared in Sarah Rutherford's Adult Supervision at Park Theatre (London). In 2016, she appeared in \"Shut Up and Dance\", an episode of the anthology series Black Mirror. Director Doyle started as a film director in 2005, writing and directing the short film New Religion. Filmography Scandal (1989) ... Jackie Drop The Dead Donkey (1991–1998) ... Joy Merryweather The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles (1993) ... Maggie Lemass Don't Go Breaking My Heart (1999) ... Diane Ballykissangel (2001) ... Avril Burke About a Boy (2002) ... Bitter Ex-Girlfriend Midsomer Murders - The Fisher King (2004) ... Vanessa Stone The Revenge Files of Alistair Fury ... Celia Fury A Congregation of Ghosts (2009) .... Barbara Baxter Black Mirror: \"Shut Up and Dance\" (2016) .... Blackmailed Woman Josh (TV series) (2016) The Last Vermeer (2020)... Johana References External links 1966 births Living people Actors from the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames Actresses from London Alumni of Richmond upon Thames College Alumni of the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art English film actresses English film directors English film producers English people of", "title": "Susannah Doyle" }, { "docid": "73653496", "text": "\"Mazey Day\" is the fourth episode of the sixth series of the anthology series Black Mirror. It was written by series creator Charlie Brooker and directed by Uta Briesewitz. Alongside the rest of the sixth series, it premiered on Netflix on 15 June 2023. It tells the story of Bo (Zazie Beetz), a paparazza, and Mazey Day (Clara Rugaard), an actress hiding from the media after a car accident. At 40 minutes, it is the shortest Black Mirror episode. With its title character's transformation into a werewolf, it is the first supernatural horror episode in the show. Brooker wrote it after the sixth series episode \"Demon 79\", another horror story, and aimed to broaden the scope of the programme. Filming took place in June 2022 in Spain. Set in 2006, the depicted paparazzi pursuit of Mazey was compared to media attention on Britney Spears, Paris Hilton and Lindsay Lohan. Details such as a full moon foreshadow Mazey's reveal as a werewolf. This twist was widely criticised by reviewers, along with the episode's premise and themes. Many critics considered \"Mazey Day\" the worst episode of the sixth series and one of the worst in the show. Plot In 2006, a paparazza named Bo (Zazie Beetz) takes photographic evidence at a motel of a male celebrity having an affair with a man. He offers her $500 to delete the photos, but she sells them for $300 each, and the celebrity kills himself. Bo's colleagues Hector (Danny Ramirez), Whitty (Robbie Tann) and Duke (James P. Rees) are unsympathetic. They harass a celebrity whose sex tape has gone public: Whitty provokes her with misogynistic slurs and threatens legal action when she reacts. Bo decides to quit the profession. The actress Mazey Day (Clara Rugaard) quits a film shoot in the Czech Republic after a hit and run under the influence of wine and hallucinogenic mushrooms and disappears from the public eye. A $30,000 reward is offered for the first image of her. Bo, who was confronted by her flatmate Nathan (David Rysdahl) over late rent, tracks Mazey to a film producer's mansion via a takeaway place she mentioned in a magazine article. Mazey, tortured by flashbacks, smashes up the living room overnight and Dr. Babich (Kenneth Collard) arranges for her to stay at a New Age rehab for the weekend. Bo follows the car, but the driver stops at a diner to slash her tyres. She calls Hector to take them on motorbike to the rehab; Whitty has a tracker on the motorbike and arrives with Duke. The four paparazzi break into the rehab and find Mazey chained up in a cabin with goats. As Bo undoes her chains, the others take dozens of photos. Mazey warns them to leave. As the full moon emerges, Mazey turns into a werewolf. Whitty and Duke continue taking pictures and are killed, and Bo and Hector try to escape. Hector's motorbike is struck by a car and the driver is attacked by the werewolf as Bo and", "title": "Mazey Day (Black Mirror)" }, { "docid": "5115267", "text": "Which Is Witch is a Looney Tunes cartoon released by Warner Bros. in 1949, directed by Friz Freleng and written by Tedd Pierce. The cartoon was released on December 3, 1949, and features Bugs Bunny. Plot Bugs Bunny finds himself in Dark Africa, where a short witch doctor named Dr. I.C. Spots tries to use him in a potion. Realizing he's about to be cooked, Bugs escapes, with Dr. Spots in hot pursuit. Despite a failed attempt to disguise himself, Bugs manages to elude the witch doctor by swimming to a ferry boat. Dr. Spots follows but meets his demise when a crocodile devours him. Despite their conflict, Bugs retrieves Dr. Spots from the crocodile's belly, now clad in crocodile skin attire. Making a sarcastic comment about the new fashion, Bugs emerges victorious from the encounter, even sporting a crocodile skin handbag. Analysis Which Is Witch contains racially insensitive depictions of Africans, perpetuating harmful stereotypes. These include portraying a cannibal character with exaggerated features, such as a large lip plug depicted as a phonograph record. It is noteworthy that Warner Bros. discontinued the use of such racial caricatures by the late 1940s. Consequently, this marks the final instance within the Bugs Bunny cartoon series to showcase these offensive portrayals of Black individuals. Due to its racially charged content, the film is seldom aired on television in contemporary times. Reception The Film Daily reviewed the film on January 1, 1950: \"When Dr. Ugh, Witch Doctor extraordinary for a tribe of little people, decides it's time to leave. The jungle medico learns he can't split the hare, and B.B. emerges victorious once more. Wonderful cartoon.\" References External links 1949 films 1949 short films 1949 animated films 1940s Warner Bros. animated short films Looney Tunes shorts Short films directed by Friz Freleng Bugs Bunny films Animated films about crocodilians Films set in Africa Race-related controversies in animation Race-related controversies in film 1940s English-language films Films about witch doctors", "title": "Which Is Witch" }, { "docid": "2137039", "text": "Beyond the Sea may refer to: Music \"Beyond the Sea\" (song), a popular 1946 song Beyond the Sea (Dark Moor album), 2005 Beyond the Sea (K album), 2006 Beyond the Sea, a 2004 album by Frank Marocco Film and television Beyond the Sea (2004 film), a film about Bobby Darin starring Kevin Spacey Beyond the Sea (1991 film), an Israeli drama film Beyond the Sea (audio drama), an audio drama based on the TV series Doctor Who \"Beyond the Sea\" (Generator Rex), an episode of Generator Rex \"Beyond the Sea\" (The X-Files), an episode of The X-Files \"Beyond the Sea\" (Black Mirror), an episode of Black Mirror", "title": "Beyond the Sea" }, { "docid": "2106186", "text": "A crocodile is a large reptile of the family Crocodylidae. Crocodile(s), The Crocodile(s) or Le Crocodile may also refer to: Fiction Michael \"Crocodile\" Dundee, film character Crocodile (1980 film), a Thai film directed by Sompote Sands Crocodile (1996 film), a Korean film directed by Kim Ki-duk Crocodile (2000 film), a film directed by Tobe Hooper The Crocodile (film), a 2005 Cambodian film Le Crocodile (cancelled film), France \"Crocodile\" (Dexter), episode of US TV series \"The Crocodile\" (Once Upon a Time), episode of US TV series \"Crocodile\" (Black Mirror), episode of TV series \"The Crocodile\" (short story), by Fyodor Dostoyevsky, 1865 \"Crocodile\" (fairy tale), children's fantasy poem by Korney Chukovsky, 1916-1917 Crocodile (One Piece), a character in manga and anime series Mr. Gold (\"the Crocodile\"), a character in US TV series Once Upon a Time Music Ah ! Les crocodiles, a French children's song Crocodiles (band), US The Crocodiles, a New Zealand pop band Crocodiles (album), by Echo & The Bunnymen, 1980 \"Crocodile\" (song), by Underworld \"Crocodile\", a song by The Coasters \"Crocodile\", a song by XTC from Nonsuch The Crocodile, a music venue in Seattle, Washington, U.S. Le Crocodile, an 1886 opera by Jules Massenet and Victorien Sardou In the military HMS Crocodile, four ships of the Royal Navy Churchill Crocodile, a UK WWII flamethrowing tank a nickname for the Mil Mi-24, a Soviet attack helicopter Crocodile Armoured Personnel Carrier, Rhodesia/Zimbabwe Transport Crocodile (locomotive), electric Crocodile (train protection system), or Le Crocodile, used in France, Belgium and Luxembourg Crocodile or walking bus, escorted young schoolchildren walking together Places Crocodile River (disambiguation) Lake Timsah or Crocodile Lake, in the Nile delta Central Island or Crocodile Island, Lake Turkana, Kenya Crocodile Islands, Northern Territory, Australia Crocodile Creek, near Bouldercombe, Queensland, Australia Sports Cologne Crocodiles, an American football club, Germany Coritiba Crocodiles, an American football team, Paraná, Brazil Seinajoki Crocodiles, an American football team, Finland Townsville Crocodiles, a basketball team, Queensland, Australia Crocodile Trophy, a mountain bike race, Queensland, Australia People with the nickname Crocodile (pharaoh), ancient Egyptian protodynastic ruler René Lacoste (1904–1996), French tennis player Emmerson Mnangagwa, Zimbabwean politician Ernest Rutherford (1871–1937), physicist Other uses Crocodile (Carrington), a painting and a sculpture Crocodile clip, an electrical connector Crocodile Garments See also Au Crocodile, a French restaurant in Strasburg Crocodilefish (disambiguation) Croco (disambiguation) Krokodil (disambiguation) Croc (disambiguation)", "title": "Crocodile (disambiguation)" }, { "docid": "4751936", "text": "Oscar James (born 25 July 1942) is a Trinidadian actor who is based in the United Kingdom. He has had a long and varied career, but is best known for appearing on British television, in particular the BBC soap opera EastEnders, in which he was one of the original 23 cast members as Tony Carpenter, a role he played for over two years. Early life James was born in Trinidad, and had a poor upbringing. He came to the United Kingdom in the 1950s. He initially worked as a taxi driver, a dish-washer and also a gymnast, but he always had aspirations to be an entertainer and followed his dream by becoming an actor. Career Roles for black actors were sparse during James' early career, but he persevered to become the fourth black actor to join the Royal Shakespeare Company and the first black actor to play Macbeth. In 1972, he co-founded with fellow actor Alton Kumalo the first black British theatre company, Temba (the name derived from the Zulu word for \"hope\"), initially to produce new black writing from Britain and South Africa. Temba staged the first British production of Athol Fugard's Sizwe Bansi is Dead. James had early roles in television programmes such as Softly, Softly (1966); Love Thy Neighbour (1975); Quiller (1975); Till Death Us Do Part (1975); The Goodies (the 1975 episode \"South Africa\", in which he played Enoch Powell); Gangsters (1976); Angels (1976); The Professionals; Out (1978); Minder (1979); Shoestring (1980); Tales of the Unexpected (1981) and The Gentle Touch (1984). He was the first black actor to appear in the ITV soap opera Emmerdale Farm in 1978 as Antony Moeketsi, an African teacher who taught Seth Armstrong to read. However, he is best known for his role as Tony Carpenter in the BBC television soap opera EastEnders. James was one of the original cast members, appearing in the series from its debut in 1985 until 1987. Other TV credits include: Minder in the Series 1 episode \"Come in T-64, Your Time Is Ticking Away\" (1979), Casualty (1996), Lovejoy (1994), London's Burning (2002), Doctors (2002; 2005), The Bill (2006), Crocodile Shoes II (2006), The Line of Beauty (2006), Holby City (2006), Dream Team (2002), Afterlife (2005) and the television drama Angel Cake (2006). He has also appeared in several films, including the 1977 film Black Joy, where he played loan shark Jomo, and the 2005 Tim Burton adaptation of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, where he played the shopkeeper in whose shop Charlie Bucket finds the final Golden Ticket. In 2004, James played Herbert in Oxford Road: the Story, a radio play in which he worked alongside Doña Croll, an actress with whom he had previously worked in Kwame Kwei-Armah's play Elmina's Kitchen at the National Theatre. Elmina's Kitchen was adapted into a BBC Four televised film in 2005, in which James also starred. Personal life James resides in North London. Partial filmography A Matter of Choice (1963) - Dancing man at club (uncredited) Man", "title": "Oscar James" }, { "docid": "33136476", "text": "Das Haus der Krokodile (roughly translated as House of Crocodiles) is a 1976 German children's television miniseries based on the 1971 mystery novel by Helmut Ballot. Directed by Wilhelm ten Haaf, and starring Tommi Ohrner, the six-part miniseries premiered on the ARD on February 22, 1976. Synopsis Playing alone one night while his parents are on vacation, twelve-year-old Victor Laroche (Tommi Ohrner) glimpses a mysterious masked man behind him in the mirror and soon begins to uncover a mystery surrounding the death of a girl named Cecilia who fell over a stair railing in the house 20 years earlier. Although not entirely convinced of his story, Victor's sisters Cora (Carolin Ohrner) and Louise (Evelyn Palek) agree to help him investigate the girl's mysterious death. With the help of an elderly uncle who was Cecilia's father (Oskar Schwab) and an old friend of Cecilia's (Robert Naegele), the Laroche children piece together the mystery of the death of their cousin, the unknown man in the mirror, and a little leather crocodile they find with strange gleaming eyes. Cast Tommi Ohrner: Victor Laroche Carolin Ohrner: Cora Laroche Evelyn Palek: Louise Laroche Robert Naegele: Friedrich Mörlin Oskar von Schwab: Onkel Erik Jelde: Herr Opitz Nora Minor: Frau Debisch Matthias Eysen: Herr von Strichninsky Episodes 1. Der Mann im Spiegel (The Man in the Mirror) 2. Der nächtliche Besucher (The Nocturnal Visitor) 3. Die Geburtstagsfeier (The Birthday Celebration) 4. Eine neue Entdeckung (A New Discovery) 5. Gewitter in der Nacht (Storm in the Night) 6. Ein unerwartetes Geständnis (An Unexpected Confession) Feature film In October 2011 it was announced that a feature film adaptation of the story was being filmed. The film was released on March 21, 2012 and starred Kristo Ferkic as Victor and his real-life siblings Joanna and Vijessna Ferkic as Cora and Louise. Tommi Ohrner, who played Victor in the original series, also appeared in the film, this time in a cameo role as Victor's father. References External links 1976 German television series debuts 1976 German television series endings German children's television series Television shows based on children's books Television shows based on German novels German-language television shows Das Erste original programming", "title": "Das Haus der Krokodile" }, { "docid": "46644915", "text": "Lake Placid is a series of American natural horror comedy films created by David E. Kelley. Produced and distributed by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment, the series began with Lake Placid (1999) directed by Steve Miner, and was followed by five television sequels, Lake Placid 2 (2007) by David Flores, Lake Placid 3 (2010) by Griff Furst, Lake Placid: The Final Chapter (2012) by Don Michael Paul, Lake Placid vs. Anaconda (2015) by A.B. Stone, being a crossover with the Anaconda series, and Lake Placid: Legacy (2018) by Darrell Roodt. Each installment revolves around the presence of giant, 30-foot-long man-eating crocodiles in the fictional location of Black Lake, Maine, and the efforts of various groups to capture or destroy the creatures. All of the films (except for Legacy) reference members of the fictitious Bickerman family. Background During the production of the original film, Stan Winston Studios were hired to produce the 30 feet long animatronic crocodile, which was covered in a water-resistant urethane skin and functioned underwater using waterproofed hydraulics. In 2014, following the re-release of the original film on Blu-ray, Daily Dead interviewed director Steve Miner about the production of the film. According to Miner: \"The first thing I did when I got on board Lake Placid was send the script over to Stan. Stan went ahead and began building the main 18-20 foot croc out of pocket even before we had locked down our financing or anything like that. He may have spent close to a million dollars on him- it may not have been that much, but it was close. And that’s such a testament to Stan- I kept telling him that I didn’t even know if we were going to be making the darned movie, but he just kept moving ahead. What I didn’t know when I took on Lake Placid was that it had already been turned down by all the studios so when it came time to put the movie together, it was a little more challenging than I originally thought it was going to be. That’s when I brought in Mike Medavoy and he really got this movie done for us. We started making the rounds again and eventually Fox ended up picking up the movie the second time. Mike then brought these French investors over to Stan’s shop to see the crocodile in action and Stan finished that thing up just in the nick of time. It ended up working out so perfectly though because Stan had the croc working perfectly where his jaws would open and close, his eyes and head were able to move around and he could move the other parts and shake him like he was attacking something. That’s what ended up impressing the investors and it’s because of Stan that we were able to finance Lake Placid. Had it not been for him or for Mike, we wouldn’t be talking about it now\". Films Lake Placid (1999) A group attempts to destroy a giant, 30-foot-long man-eating crocodile, which", "title": "Lake Placid (film series)" }, { "docid": "59480957", "text": "Black Mirror: Bandersnatch is a 2018 interactive film in the science fiction anthology series Black Mirror. It was written by series creator Charlie Brooker and directed by David Slade. The film premiered on Netflix on 28 December 2018, its release date only officially announced the day before. Netflix did not confirm the interactive nature of Bandersnatch until its release, though there was much media speculation. In Bandersnatch, viewers make decisions for the main character, the young programmer Stefan Butler (Fionn Whitehead), who is adapting a fantasy gamebook into a video game in 1984. Other characters include Mohan Thakur (Asim Chaudhry) and Colin Ritman (Will Poulter), who work at a video game company; Stefan's father, Peter (Craig Parkinson); and Stefan's therapist, Dr. Haynes (Alice Lowe). A postmodernist work with free will as a central theme, the film was named after a real video game planned for release by Imagine Software in 1984, the game in turn named after the bandersnatch, a creature of Lewis Carroll's creation. Brooker and executive producer Annabel Jones were approached by Netflix about making an interactive film in May 2017, during which time Netflix had several such projects for children underway. Difficulty in writing the highly non-linear script led to Netflix's creation of a bespoke program called Branch Manager; the unique nature of the content required adaptations in the platform's use of cache memory. Bandersnatch was originally to be part of Black Mirrors fifth series, but its lengthy production led to its release as a standalone film, delaying the fifth series to June 2019. Critics praised the technical design of the film but criticised the story's characterisation. There was mixed commentary about the narrative and the extent to which viewer choices affected the story. The film received average rankings in critics' lists of Black Mirror instalments by quality, but garnered numerous awards and nominations, winning two Primetime Emmy Awards. A lawsuit filed by Chooseco over the film's use of the term \"choose-your-own-adventure\" was filed in January 2019 and settled in November 2020. Synopsis Format Bandersnatch is an interactive film. A brief tutorial, specific to the device being streamed on, explains to the viewer how to make choices. When presented with a choice point, the user has ten seconds to make a choice or a default decision is made for them. The average viewing is 90 minutes, though the quickest path ends after 40 minutes. There are 150 minutes of unique footage divided into 250 segments, yielding over one trillion possible paths that the viewer can take. In some cases, the same scene is reachable in multiple different ways but will present the viewer with different choices based on the way they reached it. In other cases, certain loops guide viewers to a specific narrative regardless of the choices they make. Netflix reported that there are five \"main\" endings, with variants within each ending; some endings are intercut with credits, similar to other Black Mirror episodes. Producer Russell McLean said there are between ten and twelve endings, some", "title": "Black Mirror: Bandersnatch" }, { "docid": "30102473", "text": "Deadly... is a strand of British wildlife documentary programming aimed principally at children and young people, which is broadcast on CBBC on BBC One and Two and on the CBBC Channel. It is presented by Steve Backshall, with Naomi Wilkinson as co-host on Live 'n Deadly, and Barney Harwood as co-host on Natural Born Hunters. The strand began with a single series known as Deadly 60, and has subsequently expanded into a number of spin-offs, re-edits and follow-up versions. Deadly 60 Each series shows Backshall and his camera crew travelling the world in an attempt to find another 60 of the \"most deadly\" animals in the world. In each episode, Backshall tracks several animals in its habitat, and giving details of what makes the animal notable, with particular emphasis on its impact on the wider ecosystem and the manner of its predatory behaviour; thus, why it is \"deadly\". Deadly 60 is distributed by BBC Worldwide to many other countries, including in the US on NatGeo Wild from August 2011. Live 'n Deadly Live 'n Deadly is a spin-off series to Deadly 60, with 10 live shows and 3 non-live specials. This series is a live magazine program hosted by Steve Backshall and Naomi Wilkinson, which features a range of magazine content, features and games relating to animals and wildlife, and also uses its live broadcast to encourage interactivity with the viewing audience. The program was a touring series, with episodes filmed live on location from areas around the UK. The first series of Live 'n Deadly aired on BBC Two (simulcast with CBBC Channel) on Saturday mornings at 9:00 am in between September and December 2010. In addition to the live Saturday show, a public roadshow event was also held the following day in the general area that the program had visited that week (though never in exactly the same location). These roadshows were run by BBC Learning and featured a number of hands-on wildlife-related activities for children and families, and footage from the roadshow events was broadcast the following Saturday as part of the following live programme. Series 2 of Live 'n' Deadly aired between September and December 2011. Deadly 60 Bites This is a series of short filler programmes consisting of individual animals' segments of Deadly 60 cut down into a 5- to 10-minute standalone segment; this is often used as a filler between programmes on the CBBC channel. Deadly Art In 2011 a spin-off show was broadcast called Deadly Art, which airs as a short filler programme on weekdays. Series 1 Alligator snapping turtle, piranha, saltwater crocodile, brown bear, wolves, African killer bees, hippos, African fish eagle, king cobra, shark, lynx, mountain gorilla, tuna, rattlesnake, tiger, ghost bat, tarsier, wolverine, red back spider, chameleon, praying mantis, peregrine falcon, donkey, vulture, pangolin, Tasmanian devil Series 2 Goliath birdeater, snow leopard, tokay gecko, aye aye, squid, scorpion, scutigera centipede, lion, wrinkle-lipped bats, barracuda, black eagle, chimpanzee, dolphin, Nile crocodile, pit viper, hornet, lionfish, reticulated python, giant anteater, black tip", "title": "Deadly (franchise)" }, { "docid": "10484958", "text": "Don's Fountain of Youth is a 1953 American animated short film by Walt Disney Productions featuring Donald Duck. Plot Donald and his nephews are in Donald's car on vacation in Florida, and pass by an \"old Spanish fort\". The nephews, however, are more interested in their comic book, refusing to look up from it. Donald's car begins to overheat, which sends him scrambling to find a source of water for his radiator. He comes across a small pond with a sign reading \"This spring was mistaken for the Fountain Of Youth\". Donald decides to use this to trick the boys, with the intent of making them believe Donald is experiencing dramatic reverse aging. Donald breaks off the top half of the sign, leaving only the bottom portion reading \"The Fountain of Youth\", and yells for help to get the boys' attention. The boys find Donald wearing a baby bonnet and exhibiting baby-like behavior, including tearing pages from their comic book. \"Baby\" Donald's outlandish behavior causes the boys to decide that some discipline is called for, and the boys go off to find a tree branch to use as a switch. However, Donald uses this time to steal an egg from a nearby sleeping crocodile, place it where he had just been standing, and put his baby bonnet on it to fool the boys into thinking he has further regressed to an egg. Donald watches from a nearby hiding spot alongside the very crocodile he stole the egg from (who had just woken up from Donald sitting on him). As the boys lament losing their Uncle to the reverse aging process, Donald attempts to share a laugh with the crocodile, who soon discovers that his egg is missing and Donald is the culprit. Enraged, the crocodile whacks Donald on the head with his tail and a dazed Donald sits on his egg. He then chases the triplets for the egg and they throw it to coincidentally where Donald is. As Donald gets out of his daze from having the egg bounce off him, the two crocodile eggs hatch, imprinting the baby crocodiles into thinking Donald is in fact their dad. After further time spent evading the crocodile, Donald suffers a concussion that puts him into a stupor, after which the boys see him stumbling. Reuniting with the triplets, the baby crocodiles come up to Donald excitedly, so Donald and the kids run to the car and make a hasty exit. The babies begin to cry from Donald getting away. The crocodile is reunited with his babies, but due to their earlier imprinting onto Donald, they are terrified at the sight of their biological daddy. The daddy crocodile quacks, which causes his babies to accept him after all. Voice cast Clarence Nash as Donald Duck, Huey, Dewey and Louie Releases 1953 - theatrical release 1954 - Disneyland, episode #1.4: \"The Donald Duck Story\" (TV) 1961 - Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color, episode #8.11: \"Kids Is Kids\" (TV) 1972 - The Mouse", "title": "Don's Fountain of Youth" }, { "docid": "21139759", "text": "Going Wild with Jeff Corwin is a nature documentary television series produced and aired in the late 1990s on the Disney Channel. Hosted by Jeff Corwin, the show lasted for three seasons from August 10, 1997, to June 13, 1999, before it was canceled. The show was first announced in an August 1997, simultaneously with another nature-oriented Disney show, Omba Mokomba. In the show, Corwin travels to natural places around the world, including Florida, South Africa, Papua New Guinea, Death Valley, and Hawaii, searching for wild animals. In each episode, Jeff searches for a \"Feature Creature\", and always finds it at the end of the episode. Creatures previously featured include manatees, cobras, crocodiles, bighorn sheep, dolphins, and bears. As he explores, Jeff looks for \"Creature Clues\" to help him find the animal. In some episodes, Jeff also explores ancient ruins, including, Gila Cliff Dwellings, Port Arthur, Rhyolite, and Ayutthaya. Episodes Season 1 (1997) Belize (Blue Creek Rainforest Preserve) (August 10, 1997) South Dakota (Black Hills) (August 17, 1997) Wyoming (Yellowstone National Park) (August 24, 1997) Montana (Glacier National Park) (August 31, 1997) Belize II (Barrier Reef) (September 7, 1997) Florida (Everglades National Park) (September 14, 1997) South Africa (Ndzalama Reserve) (September 21, 1997) Florida II (Homosassa River) (September 28, 1997) South Africa II (Djuma Reserve) (October 5, 1997) Idaho (Snake River Canyon) (October 12, 1997) Arizona (Sonoran Desert) (October 19, 1997) Kenya (Tsavo East National Park) (October 26, 1997) New York (New York City) (November 2, 1997) New Mexico (Gila National Forest) (November 9, 1997) Florida III (Florida Keys) (November 16, 1997) Colorado (Rocky Mountain National Park) (November 23, 1997) Season 2 (1998) Venezuela (Llanos) (August 2, 1998) Costa Rica (Corcovado National Park) (August 9, 1998) California (Death Valley National Park) (August 16, 1998) Mexico (Baja California) (August 23, 1998) Louisiana (Atchafalaya Swamp) (September 13, 1998) Costa Rica II (Rincon De La Vieja) (September 27, 1998) California II (Angeles National Forest) (October 11, 1998) Tennessee (Great Smoky Mountains National Park) (November 1, 1998) Borneo (Bako National Park) (November 8, 1998) Washington (Olympic National Park) (November 22, 1998) Thailand (Khao Sok National Park) (December 13, 1998) Season 3 (1999) Alaska (Katmai National Park) (January 17, 1999) Washington II (North Cascades National Park) (January 24, 1999) Thailand II (Khao Yai National Park) (March 7, 1999) California III (Monterey Bay) (April 22, 1999) Hawaiian Islands (Hawaii) (April 25, 1999) Papua New Guinea (Morobe Province) (May 2, 1999) Australia (Tasmania) (May 9, 1999) Kentucky (Mammoth Cave National Park) (May 16, 1999) Australia II (Central Australia) (May 23, 1999) Micronesia (Palau) (May 30, 1999) Canada (Hudson Bay, Manitoba) (June 6, 1999) Australia III (Daintree National Park) (June 13, 1999) Filming Jeff and his crew filmed in some of the most exotic places in the world. In some episodes, they filmed in special wildlife parks. This was revealed in the Special Thanks section of the credits. In some episodes, Jeff also met up with some locals, who gave him hints on where to find his \"Feature", "title": "Going Wild with Jeff Corwin" }, { "docid": "33945838", "text": "Lake Placid: The Final Chapter (also known as Lake Placid 4 or Lake Placid 4: The Final Chapter) is a 2012 American made-for-television action horror comedy film directed by Don Michael Paul, written by David Reed and stars Elisabeth Röhm, Yancy Butler, Paul Nicholls and Robert Englund. It is a sequel to Lake Placid 3 (2010) and the fourth installment in the Lake Placid film series, telling the story of killer crocodiles who terrorize the local community. The film premiered on September 29, 2012, by Syfy and was released on DVD on February 19, 2013. As the title suggests, it was originally intended to be the final installment in the series, but was followed by Lake Placid vs. Anaconda, a crossover with Anaconda film series in 2015. Plot Shortly after the events of the third film, Reba is revealed to still be alive and she kills the last remaining crocodile in the supermarket. One year later, Reba now an EPA agent, returns to Black Lake with Dennis and sheriff Theresa Giove to neutralize an infant crocodile with a tranquilizer. They meet lieutenant Ryan Loffin on land and drive towards a ten-thousand volt fence built by the Army Corps of Engineers. Dennis and a poacher named Jimmy Bickerman sneak into the lake to steal crocodile eggs, but they are attacked by crocodiles. Max, Ryan's son, hears their screams, but is attacked and dragged away by a crocodile. Theresa's daughter, Chloe and her friend, Elaine join the Marshfield Swim Team in a tour bus, which mistakenly goes through the gate (which Max had left open) of the electric-fenced park towards the Black Lake instead of Clear Lake due to the driver not paying attention to where he's going, and the swim team spends the night there having various conversations. Gus, the bus driver, uses the lake as a bathroom, spying on two girls playing in the water, and is killed by a crocodile after the girls leave the water. The next morning, with the police officials on alert, Ryan, Teresa, and Reba search the lake for the students, the swim team decides to ride the lake with jet skis, and one of them, Joey, falls off the jet ski. He is attacked in the water by a swarm of infant crocodiles and killed. A student on the beach is dragged by a crocodile into the water, and another is slain while trying to enter the bus. The other students and the coach make it safely inside the bus before further attacks. Chloe, who has wandered off in the woods, meets Max, who survived, after he fell off a resting platform on top of a tree. The team finds a skeletal part of a crocodile from a crocodile carcass. The swim team continues to run through the woods until they find an abandoned camp and a smaller crocodile. The group flees separately, and Brittany steps into a trap on a rope, and gets strung up on the tree. Her head is severed by", "title": "Lake Placid: The Final Chapter" }, { "docid": "55419390", "text": "The Hatching is a 2014 British black comedy horror film directed and co-written by Michael Anderson. It stars Andrew-Lee Potts, Jack McMullen, Laura Aikman, Thomas Turgoose and Justin Lee Collins. The film's plot follows Tim (Potts), a man who returns to his hometown in Somerset, England, to find that the locals are being menaced by killer crocodiles. The Hatching premiered at the Bath Film Festival in November 2014. Cast Andrew-Lee Potts as Tim Thomas Turgoose as Caesar Laura Aikman as Lucy Jack McMullen as Russell Georgia Henshaw as Britney Danny Kirrane as Lardy Muzz Khan as Baghi Justin Lee Collins as Uncle Stan Deborah Rosan as Cheryl Coal Stevie Alexandria Maxwell as Villager Abigail Hamilton as Miss Dunstan Hazel Atherton as Mrs. Wembridge Production Filming took place in November and December 2013 in West Pennard. Around 60 to 70 Somerset residents volunteered to be background extras, playing such roles as villagers and pub patrons. During production, a crocodile was reported as being sighted in central Bristol, leading members of the public to contact the film's production team, concerned that one of the crocodiles used during filming may have escaped. The animal trainer for the film, Aria Das Neves, stated that, \"While we can confirm we did film with live crocodiles I have contacted the relevant holding zoos and they confirm that all our crocodiles are accounted for.\" Release The Hatching premiered at the Bath Film Festival in Bath, Somerset, on 22 November 2014. A trailer for the film was later released in April 2015. Home media The Hatching was released on DVD in 2016. References External links 2014 comedy horror films 2014 black comedy films British comedy horror films British black comedy films Films about crocodilians Films set in Somerset Films shot in Somerset 2010s English-language films 2010s British films", "title": "The Hatching" }, { "docid": "18559526", "text": "This is a list of the winners of the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Made for Television Movie, which is awarded since 1992. The category was originally called Outstanding Drama or Comedy Special. In 1991, Outstanding Drama or Comedy Special category was merged with Outstanding Miniseries category to form Outstanding Drama or Comedy Special and Miniseries and the number of nominations increased from five to six. For this year, two miniseries had competed with four \"made for television movies\". The following year, 1992, the new category was split to re-form the Outstanding Miniseries and Outstanding Made for Television Movie categories. In 2011, the category was merged with the Outstanding Limited Series category to create the Outstanding Miniseries or Movie category. However, in 2014, the decision was reversed, and the separate Miniseries and Television Movie categories were reinstated. Rules were also changed in 2019 requiring at least a 75-minute runtime for movies to be eligible. In the history of this category, there has been four incidents of ties. The first occurred in 1976 when Eleanor and Franklin: The White House Years tied with Sybil, the second occurred in 1989 when Day One tied with Roe vs. Wade, the third occurred in 1990 when Caroline? tied with The Incident, and the fourth occurred in 1993 when Barbarians at the Gate tied with Stalin. Anthology series In the 1950s and 1960s, anthology series were typically nominated in Drama Series categories. A resurgence of anthology series such as Black Mirror led individual episodes to be nominated for Outstanding Television Movie. Black Mirror won in 2017 with \"San Junipero\" and in 2018 with \"USS Callister\". In 2018, rule changes restricted the category to runtimes of at least 75 minutes. Black Mirror won again in 2019 with the interactive film Bandersnatch, which has a variable runtime, nominally 90 minutes. Netflix petitioned for \"Smithereens\" to be submitted in the category in 2020, despite a 70-minute runtime. This was initially allowed, but it was later entered as Outstanding Drama Series instead. Critics for IndieWire disagreed with ATAS's decisions that Black Mirror fell within the Television Movie scope, as it is episodic. Varietys Michael Schneider noted that it was unclear where else the fifth series could have been nominated due to Drama Series and Limited Series requirements. In 2021, the Limited Series category was renamed Limited or Anthology Series. Winners and nominations 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s Programs with multiple wins 3 wins Black Mirror (consecutive) Producers with multiple awards 4 awards David Susskind 3 awards Charlie Brooker Annabel Jones Harry R. Sherman 2 awards Robert Benedetti Dante Di Loreto Scott Ferguson Glenn Jordan Daniel Melnick Dorothea G. Petrie Marian Rees Jay Roach George Schaefer Aaron Spelling E. Duke Vincent Paula Weinstein Programs with multiple nominations Totals include continuing series, but not sequels or revivals as is the case with Eleanor and Franklin and Eleanor and Franklin: The White House Years, Death of a Salesman and Death of a Salesman, and others. 4 nominations Sherlock 3 nominations", "title": "Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Television Movie" }, { "docid": "37521970", "text": "Leonie Samantha Elliott is an English actress, best known for her role as Lucille Anderson in the BBC series Call the Midwife. She also starred as Cherry Patterson in the Lenny Henry comedy-drama Danny and the Human Zoo. Early life Elliott was born in Brent, London in 1988. Her family emigrated from Jamaica in the 1960s. She began acting at eight years old. She attended the Harris School of speech and drama and trained as an actress at the Identity School of Acting in London. Elliott attended the Ellen Wilkinson School for Girls in Ealing. Career Elliott played Fiona in the British anthology series Black Mirror, in 2016. Also in 2016, she appeared in an episode of the BBC Medical series Casualty. She appeared as Cherry Patterson in the Lenny Henry comedy-drama Danny and the Human Zoo, shown on BBC One in August 2015. Other television appearances include Undercover Heart (1998); Tube Tales (1999); Holby City (2002) and The Bill (2004). She has appeared in several films, including Wondrous Oblivion (1999), written by Paul Morrison; a rite of passage film about an 11-year-old David Wiseman who is mad about cricket but no good at it. She played Jamaican immigrant Judith Samuels, a shy but gifted cricket player who quickly strikes up a friendship with David. Her stage roles include; The Lion King at Lyceum Theatre, London (1998), Annie, UK Tour (1999). In 2012, Elliott appeared in Concrete Jungle written by Bola Agbaje at the Riverside Studios, London. Between November 2015 and January 2016, she appeared in The Lion, The Witch and the Wardrobe at the Birmingham Repertory Theatre in Birmingham. In 2016, Elliott appeared in \"Hated in the Nation\", an episode of the anthology series Black Mirror. In January 2018, she made her debut in the hit BBC series Call the Midwife as Jamaican nurse Lucille Anderson, whose character was based on the many Caribbean nurses who moved to the UK to assist the growing demand of the National Health Service in the 1960s. On 14 September 2019, she appeared on the celebrity edition of The Chase on ITV, where she won £1,000 for the team, before eventually being eliminated in the Final Chase. Filmography Film Television References External links Living people 1988 births Alumni of the Identity School of Acting Black British actresses English television actresses English film actresses English stage actresses Actors from the London Borough of Brent English people of Jamaican descent 20th-century English actresses 21st-century English actresses", "title": "Leonie Elliott" }, { "docid": "45637962", "text": "Lake Placid vs. Anaconda is a 2015 American comedy horror television film directed by A.B. Stone, written by Berkeley Anderson and starring Corin Nemec, Yancy Butler and Robert Englund. The film premiered on April 25, 2015, on Syfy. It is a crossover between the Anaconda film series and Lake Placid film series, and the fifth installment in both their respective series. It is followed by Lake Placid: Legacy (2018) and Anaconda (2024). Plot After surviving the attack in Lake Placid: The Final Chapter, Jim Bickerman; due to his injuries, is left with an eye patch, hook and wooden leg. Working in Black Lake, Maine, with another mercenary named Beach, they capture a female giant crocodile. They take it back to their truck, where two scientists crossbreed its blood with a female giant anaconda to perfect a Blood Orchid serum. However, the crocodile escapes, killing a scientist, and freeing a female and two male anacondas before causing the truck to explode. The explosion destroys part of the electric fence keeping the crocodiles in Black Lake. Beach, Bickerman, and the one remaining scientist survive. A small group of crocodiles also escape. The crocodiles search for food and one kills Daphne Mailer and her boyfriend, while another kills the remaining scientist, and multiple baby crocodiles kill a poacher. The crocodiles eventually make their way to nearby Clear Lake, along with the anacondas. Reba, now the sheriff of Black Lake, calls U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service officer Will \"Tully\" Tull to help recapture the escaped crocodiles. Meanwhile, a group of college sorority girls from Delta Gamma, led by Tiffani and Amber, and two fraternity boys from Sigma Phi, Brett and Andrew, arrive at Clear Lake to initialize some new members, including Margo and Tully's daughter, Bethany. The crocodiles feast upon sorority girls along with Amber (whom Tiffani pushes towards the crocodiles), Brett, Andrew, and Heather (the latter three who were wakeboarding). The survivors run into the forest to get to the cars. The girls left the keys on the beach, but the crocodiles attack the students. One of the girls, Cassie, runs out of Jennifer's car, try to escape, but a crocodile eats her. Tiffani's car is crushed by an anaconda with Jennifer still inside. A crocodile kills Tiffani and the others flee. Deputy Ferguson discovers one of the surviving sorority girls hiding on a boat. The traumatized girl, Melissa, is taken to a hospital, while Tully and Reba continue to search for Bethany. Clear Lake is evacuated by Ferguson. Sarah Murdoch, the sociopathic daughter of the late Peter \"J.D.\" Murdoch and CEO of Wexel Hall Corporation in New York, leads a team of herself, Beach, Bickerman, and two mercenaries and go to capture the female anaconda before it lays its eggs, hoping to finish her father's work. One of the mercenaries is attacked by a crocodile, and Beach is forced to shoot them both. Tully and Reba are attacked by a crocodile, which is in turn attacked by an anaconda, which crushes the", "title": "Lake Placid vs. Anaconda" }, { "docid": "40512350", "text": "From Bedrooms to Billions is a 2014 documentary film by British filmmakers Anthony and Nicola Caulfield that tells the story of the British video games industry from 1979 to the present day. The film focuses on how the creativity and vision of a relatively small number of individuals allowed the UK to play a key, pioneering role in the shaping of the billion dollar video games industry which today dominates the modern world's entertainment landscape. The film features interviews with major British game designers, journalists and musicians from across the last 30 years. The filmmakers originally conceived of the project as a three-part television series, but were unable to garner interest from either the BBC or Channel 4, both of which considered the project \"too niche.\" So the team, inspired by earlier success with their 2010 film Burlesque Undressed, turned instead to crowd funding. The Caulfields raised approximately £80,000 through two rounds of crowd funding with Indiegogo and Kickstarter generating donations of $37,000 and £60,000 respectively. Further funds have been raised through direct donations, pre-orders for DVDs and soundtrack CDs via the From Bedrooms To Billions website which has allowed them to produce the film independently. From Bedrooms to Billions was originally scheduled for release on 30 May 2014. The digital version was eventually launched on 3 October 2014. with DVD & Blu-ray versions released in March 2015. In an interview in early 2019, it was revealed that Black Mirror creator Charlie Brooker had given the stars of Bandersnatch, an interactive episode of the Black Mirror series, a copy of Bedrooms to Billions to help prepare them for the roles, and to give them inspiration. The makers of the documentary made two further films bearing the From Bedrooms to Billions name: The Amiga Years (2016) and The PlayStation Revolution (2020). References External links 2014 films 2014 documentary films British documentary films Documentary films about video games Kickstarter-funded documentaries Video game culture Crowdfunded films 2010s English-language films 2010s British films Video gaming in the United Kingdom", "title": "From Bedrooms to Billions" }, { "docid": "47531166", "text": "Ten Deadliest Snakes with Nigel Marven is a twelve-part wildlife documentary series from 2013 to 2017. It began airing on Eden Channel in 2013. Seasons 1 and 2 were also broadcast on Animal Planet Europe, while season 3 was premiered on Nat Geo Wild UK and later screened on Nat Geo Wild Europe & Africa in 2017. It is presented by Nigel Marven, who travels around the world and in each hour-long episode he counts down his list of ten deadliest snakes in each different country or continent. The series is produced by Image Impact. Episodes Between 2013 and 2017, 3 seasons were produced, each containing 4 episodes, making up 12 episodes in total. Costa Rica Animals featured: 10. yellow-bellied sea snake 9. jumping pit viper 8. side-striped palm pit viper 7. hognose pit viper 6. eyelash pit viper 5. Central American coral snake 4. Neotropical rattlesnake 3. Picado's pit viper 2. terciopelo 1. black-headed bushmaster The programme also includes the Collared aracari, Black-cheeked woodpecker, White-necked jacobin, Crowned woodnymph, Green-breasted mango, Snowcap, Northern caiman lizard, Plumed basilisk, Tent-making bat, bird snake, Granular poison frog, Smooth helmeted iguana, Leafcutter ant, milk snake, American crocodile United States Animals featured: 10. rock rattlesnake 9. sidewinder 8. copperhead 7. timber rattlesnake 6. tiger rattlesnake 5. cottonmouth 4. Eastern coral snake 3. Eastern diamondback rattlesnake 2. Western diamondback rattlesnake 1. Mojave rattlesnake The programme also includes the Sonoran mountain kingsnake, Pantherophis obsoletus, Ring-necked snake, Northern short-tailed shrew, Northern slimy salamander, Texas horned lizard, Florida banded water snake, Scarlet kingsnake, Gopher tortoise, Arizona black rattlesnake, Gila monster, Western hognose snake, Arizona blond tarantula. South Africa Animals featured: 10. Cape coral snake 9. boomslang 8. rinkhals 7. Eastern green mamba 6. Gaboon viper 5. forest cobra 4. Mozambique spitting cobra 3. puff adder 2. Cape cobra 1. black mamba The programme also includes the Angonoka tortoise, Cape sugarbird, Mole snake, Southern right whale, Raucous toad, Cape weaver, Meerkat, Sociable weaver, Cape Vulture. China Animals featured: 10. short-tailed mamushi 9. white-lipped pit viper 8. black-banded sea krait 7. Taiwanese habu 6. Russell's viper 5. Chinese cobra and monocled cobra 4. many-banded krait 3. sharp-nosed viper 2. Mangshan pit viper 1. king cobra The programme also includes the king ratsnake, Elaphe taeniura, Mandarin rat snake, tiger keelback, Ptyas Dhumnades, Formosan rock macaque, Swinhoe's Pheasant, ophisaurus hainanensis, and coconut crab. Malaysia Animals featured: 10. temple pit viper 9. reticulated python 8. red-headed krait 7. Siamese peninsula pit viper 6. mountain pit viper 5. beaked sea snake 4. Malayan pit viper 3. mangrove pit viper 2. King cobra 1. Sumatran spitting cobra and monocled cobra The programme also includes the Elephant trunk snake, Great hornbill, Heteropoda davidbowie, Asian water monitor Australia Animals featured: 10. Red-bellied black snake 9. Inland taipan 8. Common death adder 7. Broad-headed snake 6. Australian copperhead 5. Tiger snake 4. Rough-scaled snake 3. Mulga snake 2. Coastal taipan 1. Eastern brown snake Other Animals Tasmanian Devil, Saltwater crocodile, freshwater snake, Lesueur's velvet gecko, Southern cassowary, Frilled lizard", "title": "Ten Deadliest Snakes with Nigel Marven" }, { "docid": "881405", "text": "Cheburashka (), also known as Topple in earlier English translations, is a fictional character created by Soviet writer Eduard Uspensky in his 1965 children's book Gena the Crocodile and His Friends. The character subsequently appeared as the protagonist in a series of stop-motion animated films directed by Roman Kachanov for Soyuzmultfilm, the first of which was made in 1969, with songs composed by Vladimir Shainsky. Even today little Cheburashka is still renowned in the former Soviet Union, and has been called the \"Soviet Mickey Mouse\" by external observers. Although only four short animated films have been produced featuring Cheburashka, he is still a national symbol in the former USSR and Russia, and is famous outside of it. One reason for his popularity is the message of his stories, which stress that where you're from doesn't matter as much as kindness. History Cheburashka is an iconic Russian cartoon character who later became a popular character in Russian jokes (along with his friend, Gena the Crocodile). According to the creator of the character, Eduard Uspensky, Cheburashka is an \"animal unknown to science\", with large monkey-like ears and a body resembling that of a cub, who lives in a tropical forest. He accidentally gets into a crate of oranges, eats his fill, and falls asleep. The crate is eventually delivered to a grocery store in an unnamed Russian city (hinted to be Moscow), where the rest of the main story unfolds. The puzzled store manager finds the creature in the crate when he opens it, and takes him out and sits him on the table. The creature's paws are numb after staying in the crate for so long, and he tumbles down (, a Russian colloquialism meaning \"tumbled\") from the table, onto the chair, and then onto the floor. This inspires the store manager to name him Cheburashka. Words with this root were archaic in Russian; Uspensky gave them a new lease on life. The Explanatory Dictionary of the Live Great Russian language of Vladimir Dahl gives the meaning of \"cheburashka\" as another name for the roly-poly toy. Original series 1. Gena the Crocodile (1969) 2. Cheburashka (1971) 3. Shapoklyak (1974) 4. Cheburashka Goes to School (1983) Follow-ups Cheburashka Arere? was released by GoHands in Japan, 26 episodes, 2009–2010. In 2007, the new animation, titled Cheburashka was announced by Ffango Entertoyment of South Korea and TV Tokyo Broadband and Frontier Works of Japan. Directed by Makoto Nakamura and written by and Michiru Shimada, premiered on 8 December 2010 in Japan. It consisted of four shorts. One (\"Hello Cheburashka\") is a complete remake of the original Gena the Crocodile cartoon, while the three others (\"Cheburashka and the Circus\" and two episodes of \"Shapoklyak's Consultation Center\") have different stories. The Russian-language compilation film of the Japanese remake shorts also titled premiered in Russia on 5 June 2014, but the distribution was temporarily revoked due to copyright dispute with Eduard Uspensky Later the distribution certificate was restored. The Russian titles of the episodes in it are", "title": "Cheburashka" }, { "docid": "39154341", "text": "Sophia Turkiewicz is an Australian film and television director known for her film Silver City. Silver City, which Turkiewicz began during a six-month stay in Poland, was released internationally and won 3 AFI awards. Turkiewicz has also spent six years as a lecturer in the directing department of the Australian Film, Television and Radio School before leaving to direct Once My Mother. Filmography Film A Handful of Jelly Babies (1976) Letters from Poland (1978) Silver City (1984) Flame (1995) Pacific Drive (1996) Once My Mother (2013). Short-listed for the 2015 Betty Roland Prize for Scriptwriting, New South Wales Premier's Literary Awards. Television Time's Raging (1985) I've Come About the Suicide (1987) The New Adventures of Black Beauty (1992, episodes Sweet Reward and The Detectives) Bananas in Pyjamas (1992, 37 episodes) A Country Practice (1994, episodes Little Girl Lost and Family Business) Mirror, Mirror (1995, season 1, episodes 6 - 10 and 16 - 20) The Wayne Manifesto (1996, director of 4 episodes) Driven Crazy (1998, episodes 1–4) Something in the Air (2001, eight episodes) Escape of the Artful Dodger (2002, six episodes) References External links Living people Australian film directors Australian women film directors Year of birth missing (living people)", "title": "Sophia Turkiewicz" }, { "docid": "20273009", "text": "\"Everything You Do\" is a single by Norwegian pop duo M2M, composed of singers Marion Raven and Marit Larsen. It was the third and final single from their debut album Shades of Purple. It peaked at No. 21 on the Billboard Hot Dance Singles Sales. Release and appearances M2M recorded the original version of \"Everything You Do\" in 1999. In mid-2000 the song was re-recorded with new vocals for its single release and was also sung in Spanish, titled \"Todo Lo Que Haces\" alongside the English version. The official remixes of the song were released in the same year, also using the new vocals. These new vocal versions were then included on special Asian editions of the album released in January 2001 and later released on the group's greatest hits compilation, The Day You Went Away: The Best of M2M. M2M performed the song at a concert at Walt Disney World's Epcot park in February 2000, which aired on an episode of Disney Channel in Concert on 29 April that year. Music video The video shows a futuristic prison where two young men in a futuristic cell watch M2M performing on a makeshift television. M2M are shown to be being filmed performing on a television show. One of the men in the cell uses an electronic device to open a liquid doorway between the cell and where M2M are being filmed. Raven and Larsen step through the doorway; when the appear in the cell they are in different blue clothes that match those of the young men. When the security personnel at the prison notice M2M they attempt to apprehend them, though M2M and the young men escape from the facility to where a black car is parked outside. Pursued by the security personnel, the car disappears through a liquid doorway in the road. When the doorway opens in a field, M2M and the young men are now in a white car and dressed in white clothing. The video ends with footage of M2M and the men running happily through the fields. It was directed by Tryan George and filmed in Toronto, Canada. The video was filmed to the radio version with the new vocals, though occasionally a version edited to the original album version was aired. Track listing International CD Single \"Everything You Do\" (Radio Version) – 4:05 \"Mirror Mirror\" (Live Acoustic) – 3:15 \"Don't Mess with My Love\" (Live Acoustic) – 3:25 US CD Maxi Single \"Everything You Do\" (Groove Brothers Extended Mix) – 5:51 \"Everything You Do\" (Groove Brothers Radio Edit) – 3:53 \"Everything You Do\" (Jonathan Peters Radio Mix) – 3:44 \"Everything You Do\" (Jonathan Peters Club Mix) – 9:12 \"Everything You Do\" (Jonathan Peters Sound Factory Mix) – 9:42 \"Don't Say You Love Me\" (Johnny Vicious Club Mix) - 7:10 \"Don't Say You Love Me\" (Lenny Bertaldo Club Mix) - 6:06 \"Don't Say You Love Me\" (Matt & Vito Mix) - 10:01 \"Don't Say You Love Me\" (Tin Tin Out Remix) - 3:26 \"Mirror Mirror\"", "title": "Everything You Do" }, { "docid": "65753569", "text": "List of reported attacks and species involved in Latin America. Reptiles Snakes Snake bites are a major problem in Latin America, with an estimated 70,000 cases every year. Due to underreporting (likely a result of inadequate transportation or limited communications in rural communities), these numbers are estimated to be much higher. The main species involved in accidents are viperids, especially lanceheads (Bothrops) and rattlesnakes (Crotalus). Within Central America, Panamá records approximately 2,000 bites every year, while Costa Rica has some of the highest lethality rates, at 0.5% of bites resulting in death. In South America, Brazil reports that around 0.42% of bites result in death, with 70-90% of bites in Brazil being caused by lanceheads. The most notorious species include Bothrops asper (Mexico, south to northern South America), Bothrops atrox (in the Amazon Rainforest) and Bothrops jararaca (Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay). Despite their aggressive reputation, and stereotyped as a 'human-chaser', bites by bushmasters (Lachesis) are rare, but the mortality rate is higher. Among elapids, the new-world coral snakes (Leptomicrurus, Micrurus, Micruroides) are responsible for only 1-2% of incidents, while bites by the yellow-bellied sea snake are even more rare. (See Snakebites in Latin America). In Brazil, the South American rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus) is responsible for some of the highest rates of untreated bites leading to death (around 72% of cases); with proper medical treatment and serum, this number is reduced to approx. 11%. Attacks by large snakes, such as the green anaconda (Eunectes murinus), are quite rare due to the snakes generally avoiding noisy human settlements; likewise, the anaconda's preferred habitat is usually dense forest, and virtually inaccessible to people. In 2007, in Brazil, a green anaconda attacked an 8-year-old boy; however, he was saved by his 66-year-old grandfather. Crocodilians Black caiman (Melanosuchus niger) The black caiman is a large crocodilian—one of the largest in the Americas—measuring up to in length, and weighing up to 300 kg. The species occurs in the rivers and lakes of the Amazon Basin, and south to the Pantanal region into northern Argentina. Attacks are uncommon, despite the caiman's grumpy nature, with most incidences affecting fisherman and rural villagers who swim or bathe in caiman-inhabited waterways; in 2010, a 11-year-old boy died from a black caiman attack. The spectacled caiman (Caiman crocodilus) also has been reported to occasionally attack humans in South America. In the sixteen-year period from 2000 to 2016, just 23 fatal attacks by black caiman were recorded, mainly in the Amazon Basin. Orinoco crocodile (Crocodylus intermedius) The Orinoco crocodile is the largest reptilian predator in the Americas, and also the most critically endangered due to humans. Currently only found in Colombia and Venezuela, the color of its body varies from greenish gray and tan to gray, mirrored with dark green. The Orinoco crocodile has short legs with a powerful tail, and the largest recorded animal reached almost in length, but normally they do not exceed long. A small number of better-documented fatal attacks were reported in the 1900s–1930s, when the species was still", "title": "Animal attacks in Latin America" } ]	[ "Iceland" ]
train_31301	what is the name of indian cricket team	[ { "docid": "19997885", "text": "The Zoya Factor is a novel written by Anuja Chauhan, published by HarperCollins India in 2008. It is about a Rajput woman named Zoya Singh Solanki who meets the Indian Cricket Team through her job as an executive in an advertising agency and ends up becoming a lucky charm for the team for the 2011 Cricket World Cup. Chauhan started working on her debut novel in 2006, writing during her spare time. Her work on the Pepsi brand for 13 years at JWT Delhi, where she was Vice President and closely associated with cricket advertising, eventually led to cricket becoming the setting of her novel. Plot summary Zoya Solanki is a client service rep with an advertising agency, who loves everything about her job, especially the brand she has been put in charge of – Zing Cola (Pepsi in a fictional avatar). But when she's made to leave an ad film shoot, featuring none other than Shah Rukh Khan, and has to go to Dhaka to shoot an ad with the Indian cricket team she begins to experience her first pangs of irritation towards the brand. Making matters somewhat worse, the team captain Nikhil Khoda insists on discipline as a norm and cuts her important shoot short. This causes her to stay back a few more days than anticipated and miss the Shah Rukh Khan film shoot. When the men in blue realise that Zoya was born at the very moment India won the first and the only cricket World Cup in 1983, they are startled. What intrigues them more was when they realised that having breakfast with her is followed by victories on the field, and not eating with her results in defeat. They decide she is a lucky charm. As luck would have it, the rag tag team has a sudden spurt of victories and soon the cricket-crazy nation declares her a goddess. Soon, Zoya is invited by the eccentric president of IBCC (Indian Board of Cricket Control, a spoof of BCCI Board of Control for Cricket in India), to accompany the team to the ICC World Cup in Australia. Pursued by international cricket boards on the one hand, and wooed by cola majors on the other, Zoya struggles to stay grounded in the thick of the World Cup action. And it doesn't help that she keeps clashing with the erratically brilliant new Indian skipper, who tells her flatly that he doesn't believe in luck. What follows is a love-hate relationship; attraction and antagonism. Zoya is luck-personified and she never ceases to be the lucky charm for the men-in-blue. Main characters Zoya Singh Solanki- An advertising agent born on 25 June 1983, at the exact moment that India won the Cricket World Cup who lives in Karol Bagh in Delhi with her father and his three brothers' family. She hates Nikhil Khoda in the beginning but soon a romance begins to blossom between them. Whenever she eats breakfast with the Indian Cricket Team they win the following match.", "title": "The Zoya Factor" }, { "docid": "10011338", "text": "Karumanaseri Narayanaiyer Ananthapadmanabhan (born 8 September 1969) is an Indian cricket umpire and former first-class cricketer from the state of Kerala. He played for the India \"A\" national team in international cricket and for South Zone and Kerala in Indian domestic cricket. He is a former captain of Kerala state Ranji Trophy team. He now serves as an umpire at the first-class level and officiates in domestic cricket tournaments in India, including the Ranji Trophy and Indian Premier League. In August 2020, Ananthapadmanabhan was promoted to the International Panel of ICC Umpires. Playing career Ananthapadmanabhan represented his state team Kerala and the South Zone in first-class and List A cricket in India. He also represent India \"A\" team in international cricket. He was a right-arm leg spin bowler and was efficient in bowling leg break and googly. In his first-class career, Ananthapadmanabhan took 344 wickets from the 105 matches he played. He also scored three hundreds, including a double century and thus played the role of an able all-rounder for his team. Ananthapadmanabhan enjoyed a very successful first-class career but could not go on to represent the national team India at the Test or ODI level, largely because his career coincided with the Indian leg spinner Anil Kumble. KN Anathapadamanabhan's miserable tale is one of the untold stories of Indian cricket. Umpiring career Ananthapadmanabhan is now an umpire and has been officiating in major domestic tournaments in India since 2008. During the 2015–16 Ranji Trophy, he stood in the 2nd semi-final between Madhya Pradesh and Mumbai at Cuttack from 13 to 17 February 2016. During the 2016–17 Ranji Trophy, he was officiated in the 2nd semi-final between Gujarat and Jharkhand at Nagpur from 1–5 January 2017. He also stood in matches in the 2016 and 2017 editions of Indian Premier League. In August 2020 he was elevated to the ICC panel of international umpires. He stood in his first Twenty20 International (T20I) match, between India and England on 12 March 2021. He stood in his first One Day International (ODI) match, also between India and England, on 23 March 2021. In January 2024, He was named as one of the sixteen match officials for 2024 Under-19 Cricket World Cup. See also List of One Day International cricket umpires List of Twenty20 International cricket umpires References External links 1969 births Living people Kerala cricketers South Zone cricketers Indian cricketers Indian cricket umpires Indian One Day International cricket umpires Indian Twenty20 International cricket umpires Cricketers from Thiruvananthapuram", "title": "K. N. Ananthapadmanabhan" } ]	[ { "docid": "2017891", "text": "Vijay Singh Madhavji Merchant , (born Vijay Madhavji Thackersey; 12 October 1911 – 27 October 1987) was an Indian cricketer. A right-hand batsman and occasional right-arm medium pace bowler, Merchant played first-class cricket for Bombay cricket team as well as 10 Test matches for India between 1929 and 1951. Behind his limited Test appearances, he dominated Indian domestic cricket – his batting average of 71.64 is the second highest first-class average in history, behind only that of Don Bradman. He is regarded as the founder of the Bombay School of Batsmanship, that placed more importance on right technique, steely temperament, and conservative approach rather than free flow of the bat. His international career included two tours of England upon which he scored over 800 runs. English cricketer C. B. Fry exclaimed \"Let us paint him white and take him with us to Australia as an opener.\" His brother, Uday, also played first-class cricket. Besides cricket, he was also associated with the Hindoostan Spinning & Weaving Mills (Thackersey Group) and was the Sheriff of Bombay in 1970. Domestic Cricket Merchant was born in Bombay, into a wealthy Gujarati family in 1911. He was an \"outstanding college cricketer\" who captained Sydenham College, while studying there; his success for Sydenham led to selection for Hindus cricket team during the 1929 Bombay Quadrangular. He also continued to play for Sydenham and in 1931 he set the record in Bombay inter-collegiate cricket by scoring 504 runs and taking 29 wickets. His continued success in domestic cricket resulted in the call to the India national team to play against the visiting English team at Bombay Gymkhana, which was also the first Test to be played on Indian soil. Throughout his career, Merchant was involved in a rivalry with the other great Indian batsman of the era, Vijay Hazare. In the Bombay Pentangular match against the Rest, he bested Hazare's record of 242, set just in the previous match against the Muslims, with 250 not out. Hazare responded with a 309 out of a team total of 387 in the next innings, in what is generally held the greatest innings ever played in India before 1947. Merchant topped it by scoring 359 against Maharashtra in Ranji trophy. International career Merchant's Test career spanned 18 years but during that time he played only ten Test matches, and was unfortunate that some of the best years of his career were lost to the Second World War, when no international cricket was played. He also missed tours to Australia and the West Indies due to poor health. However, Merchant went out to score 154 in his last Test match against England in Delhi, which was also his highest Test score. A shoulder injury incurred while fielding in that game forced him to retire. All ten matches of Merchant's Test career were against England. Merchant had a particularly successful England tour of 1946. Despite facing difficulty against swing bowling when the ball moved away after pitching on the leg stump, he", "title": "Vijay Merchant" }, { "docid": "38093323", "text": "A cricket team representing the University of the West Indies (UWI) played several matches in West Indian domestic cricket during the early 2000s, and currently plays at lower levels. The university's cricket team has been active since the school's foundation in 1948, and from the 1970s regularly played against touring international teams. With the backing of the university's Pro Vice-Chancellor, Professor Hilary Beckles, the university established a Centre for Cricket Research in 1994, and subsequently upgraded facilities at each of its three campuses, in Barbados, Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago. Again largely due to Beckles' involvement, UWI's team was invited to compete in the 2002–03 and 2003–04 editions of the Red Stripe Bowl, West Indian cricket's domestic limited-overs competition. The team won only one match in two seasons, and was subsequently dropped from the competition. However, prior to the 2007–08 season the university was involved in the establishment of a Combined Campuses and Colleges team, which effectively continues UWI's prior role in West Indian domestic cricket. Grounds at three of the university's campuses—the Sir Frank Worrell Cricket Ground in Mona, Jamaica; the Sir Frank Worrell Memorial Ground in St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago; and the 3Ws Oval in Cave Hill, Barbados—have been used for first-class matches. History Early years The university was founded as the University College of the West Indies (UCWI) in 1948, originally serving as a constituent college of the University of London. With its main campus in Mona, Jamaica, the university gained academic independence in 1962, with new campuses having been established in St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago (1960), and Cave Hill, Barbados (1963). The sport of cricket was played at the school from the beginning, and the university's team participated in the Senior Cup, the main club cricket tournament in Jamaica. Participation in the sport was encouraged by Sir Frank Worrell, who was a member of the UWI's staff after his retirement from playing, and Professor Gladstone Mills, who was chairman of the university's Sports Advisory Committee. At the behest of Mills, in early 1971 the West Indies Cricket Board of Control (WICBC) arranged for the touring New Zealand national cricket team to play a tour match against the university. This trend of visiting teams playing the university continued throughout the 1970s, with matches against India and Australia occurring later in the decade. However, these matches soon ceased, and from the early 1980s cricket matches were usually only played within the university. It was not until the late 1990s and the early 2000s that UWI began to again play a role in West Indian cricket. Led by the university's Pro Vice-Chancellor, Professor Hilary Beckles, a Centre for Cricket Research was established at the Cave Hill campus in 1994, which resulted in the refurbishment of the on-campus 3Ws Oval. Two years later, in 1996, Beckles convinced what was now the West Indies Cricket Board (WICB) to organise a match between the touring New Zealanders and a University of the West Indies Vice Chancellor's XI. Matches between touring", "title": "University of the West Indies cricket team" }, { "docid": "10343059", "text": "Match referee Mike Denness, a former England captain, found six India players guilty of various offences during the second test match of India's 2001 tour of South Africa, played between 16 and 20 November 2001 at St George's Park, Port Elizabeth. The severity of Denness's punishment to an unprecedented six players was viewed by the India media as motivated by racism, outraged the general public and remains controversial to this day. Second Test In the laws of cricket, tampering with the ball is a serious offence, and considered to be cheating. Tendulkar was caught on camera running his nail around the seam of the ball multiple times which was deemed by Denness as falling under rules against cleaning the ball without the umpires permission, but was widely reported as being considered ball tampering. The other incidents were examples of players excessively appealing, and in the case of Sehwag, charging toward the Umpire at the Bowler's end after knowingly claiming a dropped catch. As there were multiple incidents involving multiple players, team captain Sourav Ganguly was also cited for failing to control his team's behaviour. While there had been other incidents of South African players appealing in a similar manner, as these had not been reported to Denness by the on-field umpires, he was unable to intervene. In addition to forfeiture of a certain percentage of their match fees, the following suspensions were handed to the Indian players: Sachin Tendulkar: suspended ban for one Test Match due to not informing the umpire before cleaning the ball. Virender Sehwag: banned for one Test match due to excessive appealing. Sourav Ganguly: suspended ban for one Test match and two One Day Internationals due to inability to control the behaviour of his team. Harbhajan Singh: suspended ban for one Test match due to excessive appealing. Shiv Sunder Das: suspended ban for one Test match due to excessive appealing. Deep Dasgupta: suspended ban for one Test match due to excessive appealing. Denness was heavily criticised for failing to explain his actions at the press conference announcing the punishments, which was caused by the ICC regulations preventing Denness from doing anything more than explaining the charges. Denness himself had not wished to hold the press conference and had been ordered too by the ICC. Indian journalists hounded Denness regarding an alleged failure to fine Shaun Pollock for what Indian reporters described as \"similar\" incidents of excessive appealing. The incident infuriated the Indian cricket establishment, precipitating an international cricketing, political and administrative crisis. In response to Denness's inability to explain his actions at the press conference, former Indian cricketer Ravi Shastri, who was then working as a commentator, stated \"If Mike Denness cannot answer questions, why is he here? We know what he looks like.\" Public outrage, \"Unofficial\" Test and Sehwag's ban There was a huge outrage in India where protestors took to the streets and burnt effigies of Denness. The matter was raised in the Indian parliament, the popular press termed Denness a racist, and the", "title": "Mike Denness and Indian cricket team incident" }, { "docid": "3369198", "text": "Ajaysinhji Jadeja ( born 1 February 1971), known as Ajay Jadeja, is an Indian former professional cricketer, who was a regular member of the Indian cricket team in the One Day International (ODI) format between 1992 and 2000. He played 15 Test matches and 196 ODIs for India. He also occasionally captained the India national cricket team. He was part of the Indian squad which won the 1995 Asia Cup. Presently, Jadeja is working with the Afghanistan cricket team as the team mentor. Due to his alleged involvement in match fixing, on 3 June 2000 Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) life banned him from cricket, later they reduced it to 5 years. On 27 January 2003, Delhi court lifted his ban. However he was never able to play again for Indian cricket team. After he quit playing cricket, he worked as coach of Delhi cricket team around 2015, in 2000s he acted in few Bollywood movies, appeared as contestant in dance reality show Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa and worked as pundit for SET Max, AajTak, NDTV India etc. various times. Personal life Jadeja was born into an erstwhile Nawanagar royal family. which has a cricketing pedigree. His relatives include K. S. Ranjitsinhji, after whom the Ranji Trophy is named, and K. S. Duleepsinhji, for whom the Duleep Trophy is named. Jadeja's Father Daulatsinhji Jadeja was a 3 time Member of Parliament from Jamnagar Loksabha. His mother is a native of Alappuzha in Kerala. Jadeja is married to Aditi Jaitly, the daughter of Jaya Jaitly and the couple have two children, and Ameera. He began his schooling at the Bharatiya Vidya Bhawan, New Delhi. He was subsequently sent to a Rajkumar College in Rajkot. He did not like boarding school, and in a particular year he ran away from there 13 times. He finally settled down at the Sardar Patel Vidyalaya, New Delhi, from where he completed his schooling. He met Aditi Jaitly here. He later went for higher studies to Hindu College, Delhi. International career Jadeja was a regular in the Indian cricket team between 1992 and 2000, playing 15 Test matches and 196 One Day Internationals. He was regarded as one of the best fielders in the Indian team in his time. One of his most memorable innings was his cameo in the 1996 Cricket World Cup quarter-final In Bengaluru against arch rivals Pakistan when he scored 45 off 25 balls, including 40 from the final two overs by Waqar Younis. Jadeja, along with Mohammed Azharuddin, holds the record for the highest one-day partnership 4th and 5th wicket, set against Zimbabwe and Sri Lanka respectively. Jadeja was also renowned for his remarkable fielding and was considered one of the safest pair of hands in the Indian team during his tenure. Another memorable occasion of his career was taking 3 wickets for 3 runs in 1 over against England in Sharjah to win the match for India. Jadeja has captained India in 13 One-day matches. One of favorite", "title": "Ajay Jadeja" }, { "docid": "52255749", "text": "Dr Hormasji Dorabji Kanga also known as HD Kanga (9 April 1880 – 29 December 1945) was an Indian cricketer who played first-class cricket for the Parsis (sometimes spelt Parsees) cricket team between 1899 and 1921 as an all-rounder and opening batsman. He was the first Indian to score a double century in a first-class match, and the Kanga Cricket League is named after him. His older twin brothers Dinshaw and MD also played first-class cricket for Parsees. Career In his cricketing career, Kanga played 43 first-class matches between 1899 and 1921. In a match between Parsis and a Europeans cricket team at the Deccan Gymkhana Ground, Kanga scored his career best score of 233. In doing so, he became the first Indian to score a double century in a first-class match. In 1911, Kanga was part of the All Indian team that toured the British Isles; the team played a number of county cricket and other first-class teams. Kanga also played for the Hampstead Cricket Club in England. After his retirement, Kanga was the President of the Bombay Cricket Association 1930–31 and 1934–35, and was also vice-president of the Board of Control for Cricket in India from 1936 until his death in 1945. Legacy In 1948, three years after his death, the Bombay Cricket Association created the Kanga Cricket League, a monsoon season cricket tournament that they named after Hormasji Kanga. References External links Indian cricketers Cricketers from Mumbai 1880 births 1945 deaths Indian cricket administrators Parsi people from Mumbai H. D. G. Leveson Gower's XI cricketers Parsis cricketers Lord Willingdon's XI cricketers Members of the first Indian cricket team to tour England in 1911 Sportspeople from British India", "title": "Hormasji Kanga" }, { "docid": "938863", "text": "Ijaz Ahmed (Urdu: ) (born 20 September 1968) is a Pakistani cricket coach and former cricketer who played 60 Test matches and 250 One Day Internationals for Pakistan from 1986 to 2001. He was a part of the Pakistani squad which won the 1992 Cricket World Cup. Personal life Born at Sialkot, his family roots lie in the city of Jalandhar, in what is now Indian Punjab, where some of his cousins still live. He is a brother-in-law of former Pakistan international cricketer and captain Saleem Malik. Career Cricket career Ahmed scored six Test centuries against the world's top-ranked side, Australia – a record number of centuries by a Pakistani against Australia, shared with Javed Miandad. However, 33 of his 92 innings yielded single-figure scores, 54 of them yielded scores below 20. Ijaz Ahmed came into the national side at the height of the Imran Khan era, and remained on the fringes for nearly a decade, despite several good scores. Dropped after the 1992 World Cup, he came back strongly the following season and established himself at the pivotal \"one down\" position. He performed poorly at the 1999 World Cup, and the arrival of Younis Khan brought an end to his international career. He formally retired from cricket in 2003. Ahmed's 250 matches is the seventh-highest of all time in Pakistan, behind Shahid Afridi, Inzamam-ul-Haq, Wasim Akram, Saleem Malik, Younis Khan, Waqar Younis and Shoaib Malik. A powerful hitter of the ball, Ahmed became the second Pakistani batsman to score 10 ODI centuries. At Lahore, in 1997, Ahmed collapsed the Indian bowling attack by making a quick century off just 68 balls including 9 sixes, remaining not out for 139; his highest ODI score. In Test cricket, Ahmed scored 12 Test centuries, including his first and only double century against Sri Lanka, when he scored 211. Ahmed is the top scorer for Pakistan side against South Africa. On 21 April 1997, in a Test match against Sri Lanka, Ahmed was at the crease on 97, when a run-out attempt brought ambiguity in the decision. However, replays declared Salim Malik as dismissed, and Ahmad was called back to the crease. This was the first time for a batsman to return from the pavilion to the crease since 1987. In 2009, he was jailed for fake issuance of bank cheques. He was remanded for six weeks in jail and later received a bail. In 2012, a local court charged him with forgery. Coaching career The Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) named fielding coach of that time Ijaz as the national side's batting consultant for the upcoming tour of Zimbabwe. He was later appointed assistant coach of the national team before the upcoming tour of Zimbabwe on request of team management. Ahmed was appointed as the coach of Pakistan's Under-19 cricket team on 20 October 2019. He was the head coach for Lahore Qalandars in the Pakistan Super League. International centuries Ijaz Ahmed made 22 centuries in international cricket – 12 in Test cricket", "title": "Ijaz Ahmed (cricketer, born 1968)" }, { "docid": "40742445", "text": "Mansi Joshi (born 18 August 1993) is an Indian international cricketer who made her debut for the Indian national team in November 2016. She is a right-arm medium-fast bowler. She is a right handed batsman. She is currently being coached by Virendra Singh Rautela. Joshi was born in Tehri in Uttarakhand She plays domestic cricket for Haryana. She has always been inspired by Sachin Tendulkar. She attended trials at Haryana Cricket Association and got selected in Under-19 in Senior Women's state team. She was named in India's squad for the Twenty20 International (T20I) component of a November 2016 series against the West Indies. She was not selected in any of her team's matches in that series, but made her T20I debut later in the month, playing against Bangladesh in the 2016 Women's Twenty20 Asia Cup in Thailand. She took 1/8 on debut, and in the next game took 2/8 against Thailand and was named player of the match (although that game did not have T20I status). She made her Women's One Day International cricket (WODI) debut against Ireland in the 2017 Women's Cricket World Cup Qualifier on 10 February 2017. She was felicitated by Hindustan Times on May 26, 2017, in the HT Youth Forum for their flagship event featuring Top 30 under 30. Joshi was part of the Indian team to reach the final of the 2017 Women's Cricket World Cup where the team lost to England by nine runs. In October 2018, she was named in India's squad for the 2018 ICC Women's World Twenty20 tournament in the West Indies. References 1993 births Living people Cricketers from Uttarakhand Haryana women cricketers North Zone women cricketers Indian women cricketers India women One Day International cricketers India women Twenty20 International cricketers People from Haridwar district IPL Supernovas cricketers Gujarat Giants (WPL) cricketers", "title": "Mansi Joshi" }, { "docid": "22075163", "text": "Stafanie Roxann Taylor (born 11 June 1991) is a Jamaican cricketer who is a former captain of the West Indies women's cricket team. She has represented them over 250 times since her debut in 2008. A right-handed batter and off break bowler, Taylor was selected as the 2011 ICC Women's Cricketer of the Year – the first West Indian to receive the accolade. She was also the first woman to score 1,000 runs in ODIs for the West Indies. She plays domestic cricket for Jamaica and Guyana Amazon Warriors and has previously played for Auckland, Sydney Thunder, Adelaide Strikers, Western Storm, Southern Vipers, Southern Brave and Trailblazers. Born in Jamaica, Taylor broke into the West Indies team in 2008, aged 17, and immediately inserted herself as a key member of the team. She scored her highest Twenty20 total on debut, striking 90 runs from 49 balls to help her side to a large victory. In the 2016 World Twenty20, she was the highest run-scorer and named player of the series. She played in her 100th Women's One Day International (WODI) match, when the West Indies played India in the group stage of the 2017 Women's Cricket World Cup, on 29 June 2017. On 18 September 2019, during the series against Australia, Taylor played in her 100th Women's Twenty20 International (WT20I) match. On 24 September 2020, in the second match against England, Taylor became the second cricketer to score 3,000 runs in WT20I cricket. Early life and education Taylor was born in Spanish Town, Jamaica. Her unusual first name (Stafanie instead of Stefanie) is attributable to \"a slight mishap\" when her birth was registered. She was raised in Gordon Pen, an inner city neighbourhood of Spanish Town, in what have been described as \"modest circumstances\". At primary school, Taylor first played football, and then netball. When she was about eight years old, she saw Leon Campbell, later her personal coach, practising a cricket shot, and asked him what he was doing. He told her, and asked her to try the game of cricket, which she did, including by playing informal street games with young boys. She later went on her first cricket tour, at just ten years old. For some time, Taylor played both football and cricket, but eventually she decided that the latter would give her more opportunities to travel the world. Although her mother and some of her siblings were track and field athletes at secondary school, Taylor is the only member of her family to play cricket seriously. During her own secondary school days, at Eltham High School, Spanish Town, she represented the school at both Under-14 and Under-16 levels, in each case as the only girl in the team. In one of her matches for the Under-16 team, she even scored a century. After leaving Eltham High School, Taylor worked on completing her Caribbean Secondary Education Certificate (CSEC) exams at a private institution. Career Taylor first appeared for the West Indies during their 2008 tour of Europe,", "title": "Stafanie Taylor" }, { "docid": "27149166", "text": "Jaydev Dipakbhai Unadkat (born 18 October 1991) is an Indian professional cricketer who has played for the Indian national team. He plays for Saurashtra in domestic cricket. He represented India in the Under-19 Cricket World Cup in 2010. In March 2020, Unadkat became the first man to captain Saurashtra to the Ranji Trophy title. In December 2022, Unadkat returned to the Test XI after 12 years. Domestic career Domestically Unadkat plays for Saurashtra. He has played for a number of teams in the Indian Premier League. When he was selected by Royal Challengers Bangalore in 2013 he was one of the costliest Indian players. In May 2013 he achieved his best T20 career bowling figures of 5/25 playing against Delhi Daredevils and was named Player of the Match. In 2014, he was selected by Delhi in that year's IPL auction, and in February 2016 Kolkata Knight Riders made the winning bid in that auction, , to secure Unadkat's services. In February 2017, he moved again, this time to Rising Pune Supergiants. In the 10th IPL he took a hat-trick against Sunrisers Hyderabad during the final over of the match which was a wicket maiden over. In July 2018, he was named in the squad for India Blue for the 2018–19 Duleep Trophy and in October 2018 was named in India B's squad for the 2018–19 Deodhar Trophy. In January 2019, he became the second bowler for Saurashtra to take 200 wickets in the Ranji Trophy and in August 2019 was named in the India Red team's squad for the 2019–20 Duleep Trophy before being named for India A for the 2019–20 Deodhar Trophy. He was the leading wicket-taker in the 2019–20 Ranji Trophy, with 67 dismissals in ten matches. In February 2022, he was bought by the Mumbai Indians in the auction for the 2022 Indian Premier League tournament. On 23 December 2022, he was bought by the Lucknow Super Giants in the IPL auction for the 2023 Indian Premier League tournament. International career After playing for India's under-19 side in England in 2010, taking 13 wickets on his first-class cricket debut against West Indies under-19s at Grace Road, Unadkat was used as a net bowler for the Indian national side in Sri Lanka before making his international debut for India against South Africa in December 2010 in the first Test at Centurion. In the 2nd Test against Bangladesh on 22 December 2022 at Mirpur, Unadkat was named as a replacement to Kuldeep Yadav. Jaydev Unadkat made his comeback to the Test side after 12 years. Unadkat made his Twenty20 International (T20I) debut against Zimbabwe at Harare Sports Club in June 2016. References External links Jaidev Unadkat's profile page on Wisden Jaydev Unadkat Royal Challenger Indian cricketers India Test cricketers India One Day International cricketers India Twenty20 International cricketers Saurashtra cricketers Kolkata Knight Riders cricketers Royal Challengers Bangalore cricketers Rising Pune Supergiant cricketers Rajasthan Royals cricketers West Zone cricketers India Blue cricketers India Red cricketers Living people 1991 births Mumbai", "title": "Jaydev Unadkat" }, { "docid": "25151882", "text": "Virender Sehwag (, born 20 October 1978) is a former Indian cricketer who represented India from 1999 to 2013. Widely regarded as one of the most destructive openers and one of the greatest batsman of his era, he played for Delhi Capitals in IPL and Delhi and Haryana in Indian domestic cricket. He played his first One Day International in 1999 and joined the Indian Test side in 2001. In April 2009, Sehwag became the first Indian to be honoured as the Wisden Leading Cricketer in the World for his performance in 2008, subsequently becoming the first player of any nationality to retain the award for 2009. He worked as stand-in captain occasionally during absence of main captain of India, also worked as Vice-Captain for Indian squad. He is former captain of Delhi Daredevils and Delhi Ranji Team. During his time with India, Sehwag was a member of the team that was one of the joint winners of the 2002 ICC Champions Trophy, the winners of the 2007 T20 World Cup, and the winners of the 2011 Cricket World Cup. During the 2002 ICC Champions Trophy, Sehwag was the highest run scorer with 271 runs. In 2023, he was inducted into ICC Cricket Hall of Fame. Sehwag holds multiple records including the highest score made by an Indian in Test cricket (319 against South Africa at M. A. Chidambaram Stadium in Chennai), which was also the fastest triple century in the history of international cricket (reached 300 off only 278 balls) as well as the fastest 250 by any batsman (in 207 balls against Sri Lanka on 3 December 2009 at the Brabourne Stadium in Mumbai). Sehwag also holds the distinction of being one of four batsmen in the world to have ever surpassed 300 twice in Test cricket. Sehwag has the highest career strike rate in Test matches among batsmen with minimum 3000 Test runs. Sehwag's career strike rate in Test matches is 82.23. In March 2009, Sehwag smashed what was until then the fastest century ever scored by an Indian in ODI cricket, from 60 balls. On 8 December 2011, he hit his maiden double century in ODI cricket, against West Indies, becoming the second batsman after Sachin Tendulkar to reach the landmark. His score became the highest individual score in ODI cricket—219 off 149 balls which was later bettered by Rohit Sharma—264 off 173 balls on 13 November 2014. He is one of only two players in the world to score a double hundred in ODI and a triple hundred in Test Cricket, the other being Chris Gayle. Sehwag was appointed as vice-captain of the Indian team under Rahul Dravid in October 2005 but due to poor form, he was later replaced by V. V. S. Laxman in December 2006 as Test vice-captain. In January 2007, Sehwag was dropped from the ODI team and later from the Test team as well. During his term as vice-captain, Sehwag led the team in place of injured Dravid in 2", "title": "Virender Sehwag" }, { "docid": "48951998", "text": "The 2000–01 Red Stripe Bowl was the 27th season of what is now the Regional Super50, the domestic limited-overs cricket competition for the countries of the West Indies Cricket Board (WICB). It ran from 11 to 22 October 2000. Ten teams contested the competition – the six regular teams of West Indian domestic cricket (Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica, the Leeward Islands, Trinidad and Tobago, and the Windward Islands), plus four invited international teams from the ICC Americas region (Bermuda, Canada, the Cayman Islands, and the United States). The Cayman Islands team were making their debut in List A cricket. The semi-finals and final of the competition were all held in Jamaica, at Kingston's Sabina Park. The Windward Islands defeated the Leewards in the final to win only their second domestic one-day title. Two players from the Windwards, Junior Murray and Nixon McLean, led the tournament in runs and wickets, respectively, with Murray being named the player of the tournament. Squads Group stage Zone A Zone B Finals Semi-finals Final Statistics Most runs The top five run scorers (total runs) are included in this table. Source: CricketArchive Most wickets The top five wicket takers are listed in this table, listed by wickets taken and then by bowling average. Source: CricketArchive See also 2000–01 Red Stripe Bowl References 2000 in West Indian cricket West Indian cricket seasons from 2000–01 Regional Super50 seasons Domestic cricket competitions in 2000–01", "title": "2000–01 Red Stripe Bowl" }, { "docid": "382235", "text": "Mahendra () is a Sanskrit compound word deriving from mahā (great) and indra (the title of the king of the devas) from Hinduism. It has been used in compound royal styles. History and politics Royalty Mahendra or Mahinda – the son of Emperor Ashoka and a promoter of Buddhism Mahendravarman I – (Tamil: மகேந்திரவர்மன் 600–630 CE), Pallava king who ruled the Northern regions of what forms present-day Tamil Nadu in India in the early 7th century. Mahindu, 10th century Chahamana king of north-western India Mahendra of Nepal – king of Nepal from 1955 to 1972 Elected office Mahinda Rajapaksa – President of Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka from 2005 to 2015 Mahendra Chaudhry – Fijian politician and the leader of the Fiji Labour Party Upul Mahendra (born 1971), Sri Lankan politician Entertainment Film Balu Mahendra – director of Tamil films Y. G. Mahendra – an Indian actor, singer playwright and comedian Music Mahendra Kapoor – Bollywood singer Sports Mahendra Singh Dhoni – Indian cricketer, former Captain of Indian Cricket Team Mahendra Nagamootoo – West Indian cricketer Business Mahendra Kumar Mahendra Mehta See also Raja Mahendra, royal style; and name References Indian masculine given names Masculine given names", "title": "Mahendra" }, { "docid": "39624890", "text": "The Mansur Ali Khan Pataudi Memorial Lecture was inaugurated by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) on 6 February 2013. It was established to honour the former Indian captain Mansur Ali Khan Pataudi, who died in 2011. The inaugural Lecture was delivered by former captain of the Indian cricket team Sunil Gavaskar on 20 February 2013, at the Taj Coromandel hotel in Chennai. The BCCI indicated that the lecture would be an annual event. History Mansur Ali Khan was an Indian cricketer and former captain of the Indian cricket team. He was Nawab of Bhopal until 1971, when India abolished royal entitlements through the 26th Amendment to the Constitution of India. He was an Indian Cricket Cricketer of the Year in 1962, and a Wisden Cricketer of the Year in 1968. He published an autobiography, Tiger's Tale, in 1969. He was the manager of the India team in 1974–75, and referee for two Ashes Tests in 1993. He was later a member of the council of the Indian Premier League. Mr. Pataudi was admitted to New Delhi's Sir Ganga Ram Hospital on 22 September 2011 with an acute lung infection caused by chronic interstitial lung disease which prevented his lungs from exchanging oxygen properly. He died of respiratory failure the same day. The BCCI decided to start the memorial lecture after Mr Pataudi's wife, Bollywood actress Sharmila Tagore, wrote a letter to the BCCI President N. Srinivasan. In the letter she criticised the BCCI for delaying the decision to institute the lecture. She also requested that the 2012 India-England cricket series be named after her husband. But the BCCI at that time expressed its inability to do so since the series had already been named the Anthony De Mello Trophy to honour the first BCCI secretary Anthony de Mello. On the day of the memorial lecture's institution, the BCCI said in a press release, First lecture The inaugural Mansur Ali Khan Pataudi Memorial Lecture was delivered by former Indian cricketer Sunil Gavaskar at the Taj Coromandel hotel in Chennai on 20 February 2013. In his lecture Gavaskar spoke at length about Mr Pataudi. He praised him for improving Indian cricket, saying, \"His adventurous style of play, his charisma, and his fondness for a practical joke changed how the game was played and perceived in the country.\" Several Indian and Australian cricketers who were part of the India-Australia cricket series were also present in the audience. Gavaskar wished the teams luck, and asked them to \"introduce a smile or two to what was sure to be a hard-fought series.\" The lecture was broadcast live on the website bcci.tv. Gavaskar also asked the cricket administrators to give Test cricket what it truly deserves. For various reasons, none of the family of Mansur Pataudi could attend the lecture. Mrs Tagore could not attend because of food poisoning. She later said, Second lecture Anil Kumble gave the second Mansur Ali Khan Pataudi Memorial Lecture on 13 November 2013 at the Crystal", "title": "Mansur Ali Khan Pataudi Memorial Lecture" }, { "docid": "3964852", "text": "Lalchand Sitaram Rajput; (born 18 December 1961) is an Indian cricket coach and former cricketer. He was appointed head coach of the United Arab Emirates national cricket team in 2024. Rajput played in two Tests and four ODIs from 1985 to 1987. He took up coaching after the conclusion of his playing career and has also held administrative positions with the Mumbai Cricket Association. He has served as head coach of India (2007–2008), Afghanistan (2016–2017), Zimbabwe (2018–2022) and the United Arab Emirates (2024–present). He notably coached India to victory at the 2007 ICC World Twenty20. Playing career Rajput had a distinguished career as an opening batsman for Bombay, and at one time was considered one of the best openers in India after Sunil Gavaskar. However, he did not translate his promise and success at the domestic level to the international arena, in the limited opportunities he had. He was an occasional off-spinner. Coaching career Rajput attended a coaching clinic held at Bangalore in April 2007. He was coach of Under-19 Indian Cricket Team during the tour of England. Rajput was appointed as the manager of the World Cup winning Indian cricket team for the 2007 Twenty20 World Championship held in South Africa. Rajput was the coach of the Mumbai Indians in the Indian Premier League 2008. He was caught on camera laughing when Harbhajan Singh slapped Sreesanth after a match between Mumbai Indians and Kings XI Punjab. The BCCI expressed it was shameful that Rajput was laughing on witnessing the incident. It was expected that BCCI would take strong action against Rajput. In June 2016, Rajput was named as head coach of Afghanistan's national team, replacing Pakistan's Inzamam ul Haq; during his spell in charge, they defeated West Indies in a one-day international at Gros Islet and were promoted to Full Membership of the International Cricket Council. But his contract was ended by the Afghan board in August 2017; he was later replaced by Phil Simmons. In May 2018, he was named as the interim head coach of the Zimbabwe national cricket team. In August 2018, he was appointed to the role on a permanent basis. In June 2019, he was named as the coach of the Winnipeg Hawks franchise team for the 2019 Global T20 Canada tournament. In March 2022, Zimbabwe Cricket decided to extend the contract with him and he served as the head coach of Zimbabwe up until early June 2022. Following the conclusion of Zimbabwe's home series against Afghanistan, he was subsequently replaced by Dave Houghton as the new head coach of Zimbabwe. Rajput was appointed head coach of the United Arab Emirates national cricket team in February 2024. He signed a three-year contract with the 2024 ICC Men's T20 World Cup as his first major tournament in charge of the team. References External links 1961 births Living people Cricketers from Mumbai India Test cricketers India One Day International cricketers West Zone cricketers East Zone cricketers Scotland cricketers Mumbai cricketers Assam cricketers Vidarbha cricketers Coaches of", "title": "Lalchand Rajput" }, { "docid": "60770464", "text": "Sindhu Sriharsha (born 17 August 1988) is an Indian-born American cricketer and the current captain of the United States women's cricket team. Born in Bangalore, India, Sriharsha has played cricket formally since the age of nine, after being spotted by former Indian batter Smitha Harikrishna playing the game informally as a seven-year old with the boys of her neighborhood. She has represented the India A and India under-21 teams. In November 2015, she was part of the American squad that played in two Twenty20 matches against the Pakistan women's cricket team, following Pakistan's tour of the West Indies. It was the first time the two teams had played each other in the format. In May 2019, she was named as the captain of the United States' squad for the 2019 ICC Women's Qualifier Americas tournament in Florida, saying that the team would be \"ecstatic\" if they won the qualifier. She made her WT20I debut for the United States against Canada in the Americas Qualifier on 17 May 2019. The United States won the Americas qualifier after taking an unassailable 2–0 lead, with wins in their first two matches. Sriharsha finished as the leading run-scorer in the three-match series, with 80 runs. After winning the Americas qualification tournament, Sriharsha said \"it's amazing! Going to a global qualifier after eight years is a huge win for USA cricket\". In August 2019, she was named as the captain of the American squad for the 2019 ICC Women's World Twenty20 Qualifier tournament in Scotland. In February 2021, she was named in the Women's National Training Group by the USA Cricket Women's National Selectors ahead of the 2021 Women's Cricket World Cup Qualifier and the 2021 ICC Women's T20 World Cup Americas Qualifier tournaments. In September 2021, she was named as the captain of the American team for the World Cup Qualifier tournament. In October 2021, she was named as the captain of the American team for the 2021 Women's Cricket World Cup Qualifier tournament in Zimbabwe. References External links 1988 births Living people Cricketers from Bangalore Indian emigrants to the United States American people of Kannada descent American sportspeople of Indian descent American women cricketers United States women Twenty20 International cricketers United States women One Day International cricketers Indian women cricketers Karnataka women cricketers Women cricket captains 21st-century American women", "title": "Sindhu Sriharsha" }, { "docid": "56392942", "text": "Shivam Mavi (born 26 November 1998) is an Indian international cricketer, who is a right-arm fast-medium bowler. He made his international debut for the Indian cricket team in January 2023. Domestic and T20 franchise career In January 2018, he was bought by the Kolkata Knight Riders in the 2018 IPL auction. He made his Twenty20 debut for the Kolkata Knight Riders in the 2018 Indian Premier League on 14 April 2018. On the opening day of the 2018–19 Vijay Hazare Trophy in September 2018, Mavi took a hat-trick for Uttar Pradesh against Saurashtra. He made his first-class debut for Uttar Pradesh in the 2018–19 Ranji Trophy on 1 November 2018. On his Ranji debut, Mavi took a 4-fer against Goa in Kanpur, as Uttar Pradesh bowled Goa out for just 152. In his second first-class match against Odisha, he picked up his maiden five-wicket haul. In February 2018, he was bought by the Kolkata Knight Riders in the auction for the 2018 Indian Premier League tournament. International career In December 2017, he was named in India's squad for the 2018 Under-19 Cricket World Cup. In July 2018, he was selected to play for the India A cricket team in the 2018 India Quadrangular Series. He made his List A debut for India A against South Africa A in the Quadrangular Series on 27 August 2018. In December 2018, he was named in India's team for the 2018 ACC Emerging Teams Asia Cup. In November 2019, he replaced injured Arshdeep Singh in India's squad for the 2019 ACC Emerging Teams Asia Cup. In December 2022, Mavi earned his maiden call-up to the Indian cricket team for their Twenty20 International (T20I) series against Sri Lanka. On 3 January 2023, he made his T20I debut for India against Sri Lanka at Wankhede Stadium, Mumbai. He picked up 4 wickets for 22 runs and became the third Indian cricketer to take four wickets on T20I debut. His outstanding spell on debut helped India to register a thrilling 2-run victory over Sri Lanka in the opening T20I match. References External links 1998 births Living people Indian cricketers Kolkata Knight Riders cricketers Uttar Pradesh cricketers Sportspeople from Noida India Twenty20 International cricketers", "title": "Shivam Mavi" }, { "docid": "894431", "text": "Ashish Nehra (; born 29 April 1979) is an Indian cricket coach and former cricketer who played in all formats of the game. Nehra announced his retirement from all forms of cricket in late 2017, with the Twenty20 International match against New Zealand on 1 November 2017 at Feroz Shah Kotla Ground his last appearance. With India, Nehra was a member of the Indian team that was one of the joint-winners of the 2002 ICC Champions Trophy, which the title was also shared with Sri Lanka, and was a member of the team that won the 2011 Cricket World Cup although he didn't play in the final. Early and personal life Nehra was born in Sadar Bazaar, Delhi Cantonment to Diwan Singh Nehra and Sumitra Nehra. Nehra was very passionate about cricket from an early age. Nehra would ride scooters with Virender Sehwag to the Feroz Shah Kotla stadium to be able to play cricket. This allowed him to grow success and eventually rise through the ranks. He eventually join the Delhi team to participate in the Ranji Trophy. International career He made his debut against Sri Lanka national cricket team. On 26 February 2003, during the 2003 ICC Cricket World Cup, Nehra took 6 for 23 against England, which was the best bowling figures by an Indian bowler in Cricket World Cup history until Mohammad Shami surpassed it against New Zealand on 15 November 2023 during the semi-final of the 2023 ICC Cricket World Cup. Nehra was named in the 'Team of the Tournament' for the 2016 T20 World Cup by the ICC and ESPNcricinfo. In the 2013–14 Ranji Trophy, he took 6/16 from 10 overs to bowl out Vidarbha for a meagre 88 in the first innings at the Roshanara Club Ground at Delhi. After recovering from the ankle injury that prevented him from playing for the Delhi Ranji Team in the 2007–08 season, Nehra joined the Indian Premier League and signed up for the Mumbai Indians franchise. For his performances in 2014 and 2015 for Chennai Super Kings, he was named in the ESPNcricinfo CLT20 XI. Coaching career In January 2018, Royal Challengers Bangalore appointed Nehra as their bowling coach. He retained his position for the 2019 IPL. In January 2022, he was appointed the head coach of newly formed Indian Premier League franchise Gujarat Titans. In the 2022 IPL season, Gujarat Titans finished top of the table and went on to win the trophy in the final against Rajasthan Royals. Nehra also became the first Indian head coach to win the Indian Premier League. References External links 1979 births Living people ACC Asian XI One Day International cricketers India Test cricketers India One Day International cricketers India Twenty20 International cricketers Indian cricketers Cricketers at the 2003 Cricket World Cup Cricketers at the 2011 Cricket World Cup Mumbai Indians cricketers Delhi Capitals cricketers Pune Warriors India cricketers Delhi cricketers North Zone cricketers India Green cricketers Cricketers from Delhi Chennai Super Kings cricketers Indian cricket coaches Cricketers who", "title": "Ashish Nehra" }, { "docid": "37976303", "text": "The Sri Lanka national cricket team toured India during the 1997–98 cricket season, playing three Test matches and three One Day Internationals (ODIs). Both series were drawn; all three Tests were draws, and each side won one of the ODIs, tying the series 1–1. The other ODI, which was held on 25 December, was abandoned after three overs had been bowled, when after discussion between the two captains and the match referee, it was determined that the inconsistent bounce of the pitch was too dangerous for the players. This was the first occasion on which an international cricket match had been called off for this reason. The third ODI was marred by umpiring controversy and disruption from the crowd. During India's innings, Ajay Jadeja was given out, after being caught behind. The umpire initially raised his finger to dismiss the batsman, but then changed his mind, and continued raising his finger to adjust his hat. He then turned down the appeal, and Jadeja continued to bat. Elmo Rodrigopulle, writing for Cricinfo, reported that \"it was a mockery on the umpiring fraternity and what umpiring stands for.\" Later, in Sri Lanka's reply, when they were 205 for four, needing just 29 more runs for victory, the game was held up because spectators threw bottles onto the field. After a ten-minute delay, the match resumed, and Sri Lanka won by five wickets. The tour began on 13 November, when the Sri Lankans played an Indian XI for Anshuman Gaekwad's benefit match, and concluded with the third ODI on 28 December. Sourav Ganguly was named player of the Test series, in which he was the leading run-scorer from either side, aggregating 392 runs. The most prolific batsman in the ODI series was Sri Lanka's Roshan Mahanama, who was named the player of the ODI series. Test series 1st Test 2nd Test 3rd Test One Day International series 1st ODI 2nd ODI 3rd ODI References External links 1997 in Indian cricket 1997 in Sri Lankan cricket Indian cricket seasons from 1970–71 to 1999–2000 International cricket competitions from 1997–98 to 2000 1997", "title": "Sri Lankan cricket team in India in 1997–98" }, { "docid": "39891350", "text": "The 2016 ICC Women's World Twenty20 was the fifth edition of the ICC Women's World Twenty20, the world championship of women's Twenty20 International cricket. India hosted the event for the first time, with matches played from 15 March to 3 April 2016. The tournament was run simultaneously with the men's World Twenty20, with the final of each tournament played on the same day at the same venue (at Eden Gardens, Kolkata). In the tournament final, the West Indies defeated defending champions Australia by eight wickets, claiming their first title. West Indian captain Stafanie Taylor was named Player of the Tournament, having scored more runs than any other player. Teams and qualification The top eight teams from the 2014 tournament earned direct qualification to the 2016 tournament. The remaining two spots were decided at the 2015 World Twenty20 Qualifier, with Bangladesh and Ireland qualifying: Squads Venues On 21 July 2015, the Indian cricket board announced the name of the eight hosting cities (Bengaluru, Chennai, Dharamshala, Mohali, Mumbai, Nagpur and New Delhi) along with Kolkata, which would host the final of the event. Warm-up matches A total of 9 warm-up matches were played between 10 and 14 March in Bengaluru (at M. Chinnaswamy Stadium) and Chennai (at M. A. Chidambaram Stadium) featuring 9 of the tournament's 10 participating teams. Group stage On 11 December 2015, International Cricket Council announced the schedule for the tournament with the 10 teams split into 2 groups. Each team played every other team in its group once. The top two teams from each group qualified to the knockout phase. Group A Group B Knockout stage Semi-finals Final Australia were appearing in the World Twenty20 final for a fourth consecutive time (and hoping to claim a fourth consecutive title), whereas the West Indies had only made it as far as the semi-finals in previous tournaments. Both teams had finished second in their groups (to New Zealand and England, respectively), but Australia went into the final as favourites. Australian captain Meg Lanning won the toss and elected to bat, with Australia posting what was regarded as a highly competitive total of 148/5 from their 20 overs. Lanning and Elyse Villani both scored half-centuries, while Ellyse Perry hit two sixes in a quickfire innings of 28 towards the end of the innings. In response, the West Indian openers Hayley Matthews (66 from 45 balls) and Stafanie Taylor (59 from 57 balls) put on a partnership of 120 runs for the first wicket, setting a new team record for Twenty20 Internationals. Matthews and Taylor were both dismissed within the final five overs, but Deandra Dottin and Britney Cooper combined to carry the West Indies to victory with three balls remaining. Matthews, who turned 18 during the tournament, was named Player of the Match. By winning the tournament, the West Indies became only the fourth team to win a global women's cricket tournament, after Australia, England, and New Zealand. In all World Twenty20 matches, only one higher successful chase has been carried", "title": "2016 ICC Women's World Twenty20" }, { "docid": "23541157", "text": "The Australian national cricket team played three Test matches in India against the India national cricket team in 1964–65. The three-Test series was drawn, with the Australians taking the first Test, the Indians winning the second, and the third match drawn. Squads The Australian touring party came to India after their tour of England. They arrived in Madras, the venue of the First Test, on 30 September 1964. Their team for the Test was named the next day. Only one change was made from the team that drew the final Test against England at The Oval a few weeks prior — paceman Grahame Corling was replaced by left-arm spin bowler Johnny Martin. Tom Veivers and Bob Simpson were other players who could bowl spin in their squad. The India team for the First Test was named on 29 September 1964. Rusi Surti was named the twelfth man, and Abbas Ali Baig, Farokh Engineer, B. S. Chandrasekhar and Venkataraman Subramanya, the reserves. Indrajitsinhji was included as the only uncapped player in the squad. The squad had only one medium-fast bowler in Vasant Ranjane. Series summary 1st Test 2nd Test 3rd Test References External links Tour home at ESPNcricinfo 1964 in Australian cricket 1964 in Indian cricket 1965 in Australian cricket 1965 in Indian cricket 1964-65 Indian cricket seasons from 1945–46 to 1969–70 International cricket competitions from 1960–61 to 1970", "title": "Australian cricket team in India in 1964–65" }, { "docid": "26638691", "text": "The Shaheed Vijay Singh Pathik Sports Complex or Greater Noida Sports Complex Ground is a cricket and association football stadium in Greater Noida, in Uttar Pradesh state of India. It was the home ground of the Afghanistan national cricket team. In 2017, it lost its status to hold any Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) conducted matches after staging a private league which was not permitted by BCCI. The stadium is named after Vijay Singh Pathik, an Indian revolutionary who fought against British rule. The stadium conforms to the specifications prescribed by International Cricket Council (ICC) with associated amenities like media and corporate boxes, medical facilities, merchandise stores, a food court, an information kiosk and many others. In December 2016, the ICC gave approval for the ground to host international matches between Full Member teams. History Uttar Pradesh Cricket Association secretary Rajeev Shukla in November 2009 said the Jaypee Group, who are developing a Sports city in Greater Noida are building a cricket stadium there and UPCA has already inked a fifty-year agreement with them to hold matches. At that time, he added that stadium will be ready by 2011 and would hold Twenty20 and One-Day International matches. Initially, the spectator capacity at the stadium will be 40,000 which would be increased to 100,000. The stadium had discussions with ICC to give it a status for holding Tests and One Day International matches. Previously, the stadium qualified for holding all matches except Tests and ODIs, but later confirmed to host any international match. It is also the home ground of the Afghanistan cricket team. However, the seating capacity of the stadium is currently 8,000 with no current plans to upgrade it to what was initially planned. Shukla said they were ready to take Green Park Stadium on lease from the state government but they have not been successful in convincing the authorities. He said they were looking for a land between Kanpur and Lucknow to have their own stadium. It is built as per the latest ICC specifications and guidelines, and is named Shaheed Vijay Singh Pathik Sports Complex. The stadium is fully equipped with all the facilities with floodlights, a bowling alley, an indoor stadium, lawn tennis courts in the premises. The stadium is located near YMCA and Jaypee Resorts in Greater Noida. The stadium hosted its first ever Ranji Trophy match between Uttar Pradesh cricket team and Baroda cricket team from 1 to 4 December 2015. Greater Noida has hosted the 2016 Duleep Trophy matches. All the matches were played with pink ball under lights. Home ground for Afghanistan The stadium became the home ground for the Afghanistan cricket team after they decided to shift their home ground from Sharjah. The stadium hosted 2015–17 ICC Intercontinental Cup match between Afghanistan cricket team and Namibia cricket team in April 2016 as Afghanistan beat Namibia by an innings and 36 runs. On 25 July 2016, it was announced that Afghanistan will host a full series against Ireland at", "title": "Shaheed Vijay Singh Pathik Sports Complex" }, { "docid": "23500835", "text": "The Pakistan national cricket team toured India in the winter of 1960–61. They played five Test matches against the India national cricket team, and also played against several local Indian squads. Background Writing for The Indian Express cricketer Abdul Hafeez Kardar who played for both India and Pakistan maintained that if Pakistan \"does well in the first two test matches\", they would go on to win the series. He felt that the visiting side had the \"strongest batting power house ever to be sent out\" by Pakistan and that Hanif Mohammad, \"the most matured opener of the game\", would the main \"hurdle\" for India. Squads The Indian squad for the series was announced on 30 November 1960. Rajasthan's all-rounder Rusi Surti was the only new inclusion in the squad. Vijay Manjrekar and Subhash Gupte made their comeback to the squad after a year. It was reported that the Pakistan squad would be announced only an hour before commencement of the First Test. To their squad announced before the First test, Ijaz Butt, Shujauddin Butt, Mohammad Munaf and Intikhab Alam were added for the first-class game against Central Zone. Test series 1st Test Pakistan won the toss and elected to bat first on what was described as a pitch without the \"usual grass\" on it while staying \"firm\" and with \"little dew\". 2nd Test The Indian team selectors made changes to the squad following the First Test; wicket-keeper Naren Tamhane, V. M. Muddiah, Salim Durani were included in place of Pankaj Roy, Nana Joshi and Ajit Wadekar. The Pakistani side included Alimuddin. 3rd Test Leading up to the Third Test, pacer Surendranath was included in the Indian squad while Pankaj Roy was dropped. Pakistan made one change in the team that played the Second Test; Intikhab Alam replaced Alimuddin. A \"grassy wicket\" aiding bowlers, both seamers and spinners, was expected before the game. 4th Test The Indian selectors included Datta Gaekwad and Baloo Gupte in place of Abbas Ali Baig, Bapu Nadkarni and Subhash Gupte after the Third Test. Further, following the first-class game between Pakistan and Indian Board President's XI, wicket-keeper Budhi Kunderan and Vijay Mehra were added to the squad. Showers were predicted on the day one of the Test following intermittent rains on the day preceding the game. 5th Test In the Indian side that played the Fourth Test and the squad, Datta Gaekwad, Surendranath, Baloo Gupte and Naren Tamhane were replaced with Indrajitsinhji, Prakash Poddar, Bapu Nadkarni and Vaman Kumar for the Fifth. Broadcast The series was aired on All India Radio for Indian listeners. For the Second Test the Maharajkumar of Vizianagram, Devraj Puri and V. K. Chakrapani served as commentators, while for the Fourth Test, the Maharaja was accompanied by Pearson Surita and P. Ananda Rau, and Pakistan's Omar Kureishi as the guest commentator. References External links Tour homepage at ESPN Cricinfo archives 1960 in Indian cricket 1960 in Pakistani cricket 1961 in Indian cricket 1961 in Pakistani cricket Indian cricket seasons from 1945–46 to", "title": "Pakistani cricket team in India in 1960–61" }, { "docid": "31423990", "text": "Fire in Babylon is a 2010 British documentary film about the record-breaking West Indies cricket team of the 1970s and 1980s. Featuring stock footage and interviews with several former players and officials, including Colin Croft, Deryck Murray, Joel Garner, Gordon Greenidge, Desmond Haynes, Michael Holding, Clive Lloyd, Viv Richards and Andy Roberts, the film was written and directed by Stevan Riley and was nominated for a British Independent Film Award for Best Documentary. It was the joint-winner (with Reggae Britannia) of the UNESCO Award at the Jamaica Reggae Film Festival 2011. Synopsis The documentary describes the ascension of West Indies cricket from being a team largely composed of highly talented, entertaining, \"Calypso Cricketers\" to a determined unit that dominated world cricket for almost twenty years. It begins with an introduction to the West Indies Cricket Team. Using interviews with West Indian cricketing greats, and other people closely associated with West Indies cricket; this idea of culturally and politically different Caribbean nations playing under the common banner of the West Indies is described. The history of cricket in the West Indies is briefly described, such as the appointment of Sir Frank Worrell as the first black man to captain the West Indies Cricket Team, and the emergence of such cricketing greats as Everton Weekes, Learie Constantine, and Sir Garfield Sobers. However talented these individual cricketers were, they were unable to fetch results, resulting in the West Indies being perceived as \"Calypso Cricketers\"; people who were entertaining, but would eventually lose. The early 1970s saw the emergence of a new crop of West Indian cricketers, ones eager to shake the tag of Calypso, and who could dominate world cricket. It is said that when you have ten young men from various islands in the Caribbean, you don't have a team; you have a gang. What was needed was a guiding hand, who could steer this young team in the right direction, and unite them for a common cause on the cricket field. That man was Clive Lloyd. Appointed as Captain in 1974, Lloyd's first major challenge came in the 1975-76 West Indies Tour of Australia. Australians Dennis Lillee and Jeff Thomson destroyed the West Indies with their fast bowling. Frequent bouncers and intimidatory tactics led to the spirit of the team being shattered and the tour ended with Australia winning the six-match test series 5–1. At the end of the series, Clive Lloyd realizes that in order to win, it would be necessary for him to also cultivate fast bowlers as devastating as Lillee and Thomson. When the Indian Cricket Team toured the West Indies in 1976, Clive Lloyd tested his new plan of attack, relentlessly getting his fast bowlers such as Andy Roberts, Michael Holding, and Wayne Daniel to bowl short-pitched or bouncers to Indian batsman. While playing at Kingston, Jamaica the Indian team declared on a second-innings lead of 12, after the management decided that they would rather not risk sending their bowlers such as Bishen Singh Bedi to face", "title": "Fire in Babylon" }, { "docid": "73360981", "text": "The Washington Freedom is an American professional Twenty20 cricket team that competes in Major League Cricket (MLC). The team plans to be based in Washington, D.C. and was announced in 2023 as one of six inaugural franchises to play in Major League Cricket. The Freedom is owned by Indian American entrepreneur Sanjay Govil. The team is coached by Ricky Ponting and is captained by Moises Henriques. Franchise history Background In May 2022, Major League Cricket announced that it had secured $120 million from various investors across the United States. One of these investors was Sanjay Govil, who was later announced to be the lead investor and owner of the Washington DC-based franchise team. Alongside MLC, Govil partnered up with George Mason University to launch a feasibility study into a 12,000-seat hybrid cricket/baseball stadium later that year in December. The proposed stadium would host both cricket and baseball games and support up to 12,000 spectators upon its completion in summer 2025. George Mason University announced in March 2024 that it would not proceed with the stadium. In February 2023, Major League Cricket announced that Govil had entered a partnership with Cricket New South Wales to help accelerate the growth of the DC-based franchise. The agreement included initiatives to further player development opportunities, as well as cricket content, within the U.S., an exchange program of coaches and support staff, and opportunities for NSW-based players to play in MLC. Cricket NSW chief executive Lee Germon stated that \"... he [Govil] was very keen to not have an IPL partner... [and wanted to] partner with someone outside who could really bring what we wanted to the table.\" In March 2023, the team's name, the Washington Freedom, and logo were officially revealed to the public. Upon the unveiling of the team name and logo, Govil said that, \"the team's mark and colors are a perfect for a team from the nation's capital to compete on the global stage.\" History 2023 season The Freedom had the second overall pick of the MLC's inaugural domestic draft and selected Thunderbolts vice-captain Andries Gous as their first draft pick. Dane Piedt, Mukhtar Ahmed, and Saad Ali were also all picked up by the team, with Sri Lanka international Wanindu Hasaranga (who later pulled out of the competition) and South African quick Anrich Nortje both being announced as direct signings during the draft. Marco Jansen, Glenn Phillips, and Adam Milne were all also announced as direct signings in May. The team then later announced it would be led by Sixers captain Moises Henriques. Shortly after, they announced that they had appointed Greg Shipperd as their head coach and Dale Steyn as their bowling coach. Later the following month, they announced Josh Philippe, Ben Dwarshuis, and Akeal Hosein all as additional direct signings. Tanveer Sangha was signed in the days leading up to the tournament as a replacement for Hasaranga, while Matthew Short was added to the squad as an injury replacement for Josh Philippe. Freedom's season started with a narrow", "title": "Washington Freedom (cricket)" }, { "docid": "2403074", "text": "Derrick Harold Robins (27 June 1914 – 3 May 2004) was an English cricketer and sports promoter, twice chairman of Coventry City Football Club. He was born in Bexleyheath, Kent and became a self-made millionaire running Banbury Buildings, a firm which made pre-fabricated buildings and sheds. Robins played two matches for Warwickshire in 1947, but did little and never played county cricket again. Extraordinarily, his third first-class appearance would come 22 years later, when he appeared for his own \"D. H. Robins's XI\" against the touring West Indians at The Saffrons, Eastbourne. Robins made two further appearances for his own XI, against Oxford University in 1969 and against the Indians in 1971, the latter game coming a few days after his 57th birthday. However, he was better known as the promoter who took several strong sides to apartheid South Africa in the 1970s. Between 1972/73 and 1975/76 a D. H. Robins's XI played in the country each winter. In those days there were no sanctions against cricketers who visited South Africa, and Robins's teams included players of high quality, including such names as Bob Willis, Brian Close, Tony Greig and Trevor Chappell. Detailed accounts of these matches can be found in the International cricket in South Africa from 1971 to 1981 article. In football, he first took charge of Coventry City F.C. in 1959, who were at the time struggling in the lower ranks of the Football League. Together with manager Jimmy Hill, Robins oversaw what was known as the \"Sky Blue Revolution\": he changed the team colours from royal-and-white to all-sky blue, adopted innovative marketing and fan engagement practices, rebuilt Highfield Road stadium, invested in a new training ground at Ryton-on-Dunsmore, and built a side that eventually won promotion to the First Division in 1967. He would later return as chairman in the mid-1970s (with Hill, now well-known as the host of Match of the Day, returning as managing director) as City consolidated their place in the top tier. He also took first-class teams to Sri Lanka in 1977–78 and New Zealand in 1979–80. He died in South Africa at the age of 89. References Cricinfo profile Wisden obituary 1914 births English cricketers Warwickshire cricketers English football chairmen and investors Coventry City F.C. directors and chairmen 2004 deaths D. H. Robins' XI cricketers 20th-century English businesspeople", "title": "Derrick Robins" }, { "docid": "42119349", "text": "Aiden Kyle Markram (born 4 October 1994) is a South African cricketer who is the current captain of the South Africa national cricket team in Twenty20 International cricket and former captain of Sunrisers Hyderabad in the Indian Premier League. Markram had captained the South African under-19 cricket team to win the 2014 ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup. In the 2018 South African Cricket Annual, he was named as one of the five “Cricketers of the Year”. Markram was described by former captain and batsman Graeme Smith as a future South Africa captain. He made his international debut for South Africa in September 2017. He is currently the captain of Sunrisers eastern cape of the SA20 league which was formed in 2022, who successfully won the cup in 2023 and 2024. T20 franchise career Markram made his first class debut for Northerns cricket team against South Western Districts on 9 October 2014. He was included in the Northerns cricket team squad for the 2015 Africa T20 Cup. In 2016, Markram was club professional for Walkden in the Bolton Cricket League. In May 2017, Markram was named Domestic Newcomer of the Year at Cricket South Africa's annual awards. In August 2017, he was named in Nelson Mandela Bay Stars' squad for the first season of the T20 Global League. However, in October 2017, Cricket South Africa initially postponed the tournament until November 2018, with it being canceled soon after. In October 2018, Markram was named in Paarl Rocks' squad for the first edition of the Mzansi Super League T20 tournament. In March 2019, Markram signed for Hampshire County Cricket Club as their overseas player for the first part of the season. Later the same month, Markram scored 127 runs in the final of the 2018–19 Momentum One Day Cup, to help Titans win the tournament. In September 2019, Markram was named in the squad for the Paarl Rocks team for the 2019 Mzansi Super League tournament. In April 2021, he was named in Northerns' squad, ahead of the 2021–22 cricket season in South Africa. On 11 September 2021, Markram was included in the Punjab Kings squad for the second phase of the 2021 Indian Premier League (IPL) in the UAE. In February 2022, he was bought by the Sunrisers Hyderabad in the auction for the 2022 Indian Premier League tournament. After successfully leading Sunrisers Eastern Cape to the first SA20 championship, Markram was appointed as the captain of Sunrisers Hyderabad for the 2023 season of the Indian Premier League. International career Debut years In June 2017, Markram was named in South Africa's Test squad for their series against England, but did not play. In August 2017, he was named as captain of the South Africa A cricket team for their two four-day matches against India A. In September 2017, Markram was named in South Africa's Test squad for their series against Bangladesh. He made his Test debut for South Africa against Bangladesh on 28 September 2017. Record breaking start After narrowly missing", "title": "Aiden Markram" }, { "docid": "2995996", "text": "Mohammad Nissar (; 1 August 1910 – 11 March 1963) was a cricketer, who played as a fast bowler for the pre-independence Indian cricket team and domestic teams in India and Pakistan. He was born in Hoshiarpur, Punjab, and is considered the fastest pre-independence Indian pace bowler. He was arguably one of the fastest bowlers in the world during his time. Indian batsman C.K. Nayudu claimed in writings that during his first spell, Nissar was faster than Englishman Harold Larwood, who terrorized Australia in 1932 in the infamous Bodyline series. Nissar along with Amar Singh formed an Indian fast bowling duo that was considered one of the best in the world during the 1930s. He was one of the founders of the Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB). He immigrated to Pakistan in 1947 and died in Lahore in 1963. Career Mohammed Nissar was drafted into the Indian team which toured England in 1932. He was a part of the side which contained players like CK Nayudu, the brothers Wazir Ali and Nazir Ali, and of course, his famous bowling partner, Amar Singh. Even today, Nissar's main claim to fame was of being the first man to take a wicket for India, and for being the fastest pre-war bowler India have produced. Nissar's career kick-started right in his first match, as he, in the first ball of his second over, dismissed Herbert Sutcliffe for 3, knocking over Sutcliffe's stumps. Then, with the fifth ball of the very same over, he bowled the other opener, Percy Holmes. What made this fact extraordinary was that Holmes and Sutcliffe were involved in an opening stand of 555 for Yorkshire just ten days ago. In the course of his 26-over spell, Nissar scalped five wickets for 93 runs, as England were skittled for 259, a below-par score for a team that had looked much stronger on paper. In the second innings, Nissar bowled 18 overs and took a wicket, of Walter Robins, who was a victim of his in the first innings as well, for 42 runs. Overall, with a strike rate of 44, and with match figures of 6 for 135, Nissar gave a glimpse of other performances England should have watched out for when he played them. That was to be the only test match for India that year, but there were many other first-class matches on the tour, where Nissar grabbed 71 wickets at an average of 18.09. In 1935–36, when Jack Ryder's Australian XI toured India to play against Maharaja \"Vizzy\" Vizianagaram's Indian team, he made a mark there too, taking 32 wickets in 4 unofficial tests. Nissar's last test was against England in August 1936, at The Oval, where he managed to take six wickets, including a five wicket haul, even though India lost the match. See also List of India cricketers who have taken five-wicket hauls on Test debut References External links Mohammad Nissar at ESPNcricinfo http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/151765.html http://www.cricketnetwork.co.uk/main/s119/st26334.php 1910 births 1963 deaths India Test cricketers Indian cricketers Pakistani cricketers Cricketers", "title": "Mohammad Nissar" }, { "docid": "56131190", "text": "Shebani Mandhakini Bhaskar (born October 7, 1994) is an American cricketer who plays for the United States. She plays as a right-handed batter, wicket-keeper and occasional right-arm leg break bowler. She has appeared in 8 Twenty20 Internationals for the US. She previously played domestic cricket for Tamil Nadu, Otago and Leeward Islands. Biography Bhaskar was born in Evergreen Park, Illinois, United States to an Indian family. During her childhood, her family moved several times and they have lived in Hamburg, Dhaka, and Alexandria, Virginia. Bhaskar, along with her family, moved to Kolkata in 2007 as her father, Bhaskar Rajah began working in the city. She was then selected to play for the West Bengali U16 cricket team at just the age of 11. In 2008, she and her family returned to Chennai, their native place. She began playing cricket at the age of eleven and was also offered a chance to play for the Tamil Nadu cricket team. she has two sisters and her elder sister, Meenakshi Bhaskar is a rower. And her younger sister is Vijaishri Bhaskar Career After Bhaskar got exposure into the domestic level cricket in India, she received the opportunity to play for United States cricket team at the 2011 Women's Cricket World Cup Qualifier. In a match as a part of the 2011 World Cup Qualifiers, she helped the US cricket team to register a victory against Zimbabwe with a knock of 72 runs off 89 deliveries, and was adjudged Player Of The Match In March 2018, Bhaskar was named captain of the U.S. women's national cricket team. In March 2019, she was named as the captain of the United States team for the 2019 ICC Women's Qualifier Americas tournament against Canada. She made her WT20I debut for the United States against Canada in the Americas Qualifier on 17 May 2019. In August 2019, she was replaced by Sindhu Sriharsha as the captain of the national side for the 2019 ICC Women's World Twenty20 Qualifier and was named in the American squad for the 2019 ICC Women's World Twenty20 Qualifier tournament in Scotland. She played in the United States' opening match of the tournament, on 31 August 2019, against Scotland. In February 2021, she was named in the Women's National Training Group by the USA Cricket Women's National Selectors ahead of the 2021 Women's Cricket World Cup Qualifier and the 2021 ICC Women's T20 World Cup Americas Qualifier tournaments. In September 2021, she was named as the vice-captain of the American team for the World Cup Qualifier tournament. In October 2021, she was named as the vice-captain of the American team for the 2021 Women's Cricket World Cup Qualifier tournament in Zimbabwe. References External links 1994 births Living people People from Evergreen Park, Illinois Sportspeople from Cook County, Illinois Sportspeople from Illinois Cricketers from Chennai American people of Indian Tamil descent American sportspeople of Indian descent American women cricketers United States women Twenty20 International cricketers American expatriates in India Tamil Nadu women cricketers Otago Sparks", "title": "Shebani Bhaskar" }, { "docid": "55762003", "text": "Jemimah Jessica Rodrigues ( ; born 5 September 2000) is an Indian cricketer. She is an all-rounder who plays for the Indian national women's cricket team and Mumbai women's cricket team. In addition, she also played for the Under-17 Maharashtra field hockey team. In June 2018, she was awarded the Jagmohan Dalmiya Award presented by cricketer MS Dhoni for Best Domestic Junior Women's Cricketer by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) at Jharkhand. Early life Jemimah Rodrigues was born and brought up in Bhandup, Mumbai, India along with her two brothers, Enoch and Eli. She is a Mangalorean Catholic and a practising Christian. At the age of four years, she started playing season cricket. Her family moved to Bandra West at a very young age to afford better sports facilities. Her father, Ivan Rodrigues, was a junior coach in her school and she grew up bowling to her brothers. Having coached her since the very beginning, Ivan Rodrigues founded the girls’ cricket team at her school. Jemimah enjoyed playing both field hockey and cricket in her youth. Rodrigues studied in St. Joseph's Convent High School, Mumbai and later in Rizvi College of Arts, Science & Commerce. Career Rodrigues was selected for the Maharashtra under-17 and under-19 hockey teams. Her cricket U-19 debut was at 12-and-a-half, during the 2012–13 cricket season. She was picked when only 13 for the under-19 state cricket team. Jemimah says that her father is her primary coach and her \"Hero\" and she owes all her success to him. Rodrigues is the second woman after Smriti Mandhana to score a double century in a 50-over cricket match. She scored 202 in just 163 balls in Aurangabad against the Saurashtra team in November 2017. This score included 21 boundaries. Just before this match, she also scored 178 off 142 balls against Gujarat team in the under-19 tournament. She was named in the Indian squad for the three-match ODI series against South Africa in February 2018. She made her Women's Twenty20 International cricket (WT20I) debut for India Women against South Africa Women on 13 February 2018. She made her Women's One Day International cricket (WODI) debut for India Women against Australia Women on 12 March 2018. In October 2018, she was named in India's squad for the 2018 ICC Women's World Twenty20 tournament in the West Indies. Ahead of the tournament, she was named as the player to watch in the team. Following the conclusion of the tournament, she was named as the standout player in the team by the International Cricket Council (ICC). In October 2018, looking at her striking achievements, Rodrigues was signed by a Sports Marketing firm Baseline Ventures, having to manage all her commercial interests. On 1 March 2019, she attended a ceremony of the Indian Cricket Team's New Jersey launch for the ICC 2019 World Cup, where other cricketers including Harmanpreet Kaur, MS Dhoni, Virat Kohli, Ajinkya Rahane, and Prithvi Shaw were also present. In January 2020, she was named in", "title": "Jemimah Rodrigues" }, { "docid": "69396822", "text": "Kilvidi Seshachari (2 January 1875 – 25 January 1917) was an Indian cricketer and a member of the first Indian cricket team to tour England in 1911. He played for the Hindus team as a wicket-keeper in the Bombay Quadrangular tournaments between 1902 and 1912. He was considered the best wicket-keeper in India in reports from the period. In addition to the Hindus cricket team in Bombay and the Indian team that toured England, Seshachari played for the Ootacamund Civilians and the Maharaja of Natore's cricket teams. Biography Seshachari was born on 2 January 1875 in Madras, in what was then British India. He took up playing cricket in his teens and soon became a well known wicket-keeper. He played during this period as a member of various minor clubs before being elected a member of the \"Premier Hindu Club of Southern India\". Some of the records of the period have Seshachari listed as an alumnus of Dulwich College in London, England. In the early 1900s, Seshachari moved to Ootacamund, in Southern India, to work. There he was formally trained as a cricketer by Europeans who played the game, including the missionary and cricketer, Charles Studd who was a pastor in the local church. It was here that Seshachari practised his wicket-keeping skills with balls being thrown at him indiscriminately, improving his reflexes. Records from the period called him the best stumper in India. During this time, he helped the United Hindus draw a game against the visiting Oxford Authentics in 1902. He continued to travel to Bombay to play for the Hindus cricket team in the annual Bombay Presidency cricket tournament. A report in the 1903 Indian Sporting Times about his performance for United Hindus against the Parsees said, \"Seshachari is a stumper of the highest order, and has no equal in India.\" Building on strong performances in the tournament he was picked for the 1904 tour of the team to England, which was later aborted. He was recruited in 1906 by the Maharaja of Natore in Bengal in a successful attempt to defeat the all-European Calcutta Cricket Club. He continued to play for the team through the early 1910s. In this same period, work in the plantations kept him busy, although he played regularly for the Hindus in Bombay, Ootacamund Civilians, and for the Maharaja of Natore's teams. Seshachari was a member of the Indian cricket team that toured England in 1911, under the captaincy of the 19-year-old Bhupinder Singh of Patiala. He was one of the three Hindu Brahmin men on the team; the other two being Bangalore Jayaram and Mukundrao Pai from Bombay. In addition to Hindus, the team had representation from the Parsee and Muslims cricket teams, making it the first all-Indian team to tour the British Isles. In the tour, Seshachari, as the wicket-keeper, made for a formidable pair with spinner Palwankar Baloo. Despite his personal success behind the stumps, the team's collective performance was considered sub-par, winning only 2 of the 23 games", "title": "Kilvidi Seshachari" }, { "docid": "9255386", "text": "The West Indian cricket team toured England in the 1900 season. The team played 17 matches between 11 June and 11 August 1900. There had been three tours by teams of English Amateurs to the West Indies in the mid-1890s and the idea of sending a combined West Indies team to England had gradually developed. Several of the leading West Indies players were unavailable and the team that eventually sailed for England was a little weaker than had been anticipated. Despite the fact that it was known that earlier English touring sides had been of very modest standard, the opponents that were arranged for the 1900 tourists were in general of too high a standard, with 12 of the 17 being of first-class standard. The result was that the West Indians suffered a series of heavy defeats in the early games, a situation not helped by them losing the toss of most occasions. Eventually, because of a combination of the tourists improving and the opponents fielding much weaker sides, the games became much more competitive and by the end of the tour 5 matches had been won compared to 8 losses. The post-tour comments were that the tour had been, \"as an experiment\", successful. In reality the early defeats had meant that the general interest in the tour was very limited. Aucher Warner, who was Plum Warner's brother was the official captain of the team but he played in only 7 matches because of Malarial Fever, losing the toss on all 7 occasions. The two black Professionals, Float Woods and Tommie Burton, did much of the bowling. The batting honours were shared with Charles Ollivierre, Lebrun Constantine, Percy Cox and Percy Goodman being the most successful. The lack of a genuine wicket-keeper, the poor running between the wickets and the weakness of the fielding were widely commented on. Touring team There had been an idea for a tour to England for some time and following the twin tours of Lord Hawke and Priestley to the West Indies in 1896–97. This idea was further developed and in June 1899 a combined West Indian eleven was invited to visit England. Lord Hawke was the chairperson of the Sports Committee of the West Indian Club and sent out an invitation in their name. The response was favourable, so he then arranged a series of matches for the summer of 1900. The initial selection of the West Indies team took place after the 1899–1900 Inter-Colonial Tournament in January 1900. The 15 players that eventually made up the team consisted of: Burton and Woods were regarded as Professionals. W. C. Nock of Trinidad was the manager. Sproston acted as captain in the absence of Aucher Warner. P.F. Warner played in 1 match. R.S.A. Warner and P.F. Warner were brothers. It appears that the wicket-keeping was shared between Constantine and Learmond. Cricket gives what is presumably the original list of 14 selections and 4 reserves. The selections includes H.A. Cole (Barbados) and G.B.Y. Cox (Barbados). Of", "title": "West Indian cricket team in England in 1900" }, { "docid": "58523693", "text": "Arshdeep Singh (born 5 February 1999) is an Indian professional cricketer who plays for the India national cricket team. In Indian domestic cricket, he plays for Punjab and for Punjab Kings in the Indian Premier League. Arshdeep is a left-arm medium-fast bowler and left-handed lower order batter. Arshdeep made his international debut for the Indian team in July 2022 in a Twenty20 International (T20I) match against England. He bowled a maiden over on debut, becoming just the third Indian bowler to do so on their T20I debut. Early life Arshdeep Singh was born on 5 February 1999 in Guna, Madhya Pradesh, in a Punjabi Sikh family to Darshan Singh and Baljit Kaur. His father was posted to Guna as a member of the Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) whom he worked for more than 25 years. The family later moved to Kharar near Chandigarh. He started playing gully cricket with neighborhood boys and in 2015 joined Jaswant Rai's cricket academy in Chandigarh. He has an elder brother, Akashdeep Singh, who resides in Brampton and a sister, Gurleen Kaur. Domestic career In junior cricket, Arshdeep played in the Katoch Shield tournament. He was part of the Indian under 19 team which won 2018 Under-19 Cricket World Cup and went on to play for the under-23 national side. In 2018, he played for Punjab's under-23 cricket team in the CK Nayudu Trophy. Playing against Rajasthan under-23s, he took eight wickets, including a hat-trick, in Rajasthan's second inning and 10 wickets in the match. Arshdeep went on to make his List A debut for Punjab in the 2018–19 Vijay Hazare Trophy on 19 September 2018 and in January 2019 made his first-class debut against Vidarbha in the 2019–20 Ranji Trophy. In December 2018, he was bought by Kings XI Punjab in the player auction for the 2019 Indian Premier League. He made his Twenty20 debut for the side on 16 April 2019. He finished as the team's second-highest wicket-taker during the season and was highlighted as a future star player. In November 2019, Arshdeep was named in India's squad for the 2019 ACC Emerging Teams Asia Cup in Bangladesh. In June 2021, he was named as one of five net bowlers for India's tour of Sri Lanka. Following a positive case of COVID-19 in the Indian team, he was added to India's main squad for their final two Twenty20 International (T20I) matches of the tour. In May 2022, he was named in India's T20I squad for their series against South Africa and following month was named in the T20I squad for India's two-match series against Ireland. In March 2023, Arshdeep agreed to play up to five County Championship matches for Kent County Cricket Club during the 2023 English cricket season. International career In June 2022, Arshdeep was named in India's One Day International (ODI) and T20I squads for their tour of England. In July 2022, he was again named in India's ODI squad, this time for their away series against the West Indies.", "title": "Arshdeep Singh (cricketer)" }, { "docid": "47688955", "text": "Heinrich Klaasen (born 30 July 1991) is a South African cricketer who plays for the South African national cricket team in limited overs cricket. He was included in the Northerns cricket team for the 2015 Africa T20 Cup. In February 2021, Klaasen captained South Africa for the first time in a T20I match. On 21 March 2023, in a match against West Indies, Klaasen scored his second ODI century in 54 balls. Renowned for his adept power-hitting capabilities, he demonstrates proficiency as a wicketkeeper, coupled with exceptional prowess as a finisher within the contemporary cricketing landscape. His remarkable statistics against slow bowling, where he maintained a striking rate of 191 and achieved an average of 132 against spin during the 2023 IPL, have established him as a coveted asset for T20 franchises. Domestic and T20 career In August 2017, Klaasen was named in Nelson Mandela Bay Stars' squad for the first season of the T20 Global League. However, in October 2017, Cricket South Africa initially postponed the tournament until November 2018, with it being cancelled soon after. On 2 April 2018, Klaasen joined the Indian Premier League side Rajasthan Royals replacing Steve Smith. In June 2018, Klaasen was named in the squad for the Titans team for the 2018–19 season. In October 2018, he was named in Durban Heat's squad for the first edition of the Mzansi Super League T20 tournament. In December 2018, Klaasen was bought by the Royal Challengers Bangalore in the player auction for the 2019 Indian Premier League. In June 2019, he was selected to play for the Toronto Nationals franchise team in the 2019 Global T20 Canada tournament. In July 2019, he was selected to play for the Glasgow Giants in the inaugural edition of the Euro T20 Slam cricket tournament. However, the following month the tournament was cancelled. In September 2019, Klaasen was named in the squad for the Tshwane Spartans team for the 2019 Mzansi Super League tournament. He was released by the Royal Challengers Bangalore ahead of the 2020 IPL auction. Shukri Conrad, a coach at Cricket South Africa's National Academy, stated that Klaasen could become South Africa's equivalent of MS Dhoni. In September 2015, he said, \"Heinrich stays very calm in the situation. He stays in the moment. There’s very much a ‘poor man’s MS Dhoni’ about him. There are really no sideshows to his game and really takes the game to the opposition. He doesn't wait for the game to come to him and that is what I like most about him. He is as tough as they come.\" In April 2021, Klaasen was named in Northerns' squad, ahead of the 2021–22 cricket season in South Africa. He was bought by Sunrisers Hyderabad to play in the 2023 Indian Premier League. In February 2023, Klaasen scored the second century in the SA20 tournament, making 104 not out from 44 balls for Durban's Super Giants against Pretoria Capitals. In May 2023, he also made his maiden IPL century against former team", "title": "Heinrich Klaasen" }, { "docid": "4902076", "text": "The Tanzania national cricket team is the men's team that represents Tanzania in international cricket. Cricket has been played in what is now Tanzania since 1890, and the national side first played in 1951. The Tanzania Cricket Association became an associate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) in 2001, having previously been part of the East and Central Africa Cricket Conference, which was a member of the ICC in its own right. In April 2018, the ICC decided to grant full Twenty20 International (T20I) status to all its members. Therefore, all Twenty20 matches played between Tanzania and other ICC members since 1 January 2019 have had the T20I status. History Beginnings of cricket in Tanzania Cricket was first played in what is now Tanzania on the island of Zanzibar by the British Navy as recreation for the officers and crew. Cricket spread to Tanganyika after the British took over the League of Nations mandate in 1919. Cricket began to be concentrated mostly on the coast and on Zanzibar, with particular development in Dar-es-Salaam. The Indian population quickly took up the game and by the 1930s formed the majority of the players, with a significant European minority. National side Early matches Distance between Tanganyika and other countries in the African Great Lakes meant that the first international was not played until 1951, when Tanganyika lost by an innings to Kenya. Occasional matches against Kenya and Uganda continued throughout the 1950s and Zanzibar also played matches against Uganda, beginning in 1956. Other opponents from further afield also toured, with Tanganyika playing the MCC in 1957 and 1963, a South African Non-Europeans side in 1958 (who also played Zanzibar) and Pakistan International Airlines in 1964. The occasional matches against Kenya and Uganda eventually led to a formal triangular tournament being introduced in 1967, later to become a quadrangular tournament with the addition of Zambia. Decline As many businesses were nationalised in the early 1970s, much of the Indian and British population began to leave the country. Cricketers, including John Solanky, who went on to play for Glamorgan, were amongst those who left the country, and standards went into decline. Since the 1970s, the Tanzania Cricket Association has concentrated on developing the game amongst the African communities, and the national side now contains between 20 and 25% African players. The national side returned to form in the mid-1990s, when they were runners-up in two Africa-wide tournaments in 1994 and 1995, though there was again a slight decline in the late 1990s. ICC membership The Tanzania Cricket Association became an associate member of the ICC in 2001 (Tanzania had previously played international cricket as part of the combined East Africa and East and Central Africa teams) opening up new opportunities for Tanzanian cricket. The first matches for the national side as an ICC member were in the 2002 Africa Cup where they lost all four of their matches. They showed improvement by the Africa Cricket Association Championship in 2004, where they still finished last,", "title": "Tanzania national cricket team" }, { "docid": "10704826", "text": "The Indian cricket team played one One Day International against Scotland between the conclusion of the Test Series and the beginning of the ODI series against England on August 16, 2007. In what was the first ODI between the two sides, India won the rain-affected match by seven wickets. Squad lists Of the players named in the squads, Gordon Drummond (Scotland) and Sourav Ganguly, Zaheer Khan, Rohit Sharma and Sachin Tendulkar (India) did not take part in the match. One-off ODI References 2007 in cricket", "title": "Indian cricket team in Scotland in 2007" }, { "docid": "56375812", "text": "Ajay Kumar Reddy (born 3 June 1990) is an Indian blind cricketer classified under B2 category who is also the current captain of the India national blind cricket team. He captained the Indian team which lifted the 2017 Blind T20 World Cup and the 2018 Blind Cricket World Cup. Biography Ajay Kumar was born on 3 June 1990 in Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh. He lost his vision when he was a child due to an accident which resulted in an eye infection to his left eye and it hampered him for most part of his pre-teen years. In 2002 at the age of 12, he was sent to the Lutheran High School for the Blind which is located in Narsaraopet as he was advised by the doctors to go to a blind school to continue his studies. His father was a farmer. Career He was called into the Indian blind cricket team to a tour to England to play against England in 2010. He made his debut in 2010 and performed well in his debut tour claiming two man of the match awards. Due to his blistering performances, he was named as the vice-captain of the national blind cricket team in 2012. Ajay Kumar Reddy was named in the Indian squad for the inaugural edition of the Blind T20 World Cup in 2012 which was captained by Shekhar Naik. He played a key role in India's triumph at the 2012 Blind T20 World Cup including a match winning 33 ball century against England in a group stage match. He was also named as a member of the Indian blind cricket team for the 2014 Blind Cricket World Cup. In the 2014 Blind Cricket World Cup final, his aggressive batting approach helped India to secure their maiden Blind Cricket World Cup title as they chased a target in excess of 300 against arch-rivals Pakistan in the finals. In 2016, he was appointed as the captain of the Indian national blind cricket team after the retirement of Shekhar Naik. He led the Indian team which won the inaugural edition of the Blind T20 Asia Cup in 2016 defeating Pakistan in the final. Ajay Kumar played a vital role in India's triumph at the 2017 Blind T20 World Cup as he claimed 9 wickets in the tournament to be the leading wicket taker in the series. He captained the national side in retaining the T20 World Cup title for the second consecutive time thus becoming the second captain to have lifted the Blind T20 World Cup trophy after Shekhar Naik. He continued his good captaincy and dominance in blind cricket as he led the Indian blind cricket team which also consisted Deepak Malik that secured its second successive 40 over Blind Cricket World Cup title after beating arch-rivals Pakistan in a thrilling encounter by 2 wickets chasing 309 runs to win the 2018 Blind Cricket World Cup. He played a crucial part of the Indian batting with scoring 63 runs in the final.", "title": "Ajay Kumar Reddy" }, { "docid": "4000027", "text": "Sridharan Sriram (; born 21 February 1976) is an Indian cricket coach and former cricketer. He is a left-handed batsman and a left-arm orthodox spin bowler. He played in the Indian Cricket League and the Indian Premier League. He was a part of the squad which finished as runners-up at the 2000 ICC Champions Trophy. On 19 August 2022, he was appointed as the technical consultant (T20I) of the Bangladesh national cricket team till the 2022 T20 World Cup. Playing career Sriram started his cricketing career as a left-arm spinner and took 29 wickets on India's Under-19 tour of South Africa in the 1992–93 season. However, playing for Tamil Nadu, it was his batting which brought him wider recognition. His most prolific season was in 1999-2000 when he scored 1075 runs in the Ranji Trophy including 5 centuries, and was named as an Indian Cricket Cricketer of the Year. Sriram was selected in 2000 for the first intake of the National Cricket Academy in Bangalore. His consistent domestic form resulted in a call-up to the India national cricket team, and he made his One Day International debut against South Africa at Nagpur on 19 March 2000. However, a string of low scores meant that he lost his place in the squad after 6 matches. Sriram continued to score heavily in domestic cricket for Tamil Nadu, and he earned a second chance with the national team for the tour of Bangladesh in 2004-05. He played in the first 2 ODIs, taking 3 wickets in the first, and scoring 57 in a losing cause in the second. However, this was to be his last match for India. He moved from Tamil Nadu to Maharashtra in 2006. Sriram has also played as an overseas player for the Scottish Saltires in English domestic cricket in 2004, and has been regularly selected for the South Zone cricket team in the Duleep Trophy. He currently plays for Goa. In 2007, Sriram decided to sign with the Indian Cricket League. Although he quit Indian Cricket League in 2009 and accepted amnesty offer from BCCI to be back into the reckoning for selection at international level. Coaching career He worked with the Australia A squad that toured India in 2015. He was also named as a coaching consultant for the Australian cricket team during the Test series in Bangladesh in 2015. He also accompanied the Australian cricket team during the 2019 Ashes. In 2019, he was appointed as the batting and spin bowling coach of Royal Challengers Bangalore. He also was a spin bowling coach for Australia which hosted India for 4 match test series in 2018. On 19 August 2022, he was confirmed as a technical consultant for Bangladesh for T20Is format. References External links 1976 births Living people Cricketers from Chennai India One Day International cricketers South Zone cricketers Maharashtra cricketers Tamil Nadu cricketers Scotland cricketers Himachal Pradesh cricketers Goa cricketers Assam cricketers Delhi Capitals cricketers Royal Challengers Bangalore cricketers Chennai Superstars cricketers ICL India XI", "title": "Sridharan Sriram" }, { "docid": "48392889", "text": "Chirag Suri (born 18 February 1995) is an Indian-born cricketer who represented the United Arab Emirates national cricket team between 2017 and 2023. In January 2021, Suri was named the vice-captain of the UAE team. International career Suri represented the UAE national under-19 cricket team at the 2014 Under-19 Cricket World Cup. He made his first-class debut for the UAE senior team against Namibia in the 2015 – 17 ICC Intercontinental Cup on 16 September 2017. He made his One Day International debut against the West Indies in the 2018 Cricket World Cup Qualifier on 6 March 2018. In August 2018, he was named in the United Arab Emirates' squad for the 2018 Asia Cup Qualifier tournament. He made his Twenty20 International (T20I) debut for the UAE in a one - off match against Australia on 22 October 2018. In September 2019, he was named in the United Arab Emirates' squad for the 2019 ICC T20 World Cup Qualifier tournament in the UAE. In December 2020, he was one of ten cricketers to be awarded a year-long full-time contract by the Emirates Cricket Board. Suri scored his first century in ODI cricket against Oman in February 2022, with 115 runs. Franchise career Suri was one of six cricketers from ICC associate member countries in the 2017 Indian Premier League auction. In February 2017, He was bought by the Gujarat Lions team for the 2017 Indian Premier League for 10 lakhs. In June 2019, he was selected to play for the Toronto Nationals franchise team in the 2019 Global T20 Canada tournament. As a UAE player, Suri also participates in the T10 League. Personal life Suri was born in New Delhi, India. He moved to the UAE with his family in 2004. He attended Repton School Dubai. As of 2013, he was studying business management at Heriot-Watt University Dubai. He got married in 2019. References Living people 1995 births Emirati cricketers United Arab Emirates One Day International cricketers United Arab Emirates Twenty20 International cricketers Indian cricketers Sportspeople from New Delhi Cricketers from Delhi Gujarat Lions cricketers Expatriate cricketers in India Indian emigrants to the United Arab Emirates Indian expatriate sportspeople in the United Arab Emirates", "title": "Chirag Suri" }, { "docid": "44842238", "text": "Carlos Ricardo Brathwaite (born 18 July 1988) is a cricketer from Barbados and a former captain of the West Indies Twenty20 International (T20I) team. He was a key member of the West Indies team that won the 2016 T20 World Cup, and his most notable innings was when he helped the team to win the 2016 ICC World Twenty20 Final with an innings of 34 not-out off 10 balls. Brathwaite hit the winning six to help the West Indies clinch their second T20 world title. International career Brathwaite made his T20I debut for the West Indies against Bangladesh on 11 October 2011. He made his One Day International debut seven days later in the same series. He made his Test debut for the West Indies in the Second Test against Australia at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 26 December 2015. Needing 19 to win in the last over of the 2016 ICC World Twenty20 final against England, Brathwaite hit four consecutive sixes in the first four balls of the over to enable the West Indies to win their second World Twenty20 title. This was his debut World Cup. He was the first player for the West Indies to hit four consecutive sixes in a T20I match. In August 2016, Brathwaite was named the captain of the West Indies team for their Twenty20 International matches against India in Florida later that month. On 8 March 2018, during the 2018 Cricket World Cup Qualifier match against Papua New Guinea at the Old Hararians in Harare, Brathwaite took his first five-wicket haul in ODIs. In April 2019, he was named in the West Indies' squad for the 2019 Cricket World Cup. On 22 June 2019, in the match against New Zealand, Brathwaite scored his first century in ODIs. He was caught on the boundary for what would have been a match-winning six. Domestic and T20 franchise career In April 2016, he made his Indian Premier League (IPL) debut for Delhi Daredevils. He spent a number of years playing domestic cricket in Ireland, with Dublin-based Leinster Cricket Club, and in 2009 he won the Bob Kerr Irish Senior Cup, defeating Donemena CC in the final. In January 2018, he was bought by Sunrisers Hyderabad in the 2018 IPL auction and in May was signed by Kent County Cricket Club to play in the 2018 Vitality Blast tournament in England. In October 2018, Cricket West Indies (CWI) awarded him a white-ball contract for the 2018–19 season. Later the same month, he was named in the squad for Khulna Titans following the draft for the 2018–19 Bangladesh Premier League and in October captained Combined Campuses and Colleges to their first Regional Super 50 title. In December 2018, he was bought by Kolkata Knight Riders for the 2019 Indian Premier League. In October 2019, Brathwaite was again named as captain of Combined Campuses for the 2019–20 Regional Super50 tournament. In July 2020, he was named in the Jamaica Tallawahs squad for the 2020 Caribbean Premier League and", "title": "Carlos Brathwaite" }, { "docid": "56576011", "text": "Taniya Bhatia (born 28 November 1997) is an Indian cricketer. She is primarily a wicket-keeper. She plays for Punjab and India. She is currently trained under coach RP Singh. The International Cricket Council (ICC) named Bhatia as one of the five breakout stars in women's cricket in 2018. Early life She was born to Sapna and Sanjay Bhatia in Chandigarh. Her father works in Central Bank of India and had played cricket at the all India university level. She has an elder sister Sanjana and younger brother Sehaj. Earlier, Bhatia trained under former Indian cricketer and Yuvraj Singh's father Yograj Singh while she was studying at DAV Senior Secondary School. She is currently studying BA-II at MCM DAV College for Women. Bhatia's father was himself a cricket player and so was her uncle. Her brother too has joined the U-19 cricket team. Early career After her DAV academy days, she became the youngest girl to represent Punjab in U19 at the young age of 11. She soon joined the senior state team at the age of 16. At the age of 13, Bhatia became the youngest player to play for the senior Punjab team in the inter-state domestic tournament in 2011. In 2015, she captained the U-19 North Zone side in the inter-zonal cricket tournament in Guwahati. In the game she also scored 227 runs and also responsible for 10 dismissals. She joined India A squad, when she turned 16. She went on a professional slump for two years which almost made her lose her interest in cricket altogether. She overcame it with the support of her mother which motivated her to pursue her dreams. International career She made her Women's Twenty20 International cricket (WT20I) debut for India Women against South Africa Women on 13 February 2018. Bhatia is the first woman cricketer from Chandigarh to be a part of the national team. Bhatia wears jersey No 28 in the team. She made her Women's One Day International (WODI) debut against Sri Lanka on 11 September 2018. In October 2018, she was named in India's squad for the 2018 ICC Women's World Twenty20 tournament in the West Indies. In January 2020, she was named in India's squad for the 2020 ICC Women's T20 World Cup in Australia. In May 2021, she was named in India's Test squad for their one-off match against the England women's cricket team. Bhatia made her Test debut on 16 June 2021, for India against England. In January 2022, she was named in India's team for the 2022 Women's Cricket World Cup in New Zealand. In July 2022, she was named in India's team for the cricket tournament at the 2022 Commonwealth Games in Birmingham, England. References External links 1997 births Living people Indian women cricketers India women Test cricketers India women One Day International cricketers India women Twenty20 International cricketers People from Chandigarh Punjab, India women cricketers North Zone women cricketers IPL Supernovas cricketers Delhi Capitals (WPL) cricketers Cricketers at the 2022 Commonwealth Games Commonwealth", "title": "Taniya Bhatia" }, { "docid": "3730195", "text": "Sonny Ramadhin, CM (1 May 1929 – 27 February 2022) was a West Indian cricketer, and was a dominant bowler of the 1950s. He was the first of many West Indian cricketers of Indian origin, and was one of the five Wisden Cricketers of the Year in 1951. He is most famous for his performance in the West Indies' 1950 tour of England, which was immortalised in the song \"Victory Calypso\". He was also well known for his ability to turn the ball both ways and he was also largely known for using three short-legs along with close in fielders on the off-side during his playing days in order to exert more pressure on the batsmen. He was referred to as \"a small neat man whose shirt-sleeves were always buttoned at the wrist\". He was the last surviving member of the 1950 West Indies team that secured the West Indies' first-ever Test series win in England. Biography Ramadhin was born in Esperance Village, near San Fernando, Trinidad and Tobago, in 1929. He had no first name on his birth certificate; instead he was referred as \"boy\" in the birth certificate, and he later adapted his nickname \"Sonny\" as his first name. He was introduced to cricket at the Canadian Mission School in Duncan Village, but did not bowl while in school. Under the captaincy and coaching of Oscar Roach, who was also born in Esperance Village, he later played for the Palmiste Club and the Trinidad Leaseholds team. It is also believed that Ramadhin developed his spin bowling under Oscar Roach. Career Breakthrough 1950 England tour His trials for the West Indian team were two first-class matches bowling for Trinidad versus Jamaica, where he took 12 wickets at an average of 19.25. This performance led to his selection for the 1950 tour to England at the age of 21. He made his test debut, along with Alf Valentine, in the first Test of that same Test series against England which started on 8 June 1950. He thus became the first cricketer of East Indian origin to play for the West Indies in international cricket. Ramadhin was named as KT Ramadhin in the English newspapers, to his surprise: \"The kids at school had called me Sonny so I adopted that. But when I got to England they insisted that nobody could go through life without initials. The next time I picked up the paper I'd become K T Ramadhin. I never did find out what my new English names were supposed to be.\" The inclusion of both Valentine and Ramadhin for the test series was initially deemed as a surprise call in cricketing circles, especially someone like Ramadhin who received his maiden test call-up after having featured in only two first-class matches. England won the first match of the series at Old Trafford, but in the second Test, at Lord's, the West Indies recorded a 326-run victory, thanks to Clyde Walcott's 168 not out in the second innings, and to the", "title": "Sonny Ramadhin" }, { "docid": "59008405", "text": "Suraj Kumar (born 29 November 1988) is an Indian-born cricketer who plays as a wicketkeeper-batsman for the Oman national cricket team. Early life Suraj was born in Jalandhar district in the Indian state of Punjab, to a Nepalese immigrant family. His parents were originally from Baglung, Nepal. He moved to Oman as a teenager to work for a company, and started his cricket career there. Career In October 2018, he was named in Oman's squad for the 2018 ICC World Cricket League Division Three tournament in Oman. He played in Oman's opening fixture of the tournament, against Kenya on 9 November 2018. In December 2018, he was named in Oman's team for the 2018 ACC Emerging Teams Asia Cup. He was a member of Oman's team for the 2019 ICC World Cricket League Division Two tournament in Namibia, and made his List A debut against the United States in the same tournament on 20 April 2019. Oman finished in the top four places in the tournament, therefore gaining One Day International (ODI) status. Kumar made his ODI debut for Oman on 27 April 2019, against Namibia, in the tournament's final. In September 2019, he was named in Oman's squads for the 2019–20 Oman Pentangular Series and the 2019 ICC T20 World Cup Qualifier tournament. He made his Twenty20 International (T20I) debut for Oman, against Hong Kong, on 5 October 2019. In November 2019, he was named in Oman's squad for the 2019 ACC Emerging Teams Asia Cup in Bangladesh. In September 2021, he was named in Oman's squad for the 2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup. References External links 1988 births Living people Omani cricketers Oman One Day International cricketers Oman Twenty20 International cricketers Indian emigrants to Oman Indian expatriates in Oman Cricketers from Jalandhar Omani Hindus Indian people of Nepalese descent", "title": "Suraj Kumar" }, { "docid": "899524", "text": "Lala Amarnath Bhardwaj (11 September 1911 – 5 August 2000) was an Indian cricketer. He is considered to be the father figure of Indian cricket. He scored the first ever century for India in Test Cricket in 1933 . He was independent India's first cricket captain and captained India in their first Test series win against Pakistan in 1952. He played only three Test Matches before World War II (India played no official Test matches during the war). During this time he amassed around 10,000 runs with 30 hundreds in first-class cricket which included teams from Australia and England. After the war, he played another 21 Test Matches for India. He later became the chairman of the Senior Selection Committee, BCCI and was also a commentator and expert. His proteges include Chandu Borde, M.L. Jaisimha, and Jasu Patel who played for India. His sons Surinder and Mohinder Amarnath also became Test players for India. His grandson Digvijay is also a current first-class player. The Government of India awarded him the civilian honour of the Padma Bhushan in 1991. Amarnath received the inaugural C. K. Nayudu Lifetime Achievement Award in 1994, the highest honour bestowed by BCCI on a former player. Early life Amarnath was born in an impoverished Punjabi-speaking Brahmin family of Kapurthala, Punjab. Recognizing his talent in Lahore, a Muslim cricketing household adopted Amarnath. He played his debut match against England in 1933 on the Bombay Gymkhana grounds in South Bombay. Amarnath also played for the Hindus in the Bombay Quadrangular. Aside from being a batsman, Lala Amarnath was also a bowler, the only one to dismiss Donald Bradman hit wicket. Test career In 1933's England's tour of India, Lala Amarnath was leading run-scorer. In the series he created history by scoring first ever Test 100 by an Indian batsman at Bombay. Amarnath was controversially sent back from the 1936 tour of England by the captain, the Maharajkumar of Vizianagram, for \"indiscipline\". Amarnath and others allege it was due to politics. Vizzy, the Maharajkumar of Vizianagram, was named the captain for Indian cricket team for the 1936 tour of England, a post that he secured after lobbying and manipulation. Some of the senior players in the squad, including Lala Amarnath, C. K. Nayudu and Vijay Merchant, were critical of Vizzy's playing abilities and captaincy, and the team was split between those who supported and criticised the captain. During India's match against Minor Counties at Lord's Lala Amarnath had been nursing a back injury during the game. Vizzy had Amarnath's pad up but did not put him in to bat as a succession of other batsmen were sent in ahead of him, which prevented Amarnath from resting his injury. Amarnath was finally put in to bat at the end of the day. Visibly angry after returning to the dressing room, he threw his kit into his bag and muttered in Punjabi, \"I know what is transpiring\". Vizzy took this as an affront and conspired with team manager Major Jack Brittain-Jones", "title": "Lala Amarnath" }, { "docid": "53792840", "text": "Maharaja Jagadindra Nath Roy Bahadur (Moitra) (20 October 1868- 5 January 1925) known as the Maharaja of Natore was a noted zamindar of Natore from Bengal. He is also noted for his contribution to the game of cricket in British India. Family He was the adopted son of Govind Chandra Nath Ray (Moitra), the Zamindar of Natore, a member of the Rajshahi Raj family, who died childless and Brajasundari, his widow adopted Jagadindranath at age of fifteen. The personal title of Maharaja was bestowed upon him in 1877. He later made Calcutta his home. Natore Rajbari, the Natore Raj family's ancestral home since the time of Rani Bhabani is now a protected monument of Bangladesh. Career and patronage He was a patron of art and sports including the Town Club of Calcutta and the Bengal Gymkhana. He was editor of a monthly journal titled Manasi o Marmabani and earned a reputation as a journalist. Cricket He was a great cricket enthusiast and one of the active committee members of the Calcutta Cricket Club. In 1890, he promoted his own cricket team known as Natore. He was a great nationalist and his team consisted of Indian members. He promoted the Natore Stadium, a large cricket venue in his hometown of Natore and a sprawling cricket stadium, called Natore Garden in Calcutta at Ballygunge, which rivaled the Eden Gardens Stadium also in Calcutta. He also roped in prominent Indian players of his time, like Mehta, Baloo, Shivram, Yeshwant, Ganpat Palwankar, Vithal Palwankar, Sheshacari, K. N. Mistry, Warden, H.L. Semper, Sardaranjan and his brothers, Muktidaranjan, Kuladaranjan, and Pramodranjan. Moni Das, another noted cricket player of the era from Bengal, was also patronized by the Maharaja. Although the Maharaja had only one eye, he would bat and field himself and was a good cricket player. His son, Kumar Jogindra Nath was also a good cricket player. The Natore team boasted a nationalist spirit and the team included many noted Dalit cricketers of the era. He adopted Srishchandra, a young but poor cricket talent and saved the life of an aspiring talent of Bengal. The Natore team promoted by him rivaled the team of Cooch Behar which was promoted by Maharaja Sir Nripendra Narayan Bhup Bahadur of Cooch Behar in Bengal. The Natore team lasted until 1945, patronized by his son after his death. Politics In 1901, he was made Chairman of the Congress Reception Committee at Calcutta and gave a noted lecture on India's state of political affairs and industries. He was elected as a member of the Bengal Legislative Council in 1913. Death He died in 1925 survived by his son, Raja Jogindra Nath Roy, who succeeded him as Natore Raj. Memorials There is a school named after him, which he founded, named Maharaja Jagadindra Nath Roy School at Natore. References Indian cricketers 1868 births 1925 deaths Bengali Hindus Bengali zamindars Cricketers from Kolkata People from Natore District Indian philanthropists Founders of Indian schools and colleges Indian cricket administrators Indian royalty 19th-century Indian", "title": "Jagadindra Nath Roy" }, { "docid": "2379611", "text": "The Tamil Nadu Cricket Association (TNCA) is the governing body of cricket activities in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is affiliated with the Board of Control for Cricket in India and governs the Tamil Nadu cricket team. The TNCA is one of the permanent test centres of the BCCI. History The board was formed when organized league cricket in the state began in Madras in 1932. It was formed after two rival bodies — the Indian Cricket Federation and the Madras Cricket Club — merged, becoming the Madras Cricket Association (MCA). The MCA was formally constituted on April 30, 1935, shortly thereafter affiliating with the Board of Control for Cricket in India. The Cricket Association was to control representative cricket in the province. By 1933-34, the association had first and second division leagues, with a third division added on the next season. By 1939-40, it had added a fourth division. In 1967-68 season, the M.C.A. was renamed as Tamil Nadu Cricket Association (TNCA). As of 2008, it had five divisions with a total of 132 teams. Division leagues The Tamil Nadu Cricket Association conducts various league tournaments, tournaments for the age groups of U19, U22, and U25 categories besides organizing and conducting National Tournaments. It also conducts league championship for city affiliated clubs. There are 726 league matches played every year from first division to fifth division. A zone consisting of 12 teams each plays in the first and second divisions, whereas third, fourth, and fifth division consists of two, three, and four zones respectively. The city league format in the first division where league matches are played on a three-day duration follows the Ranji Trophy guidelines. Home ground M A Chidambaram Stadium or Chepauk Stadium located in Chennai is the home ground. The stadium was established in 1916 and it is the oldest continuously used cricket stadium in the country. It is named after M A Chidambaram, former President of BCCI, the stadium was formerly known as Madras Cricket Club Ground. It is the home ground of the Tamil Nadu cricket team and the Indian Premier League team Chennai Super Kings. The stadium is located at Chepauk, a few hundred meters from Marina beach along the Bay of Bengal. Recent National Players from TNCA Dinesh Karthik - Wicket Keeper Batsman in the Indian cricket team Murali Vijay - Former Opening batsman in the Indian cricket team. Ravichandran Ashwin - Off-Spin Bowler in the Indian cricket team. T. Natarajan - Fast bowler in the Indian cricket team. Washington Sundar - All rounder in the Indian cricket team Abhinav Mukund - Former Batsman in the Indian cricket team. Vijay Shankar - All rounder in the Indian cricket team. Varun Chakravarthy - Spin bowler in the Indian cricket team. Premier league TNCA inaugurated its regional Twenty20 league Tamil Nadu Premier League in August, 2016. The inaugural edition featured eight teams, playing a total of 31 matches (28 league matches, two semi-finals and the final). Chennai, Dindigul (Natham) and Tirunelveli were", "title": "Tamil Nadu Cricket Association" }, { "docid": "39604392", "text": "Joel McKenzie Simmonds (born 27 January 1976) is a former Nevisian cricketer who played for the Leeward Islands in West Indian domestic cricket. He was a wicket-keeper and right-handed batsman. From Gingerland parish, Simmonds played for the Leewards under-19 team in three consecutive editions (1993, 1994, and 1995) of the West Indies Youth Championships, captaining the team in the 1995 tournament. He did not make his first-class debut for the Leewards until the 1999–2000 season, replacing usual keeper Ridley Jacobs, who was on tour with the West Indies at the time. Simmonds played a further six matches the following season, and against the Windward Islands in January 2001 scored his highest first-class score. This innings of 54 runs included a partnership of 100 runs with Kerry Jeremy (70 not out) for the ninth wicket, a team record against the Windwards. However, Simmonds played only two matches in each of the two following seasons, with Jason Williams increasingly favoured when Jacobs was on international duty. His last first-class match came in February 2003, against Guyana. Simmonds did not play any further matches at a major level until he was selected to appear for Nevis in the inaugural 2006 edition of the Stanford 20/20. Nevis won its first two matches to progress to the semi-final round, and against Trinidad and Tobago, Simmonds top-scored with 65 not out from 47 balls, an innings which included three sixes. However, Nevis were only able to record 136/9 from their 20 overs, losing the match by 74 runs. Partially based on this form, Simmonds was selected to keep wicket for the Leewards in the 2007–08 KFC Cup, playing the only three List A matches of his career. He was again selected for Nevis in the 2008 edition of the Stanford 20/20, and took over from the retired Stuart Williams as the team's captain. In the team's first-round match, against Montserrat, Simmonds scored 37 runs and recorded two dismissals, for which he was named man of the match. However, in the next match, against Jamaica, Nevis lost by eight wickets, in what was to be his final match in West Indian domestic cricket. In August 2011, Simmonds was shot during an attempted robbery at a house in Pond Hill, where he had been engaged in illegal gambling. See also List of Leeward Islands first-class cricketers List of Nevis Twenty20 cricketers References External links 1976 births Leeward Islands cricketers Living people Nevis representative cricketers Nevisian cricketers West Indian cricketers of the 21st century People from Saint George Gingerland Parish Wicket-keepers", "title": "Joel Simmonds" }, { "docid": "38186565", "text": "Ankit Singh Rajpoot (born 4 December 1993) is an Indian cricketer who plays for Uttar Pradesh in domestic cricket. He is a right-arm medium-fast bowler who made his debut during the 2012–13 Ranji Trophy. He picked 31 wickets in 7 matches in that season at an average of 18. Career In July 2018, he was named in the squad for India Green for the 2018–19 Duleep Trophy. In December 2018, he was named in India's team for the 2018 ACC Emerging Teams Asia Cup. In August 2019, he was named in the India Green team's squad for the 2019–20 Duleep Trophy. On 6 February 2016 Rajpoot was signed by IPL team Kolkata Knight Riders. In January 2018, he was bought by the Kings XI Punjab in the 2018 IPL auction for 3 crores. On 26 April, Rajpoot took 5 wickets for 14 runs in 4 overs in a match against the Sunrisers Hyderabad, and earned the Man of the Match award, although Punjab lost the match. It was the first five-wicket haul of the season, and also the best figures for an uncapped player in the IPL. In January 2021, he was named as one of five net bowlers in India's Test squad for their series against England. In February 2022, he was bought by the Lucknow Super Giants in the auction for the 2022 Indian Premier League tournament. References External links Living people 1993 births Indian cricketers Uttar Pradesh cricketers Chennai Super Kings cricketers India Blue cricketers India Green cricketers Kolkata Knight Riders cricketers Indian A cricketers Rajasthan Royals cricketers", "title": "Ankit Rajpoot" }, { "docid": "48876005", "text": "The 1972–73 Banks Trophy was the inaugural edition of what is now the Regional Super50, the domestic limited-overs cricket competition for the countries of the West Indies Cricket Board (WICB). It was the only season of the competition to carry that name. Four teams contested the tournament – Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago. The Combined Islands, the only other team in West Indian domestic cricket at the time, did not participate, as the Windward Islands were playing a multi-day fixture against the touring Australians at the same time. The Banks Trophy was played as a knock-out tournament over a single weekend, from 13 to 15 April 1973. All matches were played at Kensington Oval, in Bridgetown, Barbados, and had a duration of 40 overs. In the tournament final, Barbados narrowly defeated Guyana, winning by only nine runs. A number of players in the Banks Trophy went on to play a key role in the West Indian team that won the inaugural World Cup in 1975. Teams Fixtures Semi-finals Final See also 1972–73 Shell Shield season References 1973 in West Indian cricket West Indian cricket seasons from 1970–71 to 1999–2000 Regional Super50 seasons Domestic cricket competitions in 1972–73 April 1973 sports events in North America", "title": "1972–73 Banks Trophy" } ]	[ "Team India", "Men in Blue" ]
train_7079	where did the shooting of padmavat take place	[ { "docid": "9975024", "text": "Malik Muhammad Jayasi (1477– 1542) was an Indian Sufi poet and pir. He wrote in the Awadhi language, and in the Persian Nastaʿlīq script. His best known work is the epic poem Padmavat (1540). Biography Much of the information about Jayasi comes from legends, and his date and place of birth are a matter of debate. As the nisba \"Jayasi\" suggests, he was associated with Jayas, an important Sufi centre of medieval India, in present-day Uttar Pradesh. However, there is debate about whether he was born in Jayas, or migrated there for religious education. The legends describe Jayasi's life as follows: he lost his father at a very young age, and his mother some years later. He became blind in one eye, and his face was disfigured by smallpox. He married and had seven sons. He lived a simple life until he mocked the opium addiction of a pir (Sufi leader) in a work called Posti-nama. As a punishment, the roof of his house collapsed, killing all seven of his sons. Subsequently, Jayasi lived a religious life at Jayas. He is also said to have been raised by Sufi ascetics (fakir). He belong to the Mehdavia Sect of Islam Jayasi's own writings identify two lineages of Sufi pirs who inspired or taught him. The first lineage was that of Saiyid Muhammad of Jaunpur The Promised Mahdi. (1443-1505). Jayasi's perceptor from this school was Shaikh Burhanuddin Ansari of Kalpi. Jayasi composed Akhiri Kalam in 1529-30 (936 AH), during the reign of Babur. He composed Padmavat in 1540-41 (936 AH). Some legends state that Raja Ramsingh of Amethi invited Jayasi to his court, after he heard a mendicant reciting verses from the Padmavat. One legend states that the king had two sons because of Jayasi's blessings. Jayasi spent the later part of his life in forests near Amethi, where as per legend he would often turn himself into a tiger. One day, while he was roaming around as a tiger, the king's hunters killed him. The king ordered a lamp to burned and the Quran to be recited at his memorial. Though his tomb lies at a place 3 km north of Ram Nagar, near Amethi, where he died in 1542, today a \"Jaisi Smarak\" (Jaisi Memorial) can be found in the city of Jayas. Legacy More than a century after his death, Jayasi's name started appearing in hagiographies that portrayed him as a charismatic Sufi pir. Ghulam Muinuddin Abdullah Khweshgi, in his Maarijul-Wilayat (1682–83), called him muhaqqiq-i hindi (\"knower of the truth of al-Hind\"). Literary works He wrote 25 works. Jayasi's most famous work is Padmavat (1540), a poem describing the story of the historic siege of Chittor by Alauddin Khalji in 1303. In Padmavat, Alauddin attacks Chittor after hearing of the beauty of Queen Padmavati, the wife of king Ratansen. His other important works include Akhrawat and Akhiri Kalaam. He also wrote Kanhavat, based on Krishna. References Bibliography External links Malik Muhammad Jayasi at Kavita Kosh Indian male poets Hindi-language", "title": "Malik Muhammad Jayasi" }, { "docid": "55768050", "text": "Nagmati was, according to legend, the first wife and chief queen of King Ratan Sen (identified with Ratnasimha), the Rajput ruler of Medapata (present-day Mewar). Nagmati plays an important role in Malik Muhammad Jayasi's epic poem Padmavat. In Padmavat In Padmavat, an epic poem written by Malik Muhammad Jayasi in 1540, Nagmati is said to have been King Ratan Sen's first wife and chief queen, the head of his harem. She awaits happily as her husband returns home to Chittor, but the happiness turns to jealousy and contempt when she hears that he has taken a second wife, Padmavati, the beautiful princess of the Sinhala Kingdom. Ratan Sen assures an insecure Nagmati that as his first wife, she is still the most dear to him. Nagmati and Padmavati develop a rivalry of sorts, each vying for their husband's attention and love. Initially, Ratan Sen placates them by spending nights with them alternately, but then establishes peace by reprimanding them. After arriving in Chittor, the news of Padmavati's beauty reaches Alauddin Khilji, the Sultan of Delhi. His demand that she is handed over to him is refused, whereupon he marches to and besieges Chittor. Alauddin captures Ratan Sen in a deceitful manner and takes him back to Delhi as a prisoner. Ratan Sen is later able to escape with his two faithful warriors - Gora and Badal. Shortly afterwards, Ratan Sen is defeated by deceit and killed in a battle against King Deopal of Kumbhalgarh. Both Nagmati and Padmavati commit jauhar (the Hindu custom of mass self-immolation) along with other women of the fort after Ratan Sen's death to protect their honour from Alauddin Khilji, who successfully conquers Chittor Fort. In popular culture Nagmati is portrayed by Anupriya Goenka in the Indian historical film Padmaavat. Jayasi in his Padmavat impressively illustrate the pain of separation of the Queen Nagmati in \"Nagmati Viyog Khand\", which is remarkable in Hindi literature. References Bibliography Monarchs of Mewar Legendary Indian people Queens consort of India Indian female royalty", "title": "Nagmati" }, { "docid": "42687208", "text": "The 14207 / 14208 Padmavat Express is a mail and passenger express train on the Indian Railways. The main towns along the route are Delhi, Ghaziabad, Hapur, Moradabad, Rampur, Bareilly, Shahjahanpur, Hardoi, Lucknow, Bachhrawan, Rae Bareli, Jais, Gauriganj, Amethi, Partapgarh. The train line operates on a daily basis and covers a distance of 659 kilometres from Delhi to Pratapgarh. The Padmavat Express consists of 1 First AC Cum Second AC coach, 1 Second AC coaches, 2 Third AC coaches, 8 Sleeper Class coaches, General (Un-Reserved) coaches, SLR. It takes around 12 hours and 30 minutes to cover at an average speed of . Route and halts Traction It is hauled by a Ghaziabad-based Indian locomotive class WAP-1, WAP-4, WAP-7 locomotive for entire journey. Rake sharing The train shares its rake with 14205/14026 Faizabad Delhi Express. Schedule details References Transport in Delhi Named passenger trains of India Rail transport in Delhi Rail transport in Uttar Pradesh Transport in Pratapgarh, Uttar Pradesh Express trains in India", "title": "Padmavat Express" }, { "docid": "20134849", "text": "Sudeep Chatterjee () is an Indian cinematographer, who mainly works in Hindi films and Bengali films. He has collaborated with critically acclaimed directors like Buddhadeb Dasgupta, Vishal Bharadwaj, Srijit Mukherji, Sanjay Leela Bhansali and Nagesh Kukunoor. He is mostly known for his work in films like Iqbal (2005), Chak De India (2007), Guzaarish (2010), Dhoom 3 (2013), Chotushkone (2014), Bajirao Mastani (2015), Padmaavat (2018), and Gangubai Kathiawadi (2022). He has received the National Film Award for Best Cinematography, twice, for Chotushkone and Bajirao Mastani. Early life and education Chatterjee was born and raised in Kolkata. After he passed class 10 his father gave him a camera, which in time provided him with a career direction. After he finished his schooling he joined an engineering college, but after only eight months he left it to join the Film and Television Institute of India (FTII), Pune, where he studied cinematography. Career After graduating from Film and Television Institute of India, he started his career in Kolkata making advertisements and documentaries, eventually after two years, filmmaker Anjan Dutt offered him Bada Din (1997), a Hindi film starring Shabana Azmi. Thereafter he shifted based to Mumbai and started working TV series and commercials for a year before he shot Ram Gopal Verma's Road (2002). Soon was working in film across genres, action, thriller and drama, and his in Salman Khan starrer, Lucky: No Time for Love (2005), where he shot the picturesque locales of Russia, followed by Nagesh Kukunoor's successive films Iqbal (2005) and Dor (2006), and Jaan-E-Mann (2005) got him attention, and he got to do Chak De! India (2007) directed by Shimit Amin, where he grained and desaturated the film, and shot almost 80% of the movie with a hand-held camera, eventually winning him accolades and the 2008 Filmfare Award for Best Cinematography, IIFA Award for Best Cinematography and Zee Cine Award for Best Cinematography amongst others. His next important work was in Bengali film, Kaalpurush (2008), directed by acclaimed film director of Bengali cinema, Buddhadev Dasgupta, and starring Mithun Chakraborty and Rahul Bose, the film won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film. In 2010 came Guzaarish directed by Sanjay Leela Bhansali starring Hritik Roshan and Ashwariya Rai, Sudeep had previously apprenticed with Sanjay, also a fellow FTII student, in 1942: A Love Story, where he was the song director. Guzaarish Won IIFA, Screen, and Apsara award for best Cinematography. He followed it up with the big budget super successful entertainer Dhoom 3 (2013). He then worked in the film Chotushkone (2014) directed by critically acclaimed director Srijit Mukherji for which Chatterjee won the prestigious National Film Award for Best Cinematography. Chatterjee followed up with his second consecutive National award in 2015 with the highly acclaimed Bajirao Mastani directed by Sanjay Leela Bhansali. He again collaborated with Sanjay Leela Bhansali for the critically and commercially successful period piece Padmavat (2018). He is currently shooting the period drama Gangubai Kathiawadi (2021) directed by Sanjay Leela Bhansali and much anticipated Brahmāstra (2022)", "title": "Sudeep Chatterjee" }, { "docid": "66019201", "text": "Vasudeva Sharan Agrawala, also Vasudeva Saran Agrawala, (1904–1966), was an Indian scholar of cultural history, Sanskrit and Hindi literature, numismatics, museology, and art history. He received the Sahitya Akademi Award in the Hindi language in 1956 for his prose commentary Padmavat Sanjivani Vyakhya. He was a professor in the Department of Art and Architecture at the Benares Hindu University. Biography Agrawala was born on 7 August 1904, in a village in Meerut district, United Provinces. He completed high school in Lucknow, took classes in Intermediate (Arts) and B. A. at the Benares Hindu University (BHU), received an M.A. at Lucknow University in 1929; a PhD at Lucknow in 1941; and a D.Lit. at Lucknow in 1946. His PhD and D.Lit. research was published by the University of Lucknow in 1953 under the title, India as known to Pāṇini, work on the application of Pāṇini's work to India's cultural history. He became the Curator of Mathura museum in 1931, two years after his M.A.; the Director of the U.P. State Museum in Lucknow in 1940; a Superintendent for Museums in the Archaeological Survey of India attached to the Central Asian Antiquities Museum in New Delhi in 1946. In 1951, he moved to BHU as a Professor and Head of the Department of Art and Architecture. Selected works Kalā aura saṃskr̥ti, Ilāhābāda : Sāhitya Bhavan Limiṭeḍ, 1952. India as known to Panini: A study of the cultural material in Ashtadhyayi, Lucknow: University of Lucknow, 1953 Padmavat Sanjivani Vyakhya, 1955. Devī-māhātmyam = The glorification of the great goddess, Varanasi: All India Kashiraj Trust, 1963. The Heritage of Indian Art, New Delhi: Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, 1964. Studies in Indian art, Varanasi: Vishwavidyalya Prakashan, 1965. Notes References Cited works External links 1904 births 1966 deaths Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Hindi Indian writers", "title": "Vasudeva Sharan Agrawala" }, { "docid": "5794946", "text": "Jais, also spelled Jayas, is a city with a municipal board in Amethi district (formerly in Raebareli district) in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Geography Jais is located at . It has an average elevation of 101 metres (331 feet). Demographics Indian census, Jais has a population of 26,735 people. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Jais' literacy rate is 62.42%, lower than the national average of 67.68%. Male literacy is 70% and female literacy is 54.54%. In Jais, 13.39% of the population is under six years of age. Transport Jais has two railway stations on the Indian Railways network: Bahadurpur and Kasimpur. The bus station is at Sultanpur-Raebareli road. The nearest airport Fursatganj Airfield is 19.3 km away, and the nearest international airport Ayodhya Airport is 70 km away. Education Institute of National Importance The Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas set up the Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology at Jais. It has been accorded \"Institute of National Importance\" status and a governance structure similar to that available to IITs. It admits undergraduate students from the rank list of students who have qualified JEE (Advanced) Examination. Notable people Malik Mohammad Jayasi, a poet who wrote Padmavat and Akhravat. In Padmavat Jayasi expresses his deep reverence to Chishti Sufi Master Syed Ashraf Jahangir Semnani and his descendants. Jayasi Samarak has been constructed in his memory. Syed Sibtey Razi, former Governor of Jharkhand. He is a senior leader of the Indian National Congress and has served in the Government of India and Uttar Pradesh in various capacities. Leela Mishra, film actress. Notable for playing the role of Mausi in the Bollywood classic Sholay. Nadiya Ke Paar is her another known work. Sadaat of Jais The Oudh family of Sayyids of Jais, well known for Mujtahids of Lucknow, settled in Rae Bareli during the thirteenth century. See also Jaisi Jaiswal References Cities and towns in Amethi district", "title": "Jais" }, { "docid": "17869416", "text": "Cover of French Opera Padmâvatî. c.1923 Padmâvatî is an opera in two acts by the French composer Albert Roussel. The libretto, by Louis Laloy, is based on Théodore-Marie Pavie's La légende de Padmanî, reine de Tchitor, which retells the legend recounted in Malik Muhammad Jayasi's poem Padmavat (1540). It was first performed at the Paris Opéra on June 1, 1923. Roussel styled the work an opéra-ballet and there are many dance numbers and opportunities for spectacle. The composer was inspired by his visit to the ruined city of Chittor in Rajputana (now Rajasthan) and he incorporated many features of Indian music into the score. Roles Synopsis Place: Chittor, India Time: around 1300 Act One The sultan of Khilji Dynasty Alaouddin is besieging the city of Chittor. He comes to its ruler, Ratan-Sen, asking for peace negotiations. Ratan-Sen shows him around the city. Alaouddin also asks to be granted a glimpse of Ratan-Sen's wife, Padmâvatî, who is legendary for her beauty. Ratan-Sen reluctantly agrees. Alaouddin refuses to make peace unless Padmâvatî is handed over to him. Act Two The Khilji army attack the city and Padmâvatî and the wounded Ratan-Sen take refuge in the temple of Siva. Ratan-Sen tells his wife that the people will be massacred unless she gives herself to Alaouddin. Ratan-Sen is stoned to death, and Padmâvatî joins him on his funeral pyre rather than giving herself to Alaouddin. Recordings Padmâvatî, Marilyn Horne, Nicolai Gedda, Jane Berbié, José van Dam, Marc Vento, Toulouse Capitole Orchestra, conducted by Michel Plasson (EMI) Padmâvatî, Rita Gorr (Padmâvatî), Albert Lance (Ratan-Sen), Gérard Souzay (Alaouddin). London Symphony Orchestra and BBC Chorus, conducted by Jean Martinon (Gala) Sources The Viking Opera Guide ed. Holden (Viking, 1993) Del Teatro (in Italian) The Oxford Illustrated History of Opera ed. Parker (OUP, 1994) Smith, Richard Langham (1992), 'Padmâvatî' in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London) French-language operas 1923 operas Operas by Albert Roussel Operas Opera world premieres at the Paris Opera Operas set in India", "title": "Padmâvatî" }, { "docid": "3327755", "text": "Padmini, also known as Padmavati, was a 13th–14th century Rani (queen) of the Mewar kingdom of present-day India. Several medieval texts mention her, although these versions are disparate and many modern historians question the extent of their overall authenticity. The Jayasi text describes her story as follows: Padmavati was an exceptionally beautiful princess of the Sinhalese kingdom (in Sri Lanka). Ratan Sen, the Rajput ruler of Chittor Fort, heard about her beauty from a talking parrot named Hiraman. After an adventurous quest, he won her hand in marriage and brought her to Chittor. Ratan Sen was captured and imprisoned by Alauddin Khalji, the Sultan of Delhi. While Ratan Sen was in prison, the king of Kumbhalner Devapal became enamoured with Padmavati's beauty and proposed to marry her. Ratan Sen returned to Chittor and entered into a duel with Devapal, in which both died. Alauddin Khalji laid siege to Chittor to obtain Padmavati. Facing a defeat against Khalji, before Chittor was captured, she and her companions committed Jauhar (self-immolation) thereby defeating Khalji's aim and protecting their honour. Coupled to the Jauhar, the Rajput men died fighting on the battlefield. Many other written and oral tradition versions of her life exist in Hindu and Jain traditions. These versions differ from the Sufi poet Jayasi's version. For example, Rani Padmini's husband Ratan Sen dies fighting the siege of Alauddin Khalji, and thereafter she leads a jauhar. In these versions, she is characterised as a Hindu Rajput queen, who defended her honour against a Muslim invader. Over the years she came to be seen as a historical figure and appeared in several novels, plays, television serials and movies. Versions of the legend Several 16th-century texts survive that offer varying accounts of Rani Padmini's life. Of these, the earliest is the Awadhi language Padmavat (1540 CE) of the Sufi composer Malik Muhammad Jayasi, likely composed originally in the Persian script. The 14th-century accounts written by Muslim court historians that describe Alauddin Khalji's 1302 CE conquest of Chittorgarh make no mention of this queen. Jain texts between 14th and 16th century – Nabinandan Jenudhar, Chitai Charitra and Rayan Sehra have mentioned Rani Padmini. Subsequently, many literary works mentioning her story were produced; these can be divided into four major categories: Persian and Urdu adaptions — Between the 16th and 19th centuries, at least 12 Persian and Urdu translations or adaptations of Malik Muhammad Jayasi's Padmavat were produced. More Urdu versions appeared in the 20th century, all adhering to Jayasi's love poetry tradition. Rajput ballads — In 1589 CE, Hemratan composed Gora Badal Padmini Chaupai, the first Rajput adaption of the legend, presenting it as a \"true tale\". Between 16th and 18th centuries, more Rajput versions of the Padmavati legend were compiled in present-day Rajasthan, under the patronage of the Rajput chiefs. Unlike Jayasi's theme of courting and marriage, the Rajput adaptions emphasized their honour in defending their kingdom against Alauddin Khalji. James Tod's version — During 1829–32, James Tod included a colonial re-telling of the legend", "title": "Rani Padmini" }, { "docid": "5541699", "text": "Hadi Rani Sahal Kanwar was a Queen from Rajasthan. She was a daughter of Hada Chauhan Rajput Sangram Singh married to Rawat Ratan Singh, a Chundawat chieftain of Salumbar in Mewar who sacrificed herself to motivate her husband to go to a battle. According to the legend, when Raj Singh I (1653–1680) of Mewar called Ratan Singh to join the rebellion against Mughal governor of Ajmer Subah, the commander, having married only a few days earlier. He asked his wife, Hadi Rani, for some memento to take with him to the battlefield. Thinking that she was an obstacle to his doing his duty for Mewar, she cut off her head and put it on a plate. A servant covered it with a cloth and presented it to her husband. Devastated but nevertheless proud, the commander tied the memento around his neck by its hair and after their rebellion ended, he got to his knees and cut his neck, having lost the desire to live. Legacy Still today, people worship her in Rajasthan and folklore singers tell her story in songs about her chivalry, valor, courage. She is also inspiration of various stories, poems and songs in Rajasthan and her story is part of curriculum in Rajasthan. Hadi Rani Ki Baori is a stepwell located in Todaraisingh town in Tonk district of Rajasthan state in India. It is believed that it was built in 17th century CE. Rajasthan Police has formed a women's battalion named 'Hadi Rani Mahila Battalion' A Bollywood director announced a movie to make on her however that project was shut down after Padmavat as it was banned in various parts of India. References Year of birth missing Year of death missing Deaths by decapitation People from Rajasthan Queens consort of India 17th-century Indian women 17th-century Indian people Indian folklore", "title": "Hadi Rani" }, { "docid": "43405362", "text": "Ankur Mittal (born 30 March 1992) is an Indian shooter. He has won gold in Double Trap event at 2018 ISSF World Shooting Championships at Changwon, South Korea and a silver medal at the 2017 ISSF World Shotgun Championships at Moscow, Russia. He has received Bheem Award from Haryana State and Arjuna Award from President of India in 2018. Early life and education Mittal was born on 30 March 1992 in Sonipat, Haryana. He is the son of a former double trap shooter, Ashok Mittal and younger brother of Ajay Mittal who have been into Indian Shooting Team and won several medal including Gold in Asian Championships at Kuwait in 2017. He went to St. Margaret Sr. Sec. School and he was an Arts student at Hansraj College, Delhi and did his MBA from Manav Rachna International University, Faridabad. Career Started his career in 2009, he competed in his first National Shooting Championship, where he secured a place in Junior Indian Shooting Team. He has won several medals in junior category(Under 21) till 2012. In 2013, Mittal was part of the Indian Shooting Team at the 2013 Trap Shooting World Cup held in Acapulco, Mexico. 2014 On 27 July, at Glasgow, Scotland in the Commonwealth Games in the Men's Double trap event, Ankur secured second position in the qualification round with a score of 132 points. He made it to the semi-final where he placed 5th with a score of 25 points. In the same year, he participated at the 2014 Asian Games in Incheon(South Korea), where he was placed 7th. Following he won the 4th Asian Shotgun Championship in Al Ain(UAE) with a score of 141/150. 2016 He won the 6th Asian Shotgun Championship in Abu Dhabi(UAE) with a score of 143/150. 2017 In Delhi, India at the ISSF World Cup, Ankur participated in Double Trap Shooting event and won a silver medal. In Acapulco, Mexico at the ISSF World Cup in Double Trap Shooting event, Ankur won the Gold Medal creating a World Record. In Astana, Kazakhstan at the 7th Asian Shotgun Championship, Ankur won a gold medal in Double Trap Shooting event as well as a team gold medal. In Moscow, Russia at the ISSF Shotgun World Championships, Ankur participated in Double Trap Shooting event and won a silver medal. In Brisbane, Australia at the Commonwealth Championships, Ankur won a gold medal in the Double Trap Shooting event. Ankur Mittal has been ranked as World No. 1 in Double Trap Shooting (Men) and only the second Indian shooter to achieve this feat. 2018 In Gold Coast, Queensland at the Commonwealth Games, Ankur won a bronze medal in the Double Trap Shooting event with a score of 53 points. References External links http://www.issf-sports.org/competitions/worldranking/complete_ranking_by_event.ashx?event=DT150&evlinkid=301 Living people 1992 births Sport shooters from Haryana People from Sonipat Indian male sport shooters Shooters at the 2014 Asian Games Summer World University Games medalists in shooting Commonwealth Games medallists in shooting Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for India Trap and double trap shooters Shooters", "title": "Ankur Mittal" }, { "docid": "35077309", "text": "Shagun Chowdhary (born in 1983) is an Indian shooter from Jaipur, Rajasthan. She did her schooling from Maharani Gayatri Devi Girls School, Jaipur and graduated from Jesus and Mary College, Delhi University. Shagun Chowdhary became the first Indian woman to qualify for the Olympics in clay pigeon shooting. She finished in 20th place in the trap shooting event at the 2012 Summer Olympics taking place in London. Shagun,a player of ONGC, attributes her success to coach Marcello Dradi and Daniele DiSpigno from Italy and her sports psychologist Vaibhav Agashe. In 2005 Shagun Chowdhary also made a bold move of shifting from double trap to trap. Her father, Sushil Chowdhary, introduced her to Skeet Shooting when she was just 2-years old. She is the first Indian woman to qualify for the Olympic trap shooting event. In London 2012 with a score of 61 in the qualifying round she stood at the 20th position and was unable to move to the finals. Shagun Chowdhary has been crowned National Champion multiple times. She won the national championship at the women's trap event at the 61st National Shooting Championship on Thursday 16 November 2017.She is an Asian Games Medalist and the current National Games Champion. References Indian female sport shooters Living people Sport shooters from Jaipur Olympic shooters for India Shooters at the 2012 Summer Olympics 1983 births Asian Games medalists in shooting Shooters at the 2010 Asian Games Shooters at the 2014 Asian Games Sportswomen from Rajasthan 21st-century Indian women 21st-century Indian people Asian Games bronze medalists for India Medalists at the 2014 Asian Games", "title": "Shagun Chowdhary" } ]	[ { "docid": "61192273", "text": "The National School Walkout was a national student-led protest on April 20, 2018, the 19th anniversary of the Columbine High School massacre. The walkout was one of many protests against gun violence in the United States that erupted in response to the Marjory Stoneman Douglas mass shooting on February 14, 2018. Conception After the shooting in Parkland, Ridgefield High School student Lane Murdock uploaded a petition to change.org, asking people to protest the lack of responses that follow school shootings in America by participating in a walkout. The petition accumulated over 270,000 signatures. Murdock partnered with Indivisible to successfully rollout the effort. The National School Walkout's Twitter account accumulated more than 100,000 followers in five days. National School Walkout scheduled the nationwide walkout to take place on April 20, as it marked the 19th anniversary of the Columbine High school shooting. The official color for The National School Walkout was orange, as a nod to the color hunters wear to distinguish fellow hunters from animals. Event Students from over 2,500 schools participated in the walkout, taking place at 10 o’clock in the morning in each local time zone. When students headed outside, they participated in 13 seconds of silence to honor the 13 people killed at Columbine High School. Many walkouts consisted of the incorporation of open mics, to guest speakers and even voter registration sections; where senior students that were eligible, registered to vote. Some students also wrote letters to students from other school communities that have been impacted by school shootings, whereas others decided to set booths where students could call their representatives to pressure lawmakers over gun control. The April 20 walkout organized by Murdock was set to last until the end of the school day, because the issue is one that needed to be ‘'addressed [for] longer than 17 minutes\". This was said in reference to the March 14 walkout, which lasted for 17 minutes to mark the 17 lives lost at the Marjory Stone High School shooting, after which students returned to their classrooms. Response Murdock’s plan to hold a school walkout met much criticism from different groups of people, ranging from students and staff from Columbine High school to educators of various schools and even government branches of education from different states across the country. The backlash was largely due to uncertainty about the purpose of the walkout, as well as its overlap with many standardized student exams. National School Walkout occurred on the anniversary of the Columbine High School shooting, but faced criticism from students, alumni and staff from the high school. It was custom for classes to be cancelled on April 24 for Columbine High School students in honor of those who passed during the shooting to allow students to engage in community service. Many members from the school community expressed their dislike of the walkout being held on that day and made it clear that they did not support it. The principal from Columbine High School, Scott Christy, wrote a letter", "title": "The National School Walkout" }, { "docid": "45311010", "text": "\"Baggage\" is the second episode of third season of the American television drama series The Americans, and the 28th overall episode of the series. It originally aired on February 4, 2015 in the United States on FX. Plot Elizabeth Jennings (Keri Russell) arrives at the hotel where Annelise (Gillian Alexy) was murdered. She and Philip (Matthew Rhys) dispose of her body by breaking her limbs and stuffing her into a suitcase. Arriving in a crate to the FBI, Zinaida Preobrazhenskaya (Svetlana Efremova), a defector from the Institute for US and Canadian Studies, is greeted by Stan Beeman (Noah Emmerich). Nina Sergeevna (Annet Mahendru), who is incarcerated at the Lefortovo Prison for treason, gets a frightened Belgian cell mate, Evi Sneijder (Katja Herbers), but Nina refuses to speak with her. Zinaida Preobrazhenskaya discusses with Stan the Institute in Moscow she worked for, where their duties were to report on Soviet leadership on all aspects of geopolitical significance regarding the U.S. and Canada. She confides in Stan that she is glad that it is over, but he assures her that it is not. In a flashback to her childhood, Elizabeth remembers her mother telling her that her father was a deserter who was shot and killed. Philip meets Yousaf (Rahul Khanna) and they briefly discuss Annelise. Philip tells Yousaf that he needs the names of members working in the CIA Afghanistan group, when Philip suggests he arrange a meeting with them. Stan is held at gunpoint by Oleg Igorevich Burov (Costa Ronin), who blames him for Nina's arrest and upcoming execution. Stan tells him that he loved Nina and, if Oleg wants to shoot him, he can shoot him in the back and Stan walks away. Philip confronts Elizabeth about her plan to induct Paige (Holly Taylor) into the KGB and talks about Annelise's death, saying it could happen to Paige. A distraught Stan visits with Sandra (Susan Misner) to discuss being held up. She comforts him, but tells him she is not coming back to him. Philip and Elizabeth make arrangements for Yousaf's meeting, in which Philip will identify the members of the Afghan group and their license plates. At a motel, in separate rooms, Philip and Elizabeth monitor the meeting; but, when Yousaf and an unidentified man get into a car, Elizabeth tails them, against Philip's wishes. They meet up and Elizabeth tells Philip that they need to go to the bar themselves where the meeting takes place, where Philip takes photographs of the meeting. Nina has a meeting with Oleg's father, who tells her that Oleg has asked for his help in saving her. She asks him to deliver a message that she was not pretending when they were together. At their office, Philip and Elizabeth discuss what they will do about Paige. Elizabeth tells him of the day she broke the rules and told her mother she was recruited; her mother did not blink and told her to serve her country. Production The episode was written by Joel", "title": "Baggage (The Americans)" }, { "docid": "9204112", "text": "Gora and Badal are Rajput warriors, whose story appears in the medieval Indian texts Padmavat (1540 CE), Gora Badal Padmini Chaupai (1589 CE), and their later adaptions. They served the king of Chittor, Ratansen (identified with Ratnasimha, also called Ratan Singh in later legends). Alauddin Khalji of Delhi attacked Chittor to obtain Ratansen's wife Padmavati and captured the king. Gora, Badal, and their soldiers entered Delhi disguised as Padmini and her companions, and rescued the king. Gora died fighting in this campaign, while Badal escorted the king to Chittor. Padmavat In Malik Muhammad Jayasi's Padmavat (1540 CE), Gora and Badal are vassals of Ratansen, the king of Chittor (identified with Ratnasimha). Alauddin Khalji of Delhi attacks Chittor to obtain Ratansen's beautiful wife Padmavati. During a peace negotiation, Ratansen invites Alauddin as a guest inside the fort, against the advice of Gora and Badal. Alauddin deceitfully catches a glimpse of Padmavati, captures Ratansen, and returns to Delhi. Padmavati asks Gora and Badal to help her free Ratansen. The two men and their followers enter the fortress of Delhi, disguised as Padmavati and her companions. They free Ratansen, but Gora is killed fighting during the escape, while Badal takes Ratansen to Chittor. Gora Badal Padmini Chaupai Hemratan's Gora Badal Padmini Chaupai (1589 CE) follows a similar plot: Alauddin invades Chittor to obtain Ratan Sen's wife Padmini, and deceitfully captures Ratan Sen. The frightened nobles of Chittor consider surrendering Padmini to Alauddin. But warriors Gora (or Goru) and Badal (or Badil) agree to defend her and rescue king Ratansen. They pretend to make arrangements to bring Padmavati to Alauddin's camp, but instead bring warriors concealed in palanquins. They rescue the king; Gora dies fighting Alauddin's army, while Badal escorts the king back to the Chittor fort. Gora's wife commits self-immolation (sati). In heaven, Gora is rewarded with half of Indra's throne. References Bibliography 14th-century Indian people People from Rajasthan Duos", "title": "Gora Badal" }, { "docid": "70951331", "text": "On June 4, 2022, three people were killed and eleven others were injured in a shooting on South Street in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Background South Street is a popular night time destination in Philadelphia. It is home to a number of stores, restaurants, bars, and performance venues. The Theatre of Living Arts, which is located in between Third and Fourth Streets, where the shooting took place, was hosting the band Dying Fetus. Close to South Street is the Philadelphia Gayborhood, which had been the site of gay pride events that day, as part of Pride Month. The shooting took place on a Saturday night, which is when South Street is typically most crowded. On the weekends, South Street is shut down to traffic, and during the summertime weekends, there is a large police presence. However, according to local business owners, police did not enforce the curfew for teenagers, or the ordinances restricting loud music and ATVs. Prior to the shooting, at 9 pm, two men could be seen brandishing firearms in the waists of their pants, which caused onlookers to flee. Shooting Police reported that the shooting took place on Fourth and South Street around 11:30pm. Cellphone footage prior to the shooting that was corroborated by The Philadelphia Inquirer showed a heated confrontation and fistfight preceding the gunfire. Two men approached a third man, who was standing outside a Rita's Italian Ice. The men were later identified as Rashaan Vereen, Gregory Jackson, and Mika Townes. The video shows Jackson and Townes arguing before Jackson pulled out a gun. Jackson and Vereen began to fight Townes for about 15 seconds before Jackson opened fire and hit Townes, who then returned fire and killed Jackson. Vereen is seen in video footage, picking up Jackson's gun and handing it off to another individual in a blue hoodie before staying with Jackson. As a result of the gunfire, a third shooter, Quran Garner, returned fire down the street. Responding officers began to focus on Garner who had pointed his weapon at officers and opened fire striking Garner. Garner was transported to the hospital for his wounds and later arrested. A Philadelphia police captain said that officers first heard gunshots near Second and South Streets and saw multiple shooters. The shooting resulted in chaos on South Street with people sprinting to flee the area. Amid the chaos, trash cans were knocked over and car windows were smashed. At least five guns were fired during the shooting. Weapons recovered at the scene included two-semi automatic handguns, one of which had an extended magazine. At the time of the shooting Jackson and Townes had licenses to carry a gun while Garner did not. Victims Police identified the three victims who were killed; their ages were 22, 27, and 34. Police said two of them were bystanders with no connection to the suspects. Thirteen people were injured and were taken to Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Pennsylvania Hospital, and Penn Presbyterian Medical Center. The victims ranged in age", "title": "2022 Philadelphia shooting" }, { "docid": "45005204", "text": "Pheasant shooting is the activity of shooting the common pheasant. It takes place in the United Kingdom, and is practised in other parts of the world. Shooting of game birds is carried out using a shotgun, often 12 and 20 bore or a .410, sometimes on land managed by a gamekeeper. United Kingdom The common pheasant was first introduced to Great Britain many centuries ago, but was rediscovered as a game bird in the 1830s. It is reared extensively in captivity, and around 47 million pheasants are released each year on shooting estates, mainly in England, although most released birds survive less than a year in the wild. The numbers of captive-reared pheasants released have risen sharply since the 1980s. Natural England has concluded that the released birds threaten native wildlife by increasing predator numbers and creating competition for food. In October 2020 the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) announced that a licensing regime would be introduced in 2021 for releases of pheasants within 500m of protected sites. Pheasants are shot on the traditional formal \"driven shoot\" principles, whereby guest or paying guns have birds driven over them by beaters, and on smaller \"rough shoots\" by other methods. The open season in the UK is from 1 October to 1 February, under the Game Act 1831. Generally they are shot by “guns” employing gun dogs to help find, flush, and retrieve shot birds. Retrievers, spaniels, and pointing breeds are used to flush pheasants. The doggerel \"Up gets a guinea, bang goes a penny-halfpenny, and down comes a half a crown\" reflects the expensive pastime of 19th century driven shoots in Britain, when pheasants were often shot for pleasure. It was a popular royal pastime in Britain to shoot common pheasants. King George V shot over a thousand pheasants out of a total bag of 3,937 over a six-day period in December 1913 during a competition with a friend, however did not do enough to beat him. United States Common pheasants were introduced in North America in 1773 and have become well established throughout much of the Rocky Mountain states (Colorado, Montana, Wyoming, etc.), the Midwest, the Plains states, as well as Canada and Mexico. In the southwest, they can even be seen south of the Rockies in Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge south of Albuquerque, New Mexico. It is now most common on the Great Plains. In some states, e.g. Ohio, captive-reared and released birds make up much of the population. The first planted pheasants in the United States were put in the Willamette Valley in Oregon. Pheasant hunting is popular in much of the U.S., especially in the Great Plains states, where a mix of farmland and native grasslands provides ideal habitat. South Dakota alone has an annual harvest of over a million birds by over 200,000 hunters. Much of the American hunting is done by groups of hunters, who walk through fields and shoot the birds as they are flushed by dogs such as", "title": "Pheasant shooting" }, { "docid": "74399675", "text": "The 2023–24 New Mexico State Aggies men's basketball team represents New Mexico State University in the 2023–24 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Aggies are led by first-year head coach Jason Hooten and plays their home games at the Pan American Center in Las Cruces, New Mexico as first year members of the Conference USA. Previous season The 2022-2023 New Mexico Aggies men's basketball team finished 9-15 (2-16) in Western Athletic Conference play to finish in last place. This season marked their last in the Western Athletic Conference. Due to the suspension of the basketball program, the Aggies did not take part in the 2023 WAC tournament. On November 19, 2022, reports came in that a shooting between a student attending the University of New Mexico and a New Mexico State basketball player, leaving the student dead. The basketball player was later identified as Mike Peake, wounded on the UNM main campus in Albuquerque. A day later, on November 20, 2022, the New Mexico State Police released details of the shooting, including the arrest of 17-year old Mya Hill. The next day, the New Mexico State Police confirmed a second arrest relating to the shooting, arresting 19-year old Jonathan Smith. On February 10, 2023, New Mexico State University announced the men's basketball program's season would be cancelled based on new reports of violations of university policies. The Aggies and Lobos were slated to renew the Rio Grande Rivalry on the night of the shooting, but the game was postponed. Three days later, both schools decided to cancel the Rio Grande Rivalry for the season due to safety concerns. On December 5, NM State Athletic Director Mario Moccia announced the indefinite suspension of the 21-year old Mike Peake. No charges have been filed against Peake in what was called a \"self-defense situation\", but there are two investigations surrounding the shooting. On February 10, 2023, New Mexico State University Announced the men's basketball program's season would be cancelled based on new reports of violations of university policies. Its entire coaching staff was placed on administrative leave as a result. KTSM reported that the season was suspended because of allegations of hazing by at least three different players multiple times. The rest of the team's games were canceled and later deemed forfeits by the WAC on February 13. They did not take part in the WAC Tournament. The NCAA does not recognize the forfeited games as part of the team's overall record. On February 14, head coach Greg Heiar was officially fired by NMSU. On March 24, the school named Sam Houston head coach Jason Hooten the team's new head coach. Offseason Departures Incoming transfers 2023 recruiting class Roster Schedule and results \|- !colspan=12 style=\| Non-conference regular season \|- !colspan=12 style=\| Conference USA regular season \|- !colspan=12 style=\| Conference USA Tournament Sources References New Mexico State Aggies men's basketball seasons New Mexico State New Mexico State Aggies men's basketball New Mexico State Aggies men's basketball", "title": "2023–24 New Mexico State Aggies men's basketball team" }, { "docid": "72908706", "text": "The 2017 Lima shooting () was a mass shooting that began on February 17 and ended on February 18, 2017 at the Royal Plaza shopping center, located in a disputed area between the districts of Independencia and San Martín de Porres, and to a lesser extent in a sector of the district of Los Olivos, in northern Lima, Peru. As a result of the event, at least 5 people lost their lives and 10 were injured. The perpetrator of the shooting was identified by the police as Eduardo Glicerio Romero Naupay, a 32-year-old man born in the city of Huánuco. Romero had previously served in the Peruvian Navy, where he obtained a license to bear arms. During the shooting, he was killed by Lorenzo Machaca Esquía, a 29-year-old non-commissioned officer who was in civilian clothes at the time of the shooting. It is believed that the motive for the attack was the eviction of his mobile stand selling salchipapas and hamburgers, which had happened the day before because he was in a restricted area and did not have a license to operate as a vendor. Background One day before the shooting, Romero had been caught by municipal inspectors from Los Olivos selling food informally at a food cart, for which he was ordered to vacate the place where he worked and told to remove his products and cart. Hours before the attack the day after, Romero posted on his Facebook account at 3:19 p.m. stating that he planned to kill the inspectors who had evicted him. Shooting At 10:00 pm. on February 17, 2017, despite the warning given to him the day before, Romero continued to sell with his street vendor in the same place, resulting in the municipal inspectors of Los Olivos arriving. Martín Moreno Zavaleta, one of the inspectors, was tasked with removing Romero and reaching an agreement with him, but the situation escalated when they asked him to hand over his sales cart, telling him that he could pick it up at the warehouse. Once he had paid the fine that the cart would be given back to him. This prompted Romero to shoot Moreno, who was hit 3 three times to the leg, face and abdomen, mortally wounding him. In the midst of the commotion and chaos caused by the shots, Romero fled to the Panamericana Norte junction where he crossed the limits of the aforementioned districts heading to the Royal Plaza shopping center where he climbed the stairs and headed towards the nightclub area. Once there, Romero tried to enter the DiLuna nightclub, but a security worker did not allow him to enter. Romero then shot her, wounding her in the shoulder and neck. A security member of the nearby Zeven nightclub tried to help the woman but was also shot by the gunman, dying on the spot. Once inside the nightclub, Romero fired indiscriminately, injuring several people. He then left the nightclub and continued to shoot on the second floor of the establishment. However,", "title": "2017 Lima shooting" }, { "docid": "7064977", "text": "Niagara, Niagara is a 1997 film directed by Bob Gosse, and starring Henry Thomas, Robin Tunney, as well as Michael Parks, John Ventimiglia and Stephen Lang. A dark and tragic romantic tale about young love, drugs, a cross country trip and Tourette syndrome. Filmed locations were New Paltz, Highland and Poughkeepsie in upstate New York, as well as Niagara Falls and Canada. The film was produced by the New York City based Shooting Gallery. The film was praised internationally, particularly in the UK, but American critics were mixed. Robin Tunney's performance garnered her the Volpi Cup Award for Best Actress at the 1997 Venice International Film Festival. The film has fallen into a cult status, due to underground popularity. Plot The film begins with Seth and Marcy shoplifting items from a dollar type store. The two crooks crash into each other and soon a friendship ensues. After giving Marcy a ride to her weekend job, Seth goes home to his abusive and somewhat mentally unstable father. The next day Seth is at a different store where he runs into Marcy. After driving over to her home and picking up some of Marcy's personal items, they begin a drive north to Canada in pursuit of a black Barbie styling head for Marcy. On their drive north, Marcy is unable to hide her tics. At one point, she has an outburst in a parking lot and attacks a guy who was shouting insults to Seth. From this point on, the only things that keep her tics and behaviors at bay are sex and alcohol. In desperation to get her hands on the antipsychotic haloperidol, they attempt to rob a pharmacy. The pharmacist catches them and shoots Seth in the leg with a shot gun. The two get away, but one of the car tires is hit in the process and eventually Marcy crashes the car. An old man named Walter tows their truck to his place and helps take care of Seth's wound. Over the course of a week, he teaches the two how to shoot and catch fish. After a local deputy comes by asking Walter if he'd seen the pair, Marcy has a severe outburst and beats Walter. Seth and Marcy take off in Walter's truck. The pair make it to Canada and find the Barbie head. The only available black Barbie head is a display model that the store manager refuses to sell. Marcy again has a violent outburst and the cops are called. When the police arrive, she grabs the gun from one police officer and the other surprises her from a side aisle and shoots her dead. Seth is arrested. Later, we see Walter reading an apologies letter with $20 from Seth. Seth narrates the happy ending that did not happen, as Walter reads his letter. Cast Henry Thomas as Seth Robin Tunney as Marcy Michael Parks as Walter Stephen Lang as Claude Candy Clark as Sally John Ventimiglia as Doug (Drug Store Owner) Clea DuVall as", "title": "Niagara, Niagara" }, { "docid": "72252077", "text": "On the night of November 13, 2022, a mass shooting took place at the University of Virginia (UVA) in Charlottesville, Virginia, in which three people were killed and two others were injured. Four of the victims, including the three who died, were members of the UVA football team. The suspect, 22-year-old Christopher Darnell Jones Jr., was later taken into custody and charged with three counts of second-degree murder, as well as three counts of using a handgun in the commission of a felony. Shooting The suspect, Christopher Darnell Jones Jr., allegedly opened fire while on a chartered bus that had returned from a UVA class trip to Washington, D.C., to see a play about Emmett Till on November 13, 2022. While Jones was not a part of the class on African American playwrights, which included five UVA football players, he had been invited to join the trip as he was taking a social justice class taught by the same professor. On the way back Jones rode in the back of the bus and did not engage in most of the discussion with others. The first shots were heard at approximately 10:15 p.m. (EST) at a parking garage near the UVA drama building. All those involved in the shooting were on the bus. Some survivors said that they heard Jones yell, \"You guys are always messing with me\" before he opened fire. A survivor said that the shooting began as they were pulling up to the parking garage, and at first she thought it was a balloon or bag of chips popping, before she smelled smoke and gunpowder and dropped to the floor of the bus. During a lull in the shooting she saw Jones move down the aisle of the bus before leaving the bus, and the gunfire began again. Even during calls to evacuate the bus, some students attempted to give first aid and CPR to victims, before their professor evacuated them into the drama building, where several hid in a bathroom and called 911. Witnesses reported that the shooting appeared to be targeted, with Jones shooting one of the deceased victims who was asleep. The mother of one of the wounded told reporters that her son had reportedly evacuated from the bus with two students, but was wounded after returning to attempt to help his friends after realizing that no one else had evacuated. At around 10:30 pm, Virginia Cavaliers head football coach Tony Elliott was called by an uninjured football player on the bus and notified of what happened, along with UVA police department support services bureau captain Mike Blakey, and both responded to the scene at the same time. Elliot and Blakey were quickly sent to the hospital before reaching the crime scene. As both of the injured were members of UVA sports teams, multiple other coaches and athletics administrators joined the two men at the hospital. A shelter in place warning was issued on Sunday night and was carried out until 10:33 a.m. Monday. While", "title": "2022 University of Virginia shooting" }, { "docid": "7218706", "text": "Ole Østmo (13 September 1866 – 11 September 1923) was a Norwegian sharpshooting champion who competed in top rifle shooting sports events during late 19th century and early 20th century. Biography Born in Elverum, Østmo moved to Oslo in his early twenties and became a member of the Christiania Skytterlag Club in Oslo. Østmo won a number of medals, including one gold, at the first World Shooting Championships held in Lyon in 1897. The gold medal was in the standing shooting event, which gave him the momentum in the combination to also take a silver behind Frank Jullien of Switzerland. Additionally, the Norwegian team won a silver. Three years later Ole Østmo returned to France to participate in the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris where he won four Olympic medals—two silver and two bronze. The silver medals were awarded in the standing 300 metre free rifle he missed out on first place by six points to Lars Jørgen Madsen from Denmark, and in the team 300 metre free rifle event, finishing behind the team from Switzerland, the bronze medals came in the prone 300 metre free rifle, finishing behind Frenchman Achille Paroche and the Dane Anders Peter Nielsen, and he got the other third place in the three positions 300 metre free rifle, he did compete in another event the kneeling 300 metre free rifle but he could only manage fifteenth place. Østmo died in Oslo in 1923 just two days before his 58th birthday. References External links Norwegian male sport shooters ISSF rifle shooters Olympic silver medalists for Norway Olympic bronze medalists for Norway Olympic shooters for Norway Shooters at the 1900 Summer Olympics 1866 births 1923 deaths Olympic medalists in shooting Medalists at the 1900 Summer Olympics People from Elverum Sportspeople from Innlandet", "title": "Ole Østmo" }, { "docid": "36931682", "text": "Elena Allen (née Bogdanova; born 12 July 1972) is a British sport shooter. She represented Wales in the Commonwealth Games in 2014, winning the silver medal, having previously won bronze for England at the 2006 Games. She competed for Team GB at the 2008 and 2012 Olympics and has been chosen once more to compete at the 2016 Games. Early life Elena Bogdanova was born in Moscow, Russia—then in the Soviet Union—on 12 July 1972. Her mother was Tatiana Bogdanova, who competed for the Soviet Union in shooting at European and World Championships, but did not compete at the Olympics. Elena has two sisters, Natasha and Maria, who are also shooters. She competed in the Soviet junior championships at the age of 18, placing third overall. In 1992, she moved to the United Kingdom where she married English international shooter Chris Little. She was later remarried to another fellow shooter Malcolm Allen. She attended the University of Bradford, where she earned a degree in modern languages. Shooting career Allen won the bronze medal at the 2002 ISSF World Shooting Championships in Finland. In 2005, she set a world record for shooting which stood for seven years. She also won the gold medal at the World Cup event in Belgrade, Serbia, and a silver medal at the European Shooting Championships. Allen shot for England at the 2006 Commonwealth Games, winning the bronze medal in the Women's skeet shooting competition. Competing for Great Britain at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China, she placed in 13th position overall. She won two bronze medals at World Cup events in Dorset, England, and in Italy in 2010. In 2010 at the Commonwealth Championships held in New Delhi, she won Gold in the women's skeet event alongside her husband Malcolm Allen who also won Gold in the men's skeet event, the only time that a husband/wife had taken both titles. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, she competed in the skeet event. Following three qualifying rounds, she finished in 13th place. She felt that the pressure of the home crowd did not help, being unfamiliar with enthusiastic crowds. She hoped that the experience would help her in the pursuit of medals at the 2016 Summer Olympics. In the 2013 World Shotgun Championships in Lima, Peru she received a bronze medal in the individual skeet competition. In the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow, Allen took silver in the women's skeet. She had switched her allegiance to the Welsh team after qualifying for them through residency. At the World Championships during the same year, Allen placed second in the individual skeet event at the World Championships, being defeated to the gold medal by Brandy Drozd and a single target. This placing gave Great Britain a further place in the competition for the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The combined scores of Allen 73, Amber Hill 72 and Sarah Gray 68 won the team the overall gold medal in the competition. Following that tournament, she was", "title": "Elena Allen" }, { "docid": "36853296", "text": "The third season of Next Top Model by Cătălin Botezatu premiered on September 20, 2012. The judging panel for season three remained unchanged. Sixteen contestants were chosen again for this year's competition. The winner of the competition was 22-year-old Ramona Popescu from Bucharest. The international destinations for this season were Mykonos, Paphos, and Cappadocia. Cast Contestants (Ages stated are at start of contest) Judges Cătălin Botezatu Laurent Tourette Liviu Ionescu Mirela Vescan Episodes Episode 1 First aired September 20, 2012 Casting week. The final sixteen contestants are selected by Cătălin to join the competition, but Veronica decides to leave the show to remain in school. The following day, Bianca enters the competition. First call-out: Victoria Cartiră Quit: Veronica Cazac Special guests: Alina Pușcaș, Guido Dolci Episode 2 First aired September 27, 2012 The models receive their makeovers. Later, the girls receive a regulation of top model. The next day the girls take part in the first challenge. At the winner of the first challenge is Andreea. The first photo shoot in this season took place in nature, with Mihai Ștețcu photographing the girls. The theme for the shoot was forbidden fruit. The girls posed with a male model. During the first photo shoot, Silvana was eliminated because of her poor performance, but in the end she got another chance. At panel Denisa, Ramona, Barbara and Bianca had the best photos. Silvana's photo received heavy criticism, as did Sânziana's and Laura's. Sânziana and Silvana found themselves in the bottom two for their poor photos. Cătălin handed the last photograph to Sânziana, resulting in Silvana's elimination. First Call-out: Denisa Ciocoiu Bottom Two: Sânziana Cozorici & Silvana Anghel Eliminated: Silvana Anghel Featured photographer: Mihai Ștețcu Episode 3 First aired October 4, 2012 At the runway challenge, the girls walk in a fashion show wearing dresses designed by Mihai Albu and Cătălin Botezatu. In the next day the girls walk again with a male model in a fashion show by Cătălin, but Cătălin decided that Sânziana, Victoria and Diana Luca did not participate in this catwalk. Cătălin and the girls did made Sânziana's surprise for to cheer up. At the photo shoot, the girls do a shoot inspired of Greek Mythology Part II, due to health problems, Laura did not participate on the photo shoot. At judging, Otilia, Cristina, Lavinia, Sânziana and Denisa received praise from the judges while Barbara, Diana Luca, Victoria and Bianca had the worst photos. Victoria becomes faint at panel due emotions. Bianca landed in the bottom two for slowly sliding down the competition with Diana Luca and in a shocking elimination, both of them were sent home. First Call-out: Otilia Cioșă Bottom Two: Bianca Taban & Diana Luca Eliminated: Bianca Taban & Diana Luca Featured photographer: Andreea Retinschi Episode 4 First aired October 11, 2012 In this episode, in first challenge the girls made a catwalk blindfolded and holding objects in hands, the end no girl don't won the challenge. In next day the girls walk in a salt", "title": "Next Top Model (Romanian TV series) season 3" }, { "docid": "12215324", "text": "Rebecca Napier (also Robinson) is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera Neighbours, played by Jane Hall. The show suffered a ratings decline in early 2007 and plans were put in place for storylines to focus more on relationships and family dynamics. During this period, the character of Rebecca was created and introduced. She made her first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 13 July 2007. Rebecca is the mother of Oliver Barnes and Declan Napier. Rebecca departed on 15 March 2011, after Hall chose to leave the serial. Hall reprised the role in February 2014 and again in September 2019. Creation and casting In 2007, Neighbours suffered a ratings decline and plans were put into place to take a \"back to basics\" approach where storylines would become less controversial and return to the focus on relationships and family dynamics. It was at this point that the character of Rebecca was created, and Jane Hall was cast in the role. The character was to create a family unit for existing character Oliver Barnes (David Hoflin). Of her casting Hall said \"Neighbours is a legend of a show, and now, it's getting back to the heart-land, to relationships and family and the ins-and-outs of life.\" Hall later commented that her character had \"shaken up\" the series and made it more interesting, she also said that Rebecca has been on tumultuous journey since her inception. Before the character had appeared on-screen there was speculation that Hall wanted to leave after only one day of filming as Rebecca. During an interview on Rove, Hall spoke about her melt down and what had caused her upset, saying \"There is about fifteen to twenty minutes in the studio, per scene to shoot it. So I come in and it's my first day in studio and they have probably my most crucial scene, which is where I [Rebecca] met my son, I've never seen him before, I gave him up when I was 17. A pivotal scene and they say can we shoot it in five minutes, cut along story short I was crap, I went into the producers office and said you've made a terrible mistake, sack me now, we had to re-shoot it, and I wasn't much good the second time around either.\" She also said that in time she got to grips with her character and managed to portray her to an extent she was herself, happy with. Development Characterisation In her fictional backstory, Rebecca became estranged from her family after she became pregnant at seventeen. Rebecca's father, Alan (Barry Friedlander), pressured her into giving her baby son to Clifford (Andrew Wemyss) and Pamela Barnes (Brooke Nicol) to raise as their own. This forced Rebecca to grow up quickly. Unable to watch her son grow up with another family, Rebecca moved away. She later gave birth to another son, Declan (James Sorensen), and raised him alone. She did not stop thinking about the son she gave up years earlier. Rebecca raised", "title": "Rebecca Napier" }, { "docid": "23394052", "text": "Sergiy Gladyr (; born 17 October 1988) is a Ukrainian former professional basketball player. He was selected with the 49th overall pick by the Atlanta Hawks in the 2009 NBA draft. Professional career Gladyr began his career with one of the smallest teams in the Ukrainian Super League, MBС Mykolaiv. Gladyr shot 47% on three-point shots and 90% on free throws in the Ukrainian Super League, during the 2007–08 season, before taking a slight step back in his shooting percentages in the 2008–09 season (shooting 36% from three-point range and 81% from the free throw line respectively). During the 2008–09 season, he exploded for a season high of 36 points against Khimik Yuzhny, in a game where he got to the free throw line 19 times. Gladyr helped MBС Mykolaiv to a fifth-place finish in the Ukrainian Super League in the 2008–09 season, by averaging 15.4 points per game. In July 2009, Gladyr signed a three-year deal with Bàsquet Manresa of the Liga ACB. In August 2012, he signed with Baloncesto Fuenlabrada for the 2012–13 season. On 1 October 2013 Gladyr signed a one-year deal with the French EuroLeague team JSF Nanterre. On 21 August 2014 he signed with SLUC Nancy Basket for the 2014–15 season. In 33 games of the French Pro A he averaged 12.1 points and 3.5 rebounds per game. On 25 August 2015 it was announced that he signed with İstanbul BB of the Turkish Basketball League, however the team rescinded the contract after he failed the physical. On September 9, he signed with AS Monaco Basket of the French LNB Pro A. NBA Gladyr was drafted by the NBA team the Atlanta Hawks in the second round of the 2009 NBA draft, with the 49th pick overall. He did not play for an NBA summer league team after the draft since the Atlanta Hawks did not field a team, but he did show up for the Hawks rookie mini-camp. He played for the Hawks in the NBA Summer League in 2010 and 2013. In 2017, his draft rights were traded to the Cleveland Cavaliers. Player profile Gladyr is a classic two-guard. He's got a phenomenal shooting touch in addition to his athleticism, which allows him to easily pass by defenders and dunk the ball over them. He's turned into a real showman during the 2008–09 season in Ukraine, with the April All-Star Game highlighting his performance: Gladyr scored a game-high 24 points and also dished out nine assists. He also set his home crowd on fire as he took the 3-point shootout title, defeating BC Kyiv's Manuchar Markoishvili in the final. Personal life Sergiy Gladyr is married to Olena Khomrova, a Ukrainian fencer. They have one daughter, Eva. References External links ACB.com profile Draftexpress.com profile Eurobasket.com profile Euroleague.net profile FIBA.com profile 1988 births Living people 2014 FIBA Basketball World Cup players AS Monaco Basket players Atlanta Hawks draft picks Baloncesto Fuenlabrada players Bàsquet Manresa players Nanterre 92 players Liga ACB players MBC Mykolaiv players Sportspeople", "title": "Sergiy Gladyr" }, { "docid": "65583895", "text": "The 2020 Zagreb shooting, commonly referred to as the St. Mark's Square attack (), occurred on 12 October 2020 in Zagreb, Croatia, when 22-year-old Danijel Bezuk approached Banski dvori, which houses the office of the Prime Minister and serves as the meeting place of the government, on St. Mark's Square and started shooting at it with an assault rifle, wounding a police officer in the process. In the aftermath, the perpetrator ran off to a nearby neighborhood and committed suicide. Attack The attack was committed by 22-year-old Danijel Bezuk from Kutina, Croatia, who did not appear at his workplace in Zagreb, but instead headed to St. Mark's Square, where the buildings of the Croatian government (Banski dvori), Croatian Parliament (Sabor) and the Constitutional Court are located. He subsequently took out an automatic rifle (5.45×39mm AK-74) and opened fire on the 33-year-old police officer, Oskar Fiuri, who was guarding the main entrance, wounding him with four rounds, after which he continued shooting on Banski dvori. Another police officer who was guarding the Parliament on the opposite side of the square noticed what was happening, so he took out his personal weapon and fired at the attacker. Bezuk ran to the nearby street to take cover and reloaded his gun. He then returned and fired on the police again, but was again suppressed by the police fire, and fled the scene in response. The wounded officer Fiuri ran approximately and collapsed in a state of shock. He was helped by the bystanders, who called an ambulance. The wounded policeman was taken to Sisters of Charity Hospital in Zagreb, where he was treated for his wounds. Police then swarmed St. Mark Square looking for the attacker, but soon received the report of shots heard in the nearby Jabukovac Street, which turned out to be Bezuk taking his own life. Motives Soon after the attack, the Croatian media found out the attacker's identity and started analyzing Bezuk's Facebook account, which featured written statuses, expressing his frustrations with the state of affairs in Croatia. The posts included a link to a YouTube video dedicated to snipers, captioned with: \"I wish I was one of these guys, to take out Serbs\". In another post, he described himself as \"a tourist in his own country\". In yet another post, he expressed his support for far-right Croatian Party of Rights' (HSP) early 1990s paramilitary wing, Croatian Defence Forces (HOS). In his last Facebook status before committing suicide, he wrote: \"Enough with the frauds and ruthless trampling of human values without [any] responsibility\". In February 2021, Prime Minister Andrej Plenković stated that the motive of the attack was his party Croatian Democratic Union's (HDZ) coalition with the Independent Democratic Serb Party (SDSS). Reactions After the Croatian media started writing about Bezuk's Facebook profile, his profile received support from many other users. However, it was later deleted. In the immediate aftermath of the shooting, President Zoran Milanović held a press conference in which he called the government to protect the", "title": "2020 Zagreb shooting" }, { "docid": "61558765", "text": "\"No Way to Prevent This,' Says Only Nation Where This Regularly Happens\" is the title of a series of articles perennially published by the American news satire organization The Onion satirizing the frequency of mass shootings in the United States and the lack of action taken in the wake of such incidents. Each article is about 200 words long, detailing the location of the shooting and the number of victims, but otherwise remaining essentially the same. A fictitious resident—usually of a state in which the shooting did not take place—is quoted as saying that the shooting was \"a terrible tragedy\", but \"there's nothing anyone can do to stop them.\" The article ends by saying that the United States is the \"only economically advanced nation in the world where roughly two mass shootings have occurred every month for the past eight years,\" and that Americans view themselves and the situation as \"helpless\". Background The article was first published on May 27, 2014, following the Isla Vista killings. Since then, The Onion has republished the same article dozens of times in the aftermath of major mass shooting incidents, nearly verbatim, with only minor changes to reflect the specifics of each shooting. In 2017, Marnie Shure, the managing editor for The Onion, said: \"By re-running the same commentary it strengthens the original commentary tenfold each time. ... In the wake of these really terrible things, we have this comment that really holds up.\" After The Onion republished the article on February 14, 2018, following the Parkland high school shooting, Jason Roeder, the writer of the original 2014 article, wrote that he \"had no idea it would be applied to the high school a mile from [his] house\". On May 25, 2022, following the Robb Elementary School shooting, The Onion featured all 21 versions of the article they had written since 2014 on the home page of their website and on their Twitter feed. The homepage feature was repeated following the July 4 Highland Park shooting, with the article count having increased to 25. As of October 2023, it has since increased to 36. Since 2017, the article has been republished for each mass shooting in the United States which resulted in ten or more deaths. Reception The New York Times wrote in 2017 that \"with each use, [the headline] seemed to turn from cheeky political commentary on gun control into a reverberation of despair\". Mashable wrote that captures that feeling of frustration and powerlessness\" following major mass shootings as well as The Onion articles, adding that \"[t]here's no shortage of brilliant Onion pieces, but none have resonated—or been as tragically prescient—like the 'No Way' post.\" The Washington Post wrote that The Onion \"appears to capture the frustration and futility felt by so many people\" following mass shootings, noting the increased Internet traffic the articles draw and how popular they are on social media. The Huffington Post said the articles have become \"a staple of the social media response to mass shootings\", citing how", "title": "'No Way to Prevent This,' Says Only Nation Where This Regularly Happens" }, { "docid": "37271895", "text": "The Admiral Sir Harry Rawson Cup, commonly known as \"The Rawson Cup\", was presented to the Sydney University Sports Union in 1906 by Admiral Sir Harry Rawson, GCB, KCMG, Governor of New South Wales (1902–1909). The Rawson Cup is the pinnacle of male intercollegiate sport at the University of Sydney. The cup is fought for by men representing each of the four colleges with male undergraduate students; St Andrew's College, St John's College, Wesley College and St Paul's College. In addition, postgraduate men of Sancta Sophia College compete in rowing, swimming, and athletics. It is contested over the academic year and consists of 8 sports: ‍Rowing ‍Swimming ‍Athletics ‍Rugby ‍Basketball ‍Tennis ‍Cricket ‍Soccer Previously Shooting was a Rawson Cup sport but this was replaced by Basketball in 1975. Soccer was introduced as a Rawson Cup sport in 1993. At the conclusion of each sport points are awarded; five [5] for first place, three [3] for second place, one [1] for third place and none [0] for fourth place. At the conclusion of the last sport the leader in the points score wins the Rawson Cup. St Andrew's College have won the Cup more than all other colleges combined and possess the longest continuous winning streak of eight years (1991 to 1998). St John's College have only won the Cup once, in 1974. Prior to the donation of the Rawson Cup, there was a sport played between the men's colleges at the University of Sydney on an informal basis from about 1892. The system used to determine the winner of the cup has a rather tangled history. Intercollegiate delegates have argued for many years over the interpretation of the word \"challenge\". Prior to 1922, the holder was determined on a first-place only basis, though half a point was awarded to each of the two colleges involved in a tied win in a sport. From 1922 second places were taken into consideration in the event in the event of two colleges obtaining an equal number of first places. In 1948, after consulting the University Of Sydney Sports Union, Intercol introduced the 5:3:1:0 scoring system, where points are shared in case of a draw. The challenge principle was held to be still preserved in that the college holding the cup had to be defeated on points to relinquish it. In 1960, 1978, 1996 and 2020, when St Andrew's and St Paul's were equal on points, St Andrew's retained the cup although both names were inscribed on it. The award of the cup is considered valid even if all the sports are not contested, such as in 1946 when rowing and shooting were not contested. During the two world wars, there were self-imposed restrictions on college sports and so the award of the Rawson Cup during those years was discontinued, although some informal sport did take place. References Sport at the University of Sydney", "title": "Rawson Cup" }, { "docid": "15825607", "text": "Where Has Love Gone? (, lit. Where Are You, Love?) is a 1980 Soviet musical drama film written and directed by Valeriu Gagiu starring Sofia Rotaru as well as Valeriu Gagiu and Evgueny Menishov. The movie features songs performed by Sofia Rotaru, sequence of substantial dialogues. The setting includes Moldavian landscape and countryside life as well as Black Sea coast, Chişinău and Odesa. Although heavily criticized by cinema experts, even by Sofia Rotaru herself, the film gathered more than 25 million viewers in the former Soviet Union. In 2002, the official video version of the movie directed by Valeriu Gagiu at studios Moldova-Film in 1980 was released by the ARENA Corporation. Plot After graduation from conservatory, music professor Marcela (Sofia Rotaru) teaches music in a village music school in Moldova. As a main solo vocal she is invited to join a musical vocal instrumental ensemble, which is being directed by astronomer Viktor. The first rehearsal takes place in the astronomic star observatory tower and that's where Viktor falls in love with Marcela. Andrei also has his idea about Marcela as he cheerly appreciates her first performance with their band. Marcela returns home to the village, where her local admirer waits for her next to her house door. The rehearsals lead to an invitation to perform on a cruise ship in the Black Sea. As the relationship with Viktor staggers, Andrei manages to approach Marcela. Love, artistic successes, and, as the genre requires, a victory at an international song festival are awaiting Marcela. Cast Sofia Rotaru as Marcela Bazatin Grigore Grigoriu as Viktor Evgueny Menishov as Andrei Ekaterine Kazimirova Konstantin Konstantinov Viktor Ignat Viktor Chutak Production The shooting of the movie started in Kishinev. The all-Soviet star Sofia Rotaru was selected to play the main role. In fact, in the half-documentary, half-autobiographical film, Rotaru played her real self, even though the last name of the heroine (Botezat) was not the same as the main role artist. From the beginning the movie was planned to be a musical film; that is why the Soviet singer Sofia Rotaru was invited. The producer Valeriu Gagiu said: As a result, the scenario was written in a way that it satisfied the conductorship as well. This was supposed to be the first full-fledged drama movie about Sofia Rotaru. The singer has agreed to play the role as she was on tour in Odessa. The shooting of the film started with an ensemble of actors, which represented the real cinema stars, even though the movie was a musical film: Grigore Grigoriu, Evgueny Menishov (presenter of the yearly song festival \"Song of the Year\" with Angelina Vovk), Viktor Chyutak cast. Because of the movie, Rotaru had to refuse to tour, what did not fit in with the plans of the director of Chervona Ruta ensemble, where Sofia Rotaru was the leading soloist singer. The shooting of the movie took place in Moldova, Crimea, and Odessa. One of the film episodes was shot in the museum-tower of the State", "title": "Where Has Love Gone? (film)" }, { "docid": "74627125", "text": "On 22 September 1976, a mass shooting and hostage crisis occurred on Boundary Street in Spring Hill, a suburb of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. 36-year-old William Robert Wilson killed two people and wounded four others at random before taking five hostages. He surrendered to police after an hours-long standoff and was sentenced to life imprisonment in 1980. Shooting At 12:30 p.m. (UTC+10:00; AEST) on 22 September 1976, local labourer William Robert Wilson, armed with a .22-calibre rifle and 500 rounds of ammunition, began shooting at people on a car park ramp in Spring Hill. Having been diagnosed with schizophrenia, Wilson was allegedly upset that he had been rejected for membership by a model plane club. He first shot and wounded 28-year-old Donald Galloway and 25-year-old Virginia Hollidge before proceeding down the street, where he encountered 17-year-old Monica Schleuss. Wilson shot Schleuss in the head, killing her in the street. The gunman crossed Boundary Street and opened fire into a milk bar, fatally shooting 18-year-old Marianne Kalatzis and wounding 17-year-old Mavis Saunders. Wilson walked to a neighbouring barber shop, where he fired at least four shots, wounding 48-year-old Quinto Alberto. The shooter then fled to a house in Kelvin Grove, where he forced his way inside and took five student teachers (four women and one man) hostage. The police response to the attack was bungled; as training was interrupted and law enforcement drove to the scene, a responding vehicle carrying weapons crashed in Jindalee. When police arrived, they took positions surrounding the house where Wilson and his hostages were, with some donning bulletproof vests and others arming themselves with rifles and shotguns. Law enforcement spoke to Wilson for about two hours as they attempted to persuade him to surrender. At 3:30 p.m., one hostage escaped after telling Wilson she wished to go to the restroom; she instead ran down the stairway of the house. Around 4:00 p.m., police decided to storm the house after Wilson threatened to kill the hostages and was seen holding the gun to his victims. When constables entered the room where Wilson was, the gunman and police exchanged gunfire. Constable John O'Gorman managed to knock Wilson down and take him into custody at around 4:15 p.m. Legal proceedings On 23 September, Wilson, aged 36, appeared in court, charged with two counts of murder, four counts of attempted murder, unlawfully causing fear by being armed in public, and having a rifle with intent to commit a crime. He did not enter a plea, stating that he had not spoken to a lawyer. A judge recommended that Wilson be medically examined and presented back in court on 1 October. On that date, prosecutors advised that Wilson was receiving treatment at Wolston Park Hospital. Wilson stayed in the psychiatric hospital for three years before he was found mentally fit to enter a plea. Aged 40, he pleaded guilty and was sentenced to life imprisonment on 23 June 1980. References 1976 mass shootings 20th-century mass shootings in Australia 1976 murders in Australia", "title": "1976 Spring Hill shooting" }, { "docid": "71689540", "text": "The thirteenth cycle of Holland's Next Top Model premiered on 5 September 2022 on Videoland. Loiza Lamers replaced Anna Nooshin and reprised as the show's host. The panel of judges has been refreshed and is composed of Guillame Philibert Chin, Phillippe Vogelenzang, and Yolanda Hadid. The winner of the competition is 22-year-old from Enschede. She has won a contract with The Movement Models agency and an exclusive magazine shoot in Vogue Nederland, for a fresh start to their career as a top model. Contestants (Ages stated are at start of contest) Episodes Episode 1: Beauty is Personality Original airdate: This was the first casting episode where the 13 models meet each other for the first time and the new panel judges. They start with a compcard shoot and a runway/personality teach. Best photo: Jamilcia Mandinga Eliminated: Davey Janssen & Hamdi Abdullah & Shané van de Brom Featured photographer: Jorien Koers Guests: Marcus Hansma, Phoebe de Winter, Jessica Gyasi Episode 2: Beauty is Natural Original airdate: The 10 remaining models had a casting at The Movement Models and Vogue Magazine. Jerrold and Lando did the best and their prize was choosing the duo's for a shoot with Phillipe Vogelenzang where all the judges were watching. Challenge winner: Jerrold Gunther & Lando van der Schee Best photo: Esmee Suierveld & Philip Cossee Bottom two: Jerrold Gunther & Lisa Fraenk Eliminated: Jerrold Gunther Featured photographer: Philippe Vogelenzang Guests: Yeliz Çiçek, Robbie Baauw, Wietske Norbart, Koen Hendriks Episode 3: Beauty is Focus Original airdate: Four new models join the group but they aren't welcomed, especially Lisa isn't happy with this twist. Loiza isn't happy with the stories about the arrival of the 4 new models and explains the focus is on itself and not on the other models. Entered the competition: Giel van Asten, Jazz Ben Khalifa, Stijn Wanders & Valerie de Ruijter Best photo: Jazz Ben Khalifa Bottom two: Jamilcia Mandinga & Rosa van Gessel Eliminated: Jamilcia Mandinga Featured photographer: Passian Smit Episode 4: Beauty is Vulnerable Original airdate: The models talk to a psychologist and turns out to be more sensitive than expected. They gonna need if because they also learn how important social media is, both for private and business use. They get their first high fashion shoot. Best photo: Esmee Suierveld & Raphael Bouman Bottom three: Folmer Boersen, Rosa van Gessel & Stijn Wanders Eliminated: Folmer Boersen & Stijn Wanders Featured photographer: Dion Bal Episode 5: Beauty is Versatility Original airdate: The models receive a workshop from top model Marjan Jonkman and she appears to have a strong opinion. The models are instructed to throw shame aside. At the end their gonna need it for a special photo shoot as a black sheep. Best photo: Lando van der Schee Bottom two: Lisa Fraenk & Valerie de Ruijter Eliminated: None Featured photographer: Lois Cohen Episode 6: Beauty is Selling Original airdate: The models have go-sees and notice that not everyone goes well with the different brands. The shoot takes place with", "title": "Holland's Next Top Model season 13" }, { "docid": "6123488", "text": "The Aura () is a 2005 neo-noir psychological thriller film written and directed by Fabián Bielinsky and starring Ricardo Darín, Dolores Fonzi, Pablo Cedrón and Nahuel Pérez Biscayart. It was Bielinsky's second and final feature film before his death in 2006. The plot revolves around an epileptic taxidermist who often fantasizes about committing the perfect heist, and who suddenly has the chance of making one happen after he accidentally kills a man who was in fact a career criminal. The Aura received mostly positive reviews from critics upon its release, particularly for its screenplay and ambience. It won the Silver Condor for Best Film and was the Argentine entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 78th Academy Awards. Plot summary After his wife leaves him, taxidermist Esteban Espinosa accepts an invitation to go hunting with his friend Sontag in a remote Patagonian forest. They stay at a cabin owned by Dietrich and run by his much younger wife Diana and her brother Julio. She lends Espinosa a rifle. While hunting, Sontag attempts to shoot a deer, but is startled and escapes when Espinosa steps on a branch. Sontag realises Espinosa did it on purpose and returns to the cabin. Alone in the woods, Espinosa has an epileptic seizure. He awakens and attempts to shoot the deer himself, but accidentally kills Dietrich instead. Espinosa takes Dietrich's cellphone and returns to the cabin. Dietrich's dog smells him and recognises its owner's scent. At night, two men—Sosa and Montero—appear looking for Dietrich but leave after not finding him. Through Dietrich's cellphone, Espinosa learns from a man named Vega of a heist to a factory. He heads to the factory and witnesses the failed heist. He follows Vega, who has been mortally wounded, and takes the key hanging around his neck before he dies. Espinosa opens Dietrich's hideout in the woods, where he finds plans of a heist that consists of stealing an armoured truck carrying the earnings of a nearby casino. Sosa and Montero return and discover Espinosa has Dietrich's cellphone, so he pretends to be an accomplice of Dietrich's who learned about the heist plans before Dietrich escaped. At Dietrich's hideout, Espinosa finds documents that detail the truck's route and the larger sum of money that it will carry after a long weekend. Espinosa employs his eidetic memory to invent a plan for the heist. They decide to strike at the Eden, a bar–brothel where the guards always make a stop. Espinosa drives Diana to town and asks her about her relationship with Dietrich. She tells him Dietrich she tried leaving him before but he found her. Espinosa meets the criminals finish planning the heist. Before leaving for the robbery, Espinosa assures Diana that Dietrich will never return. Urien, an accomplice inside the casino, tells Espinosa that Vega was supposed to take the place of an extra guard inside the back of the truck—which can only be opened from the inside—due to the larger sum of money. Espinosa tries to", "title": "The Aura (film)" }, { "docid": "567979", "text": "A face-off is the method used to begin and restart play after goals in some sports using sticks, primarily ice hockey, bandy, floorball, broomball, rinkball, and lacrosse. During a face-off, two teams line up in opposition to each other, and the opposing players attempt to gain control of the puck or ball after it is dropped or otherwise placed between their sticks by an official. Ice hockey Hockey face-offs (also called 'bully', and originally called 'puck-offs') are generally handled by centres, but are sometimes handled by wingers, and, rarely, by defensemen. One of the referees drops the puck at centre ice to start each period and following the scoring of a goal. The linesmen are responsible for all other face-offs. One player from each team stands at the face-off spot (see below) to await the drop of the puck. All teammates must be lateral to or behind the player taking the face-off. Generally, the goal of the player taking the face-off is to draw the puck backward, toward teammates; however, they will, occasionally attempt to shoot the puck forward, past the other team, usually to kill time when shorthanded although shooting directly at the net is also possible—scoring a goal directly from a face-off, while rare, is not unheard of. However, where the face-off occurs at one of the five face-off spots that have circles marked around them, only the two opposing players responsible for taking the face-off may be in the circle. A common formation, especially at centre ice, is for a skater to take the face-off, with the wings lateral to the centre on either side, and the skater, usually a defenseman, behind the player handling the face-off, one toward each side. This is not mandatory, however, and other formations are seen—especially where the face-off is in one of the four corner face-off spots. Face-offs are typically conducted at designated places marked on the ice called face-off spots or dots. There are nine such spots: two in each attacking zone, two on each end of the neutral zone, and one in the centre of the rink. Face-offs did not always take place at the marked face-off spots. If a puck left the playing surface, for example, the face-off would take place wherever the puck was last played. On June 20, 2007, the NHL Board of Governors approved a change to NHL Rule 76.2, which governs face-off locations. The rule now requires that all face-offs take place at one of the nine face-off spots on the ice, regardless of what caused the stoppage of play. Rule 76.2 also dictates that, with some exceptions, a face-off following a penalty must occur at one of the two face-off dots of the offending team's end. An official may remove the player taking the face-off if the player or any players from the same team attempt to gain an unfair advantage during the face-off (called a face-off violation). When a player is removed, one of the teammates not originally taking the face-off is", "title": "Face-off" }, { "docid": "48974190", "text": "Bullseye shooting is a category of shooting sport disciplines where the objective is to score points with carefully placed precision fire by hitting a target as close to its center as possible. The name refers to the target center's nickname, the \"bull's eye\". In Scandinavia, this type of shooting competition is referred to as Range-Shooting (, , ), as it usually takes place at dedicated shooting range. A large emphasis is put on accuracy and precision through steady breath, sight picture and trigger control, and fixed and relatively long time limits give competitors time to concentrate for a perfect shot. An example of bullseye shooting competitions is the ISSF pistol and rifle events, but there are also many other national and international disciplines which can be classified as bullseye shooting, e.g., NRA Precision Pistol competitions in the United States. Matches are normally held at permanent shooting ranges where the competitors are lined up beside each other and shoot during the same predetermined time period at their own stationary targets which are placed at the same fixed distances from match to match. Distances in bullseye shooting disciplines are typically given in round numbers such as 10, 15, 25, 50, 100, 200, or 300 meters, depending on firearm type and discipline. During competition, the line consisting of shooters is called the firing line, while the line consisting of targets is called the target line. Due to its simple format, bullseye shooting is often recommended for beginners in shooting sports in order to learn the general fundamentals of marksmanship. Bullseye shooting is a part of the olympics, and considerable training is needed to achieve a high level of proficiency. Examples of bullseye disciplines Rifle disciplines Bullseye shooting with rifles can refer to several disciplines: ISSF 10 meter air rifle is an air rifle discipline shot with 4.5 mm (0.177 in) caliber air rifles. Small-bore shooting competitions are a set of several disciplines usually shot at distances of 10, 15 or 50 meters, usually only for small-bore rifles in .22 LR caliber. ISSF 50 meter rifle prone ISSF 50 meter rifle three positions National Norwegian Small-Bore competitions (miniatyrgevær or innendørsskyting) are shot at 15 meters by both the Norwegian Shooting Association and the National Rifle Association of Norway, but at different target sizes. Fullbore rifle shooting usually refers to disciplines where one uses intermediate (such as .223 Remington or 6mm BR) or battle rifle cartridges (such as the .308 Winchester or the .30-06 Springfield) which comparably are larger and more powerful cartridges than the small-bore .22 LR cartridge. ISSF 300 meter standard rifle ISSF 300 meter rifle prone ISSF 300 meter rifle three positions ICFRA Palma and F-Class, and various national fullbore target rifle disciplines in Commonwealth nations. High power rifle, a fullbore rifle discipline arranged in the United States by the National Rifle Association of America. Nordic Bullseye Rifle-Shooting (Danish: baneskydning, Norwegian: baneskyting, Swedish: banskytte) is fired at 100, 200, or 300 meters depending on class, and either with the small-bore .22 LR", "title": "Bullseye shooting" }, { "docid": "3836673", "text": "Switzerland competed at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris, France. Medalists Gold medals were not awarded at the 1900 Games. A silver medal was given for a first place, and a bronze medal was given for second. The International Olympic Committee has retroactively assigned gold, silver, and bronze medals to competitors who earned 1st, 2nd, and 3rd-place finishes, respectively, in order to bring early Olympics in line with current awards. Gold Emil Kellenberger — shooting, three positions military rifle Karl Röderer — shooting, individual military pistol Konrad Stäheli — shooting, kneeling military rifle Friedrich Lüthi, Paul Probst, Louis Richardet, Karl Röderer, Konrad Stäheli — shooting, team military pistol Franz Böckli, Alfred Grütter, Emil Kellenberger, Louis Richardet, Konrad Stäheli — shooting, team military rifle Bernard de Pourtalès, Hélène de Pourtalès, Hermann de Pourtalès — sailing, 1-2 ton race 1 Silver Emil Kellenberger — shooting, kneeling military rifle Bernard de Pourtalès, Hélène de Pourtalès, Hermann de Pourtalès — sailing, 1-2 ton race 2 Bronze Konrad Stäheli — shooting, individual military pistol Results by event Fencing Switzerland first competed in fencing at the Olympics, in the sport's second appearance. The nation sent three fencers. Gymnastics Switzerland competed again at the second gymnastics competition. This time, the nation won no medals in a heavily France-dominated single event. Sailing Switzerland had one boat compete in 1900, racing three times. The Lérina took gold in the first 1–2 ton race and added a silver medal in the second 1–2 ton race, but she did not finish in the open class. Sailing was the first of the sports open to women to be contested, making Hélène de Pourtalès the first female Olympian, Olympic medalist, and Olympic champion. Shooting After winning no medals in the first Olympic shooting competitions, Switzerland dominated the second edition of the events, winning five of the nine events, as well as taking two other medals. The Swiss shooters took gold medals in both of the team events, as well as the individual gold medals in military pistol, kneeling military rifle, and overall military rifle. References Nations at the 1900 Summer Olympics 1900 Olympics", "title": "Switzerland at the 1900 Summer Olympics" }, { "docid": "21918885", "text": "Shooting competitions at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London took place from 28 July to 6 August at the Royal Artillery Barracks in Woolwich. Fifteen events were included with 390 athletes taking part. The events were the same as in 2008. The competitions were originally planned for the National Shooting Centre in Bisley, Surrey, and the temporary solution at the Royal Artillery Barracks (which is in the River Zone) was adopted later after the International Olympic Committee expressed concerns about the distance between London and Bisley. Since the pistols used in the 25m and 50m shooting events were deemed by HM Government as prohibited in England, Scotland and Wales after the Dunblane Massacre, special dispensation had to be granted by the UK Government and security criteria met by LOCOG to allow certain events to go ahead. Qualification The qualification system was similar to that used for previous Games, with a fixed number of quota places divided among the nations whose shooters place well at the top-level global and continental championships. However, due to new IOC regulations mandating that all qualification events take place during the last 24 months before the Olympics, no such quota places were awarded during the 2009 ISSF World Cup or the 2010 ISSF World Cup, leading to decreased interest in these competitions to the point where the 2010 competition planned for New Delhi had to be rescheduled and moved to Australia. The International Shooting Sport Federation announced that qualification would commence with the 2010 ISSF World Shooting Championships in Munich, which ended on 10 August, almost exactly two years before the Olympics. Great Britain did not qualify spots through the World Championship, rather its places were guaranteed due to it being the host nation, however it could qualify shooters to the other events. Iran was the only country that did not send shooters to the 2008 Summer Olympics to have qualified a shooter for the 2012 Summer Olympics. Schedule Medal summary Medal table Men's events Women's events References External links 2012 2012 Summer Olympics events Olympics Shooting competitions in the United Kingdom", "title": "Shooting at the 2012 Summer Olympics" }, { "docid": "36567282", "text": "Georgios Achilleos (; born December 24, 1980) is a Cypriot sports shooter and past World titlist and World No. 1 in Skeet. He is a four-time Skeet Shooting medalist in the World Championships, and a four-time Olympian, with his 5th position in Beijing 2008 being to date (as of 2017) Cyprus’ third-best all time placing at the Olympics, after Pavlos Kontides’ silver medal in Laser sailing in London 2012 and Antonis Nikolaidis’ 4th place in Skeet Shooting in Beijing 2008. He was the national flag bearer at the 2004 and 2008 Summer Olympics. Achilleos has the existing distinction of being the inaugural Cypriot athlete to set a World Record in an Olympic Sport. He is the current WR holder after shooting 125/125 at the 2015 Larnaca ISSF World Cup. His inaugural World Record was in 2005 in Dubai where he scored 124+24. Early life and career Achilleos was born in London, United Kingdom in 1980. His parents originate from the town of Paphos on the west coast of Cyprus. He started competing in Skeet Shooting in a young age and recorded his first success in the Junior level. His international debut was at the 1997 European Championships in Sipoo, Finland where he took 9th place. His first major medal (silver) came at the 1998 European Championships, held in Nicosia, Cyprus. Achilleos competed in the 1998 World Championship in Barcelona, Spain taking 10th place. The 1999 season was a breakthrough year for Achilleos. His debut World Cup in the Men's category ended in 16th place in Lima. He placed 31st in Kumamoto and European Championship (35th at Poussan. He won gold in the Junior's event at the 1999 World Championship in Tampere, Finland. His last major Junior distinction came in 2000 (after he already started regularly competing as a Senior), when he equaled the Junior World Record at the 2000 Lonato World Cup with 123+24, and took away a bronze medal. Achilleos automatically qualified for the 2000 Sidney Summer Olympics at the age of 19. Summer Olympics He has represented the island in the 2000 Summer Olympics ranking 23rd, 2004 Summer Olympics ranking 9th, 2008 Summer Olympics ranking 5th and 2012 Summer Olympics where he finished in 11th place. Sydney 2000 Just a few months before turning 20, George Achilleos was named a member of Team Cyprus at the 2000 Summer Olympics, held in Sydney. The young Cypriot started the event with the best possible way, shooting 25/25 and 24/25 at the two starting rounds, but then went on to close Day 1 on September 22 with a low 22/25. Despite his efforts in Day 2 where he recorded two sets of 24/25, Achilleos finished in 23rd place with 119/125. Ten shooters tied at 122/125 for the remaining three spots in the final, amongst them fellow Cypriot Antonakis Andreou, who went on to take 8th place. Athens 2004 Four years later, a now experienced Achilleos went to the Greek capital as one of the best young shooters in Skeet. He was", "title": "Georgios Achilleos" }, { "docid": "66858005", "text": "Luckiest Girl Alive is a 2022 mystery thriller film directed by Mike Barker from a screenplay by Jessica Knoll, based on her 2015 novel of the same name. The film stars Mila Kunis, Finn Wittrock, Scoot McNairy, Chiara Aurelia, Justine Lupe, Thomas Barbusca, Jennifer Beals, and Connie Britton. Luckiest Girl Alive was released in select cinemas on September 30, 2022, before its streaming release on October 7, 2022, by Netflix. Plot In 2015, 35-year-old Tifani \"Ani\" Fanelli, a respected New York women's magazine editor, appears to have a picture-perfect life. As she prepares to marry her fiancé, Luke Harrison, Ani meets with Aaron Wickersham, a documentary director who wants to make a short film about the school shooting she survived as a teenager. He informs her that a former classmate, Dean Barton, who went on to become a successful writer and advocate for gun control, has agreed to take part. Ani declines to be involved. Luke informs Ani that his firm has offered him an opportunity to move to London and suggests Ani can take an MFA program there to allow her to write for herself. She agrees, despite having hopes of someday working at The New York Times. They later have dinner with a couple Luke knows; the husband turns out to be Ani's former teacher, Andrew Larson. In flashbacks to 1999, Ani is seen joining the prestigious Brentley School, where she quickly befriends a clique of popular students, including Dean and his friends Liam and Peyton. Over the course of the film, it is revealed that Ani was gang-raped at a party by all three boys while intoxicated. She shared what happened with Mr. Larson, who encouraged her to tell her eccentric mother, Dina, but Ani refused. However, she told her friend Arthur, who had been continuously bullied by the three boys. Ani's past slowly starts to haunt her, which begins to affect her relationship with Luke. Aaron tells Ani that Dean wants to meet with her to apologize on camera; she agrees, under the condition that Aaron keeps them separate until she is ready. Meanwhile, Ani struggles with her strained relationship with her mother Dina, who claims she always found Ani difficult and alludes that she is only marrying Luke for his money. At the documentary filming, Dean shows up unexpectedly early and Ani flees in a panic. Flashbacks see young Ani struggling to deal with the trauma of what happened to her, and not long after, the school shooting took place, perpetrated by Arthur and his friend Ben. Peyton and Liam were killed, and Dean was wounded severely and left unable to walk. Prior to the funerals, Dean started a rumor that Ani slept with him and helped Arthur and Ben plan the shooting because he did not want to be her boyfriend. Ani is consequently shunned by everyone, including Dina, who blamed her for causing her own rape by drinking and partying excessively. Back in 2015, at the publishing of his new book, Ani meets", "title": "Luckiest Girl Alive (film)" }, { "docid": "46903102", "text": "The Sandeśarāsaka, also known by its Apabhraṃśa name Saṃneharāsaya, (, Apabhraṃśa: संनेहरासय) is an epic poem written around 1000–1100 by Addahamāṇa (thought be the Apabhraṃśa form of the name Abdur Rahman) in Apabhramsha. Its language is considered to be a version of Apabhramsha, the language that gave rise to modern Northwestern Indo-Aryan languages like Punjabi and Sindhi. The manuscripts of the book were discovered in Jain libraries by Muni Jinavijaya. According to Muni Jinavijaya, the work was written before the conquest by Ghori in 1192, when Multan was still a major Hindu pilgrimage center. The manuscripts include Sanskrit explanations by a Jain scholar in Sam. 1465. Theme This epic poem is inspired by Meghaduta of Kalidasa. The author invoked God using an expression that combines Hindu and Muslim perspectives: माणुस्सदुव्वविज्जाहरेहिं णहमग्गि सूर ससि बिंबे। आएहिं जो णमिज्जइ तं णयरे णमह कत्तारं। māṇussaduvvavijjāharehiṃ ṇahamaggi sūra sasi biṃbe. āehiṃ jo ṇamijjai taṃ ṇayare ṇamaha kattāraṃ. O citizens, salute the creator who is saluted by men, gods, vidyadharas, the sun and the moon. Cultural influence It is the only work by a Muslim in Apabhramsha, and it is a precursor of Baba Farid and books like Padmavat of Jayasi. It is the first book that refers to a vernacular work based on Ramayana. Two of the verses were quoted by Acharya Hemachandra (1088-1173). See also Padmavat References Indian poems 11th-century poems", "title": "Sandeśarāsaka" }, { "docid": "4198361", "text": "Chaos is a 2005 action thriller film starring Jason Statham, Ryan Phillippe and Wesley Snipes, and written and directed by Tony Giglio. The film premiered in the United Arab Emirates on December 15, 2005, but did not receive a North American release until over two years later, where it was distributed direct-to-DVD on February 19, 2008. Plot Seattle PD Detective Quentin Conners and his partner Jason York are implicated in the death of a hostage taken by a carjacker named John Curtis. After a fellow police officer, Callo, testifies against them, Conners is suspended, and York is fired. In reality, York tried to shoot Curtis, but accidentally killed the hostage. Curtis in turn fired back, and Conners killed him in self-defense. Some time later, Lorenz and four other criminals take hostages in a bank. Lorenz has only one demand, to negotiate with Conners. Conners is reinstated but put under the surveillance of a new partner, the recently-graduated Shane Dekker. Conners is given control of the negotiations, and after a bank teller is shot, he orders a SWAT unit to cut the building's power and go in. During an explosion, the criminals flee during the ensuing panic and chaos. Dekker and Conners learn more about each other at a local diner, slowly building a friendship, but Dekker disapproves of Conners' \"cowboy cop\" methods. Dekker explains that during negotiations, Lorenz was making many cryptic references to chaos theory. As they leave to examine new evidence, Conners puts a ten dollar bill on the table for his share of the bill. Dekker swaps the ten for a twenty of his own. A TV camera caught a shot of one of the criminals, who is arrested together with his girlfriend at her home, where banknotes are found with a scent used to mark evidence collected by the police. The banknote serial numbers did not come from that day's robbery, but had been placed in police storage and signed out two weeks earlier by Callo. He is found shot dead in his home, together with incriminating evidence linking him to the heist. When reviewing video footage from the bank, Dekker notices one corner of the bank is deliberately shielded from view. In that corner, they find the bank regional manager's computer. Fingerprints on the keyboard reveal the identity of a hacker that Conners himself had arrested, but whose conviction was overturned after the shooting on the bridge. He had placed a virus in the bank system that would transfer about a billion $$ in thousands of small transactions around the world. Conners and Dekker want to question the hacker, but he is shot dead by Lorenz, and a gunfight ensues, during which Lorenz manages to escape. Dekker questions the hospitalized bank robber identified in the news footage and finally breaks him when he casually explains the impact of a massive overdose of morphine while slowly injecting something into the suspect's drip. An amazed Conners watches and later calls him a hypocrite. Dekker responds by explaining", "title": "Chaos (2005 action film)" }, { "docid": "45445773", "text": "The men's trap was a shooting sports event held as part of the Shooting at the 1956 Summer Olympics programme. It was the seventh appearance of the event. The competition was held from 29 November to 1 December 1956 at the shooting ranges in Melbourne. 32 shooters from 18 nations competed. Nations were limited to two shooters each. The event was won by Galliano Rossini of Italy, with his countryman Alessandro Ciceri taking bronze. Between the two Italians was Adam Smelczyński of Poland, earning bronze. They were the first medals in the men's trap for both nations. Ciceri had to win a three-way shoot-off for the bronze medal against the Soviet pair, Nikolay Mogilevsky and Yury Nikandrov; his win in that shoot-off made the men's trap the only shooting event in 1956 with no Soviets on the podium. Background This was the seventh appearance of the men's ISSF Olympic trap event. The event was held at every Summer Olympics from 1896 to 1924 (except 1904, when no shooting events were held) and from 1952 to 2016. As with most shooting events, it was nominally open to women from 1968 to 1980; the trap remained open to women through 1992. Very few women participated these years. The event returned to being men-only for 1996, though the new double trap had separate events for men and women that year. In 2000, a separate women's event was added and it has been contested at every Games since. There was also a men's team trap event held four times from 1908 to 1924. Five of the top 10 shooters from the 1952 Games returned: silver medalist Knut Holmqvist and bronze medalist Hans Liljedahl of Sweden, fourth-place finisher František Čapek of Czechoslovakia, sixth-place finisher Ioannis Koutsis of Greece, and seventh-place finisher Galliano Rossini of Italy. Rossini had taken silver at the 1954 World Championships, behind his fellow Italian Cesare Merlo; Merlo did not compete in Melbourne (with Alessandro Ciceri joining Rossini on the Italian squad). World bronze medalist Hans Aasnaes of Norway did compete. Australia, Colombia, Japan, Malaya, the Philippines, and Venezuela each made their debut in the event. Great Britain made its seventh appearance, the only nation to have competed at each edition of the event to that point. Competition format The competition used the 200-target format introduced with the return of trap to the Olympics in 1952. The courses were changed somewhat however; in 1956, there were three courses of 75, 75, and 50. Each series consisted of 25 targets (that is, 3 series on the first day, 3 series on the second day, and 2 series on the third day.) A 25-target shoot-off would be used as necessary to break ties for medals. Records Prior to this competition, the existing world and Olympic records were as follows. Galliano Rossini broke the Olympic record with a 195-hit total. Schedule Results Rossini took an early lead, hitting 74 of the 75 targets on the first day. Mogilevsky was close behind at 73, with Ciceri", "title": "Shooting at the 1956 Summer Olympics – Men's trap" }, { "docid": "13123591", "text": "Illegally Yours is a 1988 American comedy film set in St. Augustine, Florida where a series of comic mishaps take place involving a blackmailer, a corpse, an incriminating audiotape, an innocent woman who accidentally picks up the tape, and a pair of teenage blackmail victims. The film was directed by Peter Bogdanovich with Rob Lowe starring as Richard Dice, the college dropout who came back home to get his act together. The film's theme song was performed by Johnny Cash. The film was a critical and commercial failure. Bogdanovich himself considered it one of his worst films as a director. Cast Production Bogdanovich was going to direct Sophia Loren and Marcello Mastrioanni in Saturday, Sunday, Monday but the film was delayed so he did this instead. \"I only did it because I needed some money\", said Bogdanovich, who had declared bankruptcy in 1985. The film was a change of pace for Rob Lowe, who was much in demand at the time due to the success of About Last Night. Lowe admired Bogdanovich's films and hoped the movie would do for him what What's Up Doc? did for Ryan O'Neal. Bogdanovich says he encouraged Lowe to wear glasses like the actor did in real life. Bogdanovich showed Lowe The Awful Truth and Bringing Up Baby to show what he wanted. Lowe felt the movie needed a name co-star but Bogdanovich insisted he use his old friend and collaborator Colleen Camp. Lowe says Bogdanovich insisted on rewriting the script, which made the actor uneasy since he liked the original script. Part of the rewrites involved adding a character to be played by L. B. Straten. L.B. Straten was Louise Stratten, sister of Dorothy Stratten who had dated Bogdanovich. Louise Stratten and Bogdanovich would later be married. Lowe said he went along with the changes because he \"loved Peter\" although he ultimately felt \"every artist can chase his own vision into a blind alley. And on Illegally Yours he did just that.\" Shooting Filming started in January 1987 and went until April. \"There were constant weather problems\", Bogdanovich says. \"We were shooting in northern Florida under two different weather fronts. There was also pressure to complete the movie in time for summer release--something that became more and more difficult to do.\" Pat MacEnulty, who worked on the film, recalled \"the crew practically mutinied.\" Reception The film was originally meant to come out on July 31, 1987. However, during a test screening, reportedly half the audience walked out and the release date was pushed back to May 1988. Associate producer Peggy Robertson said, \"We went in knowing the film wasn't ready. Peter knew what was missing and had accommodated for it, but the audience didn't.... Peter tried [to make the July release date] but it boiled down to, 'Do you want it quick or do you want it good?' We just finished filming in April, so I don't think anyone was surprised when it didn't work out.\" A DEG spokesman said, \"It told us", "title": "Illegally Yours" }, { "docid": "3671273", "text": "Padmāvatī may refer to: Deities Lakshmi, the Hindu goddess of fortune Padmavathi, or Alamelu Manga, a Hindu goddess and consort of Venkateswara, a form of Vishnu Manasa, a Hindu serpent goddess Padmavati (Jainism), a Jain attendant goddess (Yakshini) Padmavati, consort of Ugrasena and mother of Kamsa Padmavati, a regional wife of Karna Arts and media Padmavat, a 1540 epic ballad written in the Awadhi dialect of Hindi Padmavati (poem), a 1648 epic ballad written in the Bengali language Padmaavat, formerly titled Padmavati, a 2018 Indian film Padmaavat (soundtrack) Padmâvatî (opera), by French composer Albert Roussel Padmāvatī, in Bhasa's Svapnavasavadattam People Padmavati (wife of Ashoka), (North Indian tradition), Ashoka's third wife and Kunala's mother Rani Padmini, also known as Padmavati, a legendary queen of Chittor and wife of the ruler Ratan Singh, celebrated in the Padmavat S. I. Padmavati (born 1917), Indian cardiologist and recipient of the Padma Vibhushan Other uses Padmavati Pawaya, an ancient city mentioned in Sanskrit classics and inscriptions Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam, a university in Tirupati named after the Hindu goddess See also Nagas of Padmavati, a dynasty which ruled in ancient Padmavati Indian feminine given names Feminine given names", "title": "Padmavati" }, { "docid": "69637883", "text": "The 2021 Nigerian state legislative elections were called to fill vacant seats in state Houses of Assembly. Background The 991 members of the 36 state Houses of Assembly are elected from single-seat constituencies using first-past-the-post voting; when vacancies occur, by-elections (or bye-elections) are called, scheduled, and administered by the Independent National Electoral Commission. Elections Delta State Isoko North State Constituency by-election On April 6, 2021, the member for Isoko North, Tim Owhefere (PDP) died from an undisclosed illness. In March, INEC set the date for the by-election for April 10 with party primaries taking place between March 11 and March 20. Jude Ogbimi, the PDP nominee, defeated runner-up Emmanuel Tabuko (APC) by over 83% and nearly 27,000 votes. The election had 25.51% turnout and was conducted peacefully according to participating candidates. Isoko South I State Constituency by-election On June 27, 2021, the member for Isoko South I, Kenneth Ogba (PDP) died from an unspecified heart-related disease. In August, INEC set the date for the by-election for September 11 with party primaries taking place between August 4 and August 31. Ovuakpoye Evivie, the PDP nominee, defeated runners-up Ogaga Ifowodo (APC) and Michael Emumena Paul (SDP) by nearly 60% and over 5,500 votes. The election had 16.94% turnout and was successfully used as a test run for INEC's new Bimodal Voter Accreditation System (BVAS) device with candidates and observers praising INEC's conduct. However, the election's successful conduct was overshadowed by the murder of a local vigilante by gunmen at Polling Unit 5 of Irri Ward 10 and the nonfatal shooting of another person in Oleh. After the election, INEC disclosed that five BVAS devices had been stolen during the election and implored Evivie to help find and return them. Ekiti State Ekiti East I State Constituency by-election (postponed) On January 31, 2021, member for Ekiti East I Juwa Adegbuyi (APC) died from an undisclosed illness. In February, INEC set the date for the by-election for March 20 with party primaries taking place between February 26 and March 3. However, on the by-election date, multiple reports of violence and ballot snatching including the murder of 3 people at a polling station in Omuo where Senator Abiodun Olujimi was observing voting led INEC to suspend the by-election indefinitely. Jigawa State Kafin Hausa State Constituency by-election On January 18, 2021, member for Kafin Hausa, Adamu Babban Bare (APC), died from an undisclosed illness suspected to be cancer. Later in January, INEC set the date for the by-election for March 6 with party primaries taking place between February 2 and February 8. APC nominee and son of Adamu Babban Bare, Muhammad Adamu, defeated the PDP's Garba Tambale by 26% and over 6,300 votes. The election had 39.86% turnout and was conducted smoothly according to lawmakers and INEC officials. Kaduna State Sabon Gari State Constituency by-election On April 29, 2021, the seat of Sabon Gari was declared vacant after member Aminu Abdullahi Shagali (APC) did not attend legislative meetings for a prolonged period of time and did", "title": "2021 Nigerian state legislative elections" }, { "docid": "30232711", "text": "\"Duncan and Brady\", also known as \"Been on the Job Too Long\", \"Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star\", or simply \"Brady\", is a traditional murder ballad about the shooting of a policeman, Brady, by a bartender, Duncan. The song's lyrics stemmed from actual events, involving the shooting of James Brady in the Charles Starkes Saloon in St. Louis, Missouri. Harry Duncan was convicted of the murder, and later executed. Originally recorded by Wilmer Watts & his Lonely Eagles in 1929, it has been recorded numerous times, most famously by Lead Belly, also by Judy Henske, Dave Van Ronk, The Johnson Mountain Boys, New Riders of the Purple Sage, David Nelson Band, Martin Simpson, and Bob Dylan. Origins Lyrics to the song, including the main characters Duncan and Brady, originated from a barroom shooting in St. Louis, Missouri. On October 6, 1890, several police officers, including James Brady, arrived at the Charles Starkes Saloon in downtown St. Louis, where a bar fight was taking place. The officers tried to arrest patrons of the bar suspected of starting the fight, which prompted a gunfight. Brady was shot by an unknown man, supposedly by the bar's owner, Charles Starkes. Harry Duncan claimed such when he was arrested for Brady's murder; Starkes denied the claim. Duncan was convicted and was sentenced to hang, but through several appeals, the case made its way to the Supreme Court. However, this appeal was denied, and Duncan was hanged on July 27, 1894. It was rumored that Charles Starkes later confessed to the murder on his deathbed. However, a Mrs. Tom Barrett (or Barret), a resident of Marlin, Texas, wrote to folklorist Dorothy Scarborough about the song's lyrics and origins. She identified Waco as the scene of the shooting, although she did not specify whether or not it occurred in a bar. The song may bear a close relation to the tune of the traditional Negro ballad \"Bad Man Ballad\". Lyrics \"Duncan and Brady\" is a typical \"bad man\" murder ballad, such as \"Frankie and Johnny\" or \"Stagger Lee\". The song begins with Brady, a policeman, riding around in an electric car, with a \"mean look in his eye\", looking to \"shoot somebody just to see him die\". He walks into a bar, which Duncan is tending, and arrests him. Duncan then shoots Brady, and Brady then dies. However, in the next verse, Brady is told that he \"knew he done wrong\", because he was, Walkin' in the room when the game was goin' on Knockin down windows, breakin' down the door Women hear of the death of Brady and all dress in red. In a second variation recorded by Lead Belly, there is also mention of Brady's wife, who expects to get a pension from his death. It's interesting to note that even though the detailed news article and lyrics from Leadbelly and others identify Brady as the policeman and Duncan as the civilian, Wilmer Watts who first recorded the song places the star on Duncan's chest: Brady was", "title": "Duncan and Brady" }, { "docid": "9296213", "text": "Skills competitions refer to special exhibition contests that take place during all-star games or other special events in professional sports. Generally, they are held the day before the all-star games. These events seem to serve at least two purposes: the first is to establish bragging rights between athletes for possessing a particular skill needed to succeed in a sport, and the second is to increase ticket and television revenue for the leagues that sponsor the event. Skills contests are often the only events for which tickets are available during an all-star period, because tickets for the games themselves are sold out. All-star events Baseball The Home Run Derby was first held in 1985 in Minneapolis, Minnesota and was won by Cal Ripken Jr. Today, the Derby usually sells out the all-star stadium and millions watch the event live on ESPN. Major League Baseball has no other skills event on the All-Star calendar. The other features of the period before the game, which covers Sunday and Monday, include an all-star game of Minor League Baseball players and a celebrity softball game. Basketball The Slam Dunk Contest, Three-point Shootout, and Skills Challenge all take place on the day before the game, which falls on a Saturday. \"NBA All-Star Saturday\" dates back to 1985, and the original lineup was the slam-dunk event and an old-timers game. Today, the old-timers game has been replaced by the Rookie Challenge, and that game has been held on the Friday before the game every year since 2004. TNT televises all events live in the United States; it also has the live game broadcast on Sunday night. Hockey The NHL SuperSkills Competition takes place the night before the National Hockey League All-Star Game. Component events include a puck-control relay, a short-track speed skating lap, shooting speed, shooting for accuracy, shootouts, and a stylistic breakaway contest. The events are shown on NBC Sports in the U.S. and the CBC in Canada, as is the game itself. Football Until 2007, the Pro Bowl Skills Challenge was held every year in Honolulu, Hawaii, at the hotel the players used. Among the events were a 40-yard dash, throwing for accuracy, kicking for distance, catching, and bench press. There was no live telecast, or, apparently, much publicity; the NFL Pro Bowl official event page did not list this event at all. In 2007, the tape delay broadcast moved from ESPN to NFL Network. The only reason explicitly cited for the discontinuation was that the field where the event was held no longer exists, as the hotel has taken the field back for other purposes. However, the skills competition returned in a condensed format called Pro Bowl Skills Showdown starting in 2017. This hour event features a series of side events leading up to the game itself. It includes some past events like passing and accuracy contests, as well as a creative catching contest. There's also a team dodgeball event among the NFC and AFC players. It is broadcast on ESPN three days before", "title": "Skills competition" }, { "docid": "54699846", "text": "Marjorie Conrad (born October 1, 1988) is a French-American filmmaker and model. She is known for being the eleventh eliminated America's Next Top Model (Cycle 11), and for her narrative feature films Chemical Cut (2016) and Desire Path (2020). Personal life Conrad was born in Marseille to French parents Didier Conrad, a graphic novel artist of Swiss origin, and Sophie Commenge, a graphic novel scenarist of partial Italian ancestry. When she was eight years old, the family left France and relocated to Los Angeles, California after her father began working on the film The Road to El Dorado (2000) with DreamWorks Studio. Conrad and her brother did not learn English until beginning public schooling in California. Conrad attended school in the Los Angeles Unified School District, and began pursuing filmmaking as a middle schooler. She then attended Cleveland High School and San Francisco State University, where she graduated summa cum laude with a degree in film production in 2011. Career America's Next Top Model In 2008, Conrad was scouted at the San Francisco State University campus bookstore the eleventh cycle of America's Next Top Model. After being the fourth (after Sheena Sakai, Lio Tipton and Nikeysha Clarke) girl selected as a cast member, Conrad was never placed below seventh. Her portfolio frequently garnered much praise from the judges. Conrad received two first call-outs which were both shot by photographer Mike Rosenthal (i.e. portraying the political issue of immigration during the voting-themed photoshoot in week one and embodying an award show mishap inspired by Tyra's Fiercee Awards in a dramatic photoshoot in week six). She also won two challenges (i.e. her high-fashion take on the \"Hunchback from Notre-Dame\" impressed Tyra Banks during the Signature Pose Challenge, winning her diamonds at Rafinity Jewelry valued at 12k in week six and the commercial shoot challenge with model Mark Vanderloo judged by Paulina Porizkova where she was rewarded with a 10k shopping spree at G-Star Raw in week ten). Conrad during both her challenge wins chose to split and share the prize evenly with her friend and fellow contestant Tipton) In week seven, challenge winner Elina Ivanova chose Conrad and Tipton to feature in a Seventeen Magazine holiday photoshoot. Conrad survived her first-ever bottom two appearance over Ivanova who was eliminated in her third consecutive bottom two appearance in week nine. The judges eliminated Conrad eleventh in Amsterdam during her second consecutive bottom two appearance which Samantha Potter had survived for the second time. Other Modeling Post-Top Model, Conrad resumed her studies at San Francisco State University and signed with Look Model Agency from 2009–2011. Modeling credits included a cover and spreads in Fantasticsmag, opening a Marciano runway show, walking for the Parc 55 Hotel opening show, closing and a video shoot for the San Francisco Art Institute graduation show, several shoots and shows for diPietro Todd Salon, multiple shoots for Edo Salon, a shoot for Atelier Emmanuel, a trade show with Gina Khan Salon, in-store modeling for Neiman Marcus, and a video shoot", "title": "Marjorie Conrad" }, { "docid": "56194485", "text": "The women's 12.5 km mass start biathlon competition of the Pyeongchang 2018 Olympics was held on 17 February 2018 at the Alpensia Biathlon Centre in Pyeongchang, South Korea. Anastasiya Kuzmina won the gold medal, the defending champion Darya Domracheva took the silver, and Tiril Eckhoff replicated her 2014 bronze medal success. Summary Kuzmina was leading from the start, and was skiing alone after the second shooting, with Domracheva ten seconds behind. In the first standing shooting, Domracheva missed a target, and Kuzmina, despite a missed target in the second standing shooting, was never seriously challenged for first place. Domracheva did not miss a target in the last shooting and went on to finish second. Eckhoff missed one target in the first prone shooting and one in the first standing shooting, and for most of the race was skiing in the middle of the field. However, in the last shooting all of her direct competitors missed, and she left the shooting range in third place and went on to take the bronze medal. Qualification Schedule All times are (UTC+9). Results The race was started at 20:15. References mass start", "title": "Biathlon at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Women's mass start" }, { "docid": "7536629", "text": "Greece competed at the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm, Sweden. 22 competitors, all men, took part in 25 events in five sports. Greek athletes have competed in all Summer Olympic Games. Medalists Aquatics Swimming A single swimmer competed for Greece at the 1912 Games. It was the second time the nation appeared in swimming, and the first since the 1896 Summer Olympics. Asimakopoulos placed third in the initial heats of his only event, the 100 metre freestyle, and did not advance to the quarterfinals. Ranks given for each swimmer are within the heat. Men Athletics 5 athletes represented Greece, including three who had competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics. All three had also represented Greece at the 1906 Intercalated Games. It was the fifth appearance of the nation in athletics, in which Greece had competed at each Olympics. Tsiklitiras, who had taken silver medals in both the standing jumps in 1908, again medalled in both with a gold and a bronze this time. Those two medals were the only ones Greece won in 1912 in any sport. Dorizas, the defending silver medalist in the freestyle javelin, suffered from the elimination of that event and did not medal in either of his throwing events. Banikas was the third returner. Ranks given are within that athlete's heat for running events. Fencing Seven fencers represented Greece. It was the second appearance of the nation in fencing and the first since 1896. The Greek fencers did not advance to the finals in any event, falling only one place short of qualifying three times. Shooting Nine shooters competed for Greece. It was the nation's third appearance in shooting. Greek shooters did not win any medals in 1912. Levidis came closest to winning a medal, shooting into a three-way tie for second place in the 300 metre military rifle. In the shoot-off, he finished last of the three to take an overall rank of fourth place. Wrestling Greco-Roman Greece was represented by a single wrestler in its second Olympic wrestling appearance, its first since the 1896 Games in Athens. Antonopoulos lost his first two matches in the middleweight class and was eliminated at 26th place. References External links Official Olympic Reports International Olympic Committee results database Nations at the 1912 Summer Olympics 1912 Olympics", "title": "Greece at the 1912 Summer Olympics" }, { "docid": "3312110", "text": "The Cherokee Kid is a 1996 American made for television western film directed by Paris Barclay for HBO. The film's stars were Sinbad, James Coburn, Burt Reynolds, Gregory Hines, A Martinez, Ernie Hudson, Dawnn Lewis and Vanessa Bell Calloway. Plot The Cherokee Kid, a notorious gunslinger, faces off in a showdown against The Undertaker in Larabee, Texas. A few unheard words are exchanged and they take their places. They both draw and the Cherokee Kid falls, much to the delight of land-grabber Bloomington. Bloomington is more than willing to give the Undertaker more than the stipulated reward, yet the Undertaker insists on allowing the Cherokee Kid to receive a proper eulogy, which will be done the next day at noon. Several people attend the funeral, including Reverend Peel and his wife, who adopted and raised him, Nat Love and his gang, and several others. It is then that Juan Nepomuceno Cortina begins the eulogy. The Cherokee Kid was born Isaiah Turner, he and his family lived in the Oklahoma territory. Many families in the area were being forced to sell their property for next to nothing so that the railroad could be built. When Isaiah's half-Cherokee father opposed them, he was murdered. Isaiah then followed his older brother Jedediah into the camp where the railroad men were and shot the man responsible for their father's death. When they returned home and told their mother what they did, she instantly scolded them, telling them not to mistake stupidity for courage. Their mother knew that the railroad men would come for Jedediah, and in a moment of final family bonding, she gave to the boys their father's favorite hat adorned with a distinct Cherokee feather. It was Isaiah who claimed the hat as he was placed in a woodbox while a plan to allow Jedediah to escape was put in motion in which their mother pretended to shoot him at a distance. Their mother held off the men as best as she could, until a younger Bloomington came in from the back door and shot her twice, though not before grazing his forehead with a bullet and leaving a scar. His assistant Bonner was tasked with finding Jedediah (which he never does), and fires in the air claiming he did so. Isaiah then ran aimlessly not knowing where to go, until he wandered into the home of Reverend Peel and his wife, who decided to adopt him as they had no children. Fourteen years later, he grew into a tall, strong, yet clumsy and naïve young man who still clung to his desire for revenge. One day Isaiah saw a poster advertising Bloomington's arrival at Pinedale, where he would speak to the people as he was now running for governor. Isaiah decided to go and take revenge for the death of his family. After saying goodbye to his foster parents, and being told which way Pinedale was (Isaiah's lack of a sense of direction a running joke throughout), he sets out. Hiding", "title": "The Cherokee Kid" } ]	[ "India" ]
train_45938	what are the names of the stars in orion	[ { "docid": "1094982", "text": "Orion's Belt or the Belt of Orion, also known as the Three Kings or Three Sisters, is an asterism in the constellation Orion. It consists of three bright stars – Alnitak, Alnilam and Mintaka – which are blue supergiant stars with fainter companions. Looking for Orion's Belt is the easiest way to locate Orion in the night sky. The stars are more or less evenly spaced in a nearly straight line, and so can be visualized as the belt of the eponymous hunter's clothing. They are best viewed in the early night sky during the Northern Winter/Southern Summer, in particular, the month of January at around 9:00 pm. Belt components The names of the three stars that comprise the Orion constellation come from Arabic. () means \"string of pearls\" or is related to the word (\"sapphire\"); spelling variants include and , with all three evidently being mistakes in transliteration or copy errors. Alnitak Alnitak (ζ Orionis) is a triple star system at the eastern end of Orion's belt and is 1,260 light-years from the Earth. Alnitak B is a 4th-magnitude B-type star which orbits Alnitak A every 1,500 years. The primary (Alnitak A) is itself a close binary, comprising Alnitak Aa (a blue supergiant of spectral type O9.7 Ibe and an apparent magnitude of 2.0) and Alnitak Ab (a blue subgiant of spectral type B1IV and an apparent magnitude of about 4). Alnitak Aa is estimated to be up to 28 times as massive as the Sun and have a diameter 20 times greater. It is the brightest star of class O in the night sky. It is estimated to be around 720 lightyears from Earth. Alnilam Alnilam (ε Orionis) is a supergiant, approximately 2,000 light-years away from Earth and magnitude 1.70. It is the 29th-brightest star in the sky and the fourth-brightest in Orion. It is 375,000 times more luminous than the Sun. Its spectrum serves as one of the stable anchor points by which other stars are classified. Mintaka Mintaka (δ Orionis) is 1,200 light-years away and shines with a magnitude of 2.21. Mintaka is 90,000 times more luminous than the Sun. Mintaka is a binary star. The two stars orbit around each other every 5.73 days. References in history and culture Richard Hinckley Allen lists many folk names for the Belt of Orion. English ones include: Jacob's Rod or Jacob's Staff; Peter's Staff; the Golden Yard-arm; The L, or Ell; The Ell and Yard; the Yard-stick, and the Yard-wand; the Ellwand; Our Lady's Wand; the Magi / the Three Kings; the Three Marys; or simply the Three Stars. The passage \"Canst thou bind the sweet influences of Pleiades, or loose the bands of Orion?\" is found in the Bible's Book of Job and Book of Amos. Tennyson's poem The Princess describes Orion's belt as: In China's Classic of Poetry, the asterism, under the name \"Shen\" (参), was paired with Antares, which is known as \"Shang\" (商), to be a metaphor for two people who could never unite.", "title": "Orion's Belt" }, { "docid": "902027", "text": "The Orion Arm, also known as the Orion–Cygnus Arm, is a minor spiral arm within the Milky Way Galaxy spanning in width and extending roughly in length. This galactic structure encompasses the Solar System, including Earth. It is sometimes referred to by alternate names such as the Local Arm or Orion Bridge, and it was previously identified as the Local Spur or the Orion Spur. It should not be confused with the outer terminus of the Norma Arm, known as the Cygnus Arm. Naming and brightness The arm is named after the Orion Constellation, one of the most prominent constellations of the Northern Hemisphere in winter (or the Southern Hemisphere in summer). Some of the brightest stars in the sky as well as other well-known celestial objects of the constellation (e.g. Betelgeuse, Rigel, the three stars of Orion's Belt, and the Orion Nebula) are found within it, as shown on Orion Arm's interactive map. Location The Orion arm is located between the Carina–Sagittarius Arm, the local portion of which projects toward the Galactic Center, and the Perseus Arm's local portion, which forms the main outer-most arm. It is one of the two major arms of the galaxy. Scientists once believed the Orion arm to be a minor structure, namely a \"spur\" between Carina-Sagittarius and Perseus, but evidence presented in 2013 suggests the Orion Arm to be a branch of the Perseus Arm or possibly an independent arm segment. The Solar System is close to its inner rim, about halfway along the arm's length, in a relative cavity in the arm's interstellar medium, known as the Local Bubble. It is approximately from the Galactic Center. Composition Recently, the BeSSeL Survey (Bar and Spiral Structure Legacy Survey) analyzed the parallax and proper motion of more than 30 methanol (6.7-GHz) and water (22-GHz) masers in high-mass, star-forming regions within a few kiloparsecs of the Sun. Their measurement has accuracy above ±10% and even 3%. The accurate locations of interstellar masers in HMSFRs (high-mass star-forming regions) suggests the Local Arm appears to be an orphan segment of an arm between the Sagittarius and Perseus arms that wraps around less than a quarter of the Milky Way. The segment has a length of ~20,000 ly in length and ~3,000 ly in width, with a pitch angle of 10.1° ± 2.7° to 11.6° ± 1.8°. These results suggest the Local Arm is larger than previously thought, and both its pitch angle and star formation rate are comparable to those of the Galaxy’s major spiral arms. The Local Arm is reasonably referred to as the fifth feature in the Milky Way. Form To understand the form of the Local Arm between the Sagittarius and Perseus arms, the stellar density of a specific population of stars with about 1 Gyr of age between 90° ≤ l ≤ 270° have been mapped using the Gaia DR2. The 1 Gyr population have been employed because they are significantly more-evolved objects than the gas in HMSFRs tracing the Local Arm. Investigations", "title": "Orion Arm" }, { "docid": "2196573", "text": "Robert Bauval (born 5 March 1948) is an Egyptian writer and lecturer, perhaps best known for the fringe Orion Correlation Theory regarding the Giza pyramid complex. Early life Bauval was born in Alexandria, Egypt, to parents of Belgian and Maltese origins. He attended the British Boys' School in Alexandria (now El Nasr Boys' School) and the Franciscan College in Buckinghamshire, England. He left Egypt in 1967 just before the Six-Day War, during the presidency of Gamal Abdel Nasser. He has spent most of his engineering career living and working in the Middle East and Africa as a construction engineer. Writing career In late 1992, Bauval had been trying to obtain a translation of Hermetica by Walter Scott. He then came across a new edition printed by Solo Press with a foreword by Adrian Gilbert. Bauval contacted Gilbert after being interested in his foreword concerning a link between an Alexandrine school of Hermes Trismegistus and the pyramid builders of the Fourth dynasty of Egypt. They went on to write The Orion Mystery together, which became an international bestseller. BBC Two broadcast a documentary on Bauval's ideas around the time of the book's publication. He has co-authored three books with Graham Hancock, including 2004's Talisman: Sacred Cities, Secret Faith in which the two put forward what sociologist of religion David V. Barrett in a review in The Independent described as a factually incorrect and unconvincing \"mess of a book\" based upon indiscriminate use of source material culminating in \"promulgating a version of the old Jewish-Masonic plot so beloved by ultra-right-wing conspiracy theorists. Orion Correlation Theory Bauval is specifically known for the Orion Correlation Theory (OCT), which proposes a relationship between the fourth dynasty Egyptian pyramids of the Giza Plateau and the alignment of certain stars in the constellation of Orion. However, 20 years before Bauval's book The Orion Mystery suggested that the Giza Pyramids were aligned to Orion's belt, James J. Hurtak pointed out such a correlation in 1973. One night in 1983, while working in Saudi Arabia, he took his family and a friend's family up into the sand dunes of the Arabian desert for a camping expedition. His friend pointed out the constellation of Orion, and mentioned that Alnitak, the most easterly of the stars making up Orion's belt, was offset slightly from the others. Bauval then made a connection between the layout of the three main stars in Orion's belt and the layout of the three main pyramids in the Giza necropolis. The Orion Correlation Theory has been described as a form of pseudoarchaeology. Among the idea's critics have been two astronomers: Ed Krupp of Griffith Observatory in Los Angeles, and Anthony Fairall, astronomy professor at the University of Cape Town, South Africa. Krupp and Fairall independently investigated the angle between the alignment of Orion's Belt to North during the era cited by Bauval (which differs from the angle in the 3rd millennium BCE, because of the precession of the equinoxes), and found that the angle was somewhat different", "title": "Robert Bauval" }, { "docid": "199181", "text": "Saiph , designation Kappa Orionis (κ Orionis, abbreviated Kappa Ori, κ Ori) and 53 Orionis (53 Ori), is the sixth-brightest star in the constellation of Orion. Of the four bright stars that compose Orion's main quadrangle, it is the star at the south-eastern corner. A northern-hemisphere observer facing south would see it at the lower left of Orion, and a southern-hemisphere observer facing north would see it at the upper right. Parallax measurements yield an estimated distance of from the Sun, which is about the same as Betelgeuse. It is smaller, less luminous but hotter at its surface than Rigel with an apparent visual magnitude of 2.1. The luminosity of this star changes slightly, varying by 0.04 magnitudes. Nomenclature Kappa Orionis is the star's Bayer designation and 53 Orionis its Flamsteed designation. The traditional name Saiph is from the Arabic saif al jabbar, , literally saif of the giant. This name was originally applied to Eta Orionis. In 2016, the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN) to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN's first bulletin of July 2016 included a table of the first two batches of names approved by the WGSN, which included Saiph for this star. It is now so entered in the IAU Catalog of Star Names. In the 17th-century catalogue of stars in the Calendarium of Al Achsasi al Mouakket, this star was designated Rekbah al Jauza al Yemeniat, which was translated into Latin as Genu Dextrum Gigantis \"right knee of the giant\". Properties Saiph is a supergiant with a stellar classification of B0.5 Ia. The luminosity class 'Ia' represents a bright supergiant star that has exhausted the supply of hydrogen at its core and evolved away from the main sequence. Saiph has a strong stellar wind and is losing mass at the rate of times the mass of the Sun per year, or the equivalent of the Sun's mass every 1.1 million years. Using a combination of parallax as determined by Hipparcos and the spectrum yields a mass 15.50 ± 1.25 times and luminosity 56,881 times that of the Sun. Analysis of the spectra and age of the members of the Orion OB1 association yields a mass 28 times that of the Sun (from an original mass 31.8 times that of the Sun) and an age of 6.2 million years. Large stars such as Saiph (and many other stars in Orion) are destined to collapse on themselves and explode as supernovae. In non-Western astronomy and culture In Chinese, (), meaning Three Stars (asterism), refers to an asterism consisting of Saiph, Alnitak, Alnilam, Mintaka, Betelgeuse, Bellatrix and Rigel. Consequently, the Chinese name for Saiph is (, ). The Wardaman people of northern Australia regard Saiph as the Guman digging stick, used to make a canyon by Black-headed Python. References B-type supergiants Orion (constellation) Orionis, Kappa BD-09 1235 Orionis, 53 038771 027366 2004 Orionis, 141 Stars with proper names Suspected variables", "title": "Saiph" }, { "docid": "394684", "text": "Mintaka , designation Delta Orionis (δ Orionis, abbreviated Delta Ori, δ Ori) and 34 Orionis (34 Ori), is a multiple star system some 1,200 light-years from the Sun in the constellation of Orion. Together with Alnitak (Zeta Orionis) and Alnilam (Epsilon Orionis), the three stars form Orion's Belt, known by many names among ancient cultures. The star is located very close to the celestial equator. When Orion is near the meridian, Mintaka is the rightmost of the Belt's stars when viewed from the Northern Hemisphere facing south. Nomenclature Delta Orionis is the star's Bayer designation, 34 Orionis its Flamsteed designation. The name Mintaka itself is derived from an Arabic term for 'belt': منطقة or manṭaqa. In 2016, the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN) to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN's first bulletin of July 2016 included a table of the first two batches of names approved by the WGSN, which included Mintaka for this star. It is now so entered in the IAU Catalog of Star Names. Observational history Mintaka is the westernmost of the three stars of Orion's belt. It is easily visible to the naked eye, one of the brightest stars in the sky, and has been known since antiquity. Radial velocity measurements taken by Henri-Alexandre Deslandres in 1900 at Paris Observatory showed that Mintaka had a variable radial velocity and therefore was a spectroscopic binary. His preliminary orbital period estimate of 1.92 days was shown to be incorrect in 1904 when Johannes Franz Hartmann using photographic plates taken at Potsdam Observatory showed that the orbital period was 5.7 days. Hartmann also noticed that the calcium K line at 393.4 nanometres in the stellar spectrum did not share in the periodic displacements of the lines due to orbital motion of the star and theorized that there was a cloud in the line of sight to Mintaka that contained calcium. This was the first detection of the interstellar medium. System δ Orionis is a multiple star system. There is a magnitude 7 star about 52 arcseconds away from the second-magnitude primary and a much fainter star in between. The system is designated WDS 05320-0018 in the Washington Double Star Catalog, with the 14th-magnitude companion listed as component B and the seventh-magnitude star as component C. The primary component is itself a triple system: a class-O9.5 bright giant and a class-B main-sequence star orbit every 5.73 days and exhibit shallow eclipses when the star dims about 0.2 of a magnitude, and a B-class subgiant is resolved 0.26\" away. At the primary eclipse, the apparent magnitude (of the whole system) drops from 2.23 to 2.35, while it only drops to 2.29 at the secondary eclipse. The outer star of the triple system orbits the inner pair once every . The orbit is quite eccentric, with the separation varying between and . The seventh-magnitude companion, HD 36485, is a chemically peculiar B-type main-sequence star and itself a spectroscopic binary with a faint A-type", "title": "Mintaka" }, { "docid": "29500283", "text": "The Lambda Orionis Cluster (also known as the Collinder 69) is an open star cluster located north-west of the star Betelgeuse in the constellation of Orion. It is about five million years old and roughly away from the Sun. Included within the cluster is a double star named Meissa. With the rest of Orion, it is visible from the middle of August in the morning sky, to late April before Orion becomes too close to the Sun to be seen well. It can be seen from both the northern hemisphere and the southern hemisphere. Description The cluster is following an orbit through the Milky Way that has a period of 227.4 million years with an ellipticity of 0.06, carrying it as far as from the Galactic Center, and as close as . The inclination of the orbit carries it up to away from the galactic plane. On average it crosses the plane every 33.3 million years. The star cluster is young and contains a large number of low-mass stars, some T Tauri stars and brown dwarfs. One notable member is LOri167, which is a wide binary consisting of a potential planetary-mass object and a brown dwarf. Observations of the star cluster with the Spitzer Space Telescope have shown that 25% of the low-mass stars and 40% of the substellar objects are surrounded by a circumstellar disk. Two of these being actively photoevaporated by Meissa. Molecular ring and cluster evolution The cluster might have formed in the central region of an elongated cloud, which is supported by the distribution of pre-main-sequence star candidates, which are concentrated in the cluster and nearby regions in an elongated shape. Massive OB stars and low-mass stars formed in the central regions of these clouds. The low-mass stars closest to the massive stars likely lost their circumstellar disks due to photoevaporation. Many low-mass stars parsecs away were unaffected by this and represent the current population of low-mass stars with a circumstellar disk. The cluster is surrounded by a large molecular ring, called the Lambda Orionis ring. This was interpreted as a remnant of a supernova that exploded one million years ago. The supernova blast encountered the clouds and gas in the region and the blast dispersed the parent core, creating the molecular ring. See also Other celestial bodies included in the constellation Orion: Orion Nebula Horsehead Nebula Barnard 30 References Sky Atlas 2000.0 Second Edition External links Orion (constellation) Open clusters", "title": "Lambda Orionis Cluster" }, { "docid": "545904", "text": "Alnilam is the central star of Orion's Belt in the equatorial constellation of Orion. It has the Bayer designation ε Orionis, which is Latinised to Epsilon Orionis and abbreviated Epsilon Ori or ε Ori. This is a massive, blue supergiant star some 2,000 light-years distant. It is estimated to be 832,000 times as luminous as the Sun, and 64.5 times as massive. Observation It is the 29th-brightest star in the sky (the fourth brightest in Orion) and is a blue supergiant. Together with Mintaka and Alnitak, the three stars make up Orion's Belt, known by many names across many ancient cultures. Alnilam is the middle star. Since 1943, the spectrum of this star has served as one of the stable anchor points by which other stars are classified, for the spectral class B0Ia. Although the spectrum shows variations, particular in the H-alpha absorption lines, this is considered typical for this type of luminous hot supergiant. It is also one of the 58 stars used in celestial navigation. It is at its highest point in the sky around midnight on December 15. It is slightly variable from magnitude 1.64 to 1.74, with no clear period, and it is classified as an α Cygni variable. Its spectrum also varies, possibly due to unpredictable changes in mass loss from the surface. Physical characteristics Estimates of Alnilam's properties vary. Searle and colleagues, using CMFGEN code to analyse the spectrum in 2008, calculated a luminosity of , an effective temperature of 27,500 ± 100 K and a radius of . Analysis of the spectra and age of the members of the Orion OB1 association yields a mass 34.6 times that of the Sun ( on the main sequence) and an age of 5.7 million years. A more recent detailed analysis of Alnilam across multiple wavelength bands produced very high luminosity, radius, and mass estimates, assuming the distance of 606 parsecs suggested by the Hipparcos new reduction. Adopting the larger parallax from the original Hipparcos reduction gives a distance of 412 parsecs and physical parameters more consistent with earlier publications. The luminosity of and the mass of at 606 parsecs is the highest ever derived for this star. Alnilam's relatively simple spectrum has made it useful for studying the interstellar medium. Within the next million years, this star may turn into a Wolf-Rayet star and explode as a supernova. Alnilam's high mass means that due to high mass loss, it will not become a red supergiant star. It is surrounded by a molecular cloud, NGC 1990, which it illuminates to make a reflection nebula. Its stellar winds may reach up to 2,000 km/s, causing it to lose mass about 20 million times more rapidly than the Sun. Nomenclature and history ε Orionis is the star's Bayer designation and 46 Orionis its Flamsteed designation. The traditional name Alnilam derives from the Arabic النظام al-niẓām 'arrangement/string (of pearls)'. Related spellings are Alnihan and Alnitam: all three variants are evidently mistakes in transliteration or copy errors, the first perhaps", "title": "Alnilam" }, { "docid": "22404504", "text": "Orion OB1 (Ori OB1) is a contingent group of several dozen hot giant stars of spectral types O and B in Orion. Associated are thousands of lower-mass stars, and a (smaller but significant) number of protostars. It is part of the larger Orion molecular cloud complex. Owing to its relative closeness and complexity it is the most closely studied OB association. The Orion OB1 consists of the following subgroups: Orion OB1a - the group of stars northwest of the Orion Belt stars with an average age of about 12 million years. Within this grouping is another subgroup known as the 25 Orionis group. They are located near the star of Bellatrix. Orion OB1b - the three bright stars ζ Ori (Alnitak), ε Ori (Alnilam), and δ Ori (Mintaka) which make up the asterism known as \"Orion's Belt\", and minor stars. This group has an average age of approximately 8 million years and is further subdivided into three subgroups. Orion OB1c - the stars in Orion's Sword that are created by 42 Orionis, θ Orionis, and ι Orionis. These stars are about 3-6 million years old. Orion OB1d - the stars of the Orion Nebula and M43 (the youngest stars) Signatures of stellar debris disk evolution have been detected in the 1a and 1b subgroups. See also Orion's belt References Orion molecular cloud complex Stellar associations", "title": "Orion OB1" }, { "docid": "45501297", "text": "Sharpless 264, also known as the Lambda Orionis Ring, is a molecular cloud and H II region, which can be seen in the northern region of the Orion molecular cloud complex (OMCC), in the constellation of Orion. The OMCC is one of the best-known star formation regions and the closest sector of the Milky Way to the Solar System where high-mass stars are born. The nebula is named after its main star, λ Orionis, a blue giant responsible for the ionization of the surrounding material. It is also sometimes called the Angelfish Nebula due to its resemblance as to its lighter areas (pink to peach colour) to an angelfish. In the infrared its ionized boundaries are that which appears, instead. Observations λ Orionis (also known as Meissa or Heka) at about 1,100 light-years is the star representing the head of Orion and can be found to the north of the quadrangle defined by the stars Betelgeuse, Bellatrix, Rigel and Saiph. This star can be found at the centre of open cluster Collinder 69 composed of fourth and fifth-magnitude young hot stars, visible to the naked eye. It can be resolved with a pair of binoculars. The rest of the cluster and associated nebula spans a few hundred light-years centred about 1400 light-years away. The broad nebula shown is not visible unaided, with binoculars or small amateur telescopes. It becomes clear in long-exposure photographs, such as in the first illustration on this page. Orange giant φ2 Orionis, while appearing to be surrounded by the Ring, is merely a foreground object at only about 116 light years from Earth. HD 34989 is a blue-white main sequence star, visible magnified only, just outside the Ring. It has a small nebulous cloud more geared towards the near-infrared than other parts of the neighbouring ionized regions across the Ring. Gallery References External links CCD Images of the Sharpless Catalog Galaxy Map Sharpless objects H II regions Orion molecular cloud complex Orion (constellation)", "title": "Sh2-264" }, { "docid": "16543596", "text": "The Orion correlation theory is a fringe theory in Egyptology attempting to explain the arrangement of the Giza pyramid complex. It posits that there is a correlation between the location of the three largest pyramids of the Giza pyramid complex and Orion's Belt of the constellation Orion, and that this correlation was intended as such by the original builders of the Giza pyramid complex. The stars of Orion were associated with Osiris, the god of rebirth and afterlife by the ancient Egyptians. Depending on the version of the idea, additional pyramids can be included to complete the picture of the Orion constellation, and the Nile river can be included to match with the Milky Way. The idea was first published in 1989 in Discussions in Egyptology, volume 13. It was the subject of the book The Orion Mystery, in 1994, as well as a BBC documentary, The Great Pyramid: Gateway to the Stars (February 1994), and appears in some New Age books. History The Orion correlation theory was put forward by Robert Bauval, and mentioned that Mintaka, the dimmest and most westerly of the stars making up Orion's belt, was offset slightly from the others. Bauval then made a connection between the layout of the three main stars in Orion's belt and the layout of the three main pyramids in the Giza pyramid complex. He published this idea in 1989 in the journal Discussions in Egyptology, volume 13. The idea has been further expounded by Bauval in collaboration with pseudoscientific authors Adrian Gilbert (The Orion Mystery, 1994) and Graham Hancock (Keeper of Genesis, 1996), as well as in their separate publications. The basis of this idea concerns the proposition that the relative positions of three main Ancient Egyptian pyramids on the Giza plateau was by design correlated with the relative positions of the three stars in the constellation of Orion which make up Orion's Belt, as these stars appeared in 10,000 BC. Their initial ideas regarding the alignment of the Giza pyramids with Orion: \"...the three pyramids were a terrestrial map of the three stars of Orion's belt\" are later joined with speculation about the age of the Great Sphinx. According to these works, the Great Sphinx was constructed c. 10,500 BC (Upper Paleolithic), and its lion-shape is maintained to be a definitive reference to the constellation of Leo. Furthermore, the orientation and dispositions of the Sphinx, the Giza pyramids and the Nile River relative to one another on the ground is put forward as an accurate reflection or \"map\" of the constellations of Leo, Orion (specifically, Orion's Belt) and the Milky Way respectively. As Hancock puts it in 1998's The Mars Mystery (co-authored with Bauval): The allusions to dates circa 12,500 years ago are significant to Hancock since this is the era he seeks to assign to the advanced progenitor civilization, now vanished, but which he contends through most of his works had existed and whose advanced technology influenced and shaped the development of the world's known civilizations of", "title": "Orion correlation theory" }, { "docid": "902233", "text": "Alnitak is a triple star system in the constellation of Orion. It has the designations ζ Orionis, which is Latinised to Zeta Orionis and abbreviated Zeta Ori or ζ Ori, and 50 Orionis, abbreviated 50 Ori. The system is located at a distance of several hundred parsecs from the Sun and is one of the three main stars of Orion's Belt along with Alnilam and Mintaka. The primary star, Alnitak Aa, is a hot blue supergiant with an absolute magnitude of −6.0 and is the brightest class O star in the night sky with a visual magnitude of +2.0. It has two companions—Ab and B, the latter known for the longest time and the former discovered recently, producing a combined magnitude for the trio of +1.77. The stars are members of the Orion OB1 association and the association. Observational history Alnitak has been known since antiquity and, as a component of Orion's Belt, has been of widespread cultural significance. It was reported to be a double star by amateur German astronomer George K. Kunowsky in 1819. Much more recently, in 1998, the bright primary was found by a team from the Lowell Observatory to have a close companion; this had been suspected from observations made with the Narrabri Stellar Intensity Interferometer in the 1970s. The stellar parallax derived from observations by the Hipparcos satellite imply a distance around 225 parsecs, but this does not take into account distortions caused by the multiple nature of the system and larger distances have been derived by many authors. Stellar system Alnitak is a triple star system at the eastern end of Orion's Belt, the second-magnitude primary having a 4th-magnitude companion nearly 3 arcseconds distant, in an orbit taking over 1,500 years. The part called Alnitak A is itself a close binary, comprising the stars Alnitak Aa and Alnitak Ab. Alnitak Aa is a blue supergiant of spectral type O9.5Iab with an absolute magnitude of −6.0 and an apparent magnitude of 2.0. It is estimated as being up to 33 times as massive as the Sun and a diameter 20 times greater. It is some 21,000 times brighter than the Sun, with a surface brightness (luminance) some 500 times greater. It is the brightest star of class O in the night sky. In about a million years, it will expand into a red supergiant wider than the orbit of Jupiter before ending its life in a supernova explosion, likely leaving behind a black hole. Alnitak Ab is a blue subgiant of spectral type B1IV with an absolute magnitude of −3.9 and an apparent magnitude of 4.3, discovered in 1998. A fourth star, 9th-magnitude Alnitak C, has not been confirmed to be part of the Aa–Ab–B group, and may simply lie along the line of sight. The Alnitak system is bathed in the nebulosity of IC 434. Etymology and cultural significance ζ Orionis (Latinised as Zeta Orionis) is the star system's Bayer designation and 50 Orionis its Flamsteed designation. The traditional name Alnitak, alternately spelled", "title": "Alnitak" }, { "docid": "9363315", "text": "Australian Aboriginal astronomy has been passed down orally, through ceremonies, and in their artwork of many kinds. The astronomical systems passed down thus show a depth of understanding of the movement of celestial objects which allowed them to use them as a practical means for creating calendars and for navigating across the continent and waters of Australia. There is a diversity of astronomical traditions in Australia, each with its own particular expression of cosmology. However, there appear to be common themes and systems between the groups. Due to the long history of Australian Aboriginal astronomy, the Aboriginal peoples have been described as \"world's first astronomers\" on several occasions. Many of the constellations were given names based on their shapes, just as traditional western astronomy does, such as the Pleiades, Orion and the Milky Way, with others, such as Emu in the Sky, describes the dark patches rather than the points lit by the stars. Contemporary Indigenous Australian art often references astronomical subjects and their related lore, such as the Seven Sisters. Records of Aboriginal astronomy One of the earliest written records of Aboriginal astronomy was made by William Edward Stanbridge, an Englishman who emigrated to Australia in 1841 and befriended the local Boorong people. Interpreting the sky Emu in the sky A constellation used almost everywhere in Australian Aboriginal culture is the \"Emu in the Sky\", which consists of dark nebulae (opaque clouds of dust and gas in outer space) that are visible against the (centre and other sectors of the) Milky Way background. The Emu's head is the very dark Coalsack nebula, next to the Southern Cross; the body and legs are that extension of the Great Rift trailing out to Scorpius. In Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park, north of Sydney, are extensive rock engravings of the Guringai people who lived there, including representations of the creator-hero Daramulan and his emu-wife. An engraving near the Elvina Track shows an emu in the same pose and orientation as the Emu in the Sky constellation. To the Wardaman, however, the Coalsack is the head of a lawman. Bruce Pascoe's book Dark Emu takes its title from one of the Aboriginal names for the constellation, known as Gugurmin to the Wiradjuri people. In May 2020, the Royal Australian Mint launched a limited edition commemorative one-dollar coin, as the first in its \"Star Dreaming\" series celebrating Indigenous Australians' astrology. Canoe in Orion The Yolŋu people of northern Australia say that the constellation of Orion, which they call Julpan (or Djulpan), is a canoe. They tell the story of three brothers who went fishing, and one of them ate a sawfish that was forbidden under their law. Seeing this, the Sun-woman, Walu, made a waterspout that carried him and his two brothers and their canoe up into the sky. The three stars that line in the constellation's centre, which form Orion's Belt in Western mythology, are the three brothers; the Orion Nebula above them is the forbidden fish; and the bright stars Betelgeuse and Rigel", "title": "Australian Aboriginal astronomy" }, { "docid": "62489977", "text": "The 2nd Army Aviation Support Regiment \"Orione\" () is an Italian Army unit based at Borgo Panigale Airport near Bologna in Emilia Romagna. The regiment is part of the Italian army's army aviation and assigned to the Army Aviation Support Brigade. The regiment provides 2nd-line maintenance, upgrade and test services for the NH90 transport helicopters of the 3rd Special Operations Helicopter Regiment \"Aldebaran\", 5th Army Aviation Regiment \"Rigel\", and 7th Army Aviation Regiment \"Vega\". History On 1 March 1957 the 2nd Army Light Aircraft Repairs Unit was formed in Bologna. In 1959 the unit was renamed 2nd Army Light Aviation Repairs Unit and in 1962 it moved from Bologna to the Borgo Panigale Airport. The unit consisted of a command, a command squadron, a supply section, an inspection and recovery section, an aircraft maintenance and repair section, a helicopter maintenance and repair section, and a subsystems repair section. The unit provided technical-logistical services for all of the army's flying units in northeastern Italy and the Tuscan-Emilian Military Region. On 12 December 1989 the unit was granted its own flag by the President of the Italian Republic Francesco Cossiga. In 1990 the unit consisted of a command, an administration office, an aviation materiel office, a general services department, a technical department, and aircraft squadron. On 2 June 1993 the unit was renamed 2nd Army Aviation Repairs Unit. On 1 September 1996 the unit was renamed 2nd Army Aviation Support Regiment \"Orione\". In 2012 the regiment was assigned to the Army Aviation Support Command, which on 31 July 2019 was renamed Army Aviation Support Brigade. Naming Since the 1975 army reform Italian army aviation units are named for celestial objects: support regiments are numbered with a single digit and named for one of the 88 modern constellations. As in 1996 the 2nd Army Aviation Repairs Unit was supporting the 5th Army Aviation Regiment \"Rigel\", which was named for Rigel, the brightest star in the Orion () constellation, the army decided to name the new 2nd Army Aviation Support Regiment \"Orione\" to affirm the two regiments' relationship. As the regiment was founded in the city of Bologna the regiment's coats of arms fourth quarter depicts Bologna's coat of arms. Organization As of 2023 the 2nd Army Aviation Support Regiment \"Orione\" consists of: 2nd Army Aviation Support Regiment \"Orione\", at Borgo Panigale Airport Command and Logistic Support Squadron Maintenance Unit Flight Squadron (AB206 helicopters) See also Army Aviation External links Italian Army Website: 2° Reggimento Sostegno Aviazione dell'Esercito \"Orione\" References Army Aviation Regiments of Italy", "title": "2nd Army Aviation Support Regiment \"Orione\"" }, { "docid": "3671009", "text": "Eta Orionis or Algjebbah, Latinized from η Orionis, is a multiple star in the constellation Orion. It lies a little to the west of Orion's Belt between Delta Orionis and Rigel, being closer to Delta Orionis than to Rigel. It lies at a distance of around 1,000 light-years from Earth and is part of the Orion OB1 association. System Eta Orionis is listed in multiple star catalogues as having two companions: a bright component B less than 2″ away; and a faint component C nearly 2′ away. The two are estimated to orbit every 1,800 years. The primary star, Eta Orionis A, is itself a spectroscopic triple star, known from multiple spectral lines with varying radial velocities. The most distant component Ac, has been resolved using speckle interferometry, at a separation of about 0.04″. It orbits the other two in 9.4 years. The two closest stars, Aa and Ab, are separated by only about a tenth of an astronomical unit and orbit in just under eight days. The system lies within the Orion OB1 association, a group of massive stars that includes most of the bright stars of Orion. It is assigned to the oldest and closest part of the association, known as OB1a. Variability Eta Orionis drops in brightness every four days from a combined apparent magnitude of 3.31 to about magnitude 3.6. This is due to eclipses between the two closest components, Aa and Ab. The primary and secondary eclipses are very similar, 0.24 and 0.23 magnitudes deep, respectively. It has also been suggested that component Ab is intrinsically variable with a period of 0.3 days and a very small amplitude. This star has unusual variable spectral lines and lies with the β Cephei variable instability strip. However, it is now thought that the variable component is either B and Ac, possibly due to an unseen companion or rotational modulation. The actual period is 0.432 days and the 0.3-day period was an alias. See also Orion's Sword References B-type main-sequence stars Algol variables Orion (constellation) Orionis, Eta BD-02 1235 Orionis, 28 035411 025281 1788", "title": "Eta Orionis" }, { "docid": "1120837", "text": "IC 2118 (also known as Witch Head Nebula due to its shape) is an extremely faint reflection nebula believed to be an ancient supernova remnant or gas cloud illuminated by nearby supergiant star Rigel in the constellation of Orion. The nebula lies in the Eridanus Constellation, about 900 light-years from Earth. The nature of the dust particles, reflecting blue light better than red, is a factor in giving the Witch Head its blue color. Radio observations show substantial carbon monoxide emission throughout parts of IC 2118, an indicator of the presence of molecular clouds and star formation in the nebula. In fact candidates for pre-main sequence stars and some classic T-Tauri stars have been found deep within the nebula. The molecular clouds of IC 2118 are probably juxtaposed to the outer boundaries of the vast Orion-Eridanus bubble, a giant supershell of molecular hydrogen blown by the high mass stars of the Orion OB1 association. As the supershell expands into the interstellar medium, favorable circumstances for star formation occur. IC 2118 is located in one such area. The wind blown appearance and cometary shape of the bright reflection nebula is highly suggestive of a strong association with the high mass luminous stars of Orion OB1. The fact that the heads of the cometary clouds of IC2118 point northeast towards the association is strong support of that relationship. See also New General Catalogue#Index Catalogue, IC is acronym for Index Catalogue References External links http://www.seds.org/ Witch Head Nebula at Constellation Guide 2118 Orion (constellation) Emission nebulae", "title": "IC 2118" } ]	[ { "docid": "3251941", "text": "The Orion molecular cloud complex (or, simply, the Orion complex) is a star-forming region with stellar ages ranging up to 12 Myr. Two giant molecular clouds are a part of it, Orion A and Orion B. The stars currently forming within the complex are located within these clouds. A number of other somewhat older stars no longer associated with the molecular gas are also part of the complex, most notably the Orion's Belt (Orion OB1b), as well as the dispersed population north of it (Orion OB1a). Near the head of Orion there is also a population of young stars that is centered on Meissa. The complex is between 1 000 and 1 400 light-years away, and hundreds of light-years across. The Orion complex is one of the most active regions of nearby stellar formation visible in the night sky, and is home to both protoplanetary discs and very young stars. Much of it is bright in infrared wavelengths due to the heat-intensive processes involved in stellar formation, though the complex contains dark nebulae, emission nebulae, reflection nebulae, and H II regions. The presence of ripples on the surface of Orion's molecular clouds was discovered in 2010. The ripples are a result of the expansion of the nebulae gas over pre-existing molecular gas. The Orion complex includes a large group of bright nebulae, dark clouds in the Orion constellation. Several nebulae can be observed through binoculars and small telescopes, and some parts (such as the Orion Nebula) are visible to the naked eye. Nebulae within the complex The following is a list of notable regions within the larger complex: Orion A molecular cloud The Orion Nebula, also known as M42 (part of Orion's Sword) M43, which is part of the Orion Nebula Sh2-279 (part of Orion's Sword) NGC 1980 (part of Orion's Sword) Orion molecular cloud 1 (OMC-1) with the Becklin–Neugebauer Object and the Kleinmann–Low Nebula Orion molecular cloud 2 (OMC-2) Orion molecular cloud 3 (OMC-3) Orion molecular cloud 4 (OMC-4) NGC 1981 NGC 1999 the Waterfall nebula (HH-222), above NGC 1999 Herbig-Haro 34 (HH-34) LDN 1641 HH 1/2, the first recognized Herbig–Haro objects HH 34 a Herbig–Haro object with symmetric bow shocks Orion B molecular cloud Flame Nebula (NGC 2024) IC 434, which contains the Horsehead Nebula The Horsehead Nebula (Barnard 33) M78, a reflection nebula (NGC 2068) McNeil's Nebula is a variable nebula discovered in 2004 near M78 Orion East Cloud (LDN 1621 + LDN 1622) HH 24-26 this group contains three Herbig–Haro objects HH 111 one of the most well-known Herbig–Haro objects Orion OB1 association Orion's Belt Sigma Ori cluster 25 Ori cluster Lambda Orionis molecular ring (Sh2-264) Lambda Ori cluster Barnard 30 Barnard 35 (Angelfish nebula) Orion-Eridanus superbubble Barnard's Loop (Sh2-276) IC 2118 Eridanus Loop Arc A Arc B Arc C A more complete list can be found for example in Maddalena et al. (1986) Table 1 Individual components Orion A The giant molecular cloud Orion A is the most active star-forming region in the local neighbourhood", "title": "Orion molecular cloud complex" }, { "docid": "54800925", "text": "Merchant Prince is video game developed by HDI and released in 1994 by QQP; it was then released as the Machiavelli: The Prince in 1995 by MicroProse. It is the first game of the Merchant Prince video game series. A sequel, Merchant Prince II, was released in 2001. Gameplay The map the player receives from uncle Niccolo resembles those of the period: it is highly accurate close to Venice but grows much less so the further one goes. The mechanic has been praised by reviewers: \"Though its gameplay was nowhere near as sophisticated as that of its near contemporary Civilization, Merchant Prince/Machiavelli did a better job of capturing what exploring is really like. Very rarely in the human experience are people pushing into an entirely blank unknown space. There are always rumors, always guesses, always some advice either from locals or past chronicles.\" Reception Computer Gaming World called it \"an excellent game of strategy and intrigue\". Computer Game Review gave it a platinum triad award (high marks from three reviewers) before naming it the magazine's 1994 strategy game of the year. The Swedish magazine High Score scored it as 100%, calling it \"a completely brilliant strategy game\" (). The German magazine Power Play gave the game a 79%, calling it \"a true gem in the genre of economic games\" () and principally faulting its simplistic graphics. On the other hand, PC Player gave it a rating of 56, finding it essentially similar to The Patrician and Hanse, and Game Bytes considered it \"almost great\", given that the AIs—while otherwise competent—were unable to negotiate and interact at the level of Master of Orion, released the same year. Merchant Prince was a runner-up for Computer Gaming Worlds \"Strategy Game of the Year\" award, which ultimately went to Master of Orion. The editors called Merchant Prince \"a strategy game that captures the greed and treachery of medieval Italy even more than the classic Machiavelli boardgame from The Avalon Hill Game Company.\" David Cook complained that \"Machiavelli quickly becomes a game of doing the same old thing over and over\" and that \"for a game that touts its historical basis... it just doesn't mine the richness of their period\". Jay & Dee gave it 3 of 5 stars. Next Generation reviewed the game, rating it three stars out of five, and stated that \"there's more than enough here to keep strategy fans happy.\" Later views on the series It has subsequently earned praise compared to other turn-based strategy games, including by professors of history. By 2009, Troy Goodfellow was enthusing, \"Merchant Prince/Machiavelli is one of the very few strategy games that gave you partial information and very few games since have picked up that torch. Fog of war generally applies to enemy troop positions, of course, but map information in strategy games is generally either perfect or perfectly unknown. Exploring is less about moving hesitantly to what you think is there and more about walking boldly into the darkness because you know that the", "title": "Merchant Prince (video game)" }, { "docid": "32822706", "text": "The Kleinmann–Low Nebula (also known as the Orion KL Nebula) is an active star forming region in the Milky Way galaxy. It is a cluster of stars within a molecular cloud. The Kleinmann–Low Nebula is at the heart of the Orion Nebula, and is the most active star-forming region in it. Because of the thick dust surrounding it, it is observed primarily with infrared light, since visible light cannot pass through it. Hot stellar winds circulate off large, young, stars in Orion's nebula and heat the surrounding gas. This then causes an explosion that has a finger-like intrusion look. It is named after Douglas Kleinmann and Frank J. Low, who discovered the nebula in 1967. Between 1972 and 1973 a large amount of maps were secured with the Steward and Catalina Observatories telescopes. The luminosity of the Kleinmann–Low Nebula is approximately , or roughly 105 times that of the sun, making the nebula the brightest component of the OMC-1 Complex. The temperature of the dust surrounding the Kleinmann–Low Nebula calculated to be approximately 70 Kelvin. The nebula is estimated to be rather cool at less than 600 Kelvin, yet extremely active when viewed in the far infrared range. Inside of the nebula, the brightest object observed is the Becklin-Neugebauer Object. The Kleinmann-Low nebula is rich in the molecules HCOOCH3, CH3OCH3 and deuterated methanol, and abundant with nascent stars and planetary systems. References Bibliography Ferland G. J. Osterbrock Donald E. (2005) Astrophysics of gaseous nebulae and active galactic nuclei University Science Books Dark nebulae Orion molecular cloud complex", "title": "Kleinmann–Low Nebula" }, { "docid": "1028265", "text": "An asterism is an observed pattern or group of stars in the sky. Asterisms can be any identified pattern or group of stars, and therefore are a more general concept than the 88 formally defined constellations. Constellations are based on asterisms, but unlike asterisms, constellations outline and today completely divide the sky and all its celestial objects into regions around their central asterisms. For example, the asterism known as the Big Dipper comprises the seven brightest stars in the constellation Ursa Major. Another is the asterism of the Southern Cross, within the constellation of Crux. Asterisms range from simple shapes of just a few stars to more complex collections of many stars covering large portions of the sky. The stars themselves may be bright naked-eye objects or fainter, even telescopic, but they are generally all of a similar brightness to each other. The larger brighter asterisms are useful for people who are familiarizing themselves with the night sky. The patterns of stars seen in asterisms are not necessarily a product of any physical association between the stars, but are rather the result of the particular perspectives of their observations. For example the Summer Triangle is a purely observational physically unrelated group of stars, but the stars of Orion's Belt are all members of the Orion OB1 association and five of the seven stars of the Big Dipper are members of the Ursa Major Moving Group. Physical associations, such as the Hyades or Pleiades, can be asterisms in their own right and part of other asterisms at the same time. Background of asterisms and constellations In many early civilizations, it was common to associate groups of stars in connect-the-dots stick-figure patterns. Some of the earliest records are those of ancient India in the Vedanga Jyotisha and the Babylonians. Different cultures identified different constellations, although a few of the more obvious patterns tend to appear in the constellations of multiple cultures, such as those of Orion and Scorpius. As anyone could arrange and name a grouping of stars there was no distinct difference between a constellation and an asterism. For example, Pliny the Elder mentions 72 asterisms in his book Naturalis Historia. A general list containing 48 constellations likely began to develop with the astronomer Hipparchus (c. 190 – c. 120 BCE). As constellations were considered to be composed only of the stars that constituted the figure, it was always possible to use any leftover stars to create and squeeze in a new grouping among the established constellations. Exploration by Europeans to other parts of the globe exposed them to stars previously unknown to them. Two astronomers particularly known for greatly expanding the number of southern constellations were Johann Bayer (1572–1625) and Nicolas Louis de Lacaille (1713–1762). Bayer had listed twelve figures made out of stars that were too far south for Ptolemy to have seen. Lacaille created 14 new groups, mostly for the area surrounding South Celestial Pole. Many of these proposed constellations have been formally accepted, but the rest have", "title": "Asterism (astronomy)" }, { "docid": "46931725", "text": "Master of Orion: Conquer the Stars (also called simply Master of Orion) is a science fiction turn-based strategy 4X game. It is the fourth game in the Master of Orion series and a reboot of the series, developed by Argentina-based Nimble Giant Entertainment and published by Wargaming. The game was released on Steam Early Access on February 26, 2016, with a full release planned on Microsoft Windows, OS X and Linux later in 2016. In Master of Orion: Conquer the Stars, the player leads one of 11 playable races to galactic supremacy through the exploration and colonization of star systems while utilizing diplomacy, conquest and technological developments. Gameplay Master of Orion: Conquer the Stars is a turn-based strategy game that lets players take control of one of 10 playable races who can compete or coexist with other AI controlled opponents across vast galaxies. Players can also design a custom race. In the game, players manage their empire, colonies, technological developments, ship design, inter-species diplomacy, and combat. In Master of Orion, players begin the game with a colonized home world in their solar system. Utilizing colony resources such as Credit Income, Research, Food, and Production, the player can grow their empire, expand their fleet, explore new worlds, increase their resources and trade, and combat other races. Victory is achieved by eliminating all other opponents, winning a vote for peaceful unification, controlling the galactic economy, researching and building three scientific victory structures, defeating the Antaran race, or having the highest score at the end of the last turn. Development In 2013, Wargaming acquired the Master of Orion IP from Atari. The game was officially announced on June 9, 2015. A Collector's Edition, which includes all its predecessors (Master of Orion, Master of Orion II: Battle at Antares and Master of Orion III), a new race, an artbook, and an orchestral Soundtrack, was released. In addition, only players who purchased the Collector's Edition were able to play during the early access period. Several voice actors provided the roles for the reboot, such as Mark Hamill, Michael Dorn, Dwight Schultz, John de Lancie, Alan Tudyk, Kat Cressida, John Kassir, Robert Englund, Troy Baker, Nolan North, JB Blanc, Sara Cravens, Nika Futterman, Jean Gilpin, Misty Lee, Sumalee Montano, Roger Craig Smith, Fred Tatasciore, and Kari Wahlgren. Master of Orion was released on February 26, 2016 for Steam's early access programme, followed by full release on August 25. Reception Master of Orion received generally favourable reviews. Danial Tack from Game Informer gave a generally positive review praising the game's accessibility to newcomers to the 4X genre and called the game \"one of the best entry-level 4X games out there\". He also remarked that the game's graphics \"may be the visual high point for 4X space titles\". The game was also praised for its all-star voice acting cast with Mike Mahardy from GameSpot remarking that \"the voice acting grounds the alien leaders and makes them feel like real characters\". TJ Hafer of IGN was more critical, calling", "title": "Master of Orion: Conquer the Stars" }, { "docid": "47321321", "text": "The various authors of the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh, or Old Testament) have provided various names. Isaiah 14:12 is about one Helel ben Shahar, called the King of Babylon in the text. Helel (\"morning star, son of the dawn\") is translated as Lucifer in the Vulgate Bible but its meaning is uncertain. Saturn is no less certainly represented by the star Kaiwan (or Chiun), worshipped by the Israelites in the desert (Amos 5:26). The same word (interpreted to mean \"steadfast\") frequently designates, in the Babylonian inscriptions, the slowest-moving planet; while Sakkuth, the divinity associated with the star by the prophet, is an alternative appellation for Ninurta, who, as a Babylonian planet-god, was merged with Saturn. The ancient Syrians and Arabs, too, called Saturn Kaiwan, the corresponding terms in the Zoroastrian Bundahish being Kevan. In Mandaeism, Saturn is referred to as Kiwan. The other planets are individualized in the Bible only by implication. The worship of gods connected with them is denounced, but without any manifest intention of referring to the heavenly bodies. Thus, Gad and Meni (Isaiah 65:11) are, no doubt, the \"greater and the lesser Fortune\" typified throughout the East by Jupiter and Venus; Neba, the tutelary deity of Borsippa (Isaiah 46:1), shone in the sky as Mercury, and Nergal, transplanted from Assyria to Kutha (), as Mars. Constellations The subjoined list gives (largely on Schiaparelli's authority) the best-warranted interpretations of biblical star names: Kimah, the Pleiades Kesil, Orion Ash, or Ayish, the Hyades Mezarim, the Bears (Great and Little) Mazzaroth, Venus (Lucifer and Hesperus) Hadre theman -- \"the chambers of the south\" -- Canopus, the Southern Cross, and α Centauri Nachash, Draco Kimah and Kesil The Bible names some half-dozen star groups, but authorities differ widely as to their identity. In a striking passage, the Prophet Amos glorifies the Creator as \"Him that made Kimah and Kesil\", rendered in the Vulgate as Arcturus and Orion. Now Kimah certainly does not mean Arcturus. The word, which occurs twice in the Book of Job (; ), is treated in the Septuagint version as equivalent to the Pleiades. This, also, is the meaning given to it in the Talmud (TB Brachot 58b) and throughout Syrian literature; it is supported by etymological evidences, the Hebrew term being obviously related to the Arabic root kum (accumulate), and the Assyrian kamu (to bind); while the \"chains of Kimah\", referred to in the sacred text, not inaptly figure the coercive power imparting unity to a multiple object. The associated constellation Kesil is doubtless no other than Orion. Yet, in the first of the passages in Job where it figures, the Septuagint gives Herper; in the second, the Vulgate quite irrelevantly inserts Arcturus; Carsten Niebuhr (1733–1815) understood Kesil to mean Sirius; Thomas Hyde (1636–1703) held that it indicated Canopus. Now kesil signifies in Hebrew \"impious\", adjectives expressive of the stupid criminality which belongs to the legendary character of giants; and the stars of Orion irresistibly suggest a huge figure striding across the sky. The Arabs accordingly named", "title": "Biblical astronomy" }, { "docid": "74501954", "text": "Bdóte ( \"\"; ; deprecated spelling Mdote) is a significant Dakota sacred landscape where the Minnesota and Mississippi Rivers meet, encompassing Pike Island, Fort Snelling, Coldwater Spring, Indian Mounds Park, and surrounding areas in present-day Minneapolis and Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States. In Dakota geographic memory, it is a single contiguous area not delineated by any contemporary areas' borders. According to Dakota oral tradition, it is the site of creation; the interconnectedness between the rivers, earth, and sky are important to the Dakota worldview and the site maintains its significance to the Dakota people. It is also an important location in the history of European colonization of the region, including the 1805 Treaty of St. Peters with the Dakota people and the 1837 Treaty of St. Peters with the Ojibwe. After the Dakota War of 1862, it was the location of the concentration camp of the Dakota people before they were forcibly exiled from Minnesota. The cities of Mendota and Mendota Heights, Minnesota, which are part of Bdote, take their names from the Dakota name for the region. In recent years, a movement to recognize and protect Bdote as a sacred place has been growing. Etymology In the Dakota language, can refer to any place where two bodies of water converge and can be translated as the \"mouth\" of a body of water. A deprecated spelling is . Sacred significance to the Dakota people Cosmology Numerous creation stories within the Dakota communities define their relationships with the land and the stars above, including the sacred sites in Bdote. Many Dakota people identify as part of the Wicahpi Oyate (Star Nation), having spiritually originated from the stars and come into being on the land. In one version, the Big Dipper represents the seven bands of the Dakota and Lakota, collectively known as the Oceti Sakowin (Seven Council Fires). According to another, told by Gwen Westerman, the Dakota came from Orion's Belt and through the Creator, they walked Caŋku Wanagi, the “spirit road\" (Milky Way), and arrived at Bdote, later spreading out to establish the sacred sites in the surrounding areas. At Bdote, two bluffs called Caṡḳe Taŋka and Caṡḳe Cistiŋna opened up the earth. The Creator used mud between the bluffs to form the first Dakota man and woman. The earth is called Ina for \"mother\" because it is where Dakota people came from. Ṡuŋġi (Dakota elder Reverend Gary Cavender) further explains, \"In our Creation myth we the Dakota, the Seven Fires of the Dakota, came from the belt of Orion—the seven planets of the belt of Orion, the seven stars—and arrived at the convolution of the Minnesota and Mississippi Rivers, and so in some respects it is our Eden, and the land around there is sacred as well\". According to Dakota astronomer Jim Rock, Bdote refers to the \"Dakota Makoce Cokaya Kin\" (Dakota center of the universe). An ancient and important relationship between the land and stars is known by the Dakota term Kapemni, which means \"as it is above,", "title": "Bdóte" }, { "docid": "40926981", "text": "Orion is an opera by the French composer Louis Lacoste on a libretto by Joseph de Lafont and Simon-Joseph Pellegrin. It was first performed at the Paris Opera (at the time known as \"Académie royale de Musique\") on 19 February 1728 and was performed for the last time on 12 March 1728. The reduced score was printed in quarto by Christophe Ballard. Orion only received a modest success and was never staged nor performed again for another season. However, extracts have already been played by the ensemble Fuoco e Cenere in 2019. A libretto by La Font, Hypermnestre, won considerable success in 1716 with the music of Charles-Hubert Gervais. Pellegrin has made himself known in 1713 with the tragédie lyrique Médée & Jason (music by François-Joseph Salomon) but his most brilliant success would be Jephté in 1732 (music by Michel Pignolet de Montéclair), followed by Hippolyte & Aricie in 1733 (music by Jean-Philippe Rameau). La Font died in 1725 before the completion of Orions libretto, which Pellegrin took care of. It was the second and final collaboration between Lacoste and Pellegrin, the first was Télégone (1725). Mythology The plot is based on the ancient myth of Orion. A son of Neptune and Euryale, daughter of Minos, he was born in Boeotia. This handsome giant was on the island of Chios when he fell in love with Merope, daughter of Oenopion. That king promised her to him in condition that he gets rid of the wildlife from his island. Orion fulfilled the request but the king rejects his promise. Thus, Orion tried one night to rape Merope and was punished by her father by being blinded. It was only thanks to the blacksmith Cedalion that Orion regained his sight. The goddess Diana managed to convince him to become her hunting partner. Apollo, fearing that his chaste sister might fall in love with Orion, sent a monstruous scorpion to kill him. Orion plunged into the sea to swim to Delos. However, Apollo designated the swimming giant to Diana as Candaon, a wicked monster who seduced Opis, one of her hyperborean nymphs. Unbeknownst to the goddess, Candaon was Orion's name in Boeotia and so she struck him down with one of her arrows. When she realised what she's done, Diana implored the gods to revive Orion. Jupiter, unfazed by her wish, torched his body with lightning before he could be resuscitated. Thus, Orion was placed among the stars as a constellation. In other versions of the myth, he was killed due to either loving Diana or trying to rape Opis. Before Lacoste's Orion, this myth was already adapted to the opera genre. Known examples include Francesco Cavalli's dramma per musica L'Orione (1653), Christian Ludwig Boxberg's Orion (1697) and Gottfried Heinrich Stölzel's Orion (1713). Cast Singing roles Chorus Dancers Plot Joseph de La Font left the libretto unfinished with its first three acts, to which Simon-Joseph Pellegrin added the prologue and the last two acts. Lafont makes Orion a follower of Diana, who was", "title": "Orion (Lacoste)" }, { "docid": "1437761", "text": "Barnard's Loop (catalogue designation Sh 2-276) is an emission nebula in the constellation of Orion. It is part of the Orion molecular cloud complex which also contains the dark Horsehead and bright Orion nebulae. The loop takes the form of a large arc centered approximately on the Orion Nebula. The stars within the Orion Nebula are believed to be responsible for ionizing the loop. The loop extends over about 600 arcminutes as seen from Earth, covering much of Orion. It is best seen in long-exposure photographs, although observers under very dark skies may be able to see it with the naked eye. Recent estimates place it at a distance of either 159 parsecs (518 light-years) or 440 pc (1434 ly), giving it dimensions of either about 100 or 300 ly across, respectively. It is thought to have originated in a supernova explosion about 2 million years ago, which may have also created several known runaway stars, including AE Aurigae, Mu Columbae and 53 Arietis, which are believed to have been part of a multiple star system in which one component exploded as a supernova. Although this faint nebula was certainly observed by earlier astronomers, it is named after the pioneering astrophotographer E. E. Barnard who photographed it and published a description in 1894. References External links Photograph identifying several nebulae in Orion Encyclopaedia of Astrobiology, Astronomy, and Spaceflight entry The Scale of the Universe (Astronomy Picture of the Day 12 March 2012) H II regions Orion molecular cloud complex Sharpless objects Discoveries by Edward Emerson Barnard", "title": "Barnard's Loop" }, { "docid": "60404812", "text": "Orion Ruse is a 1984 role-playing game adventure for Star Trek: The Role Playing Game published by FASA. Plot summary Orion Ruse is an adventure set on the Orion trade planet of Daros IV, in which the player characters seek to obtain a profitable contract from a wealthy family of traders. Reception Craig Sheeley reviewed Orion Ruse in Space Gamer No. 72. Sheeley commented that \"If you like split-team adventures, if you want to get out of the starship combat/space adventure rut, if you really like to confuse and bamboozle your players, or if you'd like to get a playing group of Star Fleet personnel together with a playing group of merchants, then buy Orion Ruse.\" R Jarnor reviewed Orion Ruse for White Dwarf #65, giving it an overall rating of 9 out of 10, and stated that \"All in all it is pretty comprehensive, but nevertheless you will need to ad lib at various times.\" References Role-playing game supplements introduced in 1984 Star Trek: The Role Playing Game adventures", "title": "Orion Ruse" }, { "docid": "22504398", "text": "In Greek mythology, Merope () is one of the seven Pleiades, daughters of Atlas and Pleione. Pleione, their mother, is the daughter of Oceanus and Tethys and is the protector of sailors. Their transformation into the star cluster known as the Pleiades is the subject of various myths. Mythology Among the Pleiades In one story, the Pleiades, along with their half sisters the Hyades, were virgin companions to Artemis. Artemis was the twin of Apollo and daughter of Leto and Zeus, and a protector of both hunters and wild animals. The Pleiades were nymphs, and along with their half sisters, were called Atlantides, Modonodes, or Nysiades and were the caretakers of the infant Bacchus. Orion pursued the Pleiades named Maia, Electra, Taygete, Celaeno, Alcyone, Sterope, and Merope after he fell in love with their beauty and grace. Artemis asked Zeus to protect the Pleiades and in turn, Zeus turned them into stars. Artemis was angry because she no longer could see her companions and had her brother, Apollo, send a giant scorpion to chase and kill Orion. Zeus then turned Orion into a constellation to further pursue the Pleiades in the skies. In another legend, the sisters were transformed by Zeus into stars because Orion fell in love with them and relentlessly pursued their affection for 12 years. At first they were turned into doves, but later, along with Orion, into stars so that forever the hunter Orion would pursue them. In either legend the Pleiades were turned into stars and now, along with their half sisters, the Hyades (who died weeping for their dead brother Hyas), are part of the star constellation Taurus. Marriage Merope is the faintest of the stars because she was the only of the Pleiades to have married a mortal. Her sisters had relations with gods and bore them sons, but Merope married Sisyphus and lived on the island Chios. Merope gave birth to Ornytion (Porphyrion), Glaukos, Thersander and Almus. The star Merope is often called the \"lost Pleiad\" because she was at first not seen by astronomers or charted like her sisters. One myth says that she hid her face in shame because she had an affair with a mortal man. In art The several 18th and 19th century dramas and operas titled Merope deal with a completely different myth. There have been, however, artistic depictions of the stellar Pleiad: The Lost Pleiade (1874/75), a marble sculpture by Randolph Rogers, was inspired by Ovid's Latin poem Fasti, which recounts the legend of the seven sisters. The statue, which shows her rising from a cloud in search of her lost siblings, is on display in the Art Institute of Chicago. L'etoile perdue (The Lost Star, 1884) by William-Adolphe Bouguereau depicts the separated Merope from behind with her sister Pleiades as faint images in the background (see above). The title has also been rendered as \"The Lost Pleiad\". Notes References Calame, Claude. Myth and History in Ancient Greece. 1996. Trans. Daniel W. Berman. New Jersey: Princeton", "title": "Merope (Pleiad)" }, { "docid": "6366", "text": "Canis Major is a constellation in the southern celestial hemisphere. In the second century, it was included in Ptolemy's 48 constellations, and is counted among the 88 modern constellations. Its name is Latin for \"greater dog\" in contrast to Canis Minor, the \"lesser dog\"; both figures are commonly represented as following the constellation of Orion the hunter through the sky. The Milky Way passes through Canis Major and several open clusters lie within its borders, most notably M41. Canis Major contains Sirius, the brightest star in the night sky, known as the \"dog star\". It is bright because of its proximity to the Solar System and its intrinsic brightness. In contrast, the other bright stars of the constellation are stars of great distance and high luminosity. At magnitude 1.5, Epsilon Canis Majoris (Adhara) is the second-brightest star of the constellation and the brightest source of extreme ultraviolet radiation in the night sky. Next in brightness are the yellow-white supergiant Delta (Wezen) at 1.8, the blue-white giant Beta (Mirzam) at 2.0, blue-white supergiants Eta (Aludra) at 2.4 and Omicron2 at 3.0, and white spectroscopic binary Zeta (Furud), also at 3.0. The red hypergiant VY CMa is one of the largest stars known, while the neutron star RX J0720.4-3125 has a radius of a mere 5 km. History and mythology In western astronomy In ancient Mesopotamia, Sirius, named KAK.SI.SA2 by the Babylonians, was seen as an arrow aiming towards Orion, while the southern stars of Canis Major and a part of Puppis were viewed as a bow, named BAN in the Three Stars Each tablets, dating to around 1100 BC. In the later compendium of Babylonian astronomy and astrology titled MUL.APIN, the arrow, Sirius, was also linked with the warrior Ninurta, and the bow with Ishtar, daughter of Enlil. Ninurta was linked to the later deity Marduk, who was said to have slain the ocean goddess Tiamat with a great bow, and worshipped as the principal deity in Babylon. The Ancient Greeks replaced the bow and arrow depiction with that of a dog. In Greek Mythology, Canis Major represented the dog Laelaps, a gift from Zeus to Europa; or sometimes the hound of Procris, Diana's nymph; or the one given by Aurora to Cephalus, so famed for its speed that Zeus elevated it to the sky. It was also considered to represent one of Orion's hunting dogs, pursuing Lepus the Hare or helping Orion fight Taurus the Bull; and is referred to in this way by Aratos, Homer and Hesiod. The ancient Greeks refer only to one dog, but by Roman times, Canis Minor appears as Orion's second dog. Alternative names include Canis Sequens and Canis Alter. Canis Syrius was the name used in the 1521 Alfonsine tables. The Roman myth refers to Canis Major as Custos Europae, the dog guarding Europa but failing to prevent her abduction by Jupiter in the form of a bull, and as Janitor Lethaeus, \"the watchdog\". In medieval Arab astronomy, the constellation became al-Kalb al-Akbar, \"the", "title": "Canis Major" }, { "docid": "13511500", "text": "Orion's Sword is a compact asterism in the constellation Orion. It comprises three stars (42 Orionis, Theta Orionis, and Iota Orionis) and M42, the Orion Nebula, which together are thought to resemble a sword or its scabbard. This group is south of the prominent asterism, Orion's Belt. Fables and old beliefs are in Europe dominated or widely influenced by those of the Greco-Roman narratives. Beyond Europe this grouping is quite widely referenced as a weapon just as the majority of cultures perceived Orion's standout asymmetrical \"hourglass\" of seven very bright stars as a human. Components Orion Nebula The Orion Nebula consists of one of the nearest (thus in the Milky Way Galaxy), massive molecular clouds (30 - 40 light years in diameter) about 1,300 light years from the solar system. This makes the nebula potentially the closest HII region to Earth, a mass of hydrogen that has been ionized by nearby, hot, young stars. Regions like this are called stellar nurseries, nurturing the birth of multiple young stars such as the Orion Nebula Star Cluster. These are a hallmark of the asterism. Main stars 42 Orionis, also called c Ori, is a B1V magnitude star in the northern half of the Orion nebula. Theta Orionis has a more central position in the nebula, and is actually composed of a multi-star system. Iota Orionis is one of the brightest in the collection, in the south of the Orion nebula. Iota Orionis is a spectroscopic binary system, with a variable magnitude of O9III. Scientific studies Given the scientific significance of M42, Orion's Sword is a popular spot for stellar and protostellar studies. Using the Hubble Space Telescope, O'dell et al. focused on identifying previously unseen features of the nebula, such as high-ionization shocks, compact sources, and protoplanetary disks. Some studies have focused on the sword region overall. Gomez & Leda found that less than half of the OB and Hα stars in this region are associated with well-defined stellar clusters. This positional similarity, as well as the high star formation rates and gas pressure in the nearby molecular cloud, confirms the previous notion that old, foreground OB stars triggered star formation in this cloud. References in history and culture In his De Astronomia, Hyginus describes the constellation Orion having three faint stars where the sword is depicted. Aratus goes into significant detail about the Orion constellation as well, proclaiming: \"Should anyone fail to catch sight of him (Orion) up in the heavens on a clear night, he should not expect to behold anything more splendid when he gazes up at the sky.\" Cicero and Germanicus, the translators of Aratus's Phaenomena, expressed it as , Latin for \"sword\". Arabic astronomers also saw this asterism as a sword ( ), calling it , Sword of the Powerful One or Sword of the Giant. Orion is one of the few constellations to have parallel identities in European and Chinese culture, given the name Shen, the hunter and warrior. Chinese astronomers made the sword a sub-constellation", "title": "Orion's Sword" }, { "docid": "177174", "text": "The Orion Nebula (also known as Messier 42, M42, or NGC 1976) is a diffuse nebula situated in the Milky Way, being south of Orion's Belt in the constellation of Orion, and is known as the middle \"star\" in the \"sword\" of Orion. It is one of the brightest nebulae and is visible to the naked eye in the night sky with apparent magnitude 4.0. It is away and is the closest region of massive star formation to Earth. The M42 nebula is estimated to be 24 light-years across (so its apparent size from Earth is approximately 1 degree). It has a mass of about 2,000 times that of the Sun. Older texts frequently refer to the Orion Nebula as the Great Nebula in Orion or the Great Orion Nebula. The Orion Nebula is one of the most scrutinized and photographed objects in the night sky and is among the most intensely studied celestial features. The nebula has revealed much about the process of how stars and planetary systems are formed from collapsing clouds of gas and dust. Astronomers have directly observed protoplanetary disks and brown dwarfs within the nebula, intense and turbulent motions of the gas, and the photo-ionizing effects of massive nearby stars in the nebula. Physical characteristics The Orion Nebula is visible with the naked eye even from areas affected by light pollution. It is seen as the middle \"star\" in the \"sword\" of Orion, which are the three stars located south of Orion's Belt. The \"star\" appears fuzzy to sharp-eyed observers, and the nebulosity is obvious through binoculars or a small telescope. The peak surface brightness of the central region of M42 is about 17 Mag/arcsec2 and the outer bluish glow has a peak surface brightness of 21.3 Mag/arcsec2. The Orion Nebula contains a very young open cluster, known as the Trapezium Cluster due to the asterism of its primary four stars within a diameter of 1.5 light years. Two of these can be resolved into their component binary systems on nights with good seeing, giving a total of six stars. The stars of the Trapezium Cluster, along with many other stars, are still in their early years. The Trapezium Cluster is a component of the much larger Orion Nebula, an association of about 2,800 stars within a diameter of 20 light years. The Orion Nebula is in turn surrounded by the much larger Orion molecular cloud complex which is hundreds of light years across, spanning the whole Orion Constellation. Two million years ago the Orion Nebula cluster may have been the home of the runaway stars AE Aurigae, 53 Arietis, and Mu Columbae, which are currently moving away from the nebula at speeds greater than . Coloration Observers have long noted a distinctive greenish tint to the nebula, in addition to regions of red and of blue-violet. The red hue is a result of the Hα recombination line radiation at a wavelength of 656.3 nm. The blue-violet coloration is the reflected radiation from the massive", "title": "Orion Nebula" }, { "docid": "1595585", "text": "{{DISPLAYTITLE:Pi3 Orionis}} Pi3 Orionis (π3 Orionis, abbreviated Pi3 Ori, π3 Ori), also named Tabit , is a star in the equatorial constellation of Orion. At an apparent visual magnitude of 3.16, it is readily visible to the naked eye and is the brightest star in the lion's hide (or shield) that Orion is holding. As measured using the parallax technique, it is distant from the Sun. Nomenclature π3 Orionis (Latinised to Pi3 Orionis) is the system's Bayer designation. It bore the traditional name of 'Tabit', from the Arabic الثابت al-thābit 'the endurer (the fixed/constant one)'. In 2016, the IAU organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN) to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN approved the name Tabit for this star on 5 September 2017 and it is now so included in the List of IAU-approved Star Names. In Chinese, (), meaning Banner of Three Stars, refers to an asterism consisting of π3 Orionis, ο1 Orionis, ο2 Orionis, 6 Orionis, π1 Orionis, π2 Orionis, π4 Orionis, π5 Orionis and π6 Orionis. Consequently, the Chinese name for Pi3 Orionis itself is (), \"the Sixth Star of Banner of Three Stars\". According to Richard Hinckley Allen: Star Names – Their Lore and Meaning, this star, together with ο1 Orionis, ο2 Orionis, π1 Orionis, π2 Orionis, π4 Orionis, π5 Orionis, π6 Orionis and 6 Orionis (are all of the 4th to the 5th magnitudes and in a vertical line), indicate the lion's skinwere but Al Tizini said that they were the Persians' Al Tāj, \"the Crown\", or \"Tiara\", of their kings; and the Arabians' Al Kumm, \"the Sleeve\", of the garment in which they dressed the Giant, the skin being omitted. Ulugh Beg called them Al Dhawāib, \"Anything Pendent\"; and the Borgian globe had the same, perhaps originated it. Al Sufi's title was Manica, a Latin term for a protecting Gauntlet; and Grotius gave a lengthy dissertation on the Mantile, which some anonymous person applied to them, figured as a cloth thrown over the Giant's arm. Properties Pi3 Orionis is most likely single; a nearby star is probably an optical companion. It is a main-sequence star of spectral type F6 V. Since 1943, the spectrum of this star has served as one of the stable anchor points by which other stars are classified. Compared to the Sun, it has about 124% of the mass, 132% of the radius, and nearly 3 times the luminosity. This energy is being radiated from the star's outer atmosphere at an effective temperature of , giving it the yellow-white glow of an F-type star. Although a periodicity of 73.26 days has been observed in the star's radial velocity, it seems likely to be bound more to stellar activity than to a planetary object in close orbit. No substellar companion has been detected so far around Pi3 Orionis and the McDonald Observatory team has set limits to the presence of one or more planets with masses between 0.84 and 46.7 Jupiter masses and average separations spanning", "title": "Pi3 Orionis" }, { "docid": "31403223", "text": "This is a list of baseball parks in top-level professional baseball in Japan. It was compiled primarily from the individual articles shown. It may be incomplete, and there also may be some inconsistencies due to occasional contradictory information between articles. Japanese baseball was organized originally as the Japanese Baseball League (JBL), starting with the 1936 season. For the 1950 season, the organization was renamed Nippon Professional Baseball and with additional clubs joining, it was broken into the Central League (CL) and the Pacific League (PL). Various clubs have transferred from one city to another over time. Most of the clubs had also had several name changes, often independent of location, as a club's corporate owner is typically part of the club's name. For that reason, the first list is driven by team name. The second list is grouped by stadium name. The team list is confined to top-level professional clubs. The stadium list also includes some university-level clubs, where known. Key Current stadiums Former stadiums Clubs listed alphabetically by current names, within league Central League Chunichi Dragons Nagoya Baseball Club (1936–1943) JBL Sangyo Baseball Club (1944) Chubu Nippon (1946) Chubu Nippon Dragons (1947) Chunichi Dragons (1947 or 1948–1949) → To the CL Chunichi Dragons (1950) Nagoya Dragons (1951–1953) Chunichi Dragons (1954–present) ??? (1936–47) Korakuen Stadium (1948) Chunichi Stadium → Nagoya Stadium (1949–1996) Nagoya Dome (1997–present) Hanshin Tigers Osaka Tigers (1936–September 24, 1940, Nicknamed \"Tigers\") JBL Hanshin Baseball Club (September 25, 1940–1944, maybe 1946) Osaka Tigers (1946 or 1947–1949, Nicknamed \"Hanshin\") → To the CL Osaka Tigers (1950–1960) Hanshin Tigers (1961–present) Koshien Stadium (1936–present) also Kyocera Dome Osaka and Kobe Sports Park Baseball Stadium for some games Hiroshima Toyo Carp Hiroshima Carp (1950–1967) Hiroshima Toyo Carp (1968–present) Hiroshima Sogo Ground Baseball Park (1950-July 1957) Hiroshima Municipal Stadium (1957) (July 1957–2008) Mazda Stadium (2009–present) Tokyo Yakult Swallows Kokutetsu Swallows (1950–1965) Sankei Swallows (1965) Sankei Atoms (1966–1968) Atoms (1969) Yakult Atoms (1970–1973) Yakult Swallows (1974–2005) Tokyo Yakult Swallows (2006–present) Korakuen Stadium (1950–1963) Meiji Jingu Stadium (1964–present) Yokohama DeNA BayStars Dai Tokyo (1936) JBL Lion Baseball Club (1937–1940) Asahi Baseball Club (1941–1944) Pacific Baseball Club (1946) Taiyō Robins(1947–1949) → To the CL Shochiku Robins (ca.1950-52) → merged with Taiyo Whales Taiyo Whales (1950–1952) Taiyō-Shochiku Robins (1953) Yō-Shō Robins (1954) Taiyō Whales (1955–1977) Yokohama Taiyō Whales (1978–1992) Yokohama BayStars (1993–2011) Yokohama DeNA BayStars (2012–present) Shimonoseki Baseball Stadium (1950–1952) Osaka Stadium (1953–1954) Kawasaki Stadium (1955–1977) Yokohama Stadium (1978–present) Yomiuri Giants Dai-Nippon Tōkyō Yakyū Club (1934–1935) → To the JBL Tokyo Kyojingun (1936–1944; 1946) Tokyo Yomiuri Giants (1947–1949) → To the CL Tokyo Yomiuri Giants (1950–2002) Yomiuri Giants (2003–present) Korakuen Stadium (1937–1987) Tokyo Dome (1988–present) Pacific League Chiba Lotte Marines Gold Star (1946) JBL Kinsei Stars (1947–1948) Daiei Stars (1949) → To the CL Daiei Stars (1950–1955) → merged with Takahashi Unions in 1956 to form Daiei Unions → merged with Mainichi Orions in 1957 to form Daimai Orions Mainichi Orions (1950–1957) Mainichi Daiei Orions (Daimai Orions, 1958–1963) Tokyo Orions (1964–1968) Lotte Orions (1969–1991) Chiba Lotte Marines", "title": "List of Nippon Professional Baseball stadiums" }, { "docid": "44433372", "text": "\"Lolani\" is a fan-produced Star Trek episode released in 2014, the second in the web series Star Trek Continues, which aims to continue the episodes of Star Trek: The Original Series while replicating their visual and storytelling style. It was written by Paul Bianchi and Huston Huddleston from a story by Huston Huddleston and Vic Mignogna, and directed by Chris White. Plot summary The Enterprise receives a distress signal from a Tellarite vessel. On board, they find three dead Tellarite crew members and an Orion slave woman called Lolani, who has no memory of how her traveling companions died. An investigation conducted by Spock and the security chief hints that two of the crew members were killed in a firefight while the third, Lolani's owner, died from a puncture wound to the throat, possibly from a dagger owned by his slave. Lolani implores the crew of the Enterprise not to return her to her previous owner, an Orion slave trader named Zaminhon, who she describes as a violent and brute monster. Kirk wants to find a way to save Lolani from a future of slavery and violence, but Starfleet's Commodore Gray is not willing to risk an interstellar diplomatic incident with the Orion people and orders the Captain to return Lolani to Zaminhon, who will rendezvous with the Enterprise in a few hours. Lolani tries to escape her fate, first attempting to seduce Kirk using the powerful effects that Orion pheromones have on human males, then pleading for help from crewman Matthew Kenway, who has fallen in love with her. None of her attempts work, and a mind meld with Spock finally reveals that the woman accidentally killed two of the Tellarite crew members while trying to defend herself, then purposefully killed her owner as well. Zaminhon arrives aboard the Enterprise. A diplomatic dinner organized by the Captain to convince the slave trader to free Lolani does not produce the desired result. Instead, tension arises when Zaminhon physically assaults Lolani for having described him as a brute monster. Kirk tries to stop the slave trader, and even makes an offer to purchase the woman from him, but Zaminhon is determined to keep Lolani and returns to his ship, taking her with him. In a last-ditch attempt to save the slave, Kirk announces to the crew that he's about to disobey a direct Starfleet order, and instructs Sulu to pursue Zaminhon's ship, but before he can give the order to transport Lolani back to the Enterprise, Zaminhon's ship suddenly explodes, killing both him and Lolani. Kirk, saddened and defeated, retires to her guest quarters, where he finds a message recorded by Lolani in which she states that her sacrifice will serve as an example for other Orion slaves; Kirk plays her message to the entire crew over the ship's comm system. In the last scene, crewman Kenway asks the Captain for a prolonged leave, which he intends to use to help the oppressed Orion people. Kirk grants the leave and gives", "title": "Lolani" }, { "docid": "3110084", "text": "Upsilon Orionis (υ Ori, υ Orionis) is a star in the constellation Orion. It has the traditional name Thabit or Tabit (ﺛﺎﺑﺖ, Arabic for \"the endurer\"), a name shared with pi3 Orionis. It is a blue-white main sequence star of apparent magnitude 4.62 located over 3000 light-years distant from the Solar System. It is a suspected Beta Cephei variable. Name Located south of Iota Orionis, Upsilon Orionis is one of two stars (the other is 29 Orionis) marking the top of Orion's right boot in Johann Bayer's Uranometria (1603). It was given the number 36 by John Flamsteed, while its proper name appears to be derived from the Arabic Al Thabit \"the endurer\". In his Star-Names and Their Meanings (1899), American amateur naturalist Richard Hinckley Allen noted that the name appeared on the star atlas Geography of the Heavens, composed by Elijah Hinsdale Burritt, but its ultimate origin was unknown. Properties Since 1943, this star has been consistently defined as a B0 main sequence star used as a reference for classifying the spectra of other stars on the MK scale, although in other studies it has been classified as O9V and O9.5V. The Galactic O-Star Spectroscopic Survey defined it as the standard star for the O9.7V spectral type in 2011, but the 2016 version redefined it as B0V. In a 1981 paper, υ Orionis was observed to have nonradial pulsations over a period of around 12 hours, and has been classified as a slowly pulsating B star. Subsequent review of Hipparcos catalog data indicated it was most likely a Beta Cephei variable, and is hence considered a candidate for that class. These are blue-white main sequence stars of around 10 to 20 times the mass of the Sun that pulsate with periods of 0.1 to 0.3 days; their changes in magnitude are much more pronounced in the ultraviolet than in the visual spectrum. It is classified as a Beta Cephei variable by the American Association of Variable Star Observers, and has an apparent magnitude of +4.62. υ Orionis's parallax has been measured at , yielding a distance of approximately 2,900 light years from Earth. A 1979 review of photometry of O and B stars found it to be around 1666 light-years distant, with a radius 7.5 times and luminosity 44,000 times that of the Sun, and surface temperature of 33,000 K. and a mass 16.6 times that of the Sun. It is one of the most massive stars of the Orion OB1c association (in Orion's Sword). References Orion (constellation) Orionis, Upsilon Thabit Beta Cephei variables Orionis, 36 025923 O-type main-sequence stars 1855 036512 Durchmusterung objects B-type main-sequence stars", "title": "Upsilon Orionis" }, { "docid": "2670424", "text": "One Man's Hero is a 1999 historical war drama film directed by Lance Hool and starring Tom Berenger, Joaquim de Almeida and Daniela Romo. The film has the distinction of being the last film released by Orion Pictures' arthouse division Orion Classics, as well as being the last Orion Pictures film, until 2013's Grace Unplugged, when Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer revived the Orion Pictures brand. The film is a dramatization of the true story of John Riley and the Saint Patrick's Battalion, a group of Irish Catholic immigrants who desert the mostly Protestant U.S. Army to join the mostly Catholic Mexican side during the Mexican–American War of 1846 to 1848. Plot The story centers around Sgt. John Riley and 16 men of his U.S. Army battalion who (against military law) are whipped for \"desertion\" only because they had traveled—without an explicit permission—to the Mexican side of the border to fulfill their religious obligation to attend Mass, and because they are thought to be \"Papists\" whose loyalty is ipso facto suspect in the eyes of their Protestant commanders. Sgt. Riley, with regard for the safety and well-being of his men, releases them at gun-point from the lash. He escorts them across the border to Mexico to hopefully find at Vera Cruz a ship back to Ireland, only to be violently captured by the revolutionary Juan Cortina as enemies of Mexico. Riley, wounded in his thigh, is nursed by Cortina's woman Marta. As Cortina considers what to eventually do with Riley and his men, news arrives that the U.S. and Mexico are now at war. Because of this, after a visit from the representative of the Mexican government the Irish deserters are presented with the choice of joining and fighting on the side of the Mexican Army, thus forming their own battalion under command by Riley. Riley is made a captain, in charge of all the Irish-immigrant U.S. soldiers who have come over to the Mexican side in increasingly large numbers, (as General Zachary Taylor puts it, \"because of sex, saints and sadism\"). For encouragement they are given their own green flag as the Saint Patrick's Battalion. Several key battle engagements are highlighted, with dates, and a cease-fire is reached. Meanwhile, the U.S. Senate is threatening to impeach President Polk as opinion turns against U.S. aggression and the invasion of the Republic of Mexico. The cease-fire is soon violated and hostilities resume. Gen. Zachary Taylor, unlike Gen. Winfield Scott, deplores the war, but he obeys his commander-in-chief. As it becomes increasingly evident that the war is being lost by Mexico, Riley's men debate what to do. There is a difference between desertion and treason. Those who deserted before the war and are taken back to the U.S. will be lashed and branded; those who deserted after the declaration of war will be hanged as traitors. They decide to die as men fighting for freedom. When they finally lose, Cortina has escaped with many of his forces, and the Irish are taken prisoner. Many of them", "title": "One Man's Hero" }, { "docid": "18111", "text": "Lepus (, ) is a constellation lying just south of the celestial equator. Its name is Latin for hare. It is located below—immediately south—of Orion (the hunter), and is sometimes represented as a hare being chased by Orion or by Orion's hunting dogs. Although the hare does not represent any particular figure in Greek mythology, Lepus was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations. History and mythology Lepus is most often represented as a hare being hunted by Orion, whose hunting dogs (Canis Major and Canis Minor) pursue it. The constellation is also associated with the Moon rabbit. Four stars of this constellation (α, β, γ, δ Lep) form a quadrilateral and are known as ‘Arsh al-Jawzā', \"the Throne of Jawzā'\" or Kursiyy al-Jawzā' al-Mu'akhkhar, \"the Hindmost Chair of Jawzā'\" and al-Nihāl, \"the Camels Quenching Their Thirst\" in Arabic. Features Stars There are a fair number of bright stars, both single and double, in Lepus. Alpha Leporis, the brightest star of Lepus, is a white supergiant of magnitude 2.6, 1300 light-years from Earth. Its traditional name, Arneb (أرنب ’arnab), means \"hare\" in Arabic. Beta Leporis, traditionally known as Nihal (Arabic for \"quenching their thirst\"), is a yellow giant of magnitude 2.8, 159 light-years from Earth. Gamma Leporis is a double star divisible in binoculars. The primary is a yellow star of magnitude 3.6, 29 light-years from Earth. The secondary is an orange star of magnitude 6.2. Delta Leporis is a yellow giant of magnitude 3.8, 112 light-years from Earth. Epsilon Leporis is an orange giant of magnitude 3.2, 227 light-years from Earth. Kappa Leporis is a double star divisible in medium aperture amateur telescopes, 560 light-years from Earth. The primary is a blue-white star of magnitude 4.4 and the secondary is a star of magnitude 7.4. There are several variable stars in Lepus. R Leporis is a Mira variable star. It is also called \"Hind's Crimson Star\" for its striking red color and because it was named for John Russell Hind. It varies in magnitude from a minimum of 9.8 to a maximum of 7.3, with a period of 420 days. R Leporis is at a distance of 1500 light-years. The color intensifies as the star brightens. It can be as dim as magnitude 12 and as bright as magnitude 5.5. T Leporis is also a Mira variable observed in detail by ESO's Very Large Telescope Interferometer. RX Leporis is a semi-regular red giant that has a period of 2 months. It has a minimum magnitude of 7.4 and a maximum magnitude of 5.0. Deep-sky objects There is one Messier object in Lepus, M79. It is a globular cluster of magnitude 8.0, 42,000 light-years from Earth. One of the few globular clusters visible in the Northern Celestial Hemisphere's winter, it is a Shapley class V cluster, which means that it has an intermediate concentration towards its center. It is often described as having a \"starfish\" shape. M79", "title": "Lepus (constellation)" }, { "docid": "245434", "text": "A proplyd, short for ionized protoplanetary disk, is an externally illuminated photoevaporating protoplanetary disk around a young star. Nearly 180 proplyds have been discovered in the Orion Nebula. Images of proplyds in other star-forming regions are rare, while Orion is the only region with a large known sample due to its relative proximity to Earth. History In 1979 observations with the Lallemand electronic camera at the Pic-du-Midi Observatory showed six unresolved high-ionization sources near the Trapezium Cluster. These sources were not interpreted as proplyds, but as partly ionized globules (PIGs). The idea was that these objects are being ionized from the outside by M42. Later observations with the Very Large Array showed solar-system-sized condensations associated with these sources. Here the idea appeared that these objects might be low-mass stars surrounded by an evaporating protostellar accretion disk. Proplyds were clearly resolved in 1993 using images of the Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera and the term \"proplyd\" was used. Characteristics In the Orion Nebula the proplyds observed are usually one of two types. Some proplyds glow around luminous stars, in cases where the disk is found close to the star, glowing from the star's luminosity. Other proplyds are found at a greater distance from the host star and instead show up as dark silhouettes due to the self-obscuration of cooler dust and gases from the disk itself. Some proplyds show signs of movement from solar irradiance shock waves pushing the proplyds. The Orion Nebula is approximately 1,500 light-years from the Sun with very active star formation. The Orion Nebula and the Sun are in the same spiral arm of the Milky Way galaxy. A proplyd may form new planets and planetesimal systems. Current models show that the metallicity of the star and proplyd, along with the correct planetary system temperature and distance from the star, are keys to planet and planetesimal formation. To date, the Solar System, with 8 planets, 5 dwarf planets and 5 planetesimal systems, is the largest planetary system found. Most proplyds develop into a system with no planetesimal systems, or into one very large planetesimal system. Proplyds in other star-forming regions Photoevaporating proplyds in other star forming regions were found with the Hubble Space Telescope. NGC 1977 currently represents the star-forming region with the largest number of proplyds outside of the Orion Nebula, with 7 confirmed proplyds. It was also the first instance where a B-type star, 42 Orionis is responsible for the photoevaporation. In addition, 4 clear and 4 candidate proplyds were discovered in the very young region NGC 2024, two of which have been photoevaporated by a B star. The NGC 2024 proplyds are significant because they imply that external photoevaporation of protoplanetary disks could compete even with very early planet formation (within the first half a million years). Another type of photoevaporating proplyd was discovered with the Spitzer Space Telescope. These cometary tails represent dust being pulled away from the disks. Westerhout 5 is a region with many dusty proplyds, especially around HD 17505.", "title": "Proplyd" }, { "docid": "2760112", "text": "Pi Orionis (π Ori, π Orionis) is a group of fairly widely scattered stars in the constellation Orion that constitute the asterism Orion's Shield or Orion's Bow. They form an exception to the general rule that stars that share the same Bayer designation are close together: π1 is nearly 9° north of π6 (Tau Eridani is an even more noteworthy example of this). π1 Ori (7 Orionis) π2 Ori (2 Orionis) π3 Ori (1 Orionis) π4 Ori (3 Orionis) π5 Ori (8 Orionis, forms a visual double with 5 Orionis) π6 Ori (10 Orionis) All of them were member of asterism 參旗 (Shēn Qí), Banner of Three Stars, Net mansion. See also Orion's Belt Orion's Sword References Lists of stars Orion (constellation) Orionis, Pi Orion's Shield", "title": "Pi Orionis" }, { "docid": "40255178", "text": "Flight: A Quantum Fiction Novel is a novel by American writer Vanna Bonta. First published in 1995, Flight is about Mendle J. Orion, a writer who notices that elements from the science fiction novel he is writing begin to manifest in the real world. Bonta claimed that she invented the term and the literary genre known as quantum fiction. Setting Overview The novel takes place at the end of the 20th century and spans into the beginning of the 21st century. It utilizes an array of literary devices to highlight the illusory aspect of reality. The story is set primarily in Los Angeles, California, where Mendle Orion lives and works as a writer. Other cities are mentioned, such as San Diego, where Mendle attends the World Science Fiction Convention. The action ends on a farm in rural Kentucky. Multiverse A secondary plot takes place in other-world parallels to the main plot. This subplot presents as a novel-in-progress being written by the character Mendle Orion. The story's action is a multiverse. Z Zone A fictional universe called Z Zone (the \"Sleep Zone\") where individuals commit self-betrayal to escape being awake and functioning creatively is an allegory for the perils of mind control. Main characters Mendle Orion – A solitary writer who questions everything. He finds solace for his loneliness in his latest creation, a novel that stars an interdimensional traveler named Aira Flight, whom he endows with qualities that his superficial and manipulative girlfriend lacks. Aira Flight – ( ) The heroine of Mendle Orion's latest book. She is an interdimensional being who can shape shift and assume forms, or not, at will. 'Aira Flight' is also the name Mendle Orion gives a young woman he discovers in his hotel bathroom after it becomes obvious that she has no memory of her past. He believes she is a light being but she appears completely human, until the discovery that she has no navel heightens the mystery of the young woman's origin. Onx – A miniature dragon that travels with Aira Flight in the novel Mendle is writing. Mendle also assigns the name Onx to a stray white Samoyed dog he finds the night he meets the mysterious stranger he believes is Aira Flight come to life. Jorian – Aira Flight's true love in the novel Mendle is writing. In the beginning of Mendle's novel, Aira is searching for him after his strange disappearance. Sandra Wilford – Mendle's former girlfriend. She is a journalist, and is consumed by getting back with and saving Mendle, whom she believes is on the brink of losing his connection to reality. Dr. Alfred Kaufkiff – A psychoanalyst who offers services to sort out how people live their lives. Paul Toor \| Loptoor – A government employee who bears an uncanny resemblance and name similarity to a cowardly character, Loptoor, in Mendle's novel. Lauryad – Aira Flight's spacecraft, which travels by manipulating space fabric. Plot summary A lonely science fiction writer, Mendle J. Orion, is disillusioned in", "title": "Flight: A Quantum Fiction Novel" }, { "docid": "70437663", "text": "\"Bart the Cool Kid\" is the 15th episode of the 33rd season of the American animated television series The Simpsons, and the 721st episode overall. It aired in the United States on Fox on March 20, 2022. The episode was directed by Steven Dean Moore and written by Ryan Koh. Plot Bart wants a pair of cool new limited-edition sneakers called Slipremes, which are promoted by a kid influencer named Orion Hughes. Homer goes to buy them, but is intimidated by the long wait and high price, instead purchasing bootlegs from his friend Mike Wegman. Bart is unaware, and when he wears them at school, they immediately fall apart. He goes to return them at the Slipreme store, only to be filmed and shamed by various storegoers. Homer catches up to Bart and tries to stop him, but mistakenly rips his pants off, exposing his underwear. Humiliated, Bart runs out of the store, and accuses Homer of being uncool. The day after, Orion visits Bart and brings him authentic Supreme merchandise as an apology gift. Bart learns that Orion does not know how to skate, and begins teaching him. Orion, moved by the experience of having a genuine friendship rather than shilling products, designs a limited-edition \"Bartman One\" sneaker with him. Meanwhile, Homer wears a Slipreme coat and is complimented by Mike, boosting his confidence. Homer gives new clothes to his friends at Moe's, with the Slipreme style becoming popular among middle-aged adults. Bart and Orion fear that the brand is becoming uncool. That night, Bart confronts Homer, who plans to attend the Bartman One release party. At the party, Bart and Orion nervously await the arrival of Homer and his middle-aged friends. Bart calls Marge, who arrives to reassure Homer that he should be himself, rather than feeling like he is someone better because of the clothes he wears. Homer deflects all the other adults into an aviation history museum, and Bart thanks him for saving the party and keeping the brand intact. However, the Bartman Ones are already sold out. Homer buys a pair of them from Mike, with a similar shoddy quality—however, this time, Bart is not bothered. Over the credits, Orion's father reveals that he is actually a clone, since he feared that he would never love a son as much as himself. Production In 2020, while promoting the episode of American Dad! that he co-wrote and in which he guest starred, The Weeknd expressed interest in working on The Simpsons. He reached out to the producers, and they cast him as both Orion and his father, who both have similar qualities as The Weeknd. Michael Rapaport reprised his role as Mike Wegman in the same episode. Reception Viewing figures The episode earned a 0.29 rating and was watched by 1.04 million viewers, which was the second-most watched show on Fox that night. Critical response Tony Sokol of Den of Geek gave the episode a 4 out of 5 stars stating, \"As Lisa points out, cool", "title": "Bart the Cool Kid" }, { "docid": "12404971", "text": "\"Orion\" is a song by American thrash metal band Metallica from their third studio album, Master of Puppets, released on March 3, 1986, by Elektra Records. There the song features as track seven, and is entirely instrumental. \"Orion\" was written primarily by bassist Cliff Burton. The song was named after the constellation of the same name, Orion, due to its \"spacey sounding\" bridge. On September 27, 1986, while touring in 1986 to support Master of Puppets, the band's tour bus crashed, killing Burton. \"Orion\" was played over speakers during his funeral. After his death, Metallica frontman James Hetfield had the notes from the bridge of the song tattooed on his left arm. Background and writing \"Orion\" is a multipart instrumental highlighting Burton's bass playing. A majority of the song was written by Burton, including the guitar solos. It opens with a fade-in bass section, heavily processed to resemble an orchestra. It continues with mid-tempo riffing, followed by a bass riff at half-tempo. The tempo accelerates during the latter part, and ends with music fading out. Burton arranged each part of the middle section, which features a moody bass line and multipart guitar harmonies. \"Orion\" contains two solos from Burton, one from Hetfield, and three from the group's lead guitarist, Kirk Hammett. Burton had originally intended to play all the solos on bass, but reluctantly gave up some to the band's two guitarists. While demoing songs for Master of Puppets, \"Orion\" and \"Welcome Home (Sanitarium)\" had been one song, titled \"Only Thing\"; between the demo sessions and the album recording sessions, the two songs were split apart. However, this meant that the song hadn't been fully written before the band's arrived to the studio in Copenhagen. While working on finishing the track, the band made the decision to keep it as an instrumental. Live \"Orion\" is the least-performed song from the album. Its first full live performance was during the Escape from the Studio '06 tour, when the band performed the album in its entirety, honoring the 20th anniversary of its release. The song had previously only been played as a part of medleys, jams, or in an abridged form. On February 10, 2018, what would have been Cliff's 56th birthday, the group played the song. Lars Ulrich called the performance “a very special moment.” On the first date of the band's tour in support of their 11th studio album, 72 Seasons, they opened the show with a performance of \"Orion\". Reception and legacy \"Orion\" has been widely praised by fans and critics alike. The song has been covered by numerous different bands and artists, including Dream Theater and Mastodon. The song was featured in the film Metallica: Through the Never as well as the film's soundtrack. Unlike the other songs from the project, \"Orion\" wasn't recorded live, instead recorded at a soundcheck prior to the show where the other tracks were recorded. After the death of Cliff Burton, the song became one of Lars Ulrich's favourite Metallica songs. \"Obviously, the", "title": "Orion (Metallica song)" }, { "docid": "11239818", "text": "Sue Palmer (born 1948 in Manchester, England) is a former primary headteacher in the Scottish Borders and is an independent writer and consultant on primary education, particularly literacy. Career She has written over 200 books, TV programmes, and software packages for children and teachers. As an independent consultant, she has worked with the DfES, National Literacy Trust, Basic Skills Agency, numerous educational publishers, and the BBC. In 2004, she collaborated with Early Years specialist Ros Bayley to produce Foundations of Literacy, now in its third edition. Palmer's book 'Toxic Childhood: how modern life is damaging our children... and what we can do about it' [Orion 2006, second edition 2015] was her first for a more general audience. It was followed by 'Detoxing Childhood' (Orion 2007), 21st Century Boys' (Orion 2009), '21st Century Girls' (Orion 2012), 'Upstart: the case for raising the school starting age and giving the under-sevens what they really need' (Floris 2016). Since researching Toxic Childhood, she has become involved in many campaigns relating to children's well-being and mental health. She was named among the top twenty most influential people in British education in the Evening Standard's 2008 Influentials list and has been listed in 'Who's Who' as a childhood campaigner since 2014. She founded the Upstart Scotland campaign (www.upstart.scot), which was launched in 2016 and has since been its chair. Upstart makes the case for a relationship-centred, play-based kindergarten stage for children between the ages of three and seven. Letter to The Daily Telegraph The Daily Telegraph published a letter she wrote with child specialist Richard House; signed by over a hundred experts, they call for a national debate on child education. Bibliography References External links Sue Palmer {http://www.upstart.scot / Upstart Scotland] British educational theorists 1948 births Living people Schoolteachers from Greater Manchester Heads of schools in Scotland British non-fiction writers Alumni of the Open University Alumni of the University of Manchester", "title": "Sue Palmer" }, { "docid": "6010685", "text": "The Gould Belt is a local ring of stars in the Milky Way, tilted away from the galactic plane by about 16–20 degrees, first reported by John Herschel and Benjamin Gould in the 19th century. It contains many O- and B-type stars, and many of the nearest star-forming regions of the local Orion Arm, to which the Sun belongs. The relative proximity of these star-forming regions spurred the Gould Belt Survey project to determine what caused them. It was long speculated that the belt was a physical structure in the galactic disk, but data from the Gaia survey indicate that several of its star-forming regions belong instead to the separate Radcliffe wave and Split linear structures in the Orion Arm, and that the circular appearance of the belt results mostly from the projection of these structures onto the celestial sphere. The belt contains bright, young stars which formed about 30 to 50 million years ago in several constellations. These lie along a great circle slightly inclined to the Milky Way. including (in order from Taurus): Taurus, Perseus, Cepheus, Lacerta, Scorpius, Lupus, southern Centaurus, Crux (the Southern Cross), Carina, Vela, Puppis, Canis Major, and Orion. Star-forming regions and OB associations that make up this region include the Orion Nebula and the Orion molecular clouds, the Scorpius–Centaurus OB association, Cepheus OB2, Perseus OB2, and the Taurus–Auriga molecular clouds. The Serpens molecular cloud containing star-forming regions W40 and Serpens south is often included in Gould Belt surveys, but is not formally part of the Gould Belt due to its greater distance. A theory proposed around 2009 suggests that the Gould Belt formed about 30 million years ago when a blob of dark matter collided with the molecular cloud in our region. There is also evidence for similar Gould belts in other galaxies. See also Radcliffe wave References External links Map of the Gould Belt 3D evolution of the Gould Belt The Spitzer Gould Belt Survey Open clusters Milky Way ?", "title": "Gould Belt" }, { "docid": "74858874", "text": "\"Those Old Scientists\" is the seventh episode of the second season of the television series Star Trek: Strange New Worlds and was released on Paramount+ on July 22, 2023. In this crossover episode, characters from the animated series Star Trek: Lower Decks are sent back in time to the 23rd-century setting of Strange New Worlds. Captain Christopher Pike and the crew of the have to work with Ensigns Mariner and Boimler to return them to their proper time. \"Those Old Scientists\" was written by a combination of Lower Decks and Strange New Worlds writers and directed by longtime Star Trek actor and director Jonathan Frakes. Lower Decks voice cast members Tawny Newsome and Jack Quaid play their characters in live action for the first time; the cast and crew paid special attention to translating their animated portrayals to a more realistic medium. The episode was positively received by critics, who praised the humor, acting, and celebration of Star Trek as a franchise. Plot In the 24th century, an away team from the Federation starship USS Cerritos arrives at the planet Krulmuth to perform routine scans on a portal found there. While Ensign Brad Boimler excitedly says that it was discovered by the crew of the USS Enterprise, led by Captain Christopher Pike, D'Vana Tendi insists it was found by an Orion vessel that her ancestor was stationed on. When Boimler has his picture taken at the portal, it unexpectedly activates and he is sucked through to the 23rd century, meeting the Enterprise crew. While the crew tries to figure out how to send Boimler back to his time, Boimler tries (and fails) to avoid divulging knowledge of future events, nervous around the historical figures he considers heroes. An Orion ship arrives in orbit; Boimler convinces Captain Pike not to fire on the ship, but the Orions beam the portal from the surface and warp away. Boimler helps the crew track the Orions, and they trade the grain supplies destined for a colony they were carrying in exchange for the portal. The Enterprise crew transports the portal back to Krulmuth. Before Boimler can step through, Ensign Beckett Mariner emerges from the other side, exhausting the portal's power supply and trapping them in the past. Boimler and Spock fail to synthesize more of the portal's power source, the rare material horonium, while Mariner talks with Nyota Uhura, her idol, and convinces her to take a break from always working to have some fun. Enterprise engineer Pelia informs Boimler of the irreplaceable nature of the grain they traded to the Orions, and a remorseful Boimler tries to contact the Orions and steal a shuttle to get it back. After Boimler and Mariner are detained and talk with Pike, Boimler realizes there is another source of horonium on Enterprise—a piece of the previous ship to carry the name built into the current vessel. On the surface of Krulmuth, the Starfleet officers encounter the Orions, who received Boimler's signal. Pike explains the situation, and Boimler", "title": "Those Old Scientists" }, { "docid": "2676631", "text": "Orion's Belt is a group of three bright stars in a row in the constellation Orion. Orion's Belt or the Belt of Orion may also refer to: Orion's Belt (novel), a 1977 novel Orion's Belt (film), a 1985 film based on the novel Belt of Orion Award, an award for excellence of the Air Cadet League of Canada Orion OB1a or Belt of Orion OB association Orion's Belt, the collar of the cat Orion in the film Men in Black \"Orion's Belt\", a song by Kitty Pryde from the 2012 EP Haha, I'm Sorry See also Orion (disambiguation)", "title": "Orion's Belt (disambiguation)" }, { "docid": "3514734", "text": "\"The Pirates of Orion\" is the second season premiere episode of the American animated science fiction television series Star Trek: The Animated Series, the 17th episode overall. It first aired on NBC on September 7, 1974. It was directed by Bill Reed and written by Howard Weinstein. The episode was Weinstein's first professional sale at the age of 19, making him, as of 2023, the youngest writer of any Star Trek TV episode. Set in the 23rd century, the series follows the adventures of Captain James T. Kirk (voiced by William Shatner) and the crew of the Starfleet starship Enterprise. In this episode, Kirk and the Enterprise must contend with a pirate captain and crew who have stolen a load of cargo that includes medicine crucial to save a dying Spock (voiced by Leonard Nimoy). The story was developed from Weinstein out of a Star Trek-based short story he had previously published in a school science fiction publication. After it failed to be read on the first submission, it was resubmitted and purchased by the production team. The episode featured the first appearance of male members of the Orion species in the Star Trek franchise; male Orions would not appear in a live action episode until 2004. Critical reception to the episode was mixed, and it has been released in several forms of home media, including VHS, LaserDisc and DVD. Plot On stardate 6334.1, the Federation starship Enterprise is enroute to perform ceremonial duties on Deneb V when the Vulcan First Officer, Spock (voiced by Leonard Nimoy), contracts a disease called \"choriocytosis\". Chief Medical Officer Leonard McCoy (voiced by DeForest Kelley) notes that he can slow the disease, but Spock will still only have days to live. The Starfleet freighter Huron is set to rendezvous with the Enterprise and deliver medicine when it is attacked by Orion pirates who steal its cargo, which turns out to be primarily a sizable load of dilithium crystals. The Enterprise follows back on the rendezvous course and finds the battered Huron and its surviving crew. Analysis of the attack leads Captain Kirk (voiced by William Shatner) and his crew to chase the Orion ship in a desperate attempt to recover the cure. The Orions, knowing they cannot escape the Enterprise or best them in a fight, plot to destroy both themselves and the Enterprise in order to preserve the lie of \"Orion neutrality\". Kirk meets with the Orion Captain (voiced by James Doohan) on a highly unstable asteroid. Kirk and the Enterprise crew realize that the Captain has explosives on his person and neutralize them in time. They recover the medicine to save Spock, capture the Orion Captain (who orders his crew not to commit suicide via self-destruction), and retrieve the dilithium crystals. Spock's life is saved and the Enterprise continues on its original assignment, with Kirk reflecting on how the Orion Captain will stand trial for his actions and allow the Federation to solve the problem of \"Orion neutrality\". Production Writer Howard Weinstein", "title": "The Pirates of Orion" }, { "docid": "74026230", "text": "Orion and the Dark is a 2024 American animated fantasy adventure comedy film produced by DreamWorks Animation, animated by Mikros Animation, and distributed by Netflix. It was directed by Sean Charmatz (in his feature directorial debut) and written by Charlie Kaufman, based on the 2014 children's book of the same name by Emma Yarlett. The film stars the voices of Jacob Tremblay, Paul Walter Hauser, Colin Hanks, Mia Akemi Brown, Ike Barinholtz, Nat Faxon, Golda Rosheuvel, Natasia Demetriou, Aparna Nancherla, Carla Gugino, Matt Dellapina, and Angela Bassett. Robert Lydecker and Kevin Lax composed the film's musical score. Orion and the Dark premiered at the TUDUM Theater in Los Angeles on January 27, 2024, and was released on Netflix on February 2. The film has received positive reviews from critics, with praise for its screenplay, animation, themes and performances. Plot In 1995 Philadelphia, Orion is a severely anxious 11-year-old with an extensive list of irrational fears. He journals his fears in his diary and is nervous about being rejected by his school crush, Sally, at an upcoming planetarium field trip. One night, after a sudden blackout, Orion is greeted by Dark, the embodiment of his worst fear, in his bedroom. Tired of Orion's constant complaints about him, Dark offers to take Orion on a trip to help him overcome his fears by showing him the benefits and wonders of nighttime. Along the way, it is revealed that an adult Orion is telling the story to his young daughter, Hypatia, to help with her fears. During their travels, Dark introduces Orion to his fellow night entities Sleep, Insomnia, Quiet, Unexplained Noises and Sweet Dreams. Dark convinces them to let Orion witness their work, to which they reluctantly agree. As they travel, Dark shows Orion how Quiet removes surrounding sounds, Sleep induces people to slumber, Insomnia induces anxiety and wakes some people up, Unexplained Noises makes various noises outside homes, and Sweet Dreams generates wonderful dreams. Initially, Orion's anxious behavior interferes with the night entities' jobs, but as Orion warms up to and eventually befriends Dark, he helps the night entities in their tasks. Additionally, Orion briefly encounters Light, Dark's nemesis who brings daylight in the mornings while Dark brings nighttime in the evenings. Continuing their journey, Orion inadvertently remarks how Light seems preferable to Dark, as Light makes him feel safe and warm. Feeling dejected, the other entities abandon their nighttime duties in exchange for working during the day. Angry and saddened by their abandonment, Dark stops on a mountaintop. A guilty Orion pleads with Dark to move before Light passes through and disintegrates him but Dark stays still and vanishes as Light passes through him, abandoning Orion. Now alone, Orion sits on the mountaintop, which he realizes is the back of a flying turtle, ashamed of his actions. With the story ended, in 2005 the now adult Orion and his daughter Hypatia walk through the city to the planetarium, Hypatia is shocked by his ending and suggests a different narrative. As", "title": "Orion and the Dark" }, { "docid": "17645451", "text": "The Orion Experience (occasionally abbreviated to T.O.E.) is an American pop rock band formed in New York City in 2005 by singer/songwriter Orion Simprini and Linda Horwatt (Linda XO). The band has released three studio albums and two EPs, and their music has been featured on television shows such as Laguna Beach: The Real Orange County, The Hills, Victorious, iCarly, and Zoey 101. The name \"The Orion Experience\" is a \"self-effacing\" reference to other bands like The Alan Parsons Project and the Steve Perry Project. The band’s gender-fluid themes and presentation have attracted a strong LGBTQ+ fanbase. History In 2006, The Orion Experience released their first studio album, Cosmicandy, on Sweet! Records. In 2007, the band performed at Fearless Music, and in early 2008, Perez Hilton called the song \"Obsessed With You\" \"an indie pop gem ... double yum.\" The same song was also featured in the 2019 thriller The Honeymoon Phase. Their 2008 EP release, Heartbreaker, was produced by Maroon 5 producer Jon Kaplan. In 2009, the band released Cosmicandy in Japan and included all four songs from Heartbreaker, as well as a new track called \"Nippon Ga Dai Suki (Japan We Love You!)\". Their second EP, NYC Girl, was released on April 19, 2011. USA Today described the title track as a \"string-infused disco-pop ditty\" reminiscent of \"70s-era Electric Light Orchestra\". In October 2012, the band put on an immersive theater show at Dixon Place in Manhattan's Lower East Side with the \"idea to make a rock concert that brought fantasy back to live music.\" The following year, the band created an off-Broadway show called The Orion Experience, which opened in August 2013 at XL Nightclub. The show was directed by Travis Greisler, produced by Ryan Bogner, and choreographed by Misha Shields. The cast featured Simprini, Horwatt, Reef Rox, and Honey Davenport as the Queen of White Lies. The show was accompanied by their second full-length album, Children of the Stars, which includes expanded versions of the songs from the live theater productions. In 2014, the band recorded the single \"Rich Man's Holiday\". In the following years, both lead singers Simprini and Horwatt wrote and produced solo albums. Horwatt recorded the album Stupid Love and the self-titled EP Linda XO. Simprini produced his EP Lush Life and other singles. Due to a rise in online popularity in 2019 and 2020, the band reestablished itself and began releasing more music. In January 2021, the band released Sugar Deluxe, a compilation album that combined the Heartbreaker EP and the NYC Girl EP, and included two previously unreleased tracks, \"How the Story Ends\" and \"Lower East Side Love Song\", while removing the track \"Nice Guys Finish Last\". The band's third studio album, Fever Dream, was released on October 22, 2021. In 2022, Cosmicandy and Children of the Stars were reissued on vinyl, CD, and cassette by Needlejuice Records, but these were later hidden from their website on September 1, 2022 and removed completely in December 2022 after the label terminated their", "title": "The Orion Experience" }, { "docid": "962152", "text": "Messier 43 or M43, also known as De Mairan's Nebula and NGC 1982, is a star-forming nebula with a prominent H II region in the equatorial constellation of Orion. It was discovered by the French scientist Jean-Jacques d'Ortous de Mairan some time before 1731, then catalogued by Charles Messier in 1769. It is physically part of the Orion Nebula (Messier 42), separate from that main nebula by a dense lane of dust known as the northeast dark lane. It is part of the much larger Orion molecular cloud complex. The main ionizing star in this nebula is HD 37061 (variable star designation NU Ori), the focus of the H II region, away. This is a triple star system with the brighter component being a single-lined spectroscopic binary. The main component is a blue-white hued B-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of B0.5V or B1V. It has times the mass of the Sun () and times the Sun's radius (). It is radiating over 26,000 times the Sun's luminosity () from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 31,000 K. It is spinning rapidly with a projected rotational velocity of around 200 km/s. The H II region is a roundish volume of ionized hydrogen. It has a diameter of about , at its distance meaning it measures . The net (meaning omitting the star) hydrogen alpha luminosity of this region is ; equivalent to . There is a dark lane crossing the whole west-centre strip from north to south, known as the M43 dark lane, which forming a swirling belt extension to the south links to Orion's northeast dark lane. All of these resemble a mixture of smoke rising from a chimney and in watercolour broad and fine dark brushstrokes, at many wavelengths. Gallery See also List of Messier objects References and footnotes External links Messier 043 Messier 043 Orion–Cygnus Arm Messier 043 043 Messier 043", "title": "Messier 43" }, { "docid": "1105129", "text": "The Orions are a fictional extraterrestrial humanoid species in the American science fiction franchise Star Trek, making their first appearance in the initial pilot for Star Trek: The Original Series, \"The Cage\". Susan Oliver portrayed the first Orion seen on screen, when her human character Vina was transformed into one, although it was Majel Barrett who underwent the original makeup test. The footage was subsequently used in the two-part episode \"The Menagerie\". Yvonne Craig, who was considered for the role of Vina, later played an Orion in \"Whom Gods Destroy\". Male Orions made their first appearance in the Star Trek: The Animated Series episode \"The Pirates of Orion\" but did not appear in live action until the Star Trek: Enterprise episode \"Borderland\", which also featured female Orions. Orion women have also been seen in the films Star Trek and Star Trek Into Darkness, and the animated series Star Trek: Lower Decks features an Orion as a main character. Females of the species have become known as Orion slave girls, who have become popular among fans as cosplay. Development The first mention of the Orion was in Gene Roddenberry's first draft script for the initial pilot for Star Trek: The Original Series, \"The Cage\". At that stage, there was no further description given, except that they were to be alien in appearance. By the time that casting had been sought, it had been decided that the Orion character should be painted green, with the script stating that the character should be \"Wild! Green skin, glistening as if oiled\". Roddenberry had convinced the NBC executives to shoot in color to reduce scenery costs and so that the green skin of the character could be seen on screen. The costume for Vina was designed by William Ware Theiss, with Roddenberry pushing for it to be skimpier. Fred Phillips conducted makeup tests before the shooting began on the episode. As an actress had not yet been cast in the role of Vina, Majel Barrett instead stepped in. Several different shades of green greasepaint were applied to her, with different camera exposures and lighting settings tested. Those test shots were sent to be developed, and received back the following day. To the surprise of the production team, Barrett appeared normal flesh colored in all footage. They tried again, applying a much darker shade of green. Once again, when the results were received, she didn't appear green at all. They tried a third time and the same result was received. Roddenberry phoned the development lab out of frustration, only to hear their surprise that the character was supposed to be green. They had presumed that the cinematographer had set up the camera incorrectly and had spent a great deal of time correcting Barrett back to a normal color. A number of actresses were considered for the part, including Yvette Mimieux, Yvonne Craig, Barbara Eden and Anne Francis. Roddenberry's first choice was Susan Oliver, whose talent agency said she was an excellent dancer. She was convinced to", "title": "Orion (Star Trek)" }, { "docid": "1937668", "text": "\"Bound\" is the seventeenth episode of the fourth season of the American science fiction television series Star Trek: Enterprise, originally broadcast on April 15, 2005. It was written by showrunner Manny Coto, and directed by Allan Kroeker. The episode featured the return of the Orion slave girls, which had been originally seen in the original pilot of Star Trek: The Original Series, \"The Cage\". Set in the 22nd century, the series follows the adventures of the first Starfleet starship Enterprise, registration NX-01. In this episode, three Orion slave girls come on board the ship, and the crew, with the exception of Commander \"Trip\" Tucker and Commander T'Pol who seem to have a resistant psychic bond, begin acting strangely. The episode featured the return of Cyia Batten and William Lucking who had both previously appeared in multi-episode parts in Star Trek: Deep Space Nine. Four time MTV Music Video Award for Choreography winner Travis Payne was brought on board to oversee the extensive choreography for the three actresses playing the Orion women. Each actress went through a four to five-hour make-up process for each day of filming, which required them to be sprayed green. \"Bound\" received Nielsen ratings of 1.8/3%, and critical reaction was mixed with one reviewer listing it amongst the best episodes of Enterprise while another listed as the worst episode ever of any Star Trek series. Plot Enterprise is en route to the Berengarius system, one of the proposed locations for a Starfleet starbase, when it is approached by an Orion Syndicate vessel. Captain Archer is invited to visit the Orion ship by its captain, Harrad-Sar. During the visit, Archer and Lieutenant Reed are entertained by three Orion dancers, Navaar, D'Nesh, and Maras. Archer negotiates with Harrad-Sar and they agree to a joint magnesite mining operation, and at Harrad-Sar's insistence the three slaves are given to him. They return to Enterprise with the slaves and set a course to survey the planet. En route, the presence of the Orions begins having an effect on the crew: men become increasingly aggressive, while women increasingly suffer from headaches. Navaar focuses her attentions on Archer, while D'Nesh seduces Commander Kelby. Arriving at the planet, a sluggish Archer orders Reed to destroy another ship, but he refuses and it escapes. Kelby meanwhile sabotages the warp drive before Commander Tucker can physically stop him. Afterwards, Doctor Phlox determines that the Orions are producing pheromones, causing the crew's adrenaline levels to spike. Only Commander T'Pol and Tucker remain unaffected, since she is Vulcan and he shares her immunity because of their psychic bond. The Orions are placed under guard in the decontamination chamber. Harrad-Sar returns in his vessel and attacks the now disabled Enterprise, and then begins to tow it away. He reveals that, in fact, the Syndicate seeks Archer's head, and in this matter he is the slave and the Orion women are his masters. The Orions escape and travel to the Bridge, as do T'Pol and Tucker. Navaar tells Archer to arrest", "title": "Bound (Star Trek: Enterprise)" } ]	[ "Betelgeuse", "Alnitak", "Rigel", "Mintaka", "Saiph", "Bellatrix", "Alnilam" ]
train_7077	where is pretty little liars supposed to take place	[ { "docid": "28572034", "text": "Mona Vanderwaal is a fictional character in the Pretty Little Liars book series, its television adaptation, and the spin-off TV series Pretty Little Liars: The Perfectionists. In the TV shows, she is portrayed by Janel Parrish. Introduced in Pretty Little Liars as Hanna Marin's best friend, Mona initially harbors a grudge against the protagonists, using her intelligence and resources to torment them anonymously as \"A\". In the third season of the TV series, Mona gains a partner who eventually takes control from her. Afterward, she forms an unstable alliance with the protagonists, becoming a victim of her own creation. Considered the most knowledgeable character in the series, Mona is versed in computer hacking, foreign languages, singing, empathy, and manipulation. Though introduced as a villainess, she eventually takes steps toward redemption. Mona is the first 'A' in the show and the book. Initially a supporting player, the TV character gained much popularity among viewers and critics, drawing recognition from Entertainment Weekly, CNN, MTV, and others, prompting producers to expand her role. In March 2015, PrettyLittleLiars.com named Mona the greatest Pretty Little Liars character. MTV also named her one of the best characters on television in 2014. During the TV series' run, producer I. Marlene King acknowledged Mona as a \"beloved character.\" By the end of the show's run, Dana Getz of Bustle.com declared that Mona had become \"the most important character in the series.\" Novel series Mona Vanderwaal was introduced in the first four Pretty Little Liars novels. A teenage resident of Rosewood, Pennsylvania, she has white-blonde hair, light blue eyes, and a few freckles. She is a formerly unpopular girl who was teased by Alison DiLaurentis and her friends, longing to be in their group. After Alison went missing, Mona befriended Alison's friend Hanna Marin, and they reinvented themselves as the 'it' girls of Rosewood Day. Pretty Little Liars Mona is introduced as Hanna Marin's best friend. She was initially considered nerdy, but together with Hanna she transformed into a beautiful 'it' girl during the summer three years prior. She is invited to Noel Kahn's beginning of the semester party, where she kisses his older brother, Eric. Whenever the school's mean girls, Naomi and Riley, say something mean about Hanna, Mona is there for her. Mona and Hanna get into numerous fights and arguments about Hanna's old friends, Emily, Aria and Spencer, because Mona thinks that she has been spending more time with them than with her. Flawless and Perfect As Mona's birthday is coming up, she chooses Naomi, Riley, Hanna and some other girls to be her \"next-in-lines\" so she goes to buy dresses with them. She chooses champagne-colored dresses, but gets in a fight with Hanna, whom she accuses of sabotaging her birthday party. Later on, Hanna gets a package with the champagne-colored dress, and thinks it was Mona who sent it. Happily, she puts it on and goes to Mona's party, even though the dress is too small. As she comes to the party, Naomi and Riley", "title": "Mona Vanderwaal" }, { "docid": "12012861", "text": "Pretty Little Liars is a series of young adult novels by Sara Shepard. Beginning with 2006's initial novel of the same name, the series follows the lives of four girls—Spencer Hastings, Hanna Marin, Aria Montgomery and Emily Fields. The novels appeared on The New York Times Best Seller list for 62 weeks. The series spawned a media franchise with a television series adaptation loosely based on the novels which debuted on June 8, 2010, on ABC Family. The franchise has been licensed by Amazon.com's Kindle Worlds range of non-canon ebooks. Overview The series is loosely divided into arcs, chronicling the introduction and reveal of each \"A\". Set in the suburbs of Rosewood, Pennsylvania, the series follows the lives of four teenage girls nicknamed the Pretty Little Liars or simply the Liars, whose clique falls apart after the disappearance of their queen bee leader, Alison DiLaurentis. Three years after her mysterious disappearance, the girls begin receiving intimidating messages from an anonymous character named \"A\". \"A\" threatens to expose their secrets, including long-forgotten ones they thought only Alison knew. Shortly after the messages begin, Alison's body is discovered buried in her yard. The books progress with the four girls trying to figure out the identity of \"A\" and facing many dangerous obstacles and twists as they do so. Characters The series has many characters, most of them recurring. The main characters are: Spencer Hastings: Spencer is a headstrong, intelligent, overachieving girl who comes from the wealthy Hastings family and is usually forced into winning everything. She has wavy blonde hair and often wears preppy outfits when not in Sports clothes. Hanna Marin: Hanna is the self-absorbed, popularity obsessed, strong, and fierce \"it-girl\" of the group following Alison's disappearance. She suffers from an eating disorder, about which she received taunts from Alison. She is Jewish with long dark brown hair she often dyes auburn. Aria Montgomery: Aria is a quirky and artsy girl who, at the beginning of the books, is trying to find herself. She is very tall and pale with dark black hair that she occasionally highlights. Emily Fields: Emily is considered the jock of the group, being a physical, loyal girl who struggles with her sexuality. Near the end of the series she also struggles with depression and suicidal thoughts. Emily is Catholic and described with red hair and muscular frame. Alison DiLaurentis: Alison is the former \"Queen Bee\" of her clique, consisting of Spencer, Hanna, Aria and Emily. It is later revealed that the Alison the girls thought they knew was her twin sister, Courtney. \"Real Ali\" was friends with Naomi Zeigler and Riley Wolfe up until the sixth grade, when Courtney took her place. She had supposedly been killed at the beginning of the series. However, she is revealed to have been alive and also their tormentor \"A\" as she was mistaken for her twin sister Courtney, who pretended to be her. Alison was sent to The Preserve at Addison-Stevens, a rehab facility for mentally ill patients, which", "title": "Pretty Little Liars (book series)" } ]	[ { "docid": "27047499", "text": "Pretty Little Liars is a television series which premiered on ABC Family on June 8, 2010. Developed by I. Marlene King, the series is based on the Pretty Little Liars book series by Sara Shepard. The series follows the lives of four high school girls, Aria Montgomery, Hanna Marin, Emily Fields, and Spencer Hastings, whose clique falls apart after the disappearance of their leader, Alison DiLaurentis. One year later, the estranged friends are reunited as they begin receiving messages from a mysterious figure named \"A\" who threatens to expose their deepest secrets, including ones they thought only Alison knew. After an initial order of 10 episodes, ABC Family ordered an additional 12 episodes for season one on June 28, 2010. The first season's \"summer finale\" aired on August 10, 2010, with the remaining 12 episodes began airing on January 3, 2011. On January 11, 2011, ABC Family picked up Pretty Little Liars for a second season of 24 episodes. It began airing on Tuesday, June 14, 2011. It was announced in June that a special Halloween-themed episode would air as part of ABC Family's 13 Nights of Halloween line-up. This increased the episode count from 24 to 25. On November 29, 2011, ABC Family renewed the series for a third season, consisting of 24 episodes. On October 4, 2012, ABC Family renewed the series for a fourth season, consisting of 24 episodes. On March 26, 2013, ABC Family renewed the series for a fifth season. On January 7, 2014, showrunner I. Marlene King wrote on Twitter that season 5 will have 25 episodes, including a holiday-themed episode. On June 10, 2014, it was announced that the show was renewed for an additional 2 seasons. It was announced by I. Marlene King that the sixth and the seventh season will consist of 20 episodes each. It was announced on August 29, 2016, that the show would be ending after the seventh season, and that the second half of the season would begin airing April 18, 2017. Series overview Episodes Season 1 (2010–11) Season 2 (2011–12) Season 3 (2012–13) Season 4 (2013–14) Season 5 (2014–15) Season 6 (2015–16) Season 7 (2016–17) Specials Webisodes Pretty Dirty Secrets Ratings References External links List of Pretty Little Liars episodes at TheFutoncritic.com Pretty Little Liars Weekly Recaps Lists of American mystery television series episodes Lists of American teen drama television series episodes Pretty Little Liars (franchise)", "title": "List of Pretty Little Liars episodes" }, { "docid": "1553027", "text": "Charles Davis Lowe II (born January 15, 1968) is an American actor. He is the younger brother of actor Rob Lowe. He won an Emmy Award for his supporting role in Life Goes On as a young man living with HIV. He has had recurring roles on ER, Melrose Place, and Now and Again. Lowe played Deputy White House Chief of Staff Reed Pollock on the sixth season of 24, and played Byron Montgomery on Pretty Little Liars. Early life Lowe was born in Dayton, Ohio, the son of Barbara Lynn Wilson (; 1939–2003), a teacher, and Charles Davis Lowe, a trial lawyer. His parents divorced when Lowe was young. He has an older brother, actor Rob Lowe, and two half brothers from the second marriages of his parents, the producer Micah Dyer (maternal) and Justin Lowe (paternal). Lowe was baptized into the Episcopal church. He is of German, English, Irish, Scottish, and Welsh ancestry. Lowe was raised in a \"traditional midwestern setting\" in Dayton, attending Oakwood Junior High School, before moving to the Point Dume area of Malibu, California, with his mother and brother. He attended Santa Monica High School, the same high school as fellow actors Holly Robinson Peete, Emilio Estevez, Charlie Sheen, Sean Penn, Chris Penn, and Robert Downey Jr. Career Lowe began his acting career in the 1980s when he appeared in a number of television films. Lowe co-starred with Charlie Sheen in the 1984 CBS Television drama Silence of the Heart. In 1988 he co-starred with Tommy Lee Jones and Robert Urich in the made-for-TV film April Morning, which depicted the battle of Lexington in the American Revolutionary War. Lowe played the title character in the short-lived sitcom Spencer, which he left after six episodes. From 1991 to 1993, he starred in Life Goes On, for which he received the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series in 1993. Lowe had recurring roles on Melrose Place, Popular, Now and Again, and ER, and guest-starring roles on Touched by an Angel, Superman, CSI: Miami and Medium. Lowe's feature film appearances have included roles in Nobody's Perfect, True Blood, Quiet Days in Hollywood, Floating, and Unfaithful. In 2000, he portrayed iconic singer John Denver in the television film Take Me Home. That year he also wrote and directed the short film The Audition. Lowe made his feature film directorial debut in 2007 with Beautiful Ohio. Lowe has directed episodes of Bones, Brothers and Sisters, Law & Order: Special Victims Unit, Hack, Without a Trace, and Pretty Little Liars. In April 2010, Lowe replaced Alexis Denisof as Aria's father, Byron Montgomery, in Pretty Little Liars. Personal life While filming Quiet Days in Hollywood, Lowe met actress Hilary Swank. They married on September 28, 1997. On January 9, 2006, Lowe and Swank announced their separation, and in May 2006, they announced their intention to divorce. The divorce was finalized on November 1, 2007. Swank infamously forgot to thank Lowe during her acceptance speech after winning", "title": "Chad Lowe" }, { "docid": "33993952", "text": "The third season of Pretty Little Liars, based on the books of the same name by Sara Shepard, premiered on June 5, 2012, on ABC Family and concluded on March 19, 2013. On November 29, 2011, ABC Family renewed the series for a third season, consisting of 24 episodes. On October 4, 2012, ABC Family renewed the series for a fourth season, consisting of 24 episodes. Overview The third season takes place five months following the discovery that Mona Vanderwaal (Janel Parrish) was the elusive \"A\" that had been creatively and relentlessly tormenting the four main characters, Aria Montgomery (Lucy Hale), Spencer Hastings (Troian Bellisario), Hanna Marin (Ashley Benson), and Emily Fields (Shay Mitchell) for the past year. The first half of the season addresses the issue of whether or not Garrett Reynolds (Yani Gellman) actually killed or was involved in the murder of the girls' former friend and queen bee, Alison DiLaurentis (Sasha Pieterse) and who killed Maya St. Germain (Bianca Lawson) in the season two finale, while the second half deals with the reveal that Toby Cavanaugh (Keegan Allen) is a member of the A-Team. While dealing with Maya's death Emily finds comfort with Paige McCullers (Lindsey Shaw) and the two enter a relationship. The girls see the arrival of CeCe Drake (Vanessa Ray) to Rosewood, a sister like figure to Alison. Spencer discovering the information about Toby sends her on a dark path, until Mona fakes Toby's death, which sends Spencer completely over the edge, leading to her being admitted to Radley. All this time, the girls continue to see Red Coat, a mysterious blonde in a red trench coat who is believed to be the leader of the A-Team. Mona visits Spencer at Radley and offers her the chance to join the A-Team, which Spencer, who wants answers on Toby, accepts. Spencer is released from Radley and comes home, but is unbeknownst to the girls, working with Mona/\"A\" to set up a party so that Red Coat can meet them all. As promised, Mona arranges Spencer a meeting with Toby, who is alive and well and reveals that he joined the A-Team to keep Spencer safe. Spencer and Toby then begin working on the inside to discover Red Coat's identity at the party. Red Coat flies in on a plane and Spencer and Toby go into the woods to watch her, while the girls corner Mona, as someone locks them inside the Lodge and sets it on fire. Spencer loses Red Coat in the woods, as the Lodge burns down with the girls inside. Hanna, unconscious, wakes up briefly, as she is pulled out of the Lodge by Red Coat, whom she sees as Alison DiLaurentis. Cast Main cast Troian Bellisario as Spencer Hastings Ashley Benson as Hanna Marin Tyler Blackburn as Caleb Rivers Holly Marie Combs as Ella Montgomery Lucy Hale as Aria Montgomery Ian Harding as Ezra Fitz Laura Leighton as Ashley Marin Chad Lowe as Byron Montgomery Shay Mitchell as Emily Fields Janel", "title": "Pretty Little Liars season 3" }, { "docid": "49091814", "text": "The seventh and final season of the American mystery drama television series Pretty Little Liars, based on the books of the same name by Sara Shepard, was renewed on June 10, 2014 for two additional seasons, making the show Freeform's longest running original series. The season consisted of 20 episodes, in which ten episodes aired in the summer of 2016, with the remaining ten episodes aired from April 2017. The season premiered on June 21, 2016 and ended on June 27, 2017 on Freeform. Production and filming began in the end of March 2016, which was confirmed by showrunner I. Marlene King. The season premiere was written by I. Marlene King and directed by Ron Lagomarsino. King revealed the title of the premiere on Twitter on March 17, 2016. On August 29, 2016, it was confirmed that this would be the final season of the series. Overview A.D. gives the Liars 24 hours to find Charlotte's real killer or Hanna dies. While discussing possible suspects, the girls' suspicion fell on Alison. Aria suspects the red jacket blonde she saw entering the church was Alison. Emily finds the jacket in Alison's things and Caleb gives it to A.D. Meanwhile, Hanna manages to escape. Elliot's true motive is later revealed to Alison; she managed to use his phone to alert the girls to her location when he takes her out in his car one night. She jumps out of the car and he gives chase but Hanna accidentally runs him over and they bury him in the woods. The Liars find out Jenna is calling Elliot as \"Archer\" on his burner phone. Mona then traces most of the sent messages from a secret apartment where they find out his real name is \"Archer Dunhill\". Toby discovers this and gets the cops to release Alison who reveals that she was the red jacket blonde but only tried to comfort Charlotte. Jenna befriends Sara and Noel begins helping them. Emily confronts Jenna and Sara. Jenna reveals that she became Charlotte's friend after feeling sympathy for her in Welby and helped Archer fake his identity to be with Charlotte. Sara reveals that they are all looking for the same thing but is killed soon after. A.D. tricks Hanna into believing Archer is alive and records her digging up his grave. The Liars find videos in Noel's cabin of him torturing them in the dollhouse. Hanna kidnaps Noel after negotiating with him doesn't work and films an interrogation video. He manages to escape and lures the Liars to an abandoned blind school. They leave the dollhouse videos on a table and someone takes them but Noel and Jenna attempt to murder them. In the confrontation, Noel is accidentally killed, and Spencer is shot by A.D., while Jenna corners Spencer. Jenna prepares to kill Spencer, but is knocked out by Mary. She then reveals that Spencer is her second child. A.D. saves Jenna who asks if they shot Spencer. One week later, Spencer has recovered and A.D.", "title": "Pretty Little Liars season 7" }, { "docid": "27998609", "text": "Pretty Little Liars is an American teen drama television series created by I. Marlene King for Freeform. It is based on Sara Shepard's novel series of the same name. Some of the characters appeared in the spin-off shows Pretty Dirty Secrets, Ravenswood, Pretty Little Liars: The Perfectionists and Pretty Little Liars (2022). Below is a list consisting of the many characters who have appeared throughout the original series' seven-season run. Overview - main series The following table contains an overall look on the main, recurring and guest characters. The guest characters, marked in blue, have appeared in one or two episodes per season they are denoted. The recurring characters, marked in red, have appeared in three or more episodes in the season they are denoted. The main characters, marked in green, are those whose portrayer has had received ensemble cast billing in at least one episode in the season they are denoted. Notes Main characters The following list features characters that are considered fundamental to the series' storylines, consisting of the central group deemed as \"the Liars\" and the main antagonist \"A.\" Spencer Hastings Considered the \"de facto leader\" of the group, Spencer Hastings, portrayed by Troian Bellisario, is intelligent, extremely ambitious, and strives for perfection in everything she does in an attempt to live up to the high expectations of her parents. Spencer's biggest rival is her older sister, Melissa, and the two are constantly fighting over something. Their relationship is often strained by the fact that Spencer has a habit of crushing on Melissa's boyfriends. In the first season, she begins a relationship with fellow student and strained Rosewood student Toby Cavanaugh. Throughout the series, Spencer is revealed to be the biological daughter of Mary Drake and the sister of Charlotte Drake. Aria Montgomery Considered the \"alternative\" one of the group, Aria Montgomery, portrayed by Lucy Hale, is more outgoing in fashion and what she sees as acceptable behavior. She moves back to Rosewood with her family after living in Iceland for a year. Before Alison's death, she and Alison discovered that Aria's father was having an affair with one of his former students, Meredith, who became his coworker at Hollis College. Alison encourages Aria to tell her mother the truth, but instead, Aria reluctantly agrees to keep her father's secret. On top of that, she finds herself involved with her high school English teacher, Ezra Fitz, after making out with him in a pub bathroom and discovering he was her English teacher on the first day of school. Hanna Marin Pretty and fierce, Hanna Marin, portrayed by Ashley Benson, is the diva and \"it girl\" of the group, having taken Alison's place as the most popular girl at Rosewood High. Prior to Alison's death, Hanna suffered from bulimia, which Alison frequently teased her over. Since her parents divorced, Hanna permanently lives with her mother. She feels betrayed by her father, who has remarried, and she does not get along well with his new wife and daughter. When", "title": "List of Pretty Little Liars characters" }, { "docid": "157755", "text": "The Fermat primality test is a probabilistic test to determine whether a number is a probable prime. Concept Fermat's little theorem states that if p is prime and a is not divisible by p, then If one wants to test whether p is prime, then we can pick random integers a not divisible by p and see whether the congruence holds. If it does not hold for a value of a, then p is composite. This congruence is unlikely to hold for a random a if p is composite. Therefore, if the equality does hold for one or more values of a, then we say that p is probably prime. However, note that the above congruence holds trivially for , because the congruence relation is compatible with exponentiation. It also holds trivially for if p is odd, for the same reason. That is why one usually chooses a random a in the interval . Any a such that when n is composite is known as a Fermat liar. In this case n is called Fermat pseudoprime to base a. If we do pick an a such that then a is known as a Fermat witness for the compositeness of n. Example Suppose we wish to determine whether n = 221 is prime. Randomly pick 1 < a < 220, say a = 38. We check the above congruence and find that it holds: Either 221 is prime, or 38 is a Fermat liar, so we take another a, say 24: So 221 is composite and 38 was indeed a Fermat liar. Furthermore, 24 is a Fermat witness for the compositeness of 221. Algorithm The algorithm can be written as follows: Inputs: n: a value to test for primality, n>3; k: a parameter that determines the number of times to test for primality Output: composite if n is composite, otherwise probably prime Repeat k times: Pick a randomly in the range [2, n − 2] If , then return composite If composite is never returned: return probably prime The a values 1 and n-1 are not used as the equality holds for all n and all odd n respectively, hence testing them adds no value. Complexity Using fast algorithms for modular exponentiation and multiprecision multiplication, the running time of this algorithm is , where k is the number of times we test a random a, and n is the value we want to test for primality; see Miller–Rabin primality test for details. Flaw There are infinitely many Fermat pseudoprimes to any given basis a > 1. Even worse, there are infinitely many Carmichael numbers. These are numbers for which all values of with are Fermat liars. For these numbers, repeated application of the Fermat primality test performs the same as a simple random search for factors. While Carmichael numbers are substantially rarer than prime numbers (Erdös' upper bound for the number of Carmichael numbers is lower than the prime number function n/log(n)) there are enough of them that Fermat's primality test", "title": "Fermat primality test" }, { "docid": "37453226", "text": "Pretty Dirty Secrets is an American mystery web series from the television series Pretty Little Liars. The web series is part of the Pretty Little Liars franchise and takes place between the events of the series' third season episodes, \"The Lady Killer\" and \"This Is a Dark Ride\". Set in the Rosewood Halloween Spooktacular Store, as the visitors of Rosewood prepared for Halloween. Production The web series was written by Kyle Bown & Kim Turrisi and directed by Arthur Anderson. Kyle Bown, the assistant to Pretty Little Liars showrunner I. Marlene King, and Kim Turrisi, who is not part of the writing staff, were hired to write the web series by ABC Family, however the crew behind Pretty Little Liars was also used with the web series. The web series introduced Aeriél Miranda as Shana in the television series. None of the series regulars from Pretty Little Liars appears in the web series. Release The episodes would become available each Tuesday on ABC Family's website from August 28, 2012, after the summer finale of the third season, as a way to tide viewers over until the Halloween special. The eighth and final episode was released on October 16, 2012. Cast and characters Cast members from Pretty Little Liars appearing in the web series: Aeriél Miranda as Shana Fring (5 episodes) Drew Van Acker as Jason DiLaurentis (Episode: \"A Reunion\") Vanessa Ray as CeCe Drake (Episode: \"A Reunion\") Brant Daugherty as Noel Kahn (Episode: \"I'm a Free Man\") Yani Gellman as Garrett Reynolds (Episode: \"I'm a Free Man\") Brendan Robinson as Lucas Gottesman (Episode: \"Trade Off\") Episodes {\| class=\"wikitable plainrowheaders\" style=\"margin: auto; width: 100%\" \|- !! style=\"background:#013220; color:#fff; text-align:center; width:5%;\"\|No. !! style=\"background:#013220; color:#fff; text-align:center; width:30%;\"\|Title !! style=\"background:#013220; color:#fff; text-align:center; width:20%;\"\|Directed by !! style=\"background:#013220; color:#fff; text-align:center; width:20%;\"\|Written by !! style=\"background:#013220; color:#fff; text-align:center; width:20%;\"\|Original release date \|} References External links 2012 web series debuts 2012 web series endings Mystery web series Pretty Little Liars (franchise) American drama web series Interquel television series Television series by Alloy Entertainment Television series by Warner Horizon Television", "title": "Pretty Dirty Secrets" }, { "docid": "51165125", "text": "\"Along Comes Mary\" is the fifth episode of the seventh season of the American mystery drama television series Pretty Little Liars, which aired on July 16, 2016, on the cable network Freeform. The hundred and forty-fifth episode on the series, it was directed by Norman Buckley and written by Bryan M. Holdman. The episode received a Nielsen rating of 0.6 and was viewed by 1.17 million viewers. It received mixed to positive reviews from critics. The series focuses on a group of five women, collectively known as Liars, whose receive anonymous messages in form of threats from an unknown person, while they struggle to survive a life with danger. In this episode, the girls come together to find out who is the partner of the deceased Elliott Rollins — or Archer Dunhill. Aria (Lucy Hale) and Ezra's (Ian Harding) relationship takes a new step, and the same happens with Emily (Shay Mitchell) and Sabrina (Lulu Brud). Meanwhile, Spencer (Troian Bellisario) teams up with Hanna (Ashley Benson) to find out where Caleb is, and Jenna (Tammin Sursok) befriends Sara (Dre Davis), putting them on the top of the list of suspects. An old inhabitant returns to Rosewood. Plot summary Alison (Sasha Pieterse) comes home and meets Aria (Lucy Hale) waiting in her garden. Aria learns that Mary (Andrea Parker) is Alison's supervisor while she is not on the care of the psychiatric hospital. Inside the house, Mary reveals that Elliott contacted her when she was London, and he reported that Charlotte had been murdered. When confronted by Alison for letting Elliott torture her, Mary says she was vulnerable, but she did not know his real intentions. Emily (Shay Mitchell) wakes up after a night of conversation with Sabrina (Lulu Brud), and ends up realizing that she's delayed for a test. Ezra (Ian Harding) returns after a trip, and reveals to Aria that he visited the parents of the deceased Nicole in New York, and he allege that they're happy to see Ezra moving on. Emily loses the opportunity to take the exam. Hanna (Ashley Benson) and Spencer discovers that the police found out Elliott's car. The girls learn that Elliott knew that Alison didn't killed Charlotte, and that he was taking Alison to somewhere else in the night he was run over. Emily, Aria and Alison discuss on a burner apartment that Elliott had; then, Alison discovers that all her money is gone. Aria finds Ezra's cellphone ringing, and she answers a call from Nicole. Across the line, a Jamaican music is playing, insinuating that someone is with Nicole's cell. Aria decides to delete the calling from the log. While preparing a type of drink, Emily receives a message, which alleges that she scored 92% in the exam. Sequentially, a message from \"A.D.\" is received, revealing that he took the exam for Emily. Spencer reveals to Hanna that Caleb is missing, and Hanna gives her some hints of where he could possible be. They found out that Jenna is still in", "title": "Along Comes Mary (Pretty Little Liars)" }, { "docid": "47675045", "text": "Sara Harvey is a fictional character in the Freeform television series adaptation of the Pretty Little Liars book series. She is portrayed by model Dre Davis. Sara is introduced as a false protagonist, only to be exposed as \"Big A's\" ally during \"Game Over, Charles\". Sara is murdered in \"Wanted: Dead or Alive\" by an unknown assailant and found dead in her hotel room's bathtub by a cleaner. Sara's killer was revealed to be Noel Kahn during \"These Boots Were Made for Stalking\". Casting Prior to her introduction in Season 6, Sara was previously portrayed by stunt double CC Mason during her scene in the Black Widow costume, as well as by Sasha Pieterse for her scenes as Red Coat in the third-season finale. An unnamed stock photo woman was used for the photographs of Sara in the fourth season. On March 25, 2015, it was announced that Project Runway alum Dre Davis was cast as Kimberly Brown, the false casting name created to conceal Sara's true identity. The actress originally posted a photo of herself wearing a yellow top similar to the one Ali and Bethany were wearing the night of Bethany's death, causing amongst critics and Pretty Little Liars fans alike speculation that she could be portraying Bethany. In an interview with AfterEllen.com, Davis revealed she had to audition with two scenes—with one of them being a kissing scene leading to speculation that she'd be a romantic interest for Emily Fields, as the other Liars currently had love interests at the time. Development Characterization and introduction The character was first mentioned in \"Who's In The Box?\", when Hanna Marin is searching for girls who, not only looked similar to Alison DiLaurentis, but also went missing around the same time. In the same episode, Hanna and Emily Fields meet up with Sara's former friends, Claire and Tina. Marin and Field pose them questions in an attempt to learn more about Harvey's past. Claire has mixed feelings about Sara, and is envious of Alison's presumed death. She further confesses to have wished for Harvey's death prior to her disappearance. During the sixth season premiere, \"Game On, Charles\", Sara makes her first physical appearance at Charlotte Drake's Dollhouse, having allegedly been there for two years. Personality Before \"A\" abducted Sara to an underground bunker, she was described by her entourage of friends as a toxic presence in their lives. While being held in captivity, she became somewhat vulnerable. Harvey also displays fear of being touched by anyone as seen in \"Songs of Experience\" when Emily reaches out to comfort her and Sara shies away in response. After moving in to the Fields household, Harvey is seen to be less afraid and more open to social interactions with other people. She's also more playful as evidenced by her agreeing to have a night swim with Emily in the community pool as well as her suggestion to get tattoos. In \"Game Over, Charles, it is revealed that Sara had been working all along", "title": "Sara Harvey (Pretty Little Liars)" }, { "docid": "38929035", "text": "{{Infobox television \| image = Ravenswood logo.png \| genre = \| creator = \| developer = \| starring = \| executive_producer = \| producer = Nelson Soler \| cinematography = \| opentheme = \| composer = \| country = United States \| language = English \| camera = \| runtime = 42 minutes \| company = \| channel = ABC Family \| first_aired = \| last_aired = \| num_seasons = 1 \| num_episodes = 10 \| list_episodes = \| related = Pretty Little Liars franchise }}Ravenswood is an American supernatural teen drama mystery-thriller television series created by I. Marlene King, Oliver Goldstick and Joseph Dougherty. The show premiered on ABC Family on October 22, 2013 and ended on February 4, 2014. It is the first spin-off series of Pretty Little Liars and the second series in the Pretty Little Liars franchise. On February 14, 2014, Ravenswood was canceled by the network, due to low ratings after one season. Plot Set in the fictional town of Ravenswood, Pennsylvania, the series follows five strangers whose lives become intertwined by a deadly curse that has plagued their town for generations. They have to dig into the town's dark past to solve the mysterious curse. Cast and characters Main Nicole Gale Anderson as / : Miranda meets Caleb on a bus to Ravenswood where she is going to find her uncle, Raymond Collins, her last remaining relative. Walking into her uncle's house, she helps Hanna escape, not knowing that she is Caleb's girlfriend. Miranda also finds a tombstone with her name and picture on it. Anderson also played the original version of Miranda in the 1910s, from the series' flashback scenes. Tyler Blackburn as / : Caleb meets Miranda on the bus to Ravenswood where he's going to help his girlfriend, Hanna Marin. After Hanna meets Miranda and hears her story, she asks Caleb to stay in Ravenswood to help Miranda. Caleb finds a tombstone bearing his name and picture in the town cemetery and vows to stay until he figures out what it means. Blackburn also played the original version of Caleb in the 1910s, from the series' flashback scenes. Steven Cabral as : Miranda's uncle who runs a funeral home. He sent Miranda into foster care when her parents died over 10 years ago. Miranda comes to Ravenswood to find him. Brett Dier as : Olivia's twin brother and Remy's boyfriend. Luke doesn't trust his twin sister's friends, and vows to protect both his mother and sister as the man of their family. Britne Oldford as : An employee at the Ravenswood Gazette, the town newspaper, where her father is the editor-in-chief, who helps Caleb find the death record of his look-alike. Remy is Luke's girlfriend and is the first to form a theory about the curse. Merritt Patterson as : Luke's twin sister. Olivia is more out in the open than her brother. She cares about what people think of her mother, but that doesn't stop her from living her life.", "title": "Ravenswood (TV series)" }, { "docid": "1663064", "text": "Lindsey Shaw (born May 10, 1989) is an American actress. She is known for playing Jennifer \"Moze\" Mosely on the Nickelodeon series Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide. She also co-starred in the 2007 CW sitcom Aliens in America, and was the lead on ABC Family's 2009 comedy series 10 Things I Hate About You. From 2011 to 2017, she played the recurring role of Paige McCullers on the ABC Family teen drama series Pretty Little Liars. Career Shaw portrayed Jennifer Ann \"Moze\" Mosely on the Nickelodeon series Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide, which debuted in 2004 and ended in 2007 after three seasons. She dated her co-star Devon Werkheiser briefly. After the show ended, the sitcom Aliens in America debuted on The CW, where Shaw played the character Claire. Aliens in America was cancelled after one season, lasting only eighteen episodes. Shaw played the lead role of Kat Stratford in 10 Things I Hate About You. The show lasted one season of twenty episodes. She briefly appeared in Nickelback's \"Rockstar\" music video. Shaw was the 2010 Azalea Queen at the Azalea Festival in Wilmington, North Carolina. She starred as Trip alongside Andy Serkis in Ninja Theory's videogame Enslaved: Odyssey to the West, released in October 2010. In 2011, she landed the recurring role of Paige McCullers, Emily's girlfriend on Pretty Little Liars. Also in 2011, Shaw appeared as Lisa in the ABC Family original film Teen Spirit. The following year, Shaw starred in the film 16-Love as Ally Mash, a hard-working tennis player who learns to loosen up with the help of a carefree male tennis player. She appeared as June in five episodes of the third and final season of the ABC sitcom Suburgatory. Shaw joined the cast of Faking It in 2015 as Michael J. Willett's character Shane Harvey's sister, Sasha Harvey, who served as a love interest for Gregg Sulkin's character Liam Booker. In February 2023, Shaw started a Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide rewatch podcast called Ned's Declassified Podcast Survival Guide with co-stars Devon Werkheiser and Daniel Curtis Lee under the network PodCo. Personal life Shaw grew up in Lincoln, Nebraska and attended St. Peter Catholic School. She and her mother moved to Los Angeles when she was 13 to pursue an acting career. Shaw was in a relationship with her co-star Devon Werkheiser, during the last few months of filming Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide, and afterwards for over a year. On an episode of the Ned’s Declassified Podcast Survival Guide podcast in July 2023, Shaw revealed that during the fifth season of Pretty Little Liars she was let go due to an Adderall addiction and \"relationship with food\". Filmography Video game Awards and nominations References External links 1989 births 21st-century American actresses Actresses from Nebraska American child actresses American film actresses American television actresses Living people Nickelodeon people Actors from Lincoln, Nebraska Musicians from Lincoln, Nebraska", "title": "Lindsey Shaw" }, { "docid": "30038015", "text": "Lesley Fera (born November 23, 1971) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Veronica Hastings on the ABC Family series Pretty Little Liars. Fera also had a recurring roles in 24, CSI: Miami and Southland, as well as performing in a number of theater productions. She launched a podcast to discuss Pretty Little Liars in 2020. Biography A native Californian, Lesley is a lover of the stage, she is very active in L.A. theatre and has also enjoyed working at numerous regional theaters. She portrayed Veronica Hastings on Pretty Little Liars from 2010 to 2017. Filmography Film Television Stage References External links 20th-century American actresses 21st-century American actresses American film actresses American stage actresses American television actresses Living people Place of birth missing (living people) 1971 births", "title": "Lesley Fera" }, { "docid": "52742824", "text": "\"Unmasked\" is the season finale and the twenty-fifth episode of the second season of Pretty Little Liars, which premiered on ABC Family on March 19, 2012. The forty-seventh episode overall, it was directed by Lesli Linka Glatter and written by series creator and showrunner I. Marlene King. The episode yielded 3.69 million viewers and a 1.6 demo rating, an increase from the previous episode. It received widespread acclaim from critics, with many noting the satisfying reveal and climactic final scenes, and is often noted as one of the best episodes of the series. In particular, the performances of Janel Parrish and Shay Mitchell received critical praise. Set chronologically in April 2011, the episode revolves around the Liars approaching to the truth of who's behind \"A\"'s mask, while the identity of the stalker shocks the girls and a dead body is found. Plot Local news report that Officer Garrett Reynolds was arrested for Alison DiLaurentis' murder. Rosewood P.D.'s theory is that Reynolds joined the police to destroy evidence which linked him to the crime scene. Spencer, Hanna, Aria and Emily watch the program as the narrator reveals that the page five of Alison's autopsy was founded; Spencer then tells the girls that Jenna is the one who delivered the paper to the P.D. Hanna notes that two members of the N.A.T. Club are still out there: Melissa and Jenna. Melissa then suddenly appears and says she knew all along that Ian hadn't killed Alison. She states that she know who Jenna got blind, just like Garrett do, and that this could be why he murdered Alison. Melissa leaves with Aria's ice cream, as they receive a message from \"A\" and invitations for the Masquerade Ball. The girls discuss outside the school about how smart and untrustworthy Melissa is. Mona approaches, wanting to go with them to a little shop to buy costumes, but they dodge her. At Ezra's apartment, they rummage Alison's bag and discover about the Lost Woods Resort, the connection between the clues they found lately. That evening, they drive to Lost Woods, where they meet the innkeeper and rent the Room 1. Spencer sings their entry as Mary Smith. Emily gets a call from Maya and leaves the room in order to catch a better signal. Spencer and Aria sneak into the reception to read the guestbook; they discover that Alison has checked in twice as Vivian Darkbloom. \"A\" enters the room and Hanna almost sees him/her. The next morning, Spencer and Aria returns the guestbook, and they decide to leave, as \"A\" watches them through a peep hole. Back in town, Spencer apologizes with Toby, but he refuses to talk about Jenna. As Spencer leaves, he receives a call from Dr. Sullivan. Meanwhile, Jenna meets with an unknown person, where it is revealed that she can see. At the masquerade, they split to investigate \"A\" separately. Mona reveals to Spencer that before Ali's disappearance she saw Ali dressed strangely and spying on someone at a vintage shop", "title": "Unmasked (Pretty Little Liars)" }, { "docid": "51742737", "text": "Did You Miss Me? may refer to: \"Did You Miss Me?\" (song), a cover of \"Hello, Hello, I'm Back Again\" \"Did You Miss Me?\" (Pretty Little Liars), an episode of the TV series Pretty Little Liars", "title": "Did You Miss Me?" }, { "docid": "49643152", "text": "Red Coat is a fictional character on the television show Pretty Little Liars, which was adapted from the book series of same name. Introduced during the second-season finale, she became the primary antagonist of the third and fourth seasons. In Season 4, it is revealed there are 2 active Red Coat's, one being CeCe Drake, the other being Alison DiLaurentis. In Season 6, it is revealed there is a third red coat, this one being Sara Harvey. Background In the second-season finale \"Unmasked\", the first \"A\" is revealed to be Mona Vanderwaal, who wanted revenge on the Liars for not preventing Alison's bullying and slowly distancing Hanna away from her. During a fight with Spencer, Mona ends up falling off a cliff and is then found by the authorities and admitted to the Radley Sanitarium, a local psychiatric hospital. During the final scene of the episode, a nurse comes in to alert Mona that she has a visitor and someone walks inside her room in what it looks like a red trench coat, appearing to be the same one worn by Alison DiLaurentis in her Vivian Darkbloom disguise. Mona proceeds to tell the unseen visitor that she did everything they asked her to. In the third season, we see Red Coat (CeCe) purchasing hoodies for the team she is building, and later the Liars begin catching glimpses of her. Hanna sees the mysterious figure watching her outside a boutique (Alison), Emily remembers her in a flashback to the night she and Mona kidnapped her (CeCe), Spencer notices her on a date with Wren (Sara) and Aria catches her at a morgue (CeCe). All four girls see two specific details in regards to her physical features: a red trench coat with blonde curly hair hanging out. Emily suspects that Red Coat is the one in charge of the \"A-Team\" and they hatch a plan to catch her. Spencer having joined the \"A-Team\" at the time to look for clues on Toby, who was briefly on the team before inexplicably disappearing, finds out that he is alive and a double agent who intends to help the girls. Spencer gives Mona and Red Coat the idea to throw a party at the Thornhill Lodge, where Red Coat can meet the girls in person. Mona and Red Coat agree with the idea. Red Coat (Sara) flies in on a plane and Toby and Spencer go outside to catch her. As the other Liars corner Mona inside, someone sets fire to the lodge. Toby goes to follow a flashlight in the woods and Spencer follows Red Coat, who gets off the plane and heads into the woods. Aria, Emily, Hanna and Mona fall unconscious due to the flames and smoke, but Hanna is pulled out by Red Coat and she looks up to see Alison DiLaurentis. As the girls all gather outside, Mona says she also saw Alison and Spencer believes she did too. However, Mona proceeds to admit that she doesn't know the accurate", "title": "Red Coat (Pretty Little Liars)" }, { "docid": "52130621", "text": "\"The DArkest Knight\" is tenth episode of the seventh season of the American mystery–thriller television series Pretty Little Liars. The installment was directed by Arlene Sanford and written by showrunner I. Marlene King and executive producer Maya Goldsmith. It premiered on August 30, 2016, on the cable network Freeform. Plot Spencer calls 911 to report Hanna's abduction. At the same time, Hanna uses a knife to get some of Noel's blood to send to a DNA lab. Aria, Alison, Emily, Mona, Caleb and Spencer team up with the Rosewood P.D. to find Hanna. Detective Furey leads the investigation and promises to Spencer to find both Hanna and Noel, as Spencer kisses him on the cheek, resulting in an awkward-yet-great situation. Mona and Caleb investigate Jenna, and discover she doesn't know where either Hanna nor Noel are. Mona receives a call from Hanna and secretly leaves to assist her friend. Mona convinces Hanna to return home. Afterwards, Hanna and Caleb argue about her actions and the two end up having sex. Alison reveals to Emily that she's pregnant with Archer's baby, and they kiss. Mona threatens Jenna, stating she should get out of Rosewood. Aria looks forward to Ezra, but a newscast reveals that Nicole was found alive and, through the television, Aria sees Ezra and Nicole kissing. The next morning, Spencer visits Toby to say goodbye, and the two end up kissing. Paige accuses Emily of being Alison's \"puppet,\" though she did not know about the hookup or the pregnancy. Hanna is shocked when she discovers that Noel is not Mary Drake's second child, and reveals to her friends what she really had been up to. The Liars manage to distract the guards and drive to where Hanna kept Noel hostage only to find that he escaped. They find a text with an address and a 10 p.m. meeting time, stating they would swap the USB for the camera with which Hanna filmed herself torturing Noel earlier. At the same time, Mona and Caleb stalk Jenna, but end up finding out that Sydney was disguised as Jenna. The Liars arrive at the address of the text, which lead the Liars into an abandoned school for the blind where Jenna, armed with a gun, attempts to murder the Liars with Noel. However, Noel, while attacking Hanna and Emily, trips on his axe and accidentally kills himself via decapitation. Jenna then shoots at the Liars, as they run, but get separated from Spencer, who is shot. Before Jenna could cause more damage, she is taken down by Mary Drake and pulled away by \"A.D.\" unseen. Mary then reveals that she is Spencer's biological mother. Meanwhile, scenes reveal that, while leaving town, Toby's car crashed into a tree, leaving Yvonne's and his fate unknown. At the end, \"A.D.\" places Jenna in their van and gives her her glasses back. She questions who they are and if they shot Spencer. \"A.D.\" gives Jenna their mask, which she feels. She realizes she is with \"A.D.\",", "title": "The DArkest Knight (Pretty Little Liars)" }, { "docid": "53845254", "text": "\"Playtime\" is the eleventh episode of Pretty Little Liars seventh season and the 151st episode overall. It first aired on the Freeform network in the United States on April 18, 2017. The installment was directed by Chad Lowe and written by Allyson Nelson and Joseph Dougherty. Upon its original airing in the United States, the episode was watched by 1.33 million people. In the aftermath of Spencer's (Troian Bellisario) shooting, things get messy in the Hastings residence when Veronica (Lesley Fera) reveals things about the family's past. Meanwhile, the Liars struggle with their own personal problems, and with \"A.D.\", who has decided to play the final game. Plot Spencer (Troian Bellisario) is rescued by paramedics, and during a quick question session, she gets stunned, not knowing which surname to use, Hastings or Drake. At the hospital, the Liars find out that Toby (Keegan Allen) suffered an accident and is in the same hospital, while they begin to suspect that \"A.D.\" is gone since Noel died. It is revealed through the Liars' conversation that Mary ran away after she revealed that she is Spencer's biological mother. One week later, Toby reveals to Aria (Lucy Hale) that Yvonne is under induced coma, and Aria says Spencer is home safe and sound after the shooting. Meanwhile, Spencer looks for Mary in the Lost Woods Resort, but is unsuccessful. Aria packs to leave Ezra's (Ian Harding) apartment, but he suddenly appears, not letting her go. Hanna (Ashley Benson) and Caleb (Tyler Blackburn) wake up and decide to track down Jenna (Tammin Sursok), while Caleb promises to never lose Hanna from sight again. Emily (Shay Mitchell) and Paige (Lindsey Shaw) are introduced to Rosewood High's staff as swimming coach and athletic department supervisor, respectively. Paige leaves and Alison (Sasha Pieterse) comes in the room, revealing to Emily that she went to a doctor and she is indeed pregnant with Archer's child. Alison finds herself in a jeopardy when she discovers that Paige is a supervisor. Ezra reveals to Aria that he hasn't talked to Nicole about their wedding, while Mona (Janel Parrish) helps Hanna get back into the fashion business by showing Hanna's work to Katherine Daly (Emma Dumont), Senator Daly's daughter. However, Hanna argues with Mona when Katherine assumes that Mona is Hanna's boss. Alison and Emily discuss Alison's jealousy towards Paige. Ultimately, Alison verbally fights with Paige during a school staff reunion, leaving things awkward. While visiting a possible buffet for Aria and Ezra's marriage, Hanna and Aria run into Holden (Shane Coffey), Aria's long-time friend. Aria discovers that he is now a chef, among other skills, and they end up catching up on their lives. \"A.D.\" delivers an interactive board game which shows notable places of Rosewood and figurines of the Liars. They decide not to play the stalker's game, but Spencer secretly moves forward with the game. Veronica (Lesley Fera) returns home and reveals to Spencer that Peter slept with Mary Drake years ago thinking she was Jessica, resulting in a", "title": "Playtime (Pretty Little Liars)" }, { "docid": "75399774", "text": "Kara Mae Royster (born October 5, 1993) is an American actress who holds dual American and Canadian citizenship. She is best known for portraying Yvonne Phillips in Pretty Little Liars, Abby Martin in K.C. Undercover, and Eva in the Dynasty reboot. Early life Royster was born and raised in Palm Beach Gardens, Florida. Her father, former professional baseball player Jerry Royster, is Black, and her mother is white with French Canadian and Irish ancestry. Royster was inspired to get into acting by her older sister, Kristie, who would practice monologues in front of her. Royster took acting classes at Bak Middle School of the Arts and Dreyfoos High School of the Arts in West Palm Beach, Florida. At the age of 15, she convinced her parents to move to Los Angeles, California where she attended Los Angeles County High School for the Arts and majored in theatre. In addition to acting, Royster developed an interest in makeup and was the head makeup artist for her high school's theatre department. Career Royster's early credits include Faking It on MTV, Liv and Maddie on Disney Channel, and Scream Queens on Fox, in which she had a minor role in one episode. On December 23, 2015, it was announced that Royster was cast in Pretty Little Liars as Yvonne Phillips, the mystery woman Toby Cavanaugh (Keegan Allen) met before the five-year time jump. She was originally slated to appear in three episodes of the back-half of season six. Royster appeared as Yvonne in four episodes of season seven. Her final episode aired on May 2, 2017, titled \"Hold Your Piece\". In 2016, while filming Pretty Little Liars, Royster made her feature film debut in Mono. She portrayed Christina Madison, the \"queen bee, mean girl\" of the group. That same year, she landed roles in multiple episodes of K.C. Undercover and Supernatural. In an interview with Hush Hush Buzz, Royster revealed, \"I had heard of K.C. Undercover before it came out, while I was filming Liv and Maddie, and dropped some hints to the casting director that I really wanted to be a part of the show and get the chance to work with Zendaya.\" In 2017, Royster booked a recurring role on The Fosters, Dawn, a flirtatious student who causes jealousy between Callie (Maia Mitchell) and AJ (Tom Williamson). She then starred in the short-lived YouTube Red series, Youth & Consequences, in 2018. It was announced in 2019 that Royster signed on to star in Instafame, a social media thriller, directed by Nick Everhart. In 2020, she starred in the female buddy road comedy-drama film, Unpregnant, and she recurred in the CBS sitcom, God Friended Me. She was also announced to star in Don't Log Off, a comedy-thriller set entirely during the early days of the COVID-19 quarantine; however, the film was never released. On May 4, 2021, it was announced that Royster was cast in the Dynasty reboot, as Eva, a recurring role officially described as the \"newest assistant and protégé\" of", "title": "Kara Royster" }, { "docid": "31262738", "text": "The second season of Pretty Little Liars, based on the books of the same name by Sara Shepard, premiered on June 14, 2011, and concluded on March 19, 2012, on ABC Family. On January 10, 2011, ABC Family renewed the series for a second season. The season premiere brought in 3.68 million viewers, which was higher than the season 1 premiere. The Halloween special aired on October 19, 2011, drawing 2.5 million total viewers. The second half of season 2 premiered on January 2, 2012. The second season of Pretty Little Liars received critical praise from critics, particularly for its complex storylines, mysterious and thrilling atmosphere, characters, and the Halloween special episode. In subsequent years, it has been hailed by fans as the best season of the series. In particular, the finale received widespread acclaim, with many highlighting the satisfying 'A' reveal, the motivations of Mona Vanderwaal, and the poignant final scene surrounding Maya and Emily's relationship. Janel Parrish received universal acclaim for her performance as Mona Vanderwaal in this episode and across the entire season and won the Teen Choice Award for Choice TV Villain. Parrish was subsequently upgraded to the starring cast after this season. Overview Picking up the night Ian Thomas's body disappears, Spencer, Aria, Hanna, and Emily are painted as liars by the news and police. The girls' parents request they see a therapist, Dr. Anne Sullivan. They initially refuse, and after a tense therapy session, their parents ask that the girls end their friendships with one another. This creates much tension, as the girls are forced to meet in secret. Spencer reveals that Ian may still be alive, suspecting Melissa to be hiding him somewhere. With the help of Melissa's ex-fiancé Wren, the girls follow them out to an old silo, where Ian's body is discovered, along with a suicide note. Emily later realizes that the note is composed of various messages from \"A\" and that \"A\" planted the note to make them think Ian had murdered Alison. Armed with this revelation, the girls begin investigating other potential suspects, such as Alison's older brother Jason, who has moved back to town, as well as Jenna Marshall. They later cut ties with Garrett Reynolds after learning of his romantic relationship with Jenna, who Ali had accidentally blinded in a prank gone wrong. The girls confess to Dr. Sullivan that they are being tortured by \"A\", allowing Dr. Sullivan to piece together the blackmailer's identity. However, before Dr. Sullivan can inform the girls of who \"A\" is, she disappears. \"A\" forces the girls to do various tasks throughout Hanna's father's wedding day, such as forcing Aria to blackmail Ezra's former fiancé with a plagiarized college paper and sabotaging Hanna's father's wedding. Spencer is also forced to end her relationship with Toby Cavanaugh to keep him safe from \"A's\" wrath. Emily is lured out to an old barn, where she is trapped by \"A\" who attempts to kill her using carbon monoxide poisoning. However, someone rescues her, and", "title": "Pretty Little Liars season 2" }, { "docid": "28403035", "text": "Spencer Jill Hastings is a fictional character, one of the five main characters who appear in the Pretty Little Liars novel series and its Freeform television adaptation. Created by American author Sara Shepard, she is a member of the group known as the Liars, and is best friend to the four other members, who are protagonists of the story. Portrayed by Troian Bellisario, the character was developed for television by the series' showrunner I. Marlene King and appeared in each of the show's 160 episodes during its seven-years-long run, from its premiere on June 8, 2010, to its finale on June 27, 2017. Spencer is known in the fictional town of Rosewood for her sophisticated charm, intelligence, hardheadedness, and, at times, dangerous dedication to achieve her life goals. She is part of the very wealthy, powerful Hastings family; Spencer's parents, Veronica and Peter, are both linked to politics and her sister, Melissa is an almost-equally accomplished grad student. For her role as Spencer, Bellisario was nominated thrice for Choice Summer TV Star: Female (winning once) and twice for Choice TV Actress: Drama (winning once) in the Teen Choice Awards. Character in print Spencer is one of four primary protagonists in all sixteen of the Pretty Little Liars novels, starting with 2006's Pretty Little Liars. She is portrayed as a competitive girl who strives for perfection in everything she does. Spencer is willing to do whatever it takes to win, often to the detriment of herself and others. She is known to have a dark side and suffers from rage-induced black outs, which leads her to question whether she had anything to do with the death of her friend Alison. She also exhibits symptoms of OCD but it is never confirmed whether she has the disorder. In later books, Spencer is briefly addicted to drugs, which she takes to help her improve her grades at a University of Pennsylvania summer school. It is also revealed that her father had an affair with Jessica DiLaurentis around the time of Spencer's conception, making her the half-sister of Alison and Courtney DiLaurentis. Spencer has an ongoing rivalry with her older sister, Melissa, who is equally competitive. The two slowly come to an understanding and eventually have an improved relationship. Relationships Ian Thomas: Spencer and Ian kissed while he was dating Melissa and their flirtation was condemned by Alison, who threatened to expose it to Melissa. Wren Kim: Wren is Melissa's fiancé who moves into the Hastings' barn with Melissa. He and Spencer flirt, culminating in them kissing and being caught by Melissa, who breaks up with Wren and kicks him out. Spencer and Wren continue to secretly date, but eventually break up. In the final book, Spencer reconnects with Wren and they begin a relationship, with Melissa's blessing. Colin DeSoto: A handsome young man that Spencer and Melissa meet with they are visiting their grandparents in the companion novel Pretty Little Secrets. Spencer and Melissa compete for his affections but when they find out", "title": "Spencer Hastings" }, { "docid": "28393493", "text": "Christian Joseph \"Chris\" Arena is an American singer-songwriter and producer whose work can be seen across television networks such as ABC, ABC Family, CBS, The CW and others as well as feature films. Arena was nominated for a 2016 Emmy Award for 'Outstanding Original Song in Daytime Drama' for his song 'Dreams' written for ABC's \"General Hospital\". Most recently, Arena's work can be seen on \"Catfish\" and \"Scream\" on MTV. Other tracks, \"Baby Fish\", \"Yes It Do\", \"Train\", \"City Inside Me\", and \"Closed Window\" were featured in Season 4 of ABC's Pretty Little Liars. His song \"Dreams\" was used as a theme song on ABC's General Hospital in January 2015 as well as his latest song \"Nothing's Gonna Stop Us\", which was featured in TV Land's Younger in April 2015. His song \"For You\" was also picked for the romantic comedy/feature film, This Thing With Sarah. Music on television Arena's music has been featured on Pretty Little Liars, Ravenswood, General Hospital, and Younger, as follows: Biography Born into a music-oriented family, Arena was taught at a young age to play guitar by his father, an airline pilot who also grew up playing. Arena's grandfather played guitar as a jazz musician in New York City in the 1950s where he purchased what became a very rare 1959 Gibson Les Paul Standard Guitar. The guitar was passed down to Arena's father, who gave it to Chris in high school under the condition that he pursues music as a career. Many of Arena's tracks have been created using that same guitar. In 2005, Arena moved from New Jersey to Memphis, Tennessee with his family, where he later attended the University of Memphis and received a BA in Music. After graduating in 2008, he began writing songs that would eventually comprise his debut album, Black. In 2010, he moved to Philadelphia after completing the recording sessions for his album. Upon receiving word that his acoustic piece \"For You\" would be featured in the indie film, This Thing With Sarah, he decided to move west where he could more seriously pursue a career in music. He moved to Los Angeles in 2011 and currently resides in Santa Monica. Career In 2013 Arena's songs \"Baby Fish\", \"Yes It Do\", and \"Train\" were featured in Season 4 of ABC's Pretty Little Liars. The tracks \"Crazy\" and \"Wait\" were part of New Jersey surf documentary Dark Fall in 2010. His song \"For You\" was featured in the indie film This Thing With Sarah that was a contender in the Los Angeles Dances with Films festival in the Summer of 2013. Arena performed at the Dark Fall premiere and encore showing at the House of Blues in Atlantic City, at subsequent showings in San Diego, CA as well as the Tribeca Surf Film Festival in New York, NY. In addition, Arena has performed at dozens of locations in many cities, including House of Blues and World Cafe Live. In Fall 2012, Arena and British songwriter and producer, Stefan Skarbek", "title": "Chris Arena" }, { "docid": "65308372", "text": "Pretty Little Liars is an American teen drama television series. Pretty Little Liars may also refer to: Pretty Little Liars (book series), by Sara Shepard Pretty Little Liars (franchise), American multimedia teen drama franchise Pretty Little Liars (Indonesian TV series), an Indonesian remake of the 2010 US TV series Tatlı Küçük Yalancılar, a Turkish remake of the 2010 US TV series Pretty Little Liars", "title": "Pretty Little Liars (disambiguation)" }, { "docid": "70437854", "text": "\"Pretty Whittle Liar\" is the 16th episode of the 33rd season of the American animated television series The Simpsons, and the 722nd episode overall. It aired in the United States on Fox on March 27, 2022. The episode was directed by Mike Frank Polcino and written by Joel H. Cohen. The episode title is a reference to the American teen drama TV series Pretty Little Liars. Plot At a meeting of Marge's book club, Brandine shares an in-depth analysis on the book. Word that Brandine is secretly smart spreads in town, and Cletus finds out himself. He confronts Brandine, who reveals that she has been going to cultural events and reading books in her free time. Cletus feels that he does not know who Brandine is anymore, and kicks her out of the house. She moves in with the Simpson family, but begins to miss Cletus and their children. Meanwhile, Marge feels insecure after learning that Brandine, and other townsfolk, think she could have married a better man than Homer. She has Homer talk to Cletus, and he says that he still loves Brandine, but is still conflicted that she was hiding her true personality from him. At school, Lisa is inducted into a group of smart students who hide their intelligence to avoid being bullied. Later, Brandine decides to move back in with Cletus, and advises Lisa to be proud of who she is. The day after, Lisa and her group stand up against Principal Skinner, resulting in him canceling school for the day. When Brandine returns home, Cletus has gotten a library card and checked out Green Eggs and Ham, so he can learn to have something in common with her. Homer apologizes to Marge by completing various household chores he had been putting off. Reception Viewing figures The episode earned a 0.36 rating and was watched by 1.10 million viewers, which was the second-most watched show on Fox that night. Critical response Tony Sokol of Den of Geek gave the episode a 3.5 out of 5 stars stating, \"’Pretty Whittle Liar’ is a complicated episode, and it’s a very good thing the installment pulls back from adding another marriage crisis to the Simpsons household. But the change comes from Cletus. He betters himself to the degree where he can tell the finer points on why John Steinbeck’s Grapes of Wrath is a classic, and why the story is told much better in National Lampoon’s Vacation, currently streaming on Hillbilly Plus.\" Marcus Gibson of Bubbleblabber gave the episode a 7 out of 10 stating, \"Overall, “Pretty Whittle Liar’ strives in its intelligence, even though it struggles to juggle its elements into a single storyline. It offers a nice piece of development for Brandine and even Cletus, who even attempts to learn how to read books. The episode also offers some genuinely decent humor, including Homer lighting his fart on fire and the ‘Cletus on Books’ segment during the end credits. It doesn’t take a genius to know that", "title": "Pretty Whittle Liar" }, { "docid": "34937375", "text": "Shane Coffey is an American actor. He is best known for his role as Holden Strauss in Freeform's Pretty Little Liars. Early life Coffey was born in Houston, Texas and raised in nearby Spring. He studied theater at the University of Southern California. He is a founding member of The Casitas Group, an independent theater company started in 2008, alongside Troian Bellisario. Career Coffey's first acting part was playing Patrick for one episode on Summerland alongside Jesse McCartney. In January 2012, Coffey joined the recurring cast of Pretty Little Liars as Holden Strauss, an old friend of Aria's, who becomes her way of covering when she's actually going to see Ezra Fitz. Coffey also portrayed Jimmy Nash on The Secret Life of the American Teenager. In 2012, he wrapped on a short film called Exiles, a modern rendition of Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet with a twist. Coffey and Troian Bellisario, Pretty Little Liars co-star, make music under the name FAMILY. In 2013, Coffey appeared in an Audi Super Bowl commercial titled Prom. In 2015, Coffey starred in Lord Huron - \"Fool for Love\" music video. Coffey plays a lead role in the 2016 film Sugar Mountain, directed by Richard Gray. Filmography References External links American male film actors American male television actors Living people Year of birth missing (living people)", "title": "Shane Coffey" }, { "docid": "1758811", "text": "Andrea Parker is an American film and television actress. She is known for her roles on ER, The Pretender, Less than Perfect, Desperate Housewives, and Pretty Little Liars. Career Her first documented film role was at age 19 in the movie Rented Lips in which she played a dancer/nurse. Parker appeared in Married... with Children as a Go-Go Dancer in 2 episodes – \"Prom Queen: The Sequel\" (1989) and \"Prom Queen: Part 1\" (1989). After The Pretender was cancelled by NBC in 2000, Parker did another guest spot on JAG before signing on to reprise her role as Miss Parker in the telemovies for The Pretender, which aired on TNT in 2001. She then returned to series television in 2002 and starred in the ABC comedy Less than Perfect, playing Lydia Weston until it was cancelled in 2006. From 2011 to 2012, Parker had recurring role of Jane Carlson in the ABC series Desperate Housewives. She later starred in NBC drama pilot Beautiful People, and joined the cast of ABC Family series Pretty Little Liars. Personal life Parker supports various charities such as the National Hospice Palliative Care Organization, Glenn Siegel's My Good Friend charity organization, The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's research and Project Angel Food. In February 2006, Parker attended a benefit with former Pretender co-stars Michael T. Weiss and James Denton for Cure Autism Now. Filmography Film Television Awards and nominations References External links 20th-century American actresses 21st-century American actresses American film actresses American television actresses Living people Place of birth missing (living people) Year of birth missing (living people)", "title": "Andrea Parker" }, { "docid": "14849771", "text": "Norman L. Buckley (born November 25, 1955) is an American television director best known for his work on The O.C., Chuck, Gossip Girl, Pretty Little Liars and The Fosters. Early life Buckley was born on Loring Air Force Base in Limestone, Maine, to parents Betty Bob (née Diltz), a dancer and journalist, and Ernest Buckley, a lieutenant colonel in the U.S. Air Force and later a college professor and dean of engineering. Buckley grew up in Fort Worth, Texas, studied history at the University of Texas at Arlington before moving to California where he would later graduate from the University of Southern California. In spite of initial disapproval from his father, who wanted him to become a civil engineer like himself and Buckley's two brothers, Norman Buckley attended the film school at the University of Southern California. He intended to become a writer, but was encouraged to take up a craft, in addition to writing, and he soon discovered he had a natural aptitude for film editing. Career Buckley is most known for his directing work on the television series Pretty Little Liars and Gossip Girl. In late 2011 he directed his first movie for Lifetime, The Pregnancy Project. He began his career as an assistant editor on the 1983 film Tender Mercies, which featured his sister, actress Betty Buckley, who helped him land the job after hearing that the film's editor was seeking a local assistant while on location in Waxahachie, Texas. The editor was pleased with Buckley's work and took him to New York City to begin his career. Since then, he has worked on many films, television series and made-for-TV movies as an editor. He landed a job —as both an editor and director on The O.C. due to his connections with Stephanie Savage and McG, after working with them on the television series Fastlane. Following The O.C.'s conclusion, Buckley followed Schwartz to direct and edit his next projects, Gossip Girl and Chuck. He was associate producer on the film Happy, Texas. He has directed episodes on various television series: The O.C., Gossip Girl, Chuck, Greek, Melrose Place, 90210, Privileged, The Middleman, Make It or Break It, Pretty Little Liars, The Client List, The Carrie Diaries, Rizzoli & Isles, Switched at Birth, Hart of Dixie, and the Josh Schwartz webseries Rockville, CA. His episode of The O.C. titled \"The Metamorphosis\" was chosen by Entertainment Weekly magazine as one of the five best episodes of the series. His episode of Gossip Girl titled \"The Handmaiden's Tale\" was chosen by Newsweek magazine as one of the ten best television episodes of 2007. His only acting credit is a minor role in Solomon & Sheba, a part he only landed because was editing another project in Morocco, and the producers shooting Solomon & Sheba did not want to fly in other English-speaking actors to play minor parts. He agreed to do it only as a lark. Buckley has been nominated twice for an American Cinema Editors award: in 2003, for", "title": "Norman Buckley" }, { "docid": "19515981", "text": "Sara Shepard (born April 8, 1977) is an American author. She is known for the bestselling Pretty Little Liars and The Lying Game book series, both of which have been turned into television shows on Freeform. Early and personal life Shepard grew up with a sister named Alison. She graduated from Downingtown High School in Downingtown, Pennsylvania in 1995. She attended New York University, where she graduated with a B.S. degree in 1999 and an MFA in Creative Writing from Brooklyn College in 2004. From 2000 to 2005, Shepard worked at Time, Inc. Custom Publishing and produced lifestyle magazines for corporate clients. She started ghostwriting as a freelancer in 2002 and writing her own books in 2005. Shepard currently resides in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Television shows Shepard's book series Pretty Little Liars and The Lying Game have both been turned into television series by ABC Family (now under the name of Freeform). The Pretty Little Liars series of novels is \"loosely based on her experiences growing up in Chester County\". The adaptation television series Pretty Little Liars lasted for seven seasons. Actresses Troian Bellisario, Ashley Benson, Shay Mitchell, and Lucy Hale star as the main characters Spencer Hastings, Hanna Marin, Emily Fields and Aria Montgomery. Shepard had a cameo on two episodes of the show: \"The Homecoming Hangover\", as a substitute teacher and \"I'm a Good Girl, I Am\", as the news reporter. The Lying Game premiered on August 15, 2011 on ABC Family. Like the former, The Lying Game is also loosely based on the book series. ABC Family took an unusually long time to decide whether or not to renew The Lying Game beyond season 2, and the cast's contract options lapsed in April 2013 with only Alexandra Chando signing a new option. The network confirmed the cancellation of The Lying Game in July 2013, after Chando had announced the news on Twitter and Instagram. Chando starred as the main two characters Sutton Mercer and Emma Becker. On September 25, 2017, it was announced that Shephard’s 2014 book series The Perfectionists would be loosely adapted into a television series, titled Pretty Little Liars: The Perfectionists, serving as a sequel to the television series Pretty Little Liars on Freeform. Sasha Pieterse and Janel Parrish have confirmed to reprise their original Pretty Little Liars roles as Alison DiLaurentis and Mona Vanderwaal. The series featured characters from The Perfectionists series played by actors Sofia Carson, Sydney Park, Eli Brown and Kelly Rutherford as Ava Jalali, Caitlin Martell-Lewis, Dylan Wright and Claire Hotchkiss, respectively. The series is cancelled after one season. On September 29, 2017, it was announced that Shepard's 2014 book The Heiresses would be adapted into a television series for ABC, with Shay Mitchell starring as Corrine Saybrook. As of 2018, the network has not move forward The Heiresses. In May 2019, it was announced that Shepard would produce the anthology web series Crown Lake, which debuted on Brat on June 20, 2019. Shepard created a podcast series titled Cruise Ship,", "title": "Sara Shepard" }, { "docid": "30974716", "text": "Tyler Jordon Blackburn (born October 12, 1986) is an American actor, singer and model. He is best known for playing Caleb Rivers on the hit Freeform series Pretty Little Liars and its spin-off, Ravenswood. He most recently starred as Alex Manes in The CW series Roswell, New Mexico (2019–2022). Early life Blackburn was born in Burbank, California. He has one older sister and three younger brothers. Blackburn has a 4 inch long scar on his left shoulder. This was caused due to the removal of a benign bone tumor at the age of 10. Career Acting Blackburn began performing in 2004 and appeared on the series Unfabulous on Nickelodeon. In the following year he was a teacher in the short film The Doers of Coming Deeds. In 2008, he made a cameo in the film Next of Kin. In 2009, Blackburn appeared in Cold Case and Rockville CA, a webseries launched by Josh Schwartz. In 2010, he appeared on Days of Our Lives, Gigantic, and was also in the independent film Peach Plum Pear. In October 2010, Blackburn was cast in a recurring role as Caleb Rivers in the television series Pretty Little Liars. He was upgraded to series regular for the third season starting in the summer of 2012. Blackburn also starred as Pete in the six-episode web series Wendy, a project developed by Alloy Entertainment and Macy's that was based on Peter Pan which premiered on September 15, 2011. In 2012, he starred in drama Hiding alongside Ana Villafañe, Jeremy Sumpter, Dean Armstrong and Dan Payne. In May 2013, it was announced that Blackburn would star in the 2013 Pretty Little Liars spin-off Ravenswood. In March 2018, Blackburn joined the cast of The CW series Roswell, New Mexico. Music For his role in Alloy Entertainment web series Wendy, Blackburn recorded Golden State's \"Save Me\" to be used as the show's theme song, which was released on August 15, 2011. He recorded \"Find a Way\" in 2012 for the ABC Family television show, The Secret Life of the American Teenager, and the song played while he was starring on Pretty Little Liars. He has recorded several songs with Novi, including \"Can't Love Me\" which played in the twelfth episode of Roswell, New Mexico. Personal life Blackburn publicly came out as bisexual on April 19, 2019 through an interview with The Advocate. Filmography Film Television Web Discography Extended play Singles As main artist As featured artist Promotional singles Music videos Awards and nominations References External links 1986 births 21st-century American LGBT people 21st-century American male actors 21st-century American male singers American bisexual male actors American bisexual musicians American LGBT models American LGBT singers American male film actors American male television actors Bisexual male models Bisexual male musicians Bisexual singers LGBT people from California Living people Male actors from Burbank, California Male models from California", "title": "Tyler Blackburn" }, { "docid": "60303256", "text": "\"The Ghost Sonata\" is the fourth episode of Pretty Little Liars: The Perfectionists. It aired on Freeform on April 10, 2019. In the episode \"The Perfectionists\" as well as Alison and Mona begin digging deeper into Nolan's murder. The episode was written by Joseph Dougherty and directed by Roger Kumble. Overall the episode received mostly positive reviews but sparked criticism from viewers and critics from specific scenes. Plot Alison and Mona begin suspecting who the blonde girl in the cabin that Ava saw was. Ava, Caitlin, and Dylan are having coffee but is interrupted by Mason who blackmails them. Mona tells Alison that someone has modified the program she wrote and it has been changed to find a specific group of people. The program returns the names Caitlin's, Alison's, and Ray Hogadorn. Dana meets with Ava and starts questioning her about money but the two are interrupted by Alison. Jeremy and Caitlin are both waiting to meet Claire and pretend like it's the first time they met. Caitlin tells Claire that she can't spy on Ava and Dylan and Claire doesn't take it well. Alison and Mona begin searching for Ray. While Ava, Caitlin, and Dylan are meeting again they see another message and assume it's from Mason. The three ask Alison for advice who tells them they should share their secrets with each other because they could keep them close. Andrew gets upset when he's in Dylan's apartment and finds a letter from a doctor saying he has a pinched nerve. This leads to a fight between Andrew and Dylan causing Andrew to leave. Alison tells Mona that Emily stopped wearing her wedding ring and Mona tells her its time for her to move on. Ava gets Caitlin to meet with Mason so that they can find out if he's the one who killed Nolan but Mason blackmails Caitlin into getting them to rule him out as a suspect. Ava returns home and finds a music box on her bed playing music. Alison takes Mona's advice and signs the divorce papers Emily sent her. Caitlin visits Ava and tells her that shes the rat. The two talk before Ava yells at her to get out. Andrew comes back to Dylan's apartment and clears out all his stuff. Caitlin calls Jeremy and apologizes for lying to him. Mona find a location for Ray and attempts to go find him. She finds a room full of newspaper clippings about Taylor's and Nolan's death before Ray enters the room and shuts the door behind him trapping Mona inside. Alison begins looking deeper for Taylor and finds a trailer in the woods. She begins to explore but is interrupted by Taylor who locks her inside the trailer and runs off. Production Development Casting sessions for the episode and the following episode took place in late October 2018 between director Roger Kumble, co-executive producer and director Norman Buckley, as well as executive producer and writer Charlie Craig. The table read for the episode took", "title": "The Ghost Sonata (Pretty Little Liars: The Perfectionists)" }, { "docid": "45664219", "text": "The sixth season of the American mystery drama television series Pretty Little Liars, based on the books of the same name by Sara Shepard, was renewed on June 10, 2014 for two additional seasons, making the show ABC Family's longest running original series. The sixth and seventh seasons will consist of 20 episodes each. It aired 10 episodes for the first half the season, which began airing on June 2, 2015. Filming for the sixth season began on March 24, 2015, which was confirmed by showrunner I. Marlene King on Twitter. The season premiere was written by I. Marlene King and Lijah J. Barasz and was directed by Chad Lowe. The title of the premiere, \"Game On, Charles\", was revealed by King after the fifth-season finale. It was previously said that the sixth season will not include a special holiday-themed episode between the first and second half of the season, which aired on January 12, 2016, however on October 9, 2015 at New York Comic Con it was announced that there would be a behind-the-scenes special. Previous holiday-themed episodes have been the thirteenth episode of each previous season excluding the first season. ABC Family promoted the sixth season by creating an online contest in which fans of the show could be a part of the marketing campaign to promote the show by sending in their art for consideration. The promotional poster was released on May 21, 2015 which was included in the June/July cover of Seventeen. For the second part of the season, ABC Family released a promotional poster on December 15, 2015, with the new-launched name for the network, \"Freeform\". Overview After trying to escape the dollhouse in the season five finale, Charles punishes Emily, Hanna, Spencer, Aria, and Mona, subjecting them to various types of torture while Alison, Ezra, Caleb, and Toby try to find a way to help find the girls. Andrew becomes a suspect after being reported missing. Realizing what Charles is planning to do with Alison, the Liars hatch a plan to get out of the dollhouse by setting his vault on fire. The plan worked successfully, and the girls get out of the dollhouse where they are met by Alison, Ezra, Caleb, Toby, and the police. Andrew is arrested and accused of kidnapping the girls. However, the girls are far from okay, as they all suffer from PTSD from their time in captivity. Another girl, Sara Harvey, who went missing the same time Ali did, is found in the dollhouse, reportedly having been held there for two years. Unable to deal with her home life, she runs away and stays with Emily for a while. Meanwhile, Ali tries to get answers out of her dad about Charles DiLaurentis, but he insists there is no one of that name in their family; however, Jason remembers Charles as his imaginary friend when he was a kid. Later, Andrew is released from police custody because of lack of evidence, and the Liars realize that he isn't Charles", "title": "Pretty Little Liars season 6" }, { "docid": "60303262", "text": "\"The Patchwork Girl\" is the fifth episode of Pretty Little Liars: The Perfectionists. It aired on Freeform on April 17, 2019. In the episode Alison attempts to get Taylor to return to the city. In addition, \"The Perfectionists\" begin to look deeper into Mason, their prime suspect; as their own relationship begins to fall apart. The episode was written by Joseph Dougherty and directed by Roger Kumble. It received mostly positive reviews and was watched live by 0.22 million viewers. Plot Taylor begins driving the trailer away with Alison still trapped inside. Mona begins questioning Ray Hogadorn and starts learning things about him. When Ava has trouble sharpening her pencil she opens it up and finds a note inside with coordinates. Ava comes up with a plan to drug Mason and pitches it to Caitlin and Dylan. Mona finds out that Ray was the one who wrote \"They're watching\" on Alison's wall. Alison and Taylor begin talking and Taylor informs her that Mona's program also finds people who have similar traits. Caitlin tricks Mason into agreeing to go out to a cabin with her. Alison tells Taylor that she should come back with her but Taylor tells her that it isn't safe because someone is trying to kill her. Caitlin also tells Dylan that she is the mole. While Ava is planning the fashion show she finds a slide in the projector of Dylan having sex. Ava, Caitlin, and Dylan debate whether drugging Mason is the best way to do things. Dana questions Mona about her and Alison's past including Alex and Mary Drake. Alison takes Taylor back to her house which used to be Taylor's. After waiting an hour in the cabin Ava, Caitlin, and Dylan think Mason isn't coming. Ava and Dylan leave but Caitlin continues waiting. Mason finally shows up at the cabin and Caitlin drugs his drink but he refuses to drink it. While Mason is building a fire Caitlin sneaks up behind him and knocks him out. Dana stops Ava in the woods and attempts to get Ava to tell her who killed Nolan. Caitlin and Dylan are waiting to meet Ava but Caitlin is run over by a car just as Alison finds out that Taylor escaped. Production Development Casting sessions for the episode and the previous episode took place in late October 2018 between director Roger Kumble, co-executive producer and director Norman Buckley as well as executive producer and writer Charlie Craig. Tech scouting for episodes four and five began on October 31, 2018; meanwhile actor Niki Koss shadowed both Kumble and Buckley during production of the two episodes. Filming for both episodes took place in November 2018 and concluded on November 21, 2018. Larry Reibman served as the episodes Director of Photography. A final playback on the episode prior to airing took place on February 26, 2019. Casting Noah Grey-Cabey and Klea Scott both reprised their roles for the fourth time as Mason Gregory and Dana Booker respectively after being cast in", "title": "The Patchwork Girl (Pretty Little Liars: The Perfectionists)" }, { "docid": "55364569", "text": "Pretty Little Liars: The Perfectionists is an American crime thriller mystery drama television series created by I. Marlene King. The series is the third television series on the franchise. The series is loosely based on the 2014 novel The Perfectionists by Sara Shepard, but serves as a spin-off and standalone-sequel to Pretty Little Liars. The show premiered on Freeform on March 20, 2019 and concluded on May 22, 2019. The series features Sofia Carson as Ava Jalali, Sydney Park as Caitlin Park-Lewis, and Eli Brown as Dylan Walker. Sasha Pieterse and Janel Parrish reprise their roles from the original series as Alison DiLaurentis and Mona Vanderwaal. In September 2019, the series was canceled after one season. Plot In a town of Beacon Heights, Oregon, where everything seems perfect, from their top-tier college to their overachieving residents and the stress of needing to be perfect leads to the town's first murder. Cast and characters Main Sasha Pieterse as Alison DiLaurentis, a new TA at Beacon Heights University (BHU) who is recently separated from her wife Emily Fields Janel Parrish as Mona Vanderwaal, the head of recruitment and admissions at BHU who selected Alison Sofia Carson as Ava Jalali, a fashionable trendsetter and designer with a talent for hacking and coding Sydney Park as Caitlin Park-Lewis, the intelligent daughter of two overachieving mothers Eli Brown as Dylan Walker, a talented cellist who is extremely critical of himself Hayley Erin as Taylor Hotchkiss, Nolan's sister, who was a teacher at BHU before faking her death Graeme Thomas King as Jeremy Beckett, a charming and witty Brit and Caitlin's secret boyfriend Kelly Rutherford as Claire Hotchkiss, Nolan's mother and founder of Hotchkiss Technologies Recurring Evan Bittencourt as Andrew Villareal Noah Gray-Cabey as Mason Gregory, Nolan's childhood friend and Caitlin's ex-boyfriend Klea Scott as Dana Booker, a former FBI agent and new head of security at BHU Garrett Wareing as Zach Fortson, Ava's friend who later becomes her boyfriend Guest Chris Mason as Nolan Hotchkiss, a born leader and heir to the Hotchkiss empire Duffy Epstein as Ray Hogadorn, an employee at BHU Phillip Rhys as Michael Jalali, Ava's fugitive father Cycerli Ash as Senator Park-Lewis, one of Caitlin's two mothers Production Development In November 2014, I. Marlene King was announced to adapt a screenplay for Sara Shepard's novel series The Perfectionists, as the television series. It was later reworked as a sequel of the television show Pretty Little Liars. On September 25, 2017, Freeform ordered a pilot for the series titled Pretty Little Liars: The Perfectionists and the second spin-off series following Ravenswood. On May 14, 2018, the network picked up the series for a 10-episode season, set to air in 2019. I. Marlene King wrote and Elizabeth Allen Rosenbaum directed the first two episodes, which are titled \"Pilot\" and \"Sex, Lies and Alibis\". On February 5, 2019, it was announced that the series would premiere on March 20, 2019. On September 27, 2019, Freeform canceled the series after one season. Casting On September", "title": "Pretty Little Liars: The Perfectionists" }, { "docid": "49162713", "text": "\"Charlotte's Web\" is the twelfth episode of the sixth season and the 132nd episode overall of the Freeform mystery drama series Pretty Little Liars. The episode was broadcast on 19 January 2016. It was written by Jonell Lennon and Lijah J. Barasz and directed by Joanna Kerns. Plot As the girls overcome the shock of Charlotte's death, Alison (Sasha Pieterse) enlists Lorenzo (Travis Winfrey) to find the murderer. Aria (Lucy Hale) begins to look guilty as she returns to Boston a day earlier than she was supposed to; before she leaves, Hanna (Ashley Benson) tells her that she knows Aria left the hotel during the night when everybody else was asleep, but Aria denies it, saying she had gone to get something from her car. However, her return to Boston is short-lived; her boss at the publishing company is upset that Ezra (Ian Harding) has returned the advance on his new book and sends Aria back to Rosewood to convince him. Emily (Shay Mitchell) continues to lie about her life in California and is seen taking blood tests at a medical center. When Sabrina (Lulu Brud), the new manager of the Brew sees her, Emily tells her not to tell anybody, not giving an explanation for why she was at the medical center. Hanna is surprised by her fiancé, Jordan (David Coussins), while Spencer (Troian Bellisario) and Caleb (Tyler Blackburn) continue a questionable, yet unromantic, relationship. Alison invites the girls over to dinner, where she implies that she believes Aria had something to do with the murder. Hanna is able to access surveillance footage of the hotel from the night Charlotte died and discovers that Aria had left the hotel with Ezra soon before Charlotte was killed. They confront Aria, who reveals that, unable to sleep, she had called Ezra, and the two had gone for a walk. They had noticed a blonde in a red jacket, who Ezra thought was Charlotte, going into the church and Ezra, obviously angry that Charlotte had been set free, said good night to Aria and sent her off in a taxi. Aria is afraid that Ezra may have done something to Charlotte out of anger. Alison calls Lorenzo, telling him she thinks her friends may have had something to do with the murder. Emily visits her father's grave, vowing to make things right, but is scared away by Sara Harvey (Dre Davis), visiting Charlotte's grave. The episode ends with an unknown person leaving the graveyard and a limo driver opening a car door while saying, \"I'm sorry for your loss\" Production \"Charlotte's Web\" was written by Jonell Lennon and Lijah J. Barasz and directed by Joanna Kerns. Filming began on 6 July 2015 and wrapped on 14 July 2015. Lesley Fera and Tyler Blackburn confirmed their presence in this episode. Is confirmed that there will be a scene between Ezra and Aria. The episode's title and synopsis was revealed during a press conference released on 28 December 2015. Reception Broadcasting \"Charlotte's Web\" was", "title": "Charlotte's Web (Pretty Little Liars)" }, { "docid": "42892842", "text": "Charlotte DiLaurentis is a fictional character created by I. Marlene King for the American television series Pretty Little Liars and its spin-off web series Pretty Dirty Secrets, portrayed by Vanessa Ray. Introduced in the third season under the pseudonym CeCe Drake, Charlotte was a friend and mentor to Alison DiLaurentis before her disappearance. After moving back to Rosewood two years later, Charlotte took over Mona Vanderwaal's reign as \"A\", an anonymous figure that blackmails, stalks and tortures the main characters of the franchise. Under another anonymous identity known as Red Coat, Charlotte created and led \"the A-Team\", a group of people who helped \"A\" in their schemes. During the sixth season, Charlotte is revealed to be Alison's cousin and adoptive sister. After being unmasked as \"A\", Charlotte revealed she was assigned male at birth as \"Charles DiLaurentis\" and underwent gender reassignment surgery in her youth. Charlotte was then killed off following the five year time jump, with the killer eventually being revealed as Mona the following season. Casting and development It was reported that Vanessa Ray was cast to portray CeCe Drake, who was later known to be Charlotte DiLaurentis. When Ray was announced to start filming again for Pretty Little Liars fourth season, she spoke about returning, stating: \"It's so fun to do, and what a crazy character I get to play. She's sort of a sociopath. I think she's so weird because she's, like, 22 but hangs out with high-schoolers. It's like, 'Hey, girl! Get a life!'\" Drake was characterized as a \"beyond-charismatic twenty-something blonde stylist at a boutique that has one heel in the present, one in the past.\" Pretty Little Liars executive producer Oliver Goldstick stated that Drake acted as a mentor to Alison DiLaurentis, teaching her \"the wicked ways of the world.\" Drake's is described as having a sociopathic personality: controlling, charming, seductive, dominant, and extremely intelligent. The character was also described by Ray as \"off-the-wall, self-centered, bizarre fashionista.\" Storylines Background Charlotte Drake, born as Charles Drake, was born to Mary Drake in Radley Sanitarium, a mental institution. Placed under the care of her mother's identical twin sister, Jessica DiLaurentis, Drake was raised as the sister of Jessica's kids, Jason and Alison. However, after an incident where she unintentionally harmed Alison, Charlotte herself was institutionalized at Radley. She received frequent visits from Jessica but was neglected by her adoptive father, Kenneth DiLaurentis, who was angry over Charlotte being transgender. At 12 years old, Charlotte witnessed fellow patient Bethany Young push patient Marion Cavanaugh (mother to Toby Cavanaugh) off the roof of Radley. Bethany blamed Charlotte for the murder and Jessica paid off a young Officer Wilden to make sure the death was ruled a suicide. Charlotte was briefly friends with Lucas Gottesman as a child. Charlotte eventually underwent gender reassignment surgery and would frequently sneak out of Radley to befriend Alison while using the fake name \"CeCe Drake.\" She also \"dated\" her adoptive brother, Jason, in an effort to get closer to him and Alison,", "title": "CeCe Drake" }, { "docid": "57954001", "text": "Dawson casting is a cultural phenomenon and trope observed in film and television in which many of the actors appear and are actually much older than the characters they portray. The concept is observable in teen dramas such as Glee, Gossip Girl, and Pretty Little Liars where adults are cast to play teenage characters. An example of this is Pretty Little Liars character Spencer Hastings, who is 16 but is portrayed by actress Troian Bellisario, who was 24 years old at the time of shooting. Derry Girls is a non-American example of Dawson casting of teenage characters. The term was originally circulated on the Internet in response to the casting choices of Dawson's Creek, though the phenomenon predates that series, with examples such as the 1948 film Joan of Arc, the 1978 film Grease, the 1985 film The Breakfast Club, and the 1990s teen drama series Beverly Hills, 90210 casting actors in their twenties and thirties to play high-school aged students. Criticism Canadian teen drama franchise Degrassi is often noted and praised for being one of the few major exceptions to the trope within the genre (along with Skins), casting most of its actors age-appropriately. Franchise co-creator Linda Schuyler has been a critic of the practice as early as 1986, during the development of Degrassi Junior High, where she stated that the show would cast age-appropriately due to the fact that \"so much of the American stuff set in high schools is played by late teens and early 20s - and then some\". She further elaborated to IndieWire in 2016 that \"I like to talk about the fact that you can take a 25-year-old who looks 15 and have them play a role, but that actor is bringing 10 more years of life experience to that role. By having our cast be age-appropriate, they bring the freshness and the authenticity of that age.\" Samantha Wilson of Film School Rejects cites the trope as having contributed to the failure of the American adaptation of Skins. Social ramifications It has been suggested on several occasions by critics that Dawson casting has several negative implications, specifically for adolescents. These commonly include accusations of unrealistic beauty standards, negative body image, low self-esteem, and general mental health problems, especially in regard to one's self-perception. A clinical psychologist, Barbara Greenberg, told Teen Vogue that casting twenty-year-old actors for the roles of high-school students can worsen the struggles of adolescents, stating \"It can give the message that they’re supposed to look good all the time\", adding \"That leads to all kinds of body-image and social-comparison issues\". References Concepts in film theory Film and video terminology Film theory Social phenomena Tropes Casting (performing arts) Dawson's Creek Adolescence", "title": "Dawson casting" }, { "docid": "56238214", "text": "The Perfectionists may refer to: The Perfectionists (book), a 2014 novel written by Sara Shepard The Perfectionists (book series), a book series of young-adult novels written by Sara Shepard Pretty Little Liars: The Perfectionists, an American television series based on the books and spin-off of Pretty Little Liars", "title": "The Perfectionists" }, { "docid": "54391711", "text": "\"Till Death Do Us Part\" is the series finale of Pretty Little Liars, which premiered on the Freeform network in the United States on June 27, 2017. The twentieth episode of the seventh season and the 160th overall, it was directed by showrunner I. Marlene King, who also co-wrote the episode alongside Kyle Bown and Maya Goldsmith. Shortly after the two-hour final episode, a special titled \"A-List Wrap Party\" was aired, in which the main cast and King talked about the show's end and behind-the-scenes exclusives. In the episode, the Liars finally discover the identity of their tormentor, as Spencer (Troian Bellisario) discovers she has an identical twin sister named Alex Drake, who is revealed to be the anonymous \"A.D.\" wanting to avenge Charlotte's death and take over Spencer's life as an impersonator due to her jealousy of the life that her sister has. The episode opened to lukewarm reviews from critics. Alex Drake's introduction and subsequent reveal as the series' final antagonist was met with a deeply polarizing response. Some viewers expressed dissatisfaction in regards to Alex's backstory and motives. Upon its initial airing, the episode was viewed by 1.41 million Americans and garnered a 0.7/2 Nielsen rating/share in the 18–49 demographic. The total viewership and ratings for this episode were considerably higher than the previous episode, and slightly higher than the sixth-season finale, a year earlier. Plot At night, the Liars are shown at an establishment discussing the fact that the truth about who was behind Uber A's mask never came out. Lucas appears in a white tuxedo tap dancing, while Jenna is riding a horse. The girls begin to talk about random and funny things until snow starts to fall from the sky and it is revealed that the previous scenes were the product of Mona's imagination, who is holding a snow globe in an unknown room at the Welby State Hospital. An \"A.D.\" then appears and Mona drops the globe, breaking it instantly, as she gets surprised when she realizes who's there. In 2018, one year after the events of \"Farewell, My Lovely\", Ezra and Aria are discussing their book and its soon-to-be film adaptation in the Warner Bros. Television backlot. Now famous due to their book's worldwide success, they kiss and are photographed by a bunch of fans in a cart (staff writers of PLL in a group cameo). The scene then jumps to the DiLaurentis house, where Emily and her high school sweetheart Alison are living a family life, taking care of the recently born Lily and Grace. Alison tells Emily she is going to a meeting, but instead she goes to the Radley to talk with Emily's mother, Pam, about their relationship and how both Alison and Pam are happy about it. Spencer and Melissa have a sisterly moment together as Spencer sees Toby approaching her pickup truck which used to be Toby's pickup. They talk about his return to Rosewood after he left to travel around countries with Spencer and Alison's half-brother", "title": "Till Death Do Us Part (Pretty Little Liars)" }, { "docid": "28403024", "text": "Hanna Olivia Marin is a fictional character created by Sara Shepard for the Pretty Little Liars book series, and later developed for the Freeform television series adaptation by I. Marlene King. The character has also appeared in the spin-off series Ravenswood. One of the main protagonists of the franchise, Hanna is a formerly overweight girl who becomes a queen-bee after the disappearance of Alison DiLaurentis. Hanna is portrayed by Ashley Benson in the television series. Character in print Hanna is introduced in the first book as a popular and ruthless girl. She is described as an alluring young brunette who occasionally fights with herself to keep her beauty. In early novels, the character is also written as bulimic. Story line Hanna is one of four primary protagonists in all sixteen Pretty Little Liars novels, starting with Pretty Little Liars. All four girls attend the same school. Prior to the start Before Alison DiLaurentis disappears, Hanna is shown as a shy girl with an eating disorder. She is best friends with Alison DiLaurentis along with Spencer Hastings, Aria Montgomery and Emily Fields. Like the other girls, Hanna and Alison had a secret between them: Alison witnessed Hanna purging with a toothbrush when she thought she was overweight. During the last night of the 7th grade, while having a sleepover in Spencer's sister Melissa's barn, Alison disappeared. Years later, in the 9th grade, Hanna tried out for cheerleading but didn't make it, since the cheerleaders considered her too fat and not pretty enough to be in the squad. Hanna and Mona Vanderwaal, a girl that Hanna and her friends used to make fun of for being dorky, decided to become skinny and pretty before next year's cheerleading tryouts. They bonded and became pretty and popular, eventually deciding that cheerleading wasn't even cool enough to try out for. Hanna took over Alison's spot as the most popular girl after Alison's disappearance. Within that time, Hanna and Mona also became shoplifters. Character on screen Casting In December 2009, The Futon Critic confirmed the casting of Ashley Benson as Hanna Marin. Relationships Sean Ackard Hanna's relationship with Sean started before the first episode. She thought he was the love of her life after she became a popular girl, and he noticed her. She has to struggle with Sean's decision to not have sex yet, and she doubts if he likes her. Their relationship ends later, during a party where she passes the limits with him and he gets upset. Caleb Rivers Hanna's first hook-up with the bad boy Caleb Rivers is in the first season when they develop feelings for each other, and he takes Hanna's virginity. This first hook-up ended when Hanna discovered that Caleb was spying on her, and Jenna paid him to do it. However, in the second season, Hanna forgives him and they rekindle their relationship. In the third season, after “A” was revealed to be Mona, Hanna started visiting her in Radley Sanitarium, and a new stalker emerged, making Hanna", "title": "Hanna Marin" }, { "docid": "23866744", "text": "Sara Harvey may refer to: Sara M. Harvey (born 1976), American costume designer and author Sara Harvey (Pretty Little Liars), a character TV series Pretty Little Liars", "title": "Sara Harvey" }, { "docid": "42194097", "text": "The fifth season of the American mystery drama television series Pretty Little Liars began airing on ABC Family on June 10, 2014. Shooting for the season began on March 24, 2014, and ended on November 20, 2014. The season aired from June 10, 2014, to March 24, 2015. Like the second season, the season consisted of 25 episodes, including a special holiday-themed episode, instead of a Halloween episode which was written by I. Marlene King and her assistant Kyle Bown and was directed by King. It also contained the 100th episode and the episode was written by showrunner I. Marlene King. The promotional poster was released on May 28, 2014. A second promotional poster was released after the hundredth episode was aired, on July 9, 2014. A third promotional poster was released on January 5, 2015, as a promotion for the second half of the fifth season, which began the day after the release of the poster. It was announced on June 10, 2014, that Pretty Little Liars was renewed for two additional seasons, making the show ABC Family's longest running original series. The fifth season garnered positive reviews from critics and averaged 2.01 million viewers an episode, down from the previous season, and a 0.9 demo rating, also down from the previous season. The premiere was watched by 2.72 million viewers, while the finale was watched by 2.65 million viewers. Overview After Aria inadvertently kills the rooftop shooter, revealed to be Shana, the Liars try to adjust to the new world in which 'A' is presumably dead and Alison is very much alive, while still trying to keep up with Ali's new lie about her whereabouts over the last two years. However, 'A' returns, blowing up the Cavanaugh house and leaving the liars more afraid than ever. With Alison back, Aria, Emily, Hanna and Spencer notice how their friendship has changed since Ali's disappearance. The other residents in Rosewood also deal with Alison coming home, and it leads to Mona making an army against her, consisting of residents whom Ali bullied back in the day. The liars try to figure out who killed Mrs. DiLaurentis, and if there is a connection between her and the girl who was buried in Alison's grave, Bethany Young. With Alison back, Hanna starts to have an identity crisis, and it progresses when Caleb comes back from Ravenswood and Alison moves into the Marin house. Struggling with guilt after realizing Shana was not 'A', Aria gets help from Ezra, and slowly starts to reconcile with him. Aria also begins to volunteer at Radley in order to find out information about Bethany Young, who was a patient there. Tension begins to swarm between her and Hanna when Hanna almost reveals what happened in New York to the new girl at school, Sydney. Emily tries to deal with her breakup with Paige, while struggling with her feelings toward Alison. She also helps the new girl, Sydney, with her swimming, until she finds out that Sydney knows", "title": "Pretty Little Liars season 5" }, { "docid": "56978776", "text": "Bianca Regina Lyttle Reyes-Abrenica (born August 3, 1990), professionally known as Sophie Albert-Abrenica, is a Filipino actress and television personality of European (Spanish-Italian and Irish-Portuguese) and Chinese descent. She joined the GMA Network in 2017 and signed an exclusive contract with Sparkle Career 2010–2016: Early television career Albert was one of the new talents launched by ABS-CBN's Star Magic in their Batch 15 in 2007, using the name Bianca Reyes. From a young age, it was already her dream to be an actress. She joined Star Magic without telling her parents because her mother did not wish for her to enter show business because she was still young and studying. This was also the reason why she left showbiz soon after. In 2012, again without the knowledge of her parents, Albert joined the televised talent search Artista Academy of TV5. She became the competition's female grand winner, The Best Actress. Albert has mentioned that her winning the competition has convinced her mother of letting her re-enter and stay in the entertainment industry. TV5's management suggested she use a screen name instead of her real name because of the abundance of Biancas and Reyeses already present in the Philippine showbiz world. \"Albert\" is her maternal grandmother's maiden name. In 2013, her first project after her win was the drama series Never Say Goodbye, where she was paired with Best Actor Vin Abrenica. He later became her real-life boyfriend. They worked with Alice Dixson, Cesar Montano, Gardo Versoza and Nora Aunor. One of her breakthrough projects after Artista Academy was the 2014 Cinemalaya movie #Y which later on won Special Citation for Ensemble Acting award. The film is a coming-of-age story that revolves around the lives of upper-class and modern-day youth, which the title reference to Generation Y, while the hashtag marks this generation known for their affinity with social media and technology, and combines this with a tale of teen suicide, sex, drugs, and alcohol, and the ideological lifestyle of YOLO. In the same year, Albert and her Artista Academy co-finalists Chanel Morales and Stephanie Rowe were supposed to top-bill TV5’s adaptation of the hit American suspense series Pretty Little Liars. It was supposed to air in April 2014, but a rumor floated that the Pretty Little Liars adaptation was already shelved. Although TV5 denied the rumor, the project was never aired. After this, Albert headlined a few episodes of TV5’s Wattpad Presents until she decided to return to ABS-CBN. 2017–present: Breakthrough with GMA Network After asking to be released a few months early from her contract with TV5, Albert decided to become an actress without any home network. She did one project in ABS-CBN, the broadcast network and parent company of Star Magic, in an episode of Ipaglaban Mo. Soon after, in October 2017, Albert signed an exclusive contract with GMA Network and GMA Artist Center (now Sparkle). She has since gotten a steady stream of projects for years. Villainous and present roles She did supporting roles in teleseryes until", "title": "Sophie Albert" }, { "docid": "41897077", "text": "Aeriél Christine Gabrielle \"ARI\" Miranda (born April 3, 1992) is an American actress and model. She is best known for her recurring role as Shana Fring on Freeform's series Pretty Little Liars (2013–2015). She was first introduced as Shana on the web series, Pretty Dirty Secrets (2012), prior to appearing on Pretty Little Liars. Miranda also recurred as Lana on The Nine Lives of Chloe King and The CW series The Tomorrow People. Other roles include Straight Outta Compton (film debut) and the OWN comedy For Better or Worse. Early life Aeriél (better known as \"ARI\" - a name of endearment given to her by friends, followers and industry professionals) was born and raised in Dallas, Texas and has seasonally lived in Boston, Massachusetts and New Orleans, Louisiana. She was brought up by youthful parents; her mother is an African-American psychologist and fine arts enthusiast who hails from Louisiana and her father is a DJ from New Bedford, Massachusetts. Her paternal family origins are rooted in Cape Verde. She is of mixed West African, Portuguese, Creole, French, German and Jewish descent. Miranda is a Latin-Sephardic surname meaning \"she who must be admired.\" As a little girl, Aeriél was profoundly inspired by her Nana, who introduced cinematic classics such as \"The Sound of Music\", \"West Side Story\", \"Oliver Twist\", \"E.T\" and tons of Disney animated films to her at a young age. Thus, her interest in the performing arts was born. She studied ballet at Etgen-Atkinson Ballet School and began her theatrical journey by joining and performing in plays for the “Dallas Children's Theater.” At an early age, she adopted an affinity for music, learning to play the piano and violin. As a teen, Miranda competed in the fifth season of the Discovery Kids reality competition series Endurance as a member of the Red Team, followed by competing in a family edition of Fear Factor. Career Commercials and modeling Miranda began her work in the modeling industry at the age of 15, appearing in commercials and advertisements for brands such as Nike, Sprite, J.C. Penney, Victoria's Secret, Bed Head by TIGI, Old Navy and Apple. Television and film In 2011, Miranda made her television debut on the ABC Family series “The Nine Lives of Chloe King.” She was a guest on ”Dr. Phil”, speaking on universal issues surrounding teenagers. Miranda went on to appear in various television shows, including The CW science fiction series “The Tomorrow People” and the TV Land series “Jennifer Falls.” Miranda was later cast in the Freeform series “Pretty Little Liars” based on the book series of the same name. Miranda later starred in the summer 2015 Universal Pictures film Straight Outta Compton. While making her film debut, her time working with director F. Gary Gray sparked her film production interest. She has guest starred on the Oprah Winfrey Network comedy series For Better or Worse, working alongside Tyler Perry. Filmography Film Television Web Producer References External links 1992 births Living people 21st-century American actresses Actresses from", "title": "Aeriél Miranda" }, { "docid": "11572925", "text": "Gregg Sulkin (born 29 May 1992) is an English actor. He made his television debut in the 2002 Doctor Zhivago mini-series. He later starred in the 2006 British film Sixty Six, and subsequently appeared in the Disney Channel comedy series As the Bell Rings and Wizards of Waverly Place. In 2010, he starred in the Disney Channel television film Avalon High. He also appeared in the television special The Wizards Return: Alex vs. Alex. He starred on MTV's show Faking It as Liam Booker from 2014 until its cancellation in 2016. He also appeared on Pretty Little Liars as Ezra's brother, Wesley \"Wes\" Fitzgerald. In 2016, he starred in the role of Sam Fuller in the horror-thriller film Don't Hang Up. He starred as Chase Stein in the TV show Runaways, based on the Marvel Comics series of the same name. Early life Sulkin was born in Westminster, London. He is Jewish and had his Bar Mitzvah at the Western Wall in Jerusalem. He attended Highgate School in North London. Career Sulkin made his acting debut in the 2002 mini-series Doctor Zhivago. He subsequently starred in the comedy Sixty Six, as Bernie Rubens, alongside Helena Bonham Carter, Eddie Marsan and Catherine Tate. Sulkin also played the role of JJ in the Disney Channel comedy, As the Bell Rings, worked on a CBBC children sci-fi show The Sarah Jane Adventures (spin-off of Doctor Who), playing Adam in series 3 two-episode story The Mad Woman in the Attic. Sulkin was part of Disney Channel's Pass the Plate as Gregg from the UK. He had a recurring guest role on the Disney Channel series Wizards of Waverly Place, where he played Alex's love interest Mason Greyback he reprised his role in 4 episodes of season 3 and returned to the series in its fourth season, and through to its finale. Sulkin has also landed a role in the thriller The Heavy. In 2010, he went to New Zealand to film the Disney Channel Original Movie Avalon High, which premiered on 12 November 2010. In an interview with Kyle Martino, aired on Soccer Talk Live on the Fox Soccer Channel in the US, Sulkin announced that he was a fan of Arsenal. Sulkin participated the Disney Channel's Friends for Change Games and was on the Yellow Team. He reprised his role as Mason Greyback in The Wizards Return: Alex vs. Alex which premiered on Disney Channel in March 2013. In 2012, Sulkin starred in the American teen drama series Pretty Little Liars as a recurring character, Wesley Fitzgerald, brother of Ezra Fitz. In February 2013, it was announced that Sulkin would play Julian Fineman in FOX's television adaptation of Lauren Oliver's young adult novel, Delirium. On 8 May, it was reported that Fox has decided not to pick up Delirium. From 2014 to 2016, Sulkin starred in the MTV comedy Faking It. Sulkin portrayed Liam Booker. Sulkin defeated Victoria Justice on 30 July 2015 episode of Spike's Lip Sync Battle, where he performed \"I", "title": "Gregg Sulkin" }, { "docid": "21142138", "text": "Hayley Taylor is an American singer-songwriter, actress, painter and director whose songs have been featured on many popular television shows, including Netflix's Ginny & Georgia, How I Met Your Mother and Pretty Little Liars. Life Born in Birmingham, Michigan, Hayley moved to Los Angeles as a child and began acting professionally in film and TV as a child., winning a Youth in Film Award for \"Best Young Actress in a Motion Picture Drama\" for her role in Touch of a Stranger with Shelley Winters. As a young adult, Taylor guest starred on television shows such as Sabrina, The Teenage Witch, Unsolved Mysteries, ER, and 7th Heaven. After graduating from Vassar College (with her BA in English) she studied painting at the Sorbonne University in Paris and the New York Academy of Art. She is married to drummer and producer Anthony Burulcich (The Bravery, Morrissey, Weezer). Music career Taylor's songs have been featured on Ginny & Georgia, Pretty Little Liars, How I Met Your Mother, Royal Pains, Privileged, MTV's Real World, and in many other TV shows and films. Taylor was classically trained on piano and singing early on, but it was not until she learned to play guitar in college that she realized music was her passion. Taylor was nominated by the Los Angeles Music Awards for \"Best Independent Album of the Year.\" She was interviewed on Entertainment Tonight and on San Francisco's KRON news. She was Interviewed on Dutch TV's EénVandaag and she performed with her band live on the music television show City Sessions: Los Angeles on the DISH Network. Taylor's debut album, entitled One Foot in Front of the Other, produced by Dan Romer (Beasts of the Southern Wild)(Ingrid Michaelson) and Eric Robinson (Sara Bareilles) was released on August 24, 2010. It featured an all-star cast of players, including Michael Chaves (John Mayer) on guitar, Ben Peeler (Alexi Murdoch) on guitar and pedal steel, Adrienne Woods (Josh Radin)(Jonas Brothers) on cello, Elliot Jacobson (Ingrid Michaelson) on drums, and producer Marshall Altman (Kate Voegele) on backing vocals. She is currently working on two new band projects, The Fauve and X My Heart with drummer Anthony Burulcich. Discography Full Length LP, 2023 (forthcoming) Single \"Riptide,\" 2022 Single \"Falling Hard,\" 2019 Single \"1983 (Safari Riot Remix)\"(as The Fauve featuring Hayley Taylor), 2018 Full Length LP, \"Dangerous\"(as X My Heart), 2016 Single \"How in the World\" (as X My Heart), 2015 Full-Length Debut LP \"One Foot in Front of the Other\", 2010 Single \"Felt Like Love\", 2010 Single \"No More Wishing\", 2009 Holiday Single \"If There Really Is a Santa Claus\", 2008 Filmography Placements \"Riptide\" on Netflix's Ginny & Georgia \"Waking\" on Netflix's Ginny & Georgia \"Closer to Me\" (as X My Heart) on HBO's Crashing (U.S. TV series) \"How in the World\" (as X My Heart) on The Slap (U.S. TV series), (Episode 8, Season 1) \"Pretty in the Dark\" on Rush, (Episode 7, Season 1) \"Bulletproof\" in Night Moves \"Plans\" on Pretty Little Liars , (Episode 13, Season 1)", "title": "Hayley Taylor" }, { "docid": "42848299", "text": "Matthew Wyatt Elrod (born October 2, 1988), better known as Wyatt Nash, is an American television personality and actor. Under his birth name, he was a contestant on the 22nd season of the American competitive reality television series Survivor where he placed seventh. Following his appearance on Survivor: Redemption Island, he chose to adopt the name Wyatt Nash (his middle name plus Nash for his birth city, Nashville) as his stage name. Nash has appeared as Nigel Wright on the ABC Family series Pretty Little Liars and the Lifetime television adaptation of V. C. Andrews's Petals on the Wind. As of 2019, he portrays the character of Charles Smith on Riverdale. Survivor As Matt Elrod, he was on Survivor: Redemption Island as one of the season's 16 new contestants. He began the game on the Ometepe tribe alongside seven other new contestants and Survivor veteran \"Boston Rob\" Mariano. Elrod was initially part of Mariano's majority alliance. However, Mariano noticed Elrod bonding with fellow alliance member Andrea Boehlke; after Elrod shook hands with members of the rival Zapatera tribe following a challenge, Mariano plotted to eliminate Elrod. On Day Six, Elrod was voted off by his alliance, sending him to Redemption Island where he had to compete in challenges in order to return to the game. After defeating six consecutive opponents, Elrod returned to the game on Day 19, joining the newly merged Murlonio tribe with six former Ometepe members and five former Zapatera members. The minority Zapatera alliance courted Elrod and Boehlke to join them to eliminate Mariano; after Elrod told Mariano about the Zapateras' offer, Mariano and his alliance—Boehlke included—voted against Elrod, and he was sent back to Redemption Island. Elrod continued to win duels, but lost the final duel on Day 36, which Boehlke won. Elrod finished in seventh place, and was the sixth member of the jury to determine the winner. Despite being blindsided twice, Elrod voted for Mariano as the winner Subsequently, an offer was made for Elrod to return for Survivor's 26th season, Survivor: Caramoan, but he declined. Acting career Following his appearance on Survivor, Elrod (now known as Wyatt Nash) appeared in the Nick at Nite drama Hollywood Heights as recurring character Cameron. He appeared in short film wages and had guest appearances in the television shows 1600 Penn and Mistresses. Next, Nash was cast as Nigel Wright, the helicopter pilot and Jenna Marshall's friend, in Pretty Little Liars. Nash also guest starred in an episode each of Rake and Dr. Ken. On February 24, 2014, it was announced that Nash was cast as Christopher in the Lifetime television adaptation of V. C. Andrews's Petals on the Wind opposite Rose McIver. In 2015, Nash starred as Ryan, who is described as a Southern born-and-bred aspiring musician who falls head-over-heels for Molly, in the Hallmark Original Movie adaptation of the bestselling Karen Kingsbury novel The Bridge. In 2016, he started in the sequel The Bridge Part 2 opposite Katie Findlay. In 2016, Nash was cast", "title": "Wyatt Nash" }, { "docid": "57747385", "text": "\"Escape from New York\" is the first episode and the premiere of the fifth season of the American mystery drama television series Pretty Little Liars and the 96th episode of the series overall. The episode was written by showrunner I. Marlene King and directed by Norman Buckley, it aired on June 10, 2014 on ABC Family and was watched by 2.72 viewers. Plot The episode opens with paramedics loading Ezra into an ambulance. Noel is being questioned by the police. Noel claims that he heard the gunshot and ran to the rooftop and found Ezra shot. Emily, Spencer and Hanna hold Aria back since they can do nothing to help Ezra and if Aria gets too close, she'll be spending the night at the police station answering questions. Afraid of being seen on the street, Alison watches from the balcony above, where she notices someone in a black hoodie lying on top of the ambulance as it drives away. At the hospital, Ezra is taken into surgery, while someone in a hooded figure watches on. Back on the streets, the girls have brought a burner phone and pepper spray. Emily is afraid that \"A\" will try to hurt Alison if they execute the plan they have come up with to keep 'A' away from Ezra. But Alison wants to go ahead with their plain since Ezra saved their lives and he is the only one who knows who ‘A’ is. Aria tells Emily that everything will finally over when Ezra pulls through and tells them who \"A\" is, but Emily is skeptical. Hanna calls the police with the burner phone, telling them that Ezra’a shooting wasn’t a random thing and he needs protection. With the first step of their plan executed, the girls split up with Aria and Alison heading one way and Spencer, Hanna and Emily heading in another. Hanna hands A's gun over to Aria as they leave. Emily is worried about Alison but Spencer and Hanna try to convince her that Alison has been hiding from ‘A’ in plain sight for the past 2 years and can take care of herself. At the Hastings house, Veronica is on the phone with Ashley. She asks Ashley to call if she hears from Hanna and assures her that they’ll do the same. Melissa is shocked that Spencer knew all this time that Alison is alive. Veronica wants to believe that Spencer only found about Alison, a month ago as claimed by the photo CeCe showed Holbrook since it was around that time that Spencer's erratic behavior started. Melissa blames Alison for all the things that have gone wrong in Spencer's life but Veronica wants to reserve judgment since they have no idea what Alison's been through. Melissa thinks that Alison is a “time bomb” but it's everything around her that explodes and everyone around her ends up getting hurt. Melissa can't believe Alison would let her friends and family think that she was dead. Melissa wants to tell Veronica", "title": "Escape from New York (Pretty Little Liars)" }, { "docid": "32782057", "text": "Emily Catherine Fields is a fictional character created in 2006 by author Sara Shepard. She is a character in both Pretty Little Liars' books and television series, and initially appears as a \"jock girl\" and one of the main protagonists of the story. She is part of the group known as the Liars; and is best friends with the four other members, who are also protagonists. Emily is known for her description and shyness, as well as for being part of a conservative family, the Fields. Emily's characteristics and stories have the same methodology in both books and television. However, there are some perceptual differences between the two versions, since the television series usually didn't follow the books' scripts. For example, Emily's parents on the screen have different names from the books; and, in the books, she has siblings, while in the television series, she doesn't. Another noticeable difference between the two versions is the physical and psychological characteristics. The character is portrayed by Shay Mitchell in the television series. For her portrayal, Mitchell was nominated twice for a Teen Choice Award, once for a People's Choice Award, and shared a nomination for an MTV Fandom Award with Sasha Pieterse for Ship of the Year. Character in print Pretty Little Liars is a series of novels that follows the lives of four teenage girls nicknamed the Pretty Little Liars or simply the Liars, whose clique falls apart after the disappearance of their queen bee leader, Alison DiLaurentis. Three years after her disappearance, the girls begin receiving threatening messages from an anonymous character named \"A\", who threatens to expose their secrets, including long-hidden ones they thought only Alison knew. Shortly after the messages begin, Alison's body is discovered buried in her yard. The books progress with the four girls trying to figure out who \"A\" is and facing many dangerous obstacles and twists. In the first book, Emily is introduced as a loyal, sweet girl who struggles with her sexuality. She is described as having hazel eyes and strawberry-blonde hair that is tinted blue-green due to chlorine. At her school, Emily is recognized by the students for her achievements in swimming. Emily is largely motivated by matters surrounding family, romance, and ambition. Emily is also superstitious, although most of her superstitions are unique only to her; for example, making a wish at \"4:56\" instead of \"11:11\". Story lines Emily develops a romantic attraction for her best friend Alison DiLaurentis. She dated a boy named Ben Coogan before realizing her true feelings were for girls. She falls for and secretly dates Maya St. Germain. When \"A\" outs Emily to the whole school, her parents force her to go to Tree Tops, a \"de-gaying\" rehabilitation center. Failing that, Emily is shipped off to Iowa to live with relatives; deeply unhappy there, she runs away. Her parents ask her to come home, stating that they will learn to accept Emily for who she is. Emily comes to discover that she's bisexual, when she falls", "title": "Emily Fields" }, { "docid": "42723329", "text": "\"Free Fall\" is the twentieth episode of the fourth season of Pretty Little Liars, an American mystery drama television series based on the novel series written by Sara Shepard, and is the ninety-first episode of the series. The episode, directed by Melanie Mayron and written by Maya Goldsmith, originally aired on February 18, 2014 on ABC Family. In the episode, Spencer is ready to tell Aria that Ezra is \"A\", while Hanna and Emily, worried that Aria will be hurt, remain hesitant. Meanwhile, Spencer’s addiction to amphetamines is exposed, causing damage to her credibility among the Liars. “Free Fall” yielded 2.56 million viewers and a 1.0 demo rating, up from the previous episode. It received highly positive reviews from contemporary critics, with the performances of Bellisario and Hale receiving widespread acclaim, as well as praise for the episode's dialogue between Ashley Benson and Shay Mitchell’s characters, drawing comparisons to Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. Plot Spencer (Troian Bellisario) is eager to tell Aria (Lucy Hale) that Ezra (Ian Harding) is “A”, but Hanna (Ashley Benson) and Emily (Shay Mitchell) are not sure when the best time is. After catching Spencer in his classroom in her pajamas, Ezra tells Aria about Spencer’s addiction to amphetamines as well as a previous incident involving them. She tells Hanna and Emily and they all hold an intervention at Spencer’s house. When confronted with the truth, Spencer breaks down and confesses that Ezra is “A” while continuing to deny the truth. Spencer tries to explain to Hanna and Emily the inconsistencies she discovered in Alison’s journal, which leads to a plan to lure Ezra out of obscurity using a bag of money for Ali. Hanna and Emily meet at Ambrose Pavilion to catch Ezra and wait for Spencer to arrive, who is supposed to be dressed as Alison. Someone dressed as Alison arrives and the girls assume its Spencer. Spencer comes later and the girls realize it was \"A\", not Spencer. They attempt to follow the girl but she runs off and the room’s lights start short-circuiting. As the girls are about to leave, Emily notices the bag and takes it, while Hanna notices a blonde wig in the trash. Aria tells Ezra about the intervention and he lets slip some information that Aria did not share with him, causing some suspicion. She later goes to his cabin, where she finds his manuscript detailing the lives of all the girls, including Alison. She runs off into the forest, trying to hide from Ezra, and eventually boards a ski lift. Ezra catches her as the lift is about to go and tries to explain everything. Aria, in disbelief, threatens to expose the manuscript but Ezra knocks it out of her hands. Meanwhile, Mona (Janel Parrish) and Mike (Cody Christian) continue their relationship, but Mona struggles to keep her past behind as Ezra continues pressing her for help. Veronica (Lesley Fera) and Toby (Keegan Allen) discovers Spencer’s relapse. Production “Free Fall” was written by Maya Goldsmith and directed by", "title": "Free Fall (Pretty Little Liars)" } ]	[ "Rosewood , Pennsylvania" ]
train_45936	family guy stewie and brian start a band	[ { "docid": "51733257", "text": "\"The Boys in the Band\" is the first episode of the fifteenth season of the animated sitcom Family Guy, and the 270th episode overall. It aired on Fox in the United States on September 25, 2016, and is written by Chris Regan and directed by Joseph Lee. In the episode, Stewie and Brian form a children's band, which later disbands after an old flame of Stewie's gets in the way. Meanwhile, Chris goes to work for Quagmire. This episode was dedicated to the memory of Family Guy music editor Doug Lackey. Plot Brian and Stewie watch an extended director's cut of Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory. Lois enters stating that the movie is not appropriate and changes the channel to a baby-appropriate show starring Turtlenecks (a parody of The Wiggles). Stewie feels as though that the baby songs in the show are lacking in quality. Challenged by Brian, Stewie decides to write songs for babies that address actual baby related issues. Stewie and Brian form a band they call 'Red Shirt, Blue Shirt', and he books a gig at a children's party. While there, they meet Olivia Fuller, who somehow managed to survive the playhouse fire in \"Chick Cancer\". After the song, they are given a positive reception, which Olivia mysteriously surveys. Just as the duo is about to celebrate, Olivia comes up and states that she and Stewie are going on a date, much to Brian's disappointment. Olivia becomes president of Brian and Stewie's fan club, making Brian uncomfortable, but Stewie is laid-back about it. Stewie and Brian perform at a number of gigs. At Cheesie Charlie's, after Brian leaves for a minute, Olivia says in confidence to Stewie that at the end of every gig, everybody gives Brian the attention and not Stewie, and Stewie impulsively believes this. Meanwhile, Chris asks his parents for money for a shamrock tattoo, but his parents tell him to get a job. Chris has a difficult time searching for employment, but when he and Peter help Lois unload groceries, they notice Quagmire sending away a potential sex partner. Quagmire tells Peter that he is unable to manage his personal life. Peter offers Chris as his personal assistant, and both Chris and Quagmire eventually agree after initial hesitation. After showing Chris the ropes, Quagmire sees that Chris makes an excellent assistant, following another stand with another one of his sexual clients. While rehearsing, Stewie asks that Brian's microphone be cut off, irking the dog, and the duo have a spat that ends with Stewie walking off. Afterwards, Olivia approaches Brian and tells him that they should kick Stewie out of the band. Brian is at first hesitant, but Olivia states that Stewie is contemplating on firing Brian, provoking Brian to fire Stewie, and Olivia takes his place in the band. When Lois finds out about Chris' job upon finding Quagmire's sex toys in the dishwasher, she calls Quagmire's house, only to receive a voice message made by Chris. They approach Chris, who", "title": "The Boys in the Band (Family Guy)" }, { "docid": "50899998", "text": "The fifteenth season of Family Guy aired on Fox in the United States from September 25, 2016, to May 21, 2017. The series follows the dysfunctional Griffin family, consisting of father Peter, mother Lois, daughter Meg, son Chris, baby Stewie and the family dog Brian, who reside in their hometown of Quahog. The executive producers for the fifteenth production season are Seth MacFarlane, Richard Appel, Steve Callaghan, Danny Smith and Kara Vallow. The showrunners are Appel and Callaghan. Guest stars for the season include Kyle Chandler, Stephen Curry, Flea, Rob Gronkowski, Sean Penn, Frank Sinatra Jr., David Tennant, and Jacob Tremblay. During this season, Chris dates singer Taylor Swift while Peter becomes an Uber driver (\"Chris Has Got a Date, Date, Date, Date, Date\"), Quagmire gets hooked on Tinder (\"The Dating Game\"), and also becomes a gigolo during an airline pilot strike (\"American Gigg-olo\"). Other episode plots include Brian and Stewie writing songs for kids (\"The Boys in the Band\"), Chris becoming a star baseball player (\"Bookie of the Year\"), Rob Gronkowski moving in next to Peter with his party bus (\"Gronkowsbees\"), a homage to three novels commonly taught in (and, in some cases, banned from) American high school English classes (\"High School English\"), Peter and Lois joining the anti-vaccination movement (\"Hot Shots\"), Peter meeting the children he never knew he had (\"A House Full of Peters\"), Chris falling for a Mexican teen mom (\"Dearly Deported\"), and a fictionalized behind-the-scenes look of the show (\"Inside Family Guy\"). The season premiere includes a cameo by Vinny (voiced by Tony Sirico), the dog who temporarily replaced Brian in season 12. The season concluded with a one hour broadcast of two episodes. Episodes References External links 2016 American animated television seasons 2017 American animated television seasons Family Guy seasons", "title": "Family Guy season 15" } ]	[ { "docid": "2070418", "text": "\"North by North Quahog\" is the fourth season premiere of the animated television series Family Guy. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on May 1, 2005, though it had premiered three days earlier at a special screening at the University of Vermont, Burlington. In the episode, Peter and Lois go on a second honeymoon to rekindle their marriage, but are chased by Mel Gibson after Peter steals the sequel to The Passion of the Christ from Gibson's private hotel room. Meanwhile, Brian and Stewie take care of Chris and Meg at home. Family Guy had been canceled in 2002 due to low ratings, but was revived by Fox after reruns on Adult Swim became the cable network's most watched program, and more than three million DVDs of the show were sold. Written by series creator Seth MacFarlane and directed by Peter Shin, much of the plot and many of the technical aspects of the episode, as well as the title, are direct parodies of the 1959 Alfred Hitchcock classic movie North by Northwest; in addition, the episode makes use of Bernard Herrmann's theme music from that film. The episode contains many cultural references; in the cold opening, Peter lists 29 shows that were canceled by Fox after Family Guy was canceled and says that if all of those shows were to be canceled, they might have a chance at returning. Critical responses to \"North by North Quahog\" were mostly positive, with the opening sequence being praised in particular. The episode was watched by nearly 12 million viewers and received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Animated Program (for Programming Less Than One Hour). Shin won an Annie Award for Directing in an Animated Television Production for this episode. Plot In the cold opening, Peter tells his family that they have \"been canceled\". He then lists all 29 shows that were canceled by Fox between the show's cancellation and revival and says that if all of those shows were to \"go down the tubes\", they might have a chance at returning. As Peter and Lois are having sex, she yells out George Clooney's name, so Peter realizes that she is imagining him as Clooney to maintain her libido. Lois and Peter decide to take a second honeymoon to enliven their marriage, and leave their dog Brian to take care of their children Stewie, Chris, and Meg. Brian is unable to control the children, but Stewie offers to help (in exchange for Brian changing his diaper) and together they manage the home. The pair chaperone a dance at Chris's school, during which the school principal catches Chris in the boys' restroom with vodka that belongs to his classmate Jake Tucker. Although Brian and Stewie punish Chris by grounding him, they try to clear his name. Jake's father Tom refuses to believe Brian and Stewie, so they resort to planting cocaine in Jake's locker, and Jake is sentenced to community service. On the way to their vacation", "title": "North by North Quahog" }, { "docid": "56907321", "text": "\"Send in Stewie, Please\" is the twelfth episode of the sixteenth season of the animated sitcom Family Guy, and the 301st episode overall. It aired on Fox in the United States on March 18, 2018 with limited commercial interruption due to its runtime of 25 minutes, and is written by Gary Janetti and directed by Joe Vaux. The episode largely focuses on Stewie Griffin (voiced by creator Seth MacFarlane) about his major secrets, accompanied by a child psychologist (voiced by guest star Ian McKellen). None of the Griffin family appear except Brian at the very end, and no cutaway gags accompany the extended runtime. In addition, this episode was commercial-free so that Fox could promote the 2018 God of War video game. Plot At Quahog Preschool, Stewie is sent to the office of Dr. Cecil Pritchfield, a child psychologist. Stewie begins the therapy session by making observational small talk. He then starts to talk proudly about his British accent, but the psychologist says that he cannot hear it, much to Stewie's annoyance. When the doctor tells him he feels he knows him a bit after only a few minutes in his company, Stewie picks up a photograph of him on vacation with his husband Michael. Stewie begins to analyze their relationship in remarkable detail, revealing Pritchfield's embarrassment and insecurity about being much older than his husband. The psychologist then observes that Stewie is very lonely, at which Stewie suddenly bursts into tears, as Pritchfield's aide Barbara hands him some tissues. After Stewie regains composure, Pritchfield mentions the incident that brought Stewie to his office, in which he pushed a classmate, Tyler, down the stairs. Stewie protests that he only did it because he liked Tyler and was afraid he would not like him back. Stewie denies being gay and declares that he is \"confident\" in his heterosexuality. He also expresses his difficulty fitting in when none of the other boys share his interests in musicals and world domination. He admits to pulling out his own hair because of anxiety, and expresses frustration at not being able to be on Broadway. He then performs to Pritchfield part of a number from the musical Hamilton, while fighting hiccups and a runny nose. Stewie takes up an offer of tea and Pritchfield begins to tell him of his own youth as an orphan in Britain during the Second World War. Stewie interrupts his long story and they return to discussing Stewie's differences and difficulty fitting in. Stewie admits that he has constructed a persona in order to hide his true self, and drops his British accent, revealing his true accent to have been American all along. He makes plans to reveal his true self to others as well, but reconsiders and reverts to his British accent when he faces being just like everyone else. Suddenly, Pritchfield starts to have a heart attack. He asks Stewie to hand him his heart medication, but Stewie, aware that Pritchfield is the only one who has seen", "title": "Send in Stewie, Please" }, { "docid": "24657914", "text": "Dominic E. Bianchi (born February 22, 1979) is an American animation director and storyboard artist. Bianchi is known for directing multiple episodes of the animated series Family Guy, most notably the show's celebrated 150th episode, \"Brian & Stewie\". Prior to Family Guy, Bianchi served as a production coordinator for the animated series ¡Mucha Lucha!, before the show's cancellation. Career Bianchi joined Family Guy in 2005, and has since directed and provided storyboards for multiple episodes, including: \"North by North Quahog\" \"Fast Times at Buddy Cianci Jr. High\" \"Barely Legal\" \"Movin' Out (Brian's Song)\" \"The Man with Two Brians\" \"Three Kings\" \"Big Man on Hippocampus\" \"Brian & Stewie\" \"And I'm Joyce Kinney\" \"Screams of Silence: The Story of Brenda Q\" \"Back to the Pilot\" \"A Fistful of Meg\"(co-wrote with Joe Vaux) References External links American television directors American animated film directors Living people American storyboard artists 1969 births", "title": "Dominic Bianchi" }, { "docid": "6420181", "text": "\"Chick Cancer\" is the seventh episode of season five of Family Guy. The episode originally broadcast on November 26, 2006. In the episode, Stewie's old friend and child actress, Olivia Fuller (voiced by Rachael MacFarlane) returns to Quahog. Stewie intends to sabotage what little is left of her career, but ends up falling in love with her, only for the relationship to end in ruins due to his personality. Meanwhile, Peter decides to make a chick flick after enjoying one he saw in the cinema with Lois. The episode was written by Alec Sulkin and Wellesley Wild and directed by Pete Michels. It received mostly positive reviews from critics for its storyline and many cultural references. According to Nielsen ratings, it was viewed in 9.49 million homes in its original airing. The episode featured guest performances by Drew Barrymore, Jeff Bergman, Dave Boat, Lizzy Caplan, Rachael MacFarlane and Stacey Scowley, along with several recurring guest voice actors for the series. Plot Stewie discovers that his old friend, Olivia, a toddler actress, is coming to the end of her Hollywood career because her \"Tasty Juice\" advertisement campaign has been dropped. Olivia is now making an appearance at the Quahog mall to open a new store. Stewie decides to go to the mall where he intends to ridicule her, but falls in love with her after seeing her again. Olivia, however, does not return the same feelings, so Stewie seeks advice from Brian on how to make Olivia like him. Brian and Stewie observe next-door neighbor Glenn Quagmire get his way by being mean to a woman, and Stewie comes to the conclusion that women respond to men who mistreat them. Stewie and Olivia begin to bond shortly afterward, and the two spend their time bonding by sitting in a park while eating ice cream. As they sit and eat their ice cream, they mock various people, such as a man smelling his own hand, a Jewish cowboy, a man who cuts his own hair, and an uptight and hardworking Asian man who is looking at his watch. They also go to a birthday party for one of Olivia's friends. Olivia introduces Stewie to her old friend, a child actor named Victor, and she obliges Stewie to get both of them punch, but a jealous Stewie only wishes Victor to go away. The couple begin to argue constantly, and their latest argument ends with them getting married. After the marriage, which Rupert officiates, their relationship does not get any better. Later, the couple accompanies Brian on a double-date with his girlfriend, Jillian. During the date, the pair continue to bicker throughout, leading to Stewie starting an argument with a person in the restaurant who asks him to be quiet. He feels the relationship is failing, but Brian encourages him to reconsider and Stewie agrees to return to Olivia. Returning to his playhouse to apologize and make up with her, Stewie discovers Olivia \"cheating\" on him with her friend Victor by playing with", "title": "Chick Cancer" }, { "docid": "36497008", "text": "\"Yug Ylimaf\" is the fourth episode of the eleventh season of the animated comedy series Family Guy. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on November 11, 2012. This was the 200th episode produced and was promoted as such but was the 192nd episode broadcast. In the episode, Brian uses Stewie's time machine to hook up with potential girlfriends but it goes awry when he causes time to run in reverse and has to find a way to fix that. The episode's title is Family Guy spelled backwards. Plot When Brian attempts to score a date at a bar, he gets a girl to come to his house, claiming he has a time machine. They sneak into Stewie's room and use the time machine to travel to the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. Brian uses this tactic to score other dates, traveling to events such as the Hindenburg disaster and segregation-era America. However, when one of his dates points out the \"years traveled\" gauge on the time machine, Brian realizes Stewie might discover what he has been doing; to avoid this, he sets the \"years traveled\" gauge backward, which causes the time machine to have a complete meltdown and a bright blue light to emerge. Stewie wakes up to see this and Brian claims Meg is responsible, before an enormous energy blast blows Stewie and Brian against the wall, knocking them unconscious. The next morning, the two awake to discover that Brian's tampering with the machine has caused time to run backward. Stewie and Brian go around town, examining the effects of the machine, witnessing events running backward, such as a fight between Peter and Ernie the Giant Chicken (after Peter had opened his car door when Ernie crashed his bicycle into it). After noticing that Cleveland is back living in Quahog, it becomes apparent that reverse time is starting to accelerate. Even worse, when Stewie sees that he is un-teething, he realizes the reversed timeline is beginning to affect them as well, and they are also reliving the ipecac incident in reverse. When they see that Bonnie is pregnant and that Susie has been \"unborn\", Stewie realizes he too will be unborn if the time machine is not fixed. While nearly completing the repairs of the time machine, Stewie suddenly loses the ability to walk and sees Meg's voice revert back to Lacey Chabert, he realizes that the time of his birth is growing near. When Stewie is taken to the hospital to be unborn, Brian is forced to fix the machine by himself. Trying to set the time forward again, he gets the idea to do the opposite of what he did the first time – he sets the time gauge forward, causing a second meltdown which again knocks him unconscious but keeps the machine intact. Brian wakes up to see that the timeline has been restored and rushes to the hospital just in time to witness Stewie's birth, and is inadvertently responsible for Stewie", "title": "Yug Ylimaf" }, { "docid": "42815108", "text": "\"Turkey Guys\" is the sixth episode of the thirteenth season of the animated sitcom Family Guy, and the 236th episode overall. It aired on Fox in the United States on November 16, 2014, and is written by Cherry Chevapravatdumrong and directed by Julius Wu. Plot The episode begins with a showing of a parody of the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade, the J. C. Penney Parade. On Thanksgiving morning, Lois sees Peter's photos in which he claims he and Brian ate the entire turkey planned for dinner that night, so Lois sends them out to find a replacement. Searching every store within sixty miles, they finally find the last one at the Highland Park Market. Peter's antics result in Brian making a deal that he will guard the turkey while Peter drives the car; Peter is not familiar with Brian's hybrid car and drives it into a lake, nearly drowning Brian while destroying his car and cellphone. Given a lift to the bus station, the two get on the bus, but are kicked off when Peter defecates into a bag. Peter steals a girl's bicycle off the front of the bus, but his pants fall down and get caught in the chain, causing an accident which destroys the bike. An attempt at hitch-hiking fails when the driver orders Peter at gunpoint to hand the turkey over. When Brian calls Peter stupid, Peter responds by telling him that he had eaten the turkey by himself and framed Brian since in all the photos Brian was passed out. Despite the bad blood between each other, Peter and Brian have no option but to travel together. Passing the County Zoo, Peter gets the idea to steal a turkey, despite Brian's reservations. They find a turkey, but have to chase it through the zoo, causing all sorts of mayhem. Brian falls into the lion pen, but is rescued by Peter with a dead flamingo. He is grateful as Peter apologizes for his actions. Securing the turkey, they steal the zoo's tram train and arrive home. Meanwhile, Lois' concern about Peter being out allows Stewie to convince Chris to step up as man of the house for the dinner. Stewie tries to coach Chris into his duties as the guests arrive. Lois is forced to stall for time entertaining guests. Lois greets her guests consisting of her parents, Quagmire, the Brown-Tubbs family, and the Swansons, including Kevin's new short girlfriend. Deciding to bail her out when Carter Pewterschmidt talks about the recent development in store products, Stewie is forced to step in after finding Chris unable to handle the pressure as he gets inebriated. Just as Stewie is about to do a speech at the dinner table, Peter arrives. When he takes the turkey out back to kill it, Peter finds he cannot go through with it. He apologizes to Lois and gets permission to invite the bird as a guest. As Peter, Lois, and the turkey face their guests, a drunken Chris arrives and shoots", "title": "Turkey Guys" }, { "docid": "6828286", "text": "\"Boys Do Cry\" is the 15th episode of the fifth season of the American animated sitcom Family Guy. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on April 29, 2007. The episode follows the Griffin family after Lois gets a job as an organist at the local church, and she insists that the rest of the family go to church with her. This eventually leads to Stewie drinking and throwing up during a sermon, which causes a mob to form around the Griffin household. In an attempt to prevent the town from supposedly exorcising the devil out of Stewie, the family escape and seek refuge in Texas. The episode was written by series regular Cherry Chevapravatdumrong and directed by Brian Iles. The episode received generally mixed reviews from critics for its storyline and many cultural references. According to Nielsen ratings, it was viewed in 8.13 million homes in its original airing. The episode featured guest performances by Drew Barrymore, Bill Engvall, Gilbert Gottfried and Camilla Stull, along with several recurring guest voice actors for the series. \"Boys Do Cry\" was released on DVD along with four other episodes from the season on October 21, 2008. Plot Lois gets a job as the new organist at the local church and forces her family to start attending mass on Sundays. After Stewie mistakes Communion wine for punch, he drinks too much and vomits, leading the citizens of Quahog to believe Stewie is possessed by Satan. When the priest wants to exorcise him, aided by everyone in town, the Griffin family escapes to Lois's sister Carol's house in Texas. Upon arriving at the home, Peter fits in well with the cowboys, but Brian is disgusted by the bigotry of the local residents. Stewie, cross dressing to protect his identity, begins using the name \"Stephanie Griffin\" and, after being convinced by Lois, enters a \"Little Miss Texan\" beauty pageant. Meanwhile, as part of an initiation into an after-school club, Meg and Chris sneak into George W. Bush's Crawford ranch to steal a pair of his underwear. Lois soon hears that the search for Stewie has ended after people got distracted by news of the Super Devil (an entity described as 6 inches taller than the Devil, driving a flying motorcycle and armed with a jar of marmalade), but since she was hoping to instill \"new moral values\" in her family she decides not to mention that they can go home. Meanwhile, after branding a cow, things turn worse when Peter reveals that he is mentally retarded. The men with him, who explain that Texas \"executes the retarded\", tie him to an electric chair, in an attempt to put him to death, but he is soon rescued by his trusty horse, revealed to be voiced by Gilbert Gottfried. Later, Brian finds out from his girlfriend Jillian back in Quahog about the town calling off the search, and rushes to the pageant tells Lois, who says she has known for weeks which horrifies", "title": "Boys Do Cry (Family Guy)" }, { "docid": "37321100", "text": "\"The Old Man and the Big 'C\" is the third episode of the eleventh season of the animated comedy series Family Guy and the 191st episode overall. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on November 4, 2012. It was initially going to be aired on October 21, 2012 but due to a previous rainout, the NLCS Game 6 bumped all the sitcoms of Animation Domination. Plot At a Boston Red Sox ballgame, Quagmire accidentally loses his toupée going for a fly ball, and it is put up on the scoreboard and YouTube. When he becomes a laughingstock both at the game and due to a Kia Motors-sponsored story with the slogan, \"Too bad it's a Kia,\" on Quahog 5, he decides to ditch the wig. The change in his appearance affects his attitude. The guys become reluctant to hang out with him and convince him to get a hair transplant. At the hospital for Quagmire's hair transplant, Brian wanders off and overhears that Carter has terminal cancer. He returns and tells Stewie who confirms it via online camera in the Pewterschmidt house. Brian tells Lois who rounds up the family and heads for her parents' home, but when they arrive they find Carter in good health, Lois becomes angry at a stunned Brian for surprising her like that, with Meg shaming him, and Peter saying \"he will get it when he drinks\". Brian suspects that Carter is an impostor in order to protect the family business interests and convinces Stewie to come with him to prove his theory. Brian and Stewie follow Carter around in Pewterschmidt Industries in order to prove he is an impostor. They hear Carter talking to one of his executives about a \"Specimen Z\" in the sub-levels that might be the description for the \"real\" Carter Pewterschmidt. While sneaking into a sub-level medical facility to find \"Specimen Z,\" Brian and Stewie discover that \"Specimen Z\" is actually for a chemical that is the cure for cancer. Carter finds them in the room where it is being held and reveals that he has been sitting on the cure since 1999 in order to protect his sales of treatment pharmaceuticals. Carter then has the security guards throw Brian and Stewie out. As Brian fumes on their way home, Stewie reveals that he stole the cure. They take it home to show Lois, but Carter arrives with his men to take it back and Brian tells what it is. Lois is appalled, but Carter refuses to show pity until she brings up some of his closest loved ones possibly dying of cancer. After an argument with Lois, Carter promises to reveal the cure. The next day in a press release, Carter only gives the news of a new type of deodorant for mentally disabled people called \"Slow Stick\" (a parody of Speed Stick), which is also apparently edible. Lois calls to find out why he did not reveal the secret as Carter reveals that", "title": "The Old Man and the Big 'C'" }, { "docid": "28244173", "text": "\"Road to the North Pole\" is the seventh episode of the ninth season of the animated comedy series Family Guy. Directed by Greg Colton and co-written by Chris Sheridan and Danny Smith, the episode originally aired on Fox in the United States on December 12, 2010. In \"Road to the North Pole\", Stewie and Brian go on an adventure to the North Pole so that Stewie can kill Santa Claus. They discover a dreary, polluting factory full of inbred elves and carnivorous, feral reindeer, along with a sickly, exhausted and suicidal Santa. Stewie and Brian take pity on him and decide to fulfill Christmas by delivering gifts to the entire globe, albeit unsuccessfully. The \"Road to\" episodes have aired through the various seasons of Family Guy were inspired by the Road to... comedy films starring Bing Crosby, Bob Hope and Dorothy Lamour, though this episode was not originally conceived as a \"Road to\" show. The episode is the second Family Guy Christmas special after the season three episode, \"A Very Special Family Guy Freakin' Christmas\", also written by Danny Smith. It was first announced at the 2010 San Diego Comic-Con International. Critical responses to the episode were mostly positive; critics praised its storyline and its numerous cultural references, although it also received criticism from the Parents Television Council. According to Nielsen ratings, it was viewed in 8.03 million homes during its original airing in the United States. The episode featured guest performances by Drew Barrymore, H. Jon Benjamin, David Boreanaz, Carrie Fisher, and Karley Scott Collins, along with several recurring guest voice actors for the series. It is narrated by Ron MacFarlane, Seth MacFarlane's father. It was nominated for 3 Emmy Awards: Outstanding Music Composition for a Series, Outstanding Original Music and Lyrics and Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Comedy or Drama Series (Half-Hour) and Animation. It later won for Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Comedy or Drama Series (Half-Hour) and Animation. The song \"Christmastime Is Killing Us\" was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media. Plot On Christmas Eve, Brian takes Stewie to the mall, only to get a rude brush-off from the Santa who works there. Stewie vows to kill Santa and forces Brian to take him to the North Pole. Stewie hitches a ride with a trucker and so Brian follows him to Canada. On the way, Stewie accidentally causes a traffic pileup by discharging a flare pistol in the cab of the truck, which catches fire and explodes. Crashing his car in a chain reaction, Brian becomes angry and tells Stewie that Santa does not exist. Stewie becomes frustrated and continues to attempt to hitchhike, coercing Brian to join him. The pair encounter a Canadian who gives them his snowmobile. Continuing north, they run out of gas, but receive help from the Aurora Boreanaz, who instructs them to stay at a nearby cabin. The two set out on foot the next morning. They make it to Santa's workshop, only to find", "title": "Road to the North Pole" }, { "docid": "38211690", "text": "\"Brian's Play\" is the tenth episode of the eleventh season and the 198th overall episode of the animated comedy series Family Guy. It aired on Fox in the United States on January 13, 2013. It was written by Gary Janetti and directed by Joseph Lee. In the episode, Brian writes a play that becomes a hit in Quahog, but loses his confidence when he finds that the play Stewie wrote is better than his. But when Stewie sees how upset Brian is, he decides to make things right. Plot Brian writes a play, entitled A Passing Fancy, which is a hit in Quahog. Just as he lets his success go to his head, Stewie asks him to read a play he has written. Brian humors him and reads the play after a night of drinking and philosophical discussion with aspiring writers, but he realizes Stewie's play, entitled An American Marriage, is much better than his. His confidence shaken, Brian tells Stewie the play is bad and attempts to destroy the script, but Stewie finds it buried in the yard. Angered, he reveals that he knew Brian's work was inferior because it was easy for even Chris and Peter to follow the plot of A Passing Fancy. Stewie claims that he has a creative voice when it comes to writing, while Brian uses overdone clichés and blatant plagiarism. This makes Brian emotionally fall apart and chase and kill a squirrel. As Brian sinks into depression, Stewie says that his play is Broadway-bound and demands Brian escort him around New York. At a party for playwrights, Brian tries to ingratiate himself with big-name writers, but they mention that they have seen his play and pronounce it the worst piece of writing they have ever seen. Outside, Stewie finds Brian even further depressed, and Brian admits he knew Stewie's writing was better but had hoped that he could have at least had a chance to be the good writer in the family before he dies far sooner than the rest of them. Stewie says that Brian is speaking with his own voice and he should write from his heart and mind. At the opening of Stewie's play, the crowd leaves unhappy, and Brian is confused as to why Stewie changed it. Stewie claims that he just wanted to \"tweak\" it a bit, though he really wanted to make Brian happy again by sabotaging his own play. As they leave the theater, Stewie admires New York and professes a desire to live there one day until they are snatched by a pterodactyl. Reception The episode received a 3.2 rating and was watched by a total of 6.01 million people, this made it the most watched show on Animation Domination that night beating The Cleveland Show, Bob's Burgers, American Dad! and The Simpsons. The episode was met with generally positive reviews from critics. Kevin McFarland of The A.V. Club gave the episode an A−, saying \"This is Family Guy at its most self-aware—and more importantly,", "title": "Brian's Play" }, { "docid": "47228750", "text": "\"Go, Stewie, Go!\" is the 13th episode of the eighth season of the animated comedy series Family Guy. It originally aired on Fox in the United States on March 14, 2010. The episode features Stewie after he auditions, cross-dressed under the pseudonym Karina Smirnoff, for a female role in the American version of Jolly Farm Revue, and eventually ends up falling in love with a female co-star on the show. Meanwhile, Lois finds herself attracted to Meg's surprisingly normal boyfriend, after she is asked by Peter to realize her advancing age. The episode was written by Gary Janetti and directed by Greg Colton. It received mixed reviews from critics for its storyline and many cultural references, in addition to receiving criticism from the Parents Television Council. According to Nielsen ratings, it was viewed in 6.72 million homes in its original airing. The episode featured guest performances by Stephen Bishop, Mo Collins, Colin Ford, Lucas Grabeel, Anne Hathaway, Nana Visitor and Mae Whitman, along with several recurring guest voice actors for the series. \"Go, Stewie, Go!\" was released on DVD along with ten other episodes from the season on December 13, 2011. Plot Brian, walking in drunk, notices that Stewie has resumed watching Jolly Farm Revue, after previously swearing off the show in \"Road to Europe\". Remembering a story he had seen in the local newspaper, Brian tells Stewie about upcoming auditions for an American version of the show. Jumping at the opportunity, the two show up to the auditions, but quickly learn that there is only one female role remaining. Determined to win a spot on the show, Stewie decides to cross-dress as a woman, naming his new identity \"Karina Smirnoff\". Beginning his audition, he starts by telling a completely fabricated story. Convincing the producers that he is telling a true tale, he wins the role. The next morning, on the first day of filming, Stewie as Karina introduces himself to the rest of the cast, and quickly falls in love with a female co-star named Julie. Another co-star, Randall, objects to the new role that Karina was cast to play, and takes Julie away from him to prevent their friendship. As they continue shooting, however, the two develop a friendly relationship, eventually deciding to hold a sleepover, where they become even closer. The next day, Julie professes her love for Karina by wishing that she was actually a boy, causing Stewie, as Karina, to come on to her. Julie insists that she is not a lesbian, so Stewie decides to unveil his true identity to the entire cast during a live taping of the show. Shocked that Karina was actually a boy, Julie's mother refuses to let her speak to him, with Stewie left to regret his decision to come out as a cross-dresser, and decides to go get ice cream with Brian, as he can no longer wear that dress. Meanwhile, Peter begins to insult Lois about her advancing age, including her minor strands of gray hair. This", "title": "Go, Stewie, Go!" }, { "docid": "38475736", "text": "\"Chris Cross\" is the thirteenth episode of the eleventh season and the 201st overall episode of the animated comedy series Family Guy. It aired on Fox in the United States on February 17, 2013. Written by Anthony Blasucci and Mike Desilets, the episode was directed by Jerry Langford. The episode revolves around Chris doing Meg's chores after she catches him in the act stealing money from Lois. Meanwhile, Stewie and Brian become fans of Canadian singer Anne Murray, who guest stars in the episode as herself. Plot When Chris is teased at school for his generic brand Latvian sneakers, he asks for money but is turned down by Lois. He steals money from Lois' purse while she and Peter are out, but Meg catches him and demands that he do as she asks or she will tell their parents. Chris initially agrees, but Meg's requests go from basic sibling stuff to disturbing and criminal, such as stalking and prank calling girls going into planned parenthood and vandalizing Anne Frank's House every year. When Chris learns that Meg never intends to stop with her demands, he runs away to Herbert's house. Meg is forced to cover up the fact that Chris ran away while Herbert finds out the hard way that life with Chris is not all he fantasized about. When Chris pushes things too far by making a mess and refusing to get ready for a night out, a fed up Herbert kicks him out. Chris finds Meg looking for him. She apologizes and admits she missed him and Chris admits that they need each other to cope in the family. A regretful Herbert watches as they embrace each other and he drives away to cry about their \"break up\" to some friends. Meanwhile, on the way home from a bad birthday party for a “friend” Lois met for Stewie, she puts on music to soothe his crankiness. He finds himself captivated by the sound of Anne Murray. Brian at first insults her music, but Stewie wins him over by singing \"You Needed Me\", during which Brian flashes back to memories of playing as a puppy with his mother, then starts crying when it is done. While listening to \"Snowbird\", they disagree over the meaning of the lyrics and decide Murray needs to explain the song's true meaning. Traveling to Canada to see her, she gives them both credit along with her own explanation. When Brian uses the restroom, Murray tells Stewie that Gene MacLellan would have known more about the song, since he wrote it. Enraged, Stewie ties up Murray and holds her at gunpoint, pronouncing her a fraud for not writing her own music. Brian returns and assures Stewie that this is standard in the music industry. This just makes Stewie conclude that everyone's a fraud, he forces Murray to sing \"Snowbird\" while gagged and bound as a moose listens to the song. Reception The episode received a 2.4 rating in the 18-49 demographic and was watched by", "title": "Chris Cross (Family Guy)" }, { "docid": "42815077", "text": "\"This Little Piggy\" is the ninth episode of the 13th season of the animated sitcom Family Guy, and the 240th episode overall. It aired on Fox in the United States on January 25, 2015, and was written by Kristin Long and directed by Brian Iles. In the episode, Meg becomes a foot fetish model. Meanwhile, Stewie decides to experience the world beyond daycare. Plot During a \"graduation\" at Stewie's preschool, Brian belittles his achievements while a photographer named Evan offers Meg a modeling job; from her parents' disbelief, Peter rips his own ears off. At the end of the shoot, she is surprised to discover that her modeling is solely for foot fetish pornography. She returns home to her still-skeptical parents Peter and Lois, and brags about her potential. However, she is still unsure of herself until she is shown that she really is a success. Meanwhile, Stewie realizes his \"graduation\" is not a real achievement and decides to take a year off from school to see the world. They stop at the Rhode Island Folk Festival where Stewie disguises himself to appear older. He tries to settle in without luck and takes his act overboard. Back at home, Chris searches for online pornography after finishing his homework, and finds Meg's feet. After implying masturbation to the photos, he tells Peter and Lois while showing them the pictures, and they confront her when she starts to leave. They demand she stop modeling but she stands up to them for underestimating her and walks out to go to a party. Lois is determined to find Meg and get her away from her party. Later, Stewie and Brian fall for the same hippie girl named Cassandra. Even though they temporarily agree to get along together with her, they soon begin to set out to destroy each other's chances. Despite this, they discover she is open to a three-way, but after she leads them to her tent, she overdoses on cocaine and dies. They take her to a nearby cliff to dump her body where she lands on a pile of other bodies of overdose victims. Before rolling her body down, Stewie takes her bra off in exchange for the $40 he never got paid back for. Peter and Lois go to Quagmire's house to get a lead on the party, and discover that 50 men will do sexual acts with Meg's foot. Arriving, they stop her by apologizing for the way they treat her. When they start to leave, the 50 men stop them and state they were promised a foot. To keep the group happy, Peter and Lois use Joe's foot while distracting him by making him watch Tower Heist on a tablet and not telling him what they need his foot for. Stewie returns to school satisfied with his experience in the real world. Peter answers the door, and Joe tells him that he thinks his foot somehow became pregnant while he was watching Tower Heist. Production In an interview", "title": "This Little Piggy (Family Guy)" }, { "docid": "30554856", "text": "The tenth season of Family Guy premiered on the Fox network from September 25, 2011, to May 20, 2012 with a one-hour broadcast of two episodes. The series follows the Griffin family, a dysfunctional family consisting of father Peter, mother Lois, daughter Meg, son Chris, baby Stewie and the family dog Brian, who reside in their hometown of Quahog, a fictional city in Rhode Island. The executive producers for the ninth production season, which began in season ten, are Seth MacFarlane, Chris Sheridan, Danny Smith, Mark Hentemann, Steve Callaghan, Alec Sulkin, and Wellesley Wild. The showrunners are Hentemann and Callaghan. During this season, Peter becomes friends with Ryan Reynolds (guest-voicing as himself), the Griffins win the lottery, Meg falls in love with an Amish boy as Peter goes to war with his family, Stewie starts driving Brian's car and accidentally crashes it, Meg dates Quagmire on her 18th birthday, Chris dates a girl who looks like Lois (voiced by Elliot Page), Quagmire asks Peter and Joe to help him kill his sister's (voiced by Kaitlin Olson) violently abusive boyfriend (voiced by Ralph Garman), Peter befriends a dolphin (voiced by Ricky Gervais), Kevin Swanson (voiced by Scott Grimes) surprisingly returns to Quahog on Thanksgiving, Lois kidnaps Stewie's sick friend, Brian gets a blind girlfriend who hates dogs, James Woods makes a shocking return after being killed last season when Peter becomes an agent to Tom Tucker, Meg delivers a few home truths while scolding her family for all the abuse she personally suffered, Peter has another showdown with his mortal enemy, and Brian and Stewie travel back in time to the premiere Family Guy episode. Also, the hurricane-themed episode, \"Seahorse Seashell Party\" that was scheduled to air on May 1, 2011 as part of the ninth season ended up being aired on October 2, 2011 as the second episode of this season and during a crossover called Night of the Hurricane with The Cleveland Show and American Dad!. It was put on hold because of the 2011 Super Outbreak, which killed an estimated 346 people in the Southern United States around the time of the planned original release date. Marketing To promote the show's tenth season, Twentieth Century Fox announced a sweepstakes. The sweepstakes reportedly would provide the winner with $3,000, as well as the announcement of the winner's name during the season 10 premiere. Fox celebrated the show's 10th anniversary with an event called the \"Something Something Something Anniversary\" in which Fox hosted theatrical screenings of 3 episodes each, across 10 cities in the United States. Episodes Reception The season received mixed to negative reviews. Kevin McFarland of The A.V. Club gave a C rating for the season. Tucker Cummings of Yahoo! TV said \"Despite a one-hour finale event that delivered a few laughs, 'Viewer Mail #2 / Internal Affairs' tread far too much familiar ground, a problem that's been plaguing the series for some time now.\" He continued, \"There's a tipping point in TV sitcoms where the repeated use", "title": "Family Guy season 10" }, { "docid": "39907387", "text": "The thirteenth season of Family Guy aired on Fox in the United States from September 28, 2014, to May 17, 2015. The series follows the dysfunctional Griffin family, consisting of father Peter, mother Lois, daughter Meg, son Chris, baby Stewie and the family dog Brian, who reside in their hometown of Quahog. The season begins with a 44 minute-long crossover with The Simpsons entitled \"The Simpsons Guy\". Guest stars throughout the season include Julie Bowen, Liam Neeson, Maya Rudolph, Chris Hardwick, Emily Osment, T.J. Miller, Lea Thompson, Allison Janney, Connie Britton, and Tony Sirico. Also during this season, Joe writes a children's book (\"The Book of Joe\"), Peter and Lois open a cookie store (\"Baking Bad\"), Stewie becomes pregnant with Brian's baby (\"Stewie Is Enceinte\"), Meg becomes a foot fetish model (\"This Little Piggy\"), and Brian and Stewie take Chris back through time to help him with his history class, with the three ending in chaos on the Titanic (\"Stewie, Chris, & Brian's Excellent Adventure\"), There is also a Christmas episode with the return of Jesus, who claims that he has never had sex (\"The 2000-Year-Old Virgin\"), and Peter attempts to beat up guest star Liam Neeson (\"Fighting Irish\"). Promotion At San Diego Comic Con 2014, Fox released a trailer for the upcoming 44 minute crossover episode with The Simpsons, titled The Simpsons Guy. Episodes References External links Family Guy seasons 2014 American animated television seasons 2015 American animated television seasons", "title": "Family Guy season 13" }, { "docid": "26319165", "text": "\"Brian Griffin's House of Payne\" is the 15th episode of the eighth season of the animated comedy series Family Guy. It originally aired on Fox in the United States on March 28, 2010. The episode features Brian after he discovers an old script he had written that Stewie found in the basement, and subsequently pitches the show to television executives. The show is quickly and dramatically altered by the executives and James Woods, however, much to Brian's frustration, who nevertheless attempts to adapt to the new format. Meanwhile, Chris and Meg attempt to hide the fact that Stewie is unconscious, after they accidentally bump him down a flight of stairs in the house. The episode was written by Spencer Porter and directed by Jerry Langford. It received mixed reviews from critics for its storyline and many cultural references. According to Nielsen ratings, it was viewed in 7.27 million homes in its original airing. The episode featured guest performances by Jennifer Birmingham, Rob Lotterstein, Danielle Panabaker, Charlie Sheen, Elijah Wood and James Woods, along with several recurring guest voice actors for the series. \"Brian Griffin's House of Payne\" was released on DVD along with ten other episodes from the season on December 13, 2011. Plot Stewie rams a toy spaceship into Peter's ear, annoying him, so Peter throws Rupert into the basement. Stewie follows the bear, discovering an old television script that Brian wrote entitled What I Learned on Jefferson Street. Stewie tosses the script onto the kitchen table, prompting Lois to question what it is about. Brian suggests she read it and tell him what she thinks. Lois falls in love with it, and suggests he meet with network executives about producing the show. When Brian pitches it to CBS, the executives respond positively. While the initial casting session goes well, with Elijah Wood auditioning for the lead, the producers assigned by the executives also bring in James Woods, who performs the role in a more comedic fashion, winning over the executives. Brian's serious drama is turned into a sitcom, bringing in a live studio audience as well as a chimpanzee, and renaming it Class Holes. When Brian objects to the changes, the producers remind him of what he had tried to achieve for many years—his own television show—and threaten to fire him if he objects to the changes. Disappointed that Brian allowed the executives to change his show so drastically, Lois demands that he stand up for himself and object to everything James Woods changed about the show. The producers, however, do not take kindly to Brian's desire to start over, so Brian quits in frustration. He is disappointed that he no longer has his own television show, but Lois convinces him that it is his integrity that matters. Peter interrupts, with his own show appearing on the screen, entitled Bigger Jaws. Meanwhile, Chris sneaks into Meg's bedroom and reads her diary. Discovering him, Meg chases after Chris while Stewie walks by the staircase. Accidentally bumped by them, Stewie", "title": "Brian Griffin's House of Payne" }, { "docid": "3322004", "text": "\"Brian Sings and Swings\" is the 19th episode of the fourth season and the 69th episode of Family Guy. The episode was first broadcast on January 8, 2006. Brian meets Frank Sinatra Jr. and begins to perform on stage with him, and they are shortly joined by Stewie. Meanwhile, Meg pretends to be a lesbian after being offered a chance to join the Lesbian Alliance Club at her school. The episode was written by Michael Rowe and directed by Chuck Klein and Zac Moncrief. It received mostly positive reviews from critics for its storyline and many cultural references. The episode featured guest performances by Mark Borchardt, James Burkholder, Don LaFontaine, Mike Schank, Stacey Scowley, Frank Sinatra Jr., Nicole Sullivan, Fred Tatasciore, Audrey Wasilewski, along with several recurring guest voice actors for the series. Plot As Peter prepares to leave for work, he backs his car out of the driveway, hitting Brian, who needs treatment at a hospital. Upon Brian's return, Peter makes too much of an effort to welcome him back into the family. Meanwhile, Meg makes friends with a girl named Sarah at her school, unaware that she is about to be offered a place in the Lesbian Alliance Club. After speaking with Neil Goldman, she realizes that she is now considered a lesbian by the group and prepares to drop out; however, when she realizes the effect being a member may have on her social status (finding herself more popular as a lesbian), she pretends to be one. Meanwhile, Brian becomes depressed after the accident, but after speaking with Frank Sinatra Jr., he begins to perform with him, changing his outlook on life to that of positivity. After being told of Brian's new lifestyle, the family is impressed and encourage him to continue. However, when he is invited by Sinatra to perform with him again, their duo is interrupted by Stewie, who joins the performance. The three form \"The new Rat Pack.\" Meanwhile, Meg tells the family that she is now a lesbian, but is mocked by Lois, knowing that she is not being honest. Even as they do so, Chris and Quagmire exit Meg's closet, having attempted to film some lesbian interaction. Meanwhile, Brian and Stewie continue their performances across Quahog with Sinatra. In a drunken condition following a performance, Brian loses Stewie, which results in Stewie's ear being bitten off by a deer. Peter demands that Brian stops performing with Sinatra immediately and threatens to telephone Sinatra's \"mother,\" Mia Farrow. Angry at Peter's bossiness, Brian bites his arm, which makes Peter afraid of him; the next day, Brian tries to reconcile with Peter, but Peter, still scared, only pelts him with furniture, dishes and Stewie, angering Brian who storms off in a rage. Brian, regretful at biting Peter, quits performing with Stewie and Sinatra, resorting to drinking wine from a gutter. However, Brian regains his confidence when Stewie finds him, where he tells Brian that there are things in life which are beyond his control, telling", "title": "Brian Sings and Swings" }, { "docid": "40371088", "text": "\"Finders Keepers\" is the first episode of the twelfth season and the 211th overall episode of the animated comedy series Family Guy. It aired on Fox in the United States and Canada on September 29, 2013, and is written by Anthony Blasucci and Mike Desilets and directed by John Holmquist. In the episode, Peter is convinced that a placemat at a restaurant is a treasure map. The rumor of supposed treasure sparks a citywide search, turning the residents of Quahog against each other. Plot Peter arrives from work with foul breath. It affects his relationships with his co-workers and family until Lois forces him to go to the dentist. The dentist discovers a shrimp left in Peter's mouth for an entire week. To celebrate the shrimp removal, Peter and the family go out to eat at The Founding Father restaurant. The waiter tells Stewie that his placement is a real treasure map, then tells a probably false story about Miles \"Chatterbox\" Musket which impresses Peter, despite Lois's insistence that it is a joke. Peter tries to recruit the guys to his hunt, but fails. As Lois comes to fetch him while digging on his own, he digs up a treasure chest. Taking it home, the family discovers it contains a clue to obtaining the treasure. Despite Brian's urging to keep it secret, Peter had already gone public, launching a citywide hunt for the treasure. When the guys try to join in, Peter sends them out on their own. Following the clue, they join everyone else, but Brian and Stewie follows a slightly different angle on the clue. Peter and Lois start off to find the treasure, and abandon the family. Splitting off, Meg and Chris head out as well as Stewie and Brian (Both took a Hot Air Balloon and didn't join the others). Others also figure out the meaning and converge on Block Island. At the island cemetery they locate the grave of Timmy Musket, where Peter fights with the others (including Chris) to get the treasure, resulting in Lois abandoning him. Digging up Timmy Musket, they discover another clue inside the lid of the casket which leads them to Pawtucket. At McCoy Stadium, Peter arrives to find everyone else fighting, and realises that Lois was right. Peter returns to Lois and apologies. Peter explains where everyone is, but Lois deduces that they are looking in the wrong place and takes Peter to The Drunken Clam instead. Seeing a painting, Peter pries it off to discover a treasure chest that contains an expired Founding Fathers restaurant coupon. So, to cheer himself up, Peter decides to go to a strip club. At home, the Griffins are pleased with what they have. They then receive a knock on the door, with Peter suspecting the \"Hurry Up Shrimp\" delivery. Reception Eric Thurm of The A.V. Club gave the episode a C, saying \"Toward the end of “Finders Keepers,” the cutaways mostly become about the cutaways themselves. Family Guy has been making that", "title": "Finders Keepers (Family Guy)" }, { "docid": "6419540", "text": "\"Saving Private Brian\" is the fourth episode of season five of Family Guy, an episode produced for Season 5. The episode originally broadcast on November 5, 2006. The episode follows Stewie and Brian after they unintentionally join the United States Army, and end up leaving to serve in Iraq, only to return home when the war ends. Meanwhile, Chris joins a heavy metal band, and develops an anti-social attitude, which requires Marilyn Manson to intervene. The episode was written by Cherry Chevapravatdumrong and directed by Cyndi Tang. It received mostly positive reviews from critics for its storyline and many cultural references. According to Nielsen ratings, it was viewed in 8.45 million homes in its original airing. The episode featured guest performances by Gary Cole, Louis Gossett Jr., Juanita Jennings, Phil LaMarr, Samm Levine, Rachael MacFarlane, Denis Martel, Enn Reitel, Stacey Scowley, Fred Tatasciore and Wally Wingert, along with several recurring guest voice actors for the series. Plot A U.S. Army recruitment officer comes to the high school to hold an assembly and entices the students with a glamorized, deceptive video presentation, which impresses everyone including Chris. Chris returns home and tells the family at dinner that he wants to enlist. Lois attempts to dissuade him. The next day, while driving Stewie to Gymboree Play & Music for parachute day, Brian decides to take a detour to the recruitment office to scold the recruiting officer for trying to trick Chris through devious means. The two arrive at the office but the wait is long; when Brian goes to top-up the parking meter, Stewie walks into the office. Stewie ends up enlisting in the Army and signs Brian up as well when told there \"is a $100 bonus for signing up a buddy.\" Brian returns and is shocked. Brian and Stewie begin basic training, but Brian becomes stressed from the discipline and decides one night to leave. Stewie wakes up and finds Brian packing his suitcase, but he manages to talk him out of leaving, insisting that he had never finished anything significant in his life and that the Army will provide him the discipline he needs. With this, Brian decides to stay. After they complete their training, Stewie and Brian are immediately deployed to Iraq. The two are patrolling the streets of a village, commenting on the \"good situation so far\"; however, after the pair get caught up in a terrorist attack, they become dissuaded and decide to find a way to get out of the Army and return home. They first attempt to be discharged by pretending to be homosexual (only to discover that one of their superiors is gay). As a last resort, they attempt to get \"Wounded in Action\" by shooting each other in the foot; they do this, only to find out from another of their superiors that the Army now takes anyone no matter what, going so far as to allow two corpses to guard the ammunition. Suddenly, a soldier arrives with the news that \"democracy", "title": "Saving Private Brian" }, { "docid": "39237017", "text": "\"Total Recall\" is the nineteenth episode of the eleventh season and the 206th overall episode of the animated comedy series Family Guy. It aired on Fox in the United States on April 28, 2013, and is written by Kristin Long and directed by Joseph Lee. In the episode, after Rupert is recalled, Stewie and Brian head on an adventure to reclaim Stewie's best friend. Meanwhile, due to illness, Peter is replaced by Lois in his bowling tournament. However, he begins to get annoyed by the brewing friendship between his wife and his buddies. Plot Peter comes down with a cold that alters and deepens his voice, which Lois finds to be a turn-on. After they make love, Peter goes to his bowling match. When he recovers, Peter loses his sexy voice and decides to fall ill again to regain it. After repeated attempts, he manages to get deathly ill. Peter ends up in the hospital and is thus unable to go to his bowling tournament, so he enlists a reluctant Lois to take his place. The guys have some reservations but Lois does remarkably well, winning the game for the guys. Celebrating at The Drunken Clam, Lois joins in the guys' sex talk, whilst making a rather bold reference to her bisexuality, saying that she would have sex with Scarlett Johansson. Joe surprises everyone with three tickets to a Red Sox game just as Peter shows up to join them and they point out they do not have a ticket for him, preferring to take Lois. After the game, Peter confronts Lois about hanging out with his friends, lamenting that they are all he has. Peter joins the others but finds his jealousy and desperation leaves him out of the group. As Lois feels bad for him, she decides to help Peter regain his place, turning down a night out to allow Peter to rejoin his friends. Meanwhile, the New England Toy & Game Company recalls the teddy bears for the eyes potentially coming loose and Lois sends Rupert back. When Stewie finds him missing, Brian tells him what happened and shows him the replacement toy giraffe they sent which Stewie rejects. Stewie decides to go to the factory and retrieve Rupert at all costs and enlists Brian's help. They slip into the factory on a tour and find the recall room, only to realize there are thousands of identical bears. As Stewie despairs of ever finding the real Rupert, he spots a conveyor belt loading the bears into a furnace and discovers the real Rupert. Stewie gains access to the belt and makes his way to Rupert. As Rupert nearly falls in, Stewie grabs him and tries to retreat off the belt himself before falling in. Brian tries failed toy after failed toy until he manages to stop the belt and Stewie is reunited for good. As Stewie celebrates getting Rupert back, one of Rupert's eyes pops off and into Stewie's mouth, choking him until he suffocates. Cultural references", "title": "Total Recall (Family Guy)" }, { "docid": "4739626", "text": "Family Guy Video Game! is an action-adventure video game based on the Fox adult animated television series of the same name, developed by High Voltage Software and published by 2K, it was released in 2006 for the PlayStation 2, Xbox, and PlayStation Portable. A follow-up game, Family Guy: Back to the Multiverse, was released in 2012. Gameplay The game is split into 22 levels for the three playable characters: Peter, Stewie or Brian. Peter and Stewie have eight levels, while Brian has six. Each character has his own unique style of play. Some other characters can also be controlled by the player during small fractions of Stewie's levels, as he possesses a Mind Controller Device. These include Lois, Quagmire, Cleveland, Death and Meg, as well as other minor characters and unknown characters. Peter's levels have a beat 'em up style, similar to Final Fight, Streets of Rage and Double Dragon. In Peter's levels, the player rampages across a section of town, attacking anyone and anything in his path. In addition, depending on the player's progression through the game, Peter will adopt a different persona as a result of head trauma, giving his attacks different animations but otherwise similar results. Peter's alter egos are Rufus Griffin, Hooker Peter and A.N.N.A. (Automaton Nuclear Neo-human Android), played in that order. Peter begins and ends the game as himself. Stewie's levels resemble a shoot 'em up like Galaga or Space Invaders, but also with similarities to games like the Futurama video game. Stewie uses his upgradeable laser gun and conveniently placed \"sky hooks\" to move through various stages. He also uses his Mind Controller Device to briefly control other characters and use their abilities, most notably Death, Quagmire and Lois. Brian's levels have more in common with stealth games like Metal Gear Solid and Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell. Brian must avoid detection by those around him, and can adopt disguises to fool onlookers. A secondary element in Brian's levels is avoiding his natural urge to urinate on things. Should the player remain near certain objects for too long (potted plants, fire hydrants, etc.), Brian will be forced to pee on them, exposing himself to those around him. Out of the Mind-Controllable characters, Lois has the ability to interact with household items such as the Oven and the Vacuum Cleaner, and she is also the only character that can open the doors inside the family's house. Quagmire and Meg work as Repellents for female and male NPC's, respectively, and can force them to do certain things through their repulsiveness. Death can kill other NPC's and is immune to their attacks. The other characters have no special abilities. Chris is the only character of the main cast of the show that is not playable in any way through the entire game (Not even through Stewie's mind control), although he appears as a NPC. A key feature of the game are mini-games done in the same style as the cutaway gags that the show is famous for,", "title": "Family Guy Video Game!" }, { "docid": "40371125", "text": "\"Secondhand Spoke\" is the fifteenth episode of the twelfth season of the animated comedy series Family Guy and the 225th episode overall. It aired on Fox in the United States on March 30, 2014, and is written by Dave Ihlenfeld and David Wright and directed by Julius Wu. In the episode, Peter is asked to be the face of an anti-smoking campaign just as he has taken up the habit of smoking cigarettes, while Stewie helps Chris face bullies at school. Plot Peter takes umbrage at Stella taking extra breaks to smoke at work and decides to start smoking. He soon begins smoking every chance he gets to stop whatever task he is doing. When Peter's smoking begins to affect his sex life with Lois, she tries to make him stop but he is unable to break the habit and starts sneaking smokes during any little task, causing him to become increasingly fidgety and irritated and deteriorating his appearance. At a stop-smoking clinic, a man named Mr. Stone wants Peter to be the face of their anti-smoking campaign but Peter must continue smoking to maintain his poor health. Peter appears in advertisements and becomes a celebrity, but his health continues to suffer to Lois' irritation. After Stone discovers that Peter is unremarkable after a NASCAR event, he releases him, to Peter's sorrow. Back at home, Peter announces that he is ready to go back to normal, but Lois and Brian explain that the damage he had suffered through smoking is irreversible. Meanwhile, Brian gives Chris a ride to school, where he is confronted by four bullies. Seeing this, Stewie feels sorry for him and later offers to help him. He goes to school with Chris the next day and preps him to insult the bullies back; Chris flubs it, so Stewie hides in Chris' backpack to coach him, which is successful. The bullies later target Neil Goldman during lunch; Chris intervenes and soon becomes popular and nominated for class president as a result of Stewie's coaching. However, Chris kidnaps an unwilling Stewie to keep him handy, keeping him in his backpack. At the debate, Stewie points out that Chris has become the bully himself, and he realizes the truth. He drops out of the race and asks for Stewie's forgiveness. At home, Stewie congratulates Chris for his guts and mentions that two of the bullies who picked on Chris committed suicide over Chris' rebuttals. Reception Eric Thurm of The A.V. Club gave the episode a B, saying \"Phew. “Secondhand Spoke” is just a solid, middle-of-the-road episode of Family Guy, and after the last couple of weeks, that’s all I really wanted. Everything in this episode is pretty straightforward, within the bounds of the characters (for the most part), and doesn’t use horrible sources of humor. Exhale (with smoke). The good qualities of this episode are immediately apparent, when, after a brief scene of Chris getting bullied to set up the B-story, we jump right into the main plot: Peter getting", "title": "Secondhand Spoke" }, { "docid": "63557496", "text": "The nineteenth season of Family Guy aired on Fox from September 27, 2020, to May 16, 2021. The series follows the dysfunctional Griffin family, consisting of father Peter, mother Lois, daughter Meg, son Chris, baby Stewie, and the family dog Brian, who reside in their hometown of Quahog. Season nineteen premiered the run of the eighteenth production season, which was executive produced by Seth MacFarlane, Alec Sulkin, Richard Appel, Steve Callaghan, Danny Smith, Kara Vallow, Mark Hentemann, Tom Devanney and Patrick Meighan. Sulkin and Appel returned as the series' showrunners. During this season, Stewie says his first word (\"Stewie's First Word\"), Peter becomes an Italian mob boss (\"La Famiglia Guy\"), Peter finds out his mortal enemy Ernie the Giant Chicken is dying (\"Fecal Matters\"), Quahog gets a new mayor, voiced by Sam Elliot (\"Wild Wild West\"), Meg adopts a cat (\"Family Cat\") and Brian and Stewie go on a Terminator-esque adventure to save Stewie's life (\"PeTerminator\"). Production Casting On June 26, 2020, in the wake of the George Floyd protests, Mike Henry announced that he would no longer voice the African American character Cleveland Brown. Actor Wendell Pierce launched a campaign to become Mike Henry's replacement. It was later announced on September 25, 2020 that actor and YouTube personality Arif Zahir, who is known for voicing Cleveland in several fan videos, would be the new voice for the character. This makes Season 19 the final season in which Cleveland Brown is voiced by Mike Henry. Release The season premiered on September 27, 2020, airing on Sundays as part of Fox's Animation Domination programming block, along with The Simpsons, Bless the Harts, Bob's Burgers, and The Great North. The season premiered on ITV2 in the UK on October 26, 2020. The season is available to stream internationally in the UK, Australia and Canada on Disney+'s Star hub. Episodes Notes References External links 2020 American animated television seasons 2021 American animated television seasons Family Guy seasons", "title": "Family Guy season 19" }, { "docid": "36034266", "text": "Family Guy: Back to the Multiverse is an action-adventure third-person shooter video game developed by Heavy Iron Studios and published by Activision. The game is based on the American animated television series Family Guy, primarily the episode \"Road to the Multiverse\", as well as the episode \"The Big Bang Theory\". The game was released in North America on November 20, 2012, in Australia on November 21, 2012, and in Europe on November 23, 2012, for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, and Xbox 360. Versions for Nintendo 3DS and Wii were planned but canceled. It was the first Family Guy console game since Family Guy Video Game! in 2006. Upon release, Family Guy: Back to the Multiverse received negative reviews. While praise fell towards its humor, characters, and voice acting, the game was criticized for its gameplay, graphics, and story. When the game was available for pre-order, people who pre-ordered the game received a special level, based on Aliens: Colonial Marines, another video game based on the Aliens trademark also owned by 20th Century Fox, which was released the next February to similar negative reception. In December 2014, Family Guy: Back to the Multiverse was removed from Steam. Gameplay Players control Stewie Griffin and Brian Griffin in an adventure that pitted them against Stewie's evil half-brother, Bertram. Back to the Multiverse featured both co-operative and competitive multiplayer modes built around the characters. Extra challenge levels, multiplayer maps, costumes, and playable Family Guy characters were unlocked through gameplay. Plot Brian and Stewie are spending time at home when Bertram appears out of nowhere in a flash of light. Stewie is appalled by this, as he had killed Bertram in the past. Bertram responds by explaining that he is from another reality where Stewie never killed him, and expresses his disgust that there exists a universe without him in it. Bertram then exclaims that because of this, he will build an army from all the depths of the Multiverse, and use it destroy Stewie's universe entirely. After Bertram uses his remote to travel out of their realm, Stewie takes out his own Multiverse remote and declares that he and Brian will stop Bertram at all costs. They then travel out of their world and try to track Bertram down, but are forced to encounter his army along the way. Some members of this army are characters from the TV series, such as Ernie the Giant Chicken, Long John Peter, Evil Stewie from \"The Hand That Rocks the Wheelchair\", Crippletron from \"No Meals on Wheels\", and Santa Claus's work-overwhelmed disfigured Christmas elves from \"Road to the North Pole\". Stewie and Brian follow Bertram through seven different universes: The first universe Stewie and Brian go to was a universe ruled by Greek college students. The second universe was one that is ruled by the Amish (whom Bertram gave quick-growth seeds to in exchange for the promise that they build him a weapon). The third universe was ruled by handicapped people because they were given a lot", "title": "Family Guy: Back to the Multiverse" }, { "docid": "4278305", "text": "\"Deep Throats\" is the 23rd episode of season four of the television series Family Guy. It was written by Alex Borstein and directed by Greg Colton. Appalled at parking charges introduced by Mayor West, Brian decides to expose the corruption of the Mayor, despite the prospect of potentially destroying Meg's new career as the Mayor's intern. Meanwhile, Peter and Lois decide to participate in the Quahog community talent show with a folk singing act, as they did in the 1980s, but the couple becomes largely reliant on marijuana for inspiration and eventually fail the competition for their poor performance, despite their belief that they were singing well when under the influence of the drugs. Plot Meg is employed as an intern for Mayor West after doing an interview with him. The family is impressed by this news, and Brian feels pressured that he is becoming the \"new Meg\" due to him not having a job. Brian decides to become a taxicab driver, but soon becomes intent on exposing the corruption of Mayor West after receiving a $400 parking ticket for parking his taxi in a handicapped zone. When discussing his corruption beliefs with Meg, she argues that Mayor West is a nice person and that Brian should drop it. Stewie, after learning of Brian's intentions, decides to help. After meeting in a parking lot with a whistleblower, Kermit the Frog, Brian discovers where Mayor West will be that night, and follows him to a motel with Stewie. Spying on West through the motel wall, they discover he's in a romantic relationship with Meg. Seeing this as an ideal opportunity to take West down, Brian photographs the two together in romantic scenes and threatens to reveal them to the press. After Meg finds out, she confronts West, who says he and Meg should separate due to the negative press which will follow - because even though he's used to it, he does not want Meg's life to be ruined, stating how much he really cares about her. They separate, with Mayor West telling Meg that even though he's leaving her, he'll always love her. Brian, having secretly heard this, realizes he has made a mistake, destroys the images, and apologizes to Meg that he lost sight of what was really important. His taxicab, however, is destroyed by Cleveland, believing Brian refused to give him a ride. Meanwhile, Peter and Lois decide to participate in a community talent show with a folk-singing act they did in the 1980s. They have a hard time, however, writing new songs and start to smoke marijuana for inspiration, annoying the family. At one point, Peter rips out a piece of his guitar with his teeth and eats it, and him and Lois lie on the sofa naked in front of Brian and Stewie. At the show, they initially appear to wow the entire crowd with their performance, but, later, they realize that they lost. Chris reveals he was in the audience and then explains that they", "title": "Deep Throats" }, { "docid": "48444820", "text": "\"Run, Chris, Run\" is the nineteenth episode of the fourteenth season of the animated sitcom Family Guy, and the 268th episode overall. It aired on Fox in the United States on May 15, 2016, and is written by Damien Fahey and directed by Julius Wu. The title is a play on the 1998 German film Run Lola Run. Plot During lunchtime at school, Principal Shepherd reminds the students to nominate for this year's homecoming king. After a brief discussion, Chris is nominated by just his best friend Neil Goldman. At home, Chris announces the news to his family to Lois' concern. The next day, Chris unexpectedly wins the election, to the surprise of Lois, Brian and Stewie, who had come to console him after he lost. At home, Lois and Peter give Chris plenty of respect and congratulations for his success, causing him to act like a King. Meg however is skeptical about the votes, saying that they are part of an elaborate prank by the popular students, on account of the high school's liking of \"making unpopular kids look stupid\". Brian and Stewie attempt to sneak into the school to clarify this, but are thrown out after Brian gets distracted by two attractive teen girls. At night, they see a news story about Chris, \"a big guy with a heart of dreams\", becoming homecoming king, and realize after hearing his interviewed classmates responses that he was elected because they pitied him upon knowing of his \"records\". When Chris comes home he continues to believe he is a King of high importance and power, to Stewie and Brian's irritation. The next day, an exasperated Brian reveals the truth to a skeptical Chris, who refuses to believe it. Realizing that they were too harsh on Chris, Brian and Stewie attend the homecoming dance to support him as Principal Shepherd introduces him as the prom king. However, when Shepard introduces the Homecoming Queen, which turns out to be a memorial to a girl who died in a car accident, it dawns on Chris that they merely elected him out of pity because they thought he was mentally challenged just like his father. He angrily lashes out as his classmates for voting for him without even knowing him just to make themselves feel better, and points out that the girl was on PCP the night of her death. Outside the school, Chris reconciles with Stewie and Brian, having learned that he does not need pity, just support from his family and friends. Meanwhile, at the Drunken Clam, while Cleveland goes to the bathroom, Peter, Joe, and Quagmire head out, leaving Cleveland to pay the bill for the boys. Cleveland complains to Jerome, and they bond over more drinks. Later, Cleveland ditches his friends to hang out with Jerome, surprising them. Wanting to get Cleveland back, they decide to try and win him back through antics such as dancing foolishly on his lawn. After these attempts fail, they address the idea that Cleveland may", "title": "Run, Chris, Run" }, { "docid": "37756246", "text": "\"Lois Comes Out of Her Shell\" is the sixth episode of the eleventh season and the 194th episode overall of the animated comedy series Family Guy. It originally aired on Fox in the United States on November 25, 2012. It was written by Danny Smith and directed by Joe Vaux. In the episode, Lois has a midlife crisis leaving Peter desperately trying to keep up with her. Meanwhile, Stewie adopts a turtle from the park, but the turtle is determined to kill Stewie. Plot Lois is not looking forward to her birthday, but Brian suggests throwing her a surprise party. After Peter reads a poem that lowers Lois' spirits even further, she starts to suffer a midlife crisis and decides to turn her life around by adopting a different, younger lifestyle with longer hair after a makeover and shopping trip. Lois' lifestyle causes conflict within Peter, who is not sure about the changes but certainly likes most of Lois' new persona. But her new lifestyle soon begins to wear on him. When he gets tired at a party, he becomes a drag on Lois and she splits to party with younger girls. Back home, Brian points out to Peter that Lois is behaving like this because of the poem Peter read to her. On television, a report regarding Justin Bieber shows Lois hanging out with the teen girls. Lois sneaks into the concert intending to seduce Bieber but Peter bursts in and beats him up. After Peter demands that Lois come home and start acting her age she refuses, citing what he said to her. Peter apologizes and admits that he really loves Lois for who she is. When Bieber is called back onstage, Peter is forced to substitute \"Conway Bieber\". Meanwhile, Stewie finds a turtle in a pond in a park and decides to take him back home as his pet and names him Sheldon. Sheldon decides to avenge his removal from his natural environment by ruining Stewie's life. When Stewie has a close call with Sheldon in the vicinity he begins to get suspicious. Sheldon's revenge attempt is revealed late one night and Stewie is forced to flush him down the toilet. When he reaches the end of the sewer pipe, he returns for more revenge. Stewie finds Rupert's and a stranger's head in boxes and vows to get even with Sheldon. After Sheldon bursts into Stewie's room for a showdown, Stewie nearly loses his fight until Mario jumps on Sheldon and kills him, claiming that his life of \"jumping on turtles\" isn’t exciting, but he has to stick with it. Reception The episode received a 2.9 rating and was watched by a total of 5.77 million people, making it the second most watched show on Animation Domination that night, beating The Cleveland Show and Bob's Burgers but losing to The Simpsons with 7.46 million. The episode was met with mixed reviews from critics. Kevin McFarland of The A.V. Club gave the episode a B−, reviewing it as", "title": "Lois Comes Out of Her Shell" }, { "docid": "57411779", "text": "The seventeenth season of Family Guy aired on Fox in the United States from September 30, 2018, to May 12, 2019. The series follows the dysfunctional Griffin family, consisting of father Peter, mother Lois, daughter Meg, son Chris, baby Stewie, and the family dog Brian, who reside in their hometown of Quahog. The season's executive producers are Seth MacFarlane, Alec Sulkin, Richard Appel, Steve Callaghan, Danny Smith, Kara Vallow, Mark Hentemann, Tom Devanney, Patrick Meighan and Cherry Chevapravatdumrong. The season's showrunners are Sulkin and Appel. This season sees Brian trapped in a marriage with a dying woman (played by Casey Wilson) in a two-part arc (\"Married... with Cancer\", \"Dead Dog Walking\"), another two-part arc focused on Peter becoming a scaremongering news anchor, which lands him a job as President Trump's press secretary (\"Hefty Shades of Gray\", \"Trump Guy\"), Quagmire once again bonding with an estranged child who's biologically his (\"No Giggity, No Doubt\"), Meg qualifying for the Winter Olympics in Korea (\"The Griffin Winter Games\"), Brian and Stewie shrinking to microscopic size (\"Big Trouble in Little Quahog\"), Peter and Brian competing to become the next Pawtucket Brewery mascot (“Pawtucket Pete”), Meg becoming an Internet influencer (\"Girl, Internetted\"), Peter identifying as transgender (\"Trans-Fat\"), a meta episode where the Griffins record DVD commentary (\"You Can't Handle the Booth!\"), and Quagmire running against Brian for mayor (\"Adam West High\"). Episodes Home media This is to date, the final Family Guy season to be released on DVD, and the first time to be produced by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment. References External links 2018 American animated television seasons 2019 American animated television seasons Family Guy seasons", "title": "Family Guy season 17" }, { "docid": "6420260", "text": "\"Road to Rupert\" is the ninth episode of the fifth season of Family Guy. It originally aired on Fox in the United States on January 28, 2007. It is the third episode in the Road to... series of episodes in Family Guy. The episode follows Stewie after Brian accidentally sells Stewie's beloved teddy bear, Rupert, during a yard sale. In an attempt to retrieve him, Stewie and Brian discover that the family Rupert was sold to are former neighbours who had since moved to Aspen, Colorado. As a result, Stewie and Brian travel across the United States to get Rupert back. Meanwhile, Peter has his driving license revoked for careless driving and is forced to be driven around by Meg, which annoys him. The episode was written by Patrick Meighan and directed by Dan Povenmire. It received divided reviews, with the negative reviews going to the \"personal driver\" plot and the positive going to the \"Rupert\" plot. According to Nielsen ratings, it was viewed in 8.8 million homes in its original airing. The episode feature guest performances by Max Burkholder, Phil LaMarr, Rob Lowe, Ted McGinley, Stephen Stanton, Connor Trinneer, Audrey Wasilewski, George Wendt and Dave Wittenberg. SpongeBob SquarePants voice actors Tom Kenny and Bill Fagerbakke lent their voices to the episode as SpongeBob and Patrick respectively from archive music of the \"Campfire Song Song\" from the episode “The Camping Episode”, but remain uncredited. \"Road to Rupert\" was the third and final Road to... episode directed by Dan Povenmire, as he had left to create Phineas and Ferb (2007-2015) with Jeff \"Swampy\" Marsh. Plot The Griffins have a yard sale to sell off household items that they no longer need, but Brian accidentally sells Stewie's teddy bear, Rupert, causing Stewie to think Rupert has been kidnapped. Brian takes Stewie to the toy store to try to find a replacement, but ends up admitting he accidentally sold it, much to Stewie's anger. He attempts to retrieve Rupert by tracking DNA samples against the federal database from the money Brian was paid for Rupert. They discover the man who bought Rupert lives in Quahog, but upon arrival, they discover the house is deserted. They then see a moving truck leaving the house and follow it, with Mayor West driving. West stops at the Connecticut state line, driving them no further. West states his reasoning for this, saying \"If I enter Connecticut, I'm entering every state that Connecticut's ever been with\", and wishes the pair good luck. After a box falls out of the moving truck, they discover the buyer, Stanford Cordray (Rob Lowe), now resides in Aspen, Colorado. At this point, Stewie and Brian are on their own. To get over the mountains, the pair rent a helicopter after Stewie performs a dance for the man in the office (with help from Gene Kelly) in lieu of cash or card payments, but when Brian crashes the helicopter into the mountain, the two end up next to the entrance to Aspen. Refusing to", "title": "Road to Rupert" }, { "docid": "22122123", "text": "\"420\" (also known as \"Episode 420\") is the 12th episode in the seventh season of the American animated television series Family Guy. It premiered on Fox in the United States on April 19, 2009. The title of the episode is a reference to the term \"420\" used in cannabis culture; \"420\" premiered on bicycle day, April 19, the day before April 20 (4/20), on which a counterculture holiday is celebrated centering on the consumption of cannabis. \"420\" focuses on the character Brian after he is arrested for drug possession, which prompts him to launch a campaign to legalize cannabis with help from Stewie; the liveliness of their campaign convinces Mayor West to legalize the drug, and most of Quahog's population begins using it. The episode was written by Patrick Meighan and directed by Julius Wu. it received mixed reception from critics for its story line and cultural references, it also generated controversy from the Venezuelan government for its topic and received criticism from the Parents Television Council during a rerun. According to Nielsen ratings, it was viewed in 7.40 million homes in its original airing. The episode featured guest performances by Phil LaMarr and Kerrigan Mahan, along with several recurring guest voice actors for the series. Plot Peter, Brian, Cleveland and Joe are annoyed when Quagmire adopts a stray cat named James and prefers to spend more time with him than with them. When Quagmire goes to Vermont to buy him a birthday present, they decide to shave James as prank, but it backfires when Peter accidentally kills him. He and Brian decide to hide his body, but are pulled over by the police who, after ignoring Peter's blood stains and beer, arrest Brian when they find him in possession of cannabis. He is bailed out by the family and put on probation for drug use. He attempts to use Stewie's urine when Joe arrives to perform a drug test, only to be caught by Lois, who chastises him for going to such lengths and tells him that he has to change if he intends on doing so. However, Brian decides to start a campaign to legalize cannabis in Quahog. He and Stewie perform an enthusiastic musical number, and soon after the entire town rallies behind them in their cause. Mayor West passes a law to legalize the drug, and everyone (except for Lois, her father Carter, and the kids) starts smoking it; the town has improved as a result, with milestones such as an increase in productivity and a decrease in crime. However, Carter begins to lose money in the timber industry since hemp is being used to manufacture many products, particularly paper, and he bribes Peter to help him with an anti-marijuana campaign. Lois, however, points out that their methods are uninspired, explaining that Brian only succeeded because he was passionate about legalizing cannabis. Carter decides to bribe Brian to join his cause by publishing and shipping his novel, Faster Than the Speed of Love. Brian resists at", "title": "420 (Family Guy)" }, { "docid": "24700075", "text": "\"Quagmire's Baby\" is the sixth episode of the eighth season of the animated comedy series Family Guy. It originally aired on Fox in the United States on November 15, 2009. The episode centers on neighbor Glenn Quagmire, who suddenly discovers that he is the father of a newborn baby girl after she is left at his doorstep. While he takes care of the baby, whom he names Anna Lee, Quagmire quickly becomes reluctant to give up his sex life, and must decide whether to keep her or give her up for adoption. Meanwhile, Griffin family baby Stewie decides to create a dumbed-down version of himself, in order to perform various tasks for him and serve as his assistant, and the intrigued family dog, Brian, also wants one. The episode was written by series regular Patrick Meighan, and directed by Jerry Langford. It received positive reviews from critics for its storyline and many cultural references. According to Nielsen ratings, it was viewed in 8.28 million homes in its original airing. The episode featured guest performances by Luke Adams, John Bunnell, Max Burkholder, Noah Gray-Cabey, Christine Lakin, Brittany Snow, Mae Whitman, and Tom Wilson, along with several recurring guest voice actors for the series. \"Quagmire's Baby\" was released on DVD along with seven other episodes from the season on June 15, 2010. Plot Peter buys an amateur radio at Quagmire's garage sale and finds out that he can use it to communicate with the spirit of Ronald Reagan. Peter becomes fond of his friendship with the spirit until he learns it is Rich Little impersonating Reagan. He goes to return the radio to Quagmire, noticing a baby in a basket by his door. The baby turns out to be Quagmire's illegitimate daughter. Quagmire takes her in and names her Anna Lee. However, she greatly affects his sex life. Quagmire decides to put Anna Lee up for adoption. However, Quagmire is unable to stop thinking about Anna Lee, so the group head to her adoptive house to regain her. Quagmire realizes that Anna Lee's new parents treat her better and decides to leave her with them. Meanwhile, Stewie clones a less intelligent assistant and names the simpleton duplicate \"Bitch Stewie\". After Brian meets Bitch Stewie, he becomes interested in having a clone of his own. Stewie and Bitch Stewie comply by creating \"Bitch Brian\", who is even less intelligent than Stewie's clone and incapable of doing the simplest of chores, due to Stewie being too lazy to create him and having Bitch Stewie do it instead. The clones eventually disintegrate due to their instability, with Brian expressing the desire to lick up their remains. Production and development The episode was written by series regular Patrick Meighan, in his first working episode of the season. It was directed by Jerry Langford, also in his first working credit of the season although he would direct \"Brian Griffin's House of Payne\". \"Quagmire's Baby\", along with the seven other episodes from Family Guys eighth season, were released", "title": "Quagmire's Baby" }, { "docid": "40371108", "text": "\"Christmas Guy\" is the eighth episode of the twelfth season of the animated comedy series Family Guy and the 218th episode overall. It aired on Fox in the United States and Canada on December 15, 2013, and is written by Patrick Meighan and directed by Greg Colton. The episode features the return of Brian Griffin (who had died two episodes earlier in \"Life of Brian\") after Stewie travels back in time to save him. Plot The Griffin family goes to Quahog Mall for the annual Christmas Carnival, but they find the festivities have been cancelled, causing Stewie to go on a destructive rampage. Vinny learns that Carter, Lois's father, canceled the carnival. Peter confronts Carter, who tells him that it was cancelled because he despises the Christmas season. Peter vows to help Carter find his Christmas spirit. Peter tries a fake story letter, making Carter drink egg nog in a hotel room, and having him masturbate, to no effect. The turning point comes when Peter slyly tells a horrified Carter that people in Quahog are wondering if Carter is Jewish, which makes the grumpy old man reverse his position and green-light the carnival's return. Despite being re-established at the Quahog Mall, the Christmas Carnival fails to raise Stewie's spirits. When the Mall Santa Claus asks Stewie what he wants for Christmas, Stewie realizes he wants Brian back. Vinny pretends to be Brian, acting like an intellectual and a writer, but fails to cheer up Stewie. Trying to raise his spirits, Vinny and Stewie return to the Quahog Mall, where Stewie spots his past self from a cutaway gag from a previous episode time travelling to purchase a gift. Remembering the time travel occurred prior to Brian's death, Stewie realizes he can use Past Stewie's return pad to save Brian. Vinny appeals to Past Stewie's vanity to obtain his backpack, and brings it to Present Stewie. Stewie says goodbye to Vinny, whom he and the family will no longer have met if Brian lives. Stewie arrives in the past, saving Brian from being hit by the car. After explaining the situation to Brian, Stewie sends the return pad back to his past self in order to prevent a temporal paradox. Now unable to return and having altered his past, Stewie fades from existence as Brian thanks him for his actions. Unaware of what occurred, Past Stewie comes out of the house and wonders who Brian was talking to. In the present on Christmas Day, Brian is still alive and well, thanks to Stewie's time traveling skills. Grateful to him for saving his life, Brian thanks Stewie, who remains oblivious to his averted death, as well as his alternate self's actions. Reception Eric Thurm of The A.V. Club gave the episode a B+, saying \"Admittedly, the sweetness is undercut a bit by all the jokes about how the Griffins didn't really care about Brian, even at the end. But too much 'Christmas special' shoehorned spirit would have been empty and hollow, the", "title": "Christmas Guy" }, { "docid": "6419554", "text": "\"Whistle While Your Wife Works\" is the fifth episode of season five of Family Guy, the last episode produced for Season 4. The show originally aired on November 12, 2006. The plot follows Peter losing his fingers after an accident while holding fireworks. Behind on his work and threatened with the possibility of dismissal, he asks Lois to catch up on his work for him, to which she agrees. However, he repeatedly attempts to seduce her, eventually succeeding, distracting her from the work. Meanwhile, Brian begins dating a woman named Jillian who, much to Stewie's delight, lacks general knowledge and intelligence. The episode was written by Steve Callaghan and directed by Greg Colton. It received mostly mixed reviews from critics for its storyline and many cultural references. According to Nielsen ratings, the episode was viewed in 9.04 million homes in its original airing. The episode featured guest performances by Drew Barrymore, Bobby Costanzo, Barclay DeVeau, Carrie Fisher, Anne-Michelle Seiler and Audrey Wasilewski, along with several recurring guest voice actors for the series. Plot The opening sequence is different from many other episodes in that Peter trips during the theme song and injures a stage dancer, consequently puncturing her lung. After the fall, Peter complains that his foot is starting to swell up. Also, Stewie comes towards the camera screen and suggests they cut from the opening sequence. Quagmire returns home from a holiday in Florida and comes to the Griffins' house to tell Peter that he has smuggled some fireworks into Quahog by hiding them in his anus, despite Peter telling him that fireworks are not illegal in Quahog. Later on, the Griffins and Quagmire start to play with the fireworks. Peter attaches ten M-80s together and shows Quagmire. However, the M-80s detonate, detaching all the fingers on his right hand. With Joe's help, Peter is able to find his fingers and later gets them reattached. The next day, Peter celebrates getting his fingers reattached by going to The Drunken Clam with Cleveland, Joe and Quagmire. They decide to continue their celebrations at Pawtucket Brewery after the bar closes. Peter is behind on his work at the brewery, as he is unable to type due to his hand injury, and Angela threatens to fire him if he fails to catch up, so he asks Lois to help him. When Lois agrees to help Peter catch up on his work, Peter repeatedly attempts to seduce her. Later at the brewery, after a final attempt to seduce Lois in his office, she gives in and they have sex in front of their co-worker Opie, who runs away screaming. In the end, Peter is caught up with his work and enjoys having Lois help out and have sex with him. Meanwhile, Brian reluctantly introduces his family to his new girlfriend, Jillian. Stewie discovers she is a dumb blonde, and mocks Brian. Peter and Chris take an instant liking to Jillian while Lois and Stewie find her stupidity amusing. The next day, Brian goes", "title": "Whistle While Your Wife Works" }, { "docid": "22316661", "text": "\"We Love You, Conrad\" is the fourteenth episode in the seventh season of the American animated television series Family Guy. It originally aired on Fox in the United States on May 3, 2009. In the episode, Brian's ex-girlfriend Jillian is getting married. As he tries to move on, he starts dating The Hills star Lauren Conrad and the media begins raving about their relationship. Brian is starting to think they are the perfect match, but realizes he still has feelings for Jillian. The episode was written by Cherry Chevapravatdumrong and directed by John Holmquist. Drew Barrymore returned as Jillian, and Lauren Conrad and Audrina Patridge guest starred as themselves. In her second guest appearance on the series, Conrad played a smart version of herself, which she said was fun to do. She took the recording sessions seriously and did not do any improvisation with her lines. The show's staff was ultimately impressed with her performance, and series creator Seth MacFarlane praised her stamina and how prepared she was before the recording sessions. The episode also featured live-action sequences with talk show hosts Jay Leno, Craig Ferguson and Jimmy Fallon. \"We Love You, Conrad\" was met with generally positive reviews from critics, who enjoyed the episode and praised the live-action footage, in contrast to the negative reactions towards live-action clips of Conway Twitty from previous episodes. According to Nielsen ratings, \"We Love You, Conrad\" was watched by 6.67 million viewers in its original airing. The episode was released on DVD along with six other episodes from the season on June 15, 2010. Plot The Griffins learn that Brian's ex-girlfriend, Jillian, is marrying \"the perfect man in every aspect\", Derek. Peter has been asked to walk Jillian down the aisle, and the others are invited except for Brian. As Brian feels like he is being excluded, Stewie invites him to go to dinner at a restaurant with him, Jillian and Derek. During dinner, Brian is upset to find that Derek speaks multiple languages, is a natural athlete and a good masseur and is well endowed. After dinner, he goes to a local bar to drown his sorrows. In a drunken stupor, he meets up with Lauren Conrad, the star of The Hills. However, he does not recognize her until they wake up in the same bed the next morning. Stewie becomes ecstatic when he meets Lauren, and she invites him and Brian onto the set of the show to watch her. Against Brian's express wishes, Stewie leaks the relationship onto the Internet, resulting in a media circus and the claim that Lauren is a dumb blonde. Attempting to break off the relationship, Brian realizes that Lauren is a well-educated, articulate and rather accomplished woman who hides her intelligence from the public as American society derides intelligent women. In fact, she is one of the most intelligent women he has ever met. Brian invites her for dinner with the family, where Peter and Meg become interested in her accomplishments while Lois is not", "title": "We Love You, Conrad" }, { "docid": "19801260", "text": "\"The Man with Two Brians\" is the fifth episode in the seventh season and the 115th episode overall of the American animated television series Family Guy. It premiered on Fox in the United States on November 9, 2008. The episode centers on anthropomorphic dog Brian after he is injured during a stunt being enacted by his owner, Peter, after he watches Jackass with his friends. The family comes to realize that Brian may be getting too old, so Peter brings home a new, optimistic dog. Brian is prompted to leave when his family begins to favor New Brian over him. The episode was written by John Viener and marked the directorial debut of Dominic Bianchi. It received generally favorable reviews from critics for its storyline and various cultural references. According to Nielsen ratings, the episode was viewed by 8.60 million households in its original airdate. Johnny Knoxville, Will Sasso and Camille Guaty provided guest performances in the episode. Plot After watching Jackass, Peter and his friends, Cleveland, Quagmire, and Joe are impressed into filming their own highly dangerous stunts. In one stunt, Peter attempts to jump a lake but instead crashes into a tree, causing him to fall into the lake and become incapacitated. Brian swims out to save him from drowning, but strains his back during the rescue and also ends up stranded in the water along with Peter, before being rescued by Joe. Lois berates Peter for his actions, since Brian is becoming old and has been smoking and drinking. Peter begins to grow upset about their dog's age, so he buys another dog and names him New Brian. His positive attitude and desirable personality make Brian feel like an outcast, especially when the Griffins begin to ignore him. He ultimately decides to leave the house, while his family begins to miss him. Meanwhile, New Brian's constant cheerfulness begins to aggravate Stewie. Stewie pleads for Brian to return, but he informs him that as long as New Brian is there, he has no place in the Griffin household. Stewie reveals to New Brian that he does not like several of his traits, including how he humps the leg of one of their chairs; in response, New Brian responds that Stewie's teddy bear, Rupert, enjoys his humping, and smugly reveals that he had humped Rupert non-consensually for two straight hours the day before. An enraged Stewie kills and dismembers New Brian offscreen, disposes of his bloody remains in the garbage and forges a suicide note for his family. The Griffins ultimately accept Brian back, while Stewie, traumatized by what has happened to Rupert, frantically washes him in the shower. Production \"The Man with Two Brians\" was written by John Viener and directed by Dominic Bianchi. In the storyboard animatic scene of Brian's rescue of a drowning Peter, music from Rambo: First Blood Part II was used. The scene in which Peter broke his neck and the design of New Brian were both based on drawings by creator Seth MacFarlane.", "title": "The Man with Two Brians" }, { "docid": "40371104", "text": "\"Life of Brian\" is the sixth episode of the twelfth season and the 216th overall episode of the animated comedy series Family Guy. It aired on Fox in the United States and Canada on November 24, 2013, and is written by Alex Carter and directed by Joseph Lee. The episode revolves around the death of Brian Griffin, after being struck by a car, and the family coping with the loss by adopting a replacement dog, Vinny. Plot Brian and Stewie flee a band of hostile Native Americans in a Jeep. Brian explains that on a trip to Jamestown in the past, Stewie gave the Native Americans guns which were used to wipe out the Europeans, leaving the Native Americans in charge of America. Stewie finds his return pad destroyed by bullets and decides to ask the alternate timeline Stewie for help. Going to the equivalent of their house, they find a new time machine and pad, then return to Jamestown. As soon as their original counterparts leave, they take back the guns and return to the proper time. Tired of their close calls, Stewie destroys his time machine at the junkyard. While there, Stewie and Brian find a street hockey net and take it home. The first time they set it up, Brian is hit and critically injured by an out-of-control driver. The Griffins learn that Brian's injuries are fatal, and the family says their goodbyes. Before he dies, Brian expresses his love for the family. While picking up the broken pieces of the hockey net, Stewie blames himself and the time machine for Brian's death. Stewie tries to rebuild the time machine and use it to save Brian, but finds that his dealer is unable to supply him with needed parts due to his connection being killed for accidentally drawing Muhammad. The family and friends hold a funeral for Brian. A month later, the Griffin family still misses Brian dearly. Lois decides the best way for them to recover is to get a new dog. Peter chooses an Italian smooth-talking dog named Vinny at the pet shop. At home, Vinny offers to make dinner and ingratiates himself with the family. At the Drunken Clam, Peter introduces Vinny to Joe and Quagmire and they become drinking buddies. Stewie is not happy with Vinny and decides to ruin him. Stewie feeds him some sad Italian news hoping to break his heart, but Chris ruins it for Stewie. Later, Vinny hears Stewie crying and realizes he is still upset over Brian. Vinny offers some comfort, talking about the death of his previous owner Leo, and proving he knows what it is like to lose a best friend. Vinny says even in the pet shop, he felt a kinship with the Griffin family. Stewie accepts Vinny into the family. That night, Vinny goes to sleep beside Stewie's bed. Production In November 2013, Family Guy writer Steve Callaghan told E! about why they decided to kill off Brian in the episode, saying: \"Well, this", "title": "Life of Brian (Family Guy)" }, { "docid": "45049578", "text": "The fourteenth season of Family Guy aired on Fox in the United States from September 27, 2015, to May 22, 2016. The season contained 20 episodes. The series follows the dysfunctional Griffin family, consisting of father Peter, mother Lois, daughter Meg, son Chris, baby Stewie and the family dog Brian, who reside in their hometown of Quahog. Season 14 contains the series' 250th episode, which is the season premiere. Guest stars for the season include Joe Buck, Kyle Chandler, Glenn Close, Anil Kapoor, Kate McKinnon, John Mellencamp, Ed O'Neill, Liam Payne, Louis Tomlinson, and Neil deGrasse Tyson. During this season, the guys head to South Korea after discovering Quagmire's past as a Korean soap-opera star (\"Candy, Quahog Marshmallow\"), Chris becomes a registered sex offender (\"An App a Day\"), Stewie has a nightmare and sends Brian into his mind to find the root of the problem (\"A Lot Going on Upstairs\"), Stewie builds a robot friend (\"Guy, Robot\"), Peter's drunken antics gets the town's drinking age raised to 50 years old (\"Underage Peter\"), Brian and Stewie get hooked on Adderall (\"Pilling Them Softly\"), Peter reunites with his bullying estranged sister (\"Peter's Sister\"), and Chris runs for homecoming king (\"Run, Chris, Run\"). Episode list References External links Family Guy seasons 2015 American animated television seasons 2016 American animated television seasons", "title": "Family Guy season 14" }, { "docid": "6420204", "text": "\"Barely Legal\" is the eighth episode of season five of Family Guy. The episode originally broadcast on December 17, 2006. The plot sees Meg developing an obsession with Brian after he accompanies her as her date for the Junior Prom, eventually leading to her kidnapping Brian in order to rape him. Meanwhile, Peter and his friends join the Quahog Police Department to assist Joe with his work, but find being a police officer is not always about action. The episode was written by Kirker Butler and directed by Zac Moncrief. It received mostly positive reviews from critics for its storyline and many cultural references, in addition from receiving criticism from the Parents Television Council. According to Nielsen ratings, it was viewed in 8.48 million homes in its original airing. The episode featured guest performances by Drew Barrymore, Barclay DeVeau, Phil LaMarr, Kerrigan Mahan, Natasha Melnick, Garrett Morris, Tamera Mowry and Lisa Wilhoit. The episode won an Annie Award for \"Writing in an Animated Television Production.\" Plot After watching Romancing the Stone on TV, Mayor Adam West deploys the entire Quahog Police Department to Cartagena, Colombia to search for one of the film's characters, Elaine Wilder. Peter, Cleveland and Quagmire join the police department's skeleton crew to assist Joe, who has been left behind due to his disability as parts of Cartagena are not wheelchair-accessible. Meanwhile, Meg feels suicidal because she does not have a date for her Junior Prom. Even her backup boy, Jimmy, turned her down by shooting his younger brother to attend his funeral. As a last resort, Brian agrees to take her to the prom. As the evening progresses, he becomes increasingly drunk from a whisky flask he brought with him. When Connie D'Amico insults Meg, Brian defends her by telling Connie about her inevitable future, and he and Meg make out. After the dance, Meg begins to think Brian is her boyfriend, despite Brian saying he does not have romantic feelings for her and citing his existing relationship with Jillian. Meg develops an obsession with Brian, even baking him a pie and using her hair, implied to be her pubic ones, as one of the ingredients. Stewie arrives and sits next to Brian and asks if he can have some pie. He then asks for the \"Cool Hwhip\" (this is the first in a series of occasions where Stewie puts emphasis on the \"h\" sound in a word starting with \"wh\"). Brian starts to lose control of the situation and has to admit to Lois that he and Meg kissed. Lois is enraged at the news, and orders him to straighten it out on his own. Brian goes up to Meg's room and tells her he is not attracted to her. However, Meg refuses to take \"no\" for an answer. Later that night, she knocks Brian out, puts him in the trunk of his car and drives away. Chris sees this and tells Lois, and she, Peter, Cleveland, Joe and Quagmire track them down at the", "title": "Barely Legal (Family Guy)" }, { "docid": "7386211", "text": "\"Movin' Out (Brian's Song)\" is the second episode of the sixth season of the American animated television series Family Guy. The 100th overall, the episode originally aired on Fox in the United States on September 30, 2007. It was written by John Viener and directed by Cyndi Tang. In the episode, Peter convinces Brian to move in with his girlfriend Jillian and Stewie tags along to help pay the rent. Meanwhile, Meg and Chris get jobs at the convenience store where Chris befriends the manager, prompting Meg to do all the hard work. The episode title is a reference to the Billy Joel song \"Movin' Out (Anthony's Song)\" and the film Brian's Song. This episode marks the end of Brian and Jillian's relationship, which started in season five. \"Movin' Out (Brian's Song)\" received generally positive reviews from critics, who praised the episode for having a continuous storyline. Critics also praised Drew Barrymore's performance as Jillian and considered it sorrowful that her character was written out of the series. The episode was viewed by 7.95 million viewers in its original airing, according to Nielsen ratings. \"Movin' Out (Brian's Song)\" was released onto DVD along with five other episodes from the season on October 21, 2008. Plot Brian turns down a chance to see Disney on Ice with Jillian, so she decides to give his ticket to Peter. Brian claims to be relieved, telling Lois he has been feeling smothered lately and needs to focus on his writing. After Peter and Jillian spend the entire day together and greatly enjoy each other's company, Peter convinces Jillian to either force Brian to move in with her, or leave him. Brian is angry at Peter for doing this, as he feels it is too soon for them to have a committed relationship, but after Lois warns him that he is not being fair on Jillian, he agrees to get an apartment with her. Much to his surprise, Brian has a good time living with Jillian, but he realizes that he cannot pay the rent by himself and decides to allow Stewie, who now makes money with his own paper route, to move in with them. When Brian does not tell Jillian that Stewie is helping with the rent, Stewie quickly gets in the way of Brian and Jillian's happiness living together. After arguing with Brian one night while he is having sex with Jillian, Stewie reveals that he is paying half the rent, prompting Brian to admit he never wanted to move in with Jillian at all. Heartbroken, Jillian leaves Brian, who blames Stewie for ruining the relationship until Stewie tells him it is himself that ruined the relationship due to his initial unwillingness to commit to Jillian. After many failed attempts to lift a saddened Brian's spirits, Stewie convinces Brian to try to get Jillian back. Brian goes to her apartment and asks her to take him back, only to find that she is on a date with Mayor West, who comforted her", "title": "Movin' Out (Brian's Song)" }, { "docid": "19319233", "text": "The Griffin family is a fictional family and main characters in the animated television series Family Guy, and who also appear in The Cleveland Show. The Griffins are a dysfunctional family consisting of the married couple Peter and Lois, their three children Meg, Chris, and Stewie, and their anthropomorphic dog Brian. They live at 31 Spooner Street in the fictional town of Quahog, Rhode Island. Their family car resembles a red seventh-generation Ford Country Sedan. They were created by Seth MacFarlane, in model of his two animated films, The Life of Larry and Larry & Steve. The family and the show itself debuted on January 31, 1999, after Super Bowl XXXIII, in the episode \"Death Has a Shadow\". Alongside the six main family members, there are a number of other major and minor characters in their family. The most common recurring characters are Lois's parents Carter and Barbara Pewterschmidt, and Peter's now-deceased parents Francis and Thelma Griffin, except for his biological father named Mickey McFinnigan. Other recurring family members include Lois's two siblings, Carol and Patrick, as well as Brian's cousin Jasper. He also has two late children namely Peter Griffin Jr., who died due to Peter shaking him too much and Dave Griffin, the twin of Stewie whom Stewie killed in Lois' womb. There are also other kids that he has due to his sperm donations like Bertram. Creation MacFarlane conceived the idea for Family Guy in 1998, developing it out of his two short films. MacFarlane caught the attention of Fox, and was given $50,000 to make a pilot episode. MacFarlane completed the 11-minute pilot after six months of hand animation. Upon review, Fox gave the green light to Family Guy as a series. Although Family Guys cancellation was initially announced after the second season, Fox decided to make a third season, after which it was cancelled in 2002. However, reruns on Adult Swim drove up interest in the show, and its DVD releases did quite well, selling over 2.2 million copies in one year, which renewed network interest. Family Guy returned to production in 2004, making four more seasons (for a total of seven) and a straight-to-DVD special, Stewie Griffin: The Untold Story. The show celebrated its official 100th episode during its sixth season in November 2007, resulting in the show's syndication. The show is contracted to continue producing episodes. Casting Seth MacFarlane voices three of the show's main characters, Peter Griffin, Brian Griffin and Stewie Griffin. He has stated that he already knew what kind of voice he was looking for the main characters so it was easier to do it himself. Peter's voice is inspired by the voice of a security guard MacFarlane overheard talking while attending the Rhode Island School of Design. Stewie's voice was based on the voice of English actor Rex Harrison, particularly based on Harrison's performance in the 1964 musical drama film My Fair Lady. Brian's voice is MacFarlane's regular speaking voice. In addition MacFarlane provides the voice of various recurring", "title": "Griffin family" }, { "docid": "50669648", "text": "Joseph S. Vaux (born 1972, in Islip, New York) is an American animator, and artist who works as a storyboard artist and animation director on TV show Family Guy. Vaux created the artwork for the character Goliath on the TV series Resident Alien. He lives in Culver City, California. Family Guy episodes Joe Vaux has directed the following episodes: \"Mr. and Mrs. Stewie\" \"Lois Comes Out of Her Shell\" \"Turban Cowboy\" \"A Fistful of Meg\" (also co-written with Dominic Bianchi) \"Grimm Job\" \"Chap Stewie\" \"Stewie, Chris, and Brian's Excellent Adventure\" \"Roasted Guy\" \"Peter, Chris, & Brian\" \"A Lot Going on Upstairs\" \"Inside Family Guy\" \"Peter's Def Jam\" \"Three Directors\" \"Send in Stewie, Please\" \"Big Trouble in Little Quahog\" \"Trump Guy\" \"Girl, Internetted\" \"Peter & Lois' Wedding\" \"Boys & Squirrels\" \"The Fatman Always Rings Twice\" References External links Joe Vaux interview at wowxwow.com Living people 1972 births American animators American television directors American animated film directors", "title": "Joe Vaux" }, { "docid": "3670042", "text": "Patriot Games is the 20th episode of the 4th season of the animated television series Family Guy. It originally aired on Fox on January 29, 2006, a week before Super Bowl XL, fitting the theme of the episode. In it, Peter goes to his high school reunion and meets Tom Brady. After Peter runs to the bathroom and tackles most of the people in his way, Brady hires him for the New England Patriots. Peter wins many games for the Patriots but is fired for showboating and is traded to a team in London called the Sillinannies. Peter plays versus the Patriots and loses, but still receives Brady's respect before he and the Griffin family return home. Meanwhile, Stewie becomes a bookie who violently attacks Brian until he pays off his debt. \"Patriot Games\" was written by Mike Henry and directed by Cyndi Tang, Pete Michels, Peter Shin and Dan Povenmire, and guest starred Tom Brady, Troy Brown, Jay Leno, Carol Channing, and Bob Costas as themselves. The episode received positive reviews from critics and finished as the 55th most-watched program of the week. Plot summary At his high school reunion, Peter pretends to be a secret agent-astronaut-millionaire who wears a cowboy hat to impress his classmates, but the truth comes out when he meets Tom Brady. He subsequently gets drunk and has to make a run for the bathroom, knocking over everyone between him and the bathroom. Brady is impressed and gets Peter a spot on the New England Patriots football team as the starting center. Peter is soon fired for showboating in a game versus the Dallas Cowboys, driving on to the field then performing a massively-choreographed version of the song \"Shipoopi\" after scoring one touchdown. He is traded to the London Sillinannies, who apparently have no clue on how to play football. Peter decides to turn them around and challenges Brady to a game between the Sillinannies and the Patriots. On the opening kickoff, Peter's teammates become terrified of the Patriots rushing toward them and run away, leaving Peter to face them alone. He tries and is immediately tackled. However, Brady compliments Peter on having the nerve to stand up to them, having now regained his respect. Meanwhile, Stewie becomes a bookie and takes a $50 bet from Brian on a Celebrity Boxing match pitting Mike Tyson against Carol Channing. Brian bets on Tyson and loses, as Channing kept getting up no matter how many times Tyson knocks her down. Stewie comes to collect, but Brian laughs him off, so Stewie tells him to have the money in 24 hours. After 24 hours, Stewie asks for the money owed, but Brian says he does not have it and to give him until next Friday. Stewie reveals that he is serious about settling the bet and brutally beats up Brian, breaking his glass of orange juice over his head, beating him with a towel rack, and slamming his head in the toilet. Stewie attacks him on another occasion,", "title": "Patriot Games (Family Guy)" }, { "docid": "34561978", "text": "The twelfth season of Family Guy aired on Fox from September 29, 2013, to May 18, 2014. The series follows the Griffin family, a dysfunctional family consisting of father Peter, mother Lois, daughter Meg, son Chris, baby Stewie, and the family dog Brian, who reside in their hometown of Quahog. During this season, Peter gets a vestigial twin (\"Vestigial Peter\"); the Griffins travel to Italy (\"Boopa-dee Bappa-dee\"); Quagmire and Peter form a folk band (\"Into Harmony's Way\"); and, as confirmed by series creator Seth MacFarlane, Cleveland moves back to Quahog along with his family, since The Cleveland Show was cancelled (\"He's Bla-ack!\"). Also, as mentioned by Steve Callaghan in the 2013 Comic-con Panel, a member of the Griffin family was killed off in a special episode. After much speculation, that member was Brian, after being hit by a motorist in the episode \"Life of Brian\". This elicited strongly negative reactions from fans of the show, and a petition demanding Brian to be resurrected garnered over 100,000 signatures. His death turned out to be only temporary as in the episode \"Christmas Guy\", Stewie goes back in time and saves him, effectively changing the future so that he never dies. The show was initially airing in its usual timeslot of 9:00 PM Eastern. Beginning on March 9 and continuing for the rest of the season, Family Guy moved to 8:30 PM Eastern; the move came as a result of the addition of Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey to the network's lineup. Guest stars for the season include Conan O'Brien, Lea Thompson, Jeff Daniels, Michelle Dockery, Tony Sirico, Yvette Nicole Brown, Gary Cole, Lauren Bacall, Liam Neeson, Bryan Cranston, Adam Levine, and Ariana Grande. This is the last season to be secondarily composed by Ron Jones, leaving Walter Murphy in charge of the musical score for the rest of the series. Marketing At San Diego Comic Con 2013, It was revealed by showrunner Steve Callaghan that one member of the Griffin Family would be killed off. Though many assumed to be Meg Griffin, the cast remained silent. This would later be revealed, with Brian Griffin being killed off. In addition, a preview was released. It was also revealed that a crossover episode with The Simpsons was in the works, which released in September 2014, titled The Simpsons Guy. Episodes Reception References External links Family Guy seasons 2013 American animated television seasons 2014 American animated television seasons", "title": "Family Guy season 12" }, { "docid": "43782782", "text": "\"Baking Bad\" is the third episode of the thirteenth season of the animated sitcom Family Guy, and the 234th episode overall. It aired on Fox in the United States on October 19, 2014, and is written by Mark Hentemann and directed by Jerry Langford. In the episode, Peter opens a cookie shop with Lois while Stewie develops a drinking problem after Brian gives him cough medicine to help him sleep. The title is a play on the television series Breaking Bad, which aired from 2008 to 2013. Plot Tom Tucker reports on the news about an earthquake that struck Haiti. After seeing the news, Lois organizes a blood drive, and bribes a reluctant Peter into giving blood with cookies that she had made using one of her grandmother's recipes. Peter enjoys the cookie so much he encourages her to open a cookie store together. Going to the bank to get a loan, her cookies win over the bank manager Cookie Monster, who gives the loan officer the approval to let Peter and Lois open a cookie shop, which they call \"Peter's Wife's Cookies\". As business at the shop is slow, Peter asks Quagmire, Cleveland, and Joe how to increase sales. Taking Quagmire's advice that \"sex sells\", Peter employs bikini beauties Cookie, Sugar, Spice, Cinnamon, Brown Sugar, and Butter to work at the shop. Lois is upset until she finds that the idea has made a lot of money and reluctantly agrees to go along with it. When Peter takes the stunt to the extreme by turning the cookie shop into a strip club, an enraged Lois quits. An apologetic Peter arrives home and admits he was wrong. Lois gets out of the loan by turning the shop back over to the bank. Meanwhile, Stewie has trouble sleeping when Lois is not around to tell him a bedtime story and not even the Sandman can get him to sleep. To remedy this, Brian slips him some prescription-strength cough medicine so the alcohol will help him. However, Stewie becomes drunk from abusing the medicine and starts acting erratically, leading to a drunken Big Wheel accident where he injures another child. The next day, he arrives home to find Brian and his toys have arranged an intervention for his addiction. After successfully taking care of Stewie, Brian has to break up a masturbation intervention he held for Chris because all his friends are sitting in a circle. Production This is the final episode to be written by longtime executive producer and writer Mark Hentemann who left the series after completion of this episode to work on his own series Bordertown. In a cutaway, Peter eats the hair of Connie Britton, who voices herself. Family Guy executive producer Steve Callaghan said \"Especially if you saw her in Friday Night Lights, her hair just looks so yummy, you want to take a bite of it.\" Reception The episode received an audience of 4.74 million, making it the fourth-most watched show on Fox that night, after", "title": "Baking Bad" }, { "docid": "42815049", "text": "\"Our Idiot Brian\" is the eighth episode of the thirteenth season of the animated sitcom Family Guy, and the 239th episode overall. It aired on Fox in the United States on January 11, 2015, and is written by Aaron Lee and directed by John Holmquist. The title is a play on the film Our Idiot Brother. The episode centers on Brian failing an SAT test, leading the family into thinking that he is not as smart as he claims to be, although Peter shows him the upside to being unintelligent. The cause of Brian's change in behavior is found to be a brain tumor, and Stewie longs for Brian to have it removed to return to normal. Plot Meg worries about passing her SAT to get into college, so her friends suggest she hire a smart person to take the test for her. She convinces Brian to do so, inflating his ego by reciting quotes from his novel Faster Than the Speed of Love. Brian disguises himself as Meg, goes to school and takes the test for her. Meg shows Brian that he failed badly, scoring just 1,000 out of 2,400. Deciding to spread the news that the remainder of the story will not be a \"Meg episode\", Chris rides off on his horse, Artemis. When he arrives in the village, Chris forgets what he is going to say and claims that Brian is getting another book published. Peter tries to get Brian to look on the bright side of being less intelligent, and together they do low-brow activities like watching a demolition derby and visiting Orlando, Florida. However, Stewie is puzzled about Brian's change in attitude as being very uncharacteristic of him. When Brian suffers a massive nosebleed and collapses, he is rushed to the hospital and Dr. Hartman reveals that Brian has a benign brain tumor, which has caused a decline in his intelligence. The family members are split on whether Brian should have the surgery to remove it, with Stewie wanting Brian to return to his old self and Brian enjoying his newfound life of enjoyable stupidity. Stewie uses the lure of a fake Kenny Chesney concert to take Brian to \"cultured\" activities like the opera, yoga, and an upscale restaurant instead. However, Brian fully embraces being less intelligent and Stewie gives up and decides to adjust to the new reality, until Brian and Peter decide to enjoy a garage-set \"London Fog\" night, where they will take long and deep breaths as the exhaust from the car, envelopes them, and Stewie realizes Brian's behavior is actually going to kill him. Deciding to use his stupidity against him, he tricks Brian into getting the operation by claiming that it is an operation to graft him another penis. Brian agrees to come along as he could watch Black Swan and shoot one load at Natalie Portman and another load at Mila Kunis (the actress who portrays Meg; Stewie also interrupts before Brian can say her name). At the hospital,", "title": "Our Idiot Brian" }, { "docid": "50494675", "text": "Family Guy is an American animated comedy franchise created by Seth MacFarlane and originally developed for Fox. Consisting of two television series: Family Guy (1999–present) and The Cleveland Show (2009–2013), the franchise primarily focuses on the Griffin family (Peter, Lois, Meg, Chris, Stewie, and Brian) and their friends and associates. The franchise also shares a fictional universe with American Dad! (2005–present), another series developed by MacFarlane with the same art style, to which it features numerous crossovers and shared characters. Television series Family Guy (1999–present) Family Guy is an American animated sitcom created by Seth MacFarlane for Fox. The series centers on the Griffins, a family consisting of parents Peter and Lois; their children, Meg, Chris, and Stewie; and their anthropomorphic pet dog, Brian. The show is set in the fictional city of Quahog that is located in Rhode Island (a place that actually exists), and exhibits much of its humor in the form of metafictional cutaway gags that often lampoon American culture. The family was conceived by MacFarlane after developing two animated films, The Life of Larry and Larry & Steve. MacFarlane redesigned the films' protagonist, Larry, and his dog, Steve, and renamed them Peter and Brian, respectively. MacFarlane pitched a seven-minute pilot to Fox in 1998, and the show was greenlit and began production. Shortly after the third season of Family Guy had aired in 2002, Fox canceled the series with one episode left unaired. Adult Swim aired that episode in 2003, finishing the series' original run. However, favorable DVD sales and high ratings for syndicated reruns on Adult Swim convinced the network to renew the show in 2004 for a fourth season, which began airing on May 1, 2005. The Cleveland Show (2009–2013) MacFarlane co-created—alongside Mike Henry and Richard Appel—the Family Guy spin-off The Cleveland Show, which premiered September 27, 2009. They began discussing the project in 2007. Appel and Henry served as the show's executive producers and showrunners, handling the day-to-day operations, with limited involvement from MacFarlane. Henry and Appel conceived the show as \"more of a family show, a sweeter show\" than Family Guy. The first season consisted of 22 episodes, and the show was picked up by Fox for a second season, which consisted of 13 episodes. The announcement was made on May 3, 2009, before the first season began. It was extended to a full second season. Appel signed a new three-year, seven-figure deal with Fox to continue serving as showrunner on The Cleveland Show in 2010. Fox chairman Gary Newman commented: \"What is special about him is his incredible leadership ability.\" The show follows the Family Guy character Cleveland Brown, who is voiced by Henry, as he leaves the town of Quahog and moves with his son to start his own adventure. Fox canceled The Cleveland Show on May 13, 2013, roughly a week before the May 19 conclusion of its fourth season. On July 16, 2013, MacFarlane confirmed an upcoming twelfth season episode of Family Guy centering on Cleveland's return to", "title": "Family Guy (franchise)" }, { "docid": "6645089", "text": "Stewie Griffin: The Untold Story is a 2005 American adult animated direct-to-video adventure comedy film set in the Family Guy fictional universe. Released on September 27, 2005, the film's main plot point concerns Stewie Griffin, following a near-death experience, trying to find who he thinks is his real father after seeing the man on TV. He travels to San Francisco, only to find that the man is him from the future. The DVD contains commentaries and a sneak peek preview of the American Dad! Volume 1 DVD. Fox eventually aired the film as three separate episodes for the Family Guy season 4 finale on May 21, 2006. Fox had several scenes cut out and other scenes altered to bring the length down to 66 minutes. The shortened and separated versions of the three segments – \"Stewie B. Goode\" (written by Gary Janetti and Chris Sheridan), \"Bango Was His Name, Oh!\" (written by Alex Borstein), and \"Stu and Stewie's Excellent Adventure\" (written by Steve Callaghan) – were aired on May 21, 2006. Plot The film opens with the premiere of the film, with celebrities such as Drew Barrymore and her date the Kool-Aid Man, the Greased-Up Deaf Guy, the Evil Monkey, David Bowie, and the Griffin family attending. Everyone goes into the theatre where Channel 5 reveals they have hired Glenn Quagmire to provide them with a bootleg copy of the film. We then see an advertisement for a new movie, People Who Look Like They Never Sleep..., starring Susan Sarandon and Vince Vaughn, and another film, The Littlest Bunny, made by Disney and featuring music by Randy Newman. After this, the film begins. Stewie B. Goode When the Griffins go swimming at the Quahog Community Pool, Peter tries teaching Stewie to swim and manages to throw him into the pool, despite Stewie begging to be put down. Lois takes Stewie to swimming lessons, after Stewie nearly drowns, where Stewie meets Brad, a child about his age who is the \"Star Swimmer.\" In jealousy, Stewie does everything he can to steal Brad's glory. As a last resort he tries to kill him by rigging a lifeguard chair with dynamite and luring Brad beneath it with marzipan; however, Stewie's detonator malfunctions, blowing up the legs of the chair and causing it to fall on Stewie, presumbably killing him. He ends up in Hell with Steve Allen. When Stewie is revived by Lois, he believes it is a sign for him to be a good boy. After Peter learns that the new video store will not let him rent pornography, he vents his frustration in front of newscaster Tom Tucker, who gives him a job at Quahog 5 hosting a segment called \"What Really Grinds My Gears\", in which he rants about things that bother him. Peter becomes extremely popular, eventually overshadowing Tucker, who is fired after attempting to distract Peter during filming. Stewie attempts to be a good boy by smothering Brian with affection. Brian finally goads Stewie into reverting to his", "title": "Stewie Griffin: The Untold Story" }, { "docid": "34521362", "text": "The eleventh season of the animated comedy series Family Guy aired on Fox from September 30, 2012, to May 19, 2013. The season consisted of 22 episodes. The series follows the Griffin family, a dysfunctional family consisting of father Peter, mother Lois, daughter Meg, son Chris, baby Stewie, and the family dog Brian, who reside in their hometown of Quahog. The executive producers for the tenth production season are Seth MacFarlane, Richard Appel, Chris Sheridan, Danny Smith, Mark Hentemann, Steve Callaghan, Alec Sulkin, and Wellesley Wild. The showrunners are Appel and Callaghan, with Appel replacing previous showrunner Hentemann. In this season, the Griffins decide to climb Mount Everest (\"Into Fat Air\"); Lois has a mid-life crisis (\"Lois Comes Out of Her Shell\"); Meg falls for a boy who turns out to like her brother Chris (\"Friends Without Benefits\"); and Brian and Stewie leap into action after they discover the company owned by Lois's dad, Carter Pewterschmidt, has found the cure for cancer (\"The Old Man and the Big 'C'\"). This season also features the 200th episode of the series. Further episode plots were revealed at Comic-Con 2012. Quagmire accidentally marries a hooker (\"The Giggity Wife\"), on episode 21,Peter becomes a meth dealer (\"Farmer Guy\"), and Chris moves in with Herbert (\"Chris Cross\"). Also, Brian and Stewie travel to Vegas by teleportation, but instead the device malfunctions and ends up cloning them, where two pairs of Brian and Stewie both go on a road trip to Vegas, with each pair having different experiences, in another '\"Road to...\"' episode as part of the season finale (\"Roads to Vegas\"). A Valentine's Day episode, aired on February 10, 2013, in which Stewie rounds up all of Brian's ex-girlfriends, who take delight in pointing out Brian's flaws (\"Valentine's Day in Quahog\"). The episode \"Jesus, Mary and Joseph!\" was scheduled to air on December 16, 2012, but was replaced by a repeat of \"Grumpy Old Man\" out of sensitivity for the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting. The episode aired the following week on December 23, 2012. Guest voices for this season include J. J. Abrams, Mark Burnett, Dick Wolf, Jon Hamm, Elizabeth Banks, Sandra Bernhard, Dan Castellaneta, Anne Murray, Christina Milian, Lacey Chabert, and Johnny Depp. On July 21, 2013, the season started on BBC Three in the UK. Episodes Reception The season received mixed reviews. Kevin McFarland of The A.V. Club gave a C+ rating for the season. References External links Family Guy seasons 2012 American animated television seasons 2013 American animated television seasons", "title": "Family Guy season 11" } ]	[ "The Boys in the Band" ]
train_7078	who made the song taking care of business	[ { "docid": "671340", "text": "\"Takin' Care of Business\" is a song written by Randy Bachman and first recorded by Canadian rock group Bachman–Turner Overdrive (BTO) for their 1973 album Bachman–Turner Overdrive II. The lead vocal is sung by Randy. Development Randy Bachman had developed what would later become \"Takin' Care of Business\" while still a member of The Guess Who. His original idea was to write about a recording technician who worked on The Guess Who's recordings. This particular technician would take the 8:15 train to get to work, inspiring the lyrics \"take the 8:15 into the city\". In the early arrangement for the song, which had the working title \"White Collar Worker\", the chorus riff and vocal melody were similar to that of The Beatles' \"Paperback Writer\" (which in turn was inspired by a Chuck Berry song Johnny B. Goode). When Bachman first played this version for Burton Cummings, Cummings declared that he was ashamed of him and that The Guess Who would never record the song because the Beatles would sue them. Bachman still felt like the main riff and verses were good, it was only when the song got to the chorus that everyone hated it. While BTO was still playing smaller venues in support of its first album, Bachman was driving into Vancouver for a gig and listening to the radio when he heard local DJ Daryl B's catch phrase \"We're takin' care of business\". Lead vocalist Fred Turner's voice gave out before the band's last set that night. Bachman sang some cover songs to get through the last set, and on a whim, he told the band to play the C, B-flat and F chords (a I-VII-IV progression) over and over, and he sang \"White Collar Worker\" with the new words \"Takin' Care of Business\" inserted into the chorus. Recalled Randy: \"When we finished the song that night, people kept clapping, stomping, and shouting 'takin' care of business' over and over. So we picked up the tempo again and reprised the song for another ten minutes. Afterwards, we all knew we had something.\" After this, he rewrote the lyrics to \"White Collar Worker\" with a new chorus and the title \"Takin' Care of Business\". The new lyrics also take a self-ironic glance at the idea of glamorous rock stars who don't really need to work, contrasted with working-class men, in a vein that prefigured Dire Straits' Money for Nothing a decade later. Along with this he wrote a revised guitar riff, which was the I-VII-IV progression played with a shuffle. Bachman says he then handed over the lyrics to Fred Turner with the thought that Turner would sing the lead vocal. But Turner handed them back, saying Randy should sing the lead as it would give himself a needed vocal break when the band performed live. The original studio version, recorded at Kaye-Smith Studios in Seattle, Washington, features prominent piano, played by Norman Durkee. The reason for Durkee's presence at the studio, and on the track, has been the", "title": "Takin' Care of Business (song)" }, { "docid": "5845807", "text": "Taking Care of Business (released theatrically in the United Kingdom as Filofax) is a 1990 American comedy film directed by Arthur Hiller and starring James Belushi and Charles Grodin. It is named after the song of the same name by Randy Bachman, recorded by the Canadian rock group Bachman–Turner Overdrive. The film is also known for being the first screenplay work written by J. J. Abrams, who later went on to make several blockbuster films, including Super 8 and Star Wars: The Force Awakens. The film follows a work-obsessed businessman who is on a business trip and loses his Filofax which is found by a recent prison escapee who assumes his identity, moves into his home and proceeds to mess up his business dealings. A number of amusing situations ensue. Plot A convicted car thief and diehard Chicago Cubs fan, Jimmy Dworski (Belushi) wins tickets to the World Series. Unfortunately, he still has a couple of days left to serve in prison and the warden, Frank Toolman (Héctor Elizondo), will not let him leave and come back. With the help of other inmates, Jimmy stages a riot so he can sneak out of prison to see the game. On the way, he finds the Filofax of uptight and spineless advertising executive Spencer Barnes (Grodin), which promises a reward if it is found. Over the next day, Jimmy takes on Barnes' identity—staying in the Malibu beach house of Spencer's boss, flirting with the boss's daughter, even taking a meeting with a powerful Japanese food company magnate named Sakamoto (Mako Iwamatsu). The fake \"Spencer\"'s unorthodox methods, such as beating the magnate at tennis and telling him about the poor quality of his food products, gets the attention of the taken aback Sakamoto. However his unconventional negotiations with the food company insult some of the executives, seemingly ruining Spencer's reputation. Meanwhile, lacking his precious Filofax, the real Spencer Barnes is spiraling into the gutter. Losing all his clothes, his car and money, he has to rely on an old high school flame, the neurotic and overbearing Debbie Lipton (Anne De Salvo) who keeps trying to rekindle a relationship with him. Finally Jimmy and Spencer come together at a meeting with the advertising executives, where Spencer's boss finally pushes him over the edge for Jimmy's work, and Spencer quits. As a consolation Jimmy takes Spencer to the World Series, where Jimmy makes a spectacular catch on a home-run ball hit by Mark Grace, who makes a cameo. When security goes after Jimmy, who was spotted on the Jumbotron, they escape by using Spencer's Filofax to slide down a support wire and out of the stadium. Spencer patches up his marriage with his wife, who had become exasperated with his overworking. Jimmy sneaks back into prison with Spencer's help, serves his last couple of hours and is released, only to find Spencer waiting to pick him up. With the promise of a beautiful girlfriend and a well-paying job in advertising work with Spencer, Jimmy's future", "title": "Taking Care of Business (film)" }, { "docid": "75940032", "text": "Norman Edward Durkee was an American composer and pianist known for his eclectic mix of classical, jazz, rock ad blues but best known for his boogie-woogie piano contribution to the 1974 Bachman–Turner Overdrive hit Takin' Care of Business. Described as a piano prodigy, he graduated from Woodrow Wilson High School in Tacoma, Washington, where he sat next to serial killer Ted Bundy in trigonometry. He had already written and performed a symphony for piano and orchestra. Durkee attented the Berklee College of Music in Boston on scholarship 1967 before returning to his native Washington state. He taught at the K-12 level at the Bush School in Seattle as well in higher education at Evergreen State College in Olympia, Washington and Cornish College of the Arts in Seattle. Durkee spent most of his career in Seattle as musical director for local productions of Hair and Tommy (featuring a young Bette Midler) as well as director of the Teatro Zinzanni, a \"circus dinner theater\" in Seattle. He would later serve as Midler's musical director. He also wrote ballets for the Pacific Northwest Ballet, scores for the Seattle Repertory Theatre, music for the 1979 experimental film The Legend of Black Thunder Mountain ; and created a comic opera for children, The Magical Marriage, for Seattle Opera. Durkee musical versatility led him to create jingles and other Ad music for the Chait-Day advertising agency in Los Angeles. Durkee's sense of humor fits in well at the agency known for its quirky approach in jingles created for clients such as Apple, Honda, 7–11, and Yamaha. Takin' Care of Business The original studio version, recorded at Kaye-Smith Studios in Seattle, Washington, features prominent piano, played by Durkee in one take. While Randy Bachman has repeatedly claimed that Durkee was delivering pizzas to the studio and convinced the band that the song needed a piano part that he could play, leading to a search for Durkee when the band realizes they need to use the performance on the resulting record. Both Robbie Bachman, media sources and Durkee himself have stated that he was actually at the studio as a musician, recording ads in the next room, when summoned by sound engineer Buzz Richmond. According to this version of events, Durkee had only a few minutes to spare, and, quickly conferring with Randy Bachman, he scribbled down the chords (on a pizza box), and, without listening to the song beforehand, recorded the piano part in one take. External links Norman Durkee on Discogs Interview with Normal Durkee References 1948 births 2014 deaths", "title": "Norman Durkee" } ]	[ { "docid": "5266873", "text": "Good Times is the twentieth studio album by American singer and musician Elvis Presley, released on March 20, 1974. The album was constructed by the first pick of a session held at Stax Studios in Memphis in December 1973 and two songs, \"I've Got a Thing About You Baby\" and \"Take Good Care of Her\", which were left over from the session at Stax in July 1973. The album includes a collection of songs that vary in style and genre. Released the same day as the recording of Elvis: Recorded Live on Stage in Memphis was being made, the title was taken from the song \"Talk About the Good Times\". Many of the songs are covers of hits at the time, like \"Spanish Eyes\" and \"She Wears My Ring\". Charting low at the time of its release, it was considered typical 1970s Elvis material and was his first album to hit the \"cut-out bins\". The album did have some success though upon its original release, becoming a Cashbox Country Albums number 1 hit and charting in the Top 50 in the UK. Original copies of the LP with the sticker on the cover (stating the singles on the album) are very rare and sell for large amounts on auction sites. The album released two singles, both hits: \"I've Got a Thing About You Baby\" rose to number 4 on the Country charts, number 39 pop; \"My Boy\" hit number 1 on the Adult Contemporary charts, as well as number 14 Country and number 20 Pop. Track listing Original release Follow That Dream re-issue Personnel Elvis Presley – lead vocals James Burton – lead guitar Charlie Hodge – acoustic rhythm guitar Reggie Young – guitar Johnny Christopher – guitar Dennis Linde – guitar on \"Take Good Care of Her\" and \"I Got a Thing About You Baby\" Bobby Wood – piano except \"My Boy\" Per Erik \"Pete\" Hallin – piano on \"My Boy\" Tommy Cogbill – bass guitar on \"Take Good Care of Her\" and \"I’ve Got a Thing About You Baby\" Norbert Putnam – bass guitar Bobby Emmons – Hammond organ except \"My Boy\" David Briggs – Hammond organ on \"My Boy\" Ron Tutt – drums Jerry Carrigan – drums on \"Take Good Care of Her\" and \"I’ve Got a Thing About You Baby\" Joe Esposito – percussion on \"Take Good Care of Her\" and \"I've Got a Thing About You Baby\" (uncertain) Mary and Ginger Holliday – backing vocals Kathy Westmoreland – backing vocals J. D. Sumner & The Stamps, Voice – backing vocals Mike Leech – string and horn arrangements Glen Spreen – string arrangement on \"Take Good Care of Her\" and \"I've Got a Thing About You Baby\" Technical Al Pachucki, Dick Baxter, Mickey Crofford, Mike Moran – engineers References External links CPL1-0475 Good Times Guide part of The Elvis Presley Record Research Database AFL1-0475 Good Times Guide part of The Elvis Presley Record Research Database Yahoo! Music page Elvis Presley albums 1974 albums Albums produced by", "title": "Good Times (Elvis Presley album)" }, { "docid": "16207215", "text": "\"All the Pretty Little Horses\" (also known as \"Hush-a-bye\") is a traditional lullaby from the United States. It has inspired dozens of recordings and adaptations, as well as the title of Cormac McCarthy's 1992 novel All the Pretty Horses. The melody is also used in the score of the film Misty of Chincoteague based on the book by Marguerite Henry. Origin The origin of this song is not fully known. The song is commonly thought to be of African-American origin. Author Lyn Ellen Lacy is often quoted as the primary source for the theory that suggests the song was \"originally sung by an African-American slave who could not take care of her baby because she was too busy taking care of her master's child. She would sing this song to her master's child\". However, Lacy's book Art and Design in Children's Books is not an authority on the heritage of traditional American folk songs, but rather a commentary on the art and design in children's literature. Still, some versions of \"All the Pretty Little Horses\" contain added lyrics that make this theory a possibility. One such version of \"All the Pretty Little Horses\" is provided in the book American Ballads and Folksongs by prominent ethnomusicologist Alan Lomax, though he makes no claim of the song's African-American origins. \"Way down yonder, In de medder, There's a po' lil lambie, De bees an' de butterflies, Peckin' out its eyes, De po' lil lambie cried, \"Mammy!\"\" Another version contains the lyrics \"Buzzards and flies, Picking out its eyes, Pore little baby crying\". The theory would suggest that the lyrics \"po' lil lambie cried, \"Mammy\"\" is in reference to the slaves who were often separated from their own families in order to serve their owners. However, this verse is very different from the rest of the lullaby, suggesting that the verse may have been added later or has a different origin from the rest of the song. The verse also appears in the song \"Ole Cow\" and older versions of the song \"Black Sheep, Black Sheep\". A generation before Alan Lomax, writer Dorothy Scarborough, educated at Oxford University and holding a PhD from Columbia University, researched folk songs throughout the American South and devoted four pages of her book On the Trail of Negro Folksongs (1925) to variations of this song, all of which were provided, directly or indirectly, by African Americans. Meaning The best-known versions of the song are written from the perspective of the mother or caretaker singing a baby to sleep. The singer is promising the child that when he or she awakes, the child \"shall have all the pretty little horses.\" An extra verse appears in some versions of the song. The added lyrics appear to be from the perspective of an African-American caretaker who is singing about how her own baby, her \"lambie\", is not being cared for due to her care of her charge. The origin of this verse cannot be known, since the refrain also appears in", "title": "All the Pretty Little Horses" }, { "docid": "22461941", "text": "Santa Baby 2: Christmas Maybe is a 2009 made-for-television Christmas comedy film and a sequel to Santa Baby. It premiered on ABC Family on December 13, 2009, during the channel's 25 Days of Christmas programming block. Jenny McCarthy, Lynne Griffin, Jessica Parker Kennedy, Richard Side, and Gabe Khouth all reprise their roles from the original film. Plot Santa finds himself in the midst of a late-in-life crisis. He has grown tired of the responsibilities of his job and is ready to pass on the reins to his business-minded daughter Mary, who feels torn between the family business and running her own high-stakes firm in New York City, along with balancing a relationship with the love of her life, Luke. The situation gets increasingly dire when Teri, an ambitious new arrival to the North Pole, sows dissension at the workshop in an effort to take over Christmas. However, it is revealed that Teri is an elf, bitter at Mary and was trying to take over Christmas. Mary manages to stop her and take care of the yearly rounds around the world. Cast Jenny McCarthy as Mary Class/Claus Dean McDermott as Luke Jessup Rohan Campbell as young Luke Paul Sorvino as Santa Claus Lynne Griffin as Mrs. Claus Kelly Stables as Teri Jessica Parker Kennedy as Lucy The Elf Richard Side as Gary The Elf Gabe Khouth as Skip The Elf James Higuchi as Dave The Elf Kris Holden-Ried as Colin Miguelito Macario Andaluz as Sandy Holly Ann Emerson as Young Woman Brendan Hunter as Jazz Club Announcer Leah MacDonald as Gift Wrapper Premiere Santa Baby 2: Christmas Maybe premiered on December 13, 2009, as part of ABC Family's annual 25 Days of Christmas programming event. The film received 3.8 million viewers on its original broadcast with a 1.2 18–49 rating. Filming Santa Baby 2: Christmas Maybe was filmed in February 2009 in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Ivan Sergei and George Wendt did not reprise their roles as Luke Jessup and Santa Claus, respectively, being replaced by Dean McDermott and Paul Sorvino. Soundtrack Alexa Vega sang the lead track from the movie, \"Christmas Is the Time to Say I Love You\" and shot a music video for the song which premiered during the 25 Days of Christmas. Amber Stevens recorded a new version of the title song, \"Santa Baby\". The songs are featured on the compilation album Songs to Celebrate 25 Days of Christmas, released on November 3, 2009, by Walt Disney Records. Home media Santa Baby 2: Christmas Maybe was released on DVD on October 12, 2010 in 4:3 full frame format. See also List of Christmas films Santa Claus in film References External links ABC Family original films Santa Claus in film American Christmas films Christmas television films Television sequel films 2009 television films 2009 films Santa Claus in television Films directed by Ron Underwood 2000s Christmas films", "title": "Santa Baby 2: Christmas Maybe" }, { "docid": "47372415", "text": "Bhai-Bhai () is a 1956 Indian Hindi-language drama film directed by M. V. Raman for A. V. M. Productions. It had screenplay by Javar Seetharaman, with Hindi screen adaptation of the Tamil film Ratha Paasam directed by C.V. Sridhar. The music director was Madan Mohan, with dialogues and lyrics written by Rajendra Krishan. One of the popular songs from the film was \"Ae Dil Mujhe Bata De\", sung by Geeta Dutt, \"in an unabrasive fast tempo\". The song became one of Madan Mohan's earliest hits, and the music of the film in journalist-author Bharatan's words, went on to \"conquer the box office\". The film starred Ashok Kumar, who played the lead role, and Kishore Kumar (real-life brothers) as the two brothers, with the film being referred to as one of Kishore Kumar's prominent films. The cast included Nirupa Roy, who played the role of Ashok Kumar's \"homely\" wife, while Shyama played the \"seductress\". The film co-starred Nimmi, Om Prakash, David, Daisy Irani, and Shivraj. The story is of two brothers, with the younger brother running away from home at an early age. The older brother gets entangled with another woman, leaving his wife and child at home. This situation leads to the meeting of the brothers, with the older one mending his errant ways. Kannada remake of this movie Kavaleradu Kulavodu was made in 1964 directed by T. V. Singh Thakur. Starring Udaykumar, Jayanthi, Kalpana, T.N. Balakrishna and Ramesh. Plot A rich businessman, Dayashankar Kumar, who is a widower, lives with his two young sons Ashok and Raj. When he catches the younger boy Raj stealing money, he punishes him and threatens to cut off his fingers. A frightened Raj runs away from home. Years pass and the older brother Ashok, becomes the owner of his father's business and property, running Superior Motors, which also extends to Bombay. Ashok is married to Laxmi and is a caring and loving husband. They have a young son, Munna. Ashok goes on business to Bombay to meet his branch manager Bulbul. He comes in contact with a young woman, Sangeeta and is soon involved in an affair with her, intending to marry her. On his return home, Laxmi finds him changed and is shocked when he decides to sell his entire business and move to Bombay. He tells her that he's leaving and gives Laxmi some money. Laxmi takes her son and follows her husband to Bombay, but both get lost in the big city. Raj, the younger brother, now called Raja, had reached Bombay making his living as a pickpocket. He stays with a street dancer Rani and her mentor, Baba. Rani tries to get Raja to give up his thieving habits and is in love with him. Laxmi and Munna accidentally meet Raja who gives them shelter. With Raja's help, Laxmi finds Ashok, but is upset when she discovers him living with Sangeeta. Soon it's exposed that Sangeeta is the wife of Bulbul, who is a rogue and wanted to get", "title": "Bhai-Bhai (1956 Hindi film)" }, { "docid": "34585246", "text": "The Luke & Duane Show were an Irish comedy rock duo from Cobh, County Cork, that consisted of members Duane Doogan & Luke Barry who gained popularity with their song \"Just Take Care, Spike Your Hair (The Broski of the Week Song)\", which is the official theme song for Zack Ryder's YouTube series Z! True Long Island Story and subsequently the follow-up podcast series, MC! True Long Island Story. They also performed the song used as the theme song for Aftermath on The Score Satellite Radio. History In May 2011, they first appeared on Zack Ryder's show in Episode 13 as \"The Broski's of the Week\", singing a brief clip of \"Just Take Care\", a few days later at the request of Zack and several other wrestlers, Luke & Duane recorded a full version of the song and released it as a single. Beginning Episode 14, the song would be used as the theme song on the show and is still used today now that the show has moved to the WWE. In February 2012, Z! True Long Island Story moved to the WWE's YouTube channel and in its inaugural episode, Luke & Duane were mentioned in a rundown of the show's one-year history. Later years It was announced on the duo's Twitter in July 2012, that they were writing and recording new material. The duo released their second single '(There's No Such Thing As) Morgan Freeman' in November 2012. They are currently on an indefinite hiatus from the group. The duo would return for one night only in 2013 for a live show in Dublin, Ireland debuting a new song 'Mick Foley will Get You Laid' and would reunite in 2015 to write a live show as a warm-up for Scott Hall's spoken word shows across Ireland, however the shows were ultimately cancelled. Other media The pair collaborated on many extra projects over the years most notably a web series 'Toilet Humour', which ran for 21 episodes in 2009 and was resurrected briefly for 5 episodes in 2012. They also co-hosted a professional wrestling podcast called Wrestling Voice Radio from 2010 to 2014, featuring interviews with Stone Cold Steve Austin, Bret Hart, Sting, Mick Foley, Chris Jericho and more. Band members Luke Barry – vocals and lyrics Duane Doogan – guitar and lyrics Discography Just Take Care, Spike Your Hair – Single (2011) Just Take Care, Spike Your Hair – WWE Version – Single (2012) (There's No Such Thing As) Morgan Freeman – Single (2012) External links Official website Official Twitter Official Facebook Fan Page Just Take Care, Spike Your Hair (The Broski of the Week Song) on YouTube References Musical groups from Cork (city) Comedy rock musical groups Irish male comedians 21st-century Irish comedians Irish stand-up comedians Irish comedy musicians Irish comedy duos", "title": "The Luke & Duane Show" }, { "docid": "2423462", "text": "One Fine Day is a 1996 American romantic comedy-drama film directed by Michael Hoffman, starring Michelle Pfeiffer and George Clooney as two single working parents, with Alex D. Linz and Mae Whitman as their children. The title comes from the 1963 song \"One Fine Day\" by the Chiffons, which is heard in the film. Pfeiffer served as an executive producer for the film, which was produced in association with her company Via Rosa Productions. The film was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song (\"For the First Time\"). Plot Melanie Parker is an architect whose day gets off to a bad start when she is late to drop off her son Sammy at school, due to the forgetfulness of fellow divorced father Jack Taylor, a New York Daily News reporter whose daughter, Maggie, is thrust into his care that morning by his former wife who leaves to go on her honeymoon with her new husband. The children arrive just a moment too late to go on a school field trip, a Circle Line boat cruise. Their parents realize that, on top of hectically busy schedules, they must work together that day to supervise the children. In the confusion of sharing a taxi, they accidentally switch cell phones, causing each of them, all morning, to receive calls intended for the other one, which they then have to relay to the other person. Melanie must make an architectural design presentation to an important client. Jack has to find a source for a scoop on the New York mayor's mob connections. Sammy causes havoc at Melanie's office with his toy cars, causing her to trip and break her scale model display. In frustration, she takes him to a day care center (which is having a \"Superhero Day\"), where she coincidentally comes across Jack trying to convince Maggie to stay and behave herself. They create impromptu costumes for the children, using his imagination and her resourcefulness. She takes her model to a shop to get it quickly repaired. Having left for a meeting, she panics when she receives a phone call from Sammy about another child having a psychedelic drug. She phones Jack in desperation and asks him to pick up the children. He agrees, on the condition that she take over their care at 3:15 while he chases down a potential news source. While in Melanie's care, Maggie goes missing from a store, and wanders some distance down a crowded midtown sidewalk. Melanie breaks down in despair at the police station, files a missing child report, and then goes to a mayoral press conference to find Jack. He is notified by the police that Maggie has been found, and makes it to the press conference just barely in time to confront the mayor with his scoop about corruption. He had earlier tracked down its source, just as she was leaving a beauty salon in a limousine. Although they have been antagonistic, Melanie and Jack work together to take the children, by", "title": "One Fine Day (1996 film)" }, { "docid": "42316903", "text": "Milaga () is a 2010 Indian Tamil-language action film directed by Ravi Mariya. The film stars himself in a negative role while Natarajan Subramaniam plays the main role with Poongodi playing the heroine. The film was released on 25 June 2010 to mixed reviews but it was a moderate success. Plot The film revolves around Azhagar (Natarajan Subramaniam), who takes care of the family’s red chilli business. But he spends most of the time with his friends and leads a happy life until he comes across three brothers who control Madurai. He earns the wrath of the evil brothers while trying to save a girl called Thenmozhi (Poongothai). The story focuses on him defeating the brothers and winning over Thenmozhi. Cast Production \"Milaga\" was Ravi Mariya's second directorial after Aasai Aasaiyai (2002). Directors Singam Puli, Jegannath, Nanda Periyasamy and G. M. Kumar don the grease paint for playing the major characters in the movie. The crew had imported a Mumbai item girl named Maushmi Udeshi to shake her legs for the song. Suddenly when the crew was unaware, a man jumped out from the crowd, hugged Maushmi and kissed her. Shocked by this, the girl had thrashed the man furiously and made him unconscious. Awed by the actress wildness and the condition of the man, the crew had carried him to the hospital. The shooting of this film commenced in Madurai and continued in Theni, Kambam, Kodaikanal and Thiruparakundram. The shooting took place for 60 days without a single day break. An enormous Karupanna Samy temple set was erected by art director Vasuki G P at the back of Thiruparakundram hills. A festival song sequence was shot in this set. Soundtrack Soundtrack was composed by Sabesh–Murali. \"Thavaniyellam\" - Balaji \"Nee Sirichupaakura\" - Krishnaraj, Ganga \"Kirukku Paiya\" - Sathyan, Prashanthini \"Enga Vandhadi\" - Janani, Vineeth, Geetha \"Samy Vandhuruchu\" - Sriram, Sabesh Critical reception Indiaglitz wrote that director is \"only partially successful in striking a perfect balance. Despite being racy, the film somehow fails to work big time, thanks to predictable scenes, especially in the second half\". Sify wrote \"first half of the film moves at a rapid pace [sic] it is the predictable second half of the film which hampers the pace\". Rediff wrote that \"movie doesn't quite capitalise on strengths\". Behindwoods wrote \"There is no doubt about what the makers of Milaka have envisioned: nothing ground breaking or novel, but a fairly enjoyable commercial ride through Madurai which has its share of uniqueness, clichés and stereotypes in equal measure\". References External links 2010 films Films set in Tamil Nadu Films shot in Madurai Films shot in Kodaikanal 2010s Tamil-language films 2010s Indian films 2010 masala films 2010 action comedy films Indian action comedy films", "title": "Milaga" }, { "docid": "36383569", "text": "JK Enum Nanbanin Vaazhkai () is a 2015 Indian Tamil-language romantic drama film written and directed by Cheran, which was simultaneously made and later released in Telugu as Rajadhi Raja (). It stars Sharwanand and Nithya Menen while Prakash Raj and Santhanam play supporting roles. The film featured songs by G. V. Prakash Kumar and film scored by Siddharth Vipin. After failing to have a theatrical release in late 2013, the Tamil version of the film had a direct-to-video release in March 2015, becoming the first venture in a new initiative launched by Cheran known as Cinema2Home (C2H). The Telugu version of the film had been indefinitely placed on hold, but was later released theatrically in June 2016, with the makers trying to profit from Sharwanand's popularity. Plot Jayakumar, commonly known as JK, is a mid-20s man who does not care about family. Instead, he is obsessed with chatting on Facebook, partying, and passing time with friends. At work, he has a group of friends with similar interests. They all plan on going for a New Year Party. Two years later, JK is shown to be a changed person – very invested in developing, earning money and taking care of his family. He is shown to make business models with an aim of earning a lot of money in a short period of time. He has goals such as getting his two sisters married and ensuring that his brother gets good education. In attempts to start business, he goes to meet a bank manager at his home. As they had to wait for the bank manager to come, JK and his friend notice that the house is not well-maintained and take on the job to organise it. Upon returning, bank manager appreciates their work and tells JK and his friend that it would be very helpful if they could help clean homes regularly. He also suggests that about 150 other flats in his apartment complex would also appreciate this service. This becomes JK's first business venture. For this, he also ropes in help from his school friend Nithya. Together, JK, Nithya, and their friends go on to become very successful with multiple projects. Later, the reason for change in JK's behaviour is explained. When JK and friends were planning to go for the New Year Party, Ravi also wants to go with them and becomes a good friend of JK. Ravi comes from a very poor background, and his family is dependent on him. After the party, the gang meets with an accident, resulting in Ravi's death and a serious head injury for JK. JK has only a couple of years left in his life. This makes him realise the importance of life, and he decides to make his family happy and make sure that they have enough money before he dies. However, JK does not tell this to anyone but Nithya. In the end, JK leaves the responsibilities of business and his family to Nithya and goes off to", "title": "JK Enum Nanbanin Vaazhkai" }, { "docid": "38272651", "text": "Take Care may refer to: Take Care (album), a 2011 album by Drake \"Take Care\" (song), its title song Take Care (film), a 2014 comedy-drama film \"Take Care\", a 1956 song by Jane Morgan \"Take Care,\" a 1978 song by Big Star from Third \"Take Care\", a 2006 song by Janet Jackson from 20 Y.O. \"Take Care\", a 2010 song by Beach House from Teen Dream \"Take Care\", a 2011 song by Jennifer Lopez from Love? \"take care\", a 2018 song by Eden from vertigo Take Care, a program developed by primatologist Jane Goodall for creating microcredit banks and educating conservation methods to inhabitants near forests and national parks, such as Gombe National Park See also Take Care, Take Care, Take Care, a 2011 album by Explosions in the Sky", "title": "Take Care" }, { "docid": "18029340", "text": "In the United States, direct primary care (DPC) is a type of primary care billing and payment arrangement made between patients and medical providers, without sending claims to insurance providers. It is an umbrella term, incorporating various health care delivery systems that involve direct financial relationships between patients and health care providers. Background Direct primary care has been promoted by certain groups of physicians as a means for patients to save money on their primary care services, as well as other ancillary-performed services such as laboratory testing, etc. Often, there are no insurance co-pays, deductibles or co-insurance fees thus avoiding the overhead and complexity of maintaining relationships with insurers. The objective is to provide better free-market competition with access to higher quality care at lower prices. Under this model, patients may pay a combination of visit fees and/or fixed monthly fees which grant them access to a set of medical services, including same and next-day appointments, which may take the form of office visits and/or house calls. Typically a direct primary care arrangement is paired with either: a high-deductible health plan, as DPC alone will not cover catastrophic health care such as most surgeries; or a health reimbursement account as the associated tax-benefits can generally be applied to DPC and other medical expense; One of the lesser known provisions of the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act in the United States can be found in Section 1301 (and amendment Section 10104). This provision allows for direct primary care to compete with traditional health insurance options in the mandated Health insurance exchange when combined with a low cost high deductible plan. Advantages Direct primary care practices do not typically accept insurance payments, thus avoiding the overhead and complexity of maintaining relationships with insurers, which can take as much as $0.10 – $0.20 of each medical dollar spent. Consequently, because direct pay members are usually automatically billed a physicians practice's cash flow can also be improved. An emerging model of direct primary care involves the medical practice contracting with self-insured (or self-funded) employers who offer the direct primary care option as a means of accessing care for free or drastically reduced office visit fees. This is also known as onsite health. The employer pays the membership fees on behalf of the employee to the DPC practice directly. This option usually provides the employee same or next business day access to care. This allows workers to address evolving health concerns rapidly in order that the condition can be treated more quickly and the number of sick days or days of decreased productivity from illness might be reduced. Many DPC practices provide phone or email access to providers so that employees or patients may not even need to leave their workplace to seek medical advice. Another emerging model is partnering with Healthshare plans where fees are sometimes reduced when participating in both a DPC practice and Healthshare plan. Coverage is more complete and affordable though still lacking for certain services depending on both", "title": "Direct primary care" }, { "docid": "6634356", "text": "\"Down Low (Nobody Has to Know)\" is an R&B song about infidelity by American singer and songwriter R. Kelly featuring The Isley Brothers, released in 1995 from Kelly's second and self-titled album (1995). The song peaked at number four on the Billboard Hot 100 and number one on the Billboard R&B Singles Chart for seven weeks, making it Kelly's fifth single to do so on the latter. It also gave the Isley Brothers their first Top 40 pop record since 1980's \"Don't Say Goodnight (It's Time For Love)\", and was Kelly's third top 5 pop record. The lyrics are from the perspective of a man who has an affair with another man's woman and tells her to keep their relationship a closely guarded secret. Critical reception Larry Flick from Billboard felt the song \"has a seductive slow groove that gives him another showcase for his increasingly mature crooning skills and flexible vocal range.\" He added \"Ronald and Ernie Isley make a fine guest appearance that adds to the track's plush, old-school soul tone. Beyond Kelly's steamy performance, there is a tightly constructed melody that is fattened by a hypnotic refrain. Instant saturation at pop and R&B radio is assured.\" Music video The accompanying music video for \"Down Low (Nobody Has to Know)\" was directed by Hype Williams and R. Kelly. Mr. Biggs (Ronald Isley) is a mob boss who sends for his employee Kelly (R. Kelly), telling him he is going on a business trip and wants Kelly to take care of his wife Lila (Garcelle Beauvais), but warns him never to touch her. The two are then seen having an affair. When the two are together in Kelly's bed, Mr. Biggs enters the apartment with his bodyguards who beat up Kelly and drive him out to the desert, where he is abandoned. The next scene shows Kelly using a wheelchair in the hospital, where he finds Lila on life support. He tearfully declares his love for her and she dies from her wounds. Legacy Ronald Isley would continue to use \"Mr. Biggs\" as his moniker, e.g. in 1998 on Kelly Price's song \"Friend of Mine\", and in 2001 on his group's song \"Contagious\", which serves as a sequel to this song. R&B singer The Weeknd called the song the reason he's in the business of making music and covered it in 2017. Chris Brown and Trey Songz both sampled this song on \"Songs on 12 Play\" from Brown's sixth album X. Pop culture references The song appeared in the eleventh episode of the first season of the sitcom Moesha and the 2003 film \"Old School\". This video is loosely based on the 1946 noir classic Gilda and the Kevin Costner film Revenge. The Isley Brothers and R. Kelly released a follow-up to \"Down Low\" in 2001 entitled \"Contagious\". In both the song and music video, Mr. Biggs returns home to find his new girlfriend (played by Chante Moore) having an affair with Kelly. Once again Mr. Biggs bodyguards come", "title": "Down Low (Nobody Has to Know)" }, { "docid": "24364708", "text": "Eddie Kilroy is a country music producer. Currently he has a show on XM Satellite Radio's Willie's Place. Early life Alva Dave Moore who later took the stage name Eddie Kilroy when he was a disc jockey in Houston, was born in Louisiana, and, as he describes his early life, he was \"surrounded by cowboys\". Thus by the time he was ten he had decided to make a living as a cowboy, and, with the support of his father, Kilroy successfully took part in youth and high school rodeos, eventually entering the professional circuit. Along with horse riding, Kilroy had picked up some skills with the guitar, and this had led him into song writing and local performances. While in Arkansas, Kilroy decided to make the trip to Nashville in order to give the music business a try. With horses in tow, he unsuccessfully tried pitching his music to Chet Atkins, only to discover that \"you needed an appointment and they didn't care I had two horses in their parking lot\". Kilroy noticed that Faron Young's offices were nearby, and thus he made a second attempt. Young was not impressed by the music, but recommended that Kilroy move to Nashville and continue writing, reportedly stating that \"Every time you write a song, I want you to bring it over here and sing it to me.\" Although he did not immediately take Young's advice, choosing instead to return to the rodeo circuit, in the early 1960s Kilroy decided to follow Young's suggestion and moved to Nashville in order to pursue a career in the music industry. Career After moving to Nashville, Kilroy gained a position as a producer at Mercury Records. Kilroy's first studio record, produced in 1968, proved to be a hit for Jerry Lee Lewis — and made Kilroy the \"one man responsible\" for changing the fortunes of Jerry Lee Lewis' flagging career. Kilroy suggested that Lewis record \"Another Place, Another Time\" with a more modern country sound, and the record kick-started Lewis's late 1960s career revival. Kilroy also continued with Faron Young's offer, and eventually Young recorded \"Pen and Paper\", with music and lyrics by Eddie Kilroy and Diane Blalock Kilroy through Mercury Records. Kilroy was a producer at Westpark Records in the early 1970s, and became president of Playboy Records when he founded the label for Hugh Hefner, for whom he signed Mickey Gilley. He recorded \"Roomful of Roses\" in 1974 with Mickey Gilley, and the album became a number one country western hit – Gilley went on to create six number one albums with Playboy. From there Kilroy moved to become the co-president of the MCA Nashville Records office. While at MCA Kilroy signed Faron Young to the label and produced two albums with Young: Chapter Two (1979) and Free and Easy (1980). Eddie Kilroy went independent after leaving MCA, and as an independent he produced the last album by Marty Robbins. Awards 2007 Academy of Western Artists Awards, disc jockey, major market. Credits Two awards", "title": "Eddie Kilroy" }, { "docid": "2625049", "text": "Patrick Skene, known professionally as Pip Skid and Wicked Nut, is a Canadian rapper and writer, and one of the most active creative artists at the Vancouver & Winnipeg-based independent hip hop label Peanuts & Corn. Skid is known for his distinctive gravel-throated vocals. Career In the early 1990s Skid was a co-founder of Canadian hip hop group Farm Fresh, and recorded an EP and three albums with that group. He was also a member of other crews such as Fermented Reptile, Hip Hop Weiners, Taking Care of Business, and Break Bread. In 2001 Skid took part in the Close To The Coast Festival in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island. In 2004 Skid's album Funny Farm was released; it hit #32 on the combined charts. His single \"Alone Again\" from this album Funny Farm was played in rotation on the Much Music network. In 2005 Skid and fellow rapper mcenroe released an album, Funny Farm 2 which hit #3 on the hip hop charts. Skid's 2010 album Skid Row peaked at #4 on the Canadian Hip Hop charts on May 1, 2010. Selected discography Farm Fresh - Space EP (CD, Peanuts & Corn) Farm Fresh - Crazy Fiction (CD, Peanuts & Corn) Farm Fresh - Played Out (CD, Farm Fresh - Time is Running Out (CD, Peanuts & Corn) Pip Skid - Friends4Ever (CD, Peanuts & Corn) Pip Skid - Money Matters (7\", Peanuts & Corn) Pip Skid - I'm Mean (CD, Peanuts & Corn) Pip Skid - Funny Farm (CD, Peanuts & Corn) Pip Skid - Funny Farm 2 (12\", Peanuts & Corn) Pip Skid - The Pip Donahue Show (2007) (EP, Independent) Taking Care of Business - Taking Care of Business (CD, First Things First) Fermented Reptile - Let's Just Call You \"Quits\" (CD, Peanuts & Corn) Hip Hop Weiners - All Beef, No Chicken (CD, Peanuts & Corn) Pip Skid - Skid Row (CD, Foultone) Appears on Best of Winnipeg Vol. 1 - The Emcees (DVD, Quality Hip-Hop) Culturama Video Collection Vol. 4 (DVD, Culturama) DJ Neoteric - Indie-cent Exposure Part 3 (CD, Futility Records) Epic - Local Only (CD, Clothes Horse Records) Epic - 8:30 in Newfoundland (CD, Clothes Horse Records) Fishin' In Troubled Waters - Fishin' In Troubled Waters (CD, Hip Hop Infinity Recordings) Mcenroe - 5 Years in the Factory (CD, Vertical Form) Mood Ruff - Maxim (CD, Slo Coach Recordings) Parklike Setting - School Day 2 Garbage Day 4 (CD, Peanuts & Corn) Peanuts & Corn - Summer 2002 (12\", Peanuts & Corn) Peanuts & Corn - Factory Seconds (CD, Peanuts & Corn) Recyclone - Corroding the Dead World (CD, Clothes Horse Records) Rheostatics - Nitelines Recording Sessions (CD, Drog Canadian Recordings) Scribble Jam - Tour Documentary (DVD + CD, Scribble Magazine Productions) Sixtoo - Songs I Hate (And Other People Moments) (CD, Anticon) Sound Barriers - Sound Barriers (CD, Sound Barrier Recordings) The Goods - 4 Four (CD, Camobear) Various Artists - Bare Skin Compilation (CD, HipHopHotSpot.com) Various Artists - States of Abuse", "title": "Pip Skid" }, { "docid": "20720589", "text": "\"Dirt Room\" was the first single from alternative rock band Blue October's fifth studio album, Approaching Normal. The song was released to digital outlet stores on December 23, 2008, and to radio on January 13, 2009. An acoustic version of the song was included on the band's album Ugly Side: An Acoustic Evening With Blue October, and a live electric version appears on the live album/concert film Things We Do At Night - Live From Texas. Music video The music video premiered on Yahoo! Music on January 27, 2009, and was directed by Kevin Kerslake. It is centered around a robber (played by frontman Justin Furstenfeld) who is captured by his attempted victim. He is tied up and the captor threatens him with premature burial. At the end of the video he is placed in an open grave and viewed by a great deal of people, including two police officers. These scenes are intercut with footage of the band playing the song in the living room of the captor's house. The music video shows Justin burning a hundred dollar bill with the initials \"M.R.\" clearly displayed to the camera before the flames erupt. The band later revealed that the initials \"M.R.\" refer to Michael Rand, their former manager who sued them for $1 million, claiming he was owed a cut from the sales of their multi-platinum album Foiled, even though their business relationship ended several years prior. Meaning discussed During the hushed period, Furstenfeld told Music Interviews Now: \"That song is about not being a passive idiot anymore and not letting people take advantage of you anymore just because of who you are. I wouldn't say that we're famous… we are just normal people that get put on TV and stuff. That is just who we are… so if that makes us famous like the E! Entertainment crap, that's not us. People want to see you in that part and think you are rich, and they start to come out of the wood work…and they start asking for things over and over again, and that song's about just taking it too far. There was an incident that happened, I can't even talk about it… but I took care of it, wrote the song, and that's my revenge. I use my words as weapons. No one will take advantage of my family again. I usually do all the writing and on this new album everyone did some writing and it was really special to me.\" In a later interview, Justin was able to be more candid about the song's true meaning. \"But that song really brought out this more confidence side of me and not the, ‘Oh hate me because I am bad’ side – I don’t do drugs anymore and I don’t fck with that stuff, I have a daughter now so if anybody wants to take food off of her plate then they are going to have to come straight through me whether it be verbally, and I hope", "title": "Dirt Room" }, { "docid": "5432889", "text": "\"Take Good Care of My Baby\" is a song written by Carole King and Gerry Goffin. The song was made famous by Bobby Vee, when it was released in 1961. Bobby Vee versions While searching for material for Bobby Vee to record, Vee's producer Snuff Garrett heard a demo of Carole King singing \"Take Good Care of My Baby\". Garrett told publisher Don Kirshner that he wanted the song for Vee, but he believed the song needed an introductory verse. Garrett met with Carole King, and the introductory verse of Vee's version was written. Among the musicians on the record were Barney Kessel, Tommy Allsup, and Howard Roberts on guitar, Clifford Hills on bass, Robert Florence on piano, and Earl Palmer on drums, while Sid Sharp did the string arrangements. The Johnny Mann Singers sang backup. Bobby Vee released \"Take Good Care of My Baby\" as a single on July 20, 1961, and it was reviewed by Billboard in its issue dated July 31, 1961. Vee's recording quickly became popular, spending 15 weeks on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100, reaching No. 1 on September 18, 1961, and spending three weeks in that position. The song became a major hit internationally as well, reaching No. 1 in Canada, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. The song was ranked No. 12 on Billboards \"Hot 100 for 1961 – Top Sides of the Year\" and No. 23 on Cash Boxs \"Top 100 Chart Hits of 1961\". The song was the lead track on Bobby Vee's album, Take Good Care of My Baby, which was released in 1962. Vee re-recorded the song as a ballad in 1972. He released under his real name, Robert Thomas Velline, on his 1972 album Ain't Nothing Like a Sunny Day, and as a single in 1973. However, it is his original version, along with Bobby Vinton's, that remain as staples of oldies radio stations. Chart performance Bobby Vinton version In 1968, the song was released by Bobby Vinton as a single and on his album, Take Good Care of My Baby. Vinton's version became a hit, spending 8 weeks on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100, reaching No. 33, while reaching No. 14 on Billboards Easy Listening chart, No. 19 on Record Worlds \"100 Top Pops\", No. 12 on Record Worlds \"Top Non-Rock\" chart, No. 36 on Canada's \"RPM 100\", and No. 16 on Canada's CHUM Hit Parade. Vinton's version omitted the introduction, plus the first two lines of the repeated refrain. Chart performance Smokie version In 1980, Smokie released a version of the song, which spent seven weeks on the UK Singles Chart, reaching No. 34, while reaching No. 10 on Austria's Ö3 Hit wähl mit chart, No. 15 on the Irish Singles Chart, and No. 18 in West Germany. It was later released on their 1981 album Solid Ground. Other versions Dion recorded a version of the song, which was released on his November 1961 album Runaround Sue. Although Dion's version was released after Bobby Vee's version,", "title": "Take Good Care of My Baby" }, { "docid": "18605898", "text": "Weinberger v. Wiesenfeld, 420 U.S. 636 (1975), was a decision by the United States Supreme Court, which unanimously held that the gender-based distinction under of the Social Security Act of 1935—which permitted widows but not widowers to collect special benefits while caring for minor children—violated the right to equal protection secured by the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Background Stephen Wiesenfeld and Paula Polatschek were married in 1970. Stephen ran a minicomputer consulting business and had an irregular income. Paula taught mathematics at Edison High School and earned significantly more than her husband. When Paula died in childbirth from an amniotic embolism, Stephen became the sole provider for their newborn son, Jason. To take care of his son, Stephen cut his work hours and sought child care. Wiesenfeld contested his ineligibility for Social Security survivors' benefits that were made available to widows, but not to widowers. Caspar Weinberger, the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare (1973–75), appealed the case to the Supreme Court. Rutgers Law School professor Ruth Bader Ginsburg, along with Melvin Wulf, took on Weinberger v. Wiesenfeld after several unfavorable Supreme Court decisions on gender discrimination cases. In 1974, Kahn v. Shevin had upheld differences in property tax exemption between widows and widowers, and the Supreme Court ruled in Geduldig v. Aiello that denying compensation from work loss due to pregnancy did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment. Ginsburg looked to Weinberger v. Wiesenfeld to promote the idea of \"the care of two loving parents, rather than just one.\" Ginsburg made the argument that Section 402(g) of the Social Security Act discriminated against Stephen Wiesenfeld by not providing him with the same survivors' benefits as it would to a widow. Further, Ginsburg argued that Paula's contributions to Social Security were not treated on an equal basis to salaried men, so she was also being discriminated against. Decision All of the Eight sitting justices voted in favor of Wiesenfeld, while Justice Douglas was not sitting due to illness. They declared that Section 402(g) of the Social Security Act was unconstitutional on the grounds that the gender based distinctions violated the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment. Justice Brennan wrote in the Court's opinion: The Court differentiated the Social Security matter from the decision in Kahn v. Shevin. The court decided that Section 402(g): Subsequent developments Wiesenfeld himself received no monetary benefits from the decision. By the time he initiated the case, he had shut down his consulting business and obtained a well-paid position at a computer company. His salary thus exceeded the income cutoff for receiving Social Security benefits. Ginsburg helped highlight the idea that the social security provision had discriminated against men acting as caregivers, and women serving as breadwinners. Brennan ruled that \"such a gender-based generalization cannot suffice to justify the denigration...of women who do work and whose earnings contribute significantly to their families' support.\" The decision aimed to establish that it is just as important for a child to", "title": "Weinberger v. Wiesenfeld" }, { "docid": "25202309", "text": "Treeless Mountain () is a 2008 South Korean drama film written and directed by So Yong Kim. It stars Hee Yeon Kim, Song Hee Kim, Soo Ah Lee, Mi Hyang Kim, and Boon Tak Park. The film premiered on September 5, 2008, at the 2008 Toronto International Film Festival and was given a limited release in the United States on April 22, 2009. Plot Jin is a bright young girl who lives with her mother and younger sister, Bin. She does well in school but is sometimes distracted from her family duties and occasionally wets the bed. One day she comes home to discover people removing the furniture from the family apartment. Her mother takes her and Bin to stay with \"Big Aunt\", their paternal aunt, who lives outside the city. The girls' mother leaves them a piggy bank and tells them that their aunt will give them change for their good behavior, and when it is full she will come back. Jin is deeply hurt by the disappearance of her mother, crying frequently and often not eating, while younger sister Bin seems to be less affected by her absence. Bin befriends a neighborhood boy with Down syndrome whose kind mother gives them treats and seems somewhat concerned for them. It is quickly made apparent that Big Aunt is an alcoholic and doesn't really want the responsibility of the children. She often passes out or is too hung over to cook, forcing the girls to take care of themselves. When another neighborhood boy gives Bin roasted grasshoppers, the girls get the idea to cook their own as a means of making money to fill up their piggy bank. Although this is at first profitable, as summer wanes so do the grasshoppers. Bin gets the idea to make change from their greater-valued coins, which quickly fills up the bank. They try to call their mother on a young man's cell phone but discover the number is out of service. Nevertheless, they wait for their mother at the bus stop where they last saw her, but she never appears. Big Aunt reveals that she received a letter from their mother, who reveals she has not had much luck with their father and that, in any case, she is unable to support the children. She suggests to Big Aunt that they go stay with at their maternal grandparents' farm. When they arrive, the girls' grandfather is very angry that Big Aunt is burdening them with the children. Their grandmother, on the other hand, immediately welcomes them and they become immersed in their aging grandparents' humble but busy lives. The girls ask their grandmother if she will buy them winter shoes, and then realize that her own shoes are falling apart. They decide to give her their piggy bank so that she can buy new shoes for herself. Although both girls lost faith in their mother after her non-appearance, Jin and Bin pinky swear that their mother will come back for them. Cast Hee", "title": "Treeless Mountain" }, { "docid": "34417522", "text": "\"We Take Care of Our Own\" is a song written and recorded by American musician Bruce Springsteen. It is the first single from his album Wrecking Ball. The single was released for download through amazon.com and iTunes on January 18, 2012. The song made its live debut on February 12, 2012, at the 54th Grammy Awards, where it was nominated for Best Rock Performance and Best Rock Song. Rolling Stone named the song the 32nd best song of 2012. Music critic Robert Christgau named it the best single of 2012. Lyrics and music The song is an up-tempo rocker which resembles the sound of the younger bands Springsteen has recently taken under his wing, such as Arcade Fire and The Gaslight Anthem. The lyrics express Springsteen's frustration that—after several years of economic hard times—people are less willing to help each other. The song begins: I've been stumblin' on good hearts turned to stoneThe road of good intentions has gone dry as a bone.The narrator asks where he can find merciful hearts or work to set his hands and soul free and makes references to Hurricane Katrina. However, the refrain strikes a more optimistic (or ironic depending on listener interpretation) note that \"Wherever this flag is flown/We take care of our own.\" NPR's Ann Powers describes the song as \"a bitter anthem\" and states that on this song, as with \"Born in the U.S.A.,\" \"Glory Days\", and 2008's \"Girls in Their Summer Clothes,\" \"Springsteen brings out big emotions and then demands we drop the delusions that often accompany them.\" The New York Times'' printed a letter from a reader who said that the song rebukes the US government inaction regarding Hurricane Katrina disaster relief in New Orleans; that the song's message \"is not that Americans take care of one another, but that we should—and don't.\" Music videos Springsteen was spotted in New Jersey on January 13, 2012, filming what was believed to be a new music video. On January 19, 2012, the date the single was released, Springsteen's official website released a music video for the song containing various black and white images of Springsteen interspersed with text of the song's lyrics. On February 10, 2012, a second official music video premiered, this time featuring Bruce performing in abandoned buildings and on rooftops in an urban setting. Various images of working class Americans are shown as lyrics flash by. As Springsteen sings the song's emotional resolution (\"Wherever this flag is flown/We take care of our own\"), the image transforms from black and white to color, climaxing as Springsteen joins a crowd of everyday Americans walking together in daylight, in unison. The video was filmed in and around Asbury Park, including the roof of the Savoy Theatre and inside of Frank's Deli. Use in politics This song was played throughout Barack Obama's 2012 presidential campaign and after his victory speech at his headquarters in Chicago. Sales of the song rose 409% following Obama's speech at the Democratic National Convention. The song was", "title": "We Take Care of Our Own" }, { "docid": "37018080", "text": "Virgin Care was a private provider of community health and social services in parts of the UK, commissioned by the National Health Service and by local authorities in England. From 2010 the company was known as Virgin Care and was part of Virgin Group. In December 2021, it was acquired by Twenty20 Capital and rebranded as HCRG Care Group. History The company originated in around 2007 as the Assura Medical division of property company Assura Group. A majority share was purchased by Virgin Group in 2010, and by 2012 it was a separate company under the Virgin Care brand. Until October 2012, each GP provider company was 50% owned by the surgery GPs and 50% by Virgin, and these companies were run by a board consisting of locally elected GPs and one Virgin representative. 358 surgeries were listed as being involved in mid-2012. In October 2012 the company announced that it would be taking over all jointly owned GP-provider companies, in order to avoid any conflict of interest arising in respect of contracts with clinical commissioning groups. Following this change, the company made bids for contracts put out by these clinical commissioning groups, NHS England and local authorities, and has contracts stretching for more than a decade with a total potential value () of £2bn. In December 2021, the company was acquired for an undisclosed sum by Twenty20 Capital, a privately-owned investor in companies that provide workforce management and recruitment services. It was immediately rebranded as HCRG Care Group. Profit The company claimed in 2018 to never have made a profit overall from its NHS services, and that it has invested its own money into the business, although accounts show that individual parts of the Group with NHS contracts have made profits. Sir Richard Branson wrote in January 2018:Over the last 50 years, I have been fortunate to build many successful companies and do not want or intend to profit personally from the NHS. Indeed, I have invested millions in Virgin Care to help it transform its services for the better and to improve both the patient and employee experience. Contrary to reports, the Virgin Care group has not made a profit to date. If and when I could take a dividend from Virgin Care (which would make us a profit over and above our overall investment), I will invest 100% of that money back into helping NHS patients young and old, with our frontline employees deciding how best to spend it. In December 2021, the company's press release said: “Neither Virgin, nor its founder, has ever taken a penny from the business, committing instead to reinvest any returns back into the company and its frontline services.\" Former contracts Lyme Regis Medical Practice In 2012, Virgin Care won a contract to provide services in Dorset, at the Lyme Regis Centre, for five years. When the service was inspected by the regulator in August 2015, the Minor Injuries unit was found “not safe” by the Care Quality Commission because “patients were", "title": "Virgin Care" }, { "docid": "49864800", "text": "TCB (an abbreviation for \"Taking Care of Business\") is the tenth solo studio album by Australian singer/songwriter James Reyne. The album was released on 12 April 2010. The album debuted and peaked at number 32 in Australia. TCB is a tribute album to Reyne's idol Elvis Presley, with Reyne explaining: \"Elvis and his guys – his 'inner circle', his bodyguards – they used to give each other these little key rings and badges with TCB on them and they'd say 'Yeah, we're takin' care of business'.\" TCB was the name of Elvis' band. Background and promotion Reyne said choosing songs for this album meant listening to a vast catalogue of Presley tunes. He deliberately avoided the earlier/iconic songs like \"Hound Dog\"’, \"That's All Right\" and \"Suspicious Minds\" and avoided Elvis' gospel records. Reyne said that he wanted to do ‘Kentucky Rain’ and others from the movies \"I really wanted Kentucky Rain because it's a brilliantly written song but also quite cheesy, lyrically, but there is something that appeals to me and I think that's it with a lot of the music the tongue is in the cheek.\" Reyne celebrated the release of TCB album by performing two special theatre shows in May where he exclusively performed songs from this album along with other 'Elvis' material. The shows featured an 8 piece band and Reyne did not perform any of his own material at these performances. These shows took place on 21 May at Palais Theatre, St Kilda and 22 May at State Theatre, Sydney. Reyne also filmed a special for Music Max that aired in May 2010. Critical reception Andrew Murfett of The Sydney Morning Herald gave the album three out of five stars and wrote, \"Reyne's oft-maligned voice is routinely excellent; he's rarely put in a better vocal performance. He also knows better than to sing \"Are You Lonesome Tonight?\" too earnestly. He avoids the gospel-era Elvis, instead opting for some cheese: \"Viva Las Vegas\", \"Return to Sender\", \"Girls, Girls, Girls\" and \"Burning Love\". What could have been embarrassing is instead a playful lark\" adding \"It's a heap of fun.\" Mark Milan of The Daily Vault gave the album a B+ and felt that \"[Reyne's] voice gives so easily to the material here, and while there are no band credits in the liner notes, whoever is playing on this thing did a mighty fine job.\" Milan said \"Are You Lonesome Tonight?\" is a negative on the album and “Burning Love” just sounds generic and flat. Milan praises \"Kentucky Rain\", \"Girls Girls Girls\" and \"Little Egypt\" adding \"Reyne has definitely Taken Care Of Business and done so with authority.\" Commercial performance TCB debuted at number 32 in Australia for the week commencing 19 April 2010. Track listing \"Viva Las Vegas\" (Doc Pomus/Mort Shuman) – 2:16 \"Such a Night\" (Lincoln Chase) – 3:05 \"Kentucky Rain\" (Dick Heard, Eddie Rabbitt) – 3:33 \"Burning Love\" (Dennis Linde) – 3:07 \"(Marie's the Name) His Latest Flame\" (Doc Pomus/Mort Shuman) – 2:36 \"Good Luck Charm\"", "title": "TCB (album)" }, { "docid": "21349141", "text": "\"Who's Making Love\" is a song written by Stax Records staffers Homer Banks, Bettye Crutcher, Don Davis and Raymond Jackson and recorded by singer Johnnie Taylor in 1968. Released on the Stax label in the late summer of 1968, it became Taylor's breakthrough single, reaching number one on the US Billboard R&B chart and number five on the Billboard Hot 100. It became one of the few singles Taylor would become primarily known for in the mainstream. The song featured the Stax house band, Booker T. & the M.G.'s, and Isaac Hayes (on keyboards). It was Taylor's best-selling single before the release of \"Disco Lady\" almost a decade later. According to Bettye Crutcher, the lyrics were inspired by the 1920s novelty song, \"Who Takes Care of the Caretaker's Daughter (While the Caretaker's Busy Taking Care)\". Chart history Cover versions Tony Joe White covered the song on his 1968 album Black and White. Young-Holt Unlimited released a cover on the album Soulful Strut in 1968 and as a single in 1969 (#47 Canada), both on Brunswick Records. The Blues Brothers released a cover version as a single in 1980, which reached number 39 on the US chart. Christian McBride included the song in his 2013 album Out Here. The Nation Funktasia covered the song on their 1991 album \"In Search of the Last Trump of Funk\". References 1968 singles Johnnie Taylor songs Tony Joe White songs Songs written by Homer Banks 1980 singles The Blues Brothers songs Songs written by Raymond Jackson (songwriter) Songs written by Don Davis (record producer) 1968 songs Stax Records singles Songs about infidelity Song recordings produced by Don Davis (record producer)", "title": "Who's Making Love" }, { "docid": "12231452", "text": "The Household and Dependent Care Credit is a nonrefundable tax credit available to United States taxpayers. Taxpayers that care for a qualifying individual are eligible. The purpose of the credit is to allow the taxpayer (or their spouse, if married) to be gainfully employed. This credit is created by 26 U.S. Code (U.S.C) § 21, section 21 of the Internal Revenue Code (IRC). Background Federal courts have confirmed that expenses incurred for the care of a dependent, such as babysitting or daycare, while the taxpayer is at work, are not included in deductible business expenses and are not deductible under IRC section 162(a). As a result, single-earner households with qualifying individuals are favored over two-earner households with qualifying individuals, as the cost of daycare often outweighs the extra income made in two-earner households. IRC section 21 serves to lessen this imbalance by allowing a limited credit for certain expenses related to the care of a qualified dependent. General eligibility requirements IRC section 21 uses the term \"qualifying individual\" rather than “dependent\" to refer to the types of dependents the care for whom will trigger the credit. Qualifying individuals must be one of four types: 1) Dependents under age thirteen for whom a dependency exemption may be claimed, 2) Dependents of any age who share the same principal place of abode as the taxpayer and are physically or mentally incapable of taking care for themselves, 3) Spouses of any age who share the same principal place of abode as the taxpayer and are physically or mentally incapable of taking care for themselves, or4) Certain dependent children of divorced parents. Does the taxpayer \"maintain the household\"? The taxpayer must “maintain the household” for the qualifying individual(s), which means the taxpayer must furnish over one-half of the total cost of maintaining the household. In addition, if the taxpayer is married, both the taxpayer and their spouse must have earned income, unless one spouse was either a full-time student or was physically or mentally incapable of self-care. Does the dependent have the requisite age and relationship? A taxpayer may be able to claim a dependency exemption for a dependent under the age of thirteen if the dependent is the taxpayer's child, sibling, half-sibling, step-sibling or a descendant of any such individual. For the taxpayer to qualify, the child must not provide more than one-half of his or her own financial support and must have the same principal place of abode as the taxpayer for more than six months of the year. Creditable expenses Creditable expenses include not only those incurred for actual physical care of the dependent but also ancillary “household” services like meal preparation and cleaning. Services outside the home qualify if they involve the care of a qualified child or a disabled spouse or dependent who regularly spends at least eight hours a day in the taxpayer's home. Payments to a relative also qualify for the credit unless the taxpayer claims a dependency exemption for the relative or if the relative is", "title": "Child and Dependent Care Credit" }, { "docid": "47439683", "text": "\"Like Glue\" is a song by Jamaican dancehall artist Sean Paul, from his second album, Dutty Rock (2002). The song was produced by Tony \"CD\" Kelly, and written by Kelly and Sean Paul. Lyrics from \"Like Glue\" were originally intended to be the intro to \"Gimme the Light\" until Sean Paul expanded it and made it into a full song. Lyrically, the song refers to how Sean Paul does not care what people say and that he has to stick to his girlfriends \"like glue\". Following the successful chart performances of \"Gimme the Light\" and \"Get Busy\", \"Like Glue\" was released worldwide on 27 May 2003 as the album's third single. It was distributed through K-Licious Music in Jamaica and through VP and Atlantic Records internationally. The single peaked at number 13 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and achieved success worldwide, becoming a top ten hit in Switzerland, the UK, Canada and Ireland. The song was listed as the 325th best song of the 2000s by Pitchfork. The single's accompanying music video was directed by Benny Boom. The video earned Paul a Best International Artist Video award at the 2003 MuchMusic Video Awards. Background and video When Sean Paul appeared on the music channel Flava, he revealed that the song was originally going to be the intro of \"Gimme the Light\" until he expanded on the lyrics. The song was originally released in 2001 as part of the \"Buy Out\" riddim, but became a hit on the strength of Sean Paul's popularity from \"Gimme the Light\". The song samples T.O.K.'s song \"Money 2 Burn\" from their album My Crew, My Dawgs. According to AllMusic, the song is influenced by the song \"Louie Louie\". The song has two censored words in the edited version: \"Trees\" in the chorus, when he says \"Need a lot of trees up in my head\", and \"chronic\" in verse 2, when he says \"After a chronic, we take a drag\", both referring to cannabis. The music video was directed by Benny Boom, and instead of Sean Paul singing verse 3, Paul's brother Jason shouts out dances, and the dancers in the video perform them accordingly. The fourth verse is the repeat of the first verse. Also, there's a verse in Jamaican patois. The song is also played at the end of the \"Get Busy\" video. This song is also featured on the soundtrack of the video game Midnight Club 3: DUB Edition. Ivy Queen's single from 2004, \"Papi Te Quiero\" samples \"Like Glue\" but blends a reggaeton beat produced by Rafi Mercenario. The English version of \"Papi Te Quiero\", however, features the original beat of \"Like Glue\". Both can be found on the platinum edition of Queen's third studio album Diva (2003). Reception The song ranked 70th on About.com's list of the Top 100 Pop Songs of 2003. It was also listed as the 325th best song of the 2000s by Pitchfork. The music video won the 2003 MuchMusic Video Awards for Best International Artist", "title": "Like Glue" }, { "docid": "30787080", "text": "\"The Only Flame in Town\" is a song written by new wave musician Elvis Costello and recorded by Costello with his backing band the Attractions. The song appeared on Costello's 1984 album, Goodbye Cruel World. Originally written in the style of a classic torch song, \"The Only Flame in Town\" was reworked by producers Clive Langer and Alan Winstanley in a more pop-friendly style. This final version features Daryl Hall of Hall & Oates on backing vocals. \"The Only Flame in Town\" was released as the second single from Goodbye Cruel World in July 1984. The single reached number 71 in Britain but found greater success in the US, reaching number 56 on the back of a popular MTV video about a fictional \"Win a date with the Attractions\" contest. Since its release, the song has been seen mixed critical reception, with some writers opining that the commercial sound fit the song well. Background \"The Only Flame in Town\" began as a slower torch song, akin to the arrangement present on the alternate version of the song released as a bonus track on the 2004 reissue of Goodbye Cruel World. Costello noted that he originally wrote the song for soul singer Aaron Neville. After attempting this arrangement with the Attractions in the studio, Costello deemed the take to be too \"laboured\" and \"arcane\" and allowed his producers, Clive Langer and Alan Winstanley, to rework the song in a more pop/R&B-influenced style. This version featured what Costello described as a \"clatter of mechanical percussion\" from Pete and Bruce Thomas as well as a Bach-inspired keyboard part composed by Steve Nieve. \"The Only Flame in Town\" also was among the first Attractions recordings to feature additional musicians. Gary Barnacle played saxophone on the recording, a performance of which Costello commented on in 2004, \"Unfortunately, when I now hear the sax entrance on 'The Only Flame,' I can't help but think of the theme from Moonlighting. Ah well, it all seemed like a good idea at the time.\" Additionally, Daryl Hall of Hall & Oates made a guest appearance on backing vocals. In a 1984 interview, Costello, who initially thought Hall was more of a \"cult\" artist than he was, recalled, \"He's a very nice person: very professional, came in and did the session very quickly and seemed to enjoy himself.\" Costello then rejected the idea that he should not collaborate with mainstream pop artists, stating, \"Some of the inverted snobs of the music business are perhaps going to be offended by his presence because they associate him with some vacuous form of pop. But he's got a great voice, and that's all I care about.\" Release \"The Only Flame in Town\" was released as the opening track on Goodbye Cruel World in June 1984. One month later, the song was released as the album's second single, featuring the non-album B-side \"Baby It's You\", an acoustic duet performed by Costello with Nick Lowe. The single was reached number 71 in the UK, but", "title": "The Only Flame in Town" }, { "docid": "71990833", "text": "Elvis by the Presleys is a compilation album by American singer and musician Elvis Presley, released as the soundtrack to the TV documentary of the same name. It includes one disc with a selection of previously released tracks and a bonus disc with 8 rarities. The songs on the first disc appear roughly chronologically, thematically classified by the documentary categories \"On Stage,\" \"Elvis Meets Priscilla,\" \"Introducing Mrs. Presley,\" \"The Seeker,\" \"After Dark,\" \"Taking Care of Business,\" \"The Generous,\" \"The King,\" \"The Inner Child,\" \"Style\" and \"Forever.\" Track listing Disc 1 \"Trying to Get to You\" \"Heartbreak Hotel\" \"I Want You, I Need You, I Love You\" \"I Got a Woman\" \"Got a Lot o' Livin' to Do!\" \"(There'll Be) Peace in the Valley (for Me)\" \"Trouble\" \"Hawaiian Wedding Song\" \"Indescribably Blue\" \"In the Ghetto\" \"Suspicious Minds\" \"I'll Hold You in My Heart (Till I Can Hold You in My Arms)\" \"Bridge over Troubled Water\" \"You've Lost That Loving Feeling\" (Live in Las Vegas, 1970) \"It's Over\" (Live in Las Vegas, 1972) \"Separate Ways\" \"Always on My Mind\" \"My Way\" \"Burning Love\" \"Welcome to My World\" (Live in Hawaii, 1973) \"Steamroller Blues\" (Live in Hawaii, 1973) \"I Got a Feelin' in My Body\" \"If I Can Dream\" \"A Little Less Conversation (JXL Radio Edit Remix)\" Disc 2 \"It Wouldn't Be the Same Without You\" (Demo) \"Jailhouse Rock\" (Takes 3-5) \"Anything That's Part of You\" (Take 9) \"You'll Be Gone\" (Take 2) \"Too Much Monkey Business\" (Takes 4, 10) \"Baby What You Want Me to Do\" (Private Linda Thompson Recording, 1973) \"I'm So Lonesome I Could Cry\" (Private Linda Thompson Recording, 1973) \"Blue Christmas\" (Live in Norman, Oklahoma, 1977) References Elvis Presley compilation albums", "title": "Elvis by the Presleys" }, { "docid": "50573274", "text": "Signal Entertainment Group Corp. (), founded in 1991, is a South Korean company specializing in the following businesses: show business, media and entertainment content, cosmetics and information technology. History Founded in 1991 as Signal Information & Communication Corp. () (Signal I&C), the company was the national licensee of the now-defunct American company Motorola. In 1997, it partnered with the now-defunct Korea Telecom Freetel (a Korea Telecom (KT) company) for PCS service. 1999 was the year when Signal I&C became the official distributor of Motorola Multimedia Group Cable Services. It also partnered with KT for PCS service. Signal I&C got the ISO 9001 certification in this same year. In 2001, Signal I&C signed a business partnership with Lucent (presently Alcatel-Lucent), then partnered with SK Telecom for IMT Advanced service. Then in 2003, the company signed another business partnership, this time with CommWorks Corporation (then a subsidiary of now-defunct 3Com, presently a subsidiary of UTStarcom). Later on, it partnered again with KT for ATM service. Signal I&C joined the Korea Exchange (KRX)'s KOSDAQ index in 2011. 2015 became the start of a new era for the company as it launched its present corporate name - then started to diversify into the show business, media and cosmetics industries. Mergers and acquisitions 2014 Unione I&M () was a television production company, founded in 2005. As of today, it is now a division by name of Signal. 2015 Better ENT (), formerly Storm S Company (), is a talent agency founded by actor Song Seung-heon in 2009. Big Hit Entertainment () is a recording label founded by Bang Si-hyuk in 2005. In early 2016, BigHit ended their stake relationship with Signal Entertainment Group. BigHit issued a 6 billion won convertible bond Signal Entertainment Group in 2015. After a year, Signal Entertainment Group made a full settlement of the bonds. Jungle Entertainment () is a recording label founded by Tiger JK in 2006. Skinanniversary Co. Ltd. () is a skin care company and the operator of the Skinanniversary Beauty Town in Paju, Gyeonggi Province. It was founded in 2007. S Box Media Company () is a television production company and talent agency, founded in 2012. 2016 L&Holdings () is a holding company of four talent agencies: Great Company (), L&Company (), Star Camp 202 () and JR ENT (). NH Media () is a recording label founded by Kim Nam-hee in 1998. Productions Television Variety, reality and talk The Body Show (OnStyle, 2015–present) I Can See Your Voice (Mnet, 2015–present) Please Take Care of My Refrigerator (JTBC, 2014–present) Produce 101 (Mnet, 2016) The Secret Readers Club (O tvN/tvN, 2015–present) Superstar K (Mnet, 2016–present) Superstar K 2016 Drama produced under subsidiary Signal Pictures + produced under subsidiary L&Holdings Artists Choi Song-hyun Jin Tae-hyun Lee Mi-yeon Jungle Entertainment L&Holdings Great Company Kang Sung-yeon Jung Seong-woo Shim Yi-young Yang Jung-a L&Company Yoo Gun Star Camp 202 Shin Da-eun JR ENT Nam Sang-mi Song Seon-mi NH Media S Box Media Company Lee Sang-hoon References External links Official websites: Companies", "title": "Signal Entertainment Group" }, { "docid": "38945899", "text": "Dads (stylized in all lowercase) is an American television sitcom created by Wellesley Wild and Alec Sulkin for Fox. The series follows Warner and Eli, two successful video game developers whose lives are unexpectedly changed when their respective fathers move in with them. Sulkin and Wild are also executive producers. The show was recorded in front of a live studio audience. Dads was a joint production by Fuzzy Door Productions and 20th Century Fox Television and was syndicated by 20th Television. The series ran from September 17, 2013 to July 16, 2014. Cast and characters Seth Green as Eli Sachs, Warner's business partner. He is portrayed as the \"creative\" end of the video game business. While Warner is often seen in a smart shirt and tie, Eli generally wears T-shirts and sweatshirts. He is a lothario and is often made fun of when he fails to have sex with women. He maintains a flirtatious relationship with his assistant Veronica. Eli also maintains a tumultuous relationship with his father David, who he feels eats all his food and stinks up his bathroom. He is also very close with his maid, Edna, seeing her as a surrogate mother. Giovanni Ribisi as Warner Whittemore, Eli's business partner. He is often portrayed to be the \"business\" end of the video game business. He is very neurotic and maintains an estranged relationship with his wife, Camilla. He has two children with Camilla. It is revealed in episode \"Double Troubles\" that he is afraid of sex. His father is Crawford who often inadvertently gets Warner into trouble. His best friend is Eli, but they can both get into conflicts over various subjects. Peter Riegert as David Sachs, Eli's dad. He left Eli as a child and returns to live in Eli's apartment where he is generally seen sitting on the couch, eating, watching television, or fighting with Edna. A recurring joke in the series is his intestinal problems. He is lethargic, sardonic, impatient, and grumpy towards most characters, but has a friendship with Crawford. David seemingly does not care for Eli, but is shown that he is supportive of his son, such as stealing comic books for Eli, marrying Edna to keep her from being deported, and taking a job as a mall Santa to buy Eli a Christmas present. As revealed in \"Have a Heart... Attack\", he is 65 years old. Martin Mull as Crawford Whittemore, Warner's dad. He is portrayed as a failed businessman, but continues to try to launch his career. A recurring joke in the series is his bad investments. He often means well toward his son, but ends up ruining his life in the same way. Crawford is prone to racial slurs, which he appears not to notice to be racist. Brenda Song as Veronica, Eli's and Warner's assistant. She is a sarcastic and cunning person, as shown when she gives herself a raise without her bosses' permission. She is proven to be tricky as she manages to outsmart Eli and", "title": "Dads (2013 TV series)" }, { "docid": "4913637", "text": "Alison Hewson (née Stewart; born 23 March 1961) is an Irish activist and businesswoman. She is married to singer and musician Paul Hewson, known as Bono, from the rock group U2. Raised in Raheny, she met her future husband at age 12 at Mount Temple Comprehensive School, and married him in 1982. She was awarded a degree in politics and sociology from University College Dublin (UCD) in 1989. The couple have four children together and live at residences in Ireland, France, and the United States. She has inspired several U2 songs, most famously \"Sweetest Thing\". Hewson became involved in anti-nuclear activism in the 1990s. She narrated Black Wind, White Land, a 1993 Irish documentary about the lasting effects of the Chernobyl disaster, and has worked closely with activist Adi Roche. She has been a patron of Chernobyl Children's Project International since 1994 and has participated in a number of aid missions to the high-radiation exclusion zones of Belarus. She has also campaigned against Sellafield, the northern English nuclear facility. In 2002 she helped lead an effort which sent more than a million postcards, urging the site be closed, to Prime Minister Tony Blair and others. Hewson has repeatedly been discussed by tabloid newspapers as a possible candidate for political offices, including President of Ireland; none of these suggestions have come to fruition. Hewson is the co-founder of two ethical businesses, the EDUN fashion line in 2005, and Nude Skincare products in 2007. The former, intended to promote fair trade with Africa, has struggled to become a viable business. French conglomerate LVMH has made substantial investments into both companies. Early life Alison Stewart was born on 23 March 1961, the daughter of Terry and Joy Stewart. She has an older brother, Ian, and nephew, Ross Stewart, who both live in Australia. The Stewart family, who resided in the suburb of Raheny on Dublin's Northside, raised their children as Protestants. Her father was a self-educated electrical worker who, according to Hewson, was \"constantly questioning\" things. Her mother, who was a housewife, had a secretarial career in mind for her daughter. Stewart studied at Mount Temple Comprehensive School. At the age of twelve, she met Paul Hewson, who was in the year above at the school. He pursued her immediately, but she initially kept her distance, labeling him \"an eejit\" even though she secretly admired him. In September 1974, Paul's mother Iris died suddenly, leaving him emotionally adrift and in conflict with his father and brother. Soon after, Alison began taking care of Hewson: cleaning his clothes, walking to school with him, and cooking for him. In September 1976, Hewson met the other members of what would become U2; the band members adopted nicknames, and Hewson soon became known as Bono. At around the same time, he and Ali, as she was known, began dating, and soon became a steady couple. It took Stewart a while to enjoy the band's music, as her own tastes ran toward her father's Frank Sinatra and Nat", "title": "Ali Hewson" }, { "docid": "37957510", "text": "Anak-ku Sazali (English: Sazali My Son) is a 1956 Singaporean Malay-language black-and-white melodrama film directed and written by Phani Majumdar. The movie is about love between a man and a woman, dreams that can come true and a father's extreme love for his son. The talented Tan Sri P. Ramlee plays the adult father character, Hassan as well as the spoilt son, Sazali Hassan. Plot Hassan is an orphan who works with a rich family. The rich man has two children, Mansor (a boy) and Mahani (a girl). Hassan developed an interest in music to the point that he is willing to spend whatever money he has earned to buy a violin. Once Hassan purchases the violin, he starts studying music from a violin teacher. Hassan's friendship with Mansor and Mahani is close. As all of three of them reaches adulthood, Mansor went to Singapore to study while Mahani was to be married to her father's choice. Hassan, who is in love with Mahani, cannot accept the marriage arrangement and decides to flee to Singapore. Mahani, who also loves Hassan follows him to Singapore. Both of them take a train ride to Singapore and meet up with Mansor at the train station. Mansor was surprised to his sister, Mahani and realised that Mahani has left their family behind to be with Hassan. Hassan explains the situation to Mansor and Mansor accepts that Hassan and Mahani really love each other. Mahani and Hassan marries with Mansor's consent. Mansor also marries a girl named Rubiah. After that Hassan continues his interest in music and becomes a famous musician. While Mansor, Rubiah, Hassan, Mahani and a few other guests were listening to Hassan's new single, Mahani collapses from a terrible headache. Mansor calls a doctor and the doctor attends to Mahani. The doctor then informed Hassan that Mahani is pregnant with their first child. Hassan was delighted and even then, Hassan felt that the unborn baby will be a baby boy. During her pregnancy, Mahani began to feel that she is going to die. Mahani decides to approach Hassan in a soft manner and made Hassan promise to take care of their unborn child citing that no one except Hassan must take care of the child. Hassan promises he will and even composes a song titled \"Anakku Sazali\" for his unborn son. While Hassan sings the song to Mahani, Mahani starts having a terrible headache and goes into labour. After delivering the baby, Hassan was informed by the doctor that Mahani gave birth to a baby boy. Hassan is happy and starts inquiring about Mahani. This is when the doctor informs Hassan that Mahani has died while giving birth to their son. Hassan is devastated. Hassan starts caring for his son, whom he named Sazali, in an adoring manner. Hassan even sings the song \"Anakku Sazali\" every time his baby boy sleeps. During a period of time caring for Sazali, Hassan visits Mansor to see his newborn baby girl, Rokiah. Hassan makes a", "title": "Anak-ku Sazali" }, { "docid": "8154892", "text": "Grace Deeb (; born May 29, 1975 in Beirut) is a Lebanese singer. She was born among a family of musicians and began her career at the age of four. She sings in multiple languages. Biography Grace formed an English-singing band when she was at school, named \"Strangers\". After that she released a few singles and performed in weddings and piano bars. Her first appeared on TV in the well-known duet W In Kan Alayya (\"If It Was For Me\") in 2003 meaning with the Arabian singer Assi El Helani. After that, Grace collaborated with Jean-Jacques Goldman who named Grace as \"Dalida of the Arabs\" in the song that changed records and made her famous locally and internationally; Comme Toi and then Calling You, the former in French and Arabic and the latter in English and Arabic. Immediately after that, Grace signed a 5-year contract with the most famous production company in the Arab world \"Rotana Records\". She worked with the Anoud Maaliki during her time with Rotana Records. Her first album was released on 23 August 2004 entitled Ghannali El-Alam Kello (\"The Whole World Sang To Me\"). It enjoyed great success and only 20 days after it release, Grace was asked to go to Frankfurt to represent the Arab world along with the Egyptian singer Amr Diab in the Frankfurt Book Fair and sang 3 songs from the album; Ghannali, Wallah Bitmoun and Heya which inspired the audience and made a good buzz which made the organizers release a cd of all participants in the book fair including the 3 songs that Grace sang. In 2005, Grace released a cover of the song Helwa Ya Balady by the late Dalida and reached number one spots over the charts. The second album to be released was Ghinniyat Grace Deeb ... Aktar Min Gharam (\"Grace Deeb's Songs ... More Than Love\") on 28 February 2006 and made great feedbacks all over the Arab world. In 2006, Grace got named \"Ambassador\" of Kibarouna Association which takes care of old people. The third album on the way was Ma Bteshbah Hada (\"You Don't Look Like Anyone Else\") on 11 June 2008. This album was called the best-selling album by Grace Deeb. In 2009, Grace got named \"Ambassador\" of Anhar Al-Mahabba Foundation which takes care of people suffering from AIDS (HIV). Grace works now on many humanitarian issues mentioning; Associations that take care of elderly people, Abortion, AIDS (HIV) and Breast Cancer. Grace finished a demo cd containing 8 songs in 8 languages to use it in her concerts around the world but not to be released in stores and with the end of 2009, Grace surprised everyone with her decision of leaving her production company Rotana and now she is working on her own. Grace's recent works is a Christian CD called \"Grace Deeb Singing From The Tent Of Praise\" which included You Raise Me Up which is a re-make of Josh Groban's song. She also recorded many other private singles for her,", "title": "Grace Deeb" }, { "docid": "11455686", "text": "\"Take Me Home Tonight\" is a song by American rock singer Eddie Money. It was released in August 1986 as the lead single from his album Can't Hold Back. The song's chorus interpolates the Ronettes' 1963 hit \"Be My Baby\", with original vocalist Ronnie Spector providing uncredited vocals and reprising her role. Songwriting credit was given to Mike Leeson, Peter Vale, Ellie Greenwich, Phil Spector and Jeff Barry. The song reached number four on the Billboard Hot 100 on November 15, 1986, and number one on the Album Rock Tracks chart; outside the U.S., it was a top 15 hit in Canada. It only reached #200 in the UK charts in January 1987. It received a Grammy nomination for Best Male Rock Vocal Performance, and was Money's biggest hit on the U.S. charts. Alongside its album, \"Take Me Home Tonight\" helped revive Money's career after a period of declining sales. It also allowed Spector to resume her touring/recording career after several years of retirement. Background By the mid-1980s, Eddie Money had reached a low point in his recording career after several years of drug abuse. Columbia Records still wanted to keep Money on its roster, but restricted his creative control over his work. Record producer Richie Zito brought Money the song \"Take Me Home Tonight\". Money would later say, \"I didn't care for the demo [but] it did have a good catch line. When I heard [a snippet of] 'Be My Baby' in it I said: 'Why can't we get Ronnie Spector to sing it?'\" The reply was, \"That's impossible.\" Money invited his friend Martha Davis, lead vocalist of The Motels, to rerecord the lines from \"Be My Baby\" for \"Take Me Home Tonight\". However, Davis encouraged him to try to recruit Spector herself. Money was eventually able to reach Spector by phone at her home in northern California. Recalled Money, \"I could hear clinking and clanking in the background... She said: 'I'm doing the dishes, and I gotta change the kids' bedding. I'm not really in the business anymore, Eddie. Phil Spector and all that, it was a nightmare'... I said 'Ronnie, I got this song that's truly amazing and it's a tribute to you. It would be so great if you... did it with me.'\" Money has stated that recording the song \"helped Ronnie out and it helped me get some of my other material on the album across, so now I'm happy I did it.\" The song's success encouraged Spector to resume her singing career, and she released her second solo album, Unfinished Business, in 1987. Music video The video was directed by Nick Morris and shot entirely in black and white at the Lawlor Events Center in Reno, Nevada. It opens with Money alone with a metal ladder and a folding chair on an otherwise empty stage. He sings and plays an alto saxophone to an absent audience, while Ronnie Spector is seen in a make-up room and then walking through a backstage hallway to the", "title": "Take Me Home Tonight (song)" }, { "docid": "44079812", "text": "\"Killpop\" is a single by American heavy metal band Slipknot for their fifth major label studio album .5: The Gray Chapter. The song was first released as a promotional single on October 16, 2014. It was the fifth promo and fourth overall single released from the album. The song received a retail single release in April 2015. Background The song leaked two weeks prior to being officially released by the band on October 16, 2014. When officially released by the band, it featured original cover art like the other promotional singles released before it. When WGRD 97.9 asked frontman Corey Taylor about \"Killpop\", Taylor said: \"You know, what’s funny is over the last few weeks, I’ve really gotten everyone’s interpretation of what that song means to them, and it’s nowhere near what I wrote about. So it’s kind of interesting to hear people’s interpretations of what I’m singing about. And I’ll be honest with you: the song is my reflection on my relationship with music. That’s who the ‘she’ is. And not just music, but the music industry in general. So there’s a love-hate relationship there that really kind of comes into view. There's the old adage, 'Be careful what you wish for,' and, 'Be careful doing what you love, because sometimes it will turn on you.' And, you know, anytime you mix something that you love and business, you're gonna find the rusty cracks in there that piss you off. So that song, really, is about how much I still love making music, but also how much I just hate the business side, the numbers side, the people in the suits who try to run stuff, and having to deal with them and having to learn how to talk to them. And, you know, it's frustrating sometimes, but it is what it is. And luckily, we got a great song out of it, and we were able to really paint something really cool with it and just be able to put it out there for people to dig.\" Critical reception Upon release, \"Killpop\" was met with positive reviews by critics and music sites. Loudwire stated \"Today, we were exposed to ‘Killpop,’ which is arguably the poppiest Slipknot cut from ‘.5: The Gray Chapter’ so far. Vocalist Corey Taylor is very front-and-center throughout the track, as Slipknot's new mystery drummer takes a step back from his death metal-inspired parts showcased throughout the new album so far.\" Metal Injection said \"Today, the band released their latest single, \"Killpop\" and this one builds and builds and builds until it gets really heavy. It's definitely one of the standout tracks on the album.\" Music video After the release of .5: The Gray Chapter, Corey Taylor stated that 'Killpop' would be the next song from the album to get a music video. No information about the video was released between the point Taylor said the song would be getting a music video (circa November 2014) and on June 7, 2015, when the band's official", "title": "Killpop" }, { "docid": "42413812", "text": "Ia Ia, I Do (), is a 2012 co-produced Mainland China and Taiwan romance comedy drama. The \"Ia Ia\" from the title is the sound of whining in Chinese which is pronounced \"Ah Ya Ah Ya\". The drama stars Dylan Kuo, Tammy Chen, Song Min Yu, Re Yi Zha and Xu Yue. Directed by Yang Guan Yu and Ke Zheng Ming, the drama is produced by Chinese web streaming site Tudou. Filming began on September 5, 2011 on location in Taiwan and Dongshan County in Fujian province, China and finished on December 9, 2011. Synopsis Qin Ai Ya is a hard working individual who works many odd jobs to save up money. Due to a past heartbreak she does not think about love but only cares about making money. Her dream is to marry a rich guy so she can live a relaxing life, but she mistakes Ji Xiang En, a rich land developer, for a poor waiter she met at a party. Summary Qin Ai Ya (Tammy Chen) is an orphan who lives on the beautiful but impoverished Yuan Zhou Island. She was raised and taken care of by the local residents of the island. Due to a past relationship that ended in heartbreak Ai Ya does not believe in true love anymore, instead focusing on making money and dreaming of becoming rich. To save money and make a living she works many odd jobs such as last-minute wedding photographer, hired actress to break up with someone and drug store manager. Ji Xiang En (Dylan Kuo) is the tall and handsome CEO of a land development corporation. His father died when he was young leaving him to take care of the family business and his mother. Due to his attractive background and looks, gossip magazines constantly him to many beauties but his love only belongs to Tong Hua (Reyizha Alimjan), his childhood friend who is a rich girl who became a famous actress. Xiang En desperately wants Tong Hua to marry him but she feels she does not love him enough to accept his marriage proposal. When his former friend and classmate Wu Wei (Song Min Yu) shows up to even an old score, Wu Wei courts Tong Hua who he knows is a very important person of Xiang En. Xiang En is heartbroken when he finds out about Tong Hua and Wu Wei relationship in the tabloids. Ai Ya and Xiang En first encounter each other when she is chasing a purse snatching thief, barefoot in an evening gown on the streets of Taipei. When doing so she damages Xiang En's brand new expensive car without realizing it. The two meet again when Ai Ya crashes a high-profile charity party in hopes of meeting a rich guy. She runs into Xiang En who pretends to be a waiter while trying to get away from tabloid photographers trying to capture images of him and Tong Hua together. Ai Ya mistakes him for a poor waiter when he ruins her", "title": "Ia Ia, I Do" }, { "docid": "50003206", "text": "Daddy Dearest (; literally \"Super Daddy\") is a 2016 Hong Kong modern family comedy television drama produced by Poon Ka-tak for TVB, starring Johnson Lee, Jason Chan Chi-san and Mandy Wong as the main leads. It premiered on August 1, 2016, airing every Monday to Friday on Hong Kong's TVB Jade, Malaysia's Astro On Demand and Australia's TVBJ channels during its 8:30-9:30 pm timeslot, concluding August 26, 2016 with a total of 20 episodes. Synopsis Kuk Chi-keung (Johnson Lee) is an absentee father who boasts to his son, Kuk Tui-nam (Marcus Lo), his busy life because of his important business meetings and huge deal making. However, Chi-keung is really just an ordinary real-estate agent who cares more about work than spending time with his son. His work is so important to him that he would rather cancel his parental visits with Tui-nam and use his personal time to socialize with his boss. Chi-keung's inability to keep promises to his son has left him in a strained relationship with his ex-wife and her fiancé who have to make excuses to spare Tui-nam from disappointment. When his ex-wife leaves Hong Kong to get married and go on a honeymoon, Tui-nam is left in Chi-keung's care for an extended period of time. Jealous that his son is growing closer to his new step-father, Chi-keung takes the task of being a responsible father seriously. However, not being used to taking care of his son has left Chi-keung often overlooking his son's needs and feelings. After seeing his client, Ophelia Chu Lai-fa (Mandy Wong), a teacher at a learning center, teach Tui-nam how to do homework, Chi-keung decides to enroll Tui-nam in Ophelia's learning center instead of having Tui-nam tag along with him to work. When Ophelia and her landlord find out Chi-keung had doctored their rental lease in order to complete a sale, they file a complaint against Chi-keung. Due to his underhanded actions to complete a sale Tse-keung's real-estate license is suspended for 6 months. While under suspension, Chi-keung notices Ophelia's learning center struggling because she is too nice to her students by refusing to charge extra for overtime and collect tuition when a student cannot pay. After a teaching staff quits and threatens to take the learning centre's students with her, Ophelia asks Chi-keung, who is business minded, to advise her on how to save the learning center. Chi-keung instead suggests he become a business partner at her learning center. In exchange Ophelia advises Chi-keung on how to be a caring parent to Tui-nam, who she notices is often neglected due to his independence. Marius Sheung Nim-shu (Jason Chan) is also an absentee father, but unlike Chi-keung, his long business trips take him away from his family. As an architect, his career takes him away from his family for months. However, he is always thinking of his family and can't wait to get back to them. Even though he is a loving dad to his kids, Marius's hectic work life causes him", "title": "Daddy Dearest (2016 TV series)" }, { "docid": "51921018", "text": "Golisoda () is a 2016 Indian Kannada-language film written, directed by Raghujaya. The film stars Vikram Sahidev, Priyanka Jain, Tara, Hemanth S., Shille Manjunath, Divya Rangaya and Chandan Pushpa. It is a remake of the 2014 Tamil film of the same name with Madhusudhan Rao reprising his role. The film was dubbed in Telugu as Evadu Thakkuva Kadu in 2019 with a song and comedy scene reshot with Hari Gowra replacing Rajesh Ramanath as the composer. Plot Four boys work in the KR Market as load carriers. They have a friend in the market named Puttakka. The boys work for Puttakka at her vegetable shop in the market. The four boys who grew up as orphans are brought up in the market. The boys fall in love with school girls. Under various circumstances they befriend a school girl who looks ugly but is good at heart. Later it is revealed that the girl is studying in the hostel because their parents are divorced and no one is ready to take care of her. The eldest among the four boys named appu falls in love with a school girl. With the ideas of their friend he meets the girl at the market when it is revealed that she is the daughter of Puttakka. With guilt the boys won't meet Puttakka for few days. The market is closed for few days due to lorry strikes taking place in the market. The boys sleep hungry because of this. Puttakka comes with her daughter and feeds the boys. She says them to make something for their living. The boys decide to do that and start to sell discarded vegetables at cheaper rates. Puttakka sees this and appreciates them. But she doesn't want then to do that. She takes the boys to the market chief and asks for a principal amount at interest to set up a business. The boys plan what business has to be done but won't get a suitable idea. The girl suggests them to start a hotel at the market. The next day when Puttakka and the boys go to the market chief then he says that he won't be able to give money to them but they can use the free space in the market which he used to use as a godown for free. The business goes well and the group earns a lot of money from the hotel. But the business goes dull when the chief's people use the place for drinking and other malicious purposes. This angers the boys and the boys hit the chief's people in the market among the crowd. Later Puttakka and the boys go to the chief to ask for forgiveness. But the chief wants the boys to be hit by his men in the market to restrain fear of him among the people. He says Puttakka to stay in his house and sends the boys with his men. When the boys are being beaten the two girls come to the place. The", "title": "Golisoda" }, { "docid": "7116380", "text": "Phnom Malai () is a mountain area in Malai District, Banteay Meanchey Province of Cambodia. The district became a Khmer Rouge stronghold and battleground through the 1980s and 1990s. Today it is a remote and sparsely populated border area with scattered settlements mostly made up of former rebels. History Refugees from refugee camps in Aranyaprathet, Thailand, were forcefully sent back across the border in 1980 to areas under Khmer Rouge control and many of them ended up in Phnom Malai. The process was organized by pro-Democratic Kampuchea cadres, but it was presented to the press as \"voluntary\". It was supported by the United States government, who took a dim view of the existing pro-Vietnamese Cambodian regime, as well as countries like Malaysia, Thailand and Singapore, whose representative exhorted the disoriented refugees to \"go back and fight.\" By 1981 Phnom Malai was not self-sufficient, the Khmer Rouge uniforms and weapons came from China, channeled through the Thai military, and the food from markets across the border in Thailand. In this period, the Khmer Rouge was able to rebuild its military, now titled the \"National Army of Democratic Kampuchea\" (NADK), as well as its infamous ruling party, the Communist Party of Kampuchea (CPK), the alienated and abstruse \"angkar\", as the Party of Democratic Kampuchea. By mid-1980s, with the cooperation of the West and China, the Khmer Rouge had grown to about 35 to 50 thousand troops and committed cadres. Pol Pot lived in the Phnom Malai area, giving interviews in the early 1980s accusing all those who opposed him of being traitors and \"puppets\" of the Vietnamese until he disappeared from public view. In 1985, his \"retirement\" was announced, but he kept hiding somewhere close by, still pulling the Khmer Rouge strings of power. Phnom Malai was the location where in 1981 Pol Pot made his famous declarations denying guilt for the brutalities of the organization he led: [Pol Pot] said that he knows that many people in the country hate him and think he’s responsible for the killings. He said that he knows many people died. When he said this he nearly broke down and cried. He said he must accept responsibility because the line was too far to the left, and because he didn’t keep proper track of what was going on. He said he was like the master in a house he didn’t know what the kids were up to, and that he trusted people too much. For example, he allowed [one person] to take care of central committee business for him, [another person] to take care of intellectuals, and [a third person] to take care of political education.... These were the people to whom he felt very close, and he trusted them completely. Then in the end ... they made a mess of everything.... They would tell him things that were not true, that everything was fine, that this person or that was a traitor. In the end they were the real traitors. The major problem had been", "title": "Phnom Malai" }, { "docid": "48531427", "text": "Thattungal Thirakkappadum () is a 1966 Indian Tamil-language thriller film directed by J. P. Chandrababu. Savitri Ganesh, K. R. Vijaya, Shoba (credited as Baby Mahalakshmi), Chandrababu and Manohar star, while A. V. M. Rajan, Cho and M. R. R. Vasu play supporting roles. Shoba made her debut film as a child artist in this film. The film was released on 17 June 1966. When the film was released, the clip of the song Kalyana Panthal Alangaram was not in the film due to a delay in the shooting and editing. In the second week, the clip was merged into the film. The film was a failure due to a weak plot. Plot Shankar murders his mistress, Geetha after finding out that she has had a child with another man. Adaikalam, who is mute and an orphan is blamed for this murder. Adaikalam gets arrested by the police. Then Shankar meets his wife (the one that he had abandoned) Meenakshi, and his daughter and lives with them. When Shankar goes abroad on business, by ship, the ship explodes. Shankar feigns death after which, his insurance money is received by Meenakshi. Shankar needed that money to pay off his debts so he had pretended to be dead and made Meenakshi take the insurance money and pay his debts. Shankar and Meenakshi have a fight. While fighting, Shankar's daughter gets frightened and kills Shankar. Meenakshi is shocked and hides his body in a room. That's when Adaikalam gets released from jail. When he goes to meet Shankar, Meenakshi tries to stop him entering the room, but she cannot. When Adaikalam sees the body, he is shocked. Meenakshi pretends not to know anything about this and calls the police. When the police come, they investigate and come to know that Meenakshi killed Shankar. Meenakshi is arrested and her daughter is taken care of by Adaikalam. Cast Savitri Ganesh as Meenakshi K. R. Vijaya as Geetha Baby Mahalakshmi as Meenakshi's daughter J. P. Chandrababu as Adaikalam Manohar as Shankar A. V. M. Rajan as the doctor Cho as the lawyer M. R. R. Vasu as the servant Production Chandrababu was to have made his directorial debut with Maadi Veettu Ezhai, which was shelved; as a result, Thattungal Thirakkappadum became his directorial debut. Soundtrack The music was composed by M. S. Viswanathan and lyrics were written by Kannadasan. Reception Kalki praised the acting of actors, cinematography but felt songs did not stay in the mind and concluded saying we expected innovation and revolution in Chandrababu's film but got disappointed. References External links 1960s Indian films 1960s Tamil-language films 1960s thriller films 1966 directorial debut films 1966 films Films scored by M. S. Viswanathan Indian black-and-white films Indian thriller films", "title": "Thattungal Thirakkappadum" }, { "docid": "7483888", "text": "MicroLoan Foundation is a UK-based microfinance charity that gives small loans and business training to women in Malawi, Zimbabwe and Zambia. The main objectives of the organisation is poverty alleviation and gender empowerment, and consequently its main focus has been on the women living in the rural areas, who make up majority of the poor in Sub-Saharan Africa. In 2022 alone, MicroLoan supported over 160,000 women to grow businesses. With these loans and free business and financial literacy training, the women are able to start businesses thereby increasing their household incomes, business profits and assets. They are able to make savings to support them during future hardship. The women are also able to pay for their children to attend school, pay for medical care and make their families more food secure. Much of the training is delivered in song, dance and role-play because of low literacy rates. History of MicroLoan MicroLoan Foundation (MLF) was founded in the late 1990s by Peter Ryan. During a visit to Malawi in 1997, Peter was astounded by the level of poverty in the country and the disparity between the rich and the poor. He recognised a need for extending financial services to the poor in Sub-Sarahan Africa, for whom these services are usually almost impossible to access due to the remoteness of the areas and the clients lack of collateral to secure the loans. These clients are also hindered by their lack of education and business training. With his experience in starting small businesses in Chiswick, Peter started the organisation in Malawi and since then operations have grown and MicroLoan now serves women across Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe. How it works Loan Officers ride out to the rural areas on motorcycles or bikes to reach even the most remote communities. Those who are interested are then encouraged to form groups of between 5-20 members. The Loan Officers provide business and financial literacy training before the first loan is dispensed. Loans average about £62, but can be as small as £12. These loans are charged a service-charge and are not entirely free. Repayments are recycled and reused to make more loans. The training offered includes business training; how to make a business plan, marketing etc. It also aims to encourage group support and cohesion in the group. This training is participatory and takes into account the fact that two-thirds of its clients have little or no schooling. These training sessions continue to ensure the success of their businesses. The clients are encouraged to build up capital reserves and increase their economic independence. The amount of savings also determines their loan sizes. This approach has been successful and has led to a high repayment level of 98%, with low drop out rates. Pro-Poor Pilot Programme In May 2015, MLF made a commitment to meet the poorest in society; those living on less than $1.25 a day by the end of 2016. This will involve rolling out a pilot programme to 2,700 clients in two branches in", "title": "Microloan Foundation" }, { "docid": "33981210", "text": "\"I Care\" is a song recorded by the American singer Beyoncé for her fourth studio album, 4 (2011). It was written by Jeff Bhasker, Chad Hugo and Beyoncé and produced by Bhasker and co-produced by Beyoncé with Hugo playing rhythm guitar. The song was recorded at the MSR Studios and was mixed by Jordan Young aka DJ Swivel at KMA Studio in New York City. \"I Care\" is an R&B power ballad, which also contains elements of soul music and rock music. Built on a hand-clapped rhythm and pulsating beats, the song's instrumentation consists of screeching guitars, low-profile synthesizers, pounding drums, heavy percussion instrument and a piano. In \"I Care\", Beyoncé admits her vulnerability to her indifferent love interest with both honesty and power. She sings with heartfelt emotion over cooing background vocals and scats alongside a multi-octave guitar solo towards the end of the song. \"I Care\" was sent to contemporary hit radio in Italy on March 23, 2012 as the seventh overall single from 4. \"I Care\" was acclaimed by contemporary music critics who highlighted the heartfelt emotion, sadness and resentment with which Beyoncé sings. Critics also complimented the way she made effective use out the power in her lower register in the first and second verses until her voice slowly builds until the commanding chorus is reached. They generally praised the guitar solo and the vocal power of Beyoncé which was displayed by \"I Care\" among other songs on 4. Following the release of 4 in early July 2011, \"I Care\" charted number 35 on the South Korea Gaon International Singles Chart, based on downloads alone. The song was part of Beyoncé's set list for her revues 4 Intimate Nights with Beyoncé (2011) and Revel Presents: Beyoncé Live (2012) as well as The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour (2013). It was also used as an interlude in her The Formation World Tour (2016). Background \"I Care\" was written by Jeff Bhasker, Chad Hugo and Beyoncé while production was handled by Bhasker and Beyoncé. A private listening party for Beyoncé's fourth studio album, 4, was held on May 12, 2011. She offered a select group of fans a preview of five songs from 4 and the official video for the lead single \"Run the World (Girls)\". On that occasion, \"I Care\" was one of the songs previewed. Beginning on June 16 to June 27, 2011, the songs from 4 were available to listen to in full each day on Beyoncé's official website, paired with its accompanying photo spread from the album packaging and an insightful quote. On June 17, 2011, \"I Care\" was the second song to be chosen. The quote found Beyoncé commenting that \"I Care\" is one of the many ballads which take on matters of the heart. In February 2013, Bhasker revealed that the song was initially written for his first studio album Born on the Fourth of July released in July 2013. He described the sound of his version of \"I Care\" as \"a", "title": "I Care (Beyoncé song)" }, { "docid": "2736330", "text": "Bonjour Monsieur Shlomi (Hebrew title: Ha-Kochavim Shel Shlomi, Shlomi's Stars) is a 2003 film written and directed by Shemi Zarhin. The film stars Oshri Cohen, Aya Koren, Esti Zakheim and Arieh Elias. The film received twelve Ophir Award nominations. The story is about a 16-year-old Israeli boy, named Shlomi (Cohen), Who cares for everyone in his life but himself. Plot summary Shlomi (Oshri Cohen) lives with his jealous and pretentious mother, his soldier brother, and their elderly grandfather. Although not doing well in school, Shlomi is a gifted cook and takes care of most household chores, while all the grownups around him are busy with their childish affairs, neglect him, and ignore his dyslexia. Shlomi tries to be invisible, especially at school, until a routine math test catches the attention of Shlomi's teacher, who suspects that a unique gift lies behind that dormant facade. The school's headmaster takes Shlomi under his wing, and Shlomi blossoms. Main cast Oshri Cohen – Shlomi Bar-Dayan Arieh Elias – Grandfather Bar-Dayan Esti Zakheim – Ruhama Bar-Dayan, the mother Aya Koren – Rona Yigal Naor – Avihu, the headmaster – Robert Bar-Dayan, the father and Ruhama's Ex-husband – Doron Bar-Dayan, the brother Rotem Abuhab – Ziva, the sister Asi Cohen – Tzachi, the brother-in-law and Ziva's husband Soundtrack Original Score - Jonathan Bar Giora Theme song - Od Avo Music:Jonathan Bar Giora lyrics: Nathan Alterman Performed by Chaim Uliel Reception The film has a 71% \"fresh\" rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 31 critical reviews. The film received 12 nominations at the Ophir Awards: Best Film Best Actor - Oshri Cohen Best Actress - Esti Zakheim Best Supporting Actor - Arieh Elias Best Supporting Actress -Aya Koren Best Director - Shemi Zarchin Best Screenplay - Shemi Zarchin Best Cinematography - Itzik Portal Best Editing - Einat Glaser-Zarchin Best Costume Design - Inbal Shaki Best Music - Jonathan Bar Giora Best Sound - John Purcell, Eli Yarkoni, Israel David, Ronen Sabo References External links Soundtrack album Theme song Od Avo 2003 films 2003 comedy-drama films 2000s Hebrew-language films Israeli comedy-drama films", "title": "Bonjour Monsieur Shlomi" }, { "docid": "1421977", "text": "Shaft's Big Score! is a 1972 American blaxploitation action-crime film starring Richard Roundtree as private detective John Shaft. It is the second entry in the Shaft film series, with both director Gordon Parks and screenwriter Ernest Tidyman reprising their roles from the first film. Moses Gunn and Drew Bundini Brown also return from the previous film, alongside new appearances from acting veterans Joseph Mascolo, Julius Harris and Joe Santos. Composer Isaac Hayes turned down an offer to score the film (though he did contribute the song \"Type Thang\"), so Parks, also a musician, composed and performed the score himself. The film was produced on a budget of $1,978,000, over three times that of its predecessor. It received mixed reviews, with critics praising the improved production values and direction, but criticizing it as lacking the charm and appeal of the original. It was followed by Shaft in Africa one year later. Plot Queens private detective John Shaft is contacted by his old friend Cal Asby, an insurance salesman and mortician, who tells him he's in trouble and asks him to come immediately. As soon as Shaft arrives, Asby is killed by a bomb planted inside of his house. Shaft is questioned by a suspicious police Captain Bollin, but is quickly released due to a lack of evidence. Asby's business partner Johnny Kelly owes mob boss Gus Mascola $250,000 in past gambling debts, money he had planned to take from his partner but had been moved and hidden before his death. Asby's house is ransacked before Shaft, Kelly, and Asby's sister Arna can investigate. When the perpetrator runs out, Kelly blocks Shaft from chasing him while pretending to help. Suspicious, Shaft tells Arna that he wants to inspect Asby and Kelly's partnership papers, warning Kelly he intends to protect Arna. Bollin reveals to Shaft that Asby and Kelly were running a numbers racket with the insurance company and funeral parlor as profitable fronts but because they agreed to keep the scam clean, he looked the other way. Now that Asby is dead, however, Bollin fears that the mob will move in to take over their businesses. Although Bollin suspects that Shaft may be involved with one of the gangsters, he asks him to help, and Shaft coolly agrees. Shaft forces one of Kelly's numbers runners to reveal the location of the operation's headquarters. Upon arriving, he is seduced by Kelly's mistress Rita as revenge for her lover's mistreatment. While the two have sex, Kelly is threatened by Mascola, who demands not only to be paid but to be made an equal partner in the operation. Kelly is reluctant, telling the mobster that he is worried about Shaft's interference on Arna's behalf, but after Mascola promises to “take care” of Shaft, Kelly agrees to a 50-50 partnership. Shaft goes over the partnership papers with Arna and explains that although her brother was involved in gambling, he was reinvesting in the community, unlike the greedy Kelly. He also tells her that Asby had agreed", "title": "Shaft's Big Score!" }, { "docid": "49953445", "text": "Taking Care of Business may refer to: \"Takin' Care of Business\" (song), a 1974 song by Canadian rock band Bachman–Turner Overdrive Taking Care of Business (film), a 1990 American comedy film Takin' Care of Business (Charlie Rouse album), a 1960 album by American jazz saxophonist Charlie Rouse Taking Care of Business (Oliver Nelson album), a 1960 album by American jazz saxophonist Oliver Nelson Taking Care of Business, a 1970 album by American blues singer and musician James Cotton Taking Care of Business, a 1995 album by English pop punk band Senseless Things Takin' Care of Business, a 1998 compilation album by Bachman–Turner Overdrive See also TCB (album), a 2010 album by James Reyne, abbreviation for Taking Care of Business TCB (TV program), a 1968 Motown television special and its respective album, abbreviation for Taking Care of Business TCB (disambiguation)", "title": "Taking Care of Business" }, { "docid": "1785483", "text": "\"Bed of Rose's\" is a song written by Harold Reid, and recorded by American country music group the Statler Brothers. It was released in October 1970 as the first single and title track from the album Bed of Rose's. The song reached its popularity peak in the winter of 1971, eventually reaching the Top 10 of the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart, peaking at number nine. It also reached #58 on the Billboard Hot 100 and #51 on the Australian Singles Chart (Go-Set). A cover version by Irish singer/songwriter Daniel O'Donnell was also recorded for his 1990 album Daniel O'Donnell - Favourites. Tanya Tucker also recorded a slightly modified version of it, included on her 1974 Columbia album, Would You Lay with Me (In a Field of Stone), and again for The Best Of Tanya Tucker, released in 1982 under MCA records. Content The title of \"Bed of Rose's\" is, like some of the other Statler Brothers' works, a play on words - in this case on the common English idiom \"bed of roses\", which means an easy and pleasant life. The song is both a challenge of narrow-minded religion and moralism, and a gentle celebration of love. A young orphaned man in a small town (possibly modeled after the Statlers' hometown of Staunton, Virginia) has for some reason become shunned by the \"polite\" members of society, and is forced to beg in the streets. His life improves when a streetwalker named Rose, nearly twice his age, takes him in; he becomes her lover. The song juxtaposes the hypocrisy of the nominally Christian townspeople who would \"...go to church but left me in the street\" and their envy of Rose who \"managed a late evening business / like most of the town wished they could do\", with the care and tender love that evolves between the two outcasts. Chart performance References 1970 singles The Statler Brothers songs Song recordings produced by Jerry Kennedy Songs written by Harold Reid Mercury Records singles 1970 songs", "title": "Bed of Rose's" }, { "docid": "19558213", "text": "Take Care of Your Scarf, Tatiana (), also translated as Take Care of Your Scarf, Tatjana, is a 1994 Finnish/German film directed, produced and co-written by Aki Kaurismäki. The film tells the story of two shy and unaccomplished middle-aged men who run away from their mothers' homes and drive aimlessly on the back roads of Finland. Plot Valto (Mato Valtonen) lives with his mother, who runs a clothing business. Valto is seen sewing clothes for his mother at the beginning of the film. When he discovers the coffee has run out, and his mother refuses to make him a new one straight away, he locks her in a cupboard, steals her money and goes out. Valto finds Reino (Matti Pellonpää), who has been fixing Valto's car. They then go on a road trip with no apparent destination. With music coming out of a in-car vinyl player of Valto's car and Reino's story about how he got into some legal trouble after he punched someone, the two seemingly enjoy the road trip. This is a typical Kaurismäki's ordinary-scene-made-interesting moment. When they make a stop at a bar, they meet Tatiana (Kati Outinen) from Estonia and Klavdia (Kirsi Tykkyläinen) from Russia. Tatiana and Klavdia ask Valto and Reino to drive them to a harbour. Since Valto and Reino's road trip does not have a clear destination at the first place, Valto and Reino agree to take Tatiana and Klavdia. Throughout the journey, Valto has been drinking coffee and Reino drinking vodka. Although Reino is reserved in his nature, he sits down next to Tatiana during one of the stops of the journey. Tatiana relaxes her head on Reino's shoulder. The film suggests the two have fallen in love at this point. At the end of the film, Reino and Tatiana remain in love with each other and live together in Estonia whereas Valto returns home, releases his mother out of the cupboard and resumes sewing clothes. Cast Reception Time Out called the film a \"beautifully economic anti-romantic road comedy... Marvellously observed and understated\". References External links Take Care of Your Scarf, Tatiana at the British Film Institute Films directed by Aki Kaurismäki 1990s Finnish-language films 1994 films Finnish black-and-white films", "title": "Take Care of Your Scarf, Tatiana" }, { "docid": "36816022", "text": "\"Over My Dead Body\" is a song by Canadian rapper Drake from his second studio album, Take Care (2011). The song serves as the opening track from the album, and was written by Drake, Noah \"40\" Shebib, Anthony Palman and Canadian singer-songwriter Chantal Kreviazuk; Shebib provided the song's production, with Kreviazuk providing co-production and additional vocals. Background In 2010, following the success of his debut studio album Thank Me Later, Drake revealed in an interview with MTV News that his second album would be titled Take Care. He later confirmed he would continue to work extensively with longtime collaborator Noah \"40\" Shebib, who he wished to handle most of the production as he felt that Thank Me Laters sound had been too disparate, partly due to the large number of producers involved. He also noted in an interview with BBC Radio 1 that Thank Me Later had been \"rushed\", and that his new album's title of Take Care was partly attributed to the attitude he attempted to maintain whilst recording. The recording sessions for Take Care lasted for four months and largely took place in the city of Toronto, Ontario. During these sessions, Drake requested that Canadian singer-songwriter Chantal Kreviazuk work with him on Take Care and perform on \"Over My Dead Body\": she described the album's creative process as \"beautiful\", and commented that she had felt \"privileged to have lent my voice and melodic take on his fancy footwork\". Recording \"Over My Dead Body\" was written by Drake, Noah \"40\" Shebib, Anthony Palman and Chantal Kreviazuk, with Shebib providing the song's production. Kreviazuk provided additional vocals, and is also credited as the song's co-producer. Shebib also provided all of the song's instruments, except for additional piano, which was provided by Kreviazuk. \"Over My Dead Body\" was recorded by Shebib at Sterling Road Studios and NightBird Recording Studios – recording studios in Toronto, Ontario and West Hollywood, California respectively. Mixing was performed by Noel Campbell at Studio 306 in Toronto, with assistant engineering carried out by Noel Cadastre. The song was mastered by Chris Gehringer at Sterling Sound in New York City. The song uses a sample of a remixed version of the song \"Sailin' Da South\" by American rapper E.S.G.: the remix was made by disc jockey DJ Screw for his 1995 album 3 'n the Mornin', Pt. 1. Composition \"Over My Dead Body\" is the opening track on Take Care, and lasts for a duration of 4 minutes and thirty-two seconds. Its \"poignant\" instrumentation is largely piano-driven, and contains influences of R&B and downtempo dance music, although it remains a primarily hip-hop song. Priya Elan of NME described the song as \"emo-hop\", and compared the backing track to the work of R&B singer and producer Frank Ocean. Writing for PopMatters, David Amidon noticed the use of low-pass filters in the instrumentation, and quipped that they allowed Drake to \"[dance] between rapping and alto vocals more nimbly than ever\". Like many of the songs of Take Care, \"Over My", "title": "Over My Dead Body (song)" }, { "docid": "62882985", "text": "The Daddy Day Care film series consists of American family-comedy films. Based on original characters by Geoff Rodkey, the plot centers around unemployed dads who start a day care services to help bring in more funds for their respective families. Comedic circumstances follow, as the men are overwhelmed by the rambunctious and mischievous actions of the children. The first film, though a financial success at the box-office, received generally negative reviews from critics. Variety called it \"scarcely more amusing than spending ninety minutes in a pre K classroom\". Part two proved to be a moderate success financially, though it was panned by film critics with critiques pointed at the overuse of potty humor. The final film in the trilogy, which debuted over a decade after its predecessor, was made with a small-budget and was released straight-to-home video. The film was met with negative reviews, though it fared well with rentals and sales. Films Daddy Day Care (2003) Charles \"Charlie\" Hinton is unemployed and a stay-at-home father, taking care of his young son, while his wife makes a living and pays for the bills. Charlie works with his friend named Phillip \"Phil\" Ryerson, who is also without a job, to establish Daddy Day Care. The pair quickly gain a popular reputation, causing an enrollment swell. With additional regulations, they struggle to keep business alive. When a competing day care owner named Ms. Gwyneth Harridan calls the attention social workers in attempt to put Daddy Day Care out of business, social services notifies the business that their operating home is not large enough for their number of clients, causing Charlie and Phil to hold a fundraiser to raise funding. Events that follow lead Charlie to quit the company, and focus on his family instead. As parents flock to Ms. Harridan's Day Care, Charlie and Phil realize their role in children's lives. At a student orientation, the pair reveal her careless ways and expose her distaste for her work. Expressing their love for the children that they have cared for, adults sign on for business with Daddy Day Care, earning the company enough money for the new office. Daddy Day Camp (2007) Charlie Hinton and Phil Ryerson, close friends who formed a successful day care center partnership, purchase a camp site from their past. After being instigated by their wives to do so, Camp Driftwood becomes a business venture between the pair. An offshoot of their Daddy Day Care business, Charlie and Phil face insurmountable odds when renovating the site, while also competing with a nearby rival location. Camp Canola, ran by Charlie's rival named Lance, is a luxurious, successful, and thriving campsite, while Camp Driftwood requires a lot of work to restore the grounds to its former glory. After various attempts, the duo find that they may face a bankruptcy process. Along with the plans for the upcoming Olympiad challenge event between the rival camps, Charlie and Phil become overwhelmed. Charlie approaches his estranged father, for help in returning the camp to", "title": "Daddy Day Care (film series)" }, { "docid": "70201982", "text": "Broker () is a 2022 South Korean drama film written, directed and edited by Japanese filmmaker Hirokazu Kore-eda, and starring Song Kang-ho, Gang Dong-won, Bae Doona, Lee Ji-eun, and Lee Joo-young. The film revolves around characters associated with baby boxes, which allow infants to be dropped off anonymously to be cared for by others. The film was selected to compete for the Palme d'Or at the 2022 Cannes Film Festival, where it was screened on 26 May and won Ecumenical Jury Award and the Best Actor Award for Song Kang-ho. It was released on June 8, 2022, in theaters in South Korea. Synopsis Ha Sang-hyeon is the owner of a hand laundry and volunteers at the nearby church, where his friend Dong-soo works. The two run an illegal business together: Sang-hyeon occasionally steals babies from the church's baby box with Dong-soo, who deletes the church's surveillance footage that shows a baby was left there. They sell the babies on the adoption black market. But when a young mother So-young comes back after having abandoned her baby, she discovers them and decides to go with them on a road trip to interview the baby's potential parents. Meanwhile, two detectives, Soo-jin and Lee, are on their trail. Cast Song Kang-ho as Ha Sang-hyeon, the owner of a hand laundry who takes babies from a baby box at a nearby church and sells them with the help of his partner Dong-soo. Gang Dong-won as Dong-soo, Sang-hyeon's right-hand man who works part-time at the church and covers for Sang-hyeon. Bae Doona as Soo-jin, a police detective who is investigating the two men's illegal business. Lee Ji-eun as Moon So-young, a mother who decides to leave her baby at the baby box. Lee Joo-young as Detective Lee, Soo-jin's colleague who also participates in the investigation. Park Ji-yong as Woo-sung, So-young's baby Im Seung-soo as Hae-jin, a child in the same nursery as Dong-soo who joins the brokers' journey. Kang Gil-woo as Mr. Lim, a trader who illegally trafficks children. Special appearances Lee Moo-saeng as Seon-ho Ryu Kyung-soo as Shin Tae-ho Song Sae-byeok as a kindergarten director. Kim Sun-young as the wife of the kindergarten director Lee Dong-hwi as Song Kim Sae-byuk as Song's wife Kim Do-yeon as Sun-ah Park Hae-joon as Yoon Baek Hyun-jin as Detective Choi Kim Ye-eun as Im's wife Production Development The idea for Broker was initially conceived by Kore-eda while researching the Japanese adoption system for his 2013 film Like Father, Like Son, discovering in the process its similarities with the South Korean adoption system. He learned about Japan's only baby box, a place where people can anonymously leave children, and the criticism surrounding the system in Japan. It can be found all around the world, including South Korea, where it is much more popular in comparison with Japan. After Kore-eda discussed with Song, Bae, Gang making a film together, he decided to combine the two ideas. Kore-eda had previously become acquainted with Song and Gang at various film festivals, while", "title": "Broker (2022 film)" } ]	[ "Randy Bachman" ]
train_21980	what do you call the point farthest from a satellite 's orbit to a planet	[ { "docid": "88213", "text": "An apsis (; ) is the farthest or nearest point in the orbit of a planetary body about its primary body. The line of apsides is the line connecting the two extreme values. Apsides pertaining to orbits around the Sun have distinct names to differentiate themselves from other apsides; these names are aphelion for the farthest and perihelion for the nearest point in the solar orbit. The Moon's two apsides are the farthest point, apogee, and the nearest point, perigee, of its orbit around the host Earth. Earth's two apsides are the farthest point, aphelion, and the nearest point, perihelion, of its orbit around the host Sun. The terms aphelion and perihelion apply in the same way to the orbits of Jupiter and the other planets, the comets, and the asteroids of the Solar System. General description There are two apsides in any elliptic orbit. The name for each apsis is created from the prefixes ap-, apo- () for the farthest or peri- () for the closest point to the primary body, with a suffix that describes the primary body. The suffix for Earth is -gee, so the apsides' names are apogee and perigee. For the Sun, the suffix is -helion, so the names are aphelion and perihelion. According to Newton's laws of motion, all periodic orbits are ellipses. The barycenter of the two bodies may lie well within the bigger body—e.g., the Earth–Moon barycenter is about 75% of the way from Earth's center to its surface. If, compared to the larger mass, the smaller mass is negligible (e.g., for satellites), then the orbital parameters are independent of the smaller mass. When used as a suffix—that is, -apsis—the term can refer to the two distances from the primary body to the orbiting body when the latter is located: 1) at the periapsis point, or 2) at the apoapsis point (compare both graphics, second figure). The line of apsides denotes the distance of the line that joins the nearest and farthest points across an orbit; it also refers simply to the extreme range of an object orbiting a host body (see top figure; see third figure). In orbital mechanics, the apsides technically refer to the distance measured between the center of mass of the central body and the center of mass of the orbiting body. However, in the case of a spacecraft, the terms are commonly used to refer to the orbital altitude of the spacecraft above the surface of the central body (assuming a constant, standard reference radius). Terminology The words \"pericenter\" and \"apocenter\" are often seen, although periapsis/apoapsis are preferred in technical usage. For generic situations where the primary is not specified, the terms pericenter and apocenter are used for naming the extreme points of orbits (see table, top figure); periapsis and apoapsis (or apapsis) are equivalent alternatives, but these terms also frequently refer to distances—that is, the smallest and largest distances between the orbiter and its host body (see second figure). For a body orbiting the Sun, the", "title": "Apsis" }, { "docid": "19349420", "text": "In celestial mechanics, apsidal precession (or apsidal advance) is the precession (gradual rotation) of the line connecting the apsides (line of apsides) of an astronomical body's orbit. The apsides are the orbital points farthest (apoapsis) and closest (periapsis) from its primary body. The apsidal precession is the first time derivative of the argument of periapsis, one of the six main orbital elements of an orbit. Apsidal precession is considered positive when the orbit's axis rotates in the same direction as the orbital motion. An apsidal period is the time interval required for an orbit to precess through 360°, which takes Earth's orbit about 112,000 years, completing a cycle and returning to the same orientation. History The ancient Greek astronomer Hipparchus noted the apsidal precession of the Moon's orbit (as the revolution of the Moon's apogee with a period of approximately 8.85 years); it is corrected for in the Antikythera Mechanism (circa 80 BCE) (with the supposed value of 8.88 years per full cycle, correct to within 0.34% of current measurements). The precession of the solar apsides (as a motion distinct from the precession of the equinoxes), was first quantified in the second century by Ptolemy of Alexandria. He also calculated the effect of precession on movement of the heavenly bodies. The apsidal precessions of the Earth and other planets are the result of a plethora of phenomena, of which a part remained difficult to account for until the 20th century when the last unidentified part of Mercury's precession was precisely explained. Calculation A variety of factors can lead to periastron precession such as general relativity, stellar quadrupole moments, mutual star–planet tidal deformations, and perturbations from other planets. For Mercury, the perihelion precession rate due to general relativistic effects is 43″ (arcseconds) per century. By comparison, the precession due to perturbations from the other planets in the Solar System is 532″ per century, whereas the oblateness of the Sun (quadrupole moment) causes a negligible contribution of 0.025″ per century. From classical mechanics, if stars and planets are considered to be purely spherical masses, then they will obey a simple inverse-square law, relating force to distance and hence execute closed elliptical orbits according to Bertrand's theorem. Non-spherical mass effects are caused by the application of external potential(s): the centrifugal potential of spinning bodies causes flattening between the poles and the gravity of a nearby mass raises tidal bulges. Rotational and net tidal bulges create gravitational quadrupole fields () that lead to orbital precession. Total apsidal precession for isolated very hot Jupiters is, considering only lowest order effects, and broadly in order of importance with planetary tidal bulge being the dominant term, exceeding the effects of general relativity and the stellar quadrupole by more than an order of magnitude. The good resulting approximation of the tidal bulge is useful for understanding the interiors of such planets. For the shortest-period planets, the planetary interior induces precession of a few degrees per year. It is up to 19.9° per year for WASP-12b. Newton's theorem of", "title": "Apsidal precession" } ]	[ { "docid": "1204123", "text": "A space gun, sometimes called a Verne gun because of its appearance in From the Earth to the Moon by Jules Verne, is a method of launching an object into space using a large gun- or cannon-like structure. Space guns could thus potentially provide a method of non-rocket spacelaunch. It has been conjectured that space guns could place satellites into Earth's orbit (although after-launch propulsion of the satellite would be necessary to achieve a stable orbit), and could also launch spacecraft beyond Earth's gravitational pull and into other parts of the Solar System by exceeding Earth's escape velocity of about . However, these speeds are too far into the hypersonic range for most practical propulsion systems and also would cause most objects to burn up due to aerodynamic heating or be torn apart by aerodynamic drag. Therefore, a more likely future use of space guns would be to launch objects into Low Earth orbit, at which point attached rockets could be fired or the objects could be \"collected\" by maneuverable orbiting satellites. In Project HARP, a 1960s joint United States and Canada defence project, a U.S. Navy 100 caliber gun was used to fire a projectile at , reaching an apogee of , hence performing a suborbital spaceflight. However, a space gun has never been successfully used to launch an object into orbit or out of Earth's gravitational pull. Technical issues The large g-force likely to be experienced by a ballistic projectile launched in this manner would mean that a space gun would be incapable of safely launching humans or delicate instruments, rather being restricted to freight, fuel or ruggedized satellites. Getting to orbit A space gun by itself is not capable of placing objects into a stable orbit around the object (planet or otherwise) they are launched from. The orbit is a parabolic orbit, a hyperbolic orbit, or part of an elliptic orbit which ends at the planet's surface at the point of launch or another point. This means that an uncorrected ballistic payload will always strike the planet within its first orbit unless the velocity was so high as to reach or exceed escape velocity. As a result, all payloads intended to reach a closed orbit need at least to perform some sort of course correction to create another orbit that does not intersect the planet's surface. A rocket can be used for additional boost, as planned in both Project HARP and the Quicklaunch project. The magnitude of such correction may be small; for instance, the StarTram Generation 1 reference design involves a total of of rocket burn to raise perigee well above the atmosphere when entering an low Earth orbit. In a three-body or larger system, a gravity assist trajectory might be available such that a carefully aimed escape velocity projectile would have its trajectory modified by the gravitational fields of other bodies in the system such that the projectile would eventually return to orbit the initial planet using only the launch delta-v. Isaac Newton avoided this", "title": "Space gun" }, { "docid": "18013064", "text": "HD 40307 b is an extrasolar planet orbiting the star HD 40307, located 42 light-years away in the direction of the southern constellation Pictor. The planet was discovered by the radial velocity method, using the European Southern Observatory's HARPS apparatus, in June 2008. It is the second smallest of the planets orbiting the star, after HD 40307 e. The planet is of interest as this star has relatively low metallicity, supporting a hypothesis that different metallicities in protostars determine what kind of planets they will form. Discovery As with many other extrasolar planets, HD 40307 b was discovered by measuring variations in the radial velocity of the star it orbits. These measurements were made by the High Accuracy Radial Velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS) spectrograph at the Chile-based La Silla Observatory. The discovery was announced at the astrophysics conference that took place in Nantes, France between 16 and 18 June 2008. HD 40307 b was one of three found here at the time. Orbit and mass HD 40307 b is the second lightest planet discovered in the system, with at least 4.2 times the mass of the Earth. The planet orbits the star HD 40307 every 4.3 Earth days, corresponding of its location at approximately 0.047 astronomical units from the star. The eccentricity of the planet's orbit was found to not differ significantly from zero, meaning that there is insufficient data to distinguish the orbit from an entirely circular one. The star around which HD 40307 b orbits has a low metallicity, compared to other planet-bearing stars. This supports a hypothesis concerning the possibility that the metallicity of stars during their births may determine whether a protostar's accretion disk forms gas giants or terrestrial planets. The Arizonan astronomer Rory Barnes's mathematical model, in 2009, found that \"Planet b’s orbit must be more than 15◦ from face-on\"; however it cannot be much more. Characteristics HD 40307 b does not transit and has not been imaged. More specific characteristics, such as its radius, composition, and possible surface temperature cannot be determined. With a lower mass bound of 4.2 times the mass of the Earth, HD 40307 b is presumably too small to be a jovian planet. This concept was challenged in a 2009 study, which stated that if HD 40307 b is terrestrial, the planet would be highly unstable and would be affected by tidal heating in a manner greater than Io, a volcanic satellite of planet Jupiter; restrictions that seem to bind terrestrial planets, however, do not restrict ice giant planets like Neptune or Uranus. As strong tidal forces often result in the destruction of larger natural satellites in planets orbiting close to a star, it is unlikely that HD 40307 b hosts any satellites. HD 40307 b, c, and d are presumed to have migrated into their present orbits. Trivia The planet was named \"Good Planet\" in the Xkcd strip \"Exoplanet Names\" in August, 2013. See also List of exoplanets References External links HD 40307 Pictor Super-Earths Exoplanets discovered in 2008", "title": "HD 40307 b" }, { "docid": "15155395", "text": "The habitability of natural satellites is the potential of moons to provide habitats for life, though it is not an indicator that they harbor it. Natural satellites are expected to outnumber planets by a large margin and the study of their habitability is therefore important to astrobiology and the search for extraterrestrial life. There are, nevertheless, significant environmental variables specific to moons. It is projected that parameters for surface habitats will be comparable to those of planets like Earth, namely stellar properties, orbit, planetary mass, atmosphere and geology. Of the natural satellites in the Solar System's habitable zone – the Moon, two Martian satellites (though some estimates put those outside it) and numerous minor-planet moons – all lack the conditions for surface water. Unlike the Earth, all planetary mass moons of the Solar System are tidally locked and it is not yet known to what extent this and tidal forces influence habitability. Research suggests that deep biospheres like that of Earth are possible. The strongest candidates therefore are currently icy satellites such as those of Jupiter and Saturn—Europa and Enceladus respectively, in which subsurface liquid water is thought to exist. While the lunar surface is hostile to life as we know it, a deep lunar biosphere (or that of similar bodies) cannot yet be ruled out; deep exploration would be required for confirmation. Exomoons are not yet confirmed to exist and their detection may be limited to transit-timing variation, which is not currently sufficiently sensitive. It is possible that some of their attributes could be found through study of their transits. Despite this, some scientists estimate that there are as many habitable exomoons as habitable exoplanets. Given the general planet-to-satellite(s) mass ratio of 10,000, gas giants in the habitable zone are thought to be the best candidates to harbour Earth-like moons. Tidal forces are likely to play as significant a role providing heat as stellar radiation. Presumed conditions The conditions of habitability for natural satellites are similar to those of planetary habitability. However, there are several factors which differentiate natural satellite habitability and additionally extend their habitability outside the planetary habitable zone. Liquid water Liquid water is thought by most astrobiologists to be an essential prerequisite for extraterrestrial life. There is growing evidence of subsurface liquid water on several moons in the Solar System orbiting the gas giants Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. However, none of these subsurface bodies of water has been confirmed to date. Orbital stability For a stable orbit the ratio between the moon's orbital period Ps around its primary star Pp must be < , e.g. if a planet takes 90 days to orbit its star, the maximum stable orbit for a moon of that planet is less than 10 days. Simulations suggest that a moon with an orbital period less than about 45 to 60 days will remain safely bound to a massive giant planet or brown dwarf that orbits 1 AU from a Sun-like star. Atmosphere An atmosphere is considered by astrobiologists to be", "title": "Habitability of natural satellites" }, { "docid": "909019", "text": "A Sun-synchronous orbit (SSO), also called a heliosynchronous orbit, is a nearly polar orbit around a planet, in which the satellite passes over any given point of the planet's surface at the same local mean solar time. More technically, it is an orbit arranged so that it precesses through one complete revolution each year, so it always maintains the same relationship with the Sun. Applications A Sun-synchronous orbit is useful for imaging, reconnaissance, and weather satellites, because every time that the satellite is overhead, the surface illumination angle on the planet underneath it is nearly the same. This consistent lighting is a useful characteristic for satellites that image the Earth's surface in visible or infrared wavelengths, such as weather and spy satellites, and for other remote-sensing satellites, such as those carrying ocean and atmospheric remote-sensing instruments that require sunlight. For example, a satellite in Sun-synchronous orbit might ascend across the equator twelve times a day, each time at approximately 15:00 mean local time. Special cases of the Sun-synchronous orbit are the noon/midnight orbit, where the local mean solar time of passage for equatorial latitudes is around noon or midnight, and the dawn/dusk orbit, where the local mean solar time of passage for equatorial latitudes is around sunrise or sunset, so that the satellite rides the terminator between day and night. Riding the terminator is useful for active radar satellites, as the satellites' solar panels can always see the Sun, without being shadowed by the Earth. It is also useful for some satellites with passive instruments that need to limit the Sun's influence on the measurements, as it is possible to always point the instruments towards the night side of the Earth. The dawn/dusk orbit has been used for solar-observing scientific satellites such as TRACE, Hinode and PROBA-2, affording them a nearly continuous view of the Sun. Orbital precession A Sun-synchronous orbit is achieved by having the osculating orbital plane precess (rotate) approximately one degree eastward each day with respect to the celestial sphere to keep pace with the Earth's movement around the Sun. This precession is achieved by tuning the inclination to the altitude of the orbit (see Technical details) such that Earth's equatorial bulge, which perturbs inclined orbits, causes the orbital plane of the spacecraft to precess with the desired rate. The plane of the orbit is not fixed in space relative to the distant stars, but rotates slowly about the Earth's axis. Typical Sun-synchronous orbits around Earth are about in altitude, with periods in the 96–100-minute range, and inclinations of around 98°. This is slightly retrograde compared to the direction of Earth's rotation: 0° represents an equatorial orbit, and 90° represents a polar orbit. Sun-synchronous orbits are possible around other oblate planets, such as Mars. A satellite orbiting a planet such as Venus that is almost spherical will need an outside push to maintain a Sun-synchronous orbit. Technical details The angular precession per orbit for an Earth orbiting satellite is approximately given by where is the coefficient for", "title": "Sun-synchronous orbit" }, { "docid": "66781", "text": "Oberon , also designated , is the outermost and second-largest major moon of the planet Uranus. It is the second-most massive of the Uranian moons, and the tenth-most massive moon in the Solar System. Discovered by William Herschel in 1787, Oberon is named after the mythical king of the fairies who appears as a character in Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream. Its orbit lies partially outside Uranus's magnetosphere. Oberon likely formed from the accretion disk that surrounded Uranus just after the planet's formation. The moon consists of approximately equal amounts of ice and rock, and is probably differentiated into a rocky core and an icy mantle. A layer of liquid water may be present at the boundary between the mantle and the core. The surface of Oberon, which is dark and slightly red in color, appears to have been primarily shaped by asteroid and comet impacts. It is covered by numerous impact craters reaching 210 km in diameter. Oberon possesses a system of chasmata (graben or scarps) formed during crustal extension as a result of the expansion of its interior during its early evolution. The Uranian system has been studied up close only once: the spacecraft Voyager 2 took several images of Oberon in January 1986, allowing 40% of the moon's surface to be mapped. Discovery and naming Oberon was discovered by William Herschel on January 11, 1787; on the same day he discovered Uranus's largest moon, Titania. He later reported the discoveries of four more satellites, although they were subsequently revealed as spurious. For nearly fifty years following their discovery, Titania and Oberon would not be observed by any instrument other than William Herschel's, although the moon can be seen from Earth with a present-day high-end amateur telescope. All of the moons of Uranus are named after characters created by William Shakespeare or Alexander Pope. The name Oberon was derived from Oberon, the King of the Fairies in A Midsummer Night's Dream. The names of all four satellites of Uranus then known were suggested by Herschel's son John in 1852, at the request of William Lassell, who had discovered the other two moons, Ariel and Umbriel, the year before. It is uncertain if Herschel devised the names, or if Lassell did so and then sought Herschel's permission. The adjectival form of the name is Oberonian, . Oberon was initially referred to as \"the second satellite of Uranus\", and in 1848 was given the designation by William Lassell, although he sometimes used William Herschel's numbering (where Titania and Oberon are II and IV). In 1851 Lassell eventually numbered all four known satellites in order of their distance from the planet by Roman numerals, and since then Oberon has been designated . Orbit Oberon orbits Uranus at a distance of about 584,000 km, being the farthest from the planet among its five major moons. Oberon's orbit has a small orbital eccentricity and inclination relative to the equator of Uranus. Its orbital period is around 13.5 days, coincident with its rotational period.", "title": "Oberon (moon)" }, { "docid": "760625", "text": "Neso , also known as Neptune XIII, is the second-outermost known natural satellite of Neptune, after S/2021 N 1. It is a retrograde irregular moon discovered by Matthew J. Holman, Brett J. Gladman, et al. on 14 August 2002, though it went unnoticed until 2003. Neso is the second-most distant moon of Neptune, with an average orbital distance of over 49 million km. At its farthest point of its orbit, the satellite is more than 72 million km from Neptune. This distance exceeds Mercury's aphelion, which is approximately 70 million km from the Sun. Neso is also the moon with the second-longest orbital period, 26.67 years. It follows a retrograde, highly inclined, and highly eccentric orbit illustrated on the diagram in relation to other irregular satellites of Neptune. The satellites above the horizontal axis are prograde, the satellites beneath it are retrograde. The yellow segments extend from the pericentre to the apocentre, showing the eccentricity. Neso is affected by the Kozai mechanism. Neso is about in diameter based on an assumed albedo of 0.04. Given the similarity of the orbit's parameters with Psamathe (S/2003 N 1), it was suggested that both irregular satellites could have a common origin in the break-up of a larger moon. Neso is named after one of the Nereids. Before it was officially named on 3 February 2007 (IAUC 8802), Neso was known by its provisional designation, S/2002 N 4. See also List of natural satellites References MPC: Natural Satellites Ephemeris Service Mean orbital parameters from JPL External links Matthew Holman's Neptune's page David Jewitt's pages Scott Sheppard's pages Neso in Fiction Neso group Moons of Neptune Irregular satellites Discoveries by Tommy Grav Discoveries by Brett J. Gladman 20020814 Moons with a retrograde orbit Kozai mechanism", "title": "Neso (moon)" }, { "docid": "32101", "text": "Umbriel () is the third-largest moon of Uranus. It was discovered on October 24, 1851, by William Lassell. It was discovered at the same time as Ariel and named after a character in Alexander Pope's 1712 poem The Rape of the Lock. Umbriel consists mainly of ice with a substantial fraction of rock, and may be differentiated into a rocky core and an icy mantle. The surface is the darkest among Uranian moons, and appears to have been shaped primarily by impacts. However, the presence of canyons suggests early endogenic processes, and the moon may have undergone an early endogenically driven resurfacing event that obliterated its older surface. Covered by numerous impact craters reaching in diameter, Umbriel is the second-most heavily cratered satellite of Uranus after Oberon. The most prominent surface feature is a ring of bright material on the floor of Wunda crater. This moon, like all moons of Uranus, probably formed from an accretion disk that surrounded the planet just after its formation. The Uranian system has been studied up close only once, by the spacecraft Voyager 2 in January 1986. It took several images of Umbriel, which allowed mapping of about 40% of the moon's surface. Discovery and name Umbriel, along with another Uranian satellite, Ariel, was discovered by William Lassell on October 24, 1851. Although William Herschel, the discoverer of Titania and Oberon, claimed at the end of the 18th century that he had observed four additional moons of Uranus, his observations were not confirmed and those four objects are now thought to be spurious. All of Uranus's moons are named after characters created by William Shakespeare or Alexander Pope. The names of all four satellites of Uranus then known were suggested by John Herschel in 1852 at the request of Lassell, though it is uncertain if Herschel devised the names, or if Lassell did so and then sought Herschel's permission. Umbriel is the \"dusky melancholy sprite\" in Alexander Pope's The Rape of the Lock, and the name suggests the Latin umbra, meaning shadow. The moon is also designated Uranus II. Orbit Umbriel orbits Uranus at the distance of about , being the third farthest from the planet among its five major moons. Umbriel's orbit has a small eccentricity and is inclined very little relative to the equator of Uranus. Its orbital period is around 4.1 Earth days, coincident with its rotational period. In other words, Umbriel is a synchronous or tidally locked satellite, with one face always pointing toward its parent planet. Umbriel's orbit lies completely inside the Uranian magnetosphere. This is important, because the trailing hemispheres of airless satellites orbiting inside a magnetosphere (like Umbriel) are struck by magnetospheric plasma, which co-rotates with the planet. This bombardment may lead to the darkening of the trailing hemispheres, which is actually observed for all Uranian moons except Oberon (see below). Umbriel also serves as a sink of the magnetospheric charged particles, which creates a pronounced dip in energetic particle count near the moon's orbit as observed", "title": "Umbriel (moon)" }, { "docid": "16466075", "text": "3793 Leonteus is a large Jupiter trojan from the Greek camp, approximately in diameter. It was discovered on 11 October 1985, by American astronomer couple Carolyn and Eugene Shoemaker at the Palomar Observatory in California, United States. The D-type Jovian asteroid belongs to the 30 largest Jupiter trojans and has a rotation period of 5.6 hours. It was named after the hero Leonteus from Greek mythology. Orbit and classification Leonteus is a dark Jovian asteroid orbiting in the leading Greek camp at Jupiter's Lagrangian point, 60° ahead of its orbit in a 1:1 resonance (see Trojans in astronomy). It is also a non-family asteroid in the Jovian background population. It orbits the Sun at a distance of 4.8–5.7 AU once every 11 years and 11 months (4,350 days; semi-major axis of 5.22 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.09 and an inclination of 21° with respect to the ecliptic. The asteroid was first observed as at the McDonald Observatory in November 1951. The body's observation arc begins with its observation as at Goethe Link Observatory in October 1961, or 24 years prior to its official discovery observation at Palomar. Physical characteristics In both the Tholen- and SMASS-like taxonomy of the Small Solar System Objects Spectroscopic Survey (S3OS2), Leonteus is a D-type asteroid. It is also a D-type in the SDSS-based taxonomy, while the Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link (CALL) assumes it to be of carbonaceous composition. Rotation period Since 1994, several rotational lightcurves have been obtained from photometric observations by Stefano Mottola and Anders Erikson using the Dutch 0.9-metre and Bochum 0.61-metre telescopes at La Silla Observatory in Chile, as well as by American photometrist Robert Stephens at the Center for Solar System Studies in California. Analysis of Mottola's best-rated lightcurve from June 1994 gave a rotation period of hours with a brightness variation of magnitude (). Diameter and albedo According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Leonteus measures between 86.26 and 112.05 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.042 and 0.072. CALL derives an albedo of 0.0784 and a diameter of 86.38 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 8.7. Naming This minor planet was named from Greek mythology after Leonteus, a hero of the Trojan War, who attempted to win a competition among the Greek warriors to see who could throw an iron meteorite the farthest. However, he lost the game to his associate, Polypoites, after whom the minor planet 3709 Polypoites is named. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 27 August 1988 (). Notes References External links Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info ) Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Google books Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000) – Minor Planet Center 003793 Discoveries by Carolyn S. Shoemaker Discoveries by Eugene Merle Shoemaker Named minor planets 19851011", "title": "3793 Leonteus" }, { "docid": "28582791", "text": "Kepler-9b is one of the first planets discovered outside the solar system (exoplanets) by NASA's Kepler Mission. It revolves around the star Kepler-9 within the constellation Lyra. Kepler-9b is the largest of three planets detected in the Kepler system by transit method; its mass is roughly half that of the planet Saturn, and it is the largest planet in its system. Kepler-9b and Kepler-9c display a phenomenon called orbital resonance, in which gravitational pull from each planet alters and stabilizes the orbit of the other. The planet's discovery was announced on August 26, 2010. Nomenclature and history Kepler-9b's name denotes that it is the first exoplanet discovered in orbit around the star Kepler-9. The star, in turn, was named for the Kepler Mission, a NASA project designed to search for Earth-like planets. Kepler-9's planets were among 700 planetary candidates collected during Kepler's first 43 days online. The system in particular was flagged as one of five systems that appeared to have held over one transiting exoplanet. Kepler-9b's discovery was announced on August 26, 2010. It was the part of the first confirmed star system in which multiple planets transited the same star. The planet was confirmed by the Kepler satellite by the transit method, in which the planet passes across the face of its star in relation to Earth, dimming that star's light by a small amount; this light difference is then used to determine the planet and several of its characteristics, including size and distance from its home star. Initial estimates for Kepler-9b's mass were refined by the W. M. Keck Observatory at Mauna Kea, Hawaii. In doing so, scientists found that Kepler-9b is the larger of the two gas planets discovered in the Kepler-9 system, although in mass it is smaller than planet Saturn. Characteristics Kepler-9b is a gas planet that has a mass approximately 43 times that of the Earth; thus, it is about one-half the mass of the planet Saturn. It has a radius of approximately , or about 80% the radius of Jupiter. The planet orbits Kepler-9 every 19.243 days, and it lies some 0.14 AU from the star. To compare, planet Mercury's average distance from the Sun is .387 AU and takes 87.969 days to complete an orbit. Kepler-9b is the second-closest planet to its star in the Kepler-9 system. The first known case of orbital resonance in transiting exoplanets has been noted between Kepler-9b and Kepler-9c. The two planets, whose orbits correspond in a roughly 1:2 ratio, maintain the orbit of the other by gravitational tug. Kepler-9b's orbit grows, on average, four minutes longer every orbital period. Eventually, this trend will reverse and increase. Over time, it can be seen that the planets' orbits oscillate slightly above and below the 1:2 ratio. Alycia Weinberger of the Carnegie Institution has stated that the Kepler-9 gas giants probably formed further away from the star than they are, and the appearance of the orbital resonance phenomenon may help explain the history of their inward migration. Other", "title": "Kepler-9b" }, { "docid": "10616414", "text": "A moonlet, minor moon, minor natural satellite, or minor satellite is a particularly small natural satellite orbiting a planet, dwarf planet, or other minor planet. Up until 1995, moonlets were only hypothetical components of Saturn's F-ring structure, but in that year, the Earth passed through Saturn's ring plane. The Hubble Space Telescope and the European Southern Observatory both captured objects orbiting close or near the F-ring. In 2004, Cassini caught an object 4–5 kilometers in diameter on the outer ring of the F-ring and then 5 hours later on the inner F-ring, showing that the object had orbited. Several different types of small moons have been called moonlets: A belt of objects embedded in a planetary ring, especially around Saturn, such as those in the A Ring, S/2009 S 1 in the B Ring (\"propeller\" moonlets), and those in the F Ring Occasionally asteroid moons, such as those of 87 Sylvia Flashes seen near Jupiter's moon Amalthea that is likely debris ejected from its surface Subsatellites See also Minor-planet moon Natural satellite Ring system References Further reading Google Book Search for \"moonlet\" Links List of moonlets Asteroid satellites Moons of Saturn Moons", "title": "Moonlet" }, { "docid": "57326415", "text": "This article is a list of notable unsolved problems in astronomy. Problems may be theoretical or experimental. Theoretical problems result from current theories' inability of explaining observed phenomena or experimental results. Experimental problems result from inability to test or investigate a proposed theory. Other problems involve unique events or occurrences that have not repeated themselves with unclear causes. Planetary astronomy Our solar system Orbiting bodies and rotation: Are there any non-dwarf planets beyond Neptune? Why do extreme trans-Neptunian objects have elongated orbits? The rotation rate of Saturn: Why does the magnetosphere of Saturn rotate at a rate close to that at which the planet's clouds rotate? What is the rotation rate of Saturn's deep interior? Satellite geomorphology: What is the origin of the chain of high mountains that closely follows the equator of Saturn's moon, Iapetus? Are the mountains the remnant of hot and fast-rotating young Iapetus? Are the mountains the result of material (either from the rings of Saturn or its ring) that over time collected upon the surface? Extra-solar How common are Solar System-like planetary systems? Some observed planetary systems contain Super-Earths and Hot Jupiters that orbit very close to their stars. Systems with Jupiter-like planets in Jupiter-like orbits appear to be rare. There are several possibilities as to why Jupiter-like orbits are rare, including that data is lacking or the grand tack hypothesis. Stellar astronomy and astrophysics Solar cycle: How does the Sun generate its periodically reversing large-scale magnetic field? How do other Sol-like stars generate their magnetic fields, and what are the similarities and differences between stellar activity cycles and that of the Sun? What caused the Maunder Minimum and other grand minima, and how does the solar cycle recover from a minimum state? Coronal heating problem: Why is the Sun's corona so much hotter than the Sun's surface? Why is the magnetic reconnection effect many orders of magnitude faster than predicted by standard models? Space weather prediction: How does the Sun produce strong southward-pointing magnetic fields in solar coronal mass ejections that lead to geomagnetic storms? How can we predict solar and geomagnetic super-storms? What is the origin of the stellar mass spectrum? That is, why do astronomers observe the same distribution of stellar masses—the initial mass function—apparently regardless of the initial conditions? Supernova: What is the mechanism by which an implosion of a dying star becomes an explosion? p-nuclei: What astrophysical process is responsible for the nucleogenesis of these rare isotopes? Fast radio bursts (FRBs): What causes these transient radio pulses from distant galaxies, lasting a few milliseconds each? Why do some FRBs repeat at unpredictable intervals but many others do not? Several models have been proposed but no one theory has become widely accepted. The Oh-My-God particle and other ultra-high-energy cosmic rays: What physical processes create cosmic rays whose energy exceeds the GZK cutoff? Nature of KIC 8462852, commonly known as Tabby's Star: What is the origin of the unusual luminosity changes of this star? Galactic astronomy and astrophysics Galaxy rotation problem: Is", "title": "List of unsolved problems in astronomy" }, { "docid": "16633182", "text": "1656 Suomi (prov. designation: ) is a binary Hungaria asteroid and sizable Mars-crosser from the innermost regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 11 March 1942, by Finnish astronomer Yrjö Väisälä at Turku Observatory in Southwest Finland, who named it \"Suomi\", the native name of Finland. The stony asteroid has a short rotation period of 2.6 hours and measures approximately 7.9 kilometers in diameter. In June 2020, a companion was discovered by Brian Warner, Robert Stephens and Alan Harris. The satellite measures more than 1.98 kilometers in diameter, about 26% of the primary, which it orbits once every 57.9 hours at an average distance of 30 kilometers. Orbit and classification Suomi is a member of the Hungaria family, which form the innermost dense concentration of asteroids in the Solar System. It orbits the Sun at a distance of 1.6–2.1 AU once every 2 years and 7 months (940 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.12 and an inclination of 25° with respect to the ecliptic. It is also classified as a Mars-crossing asteroid, since its perihelion – the point in its orbit, where it is nearest to the Sun – is less than the average orbital distance of the planet Mars (1.666 AU). Suomis observation arc begins on the preceding night of its discovery, with an observation taken at Johannesburg Observatory on 10 March 1942. Naming As with 1453 Fennia, this minor planet was named after Finland (). The official was published by the Minor Planet Center on 20 February 1976 (). Physical characteristics In the Tholen taxonomy, Suomi is a stony S-type asteroid. Diameter and albedo According to the survey carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, Suomi measures 7.86 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.156, making it one of the largest Mars crossing asteroid with a known diameter. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link (CALL) agrees with IRAS, and adopts an albedo of 0.157 and a diameter of 7.9 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 13.146. Rotation period Since 1991, a large number of rotational lightcurves of Suomi have been obtained from photometric observations (also see infobox). CALL adopts a rotation period of 2.583 hours with a brightness variation of 0.20 magnitude (). References External links Turun Ursa, (in Finnish) Photometric Observations of 125 Asteroids, Wisniewski, Icarus, Volume 126, Issue 2, pp. 395–449. Lightcurve plot of 1656 Suomi, Palmer Divide Observatory, B. D. Warner (2009) Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info ) Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Google books Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000) – Minor Planet Center 001656 001656 Discoveries by Yrjö Väisälä Named minor planets 001656 001656 19420311", "title": "1656 Suomi" }, { "docid": "26903467", "text": "A planetary-mass object (PMO), planemo, or planetary body is, by geophysical definition of celestial objects, any celestial object massive enough to achieve hydrostatic equilibrium, but not enough to sustain core fusion like a star. The purpose of this term is to classify together a broader range of celestial objects than 'planet', since many objects similar in geophysical terms do not conform to conventional expectations for a planet. Planetary-mass objects can be quite diverse in origin and location. They include planets, dwarf planets, planetary-mass satellites and free-floating planets, which may have been ejected from a system (rogue planets) or formed through cloud-collapse rather than accretion (sub-brown dwarfs). Usage in astronomy While the term technically includes exoplanets and other objects, it is often used for objects with an uncertain nature or objects that do not fit in one specific class. Cases in which the term is often used: isolated planetary-mass objects (iPMO; IPMO) are objects that are free-floating and have a low mass below deuterium burning and their nature as either an ejected free-floating planets or sub-brown dwarfs is not fully resolved (e.g. 2MASS J13243553+6358281, PSO J060.3200+25.9644 objects in NGC 1333) Objects with a mass range at the border of deuterium burning (VHS 1256-1257 b, BD+60 1417b) Objects that orbit a star or brown dwarf, but its formation as exoplanets is challenging or impossible (VHS 1256-1257 b, CFHTWIR-Oph 98B) Types Planetary-mass satellite The three largest satellites Ganymede, Titan, and Callisto are of similar size or larger than the planet Mercury; these and four more – Io, the Moon, Europa, and Triton – are larger and more massive than the largest and most massive dwarf planets, Pluto and Eris. Another dozen smaller satellites are large enough to have become round at some point in their history through their own gravity, tidal heating from their parent planets, or both. In particular, Titan has a thick atmosphere and stable bodies of liquid on its surface, like Earth (though for Titan the liquid is methane rather than water). Proponents of the geophysical definition of planets argue that location should not matter and that only geophysical attributes should be taken into account in the definition of a planet. The term satellite planet is sometimes used for planet-sized satellites. Dwarf planets A dwarf planet is a planetary-mass object that is neither a true planet nor a natural satellite; it is in direct orbit of a star, and is massive enough for its gravity to compress it into a hydrostatically equilibrious shape (usually a spheroid), but has not cleared the neighborhood of other material around its orbit. Planetary scientist and New Horizons principal investigator Alan Stern, who proposed the term 'dwarf planet', has argued that location should not matter and that only geophysical attributes should be taken into account, and that dwarf planets are thus a subtype of planet. The International Astronomical Union (IAU) accepted the term (rather than the more neutral 'planetoid') but decided to classify dwarf planets as a separate category of object. Planets and exoplanets Former", "title": "Planetary-mass object" }, { "docid": "20254", "text": "Miranda, also designated Uranus V, is the smallest and innermost of Uranus's five round satellites. It was discovered by Gerard Kuiper on 16 February 1948 at McDonald Observatory in Texas, and named after Miranda from William Shakespeare's play The Tempest. Like the other large moons of Uranus, Miranda orbits close to its planet's equatorial plane. Because Uranus orbits the Sun on its side, Miranda's orbit is nearly perpendicular to the ecliptic and shares Uranus's extreme seasonal cycle. At just 470 km in diameter, Miranda is one of the smallest closely observed objects in the Solar System that might be in hydrostatic equilibrium (spherical under its own gravity), and happens to have a surface area roughly similar to Texas. The only close-up images of Miranda are from the Voyager 2 probe, which made observations of Miranda during its Uranus flyby in January 1986. During the flyby, Miranda's southern hemisphere pointed towards the Sun, so only that part was studied. Miranda probably formed from an accretion disc that surrounded the planet shortly after its formation and, like other large moons, it is likely differentiated, with an inner core of rock surrounded by a mantle of ice. Miranda has one of the most extreme and varied topographies of any object in the Solar System, including Verona Rupes, a roughly 20-kilometer-high scarp that may be the highest cliff in the Solar System, and chevron-shaped tectonic features called coronae. The origin and evolution of this varied geology, the most of any Uranian satellite, are still not fully understood, and multiple hypotheses exist regarding Miranda's evolution. Discovery and name Miranda was discovered on 16 February 1948 by planetary astronomer Gerard Kuiper using the McDonald Observatory's Otto Struve Telescope. Its motion around Uranus was confirmed on 1 March 1948. It was the first satellite of Uranus discovered in nearly 100 years. Kuiper elected to name the object \"Miranda\" after the character in Shakespeare's The Tempest, because the four previously discovered moons of Uranus, Ariel, Umbriel, Titania, and Oberon, had all been named after characters of Shakespeare or Alexander Pope. However, the previous moons had been named specifically after fairies, whereas Miranda was a human. Subsequently discovered satellites of Uranus were named after characters from Shakespeare and Pope, whether fairies or not. The moon is also designated Uranus V. Orbit Of Uranus's five round satellites, Miranda orbits closest to it, at roughly 129 000 km from the surface; about a quarter again as far as its most distant ring. It is the rounded moon that has the smallest orbit around a major planet. Its orbital period is 34 hours and, like that of the Moon, is synchronous with its rotation period, which means it always shows the same face to Uranus, a condition known as tidal locking. Miranda's orbital inclination (4.34°) is unusually high for a body so close to its planet – roughly ten times that of the other major Uranian satellites, and 73 times that of Oberon. The reason for this is still uncertain; there are", "title": "Miranda (moon)" }, { "docid": "31430753", "text": "Alien Legacy is a sci-fi strategy game developed by Ybarra Productions and published by Sierra On-Line in 1994 for MS-DOS. Gameplay The game includes elements of city construction, research, resource management, industrial production and combat. Players must colonize a star system light-years from Earth by building planetary cities and Space Stations. Several advisors guide the player through the plot and a PDA reminds the player of important tasks as objectives, revealed as the scenario progresses. Given sufficient player immersion, the game atmosphere may add to the experience of ensuring the survival of mankind. The game progresses in real-time but the game speed can be adjusted. Some tasks must be done before a set time limit or else the game will end prematurely. For example, at the beginning of the game, if the player fails to form a self-sufficient colony on Gaea, (a colony with at least one habitat, power plant and factory) the science advisor (also the mission's executive officer) will kill the player for incompetence and take over the command. Plot The game takes place after the arrival of the UNS Calypso in the Beta Caeli star system. You take the role as captain of the Calypso. The Calypso has been sent from Earth to colonize the system. The UNS Tantalus was sent to the same star system after you, but because it makes use of a better engine, arrives in Beta Caeli before you do. The Calypso, Tantalus, and similar ships were sent to colonize other star systems due to the threat of humanity's extinction on Earth as a result of an interstellar war. The story involves the Calypso'''s attempts to find out what happened to the Tantalus and its colonies which have gone missing, as well as other mysteries involving relics of previous non-human inhabitants of the system. Planetary systems The Beta Caeli system is similar to our real-life Solar System, with a barren, rocky inner planet, terrestrial planets in the habitable zone of the inner system, followed by gas giants in the outer system that first increase and then decrease in size, and a tiny rock outermost. Beta Caeli (F0-type Star; Blue-White in color) Alpha Asteroid Belt; analogous to the nonexistent Vulcanoids Hermes (Rocky Planet); analogous to Mercury Rhea (Earth-like Planet) Similar to Venus in position, but has a large Moon and is slightly larger than Earth. The presence of the large natural satellite and a quick rotation rate supposedly prevented the runaway greenhouse effect, making it Earth-like. Prometheus (Natural Satellite of Rhea), analogous to Earth's Moon Gaea (Earth-like Planet); the Calypso starts the game orbiting Gaea. It has no moon. Ares (Desert Planet); analogous to Mars but poor in iron Beta Asteroid Belt; analogous to the Solar System's main asteroid belt Zeus (Gas Giant); analogous to Jupiter Hera (Natural Satellite of Zeus); analogous to Io but larger and less volcanically active Hebe (Natural Satellite of Zeus); analogous to Ganymede Cronus (Gas Giant); analogous to Saturn but has no rings or moons. Poseidon (Gas Giant); analogous", "title": "Alien Legacy" }, { "docid": "760371", "text": "Carpo , also , is a small outer natural satellite of Jupiter. It was discovered by a team of astronomers from the University of Hawaii led by Scott S. Sheppard in 2003, and was provisionally designated as until it received its name in early 2005. It was named in March 2005 after Carpo, one of the Horae, and a daughter of Zeus (Jupiter). Carpo has a diameter of about for an absolute magnitude of 16.2. Like all irregular moons of Jupiter, Carpo's orbit is highly variable over time due to gravitational perturbations by the Sun and other planets. On average, Carpo's orbit has a semi-major axis of , a high eccentricity of 0.42, and a very high inclination of 54° with respect to the ecliptic. Carpo was long thought to be an outlier prograde satellite not part of any group, until S/2018 J 4 was found. The orbital inclination of satellites such as Carpo is limited by the Kozai effect, which induces a periodic exchange between the inclination and eccentricity of the orbit. If the inclination is large enough, the eccentricity can in turn grow so large that the periapsis of the satellite (called the perijove in the case of moons of Jupiter) would be in the immediate vicinity of the Galilean moons (Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto). The satellite would eventually collide with one of these, or a close encounter would eject it altogether from the Jovian system. Due to the Kozai effect, Carpo's argument of periapsis never precesses and instead librates about 90° with respect to the ecliptic, which keeps Carpo's perijove always above Jupiter and its apojove below (see orbit animation below). References External links Jupiter's Known Satellites (by Scott S. Sheppard) Carpo group Moons of Jupiter Irregular satellites Discoveries by Scott S. Sheppard Astronomical objects discovered in 2003 Moons with a prograde orbit Kozai mechanism", "title": "Carpo (moon)" }, { "docid": "143681", "text": "In astronomy, a planet's elongation is the angular separation between the Sun and the planet, with Earth as the reference point. The greatest elongation of a given inferior planet occurs when this planet's position, in its orbital path around the Sun, is at tangent to the observer on Earth. Since an inferior planet is well within the area of Earth's orbit around the Sun, observation of its elongation should not pose that much a challenge (compared to deep-sky objects, for example). When a planet is at its greatest elongation, it appears farthest from the Sun as viewed from Earth, so its apparition is also best at that point. When an inferior planet is visible after sunset, it is near its greatest eastern elongation. When an inferior planet is visible before sunrise, it is near its greatest western elongation. The angle of the maximum elongation (east or west) for Mercury is between 18° and 28°, while that for Venus is between 45° and 47°. These values vary because the planetary orbits are elliptical rather than perfectly circular. Another factor contributing to this inconsistency is orbital inclination, in which each planet's orbital plane is slightly tilted relative to a reference plane, like the ecliptic and invariable planes. Astronomical tables and websites, such as Heavens-Above, forecast when and where the planets reach their next maximum elongations. Elongation period Greatest elongations of a planet happen periodically, with a greatest eastern elongation followed by a greatest western elongation, and vice versa. The period depends on the relative angular velocity of Earth and the planet, as seen from the Sun. The time it takes to complete this period is the synodic period of the planet. Let T be the period (for example the time between two greatest eastern elongations), ω be the relative angular velocity, ωe Earth's angular velocity and ωp the planet's angular velocity. Then where Te and Tp are Earth's and the planet's years (i.e. periods of revolution around the Sun, called sidereal periods). For example, Venus's year (sidereal period) is 225 days, and Earth's is 365 days. Thus Venus's synodic period, which gives the time between every two eastern greatest elongations, is 584 days; this also applies to the western counterparts. These values are approximate, because (as mentioned above) the planets do not have perfectly circular, coplanar orbits. When a planet is closer to the Sun it moves faster than when it is further away, so exact determination of the date and time of greatest elongation requires a much more complicated analysis of orbital mechanics. Of superior planets Superior planets, dwarf planets and asteroids undergo a different cycle. After conjunction, such an object's elongation continues to increase until it approaches a maximum value larger than 90° (impossible with inferior planets) which is known as opposition and can also be examined as a heliocentric conjunction with Earth. This is archetypally very near 180°. As seen by an observer on the superior planet at opposition, the Earth appears at conjunction with the Sun. Technically, the", "title": "Elongation (astronomy)" }, { "docid": "1795428", "text": ", also known as the Venus Climate Orbiter (VCO) and Planet-C, is a Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) space probe tasked with studying the atmosphere of Venus. It was launched aboard an H-IIA 202 rocket on 20 May 2010, but failed to enter orbit around Venus on 6 December 2010. After the craft orbited the Sun for five years, engineers successfully placed it into an alternative Venusian elliptic orbit on 7 December 2015 by firing its attitude control thrusters for 20 minutes and made it the first Japanese satellite orbiting Venus. By using five different cameras working at several wavelengths, Akatsuki is studying the stratification of the atmosphere, atmospheric dynamics, and cloud physics. Astronomers working on the mission reported detecting a possible gravity wave (not to be confused with gravitational waves) in Venus' atmosphere in December 2015. Mission Akatsuki is Japan's first planetary exploration mission since the failed Mars orbiter Nozomi probe which was launched in 1998. Akatsuki was originally intended to conduct scientific research for two or more years from an elliptical orbit around Venus ranging from in altitude, but its alternate orbit had to be highly elliptical ranging between at its nearest point and about at its farthest. This larger orbit takes 10 days to complete instead of the originally planned 30 hours. The budget for this mission is ¥14.6 billion () for the satellite and ¥9.8 billion (US$116 million) for the launch. Observations include cloud and surface imaging from an orbit around the planet with cameras operating in the infrared, visible and UV wavelengths to investigate the complex Venusian meteorology and elucidate the processes behind the mysterious atmospheric super-rotation. On Venus, while the planet rotates at at the equator, the atmosphere spins around the planet at . Other experiments are designed to confirm the presence of lightning and to determine whether volcanism occurs currently on Venus. Spacecraft design The main bus is a box with two solar arrays, each with an area of about . The solar arrays provide over 700 W of power while in Venus orbit. The total mass of the spacecraft at launch was . The mass of the science payload is . Propulsion is provided by a bi-propellant, hydrazine-dinitrogen tetroxide orbital maneuvering engine and twelve mono-propellant hydrazine reaction control thrusters, eight with of thrust and four with . It is the first spacecraft to use a ceramic (silicon nitride) retrofire thruster. The total propellant mass at launch was . Communication is via an 8 GHz, 20-watt X-band transponder using the high-gain antenna. The high-gain antenna is flat to prevent heat from building up in it. Akatsuki also has a pair of medium-gain horn antennas mounted on turntables and two low-gain antennas for command uplink. The medium-gain horn antennas are used for housekeeping data downlink when the high-gain antenna is not facing Earth. Instruments The scientific payload consists of six instruments. The five imaging cameras are exploring Venus in wavelengths from ultraviolet to the mid-infrared: the Lightning and Airglow Camera (LAC) is looking for", "title": "Akatsuki (spacecraft)" }, { "docid": "51353750", "text": "The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Neptune: Neptune – eighth and farthest known planet from the Sun in the Solar System. In the Solar System, it is the fourth-largest planet by diameter, the third-most-massive planet, and the densest giant planet. Neptune is 17 times the mass of Earth and is slightly more massive than its near-twin Uranus, which is 15 times the mass of Earth and slightly larger than Neptune. Neptune orbits the Sun once every 164.8 years at an average distance of . It is named after the Roman god of the sea and has the astronomical symbol ♆, a stylised version of the god Neptune's trident. Classification of Neptune Astronomical object Gravitationally rounded object Planet Giant planet Ice giant Planet of the Solar System Outer planet Superior planet Location of Neptune Milky Way Galaxy – barred spiral galaxy Orion Arm – a spiral arm of the Milky Way Solar System – the Sun and the objects that orbit it, including 8 planets, the eighth and furthest planet from the Sun being Neptune Orbit of Neptune Movement of Neptune Orbit of Neptune Rotation of Neptune Features of Neptune Atmosphere of Neptune Rings of Neptune Natural satellites of Neptune Moons of Neptune Inner moons of Neptune Naiad Thalassa Despina Galatea Larissa Hippocamp Proteus Retrograde moons of Neptune Triton Atmosphere of Triton List of geological features on Triton Halimede Psamathe Neso S/2021 N 1 Prograde moons of Neptune Nereid Sao Laomedeia S/2002 N 5 History of Neptune History of Neptune Discovery of Neptune Exploration of Neptune Exploration of Neptune Flyby missions to explore Neptune Voyager 2 Future of Neptune exploration Proposed missions to explore Neptune Interstellar Express Neptune Orbiter ODINUS Trident See also Outline of astronomy Outline of the Solar System Outline of space exploration Notes References External links NASA's Neptune fact sheet Neptune from Bill Arnett's nineplanets.org Neptune Astronomy Cast episode No. 63, includes full transcript. Neptune Profile at NASA's Solar System Exploration site Planets – Neptune A children's guide to Neptune. Neptune by amateur (The Planetary Society) Neptune Neptune", "title": "Outline of Neptune" }, { "docid": "23994165", "text": "Retrograde motion in astronomy is, in general, orbital or rotational motion of an object in the direction opposite the rotation of its primary, that is, the central object (right figure). It may also describe other motions such as precession or nutation of an object's rotational axis. Prograde or direct motion is more normal motion in the same direction as the primary rotates. However, \"retrograde\" and \"prograde\" can also refer to an object other than the primary if so described. The direction of rotation is determined by an inertial frame of reference, such as distant fixed stars. In the Solar System, the orbits around the Sun of all planets and most other objects, except many comets, are prograde. They orbit around the Sun in the same direction as the sun rotates about its axis, which is counterclockwise when observed from above the Sun's north pole. Except for Venus and Uranus, planetary rotations around their axis are also prograde. Most natural satellites have prograde orbits around their planets. Prograde satellites of Uranus orbit in the direction Uranus rotates, which is retrograde to the Sun. Nearly all regular satellites are tidally locked and thus have prograde rotation. Retrograde satellites are generally small and distant from their planets, except Neptune's satellite Triton, which is large and close. All retrograde satellites are thought to have formed separately before being captured by their planets. Most low-inclination artificial satellites of Earth have been placed in a prograde orbit, because in this situation less propellant is required to reach the orbit. Formation of celestial systems When a galaxy or a planetary system forms, its material takes a shape similar to that of a disk. Most of the material orbits and rotates in one direction. This uniformity of motion is due to the collapse of a gas cloud. The nature of the collapse is explained by conservation of angular momentum. In 2010 the discovery of several hot Jupiters with backward orbits called into question the theories about the formation of planetary systems. This can be explained by noting that stars and their planets do not form in isolation but in star clusters that contain molecular clouds. When a protoplanetary disk collides with or steals material from a cloud this can result in retrograde motion of a disk and the resulting planets. Orbital and rotational parameters Orbital inclination A celestial object's inclination indicates whether the object's orbit is prograde or retrograde. The inclination of a celestial object is the angle between its orbital plane and another reference frame such as the equatorial plane of the object's primary. In the Solar System, inclination of the planets is measured from the ecliptic plane, which is the plane of Earth's orbit around the Sun. The inclination of moons is measured from the equator of the planet they orbit. An object with an inclination between 0 and 90 degrees is orbiting or revolving in the same direction as the primary is rotating. An object with an inclination of exactly 90 degrees has a perpendicular", "title": "Retrograde and prograde motion" }, { "docid": "9622293", "text": "This is a list of types of gravitational orbit classified by various characteristics. Common abbreviations List of abbreviations of common Earth orbits List of abbreviations of other orbits Classifications The following is a list of types of orbits: Centric classifications Galactocentric orbit: An orbit about the center of a galaxy. The Sun follows this type of orbit about the Galactic Center of the Milky Way. Heliocentric orbit: An orbit around the Sun. In the Solar System, all planets, comets, and asteroids are in such orbits, as are many artificial satellites and pieces of space debris. Moons by contrast are not in a heliocentric orbit but rather orbit their parent object. Geocentric orbit: An orbit around the planet Earth, such as that of the Moon or of artificial satellites. Selenocentric orbit (named after Selene): An orbit around Earth's Moon. Areocentric orbit (named after Ares): An orbit around the planet Mars, such as that of its moons or artificial satellites. For orbits centered about planets other than Earth and Mars and for the dwarf planet Pluto, the orbit names incorporating Greek terminology is less commonly used Mercury orbit (Hermeocentric orbit, named after Hermes): An orbit around the planet Mercury. Venus orbit (Cytherocentric orbit, named after Cythera): An orbit around the planet Venus. Jupiter orbit (Zenocentric orbit, named after Zeus, or Latin equivalent Jovicentric): An orbit around the planet Jupiter. Saturn orbit (Cronocentric orbit, named after Cronus, or Latin equivalent Saturnicentric): An orbit around the planet Saturn. Uranus orbit (Uranocentric orbit, named after Uranus): An orbit around the planet Uranus. Neptune orbit (Poseidocentric orbit, named after Poseidon): An orbit around the planet Neptune. Pluto orbit (Hadeocentric orbit, named after Hades): An orbit around the dwarf planet Pluto. Altitude classifications for geocentric orbits Transatmospheric orbit (TAO): geocentric orbits with an apogee above 100 km and perigee that intersects with the defined atmosphere. Very low Earth orbit (VLEO) is defined as altitudes between approximately 100 - 450 km above Earth’s surface. Low Earth orbit (LEO): geocentric orbits with altitudes below . Medium Earth orbit (MEO): geocentric orbits ranging in altitude from to just below geosynchronous orbit at . Also known as an intermediate circular orbit. These are used for Global Navigation Satellite System spacecraft, such as GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, BeiDou. GPS satellites orbit at an altitude of with an orbital period of almost 12 hours. Geosynchronous orbit (GSO) and geostationary orbit (GEO) are orbits around Earth matching Earth's sidereal rotation period. Although terms are often used interchangeably, technically a geosynchronous orbit matches the Earth's rotational period, but the definition does not require it to have zero orbital inclination to the equator, and thus is not stationary above a given point on the equator, but may oscillate north and south during the course of a day. Thus, a geostationary orbit is defined as a geosynchronous orbit at zero inclination. Geosynchronous (and geostationary) orbits have a semi-major axis of . This works out to an altitude of . Both complete one full orbit of Earth per sidereal", "title": "List of orbits" }, { "docid": "57923594", "text": "Pandia , also designated Jupiter LXV, is a small outer natural satellite of Jupiter discovered by Scott S. Sheppard on 11 May 2018, using the 4.0-meter Víctor M. Blanco Telescope at Cerro Tololo Observatory, Chile. It was announced alongside nine other Jovian moons on 17 July 2018 and it provisionally designated S/2017 J 4 by the Minor Planet Center, after observations were collected over a long enough time span to confirm the satellite's orbit. The satellite has been found in precovery observations as early as 2003. Pandia is part of the Himalia group, a tight cluster of prograde irregular moons of Jupiter that follow similar orbits to Himalia at semi-major axes between and inclinations between 26–31°. With an estimated diameter of for an absolute magnitude of 16.2, it is one of the smallest known members of the Himalia group. Discovery Pandia was discovered by Scott S. Sheppard and his team on 23 March 2017, but not announced until 17 July 2018 via a Minor Planet Electronic Circular from the Minor Planet Center. Name The moon was named in 2019 after Pandia (Πανδία Pandīa), the Greek goddess of the full moon, daughter of Zeus and Selene. Pandia was among the most popular suggestions in a naming contest held by the Carnegie Institute on Twitter, with the most significant submission coming from the astronomy club of the Lanivet School in Cornwall, United Kingdom that was submitted on their behalf by user \"@emmabray182\". They chose Pandia because their school's mascot is a panda and their local village used to supply bamboo for a panda at London Zoo. It belongs to the prograde Himalia group which are given names ending in a. Orbit On average, Pandia orbits Jupiter at a semi-major axis of about at an inclination of about 29.0° with respect to the ecliptic. Like all of Jupiter's irregular moons, Pandia orbits far enough away that it is highly subject to gravitational perturbations by the Sun and other planets, which makes its orbit highly variable over time. References Himalia group Moons of Jupiter Irregular satellites Discoveries by Scott S. Sheppard Astronomical objects discovered in 2017 Moons with a prograde orbit", "title": "Pandia (moon)" }, { "docid": "39150589", "text": "Kepler-62 is a K-type main sequence star cooler and smaller than the Sun, located roughly from Earth in the constellation Lyra. It resides within the field of vision of the Kepler spacecraft, the satellite that NASA's Kepler Mission used to detect planets that may be transiting their stars. On April 18, 2013, it was announced that the star has five planets, two of which, Kepler-62e and Kepler-62f are within the star's habitable zone. The outermost, Kepler-62f, is likely a rocky planet. Nomenclature and history Prior to Kepler observation, Kepler-62 had the 2MASS catalogue number 2MASS J18525105+4520595. In the Kepler Input Catalog it has the designation of KIC 9002278, and when it was found to have transiting planet candidates it was given the Kepler object of interest number of KOI-701. Planetary candidates were detected around the star by NASA's Kepler Mission, a mission tasked with discovering planets in transit around their stars. The transit method that Kepler uses involves detecting dips in brightness in stars. These dips in brightness can be interpreted as planets whose orbits pass in front of their stars from the perspective of Earth, although other phenomena can also be responsible which is why the term planetary candidate is used. Following the acceptance of the discovery paper, the Kepler team provided an additional moniker for the system of \"Kepler-62\". The discoverers referred to the star as Kepler-62, which is the normal procedure for naming the exoplanets discovered by the spacecraft. Hence, this is the name used by the public to refer to the star and its planets. Candidate planets that are associated with stars studied by the Kepler Mission are assigned the designations \".01\", \".02\", \".03\", \".04\", \".05\" etc. after the star's name, in the order of discovery. If planet candidates are detected simultaneously, then the ordering follows the order of orbital periods from shortest to longest. Following these rules, the first three candidate planets were detected simultaneously, with orbital periods of 18.16406, 5.714932, and 122.3874 days, respectively, in the 2011 data release, with another two candidate planets, with orbital periods of 267.29 and 12.4417 days, respectively, being detected in a 2012 data release by the Kepler spacecraft. The designations b, c, d, e, and f derive from the order of discovery. The designation of b is given to the first planet orbiting a given star, followed by the other lowercase letters of the alphabet. In the case of Kepler-62, all of the known planets in the system were announced at one time, so b is applied to the closest planet to the star and f to the farthest. The name Kepler-62 derives directly from the fact that the star is the catalogued 62nd star discovered by Kepler to have confirmed planets. Stellar characteristics Kepler-62 is a K-type main sequence star that is approximately 69% the mass of and 64% the radius of the Sun. It has a temperature of 4925 K and is 7 billion years old. In comparison, the Sun is about 4.6 billion years old", "title": "Kepler-62" }, { "docid": "74425", "text": "There is also a minor planet called 666 Desdemona. Desdemona is an inner satellite of Uranus. It was discovered from the images taken by Voyager 2 on 13 January 1986, and was given the temporary designation S/1986 U 6. Desdemona is named after the wife of Othello in William Shakespeare's play Othello. It is also designated Uranus X. Desdemona belongs to Portia Group of satellites, which also includes Bianca, Cressida, Juliet, Portia, Rosalind, Cupid, Belinda and Perdita. These satellites have similar orbits and photometric properties. Other than its orbit, size of 90 × 54 km and geometric albedo of 0.08 virtually nothing is known about Desdemona. In the Voyager 2 images Desdemona appears as an elongated object, the major axis pointing towards Uranus. The ratio of axes of Desdemona's prolate spheroid is 0.6 ± 0.3. Its surface is grey in color. Desdemona may collide with one of its neighboring moons Cressida or Juliet within the next 100 million years. See also Moons of Uranus Notes References External links Desdemona Profile by NASA's Solar System Exploration Uranus' Known Satellites (by Scott S. Sheppard) Moons of Uranus 19860113 Othello Moons with a prograde orbit", "title": "Desdemona (moon)" }, { "docid": "32059319", "text": "The following is a list of tools on a variety of platforms that may be used to predict the pass of an orbiting artificial satellite over a given point on Earth. They are used to generate a list of dates, times and directions when and where objects such as the International Space Station, Genesis, or Tiangong 1 space stations will be visible to ground observers, as well as many man-made objects that can be seen with the unaided eye including the Hubble Space Telescope. Web-based Pass Predictions API by Re CAE provides a live objects catalog and pass predictions. It features a filtering system for the catalog to only display objects with matching name or ID. The pass predictions generates, among other things, the time window, minimum elevation and the apparent brightness of the object in the sky. Satellite Tracking provides detailed real-time and pass predictions for Earth orbiting satellites. See A Satellite Tonight shows you where to look with Google Street View. Uphere.Space real time tracking and predictions. As soon as new satellites are launched this application begins tracking them. ISS Tracker, since 2015 the most popular ISS Tracker and passes list. Heavens-Above, called \"the most popular website for tracking satellites\" in 2007 by Sky and Telescope magazine and referenced by NASA websites. Linked from both NASA and ESA websites as a reference for locating satellites and spacecraft. Includes predictions for the ISS, space shuttle and other bright satellites, planets, minor planets, and comets. JPass, a java based web application. Offline since April 2010, replaced by NASA Skywatch web application. NASA Skywatch, Java based web application. Predicts visible passes for spacecraft, satellites and space debris. AMSAT Online Satellite Pass Predictions. N2YO provides real time tracking and pass predictions with orbital paths and footprints overlaid on Google Maps. It features an alerting system that automatically notifies users via SMS and/or email before International Space Station crosses the local sky. The N2YO.com system powers ESA's, Space.com's and many other's satellite tracking web pages. CalSky a service offered by Arnold Barmettler for astronomers to plan their observing sessions. Features a calendar (and/or email notifications) generated for your location including information on aurora, comets, tides, solar and lunar eclipses, planets, bright satellite passes (ISS, HST, etc.), occultations, transits, Iridium flares, and decaying satellites that may be visible. Retired, October 2020, then continued Free HTTP API Free HTTP API for satellite predictions. JSON and iCal formats. Offered as a \"best effort\" resource. Spectator, allows real-time tracking and overpass prediction for Earth Observation satellites. It also connects to data APIs, allowing users to get latest images from tracked satellites. Where the ISS at? provides real time tracking and push notifications (via email) for ISS passes over your location. REST API available as well. ISS online ISS Live webcam. ISS passes over your location. Photo from ISS on map. ISS tracker. Current ISS Crew. tracksat.space, free web application for tracking satellites orbiting Earth. Allows to check passes over chosen locations, predict satellites' future positions and set", "title": "List of satellite pass predictors" }, { "docid": "589853", "text": "Skathi , also named Saturn XXVII and originally spelled Skadi, is a natural satellite of the planet Saturn. Skathi is one of Saturn's irregular moons, in its Norse group of satellites. It was discovered on September 23, 2000, by a team of astronomers led by Brett Gladman. The team announced their discovery on December 7, 2000, along with seven other satellites of Saturn, namely; Tarvos, Ijiraq, Thrymr, Siarnaq, Mundilfari, Erriapus, and Suttungr. The moon was named after Skaði, a figure in Norse mythology, as part of an effort to diversify the largely Greek and Roman names of astronomical objects. Skathi takes just over 725 days to complete an orbit of Saturn and it is estimated to take hours to rotate on its axis. It orbits at a greater distance from Saturn than many of the planet's other satellites, with a large orbital inclination and eccentricity, and it moves in a retrograde direction. Not much is known about Skathi, because it is a dim object. Other than Earth-based observations, it has only been observed by the Cassini probe, and even those measurements were taken at a distance of nearly . Skathi's origin remains an open question. One possibility is that it was originally an asteroid that formed elsewhere, and was captured by Saturn's gravity as it flew by the planet. Another possibility is that it was originally a portion of one of Saturn's moons, like Phoebe, that split off during a collision and became an independent satellite. Its physical composition has not been determined, but it is known to be about across, and to have an irregular shape. Discovery Skathi was discovered on September 23, 2000, by Brett J. Gladman, John J. Kavelaars, Jean-Marc Petit, Hans Scholl, Matthew J. Holman, Brian G. Marsden, Phil Nicholson, and Joseph A. Burns. The team used images taken by the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope at the Mauna Kea Observatories. At first, Skathi was given the temporary name \"S/2000 S 8\": the first \"S\" denotes that Skathi is a satellite (as opposed to, say, a planetary ring), \"2000\" specifies that it was discovered in the year 2000, the second \"S\" is assigned because it orbits the planet Saturn, and the number 8 means that it was the eighth such object discovered in that year. Skathi's name was specifically chosen to diversify the origins of names given to astronomical objects. Most English names for planets are derived from the Roman names for planets, and scientists who have named satellites have tended to follow this pattern. Given this context, the historian Jürgen Blunck wrote that Kavelaars \"attempted to help astronomical nomenclature to find its way out of its Greco-Romano-Renaissance rut\", attempting to assign the newly discovered satellites names \"that were both multicultural and Canadian\". For Skathi he selected a name from Norse mythology, in which Skaði is a giantess who traveled to Asgard to avenge the death of her father. Several of Saturn's other satellites (Ijiraq, Kiviuq, Paaliaq, Siarnaq, and Tarqeq) were given names from Inuit mythology. When the name", "title": "Skathi (moon)" }, { "docid": "725762", "text": "Massalia (minor planet designation: 20 Massalia) is a stony asteroid and the parent body of the Massalia family located in the inner region of the asteroid belt, approximately in diameter. Discovered by Italian astronomer Annibale de Gasparis on 19 September 1852, it was named for the Latin name of the French city of Marseille, from which the independent discover Jean Chacornac sighted it the following night. It was the first asteroid that was not assigned an iconic symbol by its discoverer. It came to opposition 179 degrees from the Sun on 16 June 2023, and came to aphelion (farthest distance from the Sun) on 17 September 2023. Classification and orbit Massalia is the namesake and the parent body of the Massalia family (), a very large inner belt asteroid family consisting of stony asteroids with very low inclinations. It is by far the largest body in this family. The remaining family members are fragments ejected by a cratering event on Massalia. It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 2.1–2.8 AU once every 3 years and 9 months (1,366 days; semi-major axis of 2.41 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.14 and an inclination of 1° with respect to the ecliptic. Physical characteristics Massalia has an above-average density for S-type asteroids, similar to the density of silicate rocks. As such, it appears to be a solid unfractured body, a rarity among asteroids of its size. Apart from the few largest bodies over 400 km in diameter, such as 1 Ceres and 4 Vesta, most asteroids appear to have been significantly fractured, or are even rubble piles. In 1998, Bange estimated Massalia to have a mass of 5.2 kg assuming that 4 Vesta has 1.35 solar mass. The calculation of the mass of Massalia is dependent on the mass of 4 Vesta and perturbation of 44 Nysa. Light curve analysis indicates that Massalia's pole points towards ecliptic coordinates either (β, λ) = (45°, 10°) or (β, λ) = (45°, 190°) with a 10° uncertainty. This gives an axial tilt of 45° in both cases. The shape reconstruction from light curves has been described as quite spherical with large planar, nonconvex parts of the surface. In 1988 there was a search for satellites or dust orbiting this asteroid using the UH88 telescope at the Mauna Kea Observatories, but none were found. In February 2024, water molecules were discovered on 20 Massalia, alongside 7 Iris, marking the first time water molecules were detected on asteroids. Discovery Massalia was discovered on 19 September 1852, by Annibale de Gasparis at Naples Observatory in Italy, and also found independently the next night by Jean Chacornac at Marseilles Observatory, France. It was Chacornac's discovery that was announced first. In the nineteenth century the variant spelling Massilia was often used. Asteroids discovered prior to Massalia were assigned iconic symbols, like the ones traditionally used to designate the planets. However, astronomers had begun to phase out this practice with the discovery of 16 Psyche", "title": "20 Massalia" }, { "docid": "8753482", "text": "15810 Arawn (provisional designation ) is a trans-Neptunian object (TNO) from the inner regions of the Kuiper belt, approximately in diameter. It belongs to the plutinos, the most populous class of resonant TNOs. It was named after Arawn, the ruler of the underworld in Welsh mythology, and was discovered on 12 May 1994, by astronomers Michael Irwin and Anna Żytkow with the 2.5-metre Isaac Newton Telescope at Roque de los Muchachos Observatory in the Canary Islands, Spain. Arawn is unusual in that it has been observed at a much closer distance than most Kuiper belt objects, by the New Horizons spacecraft, which imaged it from a distance of in April 2016; this and its other observations have allowed its rotation period to be determined. Orbit and physical properties Arawn is moving in a relatively eccentric orbit entirely beyond the orbit of Neptune. With a semi-major axis of 39.4 AU, it orbits the Sun once every 247 years and 6 months (90,409 days). Its orbit has a perihelion (closest approach to the Sun) of 34.7 AU, an aphelion (farthest distance from the Sun) of 44.1 AU, an eccentricity of 0.12, and an inclination of 4° with respect to the ecliptic. It is a plutino, being trapped in a 2:3 mean motion resonance with Neptune, similarly to dwarf planet Pluto, the largest known plutino. It measures approximately in diameter, based on an absolute magnitude of 7.6, and an estimated albedo of 0.1. Observations by the Hubble Space Telescope show that Arawn has a very red surface. In April 2016, its rotation period of 5.47 hours was determined. Quasi-satellite dynamical state and orbital evolution In 2012 Arawn was hypothesized to be in a quasi-satellite loop around Pluto, as part of a recurring pattern, becoming a Plutonian quasi-satellite every 2 Myr and remaining in that phase for nearly 350,000 years. Measurements made by the New Horizons probe in 2015 made it possible to calculate the motion of Arawn much more accurately. These calculations confirm the general dynamics described in the hypotheses. However, it is not agreed upon among astronomers whether Arawn should be classified as a quasi-satellite of Pluto based on this motion since its orbit is primarily controlled by Neptune with only occasional smaller perturbations caused by Pluto. Origin Arawn is moving in a very stable orbit, likely as stable as Pluto's. This suggests that it might be a primordial plutino formed around the same time Pluto itself and Charon came into existence. It is unlikely to be relatively recent debris that originated in collisions within Pluto's system or a captured object. Observation Arawn is currently relatively close to Pluto. In 2017 it was only 2.7 AU from Pluto. Before 486958 Arrokoth was discovered in 2014, Arawn was the best known target for a flyby by the New Horizons spacecraft after its Pluto flyby in 2015. Arawn was one of the first objects targeted for distant observations by New Horizons, which were taken on 2 November 2015. More observations were made in April", "title": "15810 Arawn" }, { "docid": "22498", "text": "In celestial mechanics, an orbit (also known as orbital revolution) is the curved trajectory of an object such as the trajectory of a planet around a star, or of a natural satellite around a planet, or of an artificial satellite around an object or position in space such as a planet, moon, asteroid, or Lagrange point. Normally, orbit refers to a regularly repeating trajectory, although it may also refer to a non-repeating trajectory. To a close approximation, planets and satellites follow elliptic orbits, with the center of mass being orbited at a focal point of the ellipse, as described by Kepler's laws of planetary motion. For most situations, orbital motion is adequately approximated by Newtonian mechanics, which explains gravity as a force obeying an inverse-square law. However, Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity, which accounts for gravity as due to curvature of spacetime, with orbits following geodesics, provides a more accurate calculation and understanding of the exact mechanics of orbital motion. History Historically, the apparent motions of the planets were described by European and Arabic philosophers using the idea of celestial spheres. This model posited the existence of perfect moving spheres or rings to which the stars and planets were attached. It assumed the heavens were fixed apart from the motion of the spheres and was developed without any understanding of gravity. After the planets' motions were more accurately measured, theoretical mechanisms such as deferent and epicycles were added. Although the model was capable of reasonably accurately predicting the planets' positions in the sky, more and more epicycles were required as the measurements became more accurate, hence the model became increasingly unwieldy. Originally geocentric, it was modified by Copernicus to place the Sun at the centre to help simplify the model. The model was further challenged during the 16th century, as comets were observed traversing the spheres. The basis for the modern understanding of orbits was first formulated by Johannes Kepler whose results are summarised in his three laws of planetary motion. First, he found that the orbits of the planets in our Solar System are elliptical, not circular (or epicyclic), as had previously been believed, and that the Sun is not located at the center of the orbits, but rather at one focus. Second, he found that the orbital speed of each planet is not constant, as had previously been thought, but rather that the speed depends on the planet's distance from the Sun. Third, Kepler found a universal relationship between the orbital properties of all the planets orbiting the Sun. For the planets, the cubes of their distances from the Sun are proportional to the squares of their orbital periods. Jupiter and Venus, for example, are respectively about 5.2 and 0.723 AU distant from the Sun, their orbital periods respectively about 11.86 and 0.615 years. The proportionality is seen by the fact that the ratio for Jupiter, 5.23/11.862, is practically equal to that for Venus, 0.7233/0.6152, in accord with the relationship. Idealised orbits meeting these rules are known", "title": "Orbit" }, { "docid": "2358080", "text": ", is a non-resonant trans-Neptunian object and binary system from the Kuiper belt located in the outermost region of the Solar System, approximately in diameter. It was first observed on 18 November 1998, by American astronomer Marc Buie and Robert Millis at the Kitt Peak National Observatory in Arizona, United States. In December 2000, a minor-planet moon, designated S/2000 () 1 with a diameter of , was discovered in its orbit. After Charon in 1978, it was the first of nearly 100 satellites since discovered in the outer Solar System. Orbit and classification Located beyond the orbit of Neptune, is a non-resonant classical Kuiper belt object (cubewano) of the so-called hot population, which have higher inclinations than those of the cold population. It orbits the Sun at a distance of 40.4–48.5 AU once every 297 years (108,345 days; semi-major axis of 44.48 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.09 and an inclination of 7° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins at Kitt Peak with its first observation on 18 November 1998. Numbering and naming As of 2018, this minor planet has not been numbered nor named by the Minor Planet Center. Physical characteristics is expected to have a low albedo due to its blue (neutral) color. Other sources assume a higher albedo of 0.10 and 0.16, respectively (see below). It has a V–I color index of 0.91, notably lower than the mean-color index for cubewanos, and in between that of comets and Jupiter trojans. Satellite is a binary minor planet with a minor-planet moon in its orbit. On 22 December 2000, French astronomers Christian Veillet and Alain Doressoundiram in collaboration with J. Shapiro discovered the satellite using the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope at Mauna Kea on the Big Island of Hawaii, United States. The discovery was announced on 16 April 2001 and received the provisional designation . It was the first trans-Neptunian binary discovered after Charon in 1978, the largest satellite in the Pluto–Charon system. Since then nearly 100 trans-Neptunian binaries have been discovered. is also one of the most symmetrical binaries known in the Solar System. The satellite has a highly eccentric orbit with eccentricity of with an exceptionally long orbital period of and a semi-major axis of . Diameter and albedo While the primary measures , the satellite has a diameter of (a ratio of 0.883) with a combined system diameter of . The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.10 and calculates a system diameter of based on an absolute magnitude of 6.7, while Mike Brown finds a diameter of with a lower albedo of 0.04. Rotation period As of 2020, no rotational lightcurve of has been obtained from photometric observations. The body's rotation period, pole and shape remain unknown. References External links The binary Kuiper-belt object , publication in Nature, 18 April 2002 The binary Kuiper Belt Object 1998 WW31, Christian Veillet - CFHT - 17 April 2002 IAUC 7610: S/2000 (1998 WW_31) 1, satellite discovery – ''Central Bureau for Astronomical", "title": "1998 WW31" }, { "docid": "865267", "text": "5261 Eureka is the first Mars trojan discovered. It was discovered by David H. Levy and Henry Holt at Palomar Observatory on 20 June 1990. It trails Mars (at the ) at a distance varying by only 0.3 AU during each revolution (with a secular trend superimposed, changing the distance from 1.5–1.8 AU around 1850 to 1.3–1.6 AU around 2400). Minimum distances from Earth, Venus, and Jupiter, are 0.5, 0.8, and 3.5 AU, respectively. Long-term numerical integration shows that the orbit is stable. Kimmo A. Innanen and Seppo Mikkola note that \"contrary to intuition, there is clear empirical evidence for the stability of motion around the and points of all the terrestrial planets over a timeframe of several million years\". Since the discovery of 5261 Eureka, the Minor Planet Center has recognized three other asteroids as Martian trojans: at the point, at the point, and , also at the point. At least five other asteroids in near-1:1 resonances with Mars have been discovered, but they do not exhibit trojan behavior. They are , , (36017) 1999 ND43, and (152704) 1998 SD4. Due to close orbital similarities, most of the other, smaller, members of the L5 group are hypothesized to be fragments of 5261 Eureka that were detached after it was spun up by the YORP effect (consistent with its rotational period of 2.69 h). The infrared spectrum for 5261 Eureka is typical for an A-type asteroid, but the visual spectrum is consistent with an evolved form of achondrite called an angrite. A-class asteroids are tinted red in hue, with a moderate albedo. The asteroid is located deep within a stable Lagrangian zone of Mars, which is considered indicative of a primordial origin—meaning the asteroid has most likely been in this orbit for much of the history of the Solar System. Satellite On 28 November 2011, a natural satellite of 5261 Eureka was found. It has yet to be named, and its provisional designation is S/2011 (5261) 1. The moon is about 0.46 km in diameter and orbits 2.1 km from Eureka. The satellite's existence was announced in September 2014. See also References Further reading IAUC 5045 IAUC 5047 IAUC 5067 IAUC 5075 A. S. Rivkin, R. P. Binzel, S. J. Bus, and J. A. Grier, \"Spectroscopy and Classification of Mars Trojan Asteroids\", Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society 34, 2002, p. 840. S. Tabachnik and N. W. Evans, \"Cartography for Martian Trojans\", The Astrophysical Journal 517, 1999, pp. L63–L66. External links The co-orbital asteroids of Mars A simulation and animation showing Mars's co-orbital and near co-orbital asteroids Asteroids with Satellites, Robert Johnston, johnstonsarchive.net Mars trojans Eureka Eureka Eureka Binary asteroids Sr-type asteroids (SMASS) 19900620", "title": "5261 Eureka" }, { "docid": "14996749", "text": "3709 Polypoites is a large Jupiter trojan from the Greek camp, approximately in diameter. The Trojan asteroid was discovered on 14 October 1985, by American astronomer Carolyn Shoemaker at the Palomar Observatory in California, United States, and named after Polypoites from Greek mythology. The dark D-type asteroid belongs to the 50 largest Jupiter trojans. It has a rotation period of 10 hours and possibly a spherical shape. Orbit and classification Polypoites is a dark Jovian asteroid orbiting in the leading Greek camp at Jupiter's Lagrangian point, 60° ahead of the Gas Giant's orbit in a 1:1 resonance (see Trojans in astronomy). It is also a non-family asteroid in the Jovian background population. It orbits the Sun at a distance of 4.9–5.6 AU once every 12.00 years (4,381 days; semi-major axis of 5.24 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.06 and an inclination of 20° with respect to the ecliptic. The asteroid was first observed as at Crimea–Nauchnij in July 1971. The body's observation arc begins at Palomar on 21 September 1985, just three weeks prior to its official discovery observation. Physical characteristics In both the Tholen- and SMASS-like taxonomy of the Small Solar System Objects Spectroscopic Survey (S3OS2), Polypoites is a D-type asteroid. It is also a generically assumed C-type asteroid. Rotation period Between 2010 and 2017, several rotational lightcurves have been obtained from photometric observations by Robert Stevens at the Center for Solar System Studies in California. Analysis of the best-rated lightcurve from April 2016 gave a period of 10.039 hours with a brightness variation of 0.12 magnitude (). A low brightness amplitude between 0.12 and 0.18 is also indicative of a rather spherical shape. These results supersede a period of 43 hours () measured at the Calvin–Rehoboth and Calvin College observatories in 2007. Diameter and albedo Results from space-based surveys diverge significantly: according to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Polypoites measures between 65.30 and 99.09 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.0452 and 0.087. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link agrees with the results obtained by IRAS (11 observations) and derives a diameter of 99.01 kilometers with an albedo of 0.0413 based on an absolute magnitude of 9.1. Naming This minor planet was named from Greek mythology after the Greek hero Polypoites, who fought during the Trojan War. In a competition among the Greek warriors, he was able to throw an iron meteorite the farthest and won the game against Leonteus, after whom the minor planet 3793 Leonteus is named. On landing, the meteorite formed an impact crater. The asteroid's name was suggested by Dorothy and Jerome Preston, with the remark, that, had the Shoemakers been present, they would have examined the event closely. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 2 April 1988 (). Notes References External links Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info ) Dictionary of Minor", "title": "3709 Polypoites" }, { "docid": "56818619", "text": "A temporary satellite is an object which has been captured by the gravitational field of a planet and thus has become the planet's natural satellite, but, unlike irregular moons of the larger outer planets of the Solar System, will eventually either leave its orbit around the planet or collide with the planet. The only observed examples are , a temporary satellite of Earth for twelve months from July 2006 to July 2007, and , which was discovered in 2020. Some defunct space probes or rockets have also been observed on temporary satellite orbits. In astrophysics, a temporary satellite is any body that enters the Hill sphere of a planet at a sufficiently low velocity such that it becomes gravitationally bound to the planet for some period of time. Capture of asteroids The dynamics of the capture of asteroids by Earth was explored in simulations conducted on a supercomputer, with results published in 2012. Of 10 million virtual near-Earth asteroids, 18,000 have been temporarily captured. Earth has at least one temporary satellite across at any given time, but they are too faint to detect by current surveys. According to the simulations, temporary satellites are typically caught and released when they pass one of two gravitational equilibrium points of the Sun and the planet along the line connecting the two, the L1 and L2 Lagrangian points. The captured asteroids typically have orbits very similar to the planet's (co-orbital configuration) and are captured most often when the planet is closest to the Sun (in the case of the Earth, in January) or furthest from the Sun (Earth: in July). In strict sense, only bodies that complete a full orbit around a planet are considered temporary satellites, also called temporarily captured orbiters (TCO). However, asteroids not in a tight co-orbital configuration with a planet can be temporarily captured for less than a full orbit; such objects have been named temporarily-captured fly-bys (TCF). In a 2017 follow-up to the 2012 simulation study which also considered an improved model of near-Earth asteroid populations, 40% of captured objects were TCF. The combined number of TCO/TCF was found to be smaller than in the previous study, the maximum size of objects which can be expected to be orbiting Earth at any given moment was . In another 2017 study based on simulations with one million virtual co-orbital asteroids, 0.36% have been temporarily captured. Examples , two objects have been observed at the time when they were temporary satellites: and 2020 CD3. According to orbital calculations, on its solar orbit, passes Earth at low speed every 20 to 21 years, at which point it can become a temporary satellite again. , there is one confirmed example of a temporarily captured asteroid that didn't complete a full orbit, . This asteroid was observed for a month after its discovery in November 1991, then again in April 1992, after which it wasn't seen until May 2017. After the recovery, orbital calculations confirmed that was a temporary satellite of Earth in February", "title": "Temporary satellite" }, { "docid": "19542399", "text": "The Frege–Church ontology is an ontology, a theory of existence. Everything is considered as being in three categories, object (referent, denotation), name, or concept (sense). The ontology was developed by Alonzo Church based on ideas of Gottlob Frege to resolve some paradoxes. The ontology is related to certain modal logics. Paradox of the name relationship Suppose we are in the year 1995. Suppose Mary believes that Pluto (at the time still considered a planet) is the farthest planet from the sun. Because of Pluto’s irregular orbit, the orbit of Pluto crossed the orbit of Neptune, so that in 1995, the farthest planet from the sun is Neptune. Suppose Mary does not know this fact. If x = y and y = z, then substituting z for y, x = z. (1) Mary believes that Pluto = the farthest planet from the sun. (2) Neptune = the farthest planet from the sun. Therefore, substituting ‘Neptune’ for ‘the farthest planet from the sun’ in (1), we get (3) Mary believes that Pluto = Neptune. However, Mary does not believe that Pluto is Neptune, a paradox. The Frege–Church ontology resolves this by saying the belief introduces an \"intensional context\" whereby the terms following the words \"believes that\" are in a context whereby they refer not to the denotation of the words, but to the concept associated with the words for the believer. Each word has a name, a denotation, and a concept associated with it. Terminology Propositions, properties, and relationships An object has properties. A banana has the property of being yellow. A proposition is a sentence that is either true or false. A proposition can be considered to be a function, with objects in it considered as variables, and the value of the function being either truth or falsity, a truth function. For example, write “x is yellow” as Y(x), so that Y(x) = Truth, if and only if “x is yellow” is true, and Y(x) = Falsity if and only if “x is Yellow” is false. For example, Y(banana) = Truth, since a banana is yellow. However, Y(apple) = Truth also, since some apples are yellow. Similarly a sentence expressing a relationship between two objects can be considered a truth function of two variables, that is, a relationship between two objects can be considered to be a truth function of two variables. For example, let S(x, y) = “x is smaller than y”. So S(mouse, elephant) = Truth, since a mouse is smaller than an elephant, but S(mouse, ant) = Falsity, since a mouse is not smaller than an ant. Object, name, concept An object (referent, denotation) has a name, the name of the object. The object has a concept (sense), the concept of the object, associated with the name of the object. A name or concept are themselves objects, and have names, the name of the name of the object, and the name of the concept of the object. Similarly they have concepts as any other object. A name is", "title": "Frege–Church ontology" }, { "docid": "10261692", "text": "A ground track or ground trace is the path on the surface of a planet directly below an aircraft's or satellite's trajectory. In the case of satellites, it is also known as a suborbital track or subsatellite track, and is the vertical projection of the satellite's orbit onto the surface of the Earth (or whatever body the satellite is orbiting). A satellite ground track may be thought of as a path along the Earth's surface that traces the movement of an imaginary line between the satellite and the center of the Earth. In other words, the ground track is the set of points at which the satellite will pass directly overhead, or cross the zenith, in the frame of reference of a ground observer. Aircraft ground tracks In air navigation, ground tracks typically approximate an arc of a great circle, this being the shortest distance between two points on the Earth's surface. In order to follow a specified ground track, a pilot must adjust their heading in order to compensate for the effect of wind. Aircraft routes are planned to avoid restricted airspace and dangerous areas, and to pass near navigation beacons. Satellite ground tracks The ground track of a satellite can take a number of different forms, depending on the values of the orbital elements, parameters that define the size, shape, and orientation of the satellite's orbit. Direct and retrograde motion Typically, satellites have a roughly sinusoidal ground track. A satellite with an orbital inclination between zero and ninety degrees is said to be in what is called a direct or prograde orbit, meaning that it orbits in the same direction as the planet's rotation. A satellite with an orbital inclination between 90° and 180° (or, equivalently, between 0° and −90°) is said to be in a retrograde orbit. A satellite in a direct orbit with an orbital period less than one day will tend to move from west to east along its ground track. This is called \"apparent direct\" motion. A satellite in a direct orbit with an orbital period greater than one day will tend to move from east to west along its ground track, in what is called \"apparent retrograde\" motion. This effect occurs because the satellite orbits more slowly than the speed at which the Earth rotates beneath it. Any satellite in a true retrograde orbit will always move from east to west along its ground track, regardless of the length of its orbital period. Because a satellite in an eccentric orbit moves faster near perigee and slower near apogee, it is possible for a satellite to track eastward during part of its orbit and westward during another part. This phenomenon allows for ground tracks that cross over themselves in a single orbit, as in the geosynchronous and Molniya orbits discussed below. Effect of orbital period A satellite whose orbital period is an integer fraction of a day (e.g., 24 hours, 12 hours, 8 hours, etc.) will follow roughly the same ground track every day.", "title": "Ground track" }, { "docid": "693207", "text": "A quasi-satellite is an object in a specific type of co-orbital configuration (1:1 orbital resonance) with a planet (or dwarf planet) where the object stays close to that planet over many orbital periods. A quasi-satellite's orbit around the Sun takes the same time as the planet's, but has a different eccentricity (usually greater), as shown in the diagram. When viewed from the perspective of the planet by an observer facing the Sun, the quasi-satellite will appear to travel in an oblong retrograde loop around the planet. . In contrast to true satellites, quasi-satellite orbits lie outside the planet's Hill sphere, and are unstable. Over time they tend to evolve to other types of resonant motion, where they no longer remain in the planet's neighborhood, then possibly later move back to a quasi-satellite orbit, etc. Other types of orbit in a 1:1 resonance with the planet include horseshoe orbits and tadpole orbits around the Lagrangian points, but objects in these orbits do not stay near the planet's longitude over many revolutions about the star. Objects in horseshoe orbits are known to sometimes periodically transfer to a relatively short-lived quasi-satellite orbit, and are sometimes confused with them. An example of such an object is . A quasi-satellite is similar to an object in a distant retrograde orbit, in a different context. The latter term is usually used for a space probe or artificial satellite in a retrograde orbit around a moon, and the period may be much shorter than that of the moon, whereas the term \"quasi-satellite\" usually refers to an object like an asteroid whose period is similar to that of the planet of which it is considered to be a quasi-satellite. But in both cases, the object (asteroid, space probe) viewed in a reference frame that rotates with the two main objects (once a year for Sun-Earth, once a month for Earth-Moon) appears to move retrograde compared to that rotation, thus lengthening its sidereal period. So a quasi-satellite (with low inclination) tends to stay in certain constellations rather than going through the whole zodiac. Quasi-satellites with high eccentricity can get quite far from their planet, more than an astronomical unit for quasi-satellites of Earth such as . The word \"geosynchronous\" is sometimes used to describe quasi-satellites of the Earth, because their motion around the Sun is synchronized with Earth's. However, this usage is unconventional and confusing. Conventionally, geosynchronous satellites revolve in the prograde sense around the Earth, with orbital periods that are synchronized to the Earth's rotation. Examples Venus Venus has one known quasi-satellite, 524522 Zoozve. This asteroid is also a Mercury- and Earth-crosser; it seems to have been a \"companion\" to Venus for approximately the last 7,000 years only, and is destined to be ejected from this orbital arrangement about 500 years from now. Earth As of 2023, Earth had seven known quasi-satellites: On the longer term, asteroids can transfer between quasi-satellite orbits and horseshoe orbits, which circulate around Lagrangian points L4 and L5. By 2016, orbital calculations showed", "title": "Quasi-satellite" }, { "docid": "8481594", "text": "In astronomy, a co-orbital configuration is a configuration of two or more astronomical objects (such as asteroids, moons, or planets) orbiting at the same, or very similar, distance from their primary; i.e., they are in a 1:1 mean-motion resonance. (or 1:−1 if orbiting in opposite directions). There are several classes of co-orbital objects, depending on their point of libration. The most common and best-known class is the trojan, which librates around one of the two stable Lagrangian points (Trojan points), and , 60° ahead of and behind the larger body respectively. Another class is the horseshoe orbit, in which objects librate around 180° from the larger body. Objects librating around 0° are called quasi-satellites. An exchange orbit occurs when two co-orbital objects are of similar masses and thus exert a non-negligible influence on each other. The objects can exchange semi-major axes or eccentricities when they approach each other. Parameters Orbital parameters that are used to describe the relation of co-orbital objects are the longitude of the periapsis difference and the mean longitude difference. The longitude of the periapsis is the sum of the mean longitude and the mean anomaly and the mean longitude is the sum of the longitude of the ascending node and the argument of periapsis . Trojans Trojan objects orbit 60° ahead of () or behind () a more massive object, both in orbit around an even more massive central object. The best known examples are the large population of asteroids that orbit ahead of or behind Jupiter around the Sun. Trojan objects do not orbit exactly at one of either Lagrangian points, but do remain relatively close to it, appearing to slowly orbit it. In technical terms, they librate around = (±60°, ±60°). The point around which they librate is the same, irrespective of their mass or orbital eccentricity. Trojan minor planets There are several thousand known trojan minor planets orbiting the Sun. Most of these orbit near Jupiter's Lagrangian points, the traditional Jupiter trojans. , there are also 13 Neptune trojans, 7 Mars trojans, 2 Uranus trojans ( and ), and 2 Earth trojans ( and (614689) 2020 XL5 ) that are known to exist. No Saturnian trojans have been observed. Trojan moons The Saturnian system contains two sets of trojan moons. Both Tethys and Dione have two trojan moons each, Telesto and Calypso in Tethys's and respectively, and Helene and Polydeuces in Dione's and respectively. Polydeuces is noticeable for its wide libration: it wanders as far as ±30° from its Lagrangian point and ±2% from its mean orbital radius, along a tadpole orbit in 790 days (288 times its orbital period around Saturn, the same as Dione's). Trojan planets A pair of co-orbital exoplanets was proposed to be orbiting the star Kepler-223, but this was later retracted. The possibility of a trojan planet to Kepler-91b was studied but the conclusion was that the transit-signal was a false-positive. In April 2023, a group of amateur astronomers reported two new exoplanet candidates co-orbiting , in a", "title": "Co-orbital configuration" }, { "docid": "80073", "text": "(243) Ida I Dactyl ( ) is a tiny asteroid moon (1 mile, or 1.6 km, in diameter) that orbits asteroid 243 Ida. It was imaged by the Galileo spacecraft on August 28, 1993; Dactyl was discovered while examining the delayed image downloads from Galileo on February 17, 1994. It was provisionally designated S/1993 (243) 1. The satellite was named after the mythical creatures called dactyls, who, according to Greek mythology, lived on Mount Ida. Orbit Dactyl's orbit around Ida is not precisely known. Galileo was in the plane of Dactyl's orbit when most of the images were taken, which made determining its exact orbit difficult. Dactyl orbits in the prograde direction and is inclined about 8° to Ida's equator. Based on computer simulations, Dactyl's pericenter must be more than about from Ida for it to remain in a stable orbit. The range of orbits generated by the simulations was narrowed down by the necessity of having the orbits pass through points at which Galileo observed Dactyl to be at 16:52:05 UT on 28 August 1993, about from Ida at longitude 85°. On 26 April 1994, the Hubble Space Telescope observed Ida for eight hours and was unable to spot Dactyl. It would have been able to observe it if it were more than about from Ida. If in a circular orbit at the distance at which it was seen, Dactyl's orbital period would be about 20 hours. Its orbital speed is roughly , \"about the speed of a fast run or a slowly thrown baseball\". Origin The origins of Dactyl are unclear, but two main hypotheses exist. The first is that Dactyl and Ida formed at the same time, and the second is that Dactyl was knocked loose by a later impact. Dactyl was the first asteroid moon discovered. Its discovery settled the long debate over the existence of asteroid moons. See also List of geological features on 243 Ida and Dactyl External links 243 Ida and Dactyl from The Nine Planets Asteroid Ida and Dactyl from Views of the Solar System IAUC 5948 announcing Dactyl's discovery IAUC 6082 announcing Dactyl's naming Ida and Dactyl in false coloring, to reveal surface differences References Works cited Asteroid satellites Minor planets visited by spacecraft", "title": "Dactyl (moon)" }, { "docid": "75120580", "text": "HD 152843 (also designated as TOI-2319) is a single star with a pair of close-orbiting exoplanets, located in the northern constellation of Hercules. It is positioned at a distance of 356 light years from the Sun based on parallax measurements, and at that range is too faint to be viewed with the naked eye, having an apparent visual magnitude of 8.85. The system is receding further away with a radial velocity of 10 km/s. This is a G-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of G0. It has 1.15 times the mass and 1.43 times the girth of the Sun. Around four billion years of age, HD 152843 is a quiet star, showing very little magnetic activity in its chromosphere. The abundance of iron, a measure of the star's metallicity, is somewhat lower than in the Sun. It is spinning with a projected rotational velocity of 8.4 km/s. Planetary system This star has two confirmed exoplanets orbiting it, being designated HD 152843 b and HD 152843 c. Both were discovered using NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) when they were observed transiting their host star. HD 152843 b is the closest planet to HD 152843, orbiting its host star in just 11.62 days. The planet has 9.8 Earth masses and 3.1 Earth radii. The planet orbits the star at a distance of 0.105 astronomical units (au), has an orbital eccentricity of 0.05, and has an orbital inclination of 89.3°. HD 152843 c is the second planet in the star system and farthest planet from its star. It has 9.7 Earth masses and 5.9 Earth radii. It orbits its host star at a speed of 7.1 kilometers a second, with its orbital eccentricity being 0.07 and an orbital inclination of 89.2°. Its low density makes it a super-puff planet. References G-type main-sequence stars Planetary systems with two confirmed planets Hercules (constellation) BD+20 3347 152843 2319 349488688", "title": "HD 152843" }, { "docid": "5953552", "text": "In astronomy, a solar transit is a movement of any object passing between the Sun and the Earth. This includes the planets Mercury and Venus (see Transit of Mercury and Transit of Venus). A solar eclipse is also a solar transit of the Moon, but technically only if it does not cover the entire disc of the Sun (an annular eclipse), as \"transit\" counts only objects that are smaller than what they are passing in front of. Solar transit is only one of several types of astronomical transit A solar transit (also called a solar outage, sometimes solar fade, sun outage, or sun fade) also occurs to communications satellites, which pass in front of the Sun for several minutes each day for several days straight for a period in the months around the equinoxes, the exact dates depending on where the satellite is in the sky relative to its earth station. Because the Sun also produces a great deal of microwave radiation in addition to sunlight, it overwhelms the microwave radio signals coming from the satellite's transponders. This enormous electromagnetic interference causes interruptions in fixed satellite services that use satellite dishes, including TV networks and radio networks, as well as VSAT and DBS. Only downlinks from the satellite are affected, uplinks from the Earth are normally not, as the planet \"shades\" the Earth station when viewed from the satellite. Satellites in geosynchronous orbit are irregularly affected based on their inclination. Reception from satellites in other orbits are frequently but only momentarily affected by this, and by their nature the same signal is usually repeated or relayed on another satellite, if a tracking dish is used at all. Satellite radio and other services like GPS are not affected, as they use no receiving dish, and therefore do not concentrate the interference. (GPS and certain satellite radio systems use non-geosynchronous satellites.) Solar transit begins with only a brief degradation in signal quality for a few moments. At the same time each day, for the next several days, it gets longer and gets worse, until finally gradually improving after several more days. For digital satellite services, the cliff effect will eliminate reception entirely at a given threshold. Reception is typically lost for only a few minutes on the worst day, but the beam width of the dish can affect this. Signal strength also affects this, as does the bandwidth of the signal. If the power is concentrated into a narrower band, there is a higher signal-to-noise ratio. If the same signal is spread wider, the receiver also gets a wider swath of noise, degrading reception. The exact days and times of solar transit outages, for each satellite and for each receiving point (Earth station) on the Earth, are available at various websites. For broadcast networks, the network feed must be pre-recorded, replaced with local programming, fed via another satellite in a different orbital position, or fed via another method entirely during these times. In the Northern Hemisphere, solar transit is usually in early", "title": "Solar transit" }, { "docid": "16477296", "text": "5283 Pyrrhus is a large Jupiter trojan from the Greek camp, approximately in diameter. It was discovered on 31 January 1989, by American astronomer Carolyn Shoemaker at the Palomar Observatory in California. The dark Jovian asteroid belongs to the 100 largest Jupiter trojans and has a rotation period of 7.3 hours. It was named after Achilles son, Neoptolemus (also called Pyrrhus) from Greek mythology. Orbit and classification Pyrrhus is a dark Jovian asteroid orbiting in the leading Greek camp at Jupiter's Lagrangian point, 60° ahead of the Gas Giant's orbit in a 1:1 resonance . It is also a non-family asteroid in the Jovian background population. It orbits the Sun at a distance of 4.4–6.0 AU once every 11 years and 10 months (4,335 days; semi-major axis of 5.2 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.15 and an inclination of 17° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins with a precovery taken at Palomar in November 1951, or more than 37 years prior to its official discovery observation. Naming This minor planet was named by the discoverer from Greek mythology after Achilles son Neoptolemus (see 2260 Neoptolemus) also known as Pyrrhus. His alternative name, Pyrrhus, origins from the red color of his hair. After his father's death, he was brought by Odysseus to the Trojan War, where he became the most ruthless of all the Greeks. He brutally killed King Priam and several other princes during the destruction of the city of Troy, and took away Hector's wife, Andromache, as his prize. The official was published by the Minor Planet Center on 4 June 1993 (). Physical characteristics Pyrrhus is an assumed C-type asteroid, while most larger Jupiter trojans are D-type asteroids. It has a typical V–I color index of 0.95 (also see table). Rotation period In September 1996, the first photometric observations Pyrrhus were obtained by Italian astronomer Stefano Mottola using the Bochum 0.61-metre Telescope at ESO's La Silla Observatory in Chile. The lightcurve however showed very little variation. Follow-up observation by Mottola at the Calar Alto Observatory with its 1.2-meter telescope in March 2002 gave a rotation period of hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.11 magnitude (). Diameter and albedo According to the surveys carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, The Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, and the Japanese Akari satellite, Pyrrhus measures between 48.36 and 69.93 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.072 and 0.100. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.0564 and a diameter of 64.26 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 9.7. References External links Lightcurve Database Query (LCDB), at www.minorplanet.info Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Google books Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (5001)-(10000) – Minor Planet Center Asteroid 5283 Pyrrhus at the Small Bodies Data Ferret 005283 Discoveries by Carolyn S. Shoemaker Named minor planets 19890131", "title": "5283 Pyrrhus" }, { "docid": "526042", "text": "Sedna (minor-planet designation: 90377 Sedna) is a dwarf planet in the outermost reaches of the Solar System, orbiting the Sun beyond the orbit of Neptune. Discovered in 2003, the planetoid's surface is one of the reddest known among Solar System bodies. Spectroscopy has revealed Sedna's surface to be mostly a mixture of the solid ices of water, methane, and nitrogen, along with widespread deposits of reddish-colored tholins, a chemical makeup similar to those of some other trans-Neptunian objects. Within the range of uncertainties, it is tied with the dwarf planet in the asteroid belt as the largest dwarf planet not known to have a moon. Its diameter is roughly 1,000 km (most likely in between those of Ceres and Saturn's moon Tethys). Owing to its lack of known moons, the Keplerian laws of planetary motion cannot be employed for determining its mass, and the precise figure as yet remains unknown. Sedna's orbit is one of the widest known in the Solar System. Its aphelion, or its farthest point from the Sun in its elliptical orbit, is located 937 astronomical units (AU) away. This is some 31 times the distance of Neptune's aphelion, and 19 times that of Pluto, sending most of its highly elongated orbit well beyond the heliopause, the boundary beyond which the influence of particles from interstellar space dominates over that of the Sun. Sedna's orbit is also one of the most narrow and elliptical discovered, with an eccentricity of 0.8496. This means that its perihelion, or point of closest approach to the Sun, at 76 AU is around 12.3 times closer than its aphelion. At perihelion, Sedna is only 55% further than Pluto's aphelion. , Sedna is near perihelion, from the Sun, and 2.8 times farther away than Neptune. The dwarf planets and are presently farther away from the Sun than Sedna. It is suggested that an exploratory fly-by mission to Sedna near its perihelion through a Jupiter gravity assist could be completed in 24.5 years. Due to its exceptionally elongated orbit, the dwarf planet takes approximately 11,400 years, over 11 millennia, to return to the same point in its orbit around the Sun. The IAU initially considered Sedna to be a member of the scattered disc, a group of objects sent into high-eccentricity orbits by the gravitational influence of Neptune. Several astronomers who worked in the associated field contested this classification, however, as even its perihelion is far too distant for it to have been scattered by any of the currently known planets. This has led some astronomers to informally refer to it as the first known member of the inner Oort cloud. The dwarf planet is also the prototype of a new orbital class of objects named after itself, the sednoids, which include , Leleākūhonua, and 2021 RR205, all celestial bodies with extremely elongated orbits. The astronomer Michael E. Brown, co-discoverer of Sedna, believes that studying Sedna's unusual orbit could yield valuable information on the origin and early evolution of the Solar System. It might", "title": "90377 Sedna" }, { "docid": "76169446", "text": "S/2021 N 1 is the smallest, faintest, and most distant natural satellite of Neptune known, with a diameter of around . It was discovered on 7 September 2021 by Scott S. Sheppard, David J. Tholen, Chad Trujillo, and Patryk S. Lykawka using the 8.2-meter Subaru Telescope at Mauna Kea, Hawaii, and later announced on 23 February 2024. It orbits Neptune in the retrograde direction at an average distance of over and takes about 27 Earth years to complete its orbit—the largest orbital distance and period of any known moon in the Solar System. Discovery S/2021 N 1 was first observed on 7 September 2021 by Scott S. Sheppard and collaborators, during their search for Neptunian irregular moons with the 8.2-m Subaru Telescope at Mauna Kea, Hawaii. Sheppard's team was able to detect this faint moon through the shift-and-add technique, in which they took many long-exposure telescope images, aligned and shifted them to follow Neptune's motion, and then added them together to create a single deep image that would show Neptunian moons as points of light against trailed background stars and galaxies. Applying the shift-and-add technique to very large aperture telescopes like Subaru enabled Sheppard's team to probe deeper than previous Neptunian irregular moon surveys. From September 2021 to November 2023, Sheppard's conducted follow-up observations of S/2021 N 1 using other large-aperture telescopes around the world, which included the 6.5-m Magellan–Baade Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory, the 8.2-m Very Large Telescope at European Southern Observatory, and the 8.1-m Gemini North Telescope at Mauna Kea Observatory to determine the moon's orbit and ensure it would not be lost. S/2021 N 1 and S/2002 N 5, another Neptunian irregular moon discovered by Sheppard's team, were both confirmed and announced by the Minor Planet Center on 23 February 2024, bringing Neptune's number of known moons from 14 to 16. Orbit S/2021 N 1 is an irregular moon of Neptune, since it has a distant, highly elliptical, and highly inclined orbit. Irregular moons are loosely bound by Neptune's gravity because of their great distance from the planet, so their orbits are frequently perturbed by the gravity of the Sun and other planets. This results in significant changes in the orbits of irregular moons over short periods of time, so a simple Keplerian elliptical orbit cannot accurately describe the long-term orbital motions of irregular moons. Instead, proper or average orbital elements are used to describe the long-term orbits of irregular moons more accurately, since these are calculated by averaging out the perturbed orbit over a long period of time. Over an 800-year time span from 1600 to 2400, S/2021 N 1's average semi-major axis or orbital distance from Neptune is , with an average orbital period of 27.5 Earth years. Both of these orbital properties are greater than those of Neptune's moon Neso (49.9 million km; 26.8 yr), which makes S/2021 N 1 hold the record for the largest orbital distance and period of any known moon in the Solar System. For comparison, the planet Mercury", "title": "S/2021 N 1" }, { "docid": "41770", "text": "A synchronous orbit is an orbit in which an orbiting body (usually a satellite) has a period equal to the average rotational period of the body being orbited (usually a planet), and in the same direction of rotation as that body. Simplified meaning A synchronous orbit is an orbit in which the orbiting object (for example, an artificial satellite or a moon) takes the same amount of time to complete an orbit as it takes the object it is orbiting to rotate once. Properties A satellite in a synchronous orbit that is both equatorial and circular will appear to be suspended motionless above a point on the orbited planet's equator. For synchronous satellites orbiting Earth, this is also known as a geostationary orbit. However, a synchronous orbit need not be equatorial; nor circular. A body in a non-equatorial synchronous orbit will appear to oscillate north and south above a point on the planet's equator, whereas a body in an elliptical orbit will appear to oscillate eastward and westward. As seen from the orbited body the combination of these two motions produces a figure-8 pattern called an analemma. Nomenclature There are many specialized terms for synchronous orbits depending on the body orbited. The following are some of the more common ones. A synchronous orbit around Earth that is circular and lies in the equatorial plane is called a geostationary orbit. The more general case, when the orbit is inclined to Earth's equator or is non-circular is called a geosynchronous orbit. The corresponding terms for synchronous orbits around Mars are areostationary and areosynchronous orbits. Formula For a stationary synchronous orbit: G = Gravitational constant m2 = Mass of the celestial body T = rotational period of the body = Radius of orbit By this formula one can find the stationary orbit of an object in relation to a given body. Orbital speed (how fast a satellite is moving through space) is calculated by multiplying the angular speed of the satellite by the orbital radius. Examples An astronomical example is Pluto's largest moon Charon. Much more commonly, synchronous orbits are employed by artificial satellites used for communication, such as geostationary satellites. For natural satellites, which can attain a synchronous orbit only by tidally locking their parent body, it always goes in hand with synchronous rotation of the satellite. This is because the smaller body becomes tidally locked faster, and by the time a synchronous orbit is achieved, it has had a locked synchronous rotation for a long time already. See also Subsynchronous orbit Supersynchronous orbit Graveyard orbit Tidal locking (synchronous rotation) Sun-synchronous orbit List of orbits References Astrodynamics Orbits", "title": "Synchronous orbit" }, { "docid": "51354109", "text": "The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Saturn: Saturn – sixth planet from the Sun and the second-largest in the Solar System, after Jupiter. It is a gas giant with an average radius about nine times that of Earth. Although only one-eighth the average density of Earth, with its larger volume Saturn is just over 95 times more massive. Saturn is named after the Roman god of agriculture; its astronomical symbol (♄) represents the god's sickle. Classification of Saturn Astronomical object Gravitationally rounded object Planet Giant planet Gas giant Planet of the Solar System Outer planet Superior planet Location of Saturn Milky Way Galaxy – barred spiral galaxy Orion Arm – a spiral arm of the Milky Way Solar System – the Sun and the objects that orbit it, including 8 planets, the sixth planet from the Sun being Saturn Orbit of Saturn Movement of Saturn Orbit of Saturn Rotation of Saturn Features of Saturn Great White Spot Magnetosphere of Saturn Rings Dragon Storm Natural satellites of Saturn Moons of Saturn Ring moonlets of Saturn S/2009 S 1 Pan Daphnis Atlas Prometheus Pandora Aegaeon Co-orbital moons of Saturn Janus Epimetheus Inner large moons of Saturn Mimas Geological features on Mimas Enceladus Tiger Stripes on Enceladus Geological features on Enceladus Quadrangles on Enceladus Tethys Geological features on Tethys Quadrangles on Tethys Dione Geological features on Dione Quadrangles on Dione Alkyonides group of moons of Saturn Methone Anthe Pallene Trojan moons of Saturn Telesto Calypso Helene Polydeuces Outer large moons of Saturn Rhea Rings of Rhea Geological features on Rhea Quadrangles on Rhea Titan Atmosphere of Titan Lakes of Titan Life on Titan Geological features on Titan Hyperion Geological features on Hyperion Iapetus Geological features on Iapetus Inuit group of moons of Saturn Saturn's Inuit group of satellites Kiviuq Ijiraq Paaliaq Siarnaq Tarqeq Gallic group of moons of Saturn Saturn's Gallic group of satellites Albiorix Bebhionn Erriapus Tarvos Norse group of Saturn satellites Saturn's Norse group of satellites Skoll S/2004 S 13 Greip Hyrrokkin Jarnsaxa Mundilfari S/2006 S 1 S/2004 S 17 Bergelmir Narvi Suttungr Hati S/2004 S 12 Farbauti Thrymr Aegir S/2007 S 3 Bestla S/2004 S 7 S/2006 S 3 Fenrir Surtur Kari Ymir Loge Fornjot History of Saturn History of Saturn Exploration of Saturn Exploration of Saturn Flyby missions to explore Saturn Pioneer 11 Voyager program Voyager 1 Voyager 2 Direct missions to explore Saturn Cassini–Huygens Huygens Proposed missions to explore Saturn Titan Saturn System Mission Titan Mare Explorer See also Outline of astronomy Outline of the Solar System Outline of space exploration References External links Saturn profile at NASA's Solar System Exploration site Saturn Fact Sheet, by NASA Gazeteer of Planetary Nomenclature – Saturn (USGS) Cassini–Huygens mission to Saturn, by NASA Research News about Saturn General information about Saturn Studies on the Rings of Saturn Astronomy Cast: Saturn Saturn in Daytime (12 inch telescope) Saturn 'Rev 175' Raw Preview BBC In Our Time radio program Saturn Saturn", "title": "Outline of Saturn" }, { "docid": "31236248", "text": "In celestial mechanics, a stationary orbit is an orbit around a planet or moon where the orbiting satellite or spacecraft remains over the same spot on the surface. From the ground, the satellite would appear to be standing still, hovering above the surface in the same spot, day after day. In practice, this is accomplished by matching the rotation of the surface below, by reaching a particular altitude where the orbital speed almost matches the rotation below, in an equatorial orbit. As the speed decreases slowly, then an additional boost would be needed to increase the speed back to a matching speed, or a retro-rocket could be fired to slow the speed when too fast. The stationary-orbit region of space is known as the Clarke Belt, named after British science fiction writer Arthur C. Clarke, who published the idea in Wireless World magazine in 1945. A stationary orbit is sometimes referred to as a \"fixed orbit\". Stationary Earth orbit Around the Earth, stationary satellites orbit at altitudes of approximately . Writing in 1945, the science-fiction author Arthur C. Clarke imagined communications satellites as travelling in stationary orbits, where those satellites would travel around the Earth at the same speed the globe is spinning, making them hover stationary over one spot on the Earth's surface. A satellite being propelled into place, into a stationary orbit, is first fired to a special equatorial orbit called a \"geostationary transfer orbit\" (GTO). Within this oval-shaped (elliptical) orbit, the satellite will alternately swing out to high and then back down to an altitude of only above the Earth (223 times closer). Then, at a planned time and place, an attached \"kick motor\" will push the satellite out to maintain an even, circular orbit at the 22,300-mile altitude. Stationary Mars orbit An areostationary orbit or areosynchronous equatorial orbit (abbreviated AEO) is a circular areosynchronous orbit in the Martian equatorial plane about from the centre of mass of Mars, any point on which revolves about Mars in the same direction and with the same period as the Martian surface. Areostationary orbit is a concept similar to Earth's geostationary orbit. The prefix areo- derives from Ares, the ancient Greek god of war and counterpart to the Roman god Mars, with whom the planet was identified. The modern Greek word for Mars is (). See also Lagrangian point Cytherocentric orbit References Orbits Astrophysics Spaceflight concepts", "title": "Stationary orbit" }, { "docid": "345848", "text": "A satellite is said to occupy an inclined orbit around Earth if the orbit exhibits an angle other than 0° to the equatorial plane. This angle is called the orbit's inclination. A planet is said to have an inclined orbit around the Sun if it has an angle other than 0° to the ecliptic plane. Types of inclined orbits Geosynchronous orbits A geosynchronous orbit is an inclined orbit with an altitude of that completes one revolution every sidereal day tracing out a small figure-eight shape in the sky. A geostationary orbit is a special case of geosynchronous orbit with no inclination, and therefore no apparent movement across the sky from a fixed observation point on the Earth's surface. Due to their inherent instability, geostationary orbits will eventually become inclined if they are not corrected using thrusters. At the end of the satellite's lifetime, when fuel approaches depletion, satellite operators may decide to omit these expensive manoeuvres to correct inclination and only control eccentricity. This prolongs the life-time of the satellite as it consumes less fuel over time, but the satellite can then only be used by ground antennas capable of following the north–south movement, satellite-tracking Earth stations. Polar orbits A polar orbit has an inclination of 90 degrees passing over the poles of the planet on each pass. These types of orbits are often used for earth observation and weather services. Sun-synchronous orbits This is a special type of orbit that precesses at the same rate that the sun moves along the ecliptic, causing the satellite to rise over a fixed location on the earth's surface at the same mean solar time every day. These orbits have an inclination governed by the equation: where is the orbital inclination, and is the orbital period. See also List of orbits Orbital inclination Non-inclined orbit External links References Orbits", "title": "Inclined orbit" }, { "docid": "76170000", "text": "S/2002 N 5 is a prograde irregular satellite of Neptune. It was discovered on 14 August 2002 by Matthew Holman, John J. Kavelaars, Tommy Grav, and Wesley Fraser using the 4.0-meter Víctor M. Blanco Telescope at Cerro Tololo Observatory, Chile, but it became lost and was not observed again until Scott S. Sheppard rediscovered it on 3 September 2021. The discovery of S/2002 N 5 was announced on 23 February 2024, after observations were collected over a long enough time to confirm the satellite's orbit. S/2002 N 5 orbits Neptune at an average distance of over and takes almost 9 Earth years to complete its orbit. Discovery S/2002 N 5 was first observed on 14 August 2002 by Matthew Holman and collaborators, during their search for Neptunian irregular moons using the 4.0-m Víctor M. Blanco Telescope at Cerro Tololo Observatory, Chile. Holman's team was able to detect this faint moon through the shift-and-add technique, in which they took many long-exposure telescope images, aligned and shifted them to follow Neptune's motion, and then added them together to create a single deep image that would show Neptunian moons as points of light against trailed background stars and galaxies. The moon was given the temporary designation \"c02N4\" and was among the faintest of the five Neptunian moons that Holman's team discovered in their search, which included Halimede, Sao, Laomedeia, and Neso. While four of these moons were successfully reobserved and subsequently announced, S/2002 N 5 was only reobserved once on 3 September 2002 by the 8.2-m Very Large Telescope at European Southern Observatory. Further attempts to reobserve S/2002 N 5 were unsuccessful. With very few observations, S/2002 N 5's orbit could not be confirmed and it became a lost moon. S/2002 N 5 remained unobserved for 19 years since its last observation by Holman's team in September 2002. On 3 September 2021, Scott S. Sheppard rediscovered S/2002 N 5 while searching for Neptunian irregular moons with the 6.5-m Magellan–Baade Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory, Chile. Like Holman's team, Sheppard used the shift-and-add technique to detect S/2002 N 5. From September 2021 to November 2023, Sheppard and his collaborators David J. Tholen, Chad Trujillo, and Patryk S. Lykawka conducted follow-up observations of S/2002 N 5 using the Magellan–Baade Telescope and the 8.2-m Subaru Telescope at Mauna Kea, Hawaii to determine the moon's orbit and ensure it would not be lost. After Sheppard's follow-up observations concluded, his team was able to link the moon back to its original discovery observations from 2002. S/2002 N 5 and S/2021 N 1, another Neptunian irregular moon discovered by Sheppard's team, were both confirmed and announced by the Minor Planet Center on 23 February 2024, bringing Neptune's number of known moons from 14 to 16. Orbit S/2002 N 5 is an irregular moon of Neptune, since it has a distant, highly elliptical, and highly inclined orbit. Irregular moons are loosely bound by Neptune's gravity because of their great distance from the planet, so their orbits are frequently perturbed by", "title": "S/2002 N 5" } ]	[ "apoapsis" ]
train_45937	who sings searching for a heart of gold	[ { "docid": "16861159", "text": "\"A Man Needs a Maid\" is a song written by Neil Young that was first released on his 1972 album Harvest. It is one of two songs on Harvest on which Young is accompanied by the London Symphony Orchestra. It has appeared on several of Young's live and compilation albums. Lyrics and music Music critic Johnny Rogan described the melody of \"A Man Needs a Maid\" as \"haunting.\" Allmusic critic William Ruhlmann said the words were \"an impressionistic musing by a man who is contemplating the start of a new romantic relationship.\" The lyrics of \"A Man Needs a Maid\" have generated controversy over chauvinistic interpretations. This may be the result of Young using the term \"maid\" with two meanings, first as a housekeeper to cook and clean for him, then leave. However, the rest of the lyrics express Young's feelings of insecurity, trying to balance his need for an equal relationship with a woman against his fear of being hurt by that relationship and just \"living alone and hiring help.\" This is apparent from the opening lines \"My life is changin' in so many ways/I don't know who to trust anymore\" before he starts singing about thinking of getting a maid. And even though he sings of the maid going away after doing the housework, after singing that \"a man needs a maid\" he goes on to ask \"When will I see you again?\" Music journalist Nigel Williamson adds another explanation for Young's desire for a maid, because he wrote the song while hospitalized after back surgery, so he literally did then need the services of a maid. Responding to the accusation of sexism from literal readings of the song, Young once pointed out that \"Robin Hood loved a maid long before women's liberation.\" Perhaps anticipating such criticism, Young remarked at an early performance of the song at the Boston Music Hall on January 21, 1971: In the last verse, Young describes watching a movie and falling in love with the actress. This is an autobiographical reference to Young falling in love with actress Carrie Snodgress, who would become the mother of Young's first son. Young had become smitten by Snodgress when he saw her playing the role of the titular housewife in the movie Diary of a Mad Housewife. Background and recording In live performances before recording Harvest, Young sang \"A Man Needs a Maid\" accompanying himself on piano. The earliest recordings were performed as a medley with the soon to be #1 hit \"Heart of Gold\". Later in the tour, \"Heart of Gold\" was sung separately with acoustic guitar. For the Harvest recording, Young added accompaniment by the London Symphony Orchestra, recorded at Barking Town Hall (later the Broadway theatre) in London in February 1971. Jack Nitzsche provided the orchestral arrangement. The Harvest recording begins with Young on solo piano with the orchestral accompaniment joining after the first statement of \"a man needs a maid.\" Several critics, including Johnny Rogan, found the orchestral accompaniment to be overblown.", "title": "A Man Needs a Maid (song)" }, { "docid": "5783430", "text": "Colin Lester Irwin (19 May 1951 – 3 November 2022) was a British music journalist. Biography He was born in Chertsey, Surrey, England, and attended Strode's Grammar School in Egham. He studied journalism at Guildford College before working at the Slough Evening Mail, and becoming a patron of folk clubs from the late 1960s. He started writing on a freelance basis for music magazines before joining Melody Maker in 1974, writing mainly about British folk music and interviewing many of the notable performers of the period. He later became features editor and then assistant editor at Melody Maker, leaving in summer 1987 as the magazine moved in a different direction. He became editor of the pop music magazine Number One in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Later, he worked on a freelance basis for magazines including Q and Mojo, as well as magazines covering sport and travel. He reviewed music for The Guardian, Mojo, The Daily Telegraph, The Independent, fRoots, Planet Sound and Spiral Earth, and was a Mercury Music Prize judge. He also wrote books, starting with biographies of Dire Straits (1994) and Abba (with Tony Calder and Andrew Loog Oldham, 1996). His 2003 book In Search of the Craic details a comic journey around Ireland seeking out pub music sessions, and became a best-seller in Ireland. Subsequent books were In Search of Albion (2005), a similarly light-hearted journey around English traditions and rituals, and Sing When You're Winning (2006), about the history and culture of terrace songs at football matches. His other books included biographies of Neil Young, Leonard Cohen, and Bob Dylan. Irwin presented music programmes on BBC Radio 2. His play The Corridor has been performed in Surrey and Yorkshire. Other plays he wrote which have been performed on stage in different parts of the country include One of Us Is Lying, When Barry Met Cally and I Am the Way. In 2017, his theatrical music show, She Moved Through the Fair: The Legend of Margaret Barry, co-written with Irish singer Mary McPartlan, debuted at Glasgow's Tron Theatre as part of the Celtic Connections festival. Irwin died from a suspected heart attack on 3 November 2022, at the age of 71. Bibliography Dire Straits (Orion Books, 1994) Abba: The Name of the Game (with Andrew Oldham and Tony Calder) (Pan, 1996) The Rough Guide to World Music (contributor) In Search of the Craic: One Man's Pub Crawl Through Irish Music (2004) In Search of Albion: From Cornwall to Cumbria – A Ride Through England's Hidden Soul (2005) Sing When You're Winning: Search for the Soul of Football (2006) Legendary Sessions: Bob Dylan: Highway 61 Revisited (2007) Neil Young: A Life in Pictures (2012) Leonard Cohen: Still the Man (2015) Albums compiled by Colin Irwin The Very Best of Celtic (Various artists) (2004) References External links Profile at Rock's Back Pages 1951 births 2022 deaths British magazine editors English music journalists The Guardian journalists Melody Maker writers Mojo (magazine) people People from Chertsey", "title": "Colin Irwin (journalist)" } ]	[ { "docid": "42844661", "text": "Maysa: Quando Fala o Coração (English: Maysa - When the heart sings) is a 2009 Brazilian miniseries written by Manoel Carlos and directed by Jayme Monjardim. It's starring Larissa Maciel in the role of Maysa Matarazzo. In 2009, was nominated for Best TV Movie/Mini-Series at the 37th International Emmy Awards. Plot At seventeen, filled with dreams and hopes, Maysa marries the love of her life, Andre Matarazzo, an industry titan with whom she has her only son, Jayme Monjardim. The strictness of life in the family mansion, however, contrasts with the festive and artistic environment in which she grew up. Despite Andre’s opposition, Maysa’s superb voice lands her an invitation to record an album, and her music becomes an instant success. Maysa’s new, demanding career results in the collapse of her marriage and takes a toll on her relationship with Jayme. In search of professional achievement, she risks everything and immerses her body and soul into singing. She earns standing ovations while crisscrossing the globe. Once divorced, she engages in turbulent relationships. She breaks taboos and defies conventions. And she dies tragically and prematurely. Maysa - when the heart sings: the story of a woman ahead of her time, who gave herself to life and to love with the same intensity as she composed and performed. Cast Larissa Maciel — Maysa Eduardo Semerjian — André Matarazzo Mateus Solano — Ronaldo Bôscoli Jayme Matarazzo — Jayme Monjardim (young) Nelson Baskerville — Alcebíades Monjardim (Monja) Ângela Dip — Ináh Monjardim Marat Descartes — Carlos Alberto Cristine Perón — Nara Leão Priscilla Rozenbaum — Ana Denise Weinberg — Amália Pablo Bellini — Miguel Azanza Melissa Vettore — Gabriela Simone Soares — Nina Beto Matos — Régis Caio Sóh — Guto (Augusto) Cristiane Carniato — Marlene Fátima Montenegro — Yvone Rogério Falabella — Andrea Matarazzo André Matarazzo — Jayme Monjardim (child) Ratings Rating average: 26,1 in Grande São Paulo. Awards and nominations International Exhibition References External links Brazilian television miniseries 2009 Brazilian television series debuts 2009 Brazilian television series endings Portuguese-language television shows Television series based on singers and musicians", "title": "Maysa: Quando Fala o Coração" }, { "docid": "69119891", "text": "Anthony John Paul Duclayan Rosaldo (born February 1, 1994), is a Filipino singer, actor, host and model. He was the season 1 finalist of the singing competition The Clash, winning 6th place. He is currently an artist under GMA Network, dubbed as the “Kapuso Pop Rocker”. Career Early career Rosaldo started out as a child actor. He first appeared on a 1998 Christmas movie Puso ng Pasko, where he played young Dondi. His television debut was in 2016, when he joined the Eat Bulaga! segment Spogify Feat. Singing Baes, a search for singing heartthrobs. After months of competing, he was selected as one of the 5 grand finalists who eventually became the show's newest boy group. In the same year, Rosaldo released his first single “I Would Give It All” under Ivory Music. In 2017, Rosaldo represented the Philippines in the world stage. He joined the 21st World Championships of Performing Arts 2017 in Hollywood, California. He brought home 1 gold and 1 bronze medal for singing and 2 gold and 2 silver medals for modeling. Because of the recognition and TV exposures, Anthony booked several local and international shows and concerts including one in Alberta, Canada and one in Beirut, Lebanon. Later career He joined the first season of the very successful all-original reality singing competition The Clash, where he was one of the grand finalists. He later signed an exclusive management contract with GMA Artist Center (now Sparkle) and was given a recording contract under GMA Music. His debut single “Larawan Mo” was released on February 6, 2019. It was well received by audiences. The single has made it to Twitter-trending topics and also topped iTunes PH's charts for a week. The single's music video was released starring several celebrities including GMA's leading lady Kris Bernal. It became the local theme song for Emperor; Ruler of The Mask. it has over half a million streams on Spotify. Continuously working hard on his craft, Rosaldo won Best New Male Singing Performer for the National Customers' Choice Awards 2019 in February 2019. His first major concert top billed with Mikee Quintos “Revelation” was held on June 28, 2019, at The Music Museum. Following the success of the sold-out concert, he was awarded Best Male Concert Performer at the Best Choice Awards 2019. On October 8, 2019, he released his 2nd single, “Maghintay Ka Lamang”, a revival which was originally sung by Ted Ito. The single climbed up the iTunes charts and placed 3rd for 2 consecutive days. It was used as the local theme song for “Sky Castle” aired in November 2019. Rosaldo renewed his contract with Sparkle in November 2019. Despite the struggles with the on-going pandemic, Rosaldo was able to release his 3rd single under GMA Music, “Pwedeng Tayo” penned by Davey Langit, Edwin Marollano, Jonathan Manalo and Vehnee Saturno on July 9, 2020. On its release, “Pwedeng Tayo” made it to iTunes PH Top 10 charts. he teamed up with Starstruck season 7 alumna Athena Madrid for", "title": "Anthony Rosaldo" }, { "docid": "40273919", "text": "Gene Pitney Sings World Wide Winners is American singer Gene Pitney's fourth album, released on the Musicor label in 1963. The album mainly comprised material released on Pitney's first two albums, plus two non-album single tracks: \"Louisiana Mama\" and \"Mr. Moon, Mr. Cupid & I\", and one previously unreleased track: \"Garden of Love\". The album reached #41 on the US Billboard album chart, and was on the chart for 29 weeks. Track listing All tracks composed by Gene Pitney; except where indicated Side 1 \"Mr. Moon, Mr. Cupid & I\" – 2:15 (Non-album B-side of the \"Every Breath I Take\" single) \"Only Love Can Break a Heart\" (Hal David, Burt Bacharach) – 2:52 (from Only Love Can Break a Heart) \"If I Didn't Have a Dime\" (Bert Russell, Phil Medley) – 2:31 (from Only Love Can Break a Heart) \"(The Man Who Shot) Liberty Valance\" (Hal David, Burt Bacharach) – 3:00 (from Only Love Can Break a Heart) \"Louisiana Mama\" – 2:20 (Non-album single A-side) \"Every Breath I Take\" (Gerry Goffin, Carole King) – 2:46 (from The Many Sides of Gene Pitney) Side 2 \"Tower Tall\" (Mel Mandel, Norman Sachs) – 3:21 (from Only Love Can Break a Heart) \"Hello Mary Lou\" – 2:15 (from The Many Sides of Gene Pitney) \"Half Heaven – Half Heartache\" (Aaron Schroeder, George Goehring, Wally Gold) – 2:50 (from Only Love Can Break a Heart) \"Garden of Love\" – 1:45 (non-single LP debut) \"Town Without Pity\" (Dimitri Tiomkin, Ned Washington) – 2:53 (from The Many Sides of Gene Pitney) \"(I Wanna) Love My Life Away\" – 1:53 (from The Many Sides of Gene Pitney) References 1963 albums Gene Pitney albums Musicor Records albums", "title": "Gene Pitney Sings World Wide Winners" }, { "docid": "3832645", "text": "Carl Edward Dobkins Jr. (January 13, 1941 – April 8, 2020) was an American singer and songwriter, best known for his 1959 hit, \"My Heart Is an Open Book\", which went to No.3 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. The record sold over one million copies, resulting in the award of a gold disc. Life and career Dobkins was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, the son of Helen and Carl Dobkins. He was from a musical family, and learned the ukulele and guitar as a child. He started writing songs in his teens, and began singing at local events. The Seniors, Dobkins' backup group, included Keith Ross, Paul Powers, Harry Clifton and Bill Smith. The Seniors first met with a common interest in singing at Nast Memorial Methodist Church in Cincinnati. The group sang together for approximately eight years. Dobkins and the Seniors were promoted by Gil Sheppard, a local Cincinnati radio disc jockey, who noted the young singer's early high school compositions and a two-song demo record. This led to a recording contract with Fraternity Records, who released their first record. After recording \"If You Don't Want My Lovin'\" at King Records studios, Sheppard sold the master recording to Decca Records. Dobkins then recorded sessions for Decca in Nashville, Tennessee, which included \"My Heart is an Open Book\" in 1959, which reached No. 3 on the pop chart and number 11 on the R&B chart. He also served in the United States Army Reserve for six months. When reissued, \"If You Don't Want My Lovin'\" reached number 67 later the same year. Dobkins had two other Hot 100 entries: \"Lucky Devil\" (number 25, 1959), and \"Exclusively Yours\" (number 62, 1960). Dobkins was featured frequently at Castle Farms, and on television for the Bob Braun Show (WLW-T, Cincinnati). He appeared fourteen times as a guest on Dick Clark's American Bandstand, and toured with such singers as Bobby Vee, Frankie Avalon, and Jan & Dean. He continued to perform at oldies festivals for some years. He was inducted into the Cincinnati Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, and the Rockabilly Hall of Fame. Personal life Dobkins attended Hughes High School in the late 1950s, but moved to Mt Healthy High School graduating in 1959. Dobkins married Janice Cox in 1960 and had two daughters, six grandchildren, and five great-grand children. He died on April 8, 2020, at the age of 79. Discography Fraternity F-794 – January 1958 – \"Take Hold of My Hand\" / \"That's Why I'm Asking\" Decca 9-30656 – May 1958 – \"If You Don't Want My Lovin'\" / \"Love is Everything\" – US No. 67 Decca 9-30803 – December 1958 – \"My Heart Is an Open Book\" / \"My Pledge to You\" – US No. 3 Decca ED 2664 – August 1959 – \"If You Don't Want My Lovin'\" / \"Love is Everything\" / \"My Heart Is an Open Book\" / \"My Pledge to You\" Decca 9-31020 – November 1959 – \"Lucky Devil\" / \"(There's a Little Song a-Singing)", "title": "Carl Dobkins Jr." }, { "docid": "23045775", "text": "\"Bridge to Your Heart\" is a song by Wax from their second studio album American English (1987). In many European countries the song was released under the title \"Building a Bridge to Your Heart\". The song became the group's most popular single in their home country of the United Kingdom, reaching No. 12 on the UK Singles Chart and reaching the top ten in other European countries such as the Netherlands and Sweden. Background In March 1987, band members Andrew Gold and Graham Gouldman started writing and recording songs for the follow-up to their debut album Magnetic Heaven, American English. One of these songs was \"Bridge to Your Heart\". The song was later released as the album's second single on 6 July 1987, on RCA Records. The song then debuted at No. 98 on the UK Singles Chart, and slowly rose to its peak position of No. 12 on the chart, where it remained for three consecutive weeks. The song instantly became their breakout hit, and the American English album became the duo's first and only album to chart in the UK, peaking at No. 59 on the UK Albums Chart. The song became their only UK top 40 hit, making them a one-hit wonder there. Their only song after the release of \"Bridge to Your Heart\" to chart was \"Anchors Aweigh\", which barely scraped the top 100 of the UK Singles Chart, peaking at No. 95 on the chart. In Europe, the song was also a hit reaching top 10 and top 20 in a number of countries. Music and lyrics The song opens with Gold counting from one to two, backed by drums; he then restarts the countdown, counting to four – \"hold it… NOW!\". A majority of the song features Gold singing, backed by drums and pop-influenced music. The song also features a horn section, opened by Gold shouting \"Horn!\". The section starts after the song's final verse. The song's lyrics talk about a failed relationship between a man and a woman, the man trying to rekindle the relationship by promising the woman a new beginning, and that he will treat her better (\"I can't give you a written guarantee I won't make you sad / but I'll be on my best behavior\"). He then states on the chorus that he is \"building a bridge\" to the woman's heart. Music video The song's music video, directed by Storm Thorgerson, was released in 1987 and featured stop-motion animation, with shifting backgrounds and some scenes with more traditional animation. These scenes follow the context of the song's lyrics. Animation By Klasky-Csupo, Inc. The video received some MTV airplay, including \"Weird Al\" Yankovic's AL-TV special. Formats and track listings German 7\" single A \"Bridge to Your Heart\" – 3:51 B \"Ready or Not\" – 3:31 German maxi-12\" single A \"Bridge to Your Heart\" (The Unabridged version) – 5:15 B1 \"Bridge to Your Heart\" (7\" version) – 3:51 B2 \"Ready or Not\" – 3:31 UK/Australian 7\" single A \"Bridge to Your", "title": "Bridge to Your Heart" }, { "docid": "6678290", "text": "Wee Sing is a songbook series published by Price Stern Sloan. It would also inspire a series of children's CDs, cassettes, coloring books, toys, videos, and apps. Wee Sing Home Videos Wee Sing Together (1985) Sally gets a surprise when her two favorite stuffed animals, Melody Mouse with lavender pink-colored body (dressed up as a purple and white ballerina) and Hum Bear with tan-colored body magically come to life and take her, along with her brother Jonathan and their dog Bingo to the magical Wee Sing Park for Sally's birthday party, where they meet a marching band. They sing and dance and learn how to conquer their fears when a storm hits. Songs \"The More Wee Sing Together\" (tune: \"The More We Get Together\") \"Skidamarink\" \"Head and Shoulders\" \"The Finger Band\" \"Walking Walking\" \"Rickety Tickety\" \"Little Peter Rabbit\" \"I'm a Little Teapot\" \"The Alphabet Song\" \"BINGO\" \"Sally's Wearing a Red Dress\" \"Old MacDonald Had a Farm\" \"Looby Loo\" Medley: \"Rain, Rain, Go Away\"/\"There is Thunder\" \"Eensy Weensy Spider\" \"If You're Happy and You Know It\" \"Reach for the Sky\" \"My Name and Address\" \"Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star\" \"Teddy Bear\" \"The More We Sing Together\" (Reprise) King Cole's Party (1987) Jack, Jill, Mary, and Little Boy Blue journey toward King Cole's palace to join him and his other subjects in celebrating 100 years of peace in the kingdom, bringing various gifts: a kitten, a pair of mittens, and a fuzzy blanket, among other things. The main message is that the best gifts come from the heart, but it also teaches the importance of helping others and using good manners. This was the only Wee Sing video shot on film rather than videotape. Songs \"Old King Cole\" \"Betty Botter\" \"Pat-a-Cake\" \"Polly, Put the Kettle On\" \"Sing a Song of Sixpence\" \"Pease Porridge Hot\" \"Jack and Jill\" \"Mary Had a Little Lamb\" \"Little Boy Blue\" \"Walking Chant\" \"Six Little Ducks\" \"There Was a Crooked Man\" \"Wibbleton to Wobbleton\" \"Sea-Saw Sac-Ra-Down\" \"This Old Man\" \"Humpty Dumpty\" \"Little Bo Peep\" \"Little Jack Horner\" \"Jack Sprat\" \"Little Miss Muffet\" \"Rub a Dub Dub\" \"Jack Be Nimble\" \"Little Tommy Tucker\" \"Peter Piper\" \"Old King Cole\" (Reprise) Grandpa's Magical Toys (1988) A boy named Peter and his friends, David and Sara, visit his grandfather and discover his many toys (including Punchinello) and their secrets, all in the search of a missing music box key that he misplaced. When his grandfather leaves the room, David bumps into a music box which shrinks them, and the toys come to life. This story encourages children and adults alike that no matter how old you are on the outside or what body type you have, you can always stay young at heart. Songs \"Good Morning\" \"Punchinello\" \"A Sailor Went to Sea, Sea, Sea\" \"Long Legged Sailor\" \"The Muffin Man\" \"One Potato\" Medley: \"Pretty Little Dutch Girl\"/\"I Love Coffee, I Love Tea\" Medley: \"Mabel, Mabel\"/\"Miss, Miss\" \"The Farmer in the Dell\" \"Did You Ever See a Lassie?\" \"The Hokey Pokey\" \"Who Stole the", "title": "Wee Sing" }, { "docid": "20580938", "text": "Talentime is a 2009 Malaysian Malay-language drama film written and directed by Yasmin Ahmad. Yasmin, in her blog, has described it \"as a story full of joy and pain, hope and despair, a host of beautifully-written songs, and rich characters\". A Hindu open cremation and a scene reminiscent of the 2001 Kampung Medan riots are included in the film. The film was released on 26 March 2009 in Malaysia and marks Yasmin's last feature film prior to her death on 25 July 2009. Plot \"The music teacher, who is herself a great performer is organising an inter-school talentime. Through the days of auditions, rehearsals and preparations, running up to the big day of the contest, the characters get embroiled in a world of heightened emotions - ambition, jealousy, human comedy, romance, heartbreak - all of which culminate in a day of great music and performances.\" Yasmin also mentioned that the idea behind Talentime was that as humans, we have to go through a lot of pain and some measure of suffering before we can reach greater heights. A talent search competition has matched two hearts - that of Melur, a Malay-mixed girl and an Indian male student, Mahesh. Melur, with her melodious voice, singing whilst playing the piano is one of the seven finalists of the Talentime competition of her school organised by Cikgu Adibah. Likewise Hafiz, enthralling with his vocalist talent while playing the guitar, dividing his time between school and mother, who is hospitalised for brain tumor. It all started after Mahesh, amongst the students assigned to get the finalists to school for practice, delivered the notice of successful audition to Melur's house. His handsome looks attracted the girl. Early on in their relationship, tragedy struck Mahesh's family when his uncle Ganesh who had been the care-taker of the family since the loss of Mahesh's father, was stabbed to death on his wedding day. Melur thinking that Mahesh's silence was due to his grief over the tragedy became furious when she was continuously ignored. She regretted it however after Hafiz revealed Mahesh's situation. That changed Melur's perception of Mahesh. Likewise Mahesh, who grew comfortable with the presence of the girl who often quotes beautiful poetry. Mahesh, realising that the relationship will be opposed, kept it hidden from his mother, still grieving over the death of Ganesh. At last, the secret was exposed and Mahesh was assaulted before Melur's very eyes. Just a day before the competition, is Melur resilient enough to sing the poetic lyrics of her song when her heart is tormented by the thoughts of Mahesh? What about Mahesh who has found his first love? On Talentime night, everything unfolds. Cast Mahesh Jugal Kishor as Mahesh, a hearing impaired Indian boy who becomes Melur's love interest. Pamela Chong as Melur, a Eurasian girl in the Talentime finals who sings and plays the piano. Syafie Naswip as Hafiz, a Malay boy in the Talentime finals who sings and plays the guitar. Jaclyn Victor as Bhavani, Mahesh's elder", "title": "Talentime" }, { "docid": "33820186", "text": "\"Why This Kolaveri Di\" () is a song from the soundtrack of the 2012 Tamil psychological thriller film 3, starring Dhanush and Shruthi Hassan. The song is written and sung by Dhanush, and composed by Anirudh Ravichander. The song was officially released on 16 November 2011 and instantly became popular on social networking sites for its quirky \"Tanglish\" (portmanteau word of Tamil and English) lyrics. Soon, the song became the most searched YouTube video in India and an internet phenomenon across Asia. Within a few weeks, YouTube honoured the video with a '\"Recently Most Popular\" Gold Medal award and \"Trending\" silver medal award for receiving many hits in a short time. Following its huge success and nationwide popularity, Dhanush, the singer of the original track, was invited by then-Prime Minister Manmohan Singh as a \"Guest of Honour\". Creation According to composer Anirudh Ravichander, the film's director Aishwarya R. Dhanush wanted a light-hearted song about love failure. Ravichander quickly composed the tune in about 10 minutes. Dhanush then began working on the lyrics, which he completed in about 20 minutes of brainstorming. The first line he sang was \"Why This Kolaveri?\" which means \"Why do you have this murderous rage against me girl?\" The question, however, is not intended seriously. In a party to The Times of India, Dhanush said: \"When I was writing down the lyrics, I kept in mind all the English words that are used in the Tamil vocabulary. Words like I, you, me, how, why, cow. I just framed them into sentences and thats how I came up with the song.\" Dhanush sang the song in broken English, as a Tamil person might if his knowledge of English was limited. The song is also called a 'Soup' song, where 'Soup' (as in 'crying in [same]') is a colloquial Tamil word which refers to young men experiencing depression after love failure in a love relationship. The song was recorded at A. R. Rahman's AM Studios in Chennai. The Sound Engineer for this song is Siva Kumar S (Chief Audio Engineer), Panchathan Record Inn and AM Studios. The song was officially released after it was known to become popular after an accidental release on to the internet. Composition A downtempo song, \"Why This Kolaveri Di\" has been built around an ancient south Indian folk rhythm using ancient folk instruments. He used the nadaswaram, shehnai, saxophone urumee and thavil drums, acoustic guitar, keyboards mixed with electronic synths and scratches. The instruments utilize the singing style of Tamil folk culture. The composer added a crescendo to make the instrumentation become more layered. The words of the song are in a simple form of Tanglish, a mixture of Tamil and English. The song creates an imagery of an Indian boy who has gone through love failure. While singing, Dhanush creates a tone of being drunk, when he repeatedly asks why she (refers to Shruti Haasan's character) hurt him. The words have been described as \"nonsensical\" by some and an evocation of \"Tamil", "title": "Why This Kolaveri Di" }, { "docid": "8448270", "text": "Cherie Bennett (born 1960 in Buffalo, New York) is an American novelist, actress, director, playwright, newspaper columnist, singer, and television writer on the CBS Daytime soap opera The Young and the Restless. Biography Bennett attended Wayne State University, and then the University of Michigan in the early 1980s, as a musical theatre major. She worked as an actress, doing national musical tours, regional theatre productions including Mark Medoff's When You Comin' Back, Red Ryder? and a well-reviewed turn in the off-Broadway revival of Tennessee Williams' Twenty-Seven Wagons Full of Cotton. She headed her own improv comedy trio, Zaniac, and performed as a vocalist, singing backup for John Mellencamp and in her play, Honk Tonk Angels. Bennett lives in Los Angeles with her son. Her pseudonyms are C.J. Anders and Carrie Austen. For many years, she wrote frequently with Jeff Gottesfeld, with whom she shared the Zoey Dean pseudonym. She and Gottesfeld are divorced. Her father was a writer for such shows as The Twilight Zone, Route 66, and Sid Caesar's Your Show of Shows. Since June 2011, she's been the Artistic Director at Amusings Productions in Sherman Oaks. Television credits The Young and the Restless (hired by Lynn Marie Latham; fired by Maria Arena Bell) Script Writer: December 14, 2006 - December 21, 2007; March 18 - August 19, 2008 Associate Head Writer: July 2007 - December 21, 2007; March 18 - July 10, 2008 As the World Turns (hired by Hogan Sheffer) Breakdown Writer: 2005 Port Charles (hired by Lynn Marie Latham) Story Consultant: 1998 Another World Story Consultant: 1997 Girls Got Game: 2006 Smallville: 2001 - 2002 Books Book Series Sunset Island (forty-one book series) Dawson's Creek (seven original novels) Mirror Image (four book series) Hope Hospital (three book series) Six Book Series University Hospital Wild Hearts Teen Angels Trash Pageant Other Books Turn Me On (July 2007) Girls in Love Zink Life in the Fat Lane A Heart Divided Anne Frank and Me Searching for David's Heart Plays John Lennon And Me Sex And Rage In A SoHo Loft Life In The Fat Lane Zink Searching for David's Heart A Heart Divided Cyra And Rocky Reviving Ophelia (adapted from the book by Dr. Mary Pipher) Films Broken Bridges (Writer: 2006) Newspaper column \"Hey, Cherie!\" (Weekly teen advice column through Copley News Service) Awards and nominations Daytime Emmy: Outstanding Drama Series Writing Team, 2008 Macy's Prize For Playwriting: Reviving Ophelia, 2005–2006 Humanitas Award: Best children's film for television (Searching For David's Heart, 2005) American Library Association: Best Books For Young Adults, 2005 nominee (A Heart Divided) International Reading Association: Young Adult Readers' Choice, Anne Frank And Me, 2003 American Alliance of Theater And Education UPR, 2000 winner (David's Heart) American Library Association: Best Books For Young Adults, 1999 References External links Hachette Book Group USA: Bennett Publishers Weekly: Bennett Greenwich Times: Bennett's Column Smart Writers Interview TeenReads 2003 Interview American women columnists American women novelists 20th-century American novelists American soap opera writers Screenwriters from New York (state) Daytime", "title": "Cherie Bennett" }, { "docid": "1672668", "text": "Jessica Danielle Andrews Chagnon (born December 29, 1983) is an American country music singer. At age 15 in mid-1999, she made her debut on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts with the single \"I Will Be There for You\", from her debut album Heart Shaped World, released in 1999 on DreamWorks Records Nashville. Andrews had her biggest chart success in 2001 with the song \"Who I Am\", a No. 1 country hit and the title track of her second studio album, which was certified gold in the United States. A third album, Now was released in 2003 to lower sales, while a fourth album (tentatively titled Ain't That Life) was never released due to DreamWorks' closure. In late 2008, Andrews signed to Carolwood Records, an imprint of Lyric Street Records, however, she was dropped from the label in 2009 without issuing an album. Andrews has been married to Nashville songwriter Marcel since 2011. Early life Jessica Danielle Andrews was born in Huntingdon, Tennessee, to parents Jessie and Vicki Andrews. When she was seven, a bone was growing through her spinal cord, a condition that required surgery. She had a 50/50 chance of coming out of it paralyzed. Andrews discovered her passion for singing in the fourth grade. Andrews planned on dancing in her school's talent show, but her sister convinced her to sing Dolly Parton's \"I Will Always Love You\" instead. At 11, she put her first band together. Meanwhile, after someone sent a song of her singing to producer Byron Gallimore, Andrews signed with DreamWorks Records Nashville and soon began working on her first album. Prior to its release, she began opening for Faith Hill on her Fall 1998 tour, as well as for Tim McGraw (also produced by Gallimore) for his New Year's Eve concert. Career Heart Shaped World At the age of 15, Andrews released her debut album, Heart Shaped World. Gallimore, who was sensitive to her age, let her record 50 songs before settling on the 12 that appear on the album. Serving as its debut single was \"I Will Be There for You\", which Andrews had recorded in November 1998 for the Nashville soundtrack to the DreamWorks Animation film The Prince of Egypt. The song reached No. 28 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts in 1999. In March of that year, she also performed the song on an episode of the soap opera Another World; One month later, she made her debut on the Grand Ole Opry. Also in 2000, she toured with Trisha Yearwood. Heart Shaped World also produced two more Top 40 country singles in \"You Go First (Do You Wanna Kiss)\" and \"Unbreakable Heart\", although the fourth single (\"I Do Now\") failed to reach Top 40. The album itself peaked at No. 24 on the Top Country Albums charts. Andrews was also featured on the premiere episode of On the Verge, a television series on CMT which followed the", "title": "Jessica Andrews" }, { "docid": "39183912", "text": "\"Lacey\" is the 19th episode of the second season of the American ABC fantasy/drama television series Once Upon a Time, and the show's 41st episode overall. It aired on April 21, 2013. In this episode, Mr. Gold goes on a date with Belle. In flashbacks, Rumpelstiltskin forces Belle to accompany him on his search to catch a thief. It was co-written by Edward Kitsis and Adam Horowitz, while being directed by Milan Cheylov. Plot Opening Sequence Robin Hood shooting an arrow in the forest is featured. In the Characters' Past In the Enchanted Forest, soon after Belle has gone to live with Rumplestiltstkin, she cries at night and he gives her a pillownot for comfort, but to stifle her sobs. They are interrupted by the sound of an intruder. Rumple captures a thief (Tom Ellis) who is trying to steal a magic wand, after being unharmed by the thief's magically unerring bow and arrow. Rumple locks him up and plans to torture him to death as an example to others. Belle fails to persuade him to let the thief go, so she releases him herself. He invites her to run away with him, but she stands by her pledge to serve Rumple. Rumple is enraged, and then shows Belle that the thief took the wand when he left. Belle still has faith in the possibility that the thief is a good person, saying that Rumple can't know a person's heart without truly knowing the person. Rumple demands Belle accompany him in hunting down the thief with his own bow. The two later track the thief to Sherwood Forest, where the Sheriff of Nottingham (Wil Traval) reveals, after Rumple magically takes his tongue when the man asks to have his way with Belle in exchange for information, that the thief is his own nemesis, Robin Hood, who stole his love. When Rumple and Belle finally see Robin Hood from a distance, Rumple magically imprisons Belle in the ground to force her to watch as he kills him. But after Robin Hood uses the wand to heal his pregnant and apparently deathly ill lover, Marian (Christie Laing), Belle begs Rumple not to leave the child fatherless. Rumple \"misses\" with his arrow and lets the couple escape. Receiving a warm hug from Belle for his change of heart, Rumple later delights her with access to his vast library, flippantly calling it just another room for her to clean. In Storybrooke During a dream, Mr. Gold is holding a birthday party for Henry in front of family: David (Josh Dallas), Mary Margaret (Ginnifer Goodwin), Emma Swan (Jennifer Morrison), and Neal (Michael Raymond-James). When Henry picks a wand as his gift, Mr. Gold turns him into a porcelain puppet and faces the wrath of the family. As he explains what the Seer told him, that \"the boy would be [his] undoing,\" he smashes the porcelain Henry, only to wake up from what turns out to be a nightmare. As Mr. Gold later watches Neal practice", "title": "Lacey (Once Upon a Time)" }, { "docid": "5422649", "text": "Donna Jean Thatcher Godchaux-MacKay (born August 22, 1947) is an American singer who was a member of the Grateful Dead from 1972 until 1979. Biography Donna Jean Thatcher was born in Florence, Alabama. Prior to 1970, she had worked as a session singer in Muscle Shoals, Alabama, eventually singing with a group called Southern Comfort and appearing as a backup singer on at least two #1 hit songs: \"When a Man Loves a Woman\" by Percy Sledge in 1966 and \"Suspicious Minds\" by Elvis Presley in 1969. Her vocals were featured on other classic recordings by Boz Scaggs and Duane Allman, Cher, Joe Tex, Neil Diamond and many others. She then moved to California and met future fellow Grateful Dead member Keith Godchaux, whom she married in 1970. Donna introduced Keith to Jerry Garcia after Garcia's performance at San Francisco's Keystone Korner in September 1971. At the time, Donna Jean was not working as a musician. She joined the band shortly afterwards, remaining a member until February 1979. Donna Jean provided backing and lead vocals in the group's music. During their membership in the Grateful Dead, the couple also issued the mostly self-written Keith & Donna album in 1975 with Jerry Garcia as a Keith and Donna Band member. In turn, they performed as part of the Jerry Garcia Band. Godchaux possesses a mezzo-soprano vocal range. Keith and Donna's son, Zion \"Rock\" Godchaux of BoomBox, was born in 1974. After the Grateful Dead, the couple started the Heart of Gold Band. Donna did not perform again with any Grateful Dead band members until after the death of Jerry Garcia. Shortly after her husband's death in 1980, she married bassist David MacKay (former Fiddleworms member and bassist for the Donna Jean Godchaux Band) and the couple moved to her childhood town of Florence, Alabama, to record at the Muscle Shoals Sound Studio. In 2009, Donna Jean formed a brand new band, the Donna Jean Godchaux Band, with Jeff Mattson (of Phil Lesh and Friends, Zen Tricksters, and Dark Star Orchestra), after re-entering the music scene with Mattson and Mookie Siegel (of David Nelson Band, Phil Lesh and Friends, and Ratdog) to form Kettle Joe's Psychedelic Swamp Revue, later known as Donna Jean & the Tricksters. She occasionally makes guest appearances with Bob Weir & RatDog, Zero & Steve Kimock, New Riders of the Purple Sage, Dark Star Orchestra and Dead & Company. She also continues to be involved in archival Grateful Dead projects. In 1994, Donna Jean was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the Grateful Dead. She resides in Killen, Alabama, and remains an active member of the Muscle Shoals music scene when not touring with the Donna Jean Godchaux Band with Jeff Mattson. Discography As group leader or co-leader Keith & Donna – Keith and Donna Godchaux – 1975 Playing in the Heart of Gold Band – The Ghosts – 1984 The Heart of Gold Band – The Heart of Gold Band", "title": "Donna Jean Godchaux" }, { "docid": "2859057", "text": "\"This Is How a Heart Breaks\" is the second single from Matchbox Twenty frontman Rob Thomas's debut album, ...Something to Be (2005). Released in June 2005, the song was moderately successful on the charts, peaking at number 52 in the United States and number 13 in Australia. It was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for selling over 500,000 copies, and in 2006, it was nominated for a Grammy for Best Rock Vocal Performance, Solo. Music video The video, directed by Pedro Romhanyi, begins with images of New York City before cutting to Thomas singing as he walks along the street. He suddenly sees someone and runs away, chased through the New York streets by this individual. As the video progresses, Thomas escapes from the pursuer and sings a few lines while walking along another part of the city. Just as he finishes the second verse, the hooded pursuer catches up again and Thomas runs through a bar, escaping through the bar's basement door. Thomas loses the pursuer again and goes into an elevator in another building. Once the elevator opens, he runs up the stairs to the fire exit and when gets to the rooftop where he encounters the pursuer chasing again. The chase continues again as Thomas tries to climb down a fire escape only to fall into a trash pile at the bottom. Thomas then runs on top of some parked cars only to run into a fence which he can't climb. Cornered, Thomas finds himself face to face with the chaser. As the video ends we get a very quick glimpse of the pursuer's face, who reveals himself as Rob Thomas, meaning Thomas was chasing himself for the whole video. Track listings US maxi-CD single \"This Is How a Heart Breaks\" (That Kid Chris club mix) – 9:47 \"This Is How a Heart Breaks\" (Ford club mix) – 7:31 \"This Is How a Heart Breaks\" (Pull Defibrillator mix) – 6:31 \"This Is How a Heart Breaks\" (B&B club mix) – 6:22 \"This Is How a Heart Breaks\" (Ford dub mix) – 7:31 UK CD single \"This Is How a Heart Breaks\" \"Lonely No More\" UK DVD single \"This Is How a Heart Breaks\" \"This Is How a Heart Breaks\" (5.1 Surround Sound mix) \"I Am an Illusion\" (courtesy of Yahoo! Music) \"This Is How a Heart Breaks\" (video) Australian CD single \"This Is How a Heart Breaks\" \"Lonely No More\" (courtesy of Yahoo! Music) \"I Am an Illusion\" (courtesy of Yahoo! Music) Credits and personnel Credits are adapted from the Australian CD single liner notes and the ...Something to Be booklet. Studios Recorded at The Hit Factory (New York City), BiCoastal Music (Ossining, New York), Conway Studios, and Henson Studios (Los Angeles) Mixed at The Hit Factory (New York City) Mastered at Gateway Mastering (Portland, Maine, US) Personnel Rob Thomas – writing, vocals Wendy Melvoin – guitar Jeff Trott – guitar Kevin Kadish – guitar Mike Elizondo – bass Matt Serletic –", "title": "This Is How a Heart Breaks" }, { "docid": "73755451", "text": "City of Gold is the fourth studio album by American bluegrass singer and musician Molly Tuttle. Released on July 21, 2023, it is Tuttle's second album for Nonesuch Records and features her band Golden Highway, who also receive star billing. A follow-up to their 2022 project Crooked Tree, the album was co-produced by Tuttle and dobro player Jerry Douglas and includes a collaboration with Dave Matthews. Songwriting collaborators include Melody Walker, Golden Highway member Shelby Means and Old Crow Medicine Show's Ketch Secor and Mason Via. The project was inspired by Tuttle's year of touring with Golden Highway and their having grown closer and more cohesive as a band. It was preceded by the singles \"El Dorado\", \"Next Rodeo\" and \"San Joaquin\". It won the Grammy Award for Best Bluegrass Album at the 66th Annual Grammy Awards. Background The album was announced on April 27, 2023, alongside the release of the lead single \"El Dorado\". In a press release reflecting on the album, Tuttle explained “When I was a kid, we took a field trip to Coloma, CA to learn about the gold rush. I’ll never forget the dusty hills and the grizzled old miner who showed us the nugget around his neck. Just like gold fever, music has always captivated me, captured my heart, and driven me to great lengths to explore its depths. On my new album I dug deep as a songwriter and co-producer and surfaced with a record that celebrates the music of my heart, my life, the land where I grew up, and the stories I heard along the way. I made this record with my band Golden Highway after playing over 100 shows across the country last year. On the road and in the studio, we are inspired by artists such as John Hartford, Gillian Welch and Peter Rowan to name a few, whose records are like family albums to us. Just like them, on this album we chart some new territory along some old familiar ground. The songs span from breakdowns to ballads, fairytales and fiddle tunes, from Yosemite up to the Gold Country and out beyond the mountains. That visit to Coloma, site of California’s first gold strike is where I first heard about El Dorado, the city of gold. Playing music can take you to a place that is just as precious. I hope you like this record!” The second track to be released from the album was \"Next Rodeo\", which premiered alongside its official music video on June 15, 2023. Describing the song, Tuttle stated \"my song 'Next Rodeo' is all about traveling from show to show and chasing down a dream.\" \"San Joaquin\" was released as the album's third single on June 29. Of the song, Tuttle explained, \"I've always loved singing songs about trains and this one takes place in my home state of California. Ketch and I had the idea for writing ‘San Joaquin’ while looking at a map of different train lines that run through the", "title": "City of Gold (Molly Tuttle album)" }, { "docid": "9203973", "text": "\"What Have You Done\" is the first single from Dutch symphonic metal band Within Temptation's fourth studio album The Heart of Everything (2007). The song features guest vocals from Life of Agony's lead singer Mina Caputo and it was released as the album's first single in early 2007 (see 2007 in music). It became their first charting single in Canada and in the United States. A new edit and version of the song was released in the US through iTunes on 26 June 2007. Music video There are two music videos for \"What Have You Done\". In the first video, Sharon den Adel is a spy. Mina Caputo is an FBI agent who has been assigned the task of capturing den Adel. They were formerly lovers, but an unconfirmed issue rose between them, causing them to separate. Caputo searches the world for Adel before finally locating her singing with the band in a bar in Thailand; however, she is thrown out by the bouncer and is refused re-entry. Den Adel stands behind the bouncer, grinning suspiciously. She makes her way through a jungle in the next scene, with Caputo following her. After reaching a cliff with no escape, den Adel faces Caputo and whispers \"I love you.\" She turns and jumps off the cliff. Although Caputo is under the impression that den Adel did not survive the fall, at the end she is lying on rocks, smiling. In the alternative video, den Adel seems to be leaving an abusive partner. Her partner is left behind in a house, and trashes it, smashing mirrors and vases. This video has a more sinister and dark atmosphere present. This video also contains footage of Caputo, although not together with any member of Within Temptation. The first video was quickly replaced by this version. The band stated that they wanted to replace the video because the \"band shots were too dark and the 'jungle' part didn't look very convincing.\" Only the second version was released on DVD with the special edition of The Heart of Everything and with Black Symphony. A new edit of this version was also used to promote the single in the United States. Live versions \"What Have You Done\" (feat. Mina Caputo) was also released as a live version on the band's Black Symphony release. Roadrunner Records USA/Australia used this version to promote Black Symphony before its release. This recording with the Metropole Orchestra in Ahoy, Rotterdam, 2008 was one of the two only live performances of the song in which Mina Caputo sang along live (the other one being at the Dauwpop festival in 2007). In other performances, the band plays a video of Mina Caputo singing on screen and encourages the audience to sing the parts. In acoustic performances of this song, as found on the \"Frozen\" maxi-single and the special edition of The Heart of Everything, Caputo's vocals are absent and Sharon den Adel sings Caputo's parts as well. On the live album An Acoustic Night at", "title": "What Have You Done" }, { "docid": "1229229", "text": "Spice is the debut studio album by English girl group the Spice Girls, released in Japan on 19 September 1996 and in the United Kingdom on 4 November 1996 by Virgin Records. The album was recorded between 1995 and 1996 at Olympic Studios in Barnes, London, and Strongroom Studios in Shoreditch, London, by producers Matt Rowe and Richard Stannard, and the production duo Absolute. Spice is a pop album that incorporates styles such as dance, R&B and hip hop. It is considered to be the record that brought teen pop back, opening the doors for a wave of teen pop artists. Conceptually, the album centered on the idea of Girl Power, and the hype surrounding the group was compared to Beatlemania. A worldwide commercial success, Spice topped the charts in more than 17 countries across the world, and was certified Multi-Platinum in 27 countries, Platinum in 14 countries and Gold in three countries, including 10-times Platinum in the United Kingdom and Canada, eight-times Platinum in Europe, and seven-times Platinum in the United States. It became the world's top-selling album of 1997, selling 19 million copies in over a year. The album has sold a total of 23 million copies worldwide, becoming the best-selling album in music history by a girl group and one of the best-selling albums of all time. Four singles were released from the album. The lead single, \"Wannabe\", reached number one in 37 countries, becoming one of the best-selling singles of all time as of 2010 by selling over six million copies worldwide. The next two singles, \"Say You'll Be There\" and \"2 Become 1\", reached number one in 53 countries. \"Who Do You Think You Are\" was released as the official Comic Relief single in the UK as a double A-side with \"Mama\" and both songs reached the top 20 in charts across Europe, Australia and New Zealand. In the band's native UK, all four singles went to number one on the UK Singles Chart and, on the Billboard Hot 100, the album spawned three top-five singles. Background In February 1994, Chris and Bob Herbert, who together with financer Chic Murphy traded under the business name of Heart Management, placed an advert in The Stage magazine, which asked the question: \"Are you street smart, extrovert, ambitious, and able to sing and dance?\". The management received hundreds of replies, but eventually reduced their search down to a final group of five girls: Victoria Beckham, Mel B, Melanie C, Geri Halliwell and Michelle Stephenson. The new band was originally called Touch and moved to a house in Maidenhead. Emma Bunton was the last to join after Stephenson dropped out when her mother became ill. The group felt insecure about the lack of contract and were frustrated by the direction in which Heart Management was steering them. In October 1994, armed with a catalog of demos and dance routines, the group began touring management agencies. They started to meet with producers, musicians and other business executives, among which were", "title": "Spice (album)" }, { "docid": "31452247", "text": "Jaume Ferrer (, fl. 1346) was a Majorcan sailor and explorer. He sailed from Majorca on 10 August 1346 to find the legendary \"River of Gold,\" but the outcome of his quest and his fate are unknown. He is memorialized in his native city of Palma, Majorca. Expedition Very little is known about Jaume Ferrer except that he was a Majorcan captain who set out in a galley in 1346 and sailed down the West African coast in an attempt to reach the legendary \"River of Gold\". The results of this expedition, including whether Ferrer survived the journey, are unknown. Some recent research tentatively identifies Jaume Ferrer as \"Giacomino Ferrar di Casa Maveri\", a second generation Genoese immigrant in Majorca. Virtually the only information for his expedition is the depiction and note given in the Catalan Atlas of 1375, attributed to the Majorcan cartographer Abraham Cresques (correct patronymic: Cresques Abraham). In the bottom-left corner of the map there is a brightly-painted Aragonese-flagged vessel and a note indicating merely that \"Jacme Ferrer\" set out in an uxer on 10 August 1346 to search for the \"Riu de l'Or\" (River of Gold). An uxer is a single-mast, square-rigged and oar-powered cargo galley, with rounded stern and low prow, commonly used to freight horses. The geographic position of the ship (below the Canary Islands) suggests Ferrer probably sailed past Cape Bojador, at that time the non plus ultra of navigation, beyond which European ships dared not sail. If Ferrer survived and returned, then his feat preceded, by nearly a whole century, the famous successful passage of that cape by the Portuguese explorer Gil Eanes in 1434. There is a sliver of additional information found in a note in the secret archives of the Republic of Genoa (uncovered in 1802), which refers to the expedition, noting that \"Joannis Ferne\", a Catalan, left \"the city of the Majorcans\" in a galleass on 10 July 1346 but the vessel was never heard of again, that he went searching for the Riu Auri ('River of Gold') because he heard that it was a collection point for \"aurum de paiola\" (perhaps \"gold nuggets\", but 'Paiola' has also been interpreted not as 'nugget', but as the name of a river island depicted in the 1367 Pizzigani map) that the people on the shores were all engaged in gold collection and that the river was wide and deep enough for the largest ships. The \"River of Gold\", frequently spoken of by trans-Saharan traders, was a reference to the Senegal River that flowed into the heart of the gold-producing Mali Empire. The Genoese note refers to it also by the alternative name of Vedamel – almost certainly a derivation from Arabic, probably Wad al-mal ('river of treasure') or possibly, by transcription error, Wad al-Nill ('river of Nile – the Senegal was also long known as the 'Western Nile'). Vedamel might also be the origin of Budomel, used by early Portuguese explorers in the 15th century to refer to a Wolof statelet", "title": "Jaume Ferrer" }, { "docid": "254007", "text": "Sap is the second studio EP by the American rock band Alice in Chains, released on February 4, 1992, through Columbia Records. Sap is mostly acoustic and marks the first time that guitarist Jerry Cantrell sings lead vocals in an Alice in Chains release, with the song \"Brother\". The EP was produced by Alice in Chains and Rick Parashar and features guest vocals by Ann Wilson of the band Heart, Chris Cornell of Soundgarden and Mark Arm of Mudhoney. The track \"Got Me Wrong\" became a hit two years later after being featured on the soundtrack to the 1994 film Clerks. On January 14, 1994, Sap was certified gold by the RIAA for the sale of more than 500,000 copies. Background and recording Following the tour for Facelift, Alice in Chains entered the studio to record a song for the Cameron Crowe movie Singles, but decided to turn the engagement to their advantage. As the guitarist Jerry Cantrell recalled: \"So in the session that was meant for recording that one song ['Would?'], we ended up demoing about 10 songs, which included all the stuff that ended up on the [1992] Sap EP, 'Rooster' and a couple of others from Dirt.” While in the studio, drummer Sean Kinney had a dream about \"making an EP called Sap.\" The band decided \"not to mess with fate,\" and Sap was recorded and mixed in 1991 with producer Rick Parashar at London Bridge Studio. The EP was recorded in four or five days in November 1991. Music and lyrics Lead vocalist Layne Staley encouraged guitarist Jerry Cantrell to sing lead vocals on the EP. Cantrell sings lead vocals on \"Brother\" and splits lead vocals with Staley on \"Got Me Wrong\". The EP features guest vocals by Ann Wilson from the band Heart, who joined vocalist Layne Staley and guitarist Jerry Cantrell for the choruses of \"Brother\" and \"Am I Inside\". It also features Mark Arm of Mudhoney and Chris Cornell of Soundgarden, who appeared together on the song \"Right Turn\", credited to \"Alice Mudgarden\" in the liner notes. The song was featured in the 2001 film Black Hawk Down. It was guitarist Jerry Cantrell who invited Wilson, Cornell and Arm to sing on Sap. Regarding the lyrical content, Cantrell said he wrote \"Brother\" about his relationship with his younger brother. The song specifically refers to the period after Cantrell's parents divorced, when his younger brother went off to live with his father while he stayed with his mother, and Cantrell said that the song \"was a way of trying to build a bridge.\" Commenting on \"Got Me Wrong\", Cantrell said he wrote the song about a relationship where one person thinks he or she can change the other person, and added that the song speaks of \"the different ways that men and women see each other.\" A version of the song \"Rooster\" was recorded during the sessions for Sap and was to be included on the EP, but the band then decided to use", "title": "Sap (EP)" }, { "docid": "40414857", "text": "Bunny Te Kokiri Miha Waahi Walters (31 May 1953 – 14 December 2016) was a New Zealand singer who had a number of New Zealand hits during the 1970s. He is best known for the hits \"Brandy\" and \"Take the Money and Run\". Background Of Ngāi Te Rangi descent, Walters was born and raised in Katikati, a town on the North Island of New Zealand. Career In 1969, he competed against Tui Fox at Joe Brown's at the Rotorua Soundshell during the Search for Stars event held there. Fox was singing similar material to Walters. Fox won the final with Walters coming in second. His first single, titled \"Just Out of Reach\", was released in 1969. He then released \"It's Been Too Long\" and \"Can't Keep You Out of My Heart\". During one of the talent quests, held at the Opera House in Palmerston North, he was beaten by singer Richard Turei, whose daughter Metiria Turei would later serve as co-leader of the Green Party in New Zealand. Walters made his first television appearance on Happen-Inn, a New Zealand television show. After performing at Expo 70 in Osaka, Japan, he received contracts to return to Japan. He gained considerable exposure. The New Zealand Herald reported that he may have also appeared on the Rolf Harris show in London. In 1971, he replaced Vaughan Lawrence as the resident singer on Happen-Inn. In 1972, he recorded \"Brandy\" (which reached No. 4 on the pop charts). It was reported in the edition of 4 May of The New Zealand Herald that due to the big success Walters had with \"Brandy\" that the song was to be produced in sheet music form. That same year he had a hit with Take The Money And Run\" (which reached #2). In 1973 he had a hit with \"Home Isn't Home Anymore\" (which reached #18). Also that year he had a gold disc entry with the Bernie Allen arranged \"Helena\", a Tat Meager composition also recorded that year by Leapy Lee. 1974 In 1974, Walters had a hit with a song originally recorded by Ben Thomas, written by Gary Sulsh, Stuart Leathwood, and Tony Macaulay. His version of \"The Nearest Thing To Heaven\", produced by Alan Galbraith reached No. 10 that year. In June he had toured with the Supremes. Another singer from New Zealand, Erana Clark was announced earlier to be on the same tour with Walters. That year he won two awards at the RATA awards. One was for best male vocalist and the other for best recording artist. Damage to career In October 1974 he was convicted of possessing a very small amount of marijuana and fined convicted and fined $100 for possession. This had a catastrophic effect on his career. Prior to the conviction, he was always in demand. He was getting work, being hired to perform in pubs, clubs and for certain organisations. Then as a result of falling foul of influential people he was virtually blacklisted from TV and radio. He", "title": "Bunny Walters" }, { "docid": "46326828", "text": "\"Heart of Gold\" is the eighteenth episode of the fourth season of the American fantasy drama series Once Upon a Time, which aired on April 12, 2015. In this episode, Emma Swan must deal with the truth about her parents' past with Maleficent, while she tracks down the Author, whom she must find before Gold does. As Gold's quest for his happy ending grows more urgent, he resorts to blackmailing Regina in order to help him. Nine weeks before this, Mr. Gold needs Robin's help. Back in the Enchanted Forest, Rumplestiltskin enlists Robin Hood to go to Oz to steal an elixir from Zelena. Plot Opening Sequence The Emerald City looms in the forest. In The Characters' Past Back in \"Sherwood Forest many years ago,\" Robin Hood is at his bar, when the Sheriff of Nottingham shows up and threatens his nemesis over taxes and gives him just two days to get his money in order. That night after closing, Rumplestiltskin appears with a proposition: Rumplestiltskin will solve Robin’s monetary issues, if Robin will steal something for him in return. Rumplestiltskin informs Robin that they’ll have to go to a realm called the Land of Oz to acquire a potion called the elixir of the wounded heart, which can cure hearts both physically and emotionally. Robin goes through a portal into Oz, where after the portal lands on a guard after he steps out, Robin runs into Will Scarlet, who was just captured by the aforementioned guard, and frees him. The two then agree to work together, though Will wants some of the elixir for himself. Robin then takes the guard’s clothing as a disguise and uses it to break into the Wicked Witch of the West’s palace, where he bottles some of the elixir, only to have Zelena catch him, immediately assuming he is there on Rumplestiltskin’s behalf. He narrowly escapes but lies to Will, telling him that he didn’t get to gather any of the elixir. Before Robin leaves to return to Sherwood Forest, Will tells him that he is trying to mend his own broken heart, which has been crushed since his sister died. As Robin leaves to return to his realm, Will notices that a vial of the elixir has been sneakily placed in his pocket by Robin, whose tender heart was moved by Will's tale. Back in the Sherwood Forest, Robin is in his bar all alone when the Sheriff shows up looking for his money and is ready to cuff Robin, when The Merry Men led by Little John appear with arrows ready on aim; they then steal the Sheriff’s money and distribute it to the poor townspeople. As Robin and Marian make plans to stay together on the run, he gives her the six-leaf clover of Oz, which would later be the catalyst for Marian's demise by Zelena during Emma Swan and Captain Hook's stint in the Enchanted Forest. In Storybrooke As Emma and her parents search the woods for The Author, Mary", "title": "Heart of Gold (Once Upon a Time)" }, { "docid": "58519332", "text": "Last Christmas is a 2019 romantic comedy film directed by Paul Feig and written by Bryony Kimmings and Emma Thompson, who co-wrote the story with her husband, Greg Wise. Named after the 1984 song of the same name and inspired by the music of George Michael and Wham!, the film stars Emilia Clarke as a disillusioned Christmas store worker who forms a relationship with a mysterious man (Henry Golding) and begins to fall for him; Emma Thompson and Michelle Yeoh also star. Last Christmas was theatrically released in the United States on 8 November 2019 and in the United Kingdom on 15 November 2019 by Universal Pictures. It received mixed reviews from critics, who praised the performances and chemistry of Clarke and Golding, but criticised the screenplay and story. The film grossed $123 million worldwide. Plot Young aspiring singer Katarina \"Kate\" Andrich aimlessly bounces around between her friends’ places. She works a dead-end job in Central London as an elf at a year-round Christmas shop, whose strict but good-hearted Chinese owner calls herself \"Santa\". Whilst at work, she notices and strikes up a conversation with Tom Webster, a man standing outside the store. After an unsuccessful singing audition, Kate goes for a walk with Tom, who charms her with his unusual observations of London. Upon being evicted by her oldest friend, Kate reluctantly returns home to her parents, both Yugoslavian immigrants. Her mother Petra suffers from depression, and her father Ivan, a former lawyer, works as a minicab driver. Kate feels suffocated by her mother, who dotes on her while neglecting Kate's older sister, Marta, a successful lawyer who is a lesbian but hides her sexual orientation from their parents. Kate spends more time with Tom, who makes deliveries on a bike and volunteers at a homeless shelter, which she initially mocks. Looking for him, who often disappears for days at a time and says he keeps his phone in a cupboard, she begins helping at the shelter. Kate hopes to run into him, but finds that the staff have never met him. While celebrating Marta's promotion, Kate spitefully outs Marta as a lesbian to their parents. Storming out, she then runs into Tom, who takes her back to his apartment. Kate reveals that, a year earlier, she was seriously ill and had to have a heart transplant. She says she feels half-dead and questions whether she has the talent to make it as a performer. After opening up to Tom, Kate tries to initiate sex. He declines, but gives her a kiss. Afterward, Kate begins taking small steps to improve her life; taking care of herself, setting up Santa with a Danish man who loves Christmas as much as she does, apologising to Marta and her girlfriend, and singing Christmas songs to busk for money for the shelter. She runs into Tom, who says he has something important to tell her, but she preemptively asserts he is fearful of commitment and walks away. Kate continues to try to do", "title": "Last Christmas (film)" }, { "docid": "877742", "text": "The Lost Dutchman's Gold Mine (also known by similar names) is, according to legend, a rich gold mine hidden in the southwestern United States. The location is generally believed to be in the Superstition Mountains, near Apache Junction, east of Phoenix, Arizona. There have been many stories about how to find the mine, and each year people search for the mine. Some have died on the search. The mine is named after German immigrant Jakob Waltz (c. 1810–1891), who purportedly discovered it in the 19th century and kept its location a secret. \"Dutchman\" was a common American term for a German (\"Dutch\" being the English cognate to the German demonym \"Deutsch\", and not a reference to the Dutch people). The Lost Dutchman's is perhaps the most famous lost mine in American history. Arizona place-name expert Byrd Granger wrote, as of 1977, the Lost Dutchman's story had been printed or cited at least six times more often than two other fairly well-known tales, the story of Captain Kidd's lost treasure, and the story of the Lost Pegleg mine in California. People have been seeking the Lost Dutchman's mine since at least 1892, while according to one estimate, 9,000 people annually made some effort to locate the Lost Dutchman's mine. Former Arizona Attorney General Robert K. Corbin is among those who have looked for the mine. Other Lost Dutchman's mines Robert Blair wrote \"[t]here have been at least four legendary Lost Dutchman's gold mines in the American West, including the famed Superstition mine of Jacob Waltz\". One Lost Dutchman's mine is said to be in Colorado, another in California; two are said to be located in Arizona. Tales of these other Lost Dutchman's mines can be traced to at least the 1870s. The earliest Lost Dutchman's mine in Arizona was said to have been near Wickenburg, about north-west of the Superstition Mountains: a \"Dutchman\" was allegedly discovered dead in the desert near Wickenburg in the 1870s alongside saddlebags filled with gold. Blair suggested that \"fragments of this legend have perhaps become attached to the mythical mine of Jacob Waltz\". Stories about the mine Granger wrote that \"fact and fiction blend in the tales\", but that there are three main elements to the story: \"They are, first, tales of the lost Apache gold or Dr. Thorne's mine; second, tales about the Lost Dutchman's; and, third, stories of the soldiers' lost gold vein ... [t]he most complete version of the Lost Dutchman's story incorporates all three legends\". Blair argued that there are kernels of truth at the heart of each of these three main stories, though the popular story is often badly garbled from the actual account. Other theories have materialized that speculate the mine is buried at the bottom of Apache or Roosevelt Lake. In 1977, Granger identified 62 variants of the Lost Dutchman's story – some of the variations are minor, but others are substantial, casting the story in a very different light from the other versions. Lost Apache gold or Dr.", "title": "Lost Dutchman's Gold Mine" }, { "docid": "62122911", "text": "Ip sog-ui geomeun ip (입 속의 검은 잎 The Black Leaf in My Mouth) is a poetry collection written by Ki Hyongdo. As Ki Hyongdo was preparing to publish the collection in 1989, he suddenly died from a stroke. The collection was published later that year. His early death added a sense of tragedy to the sorrow and despair that was already present in the first half of the collection and gave rise to the so-called “Ki Hyongdo Syndrome.” Overview Title It was literary critic Kim Hyun who chose the collection's title Ip sog-ui geomeun ip. Kim Hyun also wrote an analysis of the poetry collection under the title “Yeongwonhi dachin binbangui cheheom (영원히 닫힌 빈방의 체험 Experience of an Eternally Closed and Empty Room).” Ki Hyongdo originally had been thinking of titling his first poetry collection as ‘Warning at the Station,’ according to his older sister. Instead he used this title for a work he published in 1988, the first line of which goes, “Mianhajiman naneun ije himangeul noraeharyeonda (미안하지만 나는 이제 희망을 노래하련다 Sorry, but I’m going to try to sing of hope now).” Ki Hyongdo's older sister, while admitting that her brother's poems were primarily dark and gloomy, has pointed to this poem which sings of a turn toward hope. She said that if Ki Hyongdo were still alive, he would have become a poet who continued to sing of hope. Ki Hyongdo's initial title, ‘Warning at the Station,’ became the title for the collection of works published to celebrate the 20th anniversary of his passing. Themes Tragic Worldview The dominating feature of Ip sog-ui geomeun ip is its tragic worldview. What make’s Ki Hyongdo and this poetry collection unique is that, unlike the majority of poems that take on such a worldview and express a desire to escape the present circumstances, Ki Hyongdo’s poems remain in a nightmarish reality and stubbornly search for meaning there. In other worlds, only the painful reality of the present exists in Ki Hyongdo’s poems. In this sense, as argued by Kim Hyun, Ki Hyongdo wasn’t an alchemist searching for gold in the mud, but a realist who called mud for what it was. Childhood Poverty The cause of all the gloom, sorrow, and unease that surrounds Ip sog-ui geomeun ip is Ki Hyongdo’s childhood experiences. In “Eomma geokjeong (엄마 걱정 Worrying about Mother),” the poet remembers when he was a child and used to shake with loneliness when his mother would go out to work and not come back until late into the night. The quote below shows a poor household and the loneliness which the poet experienced because of it. As time passes and the poet becomes an adult, he speaks of the past with a voice laced with more longing than fear. Yet despite this, the things that have taken root deep within the poet, such as an empty room, being alone, and loneliness, leave their mark throughout the collection of poetry. Yeolmu samsip daneul igo 열무 삼십", "title": "The Black Leaf in My Mouth" }, { "docid": "32254689", "text": "Horse Latitudes is an album by American singer/songwriter Jeffrey Foucault, released in 2011. Reception Writing for Allmusic, critic William Ruhlman wrote that \"Singer/songwriter Jeffrey Foucault likes to play in a familiar, slow-moving country-folk style; this is a guy who has been to the desert on \"A Horse with No Name,\" searching for a \"Heart of Gold.\" The lyrical reflections he expresses so introspectively also tend to be spare and allusive... For the most part, however, Foucault is a miniaturist as interested in evoking mood as meaning in his atmospheric music, expecting his listeners to fill in the blanks.\" David Kleiner of Minor 7th wrote \"Writers should check out Foucault's similes, here (\"singing / darker than the sea\") and throughout (\"smoking like a river / in the dark before the dawn\"), as the comparison is always unexpected and richer for it... What you remember is, \"When I had one good coat, I was warm.\" You disappear. Only Foucault's songs remain, as haunting as they are haunted.\" Track listing All songs by Jeffrey Foucault. \"Horse Latitudes\" – 5:20 \"Pretty Girl in a Small Town\" – 2:32 \"Starlight and Static\" – 3:31 \"Heart to the Husk\" – 2:33 \"Last Night I Dreamed of Television\" – 4:05 \"Goners Most\" – 4:53 \"Everybody's Famous\" – 4:37 \"Idaho\" – 3:49 \"Passerines\" – 4:33 \"Tea and Tobacco\" – 2:46 Personnel Jeffrey Foucault - vocals, acoustic guitar Kris Delmhorst - cello, fiddle Jennifer Condos – bass Billy Conway – drums Eric Heywood – baritone guitar, electric guitar pedal steel Van Dyke Parks – accordion, organ (Hammond), piano Production notes: Jeffrey Foucault - producer Alex McCollough – mastering Justin Pizzoferrato – engineer Pete Weiss – engineer Ryan Freeland – engineer, mixing Kris Delmhorst – photography Matt Dellinger – liner notes Renee Fernandez – design, layout References External links Official Jeffrey Foucault website Signature Sounds Recordings 2011 albums Jeffrey Foucault albums", "title": "Horse Latitudes (album)" }, { "docid": "62760148", "text": "The Snow Queen is an opera by Hans Abrahamsen and was commissioned by the Royal Danish Opera. The world premiere in Danish took place on 13 October 2019 in Copenhagen. On 21 December 2019 the English version was premiered at the Bavarian State Opera in Munich. The work is based on the fairy tale \"The Snow Queen\" (Danish title: \"Snedronningen\") by Hans Christian Andersen and the libretto is by Hans Abrahamsen and Henrik Engelbrecht. Roles Synopsis The plot of The Snow Queen is based on the fairy tale \"The Snow Queen\" by Hans Christian Andersen, which consists of seven episodes. Hans Abrahamsen and Henrik Engelbrecht developed the opera libretto for The Snow Queen from this while largely retaining the language characteristics of the fairytale. Act 1 The children Gerda and Kay listen to the Grandmother telling them about the Snow Queen, whereupon Kay imagines bringing the Snow Queen into the warm room and watching her melt. Gerda tells him how the devil created a magic mirror which makes everything beautiful look ugly and that it has broken into a million tiny pieces. She explains that anyone getting one of these splinters in their eye or heart would only see the imperfections in things; the coldness causing their hearts to become numb. That night, Kay is so afraid that he cannot fall asleep. When he sees the Snow Queen at the window he is terrified. While Gerda and Kay look at the blooming roses Kay is suddenly being pierced by something into his heart and then into his eye. From this moment on, he too only sees the imperfection of the flowers whereupon he mocks Gerda and picks the roses to pieces. The friendship between Kay and Gerda is weakened. Instead of playing with her, Kay would rather play with the other boys who do not let him join their game. At the same time Kay admires the symmetry and perfection of the ice crystals. The Snow Queen appears on her sled and takes the boy with her. The Snow Queen flies with Kay to her ice palace. She kisses him on the forehead, causing him to lose his feeling of coldness and forget the world he once knew. Act 2 Gerda has begun the search for Kay and finds herself in the Old Woman's garden where the flowers sing her the song of the three dead sisters. But Kay, they announce, is not dead. Gerda leaves the garden and continues her search. Upon meeting the Forest Crow, Gerda learns that the princess has been looking for a man who is her equal in wisdom. Since Gerda suspects that Kay might be the chosen one the Forest Crow brings her to the castle of Prince and Princess. Arriving at the Castle, the Castle Crow allows Gerda to enter but is immediately haunted by sinister and eerie apparitions. When she finally finds the princess and her prince, she realizes her mistake. The Prince and Princess reward the Crows for their good deed", "title": "The Snow Queen (Abrahamsen)" }, { "docid": "23976235", "text": "Gary Go, sometimes referred to with the subtitle Of Youth / Of Beauty, is the self-titled debut studio album by British singer, songwriter and producer Gary Go. It was released on 26 May 2009 on Decca Records. Track listing -Of Youth- \"Open Arms\" - 5:00 \"So So\" - 4:20 \"Engines\" - 3:55 \"Wonderful\" - 5:10 \"Life Gets in the Way\" - 4:05 \"Brooklyn\" - 3:35 -Of Beauty- \"Refuse to Lose\" - 4:03 \"Honest\" - 4:28 \"Heart and Soul\" - 3:54 \"Speak\" - 5:01 \"Black and White Days\" - 3:32 Not included on the album is the song \"Give Me a Reason\", which was on the B-side of the single \"Wonderful\", released on 16 February 2009, and \"Take Back Words\" which was a B-side of the single \"Open Arms\", released 18 May 2009. A special edition of the album was available on iTunes as a pre-order, containing stripped down cover versions of Empire of the Sun's \"Walking on a Dream\", the Cars' \"Drive\" and Lady Gaga's \"Just Dance\" featuring Mr Dialysis. Gary Go released four acoustic tracks exclusively to Napster: Napster Live Sessions (2009) \"Wonderful\" (Acoustic) \"Open Arms\" (Acoustic) \"So So\" (Acoustic) \"Black and Gold\" (Acoustic cover of Sam Sparro) The Diary of Rodney Harvey EP (2007) \"Give Me a Reason\" \"The Diary of Rodney Harvey\" \"So Much for Life\" So So... EP (2006) \"I Need Your Time\" \"So So\" \"The Good Ones Always Go\" \"Speak\" Credits Produced by Gary Go with Andreas Eide Larsen. Recorded by Gary Go, Andreas Eide Larsen and Kevin Killen atAllaire, Avatar, British Grove, iiwii, Sono, Townhouse & The Canvas Room. Recordings made using the Moonlight Response System [mrs] ® Mixed by Chris Lord-Alge at Resonate Music & Mix LA. Gary Go sings, plays pianos, keys, synthesizer tuned percussion and treatments. John Shannon plays electric and acoustic guitars and sings. Andreas E. Larsen plays additional acoustic guitar and sings. Doug Wimbish plays bass on “Open Arms”, “Life Gets in the Way”, “Wonderful”, “Speak” and “Refuse to Lose”. Mitch Cohn plays bass on “Black & White Days”, “Honest”, “Heart & Soul” and “Engines”. Martin Valihora plays drums on all songs except “Open Arms” and “Life Gets in the Way” . Will Calhoun plays drums on \"Open Arms\" and \"Life Gets in the Way\". Lisa Fischer sings on “Wonderful”, “Life Gets in the Way”, “Refuse to Lose” and “Honest”. Carina Round sings on “Speak”. Joseph Arthur sings on “Black & White Days”. Luke Pickett sings and plays some acoustic guitar on “Wonderful”. Bob Gold plays Hammond Organ on “Honest.” Andy Findon plays woodwind on “Honest”. Tim Hutton plays horns on “Refuse to Lose”, “Brooklyn” and “Honest”. Serafina Steer plays harp on “So So”. Mastered by Ted Jensen at Sterling Sound, NYC. References 2009 debut albums Decca Records albums Pop albums by English artists", "title": "Gary Go (album)" }, { "docid": "31707266", "text": "The Caribbean Mystery is a 1945 American film noir mystery film which marked the directorial debut of Robert D. Webb. It is the third film adaptation of the 1933 novel Murder in Trinidad by John W. Vandercook to be produced by 20th Century Fox. Starring James Dunn, Sheila Ryan, and Edward Ryan. the plot finds a Brooklyn detective summoned to a Caribbean island to solve the disappearance of eight geologists who had visited an alligator-infested swamp. The lead role was rewritten especially for Dunn after his successful film comeback in A Tree Grows in Brooklyn (1945), also produced by 20th Century Fox. Plot Eight geologists employed by the United Oil Company have disappeared after visiting an alligator-infested swamp in the Caribbean rumored to contain pirate gold. The police commissioner calls in an American detective, Mr. Smith, to solve the case. The island's officials – the governor, the police commissioner, the police lieutenant, and the physician/coroner – are unimpressed with Smith's wise-cracking Brooklyn persona, and Smith in turn makes fun of their belief that quicksand and alligators killed the geologists, especially after he shows them the hole in his hat caused by a bullet he received while touring the swamp. Smith expresses his nervousness over an ornamental dagger displayed in the governor's office. Soon Smith's assistant, Gates, is found dead in his hotel room. Smith receives an anonymous telephone message telling him to be in his room at midnight. A few minutes before twelve, he hears whistling from the garden, goes to the door, and narrowly misses a dagger being thrown at him. He leaves the dagger in his room to inquire at the reception desk, but when he returns, the dagger is gone. At midnight, Mrs. Jean Gilbert, the hotel's hostess, comes to his room. She tells Smith that Gates had befriended her during his visit and gave her a treasure map to give to Smith should something happen to him. She explains that the swamp completely encircles the island, making it inaccessible to the many who have come over the years to search for pirate gold. Smith escorts her to the hallway and watches her enter her room, then hears a bloodcurdling scream and finds her dead with the same dagger in her heart. The police commissioner, Colonel Lane, and his daughter Linda appear to have been kidnapped to the island. Smith enlists the help of the governor's son, who is in love with Linda, and they wander in the swamp for two days trying to find the island. To attract attention, Smith fires his pistol; the pair are found and taken to a village run by Captain Van den Bark, who welcomes them and sends them off with his aide who has orders to kill them. Smith manages to wound the aide with his own gun and escapes into the swamp while Van den Bark sends men out to search for them. Meanwhile, Van den Bark and his aide pack up all the pirate gold they have extracted", "title": "The Caribbean Mystery" }, { "docid": "70135547", "text": "Cristóbal Garrido Pinto (born June 1, 1976), known by the stage name Sharonne, is a Spanish drag queen, actress, and singer. Sharonne was the winner of season 2 of Drag Race España. Career Cristóbal Garrido started his artistic career at a very young age in the world of amateur theater. He began studying management, but changed course to focus on performance. He studied acting at Escuela TRAM Expressió and dance at Escuela de CO&CO, both in Barcelona. Garrido also has another alter ego, DJ Lucy, a character he played as the Master of Ceremonies during The Hole Zero tour. In Sharonne's work as a singer, she forms part of the duo Shimai, which popularized a version of \"Estoy bailando\" (\"I'm Dancing\") by Hermanas Goggi. In 2001, she tried to participate in Eurovision representing Spain as a member of Trans-X, but only made it to twelfth place in the RTVE pre-selection. As an actress, Garrido participated in the short film Puta de oros (Whore of gold) in the year 2000, and in the Catalonian series El cor de la ciutat (The Heart of the City), in which she played Velvet, a transsexual who appeared throughout one of the seasons. In 2017, working as Garrido and not one of her personas, she participated in the television competition show Tu cara no me suena todavía (Your face no longer calls to me) on Antena 3, impersonating Olga Guillot and performing her song \"Soy lo prohibido.\" She won the first round, which earned her a place in the final, where she ultimately took third place. The next year, she participated in La Marató de TV3 (The TV3 Marathon) where she paid tribute to people who had died from cancer, singing the song \"(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman\" by Aretha Franklin. Additionally, together with Beni Sánchez, Sharonne hosted the 2018 Gala de Reines del Carnaval in Vinaròs. In 2022, Sharonne was announced as one of the participants in the second season of Drag Race España, the Spanish version of the Drag Race franchise. In one of the show's most well-known challenges, Snatch Game, she impersonated Verónica Forqué, which won her the episode. After a season of being consistently among the top performers and without any negative placements from the judges, she finally attained victory and was crowned as Spain's Drag Superstar, succeeding season one winner Carmen Farala. After her win, it was announced that she would participate in the Gran Hotel de las Reinas tour. Sharonne also signed on with the platform AtresPlayer to star in Reinas al Rescate (Queens to the Rescue) with Supremme de Luxe, Pupi Poisson, and Estrella Xtravaganza. The queens will travel to rural Spanish towns in search of LGBT history. In October 2022, it was announced that Sharonne would participate in Benidorm Fest 2023, the contest that selects a Spanish representative to send to the Eurovision Song Contest with her song \"Aire\" (Air). She scored 87 points in the first semifinal, but did not manage to continue", "title": "Sharonne" }, { "docid": "35046013", "text": "Superstar is a UK talent search, looking for the lead role in a production of the 1971 rock opera Jesus Christ Superstar. The series started on 7 July 2012 on ITV and was presented by Amanda Holden. In the final, on 25 July 2012, 31-year-old Ben Forster was chosen as Jesus to perform the role in the UK arena tour starting in September 2012. 24-year-old Rory Taylor came in second place. The Team The series was presented by Amanda Holden. The Panel consisted of Andrew Lloyd Webber, Jason Donovan, Dawn French and Melanie C. David Grindrod and Will Burton led the casting team, with Yvie Burnett serving as the vocal coach. Format Nationwide auditions The Nationwide auditions began in March 2012 visiting London, Dublin, Belfast, Manchester, Glasgow and Cardiff. The judges are Andrew Lloyd Webber, Melanie C, Jason Donovan and David Grindrod. Host Amanda Holden was on hand for the auditionees. Grindrod judged the nationwide auditions and was joined by Donovan and Melanie C at the 'Callback' round held at the O2 Academy in Brixton, London. Over 100 contestants were invited to the 'Callback' round in London. Lloyd Webber watched all the performances from a balcony at the side of the stage. Superstar Island The final 41 contestants are invited to 'Superstar Island' (Osea Island in Essex) for a week of training. Jonathan Ansell is a notable contestant who failed to pass this stage of the show. Final rounds The final 30 contestants were invited to Lloyd Webber's villa in Majorca. After 10 were eliminated on arrival, the remaining contestants performed again in front of Lloyd Webber. The next day, the contestants travelled back to Great Britain via coach (with the journey taking 25 hours) and performed a final time in front of the panel, with an accompanying band onstage, for a place in the live shows. Live shows The Live show stages of the search were judged by Melanie C, Jason Donovan, Dawn French and Andrew Lloyd Webber. The live shows were broadcast live from Fountain Studios in Wembley and took place over nine nights (excluding Saturday 21 and Sunday 22 July). The final was held on 25 July 2012. The contestants perform on the first live show with the results of the public vote announced during the following night's show. The two contestants with the lowest votes competed in the Sing-Off to stay in the competition. After the performance, Lloyd Webber then decided which potential Jesus to keep in the contest. The saved Jesuses could be seen on the \"Stairway to Heaven\". The eliminated Jesus(es) then \"walks into the light\" and leaves the stage. Finalists * at time of competition Results summary Colour key Live show details Night 1 (15 July 2012) Group performance: \"Superstar\" (Andrew Lloyd Webber) Sing-Off (Night 2) Night 2 (16 July 2012) Sing-Off (Night 3) Night 3 (17 July 2012) Group performance: \"Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band\" (The Beatles) Sing-Off (Night 4) Before the performance, Lloyd Webber decided not to eliminate either of", "title": "Superstar (British TV series)" }, { "docid": "5615537", "text": "Richard \"Rusty\" Donald Wailes, a.k.a. Perfect Oarsman (March 21, 1936 in Edmonds, Washington – October 11, 2002 on Lake Washington) was an American rower. Wailes began sport rowing when he entered Yale University in the fall of 1954. Within two years he was part of the gold medal-winning eight-man U.S. team at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne. Wailes and his Yale teammates represented the United States in the 1956 Olympic team after defeating other collegiate teams in the eight-man Olympic trial. At the Olympic trials Wailes and his crewmates set a world record in 5 minutes, 52 seconds. Wailes's crews defeated Harvard four consecutive years in the Harvard–Yale Regatta. Wailes was heavyweight crew captain his senior year. The athletic department bestowed upon Wailes the 1958 William Neely Mallory Award, the most prestigious athletic award given to a senior male at Yale. Rusty earned again Olympic Gold as part of the four-man coxless crew at the 1960 Games in Rome. That team included John Sayre and two other rowers, Ayrault and Nash, from other colleges at the Lake Washington Rowing Club. They won the Pan American Games in 1959 and then went off to the Olympics in Rome. Rusty, his wife, Lynne, and John Sayre, were a part of the original group, 'Sing-Out 65,' which became Up With People. John and Rusty, along with their respective wives, Pat Sayre and Lynne Wailes, had been members of the Moral Re-Armament show 'Space is so Startling' (recording year, 1962). Rusty then became Dean of Men at Mackinac College, which was located on the Mackinac Island site where Sing-Out had formed. Mackinac College was dedicated to training students who were 'Learning to Learn, Learning to Live, and Learning to Lead.' On October 11, 2002, Rusty Wailes, who lived in Woodinville, WA, died of a heart attack while rowing on Lake Washington. References External links 1936 births 2002 deaths American male rowers Rowers at the 1956 Summer Olympics Rowers at the 1960 Summer Olympics Yale University alumni People from Edmonds, Washington Sportspeople from Snohomish County, Washington Medalists at the 1960 Summer Olympics Medalists at the 1956 Summer Olympics Olympic gold medalists for the United States in rowing Rowers at the 1959 Pan American Games Medalists at the 1959 Pan American Games Pan American Games gold medalists for the United States in rowing", "title": "Rusty Wailes" }, { "docid": "50639597", "text": "Jensen Kyra (born September 29, 1993) is an artist, entrepreneur and educator living in Switzerland. She started her singing career at the age of 6 being in TV commercials and mall shows. She eventually joined the reality singing search of GMA Network's Protege: The Battle for the Big Break and was later on included as a regular artist in the noontime variety show of the same TV network, Party Pilipinas. She was hired by Chinese-Filipino tycoon Roberto Ongpin to become the Entertainment Director of Alphaland Corporation handling two of the most exclusive luxury island resort in the pacific. She is known to have brought celebrities, football players and business tycoons to the islands. Early life Jensen Kyra has a younger sister named Janine Teñoso who is known as the \"OST Princess\" in the Philippines. She is not only a performer at a young age but was also a young athlete in swimming. Jensen Kyra joined numerous singing competitions representing her school since middle school days. One of the most notable singing competitions she joined was the Nationwide Search for PLDT Singing Idol; in which Asia's Popstar, Sarah Geronimo also joined in her first years of singing career. Although joining every year, she only won the title twice in the year 2010 and 2011. Her first TV show guesting wes on \"Walang Tulugan with the Master Showman\". Singing career 2011 She was on TV5's Willing Willie wherein she was the grand winner in the Kantanong Segment. In April, she joined GMA7's Protege: The Battle for the Big Break. After the competition, she signed a contract with GMA Artist Center. She appeared on following TV Shows: Party Pilipinas, Bubble Gang, Unang Hirit. 2012–2016 She went to theater arts and played Cinderella of \"Into the Woods\" under the production of Trumpets Playshop. She also portrayed Wendy of KIDS ACTS Philippines' \"Peter Pan\" in Star Theater, Cultural Center of the Philippines. She also performed in Movie Stars Cafe and played various lead roles of musicals such as Gia of Madagascar, Queen Elsa of Frozen, Cleopatra of The Mummy Returns, Sandy of Grease, and Bella Swan of Twilight Musical. In 2015, she was a performer in City of Dreams Manila for a regular show that lasted 6 months. In 2016, she performed at the launch of Miss Universe 2016 held in Manila, Philippines. 2018 She released her first single under VIVA records entitled, LAPIT KA which is available on all digital stores. Humanitarian work and charity She found her heart in charity in school when her class goes out to the streets to teach and help the homeless. She was also involved with the relief operations of her university's organization dedicated for the victims of typhoon. In 2015, she started her own charity work by being actively involved with Virlanie Foundation Philippines and various other organizations as a teacher. She is also the official representative of the Philippines at the Monaco Charity Film Festival. Jensen at Eumee, nagharap sa Tawag ng Tanghalan! Jensen at Eumee,", "title": "Jensen Kyra" }, { "docid": "1818617", "text": "Melanie Hernandez Calumpad (born January 5, 1981), known professionally as Kyla, is a Filipino singer, actress, and television personality. Known for her vocal range and melismatic singing style, she has been credited with helping to redefine R&B and soul music in the Philippines. Her sound became a catalyst in the growth and popularity of the music genres, making her a prominent pop culture figure. She has been cited by media outlets as the country's \"Queen of R&B\". Kyla started performing in singing competitions as a child, and first gained recognition as a runner-up in the talent competition show Metropop Star Search in 1997. She signed with EMI Philippines and released her debut album Way to Your Heart (2000), supported by the single \"Hanggang Ngayon\", which won the International Viewer's Choice Award for Southeast Asia at the 2001 MTV Video Music Awards. Kyla began songwriting for her eponymous second album, which contained elements of soul and R&B. Kyla's I Will Be There (2003) featured English boy band Blue, and Not Your Ordinary Girl (2004) and Beautiful Days (2006) included tracks written by American singer-songwriter Keith Martin. Her succeeding releases were the cover albums Heartfelt (2007), and Heart 2 Heart (2009). Her next album, Private Affair (2010), featured the lead single \"Don't Tie Me Down\". After signing a new contract with Star Music in 2015, she released her ninth album The Queen of R&B (2018). Kyla's first seven records are all platinum-certified by the Philippine Association of the Record Industry. Kyla made her acting debut with a guest appearance in the drama series Narito ang Puso Ko (2003). She followed this with parts in the television anthology series Magpakailanman (2003) and Dear Friend (2009). Her first major role was as the antagonist in the daytime soap opera Villa Quintana (20132014). Kyla expanded her career into reality television as a presenter of the talent competition show Popstar Kids (20052007) and as a judge in the variety show singing contest Tawag ng Tanghalan (2016). Her accolades include a MTV Video Music Award, three MTV Pilipinas Music Awards, a Star Award for Music, six Myx Music Awards, and eleven Awit Awards. Life and career 1981–1999: Early life and Metropop Star Search Melanie Hernandez Calumpad was born on January 5, 1981. The third of four children to Ulysses and Olivia Calumpad, she grew up with an older brother and two sisters. Her father, who worked as a lawyer, was a bassist and had aspired to be a folk performer. She began singing and taking voice lessons at age nine. Her interest in music and performing eventually led her to join several amateur singing contests. At age twelve, she auditioned for the television talent show Tanghalan ng Kampeon and won the competition, performing a cover of Jennifer Holliday's \"I Am Changing\". She then unsuccessfully auditioned for a role in the teen variety show Ang TV. At thirteen, she was cast as a performer in the musical variety show That's Entertainment. Looking back on her participation in the", "title": "Kyla (Filipino singer)" }, { "docid": "51936660", "text": "Eedu Gold Ehe is a 2016 Telugu comedy film directed by Veeru Potla starring Sunil, Sushma Raj, and Richa Panai in lead roles. It was produced by Ramabrahmam Sunkara, under AK Entertainments, while Mahathi Swara Sagar scored the music. The movie was based on Jewel Thief. Plot Bangarraju (Sunil) is an innocent and good-hearted person who goes from Vijayawada to Hyderabad in search of a job. He lands in trouble because of a lookalike who robs a diamond-studded idol from a mafia don's house. Cast Soundtrack The music was composed by Mahathi Swara Sagar and released by Aditya Music. Reception Critical response J Deepthi Nandan Reddy from The New Indian Express wrote \"Director Veeru Potla is known for racy screenplays and he showed that yet again with Eedu Gold Ehe. However, in his attempt to add pace to the movie, a lot of emotions got drowned and the impact wasn’t felt\". A reviewer from Samayam says \"How he comes out of this forms the crux of the story which is narrated in an entertaining way through out\". A reviewer from 123 Telugu wrote \"The big minus is that the movie comes with good commercial elements like the above mentioned twists, interval bang, climax episode, comedy tracks which are not related to the story but there is nothing to impress at that level elsewhere. In a word.. Time passes, twists are good, but not at the level of 'this movie is gold ehe'\". References External links 2010s Telugu-language films 2010s comedy thriller films 2010s heist films Indian comedy thriller films Indian heist films 2016 comedy films Films set in Vijayawada Films shot in Vijayawada", "title": "Eedu Gold Ehe" }, { "docid": "29508899", "text": "I'll Search My Heart and Other Great Hits is a compilation album by American pop singer Johnny Mathis that was released by Columbia Records in April 1964 and gathered up five A-sides that reached the Billboard Hot 100, a corresponding B-side, and six songs that had previously been unreleased. The album debuted on Billboard magazine's Top LPs chart the following month, in the issue dated May 9, and got as high as number 35 during its 16 weeks there. Reception Billboard wrote, \"A most attractive blend of voice and strings on the Mathis-Columbia package. The album contains fine singing on a number of telling but off-beat tunes for which the singer is noted.\" Track listing Side one \"Starbright\" (Lee Pockriss, Paul Vance) – 2:51 rec. 4/29/59, rel. 2/15/60; Billboard Hot 100: #25 \"Every Step of the Way\" (Robert Allen, Al Stillman) – 3:23 rec. 5/31/60, rel. 5/7/63; Billboard Hot 100: #30 Easy Listening: #10 \"Wherever You Are It's Spring\" (Arthur Hamilton) – 2:33 rec. 2/8/61; previously unreleased \"The Joy of Loving You\" (Bart Howard) – 3:05 rec. 3/29/62; previously unreleased \"Each Time We Kiss\" (Clyde Otis, Colin Towns) – 2:39 rec. 3/4/61; previously unreleased \"A Clock Without Hands\" (Jerry Livingston, Paul Francis Webster) – 2:58 rec. 3/29/62; previously unreleased Side two \"I'll Search My Heart\" (Allyn Ferguson, Ernie Richman, Neil Weston) – 3:05 rec. 8/9/62, rel. 11/5/63; Billboard Hot 100: #90 \"Sooner or Later\" (Thomas Garlock, Alan Jefferys) – 3:19 rec. 8/9/62, rel. 7/30/63 Billboard Hot 100: #84 \"My Favorite Dream\" (Pockriss, Vance) – 2:55 rec. 10/9/61; previously unreleased \"The Best of Everything\" from The Best of Everything (Sammy Cahn, Alfred Newman) – 2:45 rec. 9/8/59, rel. 9/28/59 Billboard Hot 100: #62 \"What to Do About Love\" (Leon Carr, Vance) – 2:28 rec. 5/31/60; previously unreleased \"All the Sad Young Men\" (Livingston, Webster) – 3:04 rec. 3/29/62, rel. 11/5/63; B-side of \"I'll Search My Heart\" Personnel Johnny Mathis – vocals Ernie Altschuler – producer (except as noted) Al Ham – producer (\"The Best of Everything\", \"Starbright\") Mitch Miller – producer (\"Every Step of the Way\") Irving Townsend – producer (\"All the Sad Young Men\") M. Harkavy – cover photographic process References Bibliography 1964 greatest hits albums Johnny Mathis compilation albums Columbia Records compilation albums albums produced by Irving Townsend albums produced by Al Ham albums produced by Mitch Miller", "title": "I'll Search My Heart and Other Great Hits" }, { "docid": "55994321", "text": "Blue Madonna is the second studio album by American musician Børns. It was released on January 12, 2018 through Interscope Records (and his final with the label). Background On July 28, 2017, Børns released the single \"Faded Heart\" on Interscope Records. On September 29, 2017, he released his next single, \"Sweet Dreams\". Two promotional videos, \"The Search for the Lost Sounds\" and \"The Faded Heart Sessions\", were released on his YouTube channel along with the singles. The album was announced via Instagram on December 4, 2017. A pre-order on blue vinyl (1,500 copies) was available on the Urban Outfitters website in December 2017, but the limited-edition sale was removed before its official release on January 12, 2018. \"Faded Heart\", \"Sweet Dreams\", I Don't Want U Back\", and \"God Save Our Young Blood\" featuring Lana Del Rey were released as singles prior to the official album release. The official lyrics to \"Supernatural\" released the day prior as bonus material for Spotify users who pre-saved the album. Additionally, Børns, using an account on Genius.com, has taken to leaving personal commentaries regarding written lyrics on certain songs appearing on the album. For example, Børns says, \"I pictured Lou Reed when I wrote this singing about being a glowing star with a fragile heart,\" about his song \"Faded Heart\". Blue Madonna was officially released on January 12, 2018. Track listing Note: All tracks produced by Thomas Schleiter, who also goes by the name \"Tommy English\". Notes \"Supernatural\" features theremin-playing by Armen Ra \"Blue Madonna\" features background vocals by Lana Del Rey. Personnel Børns – performance Tommy English – production Chris Gehringer – mastering Tony Maserati – mixing Brian Roettinger – art direction Chuck Grant – photography Armen Ra – theremin (track 10) Charts Appearances in other media \"Faded Heart\" is featured in the EA Sports video game FIFA 18 \"Sweet Dreams\" is featured in the Sony Pictures film Flatliners References Børns albums 2018 albums Interscope Records albums", "title": "Blue Madonna" }, { "docid": "953920", "text": "Cheryl Ladd (born Cheryl Jean Stoppelmoor; July 12, 1951) is an American actress, singer, and author best known for her role as Kris Munroe in the ABC television series Charlie's Angels, whose cast she joined in its second season in 1977 to replace Farrah Fawcett-Majors. Ladd remained on the show until its cancellation in 1981. Her film roles include Purple Hearts (1984), Millennium (1989), Poison Ivy (1992), Permanent Midnight (1998), and Unforgettable (2017). Early life Ladd was born Cheryl Jean Stoppelmoor on July 12, 1951, in Huron, South Dakota, the second daughter of Dolores (née Katz), a waitress, and Marion Stoppelmoor, a railroad engineer. After high school, she traveled with the band The Music Shop and played in venues in the United States Midwest before settling in Los Angeles in 1970. Career Early roles Ladd originally came to Hollywood to begin a career in music (she was known as \"Cherie Moor\" when she was the singing voice of Melody on Hanna-Barbera's Josie and the Pussycats animated series, and she also sang on the 1970 album of the same name). However, she soon began to land non-singing roles in commercials and episodic television, including guest appearances on shows such as on The Rookies, The Partridge Family, Police Woman, The Muppet Show, Search and Happy Days. Charlie's Angels (1977–1981) Ladd's big acting break came in 1977, when she was cast in the ABC television series Charlie's Angels, replacing star Farrah Fawcett, who left the show after only one season to pursue a movie career. To make the transition easier for audiences, producers cast Ladd as Fawcett's character's younger sister, Kris, instantly making her a part of the \"Angels family\". In the years to come, this practice of replacing Angels became a common event for the show. However, Ladd remained a part of the main cast for four seasons, until the show's cancelation in June 1981. While starring in the highly rated Charlie's Angels, Ladd took advantage of her newfound popularity to further her musical career, guest starring in musical-comedy variety series and specials, performing the National Anthem at the Super Bowl XIV in January 1980, and releasing three albums. She had a top-40 Billboard Hot 100 single and a gold record. Later career Following Charlie's Angels, Ladd remained a familiar face on television and has starred in more than 30 made-for-television films, including as Grace Kelly, the Philadelphia heiress who became a Hollywood glamour girl and then a European princess, in a biopic that was begun shortly before Kelly's death. She also appeared in a number of feature films, such as Purple Hearts (1984), Millennium (1989), Poison Ivy (1992) (featuring Drew Barrymore, who later starred in the film adaptations of Charlie's Angels) and Permanent Midnight (1998). Ladd had the lead role in the television series One West Waikiki (1994–96) and made guest appearances in other TV shows such as Charmed, Hope and Faith and CSI: Miami. From 2003 until the show's cancellation in 2008 Ladd played Jillian Deline, the wife of the", "title": "Cheryl Ladd" }, { "docid": "4888072", "text": "The Magic of Lassie is a 1978 American musical drama film directed by Don Chaffey, and starring Lassie, James Stewart (in his final appearance in a domestically-released live action feature film), Stephanie Zimbalist, Pernell Roberts and Michael Sharrett, with cameo appearances by Mickey Rooney and Alice Faye (in her final film role). Stewart appeared in one of only three musical film roles that he played: the first was Born to Dance (1936) in which he introduced the Cole Porter standard \"Easy To Love\" and the second was Pot O' Gold (1941). The screenplay and song score are supplied by the prolific Sherman Brothers, who worked as staff songwriters for Walt Disney and wrote songs for his films such as Mary Poppins (1964). Their song \"When You're Loved\" was nominated for an Academy Award for \"Best Original Song\" and was sung by Debby Boone. It is also the only musical film featuring Lassie. Released in the wake of Star Wars, the film was critically panned as old-fashioned, and flopped at the box office. Critics expressed dismay at Stewart singing unmemorable songs as the grandfather. Following the film's failure, he semiretired from acting. Plot The Mitchell Vineyard, in the rolling hills of Northern California, is the very blood of Clovis Mitchell, a spare and dignified grandfather and guardian to Kelly and her brother, Chris. The heart of the household, though, is Lassie, a handsome young collie, affectionate, obedient, sensitive, and very wise. A threat is in the air one night when Jamison and his associate, Finch, appear at the winery and offer to buy the land from Clovis. They get a refusal from the old man, while Lassie growls in the background. Jamison promises to return, and does, to claim Lassie, one of a litter he says escaped during a fire. She has a tattoo mark in her right ear to prove it. Clovis has no alternative but to give up the dog, and tells his heart-broken grandchildren. Lassie has an alternative; taken by private plane to Jamison's home in Colorado Springs, fitted with a handsome green collar with gold studs, Lassie makes her escape. Chased by helicopter and kennel men through the rocks and hills of Colorado, Lassie manages to elude them and out-stare a cougar before she joins up with new friends – Gus, a down-at-heel wrestling manager and Apollo, a kindly mountain of a man and Gus's so-called star. About the time they are binding up Lassie's sores, giving her food and water, and moving along in their van, young Chris bolts on his first day of the school term and sets off alone in search of Lassie. With his distraught grandfather setting out to find the boy, and Kelly and her sweetheart, attorney Allan Fogerty, checking with the police, Chris takes a car conveyor in the direction of Colorado Springs. Soon after the truck takes off, a hungry and frightened Chris leaves the vehicle, buys food in a restaurant from a sympathetic waitress, then goes out to look", "title": "The Magic of Lassie" }, { "docid": "53268820", "text": "\"The Song in Your Heart\" is the twentieth episode of the sixth season of the American fantasy drama series Once Upon a Time. It first aired on May 7, 2017. Billed as a musical episode, it marks a departure from the typical dramatic elements featured in the series. In this episode, Emma and Hook prepare for their wedding, but Fiona is preparing a plot that will begin the Final Battle. In flashbacks, Snow and David make a wish that results in the entire Enchanted Forest and Oz breaking out in song. Plot Opening sequence An orchestra is shown in the Forest, playing the theme song of the series. Event chronology The Storybrooke events take place after the current events of \"The Black Fairy\", and in 1991 after \"Tougher Than the Rest\"; the flashback events in the Enchanted Forest occur after the pilot episode and before \"The Stranger\"; and the events in Oz occur after \"Chosen\". In the characters' pasts Land Without Magic, 1991 At a group children's home in Minnesota, Emma records herself singing, only to have another girl interrupt her, reminding Emma that she will always be an orphan. The Enchanted Forest and Oz, before the first Curse After talking with Rumplestiltskin in the castle dungeon, Snow makes a wish that her future daughter will be happy and safe before the Curse takes place. The next day, her wish comes true: Snow and David break into song and realize that they can defeat Regina through the power of music (\"Powerful Magic\"). The wish also affects Regina, who notices that the entire forest is singing (\"The Queen Sings\") and makes a plan to destroy everyone's happiness (\"Love Doesn't Stand a Chance\"). Meanwhile, David and Snow visit a tavern to enlist Hook to help them search for Regina. Hook refuses their offer of gold and explains that revenge on Rumplestiltskin is all that he desires (\"Revenge Is Gonna Be Mine\"). David and Snow offer to surrender Rumplestiltskin to Hook in exchange for passage on his ship to Regina's castle. Regina visits Rumplestiltskin, who is not affected by the wish, at his cell. Regina asks for his help in erasing the wish, but he refuses. In Oz, Zelena spies on their conversation and believes that Rumplestiltskin might come to regret choosing Regina over her. She prepares a spell for Regina to end the Singing Spell, which she will take credit for (\"Wicked Always Wins\"). Snow and David confront Regina, and the Singing Spell seems to make Regina's magic ineffective against the Charmings (\"Charmings vs. Evil Queen\"), but Regina uses a magic box she had found (which contains Zelena's spell) to stop them from singing and sends them back to their castle. Upon their return, the Blue Fairy appears to Snow and David and informs them that the power of song was never meant to be used to defeat the Evil Queen, instead placing it in Emma's heart, where the Power of Song will help her win a major battle one day. The", "title": "The Song in Your Heart" }, { "docid": "1194698", "text": "\"The Prioress's Tale\" is one of The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer. It follows \"The Shipman's Tale\" in The Canterbury Tales. Because of fragmentation of the manuscripts, it is impossible to tell where it comes in ordinal sequence, but it is second in group B2, followed by Chaucer's \"Tale of Sir Topas\". The General Prologue names the prioress as Madame Eglantine, and describes her impeccable table manners and soft-hearted ways. Her portrait suggests she is likely in religious life as a means of social advancement, given her aristocratic manners and mispronounced French. She maintains a secular lifestyle, including keeping lap dogs that she privileges over people, a fancy rosary and a brooch inscribed with ('Love Conquers All'). Her story is of a child martyr killed by Jews, a common theme in Medieval Christianity, and much later criticism focuses on the tale's antisemitism. Plot The story is introduced with an invocation to the Virgin Mary, then sets the scene in Asia, where a community of Jews live in a Christian city. A seven-year-old school-boy, son of a widow, is brought up to revere Mary. He teaches himself to sing the first verse of the popular medieval hymn (\"Nurturing Mother of the Redeemer\"); although he does not understand the words, an older classmate tells him it is about Mary, the mother of Jesus. He begins to sing it every day as he walks through the local Jewish ghetto to school. Satan, \"That hath (built) in Jewes' heart his waspe's nest\", incites some Jews to murder the child and throw his body into a public cesspit. His mother searches for him and eventually finds his body, which miraculously begins to sing the . The Christians call in the city magistrate, who has the Jews drawn by wild horses and then hanged. The boy continues to sing throughout his own Requiem Mass until the local abbot asks him how he is able to do so. He replies that although his throat is cut, Mary appeared to him and laid a grain on his tongue, saying he could keep singing until it was removed and she would come for him. The abbot removes the grain and the boy finally becomes silent and dies. The story ends with a reference to Little Saint Hugh of Lincoln, another child martyr whose death was blamed on Jews. Genre The story is an example of a class of stories, popular at the time, known as the \"miracles of the Virgin\" such as those by Gautier de Coincy. It also blends elements of common story of a pious child killed by the enemies of the faith; the first example of which in English was written about William of Norwich. Matthew Arnold cited a stanza from the tale as the best of Chaucer's poetry. The Prioress and the Pardoner In \"Chaucer's Prioress and the Sacrifice of Praise\", Sherman Hawkins juxtaposes the Pardoner and the Prioress as the representatives of two radically different forms of religious expression. The Pardoner's materialistic orientation, his", "title": "The Prioress's Tale" }, { "docid": "40337688", "text": "Gene Pitney's Big Sixteen is American singer Gene Pitney's seventh album, released on the Musicor label in 1964. The album contains a mix of hit singles and album cuts from Pitney's early records. Track listing Side 1 \"Ship True Love Goodbye\" (Mark Barkan, Neval Nader) – 2:25 (from Gene Pitney Sings Just for You) \"Twenty Four Hours From Tulsa\" (Hal David, Burt Bacharach) – 3:00 (from Blue Gene) \"Only Love Can Break a Heart\" (David, Bacharach) – 2:49 (from Only Love Can Break a Heart) \"Not Responsible\" (Ben Raleigh, Barkan) – 2:31 (from Gene Pitney Sings Just for You) \"Teardrop by Teardrop\" (Bob Halley) – 2:19 (from Gene Pitney Sings Just for You) \"Donna Means Heartbreak\" (David, Paul Hampton) – 2:23 (from Only Love Can Break a Heart) \"Aladdin's Lamp\" (Gene Pitney) – 2:28 (from Gene Pitney Sings Just for You) \"The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance\" (David, Bacharach) – 2:58 (from Only Love Can Break a Heart) Side 2 \"Keep Tellin' Yourself\" (Ellie Greenwich, Elmo Glick, Tony Powers) – 2:23 (from Blue Gene) \"Mecca\" (John Gluck Jr., Nader) – 2:21 (from Gene Pitney Sings Just for You) \"Town Without Pity\" (Dimitri Tiomkin, Ned Washington) – 2:55 (from The Many Sides of Gene Pitney) \"Tower Tall\" (Mel Mandel, Norman Sachs) – 3:21 (from Only Love Can Break a Heart) \"Cry Your Eyes Out\" (Raleigh, J. Gluck) – 2:04 (from Only Love Can Break a Heart) \"True Love Never Runs Smooth\" (David, Bacharach) – 2:26 (from Only Love Can Break a Heart) \"Take Me Tonight\" (Aaron Schroeder, Roy Alfred, Wally Gold) – 2:37 (from The Many Sides of Gene Pitney) \"Half Heaven – Half Heartache\" (Schroeder, George Goehring, Gold)– 2:43 (from Only Love Can Break a Heart) References 1964 albums Gene Pitney albums Musicor Records albums", "title": "Gene Pitney's Big Sixteen" }, { "docid": "48365239", "text": "\"Broken Heart\" is the tenth episode of the fifth season of the American fantasy drama series Once Upon a Time, which aired on November 29, 2015. In this episode, Hook challenges Mr. Gold to a sword fight on the Jolly Roger, while Emma Swan and Henry get the memories of the past six weeks back. In Camelot, Hook casts the Dark Curse. Plot Opening sequence The Jolly Roger is featured in the forest. Event chronology The Camelot flashbacks take place after \"The Bear King\". The Enchanted Forest flashbacks and the Storybrooke events take place after \"Birth\". In the Enchanted Forest and Camelot In the Vault of the Dark One, the Darkness enters Hook, making him remember all of the darkest moments of his life, including the time when Rumplestiltskin killed Milah and took his hand, when Rumplestiltskin took his heart as part of a (failed) plan to absorb Emma into Merlin's hat, and when Emma became the Dark One. This causes him to scream in agony, before he emerges outside of the Vault from dark energy, as the newest Dark One. Like Emma, he is greeted by a manifestation of Rumplestiltskin, who offers Hook a chance to seek revenge on the living Rumplestiltskin, but Hook is reluctant to take up the challenge, knowing what the manifestation is, and not wanting to give in to the darkness. David, Mary Margaret, Merlin, and the others search for Hook near the Vault of the Dark One, but they are too late, as Hook is no longer there. David expresses his frustration at being thwarted when they were so close to wiping out the Darkness, but Mary Margaret reminds him that they would have chosen to save their loved ones in any situation, which Emma did. Merlin tells them that this was the darkest possible future he saw for Emma, and that now, their fight to destroy the Darkness had become much more difficult. Merlin sends Lancelot to find his mother, the Lady of the Lake, as she can help them defeat the Darkness. Merlin heads back to the diner, while the others continue their search for Emma and Hook around the restaurant. When Hook says that the manifestation is lying, that there's no way to go back to Storybrooke, the manifestation taunts him by saying that he could use the Dark Curse to return. When Hook says that he would never use Emma's heart to enact the Curse, the manifestation says that for Dark Ones, \"there is always a loophole.\" Suddenly, Emma appears as the other Dark One, to convince Hook that they can work together to stop the Darkness by bonding together in love, and their kiss causes the manifestation of Rumplestiltskin to disappear. Later that night, Hook feels the \"pull\" of Excalibur towards the Dagger of the Dark One, despite Emma's claim that Excalibur had disappeared. When he calls Emma back, she admits that she has Excalibur, because Hook told her that he couldn't resist the darkness, making Hook furious with", "title": "Broken Heart (Once Upon a Time)" }, { "docid": "8632282", "text": "Cornelius Brothers & Sister Rose was an American family soul singing group, from Dania Beach, Florida, United States. It was formed in 1970 and gained popularity in the early 1970s. It was composed of siblings Carter, Eddie, and Rose Cornelius, who were joined by their sister Billie Jo Cornelius in 1972. Cleveland E. Barrett (a childhood friend), an original member of the group, was killed in a car accident before their chart success. Group career The group originally formed in the mid 60s with Eddie and Carter Cornelius as the Cornelius Brothers. After seeing a talent search ad in the paper, the duo auditioned for producer Bob Archibald who then signed them to his label. Rose Cornelius had already appeared on The Ed Sullivan Show in June 1967 and had been performing in Las Vegas and worldwide, touring in 1970 with a group called the Gospel Jazz Singers. She returned home to Florida at her mother's request to help form the group. The group hit the pop chart in 1971 with the single \"Treat Her Like a Lady\" (U.S. R&B Top 20, Billboard Hot 100 No. 3). The record was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America on 2 August 1971. The act succeeded again in 1972 with \"Too Late to Turn Back Now\" (U.S. R&B No. 5, Hot 100 No. 2); both songs were written by Eddie Cornelius. This also sold over one million copies with a gold disc awarded in August 1972. While the group failed to find any further success on the scale of their first two singles, two releases, \"Don't Ever Be Lonely\" and \"I'm Never Gonna Be Alone Anymore\" reached the Billboard Top 40. Their final charting single was \"Since I Found My Baby\" in 1974, from their third and last album. Their records were all produced by Bob Archibald at the Music Factory in Miami. Break up and aftermath The group disbanded in 1976 when Carter Cornelius joined a Black Hebrew sect in Miami and adopted the name Prince Gideon Israel. He wrote, recorded, and mixed music and videos for that group the next 15 years. He died of a heart attack on November 7, 1991. Eddie Cornelius became a born-again Christian and later an ordained pastor who continued to sing, produce, and write music. In June 2020, he released a memoir titled It's Not Too Late To Turn Back Now (Back To The Open Arms Of God). On January 19, 2001, the surviving members of the group filed a multimillion-dollar lawsuit against Capitol Records, Cornelius v. EMI Music, Inc., Case No. 2001-1350 CA-01, in the Miami Dade Circuit Court. The suit was dismissed without prejudice three years later for want of prosecution, meaning that the plaintiffs did not actively pursue the case. Discography Albums Singles **N.B.: \"Got to Testify (Love)\" reached No. 15 on the US Dance chart. References External links Eddie Cornelius interview with radio host Rob Schilling of The Schilling Show, April 18, 2011 It's Not Too Late To", "title": "Cornelius Brothers & Sister Rose" }, { "docid": "75344780", "text": "Songs I Sing on The Jackie Gleason Show is the debut album by American comedian Frank Fontaine, released in 1963. Reception Released in January, this album sold over 300,000 copies in its first month and went gold by May 1968. This was the tenth debut album to top the Billboard 200, and stayed on the top spot from March 16 to April 13. The recording received promotion on The Jackie Gleason Show, leading to international release. Editors at AllMusic rated this album 4.5 out of 5 stars. Track listing \"When Your Hair Has Turned to Silver\" (Peter DeRose and Charles Tobias) – 2:27 \"I'm Forever Blowing Bubbles\" (Jaan Kenbrovin and John W. Kellette) – 2:40 \"That Old Gang of Mine\" (Mort Dixon, Ray Henderson, and Billy Rose) – 2:36 \"Daddy's Little Girl\" (Bobby Burke) – 2:50 \"If You Were the Only Girl in the World\" (Nat D. Ayer and Clifford Grey) – 3:15 \"Mary's a Grand Old Name\" (George M. Cohan) – 2:38 \"(The Gang That Sang) Heart of My Heart\" (Ben Ryan) – 2:27 \"I Wonder Who's Kissing Her Now\" (Frank R. Adams, Joe E. Howard, and Will M. Hough) – 2:32 \"Beautiful\" (Frank Fontaine, Joe Riccitelli, and Murray Todris) – 3:06 \"If I Had My Way\" (James Kendis and Lou Klein) – 2:46 \"Always\" (Irving Berlin) – 2:44 \"Easter Parade\" (Berlin) – 2:42 Personnel Frank Fontaine – vocals ARW Productions – cover design Sid Feller – arrangement on \"I'm Forever Blowing Bubbles\", \"Daddy's Little Girl\", \"Mary's a Grand Old Name\", \"(The Gang That Sang) Heart of My Heart\", \"I Wonder Who's Kissing Her Now\", \"If I Had My Way\", and \"Easter Parade\"; production Jackie Gleason – liner notes Joe Lebow – liner design Maurice Seymour – cover photography Eddie Smith – engineering Sammy Spear – orchestra conducting Bill Stegmeyer – arrangement on \"When Your Hair Has Turned to Silver\", \"That Old Gang of Mine\", \"If You Were the Only Girl in the World\", \"Beautiful\", and \"Always\" See also List of 1963 albums List of Billboard 200 number-one albums of 1963 References External links 1963 debut albums ABC Records albums Albums arranged by Bill Stegmeyer Albums arranged by Sid Feller Albums produced by Sid Feller Frank Fontaine albums", "title": "Songs I Sing on The Jackie Gleason Show" }, { "docid": "32162468", "text": "Ryukyukoku Matsuri Daiko North Carolina is chapter of the Okinawan Eisa taiko ensemble Ryukyukoku Matsuri Daiko. The organization has chapters in Okinawa Prefecture, mainland Japan, Argentina, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, and various US locations. History The Ryukyukoku Matsuri Daiko (Ryukyu Kingdom Festival Drums) was formed in Okinawa in 1982 by former members of an Okinawan City youth group. The Ryukyu Kingdom is the ancient name for what is presently known as Okinawa, Japan. Located just southwest of mainland Japan and northeast of Taiwan, it consists of about fifty islands, of which Okinawa is the largest. Due to its unique location, its culture and traditions have been greatly influenced not only by Japan, but also China, Korea and southeast Asia. In 1994 a chapter of this organization was formed in Jacksonville, North Carolina. The group ranges in age from 5 years through late 20s. The group has performed at many festivals and events in North Carolina as well as New York City, Washington, DC and Virginia. Music and Choreography Ryukyukoku Matsuri Daiko's type of drum dancing is based on the old tradition of \"eisa\" (Okinawan obon drum dancing), but has a distinctive style of high kicks, karate moves and synchronized dance choreography. This organization was formed for the purpose of providing activities for the teenage youth group to keep them gainfully occupied. The young people of Okinawa gather in the summer \"eisa\" festival to dance for their ancestors. Using a variety of drums, they sing and dance asking their ancestors for good health and prosperity. The performers dance and drum simultaneously to an exciting blend of traditional and contemporary Okinawan and Japanese music. The group performs with several types of drums: the odaiko (big drum), which is suspended in front of the body by long pieces of purple cloth over the shoulder and back, the shime-daiko (hand-held, flat, two-sided drum), and the paranku (hand-held, flat, one-sided drum). The logo for all Ryukyukoku Matsuri Daiko chapters around the world is a stylized version of the Japanese kanji for heart imposed over a circle in red and white. The logo symbolizes the spirit of Okinawan eisa taiko and friendship spreading around the world, a theme often promoted by the club. Performers wear a black and white uniform styled on a Chinese costume called mumunchinhata. The uniform includes a red and gold obi and hachimaki or sagi for members in high school and older. Younger performers wear pink. Adult performers who use only the paranku wear yellow. There are a variety of other colored uniforms including yellow, red and green worn by performers who are dancing special parts. Notes References Kerr, George H. (1965). Okinawa, the History of an Island People. Rutland, Vermont: C.E. Tuttle Co. Eisa. (n.d.). In Webster's Dictionary online. Retrieved from http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/definitions/Eisa+%28dance%29?cx=partner-pub-0939450753529744%3Av0qd01-tdlq&cof=FORID%3A9&ie=UTF-8&q=Eisa+%28dance%29&sa=Search#906 External links Ryukyukoku Matsuri Daiko North Carolina Facebook Page http://www.facebook.com/people/Nc-Ryukyukoku-Matsuri-Daiko/100001662871600 Ryukyukoku Matsuri Daiko Okinawa http://www.ryucom.ne.jp/users/m-taiko/ Okinawan culture Okinawa Culture", "title": "Ryukyukoku Matsuri Daiko North Carolina" }, { "docid": "803655", "text": "\"Say You'll Be There\" is a song recorded by the English girl group Spice Girls for their debut studio album Spice (1996). The Spice Girls co-wrote the song with Eliot Kennedy after the group left Heart Management in 1995. Later, Jonathan Buck also received a songwriting credit. Produced by production duo Absolute, the song incorporates a mix of dance-pop and R&B influences. It also includes a harmonica solo played by Judd Lander. Once considered by the group's record label Virgin Records to be the group's debut single, it was released as the second single from Spice on 26 September 1996. The lyrics provide a female-first perspective on relationships. The song received mixed reviews from music critics, many of whom praised it for its catchiness, while others were critical of its production. It was a commercial success worldwide, reaching the top ten in most of the charts that it entered. The song became the Spice Girls' second number-one in the United Kingdom. In the United States, it debuted at number five on the Billboard Hot 100, setting, at the time, a record for the highest entry by a British act on the chart; it later peaked at number three. It was certified double platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) in the United Kingdom, platinum in New Zealand, and was further certified gold in five other countries. The music video was inspired by the films Faster, Pussycat! Kill! Kill! (1965) and Pulp Fiction (1994), and features the group as a band of female techno-warriors who use martial arts and high-tech ninja-influenced weapons to capture a hapless male. It includes symbols of male disempowerment, and serves as an example of solidarity and the group's bonding. It received positive reactions and was nominated for numerous awards including the 1996 Smash Hits Poll Winners Party, the 1997 MTV Video Music Awards, and the 1997 Brit Awards. Background In March 1994, father-and-son team Bob and Chris Herbert, together with financer Chic Murphy, working under the business name of Heart Management, decided to create a girl group to compete with the boy bands that dominated the British pop music scene of the time. They placed an advertisement in The Stage, which asked the question: \"Are you street smart, extrovert, ambitious, and able to sing and dance?\" After receiving hundreds of replies, the management had narrowed their search to a group of five girls: Victoria Adams, Melanie Brown, Melanie Chisholm, Geri Halliwell, and Michelle Stephenson. The group moved to a house in Maidenhead and received the name Touch. Stephenson was eventually fired because she lacked the drive of the other group members. She was replaced by Emma Bunton. In November, the group—now named Spice—persuaded their managers to set up a showcase in front of industry writers, producers, and A&R men at the Nomis Studios in Shepherd's Bush, London, where they received an \"overwhelmingly positive\" reaction. Due to the large interest in the group, the Herberts quickly set about creating a binding contract for them. Encouraged by the", "title": "Say You'll Be There" }, { "docid": "11013659", "text": "All Hail Blue and Gold is the official campus alma mater for the University of California, Berkeley. It was composed in 1905 by Harold Bingham who also wrote the California Indian Song and a number of other Cal songs. The song rapidly became more popular as a number of a cappella groups on campus performed the song and the Cal Band began to play it at the conclusion of all university events and athletic contests. Lyrics All Hail, Blue and Gold Thy colors unfold O'er loyal Californians, Whose hearts are strong and bold, All Hail, Blue and Gold Thy strength ne'er shall fail; For thee we'll die, All Hail! All Hail! All Hail, Blue and Gold To thee we shall cling; O'er golden fields of poppies, Thy praises we shall sing. All Hail, Blue and Gold On breezes ye sail; Thy sight we love, All Hail! All Hail! External sources Cal Band Song Page University of California, Berkeley", "title": "All Hail Blue and Gold" }, { "docid": "5437543", "text": "The 129th Rescue Wing (129 RQW) is a unit of the California Air National Guard, stationed at Moffett Federal Airfield in Sunnyvale, California. The wing is equipped with the HC-130J Combat King II and the HH-60G Pave Hawk helicopter. If activated to federal service, the wing is assigned to the United States Air Force's Air Combat Command (ACC). Overview Located in the heart of Silicon Valley, the 129th Rescue Wing's mission is to train and prepare to perform its wartime mission of combat search and rescue anywhere in the world. The unit also works closely with the Coast Guard and various civil agencies on state missions. Equipped with HC-130J Combat King II variants of the C-130 Hercules, HH-60G Pave Hawk rescue helicopters, and the Guardian Angel Weapon System (GAWS), the 129th has performed a wide variety of civilian search and rescue missions, including distressed persons aboard ships, lost or injured hikers, and medical evacuations. The primary mission is to prepare for wartime taskings as specified by applicable gaining commands. The peacetime mission is under the control of the Governor of California. Upon mobilization, the primary specified mission is combat search and rescue (CSAR). When directed by the California State Office of Emergency Services (OES) and/or the Department of Defense (DoD), the mission is to provide disaster relief support as required. This includes search and rescue (SAR) assistance to civil authorities, to include International Civil Aeronautics Organization (ICAO) signatories, and foreign governments. Federal Mission (United States Air Force): Train, prepare and conduct worldwide combat search and rescue operations, over land or water, in both hostile and permissive environments. The 129th Rescue Wing also provides Agile Combat Support capabilities to Combatant Commanders. State Mission (California Air National Guard): Support the Governor's office during state emergencies and contingencies by providing a wide range of capabilities, to include specialized search/rescue, aerial fire-fighting and Counter-Drug. Units 129th Operations Group (129 OG) 129th Rescue Squadron (129 RQS) HH-60G Pave Hawk 130th Rescue Squadron (130 RQS) HC-130J Combat King II 131st Rescue Squadron (131 RQS) ParaRescue 129th Maintenance Group (129 MXG) 129th Aircraft Maintenance Squadron (129 AMXS) 129th Maintenance Squadron (129 MXS) 129th Mission Support Group (129 MSG) 129th Security Forces Squadron (SFS) 129th Logistics Readiness Squadron (LRS) 129th Communications Flight (CF) 129th Force Support Flight (FSF) 129th Civil Engineering Flight (CEF) 129th Medical Group (129 MDG) Insignia The Air Force Shield is bordered by a white, a gold and blue background with two elongated stars in the blue field. A silver braid sword with red handle and hand protector divides the gold and blue fields. Superimposed over the sword and both fields is an olive wreath in green. The unit name is in blue on a white scroll. The emblem bears the colors of deep blue and gold for the Air Force and the colors red, white and blue for the United States of America. The sword symbolizes strength in war; the wreath symbolizes the peacetime mission. The deep blue field with the two stars and", "title": "129th Rescue Wing" }, { "docid": "27997835", "text": "Voyage of the Rock Aliens is a 1984 film directed by James Fargo and starring Pia Zadora and Craig Sheffer. Plot A guitar-shaped spaceship and Robot 1359 (voiced by Peter Cullen), search the universe for the source of rock and roll music. After discounting the planets Teldar and Malox, they come across Acirema. After listening to a dance/musical performance of “When the Rain Begins to Fall”, featuring Pia Zadora and Jermaine Jackson portraying members of rival gangs who fall in love, à la Romeo and Juliet, 1359 discounts this one too. The last planet left to visit is Earth. 1359 wakes the crew to visit the planet. A rocket telephone booth lands in the town of Speelburgh and ABCD (pronounced \"Absid\") (Tom Nolan) with his group of aliens exit. The humanoid aliens force robot 1359 to take the form of a fire hydrant. Only the Sheriff (Ruth Gordon) witnesses their landing, and she becomes obsessed with alien invaders. Dee Dee (Pia Zadora) is a singer in high school who is in love with Frankie (Craig Sheffer), the leader of Speelburgh's local high school rock band, The Pack (Jimmy and the Mustangs). She sings of her heart's desire to best friend Diane (Alison La Placa). Dee Dee's dream is to sing with the band; Frankie loves her but does not want her to sing with them. Meanwhile, a giant creature with tentacles lives in nearby Lake Eerie, a product of environmental pollution, and it periodically extends its arms throughout the town. As the aliens, played by the rock band RHEMA, search the area, they encounter Dee Dee, Frankie and The Pack at the local maltshop. Absid literally loses his head over Dee Dee (i.e. he explodes and needs to be put back together by his crew) and decides to win her heart. Meanwhile, his cohorts search for specimens such as flowers, leaves and cow chips. STUVWXYZ (pronounced \"Stovitz\") (Patrick Byrnes) stumbles across the path of two crazed mass murderers, Chainsaw (Michael Berryman) and The Breather (Wallace Merck), who recently escaped from The Speelburgh Asylum for the Criminally Insane. Feeling dejected by Frankie's refusal to let her sing, Dee Dee succumbs to the charms of Absid, who asks her to be the singer of his band at the Heidi High Cotillion Dance and Battle of the Bands. Frankie and The Pack arrive at the school to keep the aliens out... but they cannot stop them because of the aliens' powers: they teleport into the bathroom through the toilets. Dee Dee finally gets her chance to sing at a battle of the bands between the aliens and The Pack, with the very jealous Frankie furious that Dee Dee has switched sides. Absid and Dee Dee sneak off to the lake. While the tentacled creature searches the banks, Absid tries to convince Dee Dee to fly back to his planet. Hesitating, she agrees to visit the ship, but discovers once there that she will have to give up all human emotion to live on", "title": "Voyage of the Rock Aliens" } ]	[ "Neil Young" ]
train_21981	when was the term acid rain first used	[ { "docid": "11011368", "text": "Iron Mountain Mine, also known as the Richmond Mine at Iron Mountain, is a mine near Redding in Northern California, US. Geologically classified as a \"massive sulfide ore deposit\", the site was mined for iron, silver, gold, copper, zinc, quartz, and pyrite intermittently from the 1860s until 1963. The mine is the source of extremely acidic mine drainage which also contains large amounts of zinc, copper, and cadmium. One of America's most toxic waste sites, it has been listed as a federal Superfund site since 1983. History The first discovery of valuable mineral deposits at Iron Mountain was by Thomas Jefferson Harrison, Robert Lyon, and Stephan Alozo Meek in 1852. It became known as Pumptown later to be known as Buckeye all three partners sold their claims to Quartz Hill Gold mining company, based in Cook County Illinois. During its high point over two hundred stamp mills were under production, the site was mined by the Mountain Copper Company, Ltd., both underground using open stope mining techniques and at the surface in the form of open pit and sidehill mining. As a result, the mountain fractured and mineral deposits were exposed to oxygen, water, and certain bacteria, resulting in acidic mine drainage. Though mining operations were discontinued in 1963, underground mine workings, waste rock dumps, piles of mine tailings, and an open mine pit still remain at the site. The mine was designated a Superfund site in 1983 and a water treatment plant was built in 1994. In 2000, the government reached a settlement with Aventis CropScience (now part of Bayer), for the long-term funding of the cleanup efforts. Aventis, formerly known as Rhône-Poulenc, acquired Stauffer Chemical in 1987. Stauffer had purchased Mountain Copper Company in 1968 and in doing so took on the companies liabilities including the cleanup. Location and drainage The mine is located at in the Klamath Mountains of Shasta County, about 9 miles northwest of Redding. The mine area is drained by several creeks which ultimately enter the Spring Creek Reservoir, formed by the Spring Creek Dam, and finally the Keswick Reservoir formed by a dam across the Sacramento River. Historic mining activity at the site has fractured the mountain, exposing minerals in the mountain to surface water, rain water, and oxygen. When pyrite is exposed to moisture and oxygen, sulfuric acid forms. This sulfuric acid runs through the mountain and leaches out copper, cadmium, zinc, and other heavy metals. This acid flows out of the seeps and portals of the mine. Much of the acidic mine drainage ultimately is channeled into the Spring Creek Reservoir by creeks surrounding the mine. The Bureau of Reclamation periodically releases the stored acid mine drainage into Keswick Reservoir. Planned releases are timed to coincide with the presence of diluting releases of water from Shasta Dam. On occasion, uncontrolled spills and excessive waste releases have occurred when Spring Creek Reservoir reached capacity. Without sufficient dilution, this results in the release of harmful quantities of heavy metals into the Sacramento River.", "title": "Iron Mountain Mine" }, { "docid": "1245661", "text": "Robert Angus Smith FRS (15 February 1817 – 12 May 1884) was a Scottish chemist, who investigated numerous environmental issues. He is known for his research on air pollution in 1852, in the course of which he discovered what came to be known as acid rain. He is sometimes referred to as the 'Father of Acid Rain'. Education and early life Born at Pollokshaws, Glasgow, Smith was educated at the University of Glasgow in preparation for ministry in the Church of Scotland but left before graduating. He worked as a personal tutor and, accompanying a family to Gießen in 1839, he stayed on in Germany to study chemistry supervised by Justus von Liebig, earning a PhD in 1841. Career and research On returning to England the same year, he again considered Holy Orders but instead was attracted to Manchester to join the chemical laboratory of Lyon Playfair at the Royal Manchester Institution. Here he became involved in some of the environmental issues of the world's first industrial city (see History of Manchester). Playfair left for greener pastures in 1845 and Smith worked at making a living as an independent analytical chemist. After some initial alarming experiences, Smith refused to take on expert witness work which was a staple of consulting scientists of the day and which he saw as corrupt. Consequently, when the Alkali Inspectorate was established by the Alkali Act 1863, Smith's integrity made him the natural candidate. As Queen Victoria's Inspector of Alkali Works, he was the prototype of the scientific civil servant. He held the post until his death. He is buried in the graveyard of St Paul's Church on Kersal Moor, Salford In 1872 Smith published the book Air and Rain: The Beginnings of a Chemical Climatology, which presents his studies of the chemistry of atmospheric precipitation. These studies include the discovery, in 1852, of acid rain in northern British cities, a consequence of the burning of coal rich in sulfur. He was conferred with Honorary Membership of the Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland in 1884. After his death his collection of about 4,000 books was acquired by the library of Owens College, Manchester. They are now in the John Rylands University Library, the successor of the college library. Spiritualism Smith with his friend William Crookes, attended a séance on 21 April 1870 in London. He sent Crookes 15 letters on spiritualism between April 1869 and 1871. Smith did not choose to write widely about spiritualism as he believed it might damage his scientific reputation. He was a member of the Society for Psychical Research from 1882 to 1884. After he died, 89 books on the occult were discovered in his library. Awards and honours Smith was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1857. Publications On Sewage and Sewage Rivers (1855) Disinfectants and Disinfection (1869) Air and Rain: The Beginnings of a Chemical Climatology (1872) Chemical and Physical Researches (1876) Loch Etive and the sons of Uisnach: With Illustrations (1879) A", "title": "Robert Angus Smith" } ]	[ { "docid": "31820607", "text": "The Air Quality Agreement is an environmental treaty between Canada and the United States. It was signed on 13 March 1991 by Canadian prime minister Brian Mulroney and American President George H. W. Bush and entered into force immediately. It was popularly referred to during its negotiations as the \"Acid Rain Treaty\", especially in Canada. The treaty aimed at reducing toxic air pollutants primarily responsible for causing acid rain, such as (SO2) and (NOx). Negotiations began in 1986 when Mulroney first discussed the issue with then-president Reagan. Mulroney repeatedly pressed the issue in public meetings with Reagan in 1987 and 1988 The U.S. Canada Air Quality Agreement Overview In 1991 The United States and Canada signed a bilateral executive agreement aimed at reducing transboundary air pollution referred to as The U.S. Canada Air Quality Agreement (AQA). A bilateral agreement occurs when two parties, in this case two countries, undertake a mutual obligation to fulfill a set goal. Transboundary air pollution occurs when pollution created in one country negatively impacting another country. The bilateral agreement has three main objectives: reducing the impacts of transboundary pollution, prioritizing health and the environment, and corroborating to ensure each country is meeting its air quality standards. By signing the agreement, both countries concur that transboundary pollution could be mitigated through collaboration and cohesive actions. An Air Quality Committee was formed responsible for reporting progress every two years. In 2007, both parties successfully reached their targets outlined in the Acid Rain Annex and the Ozone Annex, demonstrating an overall emissions decrease and effective participation from both parties. The Acid Rain Annex The United States-Canada Air Quality Agreement initially prioritized the reduction of acid rain within each country. Established in 1991, the Acid Rain Annex aimed at reducing NOx and SO2, the main contributors of acid rain. The annex includes preventative measures aimed at minimizing declining air quality, visibility impairment, and actively monitoring emissions. Both countries independently sought to mitigate acid rain and its effects. Canada established the Eastern Canada Acid Rain Program in 1985 aimed at decreasing acid rain in Canada’s seven Eastern Provinces by 1994. By 1998 the Canadian Council of Ministers created the “Canada-Wide Acid Rain Strategy for Post 2000” a strategic plan set in place prioritizing human health and protecting sensitive communities affected by acid rain. The plan had four main elements: consistent reports to the public and the Ministers, reducing Sulphur Dioxide in the seven provinces, promoting continuous scientific research and monitoring, and preventive measures for non-affected areas. Canada is more vulnerable than the United States to acid rain, due to its geology and lack of compounds responsible for neutralizing acid deposition. Additionally, attributed to its downward position, Canada endures high levels of air pollution from the United States, with nearly fifty percent of pollution in Canada originating from the United States, further contributing to the formation of acid rain in Canada. The United States, in comparison, has few areas vulnerable to acid rain, with the regions being located mainly in the", "title": "U.S.–Canada Air Quality Agreement" }, { "docid": "1575583", "text": "Acid gas is a particular typology of natural gas or any other gas mixture containing significant quantities of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), carbon dioxide (CO2), or similar acidic gases. A gas is determined to be acidic or not after it is mixed with water. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, anything above 7 is basic while anything below 7 is acidic. Water has a neutral pH of 7 so once a gas is mixed with water, if the resulting mixture has a pH of less than 7 that means it is an acidic gas. The term/s acid gas and sour gas are often incorrectly treated as synonyms. Strictly speaking, a sour gas is any gas that specifically contains hydrogen sulfide in significant amounts; an acid gas is any gas that contains significant amounts of acidic gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2) or hydrogen sulfide. Thus, carbon dioxide by itself is an acid gas but not a sour gas. Dangers of acid gas Once a process burns a gas containing an acidic mixture, that acid gas is released into the atmosphere. This causes one of manufacturing's most detrimental effects on the environment, acid rain. The acidic gases burned from one power plant can travel hundreds of miles after the gas mixes with water molecules in the atmosphere. The compounds then fall to the earth again in different forms of precipitation (acid rain) and can cause respiratory health issues in humans, kill plants and wildlife, erode structures and buildings, and contaminate water sources. Acid gases are also hazardous in other ways than polluting the environment. Acid gases can be extremely flammable and explosive under pressure, so must be kept away from heat, sparks, or open flames. Hydrogen sulfide is a toxic gas, it can cause breathing problems and asphyxiation. It also is very corrosive to metals which restricts the materials that can be used for piping and other equipment for handling sour gas, as many metals are sensitive to sulfide stress cracking. Carbon dioxide at concentrations of 7% to 10.1% causes dizziness, headache, visual and hearing dysfunction, and unconsciousness within a few minutes to an hour. Concentrations above 17% are lethal when exposed for more than one minute. Processing and safety Before a raw natural gas containing hydrogen sulfide and/or carbon dioxide can be used, the raw gas must be treated to reduce impurities to acceptable levels and this is commonly done with an amine gas treating process. There are physical and chemical absorption processes to removing the toxic properties of these gases, both of which involve the syngas being washed with a lean solvent in an absorber to remove the H2S. Once the toxic gas leaves the bottom of the absorber it is sent to a regenerator where the solution is further stripped with steam under extremely lower pressures to remover the sulfur from the gas. The removed H2S is most often subsequently converted to by-product elemental sulfur in a Claus process or alternatively converted to valuable sulfuric acid in", "title": "Acid gas" }, { "docid": "30515922", "text": "Pollution is an environmental issue in Canada. It has posed health risks to the Canadian population and is an area of concern for Canadian lawmakers. Air, water and soil pollution as well as the associated health effects are prominent points of contention in modern Canadian society. Air pollution Air pollution in Canada is contributed by industrial and vehicular emissions, agriculture, construction, wood burning, and energy production. Ongoing monitoring of Canada's Air Pollutant Emissions Inventory shows that 14 of the 17 of the air pollutants monitored are decreasing compared to historical levels. 2019 data shows that Canada is expected to meet or exceed it's emission reduction commitments for 2020, as per the amended Gothenburg Protocol. Oil sands pollution While overall pollution levels have dropped, it was found that oil sand pollution has increased by 20% since 2009. Tar sands facilities were found to be among the top four highest polluters of volatile organic compounds (VOCs)- a major air contaminant. VOCs and other air contaminants are set to increase in the future as a result of continued output from the oil sands. Oil sand pollution is not only set to increase VOCs, but also, acid rain. Acid rain is rain that has been contaminated by airborne chemicals, making it acidic. Two major causes of acid rain are sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide. Acid rain can cause damage to soil, water, wildlife, plants and buildings. Additionally, the airborne particles that cause acid rain can also contribute to smog. In recent years progress has been made in reducing acid rain, however, Alberta's oil sands may soon set back this progress. Pollution from oil wells In southeastern Saskatchewan, air pollution from oil production has breached provincial air quality standards hundreds of times since 2014. Canada/United States transboundary pollution In recent years, the Canada-United States Air Quality Agreement, signed on 13 March 1992, has improved air quality by reducing sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide emissions in both countries. The agreement was meant to address the issue of transnational air pollution between the two countries. The agreement was expanded in 2000 to also include goals of reducing emissions of volatile organic compounds and levels of ground-level ozone. Ground-level ozone is caused by reactions between nitrogen oxides and VOCs in the presence of sunlight. Ozone is a contributor to smog and is known to cause numerous respiratory diseases. The 2012 Canada-United States Air Quality Agreement Progress Report found that \"Canada's total emissions of sulfur dioxide have decreased by 57% from 1990 levels while the U.S. has reduced total sulfur dioxide emissions from covered sources by 67% from their 1990 emission levels. Between 2000 and 2010, Canada reduced total emissions of nitrogen oxides by 40% in the transboundary ozone region while U.S. total nitrogen oxide emissions decreased by 42% in the region\". While transnational pollution between the United States and Canada has decreased many Canadians still say they contend with polluted air as a result of drifting pollution from the U.S. Approximately 70% of the air pollution in Canada", "title": "Pollution in Canada" }, { "docid": "18160997", "text": "Rain and snow mixed (American English) or sleet (Commonwealth English) is precipitation composed of a mixture of rain and partially melted snow. Unlike ice pellets, which are hard, and freezing rain, which is fluid until striking an object where it fully freezes, this precipitation is soft and translucent, but it contains some traces of ice crystals from partially fused snowflakes, also called slush. In any one location, it usually occurs briefly as a transition phase from rain to snow or vice-versa, but hits the surface before fully transforming. Its METAR code is RASN or SNRA. Terminology This precipitation type is commonly known as sleet in most Commonwealth countries. However, the United States National Weather Service uses the term sleet to refer to ice pellets instead. Formation This precipitation occurs when the temperature in the lowest part of the atmosphere is slightly above the freezing point of water The depth of low-level warm air (below the freezing level) needed to melt snow falling from above to rain varies from about and depends on the mass of the flakes and the lapse rate of the melting layer. Rain and snow typically mix when the melting layer depth falls between these values as rain starts forming when in that range. \"Wintry showers\" or \"wintry mixes\" Wintry showers is a somewhat informal meteorological term, used primarily in the United Kingdom, to refer to various mixtures of rain, graupel and snow at once. Though there is no \"official\" definition of the term, in the United Kingdom it is not used when there is any significant accumulation of snow on the ground. It is often used when the temperature of the ground surface is above , preventing snow from accumulating even if the air temperature near the surface is slightly below ; but even then, the falling precipitation must generally have something else other than exclusively snow. In the United States, wintry mix generally refers to a mixture of freezing rain, ice pellets, and snow. In contrast to the usage in the United Kingdom, in the United States it is usually used when both air and ground temperatures are below . Additionally, it is generally used when some surface accumulation of ice and snow is expected to occur. During winter, a wide area can be affected by the multiple mixed precipitation types typical of a wintry mix during a single winter storm, as counterclockwise winds around a storm system bring warm air northwards ahead of the system, and then bring cold air back southwards behind it. Most often, it is the region ahead of the approaching storm system which sees the wintry mix, as warm air moves northward and above retreating cold air in a warm front, causing snow to change into ice pellets, freezing rain and finally rain. The reverse transition can occur behind the departing low-pressure system, though it is more common for precipitation to freeze directly from rain to snow, or for it to stop before a transition back. See also Freezing rain", "title": "Rain and snow mixed" }, { "docid": "68170987", "text": "The Kesternich test is a common name for the corrosion test with sulfur dioxide (SO2) under general moisture condensation. This test was developed in 1951 by Wilhelm Kesternich to simulate the damaging effects of acid rain. Acid rain and acidic industrial pollutants are corrosive and can degrade coatings and plated surfaces. Kesternich testing, or sulfur dioxide testing, simulates acid rain or industrial chemical exposure to evaluate the relative corrosion resistance of the coating, substrate, or part itself. The test can be used for coatings or for base materials. The test method is defined by various standards, DIN EN ISO 6988, DIN 50018, ASTM G87, ISO 3231, ISO 22479 are the most common. The parts to be tested are placed in a test chamber with a capacity of 300L and exposed to warm, moist air in combination with a certain amount of sulfur dioxide Note: Sulfur is interchangeable with Sulphur and SO2 is the abbreviation for Sulfur/Sulphur Dioxide Equipment The test chamber has a set volume of 300L. The construction of the inner housing of the chamber and the devices for arranging the samples must be made of inert and corrosion-resistant materials so that there is no reaction between the sample to be tested and the material of the chamber. The SO2 injection can be performed manually or automatically depending on the chamber. Principle The principle of the test is simple: • A defined amount of distilled or deionized water is poured into the floor pan of the test chamber. • The samples are placed in the chamber above the water level. The door or hood of the chamber is tightly closed and hermetically sealed for safety. • A fixed volume of sulfur dioxide is introduced into the chamber, usually either 1 L (0.33%) or 2 L (0.66%) Volume of SO2. The test is performed in two sections, o Test section 1: 8 hours warm-up to 40±3 °C (relative humidity 100%) o Test section 2: 16 hours cooling to 18 to 28 °C (relative humidity max. 75 %) The test is usually carried out in cycles of 24 hours each. Caution: The atmosphere containing sulfur dioxide must not be released into the room air. Evaluation Take samples from the chamber and let them dry in the room air. An initial assessment is made before any corrosion products are removed. When the tested parts are cleaned, the evaluation criteria must be taken into account. Possible characteristics for evaluation: appearance after the test, appearance after removal of the corrosion products, number and size of imperfections, time to first corrosion, loss of mass. The results are described in a test report. Sources • DIN EN ISO 6988 Metallic and other inorganic coatings - Test with sulfur dioxide with general moisture condensation, March 1997. • DIN 50018 testing in an alternating condensation climate with an atmosphere containing sulfur dioxide, June 1997. • The importance of corrosion test procedures with special consideration of the SO2 test according to DIN 50018, Wilhelm Kesternich, published in Materials and", "title": "Kesternich test" }, { "docid": "38694720", "text": "\"Acid Rain\" is a song recorded by American recording artist Alexis Jordan. It was written by Sia with co-writing and production from Norwegian production outfit StarGate and Dutch disc jockeys (DJs) Bingo Players. The latter duo are credited for the inclusion of a sample of their own electro house single \"Get Up (Rattle)\". \"Acid Rain\" initially premiered on January 14, 2013, featuring two verses of Jordan's label-mate, American rapper J. Cole. An alternate version of the song excluding Cole was released for digital download on February 20, 2013. Background and release On June 10, 2011, Jordan released \"Hush Hush\" as the third and final single from her self-titled debut album. This was followed by her feature on Sean Paul's single \"Got 2 Luv U\", which was released on July 19, 2011. All the while, she began working on her second album at Roc the Mic studios in New York City with frequent collaborators StarGate. During a video blog released in November, Jordan revealed she had nearly finished the album. On January 14, 2013, \"Acid Rain\" premiered online featuring J. Cole. Jordan announced it would be the lead single from her second studio album. It heavily samples the song \"Get Up (Rattle)\" by Dutch disc jockeys (DJs) Bingo Players. The final version of the song, excluding Cole's two verses, was released as a digital download on February 20, 2013. She performed the song live for the first time at the Miami Music Week party on March 22, 2013. Chart performance On March 2, 2013, it charted in the Netherlands where it debuted at number 99 and peaked, the following week, at 88. It spent only three weeks on the chart. In Belgium it did not achieve enough airplay to reach the top 50, and peaked at 5 in the Flanders Ultratip (equivalent of 55 on the main chart). On the Czech singles chart, the song peaked at 47. In the US, it failed to chart on the Billboard Hot 100, but made an appearance on the dance chart, peaking at number one in May 2013. Track listing Digital download \"Acid Rain\" – 3:36 Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts See also List of number-one dance singles of 2013 (U.S.) References 2013 songs 2013 singles Alexis Jordan songs Song recordings produced by Stargate (record producers) Songs written by Sia (musician) Songs written by Tor Erik Hermansen Songs written by Mikkel Storleer Eriksen Songs written by Maarten Hoogstraten Roc Nation singles", "title": "Acid Rain (Alexis Jordan song)" }, { "docid": "794849", "text": "An acidic oxide is an oxide that either produces an acidic solution upon addition to water, or acts as an acceptor of hydroxide ions effectively functioning as a Lewis acid. Acidic oxides will typically have a low pKa and may be inorganic or organic. A commonly encountered acidic oxide, carbon dioxide produces an acidic solution (and the generation of carbonic acid) when dissolved. The acidity of an oxide can be reasonably assumed by its accompanying constituents. Less electronegative elements tend to form basic oxides such as sodium oxide and magnesium oxide, whereas more electronegative elements tend to produce acidic oxides as seen with carbon dioxide and phosphorus pentoxide. Some oxides like aluminium oxides are amphoteric. Acidic oxides are of environmental concern. Sulfur and nitrogen oxides are considered air pollutants as they react with atmospheric water vapour to produce acid rain. Examples Carbonic acid is an illustrative example of the Lewis acidity of an acidic oxide. CO2 + 2OH− HCO3− + OH− CO32− + H2O This property is a key reason for keeping alkali chemicals well sealed from the atmosphere, as long-term exposure to carbon dioxide in the air can degrade the material. Carbon dioxide is also the anhydride of carbonic acid: Chromium trioxide, which reacts with water forming chromic acid: Dinitrogen pentoxide, which reacts with water forming nitric acid: Manganese heptoxide, which reacts with water forming permanganic acid: Further examples Aluminium oxide Aluminium oxide (Al2O3) is an amphoteric oxide; it can act as a base or acid. For example, with base different aluminate salts will be formed: Al2O3 + 2 NaOH + 3 H2O → 2 NaAl(OH)4 Silicon dioxide Silicon dioxide is an acidic oxide. It will react with strong bases to form silicate salts. Silicon dioxide is the anhydride of silicic acid: Phosphorus oxides Phosphorus(III) oxide reacts to form phosphorous acid in water: P4O6 + 6 H2O → 4 H3PO3 Phosphorus(V) oxide reacts with water to give phosphoric acid: P4O10 + 6 H2O → 4 H3PO4 Sulfur oxides Sulfur dioxide reacts with water to form the weak acid, sulfurous acid: SO2 + H2O → H2SO3 Sulfur trioxide forms the strong acid sulfuric acid with water: SO3 + H2O → H2SO4 This reaction is important in the manufacturing of sulfuric acid. Chlorine oxides Chlorine(I) oxide reacts with water to form hypochlorous acid, a very weak acid: Chlorine(VII) oxide reacts with water to form perchloric acid, a strong acid: Cl2O7 + H2O → 2 HClO4 Iron oxides Iron(II) oxide is the anhydride of the aqueous ferrous ion: Chromium oxides Chromium trioxide is the anhydride of chromic acid: Vanadium oxides Vanadium trioxide is the anhydride of vanadous acid: Vanadium pentoxide is the anhydride of vanadic acid: See also Organic acid anhydride, similar compounds in organic chemistry Base anhydride References", "title": "Acidic oxide" }, { "docid": "2423712", "text": "Magic acid (FSO3H·SbF5) is a superacid consisting of a mixture, most commonly in a 1:1 molar ratio, of fluorosulfuric acid (HSO3F) and antimony pentafluoride (SbF5). This conjugate Brønsted–Lewis superacid system was developed in the 1960s by the George Olah lab at Case Western Reserve University, and has been used to stabilize carbocations and hypercoordinated carbonium ions in liquid media. Magic acid and other superacids are also used to catalyze isomerization of saturated hydrocarbons, and have been shown to protonate even weak bases, including methane, xenon, halogens, and molecular hydrogen. History The term \"superacid\" was first used in 1927 when James Bryant Conant found that perchloric acid could protonate ketones and aldehydes to form salts in nonaqueous solution. The term itself was coined by R. J. Gillespie later, after Conant combined sulfuric acid with fluorosulfuric acid, and found the solution to be several million times more acidic than sulfuric acid alone. The magic acid system was developed in the 1960s by George Olah, and was to be used to study stable carbocations. Gillespie also used the acid system to generate electron-deficient inorganic cations. The name originated after a Christmas party in 1966, when a member of the Olah lab placed a paraffin candle into the acid, and found that it dissolved quite rapidly. Examination of the solution with 1H-NMR showed a tert-butyl cation, suggesting that the paraffin chain that forms the wax had been cleaved, then isomerized into the relatively stable tertiary carbocation. The name appeared in a paper published by the Olah lab. Properties Structure Although a 1:1 molar ratio of HSO3F and SbF5 best generates carbonium ions, the effects of the system at other molar ratios have also been documented. When the ratio SbF5:HSO3F is less than 0.2, the following two equilibria, determined by 19F NMR spectroscopy, are the most prominent in solution: (In both of these structures, the sulfur has tetrahedral coordination, not planar. The double bonds between sulfur and oxygen are more properly represented as single bonds, with formal negative charges on the oxygen atoms and a formal plus two charge on the sulfur. The antimony atoms will also have a formal charge of minus one.) In the above figure, Equilibrium I accounts for 80% of the NMR data, while Equilibrium II accounts for about 20%. As the ratio of the two compounds increases from 0.4–1.4, new NMR signals appear and increase in intensity with increasing concentrations of SbF5. The resolution of the signals decreases as well, because of the increasing viscosity of the liquid system. Strength All proton-producing acids stronger than 100% sulfuric acid are considered superacids, and are characterized by low values of the Hammett acidity function. For instance, sulfuric acid, H2SO4, has a Hammett acidity function, H0, of −12, perchloric acid, HClO4, has a Hammett acidity function, of −13, and that of the 1:1 magic acid system, HSO3F·SbF5, is −23. Fluoroantimonic acid, the strongest known superacid, is believed to reach extrapolated H0 values down to −28. Uses Observations of stable carbocations Magic acid has", "title": "Magic acid" }, { "docid": "62524687", "text": "Lester Machta (February 17, 1919 – August 31, 2001) was an American meteorologist, the first director of the Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Life Lester Machta was born in Brooklyn, New York, the son of Jewish immigrants from Russia. He attended City College and Brooklyn College, graduating in 1939. After a year of graduate study Machta entered military service as a meteorology instructor training pilots for the Army and Army Air Corps. He received an M.A. in meteorology from New York University in 1946 and a Sc.D. in meteorology from M.I.T. in 1948. He married Phyllis Margaretten in 1948; they had two children. Career In 1948 Harry Wexler hired Machta to join the United States Weather Bureau as Chief of the Special Projects Section, which later became the Air Resources Laboratory. The Special Projects Section was created to study the atmospheric effects of nuclear weapons tests. Even before the Soviet Union developed its first atomic bomb, the US made preparations to detect and analyze nuclear testing, and when the first Soviet bomb was detonated in 1949 there was a concerted effort to determine its yield, location, and the subsequent transport of radioactive materials. Under Machta’s direction, the Special Projects Section assisted in weapons testing at the Nevada and Bikini test sites by providing predictions of near-term downwind nuclear fallout from the explosions. Machta also studied the long-term fallout resulting from radioactive materials injected into the stratosphere by nuclear testing. He realized that radioactive materials in the atmosphere could also serve as useful tracers to understand atmospheric circulation. The Atomic Energy Commission initially minimized the risk from long-term fallout using a simple model developed by Willard Libby that presumed fallout would be well-mixed in the stratosphere, would reach the ground over a period of 10 years, and be uniformly distributed over the surface of the Earth. Machta used the more realistic Brewer-Dobson model of atmospheric circulation, showing that radioactive fallout would reach the ground sooner and be concentrated in the populated mid-latitudes, and thus produce much greater health risks. He presented these conclusions in Congressional testimony, contributing significantly to the scientific rationale for ending above-ground nuclear testing. Machta participated in the 1958 Experts’ Conference in Geneva that lead to the 1963 Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. Machta's concerns extended to other pollutants in the atmosphere including acid rain, ozone, and most significantly, greenhouse gases. He played a central role in establishing and, from 1971 to 1989, supervising the Geophysical Monitoring for Climatic Change program (now in the NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory). The GMCC program incorporated the already existing Mauna Loa and South Pole Observatories operated by Charles David Keeling, whose long-term measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide would eventually be recognized as essential for the study of global warming Machta meanwhile became an expert on stratospheric ozone, publishing numerous scientific papers on the subject while overseeing the United States network of Dobson ozone spectrophotometers. He served as a member of the International Ozone Commission", "title": "Lester Machta" }, { "docid": "1427251", "text": "Alkalinity (from ) is the capacity of water to resist acidification. It should not be confused with basicity, which is an absolute measurement on the pH scale. Alkalinity is the strength of a buffer solution composed of weak acids and their conjugate bases. It is measured by titrating the solution with an acid such as HCl until its pH changes abruptly, or it reaches a known endpoint where that happens. Alkalinity is expressed in units of concentration, such as meq/L (milliequivalents per liter), μeq/kg (microequivalents per kilogram), or mg/L CaCO3 (milligrams per liter of calcium carbonate). Each of these measurements corresponds to an amount of acid added as a titrant. In freshwater, particularly those on non-limestone terrains, alkalinities are low and involve a lot of ions. In the ocean, on the other hand, alkalinity is completely dominated by carbonate and bicarbonate plus a small contribution from borate. Although alkalinity is primarily a term used by limnologists and oceanographers, it is also used by hydrologists to describe temporary hardness. Moreover, measuring alkalinity is important in determining a stream's ability to neutralize acidic pollution from rainfall or wastewater. It is one of the best measures of the sensitivity of the stream to acid inputs. There can be long-term changes in the alkalinity of streams and rivers in response to human disturbances such as acid rain generated by SOx and NOx emissions. History In 1884, Professor Wilhelm (William) Dittmar of Anderson College, now the University of Strathclyde, analysed 77 pristine seawater samples from around the world brought back by the Challenger expedition. He found that in seawater the major ions were in a fixed ratio, confirming the hypothesis of Johan Georg Forchhammer, that is now known as the Principle of Constant Proportions. However, there was one exception. Dittmar found that the concentration of calcium was slightly greater in the deep ocean, and named this increase alkalinity. Also in 1884, Svante Arrhenius submitted his PhD theses in which he advocated the existence of ions in solution, and defined acids as hydronium ion donors and bases as hydroxide ion donors. For that work, he received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1903. See also Svante Arrhenius#Ionic disassociation. Simplified summary Alkalinity roughly refers to the molar amount of bases in a solution that can be converted to uncharged species by a strong acid. For example, 1 mole of in solution represents 1 molar equivalent, while 1 mole of is 2 molar equivalents because twice as many H+ ions would be necessary to balance the charge. The total charge of a solution always equals zero. This leads to a parallel definition of alkalinity that is based upon the charge balance of ions in a solution. Certain ions, including Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl−, , and are \"conservative\" such that they are unaffected by changes in temperature, pressure or pH. Others such as are affected by changes in pH, temperature, and pressure. By isolating the conservative ions on one side of this charge balance equation, the nonconservative ions", "title": "Alkalinity" }, { "docid": "41822", "text": "The troposphere is the lowest layer of the atmosphere of Earth. It contains 80% of the total mass of the planetary atmosphere and 99% of the total mass of water vapor and aerosols, and is where most weather phenomena occur. From the planetary surface of the Earth, the average height of the troposphere is in the tropics; in the middle latitudes; and in the high latitudes of the polar regions in winter; thus the average height of the troposphere is . The term troposphere derives from the Greek words tropos (rotating) and sphaira (sphere) indicating that rotational turbulence mixes the layers of air and so determines the structure and the phenomena of the troposphere. The rotational friction of the troposphere against the planetary surface affects the flow of the air, and so forms the planetary boundary layer (PBL) that varies in height from hundreds of meters up to . The measures of the PBL vary according to the latitude, the landform, and the time of day when the meteorological measurement is realized. Atop the troposphere is the tropopause, which is the functional atmospheric border that demarcates the troposphere from the stratosphere. As such, because the tropopause is an inversion layer in which air-temperature increases with altitude, the temperature of the tropopause remains constant. The layer has the largest concentration of nitrogen. Structure of the troposphere Composition The Earth's planetary atmosphere contains, besides other gases, water vapour and carbon dioxide, which produce carbonic acid in rain water, which therefore has an approximate natural pH of 5.0 to 5.5 (slightly acidic). (Water other than atmospheric water vapour fallen as fresh rain, such as fresh/sweet/potable/river water, will usually be affected by the physical environment and may not be in this pH range.) Atmospheric water vapour holds suspended gasses in it (not by mass),78.08% nitrogen as N2, 20.95% oxygen as O2, 0.93% argon, trace gases, and variable amounts of condensing water (from saturated water vapor). Any carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere from a pressurised source combines with the carbonic acid water vapour and momentarily reduces the atmospheric pH by negligible amounts. Respiration from animals releases out of equilibrium carbonic acid and low levels of other ions. Combustion of hydrocarbons which is not a chemical reaction releases to atmosphere carbonic acid water as; saturates, condensates, vapour or gas (invisible steam). Combustion can releases particulates (carbon/soot and ash) as well as molecules forming nitrites and sulphites which will reduce the atmospheric pH of the water slightly or harmfully in highly industrialised areas where this is classed as air pollution and can create the phenomena of acid rain, a pH lower than the natural pH5.56. The negative effects of the by-products of combustion released into the atmospheric vapour can be removed by the use of scrubber towers and other physical means, the captured pollutants can be processed into a valuable by-product. The sources of atmospheric water vapor are the bodies of water (oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, swamps), and vegetation on the planetary surface, which humidify the", "title": "Troposphere" }, { "docid": "4410074", "text": "Soil acidification is the buildup of hydrogen cations, which reduces the soil pH. Chemically, this happens when a proton donor gets added to the soil. The donor can be an acid, such as nitric acid, sulfuric acid, or carbonic acid. It can also be a compound such as aluminium sulfate, which reacts in the soil to release protons. Acidification also occurs when base cations such as calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium are leached from the soil. Soil acidification naturally occurs as lichens and algae begin to break down rock surfaces. Acids continue with this dissolution as soil develops. With time and weathering, soils become more acidic in natural ecosystems. Soil acidification rates can vary, and increase with certain factors such as acid rain, agriculture, and pollution. Causes Acid rain Rainfall is naturally acidic due to carbonic acid forming from carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. This compound causes rainfall pH to be around 5.0–5.5. When rainfall has a lower pH than natural levels, it can cause rapid acidification of soil. Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are precursors of stronger acids that can lead to acid rain production when they react with water in the atmosphere. These gases may be present in the atmosphere due to natural sources such as lightning and volcanic eruptions, or from anthropogenic emissions. Basic cations like calcium are leached from the soil as acidic rainfall flows, which allows aluminum and proton levels to increase. Nitric and sulfuric acids in acid rain and snow can have different effects on the acidification of forest soils, particularly seasonally in regions where a snow pack may accumulate during the winter. Snow tends to contain more nitric acid than sulfuric acid, and as a result, a pulse of nitric acid-rich snow meltwater may leach through high elevation forest soils during a short time in the spring. This volume of water may comprise as much as 50% of the annual precipitation. The nitric acid flush of meltwater may cause a sharp, short term, decrease in the drainage water pH entering groundwater and surface waters. The decrease in pH can solubilize Al3+ that is toxic to fish, especially newly-hatched fry with immature gill systems through which they pass large volumes of water to obtain O2 for respiration. As the snow meltwater flush passes, water temperatures rise, and lakes and streams produce more dissolved organic matter; the Al concentration in drainage water decreases and is bound to organic acids, making it less toxic to fish. In rain, the ratio of nitric-to-sulfuric acids decreases to approximately 1:2. The higher sulfuric acid content of rain also may not release as much Al3+ from soils as does nitric acid, in part due to the retention (adsorption) of SO42- by soils. This process releases OH− into soil solution and buffers the pH decrease caused by the added H+ from both acids. The forest floor organic soil horizons (layers) that are high in organic matter also buffer pH, and decrease the load of H+ that subsequently leaches through underlying mineral", "title": "Soil acidification" }, { "docid": "67544842", "text": "The Vale Living with Lakes Centre is a research center for The Cooperative Freshwater Ecology Unit in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. The centre consists of 2 buildings totalling 2,643m² (28,441 sq ft). The 2 storey main building (2,125m² / 22,865 sq ft) contains offices, laboratories, and teaching/meeting spaces. The second building also known as the Watershed Centre (518m² / 5,576 sq ft) contains field crew operations, storage, and specialized facilities. The Vale Living with Lakes Centre was designed by Peter Busby of Busby, Perkins + Will in collaboration with Jeff Laberge from J.L. Richards and Associates who provided engineering and architectural services. The scientists and clients of the Living with Lakes Centre wanted the project to improve the site through the construction of the centre. Therefore, by designing with sustainable landscaping strategies and the design of stormwater management systems, the water leaves the site cleaner than when it entered ensuring the Living with Lakes Centre does not harm the waters of Lake Ramsey through its operation. The design team worked in collaboration with the scientists that would later occupy the building to optimize the architectural conditions to their standards to produce the Living with Lakes Centre. This integrated design process required the equal input of people with engineering specialties, design specialties, and ecosystem regeneration specialties to benefit the project as a whole. During the design process the integrated group had two concepts that drove the project: good architecture equals good engineering and no one knows more than everyone. These concepts provide insight into the thought process through the design and build of the Vale Living with Lakes Centre which reiterates the importance of an integrated design approach. History The city of Sudbury has a history of nickel and copper mining which resulted in environmental damage, including the clear-cutting of forests and acid rain. Due to this mining history the vegetation in the region was damaged, and new vegetation could not grow in the acidic soil, resulting in the fauna in the area also being negatively impacted. Also, the lakes and water systems in the area became acidified resulting in a drastic loss of biodiversity in the Sudbury area. In the late 1970s, the City of Sudbury started regreening efforts in the city to remediate the damaged landscape through the human intervention of distributing lime across the barren landscape to balance the acidic soil to allow vegetation to grow once again. The acidification of lakes in the area due to acid rain resulted in a lack of biology making it an obvious choice for the research of lake remediation. Thus resulting in the Vale Living with Lakes Centre which houses the Cooperative Freshwater Ecology Unit. The Cooperative Freshwater Ecology Unit was in need of a new office space for research after the old 1940’s cabins they used for research became too run down. This group researches stressors that can affect the health of water-based ecosystems in the North which includes climate change, invasive species, and loss of biodiversity, making Ramsey Lake in", "title": "Vale Living with Lakes Centre" }, { "docid": "30746713", "text": "Rain dust or snow dust, traditionally known as muddy rain, red rain, or coloured rain, is a variety of rain (or any other form of precipitation) which contains enough mineral dust, from soils (particularly from deserts), for the dust to be visible without using a microscope. History The rain dust phenomenon was studied by Italian scientist Giuseppe Maria Giovene (1753–1837), who managed to correctly explain the phenomenon as early as 1803. On 7 March 1803, rain dust fell over Southern Italy's region Apulia. At that time, people believed that the rain was caused by the explosions of Italy's volcanoes Mount Vesuvius or Etna, or that it was due to the transport of matter coming from the sea floor and raised by vapor. Giuseppe Maria Giovene related the phenomenon to the wind which occurred prior to the rain event, and he came to the conclusion that the sand had come from Africa and that it had been pushed by the wind coming from south-east. Geography Rain dust is common in the Western and Southern Mediterranean, where the dust supply comes from the atmospheric depressions going through the northern part of North Africa. The main sources of desert dust reach the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands in the form of dust transported by wind or rain from the Sahara, Atlas Mountains in Morocco and Central Algeria. Mud rains are relatively frequent and had been increasing in early 1990s in the Mediterranean Basin. It also occurs in arid desert regions of North America such as west Texas or Arizona. It occasionally happens in the grasslands as it did in Bexar County, Texas on March 18, 2008. Dust composition The rain dust is very alkaline. Some of the large particles contain mixtures of chemicals such as sulfate and sea salt (chiefly with sodium, chlorine and magnesium). Major minerals in order of decreasing abundance are: illite, quartz, smectite, palygorskite, kaolinite, calcite, dolomite and feldspars. In Majorca a study finds that the size, by volume, 89% of the particles from rain dust fraction corresponded to silt (between 0.002 mm and 0.063 mm) and that there was virtually no clay sized particles (less than 0.29%). Importance The particulates that rain dust carries are important for the formation of long-term soil counteracting, in large part, the effects of soil erosion. The amount of solids in rain dust have been estimated at 5.3 g m-2yr-1 (in a study made in Montseny, Catalonia) in this location the dust provides 34% of the calcium needed by the holm oak. The amount of the deposition of dust particles is highly variable depending on the year. Saharan dust significantly increases the pH of rain water. This may counteract the effects of acid rain. Radioactivity from the Chernobyl disaster was carried by rain dust to Greece in 2000. Blood/red rain Rain dust is the most common cause of blood rain. Red rain is however not always rain dust, see for example the Red rain in Kerala. See also July 1968 England and Wales", "title": "Rain dust" }, { "docid": "23204429", "text": "Anhydrous magnesium acetate has the chemical formula Mg(C2H3O2)2 and in its hydrated form, magnesium acetate tetrahydrate, it has the chemical formula Mg(CH3COO)2 • 4H2O. In this compound magnesium has an oxidation state of 2+. Magnesium acetate is the magnesium salt of acetic acid. It is deliquescent and upon heating, it decomposes to form magnesium oxide. Magnesium acetate is commonly used as a source of magnesium in biological reactions. Physical properties Magnesium acetate appears as white hygroscopic crystals. It smells like acetic acid and is soluble in water. When it is in an aqueous solution its pH will be on the alkaline side of neutral. Storage Due to the fact that it is very hygroscopic, it must be stored away from water. It is also incompatible with strong oxidizers and should not be mixed with them. Synthesis Synthesis of magnesium acetate from the reaction of magnesium hydroxide with acetic acid. Magnesium carbonate suspended in distilled water with 20% acetic acid solution. Reacting metallic magnesium with acetic acid dissolved in dry benzene causes magnesium acetate to form along with the release of hydrogen gas. Uses and applications In 1881 Charles Clamond invented the Clamond basket, one of the first effective gas mantles. The reagents used in this invention included magnesium acetate, magnesium hydroxide, and water. Magnesium acetate is commonly used as a source of magnesium or for the acetate ion in chemistry experiments. One example of this is when magnesium acetate and magnesium nitrate were both used to perform molecular dynamics simulations and surface tension measurements. In the experiment the authors found that the acetate had a stronger affinity for the surface compared to the nitrate ion and that the Mg2+ strongly repelled away from the air/liquid interference. They also found that the Mg2+ had a stronger tendency to bind with the acetate ion compared to the nitrate. One of the more prevalent uses of magnesium acetate is in the mixture called calcium magnesium acetate (CMA). It is a mixture of calcium acetate and magnesium acetate. CMA is thought of as an environmentally friendly alternative deicer to NaCl and CaCl2. CMA also acts as a powerful SO2, NOx, and toxic particulate emission control agent in coal combustion processes to reduce acid rain, and as an effective catalyst for the facilitation of coal combustion. Magnesium acetate has been found to cause a conformational change in Escherichia coli enzyme Primase. In this experiment Mg(OAc)2, MnCl2, CaCl2, NaOAc, LiCl, MgSO4 and MgCl2 were all compared to see what effect they had on the Escherichia coli enzyme Primase. The experimenters found that Mg(OAc)2 caused the best conformational change. MgSO4 and MgCl2 induced the effect slightly while the rest did not. When magnesium acetate is mixed with hydrogen peroxide, it acts as a bactericidal. Magnesium acetate has been shown to be effective at ashing organic compounds in preparation for a fluorine analysis when high or low concentrations of fluorine are present. Safety Magnesium acetate is a relatively safe compound to handle and has been given a health", "title": "Magnesium acetate" }, { "docid": "2237008", "text": "Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest is an area of land in the towns of Woodstock, Ellsworth and Thornton in the White Mountains of New Hampshire that functions as an outdoor laboratory for ecological studies. It was initially established in 1955 by the United States Forest Service for the study of the relationship between forest cover and water quality and supply. Forest land management In 1955 the first tract was dedicated in the Hubbard Brook watershed, just west of the village of West Thornton, New Hampshire. The first stream in the forest was fitted with monitoring devices in 1956. Subsequently, seven additional headwater streams and their associated watersheds were delimited for study. Each such zone functions essentially as a closed environmental system. Since efflux of water, minerals, and water-bound organisms leaving each watershed (and leaving the entire forest as well) can be monitored, the effects of changes experimentally introduced into the system can be measured. Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study For the first five or six years after its establishment the HBEF was used for research in forestry but soon its value for study of the forest ecosystem was recognized and it attracted the interest of researchers from major universities. The work at Hubbard Brook has led researchers there and elsewhere to try to model or better understand the complex forest ecosystem, including its interaction with humans. HBEF research teams have succeeded in elucidating a number of vexing environmental problems, most notably the harmful effects of acid rain. The forest preservation the research promotes helps to protect watershed chemistry, ambient humidity, seasonal temperature fluctuations, and wildlife habitats. History The idea for using the small watershed approach being used at Hubbard Brook for studies of elemental budgets and cycles was born with Professor F. Herbert Bormann of Dartmouth College, who began taking his botany classes for field trips to this area of the White Mountain National Forest in the early 1950s, and Forest Service scientist Robert Pierce. Bormann proposed to Pierce that the area set aside by the Forest Service for watershed studies be used for closed-system ecological studies. In 1960, soon after the establishment of HBEF, ecologist Gene Likens and geologist Noye Johnson, both from Dartmouth, joined the research team. In 1963, the group received a $60,000 grant from the National Science Foundation to study \"Hydrological-Mineral Cycle Interaction in a Small Watershed\". This study evolved into the series of longitudinal studies now referred to as the \"Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study\", or HBES. The early ecosystem monitoring was aimed at studying the effects of forest management practices on water flow and quality. These data have been helpful as baselines for the increasingly sophisticated areas of ongoing research in the forest. HBES has spawned over 2000 scientific papers, perhaps most important a 1968 study that documented the widespread presence of \"acid rain\". HBRF was designated as a Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) site in 1988 and has some of the longest on-going ecological datasets. Currently the study comprises researchers from multiple universities, including Dartmouth College, Yale", "title": "Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest" }, { "docid": "25022706", "text": "David William Schindler, , (August 3, 1940 – March 4, 2021) was an American/Canadian limnologist. He held the Killam Memorial Chair and was Professor of Ecology in the Department of Biological Sciences at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Alberta. He was notable for \"innovative large-scale experiments\" on whole lakes at the Experimental Lakes Area (ELA) which proved that \"phosphorus controls the eutrophication (excessive algal blooms) in temperate lakes leading to the banning of phosphates in detergents. He was also known for his research on acid rain. In 1989, Schindler moved from the ELA to continue his research at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, with studies into fresh water shortages and the effects of climate disruption on Canada's alpine and northern boreal ecosystems. Schindler's research had earned him numerous national and international awards, including the Gerhard Herzberg Gold Medal, the First Stockholm Water Prize (1991) the Volvo Environment Prize (1998), and the Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement (2006). Early life Schindler was born August 3, 1940, in Fargo, North Dakota, and grew up in Barnesville, Minnesota. He held dual-citizenship in Canada and the U.S. He earned his bachelor's degree at NDSU and PhD at the University of Oxford. Education and early career After completing his bachelor's degree in zoology from North Dakota State University in 1962, Schindler studied aquatic ecology at Oxford University as a Rhodes scholar. He worked first under Nikolaas Tinbergen. It was while working under Charles Sutherland Elton, one of the founders of ecology, who also established and led Oxford University's Bureau of Animal Population, that he began formulating an interdisciplinary ecosystem approach to study water and ecology. He received his PhD in ecology in 1966 from Oxford University. For two years he was an assistant professor in the Biology Department at Trent University. Research Experimental Lakes Area From 1968 to 1989, Schindler directed the newly created Experimental Lakes Area (ELA), of the now-defunct Fisheries Research Board of Canada near Kenora, Ontario. IISD-ELA uses the whole ecosystem approach and makes long-term, whole-lake investigations of freshwater focusing on eutrophication. Schindler was awarded the Stockholm Water Prize in 1991 for this research into excess nutrification and acidification of freshwater lakes, a long-term study that used whole lakes as natural laboratories, using an integrated ecosystem approach. His work with ELA was described in a letter by Stanford University biological sciences professor Peter Vitousek supporting Schindler's receipt of the Tyler Award for Environmental Achievement award in 2006. Vitousek wrote that the \"fertilization of entire lakes\" the Experimental Lakes area \"provided incorruptible findings\" that proved that \"phosphorus controls the eutrophication of temperate lakes.\" According to an April 28, 2006 University of Alberta article written about Schindler's receipt of the Tyler award, \"In a series of landmark experiments conducted during the 1970s and 1980s, Schindler demonstrated that acid rain could begin destroying freshwater lakes at far lower levels than previously thought, and that phosphorus was the major cause of uncontrolled algae growth.\" Schindler's views on the oil sands tailings ponds In a", "title": "David Schindler" }, { "docid": "2630676", "text": "{{DISPLAYTITLE:NOx}} In atmospheric chemistry, is shorthand for nitric oxide () and nitrogen dioxide (), the nitrogen oxides that are most relevant for air pollution. These gases contribute to the formation of smog and acid rain, as well as affecting tropospheric ozone. gases are usually produced from the reaction between nitrogen and oxygen during combustion of fuels, such as hydrocarbons, in air; especially at high temperatures, such as in car engines. In areas of high motor vehicle traffic, such as in large cities, the nitrogen oxides emitted can be a significant source of air pollution. gases are also produced naturally by lightning. does not include nitrous oxide (), a fairly inert oxide of nitrogen that contributes less severely to air pollution, notwithstanding its involvement in ozone depletion and high global warming potential. is defined as the sum of plus the compounds produced from the oxidation of which include nitric acid, nitrous acid (HONO), dinitrogen pentoxide (), peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), alkyl nitrates (), peroxyalkyl nitrates (), the nitrate radical (), and peroxynitric acid (). Formation and reactions Because of energy limitations, oxygen and nitrogen do not react at ambient temperatures. But at high temperatures, they undergo an endothermic reaction producing various oxides of nitrogen. Such temperatures arise inside an internal combustion engine or a power station boiler, during the combustion of a mixture of air and fuel, and naturally in a lightning flash. In atmospheric chemistry, the term refers to the total concentration of NO and since the conversion between these two species is rapid in the stratosphere and troposphere. During daylight hours, these concentrations together with that of ozone are in steady state, also known as photostationary state (PSS); the ratio of NO to is determined by the intensity of sunshine (which converts to NO) and the concentration of ozone (which reacts with NO to again form ). In other words, the concentration of ozone in the atmosphere is determined by the ratio of these two species. The symbol M represents a \"third body\", a molecular species that is required to carry away energy from the exothermic reaction . Equation relates the concentrations of and ozone, and is known as the Leighton relationship. The time that is needed to reach a steady state among and ozone is dominated by reaction (), which reverses reactions ()+(): for mixing ratio of NO, [NO] = 10 part per billion (ppb), the time constant is 40 minutes; for [NO] = 1 ppb, 4 minutes. Formation of smog When and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) react in the presence of sunlight, they form photochemical smog, a significant form of air pollution. The presence of photochemical smog increases during the summer when the incident solar radiation is higher. The emitted hydrocarbons from industrial activities and transportation react with quickly and increase the concentration of ozone and peroxide compounds, especially peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN). Children, people with lung diseases such as asthma, and people who work or exercise outside are particularly susceptible to adverse effects of smog such as damage", "title": "NOx" }, { "docid": "4136287", "text": "An acidophobe is an organism that is intolerant of acidic environments. The terms acidophobia, acidophoby and acidophobic are also used. The term acidophobe is variously applied to plants, bacteria, protozoa, animals, chemical compounds, etc. The antonymous term is acidophile. Plants are known to be well-defined with respect to their pH tolerance, and only a small number of species thrive well under a broad range of acidity. Therefore the categorization acidophile/acidophobe is well-defined. Sometimes a complementary classification is used (calcicole/calcifuge, with calcicoles being \"lime-loving\" plants). In gardening, soil pH is a measure of acidity or alkalinity of soil, with pH = 7 indicating the neutral soil. Therefore acydophobes would prefer pH above 7. Acid intolerance of plants may be mitigated by lime addition and by calcium and nitrogen fertilizers. Acidophobic species are used as a natural instrument of monitoring the degree of acidifying contamination of soil and watercourses. For example, when monitoring vegetation, a decrease of acidophobic species would be indicative of acid rain increase in the area. A similar approach is used with aquatic species. Acidophobes Whiteworms (Enchytraeus albidus), a popular live food for aquarists, are acidophobes. Acidophobic compounds are the ones which are unstable in acidic media. Acidophobic crops: alfalfa, clover References Physiology", "title": "Acidophobe" }, { "docid": "807205", "text": "Sherwood Louis Boehlert (September 28, 1936September 20, 2021) was an American politician from New York. He represented a large swath of central New York in the United States House of Representatives from 1983 until 2007. Boehlert, a Republican, was considered to be a member of the party's moderate wing. He served as Chairman of the Science Committee from 2001 to 2006. Early life, education, and early political career Sherwood Louis Boehlert was born on September 28, 1936, in Utica, New York, to Elizabeth Monica ( Champoux) and Sherwood Boehlert, and graduated from Utica College. He was a practicing Roman Catholic. He served two years in the United States Army (1956–1958) and then worked as a manager of public relations for Wyandotte Chemical Company. After leaving Wyandotte, Boehlert served as Chief of Staff for two upstate Congressmen, Alexander Pirnie and Donald J. Mitchell; following this, he was elected the county executive of Oneida County, New York, serving from 1979 to 1983. After his four-year term as county executive, he ran successfully for Congress in the elections of 1982. He was re-elected to every Congress subsequent until his retirement. U.S. House of Representatives Elections Mitchell did not run for reelection in 1982. Boehlert entered the Republican primary to succeed him in the district, which had been renumbered from the 31st to the 25th in redistricting. He won the primary with 56% of the vote. He won the general election by defeating Democrat Anita Maxwell 56%–42%. After that, he won re-election every two years until he decided to retire and not seek re-election, in 2006. His district number changed twice, each time after redistricting—from the 25th (1983–1993) to the 23rd (1993–2003) to the 24th (2003- 2007). He was challenged in the Republican primary five times: 1986 (67%), 1996 (65%), 2000 (57%), 2002 (53%), and 2004 (60%). His lowest re-election winning percentage in the general election was 57%, in his last re-election in 2004, when he defeated Democrat Jeff Miller 57%–34%. Tenure Boehlert is best known for his work on environmental policy. Beginning in the 1980s with the acid rain crisis, Boehlert became a prominent voice in the Republican party for the environment. He was a major contributor to the acid rain provisions of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. He pushed continually to increase Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards for light trucks and automobiles and was the lead GOP sponsor of numerous CAFE amendments. Due to Boehlert's constant battles over environmental legislation, often putting him at odds with his party's leadership, National Journal dubbed Boehlert the \"Green Hornet\" and featured him as one of the dozen \"key players\" in the House of Representatives. Due to his centrist views, Time Magazine also recognized Boehlert as a \"power center\" on Capitol Hill and Congressional Quarterly named him one of the 50 most effective Members of Congress. Boehlert was a member of several national moderate GOP groups including the Republican Main Street Partnership and the Ripon Society. On the Science Committee, Boehlert championed investments", "title": "Sherwood Boehlert" }, { "docid": "69400875", "text": "Brynjulf Ottar (1918–1988) was a Norwegian atmospheric chemist who served as the first director of the Norwegian Institute for Air Research. In the 1970s, his work on the long-range transport of air pollution helped to alert the world to the problem of acid rain; later, he was one of the first scientists to describe the mechanism of global distillation (the \"grasshopper effect\"), by which pollutants travel from mid-latitude parts of Earth to the Arctic. Early life and career Ottar studied chemistry at the University of Oslo (UiO) under Odd Hassel during World War II. While there, he helped to found XU, the underground resistance organization opposing the German occupation of Norway, which drew many of its members from UiO's community of science students. After the war ended, Ottar completed a doctorate in chemistry and, in 1951, began working for the Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (FFI), where he became Superintendent of the Division of Chemistry. Later, he joined the Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU) and became its first director in 1969. Scientific research At NILU, Ottar focused on what became known as transboundary (long-range) air pollution and the mechanisms by which it carried harmful chemicals thousands of kilometers – across entire countries and continents. During the mid-20th century, disasters such as the Great London Smog of 1952 had highlighted the problem of air pollution, but it was still considered to be essentially a local issue: few realized that pollution could travel, and do damage, over long distances, or that one country's pollution could harm another. Ironically, short-term solutions to local pollution problems often caused wider, long-term issues: the UK's Clean Air Act 1956 \"solved\" London's smogs through measures such as tall chimneys, which dissipated pollution over a wider area and longer range. Norwegian scientists had observed the gradual acidification of the country's fresh waters through much of the 20th century, but it was only with the publication of pioneering work on acid rain by Svante Odén, in the late 1960s, that the causes became apparent. Ottar observed that thousands of lakes in Norway had become acidified and biologically impoverished due to industrial and power plant pollution from countries such as Britain, France, Germany, and Luxembourg. In 1970, he was appointed director of the OECD-sponsored Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution Project and championed cooperative international efforts to monitor the problem of acid rain, despite resistance from the countries concerned and the stark political divisions of the Cold War era. Ottar noted that \"Norway, Sweden, and Finland are geographically in a particularly exposed situation, and receive considerably larger [pollution] contributions from other countries than from their own sources\". In 1974, for example, Norway was estimated to have received 30,000 tonnes of sulphur pollution from within its own borders but 60,000 tonnes from the UK and Ireland; by contrast, the UK and Ireland received zero sulphur pollution from Norway. The project eventually concluded that \"Sulphur compounds do travel long distances in the atmosphere and the air quality in any European country is measurably affected", "title": "Brynjulf Ottar" }, { "docid": "9448987", "text": "This is a glossary of some of the terms used in phytopathology. Phytopathology is the study of plant diseases. It is a multi-disciplinary science since prerequisites for disease development are the presence of a susceptible host species, a pathogen and the appropriate environmental conditions. This is known as the disease triangle. Because of this interaction, the terminology used in phytopathology often comes from other disciplines including those dealing with the host species ( botany / plant science, plant physiology), the pathogen (bacteriology, mycology, nematology, virology), the environment and disease management practices (agronomy, soil science, meteorology, environmental science, ecology, plant breeding, pesticides, entomology), and areas of study that apply to both the host and pathogen (molecular biology, genetics, molecular genetics). The result is that most phytopathological glossary include terms from these other disciplines in addition to terms (disease incidence, horizontal resistance, gene-for-gene relationship, blast, scab and so on) that are specific to, or which have a unique meaning in phytopathology. This glossary is no exception. However, for the sake of brevity, it has, for the most part, restricted terms from other disciplines to those that pertain to the pathogen. At some point, these terms should be moved to other glossaries (e.g. glossary of mycology, glossary of nematology, and so on). A abiotic Disease not caused by living organisms acceptable daily intake acervulus (pl. acervuli) The acervulus is an erumpent, cushionlike fruiting body bearing conidiophores, conidia, and sometimes setae. It is distinguished from a stroma in not having a peridium or covering of fungal tissue of any kind. acid precipitation acid rain acropetal Actinomycetes The Actinobacteria or Actinomycetes are a group of Gram-positive bacteria. acute acute toxicity aeciospore aecium aflatoxin agar aggressiveness air pollution alkaloids allele allelopathy alternate host alternative hosts alternation of generations amphid amphigynous amphimixis amphimobile anaerobic anamorph (adj. anamorphic; syn. imperfect state) anastomosis (pl. anastomoses) anthracnoes antibiotic antibody antigen antiseptic apothecium The apothecium is an open, cuplike, or saucer-shaped sexual fungal fruiting body (ascocarp) containing asci. antiseptic appressorium (pl. appressoria) arbuscular mycorrhiza (abbr. AM; syn. endomycorrhiza) arbuscule ascocarp (syn. ascoma) ascogenous ascogonium (pl. ascogonia) ascoma (pl. ascomata; syn. ascocarp) Ascomycetes asci ascospore ascostroma (pl. ascostromata) ascus (pl. asci) aseptate asexual asexual reproduction atrophy AUDPC (abbr. for Area Under Disease Progress Curve) autotroph avirulence (avr) gene avirulent (syn. nonpathogenic) axenic autoecious B bacilliform bacterial streaming bactericide bacteriocin bacteriophage bacterium (pl. bacteria) bactericide basal knob (syn. stylet knob) basidiocarp (syn. basidioma) Basidiomyctes The Division Basidiomycota is a large taxon within the Kingdom Fungi that includes those species that produce spores in a club-shaped structure called a basidium. basidiospore basidium (pl. basidia) basidiospore basidium (pl. basidia; adj. basidial) binary fission binucleate bioassay biocide biocontrol (syn. biological control) biotic A disease caused by a living organism biotroph (syn. obligate parasite) biotype bitunicate blasting blight blotch breaking broadcast application brooming brown rot (of wood) burn bursa C canker capsid (syn. coat protein) carcinogen carrier casting causal agent certification cfu (abbr. for colony forming unit) chemotaxis (syn. chemotropism) chemotherapy chlamydospore chlamydospore A chlamydospore is the", "title": "Glossary of phytopathology" }, { "docid": "3263", "text": "Acid rain is rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic, meaning that it has elevated levels of hydrogen ions (low pH). Most water, including drinking water, has a neutral pH that exists between 6.5 and 8.5, but acid rain has a pH level lower than this and ranges from 4–5 on average. The more acidic the acid rain is, the lower its pH is. Acid rain can have harmful effects on plants, aquatic animals, and infrastructure. Acid rain is caused by emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide, which react with the water molecules in the atmosphere to produce acids. Acid rain has been shown to have adverse impacts on forests, freshwaters, soils, microbes, insects and aquatic life-forms. In ecosystems, persistent acid rain reduces tree bark durability, leaving flora more susceptible to environmental stressors such as drought, heat/cold and pest infestation. Acid rain is also capable of detrimenting soil composition by stripping it of nutrients such as calcium and magnesium which play a role in plant growth and maintaining healthy soil. In terms of human infrastructure, acid rain also causes paint to peel, corrosion of steel structures such as bridges, and weathering of stone buildings and statues as well as having impacts on human health. Some governments, including those in Europe and North America, have made efforts since the 1970s to reduce the release of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide into the atmosphere through air pollution regulations. These efforts have had positive results due to the widespread research on acid rain starting in the 1960s and the publicized information on its harmful effects. The main source of sulfur and nitrogen compounds that result in acid rain are anthropogenic, but nitrogen oxides can also be produced naturally by lightning strikes and sulfur dioxide is produced by volcanic eruptions. Definition \"Acid rain\" is a popular term referring to the deposition of a mixture from wet (rain, snow, sleet, fog, cloudwater, and dew) and dry (acidifying particles and gases) acidic components. Distilled water, once carbon dioxide is removed, has a neutral pH of 7. Liquids with a pH less than 7 are acidic, and those with a pH greater than 7 are alkaline. \"Clean\" or unpolluted rain has an acidic pH, but usually no lower than 5.7, because carbon dioxide and water in the air react together to form carbonic acid, a weak acid according to the following reaction: Carbonic acid then can ionize in water forming low concentrations of carbonate and hydronium ions: Unpolluted rain can also contain other chemicals which affect its pH (acidity level). A common example is nitric acid produced by electric discharge in the atmosphere such as lightning. Acid deposition as an environmental issue (discussed later in the article) would include additional acids other than . Occasional pH readings in rain and fog water of well below 2.4 have been reported in industrialized areas. The main sources of the SO2 and NOx pollution that causes acid rain are burning fossil fuels to generate electricity", "title": "Acid rain" }, { "docid": "57470435", "text": "Laze is acid rain and air pollution arising from steam explosions and large plume clouds containing extremely acidic condensate (mainly hydrochloric acid), which occur when molten lava flows enter cold oceans. The term laze is a portmanteau of lava and haze. Laze, created by the interaction of lava and cold seawater, differs from vog, which originates from volcanic vents. The extremely high temperatures of lava flows causes sea water to decompose into hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen combines with chloride ions dissolved in sea water, forming hydrogen chloride gas (hydrochloric acid). The rapidly rising plume of gas also carries with it fine particles of volcanic glass. The hydrochloric acid and other contaminants can precipitate out rapidly and the plume may become relatively safe a few hundred meters away, however, laze plumes have killed people who come in contact with them. The USGS has reported that, in 2000, two people were killed by exposure to laze clouds. References External links Air pollution Lava flows Weather events in Hawaii", "title": "Laze (geology)" }, { "docid": "73549670", "text": "The nitrogen crisis in the Netherlands () is an ecological and legal crisis that has been defined as such since 2019, following a ruling by the Administrative Jurisdiction Division of the Council of State. Introduction At the root of the crisis lie the effects of human impact on the nitrogen cycle. In the Netherlands, the soil is burdened by a very high deposition of reactive nitrogen compounds, in particular ammonia (NH3) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Of these, ammonia poses the biggest issue. It is released to the air by animal manure. Nitrogen oxides are emitted by internal combustion engines, such as those in motor vehicles, airplanes and industry. The release of nitrogen compounds in large quantities is a form of nutrient pollution and leads to undesirable effects on the quality of soil, water, air, and nature through the process of eutrophication. In essence, the nitrogen crisis is the successor to the acid rain problem of the 1980s. Acid rain is caused by the deposition of ammonia and nitrogen oxides, but also sulfur dioxide (). From 1980 to 2020, the emission of sulfur dioxide was reduced by 80%. The emission of nitrogen compounds was also reduced by 50%. The emission of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) has been steadily decreasing ever since 1980. However, the reduction in the emission of ammonia came to a standstill around 2010, the last year of the fourth Balkenende cabinet. In 2015, the Dutch government under the second Rutte cabinet launched a new program to reduce nitrogen pollution, the Integrated Approach to Nitrogen (, PAS). History 2019 Court of State ruling When the nitrogen crisis came to a head in 2019, it already had a long history, both legal and ecological. The first European standards were set as early as 1991. European Union member states are obliged to comply with the Habitats Directive, which states that a 'favourable conservation status' must be aimed for in Natura 2000 areas. In May 2017, the Council of State submitted a number of preliminary questions to the European Court of Justice, which in November 2018 provided a further explanation of the relevant provisions of the Habitats Directive. On 29 May 2019, the Administrative Jurisdiction Division of the Council of State ruled on this basis that the government's use of the Integrated Approach to Nitrogen (PAS) was invalid when granting permits due to the anticipation of future reductions in nitrogen deposition. As a result, the PAS could no longer be used for granting nitrogen permits in the vicinity of Natura 2000 areas. This ruling led to the immediate suspension of various projects (mainly housing, which aggravated the ongoing Dutch housing shortage), and the government had to urgently seek solutions. Although nitrogen pollution had been an issue for many years, the Council of State's ruling promptly suspended an estimated 18,000 construction projects. Later official recommendations and decisions In June 2020, the Advisory Committee on the Nitrogen Problem under former Deputy Prime Minister Johan Remkes published a report titled (\"Not Everything Is Possible Everywhere\") which", "title": "Nitrogen crisis in the Netherlands" }, { "docid": "342738", "text": "A limestone pavement is a natural karst landform consisting of a flat, incised surface of exposed limestone that resembles an artificial pavement. The term is mainly used in the UK and Ireland, where many of these landforms have developed distinctive surface patterning resembling paving blocks. Similar landforms in other parts of the world are known as alvars. Formation of a limestone pavement Conditions for limestone pavements are created when an advancing glacier scrapes away overburden and exposes horizontally bedded limestone, with subsequent glacial retreat leaving behind a flat, bare surface. Limestone is slightly soluble in water and especially in acid rain, so corrosive drainage along joints and cracks in the limestone can produce slabs called clints isolated by deep fissures called grikes or grykes (terms derived from a northern English dialect). If the grykes are fairly straight and the clints are uniform in size, the resemblance to man-made paving stones is striking, but they are not necessarily so regular. Limestone pavements that develop beneath a mantle of topsoil usually exhibit more rounded forms. Notable examples Limestone pavements can be found in many previously glaciated limestone environments around the world. Notable examples are found in the Yorkshire Dales and Cumbria in Northern England, such as those above Malham Cove, on the side of Ingleborough, and above Grange-over-Sands. They are also found in the Stora Alvaret in Öland, Sweden; in the Burren, County Clare, Ireland, the Great Northern Peninsula on Newfoundland, and in the Désert de Platé, in the French Alps. See also References External links BBC Bitesize geography resource Erosion landforms Karst Limestone", "title": "Limestone pavement" }, { "docid": "48650466", "text": "Freshwater acidification occurs when acidic inputs enter a body of fresh water through the weathering of rocks, invasion of acidifying gas (e.g. carbon dioxide), or by the reduction of acid anions, like sulfate and nitrate within a lake. Freshwater acidification is primarily caused by sulfur oxides (SOx) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) entering the water from atmospheric depositions and soil leaching. Carbonic acid and dissolved carbon dioxide can also enter freshwaters, in a similar manner associated with runoff, through carbon dioxide-rich soils. Runoff that contains these compounds may incorporate acidifying hydrogen ions and inorganic aluminum, which can be toxic to marine organisms. Acid rain is also a contributor to freshwater acidification. It is created when SOx and NOx react with water, oxygen, and other oxidants within the clouds. What contributes to freshwater acidification? The buffering capacity of soils and bedrocks within the freshwater ecosystem can contribute to the acidity of the water. Each freshwater reservoir has a capacity to resist changes in pH, but an excess input of acids into the reservoir can cause the buffering capacity to decrease, eventually causing the water to become more acidic. An increase in atmospheric CO2 affects freshwater acidity as the more of it dissolves into the water, the more acidic it becomes. It is difficult to quantify the effects of anthropogenic CO2 due to the various carbon fluxes in freshwater ecosystems. High levels of freshwater acidification is harmful to various aquatic organisms. Nonetheless, there are many freshwater systems, including the Great Lakes, where pH levels could be decreasing, most likely due to CO2 accumulation in the atmosphere, however, increased monitoring is necessary to determine the full effects of acidification on pH levels. Freshwater vs. ocean acidification The ocean and the atmosphere are constantly exchanging massive amounts of CO2. Over the last 800,000 years, the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere has remained around 172-300 parts per million by volume (ppmv). With increases of anthropogenic CO2 emissions, this number has risen to 387 ppmv in 2009. From 2000-2008, 26% of anthropogenic CO2 was absorbed by the ocean. CO2 is the primary factor affecting ocean pH, though other aspects can also play a role. When dissolved in water, CO2 acts as a weak acid that primarily affects carbonate chemistry. Dissolved CO2 increases the concentration of bicarbonate ions (HCO3−) and dissolved inorganic carbon (CT) as well as lowering pH levels. Similar to oceans, freshwater bodies also absorb atmospheric CO2, lowering the pH of the water. In addition to CO2, freshwater reservoir's pH values are altered by acid rain, nutrient runoff, and anthropogenic pollutants. Freshwater takes up CO2 in the same mechanism as seawater; however, freshwater alkalinity is much more variable than seawater, due to differences in rocks present in the watershed and decreased salt concentrations. Without this salt-buffer, pH changes in freshwater tend to be more pronounced than in ocean water. In freshwater systems, newly released H+ ions are not buffered by as many bicarbonate (HCO3−) ions as ocean water. Therefore, freshwater biota tends to have a", "title": "Freshwater acidification" }, { "docid": "5095558", "text": "Meteoric water, derived from precipitation such as snow and rain, includes water from lakes, rivers, and ice melts, all of which indirectly originate from precipitation. The journey of meteoric water from the atmosphere to the Earth's surface is a critical component of the hydrologic cycle. While a significant portion of this water reaches the sea through surface flow, a considerable amount gradually infiltrates the ground, continuing its descent to the zone of saturation and becoming an integral part of groundwater in aquifers. Most groundwater is, in fact, meteoric water, with other forms like connate water and magmatic (juvenile) water playing minor roles. Connate water, trapped in rock strata at the time of their formation and often saline due to its origins in ocean sediments, and magmatic water, which accompanies magma intrusion from great depths and influences mineralogy, contrast with meteoric water's journey through porous and permeable layers, including bedding planes and fractures. Properties and Significance Meteoric waters are distinguished by their minimal salinity and their initial acidity, characteristics that change based on their interactions with subsurface environments. The acidity of meteoric water, driven by atmospheric contributions of humic, carbonic, and nitrous acids, plays a critical role in the geochemical processes of soil and subsurface environments. As these waters percolate through soil and rock layers, especially carbonate rocks, their capacity to neutralize acidity influences the solubility of minerals, the availability of nutrients, and the transport of metals. The Global Meteoric Water Line (GMWL) is a cornerstone concept in understanding the behaviour of meteoric waters. Established by Harmon Craig in 1961, the GMWL delineates the global annual average relationship between the isotope ratios of hydrogen and oxygen (oxygen-18 and deuterium) in natural meteoric waters. This isotopic signature is invaluable for tracking water masses in environmental geochemistry and hydrogeology, offering insights into water cycle dynamics, climatic conditions, and the origins of water samples. History The term \"meteoric,\" referring to the direct atmospheric origin of this water, shares its root with the science of meteorology. It stems from a Greek word initially associated with astronomical phenomena. However, the scope of the term expanded significantly following the publication of Aristotle's \"Meteorology.\" In this seminal work, which covers a broad range of earth sciences, Aristotle extended the term's application beyond astronomical discussions to include any significant phenomena observed in the sky, such as meteors, which were originally believed to be weather-related events. See also Global meteoric water line Optimum water content for tillage References Precipitation", "title": "Meteoric water" }, { "docid": "40389563", "text": "The conservation and restoration of outdoor bronze artworks is an activity dedicated to the preservation, protection, and maintenance of bronze objects and artworks that are on view outside. When applied to cultural heritage this activity is generally undertaken by a conservator-restorer. Outdoor environmental issues There are a plethora of influences that the environment can have on outdoor bronze sculpture, and unfortunately there are no two identical places. One method of conservation that works very well in one location may not work so well in another location. A conservator needs to take into account numerous factors when preparing to work on a sculpture. Some of these include the humidity, temperature, ultra-violet light, proximity to the sea, the amount of air pollution (especially if causing acid rain), and even what type of flora and fauna are in the area. If the sculpture is part of a working fountain, the quality of running water (hard, soft, alkaline, acidic, etc.) is important. How accessible the sculpture is to people and whether or not they would have the ability to climb on the sculpture is also an important factor. According to Kipper, acid rain can be particularly harmful to bronze sculptures, because the main component is usually sulfides, or sulfuric acid, which can harm patinas and the bronze surfaces causing streaking to occur on the surface. Many different effects can occur on a sculpture due to being in an outdoor environment. These include the formation of a black incrustation or a white powdery substance (mineral deposits) that has the potential to obscure the natural blue-green patina, or artificially applied patinas. Pollution-formed crusts could cause the metal to deteriorate and form small pits in the metal if not removed. Bronze fountains Protective elements for bronze fountains are particularly important, since water is one of the leading causes for alterations or corrosion in a bronze. Bronze sculptures incorporated in fountains will need more layers of wax, because the spray of water will cause deterioration of the wax at a faster pace than would normally happen. Different aspects of the water need to be monitored, including but not limited to pH, total alkalinity, and hardness or level of dissolved mineral salts. There is a chance that the water will leave mineral deposits in a white/tan crust-like fashion. That \"crust\" can cause damage or become more permanent if it comes in contact with the metal surface or a patina and needs to be periodically removed. There are different chemical treatments that can be used to control the levels of these factors. Usually the maintenance of fountains has to occur at a more frequent rate than other bronze sculptures as well. Past conservation methods In the late 19th century to early 20th century, one of the main ways to remove corrosion from archaeological bronze was through either chemical or electrolytic means. Sculptures may have had only spots treated, or may have been completely submerged. These electrochemical treatments resulted usually in the complete removal of any patina or surface material, returning", "title": "Conservation and restoration of outdoor bronze objects" }, { "docid": "8696958", "text": "The Kaū Desert is a leeward desert in the district of Kaū, the southernmost district on the Big Island of Hawaii, and is made up mostly of dried lava remnants, volcanic ash, sand and gravel. The desert covers an area of the Kīlauea Volcano along the Southwest rift zone. The area lacks any vegetation, mainly due to acid rainfall. Climate Kaū desert is not a true desert in that rainfall exceeds per year. However, rain combines with sulfur dioxide, released by volcanic vents, and forms acid rain. The pH level of the rain, as low as 3.4 during an eruption, inhibits plant growth. Furthermore, water evaporates quickly on the ground and the tephra soil is extremely permeable. Visiting The Kaū Desert is popular for walking and hiking tours during inactive periods. It can be reached by following Highway 11 counterclockwise from Kona to the volcano. The trailhead is on Crater Rim Drive, coordinates . By traversing the desert, one can cross the Great Crack and the Southwest Rift Zone, a major fault zone that looks like a giant groove in the earth, before reaching Kīlauea Volcano. From the city of Hilo, take Highway 11 about 30 miles (48 km) west. The area is part of Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, but often is closed during periods of high volcanic activity, due to the potential for poisonous gas blown southwest by the tradewinds from Halemaʻumaʻu. The 1790 eruption One of the most devastating explosions in Hawaiian history occurred in 1790. The eruption released volcanic ash, which formed spheres of tephra known as accretionary lapilli due to the effect of electrostatic forces and moisture. Chief Keōua Kuahuula was traveling then around Kīlauea to Kaū, after battling the dominant chief Kamehameha I. At least 80 Hawaiian warriors suffocated when volcanic ash entered their lungs. The footprints preserved in the ash were supposedly of these warriors. However, recent research indicates a variety of people used this area for hundreds of years. References External links General description of Kaū Desert Geography of Hawaii (island) Deserts of the United States Deserts of Oceania Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park Volcanic deserts", "title": "Kaʻū Desert" }, { "docid": "11314917", "text": "Krummholz (, \"crooked, bent, twisted\" and Holz, \"wood\") — also called knieholz (\"knee timber\") — is a type of stunted, deformed vegetation encountered in the subarctic and subalpine tree line landscapes, shaped by continual exposure to fierce, freezing winds. Under these conditions, trees can only survive where they are sheltered by rock formations or snow cover. As the lower portion of these trees continues to grow, the coverage becomes extremely dense near the ground. In Newfoundland and Labrador, the formation is known as tuckamore. Krummholz trees are also found on beaches such as the Oregon coast, where trees can become much taller than their subalpine cousins. The labeling of diverse sets of tree species in different ecological contexts may be problematic. The ecological requirements of krummholz trees in the Alps, for example, are different from those in the Rockies. The terms scrub or shrubland may be more appropriate for some communities with krummholz trees. Krummholz trees can cover nearly all of the area in which they inhabit, with only patches of moss and flowers in between. Frequent fog and cloudy conditions, along with cool weather, create a rather moist microclimate around the shrubs. Krummholz might depend on less acidic soil to survive. This means that they are threatened by acid rain. The thin soils that cover mountaintops have low buffering capacity, that is the capacity to resist changes in acidity. These trees are also endangered by the use of them as timber for fires, and other human activity. Species Common trees showing krummholz formation include European spruce, mountain pine, balsam fir, red spruce, black spruce, subalpine fir, subalpine larch, Engelmann spruce, whitebark pine, limber pine, Bristlecone pine, and lodgepole pine. Instances of the krummholz form of black spruce, Picea mariana, are found in the northern Canadian boreal forests. Krummholz-form black spruce and balsam fir are abundant in the alpine transition zone of the White Mountains of Maine and New Hampshire and of the same zone in the Green Mountains of Vermont. Subalpine fir is the most common associate of spruce in krummholz vegetation. Other associated coniferous species include alpine larch (Larix lyallii), whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis), limber pine (Pinus flexilis), and western white pine (Pinus monticola) in southern British Columbia, and mountain hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana) on the eastern slopes of the Coast Range and in the Revelstoke area of British Columbia. Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. contorta) is a minor associate in most of the British Columbia interior, except in dry alpine areas of the southwest Cariboo/Chilcotin district where it is abundant (Pojar 1985). Ericaceous species (Vaccinium scoparium, V. membranaceum, V. caespitosum, Cassiope mertensiana, Phyllodoce empetriformis) are common in the snow accumulation zone around the base of krummholz colonies. In the Alps in Europe, a scrubland of Pinus mugo is described as occupying the area above the tree line. This is formed by variants of the spruce, beech, and rarely the green alder. These European species were first labeled as a \"krummholz belt\" by scientists. In the Rocky Mountains, several", "title": "Krummholz" }, { "docid": "38749455", "text": "A catena in soil science (pedology) is a series of distinct but co-evolving soils arrayed down a slope. Each soil type or \"facet\" differs somewhat from its neighbours, but all occur in the same climate and on the same underlying parent material. A mature catena is in equilibrium as the processes of deposition and erosion are in balance. Concept The term soil catena is used to describe the lateral variation in soils over a hillslope. The catena concept originated in central Uganda by chemist W.S. Martin to describe a hill slope sequence at the Bukalasa research station. The term catena (Latin: chain) was first coined by scientist Geoffrey Milne to describe these soil-topography units. The concept was developed in order to analyze the regular variation of soils across a slope. The example of this approach consists first in a structural component, the recurring pattern of certain soils in a landscape transect in which every chain element has its place in the chain, a soil has it in a landscape. Formation A slope can be broken into sections known as a ridge, crest, midslope, and toeslope. The ridge or hilltop tends to accumulate organic matter that allows formation of an adequate thickness of soil. Steeper slope or crest sections tend to be freely drained, while at the bottom of slopes or toeslopes there is usually higher in moisture content and poor drainage. Toeslope soils are also known to be richer in clay and organic matter. Lithology and relief can be the primary controls on the development of certain catenas with easily disaggregated parent rock and high relief favoring particle redistribution and therefore the formation of distinct soils in particle-source and particle-deposition zones along a slope. Catenas can also develop on low relief hillslopes, but because less potential energy is available, the redistribution of mass can be dominated by subsurface flow of plasma, a combination of dissolved and suspended solids in soil water. Open system A catena forms when the climate, including precipitation and evaporation, is the same for the whole slope, and when sufficient time has passed for equilibrium to be reached between the processes that bring materials in to a facet and the processes that take materials away. The result is a predictable sequence of soil facets. A catena is thus an open system which has continuous input and output processes. On a steeper slope in the middle of a catena, erosion (surface runoff) is faster, so facets are typically thinner and drier. Conversely, on a shallower slope at the top or bottom of a catena, soils are thicker and deeper. In addition, the top facets lose materials such as mineral salts when these are washed out by rain (eluviation), while the bottom facets gain materials when these are washed in (illuviation). A catena can form on various underlying or parent materials and in different climates. On impermeable acid rocks such as metamorphic schists in a high rainfall climate like that of western Scotland, the catena consists of thick acidic", "title": "Catena (soil)" }, { "docid": "1030131", "text": "The Poás Volcano (), is an active stratovolcano in central Costa Rica and is located within Poas Volcano National Park. It has erupted 40 times since 1828, including April 2017 when visitors and residents were evacuated. The volcano and surrounding park were closed for nearly 17 months, with a 2.5 kilometer safety perimeter established around the erupting crater. On September 1, 2018, the park reopened with limited access only to the crater observation area and required a reservation to be made on the National Park Website. Adjacent trails to Lake Botos as well as the museum at the visitor center remained closed. The volcano erupted briefly twice in September 2019. Crater lakes There are two crater lakes near the summit. The northern lake is known as the Laguna Caliente (\"hot lagoon\") and is located at a height of 2,300 m in a crater approximately 0.3 km wide and 30 m deep. It is one of the world's most acidic lakes. The acidity varies after rain and changes in volcanic activity, sometimes reaching a pH of almost 0. The bottom of this lake is covered with a layer of liquid sulfur. Acidity, lake temperature fluctuations, and a complex, toxic sulfur and iron chemistry (conjectured to be like conditions on early Earth and Mars) limits aquatic life to specially-adapted Acidiphilium bacteria. Above ground, acid gases create acid rain and acid fog, causing damage to surrounding ecosystems and often irritation of eyes and lungs. Lake Botos, the southern lake, fills an inactive crater, which last erupted in 7500 BC. It is cold and clear, and is surrounded by a cloud forest within the National Park boundaries. Eruptive history On May 17, 1953, an eruption occurred that started a cycle that lasted until 1956. At least two people were reported missing. Poás was near the epicenter of a 6.1-magnitude earthquake in January 2009 that killed at least forty people and affected Fraijanes, Vara Blanca, Cinchona (the most affected area), the capital San José, and the Central Valley region of Costa Rica. There was also eruptive activity in 2009 involving minor phreatic eruptions and landslides within the northern active crater. Poás eruptions often include geyser-like ejections of crater-lake water. On February 25, 2014, a webcam from the Volcanological and Seismological Observatory of Costa Rica (OVSICORI) captured the moment a dark cloud exploded about 1,000 feet in the air from a massive crater of the Poás Volcano. This volcano remains active today. Poás is one of 9 volcanoes currently monitored by the Deep Earth Carbon Degassing Project. The project is collecting data on the carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide emission rates from subaerial volcanoes. 2017 Activity On April 9, 2017, National Park officials placed restrictions on visitors at Poas due to an increased volume of toxic gases at the summit crater. An explosion on April 12 caused park officials to close the popular park to visitors. The measure was termed \"temporary.\" Some nearby residents were also evacuated. On April 14, 2017, two eruptions at 07:39 and", "title": "Poás Volcano" }, { "docid": "165763", "text": "Marble has been the preferred material for stone monumental sculpture since ancient times, with several advantages over its more common geological \"parent\" limestone, in particular the ability to absorb light a small distance into the surface before refracting it in subsurface scattering. This gives an attractive soft appearance that is especially good for representing human skin, which can also be polished. Of the many different types of marble the pure white ones are generally used for sculpture, with coloured ones preferred for many architectural and decorative uses. The degree of hardness is right to carve without too much difficulty, but still give a very durable result, if not exposed to acid rain or seawater. Famous individual types and quarries include from classical times Parian marble from Paros, used for the Venus de Milo and many other Ancient Greek sculptures, and Pentelic marble, from near Athens, used for most of the Parthenon sculptures, and by the Romans. Carrara marble from northern Italy was used by the Romans, and very extensively up to recent decades, when the pure white statuario grade more or less ran out. This was used by Michelangelo and other Renaissance sculptors, and later exported, including to America. Material origin and qualities Marble is a metamorphic rock derived from limestone, composed mostly of calcite (a crystalline form of calcium carbonate, CaCO3). The original source of the parent limestone is the seabed deposition of calcium carbonate in the form of microscopic animal skeletons or similar materials. Marble is formed when the limestone is transformed by heat and pressure after being overlain by other materials. The finest marbles for sculpture have no or few stains, though natural stains can be incorporated into the work itself. Advantages Among the commonly available stones, only marble has a slight translucency i.e. subsurface scattering that is comparable to that of human skin. It is this translucency that gives a marble sculpture a visual depth beyond its surface and this evokes a certain realism when used for figurative works. Some types of marble also have the advantage that, when first quarried, it is relatively soft and easy to work, refine, and polish. As the finished marble ages, it becomes harder and more durable. Preference to the cheaper and less translucent limestone is based largely on the fineness of marble's grain, which enables the sculptor to render minute detail in a manner not always possible with limestone. In contrast to limestone, marble is also extremely weather-resistant. As a result, surface changes due to the immediate environment are not always visible to the naked eye. This feature can pose challenges when dating ancient works. Disadvantages Marble sculptors must be careful when handling their materials, as the stone can absorb skin oils and develop yellow or brown stains. While more resistant than limestone it is subject to attack by weak acids, and so performs poorly in outdoor environments subject to acid rain. For severe environments, granite is a more lasting material but one which is far more difficult to", "title": "Marble sculpture" }, { "docid": "3782916", "text": "Gene Elden Likens (born January 6, 1935) is an American limnologist and ecologist. He co-founded the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in 1963, and founded the Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies in Millbrook, New York in 1983. A leading pioneer in long-term multidisciplinary ecological studies, Likens examines energy flow and biogeochemical flux models in the ecosystems of forests, streams and lakes. Likens is best known for leading the team of scientists that discovered acid rain in North America, and connected fossil fuels with increasing acidity of precipitation. In addition to its scientific impact, this work has influenced public debate and governmental policy, particularly the United States Congress's Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. Education Gene Likens was born in Pierceton, Indiana. Likens received his B.S. in zoology at Manchester University (North Manchester, Indiana) in 1957, followed by his M.S. in zoology in 1959 from the University of Wisconsin–Madison. He received his Ph.D. in zoology in 1962, also from the University of Wisconsin–Madison, for his thesis on Transport of radioisotopes in lakes. Career Dartmouth College Likens was an instructor and associate professor at Dartmouth College from 1963 to 1969. In the 1960s, Likens did early work in the dry valleys of Antarctica, examining the thermal structures of Lake Vanda and Lake Bonney. Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest Likens was co-founder in 1963 of a group with F. Herbert Bormann, Robert S. Pierce and Noye M. Johnson working on the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in the White Mountains of New Hampshire. The study immediately found that the rain was abnormally acidic, and the group carried out one of the first scientific studies linking acid rain to air pollution such as sulphur dioxide from the use of fossil fuels. In 1988, Hubbard Brook was designated by the National Science Foundation as an LTER, a site for collaborative long term ecological research. In 2005, Hubbard Brook celebrated 50 years of research at the site. Likens' work in the area is considered \"one of the world’s most comprehensive studies on how air pollution and land use shape forested watersheds\". Work at Mirror Lake, at the lower end of the Hubbard Brook Valley, has been particularly important in understanding the importance of physical, chemical, and biological linkages involving the lake and its watershed and airshed. Liken has extensively studied biogeochemical cycles describing the flow of matter within ecosystems. Riparian zones linking water and land are particularly important in maintaining the health of wild lands. Liken has also done important work on deforestation and its potential impact on the chemistry of watersheds. This research has had significant impacts on programs for forest management, in particular the United States Forest Service's adoption of a 100–year rotation policy. Likens and others devised a range of highly influential long-term experiments on an ecosystemic scale. These include the small-watershed model of nutrient cycling, in which all water entering and leaving a naturally-bounded watershed is measured, enabling scientists to calculate the hydrologic", "title": "Gene Likens" }, { "docid": "69907", "text": "Severe weather phenomena are weather conditions that are hazardous to human life and property. Severe weather can occur under a variety of situations, but three characteristics are generally needed: a temperature or moisture boundary, moisture, and (in the event of severe, precipitation-based events) instability in the atmosphere. Examples Atmospheric Fog Haar (fog) Ice fog Electrical storms Thundershower Thunderstorm formerly Thunder Derecho Multicellular thunderstorm Pulse storm Squall line Storm cell (single-cell) Supercells, rotating thunderstorms Lightning Fire Wildfire or bushfire (ignition of wildfires is sometimes by lightning strike, especially in \"dry thunderstorms\") Firestorm Fire whirl, also called firenado and fire tornado Flood Floods Flash flood Coastal flooding Tidal flooding Storm surge Oceans and bodies of water Harmful algal bloom Blue green algae Red tide High seas Sneaker wave High tides King tide Ice shove Rogue wave Seiche Swell (ocean) Tidal surge Storm surge Rip currents Undertow (water waves) Whirlpools Snow Avalanche Blizzard Lake effect snow Snownado Snow devil Polar vortex Ice Black ice Glaze ice Hailstorm Ice shove Ice storm Megacryometeor Rain Acid rain Blood rain Cold drop (; archaic as a meteorological term), colloquially, any high impact rainfall event along the Mediterranean coast of Spain Drought, a prolonged water supply shortage, often caused by persistent lack of, or much reduced, rainfall Floods Flash flood Rainstorm Red rain in Kerala (for related phenomena, see Blood rain) Monsoon Surface movement Avalanche Mass wasting and landslips Landslide Debris flows Mudslide Rockfall Coastal erosion Sinkhole Temperature Cold wave Heat wave Heat burst Polar vortex Wind Cyclones Extratropical cyclone European windstorms Australian East Coast Low \"Medicane\", Mediterranean tropical-like cyclones Polar cyclone Tropical cyclone, also called a hurricane, typhoon, or just \"cyclone\" Subtropical cyclone Australian east coast low Explosive cyclogenesis or weather bomb Dust storm Haboob Dust devil Sandstorm Hurricane Katabatic winds Bohemian wind Bora Piteraq Gregale Anabatic wind Valley exit jet Santa Ana winds Williwaws Chinook Gale Monsoon Nor’easter Nor'westers Steam devil Squall Straight-line winds Derecho Tornado (also colloquially referred to as a \"whirlwind\" or \"twister\") Landspout Gustnado, a \"gust front tornado\" Waterspout Winter storms Wind gust Windstorm Gust front Other Heat lightning Zud, widespread livestock death, mainly by starvation, caused by climatic conditions Hayfever Some related meteorological terms: weather front ,gust front , bow echo,Atmospheric river Phenomena caused by severe thunderstorms Excessive Lightning Derecho Extreme wind (70 mph or greater) Downpours Heavy rain Flood, flash flood, coastal flooding Hail High winds – 93 km/h(58 mph) or higher. Lightning Thundersnow, Snowsquall Tornado Windstorm (gradient pressure induced) Severe thunderstorm (hailstorm, downburst: microbursts and macrobursts) Severe weather caused by humans Air pollution See also Extreme weather List of weather-related phenomena Meteorology Severe weather terminology (United States) Space weather Lists of natural disasters Glossaries of meteorology Wikipedia glossaries using unordered lists Weather-related lists de:Unwetter ja:荒天", "title": "List of severe weather phenomena" }, { "docid": "61575689", "text": "The National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) is a Cooperative Research Support Program of the State Agricultural Experiment Stations (NRSP-3). Housed at the Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, the NADP is a collaborative effort between many different groups, such as: Federal, state, tribal, local governmental agencies, educational institutions, private companies, and non-governmental agencies. These organizations work together in order to operate monitoring sites and report deposition data. The NADP provides free access to all of its data, including seasonal and annual averages, trend plots, deposition maps, reports, manuals, and educational brochures. Overview Established: 1977 Number of sites: ~350 different site locations Numbers of users: >37,000 History Evolution The National Atmospheric Deposition Program, or NADP, was initiated by the State Agricultural Experiment Station in 1977 to monitor the effects of atmospheric deposition on crops, rangelands, forests, surface waters, and other natural and cultural resources. The initial goal was to provide regional data for the deposition of acids, nutrients, and base cations (including temporal trends/amounts and geographic distributions). In 1978, the first NADP sites began collecting weekly precipitation samples. In the early 1980s, the National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP) was established, and began to work in collaboration with NADP in order to sustain a long term, quality-assured precipitation monitoring network. This unification brought on a major expansion as well as newfound federal agency support. Today, the NADP National Trends Network (NTN) has more than 250 sites. In response to emerging issues, the NADP established an additional two networks in the 1990s: The Atmospheric Integrated Research Monitoring Network (AIRMoN), which collected daily samples at five sites, and the Mercury Deposition Network (MDN), which has more than 80 sites (six of which are located in Canada). The MDN collects wet deposition data for both total and methyl mercury in precipitation. In 2009, the Atmospheric Mercury Network (AMNet) was formed as a fourth network, and as a subset of some MDN sites. The network uses continuous automatic measurement systems to monitor gaseous and particulate concentrations of atmospheric mercury. The Ammonia Monitoring Network (AMoN) was added as a fifth network in October 2010, and it currently has more than 100 sites. AMoN monitors ammonia gas concentrations across the United States to provide consistent and lasting data. The Mercury Litterfall Network (MLN) was approved as the sixth network in 2021 with 22 sites. MLN provides estimates of mercury dry deposition in forested landscapes using passive collectors. History of the National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP) The National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP) was a cooperative federal program that was first authorized in 1981 in order to coordinate acid rain research and report those findings to the U.S. Congress. The research, monitoring, and assessment efforts of NAPAP, and other groups in the 1980s, culminated in Title IV of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA), also known as the Acid Deposition Control Program. Title IX of the CAAA reauthorized NAPAP to conduct acid rain research and monitoring, and to periodically assess the costs,", "title": "National Atmospheric Deposition Program" }, { "docid": "2248504", "text": "\"I Want to Tell You\" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles from their 1966 album Revolver. It was written and sung by George Harrison, the band's lead guitarist. After \"Taxman\" and \"Love You To\", it was the third Harrison composition recorded for Revolver. Its inclusion on the LP marked the first time that he was allocated more than two songs on a Beatles album, a reflection of his continued growth as a songwriter beside John Lennon and Paul McCartney. When writing \"I Want to Tell You\", Harrison drew inspiration from his experimentation with the hallucinogenic drug LSD. The lyrics address what he later termed \"the avalanche of thoughts that are so hard to write down or say or transmit\". In combination with the song's philosophical message, Harrison's stuttering guitar riff and the dissonance he employs in the melody reflect the difficulties of achieving meaningful communication. The recording marked the first time that McCartney played his bass guitar part after the band had completed the rhythm track for a song, a technique that became commonplace on the Beatles' subsequent recordings. Among music critics and Beatles biographers, many writers have admired the group's performance on the track, particularly McCartney's use of Indian-style vocal melisma. Harrison performed \"I Want to Tell You\" as the opening song throughout his 1991 Japanese tour with Eric Clapton. A version recorded during that tour appears on his Live in Japan album. At the Concert for George tribute in November 2002, a year after Harrison's death, the song was used to open the Western portion of the event, when it was performed by Jeff Lynne. Ted Nugent, the Smithereens, Thea Gilmore and the Melvins are among the other artists who have covered the track. Background and inspiration George Harrison wrote \"I Want to Tell You\" in the early part of 1966, the year in which his songwriting matured in terms of subject matter and productivity. As a secondary composer to John Lennon and Paul McCartney in the Beatles, Harrison began to establish his own musical identity through his absorption in Indian culture, as well as the perspective he gained through his experiences with the hallucinogenic drug lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). According to author Gary Tillery, the song resulted from a \"creative surge\" that Harrison experienced at the start of 1966. During the same period, the Beatles had been afforded an unusually long time free of professional commitments due to their decision to turn down A Talent for Loving as their third film for United Artists. Harrison used this time to study the Indian sitar and, like Lennon, to explore philosophical issues in his songwriting while preparing to record the band's next album, Revolver. In his autobiography, I, Me, Mine, Harrison says that \"I Want to Tell You\" addresses \"the avalanche of thoughts that are so hard to write down or say or transmit\". Authors Russell Reising and Jim LeBlanc cite the song, along with \"Rain\" and \"Within You Without You\", as an early example", "title": "I Want to Tell You" }, { "docid": "58322159", "text": "Behtash Sanaeeha (; born 1980 in Shiraz) is an Iranian film director, producer, and screenwriter. Biography Behtash Sanaeeha was born in Shiraz, a city located in the Fars province. He graduated in civil engineering BA, and later left his Master of Arts programme in architecture and started writing scripts and directing short films, documentaries and advertisements. He also wrote and directed two animated TV series and a TV fiction film. His first feature film, \"Risk of Acid Rain\" won the Best Screenplay of the 31st Fajr Film Festival, and also got nominated for the best film in the Arts and Experience section in the same festival. Risk Of Acid Rain also won the first prize of \"Brilliant Talents\" section from the 9th celebration of film critics. Sanaeeha also won the 2015 Netpac (Asian Cinema Promotion) award from the Iranian Film Festival in Australia. The film was screened at more than thirty festivals globally. After his first feature, Sanaeeha co-directed a documentary film named \"The Invincible Diplomacy of Mr Naderi\" in 2017 with Maryam Moqadam which won numerous awards at domestic and international film festivals. In 2018, Sanaeeha was selected to be a jury member for Ingmar Bergman Award in Sweden. Sanaeeha's best-known work is the film Ballad of a White Cow (2021) which he co-wrote and co-directed. It premiered in the competition section of the 71st Berlin International Film Festival and later won the audience award. The film was also screened at multiple international festivals including Tribeca, Karlovy Vary, Zurich, Melbourne, and Edinburgh. Filmography Awards and festivals WINNER of the best screecplay in 33rd Fajr Film Festival - IRAN 2015 (Risk Of Acid Rain) Nominated for the best film (Simorgh Boloorin) in 33rd Fajr Film Festival - IRAN 2015 (Risk Of Acid Rain) WINNER of the best talented first film director in the 9th celebration of film critics - IRAN 2015 (Risk Of Acid Rain) WINNER of the NETPAC award - AUSTRALIA 2015 (Risk Of Acid Rain) WINNER of the special jury award International Film Festival Colombo - SRI LANKA 2015 (Risk Of Acid Rain) WINNER of Audience award Prague Film Festival - CZECH Republic 2016 (Risk Of Acid Rain) Official Selection 26th Stockholm Film Festival - SWEDEN 2015 (Risk Of Acid Rain) Official Selection Mumbai Film Festival - INDIA 2015 Official Selection 14th Pune Film Festival - INDIA 2015 (Risk Of Acid Rain) Official Selection Zurich Film Festival - SWITZERLAND 2015 (Risk Of Acid Rain) Official Selection 39th Gothenburg Film Festival - SWEDEN 2016 (Risk Of Acid Rain) Official Selection 19th Perth Film Festival - AUSTRALIA 2016 (Risk Of Acid Rain) WINNER of the best documentary film award in Iran documentary Film Festival (Cinema Verite) 2017.(The Invincible Diplomacy Of Mr. Naderi) WINNER of the best documentary film award in Prague Film Festival 2018 (The Invincible Diplomacy Of Mr. Naderi) Nominated for Best Screenplay at the 38th Fajr Film Festival for the film Ballad for the White Cow 2020 Nominated for the Golden Bear 71st Berlin International Film Festival in", "title": "Behtash Sanaeeha" }, { "docid": "73363226", "text": "Laccaic acids or laccainic acids are a group of five anthraquinone derivatives, designated A through E, which are components of the red shellac obtained from the insect Kerria lacca, similar to carminic acid and kermesic acid. This article focuses primarily on laccaic acid A (LCA). History Etymology The word varnish goes back to the old Indian Sanskrit word laksha, meaning a hundred thousand lice, and came into German via the Italian “lacca” in the 16th century. The word also exists in Hindi (Lakh) and Sinhala (Lakda). The term Lac Dye comes from English \"dye\" means paint dye. This pigment is mostly found in South and South-East Asia. Usage Laccaic acids are mainly used to dye natural fabrics (mostly silk, wool, or cotton) and food, including both drinks and solid products. It is one of the most common natural dyes, but it is less used in cosmetics than carmine, the main natural dye used in this industry. The bright red colorant gives a lightfast tint to silk and wool. It is a similar color to dyes obtained from cochineals and kermes. The color of the dye can be modified by the choice of mordant from violet to red to brown. The use of lac dye can be traced back to 250 AD when it was mentioned by Claudius Aelianus, a Roman writer on a volume about natural history. This pigment made from lac dye, Indian Lake, was listed by Winsor & Newton in their 1896 catalogue. Derivatives These derivatives differ through one ramification except for the acid D, which is closer in form to the kermesic acid. Acid laccaic D can be confused or interchanged with flavokermisic acid due to their almost identical structure. These acids can all be represented in a general form (lac-dye), where the derivative A is the most important. The different derivatives include: Acid B (3,5,6,8-tetrahydroxy-7-[2-hydroxy-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenyl]-9,10-dioxoanthracene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid) Acid C (7-[5-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-2-hydroxyphenyl]-3,5,6,8-tetrahydroxy-9,10-dioxoanthracene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid) Acid D (3,6,8-trihydroxy-1-methyl-9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-carboxylic acid) Acid E (7-[5-(2-aminoethyl)-2-hydroxyphenyl]-3,5,6,8-tetrahydroxy-9,10-dioxoanthracene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid) Structure Laccaic acid A has an amide functional group in its structure while the acids B, C, and E have amine groups. The only difference between the acid D and kermesic acid is a hydroxide function missing on the position 8. Isolation/extraction Acids A, B, C, and E can be isolated from lac dye through many different ways: microwave induced from lac insects, high speed counter-current chromatography or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Extraction from the stick lac The stick lac collected from Rain trees (mostly located in Asia) can be powdered in a mill and finely ground. The powdered material is extracted with deionized water at 60°C for 1 h. The aqueous solution is filtered and then concentrated under reduced pressure in a rotary evaporator to give a crude lac dye extract, which can then be used without further purification. This extract can be directly named lac dye. Extraction from insect corpse Grind the body with the appropriate amount of water, then use 4-5 times the original amount of water for extraction several times. Centrifuge to remove all slag,", "title": "Laccaic acid" }, { "docid": "25979966", "text": "Conductometry is a measurement of electrolytic conductivity to monitor a progress of chemical reaction. Conductometry has notable application in analytical chemistry, where conductometric titration is a standard technique. In usual analytical chemistry practice, the term conductometry is used as a synonym of ''conductometric titration while the term conductimetry is used to describe non-titrative applications. Conductometry is often applied to determine the total conductance of a solution or to analyze the end point of titrations that include ions. History Conductive measurements began as early as the 18th century, when Andreas Baumgartner noticed that salt and mineral waters from Bad Gastein in Austria conducted electricity. As such, using conductometry to determine water purity, which is often used today to test the effectiveness of water purification systems, began in 1776. Friedrich Kohlrausch further developed conductometry in the 1860s when he applied alternating current to water, acids, and other solutions. It was also around this time when Willis Whitney, who was studying the interactions of sulfuric acid and chromium sulfate complexes, found the first conductometric endpoint. These finding culminated into potentiometric titrations and the first instrument for volumetric analysis by Robert Behrend in 1883 while titrating chloride and bromide with HgNO3. This development allowed for testing the solubility of salts and hydrogen ion concentration, as well as acid/base and redox titrations. Conductometry was further improved with the development of the glass electrode, which began in 1909. Titration Conductometric titration is a type of titration in which the electrolytic conductivity of the reaction mixture is continuously monitored as one reactant is added. The equivalence point is the point at which the conductivity undergoes a sudden change. Marked increase or decrease in conductance are associated with the changing concentrations of the two most highly conducting ions—the hydrogen and hydroxyl ions. The method can be used for titrating coloured solutions or homogeneous suspension (e.g.: wood pulp suspension), which cannot be used with normal indicators. Acid-base titrations and redox titrations are often performed in which common indicators are used to locate the end point e.g., methyl orange, phenolphthalein for acid base titrations and starch solutions for iodometric type redox process. However, electrical conductance measurements can also be used as a tool to locate the end point. Example: titration of an HCl solution with the strong base NaOH. As the titration progresses, the protons are neutralized to form water by the addition of NaOH. For each amount of NaOH added equivalent amount of hydrogen ions is removed. Effectively, the mobile H+ cation is replaced by the less-mobile Na+ ion, and the conductivity of the titrated solution as well as the measured conductance of the cell fall. This continues until the equivalence point is reached, at which one obtains a solution of sodium chloride, NaCl. If more base is added, an increase in conductivity or conductance is observed, since more ions Na+ and OH− are being added and the neutralization reaction no longer removes an appreciable amount of H+. Consequently, in the titration of a strong acid with a strong", "title": "Conductometry" }, { "docid": "7574401", "text": "The Acid Rain Program is a market-based initiative taken by the United States Environmental Protection Agency in an effort to reduce overall atmospheric levels of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, which cause acid rain. The program is an implementation of emissions trading that primarily targets coal-burning power plants, allowing them to buy and sell emission permits (called \"allowances\") according to individual needs and costs. In 2011, the trading program that existed since 1995 was supplemented by four separate trading programs under the Cross-State Air Pollution Rule (CSAPR). On August 21, 2012, the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia issued its Opinion and Order in the appeal of the Cross State Air Pollution Rule (CSAPR) for two independent legal reasons. The stay on CSAPR was lifted in October 2014, allowing implementation of the law and its trading programs to begin. A 2021 study found that the \"Acid Rain Program caused lasting improvements in ambient air quality,\" reducing mortality risk by 5% over 10 years. History Title IV of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 established the allowance market system known today as the Acid Rain Program. Initially targeting only sulfur dioxide, Title IV set a decreasing cap on total SO2 emissions for each of the following several years, aiming to reduce overall emissions to 50% of 1980 levels. The program did not begin immediately, but was implemented in two stages: Phase I (starting January 1, 1995) and Phase II (starting January 1, 2000). The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 set as its primary goal the reduction of annual SO2 emissions by 10 million tons below 1980 levels of about 18.9 million tons. To achieve these reductions by 2000, when a nationwide sulfur dioxide emissions cap of 8.95 million tons per year began, the law required a two phase tightening of operating restrictions placed on fossil fuel fired (e.g., coal, oil, natural gas) power plants. The operation and pricing of a market for emissions allowances would not be viable in the absence of an effective regulatory cap on the total number of allowances available. Scope of Phase I requirements In Phase I, half the total reductions were required by January 1, 1995, largely by requiring 110 electric power generating plants (261 units in 21 states) to cut sulfur dioxide emission rates to . Each of these generating units was identified by name and location, and a quantity of emissions allowances was specified in the statute in tons of allowable SO2 emissions per year. For comparison, new generating units built since 1978 were required to limit sulfur dioxide to a \"lowest achievable emissions rate\" of about . Coal with 1.25% sulfur and produces sulfur dioxide emissions of , with lower emissions produced by either lower sulfur content or higher Btu content. As an incentive for reducing emissions, for each ton of sulfur dioxide reduced below the applicable emissions limit, owners of a generating unit received an emissions allowance they could use at another unit, keep for future", "title": "Acid Rain Program" }, { "docid": "2203516", "text": "\"Fall on Me\" is a song by the American alternative rock band R.E.M. from their fourth album Lifes Rich Pageant (1986). It was the first of two singles released from that LP. It peaked at number 94 on the Billboard Hot 100. The song was one of the band's early compositions about environmentalism, discussing acid rain. It also transitioned from their murky lyrics and jangling guitar of their first three albums to a more accessible sound influenced by producer Don Gehman. Meaning and origin Though R.E.M. singer Michael Stipe once described the song as \"pretty much a song about oppression,\" the subject of the song was initially about acid rain and its effects on the environment, hence the first line of the chorus, \"Don't fall on me.\" When it first appeared during live concerts in 1985, the song had a different melody which had been entirely rewritten by the time of its recording for Lifes Rich Pageant. The counter-melody in the second verse is actually the song's original tune and features the original acid rain inspired lyrics. In an interview with David Fricke, singer Michael Stipe commented that the finished version of the song \"is not about acid rain. It's a general oppression song about the fact that there are a lot of causes out there that need a song that says, 'Don't smash us.' And specifically, there are references to the Leaning Tower of Pisa and the guy dropping weights and feathers.\" In audience patter prior to a performance of the song on VH1 Storytellers in 1998, Stipe again mentioned the apocryphal tale of Galileo Galilei dropping feathers and lead weights off the Leaning Tower of Pisa (to test the laws of gravity) as partial inspiration for the first verse:“I was reading an article in Boston when I was on tour with the Golden Palominos, and Chris Stamey showed me this article about this guy that did an experiment from the Leaning Tower of Pisa, whereby he dropped a pound of feathers and a pound of iron to prove that there was... a difference in the... density? What did he prove? I don’t even know. [A man shouts out from the audience] What? [\"They fall just as fast,\" repeated the disembodied voice] They fall just as fast. Thank you very much.” The song is something of a duet between Stipe and Mike Mills, with the two of them sharing vocals prominently during the bridge and chorus. Mills takes lead vocals for the bridge. Later in the song, the pair are joined by Bill Berry's vocals in the chorus with the words \"it's gonna fall\". Reception Billboard said it is \"hum-worthy and top 40-compatible, though the subliminal stuff is here, too.\" Music video Stipe filmed and directed the video for this song, in which the lyrics are seen superimposed over upside-down, black-and-white footage of a quarry and various pieces of abandoned equipment. Towards the end of the second verse, he misspelled the word 'Foresight'. Track listing All songs written by", "title": "Fall on Me (R.E.M. song)" }, { "docid": "4396374", "text": "Loyalsock Creek is a tributary of the West Branch Susquehanna River located chiefly in Sullivan and Lycoming counties in Pennsylvania in the United States. As the crow flies, Lycoming County is about northwest of Philadelphia and east-northeast of Pittsburgh. Name The name is a corruption of a word in the language of the local indigenous peoples meaning \"middle creek\" (the original was something like Lawi-sahquick). This refers to Loyalsock Creek's location between Lycoming Creek and Muncy Creek, with the mouths of each about up- and downstream of the mouth of the Loyalsock. Several important trails used by the local indigenous peoples ran along parts of the Loyalsock or crossed it. Two important villages of the local indigenous peoples were located on its banks, one of which, Ots-ton-wak-in, was the home to Madame Montour and her son Andrew Montour, and later became Montoursville. Description Loyalsock Creek is long. The source is in western Wyoming County near the Sullivan County line, and its confluence with the West Branch Susquehanna River is at Montoursville. The area surrounding the confluence with the Susquehanna River has been flooded numerous times over the past decade, devastating many local homes and businesses. Its main tributary is Little Loyalsock Creek, which has its confluence at Forksville in Sullivan County. The names of Forksville and the surrounding Forks Township come from the fork of the creek there. Pennsylvania receives the most acid rain of any state in the United States. Because Loyalsock Creek is in a sandstone, shale, conglomerate, and coal mountain region, it has a relatively low capacity to neutralize added acid. This makes it especially vulnerable to increased acidification from acid rain, which poses a long-term threat to the health of the plants and animals in the creek. Loyalsock Creek is used for trout fishing and whitewater kayaking, and the Loyalsock Trail which runs along it is an opportunity for hiking. Worlds End State Park is located on the Loyalsock in Sullivan County, near Forksville. Pennsylvania Route 87 runs the length of the valley, following the north fork after Forksville. Floods The Loyalsock has flooded many times, including major floods in 1866, 1889, 1894 and 1936. The floods of 1972, 1975, 1996 and 2011 each set the record for discharge (flow of water) and stage/gauge (height of the river’s surface). Hurricanes/tropical storms are the primary cause of floods, including Lee (2011)), Ivan (2004), Agnes (1972), and Eloise (1975). The second biggest flood in January 1996 was due to high rain and major snow melt. The record flood of September 8, 2011 was due to a convergence of rare events, which included moisture from three tropical cyclones: The unusually heavy rains during the first four weeks of August. Three to five inches of rain from Hurricane Irene on August 28. The extreme rains far upstream (7+ inches) from remnants of Tropical Storm Lee. The enhanced rainfall on September 7–8 due to a moisture plume from Hurricane Katia. The Loyalsock valley is deep and narrow, and the 435 sq.", "title": "Loyalsock Creek" }, { "docid": "34631091", "text": "The Friends of the Boundary Waters, based in Minneapolis, Minnesota, is a non-profit organization formed in May 1976, with a mission to \"To protect, preserve and restore the wilderness character of the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness and the Quetico-Superior Ecosystem.\" The Friends have played a pivotal role in increasing the size of the wilderness area and limiting motor usage in accordance with the Wilderness Act. It has also had a major role in establishing the nation's first acid rain laws to protect Minnesota's aquatic ecosystems, increased buffer zones for aircraft flying over wilderness areas, and raised public awareness on the issues surrounding copper-nickel and other non-taconite mining and logging near the wilderness area. History Battles to Establish the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness In May 1976 The Friends of the Boundary Waters was formed with Bud Heinselman as chairman in opposition to Representative James Oberstar's bill that would have split the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness into two areas. The proposed bill would have kept as wilderness, while would have been declared a National Recreation Area that would remain open to motorized use, logging, and mining. The Friends of the Boundary Waters supported Representative Bruce Vento's bill that kept all of the Boundary Waters as wilderness. This bill was a precursor to the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness Act which was signed into law by President Jimmy Carter on October 21, 1978. The act increased the size of the wilderness area by and created the wilderness in Northern Minnesota. The Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness Act (Public Law 95-495) was contested in court from 1978 to 1982 by the National Association of Property Owners, The State of Minnesota, and other property owners within the wilderness area. The Friends of the Boundary Waters Wilderness joined with Audubon of Duluth, Izaak Walton League, League of Women Voters, MECCA, Minnesota Rovers, Minnesota Ornithologists Union, Wilderness Society, Wilderness Inquiry, and the Sierra Club in favor of the wilderness designation. The ruling was eventually upheld and declared constitutional by the Supreme Court by a decision of 8 to 1 on March 8, 1982. Acid Rain Awareness In November 1979 the Friends of the Boundary Waters Wilderness co-sponsored the world's first International Acid Rain Conference in Toronto, Ontario. This conference was the first of its kind and brought awareness to the detrimental effects of mercury pollution, mercury in fish, and acidification of the lakes and rivers of the United States. The Friends sponsored a local conference in February 1980 in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and this influenced the State of Minnesota to study the effects of acid rain. In 1982 The State of Minnesota passed the Acid Deposition Control Act which represented the world's most stringent acid rain laws. This act recognized that acid rain and mercury pollution posed a major threat to the Boundary Waters and the extremely fragile ecosystem which is represents. In 1986, Minnesota become the only state to set a specific standard to protect its sensitive aquatic ecosystems at about 10 lbs/acre of", "title": "Friends of the Boundary Waters Wilderness" }, { "docid": "38765318", "text": "Acid rain is rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic. Acid Rain may also refer to: Music Albums Acid Rain (album), a 2002 album by Esham Songs \"Acid Rain\" (Alexis Jordan song), 2013 \"Acid Rain\" (Angra song), 2001 \"Acid Rain\", by Avenged Sevenfold on their album Hail to the King \"Acid Rain\", by Chance the Rapper on his album Acid Rap \"Acid Rain\", by D.R.I. on their album Definition \"Acid Rain\", by FireHouse on their album Category 5 \"Acid Rain\", by Liquid Tension Experiment on their 1999 album Liquid Tension Experiment 2 \"Acid Rain\", by Lorn", "title": "Acid rain (disambiguation)" }, { "docid": "7986449", "text": "Alkaline precipitation occurs due to natural and anthropogenic causes. It happens when minerals, such as calcium, aluminum, or magnesium combine with other minerals to form alkaline residues that are emitted into the atmosphere, absorbed by water droplets in clouds, and eventually fall as rain. Aquatic environments are especially impacted by alkaline precipitation. Because alkaline precipitation can be harmful to the environment, it is important to utilize various methods such as air pollution control, solidification and stabilization, and remediation to manage it. Natural causes While most natural rains are weakly acidic, alkaline rain can also occur in natural conditions without the significant impact of pollutants. Natural alkaline rains from semiarid areas carry a substantial amount of mineral dust lifted from desert soil convection and transported by winds. After mixing with water vapor, they are carried by clouds and deposited on the ground in the form of rain dust. Anthropogenic causes The principal cause of alkaline rain are emissions from factories and waste deposits. Mineral dust containing large amounts of alkaline compounds such as calcium carbonate can also increase the pH of precipitation and contribute to basic rain. Alkaline rain can be viewed as opposite to acid rain. Industrial processes such as coal combustion, limestone, chromium ore, alumina extraction, iron, and steel manufacture can cause pollution by producing alkaline residue. These residues are significant and increasing in the global flux and are composed of sodium, calcium, or magnesium oxides that are hydrated to produce soluble hydroxides. Other sources include the surfaces of unpaved roads and soils that are covered in major alkaline elements (e.g. sodium, calcium, magnesium, and potassium). Impacts of alkaline precipitation Alkaline precipitation increases the pH of rainwater to 8.5-10, causing disturbances in aquatic ecosystems. These disturbances can cause physiological changes to aquatic life, changing the rates at which ammonia is dispelled, which leads to accumulation in organisms. The pH change in the water can cause precipitation of calcite from alkaline leachates that suffocate benthic and littoral aquatic habitats, along with reducing light penetration. Management Air pollution control yields two management practices of recycling ceramic material or landfill after treatment. These practices are made possible by several treatment methods of solidification/stabilization, thermal, and combined. The most commonly used method for dealing with these types of waste such as bauxite is solidification / stabilization. Remediation for alkaline leachate requires active aeration in order to promote carbonation, recirculation of drainage waters over stockpiled or lagooned residues, and acid dosing. Strong acids (e.g. hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid) are also used in neutralizing the pH; this is used at active processing plants but the liquid runoff can remain toxic to aquatic environments. Wetlands are also a low-cost remedy for alkaline leachates. See also Acid rain References Alkaline earth metals", "title": "Alkaline precipitation" }, { "docid": "51530383", "text": "Environmental issues in New York State include water, waste disposal, hydraulic fracturing, air quality, and invasive species. Water In New York State there are a multitude of water issues. In 2016 there was a harmful algal bloom (HAB). There are a multitude of bodies of water that are being affected by this for example, Chautauqua Lake was reported with HABs, as well as a high toxin report. In Cattaraugus County the Allegheny Reservoir was confirmed with algal blooms but no toxins. There are many more than 50 affected by HABs. In 1984, the State Acid Deposition Control Act required the reduction of SO2 emissions from existing sources and further NOx emission controls on new sources in New York State. Issues other causing and or helping the acid rain continue is power plants and automobiles. The environmental impact is eroding the ornamental facades, but it also messes with the sensitivity of an ecosystem like the Adirondack Mountains because the acid rains impacts the adequate soil buffering capacity to counter the acids deposited to it. In 2016, high levels of PFOA were detected in the groundwater in and around Hoosick Falls, NY. A class-action lawsuit was filed against Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics Corp., which resulted in a $65.25 million preliminary settlement that will move to a federal judge for final approval. Per a consent order between New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) and Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics and Honeywell International, the companies were also required to install a filtration system for the public water supply, an interceptor trench to prevent future contamination, and carry out a study to locate a long-term replacement water source. Waste disposal management There are a multitude of different types of waste that is disposed in the state, some of them being household hazardous waste, construction and demolition debris, industrial/commercial waste, regulated medical waste, waste tires, used oil, and much more. High-volume hydraulic fracturing High-volume hydraulic fracturing in New York State is no longer a problem but was earlier. Problems with this were contamination of drinking water. It polluted the air with tons of natural gas that was pumped from the ground. The drinking water at point was flammable when pedestrians and home owners would light their drinking water on fire. The smell of the gases impacted homeowners health very badly making some sick. But also it took up a lot of space and affected the living lifestyles of those that were near the sites where they pumped. Another impacted was habitat loss due to the large structures. Air quality According to the American Lung Association's report State of the Air 2012, Monroe County received a grade of 'C' for ground-level ozone. That means Monroe County had four orange-alert days. That's up from the 2011 report when we had got an 'F'. Back in 2004, Rochester was ranked 43rd worst metropolitan area for air quality. (Dirty Air, Dirty Power.) And, the last time the EPA measured Monroe County for ground-level ozone in 1997, we received a 'marginal' grade,", "title": "Environmental issues in New York" } ]	[ "1852" ]
train_45934	along the hpa-axis what is what factor is the first to be released in response to stress	[ { "docid": "183943", "text": "Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) (also known as corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) or corticoliberin; corticotropin may also be spelled corticotrophin) is a peptide hormone involved in stress responses. It is a releasing hormone that belongs to corticotropin-releasing factor family. In humans, it is encoded by the CRH gene. Its main function is the stimulation of the pituitary synthesis of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), as part of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA axis). Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is a 41-amino acid peptide derived from a 196-amino acid preprohormone. CRH is secreted by the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus in response to stress. Increased CRH production has been observed to be associated with Alzheimer's disease and major depression, and autosomal recessive hypothalamic corticotropin deficiency has multiple and potentially fatal metabolic consequences including hypoglycemia. In addition to being produced in the hypothalamus, CRH is also synthesized in peripheral tissues, such as T lymphocytes, and is highly expressed in the placenta. In the placenta, CRH is a marker that determines the length of gestation and the timing of parturition and delivery. A rapid increase in circulating levels of CRH occurs at the onset of parturition, suggesting that, in addition to its metabolic functions, CRH may act as a trigger for parturition. A recombinant version for diagnostics is called corticorelin (INN). Actions and psychopharmacology CRH is produced in response to stress, predominantly by parvocellular neurosecretory cells within the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and is released at the median eminence from neurosecretory terminals of these neurons into the primary capillary plexus of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system. The portal system carries the CRH to the anterior lobe of the pituitary, where it stimulates corticotropes to secrete adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and other biologically-active substances (β-endorphin). ACTH stimulates the synthesis of cortisol, glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids and DHEA. In the short term, CRH can suppress appetite, increase subjective feelings of anxiety, and perform other functions like boosting attention. During chronic stress conditions such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), blood serum levels of CRH are decreased in combat veterans with PTSD compared to healthy individuals. It is believed that chronic stress enhances the negative feedback inhibition of the HPA axis, resulting in lower CRH levels and HPA function. Abnormally high levels of CRH have been found in people with major depression, and in the cerebrospinal fluid of people who have committed suicide. Corticotropin-releasing hormone has been shown to interact with its receptors, corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRFR1) and corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 2 (CRFR2), in order to induce its effects. Injection of CRH into the rodent paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) can increase CRFR1 expression, with increased expression leading to depression-like behaviors. Sex differences have also been observed with respect to both CRH and the receptors that it interacts with. CRFR1 has been shown to exist at higher levels in the female nucleus accumbens, olfactory tubercle, and rostral anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) when compared to males, while male voles show increased levels of CRFR2 in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis compared to females. The", "title": "Corticotropin-releasing hormone" }, { "docid": "16455074", "text": "A Corticotropin-releasing hormone antagonist (CRH antagonist) is a specific type of receptor antagonist that blocks the receptor sites for corticotropin-releasing hormone, also known as corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), which synchronizes the behavioral, endocrine, autonomic, and immune responses to stress by controlling the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis). CRH antagonists thereby block the consequent secretions of ACTH and cortisol due to stress, among other effects. CRH receptor subtypes There are four subtypes of the CRH receptor known at present, defined as CRF-1, CRF-2a, CRF-2b, and CRF-2g. Three of these receptors are expressed only in the brain: CRF-1 in the cortex and cerebrum, CRF-2a in the lateral septum and hypothalamus, and CRF-2g in the amygdala. CRF-2b is expressed in the choroid plexus and cerebral arterioles in the brain, but is expressed mainly peripherally on the heart and skeletal muscle tissue. Extensive research has shown that overactivity in the brain CRF-CRF1 signaling system contributes to the onset of anxiety disorders and depression. It's been hypothesized that patients with clinical conditions that are causally related to HPA hyperactivity, including major depression and post-traumatic stress disorders, may benefit from CRH receptor antagonist treatment. CRH antagonists are believed to work by blocking the consequent secretions of ACTH and cortisol that occur following activation of CRH and lowering the stress-induced rise of CRH in CSF. There is increased clinical interest in CRH receptor antagonists that can cross the blood-brain barrier for the treatment of depression and anxiety, along with other conditions related to HPA hyperactivity, including treatment of irritable bowel syndrome, which is exacerbated by stress. CRH receptor antagonists research Peptide-based synthetic CRH receptor antagonists have been researched, but as they cannot pass through the blood-brain barrier, clinical research applications seem unlikely at this point, while non-peptidic selective CRH-R1 receptor antagonists have been both researched and synthesized with moderate levels of success. The majority of these antagonists consist of a general pharmacophore that is consistent in most research experiments, with minor alterations. The main research into clinical CRF antagonists has focused on antagonists selective for the CRF-1 subtype, which is expressed in the cortex and cerebrum, due to its heightened role in HPA hyperactivity. Several antagonists for this receptor have been developed and are widely used in research, with the best-known agents being the selective CRF-1 antagonist antalarmin and a newer drug pexacerfont. A recent human trial disappointingly found that pexacerfont did no better than a placebo in alleviating the symptoms of General Anxiety Disorder, though additional research is still needed. In monkeys, antalarmin has been successful in lowering the stress-induced CRF rise in CSF, suppressing anxiety-associated behaviors, and increased exploratory behavior in a stressful situation, but human trials are necessary to comprehend the clinical efficacy of antalarmin. Other ligands for the CRF-1 receptor antagonist used in research include LWH-234, CP-154,526, NBI-27914 and R-121,919. A small human clinical trial showed that 30 days of treatment with CRF1 antagonist R-121,919 was effective in lowering depression and anxiety scores in both male and female patients who had suffered a major depressive", "title": "Corticotropin-releasing hormone antagonist" }, { "docid": "19190217", "text": "Critical illness–related corticosteroid insufficiency is a form of adrenal insufficiency in critically ill patients who have blood corticosteroid levels which are inadequate for the severe stress response they experience. Combined with decreased glucocorticoid receptor sensitivity and tissue response to corticosteroids, this adrenal insufficiency constitutes a negative prognostic factor for intensive care patients. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis), in which the hypothalamus and pituitary gland control adrenal secretions, undergoes profound changes during critical illness. Both very high and very low levels of cortisol have been linked to a poor outcome in intensive care patients. It has been suggested that high levels could represent severe stress, whereas low levels are due to blunted cortisol production and response. CIRCI can be suspected in patients with low blood pressure despite resuscitation with intravenous fluids and vasopressor drugs. The Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines advocate intravenous hydrocortisone only in adults with septic shock and refractory hypotension. The exact definition of this condition, the best ways to test for corticoid insufficiency in critically ill patients, and the therapeutic use of (usually low doses) of corticosteroids remains a subject of debate. Signs and symptoms The best known feature that suggests a possible underlying adrenal insufficiency is low blood pressure despite resuscitation with intravenous fluids, requiring vasopressor drugs. These patients typically display tachycardia and other signs of hyperdynamic shock. Other symptoms include fever, purpura fulminans, and gastrointestinal or neurological disturbances. All these features are relatively non-specific in intensive care patients. In some patients a specific reason for adrenal insufficiency can be suspected, such as prior intake of corticosteroids that suppressed the HPA axis, or use of enzyme inducing drugs such as phenytoin. Treatment with imidazole drugs such as etomidate, ketoconazole and miconazole can also suppress the HPA axis, as well as drugs used specifically for this purpose, such as metyrapone. Several blood test abnormalities can suggest corticosteroid insufficiency, such as hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hypercalcemia, neutropenia, eosinophilia, hyperprolactinemia, and hypothyroidism. Physiology In acute states of severe stress, cortisol secretion by the adrenal gland increases up to sixfold, parallel to the severity of the condition. This is partly due to an increased secretion of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Several cytokines have been also shown to interfere with the HPA axis at multiple levels. There is also an increase in the number and affinity of glucocorticoid receptors. Levels of corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) and albumin, which normally bind cortisol, are decreased, resulting in increased levels of free cortisol. Furthermore, anaesthesia drugs like etomidate could interfere with the HPA axis. The secretion also loses its normal diurnal pattern of morning peak levels and evening and night time troughs. Nevertheless, secretion remains pulsatile and there is a marked variation in blood samples from the same individual. High blood levels of cortisol during critical illness could theoretically be protective because of several reasons. They modulate metabolism (for example, by inducing high blood sugar levels, thereby providing energy to the body). They also suppress excessive immune system activation and exert supporting effects on the", "title": "Critical illness–related corticosteroid insufficiency" }, { "docid": "146072", "text": "Stress, whether physiological, biological or psychological, is an organism's response to a stressor such as an environmental condition. When stressed by stimuli that alter an organism's environment, multiple systems respond across the body. In humans and most mammals, the autonomic nervous system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis are the two major systems that respond to stress. Two well-known hormones that humans produce during stressful situations are adrenaline and cortisol. The sympathoadrenal medullary (SAM) axis may activate the fight-or-flight response through the sympathetic nervous system, which dedicates energy to more relevant bodily systems to acute adaptation to stress, while the parasympathetic nervous system returns the body to homeostasis. The second major physiological stress-response center, the HPA axis, regulates the release of cortisol, which influences many bodily functions such as metabolic, psychological and immunological functions. The SAM and HPA axes are regulated by several brain regions, including the limbic system, prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hypothalamus, and stria terminalis. Through these mechanisms, stress can alter memory functions, reward, immune function, metabolism and susceptibility to diseases. Disease risk is particularly pertinent to mental illnesses, whereby chronic or severe stress remains a common risk factor for several mental illnesses. Psychology Acute stressful situations where the stress experienced is severe is a cause of change psychologically to the detriment of the well-being of the individual, such that symptomatic derealization and depersonalization, and anxiety and hyperarousal, are experienced. The International Classification of Diseases includes a group of mental and behavioral disorders which have their aetiology in reaction to severe stress and the consequent adaptive response. Chronic stress, and a lack of coping resources available, or used by an individual, can often lead to the development of psychological issues such as delusions, depression and anxiety (see below for further information). Chronic stress also causes brain atrophy, which is the loss of neurons and the connections between them. It affects the part of the brain that is important for learning, responding to the stressors and cognitive flexibility. Chronic stressors may not be as intense as acute stressors such as natural disaster or a major accident, but persist over longer periods of time and tend to have a more negative effect on health because they are sustained and thus require the body's physiological response to occur daily. This depletes the body's energy more quickly and usually occurs over long periods of time, especially when these microstressors cannot be avoided (i.e. stress of living in a dangerous neighborhood). See allostatic load for further discussion of the biological process by which chronic stress may affect the body. For example, studies have found that caregivers, particularly those of dementia patients, have higher levels of depression and slightly worse physical health than non-caregivers. When humans are under chronic stress, permanent changes in their physiological, emotional, and behavioral responses may occur. Chronic stress can include events such as caring for a spouse with dementia, or may result from brief focal events that have long term effects, such as experiencing a sexual assault. Studies have also shown that", "title": "Stress (biology)" }, { "docid": "69860092", "text": "Sleep epigenetics is the field of how epigenetics (heritable characteristics that do not involve changes in DNA sequence) affects sleep. Research in the field of epigenetics has time and time again proven the significance of various environmental experiences. Changes in sleep can cause critical changes to the epigenome, while changes to the epigenome can, in turn, have a crucial influence on experiences related to sleep. Early life experiences with stress can produce lifelong changes in the number of glucocorticoid receptors and impair sleep. Additionally, sleep deprivation alters individuals’ epigenome via changes to methylation, histones, and non-coding RNA. The development of sleep disorders such as insomnia, sleep apnea, and narcolepsy can be greatly impacted by epigenetic changes. Additionally, various methods have been discovered that can reverse, prevent, and treat sleep-related issues by causing epigenetic changes. Stress Exposure to stress, particularly during early life, has significant impacts on an individual's response to future experiences of stress. Research on epigenetic changes caused by differences in the amount of time rats were nurtured by their mother is one example of these significant impacts. When examining the epigenome of rat offspring, it is noted that alterations to the epigenome occur at the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene promoter in the hippocampus. This happens when the offspring experience a significant amount of licking and grooming from their mother at an early age. The offspring that experience a significant amount of licking and grooming develop differences in DNA methylation compared to the offspring that receive an insignificant amount of licking and grooming. The offspring that are inadequately nurtured by their mother become highly susceptible to stressful environments. These epigenetic differences can be seen as early as the first week of life and persist into adulthood. However, evidence shows that when offspring are cross-fostered to receive a good amount of licking and grooming, the epigenetic differences are reversed, supporting a causal relationship between the maternal effect and the epigenetic stress responses in offspring. This proposes that the offspring's epigenome can be altered and established through early life experiences. The effect of stress on sleep can be predicted long before a baby is born. It is hypothesized that increasing cortisol levels in mothers reduces the amount of glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) in an infant's hippocampus, lowering the physiological role of the negative feedback loop on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is important for regulating the wake-sleep cycle but works with other factors that help modulate sleep as well. When the negative feedback loop is disrupted due to stress, the HPA axis in newborns becomes hyperactive and the amount of cortisol in circulation elevates. However, the hyperactivity of the HPA axis and the elevated levels of cortisol in the hippocampus can be reversed or lowered to normal levels after demethylation of the hippocampal GR promoter, further providing evidence of the involvement of epigenetic mechanisms in HPA axis modifications. Glucocorticoids are a necessity for life. They play a large role in a majority of physiological functions involving metabolism, blood pressure, breathing,", "title": "Sleep epigenetics" }, { "docid": "24074123", "text": "The cortisol awakening response (CAR) is an increase between 38% and 75% in cortisol levels peaking 30–45 minutes after awakening in the morning in some people. This rise is superimposed upon the late-night rise in cortisol which occurs before awakening. While its purpose is uncertain, it may be linked to the hippocampus' preparation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) in order to face anticipated stress. Description Shortly after awakening, a sharp 38–75% (average 50%) increase occurs in the blood level of cortisol in about 77% of healthy people of all ages. The average level of salivary cortisol upon waking is roughly 15 nmol/L; 30 minutes later it may be 23 nmol/L, though there are wide variations. The cortisol awakening response reaches a maximum approximately 30 minutes after awakening though it may still be heightened by 34% an hour after waking. The pattern of this response to waking is relatively stable for any individual. Twin studies show its pattern is largely genetically determined since there is a heritability of 0.40 for the mean cortisol increase after awakening and 0.48 for the area under the cortisol rise curve. Normally, the highest cortisol secretion happens in the second half of the night with peak cortisol production occurring in the early morning. Following this, cortisol levels decline throughout the day with lowest levels during the first half of the night. Cortisol awakening response is independent of this circadian variation in HPA axis activity; it is superimposed upon the daily rhythm of HPA axis activity, and it seems to be linked specifically to the event of awakening. Cortisol awakening response provides an easy measure of the reactivity capacity of the HPA axis. Sleep factors Waking up earlier in the morning increases the response. Shift work: nurses working on morning shifts with very early awakening (between 4:00–5:30 a.m.) had a greater and prolonged cortisol awakening response than those on the late day shift (between 6:00–9:00 a.m.) or the night shift (between 11:00 a.m.–2:00 p.m.). However another study found that this greater response could be attributed to increased stress and impaired sleep quality before an early work shift (\"when these factors were taken into account, the difference in CAR related to experimental condition was no longer significant\"). Naps: students taking a nap of one to two hours in the early evening hours (between 6:45–8:30 p.m.) had no cortisol awakening response, suggesting cortisol awakening response only occurs after night sleep. Waking up in the light: cortisol awakening response is larger when people wake up in light rather than darkness. Noise: there is no cortisol rise after nights with traffic-like low-frequency noise. Alarm clock vs. spontaneous waking: there is no difference on days when people woke up spontaneously or used the alarm clock. Aspirin has been found to reduce the response probably through an action upon ACTH. Individual factors Morning types show a larger cortisol awakening response than evening types. Those with fatigue show a low rise and flat plateau. Those in pain: the response is reduced the more people", "title": "Cortisol awakening response" }, { "docid": "49608538", "text": "Geniposide, the glycoside form of genipin, is a bioactive iridoid glycoside that is found in a wide variety of medicinal herbs, such as Gardenia jasminoides (fruits) . Geniposide shows several pharmacological effects (in vitro and in vivo) including neuroprotective, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antidepressant-like, cardioprotective, antioxidant, immune-regulatory, antithrombotic and antitumoral activity. These pharmacology benefits arise through the modulating action of geniposide on several proteins and genes that are associated with inflammatory and oxidative stress processes. Physiological activity Neuroprotective A growing body of evidence shows that the neuroprotective benefit of geniposide probably arises from its agonist action on the glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1R) receptor. When this receptor is activated neurotrophic effects were induced in cells, such as neurite outgrowth, reducing amyloid plaques, inhibiting τ phosphorylation, preventing memory impairment and loss of synapses, reducing oxidative stress and the chronic inflammatory response., These effects could be promising in the treatment of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Antidepressant-Like Studies on depressive rats (induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress) have shown that the antidepressant effect of geniposide is similar to fluoxetine. This effect could be mediated by geniposide's effects on the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, whose dysfunction has been associated with the pathogenesis of depression. In a depressive state the serum levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol are increased, as well as hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone gene expression. The dysfunction of the HPA axis plays an important rule in the serotonergic system. When HPA axis shows high levels of activity, this leads to a hyper secretion of cortisol and corticotropin-releasing hormone, in the opposite case the serotonergic system suffers a downregulation and decreases its activity. Low serotonergic system activity results in hyporesponsivity of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the hippocampus. Geniposide was able to reverse the high levels of cortisol and hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone gene expression, which lead to an increase of 5-HT in the hippocampus and 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in striatum. Antioxidant Geniposide shows a reasonable capacity of induction of endogenous antioxidative proteins, which offer protection against cell injury by oxidative stress. A study with hippocampal neurons revealed that geniposide could enhance cytoprotection, though the activation of the enzyme Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) and the induction of the nuclear translocation of erythroid 2–related factor 2 (NFE2L2). The PI3K/Nrf2 pathway signaling triggers several responses, such as the expression of antioxidative enzymes heme oxygenase (HO-1), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1 (NQO1), reducing accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Anti-inflammatory Several studies have shown geniposide's potential to treat inflammatory diseases, such as arthritis, due to its effect in the production on cytokine and pro-inflammatory mediators. In rats with arthritis, oral administration of geniposide (30, 60, and 120 mg/kg) shows a decrease in T helper 17 cell cytokines such as interleukin-2 (IL-2) and an increase in regulatory T-cell cytokines in mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes, like interleukin-4 (IL-4) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1). Another study revealed that geniposide's effect was probably enhanced by immunoregulation in immunologic tissues, such as gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). When regulating, the mesenteric lymph node triggers the", "title": "Geniposide" }, { "docid": "55503308", "text": "Maternal fetal stress transfer is a physiological phenomenon in which psychosocial stress experienced by a mother during her pregnancy can be transferred to the fetus. Psychosocial stress describes the brain's physiological response to perceived social threat. Because of a link in blood supply between a mother and fetus, it has been found that stress can leave lasting effects on a developing fetus, even before a child is born. According to recent studies, these effects are mainly the result of two particular stress biomarkers circulating in the maternal blood supply: cortisol and catecholamines. Mechanism of action Cortisol is type of hormone called a glucocorticoid, which glucose usage in the body and tends to be activated during a fight-or-flight response. Cortisol is produced in the adrenal gland, whose activity is mediated by the hypothalamus and pituitary glands of the brain. Together, the collective signaling of the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and adrenal gland is known as the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. During a period of psychosocial stress, cortisol is released, leading to physiological manifestations of stress such as increased maternal blood pressure (MBP) and maternal heart rate (MHR). In the case of a pregnant woman, the release of cortisol from the adrenal glands also has an effect on the fetus being carried in the womb. Cortisol is a steroid hormone, and, like all steroid hormones, the receptors for cortisol are located intracellularly. In other words, cortisol does not need an extracellular receptor in order to enter the nucleus of cells and affect their gene expression. Because of this feature of steroid hormones, cortisol diffuses directly across the placenta, the barrier that separates the fetus from the mother. Luckily, the fetus has a protective mechanism against the inundation of cortisol from a stressed mother. There is an enzyme in the placenta called 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 that is capable of inactivating the vast majority of the cortisol passing through the placental barrier to the fetus. In cases of very high levels of maternal cortisol, this placental enzyme’s expression and activity are greatly reduced, thus buffering the fetus less from the mother’s high cortisol levels. There are detrimental effects to this loss of placental enzymatic activity. One such effect is a change in the set point for the HPA axis. Myriad studies in animal models indicate that, if fetal cortisol levels are high, then the HPA axis will be more active postnatally. High levels of fetal cortisol induce higher CRH expression in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) and the central nucleus of the amygdala. In other words, excessive cortisol crossing the placental barrier causes the hypothalamus and amygdala to increase transcription of CRH, which in turn stimulates HPA axis activity early in postnatal life. With such an overactive HPA axis, glucocorticoid receptor expression in the brain increases, making it so that the release of minimal levels of cortisol elicit a substantial response at developing synapses. It is speculated that the HPA axis will more rapidly develop its neural circuitry as a result. Etiology Susceptibility", "title": "Maternal fetal stress transfer" }, { "docid": "191003", "text": "The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA axis or HTPA axis) is a complex set of direct influences and feedback interactions among three components: the hypothalamus (a part of the brain located below the thalamus), the pituitary gland (a pea-shaped structure located below the hypothalamus), and the adrenal (also called \"suprarenal\") glands (small, conical organs on top of the kidneys). These organs and their interactions constitute the HPA axis. The HPA axis is a major neuroendocrine system that controls reactions to stress and regulates many body processes, including digestion, immune responses, mood and emotions, sexual activity, and energy storage and expenditure. It is the common mechanism for interactions among glands, hormones, and parts of the midbrain that mediate the general adaptation syndrome (GAS). While steroid hormones are produced mainly in vertebrates, the physiological role of the HPA axis and corticosteroids in stress response is so fundamental that analogous systems can be found in invertebrates and monocellular organisms as well. The HPA axis, hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis, hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid (HPT) axis, and the hypothalamic–neurohypophyseal system are the four major neuroendocrine systems through which the hypothalamus and pituitary direct neuroendocrine function. Anatomy The key elements of the HPA axis are: The paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus: It contains neuroendocrine neurons which synthesize and secrete vasopressin and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland: CRH and vasopressin stimulate the anterior lobe of pituitary gland to secrete adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), once known as corticotropin. The adrenal cortex: It produces glucocorticoid hormones (mainly cortisol in humans) in response to stimulation by ACTH. Glucocorticoids in turn, act back on the hypothalamus and pituitary (to suppress CRH and ACTH production) in a negative feedback cycle. CRH and vasopressin are released from neurosecretory nerve terminals at the median eminence. CRH is transported to the anterior pituitary through the portal blood vessel system of the hypophyseal stalk and vasopressin is transported by axonal transport to the posterior pituitary gland. There, CRH and vasopressin act synergistically to stimulate the secretion of stored ACTH from corticotrope cells. ACTH is transported by the blood to the adrenal cortex of the adrenal gland, where it rapidly stimulates the biosynthesis of corticosteroids such as cortisol from cholesterol. Cortisol is a major stress hormone and has effects on many tissues in the body, including the brain. In the brain, cortisol acts on two types of receptors: mineralocorticoid receptors and glucocorticoid receptors, and these are expressed by many different types of neurons. One important target of glucocorticoids is the hypothalamus, which is a major controlling centre of the HPA axis. Vasopressin can be thought of as \"water conservation hormone\" and is also known as \"antidiuretic hormone(ADH)\". It is released when the body is dehydrated and has potent water-conserving effects on the kidney. It is also a potent vasoconstrictor. Important to the function of the HPA axis are some of the following feedback loops: Cortisol produced in the adrenal cortex will negatively feedback to inhibit both the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland. This reduces the secretion of CRH and", "title": "Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis" }, { "docid": "21720175", "text": "The low arousal theory is a psychological theory explaining that people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and antisocial personality disorder seek self-stimulation by excessive activity in order to transcend their state of abnormally low arousal. This low arousal results in the inability or difficulty to sustain attention on any task of waning stimulation or novelty, as well as explaining compulsive hyperactive behavior. A person with low arousal reacts less to stimuli than one without. This individual, according to Hare (1970) is \"in a chronic state of 'stimulus-hunger'\". To further explain, Mawson and Mawson (1977) claim that the individual needs more \"sensory inputs\" to feel normal. Causes Researchers are unsure what causes low emotional arousal. Researchers have proposed three theories that could account for the low emotional arousal. The first theory stresses that emotional arousal is highly genetic. Secondly, some with low emotional arousal show underarousal of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA axis). The HPA axis is responsible for the body's stress response. Because there is thought to be underarousal of the HPA axis, studies have shown that this causes reduced secretion of epinephrine and cortisol. These two hormones are responsible for the physiological response to a threat. Third, low emotion arousal often elicits hypoactivity of the amygdala. The amygdala in the brain is part of the limbic system, and is responsible for processing and regulating emotions. This could possibly explain as to why those with low arousal often lack empathy as well as emotional reactivity to other people. Antisocial personality disorder Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) is characterized by repeated deceitfulness, impulsivity, irritability, and aggressiveness since 15 years old. Persons diagnosed with this disorder often score low on fear conditioning. The lack of the empathy associated with ASPD is thought to be linked to the low arousal theory. A study conducted showed that people diagnosed with ASPD showed less physiological arousal to pictures of people crying than people who were not. ADHD is often a precursor for ASPD. ADHD often co-occurs with conduct disorders 30–50% of the time; this can lead to the development of aggressive behavior which projects a higher likelihood of a person developing ASPD. Noise and performance ADHD is related to an incorrectly functioning dopamine system. In a study, the best performance was exhibited when stimuli caused a certain amount of psychological arousal. When using sound to help brain function, also known as stochastic resonance, it was found that significantly more noise is required to improve the performance of those with ADHD, since they have less dopamine (hypodopaminergia). See also Neophile Novelty seeking Sensation seeking Yerkes–Dodson law References Neuropsychology Psychological theories Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Neuropsychological assessment", "title": "Low arousal theory" }, { "docid": "2248687", "text": "Betamethasone dipropionate is a glucocorticoid steroid with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. It is applied as a topical cream, ointment, lotion or gel (Diprolene) to treat itching and other skin conditions such as eczema. Minor side effects include dry skin and mild, temporary stinging when applied. Betamethasone dipropionate is a \"super high potency\" corticosteroid used to treat inflammatory skin conditions such as dermatitis, eczema and psoriasis. It is a synthetic analog of the adrenal corticosteroids. Although its exact mechanism of action is not known, it is effective when applied topically to cortico-responsive inflammatory dermatoses. It is available as a generic medication. Adverse effects Although the absorption of betamethasone dipropionate is small, when used for prolonged periods of time (periods exceeding two weeks), or across a large surface area (total use greater than 50 grams per week), it can have adverse effects. One such effect is the ability of the corticosteroid to suppress the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. This can lead to a depression in the release of adrenal hormones such as cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone, or ACTH. Symptoms of HPA axis suppression are often subtle and variable, but can often be detected using simple blood or urine tests such at ACTH stimulation test or urinary free cortisol. Those at increased risk for HPA axis suppression are those who are more likely to absorb more of the steroid through the skin. These groups include: Those who have used topical corticosteroids over a prolonged period of time Those who have used corticosteroids to cover a large surface area Those with broken skin barrier or extensive abrasions Those who have recently undergone stress (such as illness, trauma, surgery) Children under the age of 12 HPA axis suppression is preventable by supplementation with glucocorticosteroids. If HPA axis suppression occurs, it is often reversed shortly after discontinuation of treatment. Pharmacology Mechanism of action Pharmacokinetics Absorption of topical corticosteroids depends on several factors such as the vehicle, or delivery system used by the drug, the integrity of the epidermal barrier, and whether or not an occlusive bandage is used in combination with the drug. The absorption of topical betamethasone dipropionate is theoretically minuscule; however, if absorbed it follows the same pharmacokinetic profile as is typical of systemic corticosteroids. It is metabolized primarily by the liver by hydrolysis to its metabolites B17P (primary) and betamethasone and the 6β-hydroxy derivatives of those metabolites, and it is excreted primarily by the kidneys. Chemistry Betamethasone dipropionate is a white to almost white crystalline powder. Regulation Betamethasone dipropionate was patented by Merck in 1987, as an augmented cream/lotion, Diprolene in the U.S., and Disprosone in Europe. These patents expired in 2003 and 2007 respectively leading to generic production of betamethasone dipropionate. During this time other topical corticosteroids such as triamcinolone acetonide and clobetasol propionate also became available as generic creams. Merck filed for \"pediatric exclusivity\" in 2001 launching a clinical trial to prove betamethasone dipropionate's safety and efficacy for use in pediatrics. Betamethasone has also been used in the formulation of combination products such", "title": "Betamethasone dipropionate" }, { "docid": "34141047", "text": "Recent research has looked into the effects of alcohol on the amount of cortisol that is produced in the human body. Continuous consumption of alcohol over an extended period of time has been shown to raise cortisol levels in the body. Cortisol is released during periods of high stress, and can result in the temporary shut down of other physical processes, causing physical damage to the body. Cortisol Cortisol is a stress hormone secreted by the adrenal gland, which makes up part of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. It is typically released at periods of high stress designed to help the individual cope with stressful situations. Cortisol secretion results in increased heart rate and blood pressure and the temporary shut down of metabolic processes such as digestion, reproduction, growth, and immunity as a means of conserving energy for the stress response. Chronic release of cortisol over extended periods of time caused by long-term high stress can result in: Fatigue Hypertension Ulcers Hampered growth Cancer Accelerated neural degeneration during aging Impaired immune system. Alcohol and cortisol interactions High cortisol levels have largely been associated with high alcohol consumption, which is likely due to the disregulation (impaired inhibitory control) of the HPA axis. History Research on alcohol's effects on cortisol dates back to the 1950s. Many studies showed a relation between the two; however, they were limited to short-term alcohol ingestion. The first human study to assess the long-term effects of alcohol ingestion on cortisol was conducted in 1966 (Mendelson et al.). They found heightened cortisol levels in both alcoholics and non-alcoholics while actively drinking. Cortisol was overall higher in alcoholics than non-alcoholics, indicating that alcohol has long-term effects on the endocrine system. Also, alcoholics had the highest cortisol levels after drinking stopped, demonstrating symptoms of withdrawal (a hormonal marker of alcohol addiction). Recent findings Recent research supports this strong association between high alcohol use and heightened cortisol levels. In one study, overnight urinary cortisol levels were taken from people who regularly drank a large amount of alcohol versus a small amount of alcohol. People who drank more alcohol had higher cortisol levels and lower heart rate variability (which is controlled by the autonomic nervous system, ANS), suggesting a connection between the HPA axis and the ANS. People who drank more alcohol had higher blood pressure and difficulty sleeping, indicative of heightened cortisol levels. Recent technology has allowed researchers to measure cortisol levels in human hair (showing cumulative cortisol exposure over extended periods of time). This method of measurement has been used to compare long-term cortisol levels in alcoholics, abstinent alcoholics, and non-alcoholics. One recent study revealed that alcoholics had three to four times higher hair cortisol concentrations than abstinent alcoholics or non-alcoholics (consistent with previous research showing periods of alcohol consumption are associated with heightened cortisol levels). Abstinent alcoholics and non-alcoholics had the same low levels of cortisol, suggesting that cortisol levels eventually return to normal after extended cessation. References Stress (biology) Cortisol", "title": "Alcohol and cortisol" }, { "docid": "65781271", "text": "Neuropeptide W or preprotein L8 is a short human neuropeptide. Neuropeptide W acts as a ligand for two neuropeptide B/W receptors, NPBWR1 and NPBWR2, which are integrated in GPCRs family of alpha-helical transmembrane proteins. Structure There are two forms of neuropeptide W whose precursor is encoded by NPW gene. The 23-amino-acid form (neuropeptide W-23) is the one that activates the receptors whereas the C-terminally extended form (neuropeptide W-30) is less effective. These isoforms were demonstrated in different species like rat, human, chicken, mouse and pig. The name of neuropeptid W is due to the tryptophan residues located on both sides, the N- side and -C side, in its two mature forms. Location Neuropeptide W was first identified in porcine hypothalamus in 2002. In humans, it is highly confined in neurons of the substantia nigra and the spinal cord, and fewer expressed in neurons of the hippocampus, hypothalamus, amygdala, parietal cortex and cerebellum. It can also be found in some peripheral tissues such as trachea, stomach, liver, kidney prostate, uterus and ovary. It has to be said that tissue distribution information is still lacking. For the moment, Neuropeptide W location differences between studied species (rat, mouse, chicken, pig) are slight, even though quantities differ between the organs. Function Neuropeptide W in CNS Neuropeptide W in the Central Nervous System is surely implicated in feeding activity and energy metabolism, in the adrenal axis stress response, and the regulation of neuroendocrine functions like the hormone release from the pituitary gland, but it is not considered as an inhibitory or regulatory factor in it. Neuropeptide W may also be involved in autonomic regulation, pain sensation, emotions, anxiety and fear. It seems that regulation of feeding behaviour and energy metabolism is the primary function of the neuropeptide W signaling system. On the one hand, Neuropeptide W regulates the endocrine signals aimed at anterior hypophysis. This stimulates both the need for water (thirst) and the need for food (hunger). On the other hand, it plays a compensatory role in energy metabolism. Regarding the adrenal axis response to stress, it plays a relevant role as a messenger in brain networks that help the activation of HPA (hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis), which will cause the response to stress. An example of neuroendocrine functions is the regulation of the secretion of cortisol due to the activation or deactivation of neuropeptide B/W receptors. Moreover, Neuropeptide W is found in an area that is connected with preauthonomic centers in the brainstem and spinal cord. Because of this location, there is a chance that it can affect some cardiovascular function. Infusion of neuropeptide W has been shown to suppress the eating of food and body weight and increase heat production and body temperature, this verifies its works as an endogenous catabolic signaling molecule. Neuropepdide W in peripheral tissues Nevertheless, function and physiological role of peripheric neuropeptid W is not clearly known. References Neuropeptides G proteins Genes on human chromosome 17", "title": "Neuropeptide W" }, { "docid": "44442017", "text": "Sleep and weight is the association between the amount of sleep an individual obtains and the weight of that individual. Numerous studies have demonstrated an association between sleep disturbances and weight gain, and more specifically, that sleep deprivation is related to overweight. Furthermore, body weight also influences the quality of sleep and the occurrence of sleep disorders like obstructive sleep apnea. Oversleeping may also contribute to weight gain. Additionally, there is a decrease in sleep duration and quality among most populations due to modern lifestyles which include an increased time spent looking at artificial lights from screens. The availability of night-time use of electronic devices and communication devices are associated with shorter sleep duration and increased body weight in children. Relationship between stress, sleep and weight The biological reaction to a stressor is the activation of the HPA-axis. In a stressful environment the body will release multiple hormones including cortisol. Over a long duration high cortisol concentrations can have negative effects on the immune system, attention and memory and can increase the risk of psychological disorders, such as depression. Also, too much stress can have an impact on sleep and is a risk factor of insomnia. Stress can have an effect on sleep patterns, food intake and consequently weight gain. Stress has been found to be associated with increased emotional reward of palatable foods, which in turn can also lead to obesity. There seems to be only a one-sided relationship between cortisol levels and sleep deprivation. High cortisol levels due to high stress can lead to decreased sleep duration. However, 24-hour sleep deprivation does not seem to lead to changes in cortisol levels in healthy adults. However, it is believed that chronic sleep deprivation has a negative effect on the neuroendocrine system and seems to change the ways in which people deal with challenges. The first changes appear to be on emotional perception, but might also change the fundamental properties of the neuroendocrine stress axis in the long run. Lack of sleep related to weight gain Lack of sleep has been strongly associated with weight gain in a variety of studies across all ages, though research suggests children and adolescents are particularly vulnerable. However, the exact mechanisms in which sleep deprivation leads to weight gain are diverse. Sleep deprivation is believed to have an influence on body weight in several different aspects: Sleep deprivation influences the brain's response to high-calorie food by making it more attractive, which leads to high-energy food choices, affects the production of the hormones ghreline and Leptin. Not only sleep reduction, also disruption of the circadian clock can have a negative impact on sleep architecture and metabolism, as shown in mouse models. In adolescence late bedtimes are related to a higher risk of getting obese and great bedtime shifts between weekdays and weekend were associated with greater severity of overweight and longer screen time use. In general, sleeping less than 7 hours per night increases the risk to be obese. Another plausible explanation is that fatigue", "title": "Sleep and weight" }, { "docid": "47181909", "text": "Pulsatile secretion is a biochemical phenomenon observed in a wide variety of cell and tissue types, in which chemical products are secreted in a regular temporal pattern. The most common cellular products observed to be released in this manner are intercellular signaling molecules such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Examples of hormones that are secreted pulsatilely include insulin, thyrotropin, TRH, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and growth hormone (GH). In the nervous system, pulsatility is observed in oscillatory activity from central pattern generators. In the heart, pacemakers are able to work and secrete in a pulsatile manner. A pulsatile secretion pattern is critical to the function of many hormones in order to maintain the delicate homeostatic balance necessary for essential life processes, such as development and reproduction. Variations of the concentration in a certain frequency can be critical to hormone function, as evidenced by the case of GnRH agonists, which cause functional inhibition of the receptor for GnRH due to profound downregulation in response to constant (tonic) stimulation. Pulsatility may function to sensitize target tissues to the hormone of interest and upregulate receptors, leading to improved responses. This heightened response may have served to improve the animal's fitness in its environment and promote its evolutionary retention. Pulsatile secretion in its various forms is observed in: Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPG) related hormones Glucocorticoids Insulin Growth hormone Parathyroid hormone Neuroendocrine Pulsatility Nervous system control over hormone release is based in the hypothalamus, from which the neurons that populate the pariventricular and arcuate nuclei originate. These neurons project to the median eminence, where they secrete releasing hormones into the hypophysial portal system connecting the hypothalamus with the pituitary gland. There, they dictate endocrine function via the four Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Glandular axes. Recent studies have begun to offer evidence that many pituitary hormones which have been observed to be released episodically are preceded by pulsatile secretion of their associated releasing hormone from the hypothalamus in a similar pulsatile fashion. Novel research into the cellular mechanisms associated with pituitary hormone pulsatility, such as that observed for Leutinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), have indicated similar pulses into the hypophyseal vessels of Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH). Luteinizing Hormone & Follicle Stimulating Hormone (HPG axis) LH is released from the pituitary gland along with FSH in response to GnRH release into the hypophyseal portal system. Pulsatile GnRH release causes pulsatile LH and FSH release to occur, which modulates and maintains appropriate levels of bioavailable gonadal hormone: testosterone in males and estradiol in females subject to the requirements of a superior feedback loop. In females the levels of LH is typically 1–20 IU/L during the reproductive period and is estimated to be 1.8–8.6 IU/L in males over 18 years of age. ACTH and Glucocorticoids (HPA axis) Regular pulses of glucocorticoids, mainly cortisol in the case of humans, are released regularly from the adrenal cortex following a circadian pattern in addition to their release as a part of the stress response. Cortisol release follows a high frequency of pulses forming an ultradian rhythm,", "title": "Pulsatile secretion" }, { "docid": "9633736", "text": "An insulin tolerance test (ITT) is a medical diagnostic procedure during which insulin is injected into a patient's vein, after which blood glucose is measured at regular intervals. This procedure is performed to assess pituitary function, adrenal function, insulin sensitivity, and sometimes for other purposes. An ITT is usually ordered and interpreted by an endocrinologist. When used to assess insulin sensitivity, a standard dose of insulin is administered, and blood glucose is monitored with frequent sampling. The plasma glucose disappearance rate (KITT) indicates the degree of whole-body insulin sensitivity, and correlates well with the gold-standard glucose clamp technique. When used for assessing the integrity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA), insulin injections are continued to the point of inducing extreme hypoglycemia below 2.2 mmol/L (40 mg/dL). Patient must have symptomatic neuroglycopenia to trigger counter-regulatory cascade. Glucose levels below 2.2 mmol/L are insufficient absent symptoms. The brain must register low glucose levels. In response, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and growth hormone (GH) are released as a part of the stress mechanism. ACTH elevation causes the adrenal cortex to release cortisol. Normally, both cortisol and GH serve as counterregulatory hormones, opposing the action of insulin, i.e. acting against the hypoglycemia. ITT to the point of extreme hypoglycemia is considered to be the gold standard for assessing the integrity of the HPA. Sometimes ITT is performed to assess the adrenal function, e.g. before surgery. It is assumed that the ability to respond to insulin-induced hypoglycemia translates into appropriate cortisol rise in the stressful event of acute illness or major surgery. The extreme hypoglycemic version of the ITT is potentially very dangerous and must be undertaken with great care, because it can iatrogenically induce the equivalent of a diabetic coma. A health professional must attend it at all times. Other provocation tests which cause much less release of growth hormone include the use of glucagon, arginine and clonidine. Side effects Side effects include sweating, palpitations, loss of consciousness and rarely convulsions due to severe hypoglycemia which may cause coma. If extreme symptoms are present, glucose should be given intravenously. In subjects with no adrenal reserve an Addisonian crisis may occur. For cortisol stimulation, the ACTH stimulation test has much less risk. Contraindications Insulin tolerance test contraindications are: This test should not be performed on children outside a specialist pediatric endocrine unit. Ischemic heart disease Epilepsy Severe panhypopituitarism, hypoadrenalism Hypothyroidism impairs the GH and cortisol response. Patients should have corticosteroid replacement commenced prior to thyroxine as the latter has been reported to precipitate an Addisonian crisis with dual deficiency. If adrenal insufficiency is confirmed, the need for a repeat ITT may need to be reconsidered after 3 months thyroxine therapy. Interpretation The test cannot be interpreted unless hypoglycaemia (< 2.2 mmol/L (or) < 40 mg/dL) is achieved. Hypopituitarism An adequate cortisol response is defined as a rise to greater than 550 nmol/L. Patients with impaired cortisol responses (less than 550 but greater than 400 nmol/L) may only need steroid cover for major illnesses or stresses. An adequate", "title": "Insulin tolerance test" }, { "docid": "356729", "text": "Corticotropin-releasing factor family, CRF family is a family of related neuropeptides in vertebrates. This family includes corticotropin-releasing hormone (also known as CRF), urotensin-I, urocortin, and sauvagine. The family can be grouped into 2 separate paralogous lineages, with urotensin-I, urocortin and sauvagine in one group and CRH forming the other group. Urocortin and sauvagine appear to represent orthologues of fish urotensin-I in mammals and amphibians, respectively. The peptides have a variety of physiological effects on stress and anxiety, vasoregulation, thermoregulation, growth and metabolism, metamorphosis and reproduction in various species, and are all released as prohormones. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is a releasing hormone found mainly in the paraventricular nucleus of the mammalian hypothalamus that regulates the release of corticotropin (ACTH) from the pituitary gland. The paraventricular nucleus transports CRH to the anterior pituitary, stimulating adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) release via CRH type 1 receptors, thereby activating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) and, thus, glucocorticoid release. CRH is evolutionary-related to a number of other active peptides. Urocortin acts in vitro to stimulate the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone. Urotensin is found in the teleost caudal neurosecretory system and may play a role in osmoregulation and as a corticotropin-releasing factor. Urotensin-I is released from the urophysis of fish, and produces ACTH and subsequent cortisol release in vivo. The nonhormonal portion of the prohormone is thought to be the urotensin binding protein (). Sauvagine, isolated from frog skin, has a potent hypotensive and antidiuretic effect. Subfamilies Urocortin Human proteins from this family CRH; UCN; References Protein domains Hormones", "title": "Corticotropin-releasing factor family" }, { "docid": "32224047", "text": "Anxiety/aggression-driven depression (also known as 5-HT related depression) is a prospective subtype of major depressive disorder first proposed by the Dutch psychiatrist Herman M. van Praag in 1996. Van Praag has continued to write on this topic in subsequent academic articles. Onset and symptoms This proposed subtype is characterized by depression occurring as a consequence of psychic, somatic or external stressors. Praag theorizes that if the individual's stress threshold is insufficient or overly sensitive, a prolonged stress response via the HPA axis can trigger anxiety followed by significant lowering of mood, the mechanisms of which act to reenforce each other, keeping them a perpetual state of stress arousal, coupled with dysphoria; and that this occurs as a result of the stress response inhibiting the normal expression of neurotransmitters associated with wellbeing and pleasure. He proposes that those affected may experience panic attacks, depersonalization and other psychic and somatic symptoms common to both anxiety and depression disorders. According to van Praag, in anxiety/aggression-driven depression \"...dysregulation of anxiety and/or aggression are primordial and mood lowering is a derivative phenomenon.\" Treatment It is proposed that ameliorating the stress response will allow neurotransmission to return to homeostasis. Anxiolytic medications that act as 5-HT receptor agonists (in particular, 5-HT1A) together with CRH and/or cortisol antagonists (which are implicated in the stress response) are hypothesized to be an appropriate method of achieving this therapeutic response. Psychological interventions can also help to raise the threshold for stress and thereby restore the stress response to normal. References Major depressive disorder", "title": "Anxiety/aggression-driven depression" }, { "docid": "41213514", "text": "The pharmacology of antidepressants is not entirely clear. The earliest and probably most widely accepted scientific theory of antidepressant action is the monoamine hypothesis (which can be traced back to the 1950s), which states that depression is due to an imbalance (most often a deficiency) of the monoamine neurotransmitters (namely serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine). It was originally proposed based on the observation that certain hydrazine anti-tuberculosis agents produce antidepressant effects, which was later linked to their inhibitory effects on monoamine oxidase, the enzyme that catalyses the breakdown of the monoamine neurotransmitters. All currently marketed antidepressants have the monoamine hypothesis as their theoretical basis, with the possible exception of agomelatine which acts on a dual melatonergic-serotonergic pathway. Despite the success of the monoamine hypothesis it has a number of limitations: for one, all monoaminergic antidepressants have a delayed onset of action of at least a week; and secondly, there are a sizeable portion (>40%) of depressed patients that do not adequately respond to monoaminergic antidepressants. Further evidence to the contrary of the monoamine hypothesis are the recent findings that a single intravenous infusion with ketamine, an antagonist of the NMDA receptor — a type of glutamate receptor — produces rapid (within 2 hours), robust and sustained (lasting for up to a fortnight) antidepressant effects. Monoamine precursor depletion also fails to alter mood. To overcome these flaws with the monoamine hypothesis a number of alternative hypotheses have been proposed, including the glutamate, neurogenic, epigenetic, cortisol hypersecretion and inflammatory hypotheses. Another hypothesis that has been proposed which would explain the delay is the hypothesis that monoamines don't directly influence mood, but influence emotional perception biases. Neurogenic adaptations The neurogenic hypothesis states that molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the regulation of adult neurogenesis is required for remission from depression and that neurogenesis is mediated by the action of antidepressants. Chronic use of antidepressant increased neurogenesis in the hippocampus of rats. Other animal research suggests that long term drug-induced antidepressants effects modulate the expression of genes mediated by clock genes, possibly by regulating the expression of a second set of genes (i.e. clock-controlled genes). The delayed onset of clinical effects from antidepressants indicates involvement of adaptive changes in antidepressant effects. Rodent studies have consistently shown upregulation of the 3, 5-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) system induced by different types of chronic but not acute antidepressant treatment, including serotonin and norepinephrine uptake inhibitors, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, lithium and electroconvulsions. cAMP is synthesized from adenosine 5-triphosphate (ATP) by adenylyl cyclase and metabolized by cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs). Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis One manifestation of depression is an altered hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis) that resembles the neuro-endocrine (cortisol) response to stress, that of increased cortisol production and a subsequent impaired negative feedback mechanism. It is not known whether this HPA axis dysregulation is reactive or causative for depression. This briefing suggests that the mode of action of antidepressants may be in regulating HPA axis function. Monoamine hypothesis In 1965, Joseph Schildkraut postulated the Monoamine Hypothesis when he posited an", "title": "Pharmacology of antidepressants" }, { "docid": "39677685", "text": "Steroid dementia syndrome describes the signs and symptoms of hippocampal and prefrontal cortical dysfunction, such as deficits in memory, attention, and executive function, induced by glucocorticoids. Dementia-like symptoms have been found in some individuals who have been exposed to glucocorticoid medication, often dispensed in the form of asthma, arthritis, and anti-inflammatory steroid medications. The condition reverses, but not always completely, within months after steroid treatment is stopped. The term \"steroid dementia\" was coined by Varney et al. (1984) in reference to the effects of long-term glucocorticoid use in 1,500 patients. While the condition generally falls under the classification of Cushing's syndrome, the term \"steroid dementia syndrome\" is particularly useful because it recognizes both the cause of the syndrome and the specific effects of glucocorticoids on cognitive function. Further, the more precise terminology clearly distinguishes the condition from full-blown Cushing's syndrome, which is extremely broad regarding the causes (endogenous or exogenous, pituitary or adrenal) and the multitude of symptoms (ranging from skin disorders to osteoporosis), and from hypercortisolemia, which identifies neither the source nor the symptoms of excess circulatory cortisol. Signs and symptoms Cognitive symptoms from steroids appear within the first few weeks of treatment, appear to be dose dependent, and may or may not be accompanied by steroid psychosis or other Cushing's-type symptoms. The symptoms include deficits in verbal and non-verbal memory working memory attention sustained concentration executive function psychomotor speed academic or occupational performance. These symptoms have been shown to improve within months to a year after discontinuing glucocorticoid medication, but residual impairments following prolonged steroid use can remain. Pathophysiology Regions of the brain with a high density of glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) including the hippocampus, hypothalamus, and prefrontal cortex are particularly sensitive to elevated circulating levels of glucocorticoids even in the absence of stress. Scientific studies have mainly focused on the impact of glucocorticoids on the hippocampus because of its role in memory processes and on the prefrontal cortex for its role in attention and executive function. Elevated glucocorticoid activity is associated with down-regulation of GRs (known as \"glucocorticoid cascade hypothesis\"), which diminishes neuroreparative activity and attenuates neurogenesis that can result in decreased hippocampal volume with prolonged glucocorticoid exposure. Variations in individual sensitivity to glucocorticoid medications may be due to either GR hypofunction or hyperfunction. Similarly, variations in individual hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis responsiveness can modulate the type and number of side effects. Diagnosis Treatment Aside from discontinuation of glucocorticoid medication, potential treatments discussed in the research literature include: anti-glucocorticoids psychoactive drugs that up-regulate the GRII glucocorticoid receptor: tricyclic antidepressants: desipramine, imipramine, and amitriptyline (SSRIs do not) serotonin antagonists: ketanserin mood stabilizers: lithium corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) antagonists glutamate antagonists dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) small molecule brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) analogs stress reduction therapies and exercise. History Glucocorticoid medications have been known to be associated with significant side effects involving behavior and mood, regardless of previous psychiatric or cognitive condition, since the early 1950s. But cognitive side effects of steroid medications involving memory and attention are not as widely publicized and may be", "title": "Steroid dementia syndrome" }, { "docid": "17973755", "text": "Non-tropic hormones are hormones that directly stimulate target cells to induce effects. This differs from the tropic hormones, which act on another endocrine gland. Non-tropic hormones are those that act directly on targeted tissues or cells, and not on other endocrine gland to stimulate release of other hormones. Many hormones act in a chain reaction. Tropic hormones usually act in the beginning of the reaction stimulating other endocrine gland to eventually release non-tropic hormones. These are the ones that act in the end of the chain reaction on other cells that are not part of other endocrine gland. The Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is a perfect example of this chain reaction. The reaction begins in the hypothalamus with a release of corticotropin-releasing hormone/factor (CRH/F; tropic). This stimulates the anterior pituitary and causes it to release Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH; tropic) to the adrenal glands. Lastly, cortisol (non-tropic) is secreted from the adrenal glands and goes into the bloodstream where it can have more widespread effects on organs and tissues. Since cortisol is what finally reaches other tissues in the body, it is a non-tropic hormone. CRH and ACTH are tropic hormones because they act on the anterior pituitary gland and adrenal glands, respectively, both of which are endocrine glands. Non-tropic hormones are thus often the last piece of a larger process and chain of hormone secretion. Both tropic and non-tropic hormones are necessary for proper endocrine function. For example, if ACTH (Adrenocorticotropin hormone; a tropic hormone) is inhibited, cortisol can no longer be released because the chain reaction has been interrupted. Some examples of non-tropic hormones are: Glucocorticoids: secreted from the adrenal glands and released directly into the blood stream where it alters blood glucose levels. Glucocorticoids, including hormones such as cortisol and corticosterone, are highly involved in the stress response, and are often referred to as the stress hormones. In the case of chronic stress, glucocorticoids can be very damaging to memory. Vasopressin (Antidiuretic hormone; ADH): secreted from the posterior pituitary and acts on the kidneys to maintain water balance in the body. Oestrogen: secreted from the ovaries and aid in fetal development as well as development of secondary sexual characteristics in females. Testosterone: secreted from the testes, testosterone influences not only gonadal development, but aggressive behavior, sexual behavior, and masculinization of males. Oxytocin: secreted from the posterior pituitary and acts on the uterus and mammary glands to produce contractions. It is also involved in pair bonding and sexual selection and behaviors. Epinephrine and Norepinephrine: secreted from the adrenal medulla and acts on the heart, liver, and blood vessels primarily in acute stress situations. They are key components of the processes involved in the sympathetic nervous system. Since they are involved in arousal, stress, and often physical exercise some of these hormones are also called stress hormones. Most endocrine glands, such as the gonads, pancreas, and adrenal glands, produce non-tropic hormones. Those released from the pituitary gland in the brain include: See also Endocrine system Tropic hormone References Sources Biology 12 McGraw", "title": "Non-tropic hormone" }, { "docid": "54217523", "text": "Glucocorticoid deficiency is a condition where the body doesn’t produce enough glucocorticoid hormones. Signs and symptoms Symptoms of glucocorticoid deficiency (having not enough hormones that are classified as glucocorticoids, and mostly consisting of cortisol) vary depending on the underlying cause and severity—common signs and symptoms may include fatigue, weakness, weight loss, decreased appetite, low blood pressure, salt cravings, dizziness upon standing (orthostatic hypotension), muscle aches and pains, joint pain or stiffness, nausea or vomiting. In severe cases, individuals may experience abdominal pain, confusion or delirium. Complications If left untreated or inadequately treated, glucocorticoid deficiency can lead to severe complications such as adrenal crisis (a life-threatening condition characterized by extreme fatigue, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalances), low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), and recurrent infections due to impaired immune function. Causes Glucocorticoid deficiency can be caused by inherited genetic disorders that affect the production of cortisol in the adrenal glands, such as familial glucocorticoid deficiency (FGD). FGD is a group of monogenic recessive disorders caused by disease-causing variants in genes involved in cortisol biosynthesis. FGD is categorized into type 1, also called Glucocorticoid deficiency 1, where genes associated with ACTH have disease-causing variants, type 2, where ACTH receptors are normal, and there are other types: 3, 4 and 5, associated with various causes. Glucocorticoid deficiency can also be acquired after birth due to damage or dysfunction of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis), which regulates cortisol production. Common causes of acquired glucocorticoid deficiency include autoimmune conditions affecting the HPA axis (such as autoimmune adrenalitis) and infections, such as tuberculosis, that affect the adrenal glands directly. Risk factors Risk factors for developing glucocorticoid deficiency include having a family history of inherited genetic disorders affecting cortisol biosynthesis by the body; having autoimmune conditions such as Addison's disease; having infections that specifically target the adrenal glands; undergoing surgery involving removal of the pituitary gland or parts of it. Triggers Glucocorticoid deficiency can be triggered by stressors such as illness/infection/surgery/trauma, which increase demand for cortisol production from the adrenals. In individuals with already compromised HPA axis function or inadequate cortisol reserve, this increased demand for glucocorticoid hormones cannot be met, leading to acute exacerbation of glucocorticoid insufficiency/adrenal crisis. Prevention There are no specific measures known for preventing primary forms of glucocorticoid deficiency unless there is an identified genetic mutation causing it. For secondary forms, prevention includes prompt treatment, i.e., addressing underlying causes such as infection and autoimmune diseases. Treatment The treatment of glucocorticoid deficiency involves replacing the deficient cortisol through exogenous glucocorticoid therapy. This typically includes oral administration of synthetic glucocorticoids such as hydrocortisone or prednisone, which aim to mimic the normal physiological secretion of cortisol. The dosage and timing of medication may vary depending on individual needs and circumstances. Prognosis With appropriate treatment, most individuals with glucocorticoid deficiency can lead normal lives and have a good prognosis. However, it is important to closely monitor hormone levels and adjust medication accordingly to prevent complications such as adrenal crisis or over-replacement side effects. Epidemiology The exact incidence and prevalence of", "title": "Glucocorticoid deficiency" }, { "docid": "60061521", "text": "Opioid-induced endocrinopathy (OIE) is a complication of chronic opioid treatment. It is a common name for all hypothalamo-pituitary axis disorders, which can be observed mostly after long term use of opioids, both as a treatment and as a substance of abuse. The effect of opioids on hormonal levels can be measured immediately after the application of the opioid. The onset of deficit mostly comes after longer time of use of high doses, but sometimes coexisting factor like cancer disease, pain disease or other medicines may accelerate the progress. Pathophysiology Opioid-induced hypogonadism, caused by negative effect of opioids on hypothalamo-pituitary gonadal axis is most often ( 21-86% of opioid users). Hypogonadism is induced through direct inhibitory action of opioids on receptors within the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axes as well as testosterone production within the testes. Opioid-induced hypogonadism and direct negative effect of opioids to bone formatting leads to osteoporosis. The opioid effect on adrenal hormone production, somatostatin and thyroid levels is less common, but should be considered as well due to the serious impact on the patients' total health. Effect on hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis is well described both after short acting and long-acting treatment with opioids, resulting in cortisol deficit. It might lead to the problems in stress situations, immunodeficiency and Addison crisis. Opioid-induced hyperprolactemia can lead to the painful growth of breast (gynecomastia), milk production (galactorhea) and hypogonadism. Opioid-induced defect of hypothalamic–pituitary–somatotropic axis leads to growth hormone deficiency which in adults results in cognitive dysfunction, mainly affecting visuospatial memory and orientation. Symptoms Testosterone deficit at men leads to erectile problems, infertility, depression, anxiety, night sweat and hot flushes. Premenopausal women due to the low estrogen levels struggle of irregular menstruation, infertility or complete menopause. Postmenopausal women might have lower levels of dehydroxyepiandosterone, LH and FSH as well leading to fatigue and depressions. Fatigue, higher incidence of infection diseases, problems with wound healing and total exhaustion during infects or Addison crisis are symptoms of cortisol deficit. Pathological fractures in early age at opioid users must indicate bone density evaluation and osteoporosis suspicion. Disorientation in the previously well-known surrounding can be the symptom of GH deficit. Treatment If cessation or decreasing of doses of opioids is possible, endocrinopathy can be reversed. If the treatment with opioid cannot be disrupted due to the serious reasons, for example in substitution program or due to the severe pain or cancer, the hormonal substitution should be considered. It seems like opioids with partial antagonistic action, like buprenorphine, effect hormonal levels less. References Opioids", "title": "Opioid-induced endocrinopathy" }, { "docid": "30830212", "text": "Memory improvement is the act of enhancing one's memory. Research on improving memory is driven by amnesia, age-related memory loss, and people’s desire to enhance their memory. Research involved in memory improvement has also worked to determine what factors influence memory and cognition. There are many different techniques to improve memory some of which include cognitive training, psychopharmacology, diet, stress management, and exercise. Each technique can improve memory in different ways. Memory function factors Neuroplasticity Neuroplasticity is the mechanism by which the brain encodes experience, learns new behaviors, and can relearn behaviors lost due to brain damage. Experience-dependent neuroplasticity suggests that the brain changes in response to experiences. London taxicab drivers provide a great example of this dynamic. They undergo extensive training for 2–4 years, learning and memorizing street names, layout of streets within the city and the quickest cross-city routes. After studying London taxicab drivers over a period of time, it was found that the grey matter volume increased over time in the posterior hippocampus, an area in the brain involved heavily in memory. The longer taxi drivers navigated the streets of London, it was found that they had more gray matter volume in their posterior hippocampus. This suggests a correlation between mental training or exercise and the brains capacity to manage greater volume and more complex information. The increase in volume led to a decrease in the taxi drivers' ability to acquire new visuo-spatial information. Stress Research has found that chronic and acute stress have adverse effects on memory processing systems. Therefore, it is important to find mechanisms in which one can reduce the amount of stress in their lives when seeking to improve memory. Chronic stress has been shown to have negative impacts on the brain, especially in memory processing systems. The hippocampus is vulnerable to repeated stress due to adrenal steroid stress hormones. Elevated glucocorticoids, a class of adrenal steroid hormones, results in increased cortisol, a well known stress response hormone in the brain, and glucocorticoids are known to affect memory. Prolonged high cortisol levels, as seen in chronic stress, have been shown to result in reduced hippocampal volume as well as deficits in hippocampal-dependent memory, as seen in impaired declarative, episodic, spatial, and contextual memory performance. Chronic, long-term high cortisol levels affect the degree of hippocampal atrophy, resulting in as much as a 14% hippocampal volume reduction and impaired hippocampus-dependent memory when compared to elderly subjects with decreased or moderate cortisol levels. Relative to other brain regions, the hippocampus has a high concentration of glucocorticoid receptors. An example may be found in the London taxi drivers, as the anterior hippocampus was hypothesized to decrease in volume as a result of elevated cortisol levels from stress. Acute stress, a more common form of stress, results in the release of adrenal steroids resulting in impaired short-term and working memory processes such as selective attention, memory consolidation, as well as long-term potentiation. The human brain has a limited short-term memory capacity to process information, which results in constant", "title": "Memory improvement" } ]	[ { "docid": "51735357", "text": "Hertwig's rule, or the long axis rule states that a cell divides along its long axis. Introduced by the German zoologist Oscar Hertwig in 1884, the rule emphasizes the cell shape as a default mechanism of spindle apparatus orientation. Hertwig's rule predicts cell division orientation, which is important for tissue architecture, cell fate and morphogenesis. Discovery Hertwig's experiments studied the orientation of frog egg divisions. The frog egg has a round shape and the first division occurs in a random orientation. Hertwig compressed the egg between two parallel plates. The compression forced the egg to change its shape from round to elongated. Hertwig noticed that elongated egg divides not randomly, but orthogonally to its long axis. The new daughter cells were formed along the longest axis of the cell. This observation thus became known as 'Hertwig's rule' or 'long axis rule'. Confirmation and mechanism Recent studies in animal and plant systems support the 'long axis rule'. The studied systems include the mouse embryo, Drosophila epithelium, Xenopus blastomeres (Strauss 2006), MDCK cell monolayers and plants (Gibson et al., 2011). The mechanism of the 'long axis rule' relies on interphase cell long axis sensing. However, during division many animal cell types undergo cell rounding, causing the long axis to disappear as the cell becomes round. It is at this rounding stage that the decision on the orientation of the cell division is made by the spindle apparatus. The spindle apparatus rotates in the round cell and after several minutes the spindle position is stabilised preferentially along the interphase cell long axis. The cell then divides along the spindle apparatus orientation. The first insights into how cells could remember their long axis came from studies on the Drosophila epithelium. The study indicated the participation of tricellular junctions (TCJs) in determining the spindle orientation. TCJs localized at the regions where three or more cells meet. As cells round up during mitosis, TCJs serve as spatial landmarks. The orientation of TCJs remains stable, independent of the shape changes associated with cell rounding. The positions of TCJs encode information about interphase cell shape anisotropy to orient division in the rounded mitotic cell. However this study is limited to only one type of epithelia in Drosophila melanogaster and has not been shown to be true in other epithelial types. Mechanobiology It has been shown that mechanical force can cause cells to divide against their long axis and instead with the direction of mechanical stretch in MDCK monolayers. Importance Cell divisions along 'long axis' are proposed to be implicated in the morphogenesis, tissue response to stresses and tissue architecture. Division along the long cell axis reduces global tissue stress more rapidly than random divisions or divisions along the axis of mechanical stress. Long-axis division contributes to the formation of isotropic cell shapes within the monolayer. References Cell biology Cell anatomy Cell communication Cell signaling Cell cycle Cellular processes Developmental biology Morphology (biology)", "title": "Hertwig rule" }, { "docid": "76679646", "text": "Mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia (MSIMI) is a medical condition in which acute psychological stress can trigger a transient myocardial ischemia, which is a state of reduced blood flow to the heart muscle, often without the presence of significant coronary artery disease (CAD). It is distinct from conventional stress ischemia caused by physical exertion or pharmacological agents. MSIMI is often silent and detected through specific cardiac function tests during mental stress challenges. Mechanism Mental stress triggers various physiological changes in the body, activating mechanisms such as the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA), resulting in hemodynamic, neuroendocrine, and immune responses. Typically, these responses are adaptive and help individuals cope with environmental changes, referred to as the \"defense response,\" which prepares them for fight or flight. Consequently, the risk of cardiovascular (CV) events resulting from mental stress is influenced by external factors and an individual's stress threshold, which is shaped by genetic predispositions and life experiences. This variability explains why people respond differently to stressors. Mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia involves abnormal microvascular vasoreactivity and inflammation, with increased brain activity in regions that modulate autonomic nervous system reactivity to emotional stress, fear. Emotional responses and certain psychological traits may influence the occurrence of MSIMI. MSIMI can occur at lower cardiac workloads, independent of hemodynamic changes, and is not directly related to the severity of angiographic CHD. It can occur in patients with normal cardiac stress testing and can often be silent. Clinical significance MSIMI is associated with a twofold increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) compared to those without MSIMI. It is particularly prevalent among young women with myocardial infarction (MI) and those with psychological comorbidities. Studies have found that young women who have had a myocardial infarction are twice as likely to develop mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia (MSIMI) compared to men of similar age. Diagnostics Various techniques like electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiography, and positron emission tomography (PET) are used to assess MSIMI. The incidence of MSIMI has varied across studies due to different assessment methods and mental stressors. Treatment Current research focuses on understanding stress pathways in CAD and integrating mental health, behavioral medicine with routine cardiology care to improve patient outcomes. Epidemiology Approximately 30% of CAD patients experience MSIMI under mental stress, which typically is silent and not related to the severity of CAD. See also Endothelial dysfunction References Ischemic heart diseases Heart diseases", "title": "Mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia" }, { "docid": "18333977", "text": "Prenatal stress (or prenatal maternal stress) is exposure of an expectant mother to psychosocial or physical stress, which can be caused by daily life events or by environmental hardships. This psychosocial or physical stress that the expectant mother is experiencing has an effect on the fetus. According to the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD), a wide range of environmental factors a woman may experience during the perinatal period can contribute to biological impacts and changes in the fetus that then causes health risks later in the child's life. Health risks include impaired cognitive development, low birth weight, and risk of mental disorders in the offspring. Conducting Research Studies have been conducted longitudinally in order to explore the way that prenatal stress impacts the fetus and its development. These studies took place over the course of the pregnancy and months after in order to collect the data necessary. The stress of the mothers was assessed using self-questionnaires like the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-8 (PHQ8). While focusing on the stress of the mothers during the pregnancy, researchers also focused on the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis (HPA axis) which is a set of glucocorticoid feedback interactions through the mother to the placenta and then to the fetus. By focusing on the HPA axis, researchers can see how prenatal stress affects fetal development. Some research includes studies like McKenna et al. suggesting that the idea of pregnancy can cause an increased risk of psychopathology and these exposures during gestation impacts epigenetic. The mother's usage of selective serotonin repute inhibitors (SSRIs) was observed while the epigenetic age of the child was calculated through fetal umbilical cord blood. Saboory et al. found that prenatal psychosocial stress can cause delays in child growth and development through assessing the child's weight, height and head circumference every two months after they were born. They also assessed the child's cognitive development through the use of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ). Another study, Brannigan et al. focused on how prenatal stress contributes to personality disorders by looking at children decades later born from mothers who spent time in a mental health clinic in Finland. This research all found negative correlations between prenatal stress and the child's development. Pathway Stress during the development of the fetus can be inherited and change the gene expression in the fetus. This change is an epigenetic change that modifies but does not affect the building of the DNA sequence. This modification will affect whether the gene is turned off or on and will lead to Transgenerational Stress Inheritance. One of the pathways that has been studied is the inheritance of disrupted heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is important in many functions of the cell mostly in gene regulation. During high levels of stress during pregnancy dATF-2, which is required for formation of heterochromatin, will phosphorylate and disrupt the formation. This will lead to the release of dATF-2 from the heterochromatin, which then can be inherited in offspring. Another pathway that prenatal stress", "title": "Prenatal stress" }, { "docid": "44649613", "text": "Gustavo Turecki (born May 11, 1965) is a Canadian psychiatrist, suicidologist, neuroscientist who is a professor at McGill University in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. He holds a Tier 1 Canada Research Chair Tier in Major Depressive Disorder and Suicide. He is the sitting Chair of the Department of Psychiatry at McGill University, the Scientific Director of the Douglas Research Centre, and the Psychiatrist-in-Chief of the Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l’Ouest-de-l’Île-de-Montréal (CIUSSS ODIM). He works at the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, where he heads both the McGill Group for Suicide Studies and the Depressive Disorders Program, and is the co-director of the Douglas Bell-Canada Brain Bank. Turecki is both a clinician and a neuroscientist. He has published over 500 peer-reviewed publications and 30 book chapters examining the influence of life experiences on brain function and their relationship to depression and suicide risk. One of his major contributions is the first description of the long-term impact of childhood abuse on the brain, particularly how it affects the activity of key genes involved in the stress response. Scientific contributions Turecki's neurobiological work has focused on the processes underlying depression and suicide. In collaboration with Michael Meaney and Moshe Szyf, Turecki uncovered that early-life adversity epigenetically regulates the glucocorticoid receptor gene, a key component of response to stress. This study helped to reconcile debate about the relative influences of genes and environment on behaviour (‘nature vs. nurture’ debate), and led to Turecki's selection as the scientist of the year by Radio Canada/Canadian Broadcasting Corporation in 2009, along with Meaney and Szyf. Turecki's further research on the human brain explored the epigenetic control of genes related to stress-response systems, such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, particularly in association with childhood abuse and suicide. The results obtained in studying the epigenetic control of the HPA axis prompted Turecki to expand his interest in the epigenetic regulation of the brain, focusing on mechanisms that may explain what happens when individuals are exposed to traumatic experiences early in their lives, as well as what epigenetic processes are involved in depression and suicide. In addition, his work has focused on epigenetic mechanisms explaining response to antidepressants. Turecki leads the Depressive Disorders Program, a clinical group that treats patients affected with major depression and integrates research projects into clinical practice. Two key aspects of this work are exploring how impulsive-aggressive behaviours contribute to suicide risk, and implementing novel protocols and standards in the field. Personal life Turecki is married and has three children. He was born in La Plata, Argentina and moved to Montreal, Canada in 1994. Awards and honours Turecki is a fellow of the Canadian Academy of Health Sciences and of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology. 2005 William Dawson Scholar, McGill University 2009 Scientist of the year Award, Radio Canada/CBC 2009 Top 10 findings of the year, Québec Science 2012 Heinz Lehmann Award, CCNP 2012 Research Career Award, American Foundation for Suicide Prevention 2014 Samarthji Lal Award for Mental Health Research, Graham", "title": "Gustavo Turecki" }, { "docid": "608439", "text": "Corticotropes (or corticotrophs) are basophilic cells in the anterior pituitary that produce pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) which undergoes cleavage to adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), β-lipotropin (β-LPH), and melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH). These cells are stimulated by corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) and make up 15–20% of the cells in the anterior pituitary. The release of ACTH from the corticotropic cells is controlled by CRH, which is formed in the cell bodies of parvocellular neurosecretory cells within the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and passes to the corticotropes in the anterior pituitary via the hypophyseal portal system. Adrenocorticotropin hormone stimulates the adrenal cortex to release glucocorticoids and plays an important role in the stress response. Function The primary function of the corticotropic cells is to produce the prohormone POMC in response to the release of CRH from the hypothalamus. POMC is cleaved into several peptide hormones via enzyme activity. In addition to synthesis in the corticotropes, POMC is also synthesized in melanotroph cells, the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, and melanocytes. POMC undergoes differential cleavage into various peptide hormones depending on the cell it is synthesized in; it also varies based on species. POMC in the corticotropes of humans is proteolytically cleaved by proprotein convertases into ACTH and β-lipotropin. In rats, however, the ACTH is further cleaved into α-MSH and CLIP in the corticotrope. These peptide hormones are stored within vesicles in the corticotropic cells and are released in response to CRH stimulation from the hypothalamus. These vesicles then leave the anterior pituitary and travel throughout the body via the bloodstream to reach their target tissues. Role in the Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal Axis Stimulation Corticotropic cells serve an important role within the feedback loop of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and the stress response. Corticotropes produce and release ACTH, a 39 amino acid peptide hormone, in response to corticotropic releasing hormone (CRH) release from the hypothalamus. CRH is a 41-amino-acid peptide hormone that is secreted by the parvocellular neurosecretory cells, which are found within the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Stimuli for the release of CRH from the hypothalamus include: Forskolin Interleukin-6 Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) Stress or trauma Circadian rhythms Forskolin and PACAP regulate the synthesis of CRH in the hypothalamus by binding to G protein-coupled receptors and stimulating and increase in cAMP within the cells via the action of adenylate cyclase. This activates the protein kinase A pathway, which results in the binding of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) onto the CRH promoter region and induces transcription of CRH. This process is repressed by glucocorticoids; this inhibitory feedback helps maintain homeostasis of the stress response. Once released by the hypothalamus, CRH travels through the hypophyseal portal system to the anterior pituitary, where it binds to G protein-coupled receptors on the corticotropic cell membrane and stimulates cAMP production. The effects of CRH on pituitary corticotropes are potentiated by vasopressin (AVP); AVP is a weak inducer of ACTH production on its own, but has a strong synergistic effect on ACTH production when CRH is also bound to the", "title": "Corticotropic cell" }, { "docid": "55261687", "text": "Behavioural responses to stress are evoked from underlying complex physiological changes that arise consequently from stress. Real or perceived threat in the environment elicits stress response in animals, which disrupts internal homeostasis. Physiological changes cause behavioural responses in animals, including: impairment of response inhibition and lack of motivation, as well as changes in social, sexual, aggression and nurture behaviour in animals. The extent of the impact is dependent upon the type and duration of the stress, as well as the animal's past experiences. Behavioural responses to prolonged stress can also be transferred across generations. Overview A stress, as defined to Walter Cannon (1871–1945), is any disturbance that imbalances the internal environment of an organism (i.e. their homeostasis). There are two major types of stressors that cause stress to animals: abiotic stressors and biotic stressors. Abiotic stressors are any ecological, geological, or climate changes that causes stress to the animal, such as increased temperatures and natural disasters. Biotic stressors are living things related complications that causes stress, such as dominance, pollution, infection, social pressures, and competition. Animals can respond with physiological responses, behavioural responses, psychological responses, or physical responses (fight-or-flight). Canon argued that there are two possible choices that an organism may choose when stress is encountered: fight responses or flight responses. Behavioural responses Behavioural responses to stress are evoked from some underlying complex physiological changes that arise consequently from stress. Impairment of response inhibition and lack of motivation According to a study conducted by Mika and his colleagues, prolonged stress in rats causes response inhibition. It was evident through their experiment that stressed rats had inhibited premature responses (decreased timing of intervals to food), along with decreased intrinsic motivation to initiate a response. They link the decreased motivation to the stress-associated reduction in incentive motivation, as presented by another study conducted by Kleen and his colleagues. Decreased motivation was also seen in a study conducted by Beery and Kaufer, where they explained that stressed rodents are less likely to be motivated to interact with one another. Change in social behaviours Beery and Kaufer noted that social withdrawal and general reduction in social interaction after an exposure to a stressor are evident in rodents. They argue that this is due to the underlying physiological changes that the rodent goes through in response to stress. For instance, the changes that occur to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) hormonal axis is directly related to the changes in social behaviour. Social avoidance is another consequence of stress that can be seen in rodents. Rodents are more likely to avoid dominant rats and avoid social interactions amongst each other after the exposure to a stressor. Sexual behaviours Sexual interests change in many species when exposed to stressors. For instance, stressed male and female rats express inhibited mating behaviour, which is evident through the clear increase in the inhibitory hormone RF-amide. Another study suggests that masculine sexual behaviour in male rats is subject to changes in accordance to the type of stressors that the rats were subjected to.", "title": "Behavioural responses to stress" }, { "docid": "41080840", "text": "The gut–brain axis is the two-way biochemical signaling that takes place between the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) and the central nervous system (CNS). The \"microbiota–gut–brain axis\" includes the role of gut microbiota in the biochemical signaling events that take place between the GI tract and the CNS. Broadly defined, the gut–brain axis includes the central nervous system, neuroendocrine system, neuroimmune systems, the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA axis), sympathetic and parasympathetic arms of the autonomic nervous system, the enteric nervous system, vagus nerve, and the gut microbiota. Chemicals released in the gut by the microbiome can vastly influence the development of the brain, starting from birth. A review from 2015 states that the microbiome influences the central nervous system by \"regulating brain chemistry and influencing neuro-endocrine systems associated with stress response, anxiety and memory function\". The gut, sometimes referred to as the \"second brain\", may use the same type of neural network as the central nervous system, suggesting why it could have a role in brain function and mental health. The bidirectional communication is done by immune, endocrine, humoral and neural connections between the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system. More research suggests that the gut microorganisms influence the function of the brain by releasing the following chemicals: cytokines, neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, chemokines, endocrine messengers and microbial metabolites such as \"short-chain fatty acids, branched chain amino acids, and peptidoglycans\". The intestinal microbiome can then divert these products to the brain via the blood, neuropod cells, nerves, endocrine cells and more to be determined. The products then arrive in the brain, putatively impacting different metabolic processes. Studies have confirmed communication between the hippocampus, the prefrontal cortex and the amygdala (responsible for emotions and motivation), which acts as a key node in the gut-brain behavioral axis. While Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the only disease confirmed to be directly influenced by the gut microbiome, many disorders (such as anxiety, autism, depression and schizophrenia) have been linked to the gut-brain axis as well. The impact of the axis, and the various ways in which one can influence it, remains a promising research field which could result in future treatments for psychiatric, age-related, neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders. For example, according to a study from 2017, \"probiotics have the ability to restore normal microbial balance, and therefore have a potential role in the treatment and prevention of anxiety and depression\". The first of the brain–gut interactions shown, was the cephalic phase of digestion, in the release of gastric and pancreatic secretions in response to sensory signals, such as the smell and sight of food. This was first demonstrated by Pavlov through Nobel prize winning research in 1904. As of October 2016, most of the work done on the role of gut microbiota in the gut–brain axis had been conducted in animals, or on characterizing the various neuroactive compounds that gut microbiota can produce. Studies with humans – measuring variations in gut microbiota between people with various psychiatric and neurological conditions or when stressed, or measuring effects of", "title": "Gut–brain axis" }, { "docid": "43221236", "text": "Buprenorphine/samidorphan (developmental code name ALKS-5461) is a combination formulation of buprenorphine and samidorphan which is under development as an add on to antidepressants in treatment-resistant depression (TRD). ALKS-5461 failed to meet its primary efficacy endpoints in two trials from 2016. On the basis of a third study that did meet its primary endpoints, Alkermes initiated a rolling New Drug Application with the FDA. In November 2018, an FDA panel voted against recommending approval, finding that evidence was insufficient. As such, approval of the medication was rejected in 2019. It is a κ-opioid receptor (KOR) antagonist and is being developed by Alkermes. Pharmacology Pharmacodynamics ALKS-5461 is a (1:1 ratio) combination of: (1) buprenorphine, a weak partial agonist of the μ-opioid receptor (MOR), antagonist/very weak partial agonist of the κ-opioid receptor (KOR), and, to a lesser extent, antagonist of the δ-opioid receptor (DOR) and weak partial agonist of the nociceptin receptor (NOP); and (2) samidorphan, a preferential antagonist of the MOR (but also, to a slightly lesser extent, weak partial agonist of the KOR and DOR). The combination of these two drugs putatively results in what is functionally a blockade of KORs with negligible activation of MORs. κ-Opioid receptor antagonism It has been known since the 1980s that buprenorphine binds to at high affinity and antagonizes the KOR. Through activation of the KOR, dynorphins, opioid peptides that are the endogenous ligands of the KOR and that can, in many regards, be figuratively thought of as functional inverses of the morphine-like, euphoric and stress-inhibiting endorphins, induce dysphoria and stress-like responses in both animals and humans, as well as psychotomimetic effects in humans, and are thought to be essential for the mediation of the dysphoric aspects of stress. In addition, dynorphins are believed to be critically involved in producing the changes in neuroplasticity evoked by chronic stress that lead to the development of depressive and anxiety disorders, increased drug-seeking behavior, and dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. In support of this, in knockout mice lacking the genes encoding the KOR and/or prodynorphin (the endogenous precursor of the dynorphins), many of the usual effects of exposure to chronic stress are completely absent, such as increased immobility in the forced swimming test (a widely employed assay of depressive-like behavior) and increased conditioned place preference for cocaine (a measure of the rewarding properties and addictive susceptibility to cocaine). Accordingly, KOR antagonists show robust efficacy in animal models of depression, anxiety, anhedonia, drug addiction, and other stress-related behavioral and physiological abnormalities. A mouse study found that knockout of the MOR or DOR or selective pharmacological ablation of the NOP did not affect the antidepressant-like effects of buprenorphine, whereas knockout of the KOR abolished the antidepressant-like effects of the drug, supporting the notion that the antidepressant-like effects of buprenorphine are indeed mediated by modulation of the KOR by the drug (and not of the MOR, DOR, or NOP). However, a subsequent study found that the MOR may play an important role in the antidepressant-like effects of buprenorphine in animals.", "title": "Buprenorphine/samidorphan" }, { "docid": "25899022", "text": "Accelerated life testing is the process of testing a product by subjecting it to conditions (stress, strain, temperatures, voltage, vibration rate, pressure etc.) in excess of its normal service parameters in an effort to uncover faults and potential modes of failure in a short amount of time. By analyzing the product's response to such tests, engineers can make predictions about the service life and maintenance intervals of a product. In polymers, testing may be done at elevated temperatures to produce a result in a shorter amount of time than it could be produced at ambient temperatures. Many mechanical properties of polymers have an Arrhenius type relationship with respect to time and temperature (for example, creep, stress relaxation, and tensile properties). If one conducts short tests at elevated temperatures, that data can be used to extrapolate the behavior of the polymer at room temperature, avoiding the need to do lengthy, and hence expensive tests. Purpose ALT is primarily used to speed up tests. This is particularly useful in several cases: Low failure - Testing even a very large sample at normal conditions would yield few or no failures in a reasonable time. High longevity - The product must be reliable for a much longer time than can be reasonably tested at normal conditions. High wear-out - The primary cause of failure occurs over an extended amount of time. For instance, a reliability test on circuits that must last years at use conditions (high longevity) would need to yield results in a much shorter time. If the test wanted to estimate how frequently the circuits needed to be replaced, then the category of low failure would also be applicable. Furthermore, if the circuits wore out from gradual use rather than extreme use (such as a large sudden shock), the wear out category would be involved. If a sudden shock was the primary cause of failure, a Highly Accelerated Life Test may be more appropriate. Setting up a test Designing a test involves considering what factors affect the test object, what you already know about the test object's behavior, and what you want to learn from the test. Test Conditions All factors thought to influence the test object should be involved and tests should be conducted at various levels of each factor. Higher stress levels will speed up the test more however the cause of failure or other response measured must not be changed. For instance, melting components in a circuit would alter why the circuit failed. Increasing the number of tests or the number of test objects in each test generally increases how precisely one can infer the test object's behavior at operating conditions. Picking a Model A model is an equation that accurately relates a test object's performance to the levels of stress on it. This can be referred to as an acceleration model, with any constants called acceleration factors. The acceleration model is usually related to the types of materials or components tested. A few equations used for acceleration models", "title": "Accelerated life testing" }, { "docid": "16811761", "text": "The impact of alcohol on aging is multifaceted. Evidence shows that alcoholism or chronic alcohol consumption can cause both accelerated (or premature) aging – in which symptoms of aging appear earlier than normal – and exaggerated aging, in which the symptoms appear at the appropriate time but in a more exaggerated form. The effects of alcohol use disorder on the aging process include hypertension, cardiac dysrhythmia, cancers, gastrointestinal disorders, neurocognitive deficits, bone loss, and emotional disturbances especially depression. On the other hand, research also shows that drinking moderate amounts of alcohol may protect healthy adults from developing coronary heart disease. The American Heart Association cautions people not to start drinking, if you are not already drinking. Brain Alcohol is a potent neurotoxin. The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism has found, \"Alcoholism may accelerate normal aging or cause premature aging of the brain.\" Another report by the same agency found, \"Chronic alcohol consumption, as well as chronic glucocorticoid exposure, can result in premature and/or exaggerated aging.\" Specifically, alcohol activates the HPA axis, causing glucocorticoid secretion and thus elevating levels of stress hormones in the body. Chronic exposure to these hormones results in an acceleration of the aging process, which is associated with \"gradual, but often dramatic, changes over time in almost every physiological system in the human body. Combined, these changes result in decreased efficiency and resiliency of physiological function.\" Chronic stress and chronic heavy alcohol use cause a similar premature aging effect, including nerve cell degeneration in the hippocampus. Heart According to the National Institutes of Health, researchers now understand that drinking moderate amounts of alcohol can protect the hearts of some people from the risks of coronary artery disease. But, it's not possible to predict in which people alcoholism will become a problem. Given these and other risks, the American Heart Association cautions people not to start drinking. Life expectancy A study published in August 2010 in the journal, “Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research,” followed 1,824 participants between the ages of 55 and 65 and found that even after adjusting for all suspected covariates, abstainers and heavy drinkers continued to show increased mortality risks of 51 and 45%, respectively, compared to moderate drinkers. A follow-up study lists several cautions in interpreting the findings. For example, the results do not address nor endorse initiation of drinking among nondrinkers, and persons who have medical conditions which would be worsened by alcohol consumption should not drink alcohol. Additional research suggests that the reasons for alcohol abstinence may be a determining factor in the outcomes for abstainers: those who do not drink because of existing medical conditions or because of previous substance use disorder issues have the highest rates of early death among the abstainers. Other groups of abstainers, such as those who do not drink because of family upbringing or moral/religious reasons, have mortality risks that are as low as those who drink in moderation. Demographics Excessive alcohol consumption, especially of distilled alcohol, is responsible for higher mortality rates and", "title": "Impact of alcohol on aging" }, { "docid": "57388876", "text": "Epigenetics of anxiety and stress–related disorders is the field studying the relationship between epigenetic modifications of genes and anxiety and stress-related disorders, including mental health disorders such as generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), post-traumatic stress disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and more. These changes can lead to transgenerational stress inheritance. Epigenetic modifications play a role in the development and heritability of these disorders and related symptoms. For example, regulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis by glucocorticoids plays a major role in stress response and is known to be epigenetically regulated. As of 2015 most work has been done in animal models in laboratories, and little work has been done in humans; the work is not yet applicable to clinical psychiatry. Stress-induced epigenetic changes, particularly to genes that effect the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, persist into future generations, negatively impacting the capacity of offspring to adapt to stress. Early life experiences, even when generations removed, can cause permanent epigenetic modifications of DNA resulting in changes in gene expression, endocrine function and metabolism. These heritable epigenetic modifications include DNA methylation of the promoter regions of genes that affect sensitivity to stress. Mechanism Epigenetic modification in response to stress results in molecular and genetic alterations that in turn results in mis-regulated or silenced genes. Heterochromatin is the protein that controls the silencing of these genes epigenetically. For example, epigenetic modifications to the gene BDNF (brain derived neurotrophic factor), as well as Drosophila ATF-2 (dATF-2), as a result of stress can be passed on to offspring. Chronic variable stress induces offspring hypothalamic gene expression modifications, including elevated methylation levels of the BDNF promoter in the hippocampus. This methylation will also occur in the heterochromatin, causing a disrupted heterochromatin to be passed on to the child. Maternal separation and postnatal maternal abuse also increases DNA methylation at regulatory regions of BDNF genes in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, leading to potential stress vulnerability in future generations. Stress can also result in inheritable changes DNA methylation in the promoter regions of the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). These changes lead to altered expression of these genes in offspring that in turn leads to decreased stress tolerance. Stress and the HPA axis Gene regulation as it relates to the HPA axis has been implicated in transgenerational stress effects. Environmental prenatal stress exposure, for example, alters glucocorticoid receptor gene expression, gene function, and future stress response in F1 and F2 generations. Maternal care likewise contributes to HPA-related epigenetic modifications. Epigenetic re-programming of gene expression alters stress response in offspring later in life when exposed to decreased maternal care. Inattentive mothering has led to increased levels of gene methyl marks, compared to attentive mothers. Female offspring with low licking-grooming mothers have decreased promoter methylation and increased histone acetylation, leading to increased glucocorticoid receptor expression. Epigenetic modifications as a result of absent maternal care lead to decreased estrogen receptor alpha expression, due to increased methylation at the gene's promoter. Epigenetic writers, erasers, and readers Epigenetic changes are performed", "title": "Epigenetics of anxiety and stress–related disorders" }, { "docid": "9261337", "text": "George F. Koob (born 1947) is a Professor and former Chair of the Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders at the Scripps Research Institute and Adjunct Professor of Psychology, Psychiatry, and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences at the University of California, San Diego. In 2014 he became the director of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Biography Koob holds a B.S. in zoology from Pennsylvania State University (1969) and a Ph.D. in Behavioral Physiology from the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (1972). Subsequently he was a post-doctoral fellow at the University of Cambridge. An authority on addiction and stress, Koob has published over 750 scientific papers and has received continuous funding for his research from the National Institutes of Health, including the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) and the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). He was, until 2014, the Director of the NIAAA Alcohol Research Center at the Scripps Research Institute, Consortium Coordinator for NIAAA's multi-center Integrative Neuroscience Initiative on Alcoholism, and Co-Director of the Pearson Center for Alcoholism and Addiction Research. He has trained 10 predoctoral and 64 postdoctoral fellows. Koob is the former Editor-in-Chief for the journal Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior and for the Journal of Addiction Medicine. He won the Daniel Efron Award for excellence in research from the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, was honored as a highly cited researcher from the Institute for Scientific Information, was presented with the Distinguished Investigator Award from the Research Society on Alcoholism, and won the Mark Keller Award from NIAAA. He published a landmark book in 2006 with his colleague Michel Le Moal entitled: Neurobiology of Addiction (Academic Press-Elsevier, Amsterdam). His research interests continue to be directed at the neurobiology of emotion, with a focus on the theoretical constructs of reward and stress with a specific interest in understanding the neuroanatomical connections comprising the emotional systems and neurochemistry of emotional function. During the past 3 years, his work has been focused on the role of the extended amygdala (medial shell portion of the nucleus accumbens, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and central nucleus of the amygdala) in behavioral responses to stress, the neuroadaptations associated with drug dependence, and compulsive drug self-administration. Koob's work on the neurobiology of stress has included the characterization of behavioral functions in the central nervous system for catecholamines, opioid peptides, and corticotropin-releasing factor. Corticotropin-releasing factor, in addition to its classical hormonal functions in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, is also located in extrahypothalamic brain structures and may play an important role in brain emotional function. Recent use of specific corticotropin-releasing factor receptor antagonists suggests that endogenous brain corticotropin-releasing factor may be involved in specific behavioral responses to stress, the psychopathology of anxiety and affective disorders, and drug addiction. He has also characterized functional roles for other stress-related neurotransmitters/neuroregulators, such as norepinephrine, vasopressin, hypocretin (orexin), neuropeptide Y, and neuroactive steroids. In the domain of drug addiction, Koob's past work contributed significantly to our understanding of the neurocircuitry", "title": "George Koob" }, { "docid": "44004878", "text": "The Inglehart–Welzel cultural map of the world is a scatter plot created by political scientists Ronald Inglehart and Christian Welzel based on the World Values Survey and European Values Survey. It depicts closely linked cultural values that vary between societies in two predominant dimensions: traditional versus secular-rational values on the vertical y-axis and survival versus self-expression values on the horizontal x-axis. Moving upward on this map reflects the shift from traditional values to secular-rational ones and moving rightward reflects the shift from survival values to self-expression values. According to the authors: \"These two dimensions explain more than 70 percent of the cross-national variance in a factor analysis of ten indicators—and each of these dimensions is strongly correlated with scores of other important orientations.\" The values are connected to the economic development of a country, most strongly with what fraction of sector of a given country's economy is in manufacturing or services, though, the authors stress that socio-economic status is not the sole factor determining a country's location, as their religious and cultural historical heritage is also an important factor. Values Analysis of the World Values Survey data by Inglehart and Welzel asserts that there are two major dimensions of cross-cultural variation in the world: x-axis: Survival values versus self-expression values y-axis: Traditional values versus secular–rational values. The map is a chart in which countries are positioned based on their scores for the two values mapped on the x-axis (survival values versus self-expression values) and the y-axis (traditional values versus secular-rational values). The map shows where societies are located in these two dimensions. Clusters of countries reflect their shared values and not geographical closeness. Traditional values emphasize the importance of religion, parent-child ties, deference to authority, absolute standards and traditional family values. People who embrace these values also reject divorce, abortion, euthanasia and suicide. Societies that embrace these values have high levels of national pride and a nationalistic outlook. Secular-rational values have the opposite preferences to the traditional values. Societies that embrace these values place less emphasis on religion, traditional family values and authority. Divorce, abortion, euthanasia and suicide are seen as relatively acceptable. The shift from traditional to secular-rational values has been described by Engelbrekt and Nygren as \"essentially the replacement of religion and superstition with science and bureaucracy as the basis of behaviour and authority relations in a society\". Survival values place emphasis on economic and physical security. They are linked with a relatively ethnocentric outlook and low levels of trust and tolerance. Self-expression values give high priority to subjective well-being, self-expression and quality of life. Some values more common in societies that embrace these values include environmental protection, growing tolerance of foreigners, gays and lesbians and gender equality, rising demands for participation in decision-making in economic and political life (autonomy and freedom from central authority), interpersonal trust, political moderation, and a shift in child-rearing values from emphasis on hard work toward imagination and tolerance. The shift from survival to self-expression also represents the transition from industrial society to", "title": "Inglehart–Welzel cultural map of the world" }, { "docid": "9542388", "text": "The hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis (HPT axis for short, a.k.a. thyroid homeostasis or thyrotropic feedback control) is part of the neuroendocrine system responsible for the regulation of metabolism and also responds to stress. As its name suggests, it depends upon the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the thyroid gland. The hypothalamus senses low circulating levels of thyroid hormone (Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4)) and responds by releasing thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). The TRH stimulates the anterior pituitary to produce thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). The TSH, in turn, stimulates the thyroid to produce thyroid hormone until levels in the blood return to normal. Thyroid hormone exerts negative feedback control over the hypothalamus as well as anterior pituitary, thus controlling the release of both TRH from hypothalamus and TSH from anterior pituitary gland. The HPA, HPG, and HPT axes are three pathways in which the hypothalamus and pituitary direct neuroendocrine function. Physiology Thyroid homeostasis results from a multi-loop feedback system that is found in virtually all higher vertebrates. Proper function of thyrotropic feedback control is indispensable for growth, differentiation, reproduction and intelligence. Very few animals (e.g. axolotls and sloths) have impaired thyroid homeostasis that exhibits a very low set-point that is assumed to underlie the metabolic and ontogenetic anomalies of these animals. The pituitary gland secretes thyrotropin (TSH; Thyroid Stimulating Hormone) that stimulates the thyroid to secrete thyroxine (T4) and, to a lesser degree, triiodothyronine (T3). The major portion of T3, however, is produced in peripheral organs, e.g. liver, adipose tissue, glia and skeletal muscle by deiodination from circulating T4. Deiodination is controlled by numerous hormones and nerval signals including TSH, vasopressin and catecholamines. Both peripheral thyroid hormones (iodothyronines) inhibit thyrotropin secretion from the pituitary (negative feedback). Consequently, equilibrium concentrations for all hormones are attained. TSH secretion is also controlled by thyrotropin releasing hormone (thyroliberin, TRH), whose secretion itself is again suppressed by plasma T4 and T3 in CSF (long feedback, Fekete–Lechan loop). Additional feedback loops are ultrashort feedback control of TSH secretion (Brokken-Wiersinga-Prummel loop) and linear feedback loops controlling plasma protein binding. Recent research suggested the existence of an additional feedforward motif linking TSH release to deiodinase activity in humans. The existence of this TSH-T3 shunt could explain why deiodinase activity is higher in hypothyroid patients and why a minor fraction of affected individuals may benefit from substitution therapy with T3. Convergence of multiple afferent signals in the control of TSH release including but not limited to T3, cytokines and TSH receptor antibodies may be the reason for the observation that the relation between free T4 concentration and TSH levels deviates from a pure loglinear relation that has previously been proposed. Recent research suggests that ghrelin also plays a role in the stimulation of T4 production and the subsequent suppression of TSH directly and by negative feedback. Functional states of thyrotropic feedback control Euthyroidism: Normal thyroid function Hypothyroidism: Reduced thyroid function primary hypothyroidism: Feedback loop interrupted by low thyroid secretory capacity, e.g. after thyroid surgery or in case of autoimmune thyroiditis secondary hypothyroidism: Feedback loop", "title": "Hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis" }, { "docid": "76733139", "text": "The storm Lothar, named by European meteorologists, is a winter synoptic storm with an explosive character that hit Western Europe, the first of two storms at the end of December 1999 in Europe. Its average winds reached up to 115 km/h inland (Orly), but with gusts exceeding 150 km/h, almost equivalent to a Category 2 hurricane, devastated northern France, Switzerland, and Germany on December 26, 1999. It caused significant damage, especially to forests, with gusts reaching 180 km/h in the plains at Saint-Sylvain and up to 259 km/h (on Mount Wendelstein in the Bavarian Prealps) and 272 km/h (on Mount Hohentwiel north of Lake Constance in Baden-Württemberg) at altitude according to sources. Lothar moved at 100 km/h along a Brittany (around 4 a.m.) - Lorraine (around 9 a.m.) - Alsace (11 a.m.) axis with a front measuring 150 km wide. This explosive system was not a hurricane (tropical cyclone), although some call it by that name, but an exceptionally intense explosive mid-latitude cyclone for Europe. It was followed the next day by a second storm named Martin, which severely affected southern France, Spain, and northern Italy. Meteorological Situation From December 26 to 28, 1999, the extra-tropical cyclones Lothar and Martin affected Western Europe. From December 20, 1999, the Iceland depression strengthened and created a strong temperature contrast along a polar front across the Atlantic. Meanwhile, a high-pressure system covered Central and Eastern Europe. On December 24, 1999, the high-pressure system shifted eastward, allowing the frontal zone to move into Europe. Along this front, a first depression, named Kurt, affected Western Europe. Late on December 24, a wave in the circulation developed in the lower troposphere south of Nova Scotia along the same frontal zone. It quickly moved eastward while strengthening, aided by a favorable environment where a sustained supply of polar cold air and warm, humid subtropical air met. On December 25, the wave became a depression with a central pressure of 995 hPa. According to European tradition, the Meteorological Institute of the Free University of Berlin gave a name to the winter depressions, and in this case, it was \"Lothar\". Lothar moved rapidly, pushed by a strong jet stream on the morning of December 26, at a speed close to 130 km/h. It reached a central pressure of 985 hPa about 300 km south of Ireland. As it approached the northwest coast of France, the storm slowed to 97 km/h before beginning a rapid intensification phase. The central pressure dropped by 32 hPa in 8 hours, falling to 960 hPa during the storm's passage over Paris, which corresponds to the definition of a meteorological bomb. Its deepening intensified on land due to strong interaction with the high-altitude jet stream, which was close to 400 km/h at 9,000 m altitude. Lothar was extremely intense and only 300 km in diameter, much smaller than the typical diameter for a mid-latitude depression. Its rapid intensification generated an internal pressure gradient comparable to what is observed in Category 2 hurricanes. Exceptionally strong winds", "title": "Storm Lothar" }, { "docid": "30846934", "text": "Melancholic depression, or depression with melancholic features, is a DSM-IV and DSM-5 specifier of depressive disorders. The specifier is used to distinguish clinically relevant subsets of causes and symptoms that have the potential to influence treatment. Classification Depression with melancholic features is classified under the fourth and fifth versions Diagnostic and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV and DSM-5) as a specifier of depressive disorders. A specifier essentially is a subcategory of a disease, explaining specific features or symptoms that are added to the main diagnosis. According to the DSM-IV, the \"melancholic features\" specifier may be applied to the following only: Major depressive episode, single episode Major depressive episode, recurrent episode Bipolar I disorder, most recent episode depressed Bipolar II disorder, most recent episode depressed It is important to note, however, that people who suffer from melancholic depression do not need to have melancholic features in every depressive episode. Signs and symptoms Melancholic depression requires at least one of the following symptoms during the last depressive episode: Anhedonia (the inability to find pleasure in positive things) Lack of mood reactivity (i.e. mood does not improve in response to positive/desired events; failure to feel better) And at least three of the following: Depressed mood that is subjectively different from grief or loss (marked by despair, gloominess, and \"empty-mood\") Severe weight loss or loss of appetite Psychomotor agitation or retardation (i.e. increased or decreased movement, speech, and cognitive function) Early morning awakening (i.e. waking up at least 2 hours before the normal wake up time of the patient) Guilt that is excessive Worse depressed mood in the morning Melancholic features apply to an episode of depression that occurs as part of either major depressive disorder, persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia), or bipolar disorder I or II. They are more likely to occur in patients who suffer from depression with psychotic features. People with melancholic depression also tend to have more physically visible symptoms such as slower movement or speech. Causes The causes of melancholic depressive disorder are believed to be mostly biological factors that can be hereditary. Biological origins of the condition include problems with the HPA axis and sleep structure of patients. MRI studies have indicated that melancholic depressed patients have issues with the connections between different regions of the brain, specifically the insula and fronto-parietal cortex. Some studies have found that there are biological marker differences between patients with melancholic depression and other subtypes of depression. Sometimes stressful situations can trigger episodes of melancholic depression, though this is a contributing cause rather than a necessary or sufficient cause. Moreover, people with psychotic symptoms are also thought to be more susceptible to this disorder. Physicians often do not notice the symptoms in patients of old age because they perceive the symptoms to be a part of dementia. Major depressive disorder, melancholic or otherwise, is a separate condition that can be comorbid, or occurring at the same time as dementia in the elderly. The research regarding melancholic depression consistently finds that men are", "title": "Melancholic depression" }, { "docid": "51758582", "text": "Cell division orientation is the direction along which the new daughter cells are formed. Cell division orientation is important for morphogenesis, cell fate and tissue homeostasis. Abnormalities in the cell division orientation leads to the malformations during development and cancerous tissues. Factors that influence cell division orientation are cell shape, anisotropic localization of specific proteins and mechanical tensions. Implication for morphogenesis Cell division orientation is one of the mechanisms that shapes tissue during development and morphogenesis. Along with cell shape changes, cell rearrangements, apoptosis and growth, oriented cell division modifies the geometry and topology of live tissue in order to create new organs and shape the organisms. Reproducible patterns of oriented cell divisions were described during morphogenesis of Drosophila embryos, Arabidopsis thaliana embryos, Drosophila pupa, zebrafish embryos and mouse early embryos. Oriented cell divisions contribute to the tissue elongation and the release of mechanical stress. While in the first case oriented cell division acts as active contributor to the morphogenesis, the latter case is a passive response to the external mechanical tensions. Implication for tissue homeostasis In several tissues, such as columnar epithelium, the cells divide along the plane of the epithelium. Such divisions insert new formed cells in the epithelium layer. The disregulation of the orientation of cell divisions result in the creation of the cell out of epithelium and is observed at the initial stages of cancer. Regulation More than a century ago Oskar Hertwig proposed that the cell division orientation is determined by the shape of the cell (1884), known as Hertwig rule. In the epithelium the cells 'reads' its shape through the specific cell junction called tricellular junctions (TCJ). TCJ provide mechanical and geometrical clues for the spindle apparatus to ensure that cell divide along its long axis. Several factors could regulate cell shape and therefore orientation of cell division. Among these factors is the anisotropic mechanical stress. This stress could be the result of the external mechanical deformation of generated intracellularly by non-isotropic localization of specific proteins. References Cell biology Cell anatomy Cell cycle Cellular processes Developmental biology Morphology (biology)", "title": "Cell division orientation" }, { "docid": "3838003", "text": "Seismic anisotropy is the directional dependence of the velocity of seismic waves in a medium (rock) within the Earth. Description A material is said to be anisotropic if the value of one or more of its properties varies with direction. Anisotropy differs from the property called heterogeneity in that anisotropy is the variation in values with direction at a point while heterogeneity is the variation in values between two or more points. Seismic anisotropy can be defined as the dependence of seismic velocity on direction or upon angle. General anisotropy is described by a 4th order elasticity tensor with 21 independent elements. However, in practice observational studies are unable to distinguish all 21 elements, and anisotropy is usually simplified. In the simplest form, there are two main types of anisotropy, both of them are called transverse isotropy (it is called transverse isotropy because there is isotropy in either the horizontal or vertical plane) or polar anisotropy. The difference between them is in their axis of symmetry, which is an axis of rotational invariance such that if we rotate the formation about the axis, the material is still indistinguishable from what it was before. The symmetry axis is usually associated with regional stress or gravity. Vertical transverse isotropy (VTI), transverse isotropy with a vertical axis of symmetry, is associated with layering and shale and is found where gravity is the dominant factor. Horizontal transverse isotropy (HTI), transverse isotropy with a horizontal axis of symmetry, is associated with cracks and fractures and is found where regional stress is the dominant factor. The transverse anisotropic matrix has the same form as the isotropic matrix, except that it has five non-zero values distributed among 12 non-zero elements. Transverse isotropy is sometimes called transverse anisotropy or anisotropy with hexagonal symmetry. In many cases the axis of symmetry will be neither horizontal nor vertical, in which case it is often called \"tilted\". History of the recognition of anisotropy Anisotropy was first recognised in the 19th century following the theory of Elastic wave propagation. George Green (1838) and Lord Kelvin (1856) took anisotropy into account in their articles on wave propagation. Anisotropy entered seismology in the late 19th century and was introduced by Maurycy Rudzki. From 1898 till his death in 1916, Rudzki attempted to advance the theory of anisotropy, he attempted to determine the wavefront of a transversely isotropic medium (TI) in 1898 and in 1912 and 1913 he wrote on surface waves in transversely isotropic half space and on Fermat's principle in anisotropic media respectively. With all these, the advancement of anisotropy was still slow and in the first 30 years (1920–1950) of exploration seismology only a few papers were written on the subject. More work was done by several scientists such as Helbig (1956) who observed while doing seismic work on Devonian schists that velocities along the foliation were about 20% higher than those across the foliation. However the appreciation of anisotropy increased with the proposition of a new model for the generation of", "title": "Seismic anisotropy" }, { "docid": "44336466", "text": "Neurocardiology is the study of the neurophysiological, neurological and neuroanatomical aspects of cardiology, including especially the neurological origins of cardiac disorders. The effects of stress on the heart are studied in terms of the heart's interactions with both the peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system. Clinical issues in neurocardiology include hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, neurogenic stress cardiomyopathy, cerebral embolism, encephalopathy, neurologic sequelae of cardiac and thoracic surgery and cardiac interventions, and cardiovascular findings in patients with primary neurological disease. Overview Neurocardiology refers to the pathophysiological interplays of the nervous and cardiovascular systems. The constant communication between the heart and the brain have proved invaluable to interdisciplinary fields of neurological and cardiac diseases. The fundamental understanding of the communication between the heart and the brain via the nervous system has led scientists into understanding its elaborate circuitry. The brain emits neurological signals of oscillating frequencies. The neural rhythms provide information on steady state conditions of healthy individuals. Variations in the neural rhythms provide evidence that a problem is present regarding physiologic regulation and help physicians determine the underlying condition quicker based on the given symptoms. The neurocardiac axis links the cardiovascular and nervous systems to physiological problems such as: arrhythmias, epilepsy, and stroke. These problems are related to the fundamental factor of stress on the body. As stated previously, the changes in neural oscillations can contribute to the knowledge of what a steady state in an individual looks like, especially because it changes based on the person, as well as contributing to the imbalance of the nervous system and physiological function. Moreover, the brain can control the heart rate through the sympathetic nervous system. Map between cardiovascular system to nervous system The cardiovascular system is regulated by the autonomic nervous system, which includes the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. A distinct balance between these systems is crucial for the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease. An imbalance can be caused by hormone levels, lifestyle, environmental stressors, and injuries. The complicated link between the brain and the heart can be mapped out from the complex of higher nervous system influences descending down to the heart. This complex innervates key autonomic structures from the brain's cortex to the heart along the neurocardiac axis. The heart is both the source of life and a source of cardiac arrhythmias and complications. The information originates in the brain's cortex and descends down to the hypothalamus. The neural signals are then transferred to the brainstem, followed by the spinal cord, which is the location where the heart receives all its signals from. In further detail, the heart receives its neural input through parasympathetic and sympathetic ganglia and lateral grey column of the spinal cord. Problems The neurocardiac axis is the link to many problems regarding the physiological functions of the body. This includes cardiac ischemia, stroke, epilepsy, and most importantly, heart arrhythmias and cardiac myopathies. Many of these problems are due to the imbalance of the nervous system, resulting in symptoms that affect both the heart and the", "title": "Neurocardiology" }, { "docid": "4840466", "text": "An anxiogenic or panicogenic substance is one that causes anxiety. This effect is in contrast to anxiolytic agents, which inhibits anxiety. Together these categories of psychoactive compounds may be referred to as anxiotropic compounds. Experimental Studies Anxiogenic effects can be measured by, for example, the hole-board test in rats and mice. A number of agents are used to provoke anxiety (anxiogens) or panic (panicogens) in experimental models. Mechanisms of Action Anxiogenic substances typically work through affecting levels of neurotransmitters such as dopamine, epinephrine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), norepinephrine (NE), and serotonin in the central nervous system (CNS). Some substances may alter functioning in the HPA axis, the neuroendocrine system that mediates responses to stress, where dysfunction has been linked to anxiety and panic disorders. Some substances, such as caffeine and sodium lactate, are largely reported to have anxiogenic effects only if they are consumed or taken by people with pre-existing anxiety or panic disorders. Anxiogenic Substances Psychoactive Substances A psychoactive substance is one that alters the functioning of the nervous system to produce changes in cognition and behaviour and include commonly consumed substances such as caffeine and nicotine. Though not typically the desired response, several of these compounds may have anxiogenic side effects. Caffeine Caffeine, found in tea and coffee, acts as an adenosine receptor antagonist. Adenosine receptors are involved in mood regulation among other functions, with its antagonists linked to general anxiogenic effects, and specific receptors, such as the A2A receptor disorders. However, research suggests that for caffeine to have notable anxiogenic effects when consumed, a person needs to have a pre-existing anxiety or panic disorder, and to consume a large amount of caffeine (5 cups or more). Nicotine Nicotine, found in tobacco products, binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nACHRs), that may affect the function of pathways implicated with stress brains and anxiety, such as the serotonergic or GABAergic pathways. Though nicotine is typically associated with a reduction in levels of anxiety, animal studies have found that at higher dosages, nicotine may have anxiogenic effects compared to its typical anxiolytic effects at lower dosages. Adrenergic Agents Adrenergic agents affect the levels of norepinephrine and epinephrine in the nervous system. NE is a neurotransmitter associated with the regulation of various cognitive functions including stress responses, arousal, vigilance, and anxiety. Yohimbine is an adrenergic agent that increases the levels of NE through inhibiting the absorption of NE by blocking the receptors on noradrenergic neurons. Research suggests that it can lead to a mildly anxious state or worsen panic, anxiety, and related symptoms in PTSD patients. Serotonergic Agents Serotonergic agents affect the neurotransmission pathways that involve serotonin, a neurotransmitter associated with mood regulation. Serotonin agonists can bind to and activate serotonin receptors, increasing the levels of serotonin in the CNS and resultingly increasing the occurrence of behaviours associated with anxiety. Research supports the resulting anxiogenic effects of agents such as LY-293,284 and mCPP in the CNS. Antibiotics Fluroquinolones (FQs), such as ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin, are a type of antibiotic that have been", "title": "Anxiogenic" }, { "docid": "1449660", "text": "Neuroendocrine cells are cells that receive neuronal input (through neurotransmitters released by nerve cells or neurosecretory cells) and, as a consequence of this input, release messenger molecules (hormones) into the blood. In this way they bring about an integration between the nervous system and the endocrine system, a process known as neuroendocrine integration. An example of a neuroendocrine cell is a cell of the adrenal medulla (innermost part of the adrenal gland), which releases adrenaline to the blood. The adrenal medullary cells are controlled by the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. These cells are modified postganglionic neurons. Autonomic nerve fibers lead directly to them from the central nervous system. The adrenal medullary hormones are kept in vesicles much in the same way neurotransmitters are kept in neuronal vesicles. Hormonal effects can last up to ten times longer than those of neurotransmitters. Sympathetic nerve fiber impulses stimulate the release of adrenal medullary hormones. In this way the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system and the medullary secretions function together. The major center of neuroendocrine integration in the body is found in the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland. Here hypothalamic neurosecretory cells release factors to the blood. Some of these factors (releasing hormones), released at the hypothalamic median eminence, control the secretion of pituitary hormones, while others (the hormones oxytocin and vasopressin) are released directly into the blood. APUD cells are considered part of the neuroendocrine system, and share many staining properties with neuroendocrine cells. Major neuroendocrine systems Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA axis) Hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis (HPT axis) Hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis (HPG axis) Hypothalamic–neurohypophyseal system Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNECs) are specialized airway epithelial cells that occur as solitary cells or as clusters called neuroepithelial bodies (NEBs) in the lung. Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells are also known as Kulchitsky cells or K cells. They are located in the respiratory epithelium of the upper and lower respiratory tract. PNECs and NEBs exist from fetal and neonatal stages in the lung airways. These cells are bottle- or flask-like in shape, and reach from the basement membrane to the lumen. They can be distinguished by their profile of bioactive amines and peptides, namely serotonin, calcitonin, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), chromogranin A, gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), and cholecystokinin. These cells can be the source of several types of lung cancer, most notably small cell carcinoma of the lung, and bronchial carcinoid tumor. Function PNECs may play a role with chemoreceptors in hypoxia detection. This is best supported by the presence of an oxygen-sensitive potassium channel coupled to an oxygen sensory protein in the rabbit lumenal membrane. They are hypothetically involved in regulating localized epithelial cell growth and regeneration through a paracrine mechanism, whereby their signaling peptides are released into the environment. In addition, they contain neuroactive substances which are released from basal cytoplasm. These substances induce autonomic nerve terminals or vasculature in the deep lamina propria. Role in fetal lung In the fetal lung, they are frequently located at the branching points of airway tubules, and", "title": "Neuroendocrine cell" }, { "docid": "56182616", "text": "Mary Fenner Dallman (April 11, 1935 – December 21, 2021) was an American neuroendocrinologist and professor emerita at University of California, San Francisco, where she was the first tenure-track female faculty member in the Department of Physiology and worked for 38 years before retiring in 2007. She is known for her elucidation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and the discovery that comfort foods dampen the stress response. Life Mary Dallman has three children with her husband Peter Dallman, a professor of pediatric medicine at UCSF. Career Dallman received her bachelor's degree in Chemistry from Smith College (1956) and completed her Ph.D. in Physiology at Stanford University in the laboratory of F. Eugene Yates (1967). Dallman then pursued two post-doctoral training stints, the first in Neuroscience in Stockholm, Sweden with Bengt Andersson and the second at UCSF in Neuroendocrinology with William Francis Ganong. She stayed on at UCSF thereafter, hired first as a lecturer for two years, before establishing her own lab as an assistant professor (1972), rising to full professor and serving as vice chair of the department for fourteen years. She is now professor emerita at University of California, San Francisco, where she was the first tenure-track female faculty member in the Department of Physiology and worked for 38 years before retiring in 2007. She is known for her elucidation of function along the hypothalamic, pituitary, adrenal axis, and the discovery that comfort foods dampen the stress response. Her lab explored the role of glucocorticoid feedback on the HPA axis, showing that there is a very fast (seconds-minutes) inhibitory effect, and that sufficiently intense stimuli to the stress-response system use central networks that appear to bypass central glucocorticoid inhibition of subsequent system activity. The lab also provided evidence that efferent adrenal nerves regulate both compensatory adrenal growth after unilateral adrenalectomy, and the diurnal rhythm in adrenocortical sensitivity to ACTH secretion. The finding that body weight, fat content, and activity in the HPA axis are tightly correlated, initiated subsequent studies that ultimately showed that only voluntary intake of lard inhibits adrenocortical responses to subsequent stressors. Dallman died on December 21, 2021, at the age of 86. Recognition Dallman has been recognized for her contributions in many ways: 1996-1998 International Society of Neuroendocrinology, President 1997-2002 Editorial Boards Endocrinology, J. Neuroscience, Stress. Molec. Psychiatry. 2003-2007 Receiving Editor Endocrinology; NIH workshops (Perimenopause; drug abuse; Alzheimer's Disease) and working group (Stress & CVD) 2011-2014 Editorial Board, Endocrinology 1980-2007 Member of 3 NIH PRGs – Endocrinology; NNB; DK Fellowships, K-awards. 2003 ISPNE Lifetime Achievement Award 2006 Muldoon Memorial Lectureship 2007 Selye Lectureship 2010 Marianne Blum Lectureship, Austin TX 2010 Soc Study Ingestive Behavior Distinguished Scientist Award 2015 Kavli Foundation Lecture to the Society for Neuroscience, Chicago References 1935 births 2021 deaths American neuroscientists American women neuroscientists Smith College alumni Stanford University alumni University of California, San Francisco faculty", "title": "Mary Fenner Dallman" }, { "docid": "9492253", "text": "Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptors (CRHRs), also known as corticotropin-releasing factor receptors (CRFRs) are a G protein-coupled receptor family that binds corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). There are two receptors in the family, designated as type 1 and 2, each encoded by a separate gene ( and respectively). Function CRHRs are important mediators in the stress response. Cells in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland known as corticotropes express the receptors and will secrete adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) when stimulated. This binding of corticotropin releasing-hormone (CRH) activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, one of the two parts of the fight-or-flight response to stress. CRHRs are also present in other brain areas such as the amygdala, locus coeruleus and hippocampus. Within the hippocampus, the CRHR1s are most abundant, residing mainly on the pyramidal cells of CA1 and CA3. Chronic activation of CRHR1s by CRH induced by early life stress has been shown to underlie memory deficits and learning impairments and anxiety in adulthood. References External links Corticotropin-releasing hormone", "title": "Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor" }, { "docid": "11509270", "text": "The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway regulates the innate immune response to injury, pathogens, and tissue ischemia. It is the efferent, or motor arm of the inflammatory reflex, the neural circuit that responds to and regulates the inflammatory response. Regulación de la respuesta inmune In 1987, a study showed that administration of armin, an irreversible inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase, by injection 24 hours before sepsis modelling invoked essential depression of a lethality of mice from experimental infectious process. Later (in 1995) this data has been confirmed at cholinergic stimulation by other cholinomimetics. Inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase can cause higher accessibility of acetylcholine and activation of cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway as well. Tumor necrosis factors (TNF) (and other cytokines) are produced by cells of the innate immune system during local injury and infection. These contribute to initiating a cascade of mediator release, and recruiting inflammatory cells to the site of infection to contain infection, referred to as \"innate immunity.\". TNF amplifies and prolongs the inflammatory response by activating other cells to release interleukin-1 (IL-1), high mobility group B1 (HMGB1) and other cytokines. These inflammatory cytokine responses confer protective advantages to the host at the site of bacterial infection. A “beneficial” inflammatory response is limited, resolves in 48–72 hours, and does not spread systemically. The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway provides a braking effect on the innate immune response which protects the body against the damage that can occur if a localized inflammatory response spreads beyond the local tissues, which results in toxicity or damage to the kidney, liver, lungs, and other organs. Neurophysiological and immunological mechanism The vagus nerve is the tenth cranial nerve. It regulates heart rate, broncho-constriction, digestion, and the innate immune response. The vagus nerve innervates the celiac ganglion, the site of origin of the splenic nerve. Stimulation of the efferent vagus nerve slows heart rate, induces gastrointestinal motility, and inhibits TNF production in spleen. Stimulation of the efferent pathway of the vagus nerve releases acetylcholine, the neurotransmitter which interacts with the α7 subunit of the nicotinic AChR (α7 nAChR). nAChR is expressed on the cell membrane of macrophages and other cytokine secreting cells. Binding of acetylcholine to nAChR activates intracellular signal transduction which inhibits the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Ligand receptor signaling does suppress production of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10). Relación con el estrés psicológico Inflammatory markers tend to be elevated in people who experience various forms of psychological stress. Psychological stress increases activation in the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) resulting in increased adrenergic input to the spleen via sympathetic nerve fibers descending into lymphoid tissues. The main neural structure responsible for down-regulating psychological stress levels is the prefrontal cortex (PFC). The PFC counters sympathetic nervous system activation by inhibiting arousal-eliciting activity in pre-autonomic neural structures such as the amygdala and hypothalamus and by increasing activity in the vagal branch of the ANS. Thus, the prefrontal input to the ANS modulate the inflammatory response to psychological stress in part via the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. In recent years, this PFC-Vagus Nerve-Spleen axis", "title": "Cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway" }, { "docid": "21698183", "text": "Malalignment of the nail plate, also known as congenital malalignment of the great toenails or congenital malalignment syndrome, is a congenital malalignment of the nail of the great toe, and is often misdiagnosed although it is a common condition. It most commonly affects the hallucices. The nail might be discolored and develop infections. If the misaligned nail becomes embedded in the lateral nail fold it can cause pain, inflammation and erythema. The cause of malalignment of the nail plate is unknown. Both extrinsic and genetic factors are suggested to play a role. Malalignment of the nail plate has been reported in twins suggesting genetic factors. Extrinsic factors can include vascular anomalies during fetal life, higher intrauterine pressure, or constriction of the toes by amniotic bands. The diagnosis of malalignment of the nail plate involves clinical examination. The course of treatment depends on how severe the malalignment is. Conservative treatment and managing complications is often the first choice as spontaneous realignment may occur up to 10 years of age. Surgery can correct or remove the nail. Signs and symptoms Malalignment of the nail plate is defined by the nail plate's lateral deviation along the longitudinal axis as a result of the nail matrix's lateral rotation. There have also been reports of median deviation. Unilateral or bilateral malalignment most commonly affects the hallucices, although it can also affect other toenails. The nail matrix experiences recurrent microtrauma, causing the nail plate to spread out in transverse ridges. A common sign is discoloration, which might get worse due to bleeding or infection. Pseudomonas and/or fungus infections are frequent opportunistic infections of the nail plate. In many cases, the misaligned toenail becomes embedded in the lateral nail fold, causing pain, erythema, and inflammation. Another common consequence that worsens ingrowth is acute or chronic paronychia. Usually present from birth, the disorder may continue undiagnosed in cases of minor deviation until childhood or puberty, when mechanical stress from activities like dancing or active sports, wearing tight shoes, or other causes causes nail dystrophic alterations. Causes It's yet unclear what causes malalignment. Both extrinsic and genetic factors, such as inherited embryological anomalies, have been taken into account. Nail dystrophy has been reported in monozygotic and dizygotic twins, as well as in multiple generations of a single family, which tends to point to the involvement of genetic elements. An autosomal dominant transmission with varying expressivity has been proposed as a potential mechanism of transmission. Mechanism Although the precise mechanism of congenital malalignment is unknown, a number of theories have been proposed, including lateral rotation of the nail matrix, an anomaly in the ligament that joins the matrix to the distal phalanx's periosteum, and environmental factors. Increased tension in the extensor tendon of the hallux may play a major role in the pathogenesis of toenail malalignment. This tension pulls the lateral portion of the nail matrix proximally, which may cause a lateral rotation of the nail matrix and, as a result, a longitudinal displacement of the nail plate axis. According", "title": "Malalignment of the nail plate" }, { "docid": "62935696", "text": "This page lists properties of several commonly used piezoelectric materials. Piezoelectric materials (PMs) can be broadly classified as either crystalline, ceramic, or polymeric. The most commonly produced piezoelectric ceramics are lead zirconate titanate (PZT), barium titanate, and lead titanate. Gallium nitride and zinc oxide can also be regarded as a ceramic due to their relatively wide band gaps. Semiconducting PMs offer features such as compatibility with integrated circuits and semiconductor devices. Inorganic ceramic PMs offer advantages over single crystals, including ease of fabrication into a variety of shapes and sizes not constrained crystallographic directions. Organic polymer PMs, such as PVDF, have low Young's modulus compared to inorganic PMs. Piezoelectric polymers (PVDF, 240 mV-m/N) possess higher piezoelectric stress constants (g33), an important parameter in sensors, than ceramics (PZT, 11 mV-m/N), which show that they can be better sensors than ceramics. Moreover, piezoelectric polymeric sensors and actuators, due to their processing flexibility, can be readily manufactured into large areas, and cut into a variety of shapes. In addition polymers also exhibit high strength, high impact resistance, low dielectric constant, low elastic stiffness, and low density, thereby a high voltage sensitivity which is a desirable characteristic along with low acoustic and mechanical impedance useful for medical and underwater applications. Among PMs, PZT ceramics are popular as they have a high sensitivity, a high g33 value. They are however brittle. Furthermore, they show low Curie temperature, leading to constraints in terms of applications in harsh environmental conditions. However, promising is the integration of ceramic disks into industrial appliances moulded from plastic. This resulted in the development of PZT-polymer composites, and the feasible integration of functional PM composites on large scale, by simple thermal welding or by conforming processes. Several approaches towards lead-free ceramic PM have been reported, such as piezoelectric single crystals (langasite), and ferroelectric ceramics with a perovskite structure and bismuth layer-structured ferroelectrics (BLSF), which have been extensively researched. Also, several ferroelectrics with perovskite-structure (BaTiO3 [BT], (Bi1/2Na1/2) TiO3 [BNT], (Bi1/2K1/2) TiO3 [BKT], KNbO3 [KN], (K, Na) NbO3 [KNN]) have been investigated for their piezoelectric properties. Key piezoelectric properties The following table lists the following properties for piezoelectric materials The piezoelectric coefficients (d33, d31, d15 etc.) measure the strain induced by an applied voltage (expressed as meters per volt). High dij coefficients indicate larger displacements which are needed for motoring transducer devices. The coefficient d33 measures deformation in the same direction (polarization axis) as the induced potential, whereas d31 describes the response when the force is applied perpendicular to the polarization axis. The d15 coefficient measures the response when the applied mechanical stress is due to shear deformation. Relative permittivity (εr) is the ratio between the absolute permittivity of the piezoelectric material, ε, and the vacuum permittivity, ε0. The electromechanical coupling factor k is an indicator of the effectiveness with which a piezoelectric material converts electrical energy into mechanical energy, or converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. The first subscript to k denotes the direction along which the electrodes are applied; the second denotes", "title": "List of piezoelectric materials" } ]	[ "cortisol" ]
train_21982	who did england play in 2002 world cup	[ { "docid": "16902826", "text": "Mamta Kharab (born 26 January 1982, Sonipat, Haryana) is an Indian former field hockey player, who represented the India women's national field hockey team. She also served as the captain of the Indian women's hockey team. During the 2002 Commonwealth Games, she scored the winning goal which gave India the Gold. She also served as the model for the character of Komal Chautala in the 2007 Bollywood hit, Chak De India. Now she is working in Haryana police as a Deputy Superintendent of Police. She is a recipient of the Arjuna Award. Known as 'golden girl' of Indian women hockey team, Mamta Kharb was born on 26 January 1982. She was declared the best player and the best scorer in the Junior Asia Cup hockey tournament held in Malayasia, where India won the bronze medal. She has also played a leading role in India's victory in the Common Wealth Games held in Manchester in 2002. She scored the Golden Goal in the final against England in which India won the gold medal after 32 years. Mamta's native village is Giwana in Sonipat district of Haryana. She did her schooling from Senior Secondary School Rohtak, Haryana. Her parents Kamla and Haripal reside in Model Town area, Rohtak. Mamta's two sisters Poonam and Sushma have also played hockey at the national level. Sushma like Mamta, is still playing for the Railways. Mamta's father Haripal Singh is a primary teacher and is posted in the village Bidhlan of the Sonipat district. Born in a lower-middle-class family where her school teacher father had six other children to feed, Mamta Kharab's rise is an example of the struggle that women in Haryana have to make to realise their sporting ambitions Ms. Mamta Kharb is a graduate from MD University, Rohtak. She has played a number of National and International Hockey matches/championships for India. Her sports achievements as per certificate given by Indian Women's Hockey Federation are as under:- 1999 National (U-21) Tournament, New Jersey, USA, 1st Place. 2000 Olympic Qualifying Tournament, Milton Keynes, England 2000 3rd Junior Asia Cup, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Bronze Medal 2000 U-18 AHF Cup, Hong Kong, China, Gold Medal 2001 Test Matches in Australia 2001 4th Junior World Cup, Buenos Aires, Argentina 2001 10th Women's World Cup Qualification Tournament, France 2002 1st Championship Challenge Trophy, Johannesburg, South Africa, Bronze Medal 2002 4-Nations hockey Tournament, Manchester (England) 2nd place 2002 10th Women's World Cup Qualifying play off matches in England against USA 2002 17th Commonwealth Games, Manchester, England, Gold Medal 2004 5th Asia Cup, New Delhi, Gold Medal 2004 Test Matches in New Zealand 2005 Training-cum-competition, Adelaide, Australia, 1 March to 2 April 2005 2005 5th KT Cup International Tournament, Seongnam, Korea, 7–17 June 2005 2005 4 Nation Tournament, New Delhi 1–8 October 2005 Silver Medal 2005 7th Indira Gandhi International Gold Cup Women's Hockey Tournament, New Delhi 1–8 October 2005 Silver Medal 2006 18th Commonwealth Games, Melbourne, Australia, Silver Medal Moreover, she was declared Best Player of the Tournament and Best", "title": "Mamta Kharab" }, { "docid": "2747084", "text": "Mike Bassett: Manager is a British television comedy series by Steve Barron. It is a follow-up to the 2001 film Mike Bassett: England Manager, and stars Ricky Tomlinson, Steve Edge, Amanda Redman and Dan Renton Skinner. The film follows Mike Bassett who after leading England to the World Cup semi-finals in 2002 has seen his career decline as he decides to postpone his retirement in Spain to take over as manager of EFL League Two side Wirral County, the team for whom his father was a club legend. The show ran for one series of six episodes and was first shown on 29 September 2005 on ITV. In 2014, there were plans to bring Mike Bassett back to the big screen in a movie titled \"Mike Bassett: Interim Manager.\" However, a kickstarter project that was essential for raising funds for the film did not meet its target, essentially making the series the final instalment. Premise The series is a sequel to the film Mike Bassett: England Manager, in which Bassett, having won the Mr Clutch Cup with second-tier side Norwich City, takes over England following the previous manager's heart attack. Despite failing to win any of the final three qualifiers, England reach the World Cup finals, held in Brazil. After drawing with Egypt, a 4–0 defeat to Mexico, captain Gary Wackett being sent home for hooliganism and Bassett being pictured in a drunken incident, he is expected to resign, but instead inspires England to victory over Argentina. England reach the semi-finals, before being knocked out by eventual winners Brazil. The series picks up some time after Mike Bassett took England to the semi-finals of a fictional 2002 World Cup. The side failed to qualify for the 2004 European Championships, losing to lowly Liechtenstein during the campaign, resulting in Bassett being sacked. Since then, a spell at Newcastle ended in similar fashion after getting them relegated two seasons in a row, while his returns to former clubs Norwich and then Colchester fared little better. Mike decides to retire and is set to move to Spain, but at the last minute is offered the manager's job at Wirral County F.C., for whom his father was a player. Cast Main cast Ricky Tomlinson as Mike Bassett, the former England manager who's struggled since returning from the 2002 World Cup and has since been sacked by Newcastle, Norwich and Colchester. Steve Edge as Doddsy, Bassett's assistant coach who is a sycophantic yes man. Amanda Redman as Karine Bassett, Mike's long suffering but faithful wife whose patience is often put to the test. Dan Renton Skinner as Kevin Tonkinson, A Geordie former England international player who is an alcoholic and has since found himself playing in the lower leagues. He is based on Paul Gascoigne as per his spells with Boston United at the time. Tim Barlow as Sir Denzil, the supportive but elderly chairman of Wirral County Football Club, who suffers a heart attack in the first episode. Michael Fenton Stevens as Richard Johnson,", "title": "Mike Bassett: Manager" }, { "docid": "7238008", "text": "Eniola Aluko (born 21 February 1987) is a Nigerian-British football executive, football broadcaster and former professional player who played as a winger and striker. Aluko has been a regular broadcaster for live football on ITV, BT Sport, Amazon Prime and Fox Sports in the USA, including men's Premier League matches and Women's Super League since 2014. She was the first Sporting Director for Angel City FC of the American National women's soccer league and formerly held the position of Sporting Director at Aston Villa W.F.C. from January 2020 to June 2021. Born in Lagos, Nigeria, Aluko moved to Birmingham, England, at 6 months old and made 102 appearances for the England national team from 2004 to 2016 and competed at the 2007 FIFA Women's World Cup in China, 2009 UEFA Women's Euro, 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup in Germany, 2013 UEFA Women's Euro, and 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup in Canada. At the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, she represented Great Britain. Aluko previously played for Birmingham City, Charlton Athletic, and Chelsea in England's FA Women's Premier League. She played for Saint Louis Athletica, Atlanta Beat, and Sky Blue FC in the American Women's Professional Soccer (WPS) from 2009 to 2011. After a short stint with Birmingham City in England's new top-division league, FA WSL, she signed with Chelsea, where she played from 2012 to 2018. Before retiring from professional football in January 2020, Aluko last played as a forward for Juventus. Since 2014 she has also provided television commentary on football, including FIFA men's and women's World Cups. Early life Born in Lagos, Nigeria, to Gbenga and Sileola, Aluko moved with her family to Birmingham in the West Midlands region of England at the age of six months. She grew up playing football with her brother Sone Aluko and his friends. She also played other sports, including tennis. Growing up, Aluko supported Manchester United. Aluko started her career at Leafield Athletic Ladies and subsequently played for Birmingham City Ladies' youth team under manager Marcus Bignot with future England teammate, Karen Carney. She scored on her Birmingham team debut against Leeds United, aged 14. Club career Birmingham City, 2001–2004 On 7 April 2002, 15-year-old Aluko played for Birmingham in the FA Women's Premier League Cup Final at Adams Park, as the young Birmingham team lost 7–1 to professional Fulham. City did win promotion as Northern Division champions to the Premier League National Division in 2001–02. Her goalscoring during the following 2002–03 Premier League season led Bignot to declare her \"the Wayne Rooney of women's football\". Aluko was named Young Player of the Year at The FA Women's Football Awards in 2003. Charlton Athletic, 2004–2007 Aluko left Birmingham to join Charlton Athletic in January 2004. She helped Charlton defeat Fulham 1–0 to win the FA Women's Premier League Cup at Underhill Stadium in March 2004. During the 2003–04 season, Aluko appeared as a second-half substitute when Charlton lost the FA Women's Cup final to Arsenal, 3–0 at Loftus Road in May.", "title": "Eniola Aluko" }, { "docid": "2037762", "text": "Erik Kenneth Edman (; born 11 November 1978) is a Swedish former professional footballer who played as a defender. Starting off his career with Helsingborgs IF in 1997, he went on to represent clubs in Italy, Germany, the Netherlands, England, and France before retiring at Helsingborg in 2013. A full international between 2001 and 2009, he won 57 caps for the Sweden national team and represented his country at the 2002 FIFA World Cup, UEFA Euro 2004, and the 2006 FIFA World Cup. Club career Early career Edman played for a number of clubs during his career. He played for Helsingborgs IF until 1999, which was his first time leaving Sweden and moved abroad. In 2001, after having unremarkable spells at Italian club Torino and Karlsruher SC in Germany, Edman returned to Sweden and joined AIK for one season. After that, Heerenveen in the Netherlands brought Edman from Sweden. Tottenham Hotspur In July 2004, Tottenham Hotspur signed Edman from Heerenveen. Edman quickly established himself at the club, and will probably be best remembered at Spurs for his stunning goal, which he scored from 41 yards out, in the Premier League match against Liverpool in April 2005. However, in the summer of 2005, the arrival of South Korean left back, Lee Young-Pyo, led Edman to make the decision to leave England. Rennes In the last week of August, Spurs accepted an offer from French club Rennes. It did not take long for Edman to impress his new manager, László Bölöni, and once again established himself as first choice at left-back. Wigan Athletic In January 2008, Edman was signed by Wigan Athletic for a transfer fee of £500,000. The arrival of Edman was a good deal for Wigan Athletic, since the club did not find a good replacement after the departure of Leighton Baines, the previous summer. In March 2008, Edman was injured in a match against Blackburn Rovers, damaging his anterior crutiate ligament in his knee. This means he missed the rest of Wigan's season, as well as Euro 2008. Edman made his return to the Wigan team, as a substitute in January 2009 at Old Trafford, as Wigan lost 1–0 to Manchester United. However, he has lacked playing time, due to injuries and Maynor Figueroa's impressive performances throughout the season, which have earned him a spot in Roberto Martínez's starting eleven. Edman played his last game in the Latics' 9–1 loss against Tottenham Hotspur in November, where he had a torrid time against Aaron Lennon. Helsingborgs IF On 5 February 2010, Helsingborgs IF confirmed that they had re-signed Edman. Edman signed a five-year contract with the Swedish club. In December 2012 it was announced Edman would take up a coaching position at Helsingborgs IF. International career Edman was a part of the Sweden national team setup from 2001 until 2009. In 2002, he was part of Sweden's 2002 World Cup squad, but did not make any appearances. He then began to feature more regularly for Sweden after the 2002 World", "title": "Erik Edman" }, { "docid": "2113803", "text": "Tomas Emil Rune Antonelius (born Tomas Gustafsson; 7 May 1973) is a Swedish former professional footballer who played as a defender. He played professionally in Sweden, Canada, England, and Denmark, before injuries cut his career short. He won eight caps for the Sweden national team between 1999 and 2002, and represented his country at UEFA Euro 2000 and the 2002 FIFA World Cup. Club career Early career Antonelius had a brief stint with Canadian side Winnipeg Fury, during a year in college in North America. Whilst at AIK, he played against Arsenal in the 1999–2000 UEFA Champions League. At the time, Arsenal were playing their home European games at Wembley Stadium, giving Antonelius a run out at the famous ground. Coventry City In December 1999, Antonelius joined Coventry City for an undisclosed fee, signing a three-and-a-half-year contract. He made his debut against Arsenal, coming on as a late substitute for Youssef Chippo, as Coventry won 3–2. Copenhagen In February 2002, he joined Danish Superliga side Copenhagen. However, he suffered a serious knee injury, 1,5 years after joining the club and never played football again. He announced his retirement in September 2003, due to this failure to recover from the injury. International career Antonelius made his full international debut for the Sweden national team on 18 August 1999, in a friendly 0–0 draw with Austria. He made his competitive international debut for Sweden against Italy at UEFA Euro 2000, playing for 75 minutes before being replaced by Kennet Andersson in a 1–2 loss. He was also selected for the 2002 FIFA World Cup, but did not play. He won his eight and final cap on 12 October 2002 in a UEFA Euro 2004 qualifier against Hungary, playing for 67 minutes before being replaced by Mattias Jonson. Personal life Antonelius began his career playing as \"Tomas Gustafsson\", before changing his name in 2001. The reason for this change was that \"Gustafsson\" is a very common name in Sweden, and he chose \"Antonelius\" as it was the married name of his older sister. Career statistics International Honours AIK Allsvenskan: 1998 Svenska Cupen: 1996–97, 1998–99 Copenhagen Danish Superliga: 2002–03 References 1973 births Living people 2002 FIFA World Cup players IF Brommapojkarna players AIK Fotboll players Allsvenskan players Coventry City F.C. players Danish Superliga players Expatriate men's footballers in Denmark Expatriate men's footballers in England F.C. Copenhagen players Men's association football defenders Premier League players Sweden men's international footballers Swedish expatriate men's footballers Swedish expatriate sportspeople in Denmark Swedish expatriate sportspeople in England Swedish men's footballers UEFA Euro 2000 players Winnipeg Fury players Footballers from Stockholm Swedish expatriate sportspeople in Canada Expatriate men's soccer players in Canada", "title": "Tomas Antonelius" }, { "docid": "25279872", "text": "The 2003 Rugby World Cup was the fifth Rugby World Cup and was won by England. Originally planned to be co-hosted by Australia and New Zealand, all games were shifted to Australia following a contractual dispute over ground signage rights between the New Zealand Rugby Union and Rugby World Cup Limited. The pre-event favourites were England, regarded by many at the time as the best team in the world. New Zealand, France, South Africa and defending champions Australia were also expected to make strong showings, with New Zealand being second favourites after victory in the southern-hemisphere Tri-Nations championship. The tournament began with host nation Australia defeating Argentina 24–8 at Stadium Australia in Sydney. Australia went on to defeat New Zealand 22–10 in the semi-final, to play England in the final. Along with a try to Jason Robinson, Jonny Wilkinson kicked four penalties and then a drop-goal in extra time to win the game 20–17 for England, who became the first northern hemisphere team to win the Webb Ellis Cup. Qualifying The following 20 teams, shown by region, qualified for the 2003 Rugby World Cup. Of the 20 teams, eight of those places were automatically filled by the teams that reached the quarter-final stages in 1999, including hosts and world champions Australia and did not have to play any qualification matches. A record 81 nations from five continents were involved in the qualification process designed to fill the remaining 12 spots, which began on 23 September 2000. Host Hosting rights to the tournament were initially awarded to both Australia and New Zealand; Australia would serve as the primary host, staging 25 of the 48 matches, while the other 23 would be played in New Zealand. Concerns were expressed in January 2001 that Australia might have been stripped of hosting rights after the International Rugby Board (IRB) removed official status from the 2001 Brisbane Sevens in response to the Australian government denying entry visas to the Fiji team; despite this, the IRB confirmed that Australia was still confirmed as host nation. In March 2002, the Australian Rugby Union withdrew its offer to allow New Zealand to co-host the tournament after New Zealand Rugby failed to return the sub-host agreement by the deadline of 04:00 GMT on 8 March 2002. The New Zealand governing body had returned the documents, but with substantial changes relating to signage inside stadiums. New Zealand Rugby had intended for the annual National Provincial Championship to take place during the World Cup, and insisted on being able to honour its agreement with local sponsors, but this was not acceptable to the IRB. The ARU was then given 21 days to come up with alternative arrangements. Australia's new plans were ratified at an IRB meeting on 18 April 2003, confirming them as sole hosts of the tournament. The IRB was criticised from some quarters for its decision to strip New Zealand of the World Cup, and speaking to BBC Sport, former New Zealand number 8 Zinzan Brooke called on his", "title": "2003 Rugby World Cup" }, { "docid": "5196012", "text": "Isaac Okoronkwo (born 1 May 1978) is a Nigerian former professional football player who played as a defender. Career Okoronkwo started his career at FC Lagos before moving to the Nigerian club Julius Berger. His first club outside Nigeria was a six-month spell at Al-Rayyan in Qatar, but the club could not afford to keep him beyond this period and he returned home to Iwuanyanwu Nationale. He spent one season there before again heading abroad with Moldovan club Sheriff Tiraspol for two seasons. In the summer of 2000, he signed for Shakhtar Donetsk in the Ukraine. With Shakhtar he played in the UEFA Champions League and UEFA Cup, and won the Ukrainian Cup in 2001 and the league title in 2002. After his contract expired in 2003, several Premier League and Bundesliga clubs like Schalke 04 and Borussia Mönchengladbach tried to sign him. He eventually signed a one-year deal with newly promoted Premier League side Wolverhampton Wanderers. Okoronkwo's time in England did not prove a success though, as he was unable to break into the team until the closing months of the season, by which time the club faced almost certain relegation. After they suffered the drop, Okoronkwo was released and eventually moved to play in Russia with Alania Vladikavkaz. Alania folded under financial problems in 2005 and he signed with Moscow in 2006, soon becoming an important member of the starting line-up at his new club. That season he was voted the club's player of the season, alongside Hector Bracamonte. International career Okoronkwo played 25 games for the Nigeria national team after making his debut on 13 January 2001, against Zambia. He played in the 2002 and 2004 African Cup of Nations (finishing third both times) and in the Olympic Games in 2000. He also played in every minute of Nigeria's 2002 World Cup campaign, where they failed to progress beyond the group stage. Honors Nigeria Africa Cup of Nations third place: 2004 References External links Profile at Nigerian Players.com 1978 births Living people Nigerian men's footballers Nigerian expatriate men's footballers FC Sheriff Tiraspol players FC Shakhtar Donetsk players FC Shakhtar-2 Donetsk players Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. players FC Spartak Vladikavkaz players FC Moscow players Ukrainian Premier League players Ukrainian First League players Premier League players Nigerian expatriate sportspeople in Russia 2002 African Cup of Nations players 2004 African Cup of Nations players 2002 FIFA World Cup players Igbo sportspeople Footballers at the 2000 Summer Olympics Olympic footballers for Nigeria Nigeria men's international footballers Nigerian expatriate sportspeople in Moldova Russian Premier League players Enyimba F.C. players Al-Rayyan SC players Expatriate men's footballers in Russia Expatriate men's footballers in Qatar Heartland F.C. players Expatriate men's footballers in Moldova Expatriate men's footballers in Ukraine Nigerian expatriate sportspeople in Ukraine Expatriate men's footballers in England FC Rostov players Men's association football defenders Qatar Stars League players", "title": "Isaac Okoronkwo" }, { "docid": "25154204", "text": "Russia has participated in 4 FIFA World Cups since its independence in December 1991. The Russian Federation played their first international match against Mexico on 16 August 1992, winning 2–0. Their first participation in a World Cup was in the United States in 1994 where they achieved 18th place. In 1946, the Soviet Union was accepted by FIFA and entered their first World Cup in Sweden 1958. The Soviet Union national football team played in 7 World Cups. Their best performance was reaching fourth place in England 1966. The USSR was dissolved in 1991 when Belarus, Russia and Ukraine declared independence under the Belavezha Accords, along with Georgia. The CIS national football team (Commonwealth of Independent States) was formed with other independent nations in 1992 for the purpose of competing in UEFA Euro 1992. Russia was recognized as the official successor of the Soviet Union by FIFA and inherited the records of the Soviet Union. Russia most recently qualified for the 2018 edition as hosts. They were banned from the 2022 edition during qualification. The last time Russia failed to qualify after a full qualification round was in 2010. Overview History Champions Runners-up Third place Fourth place *Draws include knockout matches decided via penalty shoot-out Record vs As Soviet Union As Russia Last update 8 July 2018 Soviet Union in Sweden 1958 Group play-off Quarter-final Soviet Union in Chile 1962 Quarter-final Soviet Union in England 1966 Quarter-final Semi-final Bronze Final Soviet Union in Mexico 1970 Quarter-final Soviet Union in Spain 1982 Second round Group A Soviet Union in Mexico 1986 Round of 16 Soviet Union in Italy 1990 Russia in USA 1994 Russia in South Korea/Japan 2002 Russia in Brazil 2014 Russia vs South Korea This was the first time the two countries have played each other in the FIFA World Cup, though they did play a friendly in 2013, which Russia won 2–1. The match ended in a 1–1 draw, with both goals being in the second half. Belgium vs Russia Algeria vs Russia Russia in Russia 2018 Knockout stage Round of sixteen Quarter-finals Record players Russia's record World Cup player is Dynamo Moscow legend Lev Yashin. The 1958 FIFA World Cup in particular, which was the first one to be widely broadcast on television, had a major part in introducing Yashin's active and demanding goalkeeping style to the world at large. FIFA have established him as the best goalkeeper of the 20th century by repeatedly naming him in all-star teams like the FIFA World Cup Dream Team in 2002. Top goalscorers Russia's top goalscorers at the FIFA World Cup, Valentin Ivanov and Oleg Salenko, have won a Golden Boot award each. Salenko is the only player who has ever scored five goals in a single World Cup match, and the only player to win the Golden Boot even though his team was eliminated in the group stage. See also Russia at the FIFA Confederations Cup Russia at the UEFA European Championship References Article in EU-Football Russia national football", "title": "Russia at the FIFA World Cup" }, { "docid": "5991428", "text": "Group A was one of eight groups at the 2002 FIFA World Cup. It consisted of defending champions France, two-time winners Uruguay, Denmark and debutants Senegal. The group's first match was played on 31 May 2002 and the last on 11 June 2002. From the outset, it was apparent that the group would not pan out as expected, as Senegal beat France 1–0 in the opening match of the tournament. France followed this with a goalless draw against Uruguay, in a match in which their star striker Thierry Henry was sent off, before rounding out the group with another defeat to Denmark. Senegal's other two matches finished as draws, including a well-earned point against Denmark and a bad-tempered game against Uruguay, in which 12 players were booked. Denmark started the group well, beating Uruguay in Ulsan, before a late Senegalese equaliser in Daegu prevented them from qualifying for the round of 16 with a match to spare. Instead, they were forced to play France, knowing that a draw would see them through to the next round. They won 2–0 and finished top of the group thanks to Senegal's draw with Uruguay. Dark horses Uruguay never really got going, with their high point being a goalless draw with a sub-par French side. They did manage to put three goals past Senegal in a high-scoring draw, but their loss to Denmark in their opening match had dashed any hopes they may have had of reaching the next round. Standings Denmark advanced to play England (runner-up of Group F) in the round of 16. Senegal advanced to play Sweden (winner of Group F) in the round of 16. Matches All times are local (UTC+9) France vs Senegal Uruguay vs Denmark Denmark vs Senegal France vs Uruguay Denmark vs France Senegal vs Uruguay See also Denmark at the FIFA World Cup France at the FIFA World Cup Senegal at the FIFA World Cup Uruguay at the FIFA World Cup External links Results A France at the 2002 FIFA World Cup Denmark at the 2002 FIFA World Cup Uruguay at the 2002 FIFA World Cup Senegal at the 2002 FIFA World Cup", "title": "2002 FIFA World Cup Group A" }, { "docid": "6037325", "text": "The Group F of the 2002 FIFA World Cup lasted from 2 to 12 June 2002. Sweden won the group, and advanced to the second round, along with England. The two sides were level on points, but Sweden won the tie-break on goals scored, and so won the group with England in second place. Argentina and Nigeria failed to advance. Group F was considered by several commentators to be a 'group of death' due to the high rankings, and World Cup records of the teams in the group. Standings Sweden advanced to play Senegal (runner-up of Group A) in the round of 16. England advanced to play Denmark (winner of Group A) in the round of 16. Matches All times local (UTC+9) Argentina vs Nigeria England vs Sweden Sweden vs Nigeria Argentina vs England Sweden vs Argentina Nigeria vs England See also Argentina at the FIFA World Cup England at the FIFA World Cup Nigeria at the FIFA World Cup Sweden at the FIFA World Cup References External links Results F England at the 2002 FIFA World Cup Sweden at the 2002 FIFA World Cup Argentina at the 2002 FIFA World Cup Nigeria at the 2002 FIFA World Cup", "title": "2002 FIFA World Cup Group F" }, { "docid": "5703581", "text": "Clément Poitrenaud (born 20 May 1982 in Castres, Tarn) is a former French rugby union footballer. His usual position is at fullback but he also plays at centre. He most recently played for South African side the in Super Rugby, having represented in the French Top 14 club competition between 2000 and 2016, and between 2001 and 2012, including at the 2003 Rugby World Cup in Australia and the 2007 Rugby World Cup in France. He has since transitioned into a role of partner, father and coach. Rugby career Toulouse / France He played his first Heineken Cup match during the 2000–01 tournament, against Welsh side, the Cardiff Blues. He scored his first Heineken Cup try coming off the bench in a match against the Saracens, and did the same in the subsequent match against the Cardiff Blues. Toulouse won the Top 14 in 2001, defeating ASM Clermont Auvergne 34 to 22 in the final at Stade de France. Poitrenaud made his debut for France during 2001, and was part of the French side which defeated the Springboks 20 to 10 in Paris. He earned a further two international caps for France that year, playing in the subsequent victories over Australia in Marseille and Fiji in Saint-Étienne. Toulouse made it to the final of the 2002-03 Heineken Cup, and defeated USA Perpignan to win the cup. Toulouse were also finalists of the domestic competition, but were defeated by Stade Français. Poitrenaud returned to the national side in early 2003, to play in all of France's matches during the 2003 Six Nations Championship, which included losses to England and Ireland, with wins over Wales, Italy and Scotland. In the lead up to the Rugby World Cup he appeared in three matches for France; in the losses to Argentina, the All Blacks and England. He was called up to the French squad for the 2003 Rugby World Cup in Australia. He played in the 51–29 victory over Japan as well as the 41–14 in over the United States during the pool stages. France played the All Blacks in the third place match. He played in the 24 to 21 win over England in Paris. France would eventually win the 2004 Six Nations Championship. Toulouse made it to the final of the 2003-04 Heineken Cup, but were defeated by the London Wasps in the final. The scores were tied going into the last minute when Wasps player Robert Howley kicked the ball to the corner; Poitrenaud stood over the ball waiting for it to bounce into touch but it stayed in play and Howley chased the ball down and touched it down for the winning try . Poitrenaud played another four times for France later that year; playing in matches against the United States, Canada, Argentina and the All Blacks. Toulouse were finalists of the 2004-05 Heineken Cup, and met fellow French club Stade Français (who defeated Toulouse in the domestic final of 2003). Stade Toulousain won the match 18 points to 12.", "title": "Clément Poitrenaud" }, { "docid": "42408174", "text": "Tunisia has participated six times in the FIFA World Cup, the biggest men's football event in the world, in 1978, 1998, 2002, 2006, 2018 and 2022. Tunisia has never been able to advance past the group stage on any of these occasions; they have played eighteen games, winning three, with five draws and ten defeats. The selection played its first qualifying match for a World Cup on 30 October 1960 against Morocco at the Stade d'Honneur, Casablanca. Wahbi Khazri is the Tunisian player who has scored the most goals in the competition with three: two in 2018 and one in the 2022 edition. Riadh Bouazizi and Kaies Ghodhbane are the two Tunisian players with the most matches played (eight games each in 1998, 2002 and 2006). Summary By match FIFA World Cup record As of 2022, Tunisia have never advanced past the group stage of a World Cup. They have won three matches: against Mexico in 1978, Panama in 2018, and France in 2022. 1978 FIFA World Cup Tunisia's first World Cup was the 1978 competition held in Argentina. They became the first African team to win a World Cup game, defeating Mexico 3–1 in Rosario. A 1–0 defeat to 1974 bronze-medalists Poland followed. Although The Eagles Of Carthage then held reigning champions West Germany to a 0–0 draw, they failed to advance. Tunisia failed to qualify for the FIFA World Cup again until twenty years later. Tunisia v Mexico Poland v Tunisia West Germany v Tunisia 1998 FIFA World Cup Adel Sellimi's team were beaten 2–0 by England, and 1–0 by Colombia to eliminate them at the group stage. Their only point was in a 1–1 draw with Romania. England vs Tunisia Colombia vs Tunisia Romania vs Tunisia 2002 FIFA World Cup Tunisia reached their second successive FIFA World Cup (and third overall), which was co-hosted by South Korea and Japan. They started with a 2–0 loss against Russia, but a Raouf Bouzaiene free-kick gave them a 1–1 draw against Belgium in their second match. Their final group game resulted in a 2–0 defeat to co-hosts Japan, meaning they were knocked out in the group stages yet again. All times local (UTC+9) Russia v Tunisia Tunisia v Belgium Tunisia v Japan 2006 FIFA World Cup Tunisia drew their opening game against Saudi Arabia 2–2, but lost their second match to Spain 3–1 and lost their last group match to Ukraine 1–0, ending their 2006 FIFA World Cup campaign. All times local (CEST/UTC+2) Tunisia vs Saudi Arabia Spain vs Tunisia Ukraine vs Tunisia 2018 FIFA World Cup Tunisia vs England The two teams had met in two matches, including one game at the 1998 FIFA World Cup group stage, an England 2–0 victory. England scored in the 11th minute when Mouez Hassen stopped a John Stones' header from a corner from the left, but could not save a Harry Kane follow-up from close range. Hassen was substituted four minutes later for Farouk Ben Mustapha due to an injury earlier in", "title": "Tunisia at the FIFA World Cup" }, { "docid": "1033640", "text": "Listed below are the dates and results for the 2006 FIFA World Cup qualification rounds for UEFA teams. A total of 51 teams took part, divided in 8 groups – five groups of six teams each and three groups of seven teams each – competing for 13 places in the World Cup. Germany, the hosts, were already qualified, for a total of 14 European places in the tournament. The qualifying process started on 18 August 2004, over a month after the end of UEFA Euro 2004, and ended on 16 November 2005. Kazakhstan, which transitioned from the Asian Football Confederation to UEFA after the end of the 2002 FIFA World Cup, debuted in the European qualifiers. The teams in each group would play against each other in a home and away basis. The team with the most points in each group qualified to the World Cup. The runners up are ranked. For fairness rules, results against the seventh placed team were ignored, in groups of seven teams. The two best ranked runners-up also qualified to the World Cup. The other six runners-up were drawn into three two-legged knock out matches, the playoff winners also qualifying. The race to join hosts Germany at the 2006 FIFA World Cup featured an unlikely winner in Europe, where Ukraine became the first team to qualify, having finished above Turkey, Denmark and Greece in arguably the continent's toughest qualifying group. France had its first successful World Cup qualifying campaign in twenty years as they had missed the 1990 and 1994 tournaments, then qualified automatically as hosts in 1998 and as defending champions in 2002. Serbia and Montenegro and Croatia also advanced to Germany at the head of their sections, the former forcing Spain into the playoffs in the process. Besides the eight group winners, two teams progressed automatically as best runners up, namely Poland and Sweden while the playoffs offered a second chance to six others. Qualification seeding (UEFA) The draw was made on 5 December 2003 in Frankfurt, Germany. Germany qualified automatically as hosts. The other seedings were determined by points per game in the qualifiers for 2002 FIFA World Cup qualification and UEFA Euro 2004 qualifying. France qualified automatically for the 2002 FIFA World Cup as title holders, so only their record in UEFA Euro 2004 qualifying was used. Portugal qualified automatically for UEFA Euro 2004 as hosts, so only their record in World Cup 2002 was used. Kazakhstan were not ranked by this system as they did not participate in either competition. For domestic clubs involved in international club competitions reasons, England, France, Italy and Spain were drawn into groups of 6 teams. First round Summary Groups The first round is group play. A win is awarded 3 point, a draw 1 point and a loss 0. The winner of a group is the team with the most points. Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6 Group 7 Group 8 Play-offs Ranking of runners-up Matches \|} Qualified", "title": "2006 FIFA World Cup qualification (UEFA)" }, { "docid": "21494050", "text": "Schalk Burger Brits (born 16 May 1981) is a South African former professional rugby union player who last played for the South Africa national team and the in Super Rugby. He primarily played as a hooker. He was part of the 2019 Rugby World Cup-winning team. Brits holds the international record for oldest player to win a Rugby World Cup aged 38 years, 170 days in the final against England in 2019 a game in which he didn't play in. Personal life Brits was born in Empangeni, KwaZulu-Natal and attended Paul Roos Gymnasium before going to Stellenbosch University. He married Colinda Wijnants on 29 January 2011 in Greyton, South Africa. Club career Western Province Brits played for the Western Province from 2002 to 2004 and rejoined the Cape franchise from 2006 to 2009. Stormers Brits played for the Stormers for four seasons making 51 appearances for them and managing to score 20 points. Saracens Brits made his debut for Saracens in the season opener against London Irish. He scored his first try for Saracens on 27 September 2009 against Gloucester in a 19–16 win. He scored seven tries in the 2009–10 season and played every minute in the Premiership Final against Leicester Tigers, which Saracens lost 33–27. Brits was voted Players' Player of the year for the 2009–10 season. In the 2010–11 grand final against Leicester, Brits won the Man of the Match award in a match that Saracens won 22–18. On 27 June 2011, Brits moved back to his former club Stormers on a short-term loan deal. He played as a back rower for the South African side in the Super Rugby semifinal loss against the Crusaders as a replacement for Duane Vermeulen. In January 2012, he signed a new deal with the Saracens that kept him at the club for another three seasons. This was later extended, and he remained at Saracens until the end of the 2017–18 season. During his time at Saracens he has won four Premiership titles in 2011, 2015, 2016 and 2018, with Brits featuring in all four finals. He also helped Saracens win the European Champions Cup in 2016 and 2017. International career Brits made his international debut against in 2008. He was next called up when he was included in the Springbok squad that toured Ireland, Scotland and England during the 2012 end-of-year rugby union internationals. He came on as a substitute in the match against Scotland to earn his fourth cap. He earned his fifth cap in their next match, replacing Adriaan Strauss as they beat England 16–15. Brits returned to international rugby in 2015, coming on as a substitute in South Africa's 2015 Rugby World Cup warm-up match against Argentina, and was then included in South Africa's squad that participated at the 2015 Rugby World Cup. While he didn't feature in their 32–34 loss to in their opening match, he did play off the bench in their next match against , scoring a late try in a 34–16 victory. He", "title": "Schalk Brits" }, { "docid": "5712336", "text": "Sylvain Marconnet (born 8 April 1976) is a French rugby union footballer who played for Biarritz Olympique having signed from Stade Français in the Top 14 club competition in France. His usual position is prop. Marconnet has played for France, including representing them at the 2003 Rugby World Cup in Australia. Marconnet made his debut for Stade Français during the 1997–98 season, which was also the year that they were crowned champions of France. Marconnet made his international debut for France on 15 November 1998, in a match against Argentina in Nantes. The match was won by France, 34 points to 14. He played one other test that year, the following week, against the Wallabies at the Stade de France, which was won by Australia. Marconnet played in all of France's 1999 Five Nations Championship. He played in two June tests that year, in games against Tonga and Romania. Stade Français did make it to the final of the domestic championship, which they won, defeating US Colomiers. He did play in three tests in November 2000 though, in a match against Australia, and two against the All Blacks. In 2001 Stade Français were finalists at the 2000–01 Heineken Cup which was lost to the Leicester Tigers in the Parc des Princes, Paris, and he played in all of France's 2001 Six Nations Championship fixtures, and did the same the following season, in the 2002 Six Nations Championship, as well as getting another three caps for France in November of that year. Marconnet's first caps of 2003 came through the 2003 Six Nations Championship, in which he was in the starting line-up in all five matches. Stade Français were also crowned the champions of France in 2003, defeating Stade Toulousain in the final. As the World Cup approached, Marconnet played in a further five tests throughout June and August. He was included in France's 2003 Rugby World Cup squad in Australia. He played in the pool win over Scotland, and came on as a replacement in the win over the United States. He also played in the quarter final win over Ireland, as well as the semi-final loss to England. His final match at the 2003 World Cup was in the third/fourth place play-off against the All Backs. In 2004, Stade Français successfully defending their title as the champions of France, defeating USA Perpignan in the final. Marconnet played in all of France's matches at the 2004 Six Nations Championship, as well as playing a further three tests in November of that year. In 2005, Stade Français played in the final of the 2004–05 Heineken Cup, which they lost to Stade Toulousain, the team were also finalists in the Top 14 final, which Biarritz Olympique won. He was capped 12 times for France that year, playing in the 2005 Six Nations Championship, as well as mid-year tests and end of year tests. He played the first match against Scotland in the 2006 Six Nations Championship, and was used as a replacement", "title": "Sylvain Marconnet" } ]	[ { "docid": "8883736", "text": "Ben Westwood (born 25 July 1981) is an English former rugby league footballer, who played as a or in the Betfred Super League. He played for England at international level, and also represented England Knights and Yorkshire. He started his professional career with the Wakefield Trinity Wildcats in the Super League before moving to the Warrington Wolves in 2002. He made over 400 appearances during his 18 years at the club, and was part of Warrington's 2009, 2010 and 2012 Challenge Cup winning teams. Background Westwood was born in Normanton, West Yorkshire, England. Playing career Early career He began his career at local team Normanton Knights, before being scouted for Wakefield Trinity Wildcats. Club career Wakefield Trinity Wildcats Westwood spent three seasons with Wakefield Trinity Wildcats between 1999 and 2002. Warrington Wolves In June 2002, Westwood was transferred to Warrington Wolves for a fee of £60,000. A talismanic player for Warrington who has been top tackler at the club for the past two seasons and top tackler out of marker for the past three, Westwood was Warrington's Players' Player of the Year and Fans' Player of the Year in 2007. A conversion from the centres to the pack at the start of 2005 transformed his career and pushed him to international honours. He was named in the Super League Dream Team for 2008's Super League XIII. Westwood played in the 2010 Challenge Cup Final victory over the Leeds Rhinos at Wembley Stadium. He also enjoyed a good year in 2011 despite injuries, when the Wire topped the league table. He played in the 2012 Challenge Cup Final victory over the Leeds Rhinos at Wembley Stadium. He played in the 2012 Super League Grand Final defeat by the Leeds Rhinos at Old Trafford. He played in the 2013 Super League Grand Final defeat by the Wigan Warriors at Old Trafford. He played in the 2016 Challenge Cup Final defeat by Hull F.C. at Wembley Stadium. He played in the 2018 Challenge Cup Final defeat by the Catalans Dragons at Wembley Stadium, and played in the 2018 Super League Grand Final defeat by the Wigan Warriors at Old Trafford. In July 2019, Westwood announced he would be retiring at the end of the season. Representative career He was a substitute for Yorkshire against Lancashire in the second game of the expanded County of Origin series in 2002. He won a call up to the Great Britain standby squad for the 2006 Tri-Nations. In September 2008 he was named in the England training squad for the 2008 Rugby League World Cup, and in October 2008 he was named in the final 24-man England squad. In 2011 Westwood has established himself within the elite England squad and featured in all of England's 2011 Four Nations matches. The tournament earned him the reputation of a hard-working and aggressive back-rower who thrives on intensity. He was named in the England squad for the 2013 Rugby League World Cup. References External links Warrington Wolves profile Warrington profile", "title": "Ben Westwood" }, { "docid": "53642972", "text": "Phaidra Knight (born July 4, 1974) is an American former rugby union footballer who was a member of the United States national team from 1999 to 2017. She participated in the 2002, 2006, and 2010 Women's Rugby World Cup, and won All-World Team honors in the first two World Cups. She was named USA Rugby's Player of the Decade in 2010. On October 26, 2017, World Rugby announced that she would be inducted into the World Rugby Hall of Fame on November 10 of that year, with the ceremony held at the Hall's facility in Rugby, England. Knight is an open lesbian sportswoman. Early life Knight was born on July 4, 1974. She grew up on her family's farm near the small town of Irwinton, Georgia. At the age of four, Knight began helping out on the farm in the summer, picking vegetables and hoisting pigs into the trucks. Working on the farm did not get in the way for young Knight to play sports. Knight began playing basketball at the young age of four. She was able to use a portion of her family's field as a basketball court, with her uncle (a basketball player) installing a basketball hoop for her. Although she was already playing basketball Knight had always wanted to play on the midget league football team, but girls were not allowed to play. In her efforts to be as close to the game of football as she could, she joined the midget league cheer leading squad instead. Knight began playing organized sports in middle school, joining the basketball team. She would continue on to play Varsity Basketball in High School along with Varsity Tennis. Rugby After graduating from Wilkinson County High School, Knight went to college at Alabama State University. Knight put aside sports in college to focus on her academics and dream of going to law school. She would go on to attend the University of Wisconsin Law School. Knight entered law school with the intention of getting back into competitive sports, with the intention of trying out for their basketball team. \"I met a young lady at a party and she invited me to try out for rugby,\" Knight recalled. \"I'd never heard of rugby. She characterized it as being like football and soccer. Then she said 'tackle' and I was like 'I'm there.' I went to a practice the next week, and that was it.\" Knight graduated from Wisconsin Law in 1999, making her first U.S. Rugby Team that same year. She played with the USA Rugby team for 12 years, from 1999 to 2013. Recognized as one of the best players in the world in two different positions (prop and flanker). Knight has made three world cup appearances with the USA Women's Rugby team in 2002, 2006 and 2010. Honors and recognition 2003, the only American named to the 2003 World XV team 2002, World Cup All-World Team honors 2006, World Cup All-World Team honors 2010, named USA Rugby Player of the", "title": "Phaidra Knight" }, { "docid": "1825233", "text": "Michael Thomas Burns (born September 14, 1970) is an American former soccer player. During his playing career, he played for Danish club Viborg FF, three MLS teams, as well as the United States national team. Burns was most recently the general manager for the New England Revolution of Major League Soccer. Career Youth Burns was born and raised in Marlborough, Massachusetts. At age six, he began playing soccer in local recreation leagues, but never joined a club team. When he reached high school, he played for Marlborough High School boys' team and was named the 1987 Massachusetts High School Player of the Year. After completing high school, he attended Hartwick College from 1988 to 1991. When he graduated from Hartwick, there were few opportunities for playing soccer professionally in the United States, but Burns continued to play with the U.S. Olympic team as it prepared for the 1992 Summer Olympics. He previously played in the 1987 U16 FIFA World Cup and in the 1989 U-20 FIFA World Cup. The 1989 squad took fourth place in the tournament. Professional In 1995, the MLS began an expansion plan to add new teams to the league. In the 1996 MLS Inaugural Allocations, the MLS assigned Burns to the New England Revolution. In August 1995, the MLS loaned out Burns to Danish club Viborg FF. The Revolution retained his rights and Burns returned to play for the Revolution in 1996. In 1998, Burns earned a place in the MLS All-Star game. In the 1999 off-season, he made several attempts to move back to a European club, trying out with clubs such as Utrecht, Bolton and Hearts. None of the clubs expressed interest in him and Burns returned to the Revolution. In June 2000, the Revolution traded Burns, Dan Calichman and a first round draft pick to the San Jose Earthquakes in exchange for Mauricio Wright. Burns finished the 2000 season with the Earthquakes. However, he did not remain with the team and he was traded in March 2001 to the Kansas City Wizards in return for conditional picks in the 2002 MLS SuperDraft. Burns played two seasons with the Wizards, 2001 and 2002. In 2002, he was chosen to play in the 2002 MLS All-Star Game. At the end of the 2002 season, Burns announced his retirement from professional soccer. Post-Professional On April 10, 2005, Burns was named as the New England Revolution's Director of Soccer. He held this position until 2008, when he was promoted to Vice President of Player Personnel. On November 9, 2011, he was promoted to the General Manager position. Burns was dismissed by New England on May 13, 2019. National team Burns competed in a major tournament on every level: in the U-17 World Championship in 1987, the World Youth Championship in 1989, the Pan American Games in 1991, the Olympic Games in 1992, and the FIFA World Cup, where he was a non-playing squad member in 1994 and then played in 1998. Honors Individual MLS All-Star, 1998 References", "title": "Mike Burns (soccer)" }, { "docid": "6724470", "text": "Katie Sarah Chapman (born 15 June 1982) is an English former professional footballer who notably played for FA WSL clubs Arsenal Ladies and Chelsea Ladies and was a member of the England women's national team. She primarily played as a central midfielder, although she was also deployed in central defence while playing for England. Chapman was described as \"a physical player who handles a brunt of the dirty work in the middle of the pitch.\" Her playing ability, profile and influence have drawn comparisons to former England captain David Beckham. Chapman began her football career playing at primary school in her hometown of Bermondsey. At ten years old, she joined leading women's club Millwall Lionesses. In the 1996–97 season, Chapman made her senior team debut at the age of 14. She became a regular starter in the team and also participated in the 1997 FA Women's Premier League Cup and FA Women's Cup final wins. In the 1998–99 campaign, Chapman won FA Young Player of the Year award. Already a full England international, she left Millwall in 2000 to sign a professional contract with Fulham. She played on the teams that won back-to-back promotions, as well as the 2001–02 Premier League Cup and 2002 FA Women's Cup. In June 2001 Chapman was again named FA Young Player of the Year. After two years with Charlton Athletic from 2004, Chapman joined Arsenal Ladies and reached prominence with the team in her first season, winning a domestic treble as well as the UEFA Women's Cup. She had missed significant sections of the 2002–03 and 2007–08 seasons through pregnancy, and spent a single season with American Women's Professional Soccer team Chicago Red Stars in 2010, before returning to Arsenal Ladies. After another pregnancy truncated her 2013 season, Chapman moved across London to sign for Chelsea Ladies in January 2014. Chapman is a former England U–18 captain. She made her senior international debut aged 17 years in May 2000 in a 2001 UEFA Women's Championship qualification match against Switzerland. The following month, she made her first start against Norway. In March 2002 she netted her first senior international goal in a 4–1 2003 FIFA Women's World Cup qualification against the Netherlands. In her first spell with the national team, Chapman represented England at four major international tournaments; UEFA Euro 2001, UEFA Euro 2005, 2007 FIFA World Cup and UEFA Euro 2009. A two-time winner of the FA International Player of the Year in 2002 and 2010, Chapman took a break from the national team in March 2011 with a total of 82 caps and eight goals. She was recalled to the England squad in February 2014 by new manager Mark Sampson and helped them finish third at the 2015 FIFA World Cup. Club career Millwall Chapman joined Millwall Lionesses as a ten-year-old, and made her first team debut at 14 in 1996–97. That season she helped the Lionesses win an FA Women's Cup and Premier League Cup double. Lou Waller, who scored Millwall's winning", "title": "Katie Chapman" }, { "docid": "72201617", "text": "The 2021 Rugby World Cup final was the final match of the 2021 Rugby World Cup, the ninth edition of the women's Rugby World Cup and the seventh organised by World Rugby for women's national rugby union teams. The match was contested between two-time champions England, and hosts and five-time and defending champions New Zealand on 12 November 2022 at Eden Park in Auckland, New Zealand, postponed from the previous year. This was the fifth time that these two nations met in a Rugby World Cup final, following the 2002, 2006, 2010 and 2017 editions. New Zealand won the Rugby World Cup for a record sixth time, beating England 34–31. New Zealand captain Ruahei Demant was named the player of the match. Background The 2021 Rugby World Cup, the ninth edition of the women's Rugby World Cup, was held in New Zealand between 8 October and 12 November 2022, postponed from 18 September to 18 October 2021. Twelve teams contested the final tournament, playing 26 matches. The top seven placed teams from the 2017 World Cup automatically qualified for the tournament, while the remaining five spots were decided in qualifying rounds between 9 August 2019 and 21 February 2022 from 23 teams. Teams were divided into three pools of four teams, with each team playing each other once in a round-robin format. The top two teams in each pool, plus the two best-ranked third-placed teams, qualified for the quarter-finals, the first time the quarter-finals appeared in the Women's World Cup since 2002. Rights to host the final was awarded to Eden Park, the national stadium of New Zealand that had previously hosted men's Rugby World Cup finals in 1987 and 2011, making it the first venue to host finals in men's and women's Rugby World Cups. It also played host to three pool games on opening day, as well as the semi-finals and third place play-off. England won the tournament on two previous occasions in 1994 and 2014, with New Zealand having won on a record five occasions, in 1998, 2002, 2006, 2010 and 2017. At least one of England and New Zealand have appeared in every Rugby World Cup final, often competing against each other; on only one occasion (the first World Cup in 1991) has neither team been champion. The 2021 final was the 30th match between England and New Zealand. They first played against each other in Burnham, New Zealand, in 1997 where New Zealand won 67–0 (England's biggest defeat); since then, England had won 10 meetings, 18 previous matches were won by New Zealand, and a single game had been drawn in Esher, England, in 2011. Having a long rivalry and being the undisputed strongest teams in the world, the nations met previously in five of the past six World Cups, four of which were finals. The most recent match between them before the 2021 World Cup was played at Franklin's Gardens in Northampton, England, on 7 November 2021, with England winning 56–15 (New Zealand's biggest", "title": "2021 Rugby World Cup final" }, { "docid": "5904373", "text": "Alexander James Williams (born 30 April 1981) is a retired New Zealand professional rugby union player who playled as a lock most notably for Super Rugby club Blues and the New Zealand national team. Williams spent almost all of his playing career in his homeland. At provincial level, he played mainly with Auckland, though he spent one season with Tasman and was also loaned out to Nottingham in England's second-level RFU Championship in 2010. At Super Rugby level, he played for both the Blues and Crusaders. Williams played for New Zealand's national team, the All Blacks, between 2002 and 2012. He was in the All Blacks' squad for the 2003, 2007 and 2011 World Cups. In 2005, NZ Rugby Almanack chose him as one of its five players of the year. Williams spent what were to have been the final two seasons of his career in France with Toulon, playing there from 2013 to 2015. He came out of retirement to play in the 2016/17 season for top French club Racing 92. On 25 February 2017 Williams was arrested in Paris for allegedly buying cocaine. Early life Williams did not begin playing rugby until 1998 when, aged 17 during his time in Greenbank house at King's college. He played for the King's College Second XV. He had already represented Auckland at junior level in soccer, tennis and cricket. In 1999, he was a member of the King's College First XV and at this stage he decided to concentrate on rugby. Williams attributed much of his early success to 1st XV coach Mark Kennelly. He began a business studies course at Auckland University of Technology, but after playing club rugby and spending time at the Auckland Rugby Academy, he was selected to make his first class debut for Auckland in a National Provincial Championship (NPC) match against Taranaki on 24 August 2001. The following year he was named in the Blues squad for the Super 12 and made his debut against the Hurricanes in the opening game of the season, on 22 February 2002. Later that year, he was selected for the All Blacks' year-end tour to , and ; he played in all three Test matches, making his international debut against England at Twickenham on 9 November 2002. Club career Blues In 2007, Williams was one of the 22 players withdrawn from the first half of the Super 14 season to attend a \"conditioning camp\", as part of the All Blacks' World Cup preparations. Although he became available for the Blues in week 8 of the tournament, he was left out of the squad that week, was on the bench in week 9, and did not make his first start of the season until week 10, when the Blues played the Cheetahs. A week later he was back on the bench for the Blues game against the Sharks . A few weeks later, \"for disciplinary reasons\", Williams was left out of the squad to face the Sharks in Durban in", "title": "Ali Williams" }, { "docid": "17464932", "text": "Margunn Haugenes (née Humlestøl; born 25 January 1970) is a Norwegian footballer. She became Olympic champion in 2000. She has won silver medals with the Norway national team, in the World Cup and in the European Championships. Career Haugenes debuted for the Norway women's national football team in 1990 at the age of 20, also moving from her lower-division club Kaupanger IL to the Toppserien club Asker SK. In 1994 she moved to Bergen to play for IL Sandviken, winning the Norwegian Cup competition in 1995. In 1996 she moved to Bjørnar, now Arna-Bjørnar, in the same city, contributing to the team's promotion to the Toppserien and ensuring that it became established at the top level. Haugenes played 79 matches for the national team, gaining the runner-up place in both the World Cup and the European Cup in 1991. She missed the 1999 season due to pregnancy, but she and the team then won Gold at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. Following the Sydney Olympics Haugenes had two seasons at the English club Fulham, and on 6 May 2002 she was in the team that beat Doncaster Belles to win the FA Women's Cup. In 2003, she returned to Norway to play for Amazon Grimstad and eventually retired from football at the end of 2007 after 18 months as player/trainer for the same club. But Haugenes then started playing again for Amazon Grimstad in 2010 when her husband Gaute Haugenes, former trainer at Fulham, took over as the club's chief trainer. In September 2011 she was still playing as a midfielder in the Toppserien at the age of 41. Haugenes works as a teacher and as a TV commentator, and is the assistant trainer of Norway's Under-19 girls' team. She has two children. In 2014, she made another playing comeback with a lower division men's team IL Sørfjell. In 2017 Haugenes was forced to make comeback again because the team that she is coach did not have enough players in the game against Vålerenga. International goals Honours Fulham FA Women's Premier League National Division: 2002–03 FA Women's Cup: 2002, 2003 FA Women's Premier League Cup: 2001–02 References External links 1970 births Living people Norwegian women's footballers Norway women's international footballers Arna-Bjørnar players Fulham F.C. Women players Footballers at the 2000 Summer Olympics Olympic footballers for Norway Olympic gold medalists for Norway Olympic medalists in football 1991 FIFA Women's World Cup players FA Women's National League players Toppserien players Norwegian expatriate women's footballers Expatriate women's footballers in England Norwegian expatriate sportspeople in England SK Brann Kvinner players Asker Fotball (women) players Amazon Grimstad players People from Flora, Norway Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics Women's association football midfielders Medkila IL (women) players Norwegian women's football managers Footballers from Vestland", "title": "Margunn Haugenes" }, { "docid": "2195319", "text": "Guy James Whittall (born 5 September 1972) is a former Zimbabwean international cricketer who played 46 Test matches and 147 One Day Internationals (ODIs) and captained Zimbabwe in four ODIs. He played as an all-rounder and was known as an aggressive middle-order batsman and an effective medium pace bowler. Whittall escaped from a leopard attack on 25 April 2024 with injuries. Early life Whittall born at Chipinge in what was then Rhodesia in 1972. The son of farmers, he was educated at Ruzawi School and then Falcon College where he captained the school cricket XI and played both hockey and rugby union. He was selected for the national schools cricket side aged 16 and toured New Zealand and England. The side was coached by former international David Houghton and they were unbeaten on both tours. His first Logan Cup century came for Zimbabwe Schools against Harare Central, although the tournament did not have first class status at the time. Whittall also played rugby for Zimbabwe schools, playing as a centre. He went on to play for the national side, including going as a squad member to the qualification tournament for the 1995 Rugby World Cup. Cricket career His first-class cricket debut came at the age of 18, playing for Young Zimbabwe. He first played for Zimbabwe against Worcestershire, opening the batting and was selected for the Zimbabwean team to tour England in 1993. Although he would not get a game in England, he was included in the side for the tour to Pakistan later the same year. Whittall made his Test debut in December against Pakistan, scoring 33 runs and taking the wicket of Basit Ali. He made his maiden Test century in his sixth Test, at Harare Sports Club in February 1995, making an unbeaten 113 to help his side to a historic first Test victory against the touring Pakistanis. Two years later he scored Zimbabwe's first double-century, making an unbeaten 203 at Queens Sports Club against New Zealand. Whittall was well short of his double ton when the number 11, Everton Matambanadzo, came in to bat. The New Zealanders did their bit to help, giving field placings designed to give easy singles thus giving Matambanadzo the strike. The milestone eventually came with a boundary through the slips. Against the same opponents in September 2002, Whittall fell just short of registering another double hundred, finishing unbeaten on 188 in controversial circumstances when Pommie Mbangwa was run out with Whittall possibly impeded by Dion Nash. Although he never took a five wicket haul, Whittall took over 50 Test wickets for Zimbabwe. His career best was 4/18 against England. His ODI career included three World Cups, and he did particularly well in 1999 as Zimbabwe made the final six. In 2000, he became the first fielder for Zimbabwe to take four catches in an innings of an ODI References External links 1972 births Living people Alumni of Falcon College Manicaland cricketers Matabeleland cricketers Zimbabwean ODI captains Zimbabwe One Day International cricketers", "title": "Guy Whittall" }, { "docid": "27899966", "text": "The Slovenia national football team have appeared at the FIFA World Cup twice, in 2002 and 2010, being eliminated in the group stage on both occasions. They achieved their first and so far only victory at the World Cup in 2010, when they beat Algeria 1–0 with a goal by Robert Koren. Overall record From 1930 to 1990, Slovenia did not compete at the World Cup as the country was part of Yugoslavia. Since their independence in 1991, Slovenia have qualified for two World Cups and was eliminated in the group stage on both occasions. 2002 FIFA World Cup Slovenia qualified for their first World Cup in 2002 under the management of Srečko Katanec. They suffered a 3–1 defeat to Spain in their opening game. Katanec's decision to substitute midfielder Zlatko Zahovič led to an argument that ended with Zahovič being expelled from the team and sent home, and Katanec announced his intention to resign as manager after the tournament. Slovenia lost their second game 1–0 to South Africa, leaving them unable to qualify from the group. The side's final game ended in a 3–1 defeat to Paraguay. Group B 2010 FIFA World Cup Slovenia were the smallest country in terms of population to qualify for the 2010 World Cup. Under the management of Matjaž Kek, the team qualified for the tournament by winning the two-legged playoff against Russia, despite losing the first leg. Slovenia beat Algeria 1–0 in their opening game, securing their first ever World Cup victory, and drew 2–2 with the United States. This meant that the side only needed a draw in their final group game against England to reach the knockout stage. However, a 1–0 loss to England and a United States victory over Algeria saw Slovenia finish third in the group and fail to advance. Group C Player records Most appearances Slovenia's 2010 squad did not feature a single player from the 2002 tournament, so no player had the chance to play more than three World Cup matches for Slovenia. Goalscorers Five Slovenian players scored one goal each at FIFA World Cups. See also Slovenia at the UEFA European Championship References Countries at the FIFA World Cup World Cup", "title": "Slovenia at the FIFA World Cup" }, { "docid": "2132954", "text": "Gavin Mark Hamilton (born 16 September 1974) is a Scottish former cricketer who played One Day Internationals and Twenty20 Internationals for Scotland and one Test match for England. Life and career He began his senior career in 1993, taking 5–65 in the first innings of his first-class debut, Scotland's annual game against Ireland. He also played a few times that year for Yorkshire's Second XI, making his first-team debut for the county in 1994. He took a few years to become established in the side, but by 1998 was an important team member: that summer he took 59 first-class wickets at 20.54 as well as scoring six fifties, and claimed 34 one-day scalps at 18.94. In 1999, Hamilton represented Scotland in the 1999 World Cup. His place in the squad was announced late, as there had been a possibility that England would select him for their own World Cup squad, but when this did not happen he was free to play for Scotland. He rose to the occasion well, scoring 217 runs in his five One Day Internationals and holding the innings together on several occasions. In 1999–00 England toured South Africa, and this time, Hamilton was included, his World Cup performances for Scotland having impressed the selectors. He played in the first Test at Johannesburg but had a nightmare match as England slumped to an innings defeat: scoring a pair and taking 0–63 with the ball. He was dropped for the second Test and never played for England again. Hamilton's appearance in England's cause had been brief indeed, but was also to prove costly to him personally, as it meant that he would have to re-qualify to play for Scotland, a process that would take four years. Meanwhile, his domestic form, still good in 2000 as he scored his first century (against Hampshire) fell away to such an extent that in 2002 and 2003 combined he played a total of just six first-team games for Yorkshire. Joining Durham for 2004, he gradually made his way back into the reckoning, with an unspectacular yet steady season. Having once again become available for Scotland in January, he was immediately recalled to the national team and in November of that year he played exclusively as a batsman in the ICC Intercontinental Cup final against Canada in Sharjah, making 115 as Scotland won by an innings. In 2005 Hamilton appeared a few times for Durham in the totesport League before being loaned to play for the Scottish Saltires in the same competition later in the year. Hamilton was released from his contract with Durham at the end of the 2005 season and continued to combine his work with Caledonian Breweries with playing for Scotland and the Scottish Saltires. In 2008, while playing against Ireland Hamilton scored his maiden One Day International century. After Scotland's poor performance in the 2009 ICC World Cup Qualifiers, Hamilton was appointed captain of the Scottish One Day International team in April 2009, replacing Ryan Watson. Later, in July", "title": "Gavin Hamilton (cricketer)" }, { "docid": "2807166", "text": "Geert De Vlieger (; born 16 October 1971) is a Belgian former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. Career De Vlieger was born in Dendermonde. He started his career in his home country playing for Anderlecht and Beveren before moving to the Netherlands and playing for Willem II for four years between 2000 and 2004. He played his first international for Belgium in 1999 and won 43 caps for his country. He was the second choice goalkeeper for the UEFA Euro 2000 behind starter Filip De Wilde, but then became the number 1 starter for the 2002 FIFA World Cup replacing the latter after De Wilde's poor performances during the Euro 2000. De Vlieger signed with Manchester City in June 2004, but due to an achilles tendon injury he sustained, he missed the entirety of the 2004–05 season and did not play a single game during his two seasons in England. In June 2006, he signed for Zulte Waregem to make a comeback in the Belgian First Division A. On 30 May 2008, De Vlieger signed a one-year contract with Club Brugge as the backup behind Stijn Stijnen, as former backup Glenn Verbauwhede had been loaned out to Kortrijk. He announced his retirement from football in February 2011 at age 39. Honours Beveren Second Division: 1990–91 Anderlecht Belgian Cup runner-up: 1996–97 Belgium FIFA Fair Play Trophy: 2002 World Cup Individual Best Belgian Footballer Abroad: 2001 Honorary Citizen of Lebbeke: 2017 References External links Living people 1971 births Men's association football goalkeepers Belgian men's footballers Belgium men's international footballers People from Dendermonde Belgian Pro League players Challenger Pro League players Eredivisie players K.S.K. Beveren players R.S.C. Anderlecht players K.R.C. Zuid-West-Vlaanderen players Willem II (football club) players Manchester City F.C. players S.V. Zulte Waregem players Club Brugge KV players UEFA Euro 2000 players 2002 FIFA World Cup players Belgian expatriate men's footballers Expatriate men's footballers in the Netherlands Belgian expatriate sportspeople in the Netherlands Expatriate men's footballers in England Belgian expatriate sportspeople in England Footballers from East Flanders", "title": "Geert De Vlieger" }, { "docid": "17018291", "text": "Jared Barker (born January 10, 1975, in Edmonton, Alberta) is a former rugby union footballer who played professionally in England, as well as internationally for Canada. Barker played mainly at fly-half and make his international debut in 2000 against Tonga, Barker played another two matches that year but did not play in 2001 due to injury. He played again in 2002 to help Canada qualify for the 2003 Rugby World Cup. He played for Canada in two of their matches at the 2003 World Cup; against Italy and New Zealand (the All Blacks). He played his last internationals in 2004. References 1975 births Living people Canada international rugby union players Canadian rugby union players Rugby union fly-halves Sportspeople from Edmonton Rugby union players from Alberta 2003 Rugby World Cup players", "title": "Jared Barker" }, { "docid": "3527461", "text": "Pierre Sanharib Issa (born 11 September 1975) is a South African former professional soccer player who played as a defender. He is the current sporting director of the Greek side Olympiacos. Born in South Africa, Issa is of Lebanese descent and was naturalised as a French citizen at the end of the 1990s. Club career Pierre Issa was born in Germiston, South Africa, in a family of Lebanese Christians. His maternal grandfather was Lebanese consul in Johannesburg. Pierre Issa joined France at 11 years old. He began playing for French semi-professional side Dunkerque. He started his professional career with Marseille in 1995 and went on to play in the 1999 UEFA Cup Final. He became a naturalised French citizen shortly after his arrival in Marseille. He moved to Chelsea on loan in January 2001, although he did not play a competitive game for the London club. He is best known in England for his spell with Watford in 2001–02. Signed by new manager Gianluca Vialli from Marseille, Issa scored once, against Portsmouth. Issa was memorably dropped by his stretcher bearers after an injury in a home game against Birmingham City, and was put on the club's transfer list on 14 February 2002, only five months after he had signed for the club. He never played for Watford again, but played for his country at 2002 FIFA World Cup whilst still contracted to Watford. After leaving Watford, Issa signed for Olympic Beirut and won both Lebanese Premier League and Lebanese FA Cup in his first season with the club, but was released in the 2004–05 season as the club's ownership was changed due to financial considerations. He signed for Ionikos of Greece and later for OFI Crete, also in Greece, where he stayed until 2009. International career Issa played 47 times for South Africa since making his debut on 15 November 1997 against Germany, having also captained his country. In the 1998 FIFA World Cup, during the opening match, he scored two own goals against France. Issa was also selected for the 2002 FIFA World Cup squad. Honours Olympic Beirut Lebanese Premier League: 2003 Lebanese FA Cup: 2003 Individual Lebanese Premier League Team of the Season: 2002–03 References 1975 births Living people Sportspeople from Germiston Soccer players from Gauteng Men's association football defenders White South African people South African people of Lebanese descent Sportspeople of Lebanese descent South African men's soccer players Lebanese men's footballers South Africa men's international soccer players South African expatriate men's soccer players Olympique de Marseille players Expatriate men's footballers in France Expatriate men's footballers in England Expatriate men's footballers in Greece Watford F.C. players Olympic Beirut players Chelsea F.C. players OFI Crete F.C. players Ionikos F.C. players 1998 FIFA World Cup players 2002 FIFA World Cup players 2000 African Cup of Nations players 2002 African Cup of Nations players 2006 Africa Cup of Nations players Ligue 1 players Lebanese Premier League players Super League Greece players USL Dunkerque players", "title": "Pierre Issa" }, { "docid": "2288596", "text": "Mustafa Kemal \"Muzzy\" Izzet (; ; born 31 October 1974) is a former professional footballer who played as a midfielder for Chelsea, Leicester City, Birmingham City. Born in England, he played for the Turkey national team internationally. He was part of the Turkey squad for the 2000 Euros and the squad that won bronze at the 2002 World Cup. Early life His father is a Turkish Cypriot who came to England as a small boy, and his mother is English. His younger brother, Kemal, also became a professional footballer. Club career Leicester City Izzet signed as a schoolboy for Chelsea, but never made a first team appearance during three years at the London club. He moved to Leicester City in March 1996 on loan for the rest of the season. He became a regular in the side, scoring one goal. When Leicester beat Crystal Palace in the play-offs, Izzet was able to make his move permanent for a fee of £800,000. He kept his place in the side for their Premier League season, which was successful for City. They came 9th in the Premier League, and won the League Cup. Izzet formed a partnership in midfield with Neil Lennon, which proved vital for Leicester. In the 1998–99 season, Leicester came 10th in league, and reaching the League Cup final again, but lost out to Tottenham Hotspur. The following season, Leicester came 8th, and again got to the League Cup Final, this time coming up against Tranmere Rovers, of Division One. This year they won 2–1, with Matt Elliott getting both goals. Izzet had been a regular in the side through all of this time. After Martin O'Neill left to become manager of Scottish club Celtic, Izzet remained a Leicester player. His time at Leicester attracted interest from West Ham and Middlesbrough, but he did not leave the club. Despite pledging to stay at Leicester prior to the start of the 2001-02 season, Izzet submitted a transfer request in the autumn of 2001. However, he rejected a move to Middlesbrough as he did not want to be seen to be \"jumping ship\". He issued a plea to Martin O'Neill to sign him in May 2002, remarking that \"only an idiot wouldn't consider joining Celtic.\" Following Leicester's relegation and with the club in administration, Izzet was again linked with Middlesbrough. However, Leicester insisted they would not accept a reduced offer for Izzet, who was valued at £6 million. He withdrew his transfer request in March 2003, with the club securing promotion to the Premier League a month later on 19 April. In January 2004, Leicester rejected £500,000 bids from Aston Villa and Blackburn Rovers for Izzet. Leicester were relegated at the end of the 2003–04 season. Unable to afford Izzet's £30,000 per week wages, the club admitted he was leaving. Izzet was Leicester's standout player during the season, assisting 14 of the club's 48 goals, or 29% of goals scored by the club. Birmingham City Izzet joined Birmingham City in June 2004", "title": "Muzzy Izzet" }, { "docid": "2882476", "text": "Leon Pryce (born 9 October 1981) is a professional rugby League coach who most recently coached Workington Town in League 1 and an English former professional rugby league footballer who played as a and in the 1990s, 2000s and 2010s. A Great Britain and England international back, he previously played for St Helens, with whom he had Challenge Cup, and Super League Championship success, the Catalans Dragons, Hull FC and the Bradford Bulls. He is a product of the Bradford Bulls Academy system. Background Pryce was born in Bradford, Yorkshire, England. Personal life Of Jamaican descent, Pryce comes from a family of rugby league players; he is the older brother of Bradford Bulls player Karl Pryce, and his son, Will Pryce, has also found a profession in rugby league as in 2019 he signed a professional contract with Huddersfield Giants after representing the England U16 international squad against France whilst also scoring a try. His cousin, Steve Pryce, has coached in Jamaica, and he is also the cousin of Featherstone Rovers player Waine Pryce. Playing career Bradford Bulls At age 16, Pryce captained the England schools side. Pryce came through the academy ranks at Bradford Bulls, after the club signed him from amateur side Queensbury in Bradford. Pryce played for Bradford on the wing in the 1999 Super League Grand Final which was lost to St. Helens. He made his full début for England against France in 1999, and has also represented his home county of Yorkshire. Pryce played for Bradford on the wing in their 2001 Super League Grand Final victory against the Wigan. As Super League VI champions, Bradford played against 2001 NRL Premiers, the Newcastle Knights in the 2002 World Club Challenge. Pryce was selected for the substitutes bench in Bradford's victory. Later that year Pryce played for Bradford from the substitutes bench in their 2002 Super League Grand Final loss against St. Helens. In 2003, Pryce received 120 hours community service for unlawful wounding, after attacking former Bulls' fitness conditioner Eddie McGuinness with a glass. He played for Bradford from the substitutes bench in their 2003 Super League Grand Final victory against the Wigan. Having won Super League VIII, Bradford played against 2003 NRL Premiers, Penrith Panthers in the 2004 World Club Challenge. Pryce played at stand-off half back and scored a try in Bradford's 22–4 victory. He played for Bradford on the wing and scored a try in their 2005 Super League Grand Final victory against Leeds, winning the Harry Sunderland Award for a Man of the Match performance. St Helens After Bradford did not renew his contract in 2005, in 2006 Pryce joined St. Helens. One of the key issues in the decision was that he would start at stand off, a position Pryce has long coveted. Pryce won his first trophy with St Helens in August 2006, defeating Huddersfield in the Challenge Cup Final at Twickenham. St Helens reached the 2006 Super League Grand final to be contested against Hull FC, and Pryce", "title": "Leon Pryce" }, { "docid": "1510055", "text": "Vincent Philippe Antoine Candela (born 24 October 1973) is a French former professional footballer who played as a full-back; he is most well-known for his time playing for Italian club Roma. Candela earned 40 caps for the France national team and was part of the squads that won the 1998 FIFA World Cup and UEFA Euro 2000. Early life Candela was born in Bédarieux, Hérault. Club career At club level, Candela played football in France with Toulouse (1992–95) and Guingamp (1995–97), before moving to Italian side AS Roma (1997–2005). He won one scudetto with Roma, as well as the Supercoppa Italiana, in 2001, also helping the club to the 2003 Coppa Italia Final. He later joined English side Bolton Wanderers (2005), before returning to Italy to play for Udinese (2005–2006), and Siena (2006–2007), as well as spending a spell on loan with Messina (2007). On 28 January 2007 he played his last Serie A match for Messina against Ascoli. International career For France, Candela was capped 40 times between 1996 and 2003, scoring two goals. His playing time was often limited by Bixente Lizarazu, but he did play in one match during France's 1998 FIFA World Cup triumph on home soil. During France's triumphant Euro 2000 campaign, Candela played two matches, both as a starter. He also played for France at the 1996 Summer Olympic Games, and at the 2002 FIFA World Cup. Style of play Candela was a quick, offensive-minded, and technically skilled left wingback, who was effective at joining the attack as well as being capable in defence, due to his intelligence and tenacity. Although he preferred playing on the left flank, he was naturally right-footed, and was also capable of playing on the right, both as a full-back, and as a winger, and was an accurate crosser and set-piece taker. Career statistics Club International goals Scores and results list France's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Candela goal. Honours Guingamp UEFA Intertoto Cup: 1996 Roma Serie A: 2000–01 Supercoppa Italiana: 2001 France FIFA World Cup: 1998 UEFA European Championship: 2000 Individual AS Roma Hall of Fame: 2014 Orders Knight of the Legion of Honour: 1998 References External links Bolton Wanderers Profile at Burnden Aces 1973 births Living people People from Bédarieux Footballers from Hérault French men's footballers France men's under-21 international footballers France men's international footballers Men's association football defenders Ligue 1 players Toulouse FC players En Avant Guingamp players AS Roma players Premier League players Bolton Wanderers F.C. players Siena FC SSD players ACR Messina players Udinese Calcio players Serie A players Expatriate men's footballers in England Expatriate men's footballers in Italy French expatriate men's footballers Olympic footballers for France Footballers at the 1996 Summer Olympics 1998 FIFA World Cup players UEFA Euro 2000 players FIFA World Cup-winning players European champions for France 2002 FIFA World Cup players UEFA European Championship-winning players Knights of the Legion of Honour Association football people awarded knighthoods", "title": "Vincent Candela" }, { "docid": "10137468", "text": "Isa Tara Guha (born 21 May 1985) is a British cricket commentator, television and radio cricket broadcaster, and a former England cricketer who played in the 2005 World Cup and the 2009 World Cup. She cites winning the World Cup in 2009 as a career highlight. She played as a right-arm medium bowler and right-handed batter. She appeared in 8 Test matches, 83 One Day Internationals and 22 Twenty20 Internationals for England between 2001 and 2011. She played domestic cricket for Thames Valley and Berkshire. Early years and education Guha was born in High Wycombe, England. Her parents emigrated to the United Kingdom from Calcutta, West Bengal, India, in the 1970s. Guha started playing cricket with her older brother when she was about eight and was selected for the Development England side at 13. She went to Wycombe High School, a grammar school for girls. Guha graduated with a degree in biochemistry and molecular biology and gained an MPhil in neuroscience, both at University College London. Cricket career A right arm fast-medium bowler, Guha made her Test debut at 17 against India during their tour in 2002. As part of the same tour, Guha played in the 2002 Women's Tri-Series, and performed well, taking three wickets in England's loss against New Zealand in the final. She was the first woman of Indian heritage to play for England. In 2002, Guha was named BBC Asian Network Sports Personality of the Year. Her best bowling in 44 One-Day Internationals is the 5 for 14 she took against the West Indies in 2008. As of 31 December 2008, she was ranked the number one bowler in the ICC Women's One Day International rankings. She took a career best 5 for 40 in her seventh Test match, against Australia at the Bradman Oval in Bowral in February 2008 and took nine wickets in the match, winning the player of the match award as England retained the Ashes. She was part of the England team which won the 2009 World Cup. She announced her retirement from international cricket on 9 March 2012, although she said she would continue to play county cricket for Berkshire. Guha, along with Lynsey Askew, shared the world record partnership for the ninth wicket – 73 runs – in Women's ODI history from 2007 until 2024. Media work Guha writes a column for the BBC Sport website and is a Test Match Special commentator. She joined ITV Sport in April 2012 as a co-presenter of ITV4's coverage of the Indian Premier League. In 2016, Guha was a member of the inaugural Triple M radio Test cricket commentary team in Australia. In 2018, she was a commentator for Sky Sports for the England/Pakistan Test matches, and was named as a commentator for Fox Cricket for their Australian cricket coverage. She was also a member of the commentary team at the 2019 Cricket World Cup. In 2020 she was the lead presenter of a new BBC TV Test and ODI highlights show. In", "title": "Isa Guha" }, { "docid": "5306010", "text": "On 1 September 2001 Germany met England during the qualifying stages of the 2002 World Cup, at the Olympiastadion in Munich. England won the game 5–1, helped by a hat-trick from Michael Owen. This was also the last match Germany played at the Olympiastadion in Munich. Background Previous meetings The two sides had met on many important occasions. They had played in the 1966 World Cup Final at Wembley Stadium, in which England had beaten West Germany 4–2 after extra time. Four years later, in the quarter-final of the 1970 World Cup in Mexico, England failed to hold on to a 2–0 lead, losing 3–2 after extra time. West Germany then defeated England in the semi-final of the 1990 World Cup, this time on penalties. In Euro 1996, Germany again defeated England in a semi-final on penalties. England had beaten Germany in June 2000, during the Euro 2000 competition, with a 1–0 win at the Stade du Pays de Charleroi in Belgium. Alan Shearer had scored the winning goal in the twilight of his international career. Before that match, England had not beaten Germany/West Germany in competitive football since the 1966 FIFA World Cup Final. The previous meeting between the two teams had been in October 2000, in the final match at the old Wembley stadium; that match ended with a 1–0 victory for Germany, with a goal from Dietmar Hamann. England's manager Kevin Keegan resigned after that game. Tournament status The game was part of the qualifying tournament for the 2002 World Cup. Germany were the clear group leaders in the qualifying tournament before the game. With only the group winners advancing directly to the World Cup, the qualifying group table was: A German victory would have confirmed their qualification and seen England competing with Greece and Finland for a place in the play-offs. A draw would have resulted in Germany requiring just another draw from their final game, and England requiring two victories, a German loss, and an improvement in their goal difference. Germany had lost just one of their previous sixty qualification games, in qualification for the 1986 World Cup, and had been unbeaten at the Munich Olympic stadium since 1973. Indeed, the German Football Association were so confident that Germany would finish at the top of the qualifying table that they had arranged friendlies on the dates of the play-offs. England named four strikers in their squad, with Robbie Fowler and Andy Cole having started the recent friendly with the Netherlands. However, Sven-Göran Eriksson recalled the in-form Michael Owen and his strike partner Emile Heskey in an attacking line-up for the match in Munich. Match First half The match was an evening game, and began nervously, with both teams attempting to maintain possession. However, after just six minutes, Germany scored when Oliver Neuville headed down a lofted pass into England's penalty area, and Carsten Jancker tapped the ball past the England goalkeeper David Seaman. The lead did not last long, and after Michael Owen was fouled", "title": "2001 Germany v England football match" }, { "docid": "1050322", "text": "Joe-Max Moore (born February 23, 1971) is an American former soccer player. He played professionally for clubs in Germany, England and the United States. He finished his career with the New England Revolution of Major League Soccer. In addition to his club career, Moore earned 100 caps, scoring 24 goals, for the U.S. national team between 1992 and 2002. During those years, he was part of U.S. teams at the 1992 Summer Olympics and the 1994, 1998 and 2002 FIFA World Cups. On April 4, 2013, Moore was elected to the National Soccer Hall of Fame. Early life Moore was born in Tulsa, Oklahoma, the son of Corey Moore, and Tulsa oil man and business man, Carl Moore. Moore's father also happened to be a part-owner of the Tulsa Roughnecks of the North American Soccer League. He moved to Irvine, California when he was 14, and played boys' soccer at Mission Viejo High School where he was a four-year starter. Heavily recruited out of high school, he chose to play NCAA soccer at UCLA. While at UCLA, he played with future national team teammates Brad Friedel, Chris Henderson and Cobi Jones. As a freshman, he scored 11 goals, assisted on ten others and was named to the Soccer America Magazine's All-Freshman team. That year, UCLA won the NCAA championship, defeating Rutgers in penalty kicks. As a sophomore, he earned second team All-American honors and was a first team All-American as a junior. That season, his final year with UCLA, he led the team in scoring. At the end of his three-year collegiate career, he had scored a total of 38 goals and assisted on 24 others in 65 games. Moore was inducted into the UCLA Athletics Hall of Fame on October 11, 2014. Career Years in Germany In July 1994, USSF loaned Moore to German Second Division club 1. FC Saarbrücken. At the time, Moore was a part of the U.S. team at the 1994 FIFA World Cup, but did not appear in any matches. With a lull in national team games following the World Cup, USSF decided to move several players overseas. Saarbrücken would end up buying Moore's contract from USSF for $250,000. In Moore's single season with Saarbrücken, he played 25 games, leading the club with 13 goals. At the end of the season, Saarbrücken transferred Moore to fellow Second Division club 1. FC Nürnberg. He again led his team in scoring with eight goals. New England Revolution In 1996, Major League Soccer (MLS) was in the process of building teams for its upcoming first season. As part of that process, MLS attempted to ensure an initial equitable distribution of talent across each of its teams. It did this by allocating known players to each team. MLS allocated Giuseppe Galderisi to the New England Revolution. However, he showed up injured and played poorly through his first four games, so MLS replaced him with Moore on the Revolution roster on July 24, 1996. Moore had an exceptional four-year tour", "title": "Joe-Max Moore" }, { "docid": "315377", "text": "Martin Osborne Johnson CBE (born 9 March 1970) is an English retired rugby union player who represented and captained England and Leicester in a career spanning 16 seasons. He captained England to victory in the 2003 Rugby World Cup, and is regarded as one of the greatest locks ever to have played, and one of England's greatest ever players. Johnson made his debut for Leicester Tigers in 1989 and in 1993 debuted for as well as being a late call up to the 1993 British Lions tour to New Zealand. He was a try scorer in the final when Leicester won the 1993 Pilkington Cup and a member of the side which won the 1994-95 Courage League. Johnson was an ever-present as England won the Grand Slam in the 1995 Five Nations Championship. In 1997 he was named as captain for the victorious British Lions tour to South Africa, in 2001 he became the first man to captain the Lions twice as he led the 2001 British & Irish Lions tour to Australia. He became England captain in 1999 and led the side in 39 matches, the third most ever. He was captain as England reached the quarter finals of the 1999 Rugby World Cup, won the Grand Slam in the 2003 Six Nations Championship and as England won the 2003 Rugby World Cup. The 2003 Rugby World Cup Final was his 84th and final international match. During his club career he played 362 games for Leicester, his only senior club, and as well as the cup in 1993 and the league in 1995, he was also captain of the side as they won the 1997 Pilkington Cup and four consecutive Premiership titles between 1999–2002, and became the first side to retain the European Cup, winning in 2001 and 2002. His final season was in 2004–05. On 1 July 2008 he became the England team manager. Under his management England won the 2011 Six Nations Championship, their first since 2003. He left the post in November 2011 following England's quarter final defeat at the 2011 Rugby World Cup and has not taken another management position in the game since. Early life Johnson was born in Shirley, Solihull, the second of three brothers – his younger brother Will is a former back row forward for Leicester. At the age of seven, his family moved to Market Harborough, Leicestershire, where Martin attended Ridgeway Primary School, Welland Park School and Robert Smyth School. Early career Johnson briefly played American football for the Leicester Panthers as a tight end or defensive end. In 1989 he was approached by former All Black Colin Meads to try out for the King Country side in New Zealand. Johnson's trial run was successful and he played two seasons for King Country. In 1990 he was even selected for the New Zealand under-21 side which went on a tour of Australia playing a side that included another of the all-time great lock forwards, John Eales. Playing career 1989-92: Club", "title": "Martin Johnson (rugby union)" }, { "docid": "27699293", "text": "Jonah Lomu was an international rugby union winger who played for New Zealand between 1994 and 2002. He scored a total of 37 tries in 63 international appearances, which makes him the sixth highest try scorer for New Zealand and the eighteenth highest on the all-time list. Lomu held alone the record for the most tries scored in the Rugby World Cup (15 in 11 matches at the 1995 and 1999 tournaments), until South Africa's Bryan Habana equalled his tally at the 2015 tournament. Lomu made his debut for New Zealand in June 1994 against France. He scored his first international try in his third appearance, scoring twice against Ireland in New Zealand's opening game of the 1995 Rugby World Cup. This was followed with a try against Scotland in the quarter-finals and four tries against England in the semi-finals—the most Lomu would score in a single match. He was, however, unable to score a try in the final, as South Africa beat New Zealand to win the trophy. Lomu played 13 times against South Africa during his career, but failed to score a try against them. The only other \"Tier 1\" national team against which Lomu did not score a try was Wales. Lomu finished 1995 with 12 international tries, his highest tally in a single year. After two tries in 1996, including one in the inaugural Tri Nations Series, Lomu was unable to score in three appearances during 1997. At the 1999 Rugby World Cup, he scored in each of New Zealand's group stage matches against Tonga, England and Italy. He followed this with a try against Scotland in the quarter-finals and two tries in the semi-finals, as New Zealand lost to France. Lomu's tally of eight tries in this tournament is a World Cup record, although it has since been equalled by Habana in the 2007 tournament and Lomu's countryman Julian Savea in the 2015 tournament. Lomu scored four tries in 2000, including a hat-trick against Scotland at Carisbrook and a try against Australia in the Tri Nations. This was followed by five tries in 2001, once again with a try against Australia in the Tri Nations. Lomu's final international tries came in November 2002, when he scored twice against England at Twickenham. Two weeks later, he made his last international appearance against Wales at the Millennium Stadium. Lomu retired from professional rugby in 2007 due to a chronic kidney disorder. After suffering a heart attack on 18 November 2015 that was associated with his kidney condition, Lomu died at the age of 40. International tries In the Score column, New Zealand's score is given first. References Lomu International tries by Lomu International tries by Lomu", "title": "List of international rugby union tries by Jonah Lomu" }, { "docid": "19554728", "text": "Lauren Patricia Griffiths (born 14 February 1987) is an English former cricketer who played as a wicket-keeper and right-handed batter. She represented England in all three formats of the game, playing 1 Test match, 5 One Day Internationals and 5 Twenty20 Internationals. She played domestic cricket for Kent and Cheshire. Early life Griffiths was born on 14 February 1987 in Chester, Cheshire. Domestic career In county cricket, Griffiths played for Cheshire from 2002 to 2013, captaining them from 2007 to 2011. On 23 June 2013 she made her county high score of 59 and took her best bowling figures of 3 wickets for 25 runs in a County Championship match against Devon. Griffiths moved to Kent ahead of the 2014 season. She helped the county win the County Championship in 2014, 2016 and 2019 as well as the Twenty20 Cup in 2016. She formally collected the 2019 County Championship trophy on behalf of the Kent team in a ceremony at the House of Lords on 3 March 2020. She also played for Sapphires in the now-defunct Super Fours competition. Griffiths was named in the Loughborough Lightning squad for the 2016 Women's Cricket Super League but she did not play a match. International career At the age of 21, Griffiths received her first England call-up for the 2009 Women's Cricket World Cup. England won the tournament but she did not feature in any matches. Griffiths made her England debut in a One Day International against Sri Lanka at Nondescripts Cricket Club Ground, Colombo on 15 November 2010, scoring seven runs and taking one catch as England won by 5 runs. She played in four further One Day Internationals, all in late 2010 and early 2011. Griffiths made her Twenty20 International debut against Australia at Adelaide Oval on 12 January 2011. She played in all five Twenty20 Internationals of the series but did not appear in any future matches in the format. Griffiths' sole Test match was the Ashes Test against Australia at Bankstown Oval, Sydney on 22 January 2011. Australia won by 7 wickets to regain the Ashes. This was her last match for England. References External links 1987 births English women cricketers Cheshire women cricketers Kent women cricketers England women One Day International cricketers Cricketers from Chester Living people Loughborough Lightning cricketers England women Twenty20 International cricketers England women Test cricketers Wicket-keepers", "title": "Lauren Griffiths" }, { "docid": "5321864", "text": "is a Japanese former footballer who played as a forward. He played for Japan national team. Club career Nishizawa was born in Shizuoka on 18 June 1976. After graduating from Shimizu Higashi High School, he joined Cerezo Osaka in 1995. He moved to Spanish club Espanyol in December 2000. In July 2001, he moved to English club Bolton Wanderers. During his brief spell playing Bolton Wanderers, he is best remembered for scoring a dramatic late equaliser against Walsall in the League Cup. In 2002, he returned to Cerezo Osaka was relegated to J2 League from 2002. The club won the 2nd place in 2002 and was promoted to J1 League. In 2006, the club was relegated to J2 League. He moved to his local club Shimizu S-Pulse in 2007. He returned to Cerezo Osaka in 2009 and he retired end of 2009 season. International career On 21 May 1997, Nishizawa debuted for Japan national team against South Korea. Although he played four games and scored two goals at 1998 World Cup qualification in 1997, he was not selected Japan for 1998 World Cup. In 2000, he played for Japan for the first time in three years. At 2000 Asian Cup in October, he played all six games and scored five goals. Japan won the champions. At 2001 Confederations Cup, he also played four games and scored one goal. Japan achieved second place. He was selected Japan for 2002 World Cup and played one game. This match was his last game for Japan. He played 29 games and scored 10 goals for Japan until 2002. Career statistics Club International Scores and results list Japan's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Nishizawa goal. Honours Japan FIFA Confederations Cup runner-up: 2001 AFC Asian Cup: 2000 Individual J1 League Best Eleven: 2000 References External links Japan National Football Team Database 1976 births Living people Japanese men's footballers Japan men's international footballers Japanese expatriate men's footballers Japanese expatriate sportspeople in England Japanese expatriate sportspeople in the Netherlands Japanese expatriate sportspeople in Spain Expatriate men's footballers in the Netherlands Expatriate men's footballers in Spain Expatriate men's footballers in England J1 League players J2 League players La Liga players Cerezo Osaka players FC Volendam players RCD Espanyol footballers Bolton Wanderers F.C. players Shimizu S-Pulse players 2000 AFC Asian Cup players 2001 FIFA Confederations Cup players 2002 FIFA World Cup players AFC Asian Cup-winning players Men's association football forwards Association football people from Shizuoka (city)", "title": "Akinori Nishizawa" }, { "docid": "5974129", "text": "Tahar El Khalej (pronounced Taher Lakhlej ) (born 16 June 1968) is a retired Moroccan footballer who played as a defender. Club career Born in Marrakech, El Khalej started at Kawkab Marrakech in 1990, spending four seasons there, helping them win one league title and two national cups. In 1994, he moved to Portugal to sign with UD Leiria, which was, at the time, recently promoted to the first tier. Making his debut on 22 October 1994, against Vitória de Guimarães, he was frequently used as a midfielder alongside Mário Artur and Abel. After two seasons in Leiria, El Khalej joined Benfica in 1997. He made his debut on 9 September 1997 and went on to amass nearly 100 appearances, 72 in the league, without winning any silverware. With the arrival of Jupp Heynckes, El Khalej lost influence and made only 4 league appearances, two as a substitute in the 1999–2000 season, so he moved to Southampton in March 2000 for £350,000, as Glenn Hoddle's first signing for his new club, although the deal had already been arranged by Dave Jones. He scored on his debut in a 7–2 defeat against Tottenham Hotspur on 11 March 2000. Faced with stiff competition as a central defender from Claus Lundekvam and Dean Richards, he was later employed in a midfield role. One of his more notable moments was during a match against Newcastle on 12 May 2002, where he made a reckless lunge on Kieron Dyer , which earned him a straight red card. Dyer was injured for months afterwards and threatened Tahar with legal action if he had missed the 2002 World Cup, which did not happen. In January 2003, El Khalej moved to Charlton Athletic on a six-month deal after 65 appearances for the Saints, scoring four goals. At the end of the season, he returned to Morocco, retiring from professional football. He, then, worked as president of Kawkab Marrakech in 2005–06 when they played in the Moroccan 2nd division, achieving promotion to the Moroccan first division before he left the club. International career He played for the Morocco national football team and was a participant at the 1994 FIFA World Cup and at the 1998 FIFA World Cup. Personal life He is married and has two sons, Yassine and Ahmed. References External links 1968 births Living people Footballers from Marrakesh Moroccan men's footballers Moroccan expatriate men's footballers Morocco men's international footballers 1992 African Cup of Nations players 1994 FIFA World Cup players 1998 FIFA World Cup players 1998 African Cup of Nations players 2000 African Cup of Nations players Botola players U.D. Leiria players S.L. Benfica footballers Southampton F.C. players Charlton Athletic F.C. players Premier League players Primeira Liga players Expatriate men's footballers in England Expatriate men's footballers in Portugal Moroccan expatriate sportspeople in England Moroccan expatriate sportspeople in Portugal KAC Marrakech players Men's association football fullbacks Mediterranean Games bronze medalists for Morocco Mediterranean Games medalists in football Competitors at the 1991 Mediterranean Games", "title": "Tahar El Khalej" }, { "docid": "48743153", "text": "Anne Margaret Linehan (born 7 October 1973) is a Northern Irish former cricketer who played as a left-handed batter and wicket-keeper. She appeared in one Test match and 60 One Day Internationals (ODIs) for Ireland between 1989 and 2008. She has the seventh longest career in ODI matches. Linehan was born in Downpatrick, Northern Ireland, and played most of her club cricket for Downpatrick Cricket Club. She made her international debut at the 1989 European Cup in Denmark, and took four wickets at the tournament, including 2/28 against England. Linehan initially played as an all-rounder, bowling right-arm medium pace, but after the 1990 European Cup did not bowl again at international level. At the 1991 edition of the tournament, hosted by the Netherlands, she made her debut as Ireland's wicket-keeper. However, after that she did not again appear for the national team until 1995, missing the opportunity to play at the 1993 World Cup. At the 1995 European Cup, Linehan scored two half-centuries – 74 against Denmark and 56 against the Netherlands – with only her teammate Mary-Pat Moore scoring more runs. Against Denmark, she and Moore put on 181 runs for the opening wicket, an Irish record. Although by then a regular in Ireland's team, Linehan did not play at the 1997 World Cup in India. During the late 1990s, she often played solely as a batsman, with Sandra Dawson taking on the wicket-keeping duties. In July 2000, Linehan was selected in Ireland's squad for its inaugural (and, so far, only) Test match, against Pakistan. She made 27 not out batting fifth in Ireland's only innings, as her team won by an innings and 54 runs. Linehan finally made her World Cup debut at the 2000 event in New Zealand, playing in all seven of her team's matches. Against the Netherlands, she scored the third and final half-century of her ODI career, 54 runs from 68 balls. Linehan was appointed Ireland's captain for the 2002 season, and during that time skippered the side in five ODIs – three against New Zealand and two against India. She played a second World Cup for Ireland in 2005, and finished her international career at the 2008 World Cup Qualifier, aged 34. Linehan played 60 ODIs during her career, ranking her fifth for her country, and scored 699 runs, ranking her seventh. References External links 1973 births Living people Ireland women One Day International cricketers Ireland women Test cricketers Ireland women Twenty20 International cricketers Irish women cricketers Sportspeople from Downpatrick Cricketers from County Down Irish women cricket captains Wicket-keepers Sportswomen from Northern Ireland", "title": "Anne Linehan" }, { "docid": "229976", "text": "David Andrew Seaman (born 19 September 1963) is an English former footballer who played as a goalkeeper. In a career lasting from 1981 to 2004, he is best known for his time playing for Arsenal. He won 75 caps for England, and is the country's second-most capped goalkeeper, after Peter Shilton. In 1997, he was awarded the MBE for services to football. The peak of Seaman's career was during his period as Arsenal and England goalkeeper in the 1990s and early 2000s. During his time at Arsenal, he won three league championships (1991, 1998, 2002), four FA Cups (1993, 1998, 2002, 2003), the League Cup in 1993 and the European Cup Winners Cup in 1994. During this time he also played for England in the 1998 and 2002 FIFA World Cups, and Euro 96 and Euro 2000. As well as Arsenal, he also played in the Premier League for Manchester City, as well as making appearances in the Football League for Peterborough United, Birmingham City and Queens Park Rangers. His save from Paul Peschisolido of Sheffield United in the 2002–03 FA Cup semi-final was described in the media as one of the best ever. Notable lows came with two costly errors, both from long-range efforts—conceding a last-minute goal in the 1995 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup Final to Nayim of Real Zaragoza, and conceding to a Ronaldinho free kick against Brazil in the 2002 FIFA World Cup quarter-final. Seaman is left-handed, but threw the ball with his right arm and kicked with his right foot. He retired in 2004 due to a recurring shoulder injury. In June 2012, he was appointed goalkeeping coach of Combined Counties League club Wembley. Club career Early career Seaman was born in Rotherham, West Riding of Yorkshire. He attended Kimberworth Comprehensive School. He began his career at Leeds United, the club he supported as a boy. However (much to his disappointment), he was not wanted by then-manager Eddie Gray, who had been his favourite player. Seaman went to Fourth Division club Peterborough United for a £4,000 fee in August 1982, where he began to make a name for himself. Just over two years later, in October 1984, Second Division Birmingham City paid £100,000 for Seaman's services. They ended up being promoted at the end of that season, but were relegated again at the end of the following season. Seaman was not to follow them back to the Second Division, as in August 1986, he moved to Queens Park Rangers for £225,000. Playing for a higher profile club on a plastic pitch, he would be called up by the England national football team for the first time in November 1988. Whilst at QPR, Seaman was coached by Bob Wilson (Arsenal's double-winner in 1971), who was to work with him for more than a decade. Arsenal In 1990, long before the current transfer window system had come to English football, there was still a transfer deadline a few weeks before the end of the season. Arsenal, who had", "title": "David Seaman" }, { "docid": "24994952", "text": "Luke Goodwin (born 18 January 1973) is a former professional rugby league footballer who played in Australia and England and represented Aotearoa Māori in 2000. Background He is the son of rugby league legend, Edward 'Lord Ted' Goodwin who represented Australia. He is also the elder brother of fellow players, Bronx, Bryson and Grayson. Playing career Goodwin played in both Australia (NRL - Canberra Raiders '91, Penrith Panthers '92, Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs '93-'95, Western Reds '96, Western Suburbs Magpies '99) and England (Super League - Oldham Bears '97, London Broncos '98). Goodwin began his career joining the Canberra Raiders in 1991 but did not play any first grade. In 1992 he joined the Penrith Panthers where he played ten first grade games. His 1992 stat ended up scoring two tries and booting two goals for 12 points. In 1993 he joined the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs. He played 14 first grade games in 1993 and then got dropped to reserve grade for the rest of the 1993 season. In 1994 he only played one first grade game and was dropped back to reserve grade for the rest of the 1994 season. In 1995 he joined the Parramatta Eels and did not play any first grade. In 1996 he joined the Western Reds where he played 3 first grade games. In 1997 he went over to England and joined the Oldham Bears. In 1998 he joined the London Broncos where he played 12 games. In 1999 he returned to Australia and joined the Western Suburbs Magpies where he played five first grade games. He played one Cap of International Rugby League, it was at the 2000 Rugby League World Cup for New Zealand Maori where he booted two goals and he played one game of Representative Rugby League for NSW Country in 1993. Representative career Goodwin played for the NSW Country team in the City vs Country Origin match in 1993. Goodwin also represented New Zealand Māori in 1999 and 2000, at the World Cup. He made a cameo appearance off the bench in a match against Fii in 2006. Coaching career Since 2002 he has been involved with the New South Wales Māori Rugby League programme. In 2008 he coached the Southern Sharks in the Jim Beam Cup. In 2008 he was the coach of the New Zealand Māori side which played in the opening game of the 2008 World Cup. Goodwin coached the Port Kembla Club in the Illawarra District Rugby League in 2002 & 2003, reaching the finals both years. References External links Statistics at rugbyleagueproject.org Statistics at orl-heritagetrust.org.uk 1973 births Living people Australian people of Māori descent Australian rugby league coaches Australian rugby league players Australian expatriate rugby league players in England Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs players Country New South Wales Origin rugby league team players London Broncos players New Zealand Māori rugby league players New Zealand Māori rugby league team coaches New Zealand Māori rugby league team players Oldham R.L.F.C. players Penrith Panthers players Rugby league five-eighths Rugby league fullbacks Western", "title": "Luke Goodwin" }, { "docid": "1013073", "text": "Shalrie Jamal Joseph (born May 24, 1978) is a Grenadian former professional footballer and coach. Youth and College Joseph moved to Brooklyn, New York with his family as a teenager. He played college soccer at Bryant & Stratton College and St. John's University, New York, graduating in 2002. Playing career Professional New England Joseph was drafted fourteenth overall in the 2002 MLS SuperDraft by the New England Revolution, but did not join the team until the 2003 season, having spent much of 2002 searching for a club overseas and later playing for the New York Freedom of USL D-3 Pro League. Upon joining the Revolution, Joseph quickly proved himself to be one of the most talented defensive midfielders in the league. He was named to the MLS Best XI in 2005. In August 2006, Joseph had a $1 million offer from Celtic F.C., but MLS rejected the offer. In January 2007, another offer of $2 million from Celtic was also rejected by MLS. In 2008, he started and played the entire MLS All-Star Game versus West Ham United. The All-stars won that game 3–2, making them 5–0 all time against foreign teams. He became the Revolution's captain in 2010 after previous captain Steve Ralston left the Revolution to join AC St. Louis. Later in 2010, Joseph took a leave of absence from the team while he was involved in the Major League Soccer substance abuse and behavioral health program. Joseph returned to the Revolution at the end of May. The Revolution signed Joseph to a Designated Player contract for the 2012 season. Later career On August 1, 2012, Joseph was traded to Chivas USA in exchange for Blair Gavin, a second round pick in the 2013 MLS SuperDraft, and allocation money. On February 19, 2013, Joseph was traded to Seattle Sounders FC along with second round picks in the 2014 MLS SuperDraft and 2015 MLS SuperDraft, and a swap in allocation order. In April 2014, Joseph rejoined the New England Revolution. On May 21, 2016, Joseph signed up to play with Premier Development League side FC Boston. International Joseph was a member of the Grenada national team, for whom he has played for in the Caribbean Cup, the 2009 CONCACAF Gold Cup, and World Cup qualifiers. Coaching Joseph became head coach of Grenada national football team in March 2018. In March 2020, Joseph returned to the United States and joined his former club the New England Revolution in a coaching role. Personal Joseph earned his U.S. citizenship in 2009. Honors New England Revolution North American SuperLiga: 2008 Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup: 2007 Individual MLS Best XI: 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009 References External links 1978 births Living people Grenadian men's footballers Grenadian expatriate men's footballers New York Freedom (soccer) players New England Revolution players Chivas USA players Seattle Sounders FC players Boston Bolts (USL) players Grenada men's international footballers St. John's Red Storm men's soccer players 2009 CONCACAF Gold Cup players 2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup players People from St. George's,", "title": "Shalrie Joseph" }, { "docid": "49385279", "text": "This article concerns the Germany national football team at the 2002 FIFA World Cup in South Korea and Japan. Qualification Germany had to play against England, Finland, Albania and Greece, managed by fellow German Otto Rehhagel. It was to be an uneasy group, so much so as only the first placed team could qualify automatically. The start was promising with four wins in a row, including a 1-0 win against England at Wembley. Since England could only manage a draw away at Finland, automatic qualification should have been a foregone conclusion. In the next game, there was a 2-2 draw against Finland, which was ironed out by winning away in Albania. In the following game, a draw against England would have seen Germany qualify automatically from this match. After nine minutes, Germany took the lead with a goal by Carsten Jancker but England soon equalised with a Michael Owen goal. From that point on in the match, it seemed like England could do no wrong and what wrong was inconsequential for Germany to make up the point difference. Germany did not offer anything on the break and the final score was for England, 5-1. Automatic qualification was pushed back. The last match of qualifying saw Germany play Finland and simultaneously England play Greece. Germany was hoping for the Greeks to give them a helping hand, by at least drawing with England. Greece led until the 90th minute, when David Beckham equalised from a free kick. If Germany had won, then they would have finished first and with that qualified automatically to the World Cup finals. However, Germany only managed a 0-0 draw and therefore finished in second place. That meant that Germany had to play a play-off game and drew Ukraine. On 10 November 2001, the two teams played out a 1-1 draw in Kyiv. Four days later, Germany finally qualified for the World Cup by winning 4-1. After only 15 minutes, Germany were leading the match 3-0. The result of a England loss to Germany there followed by the latter being inundated by criticism, and they would not automatically qualify for a berth at the upcoming World Cup. Supporters of Germany said that the combative nature of the Germans makes them competitive. The convincing result against Ukraine was celebrated as a rebirth for German football. Play-offs Group 9 Final Table Finals Squad Group stages At the draw for the \"group stages\", it was announced that Germany would be in Pot A, meaning they became joint favourites to win the tournament. The three-time world champions saw them meet Ireland, Cameroon and Saudi Arabia in the group stage. Against Saudi Arabia, everything went according to plan, with Germany winning 8-0. Miroslav Klose scored a hat-trick against the Minnows. Carsten Jancker scored his first goal after enduring a dry run. It was Germany's highest win since the 1978 World Cup, where they beat Mexico 6-0. In the game against Ireland, Germany took an early lead, with Klose scoring once more but in", "title": "Germany at the 2002 FIFA World Cup" }, { "docid": "20790599", "text": "Helen Richardson-Walsh, (née Richardson, born 23 September 1981) is an English hockey player who plays as a midfielder. She has been a member of both the England and the Great Britain women's field hockey teams since 1999, and was a member of the Great Britain team who won gold at the 2016 Summer Olympics. Early life Helen Richardson was born in Hitchin, Hertfordshire and grew up in West Bridgford, Nottinghamshire with her 3 older brothers. She began playing hockey at a young age, joining West Bridgford Hockey Club at the age of seven. She initially attended Uphill Primary school in Weston Super-Mare before returning to her home town of West Bridgford where she attended West Bridgford School and South Nottingham College. Richardson-Walsh started a degree course in Human Biology at Aston University in 2000 but did not complete the course. International hockey career Richardson-Walsh achieved 293 international caps for England and Great Britain, making her at the point of her retirement, the 5th most capped GB player in the history of the women's game. She represented Great Britain at the Sydney, Beijing, London and Rio Olympic Games. Career highlights include an Olympic Gold (2016) and Bronze medal (2012), European Gold medal (2015), World Cup Bronze medal (2010), Champions Trophy (2012) and Commonwealth Games (2002) Silver medals. Richardson-Walsh won her first England cap in 1999, at the age of 17. At age 18 she was a member of the Great Britain team at the 2000 Olympics in Sydney, becoming the youngest female hockey player to represent Great Britain at an Olympic Games. Richardson was a member of the silver medal-winning England team at the 2002 Commonwealth Games. After the 2002 World Cup she underwent three operations on her ankle, returning to the sport in 2004. Richardson won bronze medals with the England team at the 2006 and 2010 Commonwealth Games. She competed in her second Olympics in 2008, where Great Britain did not advance to the semi-finals. Richardson was part of the Great Britain team that won the bronze medal at the 2012 Olympics in London, captaining the team for two games after regular captain Kate Walsh broke her jaw in the opening match. Between 2013 and 2014, she underwent surgery twice for spinal disc herniation. She was left out of the England squad for the 2014 World Cup, but returned to international hockey with the Great Britain team in April 2015. In August 2015, she was part of the England team that won the EuroHockey Nations Championship for the first time, scoring a penalty in the gold medal match penalty shoot-out against the Netherlands. Richardson-Walsh was a member of the Great Britain team that won the gold medal at the 2016 Summer Olympics, the first time that Great Britain had won gold in women's hockey. She scored one of Great Britain's two penalties in the deciding penalty shoot-out in the final against the Netherlands. Domestic hockey career Richardson-Walsh's first club was West Bridgford Hockey Club in Nottingham which she joined", "title": "Helen Richardson-Walsh" }, { "docid": "3044765", "text": "Gert Verheyen (also spelled Verheijen, ; born 20 September 1970) is a Belgian retired footballer and manager, who was last in charge of Oostende. In a 20-year professional career, he was mainly associated with Anderlecht and Club Brugge (especially the latter), scoring over 200 official goals for both clubs combined; he was known to have rather few technical skills, relying on a hard-working approach. Verheyen represented Belgium in two World Cups and one European Championship. His father Jan was also player and international for Belgium from 1965 till 1976. Club career Born in Hoogstraten, Antwerp, Verheyen started playing professionally with Lierse SK, scoring ten Belgian Second Division goals in his two season-spell, as he was not yet aged 18. In the 1988 summer he moved to R.S.C. Anderlecht, where he did not have a good scoring record, also appearing rarely in his first two years. In 1992, Verheyen signed with Club Brugge KV, where he would remain for the next 14 years, rarely missing a game and netting in double digits in ten of those campaigns, with the side collecting four leagues and two cups. In October 2000 he was expected to move to England with Ipswich Town, but the deal eventually fell through. After more than 500 overall appearances for Brugge (with 195 goals), Verheyen retired on 5 May 2006, becoming a reserve team trainer at the club in 2006–07 and quitting football subsequently at the season's end. International career Verheyen earned exactly 50 caps for the Belgium national team during eight years, scoring ten times. He was selected for the 1998 and 2002 FIFA World Cups as well as UEFA Euro 2000, the latter played on home soil. Verheyen's was controversially sent off at the 1998 World Cup in France, as the Red Devils led 2–0 against Mexico. The foul resulted in a penalty, and the match ended a 2–2 draw; despite the incident, he continued to be a regular in the next few years. Honours Player Anderlecht Belgian First Division: 1990–91 Belgian Cup: 1988–89 European Cup Winners' Cup: runners-up 1989–90 Bruges Matins: 1988 Club Brugge Belgian First Division: 1995–96, 1997–98, 2002–03, 2004–05 Belgian Cup: 1994–95, 1995–96, 2001–02, 2003–04; runners-up: 1997–98, 2004–05 Belgian Supercup: 1992, 1994, 1996, 1998, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 Bruges Matins: 1992, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2004, 2006 Jules Pappaert Cup: 1995, 2005 Belgium FIFA Fair Play Trophy: 2002 World Cup References External links Club Brugge archives Official fansite 1970 births Living people People from Hoogstraten Footballers from Antwerp Province Belgian men's footballers Men's association football forwards Belgian Pro League players Challenger Pro League players Lierse S.K. players R.S.C. Anderlecht players Club Brugge KV players Belgium men's international footballers 1998 FIFA World Cup players 2002 FIFA World Cup players UEFA Euro 2000 players Belgian football managers K.V. Oostende managers Club Brugge KV non-playing staff Hoogstraten VV players", "title": "Gert Verheyen" }, { "docid": "72733334", "text": "Funmi Fadoju (born 15 August 2002) is an English netball player, who has represented the national team since 2022, and was a member of the England team that came second at the 2023 Netball World Cup. At club level, Fadoju plays for London Pulse in the Netball Superleague. Early life Fadoju is from Dagenham, London. She attended Eastbury Community School, and won a schools cross-country competition in 2017. Club career Fadoju is tall, which is comparatively short for a defender. She made her Netball Superleague debut for London Pulse in March 2020; she came on in the third quarter of Pulse's opening match of the season. She won the Netball Superleague Young Player of the Season award in both 2021 and 2022 seasons. Fadoju once played a whole match with a headphone in by accident. International career Fadoju represented England under-21s at the 2019 Netball Europe Under-21 Championships. She was aged 16 at the time. Fadoju received her first senior callup for the 2021 Vitality Roses Reunited Series, and made her debut for the senior team in their 2022 series against Uganda. She was not selected for the 2022 Commonwealth Games. She played for England in their tour of Australia. In the final game of the series, she was the player of the match with 17 deflections. In December 2022, Netball Scoop named Fadoju joint sixth in their list of world's best players. Fadoju was selected for the 2023 Netball World Cup, and played in the final, where England lost to Australia. She did not play in the 2023 Taini Jamison Trophy Series, but returned to the squad for their December 2023 series against South Africa. References External links Netball Superleague Profile 2002 births Living people English netball players London Pulse players Black British sportswomen Netball Superleague players 2023 Netball World Cup players", "title": "Funmi Fadoju" }, { "docid": "1195014", "text": "Andrew James Hall (born 31 July 1975) is a former South African first-class cricketer who played from 1999 until 2011. He played as an all-rounder who bowled fast-medium pace and has been used as both an opening batsman and in the lower order. He was born in Johannesburg in South Africa in 1975 and educated at Hoërskool Alberton in Alberton, Gauteng. Prior to making it on the South African first-class cricket scene he played indoor cricket for South Africa. He broke through in 1995/96 and has played for Transvaal, Gauteng, and Easterns. Internationally, Hall was initially thought of solely as a limited overs cricket specialist and made his ODI debut against the West Indies at Durban in 1999. He was a regular in the ODI side until 2007, taking part in South Africa's 2003 Cricket World Cup squad and the 2007 Cricket World Cup. He appeared in the Test side sporadically and made his debut in 2002 against Australia at Cape Town. Batting at number 8, he scored 70 but did not pick up any wickets in the match. He retired from international cricket in September 2007 but continued to play domestic cricket in both South Africa and England until 2014. International career During the 2003 England tour he received a late call-up to the South African squad and impressed with 16 wickets in the Test series. He scored a match-winning 99 not out at Headingley and became the 5th batsman in Test cricket to have been stranded one short of a hundred. In 2004, due to the absence of the recently retired Gary Kirsten and non-touring Herschelle Gibbs, he was promoted to open the batting in the Test series against India. He reacted to the added responsibility by scoring 163 at Kanpur - his maiden Test century. The century was made against the likes of Anil Kumble and Harbhajan Singh, batting for almost ten hours. He holds the World Record 8th wicket stand in ODI cricket of 138 with Justin Kemp, made against India in November 2006. His contribution was an unbeaten 56 from 47 balls and he went on to take 3 wickets in the second innings. During the 2007 Cricket World Cup in the West Indies he took his maiden 5 wicket haul (5/18) against England on 17 April at the Kensington Oval, Bridgetown, Barbados. International retirement Hall retired from international cricket in September 2007. Whilst not giving a reason for his decision, Graham Ford - Hall's coach at Kent - speculated it was due to his omission from the 2007 Twenty20 World Championship squad, saying: County career Hall played for Durham Cricket Board in the 1999 NatWest Trophy, his first experience in English County Cricket. He played one List A match for Suffolk in the 2002 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy whilst playing for Rawtenstall in the Lancashire League. This was Halls only appearance in any form of cricket for Suffolk. He then played his first senior English cricket for Worcestershire in the 2003 and 2004 English", "title": "Andrew Hall" }, { "docid": "5888644", "text": "The 2002 FIFA World Cup final was the final match of the 2002 World Cup, the 17th edition of FIFA's competition for national football teams. The match was played at the International Stadium in Yokohama, Japan, on 30 June 2002, and was contested by Germany and Brazil. The tournament comprised hosts Japan and South Korea, holders France, and 29 other teams who emerged from the qualification phase, organised by the six FIFA confederations. The 32 teams competed in a group stage, from which 16 teams qualified for the knockout stage. En route to the final, Germany finished first in Group E, with two wins and a draw, after which they defeated Paraguay in the round of 16, the United States in the quarter-finals and South Korea in the semi-finals. Brazil finished top of Group C with three wins, before defeating Belgium in the round of 16, England in the quarter-final, and Turkey in the semi-final. The final took place in front of 69,029 supporters, with an estimated 1.1 billion watching on television, and was refereed by Pierluigi Collina from Italy. After a goalless first half, Brazil took the lead through Ronaldo on 67 minutes, scoring after what German goalkeeper Oliver Kahn called his \"only mistake in the finals\". They extended their lead twelve minutes later when Kléberson ran towards the German penalty area before passing towards Rivaldo. He let the ball pass through his legs and it reached Ronaldo, who used his first touch to take the ball away from German player Gerald Asamoah, and then shot the ball into the bottom corner of Kahn's net. The final score was 2–0 to Brazil. Brazil's win was their fifth World Cup title, which remains a record . Ronaldo was named the man of the match, while Kahn was awarded the Golden Ball as FIFA's outstanding player of the tournament. Brazil's manager, Luiz Felipe Scolari, expressed \"the joy of knowing we did our job\", while noting that it was \"full of very hard work\". His German counterpart Rudi Völler said, \"When you lose a game, the disappointment is great, of course. But it is no shame to lose against a team like Brazil.\" At the next World Cup in Germany in 2006, Brazil were eliminated in the quarter-final by France while Germany reached the semi-final stage on home soil and eventually finished third. Background The 2002 FIFA World Cup was the 17th edition of the World Cup, FIFA's football competition for national teams, held in Japan and South Korea between 31 May and 30 June 2002. The national teams of Japan and South Korea qualified for the finals automatically as tournament hosts, as did France as the winners of the previous World Cup in 1998. The remaining 29 spots were decided through qualifying rounds held between March 2000 and November 2001, organised by the six FIFA confederations and involving 193 teams. In the finals, the teams were divided into eight groups of four with each team playing each other once in a", "title": "2002 FIFA World Cup final" }, { "docid": "13833991", "text": "Geoffrey Coombes (April 23, 1919 – December 5, 2002) was an American soccer player who was a member of the U.S. team at the 1950 FIFA World Cup. Youth Coombes grew up in High Wycombe, England where he was a multi-sport prep athlete. His club team went to the Berks & Bucks Minor Cup. Despite being offered a trial with Nottingham Forest F.C., he never played above the youth level in England. In 1935, he moved to the United States with his family. Playing career Coombes played soccer in Michigan, gaining enough recognition to be selected to a Michigan All Star team in 1939. While he served in the U.S. Army during World War II, he never deployed overseas. After the war, he returned to Michigan, settling in Detroit. In 1946, he joined the Chicago Vikings as they won the National Challenge Cup. However, he did not play with the Vikings in the 1946 North American Soccer Football League season but joined the Detroit Wolverines which won the league title that year. In 1947, new ownership changed the team's name to the Detroit Pioneers. The Pioneers finished fifth in the spring 1947 season. In the fall of 1947, the league folded and Coombes returned to the Chicago Vikings which now competed in the National Soccer League of Chicago. In 1948, the Vikings won the league title. He remained with the Vikings through at least the 1950 season. National team While Coombes was selected to the U.S. roster for the 1950 FIFA World Cup, he never entered a game. Non soccer career When Coombes returned to Detroit after World War II, he was hired by the Palmer Bee Company. He later worked as a soccer promoter, a newspaper columnist and soccer league president. Coombes was inducted, along with the rest of the 1950 U.S. World Cup team, into the National Soccer Hall of Fame in 1976. References 1919 births 2002 deaths Footballers from Lincoln, England American men's soccer players English emigrants to the United States National Soccer Hall of Fame members 1950 FIFA World Cup players North American Soccer Football League players National Soccer League (Chicago) players Chicago Vikings players Detroit Wolverines (soccer) players Detroit Pioneer players Men's association football wing halves United States Army personnel of World War II Military personnel from Lincoln, England Military personnel from Buckinghamshire", "title": "Geoff Coombes" } ]	[ "Nigeria", "Argentina", "Sweden" ]
train_45935	actions or process that involve thinking and knowing are called	[ { "docid": "21312273", "text": "Metamemory or Socratic awareness, a type of metacognition, is both the introspective knowledge of one's own memory capabilities (and strategies that can aid memory) and the processes involved in memory self-monitoring. This self-awareness of memory has important implications for how people learn and use memories. When studying, for example, students make judgments of whether they have successfully learned the assigned material and use these decisions, known as \"judgments of learning\", to allocate study time. History Descartes, among other philosophers, marveled at the phenomenon of what we now know as metacognition. \"It was not so much thinking that was indisputable to Descartes, but rather thinking about thinking. What he could not imagine was that the person engaged in such self-reflective processing did not exist.\" In the late 19th century, Bowne and James contemplated, but did not scientifically examine, the relationship between memory judgments and memory performance. During the reign of behaviorism in the mid-20th century, unobservable phenomena such as metacognition were largely ignored. One early scientific study of metamemory was Hart's 1965 study, which examined the accuracy of feeling of knowing (FOK). FOK occurs when an individual feels that they have something in memory that cannot be recalled, but would be recognized if seen. Hart expanded upon limited investigations of FOK which had presupposed that FOK was accurate. The results of Hart's study indicate that FOK is indeed a relatively accurate indicator of what is in memory. In a 1970 review of memory research, Tulving and Madigan concluded that advances in the study of memory might require the experimental investigation of “one of the truly unique characteristics of human memory: its knowledge of its own knowledge”. It was around the same time that John H. Flavell coined the term \"metamemory\" in a discussion on the development of memory. Since then, numerous metamemory phenomena have been studied, including judgments of learning, feelings of knowing, knowing that you don't know, and know vs. remember. Nelson and Narens proposed a theoretical framework for understanding metacognition and metamemory. In this framework there are two levels: the object level (for example, cognition and memory) and the meta level (for example, metacognition and metamemory). Information flow from the meta level to the object level is called control, and information flow from the object level to the meta level is called monitoring. Both monitoring and control processes occur in acquisition, retention, and retrieval. Examples of control processes are allocating study time and selecting search strategies, and examples of monitoring processes are ease of learning (EOL) and feeling of knowing (FOK) judgments. Monitoring and control might be further divided into subprocesses depending on the types of inputs, computations, and outputs required at different stages of the memory process. For example, monitoring abilities appear to be sufficiently different during encoding-based and retrieval-based metamemory judgments to constitute different monitoring systems. The study of metamemory has some similarities to introspection in that it assumes that a memorizer is able to investigate and report on the contents of memory. Current metamemory researchers acknowledge", "title": "Metamemory" }, { "docid": "313565", "text": "In psychology, cognitivism is a theoretical framework for understanding the mind that gained credence in the 1950s. The movement was a response to behaviorism, which cognitivists said neglected to explain cognition. Cognitive psychology derived its name from the Latin cognoscere, referring to knowing and information, thus cognitive psychology is an information-processing psychology derived in part from earlier traditions of the investigation of thought and problem solving. Behaviorists acknowledged the existence of thinking but identified it as a behavior. Cognitivists argued that the way people think impacts their behavior and therefore cannot be a behavior in and of itself. Cognitivists later argued that thinking is so essential to psychology that the study of thinking should become its own field. However, cognitivists typically presuppose a specific form of mental activity, of the kind advanced by computationalism. Cognitivism has more recently been challenged by postcognitivism. Cognitive development The process of assimilating and expanding our intellectual horizon is termed as cognitive development. We have a complex physiological structure that absorbs a variety of stimuli from the environment, stimuli being the interactions that are able to produce knowledge and skills. Parents process knowledge informally in the home while teachers process knowledge formally in school. Knowledge should be pursued with zest and zeal; if not, then learning becomes a burden. Attention Attention is the first part of cognitive development. It pertains to a person's ability to focus and sustain concentration. Attention can also be how focus minded an individual is and having their full concentration on one thing. It is differentiated from other temperamental characteristics like persistence and distractibility in the sense that the latter modulates an individual's daily interaction with the environment. Attention, on the other hand, involves his behavior when performing specific tasks. Learning, for instance, takes place when the student gives attention towards the teacher. Interest and effort closely relate to attention. Attention is an active process which involves numerous outside stimuli. The attention of an organism at any point in time involves three concentric circles; beyond awareness, margin, and focus. Individuals have a mental capacity; there are only so many things someone can focus on at one time. A theory of cognitive development called information processing holds that memory and attention are the foundation of cognition. It is suggested that children's attention is initially selective and is based on situations that are important to their goals. This capacity increases as the child grows older since they are more able to absorb stimuli from tasks. Another conceptualization classified attention into mental attention and perceptual attention. The former is described as the executive-driven attentional \"brain energy\" that activates task-relevant processes in the brain while the latter are immediate or spontaneous attention driven by novel perceptual experiences. Process of learning Cognitive theory mainly stresses the acquisition of knowledge and growth of the mental structure. Cognitive theory tends to focus on conceptualizing the student's learning process: how information is received; how information is processed and organized into existing schema; how information is retrieved upon recall. In", "title": "Cognitivism (psychology)" }, { "docid": "74893749", "text": "The cognitive shuffle is a cognitive strategy meant to facilitate initial sleep onset, or subsequent sleep onset after early awakening from sleep. The cognitive shuffle was developed by Luc P. Beaudoin, an adjunct professor at Simon Fraser University. It is based on Beaudoin's theory of the human sleep onset control system called the somnolent information processing theory (SIP), according to which mental perturbance is insomnolent, meaning that it can delay sleep onset. Research Serial Diverse Imagining The cognitive shuffle is a cognitive strategy in which one thinks about a neutral or pleasant target for a short period of time (normally every 5–15 seconds) and then switches to thinking about an unrelated target. Serial diverse imagining (SDI) is a type of cognitive shuffling in which people switch between imagining various concrete images, such as persons, places, actions, and/or scenes. However, practitioners are instructed not to relate mental images with each other. A variation of SDI involves imagining oneself drawing a target person, place, things, action, and/or scene (analogous to Pictionary). Beaudoin views cognitive shuffling as a new form of meditation in that it involves deliberate control of mentation, involving meta-cognition in general and meta-cognitive control in particular. Beaudoin has also distinguished two forms of SDI, technology-assisted SDI and self-directed SDI. In technology-assisted SDI, participants use software to generate a random sequence of words that they will imagine a configurable number of seconds (usually 5–10 seconds) apart. Sequences of words may be delivered through text-to-speech technology. In self-directed SDI, participants think of a word between 5-12 letters. Each letter in the word functions as a cue letter. For each letter, participants visualize a target that starts with the letter and an instance involving the target for 5–10 seconds. After exhausting all letters, participants can produce new words and continue the practice until they have fallen asleep. Pilot data on SDI and the cognitive shuffle was collected using the mobile sleep app SomnoTest. Somnolent Information Processing Theory The cognitive shuffle is based on Beaudoin’s somnolent information processing theory. The somnolent information processing theory postulates the existence of a sleep onset control system that evolved to ensure that falling asleep tends to happen when it is evolutionarily opportune (safe, timely) to fall asleep. The theory claims that control of human somnolence posed a significant evolutionary challenge particularly due to the hyper-abundant cerebral cortex of humans. Beaudoin’s theory stipulates that somnolence (propensity for sleep) is deemed to be a function of the sleep onset control system. External cues (such as physical threats) and internal mechanisms (such as alarms or mental perturbance) are deemed to be insomnolent, meaning they tend to delay sleep onset; or pro-somnolent, meaning they tend to promote sleep onset; or asomnolent, meaning they have no particular effect on sleep onset. Mental perturbance As noted above, mental perturbance is deemed in somnolent information processing theory to be insomnolent. The concept of mental perturbance (invoked in somnolent information processing theory) was originally expounded by Aaron Sloman, who referred to it as “emotion” in his", "title": "Cognitive shuffle" }, { "docid": "1456765", "text": "Global workspace theory (GWT) is a framework for thinking about consciousness proposed by cognitive scientists Bernard Baars and Stan Franklin in the late 1980s. It was developed to qualitatively account for a large set of matched pairs of conscious and unconscious processes. GWT has been influential in modeling consciousness and higher-order cognition as emerging from competition and integrated flows of information across widespread, parallel neural processes. GWT analogizes the mind to a theater, with conscious thought being like material illuminated on the main stage. The brain contains many specialized processes or modules that operate in parallel, much of which is unconscious. Attention acts as a spotlight, bringing some of this unconscious activity into conscious awareness on the global workspace. The global workspace is a functional hub of broadcast and integration that allows information to be disseminated across modules. As such it can be classified as a functionalist theory of consciousness. When sensory input, memories, or internal representations are given attention, they become part of the global workspace and can then be operated on by a variety of processes. As elements compete for attention, the ones that win are granted entry to the global workspace, allowing their information to be distributed and coordinated across the whole cognitive system. GWT resembles the concept of working memory and is proposed to correspond to a 'momentarily active, subjectively experienced' event in working memory. It facilitates top-down control of attention, working memory, planning, and problem-solving through this information sharing. In the 'theater of consciousness', a 'spotlight of selective attention' shines a bright spot on stage, revealing the contents of consciousness. Behind the scenes, in the dark, are the director (executive processes), stagehands, scriptwriters, scene designers, and the like. They shape the visible activities in the bright spot but are themselves invisible. While aspects of GWT are matters of debate, it remains a focus of current research, including brain interpretations and computational simulations. It serves as a central information exchange, rather than a locus of cognition itself, enabling different specialized brain networks to interact and supporting integrated and adaptive responses. Bernard Baars derived inspiration for the theory as the cognitive analog of the blackboard system of early artificial intelligence system architectures, where independent programs shared information. Global Workspace Theory is one of the leading theories of consciousness. The model GWT involves a fleeting memory with a duration of a few seconds (much shorter than the 10–30 seconds of classical working memory). GWT contents are proposed to correspond to what we are conscious of, and are broadcast to a multitude of unconscious cognitive brain processes, which may be called receiving processes. Other unconscious processes, operating in parallel with limited communication between them, can form coalitions which can act as input processes to the global workspace. Since globally broadcast messages can evoke actions in receiving processes throughout the brain, the global workspace may be used to exercise executive control to perform voluntary actions. Individual as well as allied processes compete for access to the global workspace, striving to", "title": "Global workspace theory" }, { "docid": "7260569", "text": "The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to thought (thinking): Thought (also called thinking) – mental process in which beings form psychological associations and models of the world. Thinking is manipulating information, as when we form concepts, engage in problem solving, reason and make decisions. Thought, the act of thinking, produces more thoughts. A thought may be an idea, an image, a sound or even control an emotional feeling. Nature of thought Thought (or thinking) can be described as all of the following: An activity taking place in a: brain – organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals (only a few invertebrates such as sponges, jellyfish, adult sea squirts and starfish do not have a brain). It is the physical structure associated with the mind. mind – abstract entity with the cognitive faculties of consciousness, perception, thinking, judgement, and memory. Having a mind is a characteristic of living creatures. Activities taking place in a mind are called mental processes or cognitive functions. computer (see below) – general purpose device that can be programmed to carry out a set of arithmetic or logical operations automatically. Since a sequence of operations (an algorithm) can be readily changed, the computer can solve more than one kind of problem. An activity of intelligence – intelligence is the intellectual process of which is marked by cognition, motivation, and self-awareness. Through intelligence, living creatures possess the cognitive abilities to learn, form concepts, understand, apply logic, and reason, including the capacities to recognize patterns, comprehend ideas, plan, problem solve, make decisions, retaining, and use language to communicate. Intelligence enables living creatures to experience and think. A type of mental process – something that individuals can do with their minds. Mental processes include perception, memory, thinking, volition, and emotion. Sometimes the term cognitive function is used instead. A biological adaptation mechanism Neural network explanation: Thoughts are created by the summation of neural outputs and connections of which vectors form. These vectors describe the magnitude and direction of the connections and action between neurons. The graphs of these vectors can represent a network of neurons whose connections fire in different ways over time as synapses fire. These large thought vectors in the brain cause other vectors of activity. For example: An input from the environment is received by the neural network. The network changes the magnitude and outputs of individual neurons. The altered network outputs the symbols needed to make sense of the input. Types of thoughts Content of thoughts Types of thought (thinking) Listed below are types of thought, also known as thinking processes. Animal thought Human thought Classifications of thought Creative processes Decision-making Erroneous thinking Emotional intelligence (emotionally based thinking) Problem solving Reasoning Machine thought Organizational thought Organizational thought (thinking by organizations) Organizational planning Aspects of the thinker Aspects of the thinker which may affect (help or hamper) his or her thinking: Properties of thought Fields that study thought Thought tools and", "title": "Outline of thought" } ]	[ { "docid": "28341040", "text": "The Blue and Brown Books are two sets of notes taken during lectures conducted by Ludwig Wittgenstein from 1933 to 1935. They were mimeographed as two separate books, and a few copies were circulated in a restricted circle during Wittgenstein's lifetime. The lecture notes from 1933–1934 were bound in blue cloth, and the notes dictated in 1934–1935 were bound in brown. Rush Rhees published these together for the first time in 1958 as Preliminary Studies for the \"Philosophical Investigations\". Inchoate versions of many of the ideas that would later be more fully explored in the Philosophical Investigations are found there, so these offer textual evidence for the genesis of what became known as Wittgenstein's later philosophy. The Blue Book The Blue Book was dictated from 1933 to 1934, and contains certain themes unaddressed in Wittgenstein's later works, including deliberations on thinking as operating with signs. An early conception of what would later become known as language-games is present in the text, which represents the first period of Wittgenstein's thought after 1932, a method of linguistic analysis which would later become ordinary language philosophy. While Wittgenstein in The Blue Book is not dogmatic nor systematic, he does provide arguments that point toward a more self-critical view of language. For example, he does not think that \"understanding\" and \"explaining\" are necessarily related. He suggests that when humans are learning a language-game they are actually being trained to understand it. He writes: As the citation suggests, Wittgenstein views understanding a language-game as being mostly concerned with training (which he calls \"drill[ing]\" in the above citation). Having said that, Wittgenstein is not one to believe that even understanding a language-game can be reduced to one process; like the plethora of language-games available to human beings, there are also plethora of \"understandings.\" For example, the \"understanding\" of a language may come about by the \"drilling\" of the association between the word \"yellow\" and a yellow-patch; or it may involve learning rules, like rules used in the game of chess. Moreover, Wittgenstein doesn't think that humans use language mechanically, as if following a calculus. He writes in The Blue Book, \"[I]n general we don't use language according to strict rules—it hasn't been taught us by means of strict rules, either.\" Wittgenstein clarifies the problem of communicating using a human language when he discusses learning a language by \"ostensive defining.\" For example, if one wanted to teach someone that a pencil was called a \"pencil\" and pointed to a pencil and said, \"pencil,\" how does the listener know that what one is trying to convey is that the thing in front of me (e.g., the entire pencil) is called a \"pencil\"? Isn't it possible that the listener would associate \"pencil\" with \"wood\"? Maybe the listener would associate the word \"pencil\" with \"round\" instead (as pencils are, usually, in fact, round!). Wittgenstein writes regarding several possible \"interpretations\" which may arise after such a lesson. The student may interpret your pointing at a pencil and saying \"pencil\" to mean", "title": "Blue and Brown Books" }, { "docid": "38930010", "text": "Developmental psychology initially focused on childhood development through Jean Piaget's four stages of human cognitive development, the last stage of which is known as the formal operational stage. Extending developmental psychology to adults, most neo-Piagetian theories of cognitive development have posited one or more stages of postformal thought. Postformal thought is also addressed by some non-Piagetian theories of developmental psychology, including Michael Commons' model of hierarchical complexity and Otto Laske's constructive developmental framework. Postformal thought has been described as more flexible, logical, willing to accept moral and intellectual complexities, and dialectical than previous stages in development. Of postformal thought, Griffin and colleagues said, \"one can conceive of multiple logics, choices, or perceptions ... in order to better understand the complexities and inherent biases in 'truth'\". Jan Sinnott described postformal thought as the step beyond formal thought \"by which individuals come to know the world outside themselves\". Characteristics and operations of postformal thought Sinnott has stated that there are two main characteristics of postformal thought: Self-reference: There is some amount of subjectivity in all knowledge, thus all knowledge is somewhat incomplete. People are constantly urged to act, though they are always \"trapped in partial subjectivity\" due to the limits of their knowledge. This necessity to act means they must make decisions and they continue to act based on the logic they have chosen. Thus, the logic they use is self-referential to some degree. Ordering of formal operations: As people decide what is true, logical processes develop out of these conclusions and progress and become more complex. Sinnott also described key operations involved in postformal thought: Metatheory shift: Moving from understanding the problem as an abstract to a practical one, for example. A major shift inspired by new ways of thinking philosophically or epistemologically. Problem definition: Naming the problem. Process–product shift: Developing some sort of process to make sense of looking at similar problems but not yet arriving at an answer unique to this problem. Parameter setting: Describing limits to the future solution. Pragmatism: Practically selecting one of several solutions. Multiple solutions: Generating more than a single \"correct\" solution. Multiple goals: Describing multiple points that would allow the problem to be \"solved\". Multiple methods: Offering different ways to reach the same solution. Multiple causality: Understanding and making sense of different causes involved in the problem. Paradox: Understanding contradictions involved. Self-referential thought: Understanding that the individual is the one selecting and judging a logic that will be used to create a solution. Philosophical foundations Because postformal thought involves the evaluation of several \"systems of truth\", subjectivity is necessary. How people think about subjectivity can involve what Basseches called three styles of thought: First, universalistic formal thinking holds the assumption that there are indeed a number of stable truths and that there is order in the universe. This order can be described formally and abstractly. Second, relativistic thinking rejects that idea that there is a single universal order and instead posits that there can be multiple orders. Realities can differ amongst individuals or groups.", "title": "Postformal thought" }, { "docid": "58924024", "text": "Ritika Dutt is a Canadian entrepreneur. She is the CEO and co-founder of the legal artificial intelligence company Botler AI. In December 2019, Dutt was named as the only Canadian in the Forbes' 30 Under 30 2020 Law and Policy List. Early life and education Dutt was born in India, spent her childhood in Hong Kong and her teenage years in Singapore. In 2009, she moved to Montréal, Canada to attend McGill University and graduated with a bachelor's degree in Economics and Political Science in 2013. Early career After graduating from McGill, Dutt headed the marketing department of a Y Combinator startup. She then took over the internal operations of Notman House, Montreal's Google for Entrepreneurs tech hub, where she fostered the local startup community by supporting and promoting innovative ventures and initiatives. Using her background in economics and innovation, Dutt then co-founded Botler AI in 2017 to enhance accessibility to the legal system, through artificial intelligence. Experience with workplace sexual harassment Prior to co-founding Botler, Dutt found herself faced with a stalker during a terrifying, months-long ordeal. The man showed up at her workplace everyday, stalked her on social media to learn of her location, and even followed her to her home. Though fearful, Dutt found herself making excuses thinking \"It’s all in my head\" or \"I don't know if something is really wrong or if I'm too sensitive\". She didn't know what her rights were, what she should do, or if the man's actions were illegal. The experience left her feeling trapped and Dutt struggled to call it what it was: stalking, or criminal harassment in Canadian law. Months later, after the Harvey Weinstein sexual abuse allegations and ensuing spread of the #MeToo movement, Dutt started researching the relevant legal codes and learned what had happened to her was a crime. She gained confidence from learning there was a legal basis to what she had felt and that she had been justified with her discomfort. Dutt realized that sexual harassment was a far bigger issue than imagined and found herself angered thinking “How many people think they can do this and get away with it?\". Botler AI In December 2017, motivated to take action by her personal experiences, Dutt led Botler AI to launch a free tool to help survivors of sexual harassment determine whether their rights had been violated. The tool was aimed as an impartial resource to empower the average person through information and education, without fear of judgment. Dutt's premise was that, unlike humans, a robot has no prejudice of race, gender, sexual orientation or socio-economic background, would never ask “What were you wearing?” or “How many drinks did you have?”, and therefore provided an emotion- and judgement-free neutral tool to complainants. The Artificial Intelligence system, which also used deep learning, was trained using over 300,000 court documents from Canada and the United States. Natural language processing was used to determine whether an incident described by the user could be classified as sexual harassment. The", "title": "Ritika Dutt" }, { "docid": "19649338", "text": "Biological motion is motion that comes from actions of a biological organism. Humans and animals are able to understand those actions through experience, identification, and higher level neural processing. Humans use biological motion to identify and understand familiar actions, which is involved in the neural processes for empathy, communication, and understanding other's intentions. The neural network for biological motion is highly sensitive to the observer's prior experience with the action's biological motions, allowing for embodied learning. This is related to a research field that is broadly known as embodied cognitive science, along with research on mirror neurons. For instance, a well known example of sensitiveness to a specific type of biological motion is expert dancers observing others dancing. Compared to people who do not know how to dance, expert dancers show more sensitiveness to the biological motion from the dance style of their expertise. The same expert dancer would also show similar but less sensitivity to dance styles outside of their expertise. The differences in perception of dance motions suggests that the ability to perceive and understand biological motion is strongly influenced by the observer's experience with the action. A similar expertise effect has been observed in different types of action, such as music making, language, scientific thinking, basketball, and walking. History The phenomenon of human sensitivity to biological motion was first documented by Swedish perceptual psychologist, Gunnar Johansson, in 1973. He is best known for his experiments that used point light displays (PLDs). Johansson attached light bulbs to body parts and joints of actors performing various actions in the dark. He filmed these actions, yielding point lights from each bulb moving on a black background. Johansson found that people were able to recognize what the actors were doing when the PLD was moving, but not when it was stationary. Johansson's invention of PLDs inspired a new field of research into human perception. Modern technology to make PLDs involves the same principles, except that film has been replaced by multiple cameras attached to computers that construct a 3D representation of actors' movements, allowing for considerable control of the PLDs. Interest in biological motion was renewed with the publication of a 1996 article on mirror neurons. Mirror neurons were found to be active in an animal's brain both when that animal observed another animal making a movement and when that animal made the same movement. The mirror neurons were initially observed in the premotor cortex, however they were also found in supramarginal gyrus and temporoparietal junction, areas of the brain that is associated with biological motion processing. The coding of both visual and motor actions within same set of neurons suggests that biological motion understanding and perception is influenced by not only the visual information of the motion but also by the observer's experience with the biological motion. Today, the discovery of mirror neurons has led to an explosion of research on biological motion and action perception and understanding in research fields such as social and affective neuroscience, language, action, motion", "title": "Biological motion" }, { "docid": "31999585", "text": "Language learning strategies is a term referring to the actions that are consciously deployed by language learners to help them learn or use a language more effectively. They have also been defined as \"thoughts and actions, consciously chosen and operationalized by language learners, to assist them in carrying out a multiplicity of tasks from the very outset of learning to the most advanced levels of target language performance\". Some learning strategies include methods that facilitate lowering the learner's language anxiety, therefore improving their confidence in using the language. Consistently it has been proven that strategies, those mentioned in the following article and others, assist learners to become more proficient. The term language learner strategies, which incorporates strategies used for language learning and language use, is sometimes used, although the line between the two is ill-defined as moments of second language use can also provide opportunities for learning. History Language learning strategies were first introduced to the second language literature in 1975, with research on the good language learner. At the time it was thought that a better understanding of strategies deployed by successful learners could help inform teachers and students alike of how to teach and learn languages more effectively. Initial studies aimed to document the strategies of good language learners. In the 80s the emphasis moved to classification of language learning strategies. Strategies were first classified according to whether they were direct or indirect, and later they were strategies divided into cognitive, metacognitive or affective/social categories. In 1990, Rebecca Oxford published her landmark book Language Learning Strategies: What Every Teacher Should Know which included the \"Strategy Inventory for Language Learning\" or \"SILL\", a questionnaire which was used in a great deal of research in the 1990s and early 2000s. Controversy over basic issues such as definition grew stronger in the late 1990s and early 2000s, however, with some researchers giving up trying to define the concept in favour of listing essential characteristics. Others abandoned the strategy term in favour of \"self regulation\". Classification of language learning strategies O'Malley and Chamot classification In 1990, O'Malley and Chamot developed a classification of three types of language learning strategies: Metacognitive strategies, which involved thinking about (or knowledge of) the learning process, planning for learning, monitoring learning while it is taking place, or self-evaluation of learning after the task had been completed. Cognitive strategies, which involved mental manipulation or transformation of materials or tasks, intended to enhance comprehension, acquisition, or retention. Social/affective strategies, which consisted of using social interactions to assist in the comprehension, learning or retention of information. As well as the mental control over personal affect that interfered with learning. This model was based on cognitive theory, which was commended, but it was also criticized for the ad hoc nature of its third category. Oxford taxonomy Also in 1990, Rebecca Oxford developed a taxonomy for categorizing strategies under six headings: Cognitive—making associations between new and already known information. This would include strategies that include the learner using reasoning or analysis of", "title": "Language learning strategies" }, { "docid": "60916147", "text": "Systemic intervention is a deliberate operation by intervening agents that seeks people to make alterations in their lives in psychology. This analyses how people deal with challenges in the contemporary era, including their power relations and how they reform relationship with others. Midgley ventured new approach to systems philosophy and social theory that could develop variety usage of the multiple strands of systemic thinking to systemic intervention. Scientific methods could be used as a segment of the intervention practice. However, it does not deal with all of the problems of systemic thinking as well as the science complexity. Systemic Intervention Models Systemic Intervention Models looks for the awareness of other agents with the focus of counteracting issues with professionalisation when applicable. These agents could be identified as an individual person or a group of society who has the intentions accredited to them. This group does not have to share an equivalent purpose to the systemic intervention however requires a dominant intention at group-degree meaning. The action of degrading disempowerment effects and exposing agents to professional imagery broaden peoples perspective on the possibilities of developing reflective knowledge and change. Systemic intervention encompasses action for change through a scientific perspective. Individuals view the world as interconnected with everything but with boundaries which are the limits to what humans are incapable of exploring. The theory of Systemic Intervention Models was derived from four perspectives in which are the structuralist, community psychology, deconstruction, interpretive systemology and critical system thinking. Through this, nine basis that will form the ideal Systemic Intervention Models was established. The nine criteria are: The fundamental focus should be on the ambiguous phenomena At least two contradictory explanations of problematic phenomena need to arise The arising course should be emphasised through investigation of the various possible boundary judgement When the intervention process starts, everything should be included into the investigation (even though the obligation for operation will cause unavoidable boundaries critique Those affiliated with the intervention will be sought out and involved The reason for the intervention should be specific and made clear cut therefore, it can be disclosed to the people involved. Hence, discursive accountability would be allowed to the agents. The phenomena should be examined in terms of what it is, what it should be and how it can be realised Options between apprehensions and intervention procedure should be specifically justified The agents should self - reflect on the probable nature uncertainty to their role in intervening Critical Systems Thinking Critical systems thinking is a systemic intervention's approach in which it is based on the systems thinking framework. According to Gerald Midgley, critical systems thinking is based on three 'themes for debate' for further research which are the improvement, critical awareness and methodological pluralism. However, Flood and Jackson disagreed saying that it should be called 'commitments' instead of 'themes for debate' in which Midgley was against as the word commitment implicates uncritical recognition. 'Themes for debate' explains how there are different perspectives to make it more vital and also", "title": "Systemic intervention" }, { "docid": "284283", "text": "A think-aloud (or thinking aloud) protocol is a method used to gather data in usability testing in product design and development, in psychology and a range of social sciences (e.g., reading, writing, translation research, decision making, and process tracing). Description Think-aloud protocols involve participants thinking aloud as they are performing a set of specified tasks. Participants are asked to say whatever comes into their mind as they complete the task. This might include what they are looking at, thinking, doing, and feeling. This gives observers insight into the participant's cognitive processes (rather than only their final product), to make thought processes as explicit as possible during task performance. In a formal research protocol, all verbalizations are transcribed and then analyzed. In a usability testing context, observers are asked to take notes of what participants say and do, without attempting to interpret their actions and words, and especially noting places where they encounter difficulty. Test sessions may be completed on participants own devices or in a more controlled setting. Sessions are often audio- and video-recorded so that developers can go back and refer to what participants did and how they reacted. History The think-aloud method was introduced in the usability field by Clayton Lewis while he was at IBM, and is explained in Task-Centered User Interface Design: A Practical Introduction by Lewis and John Rieman. The method was developed based on the techniques of protocol analysis by K. Ericsson and H. Simon. However, there are some significant differences between the way Ericsson and Simon propose that protocols be conducted and how they are actually conducted by usability practitioners, as noted by Ted Boren and Judith Ramey. These differences arise from the specific needs and context of usability testing; practitioners should be aware of these differences and adjust their method to meet their needs while still collecting valid data. For example, they may need to prompt for additional information more often than Ericsson and Simon would allow, but should take care not to influence what participants say and do. Process A typical procedure of think-aloud protocols would include: Design the study and write the guide: Determine the number and type of participant for the study. Generally 5 participants would be sufficient. The next step is to write a guide that ask the participants to complete the tasks intended with clear step-by-step instructions. In the script, there should be reminders to participants to say their thoughts out when performing tasks. Recruit participants: The team should set up a screener for eligibility of participants. After contacting the person of interest and setting up meeting details such as time and location, the team could also provide additional information to help participant better prepare for the activity. Conduct think-aloud protocol: After stating the purpose and asking for consent, the team should proceed by giving instructions to the participant. Ask open-ended questions and follow-up questions. The team should avoid asking leading questions or giving clues. Analyze the findings and summarize insights: The team should use notes taken", "title": "Think aloud protocol" }, { "docid": "356999", "text": "Self-deception is a process of denying or rationalizing away the relevance, significance, or importance of opposing evidence and logical argument. Self-deception involves convincing oneself of a truth (or lack of truth) so that one does not reveal any self-knowledge of the deception. Brief history While Freudian analysis of the conscious and the unconscious minds dominated the field, psychological scientists in the 1970s became curious about how those two seemingly separate worlds could work together. The lack of mechanistic models available to this line of research, led to the debate being unresolved. Later, the focus has been shifted to vision-related research in social psychology. Theorization Analysis The traditional paradigm of self-deception is modeled after interpersonal deception, where A intentionally gets B to believe some proposition p, all the while knowing or believing truly ¬p (not p). Such deception is intentional and requires the deceiver to know or believe ¬p and the deceived to believe p. On this traditional mode, self-deceivers must (1) hold contradictory beliefs and (2) intentionally get themselves to hold a belief they know or believe truly to be false. The process of rationalization, however, can obscure the intent of self-deception. Brian McLaughlin illustrates that such rationalizations in certain circumstances permit the phenomenon. When a person, who disbelieves p, intentionally tries to make himself believe or continue believing p by engaging in such activities, and, as a result unintentionally misleads himself into believing or continuing to believe p via biased thinking, he deceives himself in a way appropriate for self-deception. No deceitful intention is required for this. Psychology Self-deception calls into question the nature of the individual, specifically in a psychological context and the nature of \"self\". Irrationality is the foundation from which the argued paradoxes of self-deception stem, and it is argued that not everyone has the \"special talents\" and capacities for self-deception. However, rationalization is influenced by myriad factors, including socialization, personal biases, fear, and cognitive repression. Such rationalization can be manipulated in both positive and negative fashions; convincing one to perceive a negative situation optimistically and vice versa. In contrast, rationalization alone cannot effectively clarify the dynamics of self-deception, as reason is just one adaptive form mental processes can take. Paradoxes The works of philosopher Alfred R. Mele have provided insight into some of the more prominent paradoxes regarding self-deception. Two of these paradoxes include the self-deceiver's state of mind and the dynamics of self-deception, coined the \"static\" paradox and the \"dynamic/strategic\" paradox, respectively. Mele formulates an example of the \"static\" paradox as the following: If ever a person A deceives a person B into believing that something, p, is true, A knows or truly believes that p is false while causing B to believe that p is true. So when A deceives A (i.e., himself) into believing that p is true, he knows or truly believes that p is false while causing himself to believe that p is true. Thus, A must simultaneously believe that p is false and believe that p is true. But", "title": "Self-deception" }, { "docid": "20551015", "text": "Dark Reign is a 2008 to 2009 comic book branding used by Marvel Comics. It deals with the aftermath of the \"Secret Invasion\" storyline, which leads to a shift of power in the Marvel Universe toward Norman Osborn. The title refers to Osborn's rise to national power and the ramifications thereof. Joe Quesada, then-editor-in-chief of Marvel Comics, stated that \"Dark Reign is not really an event, it's what's happening in the Marvel Universe.\" He believes that \"Dark Reign leads to an interesting place in the Marvel Universe. I think you'll see a pulling back at the end of Dark Reign, but you'll understand at the end of it what we were trying to get to.\" Publication history The story-line begins with the release of Secret Invasion: Dark Reign, a one-shot Brian Michael Bendis (writer) and Alex Maleev (art), in December 2008. It continued in standalone mini-series and some individual issues of ongoing Marvel Comics titles throughout 2009. Selected ongoing Marvel titles were temporarily renamed to highlight their involvement in the story-line. Initial promotional images for the story-line included a series of \"We Lost, They Won\" images showing: a severed robotic head of Iron Man, Emma Frost holding Cyclops's blood-covered visor, the new Captain America bowing to Norman Osborn's Iron Patriot form, Daken's Wolverine form looking down, Thor motionless on Loki's female form, Venom's Spider-Man appearance defeating Spider-Man, Henry Pym's Wasp alias (with Wasp's picture in the background), and the Green Goblin (which quotes that \"He won\"). There is no core limited series as there was in the preceding Secret Invasion event. Instead, the story-line is made up of one-shots that help fill in the gaps, limited series exploring the effect of the event on teams and individuals, as well as tie-ins with other ongoing series. The main story-line led into the 2010 \"Siege\" crossover event, although some plot elements are ongoing. Plot Following the Skrull invasion of Earth during Secret Invasion, Norman Osborn leverages his success in defeating the Skrulls to replace Tony Stark as director of S.H.I.E.L.D. Deadpool plays a large part in this, as he is supposed to send the information on how to kill the Skrull Queen Veranke to Nick Fury. An error occurs during the process and the information goes to Osborn instead. Osborn shoots Veranke in the head and becomes the director of S.H.I.E.L.D., which he replaces with H.A.M.M.E.R. Osborn simultaneously forms an alliance called the Cabal with Doctor Doom, Emma Frost, Namor, Loki, and the Hood. He uses H.A.M.M.E.R. to carry out his agenda and, at times, the Cabal's. However, Osborn's actions and his reputation influence a number of heroes and villains to attempt to resist Osborn's rule and remove him from power by force, if necessary. Main characters Norman Osborn is the former Green Goblin and central focus of Dark Reign. He is featured in most of the ongoing series and mini-series linked to the Dark Reign story-line. Brian Bendis noted that \"people know he's a bastard, but ignore it as long he", "title": "Dark Reign (comics)" }, { "docid": "38666988", "text": "Mornings on Horseback is a 1981 biography of the 26th President of the United States Theodore Roosevelt written by popular historian David McCullough, covering the early part of Roosevelt's life. The book won McCullough's second National Book Award and his first Los Angeles Times Prize for Biography. Summary The story begins in New York in 1869 by introducing the family: father Theodore Roosevelt, Sr., mother Mittie Bulloch Roosevelt and their children Anna (called Bamie), Theodore, Elliott (who becomes the father of Eleanor Roosevelt) and Corinne (called Conie). McCullough then flashes back to the backgrounds of Theodore, Sr. and Mittie, followed by their courtship and marriage, then the stories of their children, ending with Theodore's engagement to Edith Carow. Writing process During his research for The Path Between the Seas, describing the history of the Panama Canal and Theodore Roosevelt's role in its construction, McCullough says \"I was interested in knowing what was involved in the metamorphosis of this most conspicuous animate wonder.\" Discovering thousands of letters in the Theodore Roosevelt Collection at Harvard's Houghton Library between the members of the Roosevelt family, \"I realized what a truly marvelous and very large subject I had.\" The wealth of correspondence allowed him to reveal the life of a well-to-do Victorian American family in depth heretofore unseen. He says \"I've tried to see that individual, not just in the context of his family who were the closest to him and most important to him, but also to see the family in the context of a particular social class in which they were prominent.\" McCullough speaks of the value in knowing who raised the future President: \"If there was one discovery or revelation that meant the most, it was coming to know Theodore Roosevelt, Sr., who is central to this book, as he was in the life of his small namesake. I think it is fair to say that one can not really know Theodore Roosevelt...without knowing the sort of man his father was. Indeed, if I could have one wish for you the reader, it would be that you come away from the book with a strong sense of what a great man Theodore Roosevelt, Sr. was\" McCullough chose to end the story \"when I thought he was formed as a person, when I felt I could say, when the reader could say, there he is.\" References Further reading Theodore Roosevelt Collection at Houghton Library The Theodore Roosevelt Association The Almanac of Theodore Roosevelt The Theodore Roosevelt Center External links Official site at Simon & Schuster National Book Award-winning works Books about Theodore Roosevelt 1981 non-fiction books Books by David McCullough", "title": "Mornings on Horseback" }, { "docid": "2363287", "text": "Visual learning is a learning style among the learning styles of Neil Fleming's VARK model in which information is presented to a learner in a visual format. Visual learners can utilize graphs, charts, maps, diagrams, and other forms of visual stimulation to effectively interpret information. The Fleming VARK model also includes Kinesthetic Learning and Auditory learning. There is no evidence that providing visual materials to students identified as having a visual style improves learning. Techniques A review study concluded that using graphic organizers improves student performance in the following areas: Retention Students remember information better and can better recall it when it is represented and learned both visually and verbally. Reading comprehension The use of graphic organizers helps improve reading comprehension of students. Student achievement Students with and without learning disabilities improve performance across content areas and grade levels. Thinking and learning skills; critical thinking When students develop and use a graphic organizer their higher order thinking and critical thinking skills are enhanced. Areas of the brain affected Various areas of the brain work together in a multitude of ways in order to produce the images that we see with our eyes and that are encoded by our brains. The basis of this work takes place in the visual cortex of the brain. The visual cortex is located in the occipital lobe of the brain and harbors many other structures that aid in visual recognition, categorization, and learning. One of the first things the brain must do when acquiring new visual information is to recognize the incoming material. Brain areas involved in recognition are the inferior temporal cortex, the superior parietal cortex, and the cerebellum. During tasks of recognition, there is increased activation in the left inferior temporal cortex and decreased activation in the right superior parietal cortex. Recognition is aided by neural plasticity, or the brain's ability to reshape itself based on new information. Next the brain must categorize the material using the three main areas that are used when categorizing new visual information: the orbitofrontal cortex and two dorsolateral prefrontal regions which begin the process of sorting new information into groups and further assimilating that information into things that you might already know. After recognizing and categorizing new material entered into the visual field, the brain is ready to begin the encoding process – the process which leads to learning. Multiple brain areas are involved in this process such as the frontal lobe, the right extrastriate cortex, the neocortex, and again, the neostriatum. One area in particular, the limbic-diencephalic region, is essential for transforming perceptions into memories. With the coming together of tasks of recognition, categorization and learning; schemas help make the process of encoding new information and relating it to things you already know much easier. One can remember visual images much better when they can apply it to an already known schema. Schemas actually provide enhancement of visual memory and learning. Infancy Where it starts Between the fetal stage and 18 months, a baby experiences rapid", "title": "Visual learning" }, { "docid": "8955541", "text": "The Sustainable Communities Act 2007 (c. 23) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The Bill for this Act was a Private Member's Bill. The Sustainable Communities Act represents the campaign success by Local Works, a UK coalition of over 100 national organisations, to introduce legislation that will help reverse the trend of community decline, also called 'Ghost Town Britain'. Ghost Town Britain refers to the ongoing loss of local facilities and services including, amongst others: shops, markets, Post Offices, pubs, bank branches and health centres, etc. The term 'Ghost Town Britain' was initially coined by the British think-tank the New Economics Foundation. The Act was amended by the Sustainable Communities Act 2007 (Amendment) Act 2010. How the Act works The Sustainable Communities Act 2007 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Brought to Parliament as a Private Member's Bill, it received Royal Assent on 23 October 2007. The Sustainable Communities Act represents the campaign success by Local Works, a UK coalition of over 100 national organisations, to introduce legislation that will help reverse the trend of community decline, also called 'Ghost Town Britain'. Ghost Town Britain refers to the ongoing loss of local facilities and services including, amongst others: shops, markets, Post Offices, pubs, bank branches and health centres, etc. The term 'Ghost Town Britain' was initially coined by the British think-tank the New Economics Foundation. The Sustainable Communities Act 2007 was amended in 2010 when the Sustainable Communities Act 2007 (Amendment) Act passed through Parliament and became law on 6 April 2010. The Act sets up a process, by which councils can drive government action. Councils are given the power to make proposals to the Secretary of State, as to how government can 'assist councils in promoting the sustainability of local communities'. The SoS is then under a duty to 'reach agreement' with councils, via their representative body, the Local Government Association (the LGA – called 'the selector' in the Act) on which proposals will be given priority. The Act seeks to open up the work of local communities to greater transparency by including 'local people' in the proposal process. The Act specifies that when making their proposals to the SoS, councils must involve 'local people' by setting up, or recognising if they already exist, 'panels of representatives of local people' (or citizens' panels). Councils then must 'reach agreement' (not just consult) with those panels regarding ideas for proposals to put to the SoS for government action. Under the Act, local sustainability has four measurements: 1. Thriving local regeneration 2. Environmental protection 3. Social inclusion 4. Active democratic participation Proposals and the 'first round' under the Act The local sustainability strategies will state ways in which community decline is to be reversed and local sustainability is to be created. This could include measures to promote local shops and services, local jobs and local businesses; measures to reduce social exclusion and increase active citizenship; as well as measures to improve the local environment.", "title": "Sustainable Communities Act 2007" }, { "docid": "9321888", "text": "Narcotizing dysfunction is a theory that as mass media inundates people on a particular issue, they become apathetic to it, substituting knowledge for action. It is suggested that the vast supply of communication Americans receive may elicit only a superficial concern with the problems of society. This would result in real societal action being neglected, while superficiality covers up mass apathy. Thus, it is termed \"dysfunctional\" as it indicates the inherent dysfunction of both mass media and social media during controversial incidents and events. The theory assumes that it is not in the best interests of people to form a social mass that is politically apathetic and inert. The term narcotizing dysfunction was identified in the article \"Mass Communication, Popular Taste and Organized Social Action\", by Paul F. Lazarsfeld, and Robert K. Merton. Mass media's overwhelming flow of information has caused the populace to become passive in their social activism. Because the individual is assailed with information about a huge range of issues and problems, and they are knowledgeable about or able to discuss these issues, they believe they are helping to resolve these issues. As more time is spent educating oneself on current issues, there is a decrease in time available to take organized social action. Courses of action may be discussed, but they are rather internalized and rarely come to fruition. In short, people have unwittingly substituted knowledge for action. People's consciences are clear, as they think they have done something to address the issue. However, being informed and concerned is not a replacement for action. Even though there are increasing numbers of political messages, information, and advertisements available through traditional media and online media, political participation continues to decline. People pay close attention to the media, but there is an overexposure of messages that can get confusing and contradictory so people do not get involved in the political process. History The term \"narcotizing dysfunction\" gained popularity from its use in the 1946 article \"Mass Communication, Popular Taste, and Organized Social Action\", by Paul F. Lazarsfeld and Robert K. Merton. Along with the status conferral function (i.e., mass media bestow prestige and enhance the authority of individuals and groups by legitimizing their status) and the reaffirmation of social norms function (i.e., mass media enforce social norms by exposing deviations from these norms to public view), they spotted a third social significance of mass media that had gone largely unnoticed: a narcotizing effect making the masses of the population politically inert. The expression condenses three principles:the first supposition is that informational excess could lead to a tragic numbness and social detachment. It has to do with the social risks associated with technology use, namely, the threat of desensitizing the individual’s awareness by means of a surplus of means of communication. The second assumption relies on the assertion that to know is the same as to act. The narcotizing dysfunction draws attention to the fact that individuals tend to consider that because they are informed about a subject, they are", "title": "Narcotizing dysfunction" }, { "docid": "57865531", "text": "Howard Hamlin is a fictional character who appears in the crime drama television series Better Call Saul, a spin-off prequel of Breaking Bad. He is portrayed by Patrick Fabian and was created by Vince Gilligan and Peter Gould. Initially a foil for and longtime antagonist of Jimmy McGill, his hostility and actions towards Jimmy are later revealed to have been largely due to pressure from Chuck McGill, his business partner and Jimmy's elder brother. His attempts to correct his past behavior towards Jimmy culminate in devastating consequences. Development In May 2014, Patrick Fabian was cast in Better Call Saul, with his character described as a \"Kennedy-esque lawyer who's winning at life\". Though initially reported as Burt, the character's name was later revealed as Howard Hamlin. In the series, Howard is portrayed as cocky, arrogant, and self-centered. However, many fans of the show believe that Howard is actually a good person. Fabian commented by saying \"You know, Jimmy [McGill] called Howard 'Lord Vader' in the very first episode of Better Call Saul. And when the lead character calls your character Lord Vader, the audience goes, 'Wow, what a dick that guy's gonna be.' Then everybody starts looking at everything that falls out of my mouth as evidence backing that claim up. And even when it goes in the opposite direction—like at the end of Season 1, where it turns out I was sort of protecting Jimmy from Chuck [McGill], there is a bit of a hitch of 'Oh, maybe Howard's not so bad,' but as soon as I was quote-unquote being a dick to Kim [Wexler] in Season 2, they all got back on board and said, 'Yeah, he's Lord Vader.' I'm not complaining at all. It sort of parallels Howard's character in the show. Who's really supporting his point of view? Nobody. He's kind of on an island all to himself, saying 'This is not fair. This is not right. And it's also not my fault.' We'll see where those chickens come home to roost, as they say.\" Fabian has compared Howard to Peter Pan, saying, \"I think of him as sort of a Peter Pan, living a great existence and then these McGill Brothers [...] are sort of mucking it all up.\" Vince Gilligan said Howard was initially meant to be the series' antagonist, and Chuck as being supportive of Jimmy's efforts, but as they filmed the initial episodes and saw the interactions, the writing team came onto the idea of making Chuck the antagonist, while Howard would be more supportive of Jimmy, belying his outward rigor. In a later interview, Fabian also implied that he does not view Howard as an antagonist. The season six episode \"Plan and Execution\" features the murder of Howard by Lalo Salamanca. The writers explored dozens of possible ways for Howard's story to end. One idea they considered involved the return of the skateboarder twins from the first and second episodes of the series. In it, Howard would have been tricked into thinking", "title": "Howard Hamlin" }, { "docid": "698226", "text": "A concept map or conceptual diagram is a diagram that depicts suggested relationships between concepts. Concept maps may be used by instructional designers, engineers, technical writers, and others to organize and structure knowledge. A concept map typically represents ideas and information as boxes or circles, which it connects with labeled arrows, often in a downward-branching hierarchical structure but also in free-form maps. The relationship between concepts can be articulated in linking phrases such as \"causes\", \"requires\", \"such as\" or \"contributes to\". The technique for visualizing these relationships among different concepts is called concept mapping. Concept maps have been used to define the ontology of computer systems, for example with the object-role modeling or Unified Modeling Language formalism. Differences from other visualizations Topic maps: Both concept maps and topic maps are kinds of knowledge graph, but topic maps were developed by information management professionals for semantic interoperability of data (originally for book indices), whereas concept maps were developed by education professionals to support people's learning. In the words of concept-map researchers Joseph D. Novak and Bob Gowin, their approach to concept mapping is based on a \"learning theory that focuses on concept and propositional learning as the basis on which individuals construct their own idiosyncratic meanings\". Mind maps: Both concept maps and topic maps can be contrasted with mind mapping, which is restricted to a tree structure. Concept maps can be more free-form, as multiple hubs and clusters can be created, unlike mind maps, which emerge from a single center. History Concept mapping was developed by the professor of education Joseph D. Novak and his research team at Cornell University in the 1970s as a means of representing the emerging science knowledge of students. It has subsequently been used as a way to increase meaningful learning in the sciences and other subjects as well as to represent the expert knowledge of individuals and teams in education, government and business. Concept maps have their origin in the learning movement called constructivism. In particular, constructivists hold that learners actively construct knowledge. Novak's work is based on the cognitive theories of David Ausubel, who stressed the importance of prior knowledge in being able to learn (or assimilate) new concepts: \"The most important single factor influencing learning is what the learner already knows. Ascertain this and teach accordingly.\" Novak taught students as young as six years old to make concept maps to represent their response to focus questions such as \"What is water?\" \"What causes the seasons?\" In his book Learning How to Learn, Novak stated that a \"meaningful learning involves the assimilation of new concepts and propositions into existing cognitive structures.\" Various attempts have been made to conceptualize the process of creating concept maps. McAleese suggested that the process of making knowledge explicit, using nodes and relationships, allows the individual to become aware of what they know and as a result to be able to modify what they know. Maria Birbili applied the same idea to helping young children learn to think about what", "title": "Concept map" }, { "docid": "4105384", "text": "Harassment is a topic which, in the past few decades, has been taken increasingly seriously in the United Kingdom, and has been the subject of a number of pieces of legislation. Introduction Racial and sexual discrimination have been unlawful under the Race Relations Acts and the Equality Act 2010 (originally the Sex Discrimination Act 1975 which was repealed). Respectively, it is only comparatively recently that specific legislation has defined harassment specifically as unlawful. Because of the rise recently in awareness of the issues involved in harassment, recent trends have shown significant rises in the number of people making claims of harassment at Employment Tribunals. If the complaint is serious, high damages may be awarded against the Employer, so it is important for the Employer to take seriously any allegation of harassment at an early stage and take steps to quickly resolve it. There is also legislation in place to be able to deal with discrimination, and this legislation is distinct to that provided under the Sex Discrimination Act 1975 and the Race Relations Acts. Definition Under the Protection from Harassment Act 1997 - this statute makes harassment a crime and a civil wrong: Section 1(1): 'A course of conduct which amounts to harassment, and which the defendant knows or ought to know amounts to harassment is prohibited.' \"A person must not pursue a course of conduct '(a) which amounts to harassment of another, and (b) which he knows or ought to know amounts to harassment of the other.' 'As for what the defendant 'ought to know', the test is whether a reasonable person in possession of the same information would think it amounts to harassment' - Section 1(1)(2). The defendant need not know that their conduct amounts to harassment of the other, so long as you ought to know that your course of conduct ought to amount to harassment of the other: Per Section 1(2) - 'the person whose course of conduct is in question ought to know that it amounts to [or involves] harassment of another if a reasonable person in possession of the same information would think the course of conduct amounted to harassment of the other.Harassment also occurs when, on the grounds of race, disability, sex, sexual orientation, belief or religion, an employer - or their agent such as another employee or a manager - engages in unwanted conduct which has the purpose or effect of violating an individual's dignity or creating an interrogating, degrading, hostile offensive or humiliating environment for the employee in question. This is wide spectrum, and covers all types of harassment. Such actions can be: Physical conduct; Verbal conduct; and Non-verbal conduct. In addition, while the conduct must be unwanted by the recipient, it does not necessarily have to be that the harasser has a motive or an intention to harass. So it is still harassment even if the harasser does not know there is harm caused by their actions. Requirements for the Tort of Harassment Whilst under Section 2 of the Protection", "title": "Harassment in the United Kingdom" }, { "docid": "206364", "text": "The thinking processes in Eliyahu M. Goldratt's theory of constraints are the five methods to enable the focused improvement of any cognitive system (especially business systems). Purpose The purpose of the thinking processes is to help answer questions essential to achieving focused improvement: What to change? What to change it into? How to cause the change? Sometimes two other questions are considered as well: Why change? and: How to maintain the process of ongoing improvement (POOGI)? A more thorough rationale is presented in What is this thing called theory of constraints and how should it be implemented. A more thorough work, mapping the use and evolution of the Thinking Processes, was conducted by Mabin et al. Processes The primary thinking processes, as codified by Goldratt and others: Current reality tree (CRT, similar to the current state map used by many organizations) — evaluates the network of cause-effect relations between the undesirable effects (UDE's, also known as gap elements) and helps to pinpoint the root cause(s) of most of the undesirable effects. Evaporating cloud (conflict resolution diagram or CRD) - solves conflicts that usually perpetuate the causes for an undesirable situation. Core conflict cloud (CCC) - A combination of conflict clouds based on several UDE's. Looking for deeper conflicts that create the undesirable effects. Future reality tree (FRT, similar to a future state map) - Once some actions (injections) are chosen (not necessarily detailed) to solve the root cause(s) uncovered in the CRT and to resolve the conflict in the CRD the FRT shows the future states of the system and helps to identify possible negative outcomes of the changes (Negative Branches) and to prune them before implementing the changes. Negative branch reservations (NBR) - Identify potential negative ramifications of any action (such as an injection, or a half-baked idea). The goal of the NBR is to understand the causal path between the action and negative ramifications so that the negative effect can be \"trimmed.\" Positive reinforcement loop (PRL) - Desired effect (DE) presented in FRT amplifies intermediate objective (IO) that is earlier (lower) in the tree. While intermediate objective is strengthened it positively affects this DE. Finding out PRLs makes FRT more sustaining. Prerequisite tree (PRT) - states that all of the intermediate objectives necessary to carry out an action chosen and the obstacles that will be overcome in the process. Transition tree (TT) - describes in great detail the action that will lead to the fulfillment of a plan to implement changes (outlined on a PRT or not). Strategy & tactics (S&T) - the overall project plan and metrics that will lead to a successful implementation and the ongoing loop through POOGI. Goldratt adapted three operating level performance measures—throughput, inventory and operating expense—and adopted three strategic performance measures—net income, return on investment, and cash flow—to maintain the change. Some observers note that these processes are not fundamentally very different from some other management change models such as PDCA \"plan–do–check–act\" (aka \"plan–do–study–act\") or \"survey–assess–decide–implement–evaluate\", but the way they can be", "title": "Thinking processes (theory of constraints)" }, { "docid": "26240377", "text": "Counterplanning in conflict resolution is the process through which an actor reaches his or her goals by formulating plans that account for the plans and goals of others (e.g. enemies, neutrals, or friends). When the plans and goals of one actor interfere with those of another actor, a conflict exists. These conflicts lead to second- and third-order undesired effects. The best counterplanning techniques to be used in a given situation vary based on the characteristics of the conflict. Counterplanning techniques are common in everyday life and in military planning. Goal conflicts Goal conflicts arise when the desired world states of one or more actors cannot co-exist. This can be resolved by a number of techniques, which fall into three types of strategies. General strategies Block competing coal: One actor prevents the other from achieving its goal. Priority scheduling: One actor places time priority on its goal, achieving it before the other actor realizes its goal. Goal schedule interference: One actor delays the other actor's goal achievement. Diversion strategies Threatening higher level goals: One actor causes a goal of another actor that is more important than the mutually exclusive goal to no longer be satisfied. This causes the other actor to focus on the higher priority goal. Dissipation of effort: One actor threatens goals of another actor, causing the other actor to apply its effort to fixing the disrupted goals rather than achieving the mutually exclusive goal. Diversion strategies can either be applied directly or applied by deceiving the other actor into thinking certain goals are threatened. Compromise strategies Partial fulfillment: Each actor partially achieves its goal. Goal substitution: One actor changes its goal to a non-mutually exclusive goal. Cooperation by mutual need: The actors can partially fulfill their goals only by working together. Mutual goal abandonment: If preventing the other actor from achieving its goal is more important than achieving the actor's own goal, one may convince the other to abandon its goal. One must also account for counterplanning techniques applied by other actors. A goal conflict counterplanning technique called \"Expected Blocking\" involves preventing another actor from applying the techniques described above. Plan conflicts Plan conflicts occur when the actions of one or more actors prevent other actions from achieving their desired effect. Plan conflicts can be analyzed on the following dimensions: Accidental versus intentional: An accidental plan conflict is when carrying out a plan inadvertently prevents another actor from completing its plan. An intentional plan conflict is when an actor carries out a plan, knowing that it will prevent another actor's plan from succeeding. Competitive versus cooperative: A competitive plan conflict occurs between actors, each of which benefit by preventing the other's success. A cooperative plan conflict occurs between actors who benefit from each other's success. Inconvenience versus total blockage: An inconvenient plan conflict can be resolved if one actor switches to an alternate plan which is capable of achieving the goal in question. A total blockage exists when there is no viable alternative. No underlying goal conflict versus", "title": "Counterplanning" }, { "docid": "7733826", "text": "In sociology, a significant symbol is a gesture (usually a vocal gesture) that calls out in the individual making the gesture the same (i.e., functionally identical) response that is called out in others to whom the gesture is directed. Significant symbols are a later by-product of the meaning emergent in the act, which meaning is described, or accounted for, in terms of symbols or language. Origin Significant symbols originated by the social behaviorist George Herbert Mead, who made a great impact in sociologist studies in the 20th century. Mead was interested specifically in the work of Wilhelm Wundt. It was from Wundt that Mead gained an understanding how the gesture is involved in social interaction. This sociological term significant symbols is the basis for symbolic interactionism, which attempts to define the self. Language Language, in Mead's view, is communication through significant symbols. Physical objects can be significant symbols, but vocal gestures, especially language, are the crucial significant symbols. Language brings out the same response in both the speaker and hearer. Language is the highest form of communication, a mature development of the gesture situation; therefore, the major tool of the interaction from which minds and selves emerge. Language is important because it is the means by which an individual may convey his attitudes and assume the roles of others, and thus participate in the interactionary creation of mind and self. Language also makes possible the critically important ability of people to think, to engage in mental processes. Thinking, as well as the mind, is simply defined as conversation that people have with themselves using language; this activity is like having a conversation with other people. Language allows people to stimulate their own actions as well as those of others. Role-taking and coordinated behavior Through role-taking and the development of significant gestures and symbols the mind develops as the ability to indicate to one's self the same response that one's gestures had brought out in others, and to control the response in terms of it. Accuracy in role-taking also implies a preexisting social world of shared linguistic meanings that enable actors to respond to their own oncoming behavior in the same way as the other. Without them, role-taking and coordinated behavior could not proceed. Significant symbols' specific meaning differs in various social situations. Communication Significant communication may also be defined as the comprehension by the individual through the meaning of her gestures. Mead describes the communication process as a social act since it necessarily requires at least two individuals in interaction with one another. It is within this act that meaning arises. The act of communication has a triadic structure consisting of the following components: An initiating gesture on the part of an individual A response to that gesture by a second individual The result of the action initiated by the first gesture In and during the social contact, the mind recognizes symbols and translates those symbols, and acts or adjusts to symbols based on the previous knowledge of meaning. Significance", "title": "Significant symbols" }, { "docid": "8151064", "text": "The rational planning model is a model of the planning process involving a number of rational actions or steps. Taylor (1998) outlines five steps, as follows: Definition of the problems and/or goals; Identification of alternative plans/policies; Evaluation of alternative plans/policies; Implementation of plans/policies; Monitoring of effects of plans/policies. The rational planning model is used in planning and designing neighborhoods, cities, and regions. It has been central in the development of modern urban planning and transportation planning. The model has many limitations, particularly the lack of guidance on involving stakeholders and the community affected by planning, and other models of planning, such as collaborative planning, are now also widely used. The very similar rational decision-making model, as it is called in organizational behavior, is a process for making logically sound decisions. This multi-step model and aims to be logical and follow the orderly path from problem identification through solution. Rational decision making is a multi-step process for making logically sound decisions that aims to follow the orderly path from problem identification through solution. Method Rational decision-making or planning follows a series of steps detailed below: Verify, define, detail the problem, give solution or alternative to the problem Verifying, defining & detailing the problem (problem definition, goal definition, information gathering). This step includes recognizing the problem, defining an initial solution, and starting primary analysis. Examples of this are creative devising, creative ideas, inspirations, breakthroughs, and brainstorms. The very first step which is normally overlooked by the top level management is defining the exact problem. Though we think that the problem identification is obvious, many times it is not. When defining the problem situation, framing is essential part of the process. With correct framing, the situation is identified and possible previous experience with same kind of situation can be utilized. The rational decision making model is a group-based decision making process. If the problem is not identified properly then we may face a problem as each and every member of the group might have a different definition of the problem. Generate all possible solutions This step encloses two to three final solutions to the problem and preliminary implementation to the site. In planning, examples of this are Planned Units of Development and downtown revitalizations. This activity is best done in groups, as different people may contribute different ideas or alternative solutions to the problem. Without alternative solutions, there is a chance of arriving at a non-optimal or a rational decision. For exploring the alternatives it is necessary to gather information. Technology may help with gathering this information. Generate objective assessment criteria Evaluative criteria are measurements to determine success and failure of alternatives. This step contains secondary and final analysis along with secondary solutions to the problem. Examples of this are site suitability and site sensitivity analysis. After going thoroughly through the process of defining the problem, exploring for all the possible alternatives for that problem and gathering information this step says evaluate the information and the possible options to anticipate the consequences of", "title": "Rational planning model" }, { "docid": "63662981", "text": "Climate psychology is a field that aims to further our understanding of the psychological processes that occur in response to climate change and its resultant effects. It also seeks to promote creative ways to engage with the public about climate change; contribute to change at the personal, community, cultural, and political levels; support activists, scientists and policy makers to bring about effective change; to nurture psychological resilience to the destructive impacts of climate change happening now and in the future. Definition Climate psychology can refer to: Effects of climate change on mental health Psychological impact of climate change Psychological aspects surrounding climate inaction Psychological aspects surrounding climate communication (see Climate communication#Applying findings from psychology) Psychology of climate change denial Academic discipline Climate psychology is a trans-disciplinary approach to research and practice. It focuses on the society-wide reluctance to take appropriate action in relation to the escalating threat of climate change. It seems the problem as requiring a deeper approach, that examines our resistance to knowing and acting, rather than seeing it as an “information deficit” to be treated by cognitive or behavioral approaches. It stresses the significance of human emotions, identities and cultural assumptions. Furthermore, it acknowledges the human subject as nested within their social and ecological context. In order to meet its aims and develop its approach, climate psychology draws on a broad range of perspectives, including: literature, philosophy, world religions, the arts, humanities and systems thinking. The core of the approach is based on various psychotherapeutic traditions and psycho-social studies, allowing climate psychologists to understand the unconscious or unacknowledged emotions and processes influencing people’s thoughts, motivations and behaviors. This applies especially to these processes that manifest in the broader context of the wider society and culture. As of 2020, the discipline of climate psychology had grown to include many subfields. This is in response to the spread of, what has recently been called, climate anxiety, which is a manifestation of the decades-old understanding of eco-anxiety. Climate psychologists are working with the United Nations, national and local governments, with corporations, NGOs, and individuals. Climate psychology in practice In recent years, climate psychologists are facilitating support groups for activists, particularly those active in the support of pro-environmental behaviors across society. They are also developing initiatives such as cooperative inquiry, a method of doing research into psychological phenomena where the participants are fully involved and act as co-researchers, allowing for a broader range of richer, qualitative data. In August 2022, scientists and their colleagues came together to protest rebellion outside of the Department of Business, Energy, and Industrial Strategy in London. During this time, as shown on the news, many climate scientists were having mental breakdowns and showing extreme signs of emotional turmoil and anguish. Climate psychologists over the years have watched not only scientists go through this environmental change, seeing how it has negatively impacted millions. They support groups through behavioral practices and studies to help obtain precise data and comprehension from person to person within these activist groups. The", "title": "Climate psychology" }, { "docid": "38180529", "text": "Social decision-making is a concept that involves business decisions with a key aspect of social and organizational psychology. Decision-making is the act of evaluating different ideas or alternatives and ultimately choosing the alternative that will most likely get you to your goal (Kahneman). Different social environments can affect somebody’s decision-making. Decision-making is important in simple day-to-day activities and is also needed in many professions. Studying and knowing what can affect someone’s decision-making and knowing what affects you and your decision-making is the first step to preventing it from affecting you. There has been much progress in recent years towards understanding social decision-making; some schools provide a social decision-making program that helps alleviate the stress that may be affecting decision-making. Years of studying social psychology and social neuroscience have recorded that when you first interact with someone different \"processes\" occur. These include impression formation (impression of someone’s character based on available information on their traits/behaviors), spontaneous trait formation (forming impressions of people based on their behavior), and mental state inference. These processes would not be occurring without help from different parts of the brain. Some of the brain regions that are involved are \"medial prefrontal cortex, superior temporal sulcus, temporal parietal junction, and precuneus\". These processes can affect decision-making since \"mental state inferences occur spontaneously and automatically.\" With social decision-making, it is taking both the process of decision-making and the social aspect of other people and putting those two together. The decision-making process can include learning both sides of the decision, the value to both sides, and the feedback process. In a social decision-making situation on top of the factors of decision-making you have the added stress of another person or people and their mental state. It is natural for people to be paying more attention to what impression they are making on the person they are communicating with and with this it becomes harder to tell, in some cases, the true nature of the person. A person is more apt to change their traits or personality if they want to make a different impression. \"Because things like traits, which are essential to thinking about people, are invisible features of a person and are often inferred, it is harder to verify that a person is trustworthy than it is to verify that a computer, for example, is trustworthy\". Human interaction and decision-making alone are both complex processes that tend to be overlooked as simple, but studying the two you can see they are in fact not simple at all and deserve to be looked at more. Humans are strongly motivated to always predict and explain others behaviors. Social decision-making is made difficult because of the uncertainty of the other person’s behavior. Humans believe they are good at predicting other people, but it is also easy for that person to act differently or create their own actions for that time being. To help form an accurate representation of someone, social feedback is a good option. Feedback is part of the process of", "title": "Social decision-making" }, { "docid": "3013401", "text": "Challenge square dance, also known as Challenge dancing, is modern western square dance focused on the puzzle-solving aspects of square dancing at the most difficult or \"challenging\" levels. In modern square dancing, the dancers interpret the caller's directions (calls) to determine whom to act with, where to go, and how to get there. All square dancers learn standard \"definitions\" of calls, which they recall and use when the caller issues a given command. Most square dancers learn about 100 calls. Challenge dancing involves many more calls, and the definitions and choreographic combinations are more abstract and difficult to process. The same physical movements (e.g. arm turns, passing by) are employed, but deciphering the complex commands and figuring out what you're supposed to do is much more challenging. Levels and lists Modern western square dancing is organized into a hierarchy of standard syllabus programs (also called \"levels\"). Each level is described by a list of the calls that will be used, inclusive of all the material from the lower levels. The higher the program, the more material (i.e. calls) on that list, and the greater ability to recall and handle complexity is required of the dancers. The levels preceding Challenge are: Mainstream, Plus, and Advanced (A1 and A2). There are five Challenge levels: Basic Challenge (C1), Extended Challenge (C2), Extended Challenge (C3A), Challenge 3B (C3B) and Challenge 4 (C4). The first three of these are maintained and organized by Callerlab, while the last two exist on a more ad hoc basis, maintained by a small set of interested callers. As a result of this there are a few different C4 lists, mostly the same, but with various differences. What makes Challenge dancing challenging? C1 dancers must be familiar with about 250 calls (including those from Mainstream, Plus, and Advanced). By C3, the dancers must be familiar with more than 400 calls. C4 dancers typically know at least 700 calls. Challenge square dancing not only involves knowing many more calls, but is typified by the extensive use of Concepts, abstract and physical formations, \"Phantom\" dancers, and call deconstruction (such as Fractionalization). Some square dance calls are more complex than others, involving more series of actions and more abstract identifications of whom to do the action with. Challenge lists include more of these complex calls, but none are by themselves more complex than calls at the Advanced level. Much of Challenge dancing uses basic calls (such as \"Right And Left Thru\", or notably, \"Circulate\"). However, Challenge demands that the dancers have precise understanding of the call definitions, and combines and modifies calls in a way that yields more complex interpretations. Concepts In addition to the calls which denote a particular dance action, Challenge dancing makes extensive use of \"concepts\" which denote modifications to calls – either how they are executed or to whom they apply. There are only a few concepts before C1, e.g., the \"As Couples\" concept in Advanced. Each Challenge level adds about another ten new concepts. As with calls, the", "title": "Challenge square dance" }, { "docid": "20511800", "text": "You're in the Movies is a party video game for Xbox 360, developed by Zoë Mode and published by Codemasters in North America and the PAL territories in 2008, and in Australia and Japan in 2009. Players perform actions such as applying make-up, jogging in place, driving a car and playing volleyball, which are filmed using the Xbox Live Vision camera and assembled into a movie. The game includes 30 movie scenarios that can involve up to four people. Previous video can be stored on the console and sent to friends via e-mail. The game was met with mixed reviews, receiving criticism for the bundled camera. Gameplay You're in the Movies uses the bundled Xbox Live Vision camera. Players must complete mini-games by mimicking actions that will appear in a movie trailer, in the context of various science fiction, thriller, and adventure stories. Scores are awarded based on how closely each player manages to mimic the action required. Afterwards, players have to do a series of pick-up shots by assuming various facial expressions for the camera, such as an evil grin or a look of intense concentration. Videos can be shared to people in different households via links sent by Xbox through email. Development Zoë Mode, who had previous experience with camera games, conceived the idea of You're in the Movies from the virtual green screen technology they had used in their previous games. They thought a movie game would be a \"perfect fit\" for this technology. Andy Trowers, the lead designer of the game, stated the following: Initially, the developers filmed one movie and designed games that would fit the characters' actions as a proof-of-concept. The movie themes and mini-games were conceived by the creative design team, who wanted to evoke a B-movie atmosphere. Trowers noted that designing mini-games was \"quite an organic process\": \"Sometimes we'd have a movie and we'd say OK, we want the player to do this in the scene, which is the action we want, so try to think of a game idea for this. But other times we'd be thinking, \"Oh, you know what, we got this great idea for a game and these are the essential actions we can get out of it, how are we going to use it in movies?\" So it was really a three-way process, trying to figure out what we could get people to do, what would be fun, how it would fit in the movie—it wasn't just one process of doing it, it had to go both ways\". Some movie ideas were left out of the final game. Release and promotion The developers originally thought the game's target audience would be adults. Towers noted: \"We started out with an idea that the users are going to be fairly old, but then as we sort of made the game we focused it. We realized that lots of different people get fun out of the game in lots of different ways. We tested on young kids, we tested on", "title": "You're in the Movies" }, { "docid": "3929834", "text": "Regret is the emotion of wishing one had made a different decision in the past, because the consequences of the decision one did make were unfavorable. Regret is related to perceived opportunity. Its intensity varies over time after the decision, in regard to action versus inaction, and in regard to self-control at a particular age. The self-recrimination which comes with regret is thought to spur corrective action and adaptation. In Western societies adults have the highest regrets regarding choices of their education. Definition Regret has been defined by psychologists in the late 1990s as a \"negative emotion predicated on an upward, self-focused, counterfactual inference\". Another definition is \"an aversive emotional state elicited by a discrepancy in the outcome values of chosen vs. unchosen actions\". Regret differs from remorse in that people can regret things beyond their control, but remorse indicates a sense of responsibility for the situation. For example, a person can feel regret that people die during natural disasters, but cannot feel remorse for that situation. However, a person who intentionally harms someone should feel remorse for those actions. Agent regret is the idea that a person could be involved in a situation, and regret their involvement even if those actions were innocent, unintentional, or involuntary. For example, if someone decides to die by stepping in front of a moving vehicle, the death is not the fault of the driver, but the driver may still regret that the person died. Regret is distinct from disappointment. Both are negative emotional experiences relating to a loss outcome, and both have similar neuronal correlates. However, they differ in regard to feedback about the outcome, comparing the difference between outcomes for the chosen vs. unchosen action; In regret, full feedback occurs and with disappointment partial feedback. They also differ in regard to agency (self in regret versus external in disappointment). Models There are conceptual models of regret in regret (decision theory) mostly in theoretical economics and finance under a field called behavioral economics. Anticipated regret, or how much regret one thinks one will feel in the future, appears to be overestimated for actions and choices. This appears to be, in part, due to a tendency to underestimate the extent to which people attribute bad outcomes to external factors rather than to internal factors (i.e., themselves). It can lead to inaction or inertia and omission bias. Existential regret has been specifically defined as \"a profound desire to go back and change a past experience in which one has failed to choose consciously or has made a choice that did not follow one’s beliefs, values, or growth needs\". Instruments to measure regret in people having to make medical decisions have failed to address current concepts of regret and failed to differentiate regret from disappointment. They have also not looked for positive impacts of regret. Process regret may occur, if a person does not consider information about all available choices before making a decision. People will go out of their way to avoid regret which is", "title": "Regret" }, { "docid": "19850468", "text": "Computational thinking (CT) refers to the thought processes involved in formulating problems so their solutions can be represented as computational steps and algorithms. In education, CT is a set of problem-solving methods that involve expressing problems and their solutions in ways that a computer could also execute. It involves automation of processes, but also using computing to explore, analyze, and understand processes (natural and artificial). History The history of computational thinking as a concept dates back at least to the 1950s but most ideas are much older. Computational thinking involves ideas like abstraction, data representation, and logically organizing data, which are also prevalent in other kinds of thinking, such as scientific thinking, engineering thinking, systems thinking, design thinking, model-based thinking, and the like. Neither the idea nor the term are recent: Preceded by terms like algorithmizing, procedural thinking, algorithmic thinking, and computational literacy by computing pioneers like Alan Perlis and Donald Knuth, the term computational thinking was first used by Seymour Papert in 1980 and again in 1996. Computational thinking can be used to algorithmically solve complicated problems of scale, and is often used to realize large improvements in efficiency. The phrase computational thinking was brought to the forefront of the computer science education community in 2006 as a result of a Communications of the ACM essay on the subject by Jeannette Wing. The essay suggested that thinking computationally was a fundamental skill for everyone, not just computer scientists, and argued for the importance of integrating computational ideas into other subjects in school. The essay also said that by learning computational thinking, children will be better in many everyday tasks—as examples, the essay gave packing one's backpack, finding one's lost mittens, and knowing when to stop renting and buying instead. The continuum of computational thinking questions in education ranges from K–9 computing for children to professional and continuing education, where the challenge is how to communicate deep principles, maxims, and ways of thinking between experts. For the first ten years computational thinking was a US-centered movement, and still today that early focus is seen in the field's research. The field's most cited articles and most cited people were active in the early US CT wave, and the field's most active researcher networks are US-based. Dominated by US and European researchers, it is unclear to what extent can the field's predominantly Western body of research literature cater to the needs of students in other cultural groups. An ongoing effort to globalize effective thinking skills in everyday life is emerging in the Prolog community, whose Prolog Education Committee, sponsored by the Association for Logic Programming has the mission of \"making Computational and Logical Thinking through Prolog and its successors a core subject in educational curricula and beyond, worldwide\". Characteristics The characteristics that define computational thinking are decomposition, pattern recognition / data representation, generalization/abstraction, and algorithms. By decomposing a problem, identifying the variables involved using data representation, and creating algorithms, a generic solution results. The generic solution is a generalization or abstraction that", "title": "Computational thinking" }, { "docid": "5801344", "text": "Normalization refers to social processes through which ideas and actions come to be seen as 'normal' and become taken-for-granted or 'natural' in everyday life. There are different behavioral attitudes that humans accept as normal, such as grief for a loved one, avoiding danger, and not participating in cannibalism. Foucault The concept of normalization can be found in the work of Michel Foucault, especially Discipline and Punish, in the context of his account of disciplinary power. As Foucault used the term, normalization involved the construction of an idealized norm of conduct – for example, the way a proper soldier ideally should stand, march, present arms, and so on, as defined in minute detail – and then rewarding or punishing individuals for conforming to or deviating from this ideal. In Foucault's account, normalization was one of an ensemble of tactics for exerting the maximum social control with the minimum expenditure of force, which Foucault calls \"disciplinary power\". Disciplinary power emerged over the course of the 19th century, came to be used extensively in military barracks, hospitals, asylums, schools, factories, offices, and so on, and hence became a crucial aspect of social structure in modern societies. In Security, Territory, Population, a lecture given at the Collège de France in 1978, Foucault defined normalization thus:Normalization consists first of all in positing a model, an optimal model that is constructed in terms of a certain result, and the operation of disciplinary normalization consists in trying to get people, movements, and actions to conform to this model, the normal being precisely that which can conform to this norm, and the abnormal that which is incapable of conforming to the norm. In other words, it is not the normal and the abnormal that is fundamental and primary in disciplinary normalization, it is the norm. That is, there is an originally prescriptive character of the norm and the determination and the identification of the normal and the abnormal becomes possible in relation to this posited norm. Normalization process theory Normalization process theory is a middle-range theory used mainly in medical sociology and science and technology studies to provide a framework for understanding the social processes by which new ways of thinking, working and organizing become routinely incorporated in everyday work. Normalization process theory has its roots in empirical studies of technological innovation in healthcare, and especially in the evaluation of complex interventions. Normalization process theory covers four primary domains: (i) sense-making that creates coherence, (ii) organizing mental activity to manifest cognitive participation related to the behavior, (iii) operationalizing the behaviour through collective action, and (iv) appraising and adapting behaviours through reflexive monitoring. Implementation of a normalization process can be studied through the \"NPT toolkit\". See also References Social constructionism Sociological terminology", "title": "Normalization (sociology)" }, { "docid": "2550255", "text": "Soft skills, also known as power skills, common skills, essential skills, or core skills, are psychosocial skills generally applicable to all professions. These include critical thinking, problem solving, public speaking, professional writing, teamwork, digital literacy, leadership, professional attitude, work ethic, career management and intercultural fluency. This is in contrast to hard skills, which are specific to individual professions. The word \"skill\" highlights the practical function. The term alone has a broad meaning, and describes a particular ability to complete tasks ranging from easier ones like learning how to kick a ball to harder ones like learning to be creative. In this specific instance, the word \"skill\" has to be interpreted as the ability to master hardly controlled actions. History .The term \"soft skills\" was created by the U.S. Army in the late 1960s. It refers to any skill that does not employ the use of machinery. The military realized that many important activities were included within this category, and in fact, the social skills necessary to lead groups, motivate soldiers, and win wars were encompassed by skills they had not yet catalogued or fully studied. Since 1959, the U.S. Army has been investing a considerable amount of resources into technology-based development of training procedures. In 1968 the U.S. Army officially introduced a training doctrine known as \"Systems Engineering of Training\" covered in the document CON Reg 35 -100-1. PG Whitmore cited the CON Reg 350-100-1 definition: \"job-related skills involving actions affecting primarily people and paper, e.g., inspecting troops, supervising office personnel, conducting studies, preparing maintenance reports, preparing efficiency reports, designing bridge structures.\" In 1972, a US Army training manual began the formal usage of the term \"soft skills\". At the 1972 CONARC Soft Skills Conference, Dr. Whitmore presented a report aimed at figuring out how the term \"soft skills\" is understood in various CONARC schools. After designing and processing a questionnaire, experts formulated a new tentative definition: \"Soft skills are important job-related skills that involve little or no interaction with machines and whose application on the job is quite generalized.\" They further criticized the state of the concept then as vague with a remark \"in other words, those job functions about which we know a good deal are hard skills and those about which we know very little are soft skills.\" Another immediate study by them also concluded in a negative tone. Psychologist Nicholas Humphrey famously stated that social intelligence, rather than qualitative intelligence, defines humans. Many industries today give prominence to the soft skills of their employees. Some companies now offer professional training of soft skills to their employees. Concept Soft skills are personal attributes that enable someone to interact effectively. These skills can include social graces, communication abilities, language skills, personal habits, cognitive or emotional empathy, time management, teamwork and leadership traits. A definition based on review literature explains soft skills as an umbrella term for skills under three key functional elements: people skills, social skills, and personal career attributes. The importance of soft skills lies in the", "title": "Soft skills" }, { "docid": "11669187", "text": "Memory rehearsal is a term for the role of repetition in the retention of memories. It involves repeating information over and over in order to get the information processed and stored as a memory. Types Maintenance rehearsal Maintenance rehearsal is a type of memory rehearsal that is useful in maintaining information in short-term memory or working memory. Because this usually involves repeating information without thinking about its meaning or connecting it to other information, the information is not usually transferred to long-term memory. An example of maintenance rehearsal would be repeating a phone number mentally, or aloud until the number is entered into the phone to make the call. The number is held in working memory long enough to make the call, but never transferred to long-term memory. An hour, or even five minutes after the call, the phone number will no longer be remembered. In 1972, Craik and Lockhart proposed that memory recall involves multiple processes operating at different levels. Maintenance rehearsal involves repeatedly processing an item at the same level (Baddeley, 2009), which requires little attention. It has the potential to improve immediate recall, but has little effect in recall in long-term memory. Depending on the information that needs to be processed determines which route of recall an individual will use. For example, if the information only needs to be used temporarily, a person will use maintenance rehearsal in working memory. However, if the information needs to be used at a later date, most likely a person will use elaborative rehearsal. In elaborative rehearsal, the information is processed at a deeper level and has the ability to move to long-term memory. In a literature review, researchers proposed a hypothesis that \"Information entering working memory from the visual external world is processed by structures in the parietal and temporal lobes specialized for perceptual processing\". Maintenance rehearsal has the potential to assist in long-term memory in certain situations. In a previous study, researchers looked at the difference in recall for a set of words between participants who knew they were going to be asked to recall the words, in which they repeated the words multiple times and the participants who did not know they were going to recall the words, in which they only repeated the words once (Baddeley, 2009). The group that were told they would have to recall the words at a later date did significantly better than those who were not told they would have to recall (Baddeley, 2009). There is also a positive correlation between the meaningfulness of words and how much an individual will remember them (Baddeley, 2009). The more meaning an individual associates with a certain word or a list of words, the more likely and easier it will be for them to remember them if asked to repeat them at a later date. There can be differences in which younger and older children rehearse. Dempster (1981) reports that in younger children, they tend to only rehearse one item at a time. This helps", "title": "Memory rehearsal" }, { "docid": "13403120", "text": "The New Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is an American live-action and animated fantasy television series that originally aired on NBC from September 15, 1968, through February 23, 1969. Produced by Hanna-Barbera and based on the classic Mark Twain characters, the program starred its three live-action heroes, Huck Finn (Michael Shea), Becky Thatcher (LuAnn Haslam), and Tom Sawyer (Kevin Schultz), navigating weekly adventures within an animated world as they attempted to outrun a vengeful \"Injun Joe\" (voiced by Ted Cassidy). After the show's original run, the series continued to air in reruns as part of The Banana Splits and Friends Show syndication package. Production In February 1967, Hanna-Barbera Productions announced it was in the process of developing a record number of six new animated television series. According to the Los Angeles Times, the six new series in various stages of production at the time were Moby Dick and Mighty Mightor, Zartan (a.k.a. The Herculoids), Shazzan, Samson & Goliath, Fantastic Four and The New Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Also nearing the end of post-production at the time was Hanna-Barbera's Jack and the Beanstalk, an hour-long special which featured Gene Kelly dancing alongside various cartoon characters and aired on February 26, 1967. In a 2005 interview, LuAnn Haslam stated that Jack and the Beanstalk had served as a \"trial run\" for the technology of combining live-action with animation, saying, \"NBC had to be convinced that combining people with cartoon figures would work. It was a big success and so NBC went forward with our series.\" At the time of production, The New Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was the first weekly television series to combine live-action performers and animation. During development of the series, William Hanna and Joseph Barbera also stated the show was to be the most expensive half hour ever put on television. In a July 1967 interview with columnist Hal Humphrey, William Hanna expressed high hopes for the innovative new concept, saying \"When you say the word 'cartoon', people think of children only, and we limit ourselves – although plenty of adults watch cartoons. We think combining the live action with the animation will give our company a special identification,\" with Joseph Barbera adding, \"And do you know the clothes from that period are 'mod' today? The kids are wearing the same high-gaiter shoes now that Huck and Tom wore then.\" After NBC green-lit the series, preparations began to find the youngsters to portray the series' three leads. In 2005, Haslam recalled the casting process, saying \"(T)he show was produced by both Hanna-Barbera and NBC. As a result there were a lot of people to make happy when it came to choosing the cast. As I understand it, Hanna-Barbera cast the show and sent some kind of screen test/pilot to the NBC executives in New York. NBC didn't like the choices that had been made. They decided that they wanted the cast to be younger. So Hanna-Barbera had to start all over again.\" In casting their lead, Hanna-Barbera and NBC eventually", "title": "The New Adventures of Huckleberry Finn" }, { "docid": "334507", "text": "Procedural knowledge (also known as know-how, knowing-how, and sometimes referred to as practical knowledge, imperative knowledge, or performative knowledge) is the knowledge exercised in the performance of some task. Unlike descriptive knowledge (also known as declarative knowledge, propositional knowledge or \"knowing-that\"), which involves knowledge of specific facts or propositions (e.g. \"I know that snow is white\"), procedural knowledge involves one's ability to do something (e.g. \"I know how to change a flat tire\"). A person doesn't need to be able to verbally articulate their procedural knowledge in order for it to count as knowledge, since procedural knowledge requires only knowing how to correctly perform an action or exercise a skill. The term procedural knowledge has narrower but related technical uses in both cognitive psychology and intellectual property law. Overview Procedural knowledge (i.e., knowledge-how) is different from descriptive knowledge (i.e., knowledge-that) in that it can be directly applied to a task. For instance, the procedural knowledge one uses to solve problems differs from the declarative knowledge one possesses about problem solving because this knowledge is formed by doing. The distinction between knowing-how and knowing-that was brought to prominence in epistemology by Gilbert Ryle who used it in his book The Concept of Mind. Know-how is also often referred to as street smarts (sometimes conceived as the opposite of book smarts), and a person employing their street smarts as street wise. Know-how is often tacit knowledge, which means that it can be difficult to transfer to another person by means of writing it down or verbalising it. The opposite of tacit knowledge is explicit knowledge. Definition Procedural knowledge is the \"know how\" attributed to technology defined by cognitive psychologists, which is simply \"know how to do it\" knowledge. Part of the complexity of it comes in trying to link it to terms such as process, problem solving, strategic thinking and the like, which in turn requires distinguishing different levels of procedure. It is the ability to execute action sequences to solve problems. This type of knowledge is tied to specific problem types and therefore is not widely generalizable. Procedural knowledge is goal-oriented and mediates problem-solving behavior. The concept of procedural knowledge is also widely used in mathematics educational researches. The well-influential definition of procedural knowledge in this domain comes from the introductory chapter by Hiebert and Lefevre (1986) of the seminal book \"Conceptual and procedural knowledge: The case of mathematics\", in which they divided procedural knowledge into two categories. The first one is a familiarity with the individual symbols of the system and with the syntactic conventions for acceptable configurations of symbols. The second one consists of rules or procedures of solving mathematical problems. In other words, they define procedural knowledge as knowledge of the syntax, steps conventions and rules for manipulating symbols. Many of the procedures that students possess probably are chains of prescriptions for manipulating symbols. In their definition, procedural knowledge includes algorithms, which means if one executes the procedural steps in a predetermined order and without errors, one is", "title": "Procedural knowledge" }, { "docid": "227101", "text": "Strategic planning is an organization's process of defining its strategy or direction, and making decisions on allocating its resources to attain strategic goals. Furthermore, it may also extend to control mechanisms for guiding the implementation of the strategy. Strategic planning became prominent in corporations during the 1960s and remains an important aspect of strategic management. It is executed by strategic planners or strategists, who involve many parties and research sources in their analysis of the organization and its relationship to the environment in which it competes. Strategy has many definitions, but it generally involves setting strategic goals, determining actions to achieve the goals, setting a timeline, and mobilizing resources to execute the actions. A strategy describes how the ends (goals) will be achieved by the means (resources) in a given span of time. Often, Strategic Planning is long term and organizational action steps are established from two to five years in the future. The senior leadership of an organization is generally tasked with determining strategy. Strategy can be planned (intended) or can be observed as a pattern of activity (emergent) as the organization adapts to its environment or competes in the market. Strategy includes processes of formulation and implementation; strategic planning helps coordinate both. However, strategic planning is analytical in nature (i.e., it involves \"finding the dots\"); strategy formation itself involves synthesis (i.e., \"connecting the dots\") via strategic thinking. As such, strategic planning occurs around the strategy formation activity. Strategic planning can be used in Project Management that focuses on the development of standard methodology that is repeatable and will result to high chances of achieving project objectives. This requires a lot of thinking process and interaction among stakeholders. Strategic planning in Project Management provides an organization the framework and consistency of action. In addition, it ensures communication of overall goals and understanding roles of teams or individual to achieve them. The commitment of top management must be evident throughout the process to reduce resistance to change, ensure acceptance, and avoid common pitfalls. Strategic Planning does not guarantee success but will help improve likelihood of success of an organization. In educational institutions, strategic planning is also a need. We are already in a transitional period in which old practices are no longer permanent but require revision to meet the needs of academia, which is frustrating in the educational sector. To meet the changing needs of this new society, educational institutions must reorganize. Finding ways to maintain achievements while improving effectiveness can be difficult for educational institutions. Keeping up with society's rapid changes. Some strategic planners are hesitant to address societal outcomes, so they often ignore them and assume they will happen on their own. Instead of defining the vision for how we want our children to live, they direct their attention to courses, content, and resources with the mistaken belief that societally useful outcomes will follow. When this occurs, the true strategic plan is never developed or implemented. Process Overview Strategic planning is a process and thus has inputs, activities,", "title": "Strategic planning" }, { "docid": "52448570", "text": "Kingsland v. Dorsey, 338 U.S. 318 (1949), like Hazel-Atlas Glass Co. v. Hartford-Empire Co., is another patent fraud decision of the United States Supreme Court growing out of the antitrust cartel case described in Hartford-Empire Co. v. United States. Kingsland is widely quoted for its statement that the prosecution of patent applications in the Patent Office \"requires the highest degree of candor and good faith\" because the Patent Office \"must rely upon [patent attorneys'] integrity and deal with them in a spirit of trust and confidence. Background After the Supreme Court castigated the fraud perpetrated on the Patent Office that Hazel-Atlas Glass Co. v. Hartford-Empire Co. and Hartford-Empire Co. v. United States describe, the Patent Office took disciplinary action against the Hartford patent attorneys involved, including Vernon M. Dorsey. The Patent Office found that the attorneys \"connived with each other with the intention of misleading and deceiving the officials of the Patent Office . . . for the purpose of securing favorable action by the Patent Office with respect to the claims in the Peiler application.\" The Office disbarred them \"for gross misconduct,\" and they appealed the action by suing the Patent Commissioner in the district court. The district court affirmed the order of the Patent Office, holding: Having determined, after due notice, a fair hearing, and upon substantial evidence, that the petitioners were guilty of gross misconduct, it was in the discretion of the Commissioner to determine the proper disciplinary action in accordance with the applicable statute. I can find no abuse of such discretion here. Opinion of court of appeals Dorsey appealed to the court of appeals, which reversed 2-1 the district court judgment. The majority found \"indelible evidence that the conduct of the Patent Office in the whole proceeding carried out nearly two decades after the alleged commission of the offense amounts to a classic exemplification of a citizen being deprived of a valuable right (as well as honor and a means of livelihood) without due process of law or indeed without process of law of any kind except bureaucratic 'lynch law.' \" The court of appeals did not use the \"substantial evidence\" test for reviewing an administrative agency. Instead, it held that the Commissioner's findings were not supported by \"substantial probative evidence.\" The dissenting judge stated: I think the proceedings were properly conducted. I think appellant's fraud was fairly charged, proved, and found. I think the proof conclusive and the result just. The public and social interests in discouraging the fraudulent procurement of patents seem to me to outweigh appellant's interest in his reputation and practice. However, that question is not before us. Where no error of law is involved, we have no authority to substitute our opinions for those of the Patent Office and the District Court. If the evidence of fraud, which I think conclusive, was so much as substantial, we must uphold their action, unless we are prepared to rule as a matter of law either that fraud in procuring a patent is", "title": "Kingsland v. Dorsey" }, { "docid": "1690921", "text": "The nursing process is a modified scientific method which is a fundamental part of nursing practices in many countries around the world. Nursing practise was first described as a four-stage nursing process by Ida Jean Orlando in 1958. It should not be confused with nursing theories or health informatics. The diagnosis phase was added later. The nursing process uses clinical judgement to strike a balance of epistemology between personal interpretation and research evidence in which critical thinking may play a part to categorize the clients issue and course of action. Nursing offers diverse patterns of knowing. Nursing knowledge has embraced pluralism since the 1970s. Some authors refer to a mind map or abductive reasoning as a potential alternative strategy for organizing care. Intuition plays a part for experienced nurses. Phases The nursing process is goal-oriented method of caring that provides a framework to nursing care. It involves seven major steps: A Assess (what data is collected?) D Diagnose (what is the problem?) O Outcome Identification - (Was originally a part of the Planning phase, but has recently been added as a new step in the complete process). P Plan (how to manage the problem) I Implement (putting plan into action) R Rationale (Scientific reason of the implementations) E Evaluate (did the plan work?) According to some theorists, this seven-steps description of the nursing process is outdated and misrepresents nursing as linear and atomic. Assessing phase The nurse completes a holistic nursing assessment of the needs of the individual/family/community, regardless of the reason for the encounter. The nurse collects subjective data and objective data using a nursing framework, such as Marjory Gordon's functional health patterns. Models for data collection Nursing assessments provide the starting point for determining nursing diagnoses. It is vital that a recognized nursing assessment framework is used in practice to identify the patient's* problems, risks and outcomes for enhancing health. The use of an evidence-based nursing framework such as Gordon's Functional Health Pattern Assessment should guide assessments that support nurses in determination of NANDA-I nursing diagnoses. For accurate determination of nursing diagnoses, a useful, evidence-based assessment framework is best practice. Methods Client Interview Physical Examination Obtaining a health history (including dietary data) Family history/report Diagnosing phase Nursing diagnoses represent the nurse's clinical judgment about actual or potential health problems/life process occurring with the individual, family, group or community. The accuracy of the nursing diagnosis is validated when a nurse is able to clearly identify and link to the defining characteristics, related factors and/or risk factors found within the patients assessment. Multiple nursing diagnoses may be made for one client. Planning phase In agreement with the client, the nurse addresses each of the problems identified in the diagnosing phase. When there are multiple nursing diagnoses to be addressed, the nurse prioritizes which diagnoses will receive the most attention first according to their severity and potential for causing more serious harm. The most common terminology for standardized nursing diagnosis is that of the evidence-based terminology developed and refined by NANDA", "title": "Nursing process" }, { "docid": "3975854", "text": "Sensory neuroscience is a subfield of neuroscience which explores the anatomy and physiology of neurons that are part of sensory systems such as vision, hearing, and olfaction. Neurons in sensory regions of the brain respond to stimuli by firing one or more nerve impulses (action potentials) following stimulus presentation. How is information about the outside world encoded by the rate, timing, and pattern of action potentials? This so-called neural code is currently poorly understood and sensory neuroscience plays an important role in the attempt to decipher it. Looking at early sensory processing is advantageous since brain regions that are \"higher up\" (e.g. those involved in memory or emotion) contain neurons which encode more abstract representations. However, the hope is that there are unifying principles which govern how the brain encodes and processes information. Studying sensory systems is an important stepping stone in our understanding of brain function in general. Typical experiments A typical experiment in sensory neuroscience involves the presentation of a series of relevant stimuli to an experimental subject while the subject's brain is being monitored. This monitoring can be accomplished by noninvasive means such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) or electroencephalography (EEG), or by more invasive means such as electrophysiology, the use of electrodes to record the electrical activity of single neurons or groups of neurons. fMRI measures changes in blood flow which related to the level of neural activity and provides low spatial and temporal resolution, but does provide data from the whole brain. In contrast, Electrophysiology provides very high temporal resolution (the shapes of single spikes can be resolved) and data can be obtained from single cells. This is important since computations are performed within the dendrites of individual neurons. Single neuron experiments In most of the central nervous system, neurons communicate exclusively by sending each other action potentials, colloquially known as \"spikes\". It is therefore thought that all of the information a sensory neuron encodes about the outside world can be inferred by the pattern of its spikes. Current experimental techniques cannot measure individual spikes noninvasively. Such encoding includes the Dual Process Theory and how we think in a conscious and unconscious manner. A typical single neuron experiment will consist of isolating a neuron (that is, navigating the neuron until the experimenter finds a neuron which spikes in response to the type of stimulus to be presented, and (optionally) determining that all of the spikes observed indeed come from a single neuron), then presenting a stimulus protocol. Because neural responses are inherently variable (that is, their spiking pattern may depend on more than just the stimulus which is presented, although not all of this variability may be true noise, since factors other than the presented stimulus may affect the sensory neuron under study), often the same stimulus protocol is repeated many times to get a feel for the variability a neuron may have. One common analysis technique is to study the neuron's average time-varying firing rate, called its post stimulus time histogram or PSTH.", "title": "Sensory neuroscience" }, { "docid": "10236", "text": "In computer science, the ELIZA effect is the tendency to project human traits — such as experience, semantic comprehension or empathy — into computer programs that have a textual interface. The effect is a category mistake that arises when the program's symbolic computations are described through terms such as \"think\", \"know\" or \"understand.\" History The effect is named for ELIZA, the 1966 chatbot developed by MIT computer scientist Joseph Weizenbaum. When executing Weizenbaum's DOCTOR script, ELIZA simulated a Rogerian psychotherapist, largely by rephrasing the \"patients replies as questions: Human: Well, my boyfriend made me come here. ELIZA: Your boyfriend made you come here? Human: He says I'm depressed much of the time. ELIZA: I am sorry to hear you are depressed. Human: It's true. I'm unhappy. ELIZA: Do you think coming here will help you not to be unhappy? Though designed strictly as a mechanism to support \"natural language conversation\" with a computer, ELIZA's DOCTOR script was found to be surprisingly successful in eliciting emotional responses from users who, in the course of interacting with the program, began to ascribe understanding and motivation to the program's output. As Weizenbaum later wrote, \"I had not realized ... that extremely short exposures to a relatively simple computer program could induce powerful delusional thinking in quite normal people.\" Indeed, ELIZA's code had not been designed to evoke this reaction in the first place. Upon observation, researchers discovered users unconsciously assuming ELIZA's questions implied interest and emotional involvement in the topics discussed, even when they consciously knew that ELIZA did not simulate emotion. Although the effect was first named in the 1960s, the tendency to understand mechanical operations in psychological terms was noted by Charles Babbage. In proposing what would later be called a carry-lookahead adder, Babbage remarked that he found such terms convenient for descriptive purposes, even though nothing more than mechanical action was meant. Characteristics In its specific form, the ELIZA effect refers only to \"the susceptibility of people to read far more understanding than is warranted into strings of symbols—especially words—strung together by computers\". A trivial example of the specific form of the Eliza effect, given by Douglas Hofstadter, involves an automated teller machine which displays the words \"THANK YOU\" at the end of a transaction. A naive observer might think that the machine is actually expressing gratitude; however, the machine is only printing a preprogrammed string of symbols. More generally, the ELIZA effect describes any situation where, based solely on a system's output, users perceive computer systems as having \"intrinsic qualities and abilities which the software controlling the (output) cannot possibly achieve\" or \"assume that [outputs] reflect a greater causality than they actually do\". In both its specific and general forms, the ELIZA effect is notable for occurring even when users of the system are aware of the determinate nature of output produced by the system. From a psychological standpoint, the ELIZA effect is the result of a subtle cognitive dissonance between the user's awareness of programming limitations and their", "title": "ELIZA effect" }, { "docid": "2371482", "text": "Business analysis is a professional discipline focused on identifying business needs and determining solutions to business problems. Solutions may include a software-systems development component, process improvements, or organizational changes, and may involve extensive analysis, strategic planning and policy development. A person dedicated to carrying out these tasks within an organization is called a business analyst or BA. Business analysts are not found solely within projects for developing software systems. They may also work across the organisation, solving business problems in consultation with business stakeholders. Whilst most of the work that business analysts do today relates to software development / solutions, this is due to the ongoing massive changes businesses all over the world are experiencing in their attempts to digitise. Although there are different role definitions, depending upon the organization, there does seem to be an area of common ground where most business analysts work. The responsibilities appear to be: To investigate business systems, taking a holistic view of the situation. This may include examining elements of the organisation structures and staff development issues as well as current processes and IT systems. To evaluate actions to improve the operation of a business system. Again, this may require an examination of organisational structure and staff development needs, to ensure that they are in line with any proposed process redesign and IT system development. To document the business requirements for the IT system support using appropriate documentation standards. In line with this, the core business analyst role could be defined as an internal consultancy role that has the responsibility for investigating business situations, identifying and evaluating options for improving business systems, defining requirements and ensuring the effective use of information systems in meeting the needs of the business. Sub-disciplines Business analysis as a discipline includes requirements analysis, sometimes also called requirements engineering. It focuses on ensuring the changes made to an organisation are aligned with its strategic goals. These changes include changes to strategies, structures, policies, business rules, processes, and information systems. Examples of business analysis include: Enterprise analysis or company analysis Focuses on understanding the needs of the business as a whole, its strategic direction, and identifying initiatives that will allow a business to meet those strategic goals. It also includes: Creating and maintaining the business architecture Conducting feasibility studies Identifying new business opportunities Scoping and defining new business opportunities Preparing the business case Conducting the initial risk assessment Requirements planning and management Involves planning on how the business analyst will go about gathering the requirement, in what order, using which techniques, which stakeholders, and the schedule that s/he will follow. Requirement management on the other hand involves the process business analyst will follow to maintain a finalized requirement up to date, including any requested changes in the requirements. Requirements elicitation Describes techniques for collecting requirements from stakeholders in a project. Techniques for requirements elicitation include: Brainstorming Document analysis Focus group Interface analysis Interviews/questionnaire Workshops Reverse engineering Surveys User task analysis Process mapping Observation/job shadowing Design thinking Prototyping Requirements analysis and", "title": "Business analysis" }, { "docid": "19002397", "text": "Knowing and the Known is a 1949 book by John Dewey and Arthur Bentley. Overview As well as a Preface, an Introduction and an Index, the book consists of 12 chapters, or papers, as the authors call them in their introduction. Chapters 1 (Vagueness in Logic), 8 (Logic in an Age of Science) and 9 (A Confused \"Semiotic\") were written by Bentley; Chapter 10 (Common Sense and Science) by Dewey, while the remainder were signed jointly. The terminology problem in the fields of epistemology and logic is partially due, according to Dewey and Bentley, to inefficient and imprecise use of words and concepts that reflect three historic levels of organization and presentation. In the order of chronological appearance, these are : Self-Action: Prescientific concepts regarded humans, animals, and things as possessing powers of their own which initiated or caused their actions. Interaction: as described by Newton, where things, living and inorganic, are balanced against something in a system of interaction, for example, the third law of motion states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. Transaction: where modern systems of descriptions and naming are employed to deal with multiple aspects and phases of action without any attribution to ultimate, final, or independent entities, essences, or realities. Chapters Vagueness in Logic The Terminological Problem Postulations Interaction and Transaction Transactions as Known and Named Specification The Case of Definition Logic in an Age of Science A Confused \"Semiotic\" Common Sense and Science A Trial Group of Names Summary of Progress Made Appendix: A Letter from John Dewey Transactions A series of characterizations of Transactions indicate the wide range of considerations involved. Transaction is inquiry in which existing descriptions of events are accepted only as tentative and preliminary. New descriptions of the aspects and phases of events based on inquiry may be made at any time. Transaction is inquiry characterized by primary observation that may range across all subject matters that present themselves, and may proceed with freedom to re-determine and rename the objects comprised in the system. Transaction is Fact such that no one of the constituents can be adequately specified as apart from the specification of all the other constituents of the full subject matter. Transaction develops and widens the phases of knowledge, and broadens the system within the limits of observation and report. Transaction regards the extension in time to be comparable to the extension in space, so that “thing” is in action, and “action” is observable in things. Transaction assumes no pre-knowledge of either organism or environment alone as adequate, but requires their primary acceptance in a common system. Transaction is the procedure which observes men talking and writing, using language and other representational activities to present their perceptions and manipulations. This permits a full treatment, descriptive and functional, of the whole process inclusive of all its contents, and with the newer techniques of inquiry required. Transactional Observation insists on the right to freely proceed to investigate any subject matter in whatever way seems appropriate,", "title": "Knowing and the Known" }, { "docid": "3345914", "text": "In criminal law and in the law of tort, recklessness may be defined as the state of mind where a person deliberately and unjustifiably pursues a course of action while consciously disregarding any risks flowing from such action. Recklessness is less culpable than malice, but is more blameworthy than carelessness. Mens rea and actus reus To commit a criminal offence of ordinary liability (as opposed to strict liability) the prosecution must show both the actus reus (guilty act) and mens rea (guilty mind). A person cannot be guilty of an offence for his actions alone; there must also be the requisite intention, knowledge, recklessness, or criminal negligence at the relevant time. In the case of negligence, however, the mens rea is implied. Criminal law recognizes recklessness as one of four main classes of mental state constituting mens rea elements to establish liability, namely: Intention: intending the action; foreseeing the result; desiring the result: e.g. murder. Knowledge: knowing of the falsity or wrongfulness of one's actions or knowledge of a risk that a prohibited result is likely to occur but proceeding anyway. This also includes wilful blindness in most jurisdictions, and recklessness in some others. An example would be offenses involving possession: the accused must have controlled the item and knew that it was contraband. Wilful blindness: having a subjective awareness that a risk could exist (but not necessarily full knowledge) but proceeding without making more inquiries, e.g. a person is asked to bring a suitcase across a border: the person may not know that the suitcase contains drugs but has some suspicions (the person may think the suitcase could contain large sums of money) and, without ever asking or checking what's inside, bringing the suitcase across the border. Recklessness: willingly taking an initial action that a reasonable person would know will likely lead to the actus reus being committed, e.g. drinking alcohol and then driving as a result of automation due to intoxication. Carelessness (also known as negligence): failing to exercise due diligence to prevent the actus reus that caused the harm from occurring – rarely used in criminal law, often encountered in regulatory offenses (e.g. careless driving) or in the civil law tort of negligence – these are known as strict liability offenses. The tests for any mens rea element relies on an assessment of whether the accused had foresight of the prohibited consequences and desired to cause those consequences to occur. The three types of test are: subjective where the court attempts to establish what the accused was actually thinking at the time the actus reus was caused; objective where the court imputes mens rea elements on the basis that a reasonable person with the same general knowledge and abilities as the accused would have had those elements, (although R v Gemmell and Richards deprecated this in England and Wales); or hybrid, i.e. the test is both subjective and objective The most culpable mens rea elements will have both foresight and desire on a subjective basis. A subjective", "title": "Recklessness (law)" }, { "docid": "261873", "text": "Virtue ethics (also aretaic ethics, from Greek []) is an approach that treats virtue and character as the primary subjects of ethics, in contrast to other ethical systems that put consequences of voluntary acts, principles or rules of conduct, or obedience to divine authority in the primary role. Virtue ethics is usually contrasted with two other major approaches in ethics, consequentialism and deontology, which make the goodness of outcomes of an action (consequentialism) and the concept of moral duty (deontology) central. While virtue ethics does not necessarily deny the importance to ethics of goodness of states of affairs or of moral duties, it emphasizes virtue, and sometimes other concepts, like , to an extent that other ethics theories do not. Key concepts Virtue and vice In virtue ethics, a virtue is a characteristic disposition to think, feel, and act well in some domain of life. In contrast, a vice is a characteristic disposition to think, feel, and act poorly. Virtues are not everyday habits; they are character traits, in the sense that they are central to someone’s personality and what they are like as a person. In early versions and some modern versions of virtue ethics, a virtue is defined as a character trait that promotes or exhibits human excellence (\"flourishing and wellbeing\", ) in the person who exhibits it. Some modern versions of virtue ethics do not define virtues in terms of human excellence or flourishing, and some go so far as to define virtues as traits that tend to promote some other good that is defined independently of the virtues, thereby subsuming virtue ethics under (or somehow merging it with) consequentialist ethics. To Aristotle, a virtue was not a skill that made you better able to achieve but was itself an expression of — in activity. In contrast with consequentialist and deontological ethical systems, in which one may be called upon to do the right thing even though it is not in one's own interests (one is to do it instead for the greater good, or out of duty), in virtue ethics, one does the right thing because it is in one's own interests. Part of training in practical virtue ethics is to come to see the coincidence of one's enlightened self-interest and the practice of the virtues, so that one is virtuous willingly, gladly, and enthusiastically because one knows that being virtuous is the best thing one can do with oneself. Virtue and emotion In ancient Greek and modern eudaimonic virtue ethics, virtues and vices are complex dispositions that involve both affective and intellectual components. That is, they are dispositions that involve both being able to reason well about the right thing to do (see below on ), and also to engage emotions and feelings correctly. For example, a generous person can reason well about when and how to help people, and such a person also helps people with pleasure and without conflict. In this, virtuous people are contrasted not only with vicious people (who reason poorly", "title": "Virtue ethics" }, { "docid": "3978595", "text": "Strategic thinking is a mental or thinking process applied by an individual in the context of achieving a goal or set of goals. As a cognitive activity, it produces thought. When applied in an organizational strategic management process, strategic thinking involves the generation and application of unique business insights and opportunities intended to create competitive advantage for a firm or organization. It can be done individually, as well as collaboratively among key people who can positively alter an organization's future. Group strategic thinking may create more value by enabling a proactive and creative dialogue, where individuals gain other people's perspectives on critical and complex issues. This is regarded as a benefit in highly competitive and fast-changing business landscapes. Overview There is a generally accepted definition for strategic thinking, a common agreement as to its role or importance, and a standardised list of key competencies of strategic thinkers. There is also a consensus on whether strategic thinking is an uncommon ideal or a common and observable property of strategy. It includes finding and developing a strategic foresight capacity for an organization, by exploring all possible organizational futures, and challenging conventional thinking to foster decision making today. Research on strategic thought indicates that the critical strategic question is not the conventional \"What?\", but \"Why?\" or \"How?\". The work of Henry Mintzberg and other authors, further support the conclusion; and also draw a clear distinction between strategic thinking and strategic planning, another important strategic management thought process. General Andre Beaufre wrote in 1963 that strategic thinking \"is a mental process, at once abstract and rational, which must be capable of synthesizing both psychological and material data. The strategist must have a great capacity for both analysis and synthesis; analysis is necessary to assemble the data on which he makes his diagnosis, synthesis in order to produce from these data the diagnosis itself—and the diagnosis in fact amounts to a choice between alternative courses of action.\" Most agree that traditional models of strategy making, which are primarily based on strategic planning, are not working. Strategy in today's competitive business landscape is moving away from the basic ‘strategic planning’ to more of ‘strategic thinking’ in order to remain competitive. However, both thought processes must work hand-in-hand in order to reap maximum benefit. It has been argued that the real heart of strategy is the 'strategist'; and for a better strategy execution requires a strategic thinker who can discover novel, imaginative strategies which can re-write the rules of the competitive game; and set in motion the chain of events that will shape and \"define the future\".. There are many tools and techniques to promote and discipline strategic thinking. The flowchart to the right provides a process for classifying a phenomenon as a scenario in the intuitive logics tradition, and how it differs from a number of other planning approaches. Strategic thinking vs. strategic planning In the view of F. Graetz, strategic thinking and planning are “distinct, but interrelated and complementary thought processes” that must sustain and", "title": "Strategic thinking" }, { "docid": "37080", "text": "In their most common sense, the terms thought and thinking refer to conscious cognitive processes that can happen independently of sensory stimulation. Their most paradigmatic forms are judging, reasoning, concept formation, problem solving, and deliberation. But other mental processes, like considering an idea, memory, or imagination, are also often included. These processes can happen internally independent of the sensory organs, unlike perception. But when understood in the widest sense, any mental event may be understood as a form of thinking, including perception and unconscious mental processes. In a slightly different sense, the term thought refers not to the mental processes themselves but to mental states or systems of ideas brought about by these processes. Various theories of thinking have been proposed, some of which aim to capture the characteristic features of thought. Platonists hold that thinking consists in discerning and inspecting Platonic forms and their interrelations. It involves the ability to discriminate between the pure Platonic forms themselves and the mere imitations found in the sensory world. According to Aristotelianism, to think about something is to instantiate in one's mind the universal essence of the object of thought. These universals are abstracted from sense experience and are not understood as existing in a changeless intelligible world, in contrast to Platonism. Conceptualism is closely related to Aristotelianism: it identifies thinking with mentally evoking concepts instead of instantiating essences. Inner speech theories claim that thinking is a form of inner speech in which words are silently expressed in the thinker's mind. According to some accounts, this happens in a regular language, like English or French. The language of thought hypothesis, on the other hand, holds that this happens in the medium of a unique mental language called Mentalese. Central to this idea is that linguistic representational systems are built up from atomic and compound representations and that this structure is also found in thought. Associationists understand thinking as the succession of ideas or images. They are particularly interested in the laws of association that govern how the train of thought unfolds. Behaviorists, by contrast, identify thinking with behavioral dispositions to engage in public intelligent behavior as a reaction to particular external stimuli. Computationalism is the most recent of these theories. It sees thinking in analogy to how computers work in terms of the storage, transmission, and processing of information. Various types of thinking are discussed in the academic literature. A judgment is a mental operation in which a proposition is evoked and then either affirmed or denied. Reasoning, on the other hand, is the process of drawing conclusions from premises or evidence. Both judging and reasoning depend on the possession of the relevant concepts, which are acquired in the process of concept formation. In the case of problem solving, thinking aims at reaching a predefined goal by overcoming certain obstacles. Deliberation is an important form of practical thought that consists in formulating possible courses of action and assessing the reasons for and against them. This may lead to a decision by choosing", "title": "Thought" }, { "docid": "23620523", "text": "Banking model of education () is a term coined by Paulo Freire to describe and critique the established education system in his book Pedagogy of the Oppressed. The name refers to the metaphor of students as containers into which educators must put knowledge. Freire argued that this model reinforces a lack of critical thinking and knowledge ownership in students, which in turn reinforces oppression, in contrast to Freire's understanding of knowledge as the result of a human, creative process. Definition The term banking model of education was first used by Paulo Freire in his highly influential book Pedagogy of the Oppressed. Freire describes this form of education as \"fundamentally narrative (in) character\" with the teacher as the subject (that is, the active participant) and the students as passive objects. Instead of communicating, the teacher issues communiqués and makes deposits which the students patiently receive, memorize, and repeat. This is the \"banking\" concept of education, in which the scope of action allowed to students extends only as far as receiving, filing, and storing the deposits. Education is thus seen as a process of depositing knowledge into passive students. Teachers are the epistemological authority in this system; students' pre-existing knowledge is ignored, aside from what was expected to be 'deposited' into them earlier. Freire also refers to a banking paradigm as regarding students to be \"adaptable, manageable beings. ... The more completely they accept the passive role imposed on them, the more they tend simply to adapt to the world as it is and to the fragmented view of reality deposited in them.\" In the banking concept of education, knowledge is a gift bestowed by those who consider themselves knowledgeable upon those whom they consider to know nothing. ... The teacher presents himself to his students as their necessary opposite; by considering their ignorance absolute, he justifies his own existence. Transmission model Banking education follows the transmission model of education. This model views education as a specific body of knowledge that is transmitted from the teacher to the student. It emphasizes teacher-centric learning where students are passive absorbers of information and that the purpose of learning is memorization of facts. The transmission model is most often used in university settings as lectures. When there is a class of over 100 students the easiest method of education is through lecture where the teacher stands at the front of the class and dictates to the students. Possible alternative One possible alternative to the banking model is the problem-based learning model (similar to what Freire called problem-posing education), in which students are encouraged to think and actively solve problems presented to them by the teacher. This model views the student as a person with prior knowledge that may be capitalized upon to reach greater results than a banking model that fails to take advantage of this capital. See also Constructivism (philosophy of education) Deschooling Society Inquiry-based learning Teaching for social justice Unschooling References Pedagogy Critical pedagogy", "title": "Banking model of education" }, { "docid": "21905962", "text": "In software engineering, rubber duck debugging (or rubberducking) is a method of debugging code by articulating a problem in spoken or written natural language. The name is a reference to a story in the book The Pragmatic Programmer in which a programmer would carry around a rubber duck and debug their code by forcing themselves to explain it, line by line, to the duck. Many other terms exist for this technique, often involving different (usually) inanimate objects, or pets such as a dog or a cat. Teddy bears are also widely used. When humans are involved, it is known as confessional programming. Approach Many programmers have had the experience of explaining a problem to someone else, possibly even to someone who knows nothing about programming, and then hitting upon the solution in the process of explaining the problem. In describing what the code is supposed to do and observing what it actually does, any incongruity between these two becomes apparent. More generally, teaching a subject forces its evaluation from different perspectives and can provide a deeper understanding. By using an inanimate object, the programmer can try to accomplish this without having to interrupt anyone else, and with better results than have been observed from merely thinking aloud without an audience. This approach has been taught in computer science and software engineering courses. In popular culture On 1 April 2018, Stack Exchange introduced a rubber duck avatar on their websites as a new \"feature\" called Quack Overflow as an April Fools' Day joke. The duck appeared at the bottom right corner of the browser viewport, and attempted to help visitors by listening to their problems and responding with solutions. However, the duck merely produced a quack sound after apparently thinking and typing. It referenced rubber ducking as a powerful method for solving problems. See also Code review Pair programming Socratic method Desk checking Duck test Duck typing Software walkthrough Think aloud protocol Pointing and calling Rogerian method Worry dolls References External links Rubber Duck Debugging Debugging Computer programming folklore Ducks", "title": "Rubber duck debugging" }, { "docid": "23608010", "text": "Joint Action Committee for Political Affairs (JACPAC) is a national political action committee that contributes to candidates for the US Congress who support a strong US-Israel relationship, reproductive choice, and separation of religion and state. Describing itself as the pro-Israel PAC with a domestic conscience, JACPAC has made it a point to show Congress that the Jewish community is more than a single-issue community; its priorities include but are not limited to the US-Israel Relationship. JACPAC funds its support for Congressional campaigns through annual memberships and through bundling of member donations to candidates. All donations are hand-delivered by JACPAC members. Although JACPAC describes itself as bipartisan, the majority of its support goes to Democrats. Mission With so many Jewish organizations advancing the goal of US support for Israel, JACPAC was the first and for many years the only bipartisan PAC to blend the commitment to Israel with a commitment to a progressive domestic agenda. JACPAC favors US involvement in the peace process but takes no position on internal Israeli politics or policies. JACPAC views itself as a moderate-progressive political voice for the Jewish community on Capitol Hill and a political resource to make its members better informed and more politically engaged. According to its literature, JACPAC blends Judaism's call to action and America's fundamental grassroots political involvement. History JACPAC was founded in 1981 by a group of volunteer leaders in the national Jewish community who sought to empower Jewish women to become politically active. The founding women were convinced the time was right to use fundraising skills and political know-how to support the US-Israel relationship and to respond to the increasing power of the organized political right, then known as the religious right or the radical right. Organizations such as the Moral Majority and The Christian Coalition, to name two, were instrumental in defeating Congressional allies of Israel in the 1980 election. These organizations opposed foreign aid to Israel—and foreign aid in general. They favored prayer in schools and religious symbols in the public arena. They became adept at using the media to bring about the victory of their candidates. JACPAC women reached out to their networks across the country. Their message was this: the way to support Israel and be a positive alternative to the organized political right is to be engaged in the political process. Before long, support for Israel began to be taken up by organizations on the political right that saw the power of the pro-Israel movement in America and its compatibility with their theology. While these groups rejected the social values held by most American Jews, their allegiance to Israel was enough to attract some Jewish admirers. JACPAC, however, refused to support candidates aligned with or supported by the organized political right no matter how pro-Israel they claimed to be. JACPAC sought to channel Jewish financial support to candidates with a more comprehensive agenda, according to Rabbi David Saperstein, Director and counsel of the Religious Action Center for Reform Judaism (RAC). \"[JACPAC's] genius was to", "title": "Joint Action Committee for Political Affairs" } ]	[ "Cognition" ]
train_21984	what is the main organs of the integumentary system	[ { "docid": "59660", "text": "The integumentary system is the set of organs forming the outermost layer of an animal's body. It comprises the skin and its appendages, which act as a physical barrier between the external environment and the internal environment that it serves to protect and maintain the body of the animal. Mainly it is the body's outer skin. The integumentary system includes skin, hair, scales, feathers, hooves, and nails. It has a variety of additional functions: it may serve to maintain water balance, protect the deeper tissues, excrete wastes, and regulate body temperature, and is the attachment site for sensory receptors which detect pain, sensation, pressure, and temperature. Structure Skin The skin is one of the largest organs of the body. In humans, it accounts for about 12 to 15 percent of total body weight and covers 1.5 to 2 m2 of surface area. The skin (integument) is a composite organ, made up of at least two major layers of tissue: the epidermis and the dermis. The epidermis is the outermost layer, providing the initial barrier to the external environment. It is separated from the dermis by the basement membrane (basal lamina and reticular lamina). The epidermis contains melanocytes and gives color to the skin. The deepest layer of the epidermis also contains nerve endings. Beneath this, the dermis comprises two sections, the papillary and reticular layers, and contains connective tissues, vessels, glands, follicles, hair roots, sensory nerve endings, and muscular tissue. Between the integument and the deep body musculature there is a transitional subcutaneous zone made up of very loose connective and adipose tissue, the hypodermis. Substantial collagen bundles anchor the dermis to the hypodermis in a way that permits most areas of the skin to move freely over the deeper tissue layers. Epidermis The epidermis is the strong, superficial layer that serves as the first line of protection against the outer environment. The human epidermis is composed of stratified squamous epithelial cells, which further break down into four to five layers: the stratum corneum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum and stratum basale. Where the skin is thicker, such as in the palms and soles, there is an extra layer of skin between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum, called the stratum lucidum. The epidermis is regenerated from the stem cells found in the basal layer that develop into the corneum. The epidermis itself is devoid of blood supply and draws its nutrition from its underlying dermis. Its main functions are protection, absorption of nutrients, and homeostasis. In structure, it consists of a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium; four types of cells: keratinocytes, melanocytes, Merkel cells, and Langerhans cells. The predominant cell keratinocyte, which produces keratin, a fibrous protein that aids in skin protection, is responsible for the formation of the epidermal water barrier by making and secreting lipids. The majority of the skin on the human body is keratinized, with the exception of the lining of mucous membranes, such as the inside of the mouth. Non-keratinized cells allow water to \"stay\"", "title": "Integumentary system" }, { "docid": "27007881", "text": "Role of skin in locomotion describes how the integumentary system is involved in locomotion. Typically the integumentary system can be thought of as skin, however the integumentary system also includes the segmented exoskeleton in arthropods and feathers of birds. The primary role of the integumentary system is to provide protection for the body. However, the structure of the skin has evolved to aid animals in their different modes of locomotion. Soft bodied animals such as starfish rely on the arrangement of the fibers in their tube feet for movement. Eels, snakes, and fish use their skin like an external tendon to generate the propulsive forces need for undulatory locomotion. Vertebrates that fly, glide, and parachute also have a characteristic fiber arrangements of their flight membranes that allows for the skin to maintain its structural integrity during the stress and strain experienced during flight. Soft bodied locomotion in invertebrates The term \"Soft Bodied\" refers to animals which lack typical systems of skeletal support - included in these are most insect larvae and true worms. Animals that are soft bodied are constrained by the geometry and form of their bodies. However it is the geometry and form of their bodies that generate the forces they need to move. The structure of soft bodied skin can be characterized by a patterned fiber arrangement, which provides the shape and structure for a soft bodied animals. Internal to the patterned fiber layer is typically a liquid filled cavity, which is used to generate hydrostatic pressures for movement. Some animals that exhibit soft bodied locomotion include starfish, octopus, and flatworms. Hydrostatic skeleton A hydrostatic skeleton uses hydrostatic pressure generated from muscle contraction against a liquid filled cavity. The liquid filled cavity is commonly referred to as the hydrostatic body. The liquid within the hydrostatic body acts as an incompressible fluid and the body wall of the hydrostatic body provides a passive elastic antagonist to muscle contraction, which in turn generates a force, which in turn creates movement. This structure plays a role in invertebrate support and locomotor systems and is used for the tube feet in starfish and body of worms . A specialized version of the hydrostatic skeleton is a called a muscular hydrostat, which consists of a tightly packed array of three-dimensional muscle fibers surrounding a hydrostatic body. Examples of muscular hydrostats include the arms of octopus and elephant trunks. Fiber arrangement The arrangement of the connective tissue fibers and muscle fibers create the skeletal support of a soft bodied animal. The arrangement of the fibers around a hydrostatic body limits the range of movement of the hydrostatic body (the \"body\" of a soft bodied animal) and defines the way the hydrostatic body moves. Muscle fibers Typically muscle fibers surround the hydrostatic body. There are two main types of muscle fibers orientations that are responsible for the movement: the circular orientations and longitudinal orientations. Circular muscles decrease the diameter of a hydrostatic body, resulting in an increase in the length of the body, whereas", "title": "Role of skin in locomotion" }, { "docid": "771986", "text": "A skin condition, also known as cutaneous condition, is any medical condition that affects the integumentary system—the organ system that encloses the body and includes skin, nails, and related muscle and glands. The major function of this system is as a barrier against the external environment. Conditions of the human integumentary system constitute a broad spectrum of diseases, also known as dermatoses, as well as many nonpathologic states (like, in certain circumstances, melanonychia and racquet nails). While only a small number of skin diseases account for most visits to the physician, thousands of skin conditions have been described. Classification of these conditions often presents many nosological challenges, since underlying causes and pathogenetics are often not known. Therefore, most current textbooks present a classification based on location (for example, conditions of the mucous membrane), morphology (chronic blistering conditions), cause (skin conditions resulting from physical factors), and so on. Clinically, the diagnosis of any particular skin condition begins by gathering pertinent information of the presenting skin lesion(s), including: location (e.g. arms, head, legs); symptoms (pruritus, pain); duration (acute or chronic); arrangement (solitary, generalized, annular, linear); morphology (macules, papules, vesicles); and color (red, yellow, etc.). Some diagnoses may also require a skin biopsy which yields histologic information that can be correlated with the clinical presentation and any laboratory data. The introduction of cutaneous ultrasound has allowed the detection of cutaneous tumors, inflammatory processes, and skin diseases. Layer of skin involved The skin weighs an average of , covers an area of about , and is made of three distinct layers: the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue. The two main types of human skin are glabrous skin, the nonhairy skin on the palms and soles (also referred to as the \"palmoplantar\" surfaces), and hair-bearing skin. Within the latter type, hairs in structures called pilosebaceous units have a hair follicle, sebaceous gland, and associated arrector pili muscle. In the embryo, the epidermis, hair, and glands are from the ectoderm, which is chemically influenced by the underlying mesoderm that forms the dermis and subcutaneous tissues. Epidermis The epidermis is the most superficial layer of skin, a squamous epithelium with several strata: the stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum basale. Nourishment is provided to these layers via diffusion from the dermis, since the epidermis is without direct blood supply. The epidermis contains four cell types: keratinocytes, melanocytes, Langerhans cells, and Merkel cells. Of these, keratinocytes are the major component, constituting roughly 95% of the epidermis. This stratified squamous epithelium is maintained by cell division within the stratum basale, in which differentiating cells slowly displace outwards through the stratum spinosum to the stratum corneum, where cells are continually shed from the surface. In normal skin, the rate of production equals the rate of loss; about two weeks are needed for a cell to migrate from the basal cell layer to the top of the granular cell layer, and an additional two weeks to cross the stratum corneum. Dermis The dermis is the layer of", "title": "Skin condition" }, { "docid": "17432575", "text": "This article provides a list of autoimmune diseases. These conditions, where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, affect a range of organs and systems within the body. Each disorder is listed with the primary organ or body part that it affects and the associated autoantibodies that are typically found in people diagnosed with the condition. Each disorder is also categorized by its acceptance as an autoimmune condition into four levels: confirmed, probable, possible, and uncertain. This classification is based on the current scientific consensus and reflects the level of evidence supporting the autoimmune nature of the disorder. Lastly, the prevalence rate, specifically in the United States, is included to give a sense of how common each disorder is within the population. Confirmed - Used for conditions that have strong, well-established evidence of autoimmune etiology. Probable - Used for conditions where there is substantial evidence of autoimmune involvement, but the scientific consensus may not be as strong as for those in the 'confirmed' category. Possible - Used for conditions that have some evidence pointing towards autoimmune involvement, but it's not yet clear or there is ongoing debate. Uncertain - Used for conditions where the evidence of autoimmune involvement is limited or contested. Integumentary system The integumentary system, composed of the skin, hair, nails, and associated glands, serves as a protective barrier between the body and the environment. It also plays a critical role in regulating body temperature and maintaining fluid balance. Digestive system Heart and vascular system Urinary system Nervous system Endocrine system Respiratory system Blood Reproductive system The reproductive system is responsible for the production and regulation of sex hormones, the formation of germ cells, and the nurturing of fertilized eggs. In women, it includes structures such as ovaries, fallopian tubes, a uterus, and a vagina, while in men, it includes testes, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate, and the penis. Autoimmune diseases of the reproductive system can affect both male and female fertility and reproductive health. Eyes Muscular system These autoimmune diseases are primarily associated with the muscles and neuromuscular function. Autoimmune comorbidities This list includes conditions that are not diseases, but symptoms or syndromes common to autoimmune disease. Chronic fatigue syndrome Complex regional pain syndrome Eosinophilic esophagitis Gastritis POEMS syndrome Raynaud's phenomenon Primary immunodeficiency Pyoderma gangrenosum Non-autoimmune At this time, there is not sufficient evidence to indicate that these diseases are caused by autoimmunity. See also Autoimmunity Autoantibody Notes References External links NIH Center for Human Immunology, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity Autoimmune diseases Autoimmune Autoimmune", "title": "List of autoimmune diseases" }, { "docid": "27978", "text": "Skin is the layer of usually soft, flexible outer tissue covering the body of a vertebrate animal, with three main functions: protection, regulation, and sensation. Other animal coverings, such as the arthropod exoskeleton, have different developmental origin, structure and chemical composition. The adjective cutaneous means \"of the skin\" (from Latin cutis 'skin'). In mammals, the skin is an organ of the integumentary system made up of multiple layers of ectodermal tissue and guards the underlying muscles, bones, ligaments, and internal organs. Skin of a different nature exists in amphibians, reptiles, and birds. Skin (including cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues) plays crucial roles in formation, structure, and function of extraskeletal apparatus such as horns of bovids (e.g., cattle) and rhinos, cervids' antlers, giraffids' ossicones, armadillos' osteoderm, and os penis/os clitoris. All mammals have some hair on their skin, even marine mammals like whales, dolphins, and porpoises that appear to be hairless. The skin interfaces with the environment and is the first line of defense from external factors. For example, the skin plays a key role in protecting the body against pathogens and excessive water loss. Its other functions are insulation, temperature regulation, sensation, and the production of vitamin D folates. Severely damaged skin may heal by forming scar tissue. This is sometimes discoloured and depigmented. The thickness of skin also varies from location to location on an organism. In humans, for example, the skin located under the eyes and around the eyelids is the thinnest skin on the body at 0.5 mm thick and is one of the first areas to show signs of aging such as \"crows feet\" and wrinkles. The skin on the palms and the soles of the feet is the thickest skin on the body at 4 mm thick. The speed and quality of wound healing in skin is promoted by estrogen. Fur is dense hair. Primarily, fur augments the insulation the skin provides but can also serve as a secondary sexual characteristic or as camouflage. On some animals, the skin is very hard and thick and can be processed to create leather. Reptiles and most fish have hard protective scales on their skin for protection, and birds have hard feathers, all made of tough beta-keratins. Amphibian skin is not a strong barrier, especially regarding the passage of chemicals via skin, and is often subject to osmosis and diffusive forces. For example, a frog sitting in an anesthetic solution would be sedated quickly as the chemical diffuses through its skin. Amphibian skin plays key roles in everyday survival and their ability to exploit a wide range of habitats and ecological conditions. On 11 January 2024, biologists reported the discovery of the oldest known skin, fossilized about 289 million years ago, and possibly the skin from an ancient reptile. Etymology The word skin originally only referred to dressed and tanned animal hide and the usual word for human skin was hide. Skin is a borrowing from Old Norse skinn \"animal hide, fur\", ultimately from the Proto-Indo-European root *sek-, meaning", "title": "Skin" }, { "docid": "36913927", "text": "There are many different keratin proteins normally expressed in the human integumentary system. Mutations in keratin proteins in the skin can cause disease. Of note, other structural proteins in the epidermis of the skin that are closely related to keratins may also cause disease if mutated. Examples include: Footnotes See also List of keratins expressed in the human integumentary system List of cutaneous conditions caused by problems with junctional proteins List of target antigens in pemphigoid List of target antigens in pemphigus Cutaneous conditions with immunofluorescence findings List of cutaneous conditions List of genes mutated in cutaneous conditions List of histologic stains that aid in diagnosis of cutaneous conditions Keratoderma References Mutations in keratins Dermatology-related lists", "title": "List of cutaneous conditions caused by mutations in keratins" }, { "docid": "37003347", "text": "A number of cutaneous conditions can occur on the skin and appear to move or migrate through the skin. See also List of conditions associated with café au lait macules List of contact allergens List of cutaneous conditions associated with increased risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer List of cutaneous conditions associated with internal malignancy List of cutaneous conditions caused by mutations in keratins List of cutaneous neoplasms associated with systemic syndromes List of cutaneous conditions caused by problems with junctional proteins List of dental abnormalities associated with cutaneous conditions List of genes mutated in cutaneous conditions List of genes mutated in pigmented cutaneous lesions List of histologic stains that aid in diagnosis of cutaneous conditions List of human leukocyte antigen alleles associated with cutaneous conditions List of immunofluorescence findings for autoimmune bullous conditions List of inclusion bodies that aid in diagnosis of cutaneous conditions List of keratins expressed in the human integumentary system List of radiographic findings associated with cutaneous conditions List of specialized glands within the human integumentary system List of spiders associated with cutaneous reactions List of target antigens in pemphigoid List of target antigens in pemphigus List of verrucous carcinoma subtypes List of xanthoma variants associated with hyperlipoproteinemia subtypes References Dermatology-related lists Cutaneous conditions", "title": "List of migrating cutaneous conditions" }, { "docid": "2750627", "text": "The stratum granulosum (or granular layer) is a thin layer of cells in the epidermis lying above the stratum spinosum and below the stratum corneum (stratum lucidum on the soles and palms). Keratinocytes migrating from the underlying stratum spinosum become known as granular cells in this layer. These cells contain keratohyalin granules, which are filled with histidine- and cysteine-rich proteins that appear to bind the keratin filaments together. Therefore, the main function of keratohyalin granules is to bind intermediate keratin filaments together. At the transition between this layer and the stratum corneum, cells secrete lamellar bodies (containing lipids and proteins) into the extracellular space. This results in the formation of the hydrophobic lipid envelope responsible for the skin's barrier properties. Concomitantly, cells lose their nuclei and organelles. Additional images See also List of keratins expressed in the human integumentary system References Skin anatomy Epithelial cells", "title": "Stratum granulosum" }, { "docid": "72672", "text": "Exocrine glands are glands that secrete substances onto an epithelial surface by way of a duct. Examples of exocrine glands include sweat, salivary, mammary, ceruminous, lacrimal, sebaceous, prostate and mucous. Exocrine glands are one of two types of glands in the human body, the other being endocrine glands, which secrete their products directly into the bloodstream. The liver and pancreas are both exocrine and endocrine glands; they are exocrine glands because they secrete products—bile and pancreatic juice—into the gastrointestinal tract through a series of ducts, and endocrine because they secrete other substances directly into the bloodstream. Exocrine sweat glands are part of the integumentary system; they have eccrine and apocrine types. Classification Structure Exocrine glands contain a glandular portion and a duct portion, the structures of which can be used to classify the gland. The duct portion may be branched (called compound) or unbranched (called simple). The glandular portion may be tubular or acinar, or may be a mix of the two (called tubuloacinar). If the glandular portion branches, then the gland is called a branched gland. Method of secretion Depending on how their products are secreted, exocrine glands are categorized as merocrine, apocrine, or holocrine. Merocrine – the cells of the gland excrete their substances by exocytosis into a duct; for example, pancreatic acinar cells, eccrine sweat glands, salivary glands, goblet cells, intestinal glands, tear glands, etc. Apocrine – the apical portion of the cytoplasm in the cell membrane, which contains the excretion, buds off. Examples are sweat glands of arm pits, pubic region, skin around anus, lips and nipples; mammary glands, etc. Holocrine – the entire cell disintegrates to excrete its substance; for example, sebaceous glands of the skin and nose, meibomian gland, zeis gland, etc. Product secreted Serous cells secrete proteins, often enzymes. Examples include gastric chief cells and Paneth cells Mucous cells secrete mucus. Examples include Brunner's glands, esophageal glands, and pyloric glands Seromucous glands (mixed) secrete both protein and mucus. Examples include the salivary glands: although the parotid gland (saliva secretion 25%) is predominantly serous, the sublingual gland (saliva secretion 5%) mainly mucous gland, and the submandibular gland (saliva secretion 70%) is a mixed, mainly serous gland. Sebaceous glands secrete sebum, a lipid product. These glands are also known as oil glands, e.g. Fordyce spots and Meibomian glands. Additional images See also List of glands of the human body List of specialized glands within the human integumentary system References External links Diagram at mhhe.com Exocrine system", "title": "Exocrine gland" }, { "docid": "9126834", "text": "Cutaneous innervation refers to an area of the skin which is supplied by a specific cutaneous nerve. Dermatomes are similar; however, a dermatome only specifies the area served by a spinal nerve. In some cases, the dermatome is less specific (when a spinal nerve is the source for more than one cutaneous nerve), and in other cases it is more specific (when a cutaneous nerve is derived from multiple spinal nerves.) Modern texts are in agreement about which areas of the skin are served by which nerves, but there are minor variations in some of the details. The borders designated by the diagrams in the 1918 edition of Gray's Anatomy are similar, but not identical, to those generally accepted today. Importance of the peripheral nervous system The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is divided into the somatic nervous system, the autonomic nervous system, and the enteric nervous system. However, it is the somatic nervous system, responsible for body movement and the reception of external stimuli, which allows one to understand how cutaneous innervation is made possible by the action of specific sensory fibers located on the skin, as well as the distinct pathways they take to the central nervous system. The skin, which is part of the integumentary system, plays an important role in the somatic nervous system because it contains a range of nerve endings that react to heat and cold, touch, pressure, vibration, and tissue injury. Importance of the central nervous system The central nervous system (CNS) works with the peripheral nervous system in cutaneous innervation. The CNS is responsible for processing the information it receives from the cutaneous nerves that detect a given stimulus, and then identifying the kind of sensory inputs which project to a specific region of the primary somatosensory cortex. The role of nerve endings on the surface of the skin Groups of nerve terminals located in the different layers of the skin are categorized depending on whether the skin is hairy, nonhairy, or an exposed mucous membrane. Hairy skin The hairy parts of the body such as the forearm or the leg have two groups of nerve endings: those that end along with the hair follicles, and also with the arborizations of unmyelinated axons which are referred to as free nerve endings because they are served by both myelinated and unmyelinated axons. Nonhairy skin Nonhairy skin (glabrous), such as the palms of hands and the soles of feet, has three types of nerve terminations. The first one, Meissner's corpuscles are encapsulated nerve endings attached to the epidermis in the dermal papilli that detect changes in texture and vibrations. Merkel's discs are arborizations of nonmyelinated axons that end in terminals on specialized tactile cells and which detect sustained touch and pressure. Lastly, there are also free nerve endings which are similar in structure to those in hairy skin, though they are more numerous. Exposed mucous membranes The exposed mucous membranes of the lips, the anal mucous membrane, and the external genital organs form the most", "title": "Cutaneous innervation" }, { "docid": "21785014", "text": "Haemochromatosis type 3 is a type of iron overload disorder associated with deficiencies in transferrin receptor 2. It exhibits an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. The first confirmed case was diagnosed in 1865 by French doctor Trousseau. Later in 1889, the German doctor von Recklinghausen indicated that the liver contains iron, and due to bleeding being considered to be the cause, he called the pigment \"Haemochromatosis.\" In 1935, English doctor Sheldon's groundbreaking book titled, Haemochromatosis, reviewed 311 patient case reports and presented the idea that haemochromatosis was a congenital metabolic disorder. Hereditary haemochromatosis is a congenital disorder which affects the regulation of iron metabolism thus causing increased gut absorption of iron and a gradual build-up of pathologic iron deposits in the liver and other internal organs, joint capsules and the skin. The iron overload could potentially cause serious disease from the age of 40–50 years. In the final stages of the disease, the major symptoms include liver cirrhosis, diabetes and bronze-colored skin. There are four types of hereditary hemochromatosis which are classified depending on the age of onset and other factors such as genetic cause and mode of inheritance. Signs and Symptoms The presence of Haemochromatosis type 3 can be realized through its many signs and symptoms throughout bodily systems. Systems affected by Haemochromatosis type 3 include the skeletal, endocrine, cardiovascular, neurological, genitourinary, and integumentary systems. There are also implications associated with a person's hematology, laboratory analysis results, and their liver. Those that inherit Haemochromatosis type 3 can be asymptomatic in up to 75% of cases. The most common symptoms for those with symptoms can include severe fatigue (75%), impotence (45%), arthralgia (44%), hepatomegaly (13%), skin pigmentation, and arthritis. The specific diseases and conditions that show a correlation with Haemochromatosis type 3 are the following: Genetics Inheritance Pattern The disease haemochromatosis type 3 is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Individuals with this disease exhibit a mutation in either both copies of the TFR2 or as compound heterozygotes (two mutations with one mutation in TFR2 and one in HFE). People with only one copy of TFR2 that is mutated and no mutations in HFE are labeled as carriers. Carriers typically do not exhibit signs or symptoms of the disease. This disease is shown to have reduced penetrance. Thus, some people with pathogenic variants of the TFR2 gene may never present symptoms related to the disease. Gene Involved The gene involved with patients diagnosed with type 3 hemochromatosis is TFR2 ( or HFE3). HFE (not the same as HFE3) is most often the cause of hereditary hemochromatosis. The HFE gene provides instructions for producing a protein that is located on the surface of cells, primarily liver and intestinal cells. The HFE protein is also found on some immune system cells. The HFE protein interacts with other proteins on the cell surface to detect the amount of iron in the body. When the HFE protein is attached to a protein called transferrin receptor 1, the receptor cannot bind to a protein called transferrin.", "title": "Haemochromatosis type 3" }, { "docid": "3595282", "text": "Merkel cells, also known as Merkel-Ranvier cells or tactile epithelial cells, are oval-shaped mechanoreceptors essential for light touch sensation and found in the skin of vertebrates. They are abundant in highly sensitive skin like that of the fingertips in humans, and make synaptic contacts with somatosensory afferent nerve fibers. It has been reported that Merkel cells are derived from neural crest cells, though more recent experiments in mammals have indicated that they are epithelial in origin. Structure Merkel cells are found in the skin and some parts of the mucosa of all vertebrates. In mammalian skin, they are clear cells found in the stratum basale (at the bottom of sweat duct ridges) of the epidermis approximately 10 μm in diameter. They are oval-shaped mechanoreceptors essential for light touch sensation and found in the skin of vertebrates. They are abundant in highly sensitive skin like that of the fingertips in humans, and make synaptic contacts with somatosensory afferent nerve fibers. They also occur in epidermal invaginations of the plantar foot surface called rete ridges. Most often, they are associated with sensory nerve endings, when they are known as Merkel nerve endings (also called a Merkel cell-neurite complex). They are associated with slowly adapting (SA1) somatosensory nerve fibers. They react to low vibrations (5–15 Hz) and deep static touch such as shapes and edges. Due to a small receptive field (extremely detailed info) they are densely present in areas like fingertips; they are not covered (shelled) and thus respond to pressures over long periods. Developmental The origin of Merkel cells has been debated for over 20 years. Evidence from skin graft experiments in birds implies that they are neural crest derived, but experiments in mammals now demonstrate an epidermal origin. Function The German anatomist Friedrich Sigmund Merkel referred to Merkel cells as Tastzellen or \"touch cells\". Until recently this proposed function was controversial and hard to prove, due to the close physical association of Merkel cells with sensory nerve endings. However, recent work in mice and other model organisms demonstrates that Merkel cells intrinsically transform touch into electrical signals that are transmitted to the nervous system. Merkel cells express PIEZO2, a mechanosensitive ion channel that responds to mechanical forces. Mice in which Piezo2 is knocked-out specifically in skin cells, but not sensory neurons, show decreased behavioral responses to gentle touch. Merkel cells are sometimes considered APUD cells (an older definition, more commonly classified as a part of dispersed neuroendocrine system) because they contain dense core granules, and thus may also have a neuroendocrine function. Susceptibility to malignancy Although uncommon, these cells may become malignant and form a Merkel cell carcinoma—an aggressive and difficult to treat skin cancer. See also Merkel nerve ending Merkel cell carcinoma List of keratins expressed in the human integumentary system List of human cell types derived from the germ layers List of distinct cell types in the adult human body References External links NIF Search - Merckel Disc Cell via the Neuroscience Information Framework Nervous tissue cells Skin", "title": "Merkel cell" }, { "docid": "36913605", "text": "Mutations of proteins that hold the cells of the skin together can cause disease. Autoantibodies against proteins that hold the cells of the skin together can also cause disease. See also List of keratins expressed in the human integumentary system List of target antigens in pemphigus List of immunofluorescence findings for autoimmune bullous conditions List of cutaneous conditions List of genes mutated in cutaneous conditions List of histologic stains that aid in diagnosis of cutaneous conditions Keratoderma References Junctional proteins Dermatology-related lists", "title": "List of cutaneous conditions caused by problems with junctional proteins" }, { "docid": "36943246", "text": "Many skin conditions require a skin biopsy for confirmation of the diagnosis. With several of these conditions there are features within the cells contained in the skin biopsy specimen that have elements in their cytoplasm or nucleus that have a characteristic appearance unique to the condition. These elements are termed inclusion bodies. See also List of contact allergens List of cutaneous conditions List of genes mutated in cutaneous conditions List of target antigens in pemphigus List of specialized glands within the human integumentary system References Dermatology-related lists", "title": "List of inclusion bodies that aid in diagnosis of cutaneous conditions" }, { "docid": "424087", "text": "Sabinas brittle hair syndrome, also called Sabinas syndrome or brittle hair-mental deficit syndrome, is an autosomal recessive congenital disorder affecting the integumentary system. Signs and symptoms Symptoms include brittle hair, mild mental retardation and nail dysplasia. The syndrome was first observed in Sabinas, a small community in northern Mexico. The principal biochemical features of the illness are reduced hair cystine levels, increased copper/zinc ratio, and presence of arginosuccinic acid in the blood and urine. The key finding is brittle hair with low sulfur content, but alternating dark and light bands under polarizing microscopy, trichoschisis, and absent or defective cuticle are additional important clues for the diagnosis of trichothiodystrophy. Review of literature reveals extensive associated findings in trichothiodystrophy. Amino acid analyses of control hair when compared with those of patients with the Sabinas syndrome showed very striking differences with regard to content of sulphur amino acids. As in previous descriptions of amino acid abnormalities in the trichorrhexis nodosa of arginosuccinicaciduria, there were increases in lysine, aspartic acid, alanine, leucine, isoleucine, and tyrosine. Trichothiodystrophy represents a central pathologic feature of a specific hair dysplasia associated with several disorders in organs derived from ectoderm and neuroectoderm. Trichothiodystrophy or TTD is a heterogeneous group of autosomal recessive disorders, characterized by abnormally sulfur deficient brittle hair and accompanied by ichthyosis and other manifestations. Patients with trichothiodystrophy should have a thorough evaluation for other associated manifestations, including investigation of photosensitivity and DNA repair defects. Because the disease appears to be inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, detection of low-sulfur brittle hair syndrome is also important for genetic counseling. Genetics Sabinas brittle hair syndrome is inherited as an autosomal recessive genetic trait. In a study by Howell et al. patients were located and studied by means of complete histories and physical examinations, analyses of serum trace metals, ceruloplasmin concentration, urine and serum amino acids, and routine metabolic urine screens. In addition, serum and urine luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) values were determined, and were interpreted in conjunction with total plasma estrogen, estradiol, and testosterone levels. Close examination demonstrated the scalp hairs were very brittle, coarse, wiry in texture, and broke off quite easily with mechanical trauma such as combing and brushing. Some hairs could be visualized in their follicles, which were broken off at the skin line. Most patients had accompanying hyperkeratosis (thickening of the skin) of moderate degree on exposed surfaces. Maxillary hypoplasia (midfacial retrusion) was significant in many patients. The brittle, short hair, reduced eyelashes, crowded teeth, and dull appearance created a characteristic facial appearance. Post-pubertal patients had development of secondary sexual characteristics consistent with their age, except for sparse pubic escutcheons. All cases studied demonstrated some degree of mental deficiency; I.Q.'s ranged between 50 and 60. A deficiency in eye–hand coordination was also noted. Diagnosis The easiest way to test for this condition is through genetic testing. Several methods can be used for genetic testing that can help identity this condition, Molecular genetic tests (or gene tests) study single genes or short", "title": "Sabinas brittle hair syndrome" } ]	[ { "docid": "36913423", "text": "There are many different keratin proteins normally expressed in the human integumentary system. See also List of cutaneous conditions caused by mutations in keratins List of target antigens in pemphigoid List of target antigens in pemphigus Cutaneous conditions with immunofluorescence findings List of cutaneous conditions List of genes mutated in cutaneous conditions List of histologic stains that aid in diagnosis of cutaneous conditions References Dermatology-related lists", "title": "List of keratins expressed in the human integumentary system" }, { "docid": "36961844", "text": "Verrucous carcinoma is a type of squamous cell carcinoma that may be associated with HPV infection (may be subtypes 16 or 18, but types 6 and 11 have also been reported, as have HPV negative variants). Several subtypes of verrucous carcinoma have been described. Treatment of verrucous carcinoma with radiation therapy should be avoided due to the risk of anaplastic transformation. See also List of cutaneous conditions List of contact allergens List of cutaneous conditions associated with increased risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer List of cutaneous conditions associated with internal malignancy List of cutaneous conditions caused by mutations in keratins List of cutaneous conditions caused by problems with junctional proteins List of dental abnormalities associated with cutaneous conditions List of genes mutated in cutaneous conditions List of histologic stains that aid in diagnosis of cutaneous conditions List of immunofluorescence findings for autoimmune bullous conditions List of inclusion bodies that aid in diagnosis of cutaneous conditions List of keratins expressed in the human integumentary system List of radiographic findings associated with cutaneous conditions List of specialized glands within the human integumentary system List of target antigens in pemphigoid List of target antigens in pemphigus References Cutaneous conditions Medical lists", "title": "List of verrucous carcinoma subtypes" }, { "docid": "5780599", "text": "A biological system is a complex network which connects several biologically relevant entities. Biological organization spans several scales and are determined based different structures depending on what the system is. Examples of biological systems at the macro scale are populations of organisms. On the organ and tissue scale in mammals and other animals, examples include the circulatory system, the respiratory system, and the nervous system. On the micro to the nanoscopic scale, examples of biological systems are cells, organelles, macromolecular complexes and regulatory pathways. A biological system is not to be confused with a living system, such as a living organism. Organ and tissue systems These specific systems are widely studied in human anatomy and are also present in many other animals. Respiratory system: the organs used for breathing, the pharynx, larynx, bronchi, lungs and diaphragm. Digestive system: digestion and processing food with salivary glands, oesophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, intestines, rectum and anus. Cardiovascular system (heart and circulatory system): pumping and channeling blood to and from the body and lungs with heart, blood and blood vessels. Urinary system: kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra involved in fluid balance, electrolyte balance and excretion of urine. Integumentary system: skin, hair, fat, and nails. Skeletal system: structural support and protection with bones, cartilage, ligaments and tendons. Endocrine system: communication within the body using hormones made by endocrine glands such as the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, pineal body or pineal gland, thyroid, parathyroid and adrenals, i.e., adrenal glands. Exocrine system: various functions including lubrication and protection by exocrine glands such sweat glands, mucous glands, lacrimal glands and mammary glands Lymphatic system: structures involved in the transfer of lymph between tissues and the blood stream; includes the lymph and the nodes and vessels. The lymphatic system includes functions including immune responses and development of antibodies. Immune system: protects the organism from foreign bodies. Nervous system: collecting, transferring and processing information with brain, spinal cord, peripheral nervous system and sense organs. Sensory systems: visual system, auditory system, olfactory system, gustatory system, somatosensory system, vestibular system. Muscular system: allows for manipulation of the environment, provides locomotion, maintains posture, and produces heat. Includes skeletal muscles, smooth muscles and cardiac muscle. Reproductive system: the sex organs, such as ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands, testes, vas deferens, seminal vesicles and prostate. History The notion of system (or apparatus) relies upon the concept of vital or organic function: a system is a set of organs with a definite function. This idea was already present in Antiquity (Galen, Aristotle), but the application of the term \"system\" is more recent. For example, the nervous system was named by Monro (1783), but Rufus of Ephesus (c. 90–120), clearly viewed for the first time the brain, spinal cord, and craniospinal nerves as an anatomical unit, although he wrote little about its function, nor gave a name to this unit. The enumeration of the principal functions - and consequently of the systems - remained almost the same since Antiquity, but the classification of them has", "title": "Biological system" }, { "docid": "36952234", "text": "Many conditions of or affecting the human integumentary system have associated abnormalities of the teeth. See also List of cutaneous conditions List of contact allergens List of cutaneous conditions associated with internal malignancy List of cutaneous conditions caused by mutations in keratins List of cutaneous conditions caused by problems with junctional proteins List of genes mutated in cutaneous conditions List of histologic stains that aid in diagnosis of cutaneous conditions List of immunofluorescence findings for autoimmune bullous conditions List of inclusion bodies that aid in diagnosis of cutaneous conditions List of keratins expressed in the human integumentary system List of radiographic findings associated with cutaneous conditions List of specialized glands within the human integumentary system List of target antigens in pemphigoid List of target antigens in pemphigus References Cutaneous conditions Dermatology-related lists Tooth pathology", "title": "List of dental abnormalities associated with cutaneous conditions" }, { "docid": "3598606", "text": "Classification Commune des Actes Médicaux is a French medical classification for clinical procedures. Starting in 2005, the CCAM serves as the reimbursement classification for clinicians. The CCAM was evaluated using OpenGALEN tools and technologies. This classification is used to establish In private practice and hospital fees for acts performed during technical consultations In private clinics, the fees for procedures performed In public and private hospitals, the DRG and its pricing of hospital stays provided to health insurance as part of T2 A. The choice of acts of this nomenclature is up to the Evaluation Commission of Acts Professionals (CEAP) of the High Authority of Health It coexists with the Nomenclature Générale des Actes Professionnels (NGAP). Structure In the version V2, the ACPC 7623 codes included. Each is accompanied by wording to clarify its meaning unambiguously followed by its price in euros and tariff details. Code Principal Explicit hierarchical coding. This code and / or its title in the presence of personally identifiable information may impair the protection of people and lift the confidentiality of those who entrust themselves to organizations and managed care organization. Each code comprises the four letters and three numbers. The first letter refers to a large anatomical unit; The second letter indicates the body (or function) in the unit corresponding to the first letter; The third letter denotes the action performed; The fourth letter identifies the surgical approach or technique used. The next three digits are used to differentiate between acts with four identical letters keys. e.g. HHFA001: Appendectomy, for the first quadrant HH. F A. 001 Action Technical topography Counter Hierarchical ACPC CCAM codes are structured in a tree whose top-level comprises 19 chapters, organized mainly by large anatomical structure or function: 01. central nervous system, device and independent 02. eye and notes 03. ear 04. circulatory 05. immune system and hematopoietic 06. respiratory 07. digestive 08. urinary and genital 09. acts on the reproductive, pregnancy and the newborn 10. endocrine and metabolic 11. osteoarticular apparatus and muscle of the head 12. osteoarticular apparatus and muscle neck and trunk 13. osteoarticular apparatus and muscle of the upper limb 14. osteoarticular apparatus and muscle of lower limb 15. osteoarticular apparatus and muscle without precision surveying 16. integumentary system - mammary glands 17. acts without precision surveying 18. anesthetic actions and additional statements 19. transitional adjustments to the acpc The second level separates the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, it is optionally followed by one or more sub-levels. Modifiers acts and association Some acts may receive more than their one or more main code details called Modifiers. A modifier is information associated with a label that identifies a particular criterion for the performance of an act or his recovery. It applies to a specific list of acts. Modifiers are explicitly allowed in respect of each of the acts concerned. The application of a modifier leads to a rate increase of the act. Only modifiers can be charged in connection with acts that have a tariff. The description of", "title": "Classification Commune des Actes Médicaux" }, { "docid": "36951865", "text": "Many conditions of or affecting the human integumentary system have associated features that may be found by performing an x-ray or CT scan of the affected person. See also List of cutaneous conditions List of contact allergens List of cutaneous conditions associated with internal malignancy List of cutaneous conditions caused by mutations in keratins List of cutaneous conditions caused by problems with junctional proteins List of genes mutated in cutaneous conditions List of histologic stains that aid in diagnosis of cutaneous conditions List of immunofluorescence findings for autoimmune bullous conditions List of inclusion bodies that aid in diagnosis of cutaneous conditions List of keratins expressed in the human integumentary system List of specialized glands within the human integumentary system List of target antigens in pemphigoid List of target antigens in pemphigus References Cutaneous conditions Dermatology-related lists Cutaneous conditions", "title": "List of radiographic findings associated with cutaneous conditions" }, { "docid": "36971126", "text": "There are many human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles associated with conditions of or affecting the human integumentary system See also List of allergens List of cutaneous conditions associated with increased risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer List of cutaneous conditions associated with internal malignancy List of cutaneous conditions caused by mutations in keratins List of cutaneous conditions caused by problems with junctional proteins List of dental abnormalities associated with cutaneous conditions List of genes mutated in cutaneous conditions List of histologic stains that aid in diagnosis of cutaneous conditions List of immunofluorescence findings for autoimmune bullous conditions List of inclusion bodies that aid in diagnosis of cutaneous conditions List of keratins expressed in the human integumentary system List of radiographic findings associated with cutaneous conditions List of skin conditions List of specialized glands within the human integumentary system List of target antigens in pemphigoid List of target antigens in pemphigus References Cutaneous conditions Human leukocyte Leukocyte", "title": "List of human leukocyte antigen alleles associated with cutaneous conditions" }, { "docid": "3582974", "text": "Tegument may refer to: Integumentary system, the organ system that protects the body from various kinds of damage, such as loss of water or abrasion from outside the body. Tegument (helminth) Viral tegument", "title": "Tegument" }, { "docid": "37002880", "text": "Many mites can bite human skin and cause cutaneous reaction and/or disease. Mites which cannot bite humans may also transmit disease or cause allergies. See also List of conditions associated with café au lait macules List of contact allergens List of cutaneous conditions associated with increased risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer List of cutaneous conditions associated with internal malignancy List of cutaneous conditions caused by mutations in keratins List of cutaneous neoplasms associated with systemic syndromes List of cutaneous conditions caused by problems with junctional proteins List of dental abnormalities associated with cutaneous conditions List of genes mutated in cutaneous conditions List of genes mutated in pigmented cutaneous lesions List of histologic stains that aid in diagnosis of cutaneous conditions List of human leukocyte antigen alleles associated with cutaneous conditions List of immunofluorescence findings for autoimmune bullous conditions List of inclusion bodies that aid in diagnosis of cutaneous conditions List of keratins expressed in the human integumentary system List of migrating cutaneous conditions List of radiographic findings associated with cutaneous conditions List of specialized glands within the human integumentary system List of spiders associated with cutaneous reactions List of target antigens in pemphigoid List of target antigens in pemphigus List of verrucous carcinoma subtypes List of xanthoma variants associated with hyperlipoproteinemia subtypes References Acari and humans Medical lists", "title": "List of mites associated with cutaneous reactions" }, { "docid": "36966877", "text": "A number of diseases/syndromes of the human body may be associated with the development of café au lait macules. See also List of skin conditions List of allergens List of cutaneous conditions associated with increased risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer List of cutaneous conditions associated with internal malignancy List of cutaneous conditions caused by mutations in keratins List of cutaneous conditions caused by problems with junctional proteins List of dental abnormalities associated with cutaneous conditions List of genes mutated in cutaneous conditions List of histologic stains that aid in diagnosis of cutaneous conditions List of immunofluorescence findings for autoimmune bullous conditions List of inclusion bodies that aid in diagnosis of cutaneous conditions List of keratins expressed in the human integumentary system List of radiographic findings associated with cutaneous conditions List of specialized glands within the human integumentary system List of target antigens in pemphigoid List of target antigens in pemphigus References Cutaneous conditions Café au lait macules", "title": "List of conditions associated with café au lait macules" }, { "docid": "75924429", "text": "Nuptial tubercles (also called nuptial efflorescences, breeding tubercles or pearl organs) are dermal structures present in 15 families of fish belonging to 4 orders of Actinopterygii – Salmoniformes, Gonorhynchiformes, Cypriniformes and Perciformes – used in the courtship and reproduction process. They consist of partially or fully keratinised cells that form a perceptible protrusion in certain regions, used to stimulate females during courtship. Their development is stimulated by hormones secreted by the pituitary and adrenal glands, and is induced shortly before the breeding season and discarded after. In some species, at least, there is a correlation between the level of androgens present in the endocrine system and the volume and complexity of tubercle growth. Use and description Nuptial tubercles are skin nodules made of keratin, the same material as hair, hooves, and fingernails. They normally form on the heads of male fish, often covering the whole of the top part of the snout, but may also occur on fins, or anywhere else on the scaled integumentary system. The actual purpose of nuptial tubercles is not definitely known. There are many theories about their function, which include: use to stimulate females during courtship, in aggressive rituals performed by males during mate selection, or to maintain contact between individuals during reproduction. There is definite proof that they grow mainly on areas with greater mechanical stress, which means that those species that head-butt females to stimulate them to release eggs will have more on the head, whereas those that dig nests in gravel substrates will develop them more on their fins. Tubercles occasionally develop on female fish also, but this is rare, and they are often barely visible to the naked eye. Nuptial tubercles have been described as an honest signal of the general health of the male bearer. Indeed, research has proven a correlation between tubercle density and parasite resistance, though it is not always a positive correlation. In species that use lek mating, the females choose the males with the roughest skin, but were not confused by males that had papillomatosis (a skin disease resulting in rough skin). The presence of nuptial tubercles has been used to distinguish speciation. The genus Leucos was described from similar Rutilus species in Europe as they do not develop them. Similarly, the description of Messinobarbus (now a synonym of Luciobarbus) in 1994 was an attempt to distinguish those species with them from Barbus that do not have them. Similar structures in other fishes Visually similar structures to nuptial tubercles are produced by male loricariid catfishes during the mating season, in similar places to nuptial tubercles (snout and fins). These are actually hypertrophied odontodes, which are therefore dermal teeth, rather than keratin, and are covered by flesh containing taste buds. It has been proposed that these ornaments may assist breeding success by mimicking fry, tempting females to lay their eggs in the nest cave of a successful male, already guarding his own offspring. Instead of tubercles, cichlid males produce Nuchal humps (Koks), where additional fat is laid", "title": "Nuptial tubercles" }, { "docid": "61803980", "text": "This is a list of types of inflammation in the body when organised by location. Nervous system CNS Encephalitis/Cerebritis Myelitis Meningitis Cerebellitis Ventriculitis PNS Neuritis Eye Dacryoadenitis Dacryocystitis Conjunctivitis Scleritis Episcleritis Uveitis Blepharitis Keratitis Retinitis/Chorioretinitis Ear Otitis Labyrinthitis Otitis media Otitis Externa Cardiovascular system Carditis Endocarditis Myocarditis Pericarditis Vasculitis Arteritis Phlebitis Capillaritis Aortitis Respiratory system Sinusitis Rhinitis Pharyngitis Epiglottitis Laryngitis Tracheitis Bronchitis Bronchiolitis Pneumonitis Pneumonia Pleurisy Digestive system Stomatitis Cheilitis Glossitis Tonsillitis Sialadenitis Parotitis Gingivitis Pulpitis Pericoronitis Gnathitis Oesophagitis Gastritis Gastroenteritis Enteritis Duodenitis Jejunitis Ileitis Colitis Pancolitis Appendicitis Cryptitis Proctitis Diverticulitis Hepatitis Viral hepatitis Alcoholic hepatitis Autoimmune hepatitis Cholecystitis Cholangitis Pancreatitis Peritonitis Mediastinitis Integumentary system Dermatitis Cellulitis Erysipelas Mastitis Onychia Folliculitis Omphalitis Musculoskeletal system Arthritis Sacroilitis Myositis Osteitis/Osteomyelitis Spondylitis Chondritis Synovitis Tendinitis Tenosynovitis Bursitis Perichondritis Fasciitis Enthesitis Discitis Dactylitis Urinary system Nephritis Pyelonephritis Interstitial Nephritis Glomerulonephritis Ureteritis Cystitis Urethritis Reproductive system Female Oophoritis Salpingitis Metritis Endometritis Myometritis Parametritis Cervicitis Vaginitis Vulvitis Bartholinitis Skenitis Placentitis Villitis Intervillitis Funisitis Chorioamnionitis Male Orchitis Epididymitis Vasitis/Deferentitis Prostatitis Vesiculitis Cowperitis Balanitis Posthitis Endocrine system Insulitis Hypophysitis Thyroiditis Parathyroiditis Adrenalitis Steatitis Lymphatic/immune system Lymphangitis Lymphadenitis Splenitis Thymitis References Inflammation Inflammations", "title": "List of types of inflammation by location" }, { "docid": "28256710", "text": "This is a list of allergies, which includes the allergen, potential reactions, and a brief description of the cause where applicable. Allergens Food Medical Environmental Contact Many substances can cause an allergic reaction when in contact with the human integumentary system. See also Allergic inflammation Elimination diet Food intolerance Oral allergy syndrome Sweat allergy List of inclusion bodies that aid in diagnosis of cutaneous conditions List of cutaneous conditions List of genes mutated in cutaneous conditions List of target antigens in pemphigus List of specialized glands within the human integumentary system References Further reading A collection of resources on the topic of food allergies and intolerances. Effects of external causes Allergology Pulmonology Gastroenterology Immune system disorders Food allergies Dermatology-related lists", "title": "List of allergens" }, { "docid": "2014255", "text": "The Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code set is a procedural code set developed by the American Medical Association (AMA). It is maintained by the CPT Editorial Panel. The CPT code set describes medical, surgical, and diagnostic services and is designed to communicate uniform information about medical services and procedures among physicians, coders, patients, accreditation organizations, and payers for administrative, financial, and analytical purposes. New editions are released each October, with CPT 2021 being in use since October 2021. It is available in both a standard edition and a professional edition. CPT coding is similar to ICD-10-CM coding, except that it identifies the services rendered, rather than the diagnosis on the claim. Whilst the ICD-10-PCS codes also contains procedure codes, those are only used in the inpatient setting. CPT is identified by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) as Level 1 of the Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System. Although its use has become federally regulated, the CPT's copyright has not entered the public domain. Users of the CPT code set must pay license fees to the AMA. Types of code There are three types of CPT code: Category I, Category II, and Category III. Category I Category I CPT Code(s). There are six main sections: Medicare specific codes (HCPCS) for Preventive evaluation and management (G0402) - Initial Preventive Physical Examination; face-to-face visit, services limited to a new patient during the first 12 months of Medicare enrollment. (G0438) - Annual wellness visit, includes a personalized prevention plan of service (PPPS), first visit, (G0439) - Annual wellness visit, includes a personalized prevention plan of service (PPPS), subsequent visit Codes for evaluation and management: 99201–99499 (99201–99215) Office/other outpatient services (99217–99220) Hospital observation services (99221–99239) Hospital inpatient services (99241–99255) Consultations (99281–99288) Emergency department services (99291–99292) Critical care services (99304–99318) Nursing facility services (99324–99337) Domiciliary, rest home (boarding home) or custodial care services (99339–99340) Domiciliary, rest home (assisted living facility), or home care plan oversight services (99341–99350) Home health services (99354–99360) Prolonged services (99363–99368) Case management services (99374–99380) Care plan oversight services (99381–99429) Preventive medicine services (99441–99444) Non-face-to-face physician services (99450–99456) Special evaluation and management services (99460–99465) Newborn care services (99466–99480) Inpatient neonatal intensive, and pediatric/neonatal critical, care services (99487–99489) Complex chronic care coordination services (99495–99496) Transitional care management services (99499) Other evaluation and management services Codes for anesthesia: 00100–01999; 99100–99150 (00100–00222) head (00300–00352) neck (00400–00474) thorax (00500–00580) intrathoracic (00600–00670) spine and spinal cord (00700–00797) upper abdomen (00800–00882) lower abdomen (00902–00952) perineum (01112–01190) pelvis (except hip) (01200–01274) upper leg (except knee) (01320–01444) knee and popliteal area (01462–01522) lower leg (below knee) (01610–01682) shoulder and axillary (01710–01782) upper arm and elbow (01810–01860) forearm, wrist and hand (01916–01936) radiological procedures (01951–01953) burn excisions or debridement (01958–01969) obstetric (01990–01999) other procedures (99100–99140) qualifying circumstances for anesthesia (99143–99150) moderate (conscious) sedation Codes for surgery: 10000–69990 (10000–10022) general (10040–19499) integumentary system (20000–29999) musculoskeletal system (30000–32999) respiratory system (33010–37799) cardiovascular system (38100–38999) hemic and lymphatic systems (39000–39599) mediastinum and diaphragm (40490–49999) digestive system (50010–53899) urinary system (54000–55899) male genital system", "title": "Current Procedural Terminology" }, { "docid": "1169287", "text": "Fibromas are benign tumors that are composed of fibrous or connective tissue. They can grow in all organs, arising from mesenchyme tissue. The term \"fibroblastic\" or \"fibromatous\" is used to describe tumors of the fibrous connective tissue. When the term fibroma is used without modifier, it is usually considered benign, with the term fibrosarcoma reserved for malignant tumors. Types Hard fibroma The hard fibroma (fibroma durum) consists of many fibres and few cells, e.g. in skin it is called dermatofibroma (fibroma simplex or nodulus cutaneous). A special form is the keloid, which derives from hyperplastic growth of scars. Soft fibroma The soft fibroma (fibroma molle) or fibroma with a shaft (acrochordon, skin tag, fibroma pendulans) consist of many loosely connected cells and less fibroid tissue. It mostly appears at the neck, armpits or groin. The photo shows a soft fibroma of the eyelid. Other types of fibroma The fibroma cavernosum or angiofibroma, consists of many often dilated vessels, it is a vasoactive tumor occurring almost exclusively in adolescent males. The cystic fibroma (fibroma cysticum) has central softening or dilated lymphatic vessels. The myxofibroma (fibroma myxomatodes) is produced by liquefaction of the underlying soft tissue. The cemento-ossifying fibroma is hard and fibrous, most frequently seen in the jaw or mouth, sometimes in connection with a fracture or another type of injury. Other fibromas: chondromyxoid fibroma, desmoplasmic fibroma, nonossifying fibroma, ossifying fibroma, nuchal fibroma, collagenous fibroma, fibroma of tendon sheath, perifollicular fibroma, pleomorphic fibroma, uterine fibroma, Gardner fibroma, etc. The neurofibroma is a benign nerve-sheath tumor in the peripheral nervous system. Ovarian fibroma It appears in the sex cord-stromal tumour group of ovarian neoplasms. Ovary fibromas are most frequent during middle age, and rare in children. Upon gross pathological inspection, ovary fibromas are firm and white or tan. Variants with edema are especially likely to be associated with Meigs' syndrome. On microscopic examination, there are intersecting bundles of spindle cells producing collagen. There may be thecomatous areas (fibrothecoma). The presence of an ovarian fibroma can cause ovarian torsion in some cases. Treatment Benign fibromas may, but need not, be removed. Removal is usually a brief outpatient procedure or using cryotherapy in which the lesion is deep frozen (-196 degrees Celsius using liquid nitrogen) and thawed for two or more cycles, with full recovery within 3 to 4 weeks. The cryotherapy treatment needs no anesthetics and is painless. Another simple treatment is snip removal after injecting local anesthetic. See also Acrochordon (skin tags) Fibrous lesions References External links Gynaecological cancer Integumentary neoplasia", "title": "Fibroma" }, { "docid": "64991255", "text": "Nervous system CNS Encephalitis Myelitis Meningitis Arachnoiditis PNS Neuritis eye Dacryoadenitis Scleritis Episcleritis Keratitis Retinitis Chorioretinitis Blepharitis Conjunctivitis Uveitis ear Otitis externa Otitis media Labyrinthitis Mastoiditis Cardiovascular system Carditis Endocarditis Myocarditis Pericarditis Vasculitis Arteritis Phlebitis Capillaritis Respiratory system upper Sinusitis Rhinitis Pharyngitis Laryngitis lower Tracheitis Bronchitis Bronchiolitis Pneumonitis Pleuritis Mediastinitis Digestion system Mouth Stomatitis Gingivitis Gingivostomatitis Glossitis Tonsillitis Sialadenitis/Parotitis Cheilitis Pulpitis Gnathitis Gastrointestinal tract Esophagitis Gastritis Gastroenteritis Enteritis Colitis Enterocolitis Duodenitis Ileitis Caecitis Appendicitis Proctitis Accessory digestive organs Hepatitis Ascending cholangitis Cholecystitis Pancreatitis Peritonitis Integumentary system Dermatitis Folliculitis Cellulitis Hidradenitis Musculoskeletal system Arthritis Dermatomyositis soft tissue Myositis Synovitis/Tenosynovitis Bursitis Enthesitis Fasciitis Capsulitis Epicondylitis Tendinitis Panniculitis Osteochondritis: Osteitis/Osteomyelitis Spondylitis Periostitis Chondritis Urinary system Nephritis Glomerulonephritis Pyelonephritis Ureteritis Cystitis Urethritis Reproductive system Female Oophoritis Salpingitis Endometritis Parametritis Cervicitis Vaginitis Vulvitis Mastitis Male Orchitis Epididymitis Prostatitis Seminal vesiculitis Balanitis Posthitis Balanoposthitis Pregnancy/newborn Chorioamnionitis Funisitis Omphalitis Endocrine system Insulitis Hypophysitis Thyroiditis Parathyroiditis Adrenalitis Lymphatic system Lymphangitis Lymphadenitis Physiology Inflammations", "title": "List of inflammatory disorders" }, { "docid": "30957346", "text": "Khalid Saeed Khan, born March 5, 1955, Principal of College of Physiotherapy in the Mayo Hospital at Lahore, Pakistan. Academic life He got his B.Sc. Physiotherapy degree from JPMC Karachi, 1978. He also did a course of Sports Medicine by Dr. Thomas Freud Canada organized by Federation of International de Football Association held at Lahore in 1992. He was appointed as the Head of Physiotherapy Department Jinnah Hospital Lahore. He, later on became the Principal of Allama Iqbal College of Physiotherapy, Allama Iqbal Medical Complex, Lahore, (Pakistan). . Honors He was initially appointment as Assistant Physiotherapist in 1980. Later, in 1986, he became a Lecture Physiotherapist. He was later on promoted to a rank of BS. 19 on December 1, 1999. Articles He has written various articles related to physiotherapy. Major of them are: Role of Physiotherapy in Integumentary. Social services He attended the Annual international conference of Indian Association of Physiotherapist held in March 1984 at King George Medical College, Lukhnow. U P India. He Organized first Physiotherapy Congress under the flag Punjab Health Department Physiotherapists association in December 1984. He also attended the Conference for torture victim Patients at Lahore in 1991. See also Occupational Therapy Doctor of Physical Therapy References External links http://www.aicp.edu.pk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=94&Itemid=224 1954 births Living people Academic staff of King Edward Medical University Pakistani physiotherapists", "title": "Khalid Saeed Khan" }, { "docid": "5060330", "text": "The following is a list of the codes for MeSH (Medical Subject Headings), a comprehensive controlled vocabulary for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books in the life sciences. It is a product of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM). The prefixes (A01, etc.) are linked to more extensive sub-lists of codes; the medical terms are linked to articles on those topics. The source for this content is the set of 2024 MeSH Trees from NLM. A Anatomy A01 body regions (74 articles) A02 musculoskeletal system (213 articles) A03 digestive system (98 articles) A04 respiratory system (46 articles) A05 urogenital system (87 articles) A06 endocrine system A07 cardiovascular system A08 nervous system A09 sense organs A10 tissues A11 cells A12 fluids and secretions A13 animal structures A14 stomatognathic system A15 hemic and immune systems A16 embryonic structures A17 integumentary system A18plant structures A19fungal structures A20bacterial structures A21viral structures B Organisms B01 eukaryota (animals, plants, fungi) B02 archaea B03 bacteria B04 viruses B05 organism forms C Diseases C01 bacterial infections and mycoses C02 virus diseases C03 parasitic diseases C04 neoplasms C05 musculoskeletal diseases C06 digestive system diseases C07 stomatognathic diseases C08 respiratory tract diseases C09 otorhinolaryngologic diseases C10 nervous system diseases C11 eye diseases C12 urologic and male genital diseases C13 female genital diseases and pregnancy complications C14 cardiovascular diseases C15 hemic and lymphatic diseases C16 congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities C17 skin and connective tissue diseases C18 nutritional and metabolic diseases C19 endocrine system diseases C20 immune system diseases C21 disorders of environmental origin C22 animal diseases C23 pathological conditions, signs and symptoms C24occupational diseases C25chemically induced disorders C26wounds and injuries D Chemicals and Drugs D01 inorganic chemicals D02 organic chemicals D03 heterocyclic compounds D04 polycyclic compounds D05 macromolecular substances D06 hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists D07 none (enzymes and coenzymes) D08 enzymes and coenzymes (carbohydrates) D09 carbohydrates (lipids) D10 lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) D11 none (nucleic acids, nucleotides, and nucleosides) D12 amino acids, peptides, and proteins D13 nucleic acids, nucleotides, and nucleosides D20 complex mixtures D23 biological factors D25 biomedical and dental materials D26 pharmaceutical preparations D27 chemical actions and uses E Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment E01 diagnosis E02 therapeutics E03 anesthesia and analgesia E04 surgical procedures, operative E05 investigative techniques E06 dentistry E07 equipment and supplies F Psychiatry and Psychology F01 behavior and behavior mechanisms F02 psychological phenomena and processes F03 mental disorders F04 behavioral disciplines and activities G Phenomena and Processes G01 physical phenomena G02 chemical phenomena G03 metabolism G04 cell phenomena and immunity G05 genetic phenomena G06 microbiological phenomena G07 physiological processes G08 reproductive and urinary physiological phenomena G09 circulatory and respiratory physiological phenomena G10 digestive and oral physiological phenomena G11 musculoskeletal and neural physiological phenomena G12 immune system phenomena G13 integumentary system physiological phenomena G14 ocular physiological phenomena G15plant physiological phenomena G16biological phenomena G17mathematical concepts HDisciplines and Occupations H01 natural science disciplines H02health occupations I Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena I01 social sciences", "title": "List of MeSH codes" }, { "docid": "5114908", "text": "The following is a partial list of the \"A\" codes for Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), as defined by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM). This list continues the information at List of MeSH codes (A16). Codes following these are found at List of MeSH codes (B01). For other MeSH codes, see List of MeSH codes. The source for this content is the set of 2006 MeSH Trees from the NLM. – integumentary system – hair – eyebrows – eyelashes – hair follicle – wool – nails – skin – dermis – epidermis – hair follicle – sebaceous glands – sweat glands – apocrine glands – eccrine glands The list continues at List of MeSH codes (B01). A17", "title": "List of MeSH codes (A17)" }, { "docid": "42087655", "text": "This is a list of the main organ systems in the human body. Circulatory system/cardiovascular system Circulates blood around the body via the heart, arteries and veins, delivering oxygen and nutrients to organs and cells and carrying their waste products away, as well as keeping the body's temperature in a safe range. Digestive system/excretory system System to absorb nutrients and remove waste via the gastrointestinal tract, including the mouth, oesophagus, stomach and intestines. Endocrine system Influences the function of the body using hormones. Exocrine system System that secrete substances through ducts for various functions. Integumentary system The integumentary system comprises skin and its appendages; hair, nails, sweat glands and oil glands. Immune system/lymphatic system Defends the body against pathogens that may harm the body. The system contains a network of lymphatic vessels that carry a clear fluid called lymph. Muscular system Enables the body to move using muscles. Nervous system Collects and processes information from the senses via nerves and the brain and tells the muscles to contract to cause physical actions. Reproductive system The reproductive organs are required for the production of offspring. Respiratory system Brings air into and out of the lungs to absorb oxygen and remove carbon dioxide. Skeletal system Bones maintain the structure of the body and its organs. Urinary system/renal system The urinary system (also known as renal system) filter blood with the help of kidneys to produce urine, and get rid of waste. See also List of distinct cell types in the adult human body List of organs of the human body Organ systems Systems", "title": "List of systems of the human body" }, { "docid": "4997017", "text": "Programming and Metaprogramming in the Human Biocomputer: Theory and Experiments is a 1968 book by John C. Lilly. In the book, \"the doctor imagines the brain as a piece of computer technology.\" More specifically, he uses \"the analogy of brain being the hardware, the mind being the software and consciousness being beyond both.\" Summary The term human biocomputer, coined by Lilly, refers to the \"hardware\" of the human anatomy. This would include the brain, internal organs, and other human organ systems such as cardiovascular, digestive, endocrine, immune, integumentary, lymphatic, muscular, nervous, reproductive, respiratory, skeletal, and urinary systems. The biocomputer has stored program properties, and self-metaprogramming properties, with limits determinable and to be determined. Definitions The following definitions are used in the book: Mind, which is defined as the sum total of all the programs and metaprograms (and even supraself metaprograms) of a human biocomputer. This is the software and is looked at as the opposite of the hardware. Brain, which is defined as the visible, palpable living set of structures to be included in the human biocomputer. Stored program, which is defined as a set of instructions which are placed in memory storage of the biocomputer, and which control the biocomputer when orders are given for that program to be activated. These programs can be activated by the same biocomputer, another biocomputer, or a situation outside of the biocomputer. Metaprogramming, which is defined as a set of instructions, descriptions, and implementations of related thoughts and actions (programs). Self-metaprogramming involves the creation, revision, and reorganization of programs and metaprograms. Organization The functional organization of the human biocomputer described in the book is: The levels of the human biocomputer are explained thus: Levels from one to two are the boundaries between external reality and the body. Certain energies and materials (heat, light, sound, food, and secretions) pass through this boundary in special places. Levels two to three are the boundaries of body and brain, in which special structures such as blood vessels, nerve fibers, and cerebrospinal fluid pass. Levels four through eleven are in the brain circuitry, and is the software inside the biocomputer. Levels after ten are termed unknown. This is to allow an openness for future scientific research, and discoveries. This is also to illustrate the unwillingness to subscribe to any dogmatic belief, to encourage creative, courageous and imaginative investigation, to emphasize the necessity for unknown factors on all levels, and to point out the heuristic nature of this schema. Reception Editions See also Eight-circuit model Laws of Form Reality tunnel Timothy Leary References Citations Works cited 1968 non-fiction books American non-fiction books Books about consciousness Philosophy of mind literature", "title": "Programming and Metaprogramming in the Human Biocomputer" }, { "docid": "36978429", "text": "When the cholesterol levels in the body rise above the normal level, a number of skin lesions can occur. Xanthomas are one of types of skin lesions that may occur in this situation. Other systemic conditions may also occur with increased levels of cholesterol in the blood. See also List of cutaneous conditions List of contact allergens List of cutaneous conditions associated with increased risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer List of cutaneous conditions associated with internal malignancy List of cutaneous conditions caused by mutations in keratins List of cutaneous conditions caused by problems with junctional proteins List of dental abnormalities associated with cutaneous conditions List of genes mutated in cutaneous conditions List of histologic stains that aid in diagnosis of cutaneous conditions List of immunofluorescence findings for autoimmune bullous conditions List of inclusion bodies that aid in diagnosis of cutaneous conditions List of keratins expressed in the human integumentary system List of radiographic findings associated with cutaneous conditions List of specialized glands within the human integumentary system List of target antigens in pemphigoid List of target antigens in pemphigus References Cutaneous conditions Medical lists", "title": "List of xanthoma variants associated with hyperlipoproteinemia subtypes" }, { "docid": "36905374", "text": "A number of histologic stains are used in the field of dermatology that aid in the diagnosis of conditions of or affecting the human integumentary system. Footnotes See also List of conditions associated with café au lait macules List of contact allergens List of cutaneous conditions associated with increased risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer List of cutaneous conditions associated with internal malignancy List of cutaneous conditions caused by mutations in keratins List of cutaneous neoplasms associated with systemic syndromes List of cutaneous conditions caused by problems with junctional proteins List of dental abnormalities associated with cutaneous conditions List of genes mutated in cutaneous conditions List of genes mutated in pigmented cutaneous lesions List of human leukocyte antigen alleles associated with cutaneous conditions List of immunofluorescence findings for autoimmune bullous conditions List of inclusion bodies that aid in diagnosis of cutaneous conditions List of keratins expressed in the human integumentary system List of radiographic findings associated with cutaneous conditions List of specialized glands within the human integumentary system List of target antigens in pemphigoid List of target antigens in pemphigus List of verrucous carcinoma subtypes References Cutaneous conditions Staining Dermatology-related lists", "title": "List of histologic stains that aid in diagnosis of cutaneous conditions" }, { "docid": "3750743", "text": "This is a shortened version of the sixteenth chapter of the ICD-9: Symptoms, Signs and Ill-defined Conditions. It covers ICD codes 780 to 799. The full chapter can be found on pages 455 to 471 of Volume 1, which contains all (sub)categories of the ICD-9. Volume 2 is an alphabetical index of Volume 1. Both volumes can be downloaded for free from the website of the World Health Organization. Symptoms (780–789) General symptoms Alteration of consciousness Coma Transient alteration of awareness Persistent vegetative state Semicoma, stupor Hallucinations Syncope Convulsions Febrile convulsions Complex febrile convulsions Other convulsions Dizziness/vertigo, NOS Sleep disturbance, unspec. Unspecified sleep disturbance Insomnia with sleep apnea, unspecified Insomnia, unspecified Hypersomnia with sleep apnea, unspecified Hypersomnia, unspecified Disruptions of 24-hour sleep-wake cycle, unspecified Dysfunctions associated with sleep stages or arousal from sleep Unspecified sleep apnea Sleep related movement disorder, unspecified Other sleep disturbances Fever, nonperinatal Malaise and fatigue Chronic fatigue syndrome Functional quadriplegia Other malaise and fatigue Sweating, excessive Other general symptoms Fussy infant Crying, infant, excessive Memory loss Early satiety Other excessive crying Generalized pain Altered mental status Other general symptoms Symptoms involving nervous and musculoskeletal systems Abnormal involuntary movements Disturbances, smell and taste Gait abnormality Lack of coordination Dysdiadochokinesia Ataxia NOS Hypotonia Clubbing of fingers Neurologic neglect syndrome Other symptoms involving nervous and musculoskeletal systems Loss of height Abnormal posture Facial weakness Symptoms involving skin and other integumentary tissue Sensory disturbance skin Rash, nonvesicular, unspec. Localized swelling/mass, superficial Edema, localized, NOS Jaundice Cyanosis Petechiae Change in skin texture Other symptoms involving skin Symptoms concerning nutrition, metabolism and development Anorexia Loss of appetite Abnormal weight gain Abnormal loss of weight Feeding difficulties and mismanagement Lack of expected normal physiological development Polydipsia Polyphagia Other Symptoms involving head and neck Headache Throat pain Swelling mass or lump in head and neck Aphasia Voice disturbance Aphonia Hoarseness Dysarthria Other symbolic dysfunction Symbolic dysfunction, unspecified Alexia and dyslexia Epistaxis Hemorrhage from throat Other symptoms involving head and neck Postnasal drip Symptoms involving cardiovascular system Tachycardia Palpitations Murmur of heart, undiagnosed Other abnormal heart sounds Gangrene Shock, unspec. Shock unspecified Cardiogenic shock Septic shock Enlarged lymph nodes Bruit Symptoms involving respiratory system and other chest symptoms Dyspnea and respiratory abnormalities Apnea Cheyne-Stokes respiration Shortness of breath Tachypnea Wheezing Other respiratory abnormalities Bradypnea Stridor Cough Hemoptysis Abnormal sputum Chest pain, unspec. Precordial pain Pleuritic pain swelling, mass, or lump in chest Abnormal chest sounds Rales Hiccoughs Symptoms involving digestive system Nausea and vomiting Nausea w/vomiting Nausea, alone Vomiting, alone Heartburn Dysphagia Gas/bloating Visible peristalsis Abnormal bowel sounds Encopresis, NOS, fecal incontinence Other symptoms involving digestive system Diarrhea, NOS Symptoms involving urinary system Renal colic Dysuria Retention of urine Urinary incontinence Urinary incontinence unspecified Urge incontinence Stress incontinence Mixed incontinence Incontinence without sensory awareness Post-void dribbling Nocturnal enuresis Continuous leakage Overflow incontinence Other urinary incontinence Frequency of urination and polyuria Urinary frequency Polyuria Nocturia Oliguria and anuria Other abnormality of urination Urgency of urination Other symptoms involving abdomen and pelvis Abdominal pain Hepatomegaly Splenomegaly Abdominal/pelvic", "title": "List of ICD-9 codes 780–799: symptoms, signs, and ill-defined conditions" }, { "docid": "8230832", "text": "Streptococcus mitis is a mesophilic alpha-hemolytic species of Streptococcus that inhabits the oral cavity. It is coccus (spherical shaped), gram-positive, catalase negative, and facultative anaerobe. It was previously classified as Streptococcus mitior. Streptococcus mitis is known to cause several medical conditions one of them being infective endocarditis. Classification Members of the Streptococcus genera belong to lactic acid bacteria defined by the formation of lactic acid as an end-product of carbohydrate metabolism. The family Streptococcaceae is characterized by based upon its 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis within the low (< 50 mol%) G+C branch. There are over 50 species in the genus which are classified by their 16S rRNA sequences. Habitat Streptococcus mitis primarily resides in the oral cavity which includes the mouth, nasopharynx, and throat. However, there have also been cases of it in the female genital tract, the gastrointestinal tract, and even in the integumentary system. Natural genetic transformation S. mitis is competent for natural genetic transformation. Thus S. mitis cells are able to take up exogenous DNA and incorporate exogenous sequence information into their genome by homologous recombination. These bacteria can employ a predatory fratricidal mechanism for active acquisition of homologous DNA. Moon Surveyor 3 probe Approach It has been reported that Streptococcus mitis identified and survived for over two years on the Surveyor 3 probe on the Moon. However, many NASA scientists speculate that this is most probably due to contamination upon return to Earth. The Apollo 12 crew received pieces of Surveyor in 1969, one of these was the TV camera. The probe was then analyzed to consider how the lunar environment affected the material. Surveyor 3 had not been sterilized before its launch because scientists wanted to see if organisms could survive the two and half years on the Moon, so looking for surviving organic material was a part of this analysis. Results Upon inspection, a group found an amount of S. mitis inside a piece of foam located inside the camera. Culture plates were made and the identity was later confirmed as Streptococcus mitis at the US Communicable Disease Center at Atlanta, Georgia. At first, it was speculated that S. mitis had been picked up from the Moon but research later discovered that the residence of the bacteria on the probe had started after the probe returned. Characteristics of Streptococcus mitis References External links S. mitis subdural empyema from MedPix Type strain of Streptococcus mitis at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase Streptococcaceae Gram-positive bacteria", "title": "Streptococcus mitis" }, { "docid": "50870", "text": "In biology, an integument is the tissue surrounding an organism's body or an organ within, such as skin, a husk, shell, germ or rind. Etymology The term is derived from integumentum, which is Latin for \"a covering\". In a transferred, or figurative sense, it could mean a cloak or a disguise. In English, \"integument\" is a fairly modern word, its origin having been traced back to the early seventeenth century; and refers to a material or layer with which anything is enclosed, clothed, or covered in the sense of \"clad\" or \"coated\", as with a skin or husk. Botanical usage In botany, the term \"integument\" may be used as it is in zoology, referring to the covering of an organ. When the context indicates nothing to the contrary, the word commonly refers to an envelope covering the nucellus of the ovule. The integument may consist of one layer (unitegmic) or two layers (bitegmic), each of which consisting of two or more layers of cells. The integument is perforated by a pore, the micropyle, through which the pollen tube can enter. It may develop into the testa, or seed coat. Zoological usage The integument of an organ in zoology typically would comprise membranes of connective tissue such as those around a kidney or liver. In referring to the integument of an animal, the usual sense is its skin and its derivatives: the integumentary system, where \"integumentary\" is a synonym of \"cutaneous\". In arthropods, the integument, or external \"skin\", consists of a single layer of epithelial ectoderm from which arises the cuticle, an outer covering of chitin, the rigidity of which varies as per its chemical composition. Derivative terms and sundry usages Derivative terms include various adjectival forms such as integumentary (e.g. system), integumental (e.g. integumental glands, \"peltate glands, the integument being raised like a bladder due to abundant secretion\") and integumented (as opposed to bare). Other illustrative examples of usage occur in the following articles: Connective tissue in skeletal muscle Dorsal artery of the penis (example of integument enclosing an internal organ) Flensing Flesh (generic use of plural \"integuments\") Herzog & de Meuron (figurative usage) Integumentary system (senses related to vertebrate skin and medical aspects) Integumental muscles Mosasaur Seed References Animal anatomy Skin Organs (anatomy) Plant anatomy", "title": "Integument" }, { "docid": "36905556", "text": "A number of gene mutations have been linked to conditions of or affecting the human integumentary system. See also List of radiographic findings associated with cutaneous conditions List of cutaneous conditions caused by mutations in keratins List of contact allergens List of histologic stains that aid in diagnosis of cutaneous conditions List of target antigens in pemphigus List of specialized glands within the human integumentary system List of cutaneous conditions associated with internal malignancy References Cutaneous conditions Dermatology-related lists Mutated Cutaneous conditions", "title": "List of genes mutated in cutaneous conditions" }, { "docid": "4144876", "text": "Longisquama is a genus of extinct reptile. There is only one species, Longisquama insignis, known from a poorly preserved skeleton and several incomplete fossil impressions from the Middle to Late Triassic Madygen Formation in Kyrgyzstan. It is known from the type fossil specimen, slab and counterslab (PIN 2548/4 and PIN 2584/5) and five referred specimens of possible integumentary appendages (PIN 2584/7 through 9). All specimens are in the collection of the Paleontological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow. Longisquama means \"long scales\"; the specific name insignis refers to its small size. The Longisquama holotype is notable for a number of long structures that appear to grow from its skin. The current opinion is that Longisquama is an ambiguous diapsid and has no bearing on the origin of birds. History Interpretation Researchers Haubold and Buffetaut believed that the structures were long, modified scales attached in pairs to the lateral walls of the body, like paired gliding membranes. They published a reconstruction of Longisquama with plumes in a pattern akin to gliding lizards like Draco species and Kuehneosaurus latus, allowing it to glide, or at least parachute. Though the reconstruction is now thought to have been inaccurate, versions of it are still often portrayed in modern paleoart. Other researchers place the scales differently. Unwin and Benton interpreted them as a single, unpaired row of modified scales that run along the dorsal midline. Jones et al. interpreted them as two paired rows of structures that are anatomically very much like feathers, and which are in positions like those of birds' spinal feather tracts. Feather-development expert Richard Prum (and also Reisz and Sues) see the structures as anatomically very different from feathers, and thinks they are elongate, ribbonlike scales. Still other observers (e.g. Fraser in 2006) believe that the structures are not part of Longisquama at all, that they are simply plant fronds that were preserved along with the reptile and were misinterpreted. Buchwitz & Voigt (2012) argue that the structures of Longisquama are not plant remains, because all of the structures except for the last in the holotype PIN 2584/4 are arranged regularly, and that they are not preserved as carbon films, the usual mode of preservation for plants in the Madygen Formation. The only plant from Madygen with similarities to the Longisquama structures is Mesenteriophyllum kotschnevii, but its leaves do not have the distinct hockey-stick shape of the structures attributed to Longisquama. Description Integumentary structures Longisquama is characterized by distinctive integumentary structures along its back. The holotype (specimen PIN 2584/4) is the only known fossil preserving these appendages projecting from the back of an associated skeleton. It has seven appendages radiating in a fan-like pattern, but the tips are not preserved. PIN 2584/9 preserves five complete appendages spaced close together. PIN 2584/6 preserves two long, curved appendage running side by side. Other specimens, such as PIN 2585/7 and FG 596/V/1, preserve only one appendage. These structures are long and narrow throughout most of their lengths, and angle backward near", "title": "Longisquama" }, { "docid": "36962623", "text": "Many cutaneous neoplasms occur in the setting of systemic syndromes. See also List of cutaneous conditions List of contact allergens List of cutaneous conditions associated with increased risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer List of cutaneous conditions associated with internal malignancy List of cutaneous conditions caused by mutations in keratins List of cutaneous conditions caused by problems with junctional proteins List of dental abnormalities associated with cutaneous conditions List of genes mutated in cutaneous conditions List of genes mutated in pigmented cutaneous lesions List of histologic stains that aid in diagnosis of cutaneous conditions List of immunofluorescence findings for autoimmune bullous conditions List of inclusion bodies that aid in diagnosis of cutaneous conditions List of keratins expressed in the human integumentary system List of radiographic findings associated with cutaneous conditions List of specialized glands within the human integumentary system List of target antigens in pemphigoid List of target antigens in pemphigus List of verrucous carcinoma subtypes References J Am Acad Dermatol. 1983 May;8(5):639-44. Pilomatricoma-like changes in the epidermal cysts of Gardner's syndrome. Cooper PH, Fechner RE. Cutaneous conditions Medical lists", "title": "List of cutaneous neoplasms associated with systemic syndromes" }, { "docid": "419100", "text": "An organ system is a biological system consisting of a group of organs that work together to perform one or more functions. Each organ has a specialized role in a plant or animal body, and is made up of distinct tissues. Animals Other animals have similar organ systems to humans although simpler animals may have fewer organs in an organ system or even fewer organ systems. Humans There are 11 distinct organ systems in human beings, which form the basis of human anatomy and physiology. The 11 organ systems: the respiratory system, digestive and excretory system, circulatory system, urinary system, integumentary system, skeletal system, muscular system, endocrine system, lymphatic system, nervous system, and reproductive system. There are other systems in the body that are not organ systems—for example, the immune system protects the organism from infection, but it is not an organ system since it is not composed of organs. Some organs are in more than one system—for example, the nose is in the respiratory system and also serves as a sensory organ in the nervous system; the testes and ovaries are both part of the reproductive and endocrine systems. Plants Plants have two major organs systems. Vascular plants have two distinct organ systems: a shoot system, and a root system. The shoot system consists stems, leaves, and the reproductive parts of the plant (flowers and fruits). The shoot system generally grows above ground, where it absorbs the light needed for photosynthesis. The root system, which supports the plants and absorbs water and minerals, is usually underground. See also List of systems of the human body References Organ systems", "title": "Organ system" }, { "docid": "36961622", "text": "There are several conditions of or affecting the human integumentary system that are associated with an increased risk of developing nonmelanoma skin cancer (i.e. squamous-cell carcinoma and basal-cell carcinoma). See also List of cutaneous conditions List of contact allergens List of cutaneous conditions associated with internal malignancy List of cutaneous conditions caused by mutations in keratins List of cutaneous conditions caused by problems with junctional proteins List of genes mutated in cutaneous conditions List of histologic stains that aid in diagnosis of cutaneous conditions List of immunofluorescence findings for autoimmune bullous conditions List of inclusion bodies that aid in diagnosis of cutaneous conditions List of keratins expressed in the human integumentary system List of specialized glands within the human integumentary system List of target antigens in pemphigoid List of target antigens in pemphigus Notes References Citations Sources Nonmelanoma skin cancer Dermatology-related lists", "title": "List of cutaneous conditions associated with increased risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer" }, { "docid": "11887660", "text": "Moll's gland, also known as the gland of Moll or ciliary gland, is a modified apocrine sweat gland that is found on the margin of the eyelid. They are next to the base of the eyelashes, and anterior to the meibomian glands within the distal eyelid margin. These glands are relatively large and tubular-shaped. The glands of Moll are named after Dutch oculist Jacob Anton Moll (1832–1914). Glands of Moll empty into the adjacent lashes. Glands of Moll and Zeis secrete sebum that keeps lashes supple. The glands of Moll are prone to infection and blockage of its duct with sebum and cell debris. Blockage of the gland's duct causes swelling which can manifest itself as a stye. See also Meibomian gland List of specialized glands within the human integumentary system List of distinct cell types in the adult human body References American Family Physician, Eyelid Disorders: Diagnosis and Management Anatomy of the Human Eyelid Human eye anatomy Glands Anatomy named for one who described it", "title": "Moll's gland" }, { "docid": "40650", "text": "In zoology, a scale (; ) is a small rigid plate that grows out of an animal's skin to provide protection. In lepidopterans (butterflies and moths), scales are plates on the surface of the insect wing, and provide coloration. Scales are quite common and have evolved multiple times through convergent evolution, with varying structure and function. Scales are generally classified as part of an organism's integumentary system. There are various types of scales according to shape and to class of animal. Fish scales Fish scales are dermally derived, specifically in the mesoderm. This fact distinguishes them from reptile scales paleontologically. Genetically, the same genes involved in tooth and hair development in mammals are also involved in scale development. Cosmoid scales True cosmoid scales can only be found on the Sarcopterygians. The inner layer of the scale is made of lamellar bone. On top of this lies a layer of spongy or vascular bone and then a layer of dentine-like material called cosmine. The upper surface is keratin. The coelacanth has modified cosmoid scales that lack cosmine and are thinner than true cosmoid scales. Ganoid scales Ganoid scales can be found on gars (family Lepisosteidae), bichirs, and reedfishes (family Polypteridae). Ganoid scales are similar to cosmoid scales, but a layer of ganoin lies over the cosmine layer and under the enamel. Ganoin scales are diamond shaped, shiny, and hard. Within the ganoin are guanine compounds, iridescent derivatives of guanine found in a DNA molecule. The iridescent property of these chemicals provide the ganoin its shine. Placoid scales Placoid scales are found on cartilaginous fish including sharks and stingrays. These scales, also called denticles, are similar in structure to teeth, and have one median spine and two lateral spines. The modern jawed fish ancestors, the jawless ostracoderms and later jawed placoderms, may have had scales with the properties of both placoid and ganoid scales. Leptoid scales Leptoid scales are found on higher-order bony fish. As they grow they add concentric layers. They are arranged so as to overlap in a head-to-tail direction, like roof tiles, allowing a smoother flow of water over the body and therefore reducing drag. They come in two forms: Cycloid scales have a smooth outer edge, and are most common on fish with soft fin rays, such as salmon and carp. Ctenoid scales have a toothed outer edge, and are usually found on fish with spiny fin rays, such as bass and crappie. Reptilian scales Reptile scale types include: cycloid, granular (which appear bumpy), and keeled (which have a center ridge). Scales usually vary in size, the stouter, larger scales cover parts that are often exposed to physical stress (usually the feet, tail and head), while scales are small around the joints for flexibility. Most snakes have extra broad scales on the belly, each scale covering the belly from side to side. The scales of all reptiles have an epidermal component (what one sees on the surface), but many reptiles, such as crocodilians and turtles, have osteoderms underlying", "title": "Scale (zoology)" }, { "docid": "11877595", "text": "Glands of Zeis are unilobar sebaceous glands located on the margin of the eyelid. The glands of Zeis service the eyelash. These glands produce an oily substance that is issued through the excretory ducts of the sebaceous lobule into the middle portion of the hair follicle. In the same area of the eyelid, near the base of the eyelashes are apocrine glands called the \"glands of Moll\". If eyelashes are not kept clean, conditions such as folliculitis may take place, and if the sebaceous gland becomes infected, it can lead to abscesses and styes. The glands of Zeis are named after German ophthalmologist Eduard Zeis (1807–68). See also Meibomian gland Moll's gland List of specialized glands within the human integumentary system References Skin anatomy Ophthalmology Human eyelashes", "title": "Gland of Zeis" }, { "docid": "42030981", "text": "This article contains a list of glands of the human body List of endocrine and exocrine glands Skin There are several specialized glands within the human integumentary system that are derived from apocrine or sebaceous gland precursors. There are no specialized variants of eccrine glands. Endocrine glands See List of human endocrine organs and actions References Michael H. Ross & Wojciech Pawlina, Histology: A Text and Atlas Glands", "title": "List of glands of the human body" } ]	[ "The skin" ]
train_45933	what is penny 's last name in big bang theory	[ { "docid": "21971061", "text": "Penelope \"Penny\" Hofstadter is a fictional character from the American CBS sitcom The Big Bang Theory, portrayed by actress Kaley Cuoco. She is the primary female character in the series, befriending her neighbors Leonard Hofstadter (Johnny Galecki) and Sheldon Cooper (Jim Parsons), two physicists employed at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). Penny's lack of education sets her apart from the group, and her outgoing personality and social aptitude drastically contrast with the personalities of the primary male characters in the series. She is the primary love interest of Leonard, who briefly dates her during the third season. This relationship is later resumed in the fifth season and culminates in their engagement at the end of the seventh season and their wedding at the start of season nine. Penny mentioned to Sheldon that she was aware that Leonard had \"a tiny crush\" on her after he first asked her out. Development In the original, unaired pilot of The Big Bang Theory, the conception of the female lead was very different. She was called Katie, and was envisioned as \"a street-hardened, tough-as-nails woman with a vulnerable interior\". Sheldon and Leonard would \"approach her with honesty, to draw the real, sensitive Katie out\". The role was played by Amanda Walsh. However, the test audiences reacted to the character negatively, seeing her as too mean. Because of this, the character was changed, and the role was recast. Marisa Tomei, Tara Reid, Elizabeth Berkley, and Jodi Lyn O'Keefe were all also considered for the role. In the show's early seasons, Penny was portrayed as a young woman who was out of Leonard's intellectual league. But the character developed into a more complex individual with high emotional intelligence, social skills, and work ethic. Characterization Personality Penny is originally from a small town outside of Omaha, Nebraska. She has full confidence in pseudoscientific concepts such as horoscopes, psychics, and Voodoo, which has led to repeated mocking from both Sheldon and Leonard along with criticisms of their accuracy. In contrast to the rest of the group, Penny is neither well-educated nor savvy in a specific field and is generally somewhat dim-witted, but she has great social skills and is more streetwise than her neighbors. She is knowledgeable about popular culture. She is messy, disorganized, and highly irresponsible (both personally and financially). Having dropped out of community college prior to the start of the series, she is the only regular character with less education than Howard Wolowitz, who has a master's degree. In season six, she returns to college, taking a history class and hiding it from the rest of the group. She initially performs terribly in her college classes. It is revealed in later seasons that Penny has continued her education, taking both an acting and a psychology class. When expressing feelings of anger or frustration, other characters have compared her to The Hulk, a \"rabid wolverine\", and \"killer robots\". Penny's poor driving ability and failure to maintain her vehicle are acknowledged throughout the series. She is", "title": "Penny (The Big Bang Theory)" }, { "docid": "918044", "text": "Hofstadter is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: Albert Hofstadter (1910–1989), American philosopher Douglas Hofstadter (born 1945), American professor, author of Gödel, Escher, Bach Richard Hofstadter (1916–1970), American historian Robert Hofstadter (1915–1990), American Nobel Prize-winner in physics Samuel H. Hofstadter (1894–1970), New York politician and judge Fictional characters: Beverly Hofstadter, a character in the television series The Big Bang Theory, mother of Leonard Leonard Hofstadter, a character in the television series The Big Bang Theory Penny Hofstadter, a character in the television series The Big Bang Theory, wife of Leonard See also Hofstadter's butterfly, a fractal Hofstadter Committee, a joint legislative investigating committee in New York 1931–1932 Hofstadter's law, \"It always takes longer than you expect ...\" Hofstadter-Moebius loop, a condition that affected HAL 9000, a fictional computer Hofstadter points, in triangle geometry Hofstadter sequence, an integer sequence Surnames of Jewish origin", "title": "Hofstadter" }, { "docid": "422107", "text": "Sara Gilbert (born Sara Rebecca Abeles; January 29, 1975) is an American actress best known for her role as Darlene Conner on the ABC sitcom Roseanne (1988–1997; 2018), for which she received two Primetime Emmy Award nominations, and its spin-off, The Conners (2018–present). She is also creator and former co-host of the CBS daytime talk show The Talk and had a recurring role as Leslie Winkle on CBS's The Big Bang Theory. Early life and education Gilbert was born Sara Rebecca Abeles in Santa Monica, California, the daughter of Barbara Cowan (née Crane) and Harold Abeles. Both her parents are Jewish. Her maternal grandfather was The Honeymooners creator Harry Crane. Gilbert has two older half-siblings and two older adopted siblings. Her adopted siblings on her mother's side, Melissa Gilbert and Jonathan Gilbert, were stars of Little House on the Prairie. In 1984, Sara took the last name Gilbert from Paul Gilbert, her mother's first husband. Gilbert also has two siblings on her father's side, sister Patrice and brother Joseph. Gilbert graduated from Yale University in 1997, with honors, majoring in art with an emphasis on photography. Career Television Following appearances in television movies and a commercial for Kool-Aid, at 13 she landed the role of Darlene Conner, the sarcastic middle child, in Roseanne. Gilbert was a cast member in the show's nine-year run (1988–97), for which she wrote a fourth-season episode story (the teleplay was written by the Guild Writers for the show) called \"Don't Make Me Over.\" Her contribution was considered so important to Roseanne that the show's producers juggled storylines and taping schedules to allow her to study at Yale University while remaining in the cast, shooting remote segments of Darlene at a soundstage in New York. Gilbert has appeared on The Simpsons, 24, Will & Grace, Law & Order: Special Victims Unit and Private Practice. Starting in 2004, she had a recurring role as smart and sarcastic medical student Jane Figler on the long-running hospital drama ER; her appearances spanned seasons 11–13. Gilbert regained a regular spot on prime time television in the fall of 2005 in the sitcom Twins on The WB network. The show was canceled after one season, when the WB and UPN networks merged as The CW and dropped a number of series. She also had a recurring role on the short-lived CBS sitcom The Class as Fern Velch. From 2007 to 2010, Gilbert appeared in episodes of the CBS TV series The Big Bang Theory as Leslie Winkle, a scientist friend of Leonard Hofstadter played by Johnny Galecki, who had previously played Gilbert's love interest David Healy on Roseanne. In the second episode of the second season of The Big Bang Theory, Gilbert was elevated to the show's main cast, portraying again a potential love interest of Galecki's character, and at one point a love interest to Howard Wolowitz (Simon Helberg). By January 2009, it was announced that the writers did not know how to write for her character full-time, and her", "title": "Sara Gilbert" } ]	[ { "docid": "41643575", "text": "This list contains the names of albums that contain a hidden track and also information on how to find them. Not all printings of an album contain the same track arrangements, so some copies of a particular album may not have the hidden track(s) listed below. Some of these tracks may be hidden in the pregap, and some hidden simply as a track following the listed tracks. The list is ordered by artist name using the surname where appropriate. Katy B, On a Mission: \"Water\" after a five-minute silence on the track \"Hard to Get.\" B2K, Pandemonium!: After \"Dog\" by Jhene, a fan favorite \" What U Get\" follows on some versions of the CD. The Backstreet Boys, For The Fans CD 3 contains Krystal Harris' \"My Religion\" after \"All I Have To Give [A Capella].\" Bad Astronaut, Acrophobe: after the track \"Unlucky Stuntman\" several telephone calls Bad Religion: Age of Unreason: Some versions of the album have the song \"The kids are alt-right\" hidden on track 14 after \"What tomorrow brings\". But this is not the last track of the album, track 15 contains \"The profane rights of man\" but this one is mentioned as a bonus on the back cover. The Balls Project, A Momentary Lapse of Balls: After “On the Turning Away from My Balls”, on the same track there is an unlisted edit of the theme song to the television show The Big Bang Theory. The track is mentioned in the album’s credits, but not on the tracklist. A \"full version\" of the track is included on the album A Foot in My Balls 2. Bamboo, We Stand Alone Together: after \"Tatsulok,\" short silence, then a short instrumental, then a cover of Sting's \"Englishman in New York.\" Barenaked Ladies: Gordon: After \"Crazy,\" a number of studio outtakes and ad-libs occur. This track is sometimes called \"Dat Fodder.\" Rock Spectacle: \"Sweetest Woman\" and \"Uncle Elwyn,\" two famous Barenaked Ladies 'ad-libs', follow on from \"If I Had $1,000,000\" after a minute's silence Stunt: \"She's on Time\" and \"Long Way Back Home\" is a bonus track following \"When You Dream\" on some versions of the CD. Maroon: \"Hidden Sun\" follows on after \"Tonight is the Night I Fell Asleep at the Wheel\" on some versions of the CD. Everything to Everyone: Acoustic versions of \"Another Postcard,\" \"Maybe Katie\" and \"Second Best\" appear on three bonus tracks on the Limited Edition. Basement Jaxx Atlantic Jaxx Recordings (1997): Unlisted an untitled intro track on track 1. Camberwell (2000): The sound of someone pretending to be Queen Elizabeth II, opening the sewage works in Camberwell, is hidden at the end of Side A. Crazy Itch Radio (2006): Hidden track \"Night Moves On\" follows track 14 \"U R on My Mind\" at 04:44 That same album also contains a hidden enhanced element featuring an MP3 file for \"Oh My God\" Basshunter, Bass Generation: Hidden track \"Numbers\" follows on from \"Every Morning (Michael Mind Edit)\" after five minutes of silence. Billy Bauer: Plectrist: Two", "title": "List of albums containing a hidden track: B" }, { "docid": "208656", "text": "A non-standard cosmology is any physical cosmological model of the universe that was, or still is, proposed as an alternative to the then-current standard model of cosmology. The term non-standard is applied to any theory that does not conform to the scientific consensus. Because the term depends on the prevailing consensus, the meaning of the term changes over time. For example, hot dark matter would not have been considered non-standard in 1990, but would have been in 2010. Conversely, a non-zero cosmological constant resulting in an accelerating universe would have been considered non-standard in 1990, but is part of the standard cosmology in 2010. Several major cosmological disputes have occurred throughout the history of cosmology. One of the earliest was the Copernican Revolution, which established the heliocentric model of the Solar System. More recent was the Great Debate of 1920, in the aftermath of which the Milky Way's status as but one of the Universe's many galaxies was established. From the 1940s to the 1960s, the astrophysical community was equally divided between supporters of the Big Bang theory and supporters of a rival steady state universe; this is currently decided in favour of the Big Bang theory by advances in observational cosmology in the late 1960s. Nevertheless, there remained vocal detractors of the Big Bang theory including Fred Hoyle, Jayant Narlikar, Halton Arp, and Hannes Alfvén, whose cosmologies were relegated to the fringes of astronomical research. The few Big Bang opponents still active today often ignore well-established evidence from newer research, and as a consequence, today non-standard cosmologies that reject the Big Bang entirely are rarely published in peer-reviewed science journals but appear online in marginal journals and private websites. The current standard model of cosmology is the Lambda-CDM model, wherein the Universe is governed by general relativity, began with a Big Bang and today is a nearly-flat universe that consists of approximately 5% baryons, 27% cold dark matter, and 68% dark energy. Lambda-CDM has been a successful model, but recent observational evidence seem to indicate significant tensions in Lambda-CDM, such as the Hubble tension, the KBC void, the dwarf galaxy problem, ultra-large structures, et cetera. Research on extensions or modifications to Lambda-CDM, as well as fundamentally different models, is ongoing. Topics investigated include quintessence, Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) and its relativistic generalization TeVeS, and warm dark matter. History Modern physical cosmology as it is currently studied first emerged as a scientific discipline in the period after the Shapley–Curtis debate and discoveries by Edwin Hubble of a cosmic distance ladder when astronomers and physicists had to come to terms with a universe that was of a much larger scale than the previously assumed galactic size. Theorists who successfully developed cosmologies applicable to the larger-scale universe are remembered today as the founders of modern cosmology. Among these scientists are Arthur Milne, Willem de Sitter, Alexander Friedman, Georges Lemaître, and Albert Einstein himself. After confirmation of the Hubble's law by observation, the two most popular cosmological theories became the Steady State theory", "title": "Non-standard cosmology" }, { "docid": "16331524", "text": "TV6 Estonia is an entertainment television channel broadcasting to Estonia featuring series, music, fashion and sports. The channel's programming has been primarily geared towards men, and features a selection of cartoons, TV series and movies from comedy, reality, action-adventure, science fiction, fantasy, and horror genres. Local programming typically features one local soap opera, one local reality television show, and a bevy of local sports shows and live sports transmissions. Television shows broadcast on the channel are mostly U.S.-based, and current fare includes The Simpsons, Family Guy, Fresh Off the Boat, The Big Bang Theory, Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D., New Girl, and Last Man on Earth. History and availability It was launched on 24 March 2008, as all of the current channels (the big three – ETV, Kanal 2, TV3) were obliged to have digital sister channels at or by the end of March 2008. On 9 January 2010, although TV6 Estonia did leave the free-to-air MUX1, it continues programming in terrestrial subscription-based MUX2, and is also available on cable and IPTV. Estonia turned analogue television transmissions off on 1 July 2010. TV6, as with other channels of the All Media Baltics group in the Baltic states, switched to HD broadcasting on 26 July 2018. Selection of currently airing programming As of January 2017: The A-Team () Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. () Alarm für Cobra 11 – Die Autobahnpolizei () America's Funniest Home Videos () Ax Men () Beauty & the Beast (2012 TV series) () The Big Bang Theory () Blue Bloods () Bob's Burgers () Bones () Brickleberry Container Wars () (Life in the Centre of the City, an Estonian soap opera) Extreme Makeover: Home Edition () Family Guy () Fresh Off the Boat () Hawaii 5-0 Homeland () Last Man on Earth () New Girl () NCIS () (Paradise Hotel, Russian version, reality TV) Power Hit Radio KICKSTART (night chat show) Royal Pains () Salem () The Simpsons () South Park Stargate SG-1 () Strongman Champions League () Top Gear (2002 TV series) The X-Files () Vikings (2013 TV series) () Previous programming 13: Fear is Real () Access Hollywood () American Idol () The Cleaner (TV series) () Californication (TV series) Criss Angel Mindfreak () The Dead Zone (TV series) () Eureka (TV series) Futurama Harper's Island () Highlander: The Raven () (Morningstudio) How I Met Your Mother () In Plain Sight () Journeyman (TV series) () King of Kings (Movieminutes) (Home in the Center of the City) Life on Mars (U.S. TV series) () Mad About You () Maximum Exposure () Mental (TV series) () My Name Is Earl () (Womensworld) Nash Bridges The Office (U.S. TV series) () The Pretender (TV series) () Prison Break () Queer Eye () The Return of Jezebel James () Scare Tactics () The Sentinel (TV series) () Sex and the City () Stargate Atlantis () The Strip (Australian TV series) () Swingtown The Unit () Whacked Out Sports () Wipeout (2008 U.S. game show) () Source References External links Television channels", "title": "TV6 (Estonian TV channel)" }, { "docid": "1909881", "text": "Redshift quantization, also referred to as redshift periodicity, redshift discretization, preferred redshifts and redshift-magnitude bands, is the hypothesis that the redshifts of cosmologically distant objects (in particular galaxies and quasars) tend to cluster around multiples of some particular value. In standard inflationary cosmological models, the redshift of cosmological bodies is ascribed to the expansion of the universe, with greater redshift indicating greater cosmic distance from the Earth (see Hubble's Law). This is referred to as cosmological redshift and is one of the main pieces of evidence for the Big Bang. Quantized redshifts of objects would indicate, under Hubble's Law, that astronomical objects are arranged in a quantized pattern around the Earth. It is more widely posited that the redshift is unrelated to cosmic expansion and is the outcome of some other physical mechanism, referred to as \"intrinsic redshift\" or \"non-cosmological redshift\". In 1973, astronomer William G. Tifft was the first to report evidence of this pattern. Subsequent discourse focused upon whether redshift surveys of quasars (QSOs) have produced evidence of quantization in excess of what is expected due to selection effect or galactic clustering. The idea has been on the fringes of astronomy since the mid-1990s and is now discounted by the vast majority of astronomers, but a few scientists who espouse nonstandard cosmological models, including those who reject the Big Bang theory, have referred to evidence of redshift quantization as reason to reject conventional accounts of the origin and evolution of the universe. Original investigation by William G. Tifft György Paál (for QSOs, 1971) and William G. Tifft (for galaxies) were the first to investigate possible redshift quantization, referring to it as \"redshift-magnitude banding correlation\". In 1973, he wrote: \"Using more than 200 redshifts in Coma, Perseus, and A2199, the presence of a distinct band-related periodicity in redshifts is indicated. Finally, a new sample of accurate redshifts of bright Coma galaxies on a single band is presented, which shows a strong redshift periodicity of 220 km s−1. An upper limit of 20 km s−1 is placed on the internal Doppler redshift component of motion in the Coma cluster\". Tifft suggested that this observation conflicted with standard cosmological scenarios. He states in summary: \"Throughout the development of the program it has seemed increasingly clear that the redshift has properties inconsistent with a simple velocity and/or cosmic scale change interpretation. Various implications have been pointed out from time to time, but basically the work is observationally driven.\" Early research - focused on galaxies rather than quasars In 1971 from redshift quantization G. Paál came up with the idea that the Universe might have nontrivial topological structure. Studies performed in the 1980s and early 1990s produced confirmatory results: In 1989, Martin R. Croasdale reported finding a quantization of redshifts using a different sample of galaxies in increments of 72 km/s or Δz = (where Δz denotes shift in frequency expressed as a proportion of initial frequency). In 1990, Bruce Guthrie and William Napier reported finding a \"possible periodicity\" of the same magnitude", "title": "Redshift quantization" }, { "docid": "17213633", "text": "Paul S. Wesson, B.Sc., Ph.D., D.Sc., F.R.A.S (September 11, 1949 – September 16, 2015) was a professor of astrophysics and theoretical physics. Education and career He studied at the University of London and University of Cambridge, then spent most of his career at the University of Waterloo. He also spent sabbatical leaves at the University of California, Berkeley, and Stanford University. In his later years, he worked with the Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics. He supervised numerous graduate students and postdoctoral fellows and served as Science Director of the California Institute for Physics and Astronomy. Interests and research His scientific interests were broad, ranging from a seismic survey of Afghanistan to guest lectures and media interviews on the Big Bang in America. He published over 300 works, including nine textbooks and three science-fiction novels. Most of his articles appeared in the standard journals for astronomy and theoretical physics, but he also wrote pieces for New Scientist and other magazines of popular science. In later years, he characterized his research as concentrating on two subjects: (1) The intensity of background light between galaxies depends on their luminosity and age, versus the redshift effect and the expansion of the universe. It was possible to use observations and a mathematical model to determine various astrophysical quantities, including the age of the universe and the nature of dark matter and dark energy. This approach also resolves the notorious problem of why the night sky is so dark, or Olbers' paradox. (2) The general theory of relativity due to Einstein can be extended from four to five dimensions, where the extra dimension measures mass. This kind of 5D theory, a modified Kaluza–Klein theory, avoids problems of older versions and has gained a considerable following as a means of accounting for matter. A major discovery is that while the universe may have a big-bang singularity in 4D, it is smooth in 5D. In addition to the above-outlined subjects, Wesson was interested in geophysics, bioastronomy, and the philosophy of science. Science books Principles of Space-Time-Matter: Cosmology, Particles and Waves in Five Dimensions (coauthor James Overduin), 2018, World Scientific, Singapore, 276 pp. [A posthumous summing up of Paul Wesson's work on higher-dimensional unified theory, prepared by Overduin based largely on notes and calculations left behind by Wesson at the time of his death.] Weaving the Universe (Is Modern Cosmology Discovered or Invented?), 2011, World Scientific, Singapore, 222 pp. [An account of the overlap between modern physics and philosophy, emphasizing the role of ideas.] The Light/Dark Universe (Light from Galaxies, Dark Matter and Dark Energy) (coauthor James Overduin), 2008, World Scientific, Singapore, 225 pp. [A research-level book which uses intergalactic radiation to constrain and identify dark components of the universe.] Five-Dimensional Physics, 2006, World Scientific, Singapore, 222 pp. [A research-level book on classical and quantum consequences of Kaluza-Klein cosmology.] Brave New Universe (coauthor Paul Halpern), 2006, Joseph Henry Press, Washington, 264 pp. [A semi-popular book on problems in modern cosmology and how they may be solved.] Dark Sky, Dark Matter", "title": "Paul S. Wesson" }, { "docid": "48870368", "text": "\"Pennies from Heaven\" is a song by American electronic music group Inner City, released in 1992 as the third single from their fourth album, Praise (1992). Despite the title, it is not a cover of the 1936 song of the same name. It became the duo's fifth and final number-one single on the US Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart, reaching the top of the chart in August 1992 for two weeks. In the UK, it peaked at number 24 on the UK Singles Chart, while reaching number two on the UK Dance Singles Chart. British magazine Mixmag ranked it number 62 in its \"100 Greatest Dance Singles Of All Time\" list in 1996. Critical reception Larry Flick from Billboard wrote, \"After teasing U.S. club DJs with several tasty imports over the past few months, Detroit duo finally unleashes this slammin' deep houser domestically. Paris Grey is in fine voice, rising above a textured arrangement that's lightly shaded with techno nuances. A major hit in the offing.\" A writer from Mixmag described it as a \"beautiful, joyous hymn to universal love and peace.\" Dele Fadele from New Musical Express found that \"Paris Grey's spirited vocal and the Utopian sentiment save \"Pennies from Heaven\" from the doldrums. You'll be saying your 'Hallelujahs' when a serious Gospel element creeps into the latter half of the 'Tunnel Mix Edit' while pop-haters search out the rare club mixes.\" Andy Beevers from Music Week named the song Pick of the Week in the category of Dance, complimenting its \"irresistible combination of banging beats and soulful vocals\". Music video The accompanying music video for the song featured people from all walks of life being invited by the duo for what will be a final meal, which at the end of the video resembled a portrait of The Last Supper. Impact and legacy British dance music record producer and DJ Mark Moore picked \"Pennies from Heaven\" as one of his favourites in 1995, saying, \"Inner City are one of my favourite bands. This record never fails to move me with Paris Gray's vocals, brilliant piano and the message. It's really uplifting and uniting.\" British magazine Mixmag ranked the song number 62 in its \"100 Greatest Dance Singles Of All Time\" list in 1996. Charts See also List of number-one dance singles of 1992 (U.S.) References External links Music video from YouTube 1992 songs 1992 singles Inner City (band) songs Virgin Records singles House music songs Songs written by Kevin Saunderson Songs written by Paris Grey", "title": "Pennies from Heaven (Inner City song)" }, { "docid": "639790", "text": "The discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation constitutes a major development in modern physical cosmology. In 1964, US physicist Arno Allan Penzias and radio-astronomer Robert Woodrow Wilson discovered the cosmic microwave background (CMB), estimating its temperature as 3.5 K, as they experimented with the Holmdel Horn Antenna. The new measurements were accepted as important evidence for a hot early Universe (big bang theory) and as evidence against the rival steady state theory as theoretical work around 1950 showed the need for a CMB for consistency with the simplest relativistic universe models. In 1978, Penzias and Wilson were awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics for their joint measurement. There had been a prior measurement of the cosmic background radiation (CMB) by Andrew McKellar in 1941 at an effective temperature of 2.3 K using CN stellar absorption lines observed by W. S. Adams. Although no reference to the CMB is made by McKellar, it was not until much later after the Penzias and Wilson measurements that the significance of this measurement was understood. History By the middle of the 20th century, cosmologists had developed two different theories to explain the creation of the universe. Some supported the steady-state theory, which states that the universe has always existed and will continue to survive without noticeable change. Others believed in the Big Bang theory, which states that the universe was created in a massive explosion-like event billions of years ago (later determined to be approximately 13.8 billion years). In 1941, Andrew McKellar used W. S. Adams' spectroscopic observations of CN absorption lines in the spectrum of a B type star to measure a blackbody background temperature of 2.3 K. McKellar referred to his detection as a \"'rotational' temperature of interstellar molecules\", without reference to a cosmological interpretation, stating that the temperature \"will have its own, perhaps limited, significance\". Over two decades later, working at a Bell Telephone Laboratories facility atop Crawford Hill in Holmdel, New Jersey, in 1964, Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson were experimenting with a supersensitive, 6 meter (20 ft) horn antenna originally built to detect radio waves bounced off Echo balloon satellites. To measure these faint radio waves, they had to eliminate all recognizable interference from their receiver. They removed the effects of radar and radio broadcasting, and suppressed interference from the heat in the receiver itself by cooling it with liquid helium to −269 °C, only 4 K above absolute zero. When Penzias and Wilson reduced their data, they found a low, steady, mysterious noise that persisted in their receiver. This residual noise was 100 times more intense than they had expected, was evenly spread over the sky, and was present day and night. They were certain that the radiation they detected on a wavelength of 7.35 centimeters did not come from the Earth, the Sun, or our galaxy. After thoroughly checking their equipment, removing some pigeons nesting in the antenna and cleaning out the accumulated droppings, the noise remained. Both concluded that this noise was coming from outside our", "title": "Discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation" }, { "docid": "3625515", "text": "This is a list of winners and nominees of the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series. The award is presented to the best performance by a lead actor in a television comedy series. Beginning with the 18th Primetime Emmy Awards, leading actors in comedy have competed alone. However, these comedic performances included actors from miniseries, telefilms, and guest performers competing against main cast competitors. Such instances are marked below: # – Indicates a performance in a Miniseries or Television film, prior to the category's creation § – Indicates a performance as a guest performer, prior to the category's creation The 74th Primetime Emmy Awards are the first Emmys where there is no representation from any of the big four broadcast networks. Winners and nominations 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s Programs with multiple awards 4 wins All in the Family Frasier The Big Bang Theory 3 wins 3rd Rock from the Sun Get Smart The Odd Couple Family Ties Monk 2 wins 30 Rock Barry The Defenders The Dick Van Dyke Show MASH Taxi Cheers Ted Lasso Transparent Performers with multiple wins 4 wins Michael J. Fox (3 consecutive) Kelsey Grammer (2 consecutive) Carroll O'Connor (3 consecutive) Jim Parsons (2 consecutive twice) 3 wins Don Adams (consecutive) John Lithgow (2 consecutive) Tony Shalhoub (2 consecutive) Dick Van Dyke (consecutive) 2 wins Alan Alda Alec Baldwin (consecutive) Ted Danson Bill Hader (consecutive) Judd Hirsch Jack Klugman Richard Mulligan Jason Sudeikis (consecutive) Jeffrey Tambor (consecutive) Programs with multiple nominations 11 nominations Cheers MASH 10 nominations Frasier The Odd Couple 8 nominations All in the Family Monk 7 nominations 30 Rock Barney Miller Black-ish The Big Bang Theory Roseanne 6 nominations 3rd Rock from the Sun Curb Your Enthusiasm Everybody Loves Raymond The Office Mad About You Shameless 5 nominations Benson The Larry Sanders Show Louie Seinfeld Taxi Two and a Half Men 4 nominations Barry The Bob Cummings Show The Danny Thomas Show The Dick Van Dyke Show Episodes Family Affair Family Ties Friends Get Smart House of Lies The Phil Silvers Show Spin City Will & Grace 3 nominations Atlanta Chico and the Man Coach Empty Nest Father Knows Best The Good Place Happy Days The Kominsky Method Newhart Night Court Only Murders in the Building Sanford and Son Three's Company Ted Lasso Transparent 2 nominations Arrested Development Black Monday The Bernie Mac Show Buffalo Bill Crazy Like a Fox The Defenders Dragnet Evening Shade Hennesey Hogan's Heroes The Jack Benny Program The Jackie Gleason Show The Last Man on Earth Master of None Naked City Perry Mason Schitt's Creek Soap The Wonder Years The Untouchables Performers with multiple nominations 14 nominations Ted Danson* 11 nominations Alan Alda* Kelsey Grammer* 8 nominations Michael J. Fox* Carroll O'Connor* Tony Shalhoub* 7 nominations Anthony Anderson Alec Baldwin* John Goodman Matt LeBlanc Hal Linden 6 nominations Steve Carell Don Cheadle Larry David John Lithgow* William H. Macy Jim Parsons* Paul Reiser Ray Romano* 5 nominations Louis C.K.", "title": "Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series" }, { "docid": "4365537", "text": "Cyril Domb FRS (9 December 1920 – 15 February 2012) was a British-Israeli theoretical physicist, best known for his lecturing and writing on the theory of phase transitions and critical phenomena of fluids. He was also known in the Orthodox Jewish world for his writings on science and Judaism. Early life Domb was born on 9 December 1920, the fourth day of Hanukkah, in North London to a Hasidic Jewish family. His father, Yoel, who had shortened his name from Dombrowski to Domb, was a native of Warsaw, while his mother, Sarah, was from Oświęcim, Poland. He was given the Hebrew name of Yechiel. His father and grandfather paid for tutors to educate him in classical Jewish studies, and he also attended shiurim (Torah classes) given by Rabbi Eliyahu Eliezer Dessler to young men in a nearby synagogue. Domb possessed both an excellent memory and skill in mathematics. At the age of 17 he won a scholarship to Pembroke College, Cambridge. He graduated with a degree in mathematics in 1941. He then joined the Admiralty Signal Establishment in Portsmouth as one of several young scientists working on developing radar systems during World War II. Until that point, radar operators were only able to determine the distance of an approaching object; Domb's group worked out a method for determining the height of an object as well. After the war, Domb attended Cambridge University. He earned his PhD in 1949 with a doctoral thesis on \"Order-Disorder Statistics\". His doctoral advisor was Fred Hoyle. Academic career Domb was a university lecturer in mathematics at Cambridge University between 1952 and 1954 and professor of theoretical physics at King's College London between 1954 and 1981. In the latter position, he became the youngest professor in London at that time. In 1972 Domb began co-editing what would become a 20-volume series, Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena, considered a classic in the field. After the death of his first co-editor, Melville S. Green, he worked with Joel Lebowitz. Science and Judaism In the late 1950s, Domb helped found the British Association of Orthodox Jewish Scientists, based on the American model, and served as its president. Domb began writing his views reconciling the apparent contradictions between science and Judaism in 1961, when The Jewish Chronicle of London asked him for a 1000-word article on how Jewish teachings accord with the Big Bang and Steady State cosmological theories. This article gained the attention of the Lubavitcher Rebbe, who began a correspondence with Domb and encouraged him to continue his efforts to show religious sceptics that there is no contradiction between science and such Torah concepts as the Genesis creation narrative and the Existence of God. Unlike the Rebbe, Domb gave credence to the theory of evolution, but held that this and other scientific theories were \"only tentative summaries of our situation, whereas religion deals with what is right and what is wrong, and with many of the major driving forces in one's life\". Domb went on to publish a", "title": "Cyril Domb" }, { "docid": "30889440", "text": "Brian Thomas Smith (born May 13, 1977) is an American actor and comedian known for playing the dim-witted but kind-hearted Zack Johnson in The Big Bang Theory for nine seasons. He has also made other TV appearances on Fear Factor, Two and a Half Men, Happy Endings, The Neighborhood, 9-1-1: Lone Star, and United States of Al. On the big screen, Smith starred opposite Al Pacino and Annette Bening in Dan Fogelman's directoral debut film, Danny Collins. Other films Smith has starred in include Lethal Seduction, Babysplitters, The Wedding Party, and Concrete Blondes. Early life Smith has a younger brother, Greg, who participated with him on The Amazing Race 7. Career Smith has appeared in over 100 commercials including Miller Lite, Pizza Hut, Burger King, State Farm, Lopez Tonight, Chevrolet, Carl's Jr., Coors Light, Budweiser, Taco Bell, DirecTV, Pop Chips, Buffalo Wild Wings, Honda, Corona, Applebee's, DairyQueen, Audi, and Progressive Insurance. In 2005, in markets outside of the United States, he starred in a Heineken beer commercial with Jennifer Aniston. In 2005, Smith appeared on the reality television competition series The Amazing Race 7 with his brother, Greg. The two were involved in a car accident during the sixth leg that injured their cameraman. They were then eliminated on the subsequent leg during the sixth episode and placed sixth overall. In 2006, Smith was cast as the lead in Dan Fogelman's half-hour comedy pilot The 12th Man. In 2010, Smith joined the cast of comedy series The Big Bang Theory in a recurring role, portraying Penny's sometime boyfriend, sometime ex-boyfriend, Zack Johnson. He continued to recur on the show until its 12th and final season in 2019 (S12E12 and S12E25). In 2021, Smith was cast in a recurring role of the comedy series United States of Al, as Freddy, the new boyfriend of Vanessa, Riley's ex-wife. Filmography Film Television References External links 1977 births Living people American male comedians American male film actors American male television actors Male actors from St. Louis University of Central Missouri alumni Comedians from St. Louis 21st-century American comedians Participants in American reality television series", "title": "Brian Thomas Smith" }, { "docid": "73764384", "text": "Big Bang Theory is an album by violinist Billy Bang. It was recorded on August 20 and 21, 1999, at Sound on Sound Studios in New York City, and was released in 2000 by Justin Time Records. On the album, Bang is joined by pianist Alexis T. Pope, double bassist Curtis Lundy, and drummer Codaryl Moffett. Reception In a review for AllMusic, Al Campbell stated that the musicians are \"easily capable of improvisation while maintaining a cohesive balance,\" and noted the album's \"overt statement of spirituality that borders on experimentation while maintaining conventional structures.\" John Murph of JazzTimes called the group \"a cohesive ensemble with clearly defined roles,\" and praised \"Bang's bluesy, backwoods fiddling\" as well as \"Curtis Lundy's swaggering bass lines, Alexis Pope's sparkling piano accompaniment and Codaryl Moffett's swinging drumming.\" A reviewer for All About Jazz wrote: \"Bang is a violinist whose ideas truly seem to be spur-of-the-moment as inspiration radiates, sometimes with physical embellishments, from his instrument to his audiences... the rhythm section of Big Bang Theory allows Bang to shine as the leader, laying down beats and holding back accompaniment, until it's time to step forth.\" JazzWord's Ken Waxman called the album \"exemplary,\" and commented: \"CDs like this one... show that among his many other attributes, versatile Bang can output pure swing when he sets his bow to it... In fact, the careful listener would note that this quartet's heartfelt rhythm and relaxed tunefulness, call up the image of no one more than trickster Stuff Smith — mainstream jazz's violin clown prince of the 1930s to 1960s.\" Track listing \"Contrary Motion\" (Kahil El'Zabar) – 5:16 \"At Play in the Fields of the Lord\" (Billy Bang) – 7:34 \"Big Bang Theory\" (Curtis Lundy) – 9:49 \"Theme for Taraby\" (Billy Bang) – 6:03 \"Silent Observation\" (Billy Bang) – 7:21 \"One for Jazz (For Dennis Charles)\" (Billy Bang) – 4:31 \"Sweet Irene\" (Billy Bang) – 6:16 \"Swing Low, Sweet Chariot\" (Traditional) – 2:22 \"Saved by the Bell\" (Alexis Pope) – 5:41 \"Little Sunflower\" (Freddie Hubbard) – 10:50 Personnel Billy Bang – violin Alexis T. Pope – piano Curtis Lundy – double bass Codaryl Moffett – drums References 2000 albums Billy Bang albums Justin Time Records albums", "title": "Big Bang Theory (Billy Bang album)" }, { "docid": "1864889", "text": "Cosmology () is a branch of physics and metaphysics dealing with the nature of the universe, the cosmos. The term cosmology was first used in English in 1656 in Thomas Blount's Glossographia, and in 1731 taken up in Latin by German philosopher Christian Wolff, in Cosmologia Generalis. Religious or mythological cosmology is a body of beliefs based on mythological, religious, and esoteric literature and traditions of creation myths and eschatology. In the science of astronomy, cosmology is concerned with the study of the chronology of the universe. Physical cosmology is the study of the observable universe's origin, its large-scale structures and dynamics, and the ultimate fate of the universe, including the laws of science that govern these areas. It is investigated by scientists, including astronomers and physicists, as well as philosophers, such as metaphysicians, philosophers of physics, and philosophers of space and time. Because of this shared scope with philosophy, theories in physical cosmology may include both scientific and non-scientific propositions and may depend upon assumptions that cannot be tested. Physical cosmology is a sub-branch of astronomy that is concerned with the universe as a whole. Modern physical cosmology is dominated by the Big Bang Theory which attempts to bring together observational astronomy and particle physics; more specifically, a standard parameterization of the Big Bang with dark matter and dark energy, known as the Lambda-CDM model. Theoretical astrophysicist David N. Spergel has described cosmology as a \"historical science\" because \"when we look out in space, we look back in time\" due to the finite nature of the speed of light. Disciplines Physics and astrophysics have played central roles in shaping our understanding of the universe through scientific observation and experiment. Physical cosmology was shaped through both mathematics and observation in an analysis of the whole universe. The universe is generally understood to have begun with the Big Bang, followed almost instantaneously by cosmic inflation, an expansion of space from which the universe is thought to have emerged 13.799 ± 0.021 billion years ago. Cosmogony studies the origin of the universe, and cosmography maps the features of the universe. In Diderot's Encyclopédie, cosmology is broken down into uranology (the science of the heavens), aerology (the science of the air), geology (the science of the continents), and hydrology (the science of waters). Metaphysical cosmology has also been described as the placing of humans in the universe in relationship to all other entities. This is exemplified by Marcus Aurelius's observation that a man's place in that relationship: \"He who does not know what the world is does not know where he is, and he who does not know for what purpose the world exists, does not know who he is, nor what the world is.\" Discoveries Physical cosmology Physical cosmology is the branch of physics and astrophysics that deals with the study of the physical origins and evolution of the universe. It also includes the study of the nature of the universe on a large scale. In its earliest form, it was what", "title": "Cosmology" }, { "docid": "42882", "text": "Cosmogony is any model concerning the origin of the cosmos or the universe. Overview Scientific theories In astronomy, cosmogony refers to the study of the origin of particular astrophysical objects or systems, and is most commonly used in reference to the origin of the universe, the Solar System, or the Earth–Moon system. The prevalent cosmological model of the early development of the universe is the Big Bang theory. Sean M. Carroll, who specializes in theoretical cosmology and field theory, explains two competing explanations for the origins of the singularity, which is the center of a space in which a characteristic is limitless (one example is the singularity of a black hole, where gravity is the characteristic that becomes infinite). It is generally thought that the universe began at a point of singularity, but among Modern Cosmologists and Physicists, a singularity usually represents a lack of understanding, and in the case of Cosmology/Cosmogony, requires a theory of quantum gravity to understand. When the universe started to expand, what is colloquially known as the Big Bang occurred, which evidently began the universe. The other explanation, held by proponents such as Stephen Hawking, asserts that time did not exist when it emerged along with the universe. This assertion implies that the universe does not have a beginning, as time did not exist \"prior\" to the universe. Hence, it is unclear whether properties such as space or time emerged with the singularity and the known universe. Despite the research, there is currently no theoretical model that explains the earliest moments of the universe's existence (during the Planck epoch) due to a lack of a testable theory of quantum gravity. Nevertheless, researchers of string theory, its extensions (such as M-theory), and of loop quantum cosmology, like Barton Zwiebach and Washington Taylor, have proposed solutions to assist in the explanation of the universe's earliest moments. Cosmogonists have only tentative theories for the early stages of the universe and its beginning. The proposed theoretical scenarios include string theory, M-theory, the Hartle–Hawking initial state, emergent Universe, string landscape, cosmic inflation, the Big Bang, and the ekpyrotic universe. Some of these proposed scenarios, like the string theory, are compatible, whereas others are not. Mythology In mythology, creation or cosmogonic myths are narratives describing the beginning of the universe or cosmos. Some methods of the creation of the universe in mythology include: the will or action of a supreme being or beings, the process of metamorphosis, the copulation of female and male deities, from chaos, or via a cosmic egg. Creation myths may be etiological, attempting to provide explanations for the origin of the universe. For instance, Eridu Genesis, the oldest known creation myth, contains an account of the creation of the world in which the universe was created out of a primeval sea (Abzu). Creation myths vary, but they may share similar deities or symbols. For instance, the ruler of the gods in Greek mythology, Zeus, is similar to the ruler of the gods in Roman mythology, Jupiter. Another", "title": "Cosmogony" }, { "docid": "29527801", "text": "Bang! Records is a Spanish record label from the Basque Country, which was formed in 1998 by Gorka Munster and Juan-Mari Iturrarte. The label has a primary focus on artists from Melbourne, Australia, and New York City's swamp, noise and punk blues music scene. Acts among the Bang! Records roster include The Beasts Of Bourbon, The Scientists, Rowland S. Howard of The Birthday Party, Brian Henry Hooper, The Drones, The Gun Club and Jeffrey Lee Pierce. History Bang! Records was originally conceived by Gorka Munster with the aim of releasing 7-inch vinyl singles. The first release appeared in 1998 with a 7-inch single release by Senor No. This was followed by singles from Brother Brick, The Hellacopters and The Nomads. With the addition of Juan-Mari Iturrarte, the label expanded to include gatefold vinyl LP releases and reissues with a growing focus on the Australian swamp blues music scene. To mark the label's ten year anniversary, the Big Bang! Festival was held August 15 and 16 2008, at Collingwood's The Tote Hotel. The festival featured performances by Kim Salmon & The Surrealists, The Kill Devil Hills, Stu Thomas, Brian Henry Hooper, Spencer P. Jones, Hugo Race and others. Artists The Beasts Of Bourbon The Scientists Rowland S. Howard The Gun Club Spencer P. Jones Brian Henry Hooper The Drones The Chrome Cranks Hugo Race Kim Salmon and the Surrealists Five Dollar Priest Woman Ian Rilen The Bakelite Age Jerry Teel and the Big City Stompers Jeffrey Lee Pierce The Hellacopters Boris Sujdovic The Devastations Sacred Cowboys The Meanies The Kill Devil Hills The Green Mist Stu Thomas The Nomads Dimi Dero, Inc. Penny Ikinger The Butcher Shop Tiger By The Tail Black Pony Express The Celibate Rifles The Proton Energy Pills The Seminal Rats James McCann Senor No The Voyeurs Brother Brick The Yes Men Bored! Leadfinger The Scoundrelles Asteroid B-612 Los Dingos The Slappers The Flaming Stars The Powder Monkeys See also List of record labels References External links Bang! Records official website Spanish independent record labels Garage rock record labels Noise music record labels Record labels disestablished in 1998 Swamp rock record labels Punk blues record labels", "title": "Bang! Records" }, { "docid": "41363302", "text": "Denis Kolesnikov (rus. Денис Колесников) - a professional radio host, DJ, translator, voice and founder of \"Kuraj-Bombey”. Man, who dubbed in Russian many award ceremonies and fashion shows. Biography Denis Kolesnikov was born in June 1982 in the far northern town Tynda, later his family moved to Tolyatti. After high school, he worked in the design industry. Since 2000, he worked under the name Mr. Dee. In 2002, Kolesnikov won the \"Show of real Eminems\" on MTV in Russia and gets an opportunity to go to San Francisco and to hear a live show of Eminem. In 2005, as a head of band \"Division Productions\", he published an urban music album. From 2006–2009, he worked as a DJ on the radio Next! (Moscow) and August (Togliatti). In 2008, he dubbed How I Met Your Mother and has a number of translations and editions of books in this series; specifically he translated fully part of the series \"Bro Code\" and The Playbook. He worked on the short film by Robert Rodriguez, called \"Black Mamba\", which was published in Russian voiced by «Kuraj-Bombey». In 2008, Dennis began working on comedy series \"Everybody Hates Chris\", which ended only after 2 years. There were other translations, such as the comedy series \"The Big Bang Theory\" in 2007 and a lot of work in the comedy \"Mike & Molly\" in 2010. In 2011, Denis Kolesnikov worked with the studio \"Pythagoras\" on translation and dubbing movies \"Bad Teacher\", \"Your Highness\", etc. Now In real time Denis Kolesnikov has many things to do: he is a professional radio host, leading many stage shows and works on translation and voicing feature films. Denis sometimes has to use stealth and \"diplomacy\" in the translation of texts comedies. As the author admits, to translate literally – is to run into a qualification from critics, that’s why you have to \"soften\" a literal translation. How it all began \"Mom asked Dennis for something funny and interesting to watch. He offered first series of \"The Big Bang Theory\". Mom liked the show, but the continuation of it was only in English. Since his mother did not know the language, she constantly fiddled Dennis: \"What 's next?\", so he had to translate and voice it for her and for another neighbor - grannie Zinaida. Somehow the translations got into the internet. Denis suspects Zinaida\". Links http://kuraj-bambey.ru/about - studio Kuraj-Bambey http://www.ht.ua/pub/138918.html - Denis Kolesnikov https://web.archive.org/web/20131214122242/http://imhonet.ru/person/320563/ - Denis Kolesnikov http://www.kinopoisk.ru/name/2415746/ - Denis Kolesnikov on KinoPoisk 1982 births Living people People from Tynda Russian radio personalities", "title": "Denis Kolesnikov" }, { "docid": "36151015", "text": "The Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Actor in a Comedy Series is one of the award categories presented annually by the Critics' Choice Television Awards (BTJA) (US) to recognize the work done by television actors. It was introduced in 2011 when the event was first initiated. The winners are selected by a group of television critics that are part of the Broadcast Television Critics Association. Winners and nominees 2010s 2020s Programs with Multiple wins 2 wins Barry The Bear The Big Bang Theory Louie Ted Lasso Transparent Programs with Multiple nominations 6 nominations The Big Bang Theory 4 nominations Barry black-ish Louie Only Murders in the Building What We Do in the Shadows 3 nominations Brockmire The Good Place The Last Man on Earth Silicon Valley Transparent 2 nominations Atlanta The Bear Community Fresh Off the Boat The Great House of Lies Master of None The Mindy Project Parks and Recreation Ramy Reservation Dogs Schitt's Creek Ted Lasso Performers with Multiple wins 2 wins Bill Hader (consecutive) Louis C.K. (consecutive) Jim Parsons Jason Sudeikis (consecutive) Jeffrey Tambor (consecutive) Jeremy Allen White (consecutive) Performers with Multiple nominations 5 nominations Bill Hader Jim Parsons 4 nominations Anthony Anderson Louis C.K. 3 nominations Hank Azaria Ted Danson Will Forte Steve Martin Thomas Middleditch Jeffrey Tambor 2 nominations Aziz Ansari Matt Berry Don Cheadle Donald Glover Nicholas Hoult Eugene Levy Joel McHale Chris Messina Kayvan Novak Randall Park Adam Scott Jason Sudeikis Jeremy Allen White D'Pharaoh Woon-A-Tai Ramy Youssef See also TCA Award for Individual Achievement in Comedy Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Musical or Comedy Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Comedy Series References External links Critics' Choice Television Awards Television awards for Best Actor", "title": "Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Actor in a Comedy Series" }, { "docid": "2100312", "text": "BBT may refer to: Arts and entertainment The Big Bang Theory, an American sitcom \"The Big Bang Theory\" (Family Guy), an episode of Family Guy Big Biz Tycoon, a business simulation game by Animedia Bujinkan Budō Taijutsu, the group which teaches the Bujinkan Black box theater, a simple performance space, typically a square room with black walls and a flat floor. Music Big Bang Theory (Harem Scarem album), a 1998 album by the Canadian hard rock band Harem Scarem Big Bang Theory (Styx album), an album by Styx Big Big Train, an English progressive rock band that was founded in 1990 Organisations Air Bashkortostan (ICAO code BBT), an airline based in Russia Barbier, Benard, et Turenne, a French company that specialized in the manufacture of lighthouse lenses Bhaktivedanta Book Trust, the world's largest publisher of books concerning Krishna Barclays Bank Tanzania, a commercial bank in Tanzania Borletti-Buitoni Trust, a charitable trust established in 2002 to help young musicians throughout the world Toyama Television, a television station in Japan Brighton Ballet Theater, a not-for-profit professional dance school Transport BBT, the Indian Railways station code for Birati railway station, West Bengal, India BBT, the MRT station abbreviation for Bukit Batok MRT station, Singapore Other uses Basal body temperature, the lowest temperature attained by the body during rest Bubble tea, a Taiwanese beverage usually containing a tea base mixed with fruit (or fruit syrup) and/or milk Brenner Base Tunnel, a planned long railway tunnel through the base of the Brenner massif See also Big Bang (Big Bang theory), the prevailing cosmological model for the universe Big Bang (disambiguation) Big Bang Theory (disambiguation)", "title": "BBT" }, { "docid": "2808556", "text": "In physical cosmology, the Alpher–Bethe–Gamow paper, or αβγ paper, was created by Ralph Alpher, then a physics PhD student, his advisor George Gamow, and Hans Bethe. The work, which would become the subject of Alpher's PhD dissertation, argued that the Big Bang would create hydrogen, helium and heavier elements in the correct proportions to explain their abundance in the early universe. While the original theory neglected a number of processes important to the formation of heavy elements, subsequent developments showed that Big Bang nucleosynthesis is consistent with the observed constraints on all primordial elements. Formally titled \"The Origin of Chemical Elements\", it was published in the April 1948 issue of Physical Review. Bethe's name Gamow humorously decided to add the name of his friend—the eminent physicist Hans Bethe—to this paper in order to create the whimsical author list of Alpher, Bethe, Gamow, a play on the Greek letters α, β, and γ (alpha, beta, gamma). Bethe () was listed in the article as \"H. Bethe, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York\". In his 1952 book The Creation of the Universe, Gamow explained Hans Bethe's association with the theory thus: After this, Bethe did work on Big Bang nucleosynthesis. Alpher, at the time only a graduate student, was generally dismayed by the inclusion of Bethe's name on this paper. He felt that the inclusion of another eminent physicist would overshadow his personal contribution to this work and prevent him from receiving proper recognition for such an important discovery. He expressed resentment over Gamow's whimsy as late as 1999. Main shortcoming of the theory The theory originally proposed that all atomic nuclei are produced by the successive capture of neutrons, one mass unit at a time. However, later study challenged the universality of the successive-capture theory. No element was found to have a stable isotope with an atomic mass of five or eight. Physicists soon noticed that these mass gaps would hinder the production of elements beyond helium. Just as it is impossible to climb a staircase one step at a time when one of the steps is missing, this discovery meant that the successive-capture theory could not account for higher elements. It was eventually recognized that most of the heavy elements observed in the present universe are the result of stellar nucleosynthesis in stars, a theory first suggested by Arthur Stanley Eddington, given credence by Hans Bethe, and quantitatively developed by Fred Hoyle and a number of other scientists. However, the Alpher–Bethe–Gamow theory does correctly explain the relative abundances of the isotopes of hydrogen and helium. Taken together, these account for more than 99% of the baryonic mass of the universe. Today, nucleosynthesis is widely considered to have taken place in two stages: formation of hydrogen and helium according to the Alpher–Bethe–Gamow theory, and stellar nucleosynthesis of higher elements according to Bethe and Hoyle's later theories. Notes References This paper is known by the initials of the authors' surnames, B2FH. As quoted in Quark Soup. External links Physics papers Physical cosmology Works", "title": "Alpher–Bethe–Gamow paper" }, { "docid": "3624556", "text": "Bang Kapi (, ) is one of the 50 districts (khet) of Bangkok, Thailand. It is bounded by other Bangkok districts (from north clockwise): Bueng Kum, Saphan Sung, Prawet, Suan Luang, Huai Khwang, Wang Thonglang, and Lat Phrao. Name The name Bang Kapi consists of two parts. Bang is a common prefix for place names in Thailand and roughly means a \"hamlet by the waterfront\". There are multiple theories as to the origin of kapi. The word kapi itself exists in Thai and means \"shrimp paste\", which is one possible origin. Another possibility is that it comes from kabi (กบิ/กบี่), a poetic word meaning \"monkey\", as the area used to be heavily forested and was home to many monkeys. Lastly, it could also come from kapiyoh (กะปิเยาะห์), the Thai word for a type of cap worn by Islamic men (taqiyah), owing to the fact that many Muslims settled in the area. History The area of Bang Kapi has a history dating back to Rama III's reign, when Chao Phraya Bodindecha (เจ้าพระยาบดินทรเดชา) led a troop to fight rebels in Champassack and Louangphabang and brought back people to settle. As it grew into a larger town, Bang Kapi was made an amphoe (district) of Phra Nakhon province. The district was originally quite large, but has been divided since then to form new districts. In 1966, Huay Khwang sub-district (tambon) and parts of the Bang Kapi sub-district were spun off to form Phaya Thai district. In 1972, Phra Nakhon and Thonburi were joined as the single province, Bangkok. The title of districts and sub-districts in the capital city were changed from amphoe and tambon to khet and khwaeng, respectively. Bang Kapi became a district of the newly combined province, having at that time nine sub-districts. In 1977, Sam Sen Nok sub-district was moved to Huai Khwang district. In 1989, Lat Phrao district and Bueng Kum district were separated from Bang Kapi and became new districts. On 14 October 1997, Wang Thonglang sub-district was elevated to a district, taking part of Khlong Chan sub-district with it. Administration The district is divided into two sub-districts (khwaeng). District Council The District Council for Bang Kapi has eight members, who each serve four-year terms. Elections were last held on 30 April 2006. The results were as follows: Democrat Party - Seven seats Thai Rak Thai Party - One seat Places Education Ramkhamhaeng University National Institute of Development Administration (NIDA) Rattana Bundit University Assumption University National Housing Authority Bang Kapi School Ramkhamhaeng Advent International School (RAIS) Traill International School Temples Wat Bueng Thong Lang Wat Phra Kaisri Noi Wat Thep Leela Wat Wat Chanthawongsaram (klang) Wat Sri Bun Rueang Shopping The Mall Ramkhamhaeng The Mall Bang Kapi Big C Hua Mak Bang Kapi market Tesco Lotus Bang Kapi Kwan Riam floating market Ramkhamhaeng night market Happy Land Market Homepro (Ramkhamhaeng road) Tawanna shopping park Makro Bang Kapi Transportation MRT Yellow Line passes through the district along the Lat Phrao and Srinagarindra roads. Stations are Lat Phrao 101, Bang", "title": "Bang Kapi district" }, { "docid": "33644165", "text": "\"Soft Kitty\" is a children's song, popularized by the characters Sheldon and Penny in the American sitcom The Big Bang Theory, and which elsewhere may be rendered as \"Warm Kitty.\" A 2015 copyright lawsuit alleged the words to \"Warm Kitty\" were written by Edith Newlin; however, the lawsuit was dismissed because the court found that the plaintiffs failed to show they had a valid claim. In The Big Bang Theory, the song is described by Sheldon as a song sung by his mother when he is ill. The lyrics on The Big Bang Theory are: \"Soft kitty, warm kitty, little ball of fur! Happy kitty, sleepy kitty, purr purr purr!\" A scene in an episode of Young Sheldon, the prequel series to The Big Bang Theory, depicts the origin of the song. This aired on February 1, 2018, and shows Sheldon's mother Mary singing the song to her son, who is suffering with the flu. Origin The song is originally based on a Polish lullaby, Wlazł kotek na płotek (\"The kitten climbed the fence\"). The lyrics were noted by folklorist Oskar Kolberg in 1837, and the tune was first published by Stanisław Moniuszko in 1849, based on a Polish folksong. Władysław Syrokomla and Wiktor Każyński published a version of this song in 1857, in Pieśniach ludu polskiego (\"Songs of the Polish people\"). Versions of the song have been released by Australian children's performer Patsy Biscoe, and by the long-running ABC children's program Play School—a recording sung by Philip Quast and Barbara Frawley was released on the show's 1993 album The Best of Play School, which predates The Big Bang Theory and has the lyrics reversed, instead going: \"Warm kitty, soft kitty, little ball of fur. Sleepy kitty, happy kitty, purr purr purr.\" The song remains part of Play Schools catalog of children's songs regularly performed on the program: the show's presenters occasionally perform the song for their young viewers. Copyright lawsuit In December 2015, the heirs of Edith Newlin filed a lawsuit against the various companies associated with The Big Bang Theory, claiming that the words and music to the song appeared in the book Songs for the Nursery School published in 1937 by Willis Music Company, based on a poem by Newlin; the copyright to the book was renewed in 1964. The website for Willis Music states: The suit by Newlin's daughters, on the other hand, claimed that they held the copyright. Furthermore, they alleged that they did not authorize the use of the lyrics, that Willis Music did not have permission to authorize others to use the lyrics, and that the lyrics had been used not only in the television series but on various kinds of program-associated merchandise without proper permission. On March 27, 2017, US District Court Judge Naomi Reice Buchwald dismissed the suit, holding that the plaintiffs had not shown that they held a copyright on their mother's lyrics: \"They have failed to establish that they own a valid copyright as necessary to state a copyright", "title": "Soft Kitty" }, { "docid": "13079722", "text": "Since the emergence of the Big Bang theory as the dominant physical cosmological paradigm, there have been a variety of reactions by religious groups regarding its implications for religious cosmologies. Some accept the scientific evidence at face value, some seek to harmonize the Big Bang with their religious tenets, and some reject or ignore the evidence for the Big Bang theory. Background The Big Bang itself is a scientific theory, and as such, stands or falls by its agreement with observations. However, as a theory which addresses the nature of the universe since its earliest discernible existence, the Big Bang carries possible theological implications regarding the concept of creation out of nothing. Many atheist philosophers have argued against the idea of the Universe having a beginning – the universe might simply have existed for all eternity, but with the emerging evidence of the Big Bang theory, both theists and physicists have viewed it as capable of being explained by theism; a popular philosophical argument for the existence of God known as the Kalam cosmological argument rests in the concepts of the Big Bang. In the 1920s and 1930s, almost every major cosmologist preferred an eternal steady state universe, and several complained that the beginning of time implied by the Big Bang imported religious concepts into physics; this objection was later repeated by supporters of the steady-state theory, who rejected the implication that the universe had a beginning. Hinduism The view from the Hindu Puranas is that of an eternal universe cosmology in which time has no absolute beginning, but rather is infinite and cyclic, as opposed to a universe which originated from a Big Bang. However, the Encyclopædia of Hinduism, referencing Katha Upanishad 2:20, states that the Big Bang theory reminds humanity that everything came from the Brahman which is \"subtler than the atom, greater than the greatest.\" It consists of several \"Big Bangs\" and \"Big Crunches\" following each other in a cyclical manner. The Nasadiya Sukta, the Hymn of Creation in the Rigveda (10:129), mentions the world beginning from nothing through the power of heat. This can be seen as corresponding to the Big Bang theory. Several prominent modern scientists have remarked that Hinduism (and also Buddhism and Jainism by extension as all three faiths share most of these philosophies) is the only religion (or civilization) in all of recorded history, that has timescales and theories in astronomy (cosmology), that appear to correspond to those of modern scientific cosmology, e.g. Carl Sagan, Niels Bohr, Erwin Schrödinger, Werner Heisenberg, Robert Oppenheimer, George Sudarshan, Fritjof Capra etc. Sir Roger Penrose is among the present-day physicists that believe in a cyclical model for the Universe, wherein there are alternating cycles consisting of Big Bangs and Big Crunches, and he describes this model to be \"a bit more like Hindu philosophy\" as compared to the Abrahamic faiths. Christianity The Big Bang theory was partly developed by a Catholic priest, Georges Lemaître, who believed that there was neither a connection nor a conflict between", "title": "Religious interpretations of the Big Bang theory" }, { "docid": "1877637", "text": "The World's Last Night and Other Essays is a collection of essays by C. S. Lewis published in the United States in 1960. The title essay is about the Second Coming of Jesus Christ. The volume also contains a follow-up to Lewis' 1942 novel The Screwtape Letters in the form of \"Screwtape Proposes a Toast.\" The second, fourth and fifth pieces were published in the U.K. in a volume called Screwtape Proposes a Toast and other pieces (1965); the first, sixth and seventh were published in the U.K. in Fern-seed and Elephants and other essays on Christianity (1975). All the pieces were later collected in the comprehensive Essay Collection and Other Short Pieces (2000). Contents \"The Efficacy of Prayer\" \"On Obstinacy in Belief\" \"Lilies That Fester\" \"Screwtape Proposes a Toast\" \"Good Work and Good Works\" \"Religion and Rocketry\" / \"Will We Lose God in Outer Space\" What did Lewis think of the possibility of discovering life on other planets? What implications might such a discovery have for Christian theology? Originally published in the Christian Herald and entitled “Will We Lose God in Outer Space,” Lewis's essay on the subject was first published in 1958 and later became titled “Religion and Rocketry.” The essay was written in partial response to the writings of Professor Fred Hoyle, the Cambridge astronomer and founder of the Institute of Astronomy at Cambridge. In 1958, Hoyle was Plumian professor of astronomy at Cambridge and engaged in the study of the structure and evolution of the stars. Even though he coined the phrase “Big Bang,” Hoyle rejected the ‘big bang’ theory of the origin of the universe in favor of the steady state theory, which claimed that the universe has always looked as it does now. Martin Ryle, however, held to the big bang theory for the creation of the universe in a moment, the theory that eventually held sway. Some of Hoyle's writings, including science fiction and plays, popularized astronomy. Christopher H. Derrick of Geoffrey Bles publishers, presumably in 1963 and before Lewis's death, wrote a proposal for a book that was to include “Religion and Rocketry,” stating that “This essay seems to have been written in rebuttal of an argument which is only likely to be brought forward by a rather silly minority (though an academically distinguished one)…” Hoyle would have been part of that academically distinguished, but silly, minority. Lewis also mentioned Professor Hoyle (1915–2001) in his essay “The Seeing Eye” (1963). In “The Seeing Eye,” Lewis challenged the conclusion of the Russian cosmonauts, who concluded that there was no God, since they did not find Him in outer space. In that same essay, Lewis claimed that Hoyle and many others were saying that life must have originated in many, many times and places, given the vast size of the universe. He was referring to a series of broadcast talks that Hoyle had given in 1950, later published as The Nature of the Universe, a series of talks that argued against a Christian view", "title": "The World's Last Night and Other Essays" }, { "docid": "1624544", "text": "Sir John Royden Maddox, FRS (27 November 1925 – 12 April 2009) was a Welsh theoretical chemist, physicist, and science writer. He was an editor of Nature for 22 years, from 1966 to 1973 and 1980 to 1995. Education and early life John Royden Maddox was born on 27 November 1925, at Penllergaer near Swansea, Wales. He was the son of Arthur Jack Maddox, a furnaceman at an aluminium plant. He was educated at Gowerton Boys' County School. From there, aged 15, he won a state scholarship to Christ Church, Oxford, where he read chemistry, and King's College London, where he studied physics. Career From 1949 to 1955 Maddox lectured in theoretical physics at the University of Manchester. He then became the science correspondent at The Manchester Guardian, a post he held until 1964. From 1964 to 1966 he was the coordinator of the Nuffield Science Teaching Project; after which he was appointed editor of Nature, a role he held from 1966 to 1973 (and 1980 to 1995). He was director of the Nuffield Foundation from 1975 to 1979. From 1980 to 1995 he was again editor of Nature. In 1990, he publicly investigated homoeopathy claims. Sheldrake editorial, 1981 When the book A New Science of Life by British biologist Rupert Sheldrake was published in 1981, proposing the theory of morphic resonance instead of DNA as the basis for shapes and behaviour in nature, Maddox denounced it fiercely in an editorial titled \"A book for burning?\" in which he argued that Sheldrake's ideas were pseudoscience. Maddox concluded that the book should not be burned but placed \"among the literature of intellectual aberrations\". He elaborated in a 1994 BBC documentary on Sheldrake's theory: Stance on AIDS denial Maddox is remembered for his opposition to the notion that AIDS is not caused by the HIV virus. As editor of Nature, in 1993 Maddox decided not to publish the words of Peter Duesberg, who had claimed AIDS was caused by drugs, because in Maddox's view the stakes were too high for such a prestigious journal to disseminate discredited views. Stance on the Big Bang In the late 1980s, as evidence for the Big Bang origin of the Universe accumulated, Maddox, who favoured the Steady State theory, penned an editorial denouncing the theory as \"philosophically unacceptable\" (because he saw it giving a foothold to creationists) and \"over-simplistic\" and he predicted its demise within a decade (when results from the Hubble Space Telescope would become available). Publications Maddox authored and edited numerous publications including: Beyond the Energy Crisis Revolution in Biology The Doomsday Syndrome What Remains to Be Discovered: Mapping the Secrets of the Universe, the Origins of Life, and the Future of the Human Race. Honours and awards In 1995 Maddox was knighted. In 2000 he was made an honorary Fellow of the Royal Society. His nomination read: The John Maddox Prize is named in his honour. The prize is awarded to people who have stood up for science, despite facing difficulty and opposition.", "title": "John Maddox" }, { "docid": "53383847", "text": "The Beginning and End of the Universe is a two-part British television series outlining the theory of the beginning of the universe and the theories about its ending. Episodes Episode One: The Beginning This episode, exploring theories of how the universe came into being, outlines the realisation of Edwin Hubble that the universe is expanding, and the discovery of the residual radiation that gave weight to the Big Bang theory. It also highlights some lesser known theorists including Georges Lemaître, who first theorised that there was a big bang, Ralph Alpher, who stated that the light from this should be detectable, and Cecilia Payne, who calculated that hydrogen and helium were the dominant elements in the universe. The episode concludes at the Large Hadron Collider, where physicists create matter in a similar manner to the Big Bang. Episode Two: The End This episode explores the theories of the big crunch, the big rip and the big freeze, that are postulated by physicists as possible fates for the universe. Al-Khalili indicates that the difficulty in understanding this is our limited ability to comprehend something of such immensity both physically and philosophically. So, rather than suggesting an answer, he provides the historical background for how we came to know what we know, such as how elements are forged inside stars and how gravity provides the key to the fate of the universe, and what we don't know, such as the nature of dark matter and dark energy. Reception Jack Seale, writing for The Guardian, commends the Al-Khalili for, \"his usual mix of spectacular locations, clear explanations, a few gags and the stories of scientists who made crucial breakthroughs.\" Gary Rose, writing for RadioTimes however points out that while Al-Khalili is \"as watchable as ever\", this series, unlike his earlier series Atom, covers well-trodden ground and while there are \"oodles of graphs and stats,\" which he explains, \"with seemingly effortless lucidity,\" regular viewers of Horizon, \"might be immune to the barrage of cosmic stats.\" References External links The Beginning and End of the Universe at OpenLearn 2016 British television series debuts 2016 British television series endings 2010s British documentary television series BBC high definition shows BBC television documentaries about history BBC television documentaries about science Documentary films about the history of science Historical television series History of electrical engineering British English-language television shows BBC television miniseries 2010s British television miniseries Documentary films about outer space", "title": "The Beginning and End of the Universe" }, { "docid": "36469092", "text": "Alpha & Omega: The Search for the Beginning and End of the Universe is the second non-fiction book by Charles Seife, published by Viking, a division of Penguin Putnam, in 2003. Background It is a survey of historic and contemporary efforts at cosmology: to describe the universe, trace the universe back to its origins, including the Big Bang Theory, and to determine the universe's eventual end-state. The books title refers to the Alpha and Omega appellation for Christ, as found in the Book of Revelation. A paperback reprint was published in 2004, also from Penguin. Table of contents Preface \"The First Cosmology: The Golden Age of the Gods\" \"The First Cosmological Revolution: The Copernican Theory\" \"The Second Cosmological Revolution: Hubble and the Big Bang\" \"The Third Revolution Begins: The Universe Amok\" \"The Music of the Spheres: The Cosmic Microwave Background\" \"The Dark Universe: What's the Matter with Matter?\" \"Darker Still: The Enigma of Exotic Dark Matter\" \"The Big Bang in Our Backyard: The Birth of Baryons\" \"The Good Nus: The Exotic Neutrino\" \"Supersymmetry: Fearlessly Framing the Laws of Matter\" \"Seeing the Invisible: MACHOs, WIMPs, and Illuminating the Darkest Regions of the Universe\" \"The Deepest Mystery in Physics: Λ, the Vacuum, and Inflation\", Λ being the symbol for the Cosmological constant \"Wrinkles in Spacetime: Gravitational Waves and the Early Universe\" \"Beyond the Third Revolution: Voyage to the Ends of Time\" \"Appendix A: Tired Light Retired\" \"Appendix B: Where Does Matter Come From?\" \"Appendix C: Nobel Prizes in Physics—Past and Future\" Seife predicts which scientists are likely to win a Nobel Prize for their work in cosmology. \"Appendix D: Some Experiments to Watch\" Glossary, Select Bibliography, Acknowledgements, Index Reception The New York Times praised the book, describing it as \"A primer on the history and state of cosmology that is easy to read and understand… Seife's book shines.\" The Los Angeles Times described it as \"provid(ing) a wonderfully clear and concise introduction to terms often too loosely bandied about, and to their interrelationships in the ongoing attempt of physicists to erect a unified theory of the universe.\" References Alpha & Omega: The Search for the Beginning and End of the Universe, Charles Seife. Penguin Putnam, 2003. External links Charles Seife website with book summary Alpha & Omega at Penguin USA website Alpha & Omega review at Kirkus website 2003 non-fiction books Physics books Cosmology books", "title": "Alpha & Omega (book)" }, { "docid": "364328", "text": "The Big Bounce hypothesis is a cosmological model for the origin of the known universe. It was originally suggested as a phase of the cyclic model or oscillatory universe interpretation of the Big Bang, where the first cosmological event was the result of the collapse of a previous universe. It receded from serious consideration in the early 1980s after inflation theory emerged as a solution to the horizon problem, which had arisen from advances in observations revealing the large-scale structure of the universe. Inflation was found to be inevitably eternal, creating an infinity of different universes with typically different properties, suggesting that the properties of the observable universe are a matter of chance. An alternative concept that included a Big Bounce was conceived as a predictive and falsifiable possible solution to the horizon problem. Investigation continued as of 2022. Expansion and contraction The concept of the Big Bounce envisions the Big Bang as the beginning of a period of expansion that followed a period of contraction. In this view, one could talk of a \"Big Crunch\" followed by a \"Big Bang\" or, more simply, a \"Big Bounce\". This concept suggests that we could exist at any point in an infinite sequence of universes, or conversely, the current universe could be the very first iteration. However, if the condition of the interval phase \"between bounces\"—considered the \"hypothesis of the primeval atom\"—is taken into full contingency, such enumeration may be meaningless because that condition could represent a singularity in time at each instance if such perpetual repeats (cycles) were absolute and undifferentiated. The main idea behind the quantum theory of a Big Bounce is that, as density approaches infinity, the behavior of quantum foam changes. All the so-called fundamental physical constants, including the speed of light in vacuum, need not remain constant during a Big Crunch, especially in the time interval smaller than that in which measurement may never be possible (one unit of Planck time, roughly 10−43 seconds) spanning or bracketing the point of inflection. History Big Bounce models were endorsed on largely aesthetic grounds by cosmologists including Willem de Sitter, Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker, George McVittie, and George Gamow (who stressed that \"from the physical point of view we must forget entirely about the precollapse period\"). By the early 1980s, the advancing precision and scope of observational cosmology had revealed that the large-scale structure of the universe is flat, homogeneous, and isotropic, a finding later accepted as the cosmological principle to apply at scales beyond roughly 300 million light-years. This led cosmologists to seek an explanation to the horizon problem, which questioned how distant regions of the universe could have identical properties without ever being in light-like communication. A solution was proposed to be a period of exponential expansion of space in the early universe, which formed the basis of what became known as inflation theory. Following the brief inflationary period, the universe continues to expand at a slower rate. Various formulations of inflation theory and their detailed implications became", "title": "Big Bounce" }, { "docid": "19958552", "text": "Big Bang Theory most commonly refers to: The Big Bang, a cosmological model of the universe The Big Bang Theory, an American TV sitcom It may also refer to: Music \"The History of Everything\", AKA the theme from ''The Big Bang Theory\", a song by 2007 Barenaked Ladies Big Bang Theory (Billy Bang album) (2000) Big Bang Theory (Styx album) (2005) Big Bang Theory (Harem Scarem album) (1998) Other uses \"The Big Bang Theory\" (Family Guy), a 2011 episode of the TV series See also Big Bang (disambiguation)", "title": "Big Bang Theory" }, { "docid": "63635651", "text": "\"Nobody Lives Without Love\" is a song by Scottish singer-songwriter Eddi Reader, released in 1995 from the Batman Forever soundtrack. It was written by Tonio K and Larry Klein, and produced by Trevor Horn. \"Nobody Lives Without Love\" was released as a single in the UK and Europe, and reached No. 84 on the UK Singles Chart. Critical reception In a review of the Batman Forever soundtrack, John Everson of the Southtown Star described the song as \"the album's sweetest ballad\" which \"sounds more like Everything but the Girl\" than Tracey Thorn's contribution to the soundtrack. Neil Davidson of The Canadian Press commented: \"Despite the bang-bang nature of this action flick, some of the best stuff is lo-fi and low-volume. The best examples are Eddi Reader's \"Nobody Lives Without Love\" and Mazzy Star's \"Tell Me Now\"\". Scott Hinkley Jr. of the Gannett News Service wrote: \"Aside from the big names [on the soundtrack], there is another song that could see heavy radio play. \"Nobody Lives Without Love\" by Eddi Reader is a ballad that rivals Brandy's contribution (\"Where Are You Now?\"). If the rest of her material is as impressive as her voice, Reader could get as big a boost from this record as the movie itself\". Brian S. Maloney of the Santa Cruz Sentinel felt that \"a compelling case can be made for Eddi Reader's ballad\". Track listing CD single \"Nobody Lives Without Love\" - 5:05 \"Wonderful Lie\" - 4:32 \"Red Face Big Sky\" - 4:10 CD single (UK promo) \"Nobody Lives Without Love\" (Edit) - 4:09 Personnel Nobody Lives Without Love Eddi Reader - vocals George De Angelis - keyboards, programming Greg Bone - guitars Roy Dodds - drums Production Trevor Horn - producer of \"Nobody Lives Without Love\" Tim Weidner - engineer and mixing on \"Nobody Lives Without Love\" Greg Penny - producer of \"Wonderful Lie\" and \"Red Face Big Sky\" Charts References 1995 songs 1995 singles Blanco y Negro Records singles Song recordings produced by Trevor Horn Songs written by Larry Klein Batman (1989 film series)", "title": "Nobody Lives Without Love" }, { "docid": "1936905", "text": "Big Bang Theory is the fifteenth studio album and the first covers album by the band Styx, released in 2005. It consists of cover versions of classic rock songs. Origin In 2004, Styx performed a cover of the Beatles song \"I Am the Walrus\" at Eric Clapton's Crossroads Festival, where the song was received so well that it was released as a single. The video featured original bassist Chuck Panozzo as the \"eggman\". The single's success resulted in the band recording this album of cover songs. As a result of an appearance on the Today Show the week of the album's launch, the album reached No. 46 on the Billboard Top 200 Albums chart, Styx's first time in the top 50 since 1983's Kilroy Was Here. However, the album only charted for one week. The single \"I Am the Walrus\" reached a high of number 27 on the Billboard Heritage Rock Chart, but failed to chart on any other rock or pop chart. Track listing \"I Am the Walrus\" (the Beatles cover) Lead vocals: Gowan \"I Can See for Miles\" (the Who cover) Lead vocals: Shaw \"Can't Find My Way Home\" (Blind Faith cover) Lead vocals: Shaw \"It Don't Make Sense (You Can't Make Peace)\" (Willie Dixon cover) Lead vocals: J. Young \"I Don't Need No Doctor\" (Ray Charles cover, a la Humble Pie) Lead vocals: Gowan \"One Way Out\" (the Allman Brothers Band cover) Lead vocals: Shaw \"A Salty Dog\" (Procol Harum cover) Lead vocals: Gowan \"Summer in the City\" (the Lovin' Spoonful cover) Lead vocals: Shaw \"Manic Depression\" (the Jimi Hendrix Experience cover) Lead vocals: J. Young \"Talkin' About the Good Times\" (the Pretty Things cover) Lead vocals: Gowan \"Locomotive Breath\" (Jethro Tull cover) Lead vocals: J. Young \"Find the Cost of Freedom\" (Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young cover) Lead vocals: Styx \"Wishing Well\" (Free cover) Lead vocals: Shaw \"Blue Collar Man @ 2120\" (rerecording of a Styx song) Lead vocals: Shaw Personnel Styx Tommy Shawvocals, guitars James \"JY\" Youngvocals, guitars Lawrence Gowanvocals, keyboards Ricky Phillipsbass Chuck Panozzobass on \"Locomotive Breath\" Todd Suchermandrums Additional musicians The Oracle Divaguest vocals on \"It Don't Make Sense (You Can't Make Peace)\" and \"Wishing Well\" Johnnie Johnsonpiano on \"Blue Collar Man @ 2120\" Koko Taylorguest vocals on \"Blue Collar Man @ 2120\" Production Gary Loizzoproducer, engineer, remixing Derek Downing, John Maschoff, Mike Pierceassistant engineers Dan Stoutmastering at Colossal Mastering, Chicago Charts References External links \"I am the Walrus\" video by Styx at YouTube Styx - Big Bang Theory (2005) album review by Rob Theakston, credits & releases at AllMusic.com Styx - Big Bang Theory (2005) album releases & credits at Discogs.com Styx - Big Bang Theory (2005) album to be listened as stream at Spotify.com 2005 albums Covers albums Styx (band) albums Frontiers Records albums", "title": "Big Bang Theory (Styx album)" }, { "docid": "46242766", "text": "Rainbow gravity (or \"gravity's rainbow\") is a theory that different wavelengths of light experience different gravity levels and are separated in the same way that a prism splits white light into the rainbow. This phenomenon would be imperceptible in areas of relatively low gravity, such as Earth, but would be significant in areas of extremely high gravity, such as a black hole. As such the theory claims to disprove that the universe has a beginning or Big Bang, as the big bang theory calls for all wavelengths of light to be impacted by gravity to the same extent. The theory was first proposed in 2003 by physicists Lee Smolin and João Magueijo, and claims to bridge the gap between general relativity and quantum mechanics. Scientists are currently attempting to detect rainbow gravity using the Large Hadron Collider. Background Rainbow gravity theory's origin is largely the product of the disparity between general relativity and quantum mechanics. More specifically, \"locality,\" or the concept of cause and effect that drives the principles of general relativity, is mathematically irreconcilable with quantum mechanics. This issue is due to incompatible functions between the two fields; in particular, the fields apply radically different mathematical approaches in describing the concept of curvature in four-dimensional space-time. Historically, this mathematical split begins with the disparity between Einstein's theories of relativity, which saw physics through the lens of causality, and classical physics, which interpreted the structure of space-time to be random and inherent. The prevailing notion about cosmic change is that the universe is expanding at a constantly accelerating rate; moreover, it is understood that as one traces the universe's history backwards one finds that it was, at one point, far denser. If true, the Rainbow gravity theory prohibits a singularity such as that which is postulated in the Big Bang. This indicates that, when viewed in reverse, the universe slowly approaches a point of terminal density without ever reaching it, implying that the universe does not possess a point of origin. Criticism There are stringent constraints on energy-dependent speed-of-light scenarios. Based on these, Sabine Hossenfelder has strongly criticised the rainbow gravity concept, stating that \"It is neither a theory nor a model, it is just an idea that, despite more than a decade of work, never developed into a proper model. Rainbow gravity has not been shown to be compatible with the standard model. There is no known quantization of this approach and one cannot describe interactions in this framework at all. Moreover, it is known to lead to non-localities which are ruled out already. For what I am concerned, no papers should get published on the topic until these issues have been resolved.\" See also Steady-state model Eternal inflation Cyclic model References Physical cosmology Astrophysics theories Theories of gravity", "title": "Rainbow gravity theory" }, { "docid": "72778776", "text": "\"The Casino\" is the fourth episode of the third season of the American mockumentary comedy horror television series What We Do in the Shadows, set in the franchise of the same name. It is the 24th overall episode of the series and was written by Sarah Naftalis, and directed by co-executive producer Yana Gorskaya. It was released on FX on September 16, 2021. The series is set in Staten Island, New York City. Like the 2014 film, the series follows the lives of vampires in the city. These consist of three vampires, Nandor, Laszlo, and Nadja. They live alongside Colin Robinson, an energy vampire; and Guillermo, Nandor's familiar. The series explores the absurdity and misfortunes experienced by the vampires. In the episode, the vampires accompany Sean on a trip to Atlantic City, New Jersey. According to Nielsen Media Research, the episode was seen by an estimated 0.462 million household viewers and gained a 0.13 ratings share among adults aged 18–49. The episode received critical acclaim, with critics praising the humor, writing, and character development. The episode received a nomination for Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series at the 74th Primetime Emmy Awards. Plot For their 20th wedding anniversary, Sean (Anthony Atamanuik) and Charmaine (Marissa Jaret Winokur) have organized a getaway group trip to Atlantic City, New Jersey, inviting the vampires to accompany them. The vampires are forced to take their ancestral soil from their coffins, as they can lose their powers without it, having to place it under their respective beds. At the casino hotel, Nandor (Kayvan Novak) tells the vampires to stop treating Guillermo (Harvey Guillén) like a familiar, instead integrating him as part of \"the family.\" As Guillermo begins to open up about his family background, the vampires leave to join Sean at the casino. Nadja (Natasia Demetriou), having met with the original Rat Pack, mistakes a group of performers as the original group. Nandor gets obsessed over a The Big Bang Theory slot machine, being forced to leave when Guillermo tells him the sunrise is nearing. However, the vampires are unable to sleep, eventually discovering that their ancestral soil is gone. It is revealed that Colin Robinson (Mark Proksch) was distracted by a casino infomercial, failing to notice the housekeeper vacuuming the soil. Without resting, their powers will slowly fade. Nandor assigns Guillermo to travel to Europe to recover soil from their birthplaces, with Laszlo (Matt Berry) forced to ask Sean for the travel money as his hypnosis does not work. He later feels bad when he realizes the money may caused Sean's financial ruin. While Guillermo leaves for London, Antipaxos and Southern Iran, the vampire struggle to keep their energy. While using the slot machine, Nandor wonders about the series' title, unaware of the Big Bang. Colin Robinson explains heliocentrism, which disturbs Nandor, as he always believed in the World Turtle theory. This causes Nandor to fall into an existential crisis, questioning his role in the universe. Guillermo returns with the soil, which allows the vampires", "title": "The Casino (What We Do in the Shadows)" }, { "docid": "4006167", "text": "Eternal inflation is a hypothetical inflationary universe model, which is itself an outgrowth or extension of the Big Bang theory. According to eternal inflation, the inflationary phase of the universe's expansion lasts forever throughout most of the universe. Because the regions expand exponentially rapidly, most of the volume of the universe at any given time is inflating. Eternal inflation, therefore, produces a hypothetically infinite multiverse, in which only an insignificant fractal volume ends inflation. Paul Steinhardt, one of the original researchers of the inflationary model, introduced the first example of eternal inflation in 1983, and Alexander Vilenkin showed that it is generic. Alan Guth's 2007 paper, \"Eternal inflation and its implications\", states that under reasonable assumptions \"Although inflation is generically eternal into the future, it is not eternal into the past.\" Guth detailed what was known about the subject at the time, and demonstrated that eternal inflation was still considered the likely outcome of inflation, more than 20 years after eternal inflation was first introduced by Steinhardt. Overview Development of the theory Inflation, or the inflationary universe theory, was originally developed as a way to overcome the few remaining problems with what was otherwise considered a successful theory of cosmology, the Big Bang model. In 1979, Alan Guth introduced the inflationary model of the universe to explain why the universe is flat and homogeneous (which refers to the smooth distribution of matter and radiation on a large scale). The basic idea was that the universe underwent a period of rapidly accelerating expansion a few instants after the Big Bang. He offered a mechanism for causing the inflation to begin: false vacuum energy. Guth coined the term \"inflation,\" and was the first to discuss the theory with other scientists worldwide. Guth's original formulation was problematic, as there was no consistent way to bring an end to the inflationary epoch and end up with the hot, isotropic, homogeneous universe observed today. Although the false vacuum could decay into empty \"bubbles\" of \"true vacuum\" that expanded at the speed of light, the empty bubbles could not coalesce to reheat the universe, because they could not keep up with the remaining inflating universe. In 1982, this \"graceful exit problem\" was solved independently by Andrei Linde and by Andreas Albrecht and Paul J. Steinhardt who showed how to end inflation without making empty bubbles and, instead, end up with a hot expanding universe. The basic idea was to have a continuous \"slow-roll\" or slow evolution from false vacuum to true without making any bubbles. The improved model was called \"new inflation.\" In 1983, Paul Steinhardt was the first to show that this \"new inflation\" does not have to end everywhere. Instead, it might only end in a finite patch or a hot bubble full of matter and radiation, and that inflation continues in most of the universe while producing hot bubble after hot bubble along the way. Alexander Vilenkin showed that when quantum effects are properly included, this is actually generic to all new inflation", "title": "Eternal inflation" }, { "docid": "2796220", "text": "The Big Bang was, according to the prevailing cosmological theory of the universe's early development, the event that led to the formation of the universe. Big Bang may also refer to: Science Big Bang nucleosynthesis, the production of certain hydrogen isotopes early in the universe's existence Cold Big Bang, an alternative theory in which the start of the universe is at absolute zero Arts, entertainment, and media Films Big Bang (film), a 2007 Korean film by Jeong-woo Park The Big Bang (1987 film), also referred to as Le Big-Bang, an X-rated animated science fiction fantasy film, directed by Picha The Big Bang (1989 film), a documentary by James Toback The Big Bang (2011 film), a thriller starring Sienna Guillory and Antonio Banderas The Big Bang (2019 film), a Malayalam-language short film Music Groups Big Bang (British band), a British electronic synthpop duo formed in 1988 Bigbang (Norwegian band), a Norwegian rock trio formed in 1992 BigBang (South Korean band), a South Korean boy band formed in 2006 Albums Big Bang (single album), eponymous single album by the South Korean boy band Big Bang (BigBang album), eponymous Japanese-language studio album by the South Korean boy band Big Bang (Los Enanitos Verdes album), 1994 Big Bang (Magdallan album), 1992 Big Bang (Os Paralamas do Sucesso album), 1989 Big Bang (Waltari album), 1995 Big Bang!, a 1989 album by Fuzzbox Big Bang!!!, an album by Shoko Nakagawa The Big Bang (Busta Rhymes album), 2006 The Big Bang (Dom & Roland album), 2011 The Big Bang!: Best of the MC5, a 2000 album by MC5 The Big Bang – The Essential Collection, an album by TNT Songs \"Big Bang\", a song by Bad Religion from No Control \"Big Bang\", a song by Cursive from Happy Hollow \"Big Bang\", a 2007 song by Les Horribles Cernettes \"The Big Bang\" (song), a 2010 song by Rock Mafia \"The Big Bang\", a song by Godley & Creme from Goodbye Blue Sky \"The Big Bang\", a song by Johnny Mandel from soundtrack for Caddyshack Television The Big Bang (TV series), a children's TV science programme shown on ITV from 1996 to 2004 \"The Big Bang\" (Atlanta), 2016 \"The Big Bang\" (Charlie Jade), 2005 \"The Big Bang\" (Doctor Who), 2010 Other uses in arts, entertainment, and media Big Bang (Singh book), a 2004 book by Simon Singh about the cosmological model Big Bang (novel), a 2019 novel by David Bowman Big Bang, a game mode in the puzzle video game Puyo Puyo Tetris Big Bang Comics, Gary Carlson and Chris Ecker's retro-style comic book Hublot Big Bang, a wristwatch Big-Bang Cannon, a toy The Big Bang, an event in Fortnite: Battle Royale Events Big Bang (comics), a Milestone Comics event Big Bang (financial markets), the deregulation of financial markets in the United Kingdom in 1986 The Big Bang Fair, or The Big Bang UK Young Scientists and Engineers Fair, a celebration of science, technology, engineering and maths for young people Operation Big Bang, \"British Bang\" or \"Big Bang\"; one", "title": "Big Bang (disambiguation)" }, { "docid": "40836275", "text": "The cosmic age problem was a historical problem in astronomy concerning the age of the universe. The problem was that at various times in the 20th century, the universe was estimated to be younger than the oldest observed stars. Estimates of the universe's age came from measurements of the current expansion rate of the universe, the Hubble constant , as well as cosmological models relating to the universe's matter and energy contents (see the Friedmann equations). Issues with measuring as well as not knowing about the existence of dark energy led to spurious estimates of the age. Additionally, objects such as galaxies, stars, and planets could not have existed in the extreme temperatures and densities shortly after the Big Bang. Since around 1997–2003, the problem is believed to have been solved by most cosmologists: modern cosmological measurements lead to a precise estimate of the age of the universe (i.e. time since the Big Bang) of 13.8 billion years, and recent age estimates for the oldest objects are either younger than this, or consistent allowing for measurement uncertainties. Historical development Early years Following theoretical developments of the Friedmann equations by Alexander Friedmann and Georges Lemaître in the 1920s, and the discovery of the expanding universe by Edwin Hubble in 1929, it was immediately clear that tracing this expansion backwards in time predicts that the universe had almost zero size at a finite time in the past. This concept, initially known as the \"Primeval Atom\" by Lemaitre, was later elaborated into the modern Big Bang theory. If the universe had expanded at a constant rate in the past, the age of the universe now (i.e. the time since the Big Bang) is simply proportional to the inverse of the Hubble constant, often known as the Hubble time. For Big Bang models with zero cosmological constant and positive matter density, the actual age must be somewhat younger than this Hubble time; typically the age would be between 66% and 90% of the Hubble time, depending on the density of matter. Hubble's early estimate of his constant was 550 (km/s)/Mpc, and the inverse of that is 1.8 billion years. It was believed by many geologists such as Arthur Holmes in the 1920s that the Earth was probably over 2 billion years old, but with large uncertainty. The possible discrepancy between the ages of the Earth and the universe was probably one motivation for the development of the Steady State theory in 1948 as an alternative to the Big Bang; in the (now obsolete) steady state theory, the universe is infinitely old and on average unchanging with time. The steady state theory postulated spontaneous creation of matter to keep the average density constant as the universe expands, and therefore most galaxies still have an age less than 1/H0. However, if H0 had been 550 (km/s)/Mpc, our Milky Way galaxy would be exceptionally large compared to most other galaxies, so it could well be much older than an average galaxy, therefore eliminating the age problem. 1950–1970", "title": "Cosmic age problem" }, { "docid": "10030613", "text": "Melissa Ivy Rauch (born June 23, 1980) is an American actress. She is known for playing Bernadette Rostenkowski-Wolowitz on the CBS sitcom The Big Bang Theory, for which she was nominated for the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series in 2013. From 2004 to 2008, Rauch worked as a regular contributor on the VH1 series Best Week Ever. Rauch's other acting credits include playing Tina on the American remake of Kath & Kim, Summer on the HBO fantasy horror drama True Blood, and currently plays the lead role on NBC's revival of Night Court. Rauch also starred in, co-wrote, and co-produced the 2015 sports comedy-drama film The Bronze and provided the voice of DC character Harley Quinn in the 2017 animated film Batman and Harley Quinn. Rauch also had supporting roles in I Love You, Man (2009), Ice Age: Collision Course and Flock of Dudes (both 2016), and Ode to Joy and The Laundromat (both 2019). Early life Rauch was born to Susan and David Rauch, a Jewish family living in Marlboro Township, New Jersey. She has a younger brother, Ben. She developed an interest in acting while attending Marlboro High School. Her Bat Mitzvah had a \"Melissa’s Comedy Club\" theme. Rauch graduated from Marymount Manhattan College in New York City in 2002. Career Some of Rauch's early work was as a regular contributor to VH1's Best Week Ever television show. In 2009, Rauch began playing the recurring role of Bernadette Rostenkowski-Wolowitz, a co-worker of Penny's at The Cheesecake Factory who began to date Howard Wolowitz, in the third season of TV's The Big Bang Theory. The following season, her character became Howard's fiancée, and Rauch was promoted to a series regular. The characters married in the season five finale. In December 2011, Rauch and fellow cast members of The Big Bang Theory received the first of four nominations for the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series. Other acting credits include True Blood (in which she had a recurring role in 2010 as Summer, a girl who likes Hoyt), The Office, the American remake of the Australian TV series Kath & Kim, Wright v Wrong, and the film I Love You, Man. Rauch is also part of the comedic stage show The Realest Real Housewives cast with Casey Wilson, June Diane Raphael, Jessica St. Clair and Danielle Schneider. The show began running at the Upright Citizens Brigade Theatre in 2011. Rauch co-wrote and co-produced the film The Bronze, in which she starred as Hope Ann Greggory, a bronze medal-winning gymnast clinging to her glory days of 12 years earlier. It opened the 2015 Sundance Film Festival. Variety said, \"Rauch, who co-wrote the screenplay with her husband Winston, has never carried a film before. But she delivers the best breakthrough comedic performance by an actress since Melissa McCarthy in Bridesmaids.\" Sony Pictures Classics acquired the film in September 2015. In 2017, Rauch voiced Harley Quinn in the", "title": "Melissa Rauch" }, { "docid": "26192499", "text": "David Paul Saltzberg is an experimental particle physicist and a professor at the University of California, Los Angeles, who is known for his science consultancy work on various television shows and films, such as The Big Bang Theory, Manhattan and Oppenheimer. His research involves high-energy collider physics and the radio detection of cosmic neutrinos, and in 2018, he was inducted as a fellow of the American Physical Society. Early life and career Saltzberg earned a bachelor's degree in physics in 1989 from Princeton University and a Ph.D. in physics from the University of Chicago in 1994. From 1995 to 1997, he worked at CERN in Switzerland. Saltzberg served as the chair of the UCLA physics and astronomy department from 2018 to 2022. Scientific consultancy Saltzberg was a technical director for the CBS comedy The Big Bang Theory. In addition to reviewing and correcting scripts with technical errors, Saltzberg added complex formulas to whiteboards on set. He also arranged for established scientists to visit the set of The Big Bang Theory through his \"Geek of the Week\" program. Saltzberg also served as a science consultant on the WGN America series Manhattan, and the 2023 film Oppenheimer. Honors and awards Saltzberg received a Sloan Fellowship, NSF Career Award, and Department of Energy Outstanding Junior Investigator Award while an assistant professor. In 2015, the asteroid 8628 Davidsaltzberg was named after him. In 2018, Saltzberg was inducted as a fellow of the American Physical Society for \"multiple contributions to hadron collider physics research; and for searches for PeV-ZeV astrophysical neutrinos, including accelerator experiments to establish the existence and viability of the Askaryan effect for this purpose\". In 2023, Saltzberg, together with Peter Gorham, a professor from the University of Hawaii, was awarded the Division of Particles & Fields (DPF) Instrumentation Award from the American Physical Society. The award was given for their work on methodologies used to detect high-energy particle cascades based on the Askaryan effect, which was subsequently used in the search for petaelectronvolt (PeV) and exaelectronvolt (EeV) astrophysical neutrinos. References External links Profile at UCLA Physics & Astronomy department Saltzberg's blog discussing science behind each Big Bang Theory episode Living people Year of birth missing (living people) Place of birth missing (living people) 21st-century American physicists Princeton University alumni University of Chicago alumni University of California, Los Angeles faculty People associated with CERN Sloan Research Fellows Fellows of the American Physical Society", "title": "David Saltzberg" }, { "docid": "29517393", "text": "Brian Patrick Wade (born June 9, 1978) is an American actor and physical trainer, best known for his television roles as Capt. Craig Schwetje in the mini-series Generation Kill, as Kurt (Penny's former love interest) in The Big Bang Theory, and as the Alpha Werewolf Ennis on Teen Wolf. Career Wade made his debut in 2002 as an exotic dancer on CSI: Miami. He later appeared in the films Latter Days and The Guardian. He later appeared on television in episodes of Two and a Half Men, Sabrina, the Teenage Witch, NCIS, Las Vegas, Surface, 'Til Death, The Closer, The Game, and Teen Wolf. He appeared in episodes of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. portraying Carl \"Crusher\" Creel, also known as the Absorbing Man. Filmography Film Television References External links 1978 births Living people American male film actors American male television actors American male models American exercise instructors 21st-century American male actors Place of birth missing (living people)", "title": "Brian Patrick Wade" }, { "docid": "12358791", "text": "One with Everything is a live album and concert video by the rock band Styx, which was recorded and professionally filmed in Cleveland, Ohio during their 2006 tour. The band played with the Contemporary Youth Orchestra, playing a set of 16 songs, including three songs from their 2005 studio album Big Bang Theory. Both an album and a DVD were released, with the Blu-ray Disc on April 29, 2009. As with many of the live releases post-Dennis DeYoung, this album does not contain any Dennis DeYoung penned or sung songs. CD release The CD contains 13 songs, including two new songs, \"Just Be\", which is a studio recording, and \"Everything All the Time\", which is performed live. CD track listing \"Blue Collar Man (Long Nights)\" (Shaw) \"One with Everything\" (Burtnik, Gowan, Shaw, Sucherman, Young) \"It Don't Make Sense (You Can't Make Peace)\" (Dixon) \"I Am the Walrus\" (Lennon–McCartney) \"Just Be\" (Studio Version) (Gowan, Phillips, Shaw, Sucherman, Young) \"Fooling Yourself (The Angry Young Man)\" (Shaw) \"A Criminal Mind\" (Gowan) \"Everything All the Time\" (Gowan, Phillips, Shaw, Sucherman, Young) \"Too Much Time on My Hands\" (Shaw) \"Crystal Ball\" (Shaw) \"Miss America\" (Young) \"Boat on the River\" (Shaw) \"Renegade\" (Shaw) DVD release Region 1 DVD track listing \"Blue Collar Man (Long Nights)\" \"Lorelei\" \"One With Everything\" \"It Don't Make Sense (You Can't Make Peace)\" \"I Am the Walrus\" \"Just Be\" \"Everything All the Time\" \"Crystal Ball\" \"Miss America\" \"A Criminal Mind\" \"Too Much Time On My Hands\" \"Boat on the River\" \"I Don't Need No Doctor\" Medley: \"Put Me On/Mademoiselle/Heavy Metal Poisoning/Midnight Ride/Sing for the Day/Shooz/Queen of Spades/Great White Hope/Half-Penny, Two-Penny/Borrowed Time/Superstars/Rockin' the Paradise/Lights/Man in the Wilderness/Put Me On (Reprise)/The Grand Finale/Mr. Roboto\" \"Fooling Yourself (The Angry Young Man)\" \"Renegade\" \"Finale\" Region 2 DVD track listing \"Blue Collar Man (Long Nights)\" \"Lorelei\" \"One With Everything\" \"It Don't Make Sense (You Can't Make Peace)\" \"Can't Find My Way Home\" \"I Am the Walrus\" \"Just Be\" \"Everything All the Time\" \"Crystal Ball\" \"Miss America\" \"A Criminal Mind\" \"Too Much Time On My Hands\" \"Boat on the River\" \"I Don't Need No Doctor\" Medley: \"Put Me On\" / \"Mademoiselle\" / \"Heavy Metal Poisoning\" / \"Midnight Ride\" / \"Sing for the Day\" / \"Shooz\" / \"Queen of Spades\" / \"Great White Hope\" / \"Half Penny Two Penny\" / \"Borrowed Time\" / \"Superstars\" / \"Rockin' the Paradise\" / \"Lights\" / \"Man in the Wilderness\" / \"Put Me On (Reprise)\" / \"The Grand Finale\" \"Fooling Yourself (The Angry Young Man)\" \"Renegade/Finale\" Bonus Christmas Songs \"All I Want\" \"Ring the Bells\" Personnel Tommy Shaw- guitar, mandolin, vocals James Young- guitar, vocals Lawrence Gowan- keyboards, vocals Ricky Phillips- bass, rhythm guitar, backing vocals Chuck Panozzo- bass Todd Sucherman- drums Liza Grossman - Conductor Contemporary Youth Orchestra References Live video albums 2006 live albums 2006 video albums Styx (band) live albums Styx (band) video albums Frontiers Records live albums Frontiers Records video albums", "title": "One with Everything: Styx and the Contemporary Youth Orchestra" }, { "docid": "206122", "text": "The Big Crunch is a hypothetical scenario for the ultimate fate of the universe, in which the expansion of the universe eventually reverses and the universe recollapses, ultimately causing the cosmic scale factor to reach zero, an event potentially followed by a reformation of the universe starting with another Big Bang. The vast majority of evidence indicates that this hypothesis is not correct. Instead, astronomical observations show that the expansion of the universe is accelerating rather than being slowed by gravity, suggesting that a Big Chill is more likely. However, some physicists have proposed that a \"Big Crunch-style\" event could result from a dark energy fluctuation. The theory dates back to 1922, with Russian physicist Alexander Friedmann creating a set of equations showing that the end of the universe depends on its density. It could either expand or contract rather than stay stable. With enough matter, gravity could stop the universe's expansion and eventually reverse it. This reversal would result in the universe collapsing on itself, not too dissimilar to a black hole. The ending of the Big Crunch would get filled with radiation from stars and high-energy particles; when this is condensed and blueshifted to higher energy, it would be intense enough to ignite the surface of stars before they collide. In the final moments, the universe would be one large fireball with a temperature of infinity, and at the absolute end, neither time, nor space would remain. Overview The Big Crunch scenario hypothesized that the density of matter throughout the universe is sufficiently high that gravitational attraction will overcome the expansion which began with the Big Bang. The FLRW cosmology can predict whether the expansion will eventually stop based on the average energy density, Hubble parameter, and cosmological constant. If the expansion stopped, then contraction will inevitably follow, accelerating as time passes and finishing the universe in a kind of gravitational collapse, turning the universe into a black hole. Experimental evidence in the late 1990s and early 2000s (namely the observation of distant supernovas as standard candles; and the well-resolved mapping of the cosmic microwave background) led to the conclusion that the expansion of the universe is not getting slowed by gravity but is instead accelerating. The 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to researchers who contributed to this discovery. The Big Crunch theory also leads into another hypothesis known as the Big Bounce, in which after the big crunch destroys the universe, it does a sort of bounce, causing another big bang. This could potentially repeat forever in a phenomenon known as a cyclic universe. History Richard Bentley, a churchman, and a scholar, in preparation for a lecture on Newton's theories and the rejection of atheism, sent a letter out to Sir Isaac Newton, \"If we're in a finite universe and all stars attract each other together, would they not all collapse to a singular point, and if we're in an infinite universe with infinite stars, would infinite forces in every direction not affect all of", "title": "Big Crunch" }, { "docid": "35523998", "text": "The initial singularity is a singularity predicted by some models of the Big Bang theory to have existed before the Big Bang. The instant immediately following the initial singularity is part of the Planck epoch, the earliest period of time in the history of our universe. Traditional models of our universe The use of only general relativity to predict what happened in the beginnings of the universe has been heavily criticized, as quantum mechanics becomes a significant factor in the high-energy environment of the earliest stage of the universe, and general relativity on its own fails to make accurate predictions. In response to the inaccuracy of considering only general relativity, as in the traditional model of the Big Bang, alternative theoretical formulations for the beginning of the universe have been proposed, including a string theory-based model in which two branes, enormous membranes much larger than the universe, collided, creating mass and energy. Although there is no direct evidence for a singularity of infinite density, the cosmic microwave background is evidence that the universe expanded from a very hot, dense state. Alternatives to the singularity Various new models of what preceded and caused the Big Bang have been proposed as a result of the problems created by quantum mechanics. One model, using loop quantum gravity, aims to explain the beginnings of the universe through a series of Big Bounces, in which quantum fluctuations cause the universe to expand. This use of loop quantum gravity also predicts a cyclic model of universes, with a new universe being created after an old one is destroyed, each with different physical constants. These proposals have been criticized as inconsistent with the Borde-Guth-Vilenkin theorem, however their modifications with only one bounce (as opposed to cyclic series of bounces) circumvent this problem (particularly if the contracting phase is empty, i.e. compactified Milne, and (2+1)-dimensional, due to the inherent stabilizing rigidity of vacuum in this case). Another possibility based on M-theory and observations of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) states that the universe is but one of many in a multiverse, and has budded off from another universe (e.g., one that macroscopically looks like static empty space) as a result of quantum fluctuations such as quantum foam, as opposed to our universe being all that exists. References Big Bang Physical cosmology", "title": "Initial singularity" }, { "docid": "54244", "text": "A gravitational singularity, spacetime singularity or simply singularity is a condition in which gravity is predicted to be so intense that spacetime itself would break down catastrophically. As such, a singularity is by definition no longer part of the regular spacetime and cannot be determined by \"where\" or \"when\". Gravitational singularities exist at a junction between general relativity and quantum mechanics; therefore, the properties of the singularity cannot be described without an established theory of quantum gravity. Trying to find a complete and precise definition of singularities in the theory of general relativity, the current best theory of gravity, remains a difficult problem. A singularity in general relativity can be defined by the scalar invariant curvature becoming infinite or, better, by a geodesic being incomplete. Gravitational singularities are mainly considered in the context of general relativity, where density would become infinite at the center of a black hole without corrections from quantum mechanics, and within astrophysics and cosmology as the earliest state of the universe during the Big Bang. Physicists have not reached a consensus about what actually happens at the extreme densities predicted by singularities (including at the start of the Big Bang). General relativity predicts that any object collapsing beyond a certain point (for stars this is the Schwarzschild radius) would form a black hole, inside which a singularity (covered by an event horizon) would be formed. The Penrose–Hawking singularity theorems define a singularity to have geodesics that cannot be extended in a smooth manner. The termination of such a geodesic is considered to be the singularity. Modern theory asserts that the initial state of the universe, at the beginning of the Big Bang, was a singularity. In this case, the universe did not collapse into a black hole, because currently-known calculations and density limits for gravitational collapse are usually based upon objects of relatively constant size, such as stars, and do not necessarily apply in the same way to rapidly expanding space such as the Big Bang. Neither general relativity nor quantum mechanics can currently describe the earliest moments of the Big Bang, but in general, quantum mechanics does not permit particles to inhabit a space smaller than their wavelengths. Interpretation Many theories in physics have mathematical singularities of one kind or another. Equations for these physical theories predict that the ball of mass of some quantity becomes infinite or increases without limit. This is generally a sign for a missing piece in the theory, as in the ultraviolet catastrophe, re-normalization, and instability of a hydrogen atom predicted by the Larmor formula. In classical field theories, including special relativity but not general relativity, one can say that a solution has a singularity at a particular point in spacetime where certain physical properties become ill-defined, with spacetime serving as a background field to locate the singularity. A singularity in general relativity, on the other hand, is more complex because spacetime itself becomes ill-defined, and the singularity is no longer part of the regular spacetime manifold. In general relativity,", "title": "Gravitational singularity" }, { "docid": "15047289", "text": "Laura Préjean (born 1978) is a French actress who is the daughter of actor Patrick Préjean and the granddaughter of actors Albert Préjean and Lysiane Rey. Biography Dubbing roles Television animation Argai: The Prophecy (Angéle) American Dragon: Jake Long (Rose (Mae Whitman)) Avatar: The Last Airbender (Katara (Mae Whitman)) Love Hina (Mitsune \"Kitsune\" Konno (Junko Noda)) As Told by Ginger (Miranda Killgallen (Cree Summer)) Teen Titans (Terra (Ashley Johnson)) Totally Spies! (GLADYS) My Life as a Teenage Robot (Jenny Wakeman/XJ-9 (Janice Kawaye)) Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug & Cat Noir (Socqueline Wang) Theatrical animation Howl's Moving Castle (Young Sophie (Chieko Baisho)) Live action The Butterfly Effect (Kayley Miller (Amy Smart)) Charlie's Angels (Dylan Sanders (Drew Barrymore)) Charlie's Angels: Full Throttle (Dylan Sanders (Drew Barrymore)) Constantine (Angela and Isabel Dodson (Rachel Weisz)) Coyote Ugly (Cammie (Izabella Miko)) Hitch (Allegra Cole (Amber Valletta)) The Mummy (Evelyn Carnahan (Rachel Weisz)) The Mummy Returns (Evelyn Carnahan (Rachel Weisz)) The Good Place (Eleanor Shellstrop (Kristen Bell)) Television 2011-2014 : Joséphine, ange gardien TV Series (2 Episodes) 2007-2019 : The Big Bang Theory TV Series (Penny (Kaley Cuoco)) (279 Episodes) References French voice actresses Living people 1977 births", "title": "Laura Préjean" }, { "docid": "52257314", "text": "Jitka Moučková (born 6 July 1979) is a Czech actress and dubbing artist. She has played parts at the Musical Theatre Karlín and the National Theatre in Prague. Among other roles, she has dubbed Penny in The Big Bang Theory for Czech television audiences. Selected filmography ROMing (2007) The Devil's Bride (2011) Lída Baarová (2016) References External links 1979 births Living people Czech film actresses Czech stage actresses Czech voice actresses People from Kladno 21st-century Czech actresses", "title": "Jitka Moučková" }, { "docid": "26244469", "text": "In cosmology, recombination refers to the epoch during which charged electrons and protons first became bound to form electrically neutral hydrogen atoms. Recombination occurred about 378,000 years after the Big Bang (at a redshift of z = ). The word \"recombination\" is misleading, since the Big Bang theory doesn't posit that protons and electrons had been combined before, but the name exists for historical reasons since it was named before the Big Bang hypothesis became the primary theory of the birth of the universe. Immediately after the Big Bang, the universe was a hot, dense plasma of photons, leptons, and quarks: the quark epoch. At 10−6 seconds, the Universe had expanded and cooled sufficiently to allow for the formation of protons: the hadron epoch. This plasma was effectively opaque to electromagnetic radiation due to Thomson scattering by free electrons, as the mean free path each photon could travel before encountering an electron was very short. This is the current state of the interior of the Sun. As the universe expanded, it also cooled. Eventually, the universe cooled to the point that the formation of neutral hydrogen was energetically favored, and the fraction of free electrons and protons as compared to neutral hydrogen decreased to a few parts in 10,000. Recombination involves electrons binding to protons (hydrogen nuclei) to form neutral hydrogen atoms. Because direct recombinations to the ground state (lowest energy) of hydrogen are very inefficient, these hydrogen atoms generally form with the electrons in a high energy state, and the electrons quickly transition to their low energy state by emitting photons. Two main pathways exist: from the 2p state by emitting a Lyman-a photon – these photons will almost always be reabsorbed by another hydrogen atom in its ground state – or from the 2s state by emitting two photons, which is very slow. This production of photons is known as decoupling, which leads to recombination sometimes being called photon decoupling, but recombination and photon decoupling are distinct events. Once photons decoupled from matter, they traveled freely through the universe without interacting with matter and constitute what is observed today as cosmic microwave background radiation (in that sense, the cosmic background radiation is infrared and some red black-body radiation emitted when the universe was at a temperature of some 3000 K, redshifted by a factor of from the visible spectrum to the microwave spectrum). Recombination history of hydrogen The cosmic ionization history is generally described in terms of the free electron fraction xe as a function of redshift. It is the ratio of the abundance of free electrons to the total abundance of hydrogen (both neutral and ionized). Denoting by ne the number density of free electrons, nH that of atomic hydrogen and np that of ionized hydrogen (i.e. protons), xe is defined as Since hydrogen only recombines once helium is fully neutral, charge neutrality implies ne = np, i.e. xe is also the fraction of ionized hydrogen. Rough estimate from equilibrium theory It is possible to find a", "title": "Recombination (cosmology)" }, { "docid": "158717", "text": "The ekpyrotic universe () is a cosmological model of the early universe that explains the origin of the large-scale structure of the cosmos. The model has also been incorporated in the cyclic universe theory (or ekpyrotic cyclic universe theory), which proposes a complete cosmological history, both the past and future. Origins The original ekpyrotic model was introduced by Justin Khoury, Burt Ovrut, Paul Steinhardt and Neil Turok in 2001. Steinhardt created the name based on the Ancient Greek word ekpyrosis (ἐκπύρωσις, \"conflagration\"), which refers to a Stoic cosmological model in which the universe is caught in an eternal cycle of fiery birth, cooling and rebirth. The theory addresses the fundamental question that remains unanswered by the Big Bang inflationary model, \"What happened before the Big Bang?\" The explanation, according to the ekpyrotic theory, is that the Big Bang was actually a big bounce, a transition from a previous epoch of contraction to the present epoch of expansion. The key events that shaped our universe occurred before the bounce, and, in a cyclic version, the universe bounces at regular intervals. Applications of the theory The original ekpyrotic models relied on string theory, branes and extra dimensions, but most contemporary ekpyrotic and cyclic models use the same physical ingredients as inflationary models (quantum fields evolving in ordinary space-time). Like Big Bang cosmology, the ekpyrotic theory has accurately described essential features of our universe. It predicts a uniform, flat universe with patterns of hot spots and cold spots, in agreement with observations of the cosmic microwave background (CMB), observations confirmed to higher precision by the WMAP and Planck satellite experiments. Observation of a CMB has long been considered evidence of the Big Bang, but proponents of the ekpyrotic and cyclic theories contend that the CMB is also consistent with a Big Bounce as posited in those models. Other researchers argue that data from the Planck observations of the CMB \"significantly limit the viable parameter space of the ekpyrotic/cyclic scenarios.\" Primordial gravitational waves, if ever observed, may help scientists distinguish between various theories about the origin of the universe. Implications for cosmology An advantage of ekpyrotic and cyclic models is that they do not produce a multiverse. This is important because when the effects of quantum fluctuations are properly included in the Big Bang inflationary model, they prevent the universe from achieving the uniformity and flatness that the cosmologists are trying to explain. Instead, inflated quantum fluctuations cause the universe to break up into patches with every conceivable combination of physical properties. Instead of making clear predictions, the Big Bang inflationary theory allows any outcome, so that the properties we observe may be viewed as random chance, resulting from the particular patch of the multiverse in which the Earth resides. Most regions of the multiverse would have very different properties. Nobel laureate Steven Weinberg has suggested that if the multiverse is true, “the hope of finding a rational explanation for the precise values of quark masses and other constants of the standard model that", "title": "Ekpyrotic universe" }, { "docid": "4298363", "text": "Big Bang: The most important scientific discovery of all time and why you need to know about it is a book written by Simon Singh and published in 2004 by Fourth Estate. Big Bang chronicles the history and development of the Big Bang model of the universe, from the ancient Greek scientists who first measured the distance to the Sun to the 20th century detection of the cosmic radiation still echoing the dawn of time. The book discusses how different theories of the universe evolved, along with a personal look at the people involved. Before Big Bang theories The book takes up how the inaccuracies of the theories of Copernicus and Galileo lead them to be dismissed. Copernicus and Galileo used false arguments to persuade people that the Earth went in circles around the Sun, and that the Sun was the center of the universe. Both these statements were alien to the public at the time, and are still alien to a modern public. Only the finally mathematically correct interpretation of Johannes Kepler made the theories accepted, within a single generation. As Singh points out, the old generation must die before a new theory can be accepted. The Big Bang theory evolves In parallel to the evolution of the Big Bang theory, the book tells the personal stories of the people who played a part in advancing it, both by hypothesis and by experiment. These include Albert Einstein, for his General Relativity, Alexander Alexandrovich Friedman for first discovering that this theory led to an expanding universe, Georges Lemaître who concluded independently of Friedman discovered an expanding universe, and then that the theory must lead to an initial event of creation, which is the Big Bang theory we know today, Edwin Hubble for observing that the universe expanded, thereby confirming Friedman and Lemaître, George Gamow, Ralph Asher Alpher, Robert Herman, Martin Ryle, Arno Allan Penzias and Robert Woodrow Wilson, among many others. Another theme of the book is the scientific method itself: how serendipity, curiosity, theory and observation come together to expand our understanding of the world. One of the most interesting points in the book is how Einstein initially dismissed the theory out of hand. Such was his authority in the scientific community that none dared oppose him, thereby stifling research in this area for many years. However, when Hubble confirmed the theory, Einstein was quick to endorse both Lemaître and his theories. Reception William Grimes of The New York Times praised Singh's ability to retain the reader's entertainment and comprehension even whilst explaining difficult scientific concepts, through use of diagrams, writing and illustrations. He wrote that, \"[m]ore than the history of a single theory, [Big Bang] is an argument for the scientific method and for the illuminating power of human reason.\" References External links \"Big Bang\" web page at Simon Singh's site Big Bang at GoogleBooks 2004 non-fiction books Astronomy books Books by Simon Singh Popular physics books English-language books Cosmology books Fourth Estate books Books about the history", "title": "Big Bang (Singh book)" }, { "docid": "76197486", "text": "Shockwave cosmology is a non-standard cosmology proposed by Joel Smoller and Blake Temple in 2003. In this model, the “big bang” is an explosion inside a black hole, producing the expanding volume of space and matter that includes the observable universe. Integration with general relativity Smoller and Temple integrate shock waves into Einstein's general relativity. This produces a universe that \"looks essentially identical to the aftermath of the big bang\" according to cosmologists Barnes and Lewis. They explain that Smoller and Temple's version is distinguished from the big bang only by there being a shockwave at the leading edge of an explosion - one that, for Smoller and Temple's model, must be beyond the observable universe. However, Barnes and Lewis do not support shockwave cosmology because they see it as not testable; they point out that there is no explosion in the standard theory of the Big Bang. Current and future state of the universe From Smoller and Temple's calculations, we are still inside an expanding black hole. The configuration of 'flat' spacetime (see Minkowski space) inside a black hole, also occurs during the moments of the formation of a black hole from a collapsing star. Eventually, according to shockwave cosmology, the mass of our expanding volume of space and matter will fall in density as it expands. At some point, the event horizon of the black hole will cease to be. An outside observer will then see it appear as a white hole. The matter would then continue to expand. Alternative to dark energy In related work, Smoller, Temple, and Vogler propose that this shockwave may have resulted in our part of the universe having a lower density than that surrounding it, causing the accelerated expansion normally attributed to dark energy. They also propose that this related theory could be tested: a universe with dark energy should give a figure for the cubic correction to redshift versus luminosity C = −0.180 at a = a whereas for Smoller, Temple, and Vogler's alternative C should be positive rather than negative. They give a more precise calculation for their wave model alternative as: the cubic correction to redshift versus luminosity at a = a is C = 0.359. Comparison with standard cosmology Although shockwave cosmology produces a universe that \"looks essentially identical to the aftermath of the big bang\", cosmologists consider that it needs further development before it could be considered as a more advantageous model than the big bang theory (or standard model) in explaining the universe. In particular it would need to explain big bang nucleosynthesis, the quantitative details of the microwave background anisotropies, the Lyman-alpha forest, and galaxy surveys. References Physics Astronomy", "title": "Shockwave cosmology" } ]	[ "Hofstadter" ]
train_7082	who played gordon in last of the summer wine	[ { "docid": "17582903", "text": "Last of the Summer Wine's third series originally aired on BBC1 between 27 October 1976 and 24 December 1976. All episodes from this series were written by Roy Clarke and produced by Sydney Lotterby Five episodes were directed by Sydney Lotterby but two: the two-parter, \"The Great Boarding House Bathroom Caper\" and \"Cheering Up Gordon\", were directed by Ray Butt. Although none of the episodes from series 3 made it into the top ten programmes of the week on their initial screening, a repeat showing of the final episode, \"Isometrics and After,\" attracted 15 million viewers during a repeat screening in spring 1977. Also notable was the inclusion for the first time of a two-part episode consisting of \"The Great Boarding House Bathroom Caper\" and \"Cheering Up Gordon,\" both featuring guest appearances by Philip Jackson as Compo's nephew, Gordon. Blake Butler reprises his role from the first series as the librarian, Mr. Wainwright, before departing the show again at the end of the year. The most notable change this season, however, was the addition of Brian Wilde as the new third-man of the trio, Foggy Dewhurst, an ex-military sign painter. Wilde would play this role twice: between 1976 and 1985 and then again from 1990 until 1997, when he was forced to leave due to health problems. The third series was released on DVD in region 2 as a combined box set with series 4 on 26 July 2004. A box set featuring just series 3 was released for region 1 on 11 March 2008. Outline The trio in this series consisted of: First appearances Foggy Dewhurst (1976–1985, 1990–1997) List of episodes DVD release The box set for series 3 and 4 was released by Universal Playback in July 2004. Notes References External links Series 3 at the Internet Movie Database Last of the Summer Wine series 1976 British television seasons", "title": "Last of the Summer Wine series 3" }, { "docid": "4132803", "text": "Philip Jackson (born 18 June 1948) is an English actor. He appeared as Chief Inspector Japp in both the television series Agatha Christie's Poirot and in BBC Radio dramatisations of Poirot stories; as Melvin \"Dylan\" Bottomley in Porridge; and as Abbot Hugo, one of the recurring adversaries in the 1980s series Robin of Sherwood. Life and career Jackson was born in Retford, Nottinghamshire. He started acting while studying Drama and German at the University of Bristol, and has worked in the theatre in Leeds, Liverpool and London. His stage work includes Pozzo in Samuel Beckett's Waiting for Godot at the Queen's Theatre in the West End in 1991 and Willy Loman in Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman at the West Yorkshire Playhouse, Leeds in 2010. He was nominated for a Screen Actors Guild Award for his role in Little Voice (1998). His television appearances have included Coronation Street, Robin of Sherwood, A Touch of Frost, Foyle's War, Midsomer Murders, Heartbeat, Little Britain, Hamish Macbeth, Raised by Wolves and Last of the Summer Wine. He has also appeared in the films Scum, Paul McCartney's Give My Regards to Broad Street, Brassed Off, Mike Bassett: England Manager, \"Grow Your Own\", and My Week with Marilyn. He also appeared in the music video of A-Ha's \"Take On Me\". In 2000 he appeared as Dyer/Hawksmoor in Nick Fisher (broadcaster)'s adaptation for BBC Radio 4 of Peter Ackroyd's Hawksmoor (novel), and in 2001 he starred in the BBC Radio 4 adaptation of the Petrella mysteries by Michael Gilbert, and guest-starred in the Doctor Who audio play Valhalla. In 2009 he starred as Gaynor's father Roy in the BBC Two sitcom Home Time. In a BBC Radio 4 radio adaptation of Terry Pratchett's Night Watch, he played Commander Vimes and in Pratchett's Mort, he played Death's butler/cook, Albert who is eventually revealed to be Alberto Malich. He also voiced Risda Tarkaan on the BBC radio drama version of C. S. Lewis' The Last Battle. In 2011, he read Gulliver's Travels as an audiobook, as well as Martin Cruz Smith's Three Stations for BBC Radio 4’s Book at Bedtime. In 2011, Jackson starred as Ron in the three-part BBC comedy drama series Sugartown alongside The Royle Family star Sue Johnston and actor Tom Ellis. In 2012, he appeared in the Academy Award-nominated My Week with Marilyn as Marilyn's security guard. From 2014 to 2016 he co-starred in the BBC sitcom Boomers. He plays Jaz Milvane in the Radio 4 series Ed Reardon's Week, written by Christopher Douglas and Andrew Nickolds. Personal life He is married to actress Sally Baxter, with whom he has two children. TV and filmography Porridge (1974, 1 episode) as Melvin \"Dylan\" Bottomley Last of the Summer Wine (1976, 3 episodes) as Gordon Simmonite The Brothers (1976, 1 episode) as Garage Mechanic Pennies from Heaven (1978) as Dave Scum (1979) as Greaves Sounding Brass (1980) as Arthur Mannion Coronation Street (1982) as Smithy Give My Regards to Broad Street (1984) as Alan Robin", "title": "Philip Jackson (actor)" } ]	[ { "docid": "19241530", "text": "Margaret Ollerenshaw (born 8 October 1949) is an English actress. She is known for portraying the role of Mavis in the BBC sitcom Open All Hours (1981–1982) and its sequel Still Open All Hours (2013–2019). Her other television credits include First of the Summer Wine (1988–1989), The House of Eliott (1992) and Lovejoy (1993–1994). Early life Ollerenshaw was born on 8 October 1949 in Ashton-on-Ribble, Preston, Lancashire, England to Joseph and Margaret Ollerenshaw (née Daly). Career Ollerenshaw portrayed Mrs. Violet Clegg in the short-lived series First of the Summer Wine, and became a more familiar television face after starring in The House of Eliott as Florence Ranby, a dour Victorian and head of the Eliott workroom, who died in a tragic road accident outside the Eliott's fashion house. The actress also featured as Martha in the Andrew Davies adaptation of Trollope's classic He Knew He Was Right. Her many other television credits include roles in Lovejoy, Coronation Street, Juliet Bravo, Last of The Summer Wine, Heartbeat, Holby City, One Foot In The Grave, Seaview, Teachers, Victoria Wood - As Seen On TV, The Hunt For The Yorkshire Ripper, Midsomer Murders and Wire In The Blood. Her film credits include Britannia Hospital, A Private Function, Pierrepoint and Steven Spielberg's War Horse. Her one-woman show Yours Sincerely, a musical play about Dame Vera Lynn has played in the UK and abroad. She also starred in the play Screamers at the Warehouse Theatre. Since 2014, Ollerenshaw has provided the voice of Henrietta (UK/US) in the British animated television series Thomas & Friends. She also voiced the role of The Queen in Little Princess. In 2019, she was in the television show Scarborough as Geraldine, the owner of a hair salon. Personal life Ollerenshaw married Jack Ainscough in 1969 but the marriage ended in divorce. In 2007, she married fellow actor Geoffrey Leesley. Filmography Film Television References External links 1949 births Living people 20th-century English actresses 21st-century English actresses English film actresses English stage actresses English television actresses English voice actresses Actresses from Preston, Lancashire", "title": "Maggie Ollerenshaw" }, { "docid": "21485465", "text": "Nightwing is a British rock band, originally formed in 1978 as \"Gordon and Friends\" by bassist Gordon Rowley (formerly of Strife), keyboardist Kenny Newton. and guitarist Eric Bert Percival. The original line-up was Gordon Rowley, Eric Percival, Kenny Newton and Paul Ellson. The band's line-up changed fairly consistently since its inception and, at one point, included vocalist Max Bacon (pre-Bronz), who would go on to be in the supergroup GTR and Dave Evans (formerly of the band Days of Grace and not to be confused with the first AC/DC singer of the same name). Some of the band's longer-lasting members include founding members Rowley, Newton and guitarists Alec Johnson and Glynn Porrino and drummer Steve Bartley. Seán Pugh joined the band temporarily as a second keyboard player and vocalist on some dates in the North West leg of the Something in the Air era, including Liverpool Royal Court and Blackpool. However, the experiment was abandoned due to Kenny Newton's reticence to share duties. Nightwing disbanded in 1987, with Rowley and long-time drummer Steve Bartley moving on to a short-lived band called Razorback (not to be confused with Razorback) before re-forming in the 1990s. Their most recent album, 8472, was released in 2008 by Timeline Records and the band continues to tour. Formation, Something In The Air and Black Summer Nightwing was formed when Gordon Rowley wanted to return to music, having left Strife due to a heart attack. Gordon had done some session work between leaving Strife, also turning down a spot in Rainbow in favor of forming his own band. This led to the formation of Nightwing, with keyboard player Kenny Newton, guitarist Eric Percival, and guitarist Alec Johnson as the core early line-up. With a variety of session drummers, including Paul Ellson, Steve Bartley, and John Mylett joining Rowley, Newton, Percival, and Johnson, Something in the Air was released in 1981, with \"Barrel of Pain\" by Graham Nash released as a single. For the tour and the following album, Black Summer, Steve Bartley became the full-time drummer for the band, the group playing Reading Festival and supporting Gillan. In 1982, the line-up of Rowley, Newton, Johnson, and Bartley recorded and released Black Summer, which did particularly well in Eastern Europe, where the band would do an extensive tour. Max Bacon, Stand Up and Be Counted and My Kingdom Come For their third album, Nightwing incorporated a lead vocalist into their line-up, vocal duties previously being shared predominantly between Rowley and Newton. Max Bacon joined the band in 1983 and Nightwing released Stand Up and Be Counted, from which \"Treading Water\" was released as a single. For 1984's My Kingdom Come, the band had decided to do a cover of \"Cell 151\", written by Steve Hackett (of Genesis). Hackett decided to join Nightwing in the studio to co-produce the single \"Night of Mystery\", playing additional guitar on that track as well. The album cover was painted by Roger Dean, who had also painted album covers for Yes and Asia.", "title": "Nightwing (band)" }, { "docid": "15322184", "text": "Last of the Summer Wine first series originally aired on BBC1 between 4 January 1973 and 17 December 1973. All episodes from this series were written by Roy Clarke and produced and directed by James Gilbert. The pilot episode, alternately known as \"The Last of the Summer Wine\" and \"Of Funerals and Fish,\" originally premiered on the BBC's Comedy Playhouse on 4 January 1973 \"The Last of the Summer Wine\" was the first episode of that show's fourteenth series. The pilot received a positive enough reaction that the BBC ordered a full series of episodes, premiering on 12 November 1973. Outline The trio in this series consisted of: First appearances Compo Simmonite (1973–2000) Norman Clegg (1973–2010) Cyril Blamire (1973–1975) Sid (1973–1983) Ivy (1973–2010) Nora Batty (1973–2001, 2003–2008) Episodes Pilot Regular Series 1Comedy Playhouse episode number. DVD release The first and second series were released by Universal Playback as a combined box set in September 2002. The pilot episode is not included and some episodes have been altered from their original broadcast, prompting criticism from the show's fan base, however a rerelease of the box set in 2011 had the altered episodes restored to original episodes, however the pilot still was not included in the rerelease. The pilot episode was released on the final boxset series 31 & 32 as an extra on disc four on 15 August 2016. Notes References External links Series 1 at the Internet Movie Database Last of the Summer Wine series 1973 British television seasons", "title": "Last of the Summer Wine series 1" }, { "docid": "24237813", "text": "Last of the Summer Wine's 31st and final series was aired in 2010, beginning on 25 July. All six episodes in series 31 were 30 minutes in length. All of the episodes were written by Roy Clarke and directed by Alan J. W. Bell. The series was the first in 19 years to be only six episodes long, due in part to the BBC axing the show and then recommissioning it. Actress Juliette Kaplan (Pearl) wrote on her website that the series was a result of fan response to rumours of the show's axing in December 2008, whilst director Alan J. W. Bell also credited the series to fan reaction. The series continued with the same trio from series 30, with Russ Abbot (Hobbo), Burt Kwouk (Entwistle), and Brian Murphy (Alvin). Peter Sallis (Clegg) and Frank Thornton (Truly), who were previously central characters, remained, but were now secondary characters, only taping studio scenes owing to the cost of insurance for actors of their advanced age on location. Jane Freeman (Ivy) also filmed only in-studio scenes. On 2 June 2010, the BBC announced that the 31st series would be the last, despite the show still having a loyal fan base. To commemorate the show's final appearance, the BBC broadcast Songs of Praise from Holmfirth, and a special edition of Countryfile about Holmfirth and the surrounding area (where the series was primarily filmed). The Countryfile special aired on 25 July straight after the first episode of the final series. Songs of Praise from Holmfirth aired on 29 August, the day the last ever episode was broadcast. That final episode, \"How Not to Cry at Weddings\", was dubbed \"The Very Last of the Summer Wine\" in the Radio Times edition dated 28 August – 3 September 2010. However, that title modification was not used when the episode was transmitted. The Radio Times edition also included a feature on actor Sallis, headlined \"It never occurred to me that I could be an actor\". Outline The trio in this series consisted of: Last appearances This being the last series, all twenty remaining cast characters made their final appearances. Ivy and Nelly's final appearances were in the penultimate episode, \"Look Whose Wheel's Come Off\". The remaining eighteen signed off in the final episode, \"How Not to Cry at Weddings\", most notably Norman Clegg, who appeared in every one of the 295 episodes and who spoke the last line of the series. Barring his role in Wallace and Gromit's World of Invention later in 2010, the episode was also the final acting turn for Clegg's actor Peter Sallis before his death in 2017. List of episodes DVD release The box set for series 31 was released by Universal Playback in August 2016, mislabelled as a box set for series 31 & 32. References See also Last of the Summer Wine series 2010 British television seasons", "title": "Last of the Summer Wine series 31" }, { "docid": "2217320", "text": "First of the Summer Wine is a British sitcom written by Roy Clarke that aired on BBC1. The pilot originally aired on 3 January 1988, and the first series of episodes followed from 4 September 1988. The show ran for two series of six episodes each, with the final episode airing on 8 October 1989. The pilot episode was produced and directed by Gareth Gwenlan. Both series of episodes were produced and directed by Mike Stephens. The show has never been repeated by the BBC but has occasionally been repeated on Gold. The show was broadcast in Australia on the Australian Broadcasting Corporation network in the early 1990s. First of the Summer Wine is a prequel to Clarke's long running show, Last of the Summer Wine, portraying the youth of the principal characters from the mother show in the months leading up to World War II. With the possibility of war hanging over them, the young men and women enjoy their youth while trying to find a place for themselves in the world. The show used young, mostly unknown actors to play the characters, with only two actors from the original series making an appearance in the prequel. Production With the success of Last of the Summer Wine, the BBC approved a new series which Roy Clarke would carry over characters of the original show. With the new series, Clarke hoped to show the lives of his characters as they were in the \"first summer\" of their lives, as opposed to the \"last summer\" depicted in Last of the Summer Wine. While there would still be the \"shadow of the Grim Reaper\" hanging over them, this time it would be because of World War II, not due to their old age. For the new series, Clarke used mostly young, inexperienced actors to fill the roles of the characters carried over from the original series. The actors were required to mimic the vocal characteristics and mannerisms already established in Last of the Summer Wine to create a continuity between the two series. The show features much 1920s and 1930s music, which adds to the nostalgic feel of the show. The theme tune is \"Sweet and Lovely\", sung by Al Bowlly, accompanied by Roy Fox and his Band. The recording was made in London on 18 September 1931. Characters First of the Summer Wine followed a group of young men and women, some of whom were adapted from Last of the Summer Wine, with others being specifically created for the new show. The men consisted of Paul Wyett as the scruffy and immature Compo Simmonite; David Fenwick as meek and deep-thinking Norman Clegg; Paul McLain as snobbish ladder-climber Seymour Utterthwaite; Richard Lumsden as the eager soldier Foggy Dewhurst; Gary Whitaker as the love-smitten Wally Batty; and Paul Oldham as their friend, Sherbert. The women consisted of Helen Patrick as the object of Wally's affections, Nora Renshaw; Sarah Dangerfield as Ivy; Joanne Heywood as Dilys, Judy Flynn as Lena, and Linda Davidson as", "title": "First of the Summer Wine" }, { "docid": "14768762", "text": "Jonathan Linsley (born 17 January 1956) is an English actor who made his professional debut in 1980. He appeared on television in Last of the Summer Wine as \"Crusher\" Milburn (1984–87), and his film roles include Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest and Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End, as Ogilvey aboard the ship Flying Dutchman (2006–07). Early life Linsley's father was from Ramsgate, Kent and his mother from Cockfield, County Durham; they met during the Second World War when his father was stationed with the tank regiment at Barnard Castle. Linsley was born at Bradford, and raised at Halesowen, near Birmingham, from the age of three, when his father's work dictated relocation, then at Tamworth, Staffordshire. When his father retired from industry, he bought a shop in the town of Skipton, North Yorkshire. Here Linsley attended Ermysted's Grammar School, during which time he joined the National Youth Theatre, then, despite an interest in working as an actor (encouraged by Only Fools and Horses actor Kenneth MacDonald, who directed Linsley in a play), he was persuaded by his parents to attend university; he initially read English and American Studies at the University of Warwick, but changed courses after the first year, to Theatre Studies. He was then awarded one of two available bursaries, enabling him to undertake a one-year post-graduate course at the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School. After completing his studies he entered repertory theatre at Ipswich, before getting his first television work in advertisements. He won the role of \"Crusher\" Milburn in the 1985 Last of the Summer Wine stage play, which went on a short commercial tour including the Beck Theatre at Hayes, Hillingdon, Cardiff, and Eastbourne. Television In 1984, played a chef in a sitcom called The Hello Good-bye Man on BBC with Ian Lavender. The show lasted for only one series. Shortly after this, Linsley took the role of large and strong, but dim-witted, \"Crusher\" Milburn in Last of the Summer Wine. He appeared in this role until 1987 when he elected to go on a diet. In 1989, Linsley starred as Chunky Livesey in the second and final series of the spin-off prequel First of the Summer Wine, to replace Anthony Keetch who starred as the character in the first series in 1988. Linsley also appeared as a leading character in the TV shows Emmerdale (Albert Mistlethwaite), Casualty (DC Newby), The Bill (Dennis Weaver) and The Governor (Bert Threlfall) and as a leading guest actor in many other TV shows and made-for-TV films. He has also made over 50 TV commercials. Theatre His West End career includes the comedy Up'n'Under, Roald Dahl's Matilda, Its Ralph and A Midsummer Night's Dream. He appeared in rep in many cities around Britain, and wrote for and appeared in pantomimes with various other actors. Filmography Film Television References External links New York Times listing 1956 births Living people Male actors from Bradford English male film actors English male television actors English male stage actors People educated", "title": "Jonathan Linsley" }, { "docid": "73370", "text": "Last of the Summer Wine is a British sitcom set in Yorkshire created and written by Roy Clarke and originally broadcast by the BBC from 1973 to 2010. It premiered as an episode of Comedy Playhouse on 4 January 1973, and the first series of episodes followed on 12 November 1973. Alan J. W. Bell produced and directed all episodes of the show from late 1981 to 2010. The BBC confirmed on 2 June 2010 that Last of the Summer Wine would no longer be produced and the 31st series would be its last. Subsequently, the final episode was broadcast on 29 August 2010. Since its original release, all 295 episodes, comprising thirty-one series—including the pilot and all films and specials—have been released on DVD. Repeats of the show are broadcast in the UK on BBC One (until 18 July 2010 when the 31st and final series started on 25 July of that year), Gold, Yesterday, and Drama. It is also seen in more than 25 countries, including various PBS stations in the United States and on VisionTV in Canada. With the exception of programmes 'rebooted' after long hiatuses, Last of the Summer Wine is the longest-running TV comedy programme in Britain and the longest-running TV sitcom in the world. Last of the Summer Wine was set and filmed in and around Holmfirth, West Yorkshire, England, and centred on a trio of elderly men and their youthful misadventures; the members of the trio changed many times over the years. The original trio consisted of Bill Owen as the mischievous and impulsive Compo Simmonite, Peter Sallis as easy-going everyman Norman Clegg, and Michael Bates as uptight and arrogant Cyril Blamire. When Bates dropped out due to illness in 1976 after two series, the role of the third man of the trio was filled in various years up to the 30th series by the quirky war veteran Walter C \"Foggy\" Dewhurst (Brian Wilde) (who had two lengthy stints), the eccentric inventor and ex-headmaster Seymour Utterthwaite (Michael Aldridge), and former police officer Herbert \"Truly of The Yard\" Truelove (Frank Thornton). The men never seem to grow up, and they develop a unique perspective on their equally eccentric fellow townspeople through their stunts. Although in its early years the series generally revolved around the exploits of the main trio, with occasional interaction with a few recurring characters, over time the cast grew to include a variety of supporting characters and by later years the series was very much an ensemble piece. Each of these recurring characters contributed their own running jokes and subplots to the show, often becoming reluctantly involved in the schemes of the trio, or on occasion having their own, separate storylines. After the death of Owen in 1999, Compo was replaced at various times by his real-life son, Tom Owen, as Tom Simmonite, Keith Clifford as Billy Hardcastle, a man who thought of himself as a direct descendant of Robin Hood, and Brian Murphy as the cheeky-chappy Alvin Smedley. Due to", "title": "Last of the Summer Wine" }, { "docid": "27952152", "text": "Schramsberg Vineyards is a winery located in Calistoga, California in the Napa Valley region. The vineyard, which was founded in 1862 by the German immigrant Jacob Schram, produces a series of sparkling wines using the same method as champagne. Schramsberg is considered one of the premium brands in the production of sparkling wine in California and the first U.S. wine to \"match the style and quality of the best French Champagnes\". After nearly 50 years of inactivity, Schramsberg was acquired by Jack and Jamie Davies in 1965 who began producing champagne method wine. Today, Schramsberg is managed by Hugh Davies, the youngest son of Jack and Jamie Davies. History Early history (1862–1905) In 1862, Jacob Schram purchased what would later become Schramsberg in the hills of Napa Valley with the intention of producing wine. Although Schram was born into a winemaking family, he made his living as a barber. Schram was one of a small group of early winemakers to arrive in Napa in the middle of the 19th century. Schram was born in 1826 in Pfeddersheim, Germany and came to the U.S. in 1852. Schram married Annie Weaver, also of German descent in 1859. After clearing the property, the couple began planting a variety of grapes to produce wine. In the 1870s, Schram dug cellars into hills on the property and by 1876 Schramsberg was producing 12,000 gallons. Within a few years, Schramsberg had expanded to over and was producing 12,000 cases each year. Schramsberg gained significant attention in the 1880s when it was featured in Robert Louis Stevenson's book The Silverado Squatters. Stevenson, accompanied by his new bride Fanny Vandegrift and her 12-year-old son from a previous marriage, Lloyd Osbourne, spent the late spring and early summer of 1880 honeymooning in the Napa Valley. In the book, Stevenson documented his ventures in the area and profiled several of the early pioneers who played a role in shaping the region's commerce and society. He relates that while visiting Schramsberg, he tasted eighteen different wines. Stevenson writes: \"I was interested in California wine. Indeed, I am interested in all wines and have been all my life, from the raisin wine that a school-fellow kept secreted in his play-box up to my last discovery, those notable Valtellines that once shone upon the board of Caesar... A California vineyard, one of man's outposts in the wilderness, has features of its own. There is nothing here to remind you of the Rhine or Rhone, of the low cote d'or or the infamous and scabby deserts of Champagne; but all is green, solitary, covert. We visited two of them, Mr. Schram's and Mr. McEachran's, sharing the same glen...\" Schramsberg continued to prosper through the end of the 19th century. Annie Schram died in the summer of 1901 after falling ill the previous autumn. Jacob Schram died four years later in 1905, leaving the property and the winemaking business to his son Herman Schram. Decline of Schramsberg (1905–1965) Herman attempted to continue the business but", "title": "Schramsberg Vineyards" }, { "docid": "4758559", "text": "Joseph Edward Turner (13 June 1917 – 29 August 1992) was a Yorkshire-born English actor and comedian who played dustbin man Chalky Whiteley in the soap opera Coronation Street. He also played the part of the similarly named farmer Bill Whiteley in Emmerdale from 1989 to 1990. In the late 1970s (and all the way up to the final series in 1990) he played the part of Mrs. Pumphrey's manservant Hodgekin in All Creatures Great and Small, Gordon in Open All Hours and subsequently the part of Banks in the popular 1980s sitcom Never the Twain. He also made occasional appearances in Last of the Summer Wine. He died of emphysema in 1992 at the age of 75. Filmography External links 1917 births 1992 deaths 20th-century English comedians 20th-century English male actors Deaths from cancer in England Deaths from emphysema English male comedians English male soap opera actors Comedians from Yorkshire Actors from Horsforth Male actors from Yorkshire", "title": "Teddy Turner (actor)" }, { "docid": "167027", "text": "Granville Henry \"Stick\" McGhee (March 23, 1918 – August 15, 1961) was an American jump blues guitarist, singer and songwriter, best known for his blues song \"Drinkin' Wine, Spo-Dee-O-Dee\", which he wrote with J. Mayo Williams Early life McGhee was born in Knoxville, Tennessee, and grew up in Kingsport, Tennessee. He received his nickname when he was a child. He used a stick to push a wagon carrying his older brother Brownie McGhee, who had contracted polio. Granville began playing the guitar when he was thirteen years old. After his freshman year he dropped out of high school and worked with his father at the Eastman Kodak subsidiary, Tennessee Eastman Company in Kingsport. In 1940, Granville quit his job and moved to Portsmouth, Virginia, and then to New York City. He entered the military in 1942 and served in the U.S. Army during World War II. After being discharged in 1946, he settled in New York. Entertainment career In the military, McGhee often played his guitar. One of the songs he performed was \"Drinkin' Wine, Spo-Dee-O-Dee\". The original lyrics of the song were as follows: Drinkin’ that mess is our delight, And when we get drunk, start fightin’ all night. Knockin’ out windows and tearin’ down doors, Drinkin’ half-gallons and callin’ for more. Drinkin’ wine motherfucker, drinkin’ wine! Goddam! Drinkin’ wine motherfucker, drinkin’ wine! Goddam! Drinkin’ wine motherfucker, drinkin’ wine! Goddam! Pass that bottle to me!\" It was one of the earliest prototypical rock-and-roll songs. Cover versions were recorded by Wynonie Harris, Lionel Hampton, Big John Greer, Johnny Burnette, Jerry Lee Lewis, and Mike Bloomfield's Electric Flag (as \"Wine\"). The song lent its name to the alcoholic fruit drink spodi. In 1946 Granville and Brownie McGhee wrote a version of the song that didn't use profanity. Harlem Records released the new version in January 1947. It sold for 49 cents. It did not get much airplay until two years later, when Stick re-created the song for Atlantic Records. It was on the Billboard R&B chart for almost half a year, rising to number 2, where it stayed for four weeks. Numerous cover versions of his songs were recorded over the years. The first cover was by Lionel Hampton, featuring Sonny Parker; next was a cover by Wynonie Harris, followed by a hillbilly-bop version by Loy Gordon & His Pleasant Valley Boys. \"Drinkin' Wine, Spo-Dee-O-Dee\" continued to be popular throughout the 1950s in cover versions by various artists, including Malcolm Yelvington in 1954, Johnny Burnette in 1957, and Jerry Lee Lewis in 1959. McGhee continued to make records for Atlantic and created popular songs such as \"Tennessee Waltz Blues\", \"Drank Up All the Wine Last Night\", \"Venus Blues\", \"Let's Do It\", and \"One Monkey Don't Stop No Show\", but his music career overall was not successful. McGhee moved from Atlantic to Essex Records, for which he recorded \"My Little Rose\". The record was not commercially successful, so he moved to King Records in 1953. There he recorded a number of rock-and-roll", "title": "Stick McGhee" }, { "docid": "8177682", "text": "Stanley Harvey Lebor (24 September 1934 – 22 November 2014) was an English actor. He was best known for his roles as Howard Hughes in the 1980s BBC TV comedy series Ever Decreasing Circles, the Mongon Doctor in Flash Gordon (1980), and as RSM Lord in A Bridge Too Far (1977). Before this he was better known for villainous roles in series such as Jason King and The Tomorrow People. Life Lebor was born in East Ham, London. He studied acting at RADA in London. In 1961 he joined the Radio Drama Company by winning the Carleton Hobbs Bursary. He appeared in Minder in the Series 1 episode The Bengal Tiger, The Naked Civil Servant, Ever Decreasing Circles, Tarka the Otter, Gandhi, Grange Hill, 'Allo 'Allo!, Superman IV: The Quest for Peace and Last of the Summer Wine. In 1986 he acted with Lynda Baron in a party political broadcast for the SDP–Liberal Alliance. Filmography The Deadly Affair (1966) – Lancaster (in \"Edward II\") (uncredited) Oh! What a Lovely War (1969) – Soldier in Gassed Trench (uncredited) Arthur? Arthur! (1969) – Analyst Crossplot (1969) – First policeman Up the Front (1972) – Blitzen Nothing But the Night (1973) – Policeman Soft Beds, Hard Battles (1974) – 1st Gestapo Agent I Don't Want to Be Born (1975) – Police Sergeant Hennessy (1975) – Hawk The Naked Civil Servant (1975) – Mr. Pole A Bridge Too Far (1977) – Regimental Sergeant Major The Medusa Touch (1978) – Police Doctor Tarka the Otter (1979) – Farm Labourer Flash Gordon (1980) – Mongon Doctor Gandhi (1982) – Police Officer Ha-Kala (1985) – Ziggy Personal Services (1987) – Jones Superman IV: The Quest for Peace (1987) – General Romoff La Passione (1996) – Harry Lambert Arabian Nights (2000) – Faisal TV credits Elizabeth R - Episode 1: \"The Lion's Cub\" - Sir Robert Tyrwhitt (1971) Man of Straw – Herr Cohn (1972) The Protectors – Medina (1972) The Tomorrow People – Gaius (1974) Star Maidens – Carlo (1976) 1990 – Digger Radford (1978) Holocaust – Zalman (1978) Minder – Wilson (1979) Shoestring – Restaurant Manager (1980) Hammer House of Horror – Charles (episode: \"Visitor From The Grave\", 1980) Grange Hill – Mr. Durrant (1983) Ever Decreasing Circles – Howard Hughes (1984-1989) Last of the Summer Wine – Bramwell (episode: \"The Phantom No 14 Bus\", 1999) References External links 1934 births 2014 deaths English male stage actors English male film actors English male television actors Actors from the London Borough of Newham Male actors from Essex People from East Ham", "title": "Stanley Lebor" }, { "docid": "7751498", "text": "Robert Joseph who was born in London in 1955, is a British wine expert, consultant, producer and industry analyst. In 1984, with Charles Metcalfe, he launched the magazine Wine International and the London International Wine Challenge. Joseph also launched International Wine Challenges in Asia (China, Japan, Vietnam, Singapore, Hong Kong, India) and Russia. He resigned as chairman of the International Wine Challenge in January 2006. Biography Joseph was the wine correspondent of the Sunday Telegraph for sixteen years, until 2001, and is the author of more than 28 books, twice winning the Glenfiddich award for wine writing. He wrote an annual Robert Joseph Good Wine Guide (published by Dorling Kindersley) which in 2004 was named as best Wine Guide in the world by the Gourmand World Cookbook Awards. He has judged and/or chaired wine competitions in France, Portugal, Italy, Switzerland, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Chile, Portugal and the USA, He has been one of the members of the Grand Jury Européen, a Chevalier de Tastevin and a member of the Commanderie du Bontemps du Médoc et des Graves in Bordeaux. In 2006, he helped to launch Meininger's Wine Business International magazine - now known as Meininger's International After initially working as editor at large, he became associate editor in 2022 and writes a weekly online coumn. Robert Joseph regularly appears on television and radio in the UK and overseas to talk about wine. He is also a keynote public speaker at international wine trade conferences and events and hosts regular tastings for private groups. In 2005, Joseph gave up being a wine critic and, with former 'flying winemaker', Hugh Ryman and award-winning label-designer, Kevin Shaw, launched a wine brand in the Minervois region of Southern France called le Grand Noir with the aim of creating a range of French wines to compete with successful New World brands. There are now 15 wines selling nearly 3.8m bottles in 65 countries. A separate organic brand called Greener Planet was launched in 2008. The le Grand Noir Chardonnay-Viognier was chosen to be listed by Gordon Ramsey's Savoy Grill in London in 2018/19 and the 2015 Minervois Reserve was named a Top 100 wine from the Sud de France In January 2024, in Utrecht, Netherlands, he launched a Georgian wine called K'AVSHIRI, in association with Vladimer Kublashvili of Winery Khareba. As a strategic/marketing consultant, Joseph has worked for companies/organisations including Accolade wines, Concha y Toro, Torres, Origin Wines and the generic promotional bodies for Australia, Portugal, Brazil, Georgia and Moldova. In 2019, he won the inaugural Born Digital / Vinventions Innovation Award His next book, Wine Thinking, a collection of pieces written for Meininger's since 2006, with up-to-date commentary is to be published in 2024. Another book, called The Road to K'AVSHIRI and SHA'ORI, a Personal Impression of the Last 50 Years of the Wine Industry will also be published in 2024. See also List of wine personalities Bibliography White Wines of France, 1987. Salamander;, Art of the Wine Guide, 1988. Chartwell;, Sunday", "title": "Robert Joseph (wine connoisseur)" }, { "docid": "7560644", "text": "Raymond George Alfred Cooney OBE (born 30 May 1932) is an English playwright, actor, and director. His biggest success, Run for Your Wife (1983), ran for nine years in London's West End and is its longest-running comedy. He has had 17 of his plays performed there. Career Cooney began to act in 1946, appearing in many of the Whitehall farces of Brian Rix throughout the 1950s and 1960s. It was during this time that he co-wrote his first play, One For The Pot. With Tony Hilton, he co-wrote the screenplay for the British comedy film What a Carve Up! (1961), which features Sid James and Kenneth Connor. In 1968 and 1969, Cooney adapted Richard Gordon's Doctor novels for BBC radio, as series starring Richard Briers. He also took parts in them. Cooney has also appeared on TV, (including an uncredited appearance in the Dial 999 (TV series) ' episode, 'A Mined Area', as a hold-up victim), and in several films, including a film adaptation of his successful theatrical farce Not Now, Darling (1973), which he co-wrote with John Chapman. In 2000, he appeared in the Last of the Summer Wine episode \"Last Post and Pigeon\" where he played the role of a wordless and energetic French peasant. In 1983, Cooney created the Theatre of Comedy Company and became its artistic director. During his tenure the company produced over twenty plays such as Pygmalion (starring Peter O'Toole and John Thaw), Loot and Run For Your Wife. He co-wrote a farce with his son Michael, Tom, Dick and Harry (1993). Cooney produced and directed the film Run For Your Wife (2012), based on his own play. The film however was not a success: it was savaged by critics and has been referred to as one of the worst films of all time. Cooney's farces combine a traditional British bawdiness with structural complication, as characters leap to assumptions, are forced to pretend to be things that they are not, and often talk at cross-purposes. He is greatly admired in France where he is known as \"Le Feydeau Anglais\" (\"The English Feydeau\") in reference to the French farceur Georges Feydeau. Many of his plays have been first produced, or revived, at the Théâtre de la Michodière in Paris. In January 1975, Cooney was the subject of This Is Your Life when he was surprised by Eamonn Andrews at London's Savoy Hotel. In the 2005 New Year Honours, Cooney was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in recognition of his services to drama. Personal life Cooney married Linda Dixon in 1962. One of their two sons, Michael, is a screenwriter. Bibliography Who Were You With Last Night? (1962) Chase Me, Comrade (1964) Charlie Girl (1965) One for the Pot (1966) Stand by Your Bedouin (1966) My Giddy Aunt (1967) Move Over Mrs. Markham (1969) Why Not Stay for Breakfast? (1970) Come Back to My Place (1973) Not Now, Darling (1973) There Goes the Bride (1974) Elvis (1977) Two into One", "title": "Ray Cooney" }, { "docid": "17575612", "text": "Last of the Summer Wine's second series originally aired on BBC1 between 5 March and 16 April 1975. All episodes from this series were written by Roy Clarke and produced and directed by Bernard Thompson. Although ratings from the first series were not good, the BBC ordered a second series of Last of the Summer Wine after the first season aired but were delayed due to strike action. The second series was eventually produced and aired during March and April 1975. For the first time, series 2 saw two episodes make it into the top ten programs of the week, starting with the opening show, \"Forked Lightning,\" which was watched by over 18 million people. Joining the cast this season was Joe Gladwin as Wally Batty, Nora Batty's henpecked husband. Series 2 would also mark the final appearance of Blamire, played by Michael Bates, who left at the end of the series due to health problems. The second series was released on DVD in region 2 as a combined box set with series 1 on 2 September 2002. Outline The trio in this series consisted of: First appearances Wally Batty (1975–1987) Last appearances Cyril Blamire (1973–1975) Episodes DVD release The box set for series 1 and 2 was released by Universal Playback in September 2002. Notes References See also External links Series 2 at the Internet Movie Database Last of the Summer Wine series 1975 British television seasons", "title": "Last of the Summer Wine series 2" }, { "docid": "168334", "text": "The following is an episode list for the long-running BBC One sitcom Last of the Summer Wine which was broadcast from 4 January 1973 to 29 August 2010. Overview The pilot episode aired as an episode of Comedy Playhouse on 4 January 1973 and the first full series of episodes premiered on 12 November the very same year. The 31st (and final) series started broadcasting on 25 July 2010. Every episode was written by Roy Clarke. As of 29 August 2010 (the very last day of transmission), a total of 295 episodes of Last of the Summer Wine have aired. This includes the Comedy Playhouse pilot, twenty-four Christmas Specials, three New Year Specials and a Millennium Special (but not the short Christmas sketch, a comedy trial or the 25 Year and 30 Year Documentaries). Some of these have been regular episodes (often held over from the previous series, or taken from the forthcoming series), others have been dedicated festive stories. Some of these specials have also been feature-length. All episodes are 30 minutes long, unless otherwise stated. Series overview Episodes Series 1 (1973) The pilot episode, known as either \"The Last of the Summer Wine\" or \"Of Funerals and Fish\", which originally premiered on the BBC's Comedy Playhouse, was included as a special feature on the Series 31 & 32 disc 4 which was released on 15 August 2016. Series 2 (1975) Series 3 (1976) Series 4 (1977-78) Series 5 (1979) Series 6 (1982) Series 7 (1983) Series 8 (1985) Series 9 (1987) Series 10 (1988) Series 11 (1989) Series 12 (1990) Series 13 (1991) Series 14 (1992) Series 15 (1993) Series 16 (1995) Series 17 (1995) Series 18 (1997) Series 19 (1998) Series 20 (1999) Series 21 (2000) Series 22 (2001) Series 23 (2002) Series 24 (2003) Series 25 (2004) Series 26 (2005) Episodes in Series 26 were broadcast out of sequence. \"Who's That Mouse in the Poetry Group?\" was due to be broadcast on 3 April 2005, but was postponed to 17 April 2005, due to a last-minute schedule change. \"Hermione (the Short Course)\" was broadcast as originally planned on 10 April 2005, as the TV listings magazines had already been published for that week's programmes. Series 27 (2006) Series 28 (2007) Series 29 (2008) Series 30 (2009) Series 31 (2010) Miscellaneous Shorts Documentaries Notes The DVD boxset issued on this date is labelled series 9 & 10. However, it contains only the twelve episodes listed for series 9 below plus the three Specials. It contains none of the episodes listed for series 10. The six series 10 episodes were released along with the seven of series 11 and two Specials in a boxset labelled Series 11 & 12. The ten Series 12 episodes were released along with the six Series 13 episodes and two Specials in another boxset labelled series 13 & 14. The nine series 14 episodes were released along with the nine series 15 episodes and two specials in another boxset labelled series 15 &", "title": "List of Last of the Summer Wine episodes" }, { "docid": "4832582", "text": "The following is a list of characters in the BBC sitcom Last of the Summer Wine and its prequel series, First of the Summer Wine. The main series focused primarily on a trio of old men and their interaction with other characters in the town. Due to the longevity of the series it was often necessary to replace key characters due to an actor's death, illness, or unavailability for other reasons. Many characters were first seen in \"one-off\" appearances and were popular enough or felt to have enough potential for them to be brought back as regulars, in some instances replacing previous members of the cast. Some characters also featured in the prequel series as well as several shorts. Summer Wine trio Cyril Blamire (Michael Bates; 1973–1975) The first \"third man\", and the most childishly argumentative and snobbish, Blamire was the contrast to Compo. Blamire was fired up by displays of youthful enthusiasm, energetic gusto, or any sign of the British spirit. He served as a corporal in the British Army in the Royal Signals regiment during \"The Great Fight for Freedom\" as a \"supply wallah\" (a storeman) in India and retains his military bearing. Michael Bates was born in India and actually served as a Major with the Gurkhas in India. He was a Tory and a self-important know-it-all with upper-class aspirations, who often dissociated himself from the other two, especially Compo, as he considered himself superior to them. Because of his sophisticated interests and insistence on table manners, Compo liked to refer to him as a \"poof\" (in turn, Cyril would often use insults such as \"grotty little herbert\" to Compo). Cyril would often reprimand Compo whenever he addressed him by his given name, as he preferred the \"more rounded tone of Mr. Blamire\" and would say that Compo had to touch his \"tatty cap\" whenever he did so. Out of all of the third men, Blamire tolerated Compo's antics the least (though sometimes when he got caught up in them he would join in, such as backchatting Miss Probert on one occasion) and treated him the worst, such as occasionally telling Compo he should kill himself by \"read[ing] the tailgate of a reversing lorry\". In spite of this, Compo and Blamire were close, as shown by Compo's misery in the episodes immediately after he left. Despite his snobby nature, Blamire had more commonsense than most of his successors. Bates left the cast in 1975 due to cancer and concentrated on his role in It Ain't Half Hot Mum. Blamire was written out of the series; it was said that he had left the moment he heard that an old flame had recently been widowed. The last we hear of him is a very organised letter, instructing Clegg and Compo to meet their old classmate, Foggy Dewhurst. After Foggy's first episode, Cyril is mentioned once in season 5 Deep in the Heart of Yorkshire. Cyril Blamire is one of the few characters established in this series (along with", "title": "List of Last of the Summer Wine characters" }, { "docid": "59536396", "text": "The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes is an American old-time radio show that aired on US radio networks between 1930 and 1936. The series was adapted from Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes stories by scriptwriter Edith Meiser. For most of the series, Richard Gordon played Sherlock Holmes and Leigh Lovell played Dr. Watson. The series included multiple original stories by Meiser, in addition to Meiser's adaptations of all of Doyle's Sherlock Holmes stories except one. Some episodes in the series were remakes of scripts that had been used for episodes in earlier seasons of the show. Production Edith Meiser first pitched the idea of a radio series based on Conan Doyle's detective. Episodes for the series were adapted for broadcast by Meiser. The show was titled Sherlock Holmes, The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, and Sherlock Holmes Stories in different radio listings. The premiere episode featured an adaptation of \"The Adventure of the Speckled Band\" (October 20, 1930). It starred William Gillette as Sherlock Holmes and Leigh Lovell as Dr Watson. The following episodes in the series mainly featured Richard Gordon in the role of Holmes until 1933 and Louis Hector from 1934 to 1935. Richard Gordon again played the lead role for the last season in 1936. Edith Meiser dramatised fifty-nine of the sixty Sherlock Holmes stories by Arthur Conan Doyle, with the same actors, Richard Gordon and Leigh Lovell, playing Holmes and Watson respectively in the adaptations, including a remake of \"The Adventure of the Speckled Band\". The 59th Sherlock Holmes story adapted by Meiser was \"The Adventure of the Blue Carbuncle\", which aired in late 1932. The story that was not dramatised, The Valley of Fear, would not be adapted for radio until 1960, when the BBC adapted it for radio for the 1952–1969 radio series. An adaptation of The Valley of Fear was not produced because the story concerns labour relations in the Pennsylvania coalfields and was therefore thought to be potentially too political. Another Sherlock Holmes story, \"The Final Problem\", was loosely adapted for episodes titled \"Murder in the Waxworks\" (March 1932), \"The Adventure of the Ace of Spades\" (May 1932), and \"Murder by Proxy\" (January 1933). It was not directly adapted because Meiser was concerned that broadcasting it might presage the end of the series. For the series, Meiser also wrote episodes inspired by cases alluded to in the Sherlock Holmes canon, namely \"The Giant Rat of Sumatra\" (June 1932 and July 1936), \"The Case of Vamberry, the Wine Merchant\" (December 1934), and \"The Singular Affair of the Aluminium Crutch\" (January 1935). Meiser also adapted two of Arthur Conan Doyle's non-Holmes stories, \"The Jewish Breastplate\" and \"The Lost Special\". Both episodes aired in November 1934. The first four seasons aired on the NBC's Blue Network. The fifth season aired on the Mutual Broadcasting System through September 1936. The show then moved to the NBC Red network in October 1936. On the NBC network, the episodes were broadcast live and have therefore not survived. The Mutual", "title": "The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes (radio series)" }, { "docid": "58676750", "text": "Érin Geraghty (born 1955) is an Irish film, television and stage actress whose career has spanned 50 years. Life and career After a brief career as a child model in the 1960s Geraghty attended the Italia Conti Academy of Theatre Arts (1967–69) before studying at Corona Academy of Theatre Arts (1969-1972). Geraghty made her first television appearances in 1968 as Michele in \"The Corpse Can't Play\" episode of Late Night Horror and as Sarah in the now lost \"The Problem of Thor Bridge\" episode of Sherlock Holmes starring Peter Cushing in the title role. Other television appearances include Sal Turner in Z-Cars (1971); Jacquetta in Whack-O! (1972); Maureen Morahan in Angels (Series 1-3, 1975–76); Margaret MacAmnay in Churchill's People (1975); Florrie Bagster in Clayhanger (1976); Jane in Raffles (1977); Margaret Locke in Fox (1980); Iris in the TV biopic Florence Nightingale (1985); Sandra Marsh in EastEnders (1986); Mistress Goody the Hag in Knightmare (1990); Annie Jones in The Bill (1993); Vicar's wife in Last of the Summer Wine (2008); Nurse Scott in Mistresses (2010); Gail in Birds of a Feather (2015); and Diane Johnson in Yellow Jacket (2017) and Laura Evans in Doctors (2020). Her film roles include the young Beatrix Potter in The Tales of Beatrix Potter (1971), Ducky in The Bunny Caper aka Sex Play (1974), and Joan in That'll Be the Day (1973). Geraghty's stage career includes a wide range of roles, with Cam Fuller of The StarPhoenix describing her as \"a renowned British actress with credits in everything from the Royal Shakespeare Company to Coronation Street\". Geraghty's performance in A Time to Go Walking earned her an award for best female performer at the 2000 Orlando International Fringe Theater Festival. In 2014 Geraghty played Ellen Creed in the Victorian melodrama Ladies in Retirement at the Grand Theatre, Wolverhampton. In 2016 she played Annie Beck in a national tour of a stage adaptation of the popular television series Heartbeat; while in October that year she appeared opposite her husband Paul Lavers in a production of Bedroom Farce at the Gordon Craig Theatre in Stevenage. In 2017 she played Janet Widdington in Ladies in Lavender at the Theatre Royal, Windsor. The next year she played Nanny Price in Small Wonders at the Bernie Grant Arts Centre. Other stage roles include Mistress Ford in The Merry Wives of Windsor and Nurse in Romeo and Juliet. Filmography Television Film References External links 1955 births Living people Irish stage actresses Irish television actresses Irish film actresses Alumni of the Italia Conti Academy of Theatre Arts Irish Shakespearean actresses", "title": "Érin Geraghty" }, { "docid": "13700269", "text": "William Thomas Clucas (14 April 19258 July 2016), better known as William Lucas, was an English film, theatre, radio and television actor. Early years William Lucas was born in Manchester, England. Before he became an actor, he was a commercial traveller, laundry hand, cook, farm labourer, and long-distance lorry driver, and served in the Royal Navy during the Second World War. Career Lucas earned a scholarship to the Northern Theatre School, and trained there. He then became an assistant stage manager at the Chesterfield Civic Theatre in the late 1940s. Lucas had begun his stage career by the summer of 1950 in Chesterfield and was still active in the theatre in late 1990 in Run for Your Wife. His first film acting role was in the film Portrait of Alison (1955), and he later appeared in many Hammer Film Productions such as The Shadow of the Cat (1961). He starred in a string of British crime b-movies such as Payroll, The Break, Breakout, and Calculated Risk. He usually played strong villain-types (lead villains) but he would also play unhinged, weak characters as well. Lucas is probably best known for his role in The Adventures of Black Beauty (1972–1974) as Dr. James Gordon, and in the BBC series Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes as Inspector Lestrade in the episode \"A Study in Scarlet\" (1968). He also appeared in The Bill, Doctor Who, Last of the Summer Wine, Sir Francis Drake (TV series) and the ITV soap opera Coronation Street. Personal life In 1954, Lucas married Doreen Moorehouse (whose stage name was Rowena Ingram). They had two children. After they divorced he married Camilla Idris-Jones. Death Lucas died in England on 8 July 2016. Filmography Film Timeslip (1955) – X-Ray Technician (uncredited) Portrait of Alison (1955) – Reg Dorking Lost (1956) – Press Photographer (uncredited) X the Unknown (1956) – Peter Elliott Up in the World (1956) – Mick Bellman High Flight (1957) – Controller (Cranwell) Breakout (1959) – Chandler Sons and Lovers (1960) – William Morel Crack in the Mirror (1960) – Kerstner The Professionals (1960) – Philip Bowman Payroll (1961) – Dennis Pearson The Shadow of the Cat (1961) – Jacob Venable The Devil's Daffodil (1961) – Jack Tarling (English Version) Touch of Death (1961) – Pete Mellor The Break (1962) – Jacko Thomas The Very Edge (1963) – Inspector Davis Bitter Harvest (1963) – Mr. Medwin The Marked One (1963) – Don Mason Calculated Risk (1963) – Steve Dateline Diamonds (1966) – Major Fairclough Night of the Big Heat (1967) – Ken Stanley The Sky Bike (1967) – Mr. Smith Scramble (1970) – (uncredited) Tower of Evil (1972) – Inspector Hawk Man at the Top (1973) – Marshall Operation Daybreak (1975) – Doctor (Sonja's Father) (uncredited) The Plague Dogs (1982) – Civil Servant #5 (voice) Television Portrait of Alison (1955) – Reg Dorking Solo for Canary (1958) – Durea Champion Road (1958) – Jonathan Briggs The Adventures of Robin Hood (1958) – Sir Jack of Southwark The Infamous", "title": "William Lucas (actor)" }, { "docid": "13559605", "text": "Martin Ellyot Manulis (May 30, 1915 – September 28, 2007) was an American television, film, and theatre producer. Manulis was best known for his work in the 1950s producing the CBS Television programs Suspense, Studio One Summer Theatre, Climax!, The Best of Broadway and Playhouse 90. He was the sole producer of the award-winning drama series, Playhouse 90, during its first two seasons from 1956 to 1958. After leaving Playhouse 90, Manulis was the \"head of television\" for 20th Century Fox Television where he was responsible for creating and producing the series, The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis, Adventures in Paradise, and Five Fingers. In 1962, he produced the film Days of Wine and Roses starring Jack Lemmon and Lee Remick. Early years Manulis was born and raised in the Park Slope neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York. His father, Abraham \"Gus\" Manulis, immigrated to the United States from Russia in 1897, became a naturalized U.S. citizen in 1911, and operated a drug store in Park Slope. His mother, Anna, was born in New York, the daughter of Russian immigrants. His older brother, Frederick, became a doctor and moved to Palm Beach, Florida. Manulis attended public schools in Brooklyn and graduated from Manual Training High School in Park Slope. At age 16, Manulis enrolled at Columbia College, Columbia University, majoring in English literature with aspirations to become a journalist. While at Columbia, he became involved in a student theater production. After receiving a favorable review from Lucius Beebe, Manulis continued to perform in all-male varsity stage productions. For three years, he played leading female roles. He spent one summer while still in college performing in summer stock in Bar Harbor, Maine. In the spring of 1935, he played the lead role as a night club performer in Columbia's production of \"Flair Flair, the Idol of Paree.\" Live theater Manulis graduated from Columbia in 1935 and began working as an assistant for Ben Boyer, the business manager for producer Max Gordon, at a salary of $25 a week. Manulis also produced summer stock at Bass Rocks in Gloucester, Massachusetts, in partnership with Henry Levin. They invited John C. Wilson, a producer who was then affiliated with Noël Coward, to attend one of their productions. Wilson attended the performance and hired Manulis to work in his Broadway office. While employed by Wilson, Manulis directed rehearsals of understudies and reviewed scripts. Manulis was married in 1939 to Katherine Bard, an actress and the daughter of Ralph Austin Bard, who served as Assistant Secretary of the Navy during World War II. Also in 1939, he acted in a short-lived Broadway production of They Walked Alone with Elsa Lanchester. This was Manulis' last acting performance. He later joked that his character died at the end of Act II, and a critic panned his performance and suggested that the production could be improved if Manulis' character were killed instead at the end of Act I. By 1940, Manulis was living on East 9th Street in Manhattan with", "title": "Martin Manulis" }, { "docid": "22245180", "text": "Boardwalk is a 1979 American drama film written by Stephen Verona and Leigh Chapman and directed by Verona. It stars Ruth Gordon, Lee Strasberg and Janet Leigh. It follows an older Jewish couple living in Coney Island that are challenged by increasing crime in their neighborhood. Plot summary David Rosen (Strasberg) and his wife Becky (Gordon) are approaching their 50th wedding anniversary in Coney Island, where they have spent most of their married life. But their beloved once-safe neighborhood begins to fall victim to urban blight and crime with house robberies commonplace and the boardwalk rendered unsafe by gangs. A gang leader named Strut demands payment from local merchants for \"protection\" and uses violent methods to achieve his objectives. David refuses to pay for the \"protection\" for his restaurant and as a consequence it is firebombed, while many of his neighbors are attacked and his synagogue is desecrated. The couple also contend with Becky's cancer, while their widowed daughter, Florence (Leigh) is in a loveless marriage with a vinyl floor salesman. Peter, Florence's 24-year-old son, wants to be rock star. The Friedmans, an older Jewish couple and best friends of David and Becky, feel besieged by the threat of violent crime and decide to take their own lives. Cast Ruth Gordon as Becky Rosen Lee Strasberg as David Rosen Janet Leigh as Florence Cohen Joe Silver as Leo Rosen Eddie Barth as Eli Rosen Merwin Goldsmith as Charley Michael Ayr as Peter Forbesy Russell as Marilyn Chevi Colton as Vera Rosen Teri Keane as Betty Rosen Eli Mintz as Friedman Rashel Novikoff as Sadie Lillian Roth as Ruth Kim Delgado as Strut Altovise Davis as Mrs. Bell Production It was filmed on location at numerous spots in Brooklyn, including the famous but now defunct Dubrow's Cafeteria. Strasberg spoke to The New York Times about challenging perceptions of older characters on screen: \"That's the difficulty of playing older people...The audience doesn't see them as people, but as old people. They think you have to act old. But old people don't not make love; they don't not have feelings. Aging is like wine: give me old wine — it's more enriching. What appealed to me about the characters in ‘Boardwalk’ was that I didn't have to play David as decrepit or do the phony Jewish thing with the accent.\" Gordon spoke about her positive experience acting alongside Strasberg: \"From the very word go, it was chemistry. We loved each other. That's why we worked together.” With Strasberg adding, “I guess we do share something in the theater, don't we?...I remember seeing you in ‘Serena Blandish’ — that was the kind of theater I loved as a young actor. You know, we went through those years of the American theater when it was just becoming a world theater.\" It was written by Leigh Chapman and Verona, who were a couple at the time. Chapman later recalled the film as \"Amateurish? boring? Strasberg [was] a dreadful actor...I give V[erona] credit for tenacity...[a] British investor", "title": "Boardwalk (film)" }, { "docid": "15281563", "text": "Gordon Tucker (born 5 January 1968) is an English former professional footballer, who played for Derby County, Huddersfield Town, Scunthorpe United, Hyde United and Goole Town. Playing career Gordon Tucker started his career at Derby County on non-contract terms, he then moved to Huddersfield Town in 1987. He made his debut against Plymouth Argyle in a 6–1 defeat, he was wearing the number 6 shirt. He was to make a further 21 starts and 6 sub appearances in Town's worst ever season, the 1987–88 season. He was to make 35 appearances over two years at Leeds Road under Malcolm Macdonald and Eoin Hand, his last game in Town's colours was against Bolton Wanderers on 1 May 1989, Town lost 3–1, he was wearing the number 5 shirt. He was to leave in 1989 for Scunthorpe United. He was to play 15 games at Glanford Park before moving to Goole in 1990. His appearance data at Goole is unknown but he moved to Hyde United in the summer of 1994. Tucker was to play 42 games in all competitions in the 1994–95 season. He did return to play for Hyde in February 1998. He came on as a substitute in a game against Emley at The Welfare Ground, he was to then come on again as a substitute in the next game against Boston United. He then made another 9 starts, then was an unused substitute for the next three games, then his last appearance was as a substitute against Runcorn, it was also the last game of the 1997–98 season. However, he failed to live up to his first spell as a Hyde player. He left Hyde at the end of the season. References Thomas, Ian et al. (2007). 99 Years and Counting: Stats and Stories. Huddersfield Town Football Club. . 1968 births Living people English men's footballers Footballers from Manchester Men's association football defenders Derby County F.C. players Huddersfield Town A.F.C. players Scunthorpe United F.C. players Goole Town F.C. players Hyde United F.C. players English Football League players", "title": "Gordon Tucker (footballer)" }, { "docid": "18083677", "text": "Robert Paul Wine, Jr. (born July 13, 1962) is an American former professional baseball player. A catcher, Wine played parts of two seasons in Major League Baseball for the Houston Astros in 1986 and 1987. He last played professional baseball in 1990. He was the head baseball coach of the Penn State Nittany Lions from 2005 to 2013. In 2014, Wine managed the Eugene Emeralds, a minor league team in the San Diego Padres organization. Early years Wine graduated from Methacton High School in Norristown, PA in 1980 where he was a stand-out catcher. Playing career Wine was an All-American catcher for the Oklahoma State Cowboys, where he played from 1981 to 1983. In 1982, he played collegiate summer baseball with the Wareham Gatemen of the Cape Cod Baseball League and was named a league all-star. He was drafted in the first round (8th overall) of the 1983 Major League Baseball draft by the Astros. After three seasons of minor league baseball, Wine made his major league debut on September 2, 1986 as a September call-up. He played nine games, getting 3 hits in 12 at bats. In 1987, Wine was called up again in July after both Mark Bailey and Ronn Reynolds had been tried as the backup catcher to Alan Ashby. Wine played in 13 games in July and August, but batted just .103. He appeared in one final major league game on October 3. He was traded from the Astros to the Texas Rangers for Mike Loynd during spring training on March 25, 1988. He played in five different organizations from 1988 to 1990 without returning to the majors. Coaching career After his playing career ended following the 1990 season, Wine served as an assistant coach in professional baseball from 1991 to 1996. Prior to the 1997 season, he accepted an assistant coaching position at his alma mater Oklahoma State. Prior to the 2005 season, he was hired as the head baseball coach at Penn State. Following the 2013 season, he resigned the position. His career record was 228–262. Head coaching record Below is a table of Wine's yearly records as an NCAA head baseball coach. Personal Wine is the son of Philadelphia Phillies and Montreal Expos infielder Bobby Wine. See also List of current NCAA Division I baseball coaches List of second-generation Major League Baseball players References External links Living people 1962 births All-American college baseball players Auburn Astros players Baseball players from Montgomery County, Pennsylvania Canton-Akron Indians players Columbus Astros players Columbus Clippers players Daytona Beach Astros players Eugene Emeralds managers Greenville Braves players Houston Astros players Indianapolis Indians players Major League Baseball catchers Oklahoma City 89ers players Oklahoma State Cowboys baseball coaches Oklahoma State Cowboys baseball players Penn State Nittany Lions baseball coaches Richmond Braves players Tucson Toros players Wareham Gatemen players People from Norristown, Pennsylvania", "title": "Robbie Wine" }, { "docid": "1401778", "text": "Michael Hammond Bates (4 December 1920 – 11 January 1978) was a British actor born in India. He was best known for playing Chief Guard Barnes who processes (and strip-searches) Alex in A Clockwork Orange, Cyril Blamire in Last of the Summer Wine (1973–75), and Rangi Ram in It Ain't Half Hot Mum (1974–77). Early life Bates was born in Jhansi, United Provinces, India. His parents were of Cheshire families; his father, Henry Stuart \"Harry\" Bates (1893–1985), son of Albert Bates, of Congleton, Cheshire, was educated at Denstone School and Cambridge University before entering the Indian Civil Service in 1920. He served as Deputy Secretary of the Revenue Department and a Member of the Board of Revenue for the United Provinces of India until 1947 (in which year he was created CSI) and was later of the Colonial Office. Bates's mother, Sarah Clarke Walker (1896–1982) was daughter of William Hammond Walker, also of Congleton. Bates spent his early years in India, speaking Hindi and Urdu as his first languages before learning English, and remaining fluent in the former two languages for the rest of his life. Having been sent home to England aged seven by his parents, Bates was educated at Uppingham School and his father's alma mater, St Catharine's College, Cambridge. He was commissioned in the Indian Army in March 1942. During World War II he served in the Burma Campaign as a major with the Brigade of Gurkhas and was mentioned in dispatches in 1944. Career In 1953, while an ensemble member with the Stratford Festival in Stratford, Ontario, Canada, Bates appeared in Richard III and All's Well That Ends Well. In 1956, Bates appeared in Hotel Paradiso (L'Hôtel du libre échange), which starred Alec Guinness, at the Winter Garden Theatre in London. On radio, he played a variety of characters in the BBC's long-running comedy series The Navy Lark, including Able Seaman Ginger, Lieutenant Bates, Rear Admiral Ironbridge, the Padre, and Captain Ignatius Aloysius Atchison. Bates appeared in many British television series, including Last of the Summer Wine from 1973 to 1975 (as Cyril Blamire) and It Ain't Half Hot Mum from 1974 to 1977 (as Rangi Ram). His role as Rangi Ram led to the allegation that he had performed in brownface. Series co-creator Jimmy Perry told Stuart Jeffries in 2003 that they had been unable to find a suitable Asian actor. \"But Michael was ideal for the role\", Perry said. Interviewed by the journalist Neil Clark for The Daily Telegraph in 2013, Perry said that all Bates wore \"was a light tan. He wasn't blacked up! Michael spoke fluent Urdu, and was a captain in the Gurkhas\". The show is not repeated in the UK by the BBC, who use the \"blacked up\" description of Bates's performance on their website's article about the series. The series was shown on the \"That's TV (UK)\" channel during the summer of 2023, with a 'disclaimer' reminding viewers that it contained language and attitudes reflecting the era in which", "title": "Michael Bates (actor)" }, { "docid": "38605614", "text": "John Harold Glen (31 December 1941 – 25 October 2020), known professionally as Johnny Leeze, was a British actor of television and film. He was perhaps best known for playing Harry Clayton in the British soap opera Coronation Street for a few months in 1985, and as Ned Glover in fellow British soap opera Emmerdale from 1994 to 1999. He appeared again in 2000, before leaving shortly afterwards. Career Leeze's list of screen appearances dates back to 1982, when he made his television debut in the sitcom Open All Hours as a bit part. He also appeared in another British soap opera Coronation Street on three occasions playing a different part each time: he played Mr Slater in one episode in 1982; Harry Clayton for 35 episodes in 1985; and as Laurie Johnstone in one episode in 2005. He also appeared on the long-running sitcom Last of the Summer Wine on four occasions in 1983, 1986, 1991 and 2002, playing a different character each time. Leeze's other television credits include appearance in Play for Today, Juliet Bravo, All Creatures Great and Small, Heartbeat and Common As Muck, Cracker. In 2000 he appeared as Inspector Cox in five episodes of the black comedy series The League of Gentlemen. Later he appeared in Phoenix Nights, Doctors, Early Doors, The Royal and most recently a 2007 appearance in Life on Mars. His only film appearance was in the 2001 film Blow Dry, in which he had a small part. Death Leeze died on 25 October 2020, at the age of 78. He had tested positive for COVID-19 in the days before his death amid the COVID-19 pandemic in England. Film and television credits Open All Hours (1982) Television series...1 episode (The Man Whose Tyres Were Let Down) Play for Today (1982) Television series...3 episodes (Jim/orderly/porter) Coronation Street (1982) Soap Opera...1 episode (Mr Slater) Last of the Summer Wine (1983) Sitcom ...1 episode ('Our Kid' Colin) Hallelujah! (1983) Television series...1 episode (Landlord) The Outsider (1983) Television series...1 episode (Delivery Man) Juliet Bravo (1983) Television series...1 episode (Football Fan) Coronation Street (1985) Soap Opera..35 episodes (Harry Clayton) Last of the Summer Wine (1986) Sitcom ...1 episode (Meter Reader) All Creatures Great and Small (1988) Television series...1 episode (Lionel Brough) Stay Lucky (1989) Television series...2 episodes (2nd Warden) Chimera (1991) Television mini-series...1 episode (Billy Hamilton) Last of the Summer Wine (1991) Sitcom ...1 episode (Security Guard) Heartbeat (1993) Television series...1 episode (Pub Landlord) Common As Muck (1994) Television series...1 episode (Jack) Cracker (1994) Television series...1 episode (1st Manchester United Fan) Seaforth (1994) Television series...1 episode (Hodges) Emmerdale (1994–99, 2000) Soap Opera ....420 episodes (Ned Glover) The League of Gentlemen (2000) Television series...5 episodes (Inspector Cox) Blow Dry (2001) Feature film (Journalist) Phoenix Nights (2001) Television series...1 episode (Duggy Hayes) Doctors (2001) Television series...1 episode (Ray Bridges) Last of the Summer Wine (2002) Sitcom ...1 episode (Fifi's boyfriend) Early Doors (2003) Sitcom ....1 episode (Bill) The Royal (2003) Television series...1 episode (George) Coronation Street (2005) Soap Opera...1", "title": "Johnny Leeze" }, { "docid": "7082478", "text": "Jean Fergusson (30 December 1944 – 14 November 2019) was a British television and theatre actress, who was best known for playing the part of Marina on the British situation comedy Last of the Summer Wine from 1985 until it was cancelled in 2010, and her several guest roles in the soap Coronation Street. Early life Fergusson was born in the village of Woolley, near Wakefield, to Margaret (née Jackson) and Francis Fergusson, a civil engineer. They moved several times between Yorkshire and Dumfriesshire, Scotland before settling in Bridgend, Glamorgan in 1956 where Fergusson attended Bridgend Girls' Grammar School. While studying for her A-levels, she joined an amateur dramatics company, the Bridgend Castle Players, then trained as an actor at Cardiff College of Music and Drama (now the Royal Welsh College of Music & Drama) and graduated in 1965. Career After touring schools with Brian Way’s Theatre Centre company, she spent two years in rep at Oldham Coliseum, followed by engagements in theatres all over the country. In 1974, Fergusson made her television debut with a few episodes in popular soap Crossroads playing Caroline Herbert, an old girlfriend of main character Roy Mollison, and appeared as Mrs Tremayne, a colonel’s wife, in an episode of All Creatures Great and Small four years later in 1978. In theatre, she appeared in the stage show of popular long running sitcom Last of the Summer Wine in the 1984 summer season, playing Marina, an ageing blonde bombshell complete with peroxide blonde hair, false eyelashes and short skirt. The character was so popular with audiences that Marina was written into the television series, and she made her first appearance in 1985, and continued to play the character in every episode until the show's cancellation in 2010, appearing in a total of 216 episodes. Fergusson's show She Knows You Know!, in which she portrayed the comedian Hylda Baker, performed at the Vaudeville Theatre, was nominated for a 1998 Laurence Olivier Theatre Award for Best Entertainment of the 1997 season, and she was part of the cast of the touring play Seven Deadly Sins Four Deadly Sinners. After Last of the Summer Wine ended, Fergusson appeared in several television series, including This is England '86 and three episodes of Doctors. In 2010 she took on the role of Dorothy Hoyle in Coronation Street, having previously played Gary Mallet's mother in 1999 and Dr Lowther's sister-in-law Helen Ashcroft in 1987. She reappeared in 2011, and was part of a large kidnapping storyline involving her husband Alan, John Stape and Chesney Battersby-Brown. Personal life Fergusson lived in Yorkshire until 2014, when she moved to London. She died at her home on 14 November 2019. Her partner of 30 years, Paul Jenkinson died in 2011. Filmography References External links Interview with Jean Fergusson 1944 births 2019 deaths 20th-century English actresses 21st-century English actresses Alumni of the Royal Welsh College of Music & Drama English television actresses Actresses from Wakefield English soap opera actresses", "title": "Jean Fergusson" }, { "docid": "7082176", "text": "Thomas William Stevenson Rowbotham (8 April 1949 – 7 November 2022), known professionally as Tom Owen, was a British actor best known for playing Tom Simmonite in the BBC sitcom Last of the Summer Wine. He was the son of Bill Owen, who played William \"Compo\" Simmonite (the father of Tom Simmonite) in the show. Theatre Owen trained as a student assistant stage manager at the Leatherhead Theatre in 1966. He worked extensively in repertory both as an actor and director. In 1969 Owen played Farley, in Goodbye, Mr. Chips a role first played by John Mills in the original version. He was a member of the Royal Shakespeare Company in its Broadway production of London Assurance. His performance as Krapp in Fiona Baddeley's production of Beckett's masterpiece Krapp's Last Tape was likened to those given by Michael Gambon, John Hurt and Harold Pinter. He appeared in the West End in the Lulu plays by Wedekind. He also starred in over twenty pantomimes. Television Owen made his television debut in 1968 playing Bill Cowan in Southern TV's groundbreaking series Freewheelers appearing in fifty two episodes. Numerous television series followed including Tottering Towers, Wreckers at Deadeye, Horse in the House, The Piglet Files, The Hello Goodbye Man, Z Cars, Upstairs Downstairs, The Bill, Minder, and Our Mutual Friend. Owen's debut in Last Of The Summer Wine was in 1991 as a bank customer in the episode \"Situations Vacant\". Following the death of his father, Bill, who played Compo in 184 episodes over twenty-seven years, Tom joined Last of the Summer Wine as a regular in 2000 and stayed with the show appearing in 93 episodes until it ended in 2010. Owen appeared with Kirk Douglas in the TV film Queenie, with Michael York in Great Expectations and David Hemmings in Unman, Wittering and Zigo. Film Owen appeared in two films which were released in 2018: The Bromley Boys and The Guernsey Literary and Potato Peel Pie Society. Personal life and death Owen married Mary Bernadette Therese Moylan in 1978; they had two sons, James and William. Owen died on 7 November 2022, at the age of 73. Television roles References External links 1949 births 2022 deaths English male television actors 20th-century English male actors 21st-century English male actors English male stage actors Male actors from London People from Marylebone Actors from the City of Westminster", "title": "Tom Owen (actor)" }, { "docid": "1578458", "text": "Elaine \"Spanky\" McFarlane (born June 19, 1942) is an American singer best known for fronting the vocal group Spanky and Our Gang in the late 1960s. She was nicknamed \"The Queen of Sunshine Pop\". Early years In 1959, McFarlane arrived in Chicago from Bloomington, Illinois. She started performing with such jazz greats as Lil Hardin Armstrong, Earl Hines, and Little Brother Montgomery, working the jazz clubs. She soon got involved with the burgeoning folk crowd and formed a trio with Roger McGuinn and Guy Guilbert called the Old Town Trio, playing the local bars and coffee houses for a summer. In 1962, she joined the New Wine Singers. Fellow singer Arnie Lanza nicknamed her Spanky because of the similarity of her last name, McFarlane, to the last name of child actor George McFarland who played Spanky in the Our Gang Comedies. The nickname stuck. The New Wine Singers performed folk songs the first half of their set, then dropped the guitars and banjo, picked up a trombone, coronet, drums, and piano, and closed the set with Dixieland jazz. They made their only folk LP on Vee-Jay Records titled: \"The New Wine Singers at the Chicago Opera House.\" Then McFarlane joined a jazz-based singing group called the Jamie Lyn Trio, touring the country and working the Playboy Club circuit. In Chicago, 1965, she formed Spanky and Our Gang with Nigel Pickering and Oz Bach, with fellow New Wine Singers musician Malcolm Hale joining later. After a couple of weeks' rehearsal, they debuted as the opening act at Mother Blues nightclub. Mainstream success The band had major hits with \"Sunday Will Never Be the Same\", \"Lazy Day\", \"Sunday Mornin',\" and \"Like to Get to Know You\". McFarlane resisted being labeled a bubblegum pop artist: On October 31, 1968, the group's lead guitarist Malcolm Hale died in his sleep in the third floor apartment of the same building where Chicago's famed Earl of Old Town folk bar resided, leading the band to disband in early 1969. Thereafter, McFarlane and her husband, road manager Charly Galvin, prepared an album called Spanky's Greatest Hits.\" Later years McFarlane had later success as a solo artist. She became a member of The New Mamas & the Papas, singing Cass Elliot's vocal parts. She also began an acting career, playing a barmaid in the 1975 film Moonrunners and appearing as Bloody Mary in the Ferndale Repertory Theatre's production of South Pacific''. She reinstated Spanky and Our Gang in the 2000s, playing with musicians who had played with Steely Dan, Bobbie Gentry, and others. References 1942 births American folk singers American women pop singers Spanky and Our Gang members The Mamas and the Papas members Living people", "title": "Spanky McFarlane" }, { "docid": "43619750", "text": "Thieves is a 1977 American comedy film directed by John Berry, written by Herb Gardner, and starring Marlo Thomas, Charles Grodin and Irwin Corey. It was released on February 11, 1977, by Paramount Pictures. The film was based on Gardner's Broadway play, and has almost the same cast, with the main exception being that Charles Grodin is playing Martin rather than Richard Mulligan, though Grodin directed and produced the play. Plot School principal Martin Cramer and schoolteacher Sally are a married couple in their 30s who are stuck in a rut. Their Upper East Side apartment is mostly unfurnished five weeks after they moved from Orchard Street because Sally forgot the name of the moving company. Sally wants to bring a juvenile delinquent student of hers named Carlton in to live with them, but Martin reminds her that the boy stole from him the last time they took him in. Sally laments that Martin is no longer the idealistic person he once was. When Sally says it is time they have a child of their own, Martin tells her to go to sleep. A week later, Sally, who is pregnant, initiates divorce proceedings and then leaves to stay with a friend while she considers getting an abortion. Sally phones Gordon, a man she met in the park, and Gordon invites her to his apartment. After a pleasant conversation Gordon reveals he is married with children to a woman who will not give him a divorce and they decide they would be better off as friends. Meanwhile, Martin makes love to a neighbor, Nancy. Sally returns home to find that Carlton, who stole keys from the building's doorman Devlin, is stashing stolen goods in the apartment. He offers her the loot in exchange for a passing grade, but Sally offers instead to adopt Carlton if he goes straight. She learns of Martin's fling when she sees Nancy wearing Martin's sweatshirt. Martin returns to the Orchard Street apartment, where Sally eventually remembered sending their valuable antique furniture to, only to find that the current tenant sold the furniture for $40. Drinking a bottle of wine and reminiscing about his first date with Sally when the two broke into a closed Loew's movie theater, Martin breaks into the old theater again where a man named Perez tells him that the theater is now a church. Two police officers arrive to arrest Martin for breaking and entering, but Martin pulls a gun and flees. Sally visits her father Joe and asks him to accompany her to the abortion procedure, but he wants no part of it. After an impassioned speech from Sally about time being the real thief, Joe reveals that Sally was enrolled in school one year early and is 32, not 33 as she thought. He had been saving the \"extra year\" to give to her as a gift in his will, but decided that this was the day she needed it. Sally returns to the apartment and finds that her suitcase", "title": "Thieves (1977 film)" }, { "docid": "6801261", "text": "Keith Clifford (born 20 June 1938) is a British actor best known for his role as Billy Hardcastle in Last of the Summer Wine between 1999 and 2006. Career Clifford was born in Halifax, West Yorkshire. He played Billy Hardcastle in the British sitcom Last of the Summer Wine from 1999 until he decided to leave the programme at the end of series 27 in 2006. (Billy was a comedy character who believed he was a direct descendant of Robin Hood.) He also made guest appearances on Heartbeat, Dalziel and Pascoe and an episode of Cold Feet, and appeared in the TV film Vacuuming Completely Nude in Paradise (2001). In 2007 Clifford played Frank Nicholls in Coronation Street having previously appeared in the series in the guises of different characters; that of Les Battersby's mate, Charlie West, and Harry Norton, a showbiz associate of Alec Gilroy. He won a Sony Radio Award in 1993 for his portrayal of the Lancashire comedian Frank Randle in the radio play Randle's Scandals. Clifford has four children, twin sons and two daughters. Television roles References External links 1938 births Living people Male actors from Halifax, West Yorkshire English male television actors English male film actors British male soap opera actors 20th-century English male actors 21st-century English male actors", "title": "Keith Clifford" }, { "docid": "7082396", "text": "Shirley Ann Pithers (12 June 1935 – 9 March 2017), better known as Jane Freeman, was an English-born Welsh actress who was best known for her work on British television, mostly notably for her role as Ivy in Last of the Summer Wine. Early years Freeman was born in Brentford, Middlesex, in 1935, the daughter of railway engineer Arthur Pithers and his wife, Joan Pithers, née Dewhurst. She was raised in Merthyr Tydfil following the death of her father in an accident when she was 9 years old and her mother's subsequent remarriage to Russell Evans. For a time, she used his surname and was known as Jane Evans. She graduated from the Cardiff College of Music and Drama (now the Royal Welsh College of Music and Drama) in 1955. Career After a stay in London, Freeman joined the Osiris Repertory Theatre touring company, based in Gloucestershire. She joined the Arena Theatre, Sutton Coldfield in 1958, followed by Birmingham Rep from 1968. Her stage appearances include Margaret More in the Welsh Theatre Company's first production, A Man for All Seasons, at Cardiff's New Theatre in 1962. Freeman’s television roles include Diary Of a Young Man (1964), Crossroads (1964), Touch And Go (1978), and Hannah (1980). She was best known for her role as the abrasive but ultimately kind-hearted café owner Ivy, one of the main characters in the long-running British television comedy Last of the Summer Wine. She was one of only two actors to appear in all series of the show, from 1973 until 2010 (the other being Peter Sallis, who played Norman Clegg): however, unlike Sallis, Freeman did not appear in all of the episodes. Her film credits included Ghost In The Water (1982), Scrubbers (1982) and Silas Marner: The Weaver of Raveloe (1986). Personal life In 1971, Freeman married Michael Simpson, whom she met when he became artistic director of the Birmingham Rep while she was a member of that group. Death Freeman died on 9 March 2017 at the age of 81 from lung cancer. Her age was often incorrectly reported as being 96 at the time of her death, but official birth records prove that she was born in 1935. Roles Television Film See also Recurring characters in Last of the Summer Wine References External links Jane Freeman at Find a Grave 1935 births 2017 deaths Actors from the London Borough of Hounslow Welsh stage actresses Welsh television actresses Deaths from lung cancer in Wales People from Brentford", "title": "Jane Freeman (actress)" }, { "docid": "2108285", "text": "Hannah Campbell Grant Gordon (born 9 April 1941) is a Scottish actress and presenter who is known for her television work in the United Kingdom, including My Wife Next Door (1972), Upstairs, Downstairs (1974–75), Telford's Change (1979), Joint Account (1989–90) and an appearance in the final episode of One Foot in the Grave, broadcast in 2000. She has presented the Channel 4 lifestyle show Watercolour Challenge from 1998 to 2001 and played Ann Treves in David Lynch's 1980 film The Elephant Man. She is sometimes credited under her first married name of Hannah Warwick. Early life Gordon was born in Edinburgh, the daughter of Hannah (née Grant) and William Munro Gordon. She studied drama at the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama in Glasgow and, after graduating, spent one year at a repertory theatre in Dundee. In 1966–67, Gordon played Kirsty in the Doctor Who serial The Highlanders and made appearances on Jackanory (1969). In 1967, she appeared in the stage play Spring and Port Wine and in 1970 took the same role in the film version. Film and television career Her first appearance was as \"Zaylo\" in the first episode of Out of the Unknown, entitled \"No Place Like Earth\" by John Wyndham, in October 1965. In 1970, she appeared in the film Spring and Port Wine. In 1971, she made two appearances in Play for Today, Orkney and When the Bough Breaks, and also appeared in an episode of The Persuaders! titled A Home of One's Own. In 1972, she appeared with John Alderton in 13 episodes of My Wife Next Door on BBC. She played Virginia Hamilton (who later married Lord Bellamy) in the fourth and fifth series of the period drama Upstairs, Downstairs. She appeared in 12 episodes between 1974 and 1975. Gordon also appeared in the 1973 Christmas edition of The Morecambe & Wise Show. Gordon would appear in Morecambe and Wise several times over the course of the years. In 1979, she appeared in Telford's Change, another drama. In 1989–90, she starred as a bank manager with Peter Egan and John Bird in the BBC sitcom Joint Account. She voiced the character Hyzenthlay in Watership Down (1978). Other film roles include Alfie Darling (1975) and The Elephant Man (1980) as the wife of Frederick Treves. A later film role was as Kevin McKidd's mother in Made of Honour (2008). In 1981, she starred in Miss Morrison's Ghosts (with Wendy Hiller). She has appeared on television in Goodbye, Mr Kent (1982), Hammer House of Mystery and Suspense (1984), My Family and Other Animals (1987), Taggart (1993) and Jonathan Creek (1998). In 2000, Gordon played Glynis, the woman who kills Victor Meldrew in \"Things Aren't Simple Any More\", the final episode of the sitcom One Foot in the Grave. Since 2000, she has made guest appearances in Midsomer Murders Judgement Day (2000) as Annabel Weston/Bella Devere, Monarch of the Glen (2002) as Merilyn McNaughton and Heartbeat (2004) in which she played Mrs Barton in episode", "title": "Hannah Gordon" }, { "docid": "17693111", "text": "{{Infobox person \| name = Ray Butt \| birth_name = Raymond William Butt \| birth_date = \| death_date = \| occupation = Television producer, Director. \| nationality = British \| notable_works = Are You Being Served?, Last of the Summer Wine,Only Fools and Horses\| partner = Jo Blyth \| children = 1 }} Raymond William Butt (25 June 1935 – 12 July 2013) was a British television producer and director. He worked on several sitcoms for BBC television and became best known for Only Fools and Horses. Early life Butt grew up in London as an only child with his mother and father. He left school at 16 and served in the Royal Air Force for his national service. Career He produced Only Fools and Horses until Series 5, directing most episodes himself, when he moved onto new projects. He also worked on Last of the Summer Wine and Are You Being Served?. Butt directed the 1976 two-part episode from Last of the Summer Wine's third series consisting of the episodes, \"The Great Boarding House Bathroom Caper\" and \"Cheering up Gordon.\" Butt would also serve as primary producer for Are You Being Served? between 1975 and 1977. He frequently collaborated with writer John Sullivan, directing for four different series written by Sullivan. Butt retired in 1989. He received two BAFTAs, one for Only Fools and Horses and one for Just Good Friends. Death Butt died on 12 July 2013 and was survived by his partner, Jo Blyth, and a daughter from an earlier marriage. FilmographyThe Liver Birds (1969–1979)Are You Being Served? (1975–1977)Last of the Summer Wine (1976)Citizen Smith (1977–1979)Only Fools and Horses (1981–1987)Just Good Friends (1983–1984)Dear John (1986-1987)Young, Gifted and Broke (1989) Sob Sisters'' (1989) References External links 1935 births 2013 deaths 20th-century Royal Air Force personnel BAFTA winners (people) BBC television producers British television directors", "title": "Ray Butt" }, { "docid": "42390411", "text": "Cindertalk is the stage and studio name of multi-instrumentalist singer-songwriter Jonny Rodgers, and the ever-changing group of musicians who join him for performances and recordings. He is best known for his skill in playing an array of tuned wine glasses (also known as glass harp) along with guitar, keyboards and loop pedals and has contributed to numerous albums and film scores. Biography Jonny Rodgers took the name Cindertalk in 2014 to differentiate himself from the other artists and musicians with similar names. The term \"cindertalk\" refers to the sound of live coals hidden in the ashes of the early morning fires he lights each day to warm his Oregon cottage. Cindertalk's songs and live show are based around the combination of tuned wine glasses, guitar, loops, electronics and vocals. The New York Times' Allan Kozinn called Cindertalk's live show \"a stunning demonstration of what can be done with tuned wine glasses.” Jonny is also a composer and producer, writing chamber, orchestral and choral music for concert and film. His most recent film credits include providing guitar for Joseph Gordon-Levitt's \"Don Jon\", glass and glass samples on \"The Disappearance of Eleanor Rigby\" and he wrote the complete score for indie film My Brother Jack. Jonny's formative musical years were spent writing, touring and recording with his brother Steve Rodgers in the indie band Mighty Purple. The band released seven albums and toured the US multiple times. Literature and art run in Jonny's family including novelists and authors like his grandfather Joseph Chilton Pearce and great-uncle Richard Yates. Jonny collaborates with many renowned musicians from the worlds of classical and indie music. He has played for the bands Son Lux, NYC's classical-crossover band Awry (now My Brightest Diamond), Ten Shekel Shirt, Faux Fix, Todd Reynolds, Sxip Shirey, Arturo En El Barco, Angélica Negrón and many others. He has also collaborated with Joseph Gordon-Levitt's open-collaborative production company HitRECord. His latest album, Everything All at Once prominently features tuned wine glasses, guitars and electronics with loops used in unexpected and captivating ways. The album was released on Oct 8, 2013 on [Epitonic] and Jonny subsequently toured the US with Radical Face. For Record Store Day 2014, Cindertalk will be releasing a limited edition 7\" vinyl called Spero which will help support Love146 and their efforts to end child trafficking and modern slavery. Jonny currently splits his time between Brooklyn, New Haven, CT and a farm in Oregon. Discography Albums 2005 The Sound of Birds 2008 The Aviary 2013 Everything All at once\" (Epitonic) EPs 2009 Spare Them All, et al.2013 Every Mother's Child: Three Songs For ChristmasVinyl 2014 Spero 7\"'' Filmography 2003 – Camp (MGM) / Guitar 2006 – Blind / Score 2009 – The Brothers Bloom / Core Team, Guitar 2009 – Art Therapy (Safe House Films) / Score 2011 – Et Soudain Tout Le Monde Me Manqué (The Day I Saw Your Heart, American Title) / Glass, Guitar 2012 – My Brother Jack / Score 2012 – Don Jon (Relativity Media) /", "title": "Cindertalk" }, { "docid": "18824012", "text": "Last of the Summer Wine's 30th series originally aired 19 April 2009. All eleven episodes in series 30 were 30 minutes in length. A New Years Special aired on 31 December 2008. All of the episodes were written by Roy Clarke and directed by Alan J. W. Bell. This series is notable for forming a new trio composed of Alvin, Entwistle and Hobbo, who was introduced in the New Years Special. Clegg (Peter Sallis) and Truly (Frank Thornton) are now demoted to secondary characters, filmed only in studio scenes due to the cost of insurance for the actors at their age on location. Outline The trio in this series consisted of: First appearances Hobbo Hobdyke (2008–2010) Stella (2008–2010) Episode Information New Year Special (2008) Regular series Reception Viewers This series started on 19 April 2009. Critics At the time of Series 30's airing, the main points of contention were the programme's speculated loss of quality, as well the generally aimed-for audience of an older generation. Despite this, the show still gained respectable viewing figures. DVD release The box set for series thirty was released by Universal Playback in August 2016, mislabelled as a box set for series 31 & 32. References See also Last of the Summer Wine series 2008 British television seasons 2009 British television seasons", "title": "Last of the Summer Wine series 30" }, { "docid": "20939911", "text": "Eric Potts (born 13 September 1965) is a Scottish actor, writer and director, who appeared in Coronation Street as the eccentric baker Diggory Compton after playing four smaller parts, the father of Molly Compton, and Brookside as Wrexham Football Club Supporter, Mr Moore. Originally from Irvine, Ayrshire, Scotland, Eric transferred from law studies at Glasgow University to train at the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School from 1984 to 1987, then went on tour with the Theatre of Poland. Early television credits included Peak Practice and The Smiths, and then in 1998 he began a two-year stint as oddball character Mr Moore in Brookside. Subsequent appearances were in Heartbeat, The Royal, Last of the Summer Wine and Steel River Blues. In 2005 Eric also had a part in Rochdale-based film The Jealous God and an episode of Doctor Who, while still being active in theatre. One of his earliest roles was Big Ears in the UK Tour of Noddy Live. Potts appeared in the pantomime, Dick Whittington, alongside Dame Edna Everage in December 2011 at the New Wimbledon Theatre, London. In 2013, he played Les Dawson in Cissie and Ada: A Hysterical Rectomy, based upon the characters Cissie and Ada. He has starred in Pantomime as Widow Twankey in Aladdin and in 2013 as Sarah the Cook in Dick Whittington at the Manchester Opera House. He directed the UK tour of 'See How They Run for the Reduced Height Theatre in 2014 starring Warwick Davis. In 2015 he played Sarah the Cook in Dick Whittington at the Liverpool Empire alongside Warren Donnelly, Sally Lindsay and Kurtis Stacey. 2017 see him appear alongside Lee Ryan and Zoe Birkett in Snow White and The Seven Dwarfs and 2018 again with Zoe Birkett, Louie Spence and Robin Askwith in Aladdin playing Widow Twankey both at Darlington Hippodrome for Qdos Entertainment. 2018 also see him back at The Liverpool Empire with the musical By The Waters of Liverpool. FilmographyCasualty (2018) (TV series)Hollyoaks (2015) (TV series)Citizen Khan (2014) (TV series)Mount Pleasant (2013) (TV series)Emmerdale (2013, 2018) (TV series)The Royal Today (2008) (TV series)Still Game (2007) (TV series)The British Soap Awards (2006)Doctor Who (2005) (TV series)The Jealous God (2005)Christmas Lights (2004) (TV film)Steel River Blues (2004) (TV series)Last of the Summer Wine (2003) (TV Series)The Royal (2003) (TV series)Heartbeat (2001) (TV series)Between Two Women (2000) (TV Film)Brookside (1998) (TV series)Peak Practice (1995) (TV series)Coronation Street'' (1989, 1996, 1998, 2000, 2005–2006) (TV series) References External links Scottish male television actors People educated at Irvine Royal Academy Living people People from Irvine, North Ayrshire Bristol Old Vic Alumni of the University of Glasgow 1965 births Scottish male stage actors", "title": "Eric Potts" }, { "docid": "6115696", "text": "Christopher Winton Beeny (7 July 1941 – 3 January 2020) was an English actor and dancer. He had a career as a child actor, but was best known for his work as the footman Edward Barnes on the 1970s television series Upstairs, Downstairs, as Billy Henshaw in the sitcom In Loving Memory (Yorkshire Television), and as the incompetent debt collector and golfer Morton Beamish in Last of the Summer Wine. Early life Beeny was born in London. He moved to Bristol with his family as a young child, spent several years at the Arts Educational School, and later attended the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art. As a child, Beeny began his career at the age of six when he danced for the Ballet Rambert. Beeny's first screen role was in the film The Long Memory (1953). It starred John Mills and featured Thora Hird, Beeny's future co-star in In Loving Memory and Last of the Summer Wine. Television Beeny played Lenny Grove in the first British television soap, the BBC TV series The Grove Family, which was shown on Fridays from 1954 until 1957, (and named after the BBC Studios of Lime Grove Studios), as well as the feature film of the same, called It's a Great Day. He gained notice when he appeared in the highly successful period drama Upstairs, Downstairs (1971–75) as the footman Edward Barnes. He appeared as Geoffrey in the single mother sitcom Miss Jones and Son (1977–78), as Tony in the remake of The Rag Trade (1977–78) and co-starring (as Billy Henshaw) with Thora Hird in a further sitcom, In Loving Memory. In 2001 he made a guest appearance in Last of the Summer Wine, something which he repeated numerous times until 2009 when he joined the cast as a regular character. He appeared originally as the character Herman Teasdale, who later became Morton Beamish. In 2006, he played a cameo role in Emmerdale. Coincidentally, he played the cousin of the character Noreen Bell, who had been played by his Upstairs, Downstairs colleague Jenny Tomasin. Beeny also played cameo roles in BBC TV's Sense & Sensibility and ITV's series Honest. Theatre Beeny's theatre appearances included Stop the World – I Want to Get Off; The Long The Short And The Tall; Scapino; How the Other Half Loves; Night Must Fall; Oliver!; Who Saw Him Die; The Unexpected Guest; Boeing, Boeing; Move Over, Mrs. Markham; Bedroom Farce; Run For Your Wife; Rough Crossing; Present Laughter; Brief Encounter; Caught In The Net; Crazy For You; Ten Times Table, and Lark Rise to Candleford. Beeny also toured in the play There's No Place Like a Home with Gorden Kaye, and in 2011 toured in Five Blue Haired Ladies Sitting On A Park Bench. He appeared in pantomime at the Assembly Hall, Tunbridge Wells in late 2011, early 2012. Beeny's son, James, formed the band Virgin Soldiers in 2009 and co-wrote a production that commemorates the 100th Anniversary of WWI. The production, The Dreamers, premiered at the Assembly Hall", "title": "Christopher Beeny" }, { "docid": "15571434", "text": "Bernard Thompson (25 July 1926 – 19 November 1998) was a British television producer and director most famous for his work on Last of the Summer Wine and Are You Being Served?. Thompson served as producer and director during Last of the Summer Wine's second series. Thompson also served as a director on Are You Being Served?. Filmography Director Are You Being Served? (1972–1973) Last of the Summer Wine (1975) Only Fools and Horses (1981) The District Nurse (1984) Producer Last of the Summer Wine (1975) I Didn't Know You Cared (1975–1979) Only Fools and Horses (1981) References External links 1926 births 1998 deaths BBC television producers British television directors", "title": "Bernard Thompson (director)" }, { "docid": "162431", "text": "William John Owen Rowbotham, (14 March 1914 – 12 July 1999) was an English actor and songwriter. He was the father of actor Tom Owen. He is best known for portraying Compo Simmonite in the Yorkshire-based BBC comedy series Last of the Summer Wine for over a quarter of a century. He died on 12 July 1999, his last appearance on-screen being shown in April 2000. Early life and career Born at Acton Green, London to a working-class family (his father a staunchly left-wing tram-driver), Owen made his first film appearance in 1945, but did not achieve lasting fame until 1973, when he took the co-starring role of William \"Compo\" Simmonite in the long-running British sitcom Last of the Summer Wine. Compo is a scruffy working-class pensioner, often exploited by the bossy characters played by Michael Bates, Brian Wilde, Michael Aldridge and Frank Thornton for dirty jobs, stunts and escapades, while their indomitably docile friend Norman Clegg, played by Peter Sallis, follows and watches with a smirk. He wore a woollen hat and spent much of his time lusting after dowdy housewife Nora Batty. The series, starting in 1973 and finishing in 2010, is today the world's longest-running comedy series. Owen became an icon, a darling of its audience and central to its success and episodes for 26 years, right until his death. The threesome originally consisted of Compo, Clegg and Blamire, played by Michael Bates, followed by Foggy played by Brian Wilde, and Seymour played by Michael Aldridge. After Foggy’s second stint in the role he was replaced in 1997 by Frank Thornton's character Herbert 'Truly' Truelove, who remained in the show until its final episode in 2010. Owen served in the Royal Army Ordnance Corps during World War II, where he was injured in an explosion during a battle training course. His first screen role was in the 1941 short Tank Patrol, produced by the Ministry of Information. During the 1960s, Owen had a successful second career as a songwriter, with compositions including the hit \"Marianne\", recorded by Cliff Richard. At this time he also collaborated with songwriter Tony Russell on the musical The Matchgirls about the London matchgirls strike of 1888. He co-starred as Spike Milligan's straight man in the West End hit Son of Oblomov in 1964. Owen also recorded a novelty song with Kathy Staff in 1983 called \"Nora Batty's Stockings\". Owen was a regular in the early Carry On films - Sergeant (1958), Nurse (1959), Regardless (1961) and Cabby (1963) and also featured in several Lindsay Anderson films including O Lucky Man! (1973) and In Celebration (1974). On TV had had regular roles playing Fred Cuddell in 13 episodes of Taxi! (1963); Sergeant Sam Short in 13 episodes of Copper's End (1971), George Edwards in 4 episodes of Emergency-Ward 10 and George Chambers (Thelma's father) in 4 episodes of Whatever Happened to the Likely Lads?. He also had a cameo appearance in Brideshead Revisited as Lunt, Charles Ryder's scout during his days at the", "title": "Bill Owen (actor)" }, { "docid": "49978291", "text": "Margaret Burton (18 March 1924 — 23 November 1984) was an English actress who appeared in roughly a dozen British films between 1964 and 1985, including in Sex and the Other Woman (1972) and Secrets of a Superstud (1976), and in the TV series The Tomorrow People. Career Burton trained at the Royal Manchester College of Music, and had a successful musical comedy career in the theatre, including as principal boy in pantomime at the London Palladium in 1954, and as Louella Parsons in Marilyn! the Musical at the Adelphi Theatre in 1983. On TV, she played Gordon's mother in the Last of the Summer Wine episode \"Going to Gordon's Wedding\" (1976), and appeared in four episodes of Coronation Street in 1980 as Poppy Watts. Filmography Film Television References External links British film actresses 1924 births 1984 deaths 20th-century British actresses British musical theatre actresses British stage actresses British television actresses", "title": "Margaret Burton (actress)" }, { "docid": "1312030", "text": "Royston Clarke (born 28 January 1930) is an English comedy writer best known for creating the sitcoms Last of the Summer Wine, Keeping Up Appearances, Open All Hours and its sequel series, Still Open All Hours. Early life Clarke was born in Austerfield, then in the West Riding of Yorkshire. He was, in the words of his Who's Who entry, educated \"badly during World War II\". His jobs before becoming a writer included a teacher, a policeman, a taxi driver and a salesman, in addition to being a soldier in the Royal Corps of Signals of the British Army. Career In the late 1960s, Clarke wrote thrillers for BBC Radio. The first in January 1968, The 17-Jewelled Shockproof Swiss-Made Bomb, featured Peter Coke, Ben Kingsley, Bob Grant and Anne Stallybrass. A couple of months later, Clarke wrote The Events at Black Tor, which was a police thriller which also featured Bob Grant, along with James Beck. Clarke was the sole writer of the long-running Last of the Summer Wine, which at its peak had an audience of over 18 million viewers. It featured Bill Owen, Peter Sallis, Brian Wilde, Kathy Staff and Dame Thora Hird in leading roles. While Clarke was not involved in casting, he wrote the character named Clegg with Sallis specifically in mind. Clarke also wrote a prequel to the series, First of the Summer Wine. Other credits are: The Misfit, starring Ronald Fraser; Open All Hours, starring Ronnie Barker and David Jason; Keeping Up Appearances, starring Patricia Routledge; Ain't Misbehavin'. He created and wrote the short-lived fantasy drama, The Wanderer starring Bryan Brown, for Sky One. In 1974, he created the sitcom Oh No It's Selwyn Froggitt from an idea by its star Bill Maynard. He wrote the pilot episode, but left to be replaced by Alan Plater when the programme went to series. Rosie with Paul Greenwood was broadcast from 1977 to 1981. Clarke has worked in film, penning the screenplay to Hawks (1988). He also wrote the well-received drama A Foreign Field (1993). In 1994, Clarke was granted the Freedom of the Borough of Doncaster; the highest honour the Council can bestow. In 2002, he received an OBE for his contribution to British comedy. In 2003, Clarke adapted his Last of the Summer Wine chronicle The Moonbather for a world premiere performance at the Scunthorpe Little Theatre Club. He was awarded the lifetime achievement award at the 2010 British Comedy Awards. In 2013, he resurrected Open All Hours for a sequel series, Still Open All Hours starring David Jason. Six series were broadcast. In 2016, he created a prequel to Keeping Up Appearances titled Young Hyacinth. The one-off episode premiered on 2 September 2016 on BBC One. Personal life Clarke resided in rural Goole in the East Riding of Yorkshire with his wife, Enid Kitching. For some years he owned Horton Rounds in Northamptonshire, a Grade II listed house designed by the Northamptonshire architect Arthur A. J. Marshman. See also Keeping Up Appearances (characters", "title": "Roy Clarke" }, { "docid": "18261960", "text": "Last of the Summer Wine's twelfth series aired on BBC1. All of the episodes were written by Roy Clarke and produced and directed by Alan J. W. Bell. With the departure of Michael Aldridge who had left to nurse his ill wife, the character of Foggy Dewhurst returned to the fold. Outline The trio in this series consisted of: Returning this series Foggy Dewhurst (1976–1985, 1990–1997) Last appearances Seymour Utterthwaite (1986–1990) Barry Wilkinson (1986–1990, 1996–2010) List of episodes Regular series Christmas Special (1990) DVD release The box set for series twelve was released by Universal Playback in December 2008, mislabelled as a box set for series 13 & 14. References See also Last of the Summer Wine series 1990 British television seasons", "title": "Last of the Summer Wine series 12" }, { "docid": "65458", "text": "Ripping Yarns is a British television adventure comedy anthology series. It was written by Michael Palin and Terry Jones of Monty Python fame and transmitted on BBC 2. Following an initial pilot episode in January 1976, it ran for two series — five episodes in September and October 1977 and three episodes in October 1979. Each episode had a different setting and characters, looking at a different aspect of British culture and parodying pre-World War II literature aimed at schoolboys. In the title, \"ripping\" is a chiefly British slang colloquialism for \"exciting\" or \"thrilling\", with \"yarn\" used in the sense of a story. Pilot episode In 1975, the BBC commissioned a pilot episode from Palin and Jones, which was envisaged to be a light entertainment comedy piece. The result was Tomkinson's Schooldays (a title loosely inspired by Tom Brown's Schooldays and suggested by BBC director Terry Hughes). Palin and Jones both wrote and starred in multiple roles. Once the series was picked up, Jones did not appear in any further episodes, following a decision by Jimmy Gilbert that it should be a “Michael Palin series”. Episodes The nine episodes and their original airdates are: First series \"Tomkinson's Schooldays\" – pilot – 7 January 1976 \"The Testing of Eric Olthwaite\" – 27 September 1977 \"Escape from Stalag Luft 112B\" – 4 October 1977 \"Murder at Moorstones Manor\" – 11 October 1977 \"Across the Andes by Frog\" – 18 October 1977 \"The Curse of the Claw\" – 25 October 1977 Second series \"Whinfrey's Last Case\" – 10 October 1979 \"Golden Gordon\" – 17 October 1979 \"Roger of the Raj\" – 24 October 1979 Production details Tomkinson's Schooldays was shot on videotape in front of a studio audience, with filmed exterior scenes. The remaining episodes were all shot on film, and were originally shown with laugh tracks (recorded by showing each completed film to an audience), but with a couple of exceptions these have been omitted from reruns. In 2014, the series was repeated on BBC4, commencing with Tomkinson's Schooldays on 3 April. This broadcast included a laugh track. The first episode was preceded by a documentary, Alexander Armstrong's Real Ripping Yarns, which examined the assumptions and outlook of the original boys' magazines of which Ripping Yarns were a parody. Both Palin and Jones contributed to the programme. The theme tune for the series was Fanfare from the ‘Facade Suite No. 2', by Sir William Walton, played by the City of Birmingham Orchestra, conducted by Louis Frémaux. Directors Terry Hughes, who had directed The Two Ronnies and would later direct The Golden Girls and 3rd Rock from the Sun, directed early episodes of Ripping Yarns. Jim Franklin, known for The Goodies, directed other episodes and two episodes in the second series were directed by Alan J. W. Bell, known for The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy and Last of the Summer Wine. Bell used Michael Radford, who later became noted for the films Nineteen Eighty-Four, White Mischief and Il Postino, as cinematographer. Cast", "title": "Ripping Yarns" }, { "docid": "1401383", "text": "Gordon Wharmby (6 November 1933 – 18 May 2002) was an English television actor. He was best known for the role of Wesley Pegden on Last of the Summer Wine. He was born in Salford, Lancashire, in 1933, and served in the Royal Air Force during his national service. Wharmby was originally employed as a painter and decorator and had no formal training as an actor. He gained stage experience with Oldham Repertory Theatre and worked part-time as a jobbing actor. Early television roles included bit-parts in programmes such as Bill Brand (1976), The One and Only Phyllis Dixey (1978), and Coronation Street (1982), and Heartbeat (1994). Wharmby made his debut in Last of the Summer Wine in 1982, after initially auditioning for a one-line part and impressing director Alan J.W. Bell. Bell cast him as boilersuit wearing, tinkering mechanic and would-be inventor Wesley Pegden. Wharmby appeared as a regular cast member for 16 series between 1985 and 2002 alongside Dame Thora Hird as his nagging wife, Edie, from 1986. Although initially overawed at working with Hird, Wharmby eventually started giving her \"notes\", to the veteran actress's great amusement. Wharmby had small roles in programmes such as Troy Kennedy Martin's nuclear thriller Edge of Darkness (1985), Brookside (1985), All Creatures Great and Small (1988), A Very British Coup (1988), Coronation Street as a milkman (1982) Agatha Christie's Poirot (1990), Heartbeat (1994), and Hetty Wainthropp Investigates (1996). At his time of death, he had been due to start recording the 24th series of Last of the Summer Wine. Wharmby died of lung cancer on 18 May 2002, aged 68. Wharmby and his wife Muriel had no children. References External links Obituary at bbc.co.uk Deaths from lung cancer in Wales English male television actors Male actors from Salford 1933 births 2002 deaths 20th-century English male actors 21st-century English male actors", "title": "Gordon Wharmby" }, { "docid": "1401516", "text": "Kathy Staff (born Minnie Higginbottom; 12 July 1928 – 13 December 2008) was an English actress known for her work on British television. She is best known for her portrayal of Nora Batty in Last of the Summer Wine, the longest running sitcom in the world. Career Early career She began her acting career with touring repertory companies in 1946, changing her name to Katherine Brant. After she married John Staff in 1951, she adopted the surname as her stage name, hence Kathy Staff. She retired from the stage at this point to raise her family, but started working as an extra for Granada Television in Manchester in the 1960s. In her autobiography, Staff revealed herself to be a Conservative, and noted that she had once stood as an election candidate for the party. This appears to have been in 1971, when a Ms. M. Staff contested the Central ward in the Municipal Borough of Dukinfield. The seat was comfortably held by Labour, with the Liberals beating all three Conservative candidates, the last-placed of whom was Staff. Last of the Summer Wine Staff was best known for her role as one of the main characters, Nora Batty, in the long-running BBC sitcom Last of the Summer Wine. She played Nora Batty from the pilot episode in 1973 until 2008, the year she died from a brain tumour, totalling 245 episodes. Following the death of actor Bill Owen on 12 July 1999, Staff left the show briefly. She stated in interviews that things just were not the same since his death, and her heart was no longer in it. She would later return to the show and remain until her death in 2008. Television Staff had a regular role as Doris Luke in the popular ATV soap opera, Crossroads from 1978 to 1984 and 2001 to 2002. Her other television roles included Coronation Street as Vera Hopkins, No Frills as Molly Bickerstaff, Open All Hours as Mrs Blewitt, Dawson's Weekly and The Benny Hill Show. She appeared in a television version of Separate Tables in 1983. She was the subject of This Is Your Life in 1984 when she was surprised by Eamonn Andrews while shopping in Harrods. She also appeared on Lily Savage's Blankety Blank, plus a brief appearance in Follyfoot. Theatre Her theatre roles included Lady Bracknell in The Importance of Being Earnest at Birmingham Rep, Madame Arcati and Mrs Malaprop in touring productions of Blithe Spirit and The Rivals respectively and a touring production of the comedy Sailor, Beware!, as well as two West End plays: the farce Two into One and comedy When We Are Married, and many pantomimes. Films She appeared in A Kind of Loving (1962) as Thora Hird's neighbour, as well as The Family Way (1966), The Dresser (1983), Camille (1984), Little Dorrit (1988), and Mary Reilly (1996). Illness and death Staff died on 13 December 2008 at the Willow Wood Hospice in Ashton-under-Lyne, at the age of 80, with her husband John at", "title": "Kathy Staff" }, { "docid": "3877355", "text": "Wyatt's Watchdogs is a 30-minute BBC1 situation comedy that starred Brian Wilde and Trevor Bannister. Created and written by Miles Tredinnick, the six-episode series was transmitted in the autumn of 1988. Alan J. W. Bell directed and the music was composed by Ronnie Hazlehurst. Although not initially written with him in mind, the series was developed as a vehicle for Wilde after he had left the cast of Last of the Summer Wine three years prior. Although initially getting passable ratings, the BBC felt that the sitcom had not really caught on, and it was dropped after one series; Wilde returned to Last of the Summer Wine in 1990. Overview The show was set in the fictional commuter village of Bradly Bush although actually filmed on location in Claygate, Surrey, England. Retired soldier Major John Wyatt (Brian Wilde) is spurred into action after his sister Edwina's (Anne Ridler) home is burgled in broad daylight. Ignoring correct police procedures, he forms his own Neighbourhood Watch group of incompetents and patrols the streets in his Range Rover known locally as the 'Dogmobile'. The Watch members are a hopeless bunch drawn together to fight crime, and bungling and personality clashes are highly evident. Brian Wilde as Major Wyatt clashes worst of all with Peter Pitt (Trevor Bannister), a smooth-talking womaniser and burglar-alarm salesman. He only has two things in mind – to flog his alarms and meet women! Other regular characters include the glamorous man-eater Virginia (April Walker), an interfering Vicar (David Jackson), and a frustrated police sergeant, Springer (James Warrior). The show actually had the working title of Every Street Should Have One but this was changed at the last minute to Wyatt's Watchdogs. The reason being that the BBC were transmitting the programme on Monday evenings straight after ITV's Coronation Street but before another BBC show called Streets Apart. Much of the series was devised to act as a vehicle for Wilde, who had left his role as Foggy Dewhurst in Last of the Summer Wine in 1985 over creative differences with Alan J. W. Bell. The character of Wyatt shared a number of similarities with Foggy, particularly with them both having a military background, although Wyatt was far more assertive and not afraid of conflict as Foggy was. Although it performed moderately in its time-slot, the BBC felt – who had hoped that, starring Wilde, it would have gained much of Last of the Summer Wines viewing figures – that the programme had not really caught on with viewers, and it was dropped after its initial series. However, with the production of this series, Wilde and Bell managed to settle their differences regarding Last of the Summer Wine, and two years later in 1990, when the next series of Summer Wine was due to start filming and actor Michael Aldridge left the show to look after his sick wife, Brian agreed to return as Foggy Dewhurst, staying with the series for seven more years. Episodes and cast All episodes starred", "title": "Wyatt's Watchdogs" }, { "docid": "17584154", "text": "Last of the Summer Wine's fourth series originally aired on BBC1 between 9 November 1977 and 4 January 1978. All episodes from this series were written by Roy Clarke and produced and directed by Sydney Lotterby. The fourth series was released on DVD in region 2 as a combined box set with series 3 on 26 July 2004. A box set featuring just series 4 was released for region 1 on 9 September 2008. Outline The trio in this series consisted of: List of episodes Regular series Christmas Special (1978) DVD release The box set for series 3 and 4 was released by Universal Playback in July 2004. In addition, Last of the Summer Wine: Vintage 1977 has been released on 9 September 2008 in Region 1 and included all episodes from the fourth series including a rare 1977 interview with Roy Clarke. Notes References External links Series 4 at the Internet Movie Database Last of the Summer Wine series 1977 British television seasons 1978 British television seasons", "title": "Last of the Summer Wine series 4" }, { "docid": "1422758", "text": "Josephine Ann Tewson (26 February 1931 – 18 August 2022) was an English actress, known for her roles in British television sitcoms and comedies. She portrayed Edna Hawkins (\"Mrs H\") on Shelley (1979–1982), Jane Travers in Clarence (1988), and Miss Lucinda Davenport in Last of the Summer Wine (2003–2010). She portrayed the frequently put-upon neighbour Elizabeth \"Liz\" Warden in Keeping Up Appearances (1990–1995). Tewson's professional career lasted more than 65 years, from 1952 until her retirement in 2019. Early life and education Tewson, an only child, was born on her father's twenty seventh birthday in Hampstead, London, on 26 February 1931. Her father, William (1904–1965) was a professional musician and played the double bass in the BBC Symphony Orchestra; her mother, Kate (née Morley, 1908–1999), was a nurse, the daughter of footballer Haydn Morley, who captained The Wednesday in the 1890 FA Cup Final. After grammar school, Tewson studied at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art from which she graduated in 1952. Early career Tewson began acting on the London stage in the 1950s and remained active in theater productions throughout her professional career. She appeared on television during the 1960s with semi-regular appearances on shows like Z-Cars, The Dick Emery Show, and The Charlie Drake Show. She was a regular comedy performer in sketches on David Frost on Sunday and Hark at Barker (1969–1970). She later appeared in Mostly Monkhouse, a BBC Radio comedy with David Jason and Bob Monkhouse. During the 1970s she had significant roles in comedy sitcoms including Six Dates with Barker, Coppers End (1971), and 1977's Odd Man Out with John Inman playing his half-sibling. She co-starred in No Appointment Necessary with Roy Kinnear; the tapes of which have been lost or destroyed. Tewson played Edna Hawkins (usually referred to as \"Mrs H\" by Shelley) in the first six series of the British sitcom Shelley (1979–82). Later, she played Jane Travers in Ronnie Barker's last starring television role before his retirement, the sitcom Clarence (1988), which he wrote. She appeared as two characters in the 1984 children's film Gabrielle and the Doodleman, as Gabrielle's father's housekeeper Mrs. Briggs, and as the Fairy Godmother. Tewson was rumoured to be Inman's cousin though she denied this in several interviews. Later career Tewson's most prominent role was as Elizabeth \"Liz\" Warden, neighbour and reluctant confidante of social wannabe Hyacinth Bucket in the comedy series Keeping Up Appearances, written by Roy Clarke. She appeared semi-regularly as Miss Davenport in Last of the Summer Wine (2003–2010), a series also written by Clarke. She appeared in two episodes of the documentary series Comedy Connections, talking about her work in Keeping Up Appearances (2004) and opposite The Two Ronnies (2005). In 2009, she played Iris in the radio drama Leaves in Autumn written by Susan Casanove, produced by the Wireless Theatre Company. Other television appearances included an episode of Heartbeat (\"Closing The Book\", 2002), and as competition judge Samantha Johnstone in the mystery drama Midsomer Murders (\"Judgement Day\", 2000). She appeared in", "title": "Josephine Tewson" } ]	[ "Philip Jackson" ]
train_45952	who won this past season of america 's got talent	[ { "docid": "57001539", "text": "The thirteenth season of American talent show competition series America's Got Talent was broadcast on NBC from May 29 to September 19, 2018. There were no major changes to the program during the season; the guest judges for this season's Judge Cuts episodes were Ken Jeong, Olivia Munn, Martina McBride, and Chris Hardwick. The thirteenth season was won by close-up magician Shin Lim, with acrobatic group Zurcaroh finishing second, and electric violinist Brian King Joseph placing third. During its broadcast, the season averaged around 11.15 million viewers. Season overview Open auditions were held in late 2017 within Orlando, Cincinnati, Savannah, Milwaukee, Houston, Las Vegas, New York City, Nashville, and Los Angeles (while online auditions were accepted). As in previous years, the judges' auditions were held and filmed in March 2017 at the Pasadena Civic Auditorium in Los Angeles. The Judge Cuts episodes included actor Ken Jeong, actress Olivia Munn, singer Martina McBride and comedian Chris Hardwick appearing as guest judges. Simon Cowell interrupted the performances of two singers during the Judge Cuts asking them to sing a different song because he disliked their original choice. Thirty-six of the participants auditioning secured a place in the live quarter-finals, with twelve quarter-finalists appearing in each of the shows. Among the contestants: acrobatic group Zurcaroh, singer Michael Ketterer, singer Courtney Hadwin, singer Amanda Mena, and singer Makayla Phillips who had each received a golden buzzer from the main judges and host; choir Voices of Hope, choir Angel City Chorale, ballroom dancers Quin and Misha, and rapper Flau’jae who had each received a Golden Buzzer from the guest judges; opera singer Daniel Emmet, novelty water-spitting act Human Fountains, and multimedia performance group Front Pictures who were chosen as Wildcard quarter-finalists. Twenty-two quarter-finalists advanced and appeared in two semi-finals (eleven in each show), including Front Pictures which was chosen again by the judges (as the Wildcard semi-finalist); ten semi-finalists securing a place in the finals. The chart below lists the results of each participant's overall performance in this season: \| \| \| \| \| Wildcard Quarter-finalist \| Wildcard Semi-finalist Golden Buzzer - Auditions \| Golden Buzzer - Judge Cuts Ages denoted for a participant(s), pertain to their final performance for this season. Quarter-finals summary Buzzed Out \| Judges' choice \| \| \| Quarter-final 1 (August 14) Guest Performer, Results Show: Darci Lynne Quarter-final 2 (August 21) Guest Performers, Results Show: The Illusionists, and Light Balance Cowell and Mel B both originally buzzed Yumbo Dump, but later retracted their buzzers. Front Pictures were later appointed as the judges' WildCard semi-finalist. Quarter-final 3 (August 28) Guest Performers, Results Show: Cast of Beautiful: The Carole King Musical Semi-finals summary Buzzed Out \| Judges' choice \| \| \| Semi-final 1 (September 4) Semi-final 2 (September 11) Guest Performers, Results Show: BTS and cast of A Magical Cirque Christmas Finals (September 18–19) Guest Performers, Finale: Kiss \| \| \| Brian King Joseph & Duo Transcend conducted a joint routine for their second performance, and thus shared the same guest performer.", "title": "America's Got Talent season 13" }, { "docid": "57545813", "text": "Zurcaroh (pronounced ZOO-CA-ROW) is an acrobatic show group based in Götzis, Vorarlberg (Austria), and directed by Brazilian choreographer Peterson da Cruz Hora. The group became internationally known after they won a golden buzzer on the 2017 season of France's Got Talent and again in 2018 on season 13 of America's Got Talent, when they finished second overall. History Peterson da Cruz Hora, a choreographer from São Paulo, originally founded the group in 2007 in Brazil. In 2009, after moving to Austria, he decided to refound the group there with a local crew. Their first international appearance as an Austrian group occurred in 2011, in Lausanne, Switzerland. Some of the moves and routines are unique or rarely seen in dance routines. These include multiple flips at once and circus style trapeze acts. One move has two dancers doing cartwheel-style somersaults off the ground, landing each revolution on fellow performers' arms. Another has a dancer acting as a jump rope. Peterson explained why it was important for the troupe to audition for AGT, \"Because this is the biggest stage in the world where we can share our skills and our talent.\" He went on to say how the group accepts dancers, gymnasts, and acrobats at all levels. As of May 2018, there were 31 members in the troupe. They are based in Götzis, a town in the highly populated Rhine valley in the west of Austria. Performances Zurcaroh represented Austria at World Gymnaestrada in Helsinki in July 2015; the event is held every four years. Zurcaroh earned a golden buzzer from David Ginola in 2017 on season 12 of La France a un incroyable talent (France has incredible talent), warranting their participation in the finals. America's Got Talent The group performed on the first show of season 13 of America's Got Talent in 2018. The act consisted of \"daring acrobatics and precise synchronicity.\" Afterwards, each of the judges reacted favorably to the performance. Simon Cowell called it \"incredible\" and \"breathtaking.\" Host Tyra Banks gave them a golden buzzer, which allowed them to advance directly to the live shows. In the quarterfinals, Zurcaroh conducted a dance piece based on the Biblical story of Adam and Eve. It was once again favorably received. So was their performance in the semifinals, which had an Ancient Egyptian theme. Journalist Carolyn Lipka wrote this about Zurcaroh following the semifinals performance: In the finals, Zurcaroh performed a routine to Baba Yetu. The performance was set in a jungle and featured their usual acrobatic maneuvers. It received the loudest applause from the crowd out of the ten acts that performed that night. The first judge to comment after the performance, Howie Mandel, had his voice almost completely drowned out by applause from the audience. In the end, Zurcaroh finished second as runner up to magician Shin Lim. References Dance groups Performing groups established in 2009 America's Got Talent contestants Vorarlberg", "title": "Zurcaroh" } ]	[ { "docid": "61572643", "text": "V. Unbeatable (also known as Vikas Unbeatable) is a Mumbai-based dance crew. They rose to fame in India when they took part in the dance series Dance Plus for season 4 in 2018 and finished in the top 4. They received international coverage when they took part in season 14 of America's Got Talent and received a Golden Buzzer from basketball player and guest judge Dwyane Wade. In February 2020, they won season 2 of America's Got Talent: The Champions. The dancers come from the slums of Mumbai. There they lived under poor conditions with little electricity or clean drinking water, and up to six or seven people living in a single room. In principle, they danced in secret. Background The V in the name stands for Vikas, after a former crew member, Vikas Gupta, who died performing stunts during a rehearsal. In 2018, they competed on the Indian dance competition Dance Plus season 4 in Team Dharmesh Yelande and finished in 4th place. Prior to this they had taken part in a reality show called India Banega Manch. America's Got Talent On America's Got Talent in 2019, V. Unbeatable's Judge Cuts performance consisted of an acrobatic dance routine in tribute to their fallen founder, which included flipping members over the judges' table and into chairs held high above them. Howie Mandel, Gabrielle Union, Julianne Hough, Simon Cowell, and guest judge Dwyane Wade all gave them standing ovations. Impressed with their performance, Wade hit the Golden Buzzer, sending V. Unbeatable directly to the quarterfinals. They made it past the semifinals and performed in the finals. In the end, they took 4th place in the 2019 AGT. America's Got Talent: The Champions V. Unbeatable returned to America's Got Talent: The Champions in 2020 (the second season of the show) after coming 4th in America's Got Talent. After their first performance, they received a golden buzzer from judge Howie Mandel, sending the dance group straight to the finals along with three other contestants. After a stunning performance in the finals and a performance with Travis Barker in the results episode they proceeded to make the Top 5. After announcing the 5th, 4th and 3rd place acts they announced the winner. In the end they won the competition receiving the title of \"World Champion\", a cash prize and the grand champions trophy. America's Got Talent: Fantasy League In 2024, V.Unbeatable was announced to be taking part in another AGT spinoff, America's Got Talent: Fantasy League on Howie Mandel's team. During the semi-final episode on February 5, 2024, they received the golden buzzer from Heidi Klum sending them to the finals on her team. They finished in third place. Television References America's Got Talent contestants Indian dance groups", "title": "V.Unbeatable" }, { "docid": "74947292", "text": "Adrian Stoica is a Romanian-born dog trainer in Italy, best known for winning season 18 of America's Got Talent along with his dog, Hurricane in 2023. Background Adrian Stoica Adrian Stoica was born in Brașov, Romania, and was 45 as of 2023, having migrated to Italy at age 20. He is a professional dog trainer. Adrian has been a dog trainer for several years and has been a six-time disc dog world champion. He has gained fame for his proficiency in training dogs. Adrian has participated in multiple national and international competitions with his dogs. Prior to auditioning for America's Got Talent, Stoica and Hurricane participated in Italia's Got Talent in 2017, and Românii au talent in 2018 and 2022. Hurricane Hurricane was born in 2014 in Romania. Hurricane is a female Border Collie who was abandoned as a puppy, but after getting abandoned, Adrian rescued it. America's Got Talent In 2023, Stoica and Hurricane entered the eighteenth season of America's Got Talent. They made it to the final where they won US $1,000,000 and a show in Las Vegas. At the final on 27 September, they beat out runners-up Anna DeGuzman and Murmuration. They became the second dog act, after Olate Dogs, to win the show. After America's Got Talent Following their win, Stoica and Hurricane were one of 40 acts that previously appeared on a Got Talent show globally, to be nominated for the spin-off series, America's Got Talent: Fantasy League, which began on 1 January 2024. Stoica Hurricane competed on the team mentored by Simon Cowell, with their initial performance airing on 8 January. They were eliminated in the semi-finals on 5 February. References People from Brașov Romanian emigrants to Italy Dog training and behavior America's Got Talent winners 1970s births Living people", "title": "Adrian Stoica" }, { "docid": "70529016", "text": "Marina Mazepa (; born May 7, 1997) is a Ukrainian actress, model, dancer, and contortionist. She is known for competing in the fourteenth season of America's Got Talent and reaching the quarterfinals. She has also competed in talent show competitions such as So You Think You Can Dance, France's Got Talent, and Ukraine's Everybody Dance! As an actress, she has appeared in films such as Malignant, The Unholy, and Resident Evil: Welcome to Raccoon City. Early life Mazepa was born on May 7, 1997, in Konotop, Ukraine. She has an older brother named Ruslan. She began taking folk dance lessons at the age of 5. Her ninth grade teacher urged her to join the Academy of Circus and Variety Arts in Kyiv, despite the objections of her parents, who wished for her to study law. She began attending the academy after her parents relented when she passed her school exams and received a scholarship. Career In 2015, Mazepa won The Challenge Ukrainian Dance Championship in the Contemporary Solo Varsity category. She also starred in a lead role in the dance circus show \"Fairytale Show: Alice in Wonderland Countries\". In the same year, she also competed in the televised Ukrainian dance competition Everybody Dance!, which is based on the format of America's So You Think You Can Dance. She made it into the competition's top 5. From 2016 to 2017, Mazepa performed as a contortionist at Europa-Park's \"Cirque d'Europe\" dinner show. In 2017, she also served as a pole-contortion performer in the park's \"Night Beat Angels\" show. In 2017, she performed in the Young Stage International Circus Festival as a pole dance artist. Mazepa also served as a dance trainer and choreographer at the 2017 Ladies Only Festival in Germany. She also competed in the 12th season of France's Got Talent, reaching the finals. In the same year, she starred in the music video for the song \"Freedom or Sweet Captivity\" by Russian singer Valery Meladze. In 2018, Mazepa competed on the original So You Think You Can Dance program in the United States. She passed the first round of auditions, but decided not to continue on the show so she could prepare for her America's Got Talent audition. Mazepa moved to Los Angeles after finishing her contract as a choreographer for a circus-style show in Las Vegas. Shortly afterwards in 2019, she showcased her skills as a dancer and contortionist on America's Got Talent, before being eliminated in the quarterfinals. In 2020, she joined the cast of the Sam Raimi-produced horror film, The Unholy, based on the novel Shrine. Mazepa was the primary contortionist who portrayed the character Gabriel in James Wan's horror film Malignant, which was released in 2021. She also portrayed Lisa Trevor in the 2021 film Resident Evil: Welcome to Raccoon City. In the same year, she also served as the face of high-heel footwear brand United Nude's Spring/Summer 2021 campaign. In September 2023, Mazepa played Gretel in The Continental. Filmography Film Television References External links Contortionists", "title": "Marina Mazepa" }, { "docid": "23636724", "text": "Patrick Kevin Skinner (born February 25, 1974) is an American country music singer from the Jackson Purchase region of Kentucky. He is the winner of the fourth season of America's Got Talent. Early life and career Skinner is from the Dublin community of Graves County, Kentucky, and started playing the guitar when he was 12 years old. He has been playing, writing, and singing ever since he learned the art of music from his musician father, Joe, who is a fan of Hank Williams. Skinner is divorced and has two children, a daughter and a son. He has worked as a chicken catcher for several years and claims to have caught with his friends up to 60,000 chickens in one night. America's Got Talent Audition Skinner performed in a live audition on the August 4, 2009 episode of America's Got Talent. He became a fan favorite in the show after his performance of Garth Brooks' \"If Tomorrow Never Comes\" while strumming his guitar. Judges Piers Morgan, Sharon Osbourne, and David Hasselhoff all voted \"Yes\", sending him to the Vegas Round. Vegas Round Skinner then appeared without performing in the Vegas Round. His audition was strong enough for the judges to send him to the Quarterfinals in Episode 411. Quarterfinals His Week 1 Quarterfinals performance in Episode 413 consisted of singing Bob Dylan's \"Make You Feel My Love\" while playing the guitar. Kevin received enough votes to be sent to the Semifinals in Episode 414 instead of Mosaic. Semifinals The Week 1 Semifinals performance in Episode 421 consisted of Skinner guitar playing and singing \"Always On My Mind\" by Brenda Lee. Piers Morgan gave him a standing ovation, saying that singing from the heart and soul with real, raw emotion is the whole story about him while the two of them were both teary-eyed as well as the audience, in which Kevin was reminded that he had the ability to move an audience in a way that Piers never saw on AGT before concluding that Kevin is one of his favorites to win the season. In the end, Kevin received enough votes to be sent to the Finals in Episode 422 instead of Acrodunk basketball trampoline dance group. Finals Later in the Finals, Skinner's performance in Episode 425 consisted of singing his rendition of Aerosmith's \"I Don't Want to Miss a Thing\" while playing his guitar and having a backup band and vocals. Judge Piers said the rendition wasn't perfect and had a missed odd note with little flattened places, but described the moment as the point of Skinner's journey as a \"rough diamond\", needing professional training. But remembering the words on how Hasselhoff described Skinner, Piers said that he was what the show was created for while being unemployed and catching chickens the past year at that time. But despite those obstacles, it was a better way for America itself to get out of its recession and have Skinner compete in the show. Even though Sharon said that he doesn't", "title": "Kevin Skinner" }, { "docid": "28129490", "text": "Indonesia's Got Talent is an Indonesian talent variety show on RCTI (Indosiar in 2010 and SCTV in 2014) that began July 23, 2010. It is based on the Got Talent franchise, a British TV format conceived and owned by Simon Cowell's SYCO company. Indonesia Mencari Bakat, broadcast on Trans TV, was copied from the original Got Talent format. However, Indonesia Mencari Bakat was more successful than the original format in terms of TV ratings, especially in first and third season. Viewers are able to join through text and online registration via Internet. Auditions are held in key cities such as Surabaya, Medan, Bandung, Jakarta, Palembang, Jogjakarta, Makassar, Padang, Bali, and Banjarmasin. Judges, Presenters and Winners Season 1 Indonesia's Got Talent on the first appearance was hosted by Tora Sudiro and Vincent Rompies. The judges panel was made up of an Indonesian diva Vina Panduwinata, actor Anjasmara, and senior actress Ria Irawan. The first appearance of Indonesia's Got Talent aired July 23, 2010. This season delayed for two years. This season would supposed to be premiered on 2008. The first appearance of Indonesia's Got Talent had the winner Vania Larissa, and for the winner, Rp100.000.000,- will be granted for her. Season 2 In December 2013, FremantleMedia and SCTV announced that season 2 would launch in 2014 with a new host broadcaster on SCTV, new hosts and a stellar line up of judges. Anggun, Ari Lasso, Indy Barends and Jay Subiyakto were the new judging panel and with Evan Sanders and Ibnu Jamil as hosts. The new look series was based on Britain's Got Talent with X Factor Indonesia and Indonesian Idol Executive Producer, Glenn Sims as show runner and Sacha Watimena (from Pilipinas Got Talent) as Executive Producer. The prize for season two was the biggest ever offered on an Indonesian TV series with an IDR 500,000,000 (approximately $41,000) cash prize for the winner together with a management contract with Sony Entertainment and Syco. The second season of Indonesia's Got Talent had the winner Putri Ariani, and for the winner, Rp.500.000.000,- will be granted for her. Now, she compete and got the Golden Buzzer by Cowell on season 18 of America's Got Talent. She's now placed 4th behind the runners - up, Murmuration and Anna DeGuzman and also this season's winner of the show, Adrian Stoica and Hurricane. Season 3 In February 2022, Fremantle and RCTI announced that season 3 would launch in 2022 with a new host broadcaster on RCTI and will be hosted by Robby Purba, who was also the host of Syco's adoption singing talent show, X Factor Indonesia. The judges panel was made up of an Indonesian diva Rossa, fashion designer and television host Ivan Gunawan, actor, television host, and ex-basketball player, Denny Sumargo and Indonesian content creator and YouTuber, Reza Oktovian. Pasheman 90, as flag hoisting troop dancers are the winner of Indonesia's Got Talent for this appearance. It marking the first winning of variety talent on this appearance, after the two first appearance that won", "title": "Indonesia's Got Talent" }, { "docid": "70442912", "text": "The seventeenth season of the American talent show competition series America's Got Talent premiered on NBC on May 31, 2022, and concluded on September 14, 2022. This season featured the return of a full audience without COVID-19 restrictions, which had begun during the fifteenth season. The season was won by dance group Mayyas, with pole dancer Kristy Sellars finishing second, and singer and guitarist Drake Milligan placing third. Production On March 31, 2022, it was announced that the entire main cast from the previous season would return for the new season and that the season would premiere on May 31. Originally, host Terry Crews announced the 'end of an era' in September 2021, stating that the season sixteen finale of America's Got Talent and the series finale of Brooklyn Nine-Nine had marked the end of his deal with NBC. Judge Howie Mandel was partially absent from the June 14, July 19, and August 2 episodes, and was entirely absent in the July 12 episode, due to contracting COVID-19 at the 2022 Kids' Choice Awards. Additionally, judge Sofía Vergara was absent from the judge deliberations at Simon Cowell's house. The live shows for the season were held at the Pasadena Civic Auditorium, the same venue where auditions have been filmed since season eleven. The live shows had been held at the Dolby Theatre since the same season, excluding season fifteen, during which the live shows were held at Universal Studios Hollywood. Season overview Judge Simon Cowell and host Terry Crews featured their favorite Golden Buzzer recipients from the previous seasons in a special retrospective episode on July 5. Singer Nightbirde from season sixteen was ranked as the number one Golden Buzzer in AGT history. Inspired by Nightbirde, who died from cancer in February 2022, Lebanese dance group Mayyas previously honored her during an audition episode on June 21. They received a Golden Buzzer from judge Sofía Vergara. For the second time in AGT history (the first in season sixteen), a group Golden Buzzer was given by all the judges and host on the July 19 episode, to country trio Chapel Hart for their original song \"You Can Have Him Jolene\". Unlike previous seasons of AGT, the live show format was changed to accommodate the top 55 acts, which were divided into five qualifying rounds of eleven acts (two acts from each qualifying round plus a wildcard advanced to the finals), instead of the usual quarter-final and semi-final rounds. In the judge deliberations portion of the episode aired on August 2, the judges selected 54 of the top 55 spots. Following this episode, a public vote was opened to allow viewers to vote the last act into the live shows. Danger act Auzzy Blood, singers Ben Waites and Debbii Dawson, and comedian Jordan Conley were all in contention for the final spot in the top 55. During the August 9 live show, it was announced that Conley had won the America's Wildcard vote. During the final qualifying round results show on September", "title": "America's Got Talent season 17" }, { "docid": "34287445", "text": "The third series of China's Got Talent, also known as Head & Shoulders China's Got Talent for sponsor reasons, premiered on DragonTV on November 13, 2011 with a look at the pre-audition process for the first time. The judges audition process for the third series premieres a week after. Special Guest The first episode at the 3rd Season the show opened with special guest such as Tian Ma, (winner of the 2nd season and Daniela Anahi Bessia a famous Expat in China. Auditions Auditions were held in Shanghai Concert Hall. Former judge Gao Xiaosong, Chinese modern dancer Huang Doudou, and series one winner, Liu Wei shared judging duties when Jerry Huang was absent. Actress and host Ni Ping shared hosting duties when Annie Yi was absent. The only judge that was not absent in all seven auditions was Zhou Libo, which was his last season as a judge. Top 14 Selection Show This round is a new format for the show. Acts (with the exception of contestants who already had advanced or eliminated in the beginning of the show) need to perform second time for the judges at the Shanghai Arena who then pick select acts to move on to the semifinals in Beijing at Great Hall of the People. Italics are wild cards that were given a second chance and be added to the top 14 which makes it 16. Semifinals The semifinals began on January 15, 2011. The Great Hall of the People in Beijing was the venue for the semifinals. Cui Yongyuan, a very popular Chinese host joins Zhou Libo and Jerry Huang as judges. Rules When the contestant is performing, judges can press their buzzers if the judges dislike the performance. When all three buzzer is pressed, the contestant must stop. When the contestant is finished with their performance, a media jury of 143 can vote by raising signs that were given to them: yes (blue-colored signs) or no (red-colored signs). The most votes from the jury's votes will be automatically be in the finals. For second finalist, each of three judges has a chance of giving 10 votes to the 7 remaining contestants. Contestant who gets the most votes advance to the final. For the third finalist, judges vote between the third and fourth place contestants, and choose the best of three. Italics indicate the second stage where each judges gave 10 points to their favorites. The contestants with the most votes combined with the jury points and judges' points will be the second finalist of the week. Week 1 (Jan 15th, 2012) Week 2 (Jan 16th, 2012) Finals Guest performers and presenters Season 6 of America's Got Talents contestant Those Funny Little People performed with China's Got Talent series 1's semifinalist, Zhu Jie as she sang Over the Rainbow. Those Funny Little People also performed and sang It's Raining Men. Series 2's winner of Britain's Got Talent, George Sampson performer a hip-hop dance routine with Zhuo Jun, winner of China's Got Talent (series 2).", "title": "China's Got Talent series 3" }, { "docid": "17408159", "text": "The third season of American talent show competition series America's Got Talent was broadcast on NBC from June 17 to October 1, 2008. After the conclusion of the second season, changes to the program included the creation of additional audition episodes in the broadcast schedule, the involvement of quarter-finals in the competition, and doubling the number of participants that advanced from the boot camp stage. Between August 7–26, the show had a planned break to avoid clashing with the network's live coverage of the 2008 Summer Olympics. The third season was won by opera singer Neal E. Boyd, with singer and pianist Eli Mattson finishing in second place, and violinists Nuttin' But Stringz placing third. During its broadcast, the season averaged roughly over 10.75 million viewers. Season overview Following the previous season, auditions took place in five major cities: New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, Dallas, and Atlanta. Additional rounds of auditions were made online via Myspace and Facebook. Changes to the schedule of live episodes were due to the 2008 Summer Olympics, since the event received live coverage on NBC. The program was on hiatus between August 7–26, in order to avoid it clashing with the network's schedule of the sporting event. The third season had a number of additional changes put into place with the program's format, following the second season, two of which brought it along a similar arrangement used for Britain's Got Talent. Editing of filmed auditions for their respective episodes were conducted in a similar manner to the British edition, with footage in each episode consisting of a montage chosen from each major city whose venue featured audition sessions. For example, a collection of auditions (both minor and notable from Dallas), preceded those from another major city following a commercial break. Participants in live rounds were determined by two separate votes, while the public decided the first four to advance, and the judges chose the fifth participant to join them (from those who placed 5th and 6th respectively in the public vote). The remaining changes included an expanded number of participants for the \"Las Vegas Callback\" stage of auditions, along with cosmetic updates to the program. Alongside a new title card, the judges' table and the red \"Xs\" were re-styled to match the design of those used in Britain's Got Talent. Results episodes for this season were arranged on a sporadic schedule alongside live episodes, rather than a pre-ordained arrangement after the last two seasons. Quarter-finals had their results announced on the same day. Semi-finals and the knockout final among the top ten were done the day after the performance episode had been broadcast. The grand-finale's results were aired a week after the performance episode. Forty of the participants who auditioned for this season secured a place in the live quarter-finals, with ten quarterfinalists performing in each show. About twenty from these rounds advanced and were split between the two semi-finals, with around ten semi-finalists securing a place in the final, and five finalists securing a", "title": "America's Got Talent season 3" }, { "docid": "65593086", "text": "Charlotte Summers (born 15 November 2005) is a Spanish singer and dancer. Originally from Marbella, Spain, she made her first stage appearance with a dance act in Les Misérables, at the age of eight. A year later, she competed in the talent show series La Voz. At the age of ten, she was the runner up in the second season of Fenómeno Fan, and the winner of the Big Talent Competition. She won the Original Song Contest at the Eurokids International, Italy, in 2017, with her song Unicorn. In 2018, she traveled to the United States. She appeared on NBC's Little Big Shots twice. At age 13 in 2019 she appeared on America's Got Talent (season 14). Career 2018: Little Big Shots When she was 11 years old, she appeared on Little Big Shots twice: April 2018 where she sat for an interview with Steve Harvey and then sang \"It's a Man's Man's Man's World\". December 2018 where she sat for an interview with Steve Harvey and then she sang \"Please Come Home For Christmas\" 2019: America's Got Talent (AGT) Soul-blues singer Charlotte Summers appeared on America's Got Talent Season 14 (2019) 3 times at age 13. Audition In the first round, she received a standing ovation from the audience and all 4 judges for her rendition of Screamin' Jay Hawkins' \"I Put a Spell on You\". Judge Cuts For the judge cuts Charlotte performed her own rendition of \"You Don't Own Me\" recorded by Lesley Gore in 1963. Her performance received a standing ovation from the audience, the 4 judges, and the guest judge Jay Leno, and they advanced her to the quarterfinals. Quarterfinals Her quarterfinals performance consisted of singing Shirley Bassey's \"Diamonds Are Forever\" from the James Bond film of the same name. Due to her placement in America's Vote, the number of votes she received in the Dunkin' Save and the judges voting, she was forced into a tiebreaker where she was eventually eliminated from the competition. Stage performances References External links Official website Charlotte Summers on IMDb Living people 2005 births 21st-century Spanish women singers 21st-century Spanish singers People from Marbella America's Got Talent contestants", "title": "Charlotte Summers" }, { "docid": "69036206", "text": "America's Got Talent: Extreme (also known as AGT: Extreme) is an American reality television and talent competition series created by Simon Cowell that aired on NBC from February 21 to March 14, 2022, following a sneak peek episode that aired on February 20. The series is a spinoff of America's Got Talent that focuses on stunt performers. Terry Crews hosts the series, with Cowell, Nikki Bella, and Travis Pastrana serving as judges. Format The series is conducted using a condensed version of the format used in the main America's Got Talent series, and focuses exclusively on larger-scale acts—primarily stunt performers—that are unsuited for a traditional stage setting. Similarly to the main series, acts that receive a majority vote from the judging panel during their audition performance advance to the finals, the judges may use buzzers to signal their disapproval of an act (with the performance automatically ending if all three judges use their buzzer), while each judge, along with host Terry Crews, can use the \"Golden Buzzer\" to automatically advance one act of their choice to the finals, regardless of the opinion of the other judges. In the finale, the acts are further eliminated (with acts now voted on by a panel of \"superfans\", similarly to America's Got Talent: The Champions), reaching a top four, and then a top two—with the winner receiving $500,000. Production On May 14, 2021, NBC announced that it had ordered America's Got Talent: Extreme as the second U.S. spinoff of America's Got Talent, following America's Got Talent: The Champions, with franchise creator Simon Cowell confirmed as an executive producer and judge for the series. On October 1, 2021, it was announced that retired WWE wrestler Nikki Bella and extreme sportsman Travis Pastrana would serve as judges alongside Cowell. Main AGT host Terry Crews also hosts Extreme. Filming occurred at the Atlanta Motor Speedway in Hampton, Georgia from September 27 to October 20, 2021. Escape artist Jonathan Goodwin was hospitalized following an accident during a rehearsal, in which he was crushed between two cars in mid-air and fell to the ground whilst trying to escape a straitjacket. A spokesperson confirmed to Variety on October 15 that production had been temporarily suspended. Filming would later resume and wrap in early-January 2022 at the Irwindale Speedway in Irwindale, California. AGT: Extreme was originally scheduled to premiere in 2022 on NBC's mideseason lineup. On January 19, 2022, NBC announced that the premiere had been pushed ahead to February 21, 2022, as American Song Contest had been pushed back to midseason due to COVID-19-related concerns. A half-hour sneak peek aired on February 20, following the primetime broadcast of the 2022 Winter Olympics' closing ceremony. On May 16, 2022, NBC shelved the series indefinitely. Episodes Season overview The following below lists the results of each participant's overall performance in this season: \| \| \| Golden Buzzer Audition \| Wildcard Finalist Ages denoted for a participant(s), pertain to their final performance for this season. Preliminaries summary Preliminary 1 (February 21) Preliminary 2", "title": "America's Got Talent: Extreme" }, { "docid": "13583446", "text": "Stephen Wright (born 13 December 1962), better known by his stage name Stevie Starr, is a Scottish performance artist who focuses on professional regurgitation. In his act, he swallows various items, such as coins, lightbulbs, balloons, nails, billiard balls, dry sugar, lighter fluid and goldfish, and then regurgitates them. The implausibility of some of his performances, such as regurgitating a \"solved\" Rubik's cube, have resulted in some observers believing that he is an illusionist. Starr has a busy international touring schedule for his solo act. Early Career In 1987, Starr appeared on The Paul Daniels Magic Show, and he appeared in three episodes of The Last Resort with Jonathan Ross. In 1988, Starr appeared on Late Night with David Letterman. In 1991, Starr appeared on The Howard Stern Show. Starr made a guest appearance on the British TV series The Secret Cabaret, in the third episode of the second series, in 1992. In 1996, he appeared on Saturday Live. In 1997, he appeared on Late Show with David Letterman. Got Talent appearances (2010–2019) In April 2010, Starr auditioned for the fourth series of Britain's Got Talent. During his audition, he was swallowing numbered coins and a billiard ball and then regurgitating them on demand and in order. He progressed to the semi-finals. In those he swallowed Amanda Holden's engagement ring, followed by a locked padlock and its key. He regurgitated the padlock, which enclosed Holden's ring, followed by the key. In September 2010, Starr performed on the 4th season of the German version of this show, Das Supertalent. He placed third in the semi-finals and advanced to the final. He finished in 7th place. Starr re-auditioned in 2018 in the hope of beating his previous position in 2010. He subsequently won the show later that year. In October 2011, Starr he appeared on series 2 of the Czech-Slovak version of the show, Česko Slovensko má talent, where he progressed to the final. In October 2013, Starr appeared on series 4 of the Italian version of the show, where he progressed to the semi-finals. But he was not chosen to compete in them. In January 2015, he appeared on series 9 of the French version of the show, La France a un incroyable talent, where he progressed to the final. He finished in 4th place. In June 2015, he appeared as a season 10 contestant on NBC's America's Got Talent; he reached the final round, finishing in fourth place. In 2016, he also appeared as a returning contestant on America's Got Talent Holiday Spectacular. In 2019, he appeared on America's Got Talent: The Champions. On January 28, 2019, Starr appeared on the fourth episodes of the Champions edition of America's Got Talent in Los Angeles. There he was buzzed by Simon Cowell while in the midst of appearing to swallow a razor blade. He finished the act but appeared angry, and did not place among the finalists for that evening. On February 8, 2019, Starr appeared on the Romanian version of", "title": "Stevie Starr" }, { "docid": "25184131", "text": "Michael Joseph Grimm (born December 30, 1978) is an American singer-songwriter and winner of the fifth season of America's Got Talent. Personal life Grimm was born in Colorado on the Fort Carson base, moved to Slidell, Louisiana, but later raised in Waveland, Mississippi by his grandparents. During the AGT finals, he revealed that his girlfriend of nearly three years, Lucie Zolcerova, was the inspiration for his performance of \"When a Man Loves a Woman\". \"She's been there for me,\" Grimm told DeGeneres during a taping of The Ellen DeGeneres Show which was aired on September 17, 2010. \"Once you find that good woman you hang on to her.\" While interviewing him, DeGeneres called Lucie down from the audience, and Grimm got on one knee to propose. Her answer was a swift \"Yes\". Grimm, a Mississippi Southern Soul singer who won the $1 million AGT first prize in its 5th season, used some of his winnings to build his grandparents a new house. As of 2016, he resides in Henderson, Nevada. As of June 2023, Grimm was hospitalized due to a \"mysterious illness\" according to People Magazine 6/8/23 edition and confirmed by Billboard online on June 7, 2023. People Magazine quoted his wife: On Tuesday, the America’s Got Talent winner’s wife Lucie Zolcerva-Grimm appeared on his Instagram and revealed the singer-guitarist was “sedated” and on a ventilator in the ICU. America's Got Talent Grimm auditioned in Los Angeles for the fifth season of America's Got Talent aired on June 1, 2010. His audition received praise from all three judges, advancing him to Vegas Week. During Vegas week, his performance of \"Try a Little Tenderness\" was criticized by Piers Morgan for being way over 90 seconds and could have gotten him disqualified. He still advanced to the quarterfinals. His quarterfinal performance, \"Tired of Being Alone,\" was once again praised, and he advanced to the semifinals. Earlier in the show, Sharon Osbourne commented that her husband Ozzy Osbourne was rooting for Grimm. Grimm performed \"You Can Leave Your Hat On\" during semifinals while recovering from a dehydration related illness. Despite the illness, he managed to deliver a performance that was once again praised by the judges, and he advanced to the finals. After performing \"Let's Stay Together\" in the Top 10 without his guitar, he advanced to the Top 4. In the finale on September 14, 2010, he performed \"When a Man Loves a Woman\" pointing to his girlfriend, Lucie, in the audience. The following day, it was revealed that Grimm won the show, beating child singer Jackie Evancho. Grimm went to America's Got Talent: The Champions in 2020 eliminated at Preliminary. Performances and results Post-AGT Grimm's winnings included one million dollars (before taxes and reduction for lump sum payment) and the opportunity to headline the AGT Tour Show, including one show at Caesar's Palace in Las Vegas on October 8, 2010. In September 2010, Grimm appeared on The Ellen DeGeneres Show and proposed to his girlfriend of nearly three years, Lucie Zolcerova.", "title": "Michael Grimm (musician)" }, { "docid": "68085790", "text": "Léa Kyle is a French magician who performs quick-change magic. She is known for receiving a Golden Buzzer, for her quick-change performance, during her audition on America's Got Talent. She also appeared during the series 15 of France's Got Talent, and the seventh season of Penn & Teller: Fool Us. Early life and career Léa Kyle was born in in Bordeaux, France. Her love of magic began as a teenager. She also enjoys sewing, having taken part in a year-long haute couture course, and makes her own costumes. Previously a beautician, Kyle entered her first magic contest at the Villebarou International Festival in 2018, and came out on top. A year later, she was chosen to perform in the French Magic Championships, and won the title. Kyle appeared on France's Got Talent during its 15th series, and she successfully fooled Penn & Teller during the seventh season of Penn & Teller: Fool Us. Kyle received a Golden Buzzer from Heidi Klum for her quick-change performance, during the season 16 auditions of America's Got Talent. A wardrobe malfunction stalled her semifinal act. She finished in fifth place during the finals. In 2021, Kyle appeared on the Italian Saturday night show, Tú sí que vales. In March 2022, she performed on The Ellen DeGeneres Show. Personal life Kyle was introduced to magic by her boyfriend Florian Sainvet, another magician who performed on America's Got Talent, France's Got Talent, Spain's Got Talent, and Penn & Teller: Fool Us. On 23 May 2022, Kyle and her boyfriend were in a car accident during an Uber ride in Las Vegas. Kyle sustained three fractured ribs and a crushed lung, while Sainvet had minor injuries, including burns from his seat belt. References 1995 births 1996 births America's Got Talent contestants French magicians Living people", "title": "Léa Kyle" }, { "docid": "12543751", "text": "Benjamin Cas Haley (born 1980; Paris, Texas) is an American singer-songwriter, who specialises in reggae-inflected music when singing. He rose to national prominence by appearing on America's Got Talent in 2007, finishing as runner-up on that season's competition, whereupon he has conducted several tours and produced several albums during his career with a number of different recording labels. Career Benjamin began his career developing pieces inspired by reggae music. In 2007, he auditioned for the second season of America's Got Talent, conducting several songs with his reggae-inflected music; his first for his audition earned praise from Piers Morgan, a judge for the program at the time, who praised his version of \"Walking on the Moon\" as being far better than when it had been sung by the musician Sting. His performances earned him national recognition, leading to him finishing the competition as runner-up. After his involvement on the program, he released a self-titled debut album later in the year, reaching No. 8 on Billboard'''s Reggae Albums chart. In June 2010, Benjamin toured Hawaii with Josh Heinrichs playing shows in Hawaii, in which he made appearances on several local radio programs and the television morning news portion of Hawaii News Now. Three months later, he signed a deal with Easy Star Records, who released his follow-up album, Connection, on September 14. It reached No. 2 on Billboard's Reggae Albums chart in 2010. In October, he toured the U.S. west coast and Europe in support of Connection with the Easy Star All-Stars. Benjamin released his third album, La Si Dah, on May 28, 2013, which consisted of thirteen songs, funded by his fans, and produced by both Benjamin and Grammy-winning producer-engineer Rob Fraboni. The release was followed by a European tour. Later that same year, Cas was nominated as best reggae rock entertainer for the 32nd annual International Reggae and World Music Awards. In 2014, Haley suffered a skiing accident that left serious muscle and nerve damage in his neck. He endured eight months of acupuncture and vocal and physical therapy to get his voice back. The following year, on November 6, he released the album More Music More Family on Jimmy Buffett's Mailboat Records. Nine of its 12 songs were recorded in Hawaii, and three were recorded in Haley's home in Texas and filmed as part of a video series for the Dallas News. On June 21, 2019, Haley released Lessons and Blessings, which was written during the time of his wife's illness. It was recorded at the Haley family farm, and his wife contributed to the songwriting. In 2020, Cas Haley was the grand prize winner of the Lincoln Motor Company's \"Chart Your Course\" contest. His winning song, \"Every Road I'm On,\" beat out over 1,600 entrants. Haley won a talent contract and a recording session at Capitol Studios, a Lincoln Corsair, and appeared in a national Lincoln marketing campaign. As part of the promotion, Haley met and worked with actor Matthew McConaughey, and musicians Jon Cleary, Tank of Tank", "title": "Cas Haley" }, { "docid": "34072793", "text": "The seventh season of American talent show competition series America's Got Talent was broadcast on NBC from May 14 to September 13, 2012. Following the previous season, Piers Morgan left the program due to other commitments, and was replaced by the producers with Howard Stern. However, this change involved moving the venue for the live rounds of the competition from Los Angeles to Newark, New Jersey, which increased the size of the audience that attended each live episode. Along with a visual makeover of the program to improve its presentation on television, a planned break was included with the broadcast schedule between July 24 and August 14, to avoid clashing with the network's live coverage of the 2012 Summer Olympics. The seventh season was won by dog tricks act Olate Dogs, with stand-up comedian Tom Cotter finishing in second, and earth harpist William Close placing third. During its broadcast, the season averaged around over 10 million viewers, but drew controversy for a participant who made claims that were later refuted after the broadcast of their audition. Season overview Auditions for the seventh season's competition took place during Winter until mid-Spring 2012, with the main auditions being filmed in New York, Los Angeles, Tampa Bay, Austin, St. Louis and San Francisco. Additional auditions were held in Washington, D.C., and Charlotte, but were not filmed. Following the conclusion of the sixth season's broadcast, Piers Morgan began contemplating his involvement with America's Got Talent, due to his increasing work schedule on other projects by that time. In November 2011, despite having signed a three-year contract the previous year, Morgan quit the show in order to focus on his commitment to producing Piers Morgan Tonight for CNN. Due to his Morgan's departure, radio personality Howard Stern was chosen to replace him in December. Since Stern had commitments to his SiriusXM radio show in New York that he could not abandon, filming of the live rounds moved from Los Angeles, opting for using the New Jersey Performing Arts Center in Newark, New Jersey. However, Stern was able to handle the involvement of the \"Vegas Verdicts\" segment without any issue. While the use of the Performing Arts Center meant that audiences attending live rounds could be much larger than in previous years, the change in venue also allowed executive producer Simon Cowell to have the program undergo a significant \"top-to-bottom makeover\" of its presentation. Among these included new graphics, a new intro and a new theme song for America's Got Talent, along with an update to set pieces. A significant change was the appearance of the judges' desk, which was re-modeled to appear similar in design to that used on Britain's Got Talent. In addition to these changes, the 2012 Summer Olympics was taken into consideration, since the sporting event would receive live coverage from the network. Episode scheduling had to include a two-week hiatus between July 27 until August 12, as to avoid America's Got Talent clashing with its live broadcast. Of the participants who", "title": "America's Got Talent season 7" }, { "docid": "5766287", "text": "The first season of the American talent show competition series America's Got Talent was broadcast on NBC from June 21 to August 17, 2006. The season went into production a year earlier than planned by Got Talent creator Simon Cowell. Cowell intended for Britain's Got Talent to debut before AGT in 2006. However, production was suspended due to internal conflicts within its British television network. David Hasselhoff, Brandy Norwood and Piers Morgan were the show's first judges, with Regis Philbin as host. This season originally had an early format for live round judging and Wildcard acts, which would be changed after the season's conclusion. The first season was won by singer Bianca Ryan, with clogging dance group All That, and singer/musician duo The Millers finishing as runner-ups within the Top 3 finalists. The season's actual results for second and third place were not declared. The ratings success of this season helped foster the development of other international editions of the Got Talent franchise, along with restarting production on the British edition. Season overview In 2005, Simon Cowell devised plans for a televised talent competition, originally intending for it be created and broadcast in Britain through the British broadcaster ITV, with an American edition to follow after its first season. However, following a pilot broadcast of the format, a dispute arose between ITV and Paul O'Grady, the originally intended host of Britain's Got Talent. In the wake of the dispute, after O'Grady decided to sign on to another network, Cowell suspended production on the British edition, and instead focused on the American edition in 2006. His proposal for his program in America was bought by NBC, who commissioned a small season of episodes, along with Fremantle and Cowell's own company Syco Entertainment. Auditions were launched across the United States, while Regis Philbin was picked as the host with David Hasselhoff, Brandy Norwood and Piers Morgan chosen as judges. After the open auditions had been completed, those who had been nominated for the program were entered into more an extensive round of major auditions, which took place across Los Angeles, Chicago and New York in April 2006. The format used in the first season of America's Got Talent for live rounds differed greatly from what would later be used in later seasons of the program, as well as for other international editions of the Got Talent franchise. In the semi-finals and the final, the judges voted on each participant's performance pertaining to whether they approved or disapproved of an act, with no use of a buzzer to stop a performance at any time. While each semi-final would offer two places in the live final, any act eliminated by this stage would have a chance to be picked as a Wildcard for a special semi-final – two by each judge from any semi-final and one by the public from each round – with an additional two places offered. Forty of the participants who auditioned for this season secured a place in the semi-finals,", "title": "America's Got Talent season 1" }, { "docid": "32479190", "text": "The Smage Brothers Riding Show consists of two brothers, Pat and Phil Smage. Both are from Elkhorn, Wisconsin. Their bike show competed on the sixth season of America's Got Talent, which airs on NBC. They were eliminated in the Top 10 round on September 6–7, 2011 episode. Background Phil Smage Phil Smage is a professional action sports athlete. As a snowskater for Ambition Snowskates, Smage has had 3 X games victories, along with 3 Guinness World Records for snowskating. He was a national professional #10 for the AMA Maxxis Endurocross series, and also the national champion for the MM12A class at the Maxxis Mini Moto SX in 2007. Having finished in the top ten in the AMA/NATC Trials championship series, Smage takes his trials skills nationwide with his brother in their motorcycle trials shows. Starting in July 2014, Phil is playing Captain America in the Marvel Universe Live tour for two years. His part involves him doing motorcycle tricks, acting, and doing staged fights. Pat Smage Pat Smage is an eight-time AMA/NATC Trials PRO National Champion. In 2003 Patrick won the AMA Youth National title. In 2004 Patrick won the AMA/NATC Expert/Sportman Class. In 2007, he was named AMA Sports Athlete of the Year, the youngest rider to ever receive that title. Smage is the first American in over 30 years to compete in the overseas FIM World Championships, with wins in Italy, Portugal and the U.S.A. Shows The shows consists of the duo doing trick riding, stunts, and jumping between obstacles. They also do wheelies and compete for who can do the most wheel hops. They time how long that they can ride a motorized unicycle; they hold the world record at minutes. The Smage brothers have traveled around the United States, including the International Motorcycle Shows expo at Long Beach, California. America's Got Talent The Smage Brothers Riding Show entered as an act in 2011 on America's Got Talent. They have advanced through to the semifinal stage of competition. The act made it through the semifinals when Sharon Osbourne and Howie Mandel voted them through to the finals. Audition Advanced Las Vegas week Advanced Quarter-finals Bottom 2 Semi-finals Bottom 2 Top 10 Eliminated References External links Smage's Website Living people Motorcycle stunt performers People from Elkhorn, Wisconsin America's Got Talent contestants Year of birth missing (living people)", "title": "Smage Brothers Riding Shows" }, { "docid": "40908104", "text": "The ninth season of American talent show competition series America's Got Talent was broadcast on NBC from May 27 to September 17, 2014. Following the previous season, the program underwent a number of format changes, including the second audition stage and to the Wildcard format. The most significant change to be made was the inclusion of the \"Golden Buzzer\", an element that was being introduced into the Got Talent franchise around that time (although the format used would later be changed by the next season). Apart from the format changes, the ninth season's audition process featured the first and only involvement of a third-party television program to collaborate with America's Got Talent in offering a place in the competition. The ninth season was won by magician Mat Franco, with singer Emily West finishing in second, and acrobatic group Acro Army placing third. During its broadcast, the season averaged around over 10.2 million viewers. Season overview Auditions for the ninth season's competition took place during 2013 between October and December in Miami, Atlanta, Baltimore, Denver, Houston, Indianapolis, Los Angeles, New York City, and Providence, Rhode Island. Contestants could also submit a video of their audition online. The judges' auditions had a number of sessions held across three major venues the following year in 2014, the first within February at the New Jersey Performing Arts Center in Newark, while the other two took place in April within Madison Square Garden in New York City and the Dolby Theatre in Los Angeles. Production on the season had a number of changes made. One of the most significant was the introduction of the \"Golden Buzzer\" format, a new addition that was brought into other editions of the Got Talent franchise. While the format was assigned to the auditions round, it functioned differently in its first use. Anyone who received the buzzer would simply gain a place in the next stage of auditions automatically, although only the judges could use it. In effect, the new buzzer was used mainly to save an act from elimination or to break up a 2–2 tie vote by judges in the auditions. Later seasons would alter the rules for the Golden Buzzer to match that of other international editions. Another change was to incorporate an online public vote in the live rounds, named after the program's sponsor at the time, which allowed viewers to grant an automatic place in the finals to a semi-finalist in each semi-final. While they could vote via Google, they could only vote on those placed 5th, 6th and 7th in the main public vote respectively, with the remaining two who lost out facing a vote from the judges for advancement. Although the format remained for later seasons, with a different name following a change in sponsor, the ninth season is the only one in the program's history to allow this format to be used in the finals as well. Other changes that were made included a reduction in the number of quarter-finalists and quarter-finals,", "title": "America's Got Talent season 9" }, { "docid": "18493443", "text": "Mike Super is an American magician who is the winner of the NBC show Phenomenon. He was a top finalist on Season 9 of America's Got Talent. He's also appeared on The Ellen DeGeneres Show and the Penn & Teller: Fool Us series. Super currently tours the U.S. and Canada with his illusion show. Biography He idolizes Walt Disney, Harry Houdini, David Copperfield, and Doug Henning. He performed magic to study at the University of Pittsburgh, where he majored in Computer Science. Super won NBC's TV series Phenomenon, and most recently was a top finalist on the ninth season of America's Got Talent. NBC searched the globe for the 10 best mentalists in the world, and then had them compete on live television. Super was voted the winner by the American public, and won US$250,000 along with the title of \"The Phenomenon.\" He has appeared on three TV specials in France, and he was also chosen to make Ellen DeGeneres appear from shadows for DeGeneres's \"Magic Week\" feature on her talk show. Super recently appeared on Penn & Teller: Fool Us where he predicted numbers chosen at random by the audience with a state verified Powerball Ticket played months before. He regularly performs for Disney and the US Military supporting the troops. Awards and honors Super was named Entertainer of the Year by Campus Activities Magazine, along with Best Male Entertainer, Best Performing Artist, and Best Novelty Entertainer of the year. He has also received two Merlin awards from the International Society of Magicians. He was named \"America's Favorite Mystifier\" on LIVE TV for winning the NBC Show Phenmenon. References External links Official website Mike Super's NBC Phenomenon Page Living people American magicians Mentalists People from Canonsburg, Pennsylvania America's Got Talent contestants Year of birth missing (living people)", "title": "Mike Super" }, { "docid": "16027968", "text": "{{Infobox person \| name = Kenichi Ebina(蛯名健一) \| image = \| alt = \| caption = \| birth_name = \| birth_date = \| birth_place = Japan \| death_date = \| death_place = \| height = \| style = freestyle, hip-hop, mime, martial arts, jazz, ethnic dance \| occupation = Dancer \| years_active = 1998–present \| known_for = Winner of America's Got Talent Season 8 \| website = }} is a Japanese performance artist who is best known for winning the eighth season of America's Got Talent on September 18, 2013. His solo act, labeled 'dance-ish' by Ebina, features his unique self-taught style which combines acting, storytelling, and a number of different dance styles, including freestyle, hip-hop, mime, martial arts, jazz, and ethnic dance. He frequently interacts with characters on a video screen behind him, who have all been created and played by himself. Early life and career Kenichi was born 1974, Ebina earned his Associates of Arts in General Studies from the University of Bridgeport in 1998 and a Bachelor of Arts in Mass Communications in 2000 from the same university. Kenichi has a wife and daughter in Japan. Apollo Amateur Night In 2006 and 2007, he won the Apollo Amateur Night two times and became grand champion for the season. In 2001, his dance troupe BiTriP won first place at the Apollo Amateur Night. He remains the only two-time grand champion. He is also featured in Angelina Ballerina: The Next Steps’ Camembert Academy’s Shining Stars, where he talks about his dance performance involving a story about a mannequin brought to life. America's Got Talent He performed at the Chicago auditions, doing a Matrix-style \"dance-ish\" performance that wowed the judges, gaining \"yes\" votes from all four judges. He was automatically sent through to the live rounds at Radio City Music Hall without needing to perform during Vegas week. On August 6, 2013, in the quarterfinals, he performed a dance/martial arts routine at Radio City Music Hall in New York City, in which he interacted with a video that was playing on a large screen behind him. Kenichi also portrayed every character shown on the video behind him. On the August 7 results show, he was voted through to the semi-finals. On September 3, Kenichi performed an elaborate dance/mime routine with a projected version of himself and was voted into the top 12. On September 10, he performed an interpretive dance about love, death and the afterlife and was voted into the finals. In the finals, his first performance was a remix of his original audition wowing the judges once more and the second performance was him interacting with 8 characters projected on a screen behind him. All characters were portrayed by Kenichi as well. After performing two dance routines during the finals on September 17, he was announced the winner of the eighth season of America's Got Talent'' on September 18, 2013. He was also the first dance and first foreign act to win the competition. On the Season", "title": "Kenichi Ebina" }, { "docid": "22790318", "text": "The fourth season of American talent show competition series America's Got Talent was broadcast on NBC from June 23 to September 16, 2009. Following the previous season, Jerry Springer left the show due to other commitments, and was replaced as host by Nick Cannon. A number of changes were also made to the program before filming commenced, which included replacing the \"boot camp\" stage with a round similar in format to that used by Britain's Got Talent, and changing the buzzer format to match that being used by the Got Talent franchise. In addition, the episodes for results in each live round of the competition were also modified. They were broadcast over a one-hour period, and would feature performances by guest stars. The fourth season was won by country singer Kevin Skinner, with opera singer Bárbara Padilla finishing in second, and percussion group Recycled Percussion placing third. During its broadcast, the season averaged around over 11.9 million viewers, and was the first in the program's history to be aired in high definition. Season overview Auditions for the fourth season's competition took place across Winter until mid-Spring 2009, with auditions expanding to more cities. Filming for the audition episodes focused on those held within the cities of New York, Houston, Los Angeles, Chicago, Miami, Tacoma and Seattle. Auditions were also held in Boston, Atlanta, and Washington, D.C. but were not included in the episodes. Prior to auditions taking place, Jerry Springer announced he was unable to continue hosting AGT due to his talk show schedule, in addition to summer theater commitments he had. As a result, the network recruited Nick Cannon to be his successor. The format for the second stage of auditions changed by removing the \"boot camp\" portion that had been used in the previous two seasons, in favor of using the selection process from Britain's Got Talent, under the title of \"Vegas Verdicts\". Instead, judges reviewed the tapes of participants who had made successful auditions, to determine who would advance into the live rounds. This stage would continue to divide participants into groups, allowing the judges to debate among themselves about which group of participants should earn a place in the live rounds, before bringing back each group to inform them of their decision about their progress in the competition. In some cases, participants were required to do a second performance to help the judges make their final decisions. The format for the buzzers in the live rounds was also altered to match that of the format across the Got Talent franchise, in that participants receiving buzzes from all the judges had to stop immediately, rather than being given a little more time to perform. Two issues arose during this season during the competition. The first was the intervention of executive producer Simon Cowell, who felt \"too much talent\" had been eliminated during the new \"Vegas Verdicts\" stage. The judges decided to bring back several of the eliminated acts as Wildcards for the quarter-finals. The second was the", "title": "America's Got Talent season 4" }, { "docid": "75153094", "text": "America's Got Talent: Fantasy League (also known as AGT: Fantasy League) is an American reality television and talent competition series that premiered on NBC on January 1, 2024. The \"fantasy league\" series is a spinoff featuring winners, finalists, fan favorites, and others from previous seasons of America's Got Talent and across the Got Talent franchise, with each judge serving as a mentor for a set of acts. Terry Crews hosts the series, with Simon Cowell, Mel B, Heidi Klum, and Howie Mandel serving as judges. Format Similar to America's Got Talent: The Champions and America's Got Talent: All-Stars, the \"fantasy league\" format includes past winners, finalists, and fan favorites from across previous seasons of the franchise, competing for the Fantasy League title. However, apart from the other spin-offs, Fantasy League allows the judges to have a team of 10 acts that they selected to compete. The judges serve as mentors to their respective acts throughout the show with the goal of each judge having one of their own acts crowned champion. Once all participants in a round have completed their performance, an off-stage vote is conducted by the studio audience, which determines the five participants securing a place in the semi-finals. The golden buzzer takes on a new role in the series: a judge can either use it to advance one of their own acts or steal an act from another judge's team. Each golden buzzer recipient bypasses the semi-finals and goes directly to the finals. In the finale, the winner receives a cash prize of $250,000. Production On May 12, 2023, it was announced that an untitled America's Got Talent series was in the works, set for premiere midseason of the 2023-24 television season. On September 21, 2023, the series was officially revealed as AGT: Fantasy League, with judges Simon Cowell, Mel B, Heidi Klum, and Howie Mandel as well as host Terry Crews. On November 15, 2023, it was announced that the series would premiere on January 1, 2024. Teams Overview \| \| \| \| \| Golden Buzzer – Qualifiers \| Golden Buzzer – Semi-finals Qualifiers summary \| \| \| Buzzed out Qualifier 1 (January 1) Qualifier 2 (January 8) Qualifier 3 (January 15) Qualifier 4 (January 22) Semi-finals summary \| \| \| \| \| Buzzed out Semi-finals 1 (January 29) Semi-finals 2 (February 5) Finals (February 12) \| \| \| Guest performers: Chapel Hart and Drake Milligan Pack Drumline and V.Unbeatable conducted a joint routine for their second performance, and thus shared the same guest performer. Sofie Dossi, Ramadhani Brothers, Aidan Bryant, and Billy and Emily England conducted a joint routine for their second performance, and thus shared the same guest performers. Ratings Notes References External links 2020s American reality television series 2024 American television series debuts America's Got Talent American live television shows American television spin-offs Competitions in the United States American English-language television shows NBC reality television shows Reality television spin-offs Talent shows Television series by Fremantle (company) 2024 American television series endings", "title": "America's Got Talent: Fantasy League" }, { "docid": "54136600", "text": "Emanne Beasha (;Circassian: Иман Биша; born 18 September 2008) is Jordanian/American classically-trained singer of Circassian descent. She is the winner of the fifth season of the program Arabs Got Talent and finished in 9th place on fourteenth Season of America's Got Talent. Biography Beasha was born in Amman to a Jordanian father of Circassian descent and an American mother. Beasha started to sing opera, in Italian, from the age of six. Her parents discovered her talent as a two-year-old in Jordan. Beasha auditioned for Season 5 of Arabs Got Talent in 2017, at age eight, and received the Golden Buzzer. On 20 May she won the final with a cover of \"Time to Say Goodbye\" and received prize money of $130,000. In recognition of her win, Beasha received the King Abdullah II Ibn Al Hussein Medal of Merit (Gold) from King Abdullah II during Independence Day celebrations in Raghadan Palace on 25 May 2017, becoming the medal's youngest recipient in history. Beasha auditioned for Season 14 of America's Got Talent in 2019, for which she sang \"Nessun Dorma.\" The performance was favorably received, and Simon Cowell said of Emanne, \"You are absolutely fantastic\". She received four yesses from the judges to advance to the Judge Cuts round. On August 6, 2019, Beasha appeared on the fourth episode of America's Got Talent's Judge Cuts with guest judge Jay Leno. She performed the opera-style song \"Caruso\" by Italian pop singer Lucio Dalla and received Leno's Golden Buzzer, becoming the only individual act to receive the buzzer in different global versions of the 'Got Talent' franchise. (The group Zurcaroh had also won it twice.) This qualified her to move on to the quarter-finals live shows. On August 27, 2019, Beasha sang \"Ebben? Ne andrò lontana\" (\"Well then? I'll Go Far away\") from the opera La Wally for her appearance in the Quarter Finals of America's Got Talent. America voted, and Emanne moved to the semifinals. In the semifinals, she performed an Italian version of \"(Everything I Do) I Do It for You\" by Bryan Adams, received favorable reviews from the judges, and advanced to the finals in the Judges' Choice. In the finals, she sang \"La mamma morta\" from Umberto Giordano's opera Andrea Chénier. On the night that the results were announced, she performed Andrea Bocelli's \"Time to Say Goodbye\" alongside pianist Lang Lang. At the end, she was not in the Top 5 acts and finished in 9th place. Beasha joined André Rieu on the North American leg of his world tour in Tampa on 11 March 2020, but the rest of the tour was cancelled or postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. As of January 2024, Beasha had accumulated over 410,000 followers on social media. References Child singers American child singers 21st-century American women singers 21st-century American singers Jordanian women singers American sopranos America's Got Talent contestants American people of Circassian descent Jordanian people of Circassian descent People from Amman 2008 births Living people Jordanian people of American descent", "title": "Emanne Beasha" }, { "docid": "60081956", "text": "The fourteenth season of American talent show competition series America's Got Talent was broadcast on NBC from May 28 to September 18, 2019. Following the previous season, Tyra Banks left the program to focus on other projects, leading to Terry Crews replacing her as host following his involvement on America's Got Talent: The Champions earlier that year. In addition, both Mel B and Heidi Klum also left the program, with their replacements as judges being Gabrielle Union and Julianne Hough. The guest judges for this season's Judge Cuts stage included Brad Paisley, Dwyane Wade, Ellie Kemper and Jay Leno. The semi-finals involved two additional guest judges, a first in the program's history, with Sean Hayes and Queen Latifah. The fourteenth season was won by singer and pianist Kodi Lee, with the Detroit Youth Choir finishing second, and stand-up comedian Ryan Niemiller placing third. During its broadcast, the season averaged around 9.12 million viewers. Season overview Open auditions were held in late 2018, within New York City, Detroit, Knoxville, Tampa, Charlotte, San Antonio and Los Angeles. As with the previous year, the judges' auditions were held in March 2019, at the Pasadena Civic Auditorium in Los Angeles. The Judge Cuts stage of the competition included singer Brad Paisley, former basketball player Dwyane Wade, actress Ellie Kemper and host Jay Leno. Following the previous season, Tyra Banks left the program to focus on other television projects, announcing her decision in late December 2018. Due to her departure, Terry Crews became her replacement beginning in April 2019, after being popular with viewers as host of the first season of the spin-off series America's Got Talent: The Champions. In addition to the departure of Banks, two judges were replaced due to conflicting obligations in 2019. Mel B could not return since she was needed to headline the Spice Girls reunion tour that year, while Heidi Klum signed on to producing a new fashion competition series for Amazon and could not remain committed to AGT. Therefore, dancer Julianne Hough and actress Gabrielle Union were offered the role of judges, with the announcement of their predecessor's replacements being made at the same time as Crews in April 2019. This season had a minor change to the format of the program, with the semi-finals featuring two guest judges. Their inclusion would only be for feedback on the performances of the semi-finalists, not for stopping a performance with a buzzer nor having any involvement with the judge votes. The judges recruited for this format in this season were Sean Hayes and Queen Latifah. Other than this change, an undisclosed issue forced the judges' vote to be suspended during first quarter-final's results. While the top six quarter-finalists voted for by the public were advanced, those placed 7th, 8th and 9th respectively faced only the online vote as a result. Of the participants who auditioned for this season, thirty-six secured a place in the live quarter-finals, with twelve quarter-finalists in each one. Among these included: singer and pianist Kodi Lee,", "title": "America's Got Talent season 14" }, { "docid": "28207346", "text": "My American Dream is the sole studio album by Neal E. Boyd released on June 23, 2009. The album charted on the Billboard 200. Background After Boyd won the third season of America's Got Talent, he was signed to Decca Records. Boyd explained that the name of the album reflects on how he met his dream after winning Talent. Songs included on the album are \"God Bless the USA,\" \"Ave Maria,\" \"Amazing Grace,\" West Side Story's song \"Somewhere,\" and his Talent winning song \"Nessun Dorma.\" The album was released on the date of the fourth season premiere of Talent, which was June 23, 2009. Boyd has since gone on tour with Britain's Got Talent winner Paul Potts, and later sang for US President Barack Obama and Missouri Governor Matt Blunt. Reception Commercial performance The album sold 6,000 copies in its first week of release. The album also debuted at #195 on the Billboard 200 and #3 on the Top Classical Albums Chart. Critical reception James Manheim of AllMusic said Boyd's talent \"leaves an impression on listeners. That's the quality that makes for a crossover star.\" Stephen Thomas Erlewine called it \"an effective showcase for his supple singing if not quite an artistic statement of purpose. Thankfully, Boyd avoids the ersatz Euro-schlock of Il Divo, never trying to have a pop production, instead being happily symphonic.\" Track listing \"God Bless the U.S.A.\" 3:57 \"Nessun dorma\" 3:05 \"Mama\" 3:23 \"Somewhere\" 3:22 \"Il Gladiatore\" 3:45 \"Bring Him Home\" 3:43 \"Is Nothing Sacred\" 4:12 \"Anthem\" 3:08 \"Sonny Boy\" 2:58 \"Ave Maria\" 4:47 \"Amazing Grace\" 2:36 Personnel These are the personnel who helped create the album. Savan Kotecha (Composer) Winston Simone (Executive Producer) Peter Rudge (Representation) Neal E. Boyd (Vocals, Liner Notes) Evelyn de Morgan (A&R) Jeffrey Pescetto (Lyricist) Jon Bailey (Engineer, Mixing, Digital Editing) Justin S. Turner (Legal Counsel) City of Prague Philharmonic Orchestra (Choir, Orchestra) Charts Chart positions Sales References 2009 debut albums Decca Records albums id:Tried and True", "title": "My American Dream" }, { "docid": "34573025", "text": "Acrodunk is a basketball performance squad founded by Jerry L. Burrell in 1994. Acrodunk started out as The High \"Impact\" Squad with members of Acrodunk still performing for The High \"Impact\" Squad. Acrodunk is also formerly known as Team Acrodunk. Acrodunk's primary mission is to inspire and impress audiences with variations of the slam dunk. The group performs shows for college and professional basketball games, corporate meetings, festivals, fairs, theme parks, TV shows and schools. The squad made an appearance twice on the television show America's Got Talent. Members of Acrodunk have set numerous Guinness World Records individually and as a team and the team performs worldwide. Team members Each player has a nickname that they are known by during shows: Jerry L. Burrell (JB) Gregory L. Mueller (G-Man) Gregory T. Jerralds (GT) Jason Skillern (J-Skillz) Mattew Marzo (M&M) Anthony J. Grant (Ninja) Eddie Ray Johnson III (Easy Eddie) Jesus El (Zeus) Elijah S. Price (Showtime) Joshua Tomas Rasile (3D) Devin Alexander (Spidey) Timothy Muscarella (Jerzee) Performances and results Acrodunk has performed in the television show America's Got Talent. America's Got Talent, season 4 See also America's Got Talent Season 4 References Sources Acrodunk Official World Record Dunk. Guinness Records External links Official website Basketball teams in the United States America's Got Talent contestants", "title": "Acrodunk" }, { "docid": "58478408", "text": "Courtney Hadwin is an English singer-songwriter. She rose to fame by competing prominently on the first season of ITV's The Voice Kids UK 2017 and the 13th season of the NBC competition show America's Got Talent (AGT) the following year. Her latter audition went viral. By the time of her second performance in 2018 on the first live TV broadcast of AGT that season, the video of her audition had been viewed 200 million times, according to show host Tyra Banks as she introduced Hadwin. Early life Hadwin lives in England; she has a younger sister Melissa and a younger brother Paul. She attended Hesleden Primary School and until autumn 2018 studied at The Academy at Shotton Hall in Peterlee. She has also trained at Shotton Hall Theatre School, Peanuts Master Classes, Kate Sirs School of Music and Julie Miles' Vocal Ovation. Hadwin was a 2018 finalist on TV's America's Got Talent. She previously appeared on the first series of The Voice Kids in the UK and afterwards on America's Got Talent: The Champions. Career Early performances In April 2015, Hadwin auditioned for her first singing competition at TeenStar in Newcastle, England, with her version of Bob Dylan's \"Make You Feel My Love\", and reached the competition's grand final. She also gained notice when she was filmed performing Great Big World and Christina Aguilera's soaring duet \"Say Something\" in September 2015. She sang the song during lunchtime at the school. In April 2016, she won Hartlepool's Performer of the Year Award, and was a finalist in the Beyond The Lights award ceremony. She was the opening act for Sister Sledge at a South Tyneside Festival concert in July 2017, where she sang for more than 18,000 people. In January 2018, she sang in Southampton at an event for U-Support, raising funds for children with life-limiting illnesses and disabilities. 2017: The Voice Kids UK Hadwin blind-auditioned for The Voice Kids UK, where she performed Tina Turner's \"Nutbush City Limits\". will.i.am, one of the three coaches, had her repeat part of her act on The Voice Kids so he could see her dance some more.She was picked by judge Danny Jones, who became her mentor on the show. During the battle round, she performed \"Dancing in the Street\" against Eboni Green and Hollie Firmin. For her semi-final performance, she sang James Brown's \"I Got You (I Feel Good)\". For her final performance on 16 July 2017, she sang the torch song \"And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\", from the Broadway musical Dreamgirls, before being eliminated as a finalist. 2018–2019: America's Got Talent In her audition for the 13th season of America's Got Talent, Hadwin sang Otis Redding's \"Hard to Handle\". She appeared a bit shy or bashful as she talked before singing on AGT. Simon Cowell told her \"... you sing and you're like a lion.\"Howie Mandel referenced the Monterey Pop Festival, Janis Joplin, and Clive Davis. He was the first to weigh in on Hadwin's performance of Hard to", "title": "Courtney Hadwin" }, { "docid": "4829129", "text": "America's Got Talent (often abbreviated as AGT) is a televised American talent show competition, and is part of the global Got Talent franchise created by Simon Cowell. The program is produced by Fremantle (as well as distributed by) and Syco Entertainment, and broadcasts on the NBC television network. It premiered on June 21, 2006, after plans for a British edition in 2005 were suspended, following a dispute within the British broadcaster ITV. Production would later resume in 2007, following the success of the first season. Each season is mainly run during the network's summer schedule, and has featured various hosts over the course of the program's history. The current host is Terry Crews. The program attracts a variety of participants from across the United States and abroad, who possess some form of talents. Acts range from singing, dancing, comedy, magic, stunts, variety and other genres. Each participant or act who auditions, attempts to secure a place in the live episodes of a season, by impressing a panel of judges. The current line-up consists of Cowell, Howie Mandel, Heidi Klum, and Sofía Vergara. Participants making it into the live episodes, compete against each other for both the judges' and public's vote, in order to reach the live final. The winner receives a large cash prize (primarily paid over a period of time), and since the third season, a chance to headline a show on the Las Vegas Strip. The show itself has been a rating success for NBC, drawing in on average around 10 million viewers per season. In 2013, a book titled Inside AGT: The Untold Stories of America's Got Talent was released, providing a description of the seasons, contestants, judges and production techniques of the show. It includes detailed interviews with contestants from all seasons, up to the date of the book's publication. The series has run for a total of eighteen seasons, with the eighteenth season airing May–September 2023, and has spawned four spin-off competitions: America's Got Talent: The Champions (2019–20), AGT: Extreme (2022), America's Got Talent: All-Stars (2023), and America's Got Talent: Fantasy League (2024). The main series is set to return for season nineteen in summer 2024 with host Crews and judges Cowell, Mandel, Klum, and Vergara all expected to return. History The concept of America's Got Talent was devised by The X Factor creator and Sony Music executive Simon Cowell, who sought to create a talent competition far grander than those of other televised talent contests. His proposal, first made to British television network ITV in 2005, was for a competition in which participants of any age and location could enter with any form of talent they chose to perform. The network favored the concept, and green-lit production of a pilot episode to test out the format, with Cowell forming a panel consisting of himself and two other judges (including tabloid journalist Piers Morgan). The pilot proved to be a success. The original plan for the program was for a British edition to be produced", "title": "America's Got Talent" }, { "docid": "51623737", "text": "Power Duo is a dance duo in the Philippines. The group was known as the grand winner in the fifth season of the Philippine Got Talent franchise. Background The Power Duo is composed of real-life couple Anjanette and Gervin from Angono, Rizal. Starting out as friends on the show they started dating after their emotional audition. Their audition made Judge Robin Padilla hit the golden buzzer which sent them directly to semi-finals. Their semi-finals interpretation of Wag Ka Nang Umiyak also impressed the Judges and viewers receiving more than half of the public votes, paving the way to their Grand Finals appearance. The Duo's evident chemistry on-and-off the stage won over most of the judges and viewers. They garnered a 100% of votes from viewers and judges to be declared winner of the Pilipinas Got Talent season 5 and took home the grand prize of ₱2 million. They are the first dance act to be named grand winner, where the winners of the first four seasons are all singers. Reception Their Grand Finals performance of interpretative dance to the OPM ballad \"Ikaw Lamang\" received a standing ovation from all four judges as well as 100 percent of votes from viewers and judges. The performance garnered praises from the judges with Vice Ganda saying to the couple Freddie M. Garcia added that he's completely amazed at how the duo did their performance making him speechless. While Robin Padilla had this to say to the couple: \"When love talks, everybody listens. Love conquers all, sabi nga nila. Power Duo, you are the Helen of Troy of 'Pilipinas Got Talent'. Panalo na kayo.\" Post-PGT After winning Pilipinas Got Talent, the couple said they were preparing for international competitions, such as Asia's Got Talent, where they finished third place. In 2019, the couple performed as part of Team Vhong-Mariel during It's Showtime'''s Magpasikat 2019. In 2023, the couple participated in America’s Got Talent: All-Stars'', where they finished as finalists. See also Pilipinas Got Talent (season 5) Jovit Baldivino Marcelito Pomoy Maasinhon Trio References Filipino dance groups Star Magic Got Talent winners Pilipinas Got Talent contestants Reality show winners", "title": "Power Duo" }, { "docid": "19310730", "text": "Thomas Cotter (born June 20, 1963) is an American comedian who currently resides in Stony Point, New York, known for being the runner-up of the seventh season of America's Got Talent, losing to Olate Dogs. Early and personal life Cotter was raised in the East Side enclave of Providence, Rhode Island as the youngest of six children. His father, Dr. Walter C. Cotter (November 25, 1923 – October 27, 2021), was a World War II navy veteran and later became a well-regarded neurosurgeon. His mother, Barbara Cotter, was a homemaker and managed his father's medical office. Cotter attended the Moses Brown School in Providence, and Denison University for his undergraduate degree. Cotter is married to Kerri Louise, who is also a stand-up comedian, and the two have three sons. They have worked together on different projects including Two Funny, a reality show on Women's Entertainment network. Career He has appeared on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson and Last Comic Standing. In 2003, Cotter filmed his own half-hour special for Comedy Central. Cotter has won several comedy competitions. In 1994, he won Seattle's International Stand-Up Comedy Competition. He gained his first success in the Boston comedy scene, where he is still a favorite, and also won the grand prize at the Boston Comedy Festival and was voted Best Stand-Up at the Las Vegas Comedy Festival. Additionally, Cotter has worked in film, theatre, and television productions and, as of 2012, he was working on an idea for a book. America's Got Talent In 2012, Cotter appeared on season 7 of NBC's America's Got Talent. He was given a pass to Las Vegas by the show's three judges. He further advanced to the top 48 (quarterfinals) to perform in the live episodes in Newark, New Jersey. On July 10, 2012, he performed a stand-up routine making fun of common clichés and phrases and advanced to the semi-finals. On August 28, 2012, he presented the judges with a list of subjects and asked judge Howie Mandel to pick one. Mandel picked \"College\", and Cotter then gave a short comedy set on the subject of college and teenagers. He advanced to the final round of six and was the runner-up of the season. On August 21, 2013, Cotter returned to the show to perform on the results show of that night. References External links Tom Cotter's website Tom Cotter's YouTube page Living people American stand-up comedians America's Got Talent contestants People from Stony Point, New York People from Providence, Rhode Island 1963 births Comedians from New York (state) Moses Brown School alumni 21st-century American comedians Comedians from Rhode Island", "title": "Tom Cotter (comedian)" }, { "docid": "55302890", "text": "Angelica Hale is an American singer, songwriter and actress. She competed in the 12th season of America's Got Talent, and became the runner-up to winner Darci Lynne. Early life Angelica Hale was born July 31, 2007 and was living in Atlanta, Georgia in 2019. Her father's name is James, and her mother's name is Eva. At the age of four, Hale contracted a severe bacterial pneumonia causing septic shock and multiple organ failure, including her kidneys, and suffered permanent scarring on her right lung. She was placed in a medically-induced coma, transferred from Children's Healthcare of Atlanta Scottish Rite to Children's Healthcare of Atlanta Egleston, and placed on ECMO life-support. After spending 12 days on ECMO and 80 days in the hospital recovering, she was released to go home on April 24, 2012. On September 13, 2013 after spending a year and a half on dialysis, Hale received a life-saving kidney transplant from her mother. Soon afterwards, Hale began taking singing lessons with vocal coach Tara Simon in Alpharetta, Georgia. She then won a singing competition for five- to nine-year-olds, and has performed for many charitable functions, such as Children's Miracle Network Hospitals and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta. Career America's Got Talent In 2017, Hale competed on season 12 of America's Got Talent, where she made it past the auditions round with her rendition of \"Rise Up\" by Andra Day. In the Judge Cuts round, Hale was given a golden buzzer by guest judge Chris Hardwick, after covering Alicia Keys' \"Girl on Fire\", and advanced immediately. During the live shows, she sang \"Clarity\" by Zedd and Foxes at the Quarterfinals and \"Without You\" by David Guetta for her Semifinals performance. Hale advanced to the Top 10 finals where she performed \"Symphony\" by Clean Bandit and Zara Larsson. For the finale in episode 22, she performed \"Stronger (What Doesn't Kill You)\" by Kelly Clarkson with Clarkson and fellow contestant Kechi Okwuchi. Hale finished the competition in second place behind Darci Lynne, becoming the youngest runner-up in the show's history. Hale was a finalist on America's Got Talent: The Champions, having received a golden buzzer advancement from judge Howie Mandel immediately after her performance of \"Fight Song\" by Rachel Platten. She placed in the bottom 7 of the top 12. Post-America's Got Talent Shortly after America's Got Talent, Hale performed in Tuckahoe, New York, for a crowd of 7,000 people. She became the first child ambassador of the National Kidney Foundation. She performed at the AGT live shows from November 2–5 at Las Vegas with Darci Lynne, Light Balance, and Preacher Lawson. In addition, Hale performed at the 2017 NFL game between the Atlanta Falcons and the Dallas Cowboys in Atlanta at Mercedes-Benz Stadium. She performed the national anthem on December 11, 2017 at Heinz Field for the Pittsburgh Steelers and Baltimore Ravens. Hale performed “Girl on Fire” at the 2017 Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade. In March 2018, she performed at Celebrity Fight Night with David Foster and on Little Big Shots.", "title": "Angelica Hale" }, { "docid": "55302670", "text": "Light Balance are a Ukrainian LED dance troupe formed in 2012 and based in Dnipro, Ukraine. They are best known for television appearances in competition shows. History Light Balance competed in the 8th series of Britain's Got Talent in 2014. They placed 4th in the public voting in semifinal 4 and were eliminated. In 2017 they competed in the 12th season of America's Got Talent, where they got a golden buzzer from host Tyra Banks during their audition and therefore, advanced straight to the live shows. They had a technical issue with their equipment in the quarterfinals, so their dress rehearsal performance was televised and judged. They received enough votes to advance to the semifinals. After their semifinal performance, they received enough votes to reach the finals. They placed 3rd for the season, behind Angelica Hale and Darci Lynne. In the finale, they performed with guest Derek Hough. They came in 3rd place like other similar acts previously on the show, Fighting Gravity and Team iLuminate. In 2018, Light Balance performed at NET.'s Indonesian Choice Awards 2018 in Sentul, West Java. In the Winter of 2018, Light Balance performed on Broadway in New York City with The Illusionists: Magic of the Holidays.\" In 2019, they were invited to compete in America's Got Talent: The Champions, but they did not advance to the finale. Light Balance performed on Broadway as part of the famous show \"The Illusionists\" and worked on the stage with such famous artists as Jessie J and The Jacksons as part of the Art on Ice shows all across Switzerland. The group made appearances as special guests for Warner Bros., MGM Grand, Buick, Volkswagen, Nike, Siemens, McDonald's, Coca-Cola, ZAIN, NSP, Staples, Accor Hotels Group, and many other corporate clients throughout the world. In April 2019, they teamed up with Netherrealm Studios for a special performance to celebrate the release of Mortal Kombat 11, the characters featured were Raiden, Scorpion, Sub-Zero, Baraka, Shao Kahn, and Skarlet. In 2023, Light Balance Kids were invited to compete in America's Got Talent: All-Stars but due to the ongoing conflict in Ukraine some of their members were unable to leave the country. As such, the act combined with some members of Light Balance (though were still credited as Light Balance Kids). References External links Official website Instagram Facebook Twitter America's Got Talent contestants Performing groups established in 2012 Dance groups 2012 establishments in Ukraine", "title": "Light Balance" }, { "docid": "49979603", "text": "Oz Pearlman (born July 19, 1982) is an American mentalist, magician, and athlete who lives and works in the United States. He performs as a mentalist under the name \"Oz the Mentalist\", and has successfully appeared on America's Got Talent, winning third-place in Season 10 (2015). Pearlman has also achieved success as a long-distance runner in marathons and ultramarathons. Personal life Early life Oz Pearlman was born on July 19, 1982, in Israel. He moved to the United States at the age of 3 as a result of his father pursuing an engineering job. Education Pearlman earned a bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering from the University of Michigan in 2003, while already earning income from magic. He began performing magic at restaurants, kids’ shows, and corporate events at the age of 14, and has stated that he always had a deck of cards on him between the ages of 13 and 18. Career transition Pearlman was originally employed at Merrill Lynch in their global technology services department, at that time only performing magic and mentalism as a part-time profession. After he was hired by his employer to deliver a corporate entertainment show to upper management within the company, he quit his full-time job at Merrill Lynch in order to focus on being a full-time entertainer. Since then he has focused on a full-time career performing as a mentalist. Marathon athlete Marathon achievements On April 4, 2022, Oz Pearlman broke the world record for most number of miles ran in Central Park (New York). The total distance he ran was over 116 miles (16 loops) and it was completed in 17 hours, 40 minutes, and 59 seconds. The New York Times, Reuters, Runner's World, and CBS News published articles about the event. The event raised money to help Ukrainian citizens afflicted by Russia's war against Ukraine. On August 5, 2022, Oz ran 130 miles in 21 hours, 52 minutes, and 33 seconds from Montauk to Manhattan. The Audacious Report produced a short documentary about the run and New York Times published an article about it. Pearlman won the New Jersey Marathon four times. He won the 50-mile Chicago Ultra Marathon in 2015 in 5 hours, 25 minutes, and 26 seconds, and has ranked within the top 30 fastest Americans for 50-mile races. He has also participated in the Hawaii Ironman World Championship, Western States 100 Mile Run, Spartathlon 153 Mile Run, Leadville 100 Mile Run, and Badwater 135 Mile Run. Media appearances Pearlman won third-place on America's Got Talent, Season 10 (2015). On January 13, 2020, he returned as a contestant in America's Got Talent: The Champions. In January 2022, Oz performed for Ellen DeGeneres on the final season of The Ellen Show. NBC TV (national) aired a travel show called Oz Knows in 2018, which was about Pearlman traveling to various tourist attractions and performing mentalism. Oz won an Emmy Award in May of 2018 for the show. In August 2023, he appeared on HBO Hard Knocks and performed for", "title": "Oz Pearlman" }, { "docid": "72638020", "text": "America's Got Talent: All-Stars (also known as AGT: All-Stars) is an American reality television and talent competition series that premiered on NBC on January 2, 2023. The \"all-stars\" series is a spinoff featuring winners, finalists, fan favorites, and others from previous seasons of America's Got Talent and across the Got Talent franchise. Terry Crews hosts the series, with Simon Cowell, Heidi Klum, and Howie Mandel serving as judges. In the finale, the winner receives a cash prize of $500,000. Production On October 7, 2022, NBC announced its third spin-off of the main series. Similar to the first spin-off, America's Got Talent: The Champions, the \"all-stars\" format will include past winners, finalists, and fan favorites from across previous seasons of the franchise, competing for the All-Star title. The series, with judges Simon Cowell, Heidi Klum, and Howie Mandel as well as host Terry Crews, began production in October 2022, and premiered on January 2, 2023. Overview The contest's preliminaries features 10 acts per episode. While those receiving a golden buzzer in each preliminary secure an automatic place in the grand finale, contestants compete for the remaining places. The following table lists each contestant who took part, and their history in the Got Talent franchise – per respective international version, season, and performance, in chronological order from first to more recent appearance: \| \| \| \| Golden Buzzer Finalist The act is made up of members of both Light Balance and Light Balance Kids, as some members of Light Balance Kids were unable to leave Ukraine due to the ongoing conflict. However, the act is still credited as just Light Balance Kids. Preliminaries Summary \| \| \| \| Buzzed out Preliminary 1 (January 2) Preliminary 2 (January 9) Preliminary 3 (January 16) Iwasaki intentionally hit Mandel's buzzer as part of his act. Preliminary 4 (January 23) Simon Cowell attempted to buzz the act but the buzzer was disabled. Preliminary 5 (January 30) Preliminary 6 (February 6) Finals (February 20) \| \| \| Bello Sisters and Aidan Bryant conducted a joint routine for their second performance, and thus shared the same guest performer. Light Balance Kids and Kodi Lee conducted a joint routine for their second performance. Ratings References External links 2020s American reality television series 2023 American television series debuts Competitions in the United States American English-language television shows American live television shows America's Got Talent American television spin-offs NBC reality television shows Reality television spin-offs Talent shows Television series by Fremantle (company) 2023 American television series endings", "title": "America's Got Talent: All-Stars" }, { "docid": "59813784", "text": "Collins Key (born May 9, 1996) is an American YouTuber, entertainer, and magician. As of March 2024, his channel has amassed nearly 24 million subscribers, generating more than 75 million views per month with over 6.7 billion total lifetime views. As a magician, he was a finalist on the eighth season of America's Got Talent, and later toured as part of Demi Lovato's Neon Lights tour. Key created and starred in a campaign for AT&T called The Disappearing Girl, for which he received a number of awards. Key has also been nominated for multiple Teen Choice Awards. Early life Key was born on May 9, 1996, in Los Angeles, California. His parents are Steven and Anne Key, and he has a younger brother, Devan Key, who he regularly collaborates with on his YouTube channel. At age 13, after doing magic for 9 months, he was accepted into the elite Junior Program at the Hollywood Famous Magic Castle. Career At 16 years of age, Collins was discovered on YouTube by the producers of America's Got Talent, and invited to appear on their eighth season. Key became the first magician to make the finals of the show. He is often referred to as \"Magic’s First Pop Star\". In 2013, he toured across the country with America’s Got Talent, visiting 36 cities in six weeks. In 2014, Collins joined Demi Lovato on their Neon Lights tour, opening for the singer with other acts such as Fifth Harmony, Little Mix, and Cher Lloyd. Each night, Collins hosted and performed magic. In addition, he was asked to present at the 2014 Teen Choice Awards alongside other presenters including Jennifer Lopez, Taylor Swift and Kylie Jenner. After his appearance on America's Got Talent, he focused on his YouTube channel, growing from 2 million to 18 million subscribers in two years. He and his brother, Devan Key, primarily upload comedy videos. He also created, produced and starred in web series The Disappearing Girl in partnership with AT&T. The series won a Shorty Award, an AdWeek Arc Award, a Cannes Lions Award, and a Streamy Award. In 2017, Key was the first digital creator given the opportunity to create and produce six weeks of interstitial content for Disney Channel leading into the Fall Season Friday Night Lineup. The same year, he gave a TEDx talk at the University of Santa Barbara about his experiences as a magician. In 2018, Collins headlined the YouTube FanFest concert in Mumbai, India, and was nominated for Choice Male Web Star and Choice Comedy Web Star at the 2018 Teen Choice Awards. In 2020 he surpassed 22.5 million subscribers on YouTube. References External links Collins Key at Youtube 1996 births Academy of Magical Arts Junior Achievement Award winners American magicians America's Got Talent contestants Living people YouTubers from Los Angeles", "title": "Collins Key" }, { "docid": "52201436", "text": "Brian Justin Crum (born May 28, 1988) is an American singer and actor from San Diego, California. In 2016, he came to national attention competing on the eleventh season of the NBC TV competition America's Got Talent, taking fourth place. Early life and stage career Brian Justin Crum was born in San Diego, California, United States, and attended the San Diego School of Creative and Performing Arts. Crum always had a love for music, and decided to take it to the stage. At the age of seventeen, Crum left San Diego to become a part of the popular broadway musical Wicked. He later moved to New York City and joined the cast of the musical comedy Altar Boyz and Grease. Crum also dreamed of becoming a part of the Next to Normal musical; that came true when he became a standby for Gabe and Henry, characters of the play. Crum has starred in several regional productions such as Tarzan, Jesus Christ Superstar and Snapshots. He soon met his mentor Stephen Schwartz, and the two performed alongside each other throughout the country. Brian played the character of \"Daniel\" in the episode \"Possessed\" in Season 12 of Law & Order: SVU. Crum toured with The Addams Family, portraying Lucas Beineke and most frequently as Galileo Figaro in Queen's rock theatrical We Will Rock You. He sang with Brian May and Roger Taylor, original members of the band. He won a few Best Actor in Musical Awards for his performance and garnered reviews that considered him as \"a Triumph.\" But besides his acting career, Crum is now pursuing a new career in Pop music, currently in Los Angeles, California. America's Got Talent For the June 28, 2016, final broadcast during the eleventh season of NBC's America's Got Talent. Crum continued into the cuts and performed Radiohead's \"Creep\". Crum received enough votes from the public and automatically advanced into the quarterfinals. Going into the quarterfinals, Crum performed Phil Collins' In the Air Tonight. Crum received enough votes from the public once again and advanced to the semi-finals, along with fellow act Grace VanderWaal. In the semi-finals, Crum performed Tears For Fears' \"Everybody Wants to Rule the World\". Mandel, Klum, Mel and Cowell gave Crum a standing ovation and he received enough votes to be sent into the finals. For his final performance, Crum sang Michael Jackson's \"Man in the Mirror\". At the end of the broadcast, Crum placed fourth in the competition overall, with VanderWaal declared as the winner. Post-Got Talent: 2016–present Following his time on America's Got Talent, Crum and Mary Lambert performed as guest vocalists on Superfruit's cover of Katy Perry's \"Rise\". He released a cover of Robyn's \"Show Me Love\" on December 10, 2016, through Prop D Recordings. The song reached the top ten on Billboard's Dance Club Songs chart, and peaked at No. 33 on the magazine's Dance/Electronic Songs chart. He also made an appearance on America's Got Talent's Christmas special alongside previous Got Talent acts, singing \"Santa Claus Is", "title": "Brian Justin Crum" }, { "docid": "27529608", "text": "The fifth season of American talent show competition series America's Got Talent was broadcast on NBC from June 1 to September 15, 2010. For this season, production staff introduced two new quarter-finals: one for Wildcards selected from the participants eliminated during auditions or their respective quarter-final, and one for acts that auditioned via YouTube, following changes in the online application process. Following the conclusion of the fourth season, David Hasselhoff left the program, and was replaced by Howie Mandel. The fifth season was won by soul singer Michael Grimm, with classical crossover singer Jackie Evancho finishing in second, and blacklight performaners Fighting Gravity placing third. During its broadcast, the season averaged around over 11 million viewers, with its season finale the most watched in the program's history with around 16.41 million viewers. Season overview Auditions for the fifth season's competition took place during Winter until mid-Spring 2010. Auditions were filmed in Dallas, Los Angeles, New York, Portland, Chicago and at the Universal Orlando Resort. Prior to production starting, David Hasselhoff left the show to focus on a new project, leaving a replacement needed for his role as judge. A week after Hasselhoff announced his departure from AGT, the network unveiled his successor as Howie Mandel, who had recently finished his fourth season as host of the American edition of Deal or No Deal (before its eight-year hiatus began that year). For this season, format changes included the addition of two new rounds in the quarter-finals. The first new round was arranged for online auditions, which in itself was modified in rules and arrangements. Prior to the fifth season, most online auditions were made via MySpace and did not guarantee that any submissions made would secure a place in the competition. However, these online applications were later changed so that applicants could submit recorded auditions on a special YouTube channel. Eleven acts were picked by the judges, while a twelfth would be selected by voting from online viewers, guaranteeing a place in the competition via a special quarter-final round. The second new round was a reformatting of the Wildcard system. Unlike the original format, the judges could each pick about four participants who were eliminated from the competition, either at the Vegas Verdicts stage or in the quarter-finals. The decision to include two new quarter-finals to the competition's schedule, meant that the number of quarter-finalists allowed to move on to the semi-finals, were reduced to around four from each quarter-final. The top three were voted on by the public, and the fourth was chosen by the judges from those placed fourth and fifth respectively, in the public vote. Another change in the format was a deeper involvement of guest performers in America's Got Talent. While the program had mainly made use of them for entertainment during the Results episode aired after the Performance episodes in the previous season, additional guest performers became involved in the program after the rules on performances in the live grand-final were changed. Participants could each conduct", "title": "America's Got Talent season 5" }, { "docid": "27760420", "text": "Alice Tan Ridley (born December 21, 1952) is an American gospel and R&B singer and the mother of actress Gabourey Sidibe. Ridley advanced to the semi-finals of the NBC television series America's Got Talent, after previously winning $25,000 in the pilot episode of 30 Seconds to Fame. Ridley released her debut album Never Lost My Way at the age of 63 in September 2016. Early life Ridley was born in Georgia. She is the mother of Ahmed and Gabourey Sidibe. For about 30 years, Ridley has been singing and busking in New York City subway stations, mainly at Herald Square in Midtown Manhattan. She was a paid singer at Harlem’s Cotton Club for many years, performing for “Brunch and Gospel”. For the past six years, Ridley tours with a 7-piece band doing shows at performing arts centers across America. Her daughter Gabourey Sidibe starred in the 2009 hit film Precious and garnered critical acclaim. On October 6, 2012, Ridley performed, for the first time in her life, with a 65-piece symphony orchestra at Ohio Northern University in Ada, Ohio. America's Got Talent Overview Ridley auditioned in New York for the fifth season of America's Got Talent. She auditioned with Etta James' hit song \"At Last\". She was praised by all three judges and advanced to Vegas Week. There, she was selected to move on to the Top 48, alongside fellow singer Debra Romer. On July 20, Ridley performed \"Midnight Train to Georgia\" by Gladys Knight. She received a standing ovation from the crowd and the judges, and was praised for her performance. She advanced to the semi-finals with AscenDance, Michael Grimm, and Antonio Restivo. Her semi-final performance of \"I Have Nothing\" was the first performance of the twelve of the night, with Piers Morgan calling it a great beginning for the show. When placed against Studio One Young Beast Society in the final moments of the results show the next night, both Piers Morgan and Sharon Osbourne opted for Studio One, and ended Ridley's time on America's Got Talent. Performances and results References External links 1952 births America's Got Talent contestants Living people American buskers American gospel singers Singers from New York City American contemporary R&B singers 21st-century African-American women singers 21st-century American women singers", "title": "Alice Tan Ridley" }, { "docid": "73873723", "text": "The eighteenth season of the American talent show competition series America's Got Talent premiered on NBC on May 30, 2023, and concluded on September 27, 2023. The season was won by dog act Adrian Stoica and Hurricane, with magician Anna DeGuzman finishing second, and dance group Murmuration placing third. Production On March 3, 2023, it was announced that the entire main cast from the previous season would return for the new season. On March 30, 2023, it was announced that the season would premiere on May 30, 2023. Season overview For the first time in the show's history, the audience used the Golden Buzzer for Mzansi Youth Choir. This occurrence follows the sixteenth season of Britain's Got Talent to use this addition. Just like the previous season, during the final qualifying round results show on September 20, an Instant Save vote was held for viewers to send a final wildcard into the finals. The four acts included in this vote were acts that were eliminated in the live shows, with each act selected by one of the judges; Mandel selected Avantgardey, Klum selected Herwan Legaillard, Vergara selected Gabriel Henrique, and Cowell selected Chioma & the Atlanta Drum Academy. Avantgardey ultimately won the public vote, taking the last spot in the season's finals. \| \| \| \| America's Instant Save \| Golden Buzzer Audition Qualifiers summary Buzzed Out \| \| \| Qualifier 1 (August 22) Guest Performer, Results Show: Craig Robinson, Aidan Bryant, The Pack Drumline, Human Fountains, Light Balance, Kodi Lee Qualifier 2 (August 29) Guest Performer, Results Show: Shin Lim Qualifier 3 (September 5) Guest Performer, Results Show: Detroit Lions Cheerleaders, Chapel Hart Qualifier 4 (September 12) Guest Performer, Results Show: Drake Milligan Qualifier 5 (September 19) Guest Performer, Results Show: Reba McEntire, Sofie Dossi Mandel pressed Klum's buzzer during Trailer Flowers' performance instead of his own. Mandel proceeded to claim he would never press his buzzer during the semi-finals, despite video shown afterwards showing him pressing Klum's buzzer. Avantgardey was brought back as a Wildcard act for the Finals. Finals (September 26–27) Guest Performers, Results Show: Mayyas \| \| \| Anna DeGuzman and Murmuration conducted a joint routine for their second performance, and thus shared the same guest performer. Chibi Unity and Ramadhani Brothers conducted a joint routine for their second performance, and thus shared the same guest performer. Ratings References 2023 American television seasons America's Got Talent seasons", "title": "America's Got Talent season 18" }, { "docid": "44740790", "text": "Samantha Hess (born 1983) is an American former professional cuddler and author. Her business, Cuddle up to Me, gained national attention when she appeared on America's Got Talent in 2015. Career Hess worked as a personal trainer. She set up a cuddling business after watching a Free Hugs Campaign social experiment video of two men offering hugs, one for free and the other for money. She learned of other groups in New York City who ran identical businesses and was inspired to pursue it as a career. She was divorced and missed platonic cuddling between friends, which she wanted without having to enter a full relationship. As a sufferer from chronic back pain she found cuddling therapeutic and relieving. People around Hess were initially skeptical of the idea, with her friends dismissing it as crazy. When she applied for a business license, authorities thought cuddling was a cover for prostitution. In an interview with CNBC, she spoke about advances made by her clients and would-be clients, with Hess saying she received \"plenty of inappropriate emails\" and even three marriage proposals. Several media outlets interviewed Hess including KOBI, The Daily News KATU KHOU, KCTV and many others. In January 2014 she was interviewed by Biz Journal where she shared her plans for Cuddle Up to Me with Portland Business Journal Editor Rob Smith. She said she plans to model after ZoomCare. Her clients are mostly people with disabilities or who suffer from traumatic stress. In late 2014, Hess opened a professional cuddling shop. She attracted 10,000 customers in the first week. The following year, she staged a 12-hour cuddling convention. In August 2022, she announced her choice to end her service as a professional cuddler. America's Got Talent In May 2015, Hess appeared as a 10th season contestant for NBC's America's Got Talent. In her audition, she cuddled Nick Cannon using the techniques \"The Cleopatra,\" \"The Claw,\" and \"Mother of Pearl\". Howard Stern buzzed the act. After the audition, the judges formed a pile on top of Cannon on the couch. Although Stern voted \"No,\" Heidi Klum, Mel B, and Howie Mandel voted \"Yes,\" sending her to the Judge Cuts Week round. In July 2015, during Judge Cuts Week 1, she cuddled guest judge Neil Patrick Harris with techniques called \"The Fortune Cookie,\" \"The Sidewinder,\" and \"The Romeo\". Stern, Klum, Mel B, and Mandel buzzed her, eliminating her from the competition. She was not in the scene with the judges discussing her as she had four \"X\"s. She was the first contestant in season ten to receive all \"X\"s during Judge Cuts Week. See also Other practices that have been compared to prostitution: Sugar dating Treating (dating) Bibliography References External links Official website Living people Portland Community College alumni Businesspeople from Sacramento, California Businesspeople from Portland, Oregon 1983 births", "title": "Samantha Hess" }, { "docid": "6359078", "text": "The second season of American talent show competition series America's Got Talent was broadcast on NBC from June 5 to August 21, 2007. The network originally intended for it to run during its winter schedule that year, but opted against it following concerns over it clashing with other popular programs at that time. After the success of its first year, additional episodes of the series were commissioned by NBC, with changes being made to the program's format for the new season. These included the addition of a \"boot camp\" stage during the auditions, and the use of the judge's buzzers matching other editions of the Got Talent franchise, particularly after the first season of Britain's Got Talent. While Piers Morgan and David Hasselhoff returned as judges, Regis Philbin did not return as host for the new season, and was replaced by tabloid talk show host Jerry Springer. Brandy Norwood was unable to return as a judge following the previous season, due to an ongoing lawsuit against her at the time, and was replaced by Sharon Osbourne as a result. The second season was won by singing ventriloquist and impressionist Terry Fator, with singer and guitarist Cas Haley finishing in second place, and singing beatboxer Butterscotch placing third. Season overview Following the success of the first season of America's Got Talent, NBC opted to commission further seasons of the program for the foreseeable future. As part of the network's original plan for the second season, the new episodes were intended to broadcast during the network's Winter 2007 schedule, with the results of each live round aired on the same day. However, concerns that such a decision would place America's Got Talent in a direct competition for viewing ratings with the sixth season of American Idol, due to being aired around the same period. NBC eventually dropped the plan, and set the program up for its Summer schedule that year, allocating the arranged broadcasting slot of Grease: You're The One That I Want. The second season had a considerable change in the format of the program, to match a more standardized arrangement being used across the Got Talent franchise. The most notable change was the filmed auditions being split into two stages, with the first taking place across a selection of cities, and the second stage operating in Las Vegas under a \"boot camp\" format titled \"Las Vegas Callbacks\". The second stage's rules focused on those who made it through the first stage being placed into one of two groups: \"music\" and \"variety\", having to successfully impress the judges across two rounds of performances, with each three minutes in length and conducted without interruptions from the judges. The other change was to incorporate the live round rules for judges used on other editions of Got Talent, particularly Britain's Got Talent. The new arrangement primarily saw judges giving feedback on a performance when it had ended but still using their buzzers to stop performances, while the public voted on who moved to the", "title": "America's Got Talent season 2" }, { "docid": "68744820", "text": "Dustin Tavella (born April 11, 1986) is an American magician and singer. He is best known for being the season 16 winner of the NBC show America's Got Talent as a magician. Since 2010, Tavella has released numerous singles, and an EP in 2014. Early life and education Tavella was born in Pottstown, Pennsylvania, and graduated from Pottsgrove High School. As a child, he went to magic shows in Atlantic City with his grandparents, who were into gambling. Prior to starting his music career, Tavella worked for a humanitarian organization (Compassion International), aiding the homeless and mentoring in youth programs. Music and magic careers Upon realizing the positive impact music had on people, Tavella made a shift to an entertainment career. In 2010, after writing and recording R&B-style pop songs, he began posting them on YouTube as dUSTIN tAVELLA. Since 2011, Tavella has produced multiple singles and an EP, via his independent record label Film and Music (FAM). In early 2012, Tavella gained some national exposure when he appeared on CMT's reality television show, Sweet Home Alabama. Mixing a bit of country (with his guitar) into his predominantly urban style, he released a few singles related to the show. In 2013, Tavella released the single \"Everybody Knows (Douchebag)\", which went viral. Pop singer Selena Gomez choreographed a dance video to the song, as a \"dismissal\" to ex-boyfriend Justin Bieber. Later that year, Gomez made a cameo appearance in Tavella's official video for the song, featuring Danny Trejo and Francia Raisa. A five-song EP, called Phases 1 3, arrived in July 2014. America's Got Talent In 2018, Tavella began performing magic professionally. In 2021, he auditioned for the season sixteen of America's Got Talent. He made it to the finals, performed with Mat Franco and Rico Rodriguez, and consequently won on September 15, 2021. Beating out nine finalist for the million dollar grand prize, Tavella is the third magician to win the show, after Franco and Shin Lim. In 2022, Tavella began headlining America's Got Talent Live, at the Luxor Las Vegas on the Strip. His own magic show, Here Comes Trouble, incorporates his musical talent. In August 2022, Tavella performed during the first live season 17 Qualifier Results Show, alongside Sofía Vergara and assisted by Sarah Hyland. In January 2023, Tavella competed on America's Got Talent: All-Stars, but was eliminated in the first round. Personal life Tavella lives in Branson, Missouri, moving there from Las Vegas, after moving from Virginia Beach, Virginia. He married Kari Gibson in 2018. They adopted two sons, Xander and Sylas, both of whom he centered acts around. He currently performs his show \"Now I See\" at the Reza Live Theatre. A devout Christian, Tavella and his wife have been active with pregnancy crisis and homeless ministries. See also America's Got Talent (season 16) References Living people America's Got Talent winners American magicians 1986 births People from Pottstown, Pennsylvania", "title": "Dustin Tavella" }, { "docid": "28383286", "text": "The sixth season of American talent show competition series America's Got Talent was broadcast on NBC from May 31 to September 14, 2011. No major changes were made in the program's format, although a number of participants who auditioned later dropped out due to obligations outside the competition. However, the season attracted media attention after one of its participants established a world record during their performance on the program. The sixth season was won by jazz singer Landau Eugene Murphy, Jr., with silhouette dance group Silhouettes finishing in second, and glow-light dance group Team iLuminate placing third. During its broadcast, the season averaged around over 11.8 million viewers, with its opening episode attracting around 15.28 million viewers (the highest viewing figures for a season of America's Got Talent to premiere with). Season overview Auditions for the sixth season's competition took place during Winter until mid-Spring 2011, across eight cities in the United States. Filmed locations included Los Angeles, Atlanta, Houston, Seattle, Minneapolis and New York. Auditions held within Denver and Chicago were not filmed. Due to weather conditions, Piers Morgan was unable to attend some of the auditions held in Minneapolis, though this did not disrupt production. The sixth season had a number of participants who auditioned, but dropped out despite securing a place in the live rounds, after determining that it would conflict with other obligations each had. In an interview held during May 2011 on Late Night with Jimmy Fallon, Howie Mandel described the program as the most dangerous, indicating that ambulances had to be called six times during auditions after a number of participants injured themselves during their act. One of the most significant events of this season involved Darren Taylor, who operated under his stage name of Professor Splash and established a new world record, during one of his live round performances for the highest shallow dive. Of the participants who auditioned for this season, sixty-one secured a place in the live quarter-finals, with twelve quarter-finalists in each one. Eleven of these acts were given a second chance in the Wildcard quarter-final, after losing their initial quarter-final. About twenty-four of these advanced and were split between the two semi-finals, with ten semi-finalists securing a place in the finals, and four finalists securing a place in the grand-final. The following below lists the results of each participant's overall performance in this season: \| \| \| \| \| Wildcard Quarter-finalist Ages denoted for a participant(s), pertain to their final performance for this season. These participants were entered into the Wildcard quarter-final after losing their initial quarter-final. The ages of these participants were not disclosed on the program. For health and safety reasons, Professor Splash had to perform outside the studio; judges were required view the performance in person, and used hand-carried signs in place of their buzzers. Quarter-finals summary Buzzed Out \| Judges' choice \| \| Quarter-final 1 (July 12) Guest Performers, Results Show: Avril Lavigne, and cast of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert. Because of the majority", "title": "America's Got Talent season 6" }, { "docid": "55369437", "text": "Preacher Lawson (born March 14, 1991) is an American comedian. He is known for being a finalist on the 12th season of America's Got Talent. He returned for America's Got Talent: The Champions, where he finished in 5th place overall. Early life Preacher Lawson was born in Portland, Oregon, on March 14, 1991. Lawson moved to 20 different locations before he was 10 years old. He lived the longest in Memphis, Tennessee. Lawson started work as a comedian in Orlando, Florida, and considers it to be his hometown. Even in the lowest points of his life (both financially and emotionally), Preacher says that he always remembers how his mother would make living in a car seem like a luxury. Preacher started writing jokes when he was 16 for about a year, then performed for the first time at age 17. He won the 2015 Funniest Comedian In Florida and the 2016 Seattle International Comedy Competition. Between March 2016 and May 2017, Lawson appeared on 4 episodes of Kill Tony (146, 149, 163, 212). Career 2017: America's Got Talent Lawson appeared on season 12 of America's Got Talent in 2017 and made it through successive elimination rounds, reaching the finals, where he was one of the final 10. He also appeared in that year's America's Got Talent Live! show in Las Vegas that was part of the winner's prize. 2019: AGT & BGT: The Champions Lawson was invited to compete on America's Got Talent: The Champions in 2019. He advanced to the finale after he received the most votes from the superfans of the United States. In the finale, he came in the top 5 and came in 5th place overall. He also competed in Britain's Got Talent: The Champions later in 2019, and advanced through to the final after he received the most votes from the superfans in the audience. He finished in the bottom 7 of the final 10. YouTube career Lawson also runs a YouTube channel, where he posts travel vlogs, vegan and vegetarian cooking guides, and music videos, all with a comedic twist. As of the 25th of November 2021, his channel has attracted over 23 million views and over 630,000 subscribers. A passionate vegan, Lawson also posts videos discussing the ethical dimensions of his diet. He also used to run a channel named Box Of Chocolates, which was a skit-creating channel. References External links 1991 births Living people People from Memphis, Tennessee Comedians from Oregon People from Portland, Oregon America's Got Talent contestants 21st-century American comedians American male comedians African-American male comedians", "title": "Preacher Lawson" }, { "docid": "54349470", "text": "Evelyn Clair Thomas, (Evelyn Abplanalp; born December 2, 2003), better known by her stage name Evie Clair, is a musical artist and reality television personality who appeared on the twelfth season of the talent competition series America's Got Talent. Early life Clair is the daughter of Hillary and Amos Abplanalp and is the second oldest of five children, with one older brother and three younger sisters. Clair also has a step-brother, three step-sisters, and a half-sister from her mother's second marriage, all of whom are younger than her. She has been playing piano since she was two years old. On September 8, 2017, the day after Clair advanced to the America's Got Talent finals, she announced that her father had died from colon cancer. Clair and her family are members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. On December 17, 2021, she married Clancy Thomas. Clair and Thomas had their first child, a daughter named Billye Clair Thomas, on April 12, 2023. Career Clair began acting as a tap dancer in Anne at Hale Center Theater in Gilbert, Arizona at the age of eight. She sang the national anthem at an Arizona Diamondbacks' game. America's Got Talent Clair auditioned for America's Got Talent three times before getting on the show, auditioning with \"Arms\" by Christina Perri and won praise from Perri. Due to her father's death Clair was offered the opportunity to come back the following season, however she chose to stay on course and perform in the upcoming finals. Accommodations were made for Clair on the program. A woman who was overseeing wardrobe often bought two skirts for her, ensuring there was enough fabric to create outfits with long enough skirts, which is due to the modesty-focused dress standards which the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints has and which Clair adopted for herself. Album On May 23, 2018, it was announced an album by Clair was planned. The album was officially released on June 1, 2018. All of the songs are performed by Evie Clair except for the song Okay Day which features Kirra L.A, her sister.; Clair also sings on the track. Track listing In 2018, she starred in 'The Unbelievables Christmas spectacular' in Reno as the headline act. References 2003 births Living people American women pop singers Latter Day Saints from Arizona Singers from Arizona 21st-century American singers America's Got Talent contestants 21st-century American women singers", "title": "Evie Clair" }, { "docid": "2583752", "text": "Susan Sykes (born May 9, 1961) is a television personality and actress who has appeared in films such as The Dictator (alongside Sacha Baron Cohen and Sir Ben Kingsley) and Deported, as well as several television shows, who performs under the stage name Busty Heart. Early life and education Sykes is the daughter of an IBM executive and a school teacher. Sykes worked as an assistant at an investment firm and paralegal for a large law firm before her career in the entertainment business. Sykes graduated from the Dana Hall School in Wellesley, Massachusetts. She graduated from Pine Manor College in Brookline, Massachusetts, in 1979. Career Sykes earned the nickname \"Busty Heart\" in high school, by which point her oversized breasts had already developed. Her first claim to fame was as a spectator at a Boston Celtics game in 1986. She had been given free tickets to a Celtics game, which happened to be seated next to NBA prospect John Salley. As CBS's cameras spotted Salley in the crowd, Sykes shook her breasts at the camera, breaking Brent Musburger's attention and prompting him to break into laughter. Sykes, who had previously been self-conscious about her large breasts and had otherwise avoided public appearances because of them, soon “parlayed 15 seconds of fame into a 30-year-career” and became a regular at Celtics games. The Celtics won the 1986 NBA Finals and appeared in (but lost) the 1987 NBA Finals while Busty Heart was in the stands. She mostly ceased appearing at sporting events in 1990, when the St. Louis Cardinals management accused her of public lewdness after attending a Cardinals game. She appeared on the season finale of America's Got Talent (NBC) on October 1, 2008. She also appeared on Rude Tube on Channel 4 in the United Kingdom in November 2008. Among her most famous television appearances, she was on Comedy Central's The Man Show, where she demonstrated her talent for crushing beer cans by slamming her breasts on top of them. Busty Heart has done numerous TV shows, including Fox-TV's That's Just Wrong, The WB's Steve Harvey-hosted Steve Harvey's Big Time Challenge season finale, Endemol TV's Private Parts on Channel 5 in England, truTV's World's Dumbest, Bravo TV's Outrageous and Contagious Viral Videos, Fuji TV Tokyo Japan \"2006 Bakademy Awards\", E!'s Talk Soup, and 2007 Spike TV MANswers. E! named a Busty Heart clip the #14 best video clip of 2005. On July 1, 2008, she demonstrated her \"talents\" on the third season of America's Got Talent, and received unanimous \"No\" votes. However, during 2010's German talent show Das Supertalent, she received all \"yes\" votes from the judges and even reached the semi-final round,(Top 40 out of 41.000 auditioners) where she missed the final because of the audience's voting. She later performed in Got Talent in other countries, such as Croatia, Czech Republic, Georgia and France Busty Heart appeared in the film The Dictator; she plays the role of Etra, one of the titular dictator's bodyguards who uses her", "title": "Busty Heart" }, { "docid": "55163575", "text": "Darci Lynne Farmer (born October 12, 2004) is an American ventriloquist, singer, musician, and comedian. Farmer has been credited with the revival of ventriloquism, earning praise and numerous accolades for her work. Born in Oklahoma, Farmer developed an interest in singing from a young age, but was held back by her shyness before audiences. Inspired by performances by ventriloquists including Terry Fator, she began to practice ventriloquism, performing in a local talent contest with her first puppet in 2014. Following her success in the competition, Farmer received coaching and assistance from other performers, allowing her to win additional contests over the next two years. Farmer came to national attention when she appeared on Little Big Shots in 2016, but gained greater recognition and acclaim when she won the twelfth season of America's Got Talent the following year. Since then, she has made numerous appearances on other television shows and has held several tours with her puppet characters, with Petunia Rabbit being her main character. Early life and education Darci Lynne Farmer was born on October 12, 2004. She is from Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Lynne's parents are Clarke and Misty Farmer, and she has three brothers, Nate, Dalton, and Nick. Growing up, Lynne loved to sing, but was hesitant to perform in front of an audience. Her parents encouraged her to overcome her shyness by participating in the 2014 International Cinderella Scholarship Program, where she was crowned International Mini Miss. At the pageant, she met International Teen titleholder Laryssa Bonacquisti, a young ventriloquist who inspired her to try ventriloquism herself. In 2014, after a month's preparation using tips provided by Bonacquisti, Lynne entered Edmond's Got Talent and won first prize. Ventriloquy coach Gary Owen was so impressed by Lynne's performance that he offered to serve as her trainer and business manager. Since then Lynne has worked with both Owen and vocal coach Tiana Plemons. The following year, she won first place in both Oklahoma Kids and the junior division of Oklahoma's Got Talent. She also won Broadway, Specialty Acts, and Entertainer of the Year at American Kids in Branson, Missouri. Until she began homeschooling in eighth grade, Lynne attended Deer Creek Middle School near her home in Edmond, Oklahoma. She missed the first day of seventh grade when she appeared live on America's Got Talent. Professional career Little Big Shots and America's Got Talent In March 2016, Lynne made an appearance on Little Big Shots, singing \"I Want to Be a Cowboy's Sweetheart\" with her puppet Katie, a cowgirl. In July 2016, she became the first child ventriloquist to perform at an evening show in the 40-year history of the Vent Haven ConVENTion, where she fronted for ventriloquists Kevin Johnson and Todd Oliver. In March 2017, she appeared on the British version of Little Big Shots, again performing \"I Want to Be a Cowboy's Sweetheart\" with Katie. Lynne competed in the twelfth season of America's Got Talent in mid-2017. During the first episode, which was broadcast on May 30, Lynne and", "title": "Darci Lynne" }, { "docid": "50368988", "text": "Mysterion (born Christopher Justin Doyle; October 31, 1974) is a Canadian mentalist, magician, collector, comedic writer and occasional wrestling manager. Career Native to Toronto he appears on various television programs and media and is known for his creepy persona. (Metro, Toronto Star, Bizarre Magazine, PIE magazine, and 24hrs). He has appeared numerous times on MUCHMUSIC and many morning shows (CP24, Breakfast television, Mancow Chicago CHCH, and Global Morning Live) as well as having his oddities collection featured on Baggage Battles and Marilyn Dennis show. From 2004-2005 Mysterion contributed to tabloid The Toronto Special with a comedy horoscope column and prediction article. In 2008 he released a 45 single \"Mindreader\" which got the cover of Toronto music magazine EYE weekly. Mysterion appeared on the season 3 Kenny vs. Spenny episode \"Who Can Stay in a Haunted House the Longest\". Mysterion is a collector of unusual items from around the world including headhunter trophies, Albino animals and two headed animals. From 2013-2017 Mysterion appeared regularly on Rogers TV Wrestling program Victory Wrestling showcase and live wrestling events as a heel manager and occasional wrestler. In 2015 he teamed up with mentalist Steffi Kay to form The Sentimentalists. The Sentimentalists have toured the US and appeared at the Magic Castle as well as the CIA club in Hollywood. In 2016 they were the subject of a BellFibe1 TV documentary \"Something Strange\". In Nov 2016 Mysterion and Steffi filmed the TV show Billy Goes North, season 1 episode 10 (Magic Mayhem). l. In May 2018, Mysterion appeared on the show Penn & Teller: Fool Us as part of a mind-reading duo The Sentimentalists with Steffi Kay where they successfully fooled the hosts. In 2019, Mysterion and Steffi Kay appeared together as The Sentimentalists, as contestants on the fourteenth season of America's Got Talent. They successfully moved past the auditions but were eliminated in the judge cuts round of the competition. On August 14 it was announced they were chosen as the wild card and being brought back for the live quarterfinal rounds at the Dolby Theatre. They were again eliminated during the quarterfinals. In Feb 2020 they appeared on the cover of magic magazine VANISH. In May 2020 The Sentimentalists were awarded the Allan Slaight award for outstanding achievement in magic: Rising Star. In January 2022 they appeared on the cover and were the feature of Magicseen Magazine. The Sentimentalists appeared on season two of Canadas Got Talent and advanced to the Semifinals of the competition. They are members of the Magic Castle in Hollywood as well as the Magic Circle in the U.K References External links Sleight of Mind Blog T.O LAWeekly Tattle Creek The Toronto Star Newswire Post City CityTV 1974 births Living people America's Got Talent contestants Canadian magicians Canada's Got Talent contestants", "title": "Mysterion the Mind Reader" } ]	[ "Magician Shin Lim" ]
train_7083	which part of the uterus does implantation occur in	[ { "docid": "3845750", "text": "Placentation refers to the formation, type and structure, or arrangement of the placenta. The function of placentation is to transfer nutrients, respiratory gases, and water from maternal tissue to a growing embryo, and in some instances to remove waste from the embryo. Placentation is best known in live-bearing mammals (theria), but also occurs in some fish, reptiles, amphibians, a diversity of invertebrates, and flowering plants. In vertebrates, placentas have evolved more than 100 times independently, with the majority of these instances occurring in squamate reptiles. The placenta can be defined as an organ formed by the sustained apposition or fusion of fetal membranes and parental tissue for physiological exchange. This definition is modified from the original Mossman (1937) definition, which constrained placentation in animals to only those instances where it occurred in the uterus. In mammals In live bearing mammals, the placenta forms after the embryo implants into the wall of the uterus. The developing fetus is connected to the placenta via an umbilical cord. Mammalian placentas can be classified based on the number of tissues separating the maternal from the fetal blood. These include: endotheliochorial placentation In this type of placentation, the chorionic villi are in contact with the endothelium of maternal blood vessels. (e.g. in most carnivores like cats and dogs) epitheliochorial placentation Chorionic villi, growing into the apertures of uterine glands ( epithelium). (e.g. in ruminants, horses, whales, lower primates, dugongs) hemochorial placentation In hemochorial placentation maternal blood comes in direct contact with the fetal chorion, which it does not in the other two types. It may avail for more efficient transfer of nutrients etc., but is also more challenging for the systems of gestational immune tolerance to avoid rejection of the fetus. (e.g. in higher order primates, including humans, and also in rabbits, guinea pigs, mice, and rats) During pregnancy, placentation is the formation and growth of the placenta inside the uterus. It occurs after the implantation of the embryo into the uterine wall and involves the remodeling of blood vessels in order to supply the needed amount of blood. In humans, placentation takes place 7–8 days after fertilization. In humans, the placenta develops in the following manner. Chorionic villi (from the embryo) on the embryonic pole grow, forming chorion frondosum. Villi on the opposite side (abembryonic pole) degenerate and form the chorion laeve (or chorionic laevae), a smooth surface. The endometrium (from the mother) over the chorion frondosum (this part of the endometrium is called the decidua basalis) forms the decidual plate. The decidual plate is tightly attached to the chorion frondosum and goes on to form the actual placenta. Endometrium on the opposite side to the decidua basalis is the decidua parietalis. This fuses with the chorion laevae, thus filling up the uterine cavity. In the case of twins, dichorionic placentation refers to the presence of two placentas (in all dizygotic and some monozygotic twins). Monochorionic placentation occurs when monozygotic twins develop with only one placenta and bears a higher risk of complications during", "title": "Placentation" }, { "docid": "10044714", "text": "The genetics and abortion issue is an extension of the abortion debate and the disability rights movement. Since the advent of forms of prenatal diagnosis, such as amniocentesis and ultrasound, it has become possible to detect the presence of congenital disorders in the fetus before birth. Specifically, disability-selective abortion is the abortion of fetuses that are found to have non-fatal mental or physical defects detected through prenatal testing. Many prenatal tests are now considered routine, such as testing for Down syndrome. Women who are discovered to be carrying fetuses with disabilities are often faced with the decision of whether to abort or to prepare to parent a child with disabilities. Terminology Genetic abnormalities can be detected at various stages of pregnancy. Preimplantation refers to the state of existing or occurring between the fertilization of an ovum and its implementation in the wall of the uterus. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis is when one or both parents have a known genetic abnormality and testing is done on an embryo to determine if it also carries the genetic abnormality. Preimplantation is an IVF-specific practice. IVF, or in vitro fertilization, is when mature eggs are collected from ovaries and fertilized by sperm in a lab and then transferred to a uterus. Preimplantation genetic testing tests IVF embryos before pregnancy and Preimplantation genetic screening screens non-IVF embryos for aneuploidy. Aneuploidy is a chromosome mutation in which the number of chromosomes is abnormal and differs from the usual 46 chromosomes. Embryo selection is very similar to preimplantation in which embryos are tested or diagnosed, but embryo selection involves the act of selecting an embryo which does not have any abnormalities to be later implanted into the wall of the uterus to initiate pregnancy. Embryo screening prevents the implantation of embryos that would be carrying chromosomal abnormalities that are likely to cause a pregnancy to abort. Preimplantation and embryo selection require medical professionals to test chromosomal and genetic defects in the embryo to see if the embryo will be viable when implanted in the uterus. There are also methods of prenatal genetic screening that can be employed after conception, regardless of whether IVF was used. These types of screenings are classified into two groups: invasive prenatal screening and non-invasive prenatal screening. Invasive techniques involve the insertion of a needle or probe into the uterus for sample collection. Common invasive tests are amniocentesis, the screening of amniotic fluid from the uterus, and chorionic villus sampling, which involves testing fluid from the chorionic villi lining the uterine wall. These procedures pose a higher risk for the mother and child, but are sometimes necessary. Non-invasive techniques do not involve puncturing of the uterus, and are much safer for the mother and child. Common examples of non-invasive testing are ultrasound and cell-free placental DNA tests, which was developed and implemented in the United States and Western Europe in late 2011. For genetic screening, the latter is most commonly used. Cell-free placental DNA testing is also known as NIPS or NIPT (non-invasive prenatal", "title": "Genetics and abortion" }, { "docid": "598423", "text": "The female reproductive system is made up of the internal and external sex organs that function in the reproduction of new offspring. The human female reproductive system is immature at birth and develops to maturity at puberty to be able to produce gametes, and to carry a fetus to full term. The internal sex organs are the vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. The female reproductive tract includes the vagina, uterus, and fallopian tubes and is prone to infections. The vagina allows for sexual intercourse and childbirth, and is connected to the uterus at the cervix. The uterus or womb accommodates the embryo, which develops into the fetus. The uterus also produces secretions, which help the transit of sperm to the fallopian tubes, where sperm fertilize ova (egg cells) produced by the ovaries. The external sex organs are also known as the genitals and these are the organs of the vulva including the labia, clitoris, and vaginal opening. During the menstrual cycle, the ovaries release an ovum, which transits through the fallopian tube into the uterus. If an egg cell meets with sperm on its way to the uterus, a single sperm cell can enter and merge with it, fertilizing it into a zygote. Fertilization usually occurs in the fallopian tubes and marks the beginning of embryogenesis. The zygote will then divide over enough generations of cells to form a blastocyst, which implants itself in the wall of the uterus. This begins the period of gestation and the embryo will continue to develop until full-term. When the fetus has developed enough to survive outside the uterus, the cervix dilates and contractions of the uterus propel the newborn through the birth canal (the vagina). The corresponding equivalent among males is the male reproductive system. External genitalia Vulva The vulva is of all of the external parts and tissues and includes the following: Clitoris: an organ located at the top of the vulva. It consists of the body and its pea-shaped glans that is protected by the clitoral hood. The corpora cavernosa are tissues of the clitoris that aid in erection by filling with blood during sexual arousal. Labia: two types of vertical folds of skin called the labia majora (thick and large outer folds that protect other parts of the vulva) and the labia minora (thin and small inner folds that protect the vestibule from dryness, infections and irritation). Mons pubis: a mass of fatty tissue where the pubic hair grows. Vulval vestibule: an almond-shaped area between the labia minora that contains the openings. Urinary meatus: the opening of the urethra for urine to pass through. Vaginal opening: entrance to the vagina. Hymen: connective tissue that covers the vaginal opening. Vestibular glands/female accessory glands: two pairs of glands in the vulval vestibule known as the Bartholin's glands, which produce a mucous fluid for vaginal lubrication, and the Skene's glands for the ejaculation of fluid as well as for lubricating the meatus. Internal genitalia Vagina The vagina is a fibromuscular (made up", "title": "Female reproductive system" }, { "docid": "8648492", "text": "Implantation may refer to: Implantation (embryology), in which an embryo adheres to the wall of the uterus Implant (medicine), insertion of implants Endometrial transplantation, as part of the theory of retrograde menstruation in endometriosis Ion implantation, insertion of ions, in semiconductor device fabrication Implantation bleeding Implantation of tooth Implantation rate Implantation spotting See also Implant (disambiguation)", "title": "Implantation" } ]	[ { "docid": "8784037", "text": "A uterine transplant is a surgical procedure whereby a healthy uterus is transplanted into an organism of which the uterus is absent or diseased. As part of normal mammalian sexual reproduction, a diseased or absent uterus does not allow normal embryonic implantation, effectively rendering the female infertile. This phenomenon is known as absolute uterine factor infertility (AUFI). Uterine transplant is a potential treatment for this form of infertility. History Studies In 1896, Emil Knauer, a 29-year-old Austrian working in one of Vienna's gynecological clinics, published the first study of ovarian autotransplantation documenting normal function in a rabbit. This led to the investigation of uterine transplantation in 1918. In 1964 and 1966, Eraslan, Hamernik and Hardy, at the University of Mississippi Medical Center in Jackson, Mississippi, were the first to perform an animal (dog) autotransplantation of the uterus and subsequently deliver a pregnancy from that uterus. In 2010 Diaz-Garcia and co-workers, at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Gothenburg in Sweden, demonstrated the world's first successful allogenic uterus transplantation, in a rat, with healthy offspring. As of 2023, more than 100 womb transplants have taken place, with around 50 babies having been born worldwide. Notable cases Germany Except perhaps in rare cases of intersex individuals, transgender women are born with a male reproductive system. While sex reassignment surgery can create a vagina for these women, the option of a uterus is unavailable to them, meaning they cannot carry a pregnancy and would need to take other routes to parenthood, whether it be a more traditional approach involving coitus or an alternative one such as adoption, egg donation, or a gestational carrier. Nonetheless, at least one uterine transplant for a trans woman occurred, for the Danish artist Lili Elbe (1882–1931). Hoping to have children with her fiancée, she underwent a uterine transplant in 1931, in conjunction with vaginoplasty, in Germany at the age of 48. However, she developed a postsurgical infection and died from cardiac arrest just three months later. Saudi Arabia The first modern day attempt at a uterine transplant occurred in 2000, in Saudi Arabia. Wafa Fageeh transplanted a uterus, taken from a 46-year-old patient, into a 26-year-old patient whose uterus had been damaged by hemorrhaging following childbirth. Because the patient ultimately needed for the uterus to be removed after just 99 days, due to necrosis, whether or not the case is considered successful is disputed, but the uterus did function for a time, with the patient experiencing two menstrual cycles. Members of the medical community have expressed concerns over the ethics of the procedure. Turkey The first incidence of a uterine transplant involving a deceased donor occurred in Turkey on 9 August 2011; the surgery, performed by Ömer Özkan and Munire Erman Akar, at the Akdeniz University Hospital in Antalya, on Derya Sert, a 21-year-old patient who'd been born without a uterus. In this case, the patient enjoyed long-term success with the transplanted uterus, experiencing periods and, two years post-surgery, pregnancy. During that pregnancy, Sert underwent an abortion", "title": "Uterus transplantation" }, { "docid": "3308154", "text": "In biology, reprogramming refers to erasure and remodeling of epigenetic marks, such as DNA methylation, during mammalian development or in cell culture. Such control is also often associated with alternative covalent modifications of histones. Reprogrammings that are both large scale (10% to 100% of epigenetic marks) and rapid (hours to a few days) occur at three life stages of mammals. Almost 100% of epigenetic marks are reprogrammed in two short periods early in development after fertilization of an ovum by a sperm. In addition, almost 10% of DNA methylations in neurons of the hippocampus can be rapidly altered during formation of a strong fear memory. After fertilization in mammals, DNA methylation patterns are largely erased and then re-established during early embryonic development. Almost all of the methylations from the parents are erased, first during early embryogenesis, and again in gametogenesis, with demethylation and remethylation occurring each time. Demethylation during early embryogenesis occurs in the preimplantation period. After a sperm fertilizes an ovum to form a zygote, rapid DNA demethylation of the paternal DNA and slower demethylation of the maternal DNA occurs until formation of a morula, which has almost no methylation. After the blastocyst is formed, methylation can begin, and with formation of the epiblast a wave of methylation then takes place until the implantation stage of the embryo. Another period of rapid and almost complete demethylation occurs during gametogenesis within the primordial germ cells (PGCs). Other than the PGCs, in the post-implantation stage, methylation patterns in somatic cells are stage- and tissue-specific with changes that presumably define each individual cell type and last stably over a long time. Embryonic development The mouse sperm genome is 80–90% methylated at its CpG sites in DNA, amounting to about 20 million methylated sites. After fertilization, the paternal chromosome is almost completely demethylated in six hours by an active process, before DNA replication (blue line in Figure). In the mature oocyte, about 40% of its CpG sites are methylated. Demethylation of the maternal chromosome largely takes place by blockage of the methylating enzymes from acting on maternal-origin DNA and by dilution of the methylated maternal DNA during replication (red line in Figure). The morula (at the 16 cell stage), has only a small amount of DNA methylation (black line in Figure). Methylation begins to increase at 3.5 days after fertilization in the blastocyst, and a large wave of methylation then occurs on days 4.5 to 5.5 in the epiblast, going from 12% to 62% methylation, and reaching maximum level after implantation in the uterus. By day seven after fertilization, the newly formed primordial germ cells (PGC) in the implanted embryo segregate from the remaining somatic cells. At this point the PGCs have about the same level of methylation as the somatic cells. The newly formed primordial germ cells (PGC) in the implanted embryo devolve from the somatic cells. At this point the PGCs have high levels of methylation. These cells migrate from the epiblast toward the gonadal ridge. Now the cells are rapidly", "title": "Reprogramming" }, { "docid": "18932097", "text": "A heterotopic pregnancy is a complication of pregnancy in which both extrauterine (ectopic) pregnancy and intrauterine pregnancy occur simultaneously. It may also be referred to as a combined ectopic pregnancy, multiple‑sited pregnancy, or coincident pregnancy. The most common site of the extrauterine pregnancy is the fallopian tube. However, other sites of implantation include the cervix, ovary, and abdomen. Although heterotopic pregnancies were once thought to be a rare phenomenon, the incidence has increased due to the increasing use of assisted reproductive technologies. Cause In a heterotopic pregnancy there is one fertilized ovum which implants normally in the uterus, and one fertilized ovum which implants abnormally, outside of the uterus. Pathogenesis In the general population, the major risk factors for heterotopic pregnancy are the same as those for ectopic pregnancy: Previous history of ectopic pregnancy Tubal surgery Pelvic inflammatory disease Use of an intrauterine device In utero diethylstilbestrol exposure Smoking Women participating in an assisted reproductive program have an increased risk of heterotopic pregnancy for several reasons including: Higher incidence of ovulation due to treatment Multiple embryo transfers Technical factors in embryo transfer which may increase the risk for ectopic and heterotopic pregnancy Higher incidence of tubal malformation and/or tubal damage in this group Higher levels of estradiol and progesterone due to hormonal treatment Diagnosis Signs and symptoms Heterotopic pregnancies present with unspecific clinical symptoms. This means the symptoms of a heterotopic pregnancy can be the same symptoms found in several other medical conditions. The most common clinical symptoms are abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, enlarged uterus, and/or an adnexal mass. The vague symptoms found in heterotopic pregnancies can contribute to the delayed diagnosis of this condition, which can lead to devastating consequences, including a ruptured ectopic pregnancy. Differential diagnosis The signs and symptoms of a heterotopic pregnancy can be found in many other gynecological and non-gynecological conditions, including: Ovarian torsion Ovarian cyst Threatened abortion Urinary tract infection Kidney stones Constipation Diverticulitis Pelvic inflammatory disease Bowel obstruction Inflammatory bowel disease Ultrasound The gold standard for diagnosing a heterotopic pregnancy is the transvaginal ultrasound. However, the sensitivity of the transvaginal ultrasound for diagnosing a heterotopic pregnancy has been found to range from 26.3% to 92.4%. Therefore, both clinical symptoms and ultrasound imaging are used to make the diagnosis. Management The goal of treatment is to preserve the viable intrauterine pregnancy and to remove the nonviable ectopic pregnancy. The standard surgical approach for removal of the nonviable ectopic pregnancy is by salpingectomy or salpingostomy. In the case of an unruptured ectopic pregnancy, local feticidal injection can be used to remove the ectopic pregnancy. For this method, ultrasound is used to guide a needle to the ectopic pregnancy and substances such as potassium chloride and hyperosmolar glucose are injected directly into the gestational sac. The use of this method can be limited due the location of the ectopic pregnancy and the experience of the physician with this technique. Treatment of heterotopic pregnancy will depend on the specific location of the ectopic pregnancy, as well as", "title": "Heterotopic pregnancy" }, { "docid": "222154", "text": "Blastulation is the stage in early animal embryonic development that produces the blastula. In mammalian development the blastula develops into the blastocyst with a differentiated inner cell mass and an outer trophectoderm. The blastula (from Greek βλαστός ( meaning sprout)) is a hollow sphere of cells known as blastomeres surrounding an inner fluid-filled cavity called the blastocoel. Embryonic development begins with a sperm fertilizing an egg cell to become a zygote, which undergoes many cleavages to develop into a ball of cells called a morula. Only when the blastocoel is formed does the early embryo become a blastula. The blastula precedes the formation of the gastrula in which the germ layers of the embryo form. A common feature of a vertebrate blastula is that it consists of a layer of blastomeres, known as the blastoderm, which surrounds the blastocoel. In mammals, the blastocyst contains an embryoblast (or inner cell mass) that will eventually give rise to the definitive structures of the fetus, and a trophoblast which goes on to form the extra-embryonic tissues. During blastulation, a significant amount of activity occurs within the early embryo to establish cell polarity, cell specification, axis formation, and to regulate gene expression. In many animals, such as Drosophila and Xenopus, the mid blastula transition (MBT) is a crucial step in development during which the maternal mRNA is degraded and control over development is passed to the embryo. Many of the interactions between blastomeres are dependent on cadherin expression, particularly E-cadherin in mammals and EP-cadherin in amphibians. The study of the blastula, and of cell specification has many implications in stem cell research, and assisted reproductive technology. In Xenopus, blastomeres behave as pluripotent stem cells which can migrate down several pathways, depending on cell signaling. By manipulating the cell signals during the blastula stage of development, various tissues can be formed. This potential can be instrumental in regenerative medicine for disease and injury cases. In vitro fertilisation involves the transfer of an embryo into a uterus for implantation. Development The blastula stage of early embryo development begins with the appearance of the blastocoel. The origin of the blastocoel in Xenopus has been shown to be from the first cleavage furrow, which is widened and sealed with tight junctions to create a cavity. In many organisms the development of the embryo up to this point and for the early part of the blastula stage is controlled by maternal mRNA, so called because it was produced in the egg prior to fertilization and is therefore exclusively from the mother. Midblastula transition In many organisms including Xenopus and Drosophila, the midblastula transition usually occurs after a particular number of cell divisions for a given species, and is defined by the ending of the synchronous cell division cycles of the early blastula development, and the lengthening of the cell cycles by the addition of the G1 and G2 phases. Prior to this transition, cleavage occurs with only the synthesis and mitosis phases of the cell cycle. The addition of", "title": "Blastulation" }, { "docid": "9509", "text": "The endometrium is the inner epithelial layer, along with its mucous membrane, of the mammalian uterus. It has a basal layer and a functional layer: the basal layer contains stem cells which regenerate the functional layer. The functional layer thickens and then is shed during menstruation in humans and some other mammals, including other apes, Old World monkeys, some species of bat, the elephant shrew and the Cairo spiny mouse. In most other mammals, the endometrium is reabsorbed in the estrous cycle. During pregnancy, the glands and blood vessels in the endometrium further increase in size and number. Vascular spaces fuse and become interconnected, forming the placenta, which supplies oxygen and nutrition to the embryo and fetus. The speculated presence of an endometrial microbiota has been argued against. Structure The endometrium consists of a single layer of columnar epithelium plus the stroma on which it rests. The stroma is a layer of connective tissue that varies in thickness according to hormonal influences. In the uterus, simple tubular glands reach from the endometrial surface through to the base of the stroma, which also carries a rich blood supply provided by the spiral arteries. In women of reproductive age, two layers of endometrium can be distinguished. These two layers occur only in the endometrium lining the cavity of the uterus, and not in the lining of the fallopian tubes where a potentially life-threatening ectopic pregnancy may occur nearby. The functional layer is adjacent to the uterine cavity. This layer is built up after the end of menstruation during the first part of the previous menstrual cycle. Proliferation is induced by estrogen (follicular phase of menstrual cycle), and later changes in this layer are engendered by progesterone from the corpus luteum (luteal phase). It is adapted to provide an optimum environment for the implantation and growth of the embryo. This layer is completely shed during menstruation. The basal layer, adjacent to the myometrium and below the functional layer, is not shed at any time during the menstrual cycle. It contains stem cells that regenerate the functional layer, which develops on top of it. In the absence of progesterone, the arteries supplying blood to the functional layer constrict, so that cells in that layer become ischaemic and die, leading to menstruation. It is possible to identify the phase of the menstrual cycle by reference to either the ovarian cycle or the uterine cycle by observing microscopic differences at each phase—for example in the ovarian cycle: Gene and protein expression About 20,000 protein coding genes are expressed in human cells and some 70% of these genes are expressed in the normal endometrium. Just over 100 of these genes are more specifically expressed in the endometrium with only a handful genes being highly endometrium specific. The corresponding specific proteins are expressed in the glandular and stromal cells of the endometrial mucosa. The expression of many of these proteins vary depending on the menstrual cycle, for example the progesterone receptor and thyrotropin-releasing hormone both expressed in the", "title": "Endometrium" }, { "docid": "13585842", "text": "Arcuate arteries located in the uterus branch out and supply blood to different layers of the uterus. These arteries meet the myometrial-endometrial junction and lead to straight and endometrial arteries. The endometrium receives blood from endometrial arteries which are also called spiral arteries. Endometrial arteries proliferate rapidly and react to different hormones released. These hormones are progesterone and estrogen released by the ovaries and produced by the endocrine system. The endometrial arteries not only supply blood to the endometrium but are also important during pregnancy. They are the initial site of transportation of blood from the mother to the baby. Location of endometrial arteries The uterus, part of the female reproductive system, is composed of the myometrium and the endometrium. The myometrium is made of smooth tissue and the endometrium lines the uterus. The endometrium is important in pregnancy because it is involved in the development of the placenta and it is where the fertilized egg implants itself during pregnancy. In the endometrium there are endometrial arteries which are also known as spiral arteries. The arcuate arteries located in the myometrium, branch out into the myometrium and then spread throughout endometrium forming endometrial arteries which is how the endometrium obtains blood. Endometrial arteries are coiled and is why they are also called spiral arteries. The spiral arteries are coiled towards the upper part of the endometrium and straight towards the base of the endometrium. Function of endometrial arteries during pregnancy In the endometrium there are straight and spiral arteries. Straight arteries specifically branch to the base of the endometrium therefore supplying blood to the base of the endometrium. Spiral arteries supply blood to the rest of the endometrium. They grow rapidly, covering much of the space of the endometrium and end up coiled. When hormones levels are low, the endometrial arteries react by becoming narrow. Endometrial arteries supply blood to the endometrium but are also beneficial during pregnancy. When a female is pregnant a placenta develops. The baby receives blood, nutrients and oxygen via the umbilical cord which is attached to the placenta. Between the placenta and the myometrium are intervillous spaces where the endometrial arteries supply blood to. The placenta has villous trees which allow for blood to circulate and then be transported to the baby via the placenta. Other functions of endometrial arteries Endometrial arteries are divided into the common ones and the arteriovenous anastomosis. The common ones are arteries that are homologous to the arteries of the rest of the body and they enrich the endometrium of the uterus. The joining of endometrial arteries and veins of the endometrium is known as arteriovenous. Endometrial arteries are also involved in the menstrual cycle. When the egg implants onto the endometrium and is not fertilized the endometrial arteries become narrow and the endometrium begins to disintegrate. This is when the endometrium sheds and results in menstruation. References Arteries Mammal female reproductive system", "title": "Endometrial arteries" }, { "docid": "23611672", "text": "Bovine uterine prolapse occurs when the bovine uterus protrudes after calving. It is most common in dairy cattle and can occur in beef cows occasionally with hypocalcaemia. It is not as commonly seen in heifers, but occasionally can be seen in dairy heifers and most commonly Herefords. Uterine prolapse is considered a medical emergency that puts the cow at risk of shock or death by blood loss. Factors during calving that increase the risk of uterine prolapse include: calving complications that cause injury or irritation of the external birth canal, severe straining during labor, and excessive pressure when a calf is manually extracted. Non-calving factors include nutrition problems such as low blood calcium, magnesium, protein, or generally poor body conditions. In a complete uterine prolapse, the uterine horns also come out. When this happens, the uterus will hang below the hocks of the animal. When the uterus hangs below the hocks, the cow may lie on, step on or kick the exposed tissue, which increases the risk of rupturing a major artery. The uterus can become easily infected as it bruises easily and can become covered with manure. Causes Uterine prolapse occurs after calving when the cervix is open and the uterus lacks tone. It occurs most commonly in the hours after calving, but may also occur up to a week later. When the uterine prolapse does not occur directly after calving, it can be more dangerous for the cow. It is most likely that during parturition, the uterus was slightly everted, which suggests that the prolapse did not take place until after the calf was born. In these cases, the uterus is more likely to be infected. This increases the possibility that the uterus cannot be replaced in the animal, and must instead be removed. Treatment When a cow suffers a uterine prolapse, there are two options for treating it: reduction or amputation. If the treatment is reduction, then the placenta will be removed, the endometrium thoroughly cleaned, any lacerations fixed, and the uterus replaced in the right position. If amputation is the course of action, the uterus is removed. In extreme cases, the cow may have hemorrhaged and suffered intense shock and therefore will be euthanized. When choosing a treatment, considerations include: Placenta. It is possible that the placenta has already separated from the uterus, but in other cases it has to be manually removed. It is extremely rare to not be able to separate the placenta from the uterus after a prolapse, but if it cannot be removed, it causes problems as it is impossible to adequately clean it if it has been on the ground and this dirt will interfere with the reduction. It would be possible to cut around each cotyledon and clean the rest as thoroughly as possible and replace. Trauma. If the trauma is too severe, reduction is not recommended. The trauma or exposure to the environment could cause devitalization of the uterus and if it is too severe, it could cause further", "title": "Bovine uterine prolapse" }, { "docid": "22231669", "text": "Endometrioma (also called chocolate cyst) is the presence of tissue similar to, but distinct from, the endometrium in and sometimes on the ovary. It is the most common form of endometriosis. Endometrioma is found in 17–44% patients with endometriosis. More broadly, endometriosis is the presence of tissue similar to, but distinct from, endometrial tissue located outside the uterus. The presence of endometriosis can result in the formation of scar tissue, adhesions and an inflammatory reaction. Endometriomas are usually benign growths, most often found in the ovary. They forms dark, fluid-filled cysts, which can vary greatly in size. The fluid inside the cysts is thick, dark, old blood, giving it a chocolate-like appearance, giving it the name chocolate cyst. It can also develop in the cul-de-sac (the space behind the uterus), the surface of the uterus, and between the vagina and rectum. Pathophysiology Endometrial tissue is the mucous membrane that normally lines the uterus. The endometrium is richly supplied with blood and its growth is regulated by estrogen and progesterone. It consists of glandular and stroma tissue from the lining of the uterus. When the endometrial mucous membrane is found outside of the uterus in places such as the ovaries, it causes chronic pelvic pain with intercourse and menstrual cycles. Endometriomas can produce a toxic environment by producing estrogen, cytokines, interleukins, and other inflammatory substances, that could damage healthy endometriomal tissue. This toxic fluid content can cause dire alterations to the normal surrounding endometriotic cells, potentially impacting the embryo, the ability of an embryo to implant successfully, and the responsiveness of the endometrium. Endometrioma can potentially lead to premature ovarian failure, decreased ovarian function, or problems with ovulation. Studies have also found that endometriomas occur two times more frequently in the left ovary (67%) than in the right one (33%), possibly due to the presence of the sigmoid colon on the left side. Risks Endometriomas can increase the risk of ovarian cancer in reproductive women, decrease normal ovarian function, and cause pain in the pelvis during or after periods or during sexual intercourse. Although most endometriomas are found to be benign, the possibility of malignant tumors still exists, and surgery is needed to confirm malignancy and determine what future treatment must be administered. Another factor that endometrioma can impact is the ovarian reserve, or the number of quality follicles left in the ovary to produce viable eggs. Ovaries with endometriomas showed significantly less follicular density as compared to healthy ovaries, leading to a decrease in fertility. Treatment Medication Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently used first in patients with pelvic pain, particularly if the diagnosis of endometriosis has not been definitively (excision and biopsy) established. The goal of directed medical treatment is to achieve an anovulatory state. Typically, this is achieved initially using hormonal contraception. This can also be accomplished with progestational agents (i.e., medroxyprogesterone acetate), danazol, gestrinone, or gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRH), as well as other less well-known agents. These agents are generally used if oral contraceptives and NSAIDs are", "title": "Endometrioma" }, { "docid": "34441", "text": "A zygote (; , ) is a eukaryotic cell formed by a fertilization event between two gametes. The zygote's genome is a combination of the DNA in each gamete, and contains all of the genetic information of a new individual organism. The sexual fusion of haploid cells is called karyogamy, the result of which is the formation of a diploid cell called the zygote or zygospore. History German zoologists Oscar and Richard Hertwig made some of the first discoveries on animal zygote formation in the late 19th century. In multicellular organisms The zygote is the earliest developmental stage. In humans and most other anisogamous organisms, a zygote is formed when an egg cell and sperm cell come together to create a new unique organism. The formation of a totipotent zygote with the potential to produce a whole organism depends on epigenetic reprogramming. DNA demethylation of the paternal genome in the zygote appears to be an important part of epigenetic reprogramming. In the paternal genome of the mouse, demethylation of DNA, particularly at sites of methylated cytosines, is likely a key process in establishing totipotency. Demethylation involves the processes of base excision repair and possibly other DNA-repair–based mechanisms. Humans In human fertilization, a released ovum (a haploid secondary oocyte with replicate chromosome copies) and a haploid sperm cell (male gamete) combine to form a single diploid cell called the zygote. Once the single sperm fuses with the oocyte, the latter completes the division of the second meiosis forming a haploid daughter with only 23 chromosomes, almost all of the cytoplasm, and the male pronucleus. The other product of meiosis is the second polar body with only chromosomes but no ability to replicate or survive. In the fertilized daughter, DNA is then replicated in the two separate pronuclei derived from the sperm and ovum, making the zygote's chromosome number temporarily 4n diploid. After approximately 30 hours from the time of fertilization, a fusion of the pronuclei and immediate mitotic division produce two 2n diploid daughter cells called blastomeres. Between the stages of fertilization and implantation, the developing embryo is sometimes termed as a preimplantation-conceptus. This stage has also been referred to as the pre-embryo in legal discourses including relevance to the use of embryonic stem cells. In the US the National Institutes of Health has determined that the traditional classification of pre-implantation embryo is still correct. After fertilization, the conceptus travels down the fallopian tube towards the uterus while continuing to divide without actually increasing in size, in a process called cleavage. After four divisions, the conceptus consists of 16 blastomeres, and it is known as the morula. Through the processes of compaction, cell division, and blastulation, the conceptus takes the form of the blastocyst by the fifth day of development, just as it approaches the site of implantation. When the blastocyst hatches from the zona pellucida, it can implant in the endometrial lining of the uterus and begin the gastrulation stage of embryonic development. The human zygote has been genetically edited", "title": "Zygote" }, { "docid": "7690493", "text": "Missouri Constitutional Amendment 2 (The Missouri Stem Cell Research and Cures Initiative) was a state constitutional amendment initiative that concerned stem cell research and human cloning. It allows any stem cell research and therapy in the U.S. state of Missouri that is legal under federal law, including somatic cell nuclear transfer to produce human embryos for stem cell production. It prohibits cloning or attempting to clone a human being, which is defined to mean \"to implant in a uterus or attempt to implant in a uterus anything other than the product of fertilization of an egg of a human female by a sperm of a human male for the purpose of initiating a pregnancy that could result in the creation of a human fetus, or the birth of a human being\". Commercials supporting and opposing the amendment aired during the 2006 World Series, in which the St. Louis Cardinals participated. The issue became especially intertwined with the 2006 U.S. Senate election in Missouri, with the Republican and Democratic candidates on opposite sides of the issue. Missouri Constitutional Amendment 2 appeared on the ballot for the November 2006 general election and passed with 51% of the vote. Support The organization that led the movement to get the initiative on the ballot and later supported its adoption was called the Missouri Coalition for Lifesaving Cures. The measure was proposed to stop repeated attempts by the Missouri Legislature to ban certain types of stem cell research, namely SCNT. Claire McCaskill, the Democratic nominee for U.S. Senate, supported the measure. During the 2006 World Series, which was partially held in St. Louis, a television ad featuring actor Michael J. Fox aired. The ad was paid for by McCaskill's campaign, and the primary reason Fox gave for his support for McCaskill was her stance in favor of stem cell research. The advertisement was controversial because Fox was visibly suffering tremors, which were side effects of the medications used to treat Parkinson's Syndrome. Rush Limbaugh, a conservative radio host, criticized Fox for allowing himself to have been used by special interests supporting the measure. Limbaugh criticized the uncontrollable movements that Fox made in the commercial, and claimed that it was Fox had either deliberately stopped taking his medication or was feigning his tremors. Opposition The coalition that initially led the opposition to the amendment was called Missourians Against Human Cloning. Later in the effort, when the coalition was unable to raise the money for the \"Vote No\" ads, Life Communications Fund took the lead in doing so. They created a series of \"Vote No\" ads for television, radio and print. Earlier in the campaign, the Vitae Foundation ran a series of educational ads, a \"prophetic voice campaign,\" on the differences between adult and embryonic stem cell research, which was a major gain for those opposed to the Amendment, because, according to them, the \"cures\" were only occurring as a result of adult stem cell treatments, not via embryonic stem cells. Drawing awareness to the differences between", "title": "2006 Missouri Amendment 2" }, { "docid": "42471409", "text": "Vaginal transplantation is procedure whereby donated or laboratory-grown vagina tissue is used to create a 'neovagina'. It is most often used in women who have vaginal aplasia (the congenital absence of a vagina). Background Vaginal aplasia is a rare medical condition in which the vagina does not form properly before birth. Those with the condition may have a partially formed vagina, or none at all. The condition is typically treated by reconstructive surgery. First a space is surgically created where the vagina would typically exist. Then tissue from another part of the body is harvested, molded into the shape of a vagina, and grafted into the vagina cavity. This technique has significant drawbacks. Typically, the implanted tissue does not function normally as a muscle, which can lead to low enjoyment of sexual intercourse. Additionally, stenosis (narrowing of the cavity) can occur over time. Most women require multiple surgeries before a satisfactory result is achieved. An alternative to traditional reconstructive surgery is transplantation. Donor technique In a handful of cases, a woman with vaginal aplasia has received a successful vagina transplant donated by her mother. The first such case is believed to have occurred in 1970, with no signs of rejection taking place after three years. In at least one case, a woman who received such a transplant was able to conceive and give birth. In 1981, a 12-year-old girl with vaginal aplasia received a vaginal wall implant from her mother. She became sexually active seven years later, without incident. At age 24, she conceived and carried a child to term. The child was born via cesarean section. Laboratory-grown technique In April 2014, a team of scientists led by Anthony Atala reported that they had successfully transplanted laboratory-grown vaginas into four female teenaged girls with a rare medical condition called Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome that causes the vagina to develop improperly, or sometimes not at all. Between 1 of 1,500 to 4,000 females are born with this condition. The four patients began treatment between May 2005 and August 2008. In each case, the medical research team began by taking a small sample of genital tissue from the teenager's vulva. The sample was used as a seed to grow additional tissue in the lab which was then placed in a vaginal shaped, biodegradable mold. Vaginal-lining cells were placed on the inside of the tube, while muscle cells were attached to the outside. Five to six weeks later, the structure was implanted into the patients, where the tissue continued to grow and connected with the girls' circulatory and other bodily systems. After about eight years, all four patients reported normal function and pleasure levels during sexual intercourse according to the Female Sexual Function Index questionnaire, a validated self-report tool. No adverse results or complications were reported. In two of the four women, the vagina was attached to the uterus, making pregnancy possible. No pregnancies were reported, however, during the study period. Martin Birchall, who works on tissue engineering, but was not involved in the study,", "title": "Vaginal transplantation" }, { "docid": "7357937", "text": "Implantation, also known as nidation, is the stage in the mammalian embryonic development in which the blastocyst hatches, attaches, adheres, and invades into the endometrium of the female's uterus. Implantation is the first stage of gestation, and, when successful, the female is considered to be pregnant. An implanted embryo is detected by the presence of increased levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in a pregnancy test. The implanted embryo will receive oxygen and nutrients in order to grow. For implantation to take place the uterus must become receptive. Uterine receptivity involves much cross-talk between the embryo and the uterus, initiating changes to the endometrium. This stage gives a synchrony that opens a window of implantation that enables successful implantation of a viable embryo. The endocannabinoid system plays a vital role in this synchrony in the uterus, influencing uterine receptivity, and embryo implantation. The embryo expresses cannabinoid receptors early in its development that are responsive to anandamide (AEA) secreted in the uterus. AEA is produced at higher levels before implantation and is then down-regulated at the time of implantation. This signaling is of importance in the embryo-uterus crosstalk in regulating the timing of embryonic implantation and uterine receptivity. Adequate concentrations of AEA that are neither too high or too low, are needed for successful implantation. There is an extensive variation in the type of trophoblast cells, and structures of the placenta across the different species of mammals. Of the five recognised stages of implantation including two pre-implantation stages that precede placentation, the first four are similar across the species. The five stages are migration and hatching, pre-contact, attachment, adhesion, and invasion. The two pre-implantation stages are associated with the pre-implantation embryo. In humans, following the stage of hatching that takes place around four to five days after fertilization, the process of implantation begins. By the end of the first week, the blastocyst is superficially attached to the uterine endometrium. By the end of the second week, implantation has completed. Implantation stages There are five recognized stages of implantation in mammals, including two pre-implantation stages that precede the formation of the placenta. They are: migration and hatching, pre-contact, attachment, adhesion, and invasion. The first four stages are similar across the species with the process of invasion being variable. These three stages of apposition, attachment, and invasion are also alternatively termed contact (apposition), adhesion (attachment), and penetration (invasion), and can only take place during a limited timeframe known as the window of implantation when the uterus is at its most receptive. Migration and hatching There are two stages of migration involved in implantation, the first is the migration of the zygote, and the second is the migration of the trophoblast. Fertilization of the oocyte, takes place in the ampulla of the fallopian tube. Cilia on the lining of the tube move the zygote in its migration towards the uterus. During this migration the zygote undergoes a number of cell divisions that creates a ball of 16 compacted blastomeres called a morula. The morula", "title": "Implantation (embryology)" }, { "docid": "1096340", "text": "A hysterotomy is an incision made in the uterus. This surgical incision is used in several medical procedures, including during termination of pregnancy in the second trimester (or abortion) and delivering the fetus during caesarean section. It is also used to gain access and perform surgery on a fetus during pregnancy to correct birth defects, and it is an option to achieve resuscitation if cardiac arrest occurs during pregnancy and it is necessary to remove the fetus from the uterus. There are several types of incisions that can be made, including a midline vertical incision and a low transverse incision. The incision is made using a scalpel and is about 1-2 cm long, but it can be longer depending on the procedure that is performed. Other types of incisions are low transverse incision with T-extension in the midline, low transverse incision with J-extension, and low transverse incision with U-extension. These are used when low transverse incisions do not provide enough space in order to remove the contents in the uterus. This incision also comes with possible risks and complications when the incision is made and during repair, including blood loss (possibly leading to anemia), wound infection, fertility problems, premature labor, postoperative pain, and many others. In addition, a rare form of ectopic pregnancy known as scar ectopic pregnancy can occur. This is when there is abnormal implantation of an embryo onto the scar of the uterus. There is an increased risk of this complication occurring due to trauma from previous procedures utilizing hysterotomies, such as caesarean section and dilation, though the mechanism is unknown. Closure of the hysterotomy incision made can be done with either a staple or a suture. Sutures are most commonly used, specifically double layer sutures. Medical uses Hysterotomy abortion A hysterotomy is used to remove a fetus from the uterus, similar to a procedure known as caesarean section, in order to terminate a pregnancy in the second trimester of later. It is typically used as last resort if dilation and curettage, dilation and electric vacuum aspiration, or manual vacuum aspiration fails to work. Dilation and curettage refers to the opening or widening of the cervix and scooping and scraping the tissues that are inside of the uterus. Electric vacuum aspiration utilizes a vacuum to remove the embryo that is in the uterus, but this method is more expensive than manual vacuum aspiration. Caesarean section Although fetal delivery through caesarean section is a very common surgery done in the world, it comes with several risks including bleeding, infection, thromboembolism, and soft-tissue injury. During a caesarean section, a hysterotomy is utilized to make an incision in the uterus and remove the fetus. Gestational age, newborn birth weight, and danger presenting risks are all taken into account on whether or not a classic hysterotomy or low transverse incision will be made. Resuscitative hysterotomy A resuscitative hysterotomy is performed during or near the occurrence of a cardiac arrest, in which an incision is made to remove the fetus from the", "title": "Hysterotomy" }, { "docid": "26521347", "text": "An intrauterine device (IUD), also known as intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD or ICD) or coil, is a small, often T-shaped birth control device that is inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy. IUDs are one form of long-acting reversible birth control (LARC). One study found that female family planning providers choose LARC methods more often (41.7%) than the general public (12.1%). Among birth control methods, IUDs, along with other contraceptive implants, result in the greatest satisfaction among users. IUDs are safe and effective in adolescents as well as those who have not previously had children. Once an IUD is removed, even after long-term use, fertility returns to normal rapidly. Copper devices have a failure rate of about 0.8% while hormonal (levonorgestrel) devices fail about 0.2% of the time within the first year of use. In comparison, male sterilization and male condoms have a failure rate of about 0.15% and 15%, respectively. Copper IUDs can also be used as emergency contraception within five days of unprotected sex. Although copper IUDs may increase menstrual bleeding and result in painful cramps, hormonal IUDs may reduce menstrual bleeding or stop menstruation altogether. However, women can have daily spotting for several months and it can take up to three months for there to be a 90% decrease in bleeding with hormonal IUDs. Cramping can be treated with NSAIDs. More serious potential complications include expulsion (2–5%) and rarely perforation of the uterus (less than 0.7%). IUDs do not affect breastfeeding and can be inserted immediately after delivery. They may also be used immediately after an abortion. The use of IUDs increased within the United States from 0.8% in 1995 to 7.2% from the period of 2006 to 2014. The use of IUDs as a form of birth control dates from the 1800s. A previous model known as the Dalkon shield was associated with an increased risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). However, current models do not affect PID risk in women without sexually transmitted infections during the time of insertion. Mechanism IUDs primarily work by preventing fertilization. The progestogen released from hormonal IUDs mainly works by thickening the cervical mucus, preventing sperm from reaching the fallopian tubes. IUDs may also function by preventing ovulation from occurring but this only occurs partially. Copper IUDs do not contain any hormones, but release copper ions, which are toxic to sperm. They also cause the uterus and fallopian tubes to produce a fluid that contains white blood cells, copper ions, enzymes, and prostaglandins, which is also toxic to sperm. The very high effectiveness of copper-containing IUDs as emergency contraceptives implies they may also act by preventing implantation of the blastocyst. Types The types of intrauterine devices available, and the names they go by, differ by location. In the United States, there are two types available: Nonhormonal: Copper-containing IUD (ParaGard and others) Hormonal: Progestogen-releasing IUD (Mirena and others) The WHO ATC labels both copper and hormonal devices as IUDs. In the United Kingdom, there are more than 10 different types of", "title": "Intrauterine device" }, { "docid": "5946724", "text": "A unicornuate uterus represents a uterine malformation where the uterus is formed from one only of the paired Müllerian ducts while the other Müllerian duct does not develop or only in a rudimentary fashion. The sometimes called hemi-uterus has a single horn linked to the ipsilateral fallopian tube that faces its ovary. Signs and symptoms Women with the condition may be asymptomatic and unaware of having a unicornuate uterus; normal pregnancy may occur. In a review of the literature Reichman et al. analyzed the data on pregnancy outcome of 290 women with a unicornuate uterus. 175 women had conceived for a total of 468 pregnancies. They found that about 50% of patients delivered a live baby. The rates for ectopic pregnancy was 2.7%, for miscarriage 34%, and for preterm delivery 20%, while the intrauterine demise rate was 10%. Thus patients with a unicornuate uterus are at a higher risk for pregnancy loss and obstetrical complications. Cause The uterus is normally formed during embryogenesis by the fusion of the two Müllerian ducts. If one of the ducts does not develop, only one Müllerian duct contributes to the uterine development. This uterus may or may not be connected to Müllerian structure on the opposite site if the Müllerian duct on that site undergoes some development. A unicornuate uterus has a single cervix and vagina. Associated defects may affect the renal system, and less common, the skeleton. The condition is much less common than these other uterine malformations: arcuate uterus, septate uterus, and bicornuate uterus. While the uterus didelphys is estimated to occur in 1/3,000 women, the unicornuate uterus appears to be even more infrequent with an estimated occurrence of about 1/4,000. Diagnosis A pelvic examination will typically reveal a single vagina and a single cervix. Investigations are usually prompted on the basis of reproductive problems. Helpful techniques to investigate the uterine structure are transvaginal ultrasonography and sonohysterography, hysterosalpingography, MRI, and hysteroscopy. More recently 3-D ultrasonography has been advocated as an excellent non-invasive method to evaluate uterine malformations. Rudimentary horn A unicornuate uterus may be associated with a rudimentary horn on the opposite site. This horn may be communicating with the uterus, and linked to the ispilateral tube. Occasionally a pregnancy may implant into such a horn setting up a dangerous situation as such pregnancy can lead to a potentially fatal uterine rupture. The majority of pregnancies in a rudimentary horn result in torsion and rupture, although there are still some cases of full-term pregnancies. Surgical resection of the horn is indicated. Management Patients with a unicornuate uterus may need special attention during pregnancy as miscarriage, fetal demise, premature birth, and malpresentation are more common. It is unproven that cerclage procedures are helpful. Although it is unclear whether interventions before conception or early in pregnancy such as resection of the rudimentary horn and prophylactic cervical cerclage decidedly improve obstetrical outcomes, current practice suggests that such interventions may be helpful. References External links Anatomical pathology Congenital malformations of uterus and cervix", "title": "Unicornuate uterus" }, { "docid": "1166283", "text": "Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) is a term used for a group of pregnancy-related tumours. These tumours are rare, and they appear when cells in the womb start to proliferate uncontrollably. The cells that form gestational trophoblastic tumours are called trophoblasts and come from tissue that grows to form the placenta during pregnancy. There are several different types of GTD. A hydatidiform mole also known as a molar pregnancy, is the most common and is usually benign. Sometimes it may develop into an invasive mole, or, more rarely into a choriocarcinoma. A choriocarcinoma is likely to spread quickly, but is very sensitive to chemotherapy, and has a very good prognosis. Trophoblasts are of particular interest to cell biologists because, like cancer, they can invade tissue (the uterus), but unlike cancer, they usually \"know\" when to stop. GTD can simulate pregnancy, because the uterus may contain fetal tissue, albeit abnormal. This tissue may grow at the same rate as a normal pregnancy, and produces chorionic gonadotropin, a hormone which is measured to monitor fetal well-being. While GTD overwhelmingly affects women of child-bearing age, it may rarely occur in postmenopausal women. Types GTD is the common name for five closely related tumours (one benign tumour, and four malignant tumours): The benign tumour Hydatidiform mole Here, first a fertilised egg implants into the uterus, but some cells around the fetus (the chorionic villi) do not develop properly. The pregnancy is not viable, and the normal pregnancy process turns into a benign tumour. There are two subtypes of hydatidiform mole: complete hydatidiform mole, and partial hydatidiform mole. The four malignant tumours Invasive mole Choriocarcinoma Placental site trophoblastic tumour Epithelioid trophoblastic tumour All five closely related tumours develop in the placenta. All five tumours arise from trophoblast cells that form the outer layer of the blastocyst in the early development of the fetus. In a normal pregnancy, trophoblasts aid the implantation of the fertilised egg into the uterine wall. But in GTD, they develop into tumour cells. Cause Two main risk factors increase the likelihood for the development of GTD: 1) The woman being under 20 years of age, or over 35 years of age, and 2) previous GTD. Although molar pregnancies affect women of all ages, women under 16 and over 45 years of age have an increased risk of developing a molar pregnancy. Hydatidiform moles are abnormal conceptions with excessive placental development. Conception takes place, but placental tissue grows very fast, rather than supporting the growth of a fetus. Complete hydatidiform moles have no fetal tissue and no maternal DNA, as a result of a maternal ovum with no functional DNA. Most commonly, a single spermatozoon duplicates and fertilises an empty ovum. Less commonly, two separate spermatozoa fertilise an empty ovum (dispermic fertilisation). Partial hydatidiform moles have a fetus or fetal cells. They are triploid in origin, containing one set of maternal haploid genes and two sets of paternal haploid genes. They almost always occur following dispermic fertilisation of a normal ovum. Malignant forms", "title": "Gestational trophoblastic disease" }, { "docid": "50925207", "text": "The uterine microbiome is the commensal, nonpathogenic, bacteria, viruses, yeasts/fungi present in a healthy uterus, amniotic fluid and endometrium and the specific environment which they inhabit. It has been only recently confirmed that the uterus and its tissues are not sterile. Due to improved 16S rRNA gene sequencing techniques, detection of bacteria that are present in low numbers is possible. Using this procedure that allows the detection of bacteria that cannot be cultured outside the body, studies of microbiota present in the uterus are expected to increase. Uterine microbiome and fertility In the past, the uterine cavity had been traditionally considered to be sterile, but potentially susceptible to be affected by vaginal bacteria. However, this idea has been disproved. Moreover, it's been shown that endometrial and vaginal microbiota can differ in structure and composition in some women. The microbiome of the innermost layer of the uterus, the endometrium, may influence its capacity to allow an embryo to implant. The existence of more than 10% of non-Lactobacillus bacteria in the endometrium is correlated with negative impacts on reproductive function and should be considered as an emerging cause of implantation failure and pregnancy loss. Characteristics Bacteria, viruses and one genus of yeasts are a normal part of the uterus before and during pregnancy. The uterus has been found to possess its own characteristic microbiome that differs significantly from the vaginal microbiome, consisting primarily of lactobacillus species, and at far fewer numbers. In addition, the immune system is able to differentiate between those bacteria normally found in the uterus and those that are pathogenic. Hormonal changes have an effect on the microbiota of the uterus. Taxa Commensals The organisms listed below have been identified as commensals in the healthy uterus. Some also have the potential for growing to the point of causing disease: {\| class=\"wikitable sortable collapsible\" \|- ! Organism ! Commensal ! Transient ! Potentialpathogen ! class=unsortable\| References \|- \| Escherichia coli \|align=\"center\"\|x \| \|align=\"center\"\|x \| \|- \| Escherichia spp. \| \|align=\"center\"\|x \|align=\"center\"\|x \| \|- \|Ureaplasma parvum \|align=\"center\"\|x \| \|align=\"center\"\|x \| \|- \|Fusobacterium nucleatum \|align=\"center\"\|x \| \| \| \|- \| Prevotella tannerae \| align=\"center\"\|x \| align=\"center\"\| \| align=\"center\"\| \| \|- \| Bacteroides spp. \| align=\"center\"\|x \| align=\"center\"\| \| align=\"center\"\| \| \|- \| Streptomyces avermitilis \| align=\"center\"\|x \| align=\"center\"\| \| align=\"center\"\| \| \|- \| Mycoplasma spp. \| align=\"center\"\|x \| align=\"center\"\| \| align=\"center\"\|x \| \|- \| Neisseria lactamica \| align=\"center\"\|x \| align=\"center\"\| \| align=\"center\"\| \| \|- \| Neisseria polysaccharea \| align=\"center\"\|x \| align=\"center\"\| \| align=\"center\"\| \| \|- \| Epstein–Barr virus \| align=\"center\"\|x \| align=\"center\"\| \| align=\"center\"\|x \| \|- \| Respiratory syncytial virus \| align=\"center\"\|x \| align=\"center\"\| \| align=\"center\"\|x \| \|- \| Adenovirus \| align=\"center\"\|x \| align=\"center\"\| \| align=\"center\"\|x \| \|- \| Candida spp. \| align=\"center\"\|x \| align=\"center\"\| \| align=\"center\"\|x \| \|} Pathogens Other taxa can be present, without causing disease or an immune response. Their presence is associated with negative birth outcomes. {\| class=\"wikitable sortable collapsible\" \|- ! Pathogenic organism ! Increased risk of ! class=unsortable\| References \|- \| Ureaplasma urealyticum \|Premature, preterm rupture", "title": "Uterine microbiome" }, { "docid": "384339", "text": "Mammalian embryogenesis is the process of cell division and cellular differentiation during early prenatal development which leads to the development of a mammalian embryo. Difference from embryogenesis of lower chordates Due to the fact that placental mammals and marsupials nourish their developing embryos via the placenta, the ovum in these species does not contain significant amounts of yolk, and the yolk sac in the embryo is relatively small in size, in comparison with both the size of the embryo itself and the size of yolk sac in embryos of comparable developmental age from lower chordates. The fact that an embryo in both placental mammals and marsupials undergoes the process of implantation, and forms the chorion with its chorionic villi, and later the placenta and umbilical cord, is also a difference from lower chordates. The difference between a mammalian embryo and an embryo of a lower chordate animal is evident starting from blastula stage. Due to that fact, the developing mammalian embryo at this stage is called a blastocyst, not a blastula, which is more generic term. There are also several other differences from embryogenesis in lower chordates. One such difference is that in mammalian embryos development of the central nervous system and especially the brain tends to begin at earlier stages of embryonic development and to yield more structurally advanced brain at each stage, in comparison with lower chordates. The evolutionary reason for such a change likely was that the advanced and structurally complex brain, characteristic of mammals, requires more time to develop, but the maximum time spent in utero is limited by other factors, such as relative size of the final fetus to the mother (ability of the fetus to pass mother's genital tract to be born), limited resources for the mother to nourish herself and her fetus, etc. Thus, to develop such a complex and advanced brain in the end, the mammalian embryo needed to start this process earlier and to perform it faster. Another difference is that during the development of embryonic genitourinary tract, in case of female embryo of placental and marsupial mammals, the uterus is formed, a structure that neither monotremata nor lower chordates have. In every case, including monotremata embryos, the milk glands also develop. Difference from human embryogenesis Most mammals develop similarly to humans; during the earliest stages of development, the embryo is largely indistinguishable from another mammal. However, there are phenomena found in human beings not found in all other mammals, as well as phenomena occurring in other mammals, but not in humans. Humans Mammals do not have the same human chorionic gonadotropin released from their embryo. Non-human mammals The anatomy of the area surrounding an embryo or fetus is different in litter-bearing animals compared to humans: each unborn animal is surrounded by placental tissue and is lodged along one of two long uterine horns rather than in the center of the pear-shaped uterus found in a human female. See also Embryogenesis Mammalian Parthenogenesis Drosophila embryogenesis Plant embryogenesis Developmental biology Blastomere Morula", "title": "Mammalian embryogenesis" }, { "docid": "9735078", "text": "The Vandenbergh effect is a phenomenon reported by J.G. Vandenbergh et al. in 1975, in which an early induction of the first estrous cycle in prepubertal female mice occurs as a result of exposure to the pheromone-laden urine of a sexually mature (dominant) male mouse. Physiologically, the exposure to male urine induces the release of GnRH, which provokes the first estrus. The Vandenbergh effect has also been seen with exposure to adult female mice. When an immature female mouse is exposed to the urine of mature female mouse, estrus is delayed in the prepubertal female. In this situation, GnRH is inhibited and therefore delays puberty in the juvenile female mouse. The Vandenbergh effect is caused by pheromones found in a male's urine. The male does not have to be present for this effect to take place; the urine alone is sufficient. These pheromones are detected by the vomeronasal organ in the septum of the female's nose. This occurs because the female body will only take the step to begin puberty if there are available mates around. She will not waste energy on puberty if there is no possibility of finding a mate. In addition to GnRH, exogenous estradiol has recently implicated as having a role in the Vandenbergh effect. Utilizing tritium-labeled estradiol implanted in male mice, researchers have been able to trace the pathways the estradiol takes once transmitted to a female. The estradiol was found in a multitude of regions within the females and appeared to enter her circulation nasally and through the skin. Their findings suggested that some aspects of the Vandenbergh effect as well as the Bruce effect may be related to exogenous estradiol from males. Additional studies have looked into the validity of estradiol's role in the Vandenbergh effect by means of exogenous estradiol placed in castrated rats. Castrated males were injected with either a control (oil) or estradiol in the oil vehicle. As expected, urinary androgens in the castrated males were below normal levels. Additionally, castration by itself rid the males of the capacity to induce growth of the uterus in prepubescent females or to disrupt implantation of the blastocyst in females that had previously been inseminated. However, when resupplied with estradiol, the castrated males regained the ability to induce uterine growth or halt blastocyst implantation. These studies further support estradiol's role in mediating the Vandenbergh effect (as well as the Bruce effect). See also Bruce effect Whitten effect References Further reading Ethology Endocrinology", "title": "Vandenbergh effect" }, { "docid": "58582242", "text": "Repeated implantation failure (RIF) is the repeated failure of the embryo to implant onto the side of the uterus wall following IVF treatment. Implantation happens at 6–7 days after conception and involves the embedding of the growing embryo into the mothers uterus and a connection being formed. A successful implantation can be determined by using an ultrasound to view the sac which the baby grows in, inside the uterus. However, the exact definition of RIF is debated. Recently the most commonly accepted definition is when a woman under 40 has gone through three unsuccessful cycles of IVF, when in each cycle four good quality eggs have been transferred. Repeated implantation failure should not be confused with recurrent IVF failure. Recurrent IVF failure is a much more broad term and includes all repeated failures to get pregnant from IVF. Repeated implantation failure specifically refers to those failures due to unsuccessful implanting to the uterus wall. An unsuccessful implantation can result from problems with the mother or with the embryo. It is essential that the mother and embryo are able to communicate with each other during all stages of pregnancy, and an absence of this communication can lead to an unsuccessful implantation and a further unsuccessful pregnancy. Contributing maternal factors During implantation, the embryo must cross the epithelial layer of the maternal endometrium before invading and implanting in the stroma layer. Maternal factors, including congenital uterine abnormalities, fibroids, endometrial polyps, intrauterine adhesions, adenomyosis, thrombophilia and endometriosis, can reduce the chances of implantation and result in RIF. Congenital uterine abnormalities Congenital uterine abnormalities are irregularities in the uterus which occur during the mothers foetal development. Hox genes Two Hox genes have been identified to assist in the development and receptivity of the uterus and endometrium, Hoxa10 and Hoxa11. Hoxa10 has been shown to change the upper uterine segment into oviduct-like structures, creating a smaller uterus that appears normal. Embryo transfer into the lower uterine segment does not allow for implantation, so the Hoxa10 gene has multiple effects throughout the uterus. Hoxa11 mutations alter the endometrial gland development and reduce the secretion of Leukaemia-Inhibitory factor (LIF) which is required for implantation. Fibroids Fibroids are benign tumours found in the smooth muscle of the uterus, they are often asymptomatic but can cause pelvic pain. They effect implantation rates by altering the shape and cytokine composition of the uterus. Removal of submucosal fibroids has shown to increase implantation rates. Endometrial polyps Endometrial polyps are benign tumours found in the endometrium which factor into female infertility. There has been limited research into if their removal increases the chances of implantation and pregnancy. Intrauterine adhesions Intrauterine adhesions (Asherman's Syndrome) occur from scar tissue within the uterus which cause the closure of part or all of the uterus. The adhesions prevent embryos from implanting by reducing the surface area and decreasing the receptivity. Intrauterine adhesions normally occur after damage has been caused to the endometrium, either through removal of unwanted pregnancies, miscarriage, infection, and surgical damage. Thrombophilia Thrombophilia is", "title": "Repeated implantation failure" }, { "docid": "6235187", "text": "In human embryonic development, a pre-embryo is a conceptus before implantation in the uterus. Pre-embryo in human embryonic development The word pre-embryo sometimes is used in ethical contexts to refer to a human conceptus at least between fertilization and implantation, though this term has not been adopted by the scientific community. A conceptus between fertilization and implantation is also frequently classified as a pre-implantation embryo. Even after implantation begins, a pre-embryo may exist up until formation of the primitive streak. Implantation begins at about six days after fertilization, and lasts for about a week, during which time formation of the primitive streak occurs. Use of the term pre-embryo, in the context of human development, has drawn criticism from opponents of embryo research, and from scientists who have considered this categorization invalid or unnecessary. One rationale that has been advanced for distinguishing an early fertilized human conceptus from an embryo is that there is a potential for the conceptus to split into identical twins prior to implantation, and so (the argument goes) the conceptus cannot be regarded before implantation as a single human being. However, the conceptus before implantation exhibits self-actuated activity, which has led to the assertion that it is an embryo. Further, identical twinning is an instance of asexual reproduction whereby a conceptus, without ceasing to be what it is (a new human being), provides a cell or cells as a new conceptus, entirely separated or partially separated (a 'siamese' twin) from the original conceptus, but in any event self-actuated in its development from the moment that the act of asexual reproduction (twinning) is complete. By this asexual reproduction, the parents of the original conceptus in effect become grandparents to the identical twin so conceived. In the United States, a report by the National Institutes of Health stated that a conceptus could be both a pre-implantation embryo and a pre-embryo at the same time. However, Ann Kiessling (a leader in stem cell research) has written that those categories are inaccurate. Ontological status The illustration shows the ontological status of the preembryo, embryo, and fetus: (o) indicates the (natural &) standard reproductive and embryogenic pathway (mz) indicates all the possible pathways for a monozygotic twin (/c) indicates a clone created by either SCNT or ANT (ch) indicates all the possible pathways for a chimeric individual (dz) indicates the pathway of a dizygotic twin (en) indicates an enucleated oocyte (m) indicates a hydatidiform mole (cm) indicates a complete hydatidiform mole (pm) indicates a partial hydatidiform mole, and (p) indicates parthenogenesis. (O) indicates an oocyte, (Z) indicates a zygote, (M) indicates a morula, (B) indicates a blastocyst, (E) indicates an embryo, (F) indicates a fetus, (I) indicates a live born individual person. (PM) indicates a partial hydatidiform mole, (CM) indicates a complete hydatidiform mole, (T) indicates a teratoma. The colors represent the maternal and paternal genetic contributions. See also Beginning of pregnancy controversy In vitro fertilization Pregnancy Stem cell controversy Footnotes Embryology", "title": "Pre-embryo" }, { "docid": "95250", "text": "Development of the human body is the process of growth to maturity. The process begins with fertilization, where an egg released from the ovary of a female is penetrated by a sperm cell from a male. The resulting zygote develops through mitosis and cell differentiation, and the resulting embryo then implants in the uterus, where the embryo continues development through a fetal stage until birth. Further growth and development continues after birth, and includes both physical and psychological development that is influenced by genetic, hormonal, environmental and other factors. This continues throughout life: through childhood and adolescence into adulthood. Before birth Development before birth, or prenatal development () is the process in which a zygote, and later an embryo, and then a fetus develops during gestation. Prenatal development starts with fertilization and the formation of the zygote, the first stage in embryonic development which continues in fetal development until birth. Fertilization Fertilization occurs when the sperm successfully enters the ovum's membrane. The chromosomes of the sperm are passed into the egg to form a unique genome. The egg becomes a zygote and the germinal stage of embryonic development begins. The germinal stage refers to the time from fertilization, through the development of the early embryo, up until implantation. The germinal stage is over at about 10 days of gestation. The zygote contains a full complement of genetic material with all the biological characteristics of a single human being, and develops into the embryo. Embryonic development has four stages: the morula stage, the blastula stage, the gastrula stage, and the neurula stage. Prior to implantation, the embryo remains in a protein shell, the zona pellucida, and undergoes a series of rapid mitotic cell divisions called cleavage. A week after fertilization the embryo still has not grown in size, but hatches from the zona pellucida and adheres to the lining of the mother's uterus. This induces a decidual reaction, wherein the uterine cells proliferate and surround the embryo thus causing it to become embedded within the uterine tissue. The embryo, meanwhile, proliferates and develops both into embryonic and extra-embryonic tissue, the latter forming the fetal membranes and the placenta. In humans, the embryo is referred to as a fetus in the later stages of prenatal development. The transition from embryo to fetus is arbitrarily defined as occurring 8 weeks after fertilization. In comparison to the embryo, the fetus has more recognizable external features and a set of progressively developing internal organs. A nearly identical process occurs in other species. Embryonic development Human embryonic development refers to the development and formation of the human embryo. It is characterised by the process of cell division and cellular differentiation of the embryo that occurs during the early stages of development. In biological terms, human development entails growth from a one-celled zygote to an adult human being. Fertilization occurs when the sperm cell successfully enters and fuses with an egg cell (ovum). The genetic material of the sperm and egg then combine to form a single", "title": "Development of the human body" }, { "docid": "58018687", "text": "Changes by weeks of gestation Gestational age vs. embryonic age Gestational age is the time that has passed since the onset of the last menstruation, which generally or as standard occurs 2 weeks before the actual fertilization. Embryonic age, in contrast measures the actual age of the embryo or fetus from the time of fertilization. Nevertheless, menstruation has historically been the only means of estimating embryonal/fetal age, and is still the presumed measure if not else specified. However, the actual duration between last menstruation and fertilization may in fact differ from the standard 2 weeks by several days. Thus, the first week of embryonic age is already week three counting with gestational age. Furthermore, the number of the week is one more than the actual age of the embryo/fetus. For example, the embryo is 0 whole weeks old during the 1st week after fertilization. The following table summarizes the various expression systems during week number x of gestation. Week 3 Gestational age: 2 weeks and 0 days until 2 weeks and 6 days old. 15–21 days from last menstruation. Embryonic age: Week nr 1. 0 (whole) weeks old. 1–7 days from fertilization. Fertilization of the ovum to form a new human organism, the human zygote. (day 1 of fertilization) The zygote undergoes mitotic cellular divisions, but does not increase in size. This mitosis is also known as cleavage. A hollow cavity forms marking the blastocyst stage. (day 1.5–3 of fertilization.) The blastocyst contains only a thin rim of trophoblast cells and a clump of cells at one end known as the \"embryonic pole\" which include embryonic stem cells. The embryo hatches from its protein shell (zona pellucida) and performs implantation onto the endometrial lining of the mother's uterus. (day 5–6 of fertilization.) If separation into identical twins occurs, 1/3 of the time it will happen before day 5. Week 4 Gestational age: 3 weeks and 0 days until 3 weeks and 6 days old. 22–28 days from last menstruation. Embryonic age: Week nr 2. 1 week old. 8–14 days from fertilization. Trophoblast cells surrounding the embryonic cells proliferate and invade deeper into the uterine lining. They will eventually form the placenta and embryonic membranes. The blastocyst is fully implanted day 7–12 of fertilization. Formation of the yolk sac. The embryonic cells flatten into a disk, two cells thick. If separation into identical twins occurs, 2/3 of the time it will happen between days 5 and 9. If it happens after day 9, there is a significant risk of the twins being conjoined. Primitive streak develops. (day 13 of fertilization). Primary stem villi appear. (day 13 of fertilization). Week 5 Gestational age: 4 weeks and 0 days until 4 weeks and 6 days old. 29–35 days from last menstruation. Embryonic age: Week nr 3. 2 weeks old. 15–21 days from fertilization. A notochord forms in the center of the embryonic disk. (day 16 of fertilization.) Gastrulation commences. (day 16 of fertilization.) A neural groove (future spinal cord) forms over the notochord", "title": "Timeline of human prenatal development" }, { "docid": "12257884", "text": "Uterine inversion is when the uterus turns inside out, usually following childbirth. Symptoms include postpartum bleeding, abdominal pain, a mass in the vagina, and low blood pressure. Rarely inversion may occur not in association with pregnancy. Risk factors include pulling on the umbilical cord or pushing on the top of the uterus before the placenta has detached. Other risk factors include uterine atony, placenta previa, and connective tissue disorders. Diagnosis is by seeing the inside of the uterus either in or coming out of the vagina. Treatment involves standard resuscitation together with replacing the uterus as rapidly as possible. If efforts at manual replacement are not successful surgery is required. After the uterus is replaced oxytocin and antibiotics are typically recommended. The placenta can then be removed if it is still attached. Uterine inversion occurs in about 1 in 2,000 to 1 in 10,000 deliveries. Rates are higher in the developing world. The risk of death of the mother is about 15% while historically it has been as high as 80%. The condition has been described since at least 300 BC by Hippocrates. Signs and symptoms Uterine inversion is often associated with significant postpartum bleeding. Traditionally it was thought that it presented with haemodynamic shock \"out of proportion\" with blood loss, however blood loss has often been underestimated. The parasympathetic effect of traction on the uterine ligaments may cause bradycardia. Causes The most common cause is the mismanagement of 3rd stage of labor, such as: Fundal pressure Excess cord traction during the 3rd stage of labor Other natural causes can be: Uterine weakness, congenital or not Precipitate delivery Short umbilical cord It is more common in multiple gestation than in singleton pregnancies. Associations Placenta praevia Fundal Placental Implantation Use of Magnesium Sulfate Vigorous fundal pressure Repeated cord traction short umbilical cord Types One: Complete. Visible outside the cervix. Two: Incomplete. Visible only at the cervix. Treatment Treatment involves standard resuscitation together with replacing the uterus as rapidly as possible. If efforts at manual replacement are not successful surgery is required. After the uterus is replaced oxytocin and antibiotics are typically recommended. The placenta can then be removed if it is still attached. Epidemiology Uterine inversion occurs in about 1 in 2,000 to 1 in 10,000 deliveries. Rates are higher in the developing world. References Complications of labour and delivery Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate", "title": "Uterine inversion" }, { "docid": "3215453", "text": "Luteolysis (also known as luteal regression) is the structural and functional degradation of the corpus luteum, which occurs at the end of the luteal phase of both the estrous and menstrual cycles in the absence of pregnancy. Prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2α) Prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2α) has been identified as the key luteolytic hormone in many species. PGF2α is released from uterine endometrial cells in a pulsatile pattern when stimulated by oxytocin to stimulate both luteolytic activity and further release of oxytocin from the corpus luteum. Domestic animals In domestic animals, luteolysis is initiated by the hormones prostaglandin F2alpha and oxytocin and is dependent on the presence of the uterus. In sheep, communication between the pars nervosa (posterior lobe of the pituitary gland), corpus luteum, and the uterus endometrium via the circulatory system is required for luteolysis. Studies with sheep have found that, if the uterine horn is ipsilateral to the ovary possessing the CL is surgically removed, the lifespan of the corpus luteum will increase drastically. Humans/Primates Removal of the uterus in primates (including humans) does not prolong the life of the corpus luteum, indicating that a different stimulatory mechanism and source of PGF2α is responsible for luteolysis in these species. It has been proposed that PGF2α is made locally within the ovary and the corpus luteum may be the source of luteolytic PGF2α. Asthmatics should take great care when handling this hormone as PGF2α is bronchoconstrictor. During a pregnancy, the corpus luteum remains on the ovary releasing progesterone which will maintain a state of uterine quiescence and close the cervix until the delivery of the fetus. Alternatively if no implantation of a blastocyst occurs, the corpus luteum is degraded to a corpus albicans (scar tissue) by PGF2α released by uterine endometrial cells. Degradation of the corpus luteum will result in reduced levels of progesterone, promoting an increase in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion by the adenohypophysis, which will trigger the development of a new follicle on the ovary. In humans, the placental hormone human chorionic gonadotropin continues to maintain the corpus luteum. This is the hormone tested for by the pregnancy test. Equine If pregnancy occurs in equine, the placental hormone equine chorionic gonadotropin released by endometrial cup acts like LH and FSH and stimulates additional ovulations, although the oocytes released during these ovulations are not fertilized. The resulting accessory corpora lutea produce progesterone and keep levels of progesterone high during pregnancy. Luteolytic agents Danazol was described as a luteolytic agent. Cloprostenol is another example of such an agent. References Bagnell, C. 2005. \"Animal Reproduction\". Rutgers University Department of Animal Sciences. Hadley, M.E. and Levine, J.E. 2007. Endocrinology, 6th Edition. Philip L. Sanger Menstrual cycle Human female endocrine system Theriogenology", "title": "Luteolysis" }, { "docid": "56412457", "text": "Vaginal anomalies are abnormal structures that are formed (or not formed) during the prenatal development of the female reproductive system and are rare congenital defects that result in an abnormal or absent vagina. When present, they are often found with uterine, skeletal and urinary abnormalities. This is because these structures, like the vagina, are most susceptible to disruption during crucial times of organ-genesis. Many of these defects are classified under the broader term Müllerian duct anomalies. Müllerian duct anomalies are caused by a disturbance during the embryonic time of genitourinary development. The other isolated incidents of vaginal anomalies can occur with no apparent cause. Oftentimes vaginal anomalies are part of a cluster of defects or syndromes. In addition, inheritance can play a part as can prenatal exposure to some teratogens. Many vaginal anomalies are not detected at birth because the external genitalia appear to be normal. Other organs of the reproductive system may not be affected by an abnormality of the vagina. The uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries can be functional despite the presence of a defect of the vagina and external genitalia. A vaginal anomaly may not affect fertility. Though it depends on the extent of the vaginal defect, it is possible for conception to occur. In instances where a functional ovary exists, IVF may be successful. Functioning ovaries in a woman with a vaginal defect allows the implantation of a fertilized ovum into the uterus of an unaffected gestational carrier, usually another human. A successful conception and can occur. Vaginal length varies from 6.5 to 12.5 cm. Since this is slightly shorter than older descriptions, it may impact the diagnosis of women with vaginal agenesis or hypoplasia who may unnecessarily be encouraged to undergo treatment to increase the size of the vagina. Vaginal anomalies may cause difficulties in urination, conception, pregnancy, impair sex. Psychosocial effects can also exist. Signs and symptoms Isolated anomalies Some anomalies are found upon examination shortly after birth or when the development of sexual characteristics does not progress as expected. Defects that prevent menstrual flow become obvious when amenorrhea occurs. Syndromes Syndromes may take longer to identify since they are rare and often involve errors in metabolism. Many syndromes share the same signs and symptoms. Associated uterine defects Uterine defects can accompany vaginal abnormalities: Müllerian agenesis (absent uterus). Uterus is not present, vagina only rudimentary or absent. Uterus didelphys, also uterus didelphis (double uterus). transverse vaginal septum Septated uterus (uterine septum or partition). With a complete vaginal septum. Rudimentary uterus is a uterine remnant not connected to cervix and vagina. Women with uterine abnormalities may have associated renal abnormalities including unilateral renal agenesis. Anomalies associated with syndromes Some congenital syndromes present with vaginal anomalies in association with other serious conditions. These include Fraser syndrome, WNT4 deficiency, and Bardet-Biedl syndrome, Isolated incidents of vaginal anomalies can occur with no apparent cause and in other instances these anomalies are part of a syndrome or cluster of other abnormalities. The origin of many vaginal anomalies is due", "title": "Vaginal anomalies" }, { "docid": "26106329", "text": "A cervical pregnancy is an ectopic pregnancy that has implanted in the uterine endocervix. Such a pregnancy typically aborts within the first trimester, however, if it is implanted closer to the uterine cavity – a so-called cervico-isthmic pregnancy – it may continue longer. Placental removal in a cervical pregnancy may result in major hemorrhage. Diagnosis The diagnosis is made in asymptomatic pregnant women either by inspection seeing a bluish discolored cervix or, more commonly, by obstetric ultrasonography. A typical non-specific symptom is vaginal bleeding during pregnancy. Ultrasound will show the location of the gestational sac in the cervix, while the uterine cavity is \"empty\". Cervical pregnancy can be confused with a miscarriage when pregnancy tissue is passing through the cervix. Histologically the diagnosis has been made by Rubin's criteria on the surgical specimen: cervical glands are opposite the trophoblastic tissue, the trophoblastic attachment is below the entrance of the uterine vessels to the uterus or the anterior peritoneal reflection, and fetal elements are absent from the uterine corpus. As many pregnancies today are diagnosed early and no hysterectomy is performed, Rubin's criteria can often not be applied. Management True cervical pregnancies tend to abort; if, however, the pregnancy is located higher in the canal and the placenta finds support in the uterine cavity, it can go past the first trimester. With the placenta being implanted abnormally, extensive vaginal bleeding can be expected at time of delivery and placental removal. While early cervical pregnancies may abort spontaneously or can be managed with excision, D&C, suturing, electrocautery, and tamponading, by medication such as methotrexate, and/or by uterine artery embolization, a more advanced pregnancy may require a hysterectomy to control bleeding. The more advanced the pregnancy, the higher the risk for major bleeding necessitating a hysterectomy. On very rare occasions, a cervical pregnancy results in the birth of a live baby; typically, the pregnancy is in the upper part of the cervical canal and manages to extend into the lower part of the uterine cavity. A cervical pregnancy can develop together with a normal intrauterine pregnancy; such a heterotopic pregnancy will call for expert management as to not to endanger the intrauterine pregnancy. Epidemiology The incidence has been reported to be about 1:1,000 to 1:16,000 pregnancies. Pregnancies involving the isthmus – the segment of the uterus between the cervix and the fundus – are more common than true cervical pregnancies. While in many situations the cause of the abnormal implantation remains unclear, there is evidence to link the development of cervical pregnancy to uterine instrumentation, specifically repeated D&Cs (dilatation and curettage). Cervical pregnancies are to be distinguished from pregnancies that start from an implantation in a scar of a previous cesarean section, so-called scar pregnancies. References External links Wikipedia articles with sections published in WikiJournal of Medicine Medical emergencies Ectopic pregnancy Health issues in pregnancy", "title": "Cervical pregnancy" }, { "docid": "41981888", "text": "Early pregnancy bleeding (also called first trimester bleeding) refers to vaginal bleeding before 14 weeks of gestational age. If the bleeding is significant, hemorrhagic shock may occur. Concern for shock is increased in those who have loss of consciousness, chest pain, shortness of breath, or shoulder pain. Common causes of early pregnancy bleeding include ectopic pregnancy, threatened miscarriage, and pregnancy loss. Most miscarriages occur before 12 weeks gestation age. Other causes include implantation bleeding, gestational trophoblastic disease, polyps, and cervical cancer. Tests to determine the underlying cause usually include a speculum examination, ultrasound, and hCG. Treatment depends on the underlying cause. If tissue is seen at the cervical opening it should be removed. For those in whom the pregnancy is intrauterine and who have fetal heart sounds, watchful waiting is generally appropriate. Anti-D immune globulin is usually recommended in those who are Rh-negative. Occasionally, surgery is required. About 30% of women have bleeding in the first trimester (0 to 14 weeks gestational age). Bleeding in the second trimester (12 to 24 weeks gestational age) is less common. About 15% of those who realize they are pregnant have a miscarriage. Ectopic pregnancy occurs in under 2% of pregnancies. Differential diagnosis The differential diagnosis depends on whether the bleeding occurs in the first trimester or in the second or third trimesters. Obstetric causes of first trimester bleeding include the following: Early pregnancy loss is a term often used interchangeably with spontaneous abortion and miscarriage and refers to pregnancy loss during the first trimester. It is the most common cause of early pregnancy bleeding and is associated only with heavy (versus light) bleeding. However, patients typically remain hemodynamically stable. Threatened early pregnancy loss, often considered a type of early pregnancy loss, refers vaginal bleeding in the presence of an intrauterine pregnancy and a closed cervix. The presence of fetal heart rate largely determines whether the pregnancy will progress to a viable outcome. Ectopic pregnancy refers to a pregnancy outside the uterus, commonly in the fallopian tube. It is a less common but more serious cause of early pregnancy bleeding. Ectopic pregnancies can rupture, leading to internal bleeding that can be fatal if untreated. Implantation bleeding involves a small amount of bleeding that may occur 10 to 14 days after implantation of the fertilized egg. However, there is little evidence to support the existence of such bleeding. Chorionic hematoma is the pooling of blood (hematoma) between the chorion, a membrane surrounding the embryo, and the uterine wall. It occurs in about 3.1% of all pregnancies and is the most common cause of first trimester bleeding. Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, which refers to pregnancy-related tumors that be either cancerous or non-cancerous. This cause is extremely rare with non-cancerous gestational trophoblastic neoplasia found in 23 to 1,299 cases per 100,000 pregnancies and cancerous forms with a 10-fold lower incidence. Obstetric causes of second/third trimester bleeding include the following: Bloody show refers to the passage of a small amount of blood or blood-tinged mucus resulting from labor or", "title": "Early pregnancy bleeding" }, { "docid": "2578250", "text": "An abdominal pregnancy is a rare type of ectopic pregnancy where the embryo or fetus is growing and developing outside the uterus, in the abdomen, and not in a fallopian tube (usual location), an ovary, or the broad ligament. Because tubal, ovarian and broad ligament pregnancies are as difficult to diagnose and treat as abdominal pregnancies, their exclusion from the most common definition of abdominal pregnancy has been debated. Others—in the minority—are of the view that abdominal pregnancy should be defined by a placenta implanted into the peritoneum. Signs and symptoms Symptoms may include abdominal pain or vaginal bleeding during pregnancy. As this is nonspecific in areas where ultrasound is not available the diagnosis was often only discovered during surgery to investigate the abnormal symptoms. They are typically diagnosed later in the developing world than the developed. In about half of cases from a center in the developing world the diagnosis was initially missed. It is a dangerous condition as there can be bleeding into the abdomen that results in low blood pressure and can be fatal. Other causes of death in women with an abdominal pregnancy include anemia, pulmonary embolus, coagulopathy, and infection. Risk factors Risk factors are similar to tubal pregnancy with sexually transmitted disease playing a major role; however about half of those with ectopic pregnancy have no known risk factors (which include damage to the fallopian tubes from previous surgery or from previous ectopic pregnancy, and tobacco smoking). Mechanism Implantation sites can be anywhere in the abdomen but can include the peritoneum outside of the uterus, the rectouterine pouch (culdesac of Douglas), omentum, bowel and its mesentery, mesosalpinx, and the peritoneum of the pelvic wall and the abdominal wall. The growing placenta may be attached to several organs including tube and ovary. Rare other sites have been the liver and spleen, giving rise to a hepatic pregnancy or splenic pregnancy, respectively. Even an early diaphragmatic pregnancy has been described in a patient where an embryo began growing on the underside of the diaphragm. Primary versus secondary implantation A primary abdominal pregnancy refers to a pregnancy that first implanted directly in the peritoneum, save for the tubes and ovaries; such pregnancies are very rare, only 24 cases having been reported by 2007. Typically an abdominal pregnancy is a secondary implantation which means that it originated from a tubal (less common an ovarian) pregnancy and re-implanted. Other mechanisms for secondary abdominal pregnancy include uterine rupture, rupture of a uterine rudimentary horn and fimbrial abortion. Diagnosis Suspicion of an abdominal pregnancy is raised when the fetal anatomy can be easily felt, or the lie is abnormal, the cervix is displaced, or there is failed induction of labor. X-rays can be used to aid diagnosis. Sonography can demonstrate that the pregnancy is outside an empty uterus, there is reduced to no amniotic fluid between the placenta and the fetus, no uterine wall surrounding the fetus, fetal parts are close to the abdominal wall, the fetus has an abnormal lie, the", "title": "Abdominal pregnancy" }, { "docid": "42540524", "text": "Endometriosis and its complications are a major cause of female infertility. Endometriosis is a dysfunction characterized by the migration of endometrial tissue to areas outside of the endometrium of the uterus. The most common places to find stray tissue are on ovaries and fallopian tubes, followed by other organs in the lower abdominal cavity such as the bladder and intestines. Typically, the endometrial tissue adheres to the exteriors of the organs, and then creates attachments of scar tissue called adhesions that can join adjacent organs together. The endometrial tissue and the adhesions can block a fallopian tube and prevent the meeting of ovum and sperm cells, or otherwise interfere with fertilization, implantation and, rarely, the carrying of the fetus to term. Endometriosis is estimated to occur in 1% to 5% of women, with an associated risk of infertility for between 30% and 50% of this population. Endometriosis is commonly classified under the revised American Society for Reproductive Medicine system from minimal endometriosis to severe endometriosis. The therapy and management of endometriosis for infertility is based on the severity of endometriosis. Diagnosis and classification Endometriosis often presents with a very diverse array of symptoms, such as dysmenorrhea (pain during menstruation), cyclical pelvic pain (generalized pain in the lower abdomen that predictably worsens with menstruation), dyspareunia (pain during intercourse), or infertility (inability to achieve a pregnancy with unprotected intercourse for > 1 year). One suggested pathophysiologic mechanism involves retrograde menstruation and endometrial interactions with peritoneal inflammatory cytokines that promote ectopic implantation and growth of endometrial tissue outside of the uterus. Most women experience this phenomenon during normal cycles, rendering many susceptible to endometriosis. Up to 4.1% of women undergoing tubal ligation surgeries have visually apparent, but clinically asymptomatic endometrial implantations. The poor correlation between extent of ectopic implantation to symptom severity makes early detection and intervention challenging. Women in which the presenting symptom is infertility often have diagnoses delayed beyond the average window of 25–29 years of age. The gold standard for diagnosing endometriosis is a diagnostic laparoscopy, a minimally invasive procedure that involves a camera entering the abdominals through a small incision to examine the abdominal cavity for the presence of endometriotic tissue outside of the uterus. Suspect lesions may be further examined microscopically for confirmation, before being classified as: Superficial Endometriosis: adhesions are limited to organ surfaces (< 5mm) Deeply Infiltrating Endometriosis (DIE): endometriotic tissue infiltrate into the retroperitoneal space for 5mm or more Upon diagnosis of endometriosis, there are also several classification systems to rate the prognosis. Currently, revised American Society for Reproductive Medicine (rASRM) classification is the most globally accepted and widely used system for the classification of endometriosis. It uses a weighted scoring system, in which values are assigned according to the size and severity of endometriotic adhesions in the ovaries, peritoneum, and fallopian tube. The cumulative score is then ranked as: Stage I (minimal): 1-5 Isolated implants without notable adhesions Stage II (mild): 6-15 Scattered implants (size < 5 cm) on the peritoneum and ovaries, without", "title": "Endometriosis and infertility" }, { "docid": "20288442", "text": "Pregnancy rate is the success rate for getting pregnant. It is the percentage of all attempts that leads to pregnancy, with attempts generally referring to menstrual cycles where insemination or any artificial equivalent is used, which may be simple artificial insemination (AI) or AI with additional in vitro fertilization (IVF). Definitions There is no universally accepted definition of the term. Thus in IVF pregnancy rates may be based on initiated treatment cycles, cycles that underwent oocyte retrieval, or cycles where an embryo transfer was performed. In terms of outcome, \"pregnancy\" may refer to a positive pregnancy test, evidence of a pregnancy with a \"viable\" fetus or implantation. Furthermore, pregnancy rates can be influenced in IVF by transferring multiple embryos that may result in multiple births. A strict definition in the IVF setting would refer to the singleton pregnancy rate that determines how many live singletons are born in relation to initiated IVF cycles. Related end-points In some cases, success rates include delivery or presence of a live baby (preferably specified as delivery rate or live birth rate respectively). Fertilization rate In IVF or its derivatives, fertilization rate may be used to measure how many oocytes become fertilized by sperm cells. A fertilization rate of zero in one cycle, where no oocytes become fertilized, is termed a total fertilization failure. Repeated ICSI treatment may be useful or necessary in couples with total fertilization failure. Implantation rate Implantation rate is the percentage of embryos which successfully undergo implantation compared to the number of embryos transferred in a given period. In practice, it is generally calculated as the number of intrauterine gestational sacs observed by transvaginal ultrasonography divided by the number of transferred embryos. As an example, one center in the United States reported an implantation rate in IVF of 37% at a maternal age of less than 35 years, 30% at 35 to 37 years, 22% at 38 to 40 years, and 12% at 41 to 42 years. Successful implantation of the zygote into the uterus is most likely 8 to 10 days after conception. If the zygote has not implanted by day 10, implantation becomes increasingly unlikely in subsequent days. Live birth rate Live birth rate is the percentage of all cycles that lead to live birth, and is the pregnancy rate adjusted for miscarriages and stillbirths. For instance, in 2007, Canadian clinics reported a live birth rate of 27% with in vitro fertilisation. General factors There is a substantial connection between age and female fertility. Menarche, the first menstrual period, usually occurs around 12–13, although it may happen earlier or later, depending on each girl. After puberty, female fertility increases and then decreases, with advanced maternal age causing an increased risk of female infertility. A 2001 review suggested a paternal age effect on fertility, where older men have decreased pregnancy rates. Pregnancy rate for sexual intercourse The time with the highest likelihood of pregnancy resulting from sexual intercourse covers the menstrual cycle time from some 5 days before until 1", "title": "Pregnancy rate" }, { "docid": "1166782", "text": "Embryonic diapause (delayed implantation in mammals) is a reproductive strategy used by a number of animal species across different biological classes. In more than 130 types of mammals where this takes place, the process occurs at the blastocyst stage of embryonic development, and is characterized by a dramatic reduction or complete cessation of mitotic activity, arresting most often in the G0 or G1 phase of division. In placental embryonic diapause, the blastocyst does not immediately implant in the uterus after sexual reproduction has resulted in the zygote, but rather remains in this non-dividing state of dormancy until conditions allow for attachment to the uterine wall to proceed as normal. As a result, the normal gestation period is extended for a species-specific time. Diapause provides a survival advantage to offspring, because birth or emergence of young can be timed to coincide with the most hospitable conditions, regardless of when mating occurs or length of gestation; any such gain in survival rates of progeny confers an evolutionary advantage. Evolutionary significance Organisms which undergo embryonic diapause are able to synchronize the birth of offspring to the most favorable conditions for reproductive success, irrespective of when mating took place. Many different factors can induce embryonic diapause, such as the time of year, temperature, lactation and supply of food. Embryonic diapause is a relatively widespread phenomenon outside of mammals, with known occurrence in the reproductive cycles of many insects, nematodes, fish, and other non-mammalian vertebrates. It has been observed in approximately 130 mammalian species, which is less than two percent of all species of mammals. These include certain rodents, bears, armadillos, mustelids (e.g. weasels and badgers), and marsupials (e.g. kangaroos). Some groups only have one species that undergoes embryonic diapause, such as the roe deer in the order Artiodactyla. Experimental induction of embryonic discontinuous development within species which do not spontaneously undergo embryonic diapause in nature has been achieved; reversible developmental arrest was successfully demonstrated. This may be evidence for the evolutionary significance of this phenomenon, with latent capacity for diapause potentially present in a much wider segment of species than known to occur naturally. General mechanism All multicellular organisms, from their conception, begin as a small number of cells and only grow and develop as those cells divide. In organisms which are capable of embryonic diapause, in non-ideal reproductive conditions, there is a cessation of cellular division which prevents the embryo from growing and maturing, delaying the maturation of the embryo until conditions are ideal enough to promote the survival of the offspring, and in some cases, the mother. Regulation of the cell cycle as it relates to embryonic diapause has been linked to the dacapo gene in the fruit fly, responsible for inhibiting the formation of cyclin E-cdk2 complexes necessary for DNA synthesis. There is also evidence pointing to the upregulation of B cell translocation gene 1 (Btg1) in the mouse embryo during diapause, another known regulator of the cell cycle, responsible for inhibiting transition from G0/G1. Other studies have demonstrated, inversely, the", "title": "Embryonic diapause" }, { "docid": "18301326", "text": "A contraceptive implant is an implantable medical device used for the purpose of birth control. The implant may depend on the timed release of hormones to hinder ovulation or sperm development, the ability of copper to act as a natural spermicide within the uterus, or it may work using a non-hormonal, physical blocking mechanism. As with other contraceptives, a contraceptive implant is designed to prevent pregnancy, but it does not protect against sexually transmitted infections. Women Implant The contraceptive implant is hormone-based and highly effective, approved in more than 60 countries and used by millions of women around the world. The typical implant is a small flexible tube measuring about in length. It is most commonly inserted subdermally in the inner portion of the upper, non-dominant arm by a trained and certified health care provider. After insertion, it prevents pregnancy by releasing progestin which inhibits ovulation. The two most common versions are the single-rod etonogestrel implant and the two-rod levonorgestrel implant. Brands include: Norplant, Jadelle (Norplant II), Implanon, Nexplanon, Sino-implant (II), Zarin, Femplant and Trust. Benefits Some brands of the contraceptive implant, including Nexplanon, are over 99% effective. Benefits of the implant for some include fewer, lighter periods, improved symptoms of premenstrual syndrome, long-lasting up to three to five years, smoker- and breastfeeding-safe, and the convenience of not needing to remember to use it every day. The implant is also useful for women who cannot use contraception that contains oestrogen. The implant can also be removed at any time and natural fertility will return very quickly. Side effects When the implant is first inserted, it is common to have some bruising, tenderness or swelling around the implant. In some cases, adverse effects do occur, the most common being irregular bleeding or amenorrhea. Although irregularity in bleeding can be troublesome for some women, this also allows for use in treatment of dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia, and endometriosis. Less common symptoms include change in appetite, depression, moodiness, hormonal imbalance, sore breasts, weight gain, dizziness, pregnancy symptoms, and lethargy. Although rare, there is also a risk of complications occurring during insertion or removal of the implant. In rare cases, the area of skin where the implant has been inserted can become infected, which can require antibiotics. Most commonly reported from the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system LNG-IUG contraceptive; breast tenderness, headaches, swelling, and skin irritation. contraceptive also corresponds with earlier waking, frequent mood swings, impaired concentration, and strain. Irregular vaginal uterus lining shedding is a common pattern with Norplant users; if this occurs it will be seen during the first 60 days of use but it can subside or disappear over time. The Implanon also has these negative side effects causing a considerable amount of vaginal bleeding irregularities, and amenorrhea in about 30–40% of its users during the following 90 days of starting use. Postpartum use With regard to helping women space their pregnancies appropriately, there is some debate about the most effective time to insert contraceptive implants after pregnancy. It is likely that implant insertion immediately", "title": "Contraceptive implant" }, { "docid": "12276398", "text": "Human embryonic development or human embryogenesis is the development and formation of the human embryo. It is characterised by the processes of cell division and cellular differentiation of the embryo that occurs during the early stages of development. In biological terms, the development of the human body entails growth from a one-celled zygote to an adult human being. Fertilization occurs when the sperm cell successfully enters and fuses with an egg cell (ovum). The genetic material of the sperm and egg then combine to form the single cell zygote and the germinal stage of development commences. Embryonic development in the human, covers the first eight weeks of development; at the beginning of the ninth week the embryo is termed a fetus. The eight weeks have 23 stages. Human embryology is the study of this development during the first eight weeks after fertilization. The normal period of gestation (pregnancy) is about nine months or 40 weeks. The germinal stage refers to the time from fertilization through the development of the early embryo until implantation is completed in the uterus. The germinal stage takes around 10 days. During this stage, the zygote begins to divide, in a process called cleavage. A blastocyst is then formed and implants in the uterus. Embryogenesis continues with the next stage of gastrulation, when the three germ layers of the embryo form in a process called histogenesis, and the processes of neurulation and organogenesis follow. In comparison to the embryo, the fetus has more recognizable external features and a more complete set of developing organs. The entire process of embryogenesis involves coordinated spatial and temporal changes in gene expression, cell growth and cellular differentiation. A nearly identical process occurs in other species, especially among chordates. Germinal stage Fertilization Fertilization takes place when the spermatozoon has successfully entered the ovum and the two sets of genetic material carried by the gametes fuse together, resulting in the zygote (a single diploid cell). This usually takes place in the ampulla of one of the fallopian tubes. The zygote contains the combined genetic material carried by both the male and female gametes which consists of the 23 chromosomes from the nucleus of the ovum and the 23 chromosomes from the nucleus of the sperm. The 46 chromosomes undergo changes prior to the mitotic division which leads to the formation of the embryo having two cells. Successful fertilization is enabled by three processes, which also act as controls to ensure species-specificity. The first is that of chemotaxis which directs the movement of the sperm towards the ovum. Secondly, an adhesive compatibility between the sperm and the egg occurs. With the sperm adhered to the ovum, the third process of acrosomal reaction takes place; the front part of the spermatozoan head is capped by an acrosome which contains digestive enzymes to break down the zona pellucida and allow its entry. The entry of the sperm causes calcium to be released which blocks entry to other sperm cells. A parallel reaction takes place in", "title": "Human embryonic development" }, { "docid": "8292063", "text": "The uterine horns (cornua of uterus) are the points in the upper uterus where the fallopian tubes or oviducts exit to meet the ovaries. They are one of the points of attachment for the round ligament of uterus (the other being the mons pubis). They also provide attachment to the ovarian ligament, which is located below the fallopian tube at the back, while the round ligament of uterus is located below the tube at the front. The uterine horns are far more prominent in other animals (such as cows and cats) than they are in humans. In the cat, implantation of the embryo occurs in one of the two uterine horns, not the body of the uterus itself. Occasionally, if a fallopian tube does not connect, the uterine horn will fill with blood each month, and a minor one-day surgery will be performed to remove it. Often, people who are born with this have trouble getting pregnant as both ovaries are functional and either may ovulate. The spare egg, that cannot travel the fallopian tube, is absorbed into the body. References Uterus", "title": "Uterine horns" }, { "docid": "20610136", "text": "The reproductive system of an organism, also known as the genital system, is the biological system made up of all the anatomical organs involved in sexual reproduction. Many non-living substances such as fluids, hormones, and pheromones are also important accessories to the reproductive system. Unlike most organ systems, the sexes of differentiated species often have significant differences. These differences allow for a combination of genetic material between two individuals, which allows for the possibility of greater genetic fitness of the offspring. Animals In mammals, the major organs of the reproductive system include the external genitalia (penis and vulva) as well as a number of internal organs, including the gamete-producing gonads (testicles and ovaries). Diseases of the human reproductive system are very common and widespread, particularly communicable sexually transmitted infections. Most other vertebrates have similar reproductive systems consisting of gonads, ducts, and openings. However, there is a great diversity of physical adaptations as well as reproductive strategies in every group of vertebrates. Vertebrates Vertebrates share key elements of their reproductive systems. They all have gamete-producing organs known as gonads. In females, these gonads are then connected by oviducts to an opening to the outside of the body, typically the cloaca, but sometimes to a unique pore such as a vagina. Humans The human reproductive system usually involves internal fertilization by sexual intercourse. During this process, the male inserts their erect penis into the female's vagina and ejaculates semen, which contains sperm. The sperm then travels through the vagina and cervix into the uterus or fallopian tubes for fertilization of the ovum. Upon successful fertilization and implantation, gestation of the fetus then occurs within the female's uterus for approximately nine months, this process is known as pregnancy in humans. Gestation ends with childbirth, delivery following labor. Labor consists of the muscles of the uterus contracting, the cervix dilating, and the baby passing out the vagina (the female genital organ). Human's babies and children are nearly helpless and require high levels of parental care for many years. One important type of parental care is the use of the mammary glands in the female breasts to nurse the baby. The female reproductive system has two functions: The first is to produce egg cells, and the second is to protect and nourish the offspring until birth. The male reproductive system has one function, and it is to produce and deposit sperm. Humans have a high level of sexual differentiation. In addition to differences in nearly every reproductive organ, numerous differences typically occur in secondary sexual characteristics. Male The male reproductive system is a series of organs located outside of the body and around the pelvic region of a male that contribute towards the reproduction process. The primary direct function of the male reproductive system is to provide the male sperm for fertilization of the ovum. The major reproductive organs of the male can be grouped into three categories. The first category is sperm production and storage. Production takes place in the testicles, which are housed", "title": "Reproductive system" }, { "docid": "5157727", "text": "Uterine atony is the failure of the uterus to contract adequately following delivery. Contraction of the uterine muscles during labor compresses the blood vessels and slows flow, which helps prevent hemorrhage and facilitates coagulation. Therefore, a lack of uterine muscle contraction can lead to an acute hemorrhage, as the vasculature is not being sufficiently compressed. Uterine atony is the most common cause of postpartum hemorrhage, which is an emergency and potential cause of fatality. Across the globe, postpartum hemorrhage is among the top five causes of maternal death. Recognition of the warning signs of uterine atony in the setting of extensive postpartum bleeding should initiate interventions aimed at regaining stable uterine contraction. Risk factors There are many risk factors for uterine atony and several are due to the type of labor a mother experiences such as prolonged labor, labor lasting less than 3 hours, uterine inversion, the use of magnesium sulfate infusions, and extended use of oxytocin. Uterine distention caused by things like more than one fetus present, polyhydramnios, fetal macrosomia, uterine fibroids, chorioamnionitis can also lead to decreased uterine function and atony. Retained placental tissue or placental disorders, such as an adherent placenta, placenta previa, and abruption placentae increase the mother's risk of PPH. Body mass index (BMI) above 40 and coagulopathies are known risk factors. Magnesium sulfate is used often in patients with preeclampsia and eclampsia, can inadvertently inhibit uterine contractions. In addition, preeclampsia can lead to blood disorders such as thrombocytopenia, platelet abnormalities, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Cesarean delivery, especially after prolonged labor, may cause the muscles of the uterus to become tired and stop contracting or contraction can be inhibited at the surgical site. Epidemiology Uterine atony occurs during 1 in 40 births in the United States and is responsible for at least 80% of cases of postpartum hemorrhage. Pathophysiology The uterus is composed of an interconnected muscle fibers known as the myometrium. The blood vessels that provide the blood supply to the placenta pass through this muscle. After labor it is the contraction of these muscles that physically squeeze the blood vessels so that hemostasis can occur after the delivery of the fetus and the placenta. Local hemostatic factors like tissue factor type-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor and platelets and clotting factors aid in stopping the blood flow. This physiological contraction does not occur if the myometrium becomes atonic. Oxytocin is released continuously during labor to stimulate uterine muscle contraction so that the fetus can be delivered and it is continued to be released after delivery to stop blood flow. If the oxytocin receptors become desensitized and no longer respond to the hormone then the uterus does not contract. The uterus can also be structurally damaged or distended to prevent contraction. Therefore, as placenta is delivered arteries are damaged and without the muscle contractions hemostasis cannot be reached. Blood loss is an expected part of labor and less than 500 mL is considered normal. Generally, primary PPH is classified as being more than 500 mL of", "title": "Uterine atony" }, { "docid": "23496", "text": "In mammals, pregnancy is the period of reproduction during which a female carries one or more live offspring from implantation in the uterus through gestation. It begins when a fertilized zygote implants in the female's uterus, and ends once it leaves the uterus. Fertilization and implantation During copulation, the male inseminates the female. The spermatozoon fertilizes an ovum or various ova in the uterus or oviducts, and this results in one or multiple zygotes. Sometimes, a zygote can be created by humans outside of the animal's body in the artificial process of in-vitro fertilization. After fertilization, the newly formed zygote then begins to divide through mitosis, forming an embryo, which implants in the female's endometrium. At this time, the embryo usually consists of 50 cells. Development After implantation A blastocele is a small cavity on the center of the embryo, and the developing embryonary cells will grow around it. Then, a flat layer cell forms on the exterior of this cavity, and the zona pellucida, the blastocyst's barrier, remains the same size as before. Cells grow increasingly smaller to fit in. This new structure with a cavity in the center and the developing cells around it is known as a blastocyst. The presence of the blastocyst means that two types of cells are forming, an inner-cell mass growing on the interior of the blastocele and cells growing on the exterior of it. In 24 to 48 hours, the zona pellucida breaches. The cells on the exterior of the blastocyst begin excreting an enzyme which erodes epithelial uterine lining and creates a site for implantation. Placental circulation system The cells surrounding the blastocyst now destroy cells in the uterine lining, forming small pools of blood, which in turn stimulate the production of capillaries. This is the first stage in the growth of the placenta. The inner cell mass of the blastocyst divides rapidly, forming two layers. The top layer becomes the embryo, and cells from there occupy the amniotic cavity. At the same time, the bottom layer forms a small sac (if the cells begin developing in an abnormal position, an ectopic gestation may also occur at this point). Several days later, chorionic villi in the forming placenta anchor the implantation site to the uterus. A system of blood and blood vessels now develops at the point of the newly forming placenta, growing near the implantation site. The small sac inside the blastocyst begins producing red blood cells. For the next 24 hours, connective tissue develops between the developing placenta and the growing embryo. This later develops into the umbilical cord. Cellular differentiation Following this, a narrow line of cells appears on the surface on the embryo. Its growth makes the embryo undergo gastrulation, in which the three primary tissue layers of the fetus, the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm, develop. The narrow line of cells begin to form the endoderm and mesoderm. The ectoderm begins to grow rapidly as a result of chemicals being produced by the mesoderm. These three layers", "title": "Pregnancy (mammals)" }, { "docid": "10714351", "text": "Tubal reversal, also called tubal sterilization reversal, tubal ligation reversal, or microsurgical tubal reanastomosis, is a surgical procedure that can restore fertility to women after a tubal ligation. By rejoining the separated segments of the fallopian tube, tubal reversal can give women the chance to become pregnant again. In some cases, however, the separated segments cannot actually be reattached to each other. In some cases the remaining segment of tube needs to be re-implanted into the uterus (a 'tubal reimplantation'). In other cases, when the end of the tube (the 'fimbria') has been removed, a procedure called a neofimbrioplasty must be performed to recreate a functional end of the tube which can then act like the missing fimbria and retrieve the egg that has been released during ovulation. Tubal anatomy The fallopian tube is a muscular tube extending from the uterus and ending with attached fimbria next to the ovary. The tube is attached to the ovary by a thin tissue called the mesosalpinx. The inner tubal lining is lined with cilia. These are microscopic hair-like projections that beat in waves that push fluid down the tube towards the uterus thereby helping move the egg or ovum to the uterus in conjunction with muscular contractions of the tube. The fallopian tube is normally about 10 cm (4 inches) long and consists of several regions that become wider as the tube gets farther away from the uterus. Starting from the uterus and proceeding outward, these are the: Interstitial region - extends from the uterine cavity through the uterine muscle Isthmic region - narrow muscular portion adjacent to the uterus Ampullary region - wider and longer middle part of the tube Infundibular region - funnel shaped segment next to the fimbrial end Fimbrial region - wide opening at the end of the tube that is responsible for 'catching' the egg after it is released from the ovary during ovulation Tubal reversal surgeries Tubal reversal surgeries require the techniques of microsurgery to open and reconnect the fallopian tube segments that remain after a tubal sterilization, reimplant remaining segments, or create new fimbria. Tubotubal anastomosis Following a tubal ligation, there are usually two remaining fallopian tube segments - the proximal (close) tubal segment that emerges from the uterus and the distal (far) tubal segment that ends with the fimbria next to the ovary. After opening the blocked ends of the remaining tubal segments, a variety of microsurgical techniques are utilized to recreate a functional tube. The newly created tubal openings are drawn next to each other by placing sutures in the connective tissue that lies beneath the fallopian tubes (mesosalpinx). The retention suture prevents the tubal segments from pulling apart while the tube heals. Microsurgical sutures are used to precisely align the tubal lumens (inside canal of tube), the muscular portion (muscularis externa), and the outer layer (serosa) of the tube. Most surgeons try to avoid the use of stents which can damage the delicate cilia that line the tube and create the flow", "title": "Tubal reversal" }, { "docid": "7110423", "text": "Ormeloxifene, also known as centchroman, is one of the selective estrogen receptor modulators, or SERMs, a class of medication which acts on the estrogen receptor. It is best known as a nonsteroidal oral contraceptive which is taken once per week. In India, ormeloxifene has been available as birth control since the early 1990s, and it was marketed there under the trade name Saheli, currently available free-of-cost for the women in India as Chhaya (Centchroman). Ormeloxifene has also been licensed under the trade names Ormalin, Novex-DS, Centron, and Sevista. Medical uses Ormeloxifene is primarily used as a contraceptive but may also be effective for dysfunctional uterine bleeding and advanced breast cancer. Birth control Ormeloxifene may be used as a weekly oral contraceptive. The weekly schedule is an advantage for women who prefer an oral contraceptive, but find it difficult or impractical to adhere to a daily schedule required by other oral contraceptives. For the first twelve weeks of use, it is advised to take the ormeloxifene pill twice per week. From the thirteenth week on, it is taken once per week. The consensus is that backup protection in the first month is a cautious but sensible choice. A standard dose is 30 mg weekly, but 60 mg loading doses can reduce pregnancy rates by 38%. It has a failure rate of about 1-2% with ideal use which is slightly less effective than found for combined oral contraceptive pills. Other indications Ormeloxifene has also been tested in experimental setting as a treatment for menorrhagia. use in treatment of mastalgia and fibroadenoma has also been described. Side effects There are concerns that ormeloxifene may cause delayed menstruation. Pharmacology Ormeloxifene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). In some parts of the body, its action is estrogenic (e.g., bones), in other parts of the body, its action is antiestrogenic (e.g., uterus, breasts). It causes an asynchrony in the menstrual cycle between ovulation and the development of the uterine lining, although its exact mode of action is not well defined. In clinical trials, it caused ovulation to occur later than it normally would in some women, but did not affect ovulation in the majority of women, while causing the lining of the uterus to build more slowly. It speeds the transport of any fertilized egg through the fallopian tubes more quickly than is normal. Presumably, this combination of effects creates an environment such that if fertilization occurs, implantation will not be possible. History Ormeloxifene was first discovered by Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI) in Lucknow, India. Ormeloxifene was marketed in Delhi in July 1991 and in India in 1992, under the brand names Saheli and Choice-7. Since 2018, Centchroman is provided free-of-cost to the women in India by the government under the brand name Chhaya. Society and culture Marketing As of 2009, ormeloxifene was legally available only in India. Ormeloxifene has been tested and licensed as a form of birth control, as well as a treatment for dysfunctional uterine bleeding. manufactured by Torrent Pharmaceuticals, and", "title": "Ormeloxifene" }, { "docid": "444337", "text": "The blastocyst is a structure formed in the early embryonic development of mammals. It possesses an inner cell mass (ICM) also known as the embryoblast which subsequently forms the embryo, and an outer layer of trophoblast cells called the trophectoderm. This layer surrounds the inner cell mass and a fluid-filled cavity known as the blastocoel. In the late blastocyst, the trophectoderm is known as the trophoblast. The trophoblast gives rise to the chorion and amnion, the two fetal membranes that surround the embryo. The placenta derives from the embryonic chorion (the portion of the chorion that develops villi) and the underlying uterine tissue of the mother. The name \"blastocyst\" arises from the Greek (\"a sprout\") and (\"bladder, capsule\"). In non-mammalian animals, this is a structure consisting of an undifferentiated ball of cells and is called a blastula. In humans, blastocyst formation begins about five days after fertilization when a fluid-filled cavity opens up in the morula, the early embryonic stage of a ball of 16 cells. The blastocyst has a diameter of about 0.1–0.2 mm and comprises 200–300 cells (32 mitotic divisions) following rapid cleavage (cell division). About seven days after fertilization, the blastocyst undergoes implantation, embedding into the endometrium of the uterine wall where it will undergo further developmental processes, including gastrulation. Embedding of the blastocyst into the endometrium requires that it hatches from the zona pellucida, the egg coat that prevents adherence to the fallopian tube as the pre-embryo makes its way to the uterus. The use of blastocysts in in vitro fertilization (IVF) involves culturing a fertilized egg for five days before transferring it into the uterus. It can be a more viable method of fertility treatment than traditional IVF. The inner cell mass of blastocysts is the source of embryonic stem cells, which are broadly applicable in stem cell therapies including cell repair, replacement and regeneration. Assisted zona hatching may also be used in IVF, and other fertility treatments. Development cycle The blastocyst stage occurs between 5 and 9 days after conception. During embryonic development, after fertilization (approximately 5–6 days in the human), the cells of the morula begin to undergo cell differentiation, and the morula changes into the blastocyst. In the uterus the zona pellucida surrounding the blastocyst breaks down, allowing it to implant into the uterine wall. Implantation marks the end of the germinal stage of embryogenesis, and the beginning of gestation. Blastocyst formation The zygote develops by mitosis, and when it has developed into a compacted ball of 8-16 cells becomes known as the morula. Until this stage in development, all cells (blastomeres) are autonomous and not specified to any particular subsequent functional development. The morula then develops by cavitation to become the blastocyst, or in many other animals the blastula. Cellular differentiation then develops the morula's cells into two types: trophoblast cells that surround the blastocoel and an inner mass of cells (the embryoblast). The inner cell mass consists of embryonic stem cells. The conceptus is then known as the blastocyst. Before", "title": "Blastocyst" }, { "docid": "88003", "text": "The menstrual cycle is a series of natural changes in hormone production and the structures of the uterus and ovaries of the female reproductive system that makes pregnancy possible. The ovarian cycle controls the production and release of eggs and the cyclic release of estrogen and progesterone. The uterine cycle governs the preparation and maintenance of the lining of the uterus (womb) to receive an embryo. These cycles are concurrent and coordinated, normally last between 21 and 35 days, with a median length of 28 days, and continue for about 30–45 years. Naturally occurring hormones drive the cycles; the cyclical rise and fall of the follicle stimulating hormone prompts the production and growth of oocytes (immature egg cells). The hormone estrogen stimulates the uterus lining (endometrium) to thicken to accommodate an embryo should fertilization occur. The blood supply of the thickened lining provides nutrients to a successfully implanted embryo. If implantation does not occur, the lining breaks down and blood is released. Triggered by falling progesterone levels, menstruation (a \"period\", in common parlance) is the cyclical shedding of the lining, and is a sign that pregnancy has not occurred. Each cycle occurs in phases based on events either in the ovary (ovarian cycle) or in the uterus (uterine cycle). The ovarian cycle consists of the follicular phase, ovulation, and the luteal phase; the uterine cycle consists of the menstrual, proliferative and secretory phases. Day one of the menstrual cycle is the first day of the period, which lasts for about five days. Around day fourteen, an egg is usually released from the ovary. Menarche (the onset of the first period) usually occurs around the age of 12 years. The menstrual cycle can cause some women to experience premenstrual syndrome with symptoms that may include tender breasts, and tiredness. More severe symptoms that affect daily living are classed as premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and are experienced by 3–8% of women. During the first few days of menstruation some women experience period pain that can spread from the abdomen to the back and upper thighs. The menstrual cycle can be modified by hormonal birth control. Cycles and phases The menstrual cycle encompasses the ovarian and uterine cycles. The ovarian cycle describes changes that occur in the follicles of the ovary, whereas the uterine cycle describes changes in the endometrial lining of the uterus. Both cycles can be divided into phases. The ovarian cycle consists of alternating follicular and luteal phases, and the uterine cycle consists of menstruation, the proliferative phase, and the secretory phase. The menstrual cycle is controlled by the hypothalamus in the brain, and the anterior pituitary gland at the base of the brain. The hypothalamus releases gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which causes the nearby anterior pituitary to release follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Before puberty, GnRH is released in low steady quantities and at a steady rate. After puberty, GnRH is released in large pulses, and the frequency and magnitude of these determine how much FSH and LH are", "title": "Menstrual cycle" }, { "docid": "1771587", "text": "Pregnancy is the time during which one or more offspring develops (gestates) inside a woman's uterus (womb). A multiple pregnancy involves more than one offspring, such as with twins. Pregnancy usually occurs by sexual intercourse, but can also occur through assisted reproductive technology procedures. A pregnancy may end in a live birth, a miscarriage, an induced abortion, or a stillbirth. Childbirth typically occurs around 40 weeks from the start of the last menstrual period (LMP), a span known as the gestational age. This is just over nine months. Counting by fertilization age, the length is about 38 weeks. Pregnancy is \"the presence of an implanted human embryo or fetus in the uterus\"; implantation occurs on average 8–9 days after fertilization. An embryo is the term for the developing offspring during the first seven weeks following implantation (i.e. ten weeks' gestational age), after which the term fetus is used until birth. Signs and symptoms of early pregnancy may include missed periods, tender breasts, morning sickness (nausea and vomiting), hunger, implantation bleeding, and frequent urination. Pregnancy may be confirmed with a pregnancy test. Methods of birth control—or, more accurately, contraception—are used to avoid pregnancy. Pregnancy is divided into three trimesters of approximately three months each. The first trimester includes conception, which is when the sperm fertilizes the egg. The fertilized egg then travels down the fallopian tube and attaches to the inside of the uterus, where it begins to form the embryo and placenta. During the first trimester, the possibility of miscarriage (natural death of embryo or fetus) is at its highest. Around the middle of the second trimester, movement of the fetus may be felt. At 28 weeks, more than 90% of babies can survive outside of the uterus if provided with high-quality medical care, though babies born at this time will likely experience serious health complications such as heart and respiratory problems and long-term intellectual and developmental disabilities. Prenatal care improves pregnancy outcomes. Nutrition during pregnancy is important to ensure healthy growth of the fetus. Prenatal care may also include avoiding recreational drugs (including tobacco and alcohol), taking regular exercise, having blood tests, and regular physical examinations. Complications of pregnancy may include disorders of high blood pressure, gestational diabetes, iron-deficiency anemia, and severe nausea and vomiting. In the ideal childbirth, labor begins on its own \"at term\". Babies born before 37 weeks are \"preterm\" and at higher risk of health problems such as cerebral palsy. Babies born between weeks 37 and 39 are considered \"early term\" while those born between weeks 39 and 41 are considered \"full term\". Babies born between weeks 41 and 42 weeks are considered \"late-term\" while after 42 weeks they are considered \"post-term\". Delivery before 39 weeks by labor induction or caesarean section is not recommended unless required for other medical reasons. Terminology Associated terms for pregnancy are gravid and parous. Gravidus and gravid come from the Latin word meaning \"heavy\" and a pregnant female is sometimes referred to as a gravida. Gravidity refers to the", "title": "Pregnancy" }, { "docid": "4909324", "text": "Pelvic pain is pain in the area of the pelvis. Acute pain is more common than chronic pain. If the pain lasts for more than six months, it is deemed to be chronic pelvic pain. It can affect both the male and female pelvis. Common causes in include: endometriosis in women, bowel adhesions, irritable bowel syndrome, and interstitial cystitis. The cause may also be a number of poorly understood conditions that may represent abnormal psychoneuromuscular function. The role of the nervous system in the genesis and moderation of pain is explored. The importance of psychological factors is discussed, both as a primary cause of pain and as a factor which affects the pain experience. As with other chronic syndromes, the biopsychosocial model offers a way of integrating physical causes of pain with psychological and social factors. Terminology Pelvic pain is a general term that may have many causes, listed below. The subcategorical term urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome (UCPPS) is an umbrella term adopted for use in research into urologic pain syndromes associated with the male and female pelvis. UCPPS specifically refers to chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) in men and interstitial cystitis or painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS) in women. Cause Genital pain and pelvic pain can arise from a variety of conditions, crimes, trauma, medical treatments, physical diseases, mental illness and infections. In some instances the pain is consensual and self-induced. Self-induced pain can be a cause for concern and may require a psychiatric evaluation. Female Many different conditions can cause female pelvic pain including: Related to pregnancy Pelvic girdle pain Ectopic pregnancy—a pregnancy implanted outside the uterus. Gynecologic (from more common to less common) Dysmenorrhea—pain during the menstrual period. Endometriosis—pain caused by uterine tissue that is outside the uterus. Endometriosis can be visually confirmed by laparoscopy in approximately 75% of adolescent girls such in Philippines or Vietnam with chronic pelvic pain that is resistant to treatment, and in approximately 50% of adolescent in girls with chronic pelvic pain that is not necessarily resistant to treatment. Pelvic inflammatory disease—pain caused by damage from infections. Adenomyosis. Adenomyosis is a medical condition characterized by the growth of cells that build up the inside of the uterus (endometrium) atypically located within the cells that put up the uterine wall (myometrium), as a result, thickening of the uterus occurs. Pelvic congestion syndrome -- , also known as pelvic vein incompetence, is a long term condition believed to be due to enlarged veins in the lower abdomen. Polycystic ovary syndrome. , or PCOS, is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. Ovarian cysts—the ovary produces a large, painful cyst, which may rupture. Asherman's syndrome (AS) is an acquired uterine condition that occurs when scar tissue (adhesions) form inside the uterus and/or the cervix. Ovarian torsion—the ovary is twisted in a way that interferes with its blood supply. (pain on one side only) Pudendal nerve entrapment. (PNE), also known as Alcock canal syndrome, is an uncommon source of chronic pain in", "title": "Pelvic pain" }, { "docid": "3258771", "text": "The decidua is the modified mucosal lining of the uterus (that is, modified endometrium) that forms every month, in preparation for pregnancy. It is shed off each month when there is no fertilised egg to support. The decidua is under the influence of progesterone. Endometrial cells become highly characteristic. The decidua forms the maternal part of the placenta and remains for the duration of the pregnancy. After birth the decidua is shed together with the placenta. Structure The part of the decidua that interacts with the trophoblast is the decidua basalis (also called decidua placentalis), while the decidua capsularis grows over the embryo on the luminal side, enclosing it into the endometrium. The remainder of the decidua is termed the decidua parietalis or decidua vera, and it will fuse with the decidua capsularis by the fourth month of gestation. Three morphologically distinct layers of the decidua basalis can then be described: Compact outer layer (stratum compactum) Intermediate layer (stratum spongiosum) Boundary layer adjacent to the myometrium (stratum basalis) Within the decidua, occasional fibrinoid deposits form where the syncytiotrophoblast is damaged. The region of fibrinoid deposition where trophoblasts meet the compact portion of the decidua basalis is called Rohr's layer, while the fibrinoid deposits that occur between the compact and spongy layer of the decidua basalis is termed Nitabuch's layer (for Raissa Nitabuch). This layer is absent in placenta accreta. The decidua has a histologically-distinct appearance, displaying large polygonal decidual cells in the stroma. These are enlarged endometrial stromal cells, which resemble epithelium (and are referred to as \"epithelioid\"). Decidualization includes the process of differentiation of the spindle-shape stromal fibroblasts into the plump secretory decidual cells, which create a pericellular extracellular matrix rich in fibronectin and laminin (similar to epithelial cells). Vascularity, as well as vascular permeability, is enhanced in the decidualizing endometrium. Its leukocyte population is distinct, with the presence of large endometrial granular leukocytes being predominant, while polynuclear leukocytes and B cells are scant. The large granular lymphocytes (CD56 bright) are called uterine natural killer cells\| (uNK cells). Development After ovulation, in placental mammals, the endometrial lining becomes hypertrophic and vascular under the influence of the sex hormones, estrogen and progesterone. In animals exhibiting hemochorial placentation, the endometrium undergoes decidualization following implantation. If implantation does not occur, the secretory lining will be absorbed (estrous cycle) or shed (menstrual cycle). The decidua is shed with the placenta during birth. Function As the maternal interface to the embryo the decidua participates in the exchanges of nutrition, gas, and waste with the gestation. It also protects the pregnancy from the maternal immune system. Further, the decidua has to allow a very controlled invasion of the trophoblast. In invasive placental disorders like placenta accreta decidualization have been consistently found to be deficient. Hormone production The decidua secretes hormones, growth factors, and cytokines. It has receptors for estrogen, progesterone, growth hormone, and others. Among its products are hormones commonly associated with other organs such as cortisol, CRF, GnRH, prolactin, and relaxin. Decidual prolactin is", "title": "Decidua" }, { "docid": "3219612", "text": "Intermenstrual bleeding (IMB) is vaginal bleeding at irregular intervals between expected menstrual periods. It may be associated with bleeding with sexual intercourse. In some women, menstrual spotting between periods occurs as a normal and harmless part of ovulation. Some women experience acute mid-cycle abdominal pain around the time of ovulation (sometimes referred to by the German term for this phenomenon, mittelschmerz). This may also occur at the same time as menstrual spotting. The term breakthrough bleeding or breakthrough spotting is usually used for women using hormonal contraceptives, such as IUDs or oral contraceptives, in which it refers to bleeding or spotting between any expected withdrawal bleedings, or bleeding or spotting at any time if none is expected. If spotting continues beyond the first 3-4 cycles of oral contraceptive use, a woman should have her prescription adjusted to a pill containing higher estrogen:progesterone ratio by either increasing the estrogen dose or decreasing the relative progestin dose. Besides the aforementioned physiologic forms, metrorrhagia may also represent abnormal uterine bleeding and be a sign of an underlying disorder, such as hormone imbalance, endometriosis, uterine fibroids, uterine cancer, or vaginal cancer. If the bleeding is repeated and heavy, it can cause significant iron-deficiency anemia. Cause Intermittent spotting between periods can result from any of numerous reproductive system disorders: Neoplasia: Cervical cancer Uterine cancer Vaginal cancer Endometrial cancer Primary fallopian tube cancer Ovarian cancer Inflammation: Cervicitis Endometritis Vaginitis Sexually Transmitted Infections Pelvic inflammatory disease Endometrial abnormalities: Endometriosis Adenomyosis Uterine leiomyomas Endometrial hyperplasia Polyps Endocrinological causes: Hormone imbalance Dysfunctional uterine bleeding Diets which induce ketosis, such as the Atkins diet polycystic ovarian syndrome Bleeding disorders: Von Willebrand Disease Pancytopenia due to leukemia Drug induced: Use of progestin-only contraceptives, such as Depo Provera Change in oral contraception Overdose of anticoagulant medication or Aspirine abuse Traumatic causes: Automutilation Sexual abuse or rape Related to pregnancy: Implantation bleeding Ectopic pregnancy (Incomplete) miscarriage Other causes: Enlarged uterus with menorrhea Breakthrough bleeding Breakthrough bleeding (BTB) is any of various forms of vaginal bleeding, usually referring to mid-cycle bleeding in users of combined oral contraceptives, as attributed to insufficient estrogens. It may also occur with other hormonal contraceptives. Sometimes, breakthrough bleeding is classified as abnormal and thereby as a form of metrorrhagia, and sometimes it is classified as not abnormal. In the context of hemophilia, the term describes a bleeding that occurs while a patient is on prophylaxis. Presentation The bleeding is usually light, often referred to as \"spotting,\" though a few people may experience heavier bleeding. It is estimated that breakthrough bleeding affects around 25% of combined oral contraceptive pill (COCP) users during the initial 3 to 4 months of use, it then usually resolves on its own. Mechanism Breakthrough bleeding is commonly due to 4 factors: physiologic effects of OCs on the endometrium, OC-related parameters, (dose, formulation, and regimen), patient behavior, (compliance, using concomitant medications, and smoking) and benign or malignant pathology. Treatment Breakthrough bleeding that does not resolve on its own is a common reason for women to switch", "title": "Intermenstrual bleeding" } ]	[ "the wall of the uterus" ]
train_21986	when is the last time the raptors made it to playoffs	[ { "docid": "66652946", "text": "The Nets–Raptors rivalry is a National Basketball Association (NBA) rivalry between the Brooklyn Nets and the Toronto Raptors. Both teams play in the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference. The rivalry started to get intense in the 2000s, the starting point being in 2004, when All-Star Vince Carter got traded to the Nets. The two teams didn't meet in the playoffs until 2007, where the Nets defeated the Raptors, 4–2. They then met again in 2014, where the Nets beat the Raptors again, but this time in seven games. Six years later, the two teams met again in the playoffs, but this time, the Raptors swept the Nets in four games. The Raptors have a 70–59 advantage against the Nets, and have the longest winning streak, which is 12 games from January 6, 2016 to March 23, 2018. History 1995–2004: Creation of the Toronto Raptors The Toronto Raptors were created in 1995 for the NBA to expand the league to Canada. The Raptors had the 7th pick in the 1995 NBA draft, where they selected Damon Stoudamire. On November 3, 1995, the Raptors played their very first NBA game against the New Jersey Nets. The Raptors outscored the Nets in the first quarter, 21–17, and hence won the contest 94–79. The core of Stoudamire and Alvin Robertson led the team. Robertson had 30 points while Stoudamire had a double-double of 10 points and 10 assists. The Raptors then lost the next seven games of the season. Following the season, the Nets and Raptors played against each other a handful of times per season. The Nets, who were led by Jason Kidd, Kenyon Martin, Keith Van Horn and Todd MacCulloch made the playoffs four times, and went to two straight NBA Finals, losing both appearances. They also were Atlantic Division champions three times. The Raptors, who were led by Vince Carter, Tracy McGrady, Antonio Davis and Dell Curry made the playoffs three times and moved on to the second round once. Once the 2004–05 season started, the Raptors changed divisions from the Central Division to the Atlantic Division, making the two teams division rivals. 2004–2009: The Vince Carter Trade and First Playoff Meeting In the 2004 NBA offseason, eight-time All-Star and Rookie of the Year Vince Carter showed frustration with the upper management of the Raptors, including Maple Leaf Sports and Entertainment and Raptors president Richard Peddie. General manager Glen Grunwald got fired due to the team not making the playoffs. This led to speculations of Carter wanting to request a trade. In a private meeting, Peddie convinced Carter that he was eager to make a championship team. He told him that he would recruit Julius Erving as the new general manager, but Erving wasn't interested in the job. So, Peddie hired Rob Babcock as general manager instead. This still didn't fix the fact that Carter wanted to get traded. As a result, on December 17, 2004, Carter's request was granted, getting traded to the New Jersey Nets for Alonzo Mourning,", "title": "Nets–Raptors rivalry" }, { "docid": "54105448", "text": "The 2017–18 Toronto Raptors season was the 23rd season of the franchise in the National Basketball Association (NBA). On June 28, 2017, the Raptors promoted assistant general manager Bobby Webster to general manager, while Masai Ujiri remained team president. Webster's promotion came over a month after their previous general manager, Jeff Weltman, left the Raptors to become the President of Basketball Operations for the Orlando Magic, with the Raptors acquiring a second-round pick in 2018 in order for them to release Weltman early. However they would later trade that selection, their first round pick, and DeMarre Carroll to the Brooklyn Nets for the rights to Justin Hamilton. On April 6, 2018, the Raptors set new franchise records for total wins in a season with 57, home wins in a season with 33, and clinched the 1st seed in the Eastern Conference for the first time in franchise history. They would end the season with a record 59 wins and 34 home wins. They would end up winning their 4th division title in 5 years. In the playoffs, the Raptors faced the eighth seeded Washington Wizards in the first round, winning in six games. They advanced to the semifinals where they faced the Cleveland Cavaliers once again, the team that had eliminated them in the past two NBA playoffs. Just like last season, the Raptors were swept in four games by the Cavaliers. It is also the third time in four seasons that the Raptors were swept in the playoffs, having been swept by the Washington Wizards in the first round of the 2015 Playoffs. They have now lost 10 straight playoff games to the Cavaliers. This sweep marked the 1st time the top seeded conference team was swept in a playoff series since 2015, where the Atlanta Hawks were also swept by the Cleveland Cavaliers in the conference finals. The Raptors also became the first top-seeded conference team since the Oklahoma City Thunder in 2013 to have not advanced to the conference finals, and the first in NBA history to get swept in the Semifinals. Following yet another disappointing playoff appearance, head coach Dwane Casey was fired on May 11, 2018. Offseason Draft Roster <noinclude> Standings Division Conference Record vs opponents (* game decided in overtime) Game log Preseason \|- style=\"background:#cfc;\" \| 1 \| October 1 \| LA Clippers \| \| Kyle Lowry (17) \| Jonas Valančiūnas (10) \| 3 players (4) \| Stan Sheriff Center8,018 \| 1–0 \|- style=\"background:#fcc;\" \| 2 \| October 4 \| @ LA Clippers \| \| DeMar DeRozan (15) \| Jonas Valančiūnas (6) \| DeMar DeRozan (4) \| Stan Sheriff Center8,272 \| 1–1 \|- style=\"background:#fcc;\" \| 3 \| October 5 \| @ Portland \| \| Kyle Lowry (23) \| Alfonzo McKinnie (8) \| Kyle Lowry (6) \| Moda Center15,505 \| 1–2 \|- style=\"background:#cfc;\" \| 4 \| October 10 \| Detroit \| \| C. J. Miles (19) \| Jonas Valančiūnas (11) \| DeMar DeRozan (8) \| Air Canada Centre16,893 \| 2–2 \|- style=\"background:#cfc;\" \| 5 \|", "title": "2017–18 Toronto Raptors season" }, { "docid": "57400264", "text": "The 2019 NBA Finals was the championship series of the National Basketball Association's (NBA) 2018–19 season and conclusion of the season's playoffs. In the best-of-seven playoff series held from May 30 through June 13, 2019, the Eastern Conference champion Toronto Raptors defeated the two-time defending NBA champion Golden State Warriors, , earning the franchise its first NBA championship as well as the first win by an NBA team based outside the United States. Acquired by the Raptors via a trade during the off-season, Kawhi Leonard was named the NBA Finals Most Valuable Player (MVP) for the second time in his career. This was the first NBA Finals appearance for the Raptors, and the league's first finals with games played outside of the United States. Home-court advantage was awarded to Toronto, who finished the regular season with one more win (58–24) than Golden State (57–25). This was the first time in five consecutive NBA Finals appearances that the then-two-time defending NBA-champion Warriors did not have home-court advantage. This meant that Games 3, 4, and 6 were held in Golden State (the last postseason home games for the Warriors in Oracle Arena) and Games 1, 2, and 5 were in Toronto. Had it been necessary, Game 7 would have been held in Toronto. Also for the first time after the past four postseasons, the Warriors and the Cleveland Cavaliers did not meet in the championship round. This was the first Finals since 2010 not to feature LeBron James, who played in the past eight Finals with the Cavaliers and the Miami Heat. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, this was the last NBA Finals until 2022 to be played in its traditional June schedule. This also was the last finals until the 2023 NBA Finals in which a team made its first trip to the NBA Finals in its franchise history. For the first time in NBA History, two national anthems were performed before the game started, \"The Star-Spangled Banner\" for the country of the United States and \"O Canada\" for the country of Canada. Background Golden State Warriors During the off-season, Golden State acquired DeMarcus Cousins, who was recovering from a ruptured left Achilles. He gave the Warriors a true, top-flight center for the first time under head coach Steve Kerr. During an overtime loss to the Los Angeles Clippers in November 2018, Draymond Green cursed out teammate Kevin Durant over his upcoming free agency status after the season, and he was suspended for the much-publicized blowup. In January 2019, Cousins returned, and the Warriors became the first team in 42 years with a starting lineup of five NBA All-Stars from the previous season. The team finished the regular season with a 57–25 record, winning the Pacific Division and securing the 1st seed in the Western Conference. In the playoffs, Golden State defeated the Clippers in six games in the first round, despite blowing leads at home in Games 2 and 5. Cousins tore his left quadriceps in Game 2, and was", "title": "2019 NBA Finals" }, { "docid": "57095742", "text": "The 2019 NBA playoffs was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball Association's 2018–19 season. The playoffs began on April 13 and ended on June 13 with the Eastern Conference champion Toronto Raptors defeating the two-time defending NBA champion and Western Conference champion Golden State Warriors in 4 games to 2 to win their first title in franchise history. Kawhi Leonard was named the NBA Finals MVP for the first time since 2014. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, this was the last postseason until 2022 to be played in its traditional April through June schedule. This was also the last NBA finals featuring coaches wearing formal business attire, as the business attire for coaches was completely abandoned following the Covid-19 pandemic. Overview Western Conference The Denver Nuggets made the playoffs for the first time in six years. The Golden State Warriors entered the postseason for the seventh straight year, a new franchise record. This was also their final season at Oracle Arena, as they moved to the new Chase Center the following season. They won the championship in 2015, 2017 and 2018. The San Antonio Spurs made the playoffs for the 22nd consecutive season; they have not missed the playoffs since drafting Tim Duncan, who retired in 2016. However, as of 2024, this was their most recent postseason appearance. The Los Angeles Clippers made the playoffs for the first time since 2017, featuring a roster without Blake Griffin, Chris Paul, or DeAndre Jordan. The Los Angeles Lakers missed the playoffs for the sixth year in a row despite the addition of LeBron James. This was also the first NBA Playoffs to not feature James since 2005. Eastern Conference The Milwaukee Bucks entered the postseason with a 60–win season, their first since 1980–81, and with the best record in the league, the first time that has occurred since 1973–74. The Orlando Magic made the playoffs for the first time since 2012, breaking the longest Eastern Conference playoff appearance drought to date. The Brooklyn Nets made the playoffs for the first time in four years. The Detroit Pistons made the playoffs for the first time since 2016. The Cleveland Cavaliers, despite being the four-time defending Eastern Conference Champions, missed the playoffs for the first time since 2014, largely due to the departure of LeBron James to the Los Angeles Lakers. The Miami Heat missed the playoffs for the third time in five years. First round In Game 2 of their series against the reigning champion Golden State Warriors, the Los Angeles Clippers completed the largest comeback in NBA playoff history, overcoming a 31–point deficit. Game 3 of the Bucks–Pistons series was the first playoff game played in the city of Detroit since Game 6 of the 1985 Eastern Conference semifinals, which took place at Joe Louis Arena. Postseason games featuring the Pistons had previously been held in the Palace of Auburn Hills and the Pontiac Silverdome. The Boston Celtics swept the Indiana Pacers in the first round, marking the 43rd straight year", "title": "2019 NBA playoffs" }, { "docid": "11967895", "text": "The 2008 NBA playoffs was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball Association's 2007–08 season. The tournament concluded with the Eastern Conference champion Boston Celtics defeating the Western Conference champion Los Angeles Lakers 4 games to 2 in the NBA Finals. Paul Pierce was named NBA Finals MVP. Overview Thanks to preseason trades for Kevin Garnett and Ray Allen, the Boston Celtics entered the playoffs with an NBA best 66–16 record. It was also their first playoff appearance since 2005. The Los Angeles Lakers entered their third consecutive postseason. Thanks to a midseason trade for Pau Gasol, they entered the playoffs as the top seed in the west for the first time since 2000. The Phoenix Suns entered their fourth consecutive postseason. However, they lost to the defending champion San Antonio Spurs in the first round. The Atlanta Hawks made the playoffs for the first time since 1999, taking the top seed and eventual champion Boston Celtics to seven games before bowing out. The New Orleans Hornets made the playoffs for the first time since 2004 and for the first time as a member of the Western Conference. This was notable since this marks the playoff debut of Chris Paul and the Hornets’ first postseason appearance after Hurricane Katrina, pushing the defending champions San Antonio Spurs to seven games in the Conference Semifinals before bowing out. The Hornets would not win another playoff series until 2018, in which they were now known today as the Pelicans. The Golden State Warriors won 48 games, more than 5 of the 8 playoff teams in the Eastern Conference. However, all eight qualifiers in the Western Conference finished with at least 50 wins, thus leaving the Warriors out of the postseason. The New Jersey Nets missed the playoffs for the first time since 2001, largely due to a trade that sent Jason Kidd to the Dallas Mavericks. The Miami Heat missed the playoffs for the first time since 2003, thanks to a league worst 15–67 record. It also marked the first NBA postseason since 2003 not to feature Dwyane Wade. The Chicago Bulls also missed the playoffs for the first time since 2004. With their first round series victory over the Toronto Raptors, the Orlando Magic won their first playoff series since 1996. However, they lost to the Detroit Pistons in the Conference Semifinals. With their first round sweep of the Denver Nuggets, the Los Angeles Lakers won their first playoff series since 2004 (when they last made the NBA Finals). It also marked the only sweep of the 2008 playoffs. With their conference semifinals win over the Orlando Magic, the Detroit Pistons entered their sixth consecutive conference finals. The Pistons also became the first team since the Showtime Lakers to accomplish this feat. As of 2023, this remains The Pistons’ most recent series win. Game 7 of the conference semifinals between the Boston Celtics and Cleveland Cavaliers became notable for a duel between Paul Pierce and LeBron James, who scored 41 and 45", "title": "2008 NBA playoffs" }, { "docid": "60775538", "text": "The 2019–20 Toronto Raptors season was the 25th season of the franchise in the National Basketball Association (NBA). The Raptors entered the season for the first time in franchise history as the defending NBA champions, following their NBA Finals win over the previous two-time NBA champion Golden State Warriors in six games. The Raptors had the second best team defensive rating in the NBA. The Raptors lost 2019 NBA Finals MVP Kawhi Leonard in the offseason as he signed a 3-year, $103M max contract with the Los Angeles Clippers, becoming the first Finals MVP to leave the season they won a championship. The Raptors showed they were still championship contenders with Leonard gone, and went 53–19 in an eventual 72-game season on pace for 60 plus wins. They were led by Pascal Siakam being an All-NBA and All Star starter, Kyle Lowry earning his 6th All Star selection, Serge Ibaka and Fred VanVleet having their offensive best year of their careers, the impact of Marc Gasol and OG Anunoby on both ends, the success of undrafted rookie Terence Davis who was selected to the 2020 NBA All-Rookie Team, and Nick Nurse winning the 2020 NBA Coach of the Year Award. The Raptors finished the season with the second best record in the league only behind the Milwaukee Bucks like the 2018–19 NBA season. On March 5, 2020, the Raptors became the second team to clinch a playoff spot by defeating the Golden State Warriors. The season was suspended by the league officials following the games of March 11, after it was reported that Rudy Gobert tested positive for COVID-19. The Raptors faced the Brooklyn Nets in the first round of the playoffs where they swept the Nets in four games. They would go on to lose to the Boston Celtics in seven games in the Eastern Conference semifinals. Raptors Franchise Icon Kyle Lowry made his 6th straight All Star appearance. Pascal Siakam made his first All NBA Team as he was selected to the 2020 All NBA Second Team. Siakam was selected as an All Star starter in his first NBA All Star Game in 2020. Draft The Raptors only held a second round draft pick. In July 2018 they had traded their first round pick and DeMar DeRozan to the San Antonio Spurs to obtain Kawhi Leonard and Danny Green. Roster Standings Division Conference Record vs opponents (* game decided in overtime) Game log Preseason \|- style=\"background:#cfc;\" \| 1 \| October 8 \| Houston \| \| Pascal Siakam (24) \| Pascal Siakam (11) \| Davis, VanVleet (5) \| Saitama Super Arena20,413 \| 1–0 \|- style=\"background:#fcc;\" \| 2 \| October 10 \| @ Houston \| \| Norman Powell (22) \| Serge Ibaka (8) \| Fred VanVleet (10) \| Saitama Super Arena20,413 \| 1–1 \|- style=\"background:#fcc;\" \| 3 \| October 13 \| Chicago \| \| OG Anunoby (15) \| Dewan Hernandez (11) \| Anunoby, Davis, Johnson (4) \| Scotiabank Arena16,438 \| 1–2 \|- style=\"background:#cfc;\" \| 4 \| October 18 \| @", "title": "2019–20 Toronto Raptors season" }, { "docid": "68164815", "text": "The 2022 NBA playoffs was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball Association's 2021–22 season. The playoffs began on April 16 and ended on June 16 with the conclusion of the 2022 NBA Finals. The playoffs also returned to its normal April–June schedule for the first time since 2019, before the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in two postponements in 2020 and 2021. Overview Notable updates to postseason appearances The Phoenix Suns entered the postseason for the second consecutive season and also clinched the best record in the NBA for the first time since 2005. The Miami Heat entered the postseason for the third consecutive season and also clinched the best record in the Eastern Conference for the first time since 2013. The Boston Celtics entered the postseason for the eighth consecutive season, currently the longest such streak in the NBA. Boston also won the Eastern Conference and advanced to the NBA Finals for the first time since 2010. The Utah Jazz and Milwaukee Bucks entered the postseason for the sixth consecutive season. The Philadelphia 76ers entered the postseason for the fifth consecutive season. The Brooklyn Nets and Denver Nuggets entered the postseason for the fourth consecutive season. The Dallas Mavericks entered the postseason for the third consecutive season. The Memphis Grizzlies and Atlanta Hawks entered the postseason for the second consecutive season. The Toronto Raptors entered the postseason for the first time since 2020. The Golden State Warriors entered the postseason for the first time since 2019. Golden State also won the Western Conference and advanced to the NBA Finals for the first time since 2019 and sixth time since 2015. The Minnesota Timberwolves and New Orleans Pelicans entered the postseason for the first time since 2018. The Chicago Bulls entered the postseason for the first time since 2017. The Los Angeles Lakers missed the postseason for the first time in three years. The Portland Trail Blazers missed the postseason for the first time in nine years. The Sacramento Kings missed the postseason once again, making their current postseason drought the longest in NBA history (originally starting from 2007 to 2022). Notable occurrences Neither Los Angeles team qualified for the playoffs. The last time this occurred was in 2018. (The Los Angeles Clippers made the play-in as the eighth seed but did not advance.) This is the first time where both No. 8 seeds were eliminated in the Page–McIntyre stage by the No. 9 seeded teams. A team with a losing record in the Western Conference (Pelicans) qualified for the playoffs. This previously occurred in 2020. For the first time in NBA playoff history, four players aged 22 or younger (Anthony Edwards, Ja Morant, Tyrese Maxey, and Jordan Poole) scored 30 or more points in a game in the same postseason. Anthony Edwards joined Derrick Rose, Tyler Herro, and Magic Johnson in scoring at least 35 points in a playoff game before turning 21. The Utah Jazz became the fifth team in the last 10 postseasons to win a playoff game", "title": "2022 NBA playoffs" }, { "docid": "18518207", "text": "The Toronto Raptors are a Canadian professional basketball team based in Toronto, Ontario. They play in the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference in the National Basketball Association (NBA). The Raptors are the only Canadian-based NBA team. The team joined the NBA in 1995 as an expansion team with the Vancouver Grizzlies (which relocated to Memphis, Tennessee in 2001). The Raptors first played their home games at the SkyDome (now known as the Rogers Centre), before moving to Scotiabank Arena (formerly the Air Canada Centre) in 1999, where they have played since. The Raptors are owned by Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment and Bobby Webster is their general manager. There have been ten head coaches for the Raptors franchise. The franchise's first head coach was Brendan Malone, who coached for one season. Dwane Casey is the franchise's all-time leader for the most regular-season games coached (397) and the most regular-season game wins (210). Casey is the franchise's all-time leader for the most playoff games coached (51), as well as the most playoff-game wins (21). Lenny Wilkens is the only Raptors coaches to have been elected into the Basketball Hall of Fame as a coach. Sam Mitchell, Dwane Casey and Nick Nurse are the only Raptors coaches to have won the NBA Coach of the Year Award, having won it in the , 2017–18 season, and 2019-20 season respectively. Butch Carter, Kevin O'Neill, and Jay Triano have spent their entire NBA head coaching careers with the Raptors. Triano was the interim head coach of the Raptors since Mitchell was fired. Triano is the first Canadian head coach in NBA history. Nick Nurse is the only Raptors coach to have won an NBA Championship with the team (2018–19 NBA season) and holds the franchise's highest winning percentage in the regular season (.707) and playoffs (.667). Key Coaches Note: Statistics are correct through the end of the . Notes A running total of the number of coaches of the Raptors. Thus, any coach who has two or more separate terms as head coach is only counted once. Each year is linked to an article about that particular NBA season. References General Specific Lists of NBA head coaches by team head coaches", "title": "List of Toronto Raptors head coaches" }, { "docid": "54147415", "text": "The 2017–18 Cleveland Cavaliers season was the 48th season of the franchise in the National Basketball Association (NBA). The Cavaliers entered the season as runners-up in the 2017 NBA Finals, where they lost to the Golden State Warriors in five games. This was the Cavaliers' first season without Kyrie Irving since the 2010–2011 season, as he was traded to the Boston Celtics during the offseason per his request. This trade ended the superteam era of the Cavaliers. The Cavaliers clinched their playoff berth for the fourth consecutive season since LeBron James' return to Cleveland for the 2014–15 season. In the playoffs, the Cavaliers defeated the Indiana Pacers in seven games in the First Round, then swept the top-seeded Toronto Raptors in four games in the Semi-finals, before finally defeating the Boston Celtics in seven games in the conference finals. Cleveland reached the NBA Finals for the fourth straight season, despite having an injury filled roster throughout the span of the 2017-2018 season, but were swept by the defending NBA champions Golden State Warriors in four games, the first Finals sweep that occurred since 2007, when the LeBron-led Cavs were also swept by the San Antonio Spurs. It was the fourth year in a row the two teams had faced off in the Finals, and the eighth consecutive season in which James had made it to the championship round. It was also James' final season with the Cavaliers, as he opted out of his contract during the subsequent offseason and again left the Cavaliers to sign with the Los Angeles Lakers, his second time leaving his hometown team after doing so in 2010 to join the Miami Heat. With the loss in the Finals for the second consecutive year, the Cavaliers had become the first team since the then-New Jersey Nets in 2003, the team led by Hall of Famer Jason Kidd, to lose back-to-back Finals. This marked the last season the Cavaliers made the playoffs until their 2022–23 season. Offseason On August 30, 2017, Kyrie Irving was traded to the Boston Celtics, ending the superteam era of the Cavaliers. Draft The Cavaliers did not have a pick in the 2017 NBA draft. Preseason summary The Cavaliers entered the offseason having lost in five games to the Golden State Warriors in the 2017 NBA Finals. On June 19, 2017 – a week after the last game of the 2016–17 season – Cavaliers general manager David Griffin agreed to leave the team. During July, Cleveland competed in the MGM Resorts Summer League in Las Vegas. During the middle of July, star point guard Kyrie Irving – citing serious concerns about the team's future and strains in his relationship with teammate LeBron James – informed the team of his desire to be traded out of Cleveland. Around that time, his list of teams he wanted to be traded to included the Miami Heat, Minnesota Timberwolves, New York Knicks, and San Antonio Spurs. While James was against the idea of trading his teammate and", "title": "2017–18 Cleveland Cavaliers season" }, { "docid": "48153544", "text": "Malcolm Miller (born March 6, 1993) is an American professional basketball player for UCC Assigeco Piacenza of the Italian second-tier league Serie A2 (basketball). He played college basketball for the Holy Cross Crusaders. Miller has played in the NBA for the Toronto Raptors, whom he won a championship with in 2019. High school career Miller attended Gaithersburg High School where he served as team captain during both his junior and senior seasons, averaging 13.1 points, 7.5 rebounds, 2.8 assists, 2.6 blocks and 1.4 steals per game as a senior, earning him first team All-Gazette honors. College career In four years at Holy Cross, Miller totaled 1,013 points, 532 rebounds, 164 assists, 143 blocked shots and 93 steals, ranking third all-time in career blocked shots and sixth in career games started (93). As a senior, Miller averaged 14.5 points, 4.9 rebounds, 1.6 blocked shots, 1.3 steals and 1.2 assists per game for the Crusaders, while connecting on 37.2 percent of his three-point field goal attempts and 83.0 percent of his free throws. He finished the season ranked second in the Patriot League in blocked shots, fourth in free throw percentage, seventh in steals, eighth in scoring, 14th in three-point field goals made and 15th in rebounding. Miller led the team in scoring 13 times and in rebounding 13 times that year, while scoring in double-figures 25 times. Professional career Maine Red Claws (2015–2016) After going undrafted on the 2015 NBA draft, Miller joined the Boston Celtics for the 2015 NBA Summer League where he averaged 4.0 points and 1.3 rebounds in 12.1 minutes per game. On September 25, 2015, he signed with the Celtics. However, he was later waived by the Celtics on October 20 after appearing in one preseason game. On October 31, he was acquired by the Maine Red Claws of the NBA Development League as an affiliate player of the Celtics. Alba Berlin (2016–2017) On July 27, 2016, Miller signed with Alba Berlin of the German Bundesliga and EuroCup. Toronto Raptors (2017–2020) For the 2017–18 season, Miller signed with the Toronto Raptors of the NBA as the team's first two-way contract recipient. He would spend most of the season with the Raptors' G-League affiliate Raptors 905. Miller would play in 15 NBA regular season games for the Raptors, starting four times. He made his first career NBA start on March 4, 2018, against the Charlotte Hornets. On February 10, 2019, Miller re-signed with the Toronto Raptors as a part of the main roster. That season, Miller played in 10 playoff games and won a championship with Raptors after they defeated the Golden State Warriors in the 2019 NBA Finals. In the 2019-20 season, Miller played in 28 games for the Raptors, starting once. Salt Lake City Stars (2021) On December 18, 2020, Miller signed a contract with the Utah Jazz. He was waived at the conclusion of training camp, but was later added to the roster of their G League affiliate, the Salt Lake City Stars. Vanoli Cremona", "title": "Malcolm Miller (basketball)" }, { "docid": "57078493", "text": "Dylan Fawsitt (born July 24, 1990) is an Irish-born American rugby union player who plays as a hooker for Rugby New York (Ironworkers) in Major League Rugby (MLR) and also for the United States men's national team. His nickname is \"The Butcher\". Fawsitt previously played for the Glendale Raptors and the Ohio Aviators. Prior to moving to the United States in 2014, Fawsitt played rugby for Greystones, Blackrock College, and St. Mary's College in Ireland. In addition to his playing career, Fawsitt coaches rugby at Monroe College and Fordham Preparatory School in New York City. Early life Fawsitt grew up in Ireland and moved to Wicklow at the age of 10. Prior to the move to Wexford, Fawsitt began playing rugby with Greystones RFC at the age of seven. Fawsitt also played hurling and Gaelic football as a youth for St. Martin's GAA. Fawsitt attended Blackrock College and was a member of their 2009 rugby team that won the Leinster Schools Senior Cup in 2009. Fawsitt concluded his tenure with Greystones by competing at the first team level for three years through 2012. Fawsitt then played for St. Mary's College for two years in the All-Ireland League's Division 1A. Move to the United States In 2014, Fawsitt moved to the United States to attend Life University, where he earned a master's degree in exercise science. There he played and coached for the university's rugby teams. After playing with the Ohio Aviators (see section below), Fawsitt moved to New York where he played for Old Blue and serves as an Assistant Coach at Monroe College and Head Coach at Fordham Preparatory School. Club career Ohio Aviators Fawsitt played for the Ohio Aviators in PRO Rugby's first and only season in 2016. Fawsitt made his debut for the Aviators on May 8, in the Aviators' 31–11 victory over Sacramento. He made his first start for the Aviators in a 24–20 defeat at San Diego on May 15. Fawsitt scored his first try for the Aviators on May 22, in the Aviators' 50–17 victory over Sacramento. Rugby United New York Fawsitt joined Rugby United New York for their inaugural season as an associate member of Major League Rugby in 2018. In 2018, Fawsitt served as the team's captain. Fawsitt scored his first try in a RUNY uniform in a March 25, 2018 exhibition against the Boston Mystics. On September 19, 2018, RUNY announced that Fawsitt had re-signed with the New York side for the 2019 Major League Rugby season. He returns to New york in 2019 MLR season, with a prominent participation, having in regular season 12 tries and 10 tries assist, qualifying RUNY in last game to playoffs for first time. Glendale Raptors Fawsitt joined Major League Rugby's Glendale Raptors for the 2018 regular season on loan from RUNY. International career Fawsitt made his debut with the USA Eagles on February 24, 2018, starting in the Eagles' 45–16 victory over Brazil in the 2018 Americas Rugby Championship. Fawsitt scored his first try", "title": "Dylan Fawsitt" }, { "docid": "59127373", "text": "Dinos de Saltillo (English: Saltillo Dinos) are an American football team based in Saltillo, Mexico. The Dinos compete in the Liga de Fútbol Americano Profesional, the top American football league in Mexico. The team plays its home games at the Estadio Francisco I. Madero. History The team was founded on 28 September 2016, in resemblance of the semi-professional team with the same name that played in the Mexican Master Football League from 1995 to 1996 in the city of Saltillo. The team participated in the Liga de Fútbol Americano Profesional for the first time in the 2017 season. Under head coach Guillermo Ruiz Burguete, the team finished with a 2–5 record, nevertheless, due to the competition system, Dinos still classified for playoffs and defeated Raptors for the North Division championship, classifying for the Tazón México in their first year in the league. The Dinos lost the Tazón México to the Mayas 18–24, played at the Estadio Jesús Martínez \"Palillo\" in Mexico City. A new coaching staff arrived to the team for the 2018 season, led by head coach Carlos Cabral. The Dinos had a 4–3 regular season record, qualifying to the playoffs for second consecutive season, this time as division leader. In a rematch of the 2017 game, Dinos lost 6–21 to Raptors in the Division Championship game. Javier Adame era (2019–present) In May 2018, Dinos signed Javier Adame as head coach, ahead of the 2019 season. Adame had previously worked as offensive line coordinator for the Dinos. From its inception until 2021, the Dinos played their home games at the Estadio Olímpico Francisco I. Madero. In 2022, due to an agreement between the Dinos and the baseball club Saraperos de Saltillo of the Mexican League, the team moved to the Estadio Francisco I. Madero. In the 2022 season, the Dinos had finished with the best record in the regular season. In the playoffs, Saltillo had faced Gallos Negros, who defeated them. Rivals Fundidores de Monterrey The Fundidores and the Dinos are from northern Mexico and divisional rivals since the establishment of the divisional system in the LFA in 2017. Besides that, the rivalry dates back to the times of the Liga Nacional de Futbol Americano (National American Football League) in the late 90s, when both cities (Saltillo and Monterrey) had fierce matches between their two teams: the Dinosaurios (Dinosaurs) and the Cerveceros (Brewers). The rivalry goes beyond the gridiron, since both teams fight season after season to get the best college players from Nuevo León and Coahuila. Raptors de Naucalpan The Raptors de Naucalpan and the Dinos play each season the so-called Jurassic Duel (Spanish: Duelo Jurásico). Due to these teams being two of the strongest in the league in recent years, this rivalry is considered amongst LFA's most important rivalries. Roster Staff Season-by-season Awards North Division Champions (1): (2017) References 2016 establishments in Mexico American football teams established in 2016 Saltillo Sports clubs and teams in Coahuila Liga de Fútbol Americano Profesional teams", "title": "Dinos de Saltillo" }, { "docid": "57419620", "text": "The 2018–19 Golden State Warriors season was the 73rd season of the franchise in the National Basketball Association (NBA), and its 57th in the San Francisco Bay Area. The Warriors entered the season as the two-time defending NBA champions, having won back-to-back NBA championships. The Warriors attempted their first \"three-peat\" in franchise history, but were defeated by the Toronto Raptors in the 2019 NBA Finals. This was the Warriors' final season at Oracle Arena in Oakland, before moving to the new Chase Center in San Francisco, beginning with the 2019–20 NBA season. The Warriors won the Pacific Division title and Western Conference Championship for the fifth consecutive season. They finished with the best record in the Western Conference, with a record of . Golden State made the playoffs for the seventh consecutive season, a new franchise record. The previous record was six, in the team's first six years of existence between 1947 and 1952. Golden State recorded 50 wins for the sixth consecutive season, a franchise record. In the postseason, the Warriors defeated the Los Angeles Clippers 4–2 in the first round, the Houston Rockets 4–2 in the Western Conference Semi-finals, and swept the Portland Trail Blazers 4–0 in the Western Conference finals. The Warriors' run ended in the NBA Finals, where they lost 4–2 to the Toronto Raptors. Golden State made their fifth consecutive Finals appearance and are the second team in NBA history to achieve this feat after the Boston Celtics made ten straight between 1957–1966. The Warriors playoff run was riddled with injuries, with DeMarcus Cousins (quadricep tear in the first round), Stephen Curry (dislocated finger in the semi-finals), Kevin Durant (calf strain in the semi-finals, ruptured achilles in the finals), Andre Iguodala (calf strain in the Western Conference finals), Klay Thompson (hamstring strain and a torn ACL in the finals), and Kevon Looney (fractured collar bone in the finals) all missing a combined total of 26 games. Thompson broke the NBA record for three-pointers made in a game with 14, surpassing the 13 made by teammate Curry in the 2016–17 season. Curry broke the NBA record for most three-pointers made in the playoffs with 470. The record was held by Ray Allen, who had 385. This season Curry also moved into third on the all-time career three-point scoring list with 2,483; only Allen and Reggie Miller having made more three-pointers during the regular season in NBA history. Curry, Durant, and Thompson were all named to the All-Star Game. Durant was named MVP of the game, the fourth time a Warrior player has won the award and first since 1967. Curry and Durant were named to the All-NBA Team. Green and Thompson were named to All-Defensive Team, it was Green's fifth consecutive selection which tied Nate Thurmond for the most selections in franchise history. With the addition of free agent DeMarcus Cousins in the off-season, the Warriors had five All-Stars on their roster that were named to the 2018 All-Star Game. This is the sixth time in", "title": "2018–19 Golden State Warriors season" }, { "docid": "57428091", "text": "The 2018–19 Philadelphia 76ers season was the 70th season of the franchise in the National Basketball Association (NBA). In the 2017–18 season, the 76ers were led by Joel Embiid, who played in his first All-Star Game, and 2018 Rookie of The Year Ben Simmons. During the season, the team made some major trades, In November, they traded Dario Saric, Robert Covington, Jerryd Bayless, and a 2022 second round pick, for Jimmy Butler and Justin Patton. Then just before the trade deadline, they acquired Tobias Harris, Boban Marjanovic and Mike Scott, in exchange for Landry Shamet, Wilson Chandler, Mike Muscala, the Sixers own 2020 first round pick, and the Miami Heat's unprotected first round pick in 2021 and two second round picks in 2021 and 2023. Finally, they traded Markelle Fultz to the Orlando Magic, for Jonathon Simmons, and a first and second round pick. The 76ers would win one less game then the previous season, going 51–31, and clinching the 3rd seed playoff spot for the second consecutive season. In the playoffs, the 76ers defeated the Brooklyn Nets in the first round in five games, but lost to the eventual NBA champion Toronto Raptors in the Eastern Conference semifinals in seven games due to a Kawhi Leonard buzzer beater in Game 7, which gave the Raptors a 92–90 victory. Draft picks Entering the 2018 NBA Draft, the 76ers had two first round picks and four second round pick. Their top selection was previously acquired through a three-way trade involving the Milwaukee Bucks and Phoenix Suns, with the Suns trading away the Los Angeles Lakers' selection (which was previously protected from 2015–2017 before ending up at #10) in exchange for Brandon Knight, while Philadelphia traded Michael Carter-Williams to Milwaukee, joining Tyler Ennis and Miles Plumlee. Their other first round pick would be their own selection, which rose up as high as #26 thanks to their 17-game winning streak ending the previous season. Philadelphia also acquired two straight selections in the second round at #38 & #39 through trades with the Brooklyn Nets and New York Knicks (for selections that were possibly going to be from the Cleveland Cavaliers and Los Angeles Clippers) respectively. Furthermore, the 76ers held two of the last five picks of the 2018 NBA Draft, with the #56 selection being their own and the last pick of the draft being from the Houston Rockets as a part of Houston's ultimate blockbuster trade to acquire Chris Paul from the Los Angeles Clippers. By the end of the night, their number of selection were cut in half. Originally, the 76ers selected local small forward Mikal Bridges from Villanova University with the #10 pick of the draft. However, the 76ers would trade Bridges to the Phoenix Suns (thereby returning that selection from their 2012 Steve Nash trade back to them) in exchange for the Miami Heat's unprotected 2021 first round pick and the 16th pick of the draft, which became shooting guard Zhaire Smith from Texas Tech University. Despite starting out", "title": "2018–19 Philadelphia 76ers season" }, { "docid": "57427930", "text": "The 2018–19 San Antonio Spurs season was the 52nd season in the history of the franchise, and was its 43rd in the National Basketball Association (NBA) and its 46th in the San Antonio area. The Spurs finished the season with a 48–34 record and earned the seventh seed in the Western Conference playoffs. The team broke an NBA record with its 22nd consecutive playoff appearance. In the first round of the playoffs, the Spurs lost to the Denver Nuggets in seven games. Since then, this season currently marks the last time the Spurs have made the playoffs. Season synopsis During the 2018 offseason, star forward Kawhi Leonard requested a trade. He and Danny Green were traded to the Toronto Raptors in exchange for DeMar DeRozan, Jakob Pöltl, and a 2019 protected first-round pick on July 18, 2018. The 2018–19 season was the first season since 2000–01 in which point guard Tony Parker was not on the team. After 17 years with the Spurs, he signed with the Charlotte Hornets in the off-season. It was also the first season since the 2001–02 season without Manu Ginóbili, who retired from the NBA on August 27, 2018, officially ending what was the Spurs' \"Big Three\" era. The departures of Parker, Danny Green, and Kawhi Leonard, and the retirement of Ginóbili, left Patty Mills as the longest-tenured Spur on the roster. Mills and Marco Belinelli were the last remaining players on the team who had played for the Spurs' 2014 championship team. On March 28, 2019, the Spurs retired Ginóbili's number 20 jersey. Draft Roster <noinclude> Standings Division Conference Game log Preseason \|- style=\"background:#bfb;\" \| 1 \| September 30 \| Miami \| 104–100 \| Rudy Gay (13) \| Jakob Pöltl (10) \| Patty Mills (4) \| AT&T Center17,024 \| 1–0 \|- style=\"background:#bfb;\" \| 2 \| October 5 \| Detroit \| 117–93 \| Dejounte Murray (16) \| Dejounte Murray (11) \| DeRozan, Forbes (3) \| AT&T Center18,121 \| 2–0 \|- style=\"background:#fcc;\" \| 3 \| October 7 \| Houston \| 93–108 \| DeMar DeRozan (22) \| LaMarcus Aldridge (7) \| DeMar DeRozan (5) \| AT&T Center18,326 \| 2–1 \|- style=\"background:#fcc;\" \| 4 \| October 10 \| @ Atlanta \| 127–130 \| Rudy Gay (28) \| White, Gasol, Pöltl (6) \| Pau Gasol (10) \| McCamish Pavilion7,433 \| 2–2 \|- style=\"background:#bfb;\" \| 5 \| October 12 \| @ Orlando \| 100–81 \| DeMar DeRozan (20) \| LaMarcus Aldridge (15) \| Aldridge, Gasol, Mills (4) \| Amway Center16,424 \| 3–2 Regular season \|- bgcolor=ccffcc \| 1 \| October 17 \| Minnesota \| \| DeMar DeRozan (28) \| LaMarcus Aldridge (19) \| Pau Gasol (6) \| AT&T Center18,354 \| 1–0 \|- bgcolor=ffcccc \| 2 \| October 20 \| @ Portland \| \| DeMar DeRozan (28) \| LaMarcus Aldridge (8) \| DeMar DeRozan (9) \| Moda Center19,461 \| 1–1 \|- bgcolor=ccffcc \| 3 \| October 22 \| @ L.A. Lakers \| \| LaMarcus Aldridge (37) \| Dante Cunningham (12) \| DeMar DeRozan (14) \| Staples Center18,997 \| 2–1 \|- bgcolor=ffcccc", "title": "2018–19 San Antonio Spurs season" } ]	[ { "docid": "2166498", "text": "Johan Petro (born January 27, 1986) is a French former professional basketball player of Guadeloupean descent, who last played for the Sioux Falls Skyforce of the NBA Development League. He was selected by the SuperSonics with the 25th overall pick in the 2005 NBA draft. He was a key member of the French junior national team and played at the INSEP. In 2004, he won the French League title with Pau-Orthez. Petro has also represented the French national basketball team. Professional career Seattle SuperSonics (2005–2009) Petro was selected with the 25th pick of the first round of the 2005 NBA draft by the Seattle SuperSonics. On March 30, 2007 Petro dropped a career high 22 points in a 120-93 victory over the Memphis Grizzlies. On March 5, 2008 Petro grabbed a career high 15 rebounds in a 106-118 loss to the Milwaukee Bucks. Unfortunately, the SuperSonics were not successful during this era as it was a stage of rebuilding the team after superstar Ray Allen left the team in 2007. Petro failed to make the playoffs with the SuperSonics, who later relocated to Oklahoma City and became the Oklahoma City Thunder in Petro's final season with the team during the 2008-2009 season. Denver Nuggets (2009–2010) On January 7, 2009, Petro was traded to the Denver Nuggets along with a 2009 second round pick in exchange for guard Chucky Atkins, a conditional 2009 first-round pick and cash considerations. The Nuggets declined Petro's team option, making him an unrestricted free agent. However, they resigned him on August 27, 2009. Petro was able to find team success with the Nuggets as Denver made the playoffs in 2009 and 2010 respectively. In the 2009 playoffs the Nuggets made it far, defeating the New Orleans Hornets and Dallas Mavericks in 5 games each in the first and second round, reaching the Western Conference Finals for the first time since 1985. They faced the Los Angeles Lakers led by Kobe Bryant, and fell to the Lakers in 6 games. That was the farthest Petro reached in the playoffs in his NBA career. The Nuggets reached the playoffs again in 2010 however they were disappointingly defeated in the first round by the Utah Jazz. New Jersey Nets (2010–2012) On July 10, 2010, the New Jersey Nets signed Petro to a three-year deal worth $10 million, reported by Yahoo! Sports. Unfortunately the Nets were also facing a rebuild era just like with the SuperSonics/Thunder in the late 2000's, so Petro didn't reach the playoffs with the team. On April 26, 2012, Petro scored the final ever points of the New Jersey Nets against the Toronto Raptors at Air Canada Centre. Atlanta Hawks (2012–2013) On July 11, 2012, the Nets traded Petro, Jordan Farmar, Jordan Williams, Anthony Morrow, and DeShawn Stevenson to the Atlanta Hawks for Joe Johnson. 2013–present In August 2013, he agreed to a one-year deal with Zhejiang Guangsha. He left them in January 2014. In February 2014, he returned to France and signed with Limoges CSP.", "title": "Johan Petro" }, { "docid": "11894714", "text": "The East Coast Super League (ECSL), is an ice hockey league in New South Wales, Australia. The league was formed in 2002 by New South Wales Ice Hockey's amalgamation of the former Junior and Senior A leagues. It is Australia's second highest level of ice hockey, and acts as a bridge between junior leagues and the AIHL. Five of the teams are based in Sydney and one is based in Newcastle. History The East Coast Super League (ECSL) was formed in 2002 by New South Wales Ice Hockey following the amalgamation of the former Junior and Senior A leagues. The league started with four clubs, with the Raptors winning the inaugural title. The 2003 ECSL finals were won by the Sydney Heat and in 2004 the Raptors won their second title. In 2005 the ECSL expanded to six clubs and also marked the first expansion outside of Sydney, with the Australian Ice Hockey League's (AIHL) Newcastle North Stars entering a farm team into the competition. The North Stars went on to win in their debut season and won again in 2007, with the Ice Breakers winning the 2006 ECSL final in between the North Stars two years of titles. After expanding in 2006 the league dropped back down to four teams with two teams leaving the league including the previous ECSL champions the Raptors. The Ice Breakers won their second title in 2008 and in 2009 the Sting won the first ECSL final. The 2009 season also saw the Penrith Raptors enter the league, taking on the name of the previous Raptors club. In 2010 the Central Coast Rhinos entered the league after leaving the AIHL before the start of the 2009 season. They finished the regular season in first place however were knocked out of the playoffs in the semifinal round, with the Penrith Raptors going on to win the 2010 playoffs. The Rhinos and Ice Breakers both left the league at the end of the season and were replaced by the Vipers and Reach Rebels respectively for the 2011 season. The Rebels won the finals in their debut season and in 2012 the North Stars won their third title. In 2013 the Sting won the playoffs, their first since 2009. The Vipers folded at the end of the 2013 season and were replaced by the Blueline Bombers for the start of the 2014 season. The 2014 regular season was won by the Reach Rebels who also went on to win the playoffs, defeating the Sting two games to one. The Rebels claimed back to back regular season titles, finishing the 2015 season in first place with 31 points. The Rebels advanced to the grand final series after defeating the Penrith Raptors in the semifinals and faced off against the Sting who had beat the Newcastle North Stars in their semifinal. The Sting went on to defeat the Rebels in two games, claiming their third Championship title. In February 2016 it was announced that the Sydney Heat had folded", "title": "East Coast Super League" }, { "docid": "2742986", "text": "The 1999–2000 NBA season was the 54th season of the National Basketball Association. The season began on November 2, 1999, and ended with the Los Angeles Lakers winning the NBA championship, beating the Indiana Pacers 4 games to 2 in the 2000 NBA Finals. Notable occurrences Effective this season, the first game of the NBA regular season begins on either the first Tuesday of November or the last Tuesday of October, and the last game on the third Wednesday of April. The NBA playoffs begin on the third Saturday of April. Hall of Famer Wilt Chamberlain died on October 12, 1999, at 63. Wilt's former teams, the Lakers, Sixers, and Warriors honored him by sporting black patches for the rest of the season. The Boston Celtics officially retired their trademark parquet floor on December 22, 1999, after 54 years. The floor would be replaced by a replica combining elements of the old floor and new wooden sections. Two active players were killed in automobile accidents within four months of each other. On January 12, Bobby Phills of the Charlotte Hornets was killed as a result of reckless driving while racing against teammate David Wesley. Phills would have his jersey retired during the season after news of his unexpected death was announced. On May 20, Malik Sealy of the Minnesota Timberwolves was driving home from a birthday party being held for Kevin Garnett when his SUV was struck by a drunk driver who had been driving on the wrong side of the road. Sealy would have his jersey retired on November 4, 2000. The Lakers would also go on to win 19 consecutive games between February 4, 2000, and March 16, 2000, the sixth-longest winning streak in NBA history. The 2000 NBA All-Star Game was held in Oakland, California. The West won 137–126. Tim Duncan from the San Antonio Spurs and Shaquille O'Neal from the Los Angeles Lakers shared the game's MVP honors. The Slam Dunk Contest returned after a two-year absence, with Vince Carter winning the title in what is considered to be the best Dunk Contest performance of all time. San Antonio Spurs forward Sean Elliott was sidelined for most of the season while undergoing kidney transplant operations. He successfully returned on March 13, becoming the first player to return following kidney transplant. Staples Center's first season saw its tenants at two opposite ends of the league: the Lakers finished with a best regular season record of 67–15 and the NBA title, while the Clippers finished 15–67, the worst of the season. The Toronto Raptors also made the playoffs for the first time, becoming the first Canadian team to do so. 36-year-old Houston Rockets forward Charles Barkley suffered a devastating injury early in the season but returned for a final game before retiring. The season marked Patrick Ewing's last in a New York Knicks uniform. He was traded during the 2000 offseason to the Seattle SuperSonics in a four-team deal. Doc Rivers became the first recipient of the NBA", "title": "1999–2000 NBA season" }, { "docid": "5085374", "text": "The 2002 NBA playoffs were the postseason tournament of the National Basketball Association's 2001–02 season. This was the final postseason that held a best-of-5 first-round series; the 2003 NBA playoffs saw those series expand to a best-of-7 format. The tournament concluded with the Western Conference champion Los Angeles Lakers defeating the Eastern Conference champion New Jersey Nets 4 games to 0 in the 2002 NBA Finals.Shaquille O'Neal was named NBA Finals MVP for the third straight year. The 2002 playoffs are best remembered for that year's Western Conference Finals between the two-time defending champion Los Angeles Lakers and the Sacramento Kings. The matchup between the Lakers and Kings is regarded as one of the most controversial playoff series in NBA history. At the time, there was widespread criticism of the officiating as favoring the Lakers, especially in Game 6. Several years later, disgraced referee Tim Donaghy accused the Game 6 officiating crew of fixing the game, at the behest of the NBA's front office. Overview The 2002 NBA Playoffs marked the return of the Boston Celtics, who had last made the playoffs in 1995. In addition, the New Jersey Nets returned to the playoffs for the first time since 1998. This also marked the last appearance of the Charlotte Hornets in the playoffs until 2010. The Hornets moved the next year to New Orleans, while an expansion team, formerly the Bobcats, was formed in 2004. The Hornets were renamed the Pelicans in 2013, after which the Bobcats reclaimed the Hornets name in 2014. The Hornets also reclaimed the history and records of the 1988–2002 Charlotte teams. In addition, this also marked the last time NBC and TBS aired NBA games as regular TV partners of the league. The New York Knicks missed the playoffs for the first time in 15 years, while the Miami Heat missed the playoffs for the first time since 1995. With that, Pat Riley missed the playoffs for the first time in his coaching career. Also the Phoenix Suns missed the playoffs for the first time since 1988. With their first round series win over the Philadelphia 76ers, the Boston Celtics won their first playoff series since 1992. With their first round series win over the Toronto Raptors, the Detroit Pistons won their first playoff series since 1991. With their first round series win over the Indiana Pacers, the New Jersey Nets won a playoff series for the first time since 1984. Game 4 of the Nets–Hornets series was the final playoff game ever played at Charlotte Coliseum. Game 5 of the Lakers–Spurs series was the last NBA game aired on TBS. With their conference semifinals victory over the Charlotte Hornets, the New Jersey Nets made the Eastern Conference Finals for the first time in franchise history. It also marked the first time the Nets won a best of seven playoff series in franchise history. With their conference semifinals victory over the Detroit Pistons, the Boston Celtics made their first Eastern Conference Finals appearance since 1988.", "title": "2002 NBA playoffs" }, { "docid": "42892230", "text": "The 2014–15 Toronto Raptors season was the 20th season of the franchise in the National Basketball Association (NBA). In honor of the Raptors 20th season, they revealed the throwback purple \"dino\" jerseys to wear on several nights. The Raptors repeated as Atlantic Division champions for the first time in franchise history, and finished in fourth place in Eastern conference, winning 49 games during the regular season, breaking their franchise record of 48 wins in the previous season. Despite this achievement, the fourth-seeded Raptors were unexpectedly swept in the opening round of the playoffs by the fifth-seeded Washington Wizards as they extended their post-season series victory drought. Their all-time playoff series record dipped to one and seven, now having lost their last six consecutive series, and their lone series win coming in 2001 against the Knicks. This year's defeat was primarily blamed on the team's poor defense which was notably exploited by the Wizards. Draft picks Regular season The Raptors took advantage of a favourable early schedule to reach the top spot in the Eastern Conference for the first time in franchise history as well as having the best start in franchise history with a 9–2 record. They briefly fell back to second after a loss to the Chicago Bulls, but regained the number one position one game later, which was followed by six-game winning streak. The Raptors remained as Eastern Conference leaders, but on November 28, 2014, the Raptors not only lost their position as NBA-leaders in a 106–102 loss to the Dallas Mavericks that dropped them to a 13–3 record but also faced a major setback when All-Star DeMar DeRozan tore his left adductor longus tendon in the third quarter of the game. This was followed by another loss to the Los Angeles Lakers in overtime two nights later when Kobe Bryant recorded his first triple double of the season defeating the Raptors 129–122. The Raptors also fell to the Cleveland Cavaliers in back-to-back games before entering a six-game winning streak without DeRozan. However, things began to fall apart after a six-game road trip during the winter holidays where they lost 4 of those 6 games as poor defense led to a 2–8 record in their first ten games in January. The downfall dropped the team from first place to the Atlanta Hawks and found themselves battling for second with the Washington Wizards as DeRozan returned to the lineup on January 14. On January 22, Kyle Lowry was named as a starter for the 2015 NBA All-Star Game after a last-minute voting rally by fans with help by Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper and celebrity Justin Bieber (who tweeted his support on Twitter but failed to include '#NBAballot' in his tweet) helped Lowry overtake Dwyane Wade who was second in the backcourt votes. This makes him the third Raptor to start in the all-star game after Chris Bosh and Vince Carter. The Raptors ended the month of January on a positive note with a six-game winning streak which included", "title": "2014–15 Toronto Raptors season" }, { "docid": "2742792", "text": "The 2000–01 NBA season was the 55th season of the National Basketball Association. The season ended with the Los Angeles Lakers winning their second straight championship, beating the Philadelphia 76ers 4 games to 1 in the 2001 NBA Finals. Notable occurrences The NBA All-Star Game was held at the MCI Center in Washington, D.C.. The East won 111–110, with Philadelphia's Allen Iverson being named the game's Most Valuable Player. The game is noted for the Eastern Conference's 21-point comeback in the fourth quarter. The Grizzlies play their final season in Vancouver, British Columbia before relocating to Memphis, Tennessee for the following season leaving the Toronto Raptors as the only Canadian team left in the NBA. Rick Pitino resigned as head coach and president of the Boston Celtics, ending a three-plus-year tenure filled with turmoil, disappointment and three consecutive below .500, non-playoff seasons. The Dallas Mavericks played their final season at Reunion Arena. They also made the playoffs for the first time since the 1989–90 season. They also made it past the first round for the first time since the 1987–88 season. The Los Angeles Lakers win their second straight title by going 15–1 in the playoffs, then the best playoff winning percentage in NBA history (later surpassed by the 2017 Golden State Warriors). The Toronto Raptors advanced to the second round of the NBA playoffs for the first time in franchise history, defeating the New York Knicks three games to two. The Raptors would eventually lose in the second round to the Philadelphia 76ers four games to three. Prior to the season, Miami Heat center Alonzo Mourning announced that he suffered a kidney disorder and missed the first five months of the season. Mourning would receive a kidney transplant two years later. This was the last time a team with the best regular season record did not win 60 or more games in a full 82-game season until 2023. The San Antonio Spurs finished with the league's best record at 58–24. Though the 2011–12 Chicago Bulls and the 2011–12 San Antonio Spurs each won 50 games and the top conference seeds, they did so during a 66-game lockout-shortened regular season. Effective of this season, the league now permitted players to wear knee-length shorts by default, although players like John Stockton opted to continue wearing short shorts during the season. This would be the case for other players in the future as players like Chris Douglas-Roberts in the 2014–15 season and LeBron James for some of the 2015–16 season would opt to wear short shorts. Three teams in the Western Conference who missed the playoffs won 40 or more games. The ninth-placed Houston Rockets finished the season with a 45–37 record, the tenth-placed Seattle SuperSonics finished with a 44–38 record, and the eleventh-placed Denver Nuggets ended the season with a 40–42 record. 2000–01 NBA changes The Los Angeles Clippers changed their uniforms, added side panels to their jerseys and shorts. The New Jersey Nets slightly changed their alternate uniforms. The Orlando", "title": "2000–01 NBA season" }, { "docid": "2738802", "text": "The 2001–02 NBA season was the 56th season of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The season ended with the Los Angeles Lakers winning their third straight championship, beating the New Jersey Nets 4–0 in the 2002 NBA Finals. Notable occurrences Kwame Brown became the first high school player to be drafted first overall when the Washington Wizards drafted him in the 2001 NBA draft. The Grizzlies relocated from Vancouver, British Columbia to Memphis, Tennessee. They played their first three seasons at The Pyramid in Memphis. The 2002 NBA All-Star Game was held at First Union Center in Philadelphia. Kobe Bryant of the Lakers took MVP honors amidst boos from the Philadelphia fans following a 135–120 victory by the West. Philadelphia was originally slated to host the 1999 All-Star Game, but was awarded the 2002 game instead due to the 1999 lockout. Prior to the start of the season, NBA and Chicago Bulls guard Michael Jordan, then part-owner of the Washington Wizards, announced his second comeback to the NBA, this time with the Wizards. The announcement was delayed due to the September 11 attacks. The Dallas Mavericks played their first game at the American Airlines Center, not to be confused with the American Airlines Arena (now Kaseya Center) in Miami, Florida. This was the last season that both NBC and TBS televised NBA games. NBA teams wore patches on their jerseys with the American flag and a red-white-and-blue ribbon, in honor of the victims of the September 11 attacks. The Raptors wore the American and Canadian flags on their jerseys. The only Canadian team left in the NBA, the Toronto Raptors, after losing seventeen of eighteen to drop to 30–38, won twelve of their last fourteen to finish at 42–40 and go to the NBA playoffs as the seventh seed in the East. The New Jersey Nets, who had never won fifty games in a season and had only been to the second round of the playoffs once, won 52 games to reach the Finals. 2001–02 is one of the most memorable seasons in the history of the Milwaukee Bucks. The team got off to a division-leading 26–13 start, and were 10 games over .500 as late as March 6. However, the Bucks lost 16 of their last 22 games and missed the playoffs, one of the biggest late-season collapses for a team that was contending for a division title in March. For the first time since 1985–86, no team won fewer than twenty games. The Chicago Bulls and Golden State Warriors shared the league's worst record of 21–61. This had however previously occurred during every season between 1973–74 and 1978–79 and again from 1983–84 to 1985–86. Former All-Star Jayson Williams was charged with the murder of his limousine driver on February 14. He was immediately fired from his spot on NBC's Verizon Wireless at the Half shortly after appearing on TV during the All-Star Game the previous week. Marv Albert and Mike Fratello were involved in a limousine crash prior", "title": "2001–02 NBA season" }, { "docid": "73797037", "text": "The 2023–24 Toronto Raptors season was the 29th season for the franchise in the National Basketball Association (NBA). On April 21, 2023, the Raptors fired head coach Nick Nurse after five seasons with the team. On June 13, 2023, the Raptors hired Darko Rajaković as their head coach. Near the end of the 2023 calender year, on December 30, the Toronto Raptors not only agreed to trade OG Anunoby, Precious Achiuwa, and Malachi Flynn to the New York Knicks for RJ Barrett, Immanuel Quickley, and a 2024 second round pick from the Detroit Pistons, but also ended up being the team to end the Pistons' record-holding 28-game losing streak for the regular season with a 129–127 loss on the road. On January 17, 2024, the Raptors traded star player Pascal Siakam to the Indiana Pacers for Bruce Brown, Jordan Nwora, Kira Lewis Jr. and 3 first-round picks. Following a loss to the Denver Nuggets on March 11, 2024, the Raptors failed to improve on their 41–41 record from the previous season during which they failed to make the playoffs after being eliminated in a play-in game by the Bulls. They sealed their 2nd losing season in the last decade and first in a full 82 game season since the 2012-13 season. After a loss to the New York Knicks and an Atlanta Hawks win over the Portland Trail Blazers on March 27, the Toronto Raptors were eliminated from playoff contention for the 2nd consecutive season. Draft The Raptors entered this draft with a first round pick. Roster Standings Division Conference Notes z – Clinched home court advantage for the entire playoffs c – Clinched home court advantage for the conference playoffs y – Clinched division title x – Clinched playoff spot pi – Clinched play-in tournament spot * – Division leader o – Eliminated from postseason contention Game log Preseason \|-style=\"background:#cfc \| 1 \| October 8 \| Sacramento \| \| Gary Trent Jr. (22) \| Scottie Barnes (7) \| Flynn, Schröder (5) \| Rogers Arena18,654 \| 1–0 \|-style=\"background:#cfc \| 2 \| October 15 \| Cairns \| \| Javon Freeman-Liberty (15) \| Chris Boucher (8) \| Pascal Siakam (5) \| Scotiabank Arena18,141 \| 2–0 \|-style=\"background:#cfc \| 3 \| October 17 \| @ Chicago \| \| Pascal Siakam (22) \| Malachi Flynn (7) \| Schröder, Trent Jr. (4) \| United Center15,815 \| 3–0 \|-style=\"background:#cfc \| 4 \| October 20 \| Washington \| \| Scottie Barnes (23) \| Jakob Pöltl (9) \| Dennis Schröder (11) \| Scotiabank Arena18,426 \| 4–0 Regular season This became the first regular season where all the NBA teams competed in a mid-season tournament setting due to the implementation of the 2023 NBA In-Season Tournament. \|- style=\"background:#cfc\" \| 1 \| October 25 \| Minnesota \| \| Dennis Schröder (22) \| Jakob Pöltl (11) \| Dennis Schröder (7) \| Scotiabank Arena19,800 \| 1–0 \|- style=\"background:#fcc\" \| 2 \| October 27 \| @ Chicago \| \| Scottie Barnes (22) \| Scottie Barnes (10) \| Barnes, Schröder (10) \| United Center19,555 \|", "title": "2023–24 Toronto Raptors season" }, { "docid": "60314752", "text": "The 2020 NBA playoffs was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball Association's 2019–20 season. The playoffs were originally scheduled to begin on April 18. However, the league suspended the season on March 11, 2020, hours after the COVID-19 outbreak was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization and after Utah Jazz center Rudy Gobert tested positive for the virus. On June 4, the NBA Board of Governors approved a plan to restart the season on July 31 in the NBA Bubble. This proposal was then approved by members of the National Basketball Players Association on June 5. Under this plan, the 22 top teams in the league at the time of the suspension (all the teams who had a mathematical chance at making the playoffs under the 82-game season) played eight additional regular season games to determine playoff seeding, with 16 of those teams playing in a conventional postseason tournament. If the ninth seed within a conference would have finished the regular season within four games of the eighth seed, they would have then competed in a play–in series. The last time a play-in game was played to determine a playoff spot was in 1956. As part of the bubble, all playoff games were held at the ESPN Wide World of Sports Complex inside Walt Disney World in Bay Lake, Florida. All three games that were scheduled to take place on August 26 were postponed by a wildcat strike, in response to the shooting of Jacob Blake in Kenosha, Wisconsin, with the Milwaukee Bucks being the first team not to take the court prior to their game five matchup against the Orlando Magic. The games on August 27 and 28 were also postponed, with games resuming on August 29. The Toronto Raptors were defending champions, but lost in the Eastern Conference semifinals round to the Boston Celtics. None of the teams that made it to the conference finals in the 2019 NBA playoffs made the conference finals in 2020. These were the first playoffs since 1997 without the San Antonio Spurs, as they were eliminated from playoff contention on August 14, 2020, ending what was then the longest active playoff streak in the NBA and in the four major sports leagues in North America. Overview Western Conference The Houston Rockets entered their eighth consecutive postseason. The Portland Trail Blazers entered their seventh consecutive postseason. They also became the first Western Conference team since 1997 to qualify for the playoffs despite posting a losing record. The Los Angeles Lakers made the playoffs for the first time in seven years. The Dallas Mavericks made the playoffs for the first time in four years. The Golden State Warriors missed the playoffs for the first time in eight years. Despite being invited to the bubble, the San Antonio Spurs missed the playoffs for the first time in twenty-three years. This was only the fifth time since the merger that the Spurs missed the playoffs. Despite the Phoenix Suns going a perfect 8–0", "title": "2020 NBA playoffs" }, { "docid": "914163", "text": "Rafer Jamel Alston (born July 24, 1976), also known as Skip to my Lou or Skip 2 My Lou, is an American retired professional basketball player. Alston first gained basketball fame playing in the AND1 Mixtape Tour in 1999 before joining the National Basketball Association (NBA) with the Milwaukee Bucks. While in the NBA from 1999 to 2010, he played for six teams, including the 2008–09 Orlando Magic team that made the NBA Finals. Streetball legend Alston grew up in the Jamaica neighborhood of Queens, New York City, and was a standout streetball basketball player, known for his untraditional ballhandling moves that made him adept at outmaneuvering defenders. He was the inspiration in many ways for the AND1 Mixtape Tour—a low-quality, jerky 1999 videotape of Alston's extreme playground moves, featuring helter-skelter crossover and other fast dribble moves faking out defenders, attracted a great deal of attention among players and basketball fans. His trademark skipping dribble when bringing the ball down the court earned him the nickname, Skip to My Lou. He also played under well-known high school coach Ron Naclerio at Benjamin Cardozo High School in Queens, New York. Naclerio is credited with circulating the Alston tape and getting it in the hands of AND1 staff. College career Alston played college basketball for three seasons: one each at Ventura College (1994–95), Fresno City College (1996–97), and then for Jerry Tarkanian at Fresno State (1997–98). Alston was red-shirted at Fresno City College for the 1995–96 season. Professional career Milwaukee Bucks (1999–2002) Alston struggled early in his NBA career, but successfully transitioned from streetball to the professional game. He played off the bench for most of the time he was with the Bucks. On November 17, 2001, when filling in for Sam Cassell, Alston led the Bucks to a 104–93 win over the Utah Jazz with 14 points and 10 assists. Toronto Raptors (2003) Alston signed with the Golden State Warriors in 2002, but was waived in October before the season began. On January 17, 2003, he signed with the Toronto Raptors. He played in 47 games, averaged about 21 minutes per game, and averaged 7.8 points per game. Miami Heat (2003–2004) Following his tenure with the Raptors, Alston emerged as a starter for the Miami Heat in 2004. He did not disappoint, averaging 12 points and 4 assists on a young Miami team, led by rookie guard Dwyane Wade, that made it to the Eastern Conference Semi-Finals of the 2004 NBA Playoffs. During that season, in a March 26 game against the Dallas Mavericks, he hit a game-winning shot in overtime with 0.5 seconds left over the outstretched arms of Shawn Bradley to catapult Miami to a 119–118 victory. Return to Toronto (2004–2005) Alston would sign a multi-year deal with the Toronto Raptors in the summer of 2004. In the 2004–2005 season, he played nearly all games that season (80), averaged about 34 minutes per game, and had his best point per game average (14.2) in his career. Houston Rockets (2005–2008)", "title": "Rafer Alston" }, { "docid": "65893710", "text": "The 2020–21 Toronto Raptors season was the 26th season of the franchise in the National Basketball Association (NBA). The 2019–20 Raptors finished the season with a 53–19 record (in a shortened season due to the COVID-19 pandemic), and lost in the Conference Semifinals to the Boston Celtics. For the season, the Raptors played a shortened 72-game season, as the season start was delayed until December. The Raptors needed a temporary home arena as a result of travel restrictions placed by the Canadian government due to the COVID-19 pandemic. On November 20, the Raptors announced that they would be beginning the 2020–21 season at Amalie Arena in Tampa, Florida, (the home of the National Hockey League's Tampa Bay Lightning); they also considered the Bridgestone Arena in Nashville (home of the Nashville Predators), the KeyBank Center in Buffalo (home of the Buffalo Sabres), the T-Mobile Center in Kansas City, the Prudential Center in Newark (home of the New Jersey Devils), or the KFC Yum! Center in Louisville (home of the Louisville Cardinals). This would be the first season since 1995 (prior to the expansion of the Raptors and Vancouver Grizzlies) not to have NBA regular-season games played in Canada following the Raptors' announcement on February 11, 2021 that they will finish the 2020–21 season in Tampa, as a result of further border restrictions. It was also the first time since 2007 an NBA team has been temporarily displaced from their home city since the New Orleans Hornets were relocated to Oklahoma City due to the damage inflicted by Hurricane Katrina on stadiums in 2005. With a few exceptions, the Raptors played home games behind closed doors for the duration of the season. As with the Toronto Blue Jays (and unlike the Hornets) the Raptors did not change their geographical name on account of their temporary re-location. The Raptors struggled with injuries throughout the season. On May 10, the Raptors were eliminated from playoff contention, ending their seven-year playoff streak and suffered their worst record since the 2011–12 season. This was the first season under Nurse where the Raptors missed the playoffs. This was the final season as a Raptor for longtime point guard and six-time NBA All-Star Kyle Lowry, who signed with the Miami Heat in August 2021. Draft The Raptors held one first-round pick and one second-round pick in the draft. Because the Raptors had the second-best record in the league, their selections were made at 29th in the first and second round, respectively. With the 29th pick, they selected Malachi Flynn. With the 59th pick, they selected Jalen Harris. Roster Standings Division Conference Notes z – Clinched home court advantage for the entire playoffs c – Clinched home court advantage for the conference playoffs y – Clinched division title x – Clinched playoff spot pb – Clinched play-in spot o – Eliminated from playoff contention * – Division leader Record vs opponents (* game decided in overtime) Game log Preseason \|- style=\"background:#cfc;\" \| 1 \| December 12 \| @ Charlotte", "title": "2020–21 Toronto Raptors season" }, { "docid": "48273036", "text": "The 2016 NBA playoffs was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball Association (NBA)'s 2015–16 season. The tournament ended with the Eastern Conference champion Cleveland Cavaliers defeating the defending NBA champion and Western Conference champion Golden State Warriors 4 games to 3 after the Warriors led the series 3 games to 1. In the NBA Finals, LeBron James was named NBA Finals MVP. The Cavaliers swept their first two series and won the first two games of the Eastern Conference Finals against the Raptors to become the fourth team in NBA history to open a post-season with 10 straight victories. They matched the 2012 San Antonio Spurs, though the 1989 and 2001 Western Conference Los Angeles Lakers had won their first eleven games en route to sweeping the first three rounds of those playoffs. Cleveland wound up repeating this feat the next year when they swept the conference opening round, semifinal round, and winning the first 2 conference final games; this feat would be surpassed in those same 2017 NBA playoffs, when the Golden State Warriors won 15 straight games. Overview Western Conference The Golden State Warriors entered the playoffs with the best regular-season record in NBA history. The Warriors won 73 games, breaking the previous record of 72 wins set by the Chicago Bulls in the 1995–96 season. Golden State appeared in their fourth consecutive postseason for the first time since making six straight appearances from 1947–52. However, they lost to the Cleveland Cavaliers in the NBA Finals. The Oklahoma City Thunder returned to the postseason after a one season absence. The San Antonio Spurs finished just six games behind the Warriors for the best record in the NBA, entering their 19th consecutive postseason, having just one home loss in the regular season, setting a new single-season franchise record for wins. The Spurs' 40–1 home record equaled the feat set by the 1985–86 Boston Celtics. However, they lost in the Conference Semifinals to the Oklahoma City Thunder. Eastern Conference The Toronto Raptors also finished with a franchise record for single-season victories, winning 56 games. They finished one game shy of the Cleveland Cavaliers for the best record in the Eastern Conference. However, they lost to the Cleveland Cavaliers in the Conference Finals. The Detroit Pistons qualified for the playoffs for the first time since 2009. The Miami Heat, Charlotte Hornets, and Indiana Pacers returned to the playoffs after a one-season absence. For the first time since 1999, all teams from the Eastern Conference finished with a better record against at least one team from the Western Conference. In addition, all Eastern Conference teams finished with records over .500 for the first time since 2012. First Round Game 4 between the Cavaliers and the Pistons was the last playoff game played at the Palace of Auburn Hills, as well as the last major league postseason game played in Oakland County. The Pistons missed the playoffs the next year and moved to their new arena for the 2017–18 season. Game 7", "title": "2016 NBA playoffs" }, { "docid": "11961849", "text": "The 2007–08 Orlando Magic season was their 19th season in the National Basketball Association. Led by 22-year-old center Dwight Howard, the Magic finished the season with a 52–30 record, finishing first-place in the Southeast Division and advancing to the Eastern Conference Semi-finals where they were eliminated by the Detroit Pistons in 5 games. The Magic had the fourth best team offensive rating in the NBA. In the playoffs, the Magic defeated the Toronto Raptors in the first round in five games before losing to the Detroit Pistons in the Semi-finals in five games. This marked the first time since 1996 that the Magic made it to the Semifinals of the playoffs. As from 1997 - 2007, they either were eliminated in the first round or didn't make the playoffs at all. Key dates June 6: The Magic hire Stan Van Gundy as head coach, days after Billy Donovan was signed as head coach and released due to a change of heart from Donovan. June 28: The 2007 NBA draft took place in New York City. July 1: The free agency period began. July 11: The Magic acquired Rashard Lewis from the Seattle SuperSonics. September 29: The Magic opened their training camp at the RDV Sportsplex in Maitland, Florida. October 31: The Magic's season began with a game against the Milwaukee Bucks. March 5: The Magic matched the same number of wins as the previous season by defeating the Washington Wizards. March 12: The Magic were assured a winning season after defeating the Los Angeles Clippers. March 15: The Magic clinched a playoff berth with a win over the Indiana Pacers. March 28: The Magic broke the franchise's previous record of road wins in a season by defeating the Milwaukee Bucks, the Magic's 24th win of the season away from home. March 31: Because of a loss by the Washington Wizards, the Magic clinched the Southeast Division title. April 16: The Magic played their last game of the regular season. April 28: The Magic won their first playoff series in 12 years by defeating the Toronto Raptors 4 games to 1. May 13: The Magic were eliminated from the playoffs, losing to the Detroit Pistons 4 games to 1 in the Eastern Conference Semi-finals. Offseason Billy Donovan was signed as head coach of the Magic on June 1 agreeing to a 5-year, $27.5 million deal with the team., to replace recently fired Magic head coach Brian Hill. Donovan had previously led the University of Florida basketball team to back to back NCAA National Championships in 2006 and 2007. One day later however, Donovan had second thoughts about becoming head coach of the Magic, and wished to be released from his contract to return to his former team, the Florida Gators Men's basketball team. On June 5, the Magic released Donovan from his 5-year contract, under the condition that he would not be allowed to sign as head coach of another NBA team for five years. One day later, the Magic signed", "title": "2007–08 Orlando Magic season" }, { "docid": "40790443", "text": "The 2013–14 Toronto Raptors season is the 19th season of the franchise in the National Basketball Association (NBA). In the offseason, they traded Andrea Bargnani away to the New York Knicks for a 2016 first-round draft pick, a 2014 second-round draft pick, a 2017 second-round draft pick, Steve Novak, Quentin Richardson and Marcus Camby. The Raptors were not expected to make the 2014 playoffs however, with a weak Atlantic Division they found themselves as contenders for the Atlantic Division title despite an early losing record. On December 9, 2013 the Raptors traded Rudy Gay, Quincy Acy, and Aaron Gray to the Sacramento Kings for John Salmons, Greivis Vásquez, Patrick Patterson, and Chuck Hayes. The Rudy Gay trade was marked as a turning point for the Raptors as they went on a 10-2 run from a 6-12 record maintaining their division lead and finishing the season with a 48-34 record, their best in franchise history at that time, qualifying for the playoffs for the first time since 2008. The record consisted of a 26-15 home record, their best since 2001, and a 22-19 road record, their best in franchise history at that time. They also clinched the Atlantic Division title and the No. 3 seed for the first time since 2007. However, the Raptors were eliminated by the Brooklyn Nets led by Paul Pierce and Kevin Garnett in an intense seven game first round series. Key dates June 27: The 2013 NBA draft took place at the Barclays Center in Brooklyn, New York, however the Raptors did not have any selections to make. Pre-season \|- style=\"background:#cfc;\" \| 1 \| October 7 \| @ Boston \| \| Gay & Hansbrough (17) \| Jonas Valančiūnas (10) \| Kyle Lowry (5) \| TD Garden (16,424) \| 1–0 \|- style=\"background:#fcc;\" \| 2 \| October 9 \| Minnesota \| \| DeMar DeRozan (17) \| Tyler Hansbrough (7) \| Kyle Lowry (4) \| Air Canada Centre (17,261) \| 1–1 \|- style=\"background:#cfc;\" \| 3 \| October 11 \| New York \| \| DeMar DeRozan (20) \| Rudy Gay (6) \| DeRozan & Buycks (2) \| Air Canada Centre (15,357) \| 2–1 \|- style=\"background:#cfc;\" \| 4 \| October 12 \| @ Minnesota \| \| Austin Daye (12) \| Amir Johnson (7) \| Dwight Buycks (7) \| Target Center (10,106) \| 3–1 \|- style=\"background:#cfc;\" \| 5 \| October 16 \| Boston \| \| Terrence Ross (19) \| Quincy Acy (8) \| Dwight Buycks (5) \| Air Canada Centre (13,331) \| 4–1 \|- style=\"background:#cfc;\" \| 6 \| October 21 \| New York \| \| Terrence Ross (27) \| Jonas Valančiūnas (9) \| Gay, Valančiūnas, Lowry, Fields, Buycks, Stone (3) \| Air Canada Centre (15,701) \| 5–1 \|- style=\"background:#cfc;\" \| 7 \| October 23 \| Memphis \| \| DeMar DeRozan (21) \| Jonas Valančiūnas (9) \| Kyle Lowry (10) \| Air Canada Centre (14,421) \| 6–1 \|- style=\"background:#fcc;\" \| 8 \| October 25 \| @ Milwaukee \| \| Rudy Gay (6) \| D. J. Augustin (2) \| DeMar DeRozan (1) \| BMO", "title": "2013–14 Toronto Raptors season" }, { "docid": "10812293", "text": "The Toronto Raptors 2006–07 season was the twelfth National Basketball Association (NBA) season for the Toronto Raptors basketball franchise. Following a poor 2005–06 season, General Manager Bryan Colangelo greatly revamped the team roster during the pre-season but continued to build the team around All-Star Chris Bosh. Despite a sluggish start, the 2006–07 season transformed into a watershed year for Toronto. The Raptors captured their first division title, finished third in the Eastern Conference, made the playoffs for the first time in five years, equalled their best ever regular season record (47–35) of the 2000–01 team (a franchise record eventually surpassed by the 2014–15 team that won 49 games and the 2017–18 team that won 59 games), and secured home court advantage for the first time in franchise history. However, the Raptors met the New Jersey Nets in the first round of the playoffs and were defeated four games to two. At the end of the regular season, head coach Sam Mitchell and Colangelo were named NBA Coach of the Year and NBA Executive of the Year respectively. The Raptors also changed their colour scheme which is still in use today. Pre-season NBA draft Pre-season trades Before the season, Toronto won the NBA draft lottery and were awarded the 1st overall pick in the 2006 NBA draft. To prepare for their draft choice, the Raptors traded Rafael Araújo for Kris Humphries and Robert Whaley, and traded Matt Bonner, Eric Williams and a second round pick for Rasho Nesterovič and cash considerations. The 1st overall pick was used to select Italian Andrea Bargnani, making him the first European drafted number one overall. Maurizio Gherardini was hired as the club's vice-president and assistant general manager, making him the first European elevated to an NBA executive job. Promising small forward Charlie Villanueva was traded for point guard T. J. Ford and cash considerations, while Chris Bosh was rewarded with a three-year extension. Roster Regular season General Manager Bryan Colangelo continued to surround Bosh with complementary players, and signed two-time Euroleague Most Valuable Player Anthony Parker. Spanish international Jorge Garbajosa and former slam dunk champion Fred Jones were also signed from free agency. The Raptors concluded pre-season transactions by re-signing veteran Darrick Martin. With this new lineup, Toronto looked to maintain a team who could both pass and shoot the ball, but was also stronger defensively than the 2005–06 roster. As a showcase of their new roster, on 15 October 2006, the 119 points by Toronto marked the third highest total in a pre-season game in franchise history. The Raptors finished the pre-season with a 7–1 win–loss record, which was the best record in the league and a franchise record. Push for playoffs The first half of the season produced mixed results as Toronto struggled towards the .500 mark after a dismal 2–8 start. Bosh's consistent performances however ensured he was named an All-Star starter in the 2007 NBA All-Star Game on 25 January 2007. He received the most votes after LeBron James among all", "title": "2006–07 Toronto Raptors season" }, { "docid": "5124037", "text": "The 2001 NBA playoffs was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball Association's 2000-01 season. The tournament concluded with the Western Conference champion Los Angeles Lakers defeating the Eastern Conference champion Philadelphia 76ers 4 games to 1. Shaquille O'Neal was named NBA Finals MVP for the second straight year. Overview The Dallas Mavericks made the playoffs for the first time since 1990. Along the way they had many abysmal seasons, including back–to–back years with 11 and 13 wins between 1993 and 1994. The Los Angeles Lakers entered the postseason with an eight game winning streak, while the Milwaukee Bucks entered the playoffs as division champions for the first time since 1986. For the first time since 1997, all four late 80’s expansion teams (Miami, Orlando, Charlotte, and Minnesota) made the playoffs. As of 2023, this remains the most recent occurrence of all four expansion teams making the playoffs. With their series win over the Orlando Magic, the Milwaukee Bucks won their first playoff series since 1989. With their 3–2 series win over the Utah Jazz in the first round, the Dallas Mavericks won their first playoff series since 1988. This also marked the first time since 1995 that the Jazz failed to advance past the first round. The Sacramento Kings won their first playoff series since 1981 (when they were the Kansas City Kings) and the first since moving to Sacramento. The Toronto Raptors also won their first playoff series in franchise history with their 3–2 first round victory over the New York Knicks. They would not win another playoff series until 2016. For the first time since 1991, the Knicks failed to win a first–round playoff series. Coincidentally, this also marked the first time since 1996 that the Heat and the Knicks did not meet in the playoffs as both teams were eliminated in the first round by the Charlotte Hornets and the Toronto Raptors, respectively. The Heat and the Knicks would not return to the playoffs until 2004. 2001 also marked the closest the Charlotte Hornets came to making the Eastern Conference Finals, taking a 3–2 series lead over the Milwaukee Bucks before bowing out in seven games. After eliminating the Hornets, the Milwaukee Bucks made the Eastern Conference Finals for the first time since 1986. For the Bucks, this was their most recent playoff series win until 2019. The Western Conference Semi–Finals series between the San Antonio Spurs and Dallas Mavericks also marked the start of the Mavericks–Spurs rivalry. The Spurs would win this playoff series (along with subsequent series victories in 2003 and 2010), while the Mavericks won in 2006 and 2009. Game 4 of the series was the last NBA game ever played at Reunion Arena, as the Mavericks moved to the American Airlines Center the following season. With their Western Conference Finals sweep of the San Antonio Spurs, the Lakers went 11–0 through the first three rounds, extending their winning streak to 19 games (regular season and playoffs)). The Lakers also equaled the previous", "title": "2001 NBA playoffs" }, { "docid": "27733909", "text": "The 2010–11 Toronto Raptors season is the 16th season of the Toronto Raptors in the National Basketball Association (NBA). The Raptors did not have Chris Bosh for the first time since 2002-03, as he departed in free agency to the Miami Heat, teaming up with fellow NBA Superstars and 2003 draftees LeBron James and Dwyane Wade, and beginning the Heat's Big 3 era. Bosh's departure caused the Raptors to start rebuilding and began the DeMar DeRozan era, which would last for the next 8 years. They finished with a 22-60 record missing the playoffs for a third consecutive year. Roster Pre-season Before the 2010–11 season began, there was much anticipation around the league over the fates of an elite pack of free agents, featuring the likes of Raptors franchise player Chris Bosh, Dwyane Wade, LeBron James, and Amar'e Stoudemire. Bosh and James eventually chose to converge in Miami with Wade, and the sign and trade transaction that ensued resulted in the Raptors receiving two first-round draft picks and a trade exception from Miami. Prior to this, Toronto had drafted Ed Davis, also a left-handed power forward like Bosh, acquired Solomon Alabi from the Dallas Mavericks, and picked up Joey Dorsey. Amir Johnson was signed to a new deal, and Linas Kleiza was made an offer sheet that Denver later refused to match. After Bosh left, General Manager Bryan Colangelo sought to trade Reggie Evans, José Calderón—the last remaining Raptor from the pre-Colangelo days—and the disenchanted Hedo Türkoğlu to the Charlotte Bobcats for Tyson Chandler, Boris Diaw, Leandro Barbosa and Dwayne Jones. Barbosa was drafted by Colangelo when the latter was still with the Phoenix Suns, and Diaw played there during Colangelo's tenure too. However, the trade involving Chandler/Diaw/Evans/Calderón fell apart at the last minute when Chandler was traded to Dallas instead. A sign-and-trade involving Orlando's Matt Barnes was also in the works, but ran into last-minute difficulties as well. In the coaching department, P. J. Carlesimo joined the team of assistant coaches, while Marc Iavaroni left for the Los Angeles Clippers. Game log \|- bgcolor=\"#ccffcc\" \| 1 \| October 6 \| @ Phoenix \| \| Linas Kleiza (20) \| Joey Dorsey (10) \| Jarrett Jack (7) \| Rogers Arena18,123 \| 1–0 \|- bgcolor=\"#ffcccc\" \| 2 \| October 10 \| @ Boston \| \| Jarrett Jack (18) \| Reggie Evans,Jarrett Jack,Linas Kleiza (6) \| José Calderón (6) \| TD Garden18,624 \| 1–1 \|- bgcolor=\"#ffcccc\" \| 3 \| October 12 \| @ Chicago \| \| Leandro Barbosa (20) \| Reggie Evans (5) \| José Calderón (7) \| United Center20,165 \| 1–2 \|- bgcolor=\"#ccffcc\" \| 4 \| October 13 \| Philadelphia \| \| Jarrett Jack (24) \| Amir Johnson (9) \| José Calderón (8) \| Air Canada Centre12,078 \| 2–2 \|- bgcolor=\"#ffcccc\" \| 5 \| October 15 \| Boston \| \| Linas Kleiza,Andrea Bargnani (15) \| Reggie Evans (8) \| Sonny Weems (4) \| Air Canada Centre13,763 \| 2–3 \|- bgcolor=\"#ccffcc\" \| 6 \| October 17 \| Phoenix \| \| Linas Kleiza (23)", "title": "2010–11 Toronto Raptors season" }, { "docid": "68078050", "text": "The 2021–22 Toronto Raptors season was the 27th season of the franchise in the National Basketball Association (NBA). The 2020–21 Raptors finished the season with a 27–45 record (in a shortened season due to the COVID-19 pandemic), and missed the playoffs for the first time since 2013. This season marked the first time since the 2012–13 season where the Raptors had their own lottery pick, and with that pick, which landed 4th overall in the 2021 NBA draft, they drafted power forward Scottie Barnes from Florida State. Barnes would go on to win the 2021–22 NBA Rookie of the Year Award. The season was the first season that six-time All-Star and longtime Raptor Kyle Lowry was not on the roster since the 2011–12 season, as he was traded in a sign-and-trade deal to the Miami Heat for Goran Dragić and Precious Achiuwa. On September 10, 2021, the Canadian government granted approval for the team to play home games in Toronto for the first time since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. In the prior season, they played their home games in Amalie Arena in Tampa, Florida. After a win against the Atlanta Hawks and a Cleveland Cavaliers loss to the Orlando Magic on April 5, 2022, the Raptors returned to the playoffs after a one year absence and clinched their eighth playoff appearance in nine seasons. However, the Raptors were eliminated by the 76ers in six games in the first round after being down 3–0 in that series. Draft picks The Raptors entered the draft with one first-round pick and two second round picks. On the night of the 2021 NBA draft lottery, the team had a 7.5% chance of winning the first overall pick and ended up with the #4 pick. They also gained two second round picks as a result of previous trades with Utah and Sacramento. This marked the first time that the Raptors drafted a Canadian-born player in the draft, as they selected point guard Dalano Banton from Nebraska with the 46th pick. Roster Standings Division Conference Record vs opponents (* game decided in overtime) Game log Preseason \|-style=\"background:#cfc;\" \| 1 \| October 4 \| Philadelphia \| \| OG Anunoby (21) \| Justin Champagnie (10) \| Fred VanVleet (8) \| Scotiabank Arena8,016 \| 1–0 \|-style=\"background:#fcc;\" \| 2 \| October 7 \| @ Philadelphia \| \| OG Anunoby (22) \| Precious Achiuwa (8) \| Scottie Barnes (5) \| Wells Fargo Center11,732 \| 1–1 \|-style=\"background:#fcc;\" \| 3 \| October 9 \| @ Boston \| \| Fred VanVleet (22) \| Precious Achiuwa (13) \| Scottie Barnes (8) \| TD Garden19,156 \| 1–2 \|-style=\"background:#cfc;\" \| 4 \| October 11 \| Houston \| \| Achiuwa, Anunoby (17) \| Achiuwa, Wainright (7) \| Fred VanVleet (5) \| Scotiabank Arena9,245 \| 2–2 \|-style=\"background:#cfc;\" \| 5 \| October 12 \| @ Washington \| \| Malachi Flynn (22) \| Achiuwa, Champaigne (10) \| Scottie Barnes (7) \| Capital One Arena7,048 \| 3–2 Regular season \|-style=\"background:#fcc;\" \| 1 \| October 20 \| Washington \| \| Barnes,", "title": "2021–22 Toronto Raptors season" }, { "docid": "3414157", "text": "Robert \"Rob\" Babcock (1953 – May 15, 2019) was an American basketball executive. He served as a Vice President of Basketball Operations with the Minnesota Timberwolves of the NBA, and also as general manager of the Toronto Raptors from 2004 to 2006. Education Babcock was born in Phoenix, Arizona in 1953. He earned his master's degree in secondary education and psychology from Arizona State University in 1977. He received an undergraduate degree in 1974 from Grand Canyon University with a Bachelor of Arts degree in education and social studies. He then taught briefly at Paradise Valley High School in Phoenix, where he also coached the freshman basketball team. Career Babcock was head coach at Phoenix College, where his teams advanced to the ACCAC playoffs twice and were the regional runners-up in 1986. He has \"23 years of NBA management experience\". In 2011, the Bleacher Report named Rob Babcock as one of the \"10 Worst NBA GMs in League history\". NBA scout He joined the NBA in 1987 as the director of scouting for the Denver Nuggets. He also held part-time scouting positions with the Detroit Pistons, Cleveland Cavaliers, San Diego Clippers and Indiana Pacers before joining the Nuggets staff. Minnesota Timberwolves Babcock then worked with the Minnesota Timberwolves for 12 seasons. The last two as the team’s vice-president of player personnel. He served as the director of player personnel from 1994–2002 and two seasons (1992–94) as a full-time scout. Toronto Raptors On June 7, 2004, Babcock was named as the head of the Raptors' basketball operations. Raptors star Vince Carter had preferred Julius Erving as General Manager instead. Despite Carter's personal friendship with MLSE Chairman Larry Tanenbaum, the Raptors decided to hire Babcock instead. 2004-2005 season Babcock's first move as GM was drafting center Rafael Araujo 8th overall in the 2004 NBA draft, a widely criticized move from the onset, considering highly touted swingman Andre Iguodala was drafted with the next pick. Araujo's disappointing play fuelled criticism of Babcock. As well, prior to the 2004-05 season, Babcock signed mercurial point guard Rafer Alston to a 5-year deal. The move backfired, with Alston reportedly threatening to retire after repeated altercations with rookie head coach Sam Mitchell. In the summer of 2005, Babcock signed Spanish point guard Jose Calderon. During the 2007-08 season, Calderon was the second most consistent player for the Raptors next to Chris Bosh, averaging over 8 assists and leading the league in assist/turnover ratio. Babcock also signed center Matt Bonner. Vince Carter trade Following trade rumours all season long, on December 17, 2004 Babcock traded star Vince Carter to the New Jersey Nets in exchange for Alonzo Mourning, Aaron Williams, Eric Williams and two first round draft picks. Carter's production had been declining for the Raptors since the 2000-2001 season. Mourning would never play a game for the Raptors, and shortly after the trade he was bought out by the Raptors, supposedly due to a career-threatening injury. Mourning would later sign with the Miami Heat and subsequently played", "title": "Rob Babcock" }, { "docid": "15869204", "text": "The 2003–04 NBA season was the Raptors' ninth season in the National Basketball Association. This season saw the team draft future All-Star forward Chris Bosh with the fourth overall pick in the 2003 NBA draft. With new head coach Kevin O'Neill, the Raptors started the season on a high note beating the 2-time Eastern Conference Champion New Jersey Nets 90–87. However, a few days later they would set an embarrassing post shot clock record by scoring just 56 points in a loss to the Minnesota Timberwolves. After the first month of the season, they traded Antonio Davis and Jerome Williams to the Chicago Bulls for Jalen Rose and Donyell Marshall. The Raptors posted a 25–25 record at the All-Star break, but largely because of injuries, they only won just eight for the rest of the season. The team also posted nine and seven-game losing streaks respectively, finishing sixth in the Central Division with a 33–49 record. Following the season, O'Neil and General Manager Glen Grunwald were fired by the Raptors. This was also Vince Carter's final full season in Toronto, as he would be traded to the New Jersey Nets midway through next season. He was also selected for the 2004 NBA All-Star Game. For the season, they added new red road alternate uniforms with black and grey side panels to their jerseys and shorts. They were designed by singer Shania Twain, their alternate uniforms they remained in used until 2006, when they became primary road jersey remained in used until 2015. NBA draft Roster Regular season Highs After acquiring Jalen Rose in a mid-November deal, the Raptors went on to win five straight games. Lows After the 50 game mark, the Raptors were 25-25 and in position for a playoff spot. Unfortunately, the team would struggle out towards the end, finishing 8-24 and missing the playoffs. Kevin O'Neill was fired after the season. Standings Record vs. opponents Game log \|- bgcolor=\"bbffbb\" \| 1 \| October 29 \| New Jersey \| \| Vince Carter (39) \| Antonio Davis, Jerome Williams (14) \| Lamond Murray, Milt Palacio (4) \| Air Canada Centre18,217 \| 1–0 \|- bgcolor=\"bbffbb\" \| 2 \| October 31 \| Washington \| \| Vince Carter (26) \| Antonio Davis (15) \| Milt Palacio, Alvin Williams (6) \| Air Canada Centre14,183 \| 2–0 \|- bgcolor=\"ffcccc\" \| 3 \| November 1 \| @ Minnesota \| \| Vince Carter (15) \| Jerome Williams (16) \| Vince Carter, Alvin Williams (3) \| Target Center15,869 \| 2–1 \|- bgcolor=\"bbffbb\" \| 4 \| November 6 \| Dallas \| \| Vince Carter (19) \| Antonio Davis (12) \| Milt Palacio (7) \| Air Canada Centre17,556 \| 3–1 \|- bgcolor=\"ffcccc\" \| 5 \| November 7 \| @ Washington \| \| Vince Carter (18) \| Jerome Williams (13) \| Alvin Williams (6) \| MCI Center20,173 \| 3–2 \|- bgcolor=\"bbffbb\" \| 6 \| November 9 \| Denver \| \| Vince Carter (34) \| Jerome Williams (13) \| Vince Carter, Milt Palacio (6) \| Air Canada Centre16,888 \| 4–2 \|-", "title": "2003–04 Toronto Raptors season" }, { "docid": "1163174", "text": "The 1998 NBA draft took place on June 24, 1998, at General Motors Place in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. This draft helped turn around four struggling franchises: the Dallas Mavericks, the Sacramento Kings, the Boston Celtics, and the Toronto Raptors. The Vancouver Grizzlies and the Toronto Raptors were not able to win the NBA draft lottery; as they were expansion teams, they were not allowed to select first in this draft. The Mavericks, despite having a talented nucleus of Jason Kidd, Jamal Mashburn and Jimmy Jackson in the mid-1990s, had not had a winning season since 1989-90, which was also the last time they made the playoffs. By the end of the 1997 season, all three players were traded and it was time to rebuild. With the sixth selection in 1998, they drafted Robert Traylor and quickly traded him to the Milwaukee Bucks for Dirk Nowitzki and Pat Garrity. They then traded Garrity in a package to the Phoenix Suns for Steve Nash. With Nash and Nowitzki, the Mavericks quickly went from a lottery team in the late 1990s to a perennial playoff contender throughout the 2000s. Nowitzki went on to win the 2011 NBA Finals with Dallas without Nash, but with Kidd. Meanwhile, the Raptors were a recent expansion team that had failed to win more than 30 games in its first three seasons. With the fourth pick they selected Antawn Jamison, whom they quickly dealt to the Golden State Warriors for Vince Carter. Carter went on to win Rookie of the Year. First overall pick Michael Olowokandi from mid-major University of the Pacific is regarded by Sports Illustrated as one of the biggest draft busts in NBA history. As of February 2019, he is the last top selection to come out of a university that is considered mid-major. Five players from the 1998 draft class played in the NBA All-Star Game at least once in their careers: Nowitzki, Carter, Jamison, Paul Pierce and Rashard Lewis. All of them except Lewis scored at least 20,000 career points. Carter retired in 2020, making him the last active player drafted in the 1990s to retire. He set the record for most seasons played in the NBA with 22, becoming the first player to ever appear in NBA games in four different decades. Nowitzki missed the same four-decade status by nine months, retiring from the Mavericks in April 2019 as the first player to ever spend more than 20 NBA seasons with one team. Draft selections Notable undrafted players These players eligible for the 1998 NBA Draft were not selected but played at least one game in the NBA. Early entrants College underclassmen The following college basketball players successfully applied for early draft entrance. Rafer Alston – G, Fresno State (junior) Corey Benjamin – G, Oregon State (sophomore) Mike Bibby – G, Arizona (sophomore) Chandar Bingham – F, Virginia Union (sophomore) Marcus Bullard – G, Auburn Montgomery (junior) Vince Carter – F/G, North Carolina (junior) Wayne Clark – G, Park (freshman) Tim", "title": "1998 NBA draft" }, { "docid": "17323092", "text": "The 2008–09 Toronto Raptors season is the 14th season of the franchise in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Before the season began, six-time NBA All-Star and center Jermaine O'Neal was acquired to complement Chris Bosh in the frontcourt. 17 games into the season, head coach Sam Mitchell was fired and replaced by Jay Triano. The Raptors went into the All-Star break 13 games under .500, and O'Neal was traded to Miami for Shawn Marion. The Raptors continued to struggle, and were eliminated from the playoff race with seven games of the regular season remaining. Roster Roster Notes Center Patrick O'Bryant was born and raised in the U.S., but is also a Central African citizen. Summary Preseason Seeking to improve its rebounding and interior defence, Toronto traded T. J. Ford, Radoslav Nesterović, Maceo Baston, and the draft rights to Roy Hibbert to the Indiana Pacers in return for six-time NBA All-Star Jermaine O'Neal and the draft rights to Nathan Jawai. With Ford gone, virtually all the point guard responsibilities rested on José Calderón's shoulders, who re-signed to a multi-year contract. The Raptors then signed free agents Hassan Adams, Will Solomon and Jamal Sampson, but Sampson was waived at the end of the pre-season. The Raptors also signed Roko Ukić who was drafted in the 2005 NBA draft, and lost Carlos Delfino and Primož Brezec to free agency. O'Neal's arrival, however, was dwarfed by the Elton Brand signing pulled off by division rivals Philadelphia. In a pre-season poll, more than half of the general managers predicted the acquisition of Brand to be the most significant one in the league, whereas the 30-year-old O'Neal was perceived to be past his prime. Nevertheless, the prospect of Toronto deploying two proven big men at the post with some of the league's best three-point shooters waiting at the perimeter signalled a change in game plan from the previous campaign. Regular season The Raptors began their campaign with a 95–84 road win against Philadelphia. The match featured the new All-Star acquisitions of both teams: O'Neal for the Raptors and Brand for the 76ers. Chris Bosh and O'Neal combined for 44 points and 19 rebounds in the win. The team notched another victory in their second game—a home fixture against the Golden State Warriors—thus opening with the same 2–0 record as the season before. Andrea Bargnani, who had spent the summer buffing up his frame and working on his interior game, chalked up 5 rebounds and 3 blocks in the game that went into overtime. The Raptors then got off to their best start in four seasons when they defeated the Milwaukee Bucks in the third game, with Calderón scoring a career-high 25 points in the 91–87 win. Meanwhile, O'Neal wasted no time in imposing his style on his new team: in the season opener at Philadelphia, he pointed to hecklers in the home crowd after making a dunk; in the team's second game, he blocked a dunk from Golden State's Brandan Wright and thereafter waved a finger,", "title": "2008–09 Toronto Raptors season" }, { "docid": "2983928", "text": "The 1995–96 NBA season was the 50th season of the National Basketball Association (NBA), though the 50th anniversary was not celebrated until the following season. The Chicago Bulls defeated the Seattle SuperSonics 4 games to 2 in the NBA Finals to win their fourth championship. 1995 NBA lockout The 1995 NBA lockout was the first lockout of four in the history of the NBA. When the previous collective bargaining agreement expired after the 1993–94 season, a no-strike, no-lockout agreement was made in October 1994, with a moratorium on signing or restructuring player contracts. That moratorium expired on June 15, 1995, one day after the NBA Finals concluded. The expansion draft (which was held on June 24) and the NBA draft (which was held on June 28) were allowed to take place, but all other league business, including trades, free-agent signings, contract extensions, and summer leagues were suspended from July 1 until September 12; no games were lost due to the lockout, as a new collective bargaining agreement was reached well before the start of the 1995–96 season. Among the key issues in the labor dispute were the salary cap, free agency, a rookie salary cap, and revenue sharing. Notable occurrences The NBA established its first Canadian teams since the 1946–47 Toronto Huskies, as the Toronto Raptors and the Vancouver Grizzlies made their debuts as the NBA's 28th and 29th franchises. The Grizzlies began play at GM Place (now Rogers Arena) as a member of the Midwest Division while the Raptors set up shop at the SkyDome (now Rogers Centre), with some games also played at Maple Leaf Gardens, as a member of the Central Division. Each franchise won its first game, although Toronto would win only 21 games in the season, and Vancouver 15 games. The Chicago Bulls finished the season with a combined regular season and postseason record of 87–13, the best in NBA history. Chicago's 72 wins remained an NBA record until , when the Golden State Warriors, who were coached by ex-Bulls guard Steve Kerr, posted a 73–9 record, despite winning a combined 88 regular season and postseason games, they failed to win the championship. Prior to the start of the NBA Playoffs, the Bulls shocked the basketball world by wearing black socks, claiming this as redemption to the city's most infamous sports moment, the Black Sox Scandal of 1919. The socks would become a Bulls playoff tradition, which other teams soon follow. However, this was not the first time a team or a particular player wore black socks; earlier in the season, Orlando Magic forward Dennis Scott wore black socks while competing in the AT&T Three-Point Shootout at NBA All-Star Weekend. The Miami Heat hired Pat Riley as the team's new head coach and president of basketball operations. Riley's first moves were the acquisition of Alonzo Mourning from the Charlotte Hornets for Glen Rice, and the trade for Tim Hardaway from the Golden State Warriors for Kevin Willis. Hardaway and Mourning would turn the struggling Heat", "title": "1995–96 NBA season" }, { "docid": "51555250", "text": "The Memphis Grizzlies are a professional basketball team based in Memphis, Tennessee. 1995–2001: Vancouver Grizzlies The Vancouver Grizzlies were a Canadian professional basketball team based in Vancouver, British Columbia. They were part of the Midwest Division of the Western Conference of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The team was established in 1995, along with the Toronto Raptors, as part of the NBA's expansion into Canada. Following the 2000–01 season, the team relocated to Memphis, Tennessee, United States, and were renamed as the Memphis Grizzlies. The team played their home games at General Motors Place for the entirety of their six seasons in Vancouver. Relocation to Memphis The Vancouver Grizzlies applied with the NBA to relocate to Memphis on March 26, 2001, and it was granted. This led to the Grizzlies became the first major professional sports team from the \"big four\" major pro sports leagues to permanently play its home games in Memphis, as well as leaving the Toronto Raptors to be the only Canadian basketball team in the NBA. Memphis became the easternmost city in the Western Conference. In their first three seasons in Memphis, the Grizzlies played their home games at the Pyramid Arena. 2001–2008: The Pau Gasol era In the 2001 NBA draft, the Atlanta Hawks chose Pau Gasol as the 3rd overall pick, who was traded to the Grizzlies. Forward Shane Battier was selected with the 7th pick in the same draft by the Vancouver Grizzlies. They also acquired Jason Williams from the Sacramento Kings in exchange for Mike Bibby that same year. After the Grizzlies' first season in Memphis, Gasol won the NBA Rookie of the Year Award. The Grizzlies also drafted Shane Battier, who quickly became an unofficial spokesman for the team and a fan favorite. However, despite the strong draft class, general manager Billy Knight was let go. After Knight's departure and the season, the team hired former Los Angeles Laker and Hall of Famer Jerry West as general manager in 2002, who later received the 2003–04 NBA Executive of the Year Award. After West's arrival the team was changed a great deal from Knight's team, with the removal of Sidney Lowe as head coach after 0–8 start to the season and a great deal of player movement, with players such as Mike Miller and James Posey becoming vital to the team's success. During the 2002–03 season, Hubie Brown was hired to coach the Grizzlies. Brown won the NBA Coach of the Year Award during the next season when the Grizzlies made the NBA playoffs for the first time in team history in 2004 as the sixth seed in the Western Conference in a drastic change from being perennially one of the worst teams in the NBA. They also won a then record 50 games under Gasol and Williams. In the playoffs they faced the San Antonio Spurs, who swept them out of the playoffs in four games. 2004–2007: Departure of Jason Williams, draft Brown stepped down as head coach during the 2004–05", "title": "History of the Memphis Grizzlies" }, { "docid": "7877714", "text": "The 2007 NBA playoffs was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball Association's 2006–07 season. The tournament concluded with the Western Conference champion San Antonio Spurs defeating the Eastern Conference champion Cleveland Cavaliers 4 games to 0 in the NBA Finals. Tony Parker was named NBA Finals MVP, making him the first Spur other than Tim Duncan and the first European–born player to receive the award. Overview The Dallas Mavericks entered their seventh consecutive postseason. In addition, the Mavericks started the playoffs with a league best 67–15 regular season record, the best in franchise history. The Mavericks also became the first team since 2000 to finish the regular season with 65+ wins. Their in-state rivals, the San Antonio Spurs, entered their tenth consecutive postseason. The defending champion Miami Heat entered the playoffs for the fourth consecutive season. Despite winning their third consecutive Southeast Division title, the Heat opened the playoffs on the road against the Chicago Bulls (thanks to the Bulls’ 49–33 record versus the Heat's 44–38 record), marking the second consecutive postseason that a division winner opened the playoffs on the road. This was also Pat Riley's final NBA playoff appearance as a head coach, as the Heat would miss the playoffs the following season. The Houston Rockets returned to the playoffs after a one-season absence, and opened the playoffs at home for the first time since 1997. This would also be Jeff Van Gundy's last postseason appearance as a head coach. Their first round opponent, the Northwest Division leading Utah Jazz made the playoffs for the first time since 2003. Like the Heat, the Jazz opened their postseason on the road. The New Jersey Nets and the Detroit Pistons entered their sixth consecutive postseason. The Denver Nuggets entered their fourth consecutive postseason. The Washington Wizards, Chicago Bulls, and Phoenix Suns entered their third consecutive postseason. The Los Angeles Lakers entered their second consecutive postseason. The Golden State Warriors made the NBA Playoffs for the first time since 1994 NBA playoffs. The Toronto Raptors made the playoffs for the first time since 2002 and earned home-court advantage for the first time in franchise history. The Orlando Magic made the playoffs for the first time since 2003. The Indiana Pacers missed the playoffs for the first time since 1997, while the Sacramento Kings missed the playoffs for the first time since 1998. This also marked the first of sixteen consecutive postseasons not to feature the Sacramento Kings. First Round The Nets-Raptors series was notable for Nets guard Vince Carter facing his former team, the Toronto Raptors. His New Jersey Nets won the series in six games, giving the Raptors their second consecutive first round exit. The Nets would not win another playoff series until 2014 as the Brooklyn Nets, which was also against the Raptors. With their first round sweep of the Orlando Magic, the Detroit Pistons swept a playoff series for the first time since 1990. It was also the Pistons’ first sweep of a best of seven series", "title": "2007 NBA playoffs" }, { "docid": "39147645", "text": "The 2013–14 NBA season was the Phoenix Suns' 46th season in the NBA. This season marked the first time that purple was not a primary color for the team (although it was still involved with their system). It was also the first time since the beginning of the 1987–88 NBA season that the Suns ended up drafting in the top 5 of a draft. In addition, it was the first time since the beginning of the 2000–01 NBA season that the Suns made complete changes in not only their logos, but also their jerseys. When the Suns began the regular season, Goran Dragić, P. J. Tucker, Markieff Morris, and his twin brother Marcus Morris were the only players returning from playing with last season's team (while Channing Frye was still on last season's team, he didn't play any games due to a life-threatening heart ailment he had at the time). The Phoenix Suns, despite their winning record, failed to make the playoffs. This drew criticism from many fans regarding the conference system with the Atlanta Hawks, a sub-.500 team in the Eastern Conference managing to make the playoffs, with the Suns holding a Top 4 Eastern Conference seeded team had they been a part of that conference that year instead. Key dates April 22, 2013: The Phoenix Suns fired general manager Lance Blanks. May 7, 2013: The Suns hired the Boston Celtics' assistant general manager Ryan McDonough as their new general manager. May 21, 2013: The NBA Draft Lottery took place. May 26, 2013: The Suns did not renew interim head coach Lindsey Hunter's contract; former Suns player Jeff Hornacek became Hunter's replacement as the official head coach. June 19, 2013: The Suns' newest logos were leaked out to the Internet. June 25, 2013: Former Boston Celtics affiliates Jerry Sichting and Mike Longabardi, as well as former Suns players Kenny Gattison and Mark West, were officially named assistant head coaches to the new coaching staff; both Noel Gillespie and Dan Panaggio were fired from their assistant coaching positions. June 26, 2013: The Suns officially revealed their newest logos and colors to start the new season. June 27, 2013: The 2013 NBA draft took place at Barclays Center in Brooklyn; Phoenix traded their 30th draft pick (Nemanja Nedović) to the Golden State Warriors for the Oklahoma City Thunder's 29th pick (Archie Goodwin) and Malcolm Lee (both of whom were added by the Warriors in earlier trades) to add to their own selections of Alex Len at pick number 5 and Alex Oriakhi at number 57. June 29, 2013: The Phoenix Suns officially waived center Hamed Haddadi from the team. The Suns saved $1.2 million since Haddadi was initially owed $1.4 million had he stayed for the season. July 1, 2013: The NBA free agency period began. July 2, 2013: The Suns agreed to trade shooting guard-small forward Jared Dudley to the Los Angeles Clippers and a 2014 second-round pick from either the Sacramento Kings or the Toronto Raptors (which was given", "title": "2013–14 Phoenix Suns season" }, { "docid": "22893781", "text": "The 2009–10 Toronto Raptors season was the 15th season of the Canadian franchise in the National Basketball Association (NBA). The Raptors were the busiest team in preseason transactions, replacing the previous season's entire roster with the exception of Chris Bosh, Andrea Bargnani, José Calderón, Patrick O'Bryant and Marcus Banks. Although the Raptors were chasing the fourth playoff seed at one point, they capitulated after the All-Star break, and eventually lost the eighth and final playoff spot to Chicago. Following the season, Bosh would sign as a free agent with the Miami Heat. Roster Summary Preseason The Raptors entered the 2009–10 NBA season in a state of flux: they had failed to qualify for the 2009 NBA Playoffs; it was Jay Triano's first full season in charge; and there was much uncertainty over the futures of perennial All-Star and captain Chris Bosh (who was into the final year of his contract), as well as Shawn Marion and Anthony Parker, both of whom could possibly become free agents before the season began. The roster shakeup began on 9 June 2009, when three-point specialist Jason Kapono ended his two-year tenure with the Raptors, and was traded to the Philadelphia 76ers for the aggressive veteran forward Reggie Evans. Toronto then drafted DeMar DeRozan with the ninth pick, enabling them to fill a spot on the wings. The other major roster change came in the form of signing free agent Hedo Türkoğlu; this led to a sign-and-trade agreement involving four teams, with Toronto landing Devean George (who was later traded for Marco Belinelli) and Antoine Wright, while trading Marion, Kris Humphries and Nathan Jawai. Around the same time, Parker signed with the Cleveland Cavaliers, while Indiana point guard Jarrett Jack was signed to back up José Calderón and former Raptor Radoslav Nesterović was brought back to the fold. Finally, Carlos Delfino and Roko Ukić were moved to the Milwaukee Bucks for Amir Johnson and Sonny Weems. It became increasingly clear that Colangelo, in securing a credible nucleus for the future, was doing this to persuade Bosh to stay. Regular season The Raptors opened their season with a 101–91 home win over LeBron James' Cleveland Cavaliers. Bosh and Andrea Bargnani recorded impressive numbers—with Bosh leading the league in rebounds and free throw attempts, and also as one of the top scorers—but the Raptors were slow off the blocks, going 7–8 in their first 15 games. In that period, although the Raptors was fourth in the league in number of points scored per game, they were second last in the league in number of points allowed per game as well. Newcomer Wright criticised the team for being unfocused in pre-game preparations, and appealed to team captain Bosh to change that. The Raptors persisted in being one of the worst defensive teams in the league, and their descent culminated in a 146–115 drubbing by the Atlanta Hawks—the second worst defeat in franchise history—bringing their record to 7–13. They were soon ranked last in most points allowed per 100", "title": "2009–10 Toronto Raptors season" }, { "docid": "17309791", "text": "The 2000–01 NBA season was the 54th season of the National Basketball Association in New York City, New York. During the off-season, the Knicks acquired All-Star forward Glen Rice from the Los Angeles Lakers, acquired Erick Strickland from the Dallas Mavericks, and acquired Luc Longley from the Phoenix Suns; Longley won three championships with the Chicago Bulls during their second three-peat in the 1990s. In their first season without Patrick Ewing, the Knicks remained a perennial playoff contender, holding a 29–18 record at the All-Star break. At midseason, the team traded Chris Childs to the Toronto Raptors in exchange for former Knicks guard Mark Jackson and Muggsy Bogues, who never played for the Knicks due to a knee injury, while Strickland was dealt to the Vancouver Grizzlies in exchange for Othella Harrington. The Knicks finished third in the Atlantic Division with a 48–34 record, earning the #4 seed in the Eastern Conference, and made the playoffs for the fourteenth consecutive year. Allan Houston led the team in scoring with 18.7 points per game, while Latrell Sprewell averaged 17.7 points and 1.4 steals per game. Houston and Sprewell were both selected for the 2001 NBA All-Star Game. In addition, Rice and Marcus Camby both contributed 12.0 points per game each, while Camby led the team with 11.5 rebounds and 2.2 blocks per game, Kurt Thomas provided with 10.4 points and 6.7 rebounds per game, and Larry Johnson contributed 9.9 points and 5.6 rebounds per game. In the playoffs, the Knicks took a 2–1 series lead over the 5th-seeded Raptors in the Eastern Conference First Round. However, the Knicks failed to advance to the second round for the first time in ten years, as they were beaten by the Raptors in five games after a 93–89 Game 5 home loss in New York. Following the season, Rice was traded to the Houston Rockets after just one season in New York. Also following the season, due to lingering injuries, Johnson, Longley and Bogues all retired. The Knicks would not return to the playoffs until 2004. Offseason After 15 years with the New York Knicks, due to chronological age and injuries, Patrick Ewing parted ways with the organization on September 20, 2000 in a 4-team trade which involves the Seattle SuperSonics, the Phoenix Suns, and the Los Angeles Lakers. In the deal, the Knicks acquire Travis Knight, Glen Rice, and a 2001 1st round draft pick (#27, traded to Vancouver) from the Lakers, Luc Longley from the Phoenix Suns, Lazaro Borrell, Vernon Maxwell, Vladimir Stepania, two 2001 2nd round picks (#s 39 and 43; neither player selected ever played in the NBA), and a 2002 1st round pick (#20, traded to Toronto) from Seattle. During regular season, the Knicks later traded Erick Strickland, a 2001 1st and 2nd round draft picks to the Vancouver Grizzlies for Othella Harrington. And then Chris Childs and a 2002 1st round pick to the Toronto Raptors for Muggsy Bogues and Mark Jackson. NBA draft Roster Roster Notes Point", "title": "2000–01 New York Knicks season" }, { "docid": "11442053", "text": "The Toronto Raptors have made 35 National Basketball Association (NBA) draft selections during their draft history. The Raptors began as an expansion team in 1995 and first participated in the NBA draft on June 28, 1995 at SkyDome, now known as Rogers Centre, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. In 1989, the NBA agreed with the National Basketball Players' Association to limit drafts to two rounds, an arrangement that has remained the same up the present time. Before each draft, an NBA draft lottery determines the first round selection order for the teams that missed the playoffs during the prior season. Teams can also trade their picks, which means that in some drafts teams may have more or less than two draft picks, although they must have at least one first-round pick every other year. The first pick in Toronto Raptors' history was Damon Stoudamire, a point guard from the University of Arizona, who was the seventh overall pick in the 1995 NBA draft. People in the crowd were surprised by this pick because they expected the Raptors to pick Ed O'Bannon from UCLA. In their second pick of the same draft, Fab Five member Jimmy King from Michigan was drafted in the second round. The Raptors won the first overall pick in 1996, but they had to give that up due to the expansion agreement with the league. Chris Bosh was selected by the Raptors as the fourth pick overall in the 2003 NBA draft, and he went on to play in three all-star games, while starting in two. Andrea Bargnani, who was selected by the Raptors with the first overall pick of the 2006 NBA draft, became the first European to be picked first overall in the NBA draft. Seven of the players that the Raptors have drafted were named to the NBA All-Rookie Team first team in their respective rookie seasons—Damon Stoudamire in 1996, Marcus Camby in 1997, Morris Peterson in 2001, Chris Bosh in 2004, Charlie Villanueva in 2006, Andrea Bargnani in 2007, and Scottie Barnes in 2022—and Stoudamire and Barnes were named the Rookie of the Year in 1996 and 2022, respectively. Key Selections Notes On June 28, 1998, Toronto acquired the draft rights to Vince Carter and cash considerations from the Golden State Warriors in exchange for the draft rights to Antawn Jamison. On February 13, 1998, Toronto acquired Kenny Anderson, Gary Trent, Alvin Williams, two first-round draft picks, one second-round draft pick, and cash from the Portland Trail Blazers, in exchange for Damon Stoudamire, Walt Williams, and Carlos Rogers. On January 21, 1999, Toronto acquired Micheal Williams, the draft rights to Željko Rebrača, a 1999 first-round draft pick from the Denver Nuggets, and a 2000 first-round draft pick from the Minnesota Timberwolves in exchange for Chauncey Billups and the draft rights to Tyson Wheeler being traded to Denver in a three-team deal with Minnesota. On June 28, 1999, Toronto acquired Antonio Davis from the Indiana Pacers in exchange for the draft rights to Jonathan Bender.", "title": "Toronto Raptors draft history" }, { "docid": "50568102", "text": "The 2016–17 Toronto Raptors season was the 22nd season of the franchise in the National Basketball Association (NBA). On March 25, 2017, the team clinched a team-record fourth straight berth to the NBA playoffs. They finished the regular season with a 51–31 record as the 3rd seed. In the playoffs, the Raptors defeated the Milwaukee Bucks in the First Round of the playoffs in six games, facing the defending NBA champion Cleveland Cavaliers in the Semifinals, whom they met in last season's Eastern Conference finals and lost to in six games. However, the Raptors would be swept by the Cavaliers in four games making it the second time in three years that the Raptors were swept in the playoff, having been swept by the Washington Wizards in the first round of the 2015 Playoffs. Draft Standings Division Conference Record vs opponents (* game decided in overtime) Game log Pre-season \|-style=\"background:#bfb;\" \|1 \|October 1 \|Warriors \| \|DeMarre Carroll (14) \|Jared Sullinger (10) \|Kyle Lowry (4) \|Rogers Arena19,000 \|1–0 \|-style=\"background:#fbb;\" \|2 \|October 3 \|Nuggets \| \|Terrence Ross (23) \|Jonas Valančiūnas (9) \|Cory Joseph (4) \|Scotiabank Saddledome19,600 \|1–1 \|-style=\"background:#fbb;\" \|3 \|October 5 \|@ L. A. Clippers \| \|DeMar DeRozan (20) \|Jonas Valančiūnas (6) \|Nogueira, VanVleet (3) \|STAPLES Center13,957 \|1–2 \|-style=\"background:#bfb;\" \|4 \|October 13 \|@ Cavaliers \| \|Kyle Lowry (25) \|Jonas Valančiūnas (6) \|Kyle Lowry (6) \|Quicken Loans Arena18,834 \|2–2 \|-style=\"background:#bfb;\" \|5 \|October 14 \|San Lorenzo \| \|Fred VanVleet (31) \|Jakob Poeltl (6) \|Heslip, VanVleet (5) \|Air Canada Centre15,113 \|3–2 \|-style=\"background:#bfb;\" \|6 \|October 19 \|@ Pistons \| \|Kyle Lowry (27) \|Jonas Valančiūnas (12) \|Cory Joseph (4) \|The Palace of Auburn Hills12,334 \|4–2 \|-style=\"background:#fbb;\" \|7 \|October 21 \|@ Wizards \| \|DeMar DeRozan (34) \|Poeltl , VanVleet (6) \|Kyle Lowry (5) \|Verizon Center11,967 \|4–3 Regular season \|- style=\"background:#bfb;\" \| 1 \| October 26 \| Detroit \| \| DeMar DeRozan (40) \| Jonas Valančiūnas (11) \| Kyle Lowry (8) \| Air Canada Centre19,800 \| 1–0 \|- style=\"background:#fbb;\" \| 2 \| October 28 \| Cleveland \| \| DeMar DeRozan (32) \| Jonas Valančiūnas (17) \| Kyle Lowry (4) \| Air Canada Centre19,800 \| 1–1 \|- style=\"background:#bfb;\" \| 3 \| October 31 \| Denver \| \| DeMar DeRozan (33) \| Jonas Valančiūnas (9) \| Kyle Lowry (7) \| Air Canada Centre19,800 \| 2–1 \|- style=\"background:#bfb;\" \| 4 \| November 2 \| @ Washington \| \| DeMar DeRozan (40) \| Jonas Valančiūnas (7) \| DeMar DeRozan (5) \| Verizon Center19,581 \| 3–1 \|- style=\"background:#bfb;\" \| 5 \| November 4 \| Miami \| \| DeMar DeRozan (34) \| Jonas Valančiūnas (11) \| Kyle Lowry (5) \| Air Canada Centre19,800 \| 4–1 \|- style=\"background:#fbb;\" \| 6 \| November 6 \| Sacramento \| \| DeMar DeRozan (23) \| DeMarre Carroll (8) \| Kyle Lowry (10) \| Air Canada Centre19,800 \| 4–2 \|- style=\"background:#bfb;\" \| 7 \| November 9 \| @ Oklahoma City \| \| DeMar DeRozan (37) \| Kyle Lowry (9) \| Kyle Lowry (13) \| Chesapeake Energy Arena18,203 \| 5–2 \|- style=\"background:#bfb;\" \| 8 \| November 11 \| @ Charlotte \| \|", "title": "2016–17 Toronto Raptors season" }, { "docid": "2431900", "text": "Mickaël Marvin Soriano Piétrus (; born 7 February 1982) is a French former professional basketball player. Listed at 6'6\", 215 pounds, he played both the small forward and shooting guard positions. Piétrus was drafted by the Golden State Warriors with the 11th pick of the 2003 NBA draft, and is originally from Guadeloupe, a Caribbean island that is a part of France. Piétrus is also known by the nicknames MP, Air France, Euro Jordan and Puma. He speaks French, English, and Antillean Creole fluently. Professional career Pau-Orthez With ÉB Pau-Orthez, Piétrus won the French League championship, in 2001 and 2003, as well as the French National Cup, in 2002 and 2003. Golden State Warriors After leaving his native France, Piétrus was drafted by the Golden State Warriors. He played there for five seasons with the last being the 07–08 season. Orlando Magic During the 2008 off-season, Piétrus was signed by the Orlando Magic. In Piétrus's debut, he scored 20 points against the Atlanta Hawks. He continued to be a key player for the Orlando Magic, with one of his best games being against the Dallas Mavericks, where he made 5 three-point field goals to lead the Magic into a comeback and their first win in Dallas. Piétrus helped the Magic throughout the 2009 NBA Playoffs where the team reached its second Finals appearance and was a successful defender against LeBron James. However, he struggled during the final series against the Los Angeles Lakers, as Kobe Bryant proved too much for him to handle as Orlando fell short in five games. Phoenix Suns On December 18, 2010, Piétrus was traded to the Phoenix Suns along with Vince Carter, Marcin Gortat, a 2011 first-round draft pick, and $3 million, for former Magic player Hedo Türkoğlu, Jason Richardson, and Earl Clark. On December 9, 2011, the Suns tried to trade Piétrus and $1 Million to the Toronto Raptors in exchange for a conditional second round draft pick. One day later, Toronto decided to suspend the trade because Piétrus had a problem with his right knee and it would take 2–4 weeks for it to heal. Piétrus was waived by the Suns on December 22, 2011. Boston Celtics Piétrus signed a $1.3 million deal with the Boston Celtics on December 24, 2011, two days after Phoenix waived him. On March 23, 2012, Piétrus fell on the floor of the Wells Fargo Center, after being blocked on a layup. He was taken off by stretcher and was diagnosed with a grade three concussion, and ruled out until at least the playoffs. He had been averaging 6.8 points, 2.9 rebounds, and 0.7 assists per game, with the Celtics. He returned in a game against the Atlanta Hawks on April 11, 2012. Toronto Raptors On November 30, 2012, Piétrus signed with the Toronto Raptors. His final NBA game ever was played on March 20, 2013, in a 101–107 loss to the Charlotte Bobcats where he recorded 2 rebounds and 3 fouls. Puerto Rico On March 4, 2015,", "title": "Mickaël Piétrus" }, { "docid": "11960407", "text": "The 2007–08 Toronto Raptors season was the 13th National Basketball Association (NBA) season for the Toronto Raptors basketball franchise, with the 2007–08 season scheduled to begin in October 2007. The major acquisition was that of three-point specialist Jason Kapono from the Miami Heat, and much expectations also rested on the maturing of Andrea Bargnani, Toronto's number one draft pick in 2006. With an overwhelming majority of home game sellouts (32, the second highest in franchise history), the Raptors qualified for the playoffs for the second year running, but this time around as the sixth seed. The Raptors faced the third seed Orlando Magic, and were eliminated in five games. The Raptors had the tenth best team offensive rating in the NBA. They did not qualify for the playoffs again until 2014, when led by Lowry and Derozan. Roster Offseason Coming off a successful 2006–07 campaign, Toronto were one of the league leaders in season ticket sales before the season began. Toronto was barred largely by salary cap from making any drastic changes to its starting lineup, but they remained active in transfer activity. The Raptors first acquired Georgios Printezis from the 2007 NBA draft, and followed up with a trade for Carlos Delfino, and the free agent signings of Jamario Moon, Maceo Baston and three-point specialist Jason Kapono. On the other hand, long-serving swingman Morris Peterson signed a four-year, $23-million US contract with the New Orleans Hornets, while Luke Jackson was waived. Toronto played seven pre-season exhibition games—including five games in a tour of Europe—and won five. Regular season The Raptors were once again led by captain and All-Star power forward Chris Bosh, while much hope was rested on the number one pick of the 2006 NBA draft, Andrea Bargnani, who was slated to start as center. Point guards T. J. Ford and José Calderón were to be deployed in tandem, Anthony Parker filled in the shooting guard position and Kapono featured as the starting small forward (Jorge Garbajosa was ruled out for the whole season seven games into the campaign). Initially, this lineup worked well enough as Toronto won its first two games of the campaign; in its second game against the New Jersey Nets, it set franchise records for biggest margin of victory in a road game, and fewest points conceded in a road game. However, the Raptors lost the next three games: Bosh and Bargnani could not seem to play well together, and Parker went through a bad shooting streak. This prompted coach Sam Mitchell to replace Bargnani with the veteran Radoslav Nesterović as the starting centre to give the team a greater defensive presence. Toronto rebounded immediately with a road victory against the Philadelphia 76ers, and the athletic Moon was also promoted to the starting team in the next game against the Chicago Bulls, and the Raptors scored the largest win against Bulls in franchise history. Nevertheless, the Boston Celtics, who had acquired NBA All-Stars Kevin Garnett and Ray Allen before the season began, were setting", "title": "2007–08 Toronto Raptors season" }, { "docid": "36421813", "text": "The 2012–13 Toronto Raptors season was the 18th season of the franchise in the National Basketball Association (NBA). In the off-season, after failing to obtain Steve Nash in free agency, the Raptors acquired Kyle Lowry from the Houston Rockets for a first round pick. The season also marked the debut of Jonas Valančiūnas, their first pick in the 2011 draft from Lithuania. On January 30, 2013, the Raptors acquired Rudy Gay in a three-way deal with the Memphis Grizzlies and Detroit Pistons which sent longtime point guard José Calderón to the Pistons. Despite a winning home record (21-20) the Raptors failed to secure a playoff spot with a 34-48 record. This season also marked the official beginning of the DeRozan/Lowry era in Toronto. The Raptors would not miss the playoffs again until 2021. This was also their last losing season in a full 82 game season until the 2023-24 season. Key dates June 28: The 2012 NBA draft took place at Prudential Center in Newark, New Jersey. Draft picks Pre-season \|- style=\"background:#cfc;\" \| 1 \| October 8 \| Real Madrid \| \| DeMar DeRozan (18) \| Ed Davis (10) \| José Calderón (8) \| Air Canada Centre10,359 \| 1–0 \|- style=\"background:#fcc;\" \| 2 \| October 10 \| @ Detroit \| \| DeMar DeRozan (17) \| Aaron Gray (7) \| Four players (2) \| The Palace of Auburn Hills9,532 \| 1–1 \|- style=\"background:#cfc;\" \| 3 \| October 12 \| Detroit \| \| DeMar DeRozan (14) \| Jonas Valančiūnas (8) \| John Lucas III (8) \| Air Canada Centre10,167 \| 2–1 \|- style=\"background:#cfc;\" \| 4 \| October 17 \| Washington \| \| Landry Fields (15) \| Ed Davis (9) \| José Calderón (8) \| Air Canada Centre11,750 \| 3–1 \|- style=\"background:#cfc;\" \| 5 \| October 19 \| New York \| \| Andrea Bargnani (20) \| Jonas Valančiūnas (10) \| Landry Fields, Kyle Lowry (5) \| Bell Centre22,114 \| 4–1 \|- style=\"background:#cfc;\" \| 6 \| October 22 \| Milwaukee \| \| DeMar DeRozan (21) \| Jonas Valančiūnas (8) \| José Calderón, Kyle Lowry (6) \| Air Canada Centre11,364 \| 5–1 \|- style=\"background:#cfc;\" \| 7 \| October 26 \| @ Memphis \| \| Andrea Bargnani (21) \| Jonas Valančiūnas (7) \| José Calderón, Kyle Lowry (7) \| FedExForum10,206 \| 6–1 Roster Regular season Game log \|- style=\"background:#fcc;\" \| 1 \|\| October 31 \|\| Indiana \| \| Kyle Lowry (21) \| Jonas Valančiūnas (10) \| Kyle Lowry (8) \| Air Canada Centre19,800 \| 0–1 \|- style=\"background:#fcc;\" \| 2 \|\| November 3 \|\| @ Brooklyn \| \| Kyle Lowry (28) \| Kyle Lowry (8) \| Kyle Lowry (8) \| Barclays Center17,732 \| 0-2 \|- style=\"background:#cfc;\" \| 3 \|\| November 4 \|\| Minnesota \| \| DeRozan and Lowry (22) \| DeRozan, Lowry and Davis (7) \| Kyle Lowry (5) \| Air Canada Centre16,754 \| 1–2 \|- style=\"background:#fcc;\" \| 4 \|\| November 6 \|\| @ Oklahoma City \| \| Jonas Valančiūnas (18) \| Ed Davis (9) \| Lowry & Lucas (4) \| Chesapeake Energy Arena18,203 \| 1–3 \|-", "title": "2012–13 Toronto Raptors season" }, { "docid": "17194349", "text": "The 1999–2000 NBA season was the Pacers' 24th season in the National Basketball Association, and 33rd season as a franchise. It was also their first season playing at the Conseco Fieldhouse. During the off-season, the Pacers acquired top draft pick and high school star Jonathan Bender from the Toronto Raptors, and acquired rookie center Jeff Foster from the Golden State Warriors. The Pacers played around .500 with a 7–7 start to the season, but then won 15 of their next 17 games, and held a 32–16 record at the All-Star break. The team finished first place in the Central Division with a 56–26 record, highlighted by a franchise-best 25-game winning streak at home, which was worthy of the Eastern Conference first seed in the playoffs, guaranteed home-court advantage throughout the Eastern Conference playoffs for the first time in franchise history, and an all-time franchise best win–loss record. Jalen Rose, who played the previous three seasons off the Pacers' bench, became the team's starting small forward replacing Chris Mullin in the lineup, averaging 18.2 points and 4.0 assists per game, and was named Most Improved Player of the Year. In addition, Reggie Miller finished second on the team in scoring averaging 18.1 points per game, while Rik Smits provided with 12.9 points, 5.1 rebounds and 1.3 blocks per game, and Dale Davis contributed 10.0 points and 9.9 rebounds per game. Austin Croshere played an increased role as the team's sixth man, averaging 10.3 points per game off the bench, while finishing in fourth place in Most Improved Player voting, while Travis Best contributed 8.9 points and 3.3 assists per game also off the bench, Mark Jackson provided with 8.1 points and 8.0 assists per game, and Sam Perkins averaged 6.6 points and 3.6 rebounds per game. Miller and Davis were both selected for the 2000 NBA All-Star Game in Oakland, California. In the playoffs, the Pacers defeated the Milwaukee Bucks in five games in the Eastern Conference First Round, and the Philadelphia 76ers in six games in the Eastern Conference Semi-finals, before preceding to defeat their arch-rivals, the New York Knicks in the Eastern Conference finals (who they were playing for the sixth time in the last eight playoffs) to reach the NBA Finals for the first time in franchise history. However, the Pacers would lose in the Finals to the Los Angeles Lakers in six games. Following the season, Larry Bird resigned as head coach after three seasons, while Davis was traded to the Portland Trail Blazers, Mullin was released and later re-signed as a free agent with his former team, the Golden State Warriors, Jackson signed with the Toronto Raptors, and Smits retired after playing 12 seasons in the NBA with the Pacers. Offseason NBA draft Roster Regular season The Pacers began a new era by moving into Conseco Fieldhouse after 25 years at Market Square Arena. They would start the season with a 7-7 record but finished with a 56-26 record, good enough to win their 2nd straight", "title": "1999–2000 Indiana Pacers season" }, { "docid": "1594076", "text": "Lindsey Benson Hunter Jr. (born December 3, 1970) is an American former professional basketball player and coach. He played in the National Basketball Association (NBA) from 1993 to 2010, spending most of his career with the Detroit Pistons. He was also the interim head coach of the Phoenix Suns in 2013. Most recently, he served as the head coach at Mississippi Valley State. Basketball career After playing basketball at Murrah High School in Jackson, Mississippi, alongside phenom James Robinson, Hunter enrolled at Alcorn State University, then transferred to Jackson State University after his freshman year. While playing for the Jackson State Tigers, he became arguably the school's highest profile athlete since the days of Walter Payton and Jackie Slater. The Detroit Pistons had two first-round picks in the 1993 NBA draft. They selected Hunter with the 10th pick and chose Tennessee guard Allan Houston with the 11th. As a rookie, Hunter played in all 82 games, while averaging 10.3 points and what would be a career-high 4.8 assists per game. During the 1996-97 NBA season, Hunter averaged a career-high 14.2 points per game, before then averaging a playoff career-high 15 points per game during a 3–2 first round loss to the Hawks. His first stint in Detroit lasted from 1993 to 2000 when he was traded to the Milwaukee Bucks for Billy Owens. He was a key role player with the Bucks for one season, playing the fifth-most minutes of any Buck en route to the team’s 4–3 Eastern Conference Finals loss, before being sent to the Los Angeles Lakers in exchange for Greg Foster the following season. Hunter was a contributor on the Lakers team that won the NBA championship in 2001–02. Following that season, Hunter was dealt again (on draft night 2002), this time to the Toronto Raptors, along with the rights to Chris Jefferies, for Tracy Murray and Kareem Rush. In August 2003, the Pistons re-acquired Hunter by sending Michael Curry to the Raptors. He was traded to the Boston Celtics in February 2004 along with Chucky Atkins and Detroit's 2004 first-round draft pick for Mike James, in order to make the salary cap figures work out for the trade that brought Rasheed Wallace to the Pistons. Hunter never played a game for the Celtics; he was immediately released and re-signed by Detroit a week later. Hunter and the Pistons went on to win the 2003–04 NBA championship. Hunter and the Pistons went back to the Finals in 2004–2005, but Detroit lost the series in seven games to the San Antonio Spurs. During the Pistons Finals runs, Hunter was credited as a tenacious on-ball defender off the bench. He was credited with guarding Jason Kidd, Kobe Bryant, and Tony Parker in Detroit's two Finals runs. On March 7, 2007, Hunter was suspended for ten games after testing positive for phentermine. He claimed he was using his wife's diet pills, which made him test positive for the banned substance. Hunter signed a one-year nonguaranteed contract with the Chicago", "title": "Lindsey Hunter" } ]	[ "2018" ]
train_45953	who wrote the song you do something to me	[ { "docid": "63551156", "text": "You Do Something to Me may refer to: You Do Something to Me (Cole Porter song) You Do Something to Me (Dum Dums song) You Do Something to Me (Paul Weller song)", "title": "You Do Something to Me" } ]	[ { "docid": "3949731", "text": "If I Had One Chance To Tell You Something is the eighth studio album from Rebecca St. James. The album includes the hit singles \"Alive\" and \"You Are Loved\". Writing and development St. James co-wrote 11 out of the 12 tracks on the album, with the songs \"God Help Me\" and \"You Are Loved\" being written solely by her. St. James wrote \"God Help Me\" on her 27th birthday and says of the song, \"I love singing this song because to me it’s an essential thought of the Christian life... 'God help me... I’m not enough!'\" The album's first single, \"Alive\", is about how God can refresh people. The title song \"You Are Loved\" was inspired by an old family friend. St. James says, \"This is a song for the prodigals—which is all of us. God is the father that has His arms open wide waiting for us. He wants us to run towards Him and He will run toward us. It’s a song of hope and a message my generation needs to hear. ‘No matter where you've been and what you've done... you are loved.' From this song came the album title—and really the key theme of the project.\" \"Shadowlands\" was inspired by the writings of C.S. Lewis, while \"Love Being Loved By You\" is described by St. James as a worship song. \"I Need You\" was written for St. James's best friend Karleen. \"Beautiful Stranger\" is described by the singer as her \"Compassion International song\". Co-written and co-sung by TobyMac, \"Thank You\" is a simple message of thanks to God. The song \"Take All of Me\" was originally written by Hillsong United artist Marty Sampson and was chosen by St. James because of its worshipful tone. St. James says of \"Forgive Me\", \"This song reminds me of the everlasting beauty of God’s grace.\" The song \"I Can Trust You\" was written as a reminder to trust God. St. James says of the final track, \"Lest I Forget\", \"It’s somewhat of a sobering song but a song of gratefulness that simply treasures what Jesus has done for us.\" If I Had One Chance To Tell You Something is described as \"commercial alternative rock\". It is much edgier and rock-based than St. James' prior album, Worship God. The songs are based in guitars, bass lines, and string arrangements. St. James also dabbles in hip-hop on the track \"Thank You\". The album was produced by Tedd T. and Matt Bronleewe, and producer Shaun Shankel. Track listing Personnel Adapted from liner notes and AllMusic Rebecca St. James – lead and backing vocals Tedd T – programming (1, 3, 8, 9, 12), guitars (1, 8, 9), bass (1, 8) Ainslie Grosser – programming (1, 4) Jeremy Bose – programming (2, 4, 5), string arrangements (2, 4, 5) Carl Marsh – programming (3, 9) Shaun Shankel – programming (6, 7, 11), string arrangements (6, 10) Cary Barlowe – guitars (1, 6) Paul Moak – guitars (1, 3, 8, 9, 12) Rob Hawkins – guitars", "title": "If I Had One Chance to Tell You Something" }, { "docid": "2242843", "text": "\"You Can't Do That\" is a song written by John Lennon (credited to Lennon–McCartney) and released by the English rock band the Beatles as the B-side of their sixth British single \"Can't Buy Me Love\". It was later released on their third UK album A Hard Day's Night (1964). A live rendition of the song was released on the 2016 re-release of The Beatles at the Hollywood Bowl. Composition One of Lennon's semi-autobiographical songs, \"You Can't Do That\" \"contradicted the genial tone with its tense threats, sexual paranoia and nagging, dragging groove\", wrote Robert Sandall. The song's theme of jealousy was revisited in other Lennon compositions, such as \"Run for Your Life\" and \"Jealous Guy\". Influenced by the then relatively unknown Wilson Pickett, it is rooted in the twelve-bar blues form, with Lennon introducing a discordant sharp 9th (F) on the D7th chord, pointedly emphasising \"…I told you before…\" and then pushing this note for the exasperated \"Oh!\" before resolving to the song's key of G. Lennon also composed and played the guitar solo. The work reflected Lennon's love for hard-edged American R&B—\"a cowbell going four in the bar and the chord going chatoong!\" as he put it. George Harrison wrote the intro and outro guitar riff in the studio, according to Tom Petty in Rolling Stone. When asked by Petty how he came up with it, Harrison recalled \"I was just standing there [in the studio] and thought, 'I've got to do something!'\". With filming due to begin on A Hard Day's Night, film director Richard Lester needed the Beatles to provide him with original material ahead of production; \"You Can't Do That\" was selected to be part of the Scala Theatre \"live performance\" scene in the film, but was dropped from the final cut along with \"I'll Cry Instead\" and \"I Call Your Name\". The recording took nine takes to complete, and was considered for the A-side of their next single until McCartney wrote \"Can't Buy Me Love\". Recording and release \"You Can't Do That\" was recorded on Tuesday, 25 February 1964, in EMI Studios in London. An early take with a guide vocal is included on Anthology 1. It was the first song completed in the week before the Beatles began filming A Hard Day's Night, though \"I Should Have Known Better\" and \"And I Love Her\" were also started on the same day. Whilst in New York for The Ed Sullivan Show, guitarist George Harrison was presented with a Rickenbacker 360 Deluxe electric 12-string guitar worth $900 in 1964 ($ now). Only the second one produced, it was recorded for the first time on \"You Can't Do That\" and gave the song its distinctive chiming sound. The song was first released as the B-side of the \"Can't Buy Me Love\" single on 16 March 1964 in the United States by Capitol Records and on 20 March 1964 in the United Kingdom by Parlophone. It was the Beatles' seventh US single and sixth UK single. It was", "title": "You Can't Do That" }, { "docid": "11660577", "text": "\"Pluto\" is a song by Icelandic musician Björk. The song was written and produced by Björk and British producer Mark Bell for Björk's third studio album, Homogenic (1997). Background and development The song is a collaborative effort between Björk and LFO's Mark Bell, who was credited for the majority of the album's co-production. Björk desired to have Mark Bell contribute to her albums Debut and Post, only finding him available for Homogenic. Björk wrote the song on a Nord Lead synthesizer. The final version was a result of Björk and Bell's improvised jam sessions in Málaga, Spain, where the album was recorded. Björk recalls: \"That was me and Mark having a laugh in Spain. It was a [hot] day like this. We got a little amp outside and a keyboard and I just did all these really punk things, just really thinking heavy metal. Most of the tracks I wrote before Mark started on them, so they're more like song-songs, and then Mark would work on beats and arrangements with me afterwards.\" The song's title comes from the astrological concepts of Pluto, the sign ruler of Scorpio. Pluto is sometimes called \"the Great Renewer\": it is the planet of rebirth and transformation that comes from experiences of destruction. A Scorpio herself, Björk has said: \"having a lot in the planet Pluto, which I do, means you want to cut the crap, throw all the rubbish away. No extra baggage. It's death and birth.\" Composition {{listen\|filename=Pluto Björk song.ogg\|title=\"Pluto\"\|description=Homogenics most aggressive track, \"Pluto\" features hard techno beats, Björk's \"primitive-sounding screams\" and destructive lyrics.\|format=Ogg\|pos=left}} Written and produced by Björk and Mark Bell, the four-on-the-floor \"Pluto\" has been described as the \"most techno-sounding composition from the album\" and \"Homogenic'''s most savage song\". The track has also been described as \"industrial-edged\" by Billboard, and James Hunter of Spin wrote \"only with [...] the industrial 'Pluto' does she concentrate on genre.\" Dominique Leone of Pitchfork dubbed the song \"experimental house\". The track has also been identified as IDM. Björk sings in \"primitive-sounding screams\", accentuated by a sampled, digitized beat that creates the perception that her voice is \"natural\" and \"is being manipulated by something completely technological\". Although her voice and the beats give the song its hard techno sound, their methodical rhythm \"also evoke chantlike characteristics\". David Browne of Entertainment Weekly wrote she sings along drum and bass rhythms \"trying to do with techno what vocalese singers did with bebop nearly 50 years ago\". Musicologist Sheila Whiteley wrote that \"the jagged electronic samples and frenetic 140bpm of 'Pluto' creates an uneasy feel.\" \"Pluto\"'s aesthetic is part of the \"aggressive, macho\" feeling Björk was trying to convey in Homogenic. The track also goes in hand with the album's tribute to her native Iceland; \"Pluto\" is inspired by Icelandic mythology. In an interview with David Hemingway, Björk said: \"you have this saga where the Gods get aggressive and the world explodes and everything dies and then the sun comes up and everything starts all over again;\" referring to", "title": "Pluto (song)" }, { "docid": "63502111", "text": "\"You Do Something to Me\" is a song by British singer-songwriter Paul Weller, released in July 1995 by Go! Discs as the third single from his third solo album, Stanley Road (1995). The song, written by Weller and produced by him with Brendan Lynch, reached number nine on the UK Singles Chart and was a top-30 hit in the Netherlands. According to Weller, the song is about unattainable love, despite being a popular number at wedding receptions. Its music video was directed by writer and director Sonja Phillips. Critical reception David Stubbs from Melody Maker described the song as \"balmy\". Another Melody Maker editor, Paul Mathur, wrote that it \"could easily be played on Radio 2. Maybe it already is. And it's got a chorus about dancing through the fire to catch a flame that wouldn't necessarily find it too hard to fit in at a Bryan Adams Metaphors Convention. And there's a guitar solo that bunked off from Eric Clapton's residency at the Albert Hall.\" Johnny Dee from NME commented, \"You might as well start buying Chris De Burgh if \"You Do Something to Me\" does something to you, since it sounds like \"You Look Wonderful Tonight\" anyway. It is the very essence of dullness, all guitar noodles, cod cool, meaningful vocals and a rock of ages arrangement.\" Dee was apparently misremembering the Chris DeBurgh track \"The Lady In Red\", seemingly confusing it with Eric Clapton's \"Wonderful Tonight\". Charts Certifications References 1995 singles 1995 songs Song recordings produced by Brendan Lynch (music producer) Songs written by Paul Weller Paul Weller songs", "title": "You Do Something to Me (Paul Weller song)" }, { "docid": "14596826", "text": "WBBD - Bootcity!: The Remix Album is a remix album released by R&B group Bell Biv DeVoe. It was released on August 27, 1991 via MCA Records, and was composed of remixes of songs from the group's debut album Poison. The album reached No. 18 on the Billboard 200. It was certified gold on October 23, 1991. Bobby Brown, Johnny Gill and Ralph Tresvant appear on \"Word to the Mutha!\", making for a New Edition reunion. Critical reception The Rolling Stone Album Guide wrote that \"the beefed up beats are generally a plus,\" but panned the New Edition reunion. The Sun Sentinel called the album \"unimaginative,\" writing that \"buried underneath all this remixing, heavy studio gimmickry, scratching and technological gymnastics, the group's vocals are barely audible.\" The Globe and Mail wrote that \"deejays and those who live to dance will revel in the furious, bottom-heavy rhythms.\" Track listing Intro/D.J. Opening Word to the Mutha! Ain't Nut'in' Changed! B.B.D. (I Thought It Was Me)? [DJ Mo Grind Time] Do Me! [Smooth] I Do Need You Interview/Uhh Ahh Let Me Know Something! She's Dope! [EPOD Mix] Do Me! [Mental] When Will I See You Smile Again? [DJ Close] Poison [London Style] Certifications References Bell Biv DeVoe albums 1991 remix albums MCA Records remix albums", "title": "WBBD-Bootcity!: The Remix Album" }, { "docid": "62330872", "text": "\"Up All Night\" is a song by American singer-songwriter Khalid. It was released as a single through RCA Records on November 14, 2019. Khalid wrote the song with producers Digi and Chrome Sparks. Background In a statement, Khalid said that he wrote \"Up All Night\" while he was on his Free Spirit World Tour:\"Up All Night\" is a song that I wrote while on tour. It's really special to me and I'm so excited that I am able to share it with my fans so quickly. I've been touring around the world, and interacting with my fans each night has been really inspiring. I'm working hard on some more new music to share with you guys soon! Before the release of the song, Khalid sent it to his mother via text message. She wrote: \"I love the energy the song gives me!\". Khalid jokingly replied: \"Makes me wanna do the running man\". Composition and lyrics \"Up All Night\" is an \"ethereal R&B jam\" that is set in the key of C major. Lyrically, rather than Khalid's usual songs about relationships, he uses the song to be more introspective about his life and the thoughts that keep him up all night. A \"mellow\" song, he \"sings over a spare, bouncy beat\" before the song rises even further: \"Take me around the world and back again / As I'm searching for my soul out there / Oh, there's something that I'm wondering / Where I'm going when my story ends\". He uses falsetto in the chorus: \"Keeps me up all night / Keeps me / Get these thoughts that keep me up all night / Keeps me / Keeps me up all night / Keeps me\". Charts Certifications References 2019 singles 2019 songs Khalid (singer) songs Songs written by Khalid (singer) RCA Records singles", "title": "Up All Night (Khalid song)" }, { "docid": "5023288", "text": "\"Sorry Seems to Be the Hardest Word\" is a song written by English musician Elton John and songwriter Bernie Taupin. It was recorded by Elton John and released in 1976, both as a single and as part of the Blue Moves album. It was John's second single released by The Rocket Record Company. The song is a mournful ballad about a romantic relationship which is falling apart. The song also appeared the following year on Greatest Hits Volume II, though for copyright reasons it no longer appears on the current version of that album. It now appears on Greatest Hits 1976–1986, The Very Best of Elton John, Greatest Hits 1970–2002 and Diamonds as well as a number of other compilations. Background and composition \"Sorry Seems to Be the Hardest Word\" is a mournful ballad about a romantic relationship that is falling apart. Bernie Taupin said: \"It's a pretty simple idea, but one that I think everyone can relate to at one point or another in their life. That whole idealistic feeling people get when they want to save something from dying when they basically know deep down inside that it's already dead. It's that heartbreaking, sickening part of love that you wouldn't wish on anyone if you didn't know that it's inevitable that they're going to experience it one day.\" Elton John began writing the song in 1975 in Los Angeles. Whilst many of his songs involved Taupin writing lyrics first, then John writing the music later, John wrote the melody and most of the lyrics for \"Sorry Seems to Be the Hardest Word\", and Taupin completed it afterwards. John explained: \"I was sitting there and out it came, 'What have I got to do to make you love me.'\" Taupin later said: \"I don't think he was intending on writing a song, but we were sitting around an apartment in Los Angeles, and he was playing around on the piano and he came up with this melody line, and I said, 'Hey, that's really nice.' For some reason this lyrical line, 'Sorry seems to be the hardest word' ran through my head, and it fit perfectly with what he was playing. So I said, 'Don't do anything more to that, let me go write something,' so I wrote it out in a few minutes and we had the song.\" Taupin added: \"[The i]nteresting thing about 'Sorry Seems to Be the Hardest Word' is that it's one of the rare occasions when Elton played me a melody line that inspired a lyric, as opposed to our routine of the lyrics always coming first. He was messing around on the piano one day and was playing something and asked me what did I think. It was actually pretty immediate, the title and the first couple of lines came into my head in a way that I guess I felt they were already there and just needed a little prompting.\" Reception Billboard praised John's vocal performance, calling it \"almost painfully sincere and", "title": "Sorry Seems to Be the Hardest Word" }, { "docid": "14084799", "text": "Craig David Thomas is an American television writer who, along with writing partner Carter Bays, has written episodes of American Dad!, Oliver Beene, Quintuplets and the hit CBS sitcom How I Met Your Mother, which they created in 2005. In 2012 How I Met Your Mother won a People's Choice Awards. Along with Carter Bays he is a member of The Solids, who perform the theme song to How I Met Your Mother. He has been nominated for seven primetime Emmy Awards, including Best Original Song for \"Nothing Suits Me Like a Suit\". After graduating from Wesleyan University in 1997, Thomas wrote for the Late Show with David Letterman for 5 years. In 2014, he shot a pilot for the show How I Met Your Dad with his partner Carter Bays, Emily Spivey and Greta Gerwig, but CBS asked them to do a second pilot, and they refused. On April 15, 2019, Thomas joined a host of other writers in firing their agents as part of the WGA's stand against the ATA and the practice of packaging. In addition to his writing, Thomas has fundraised extensively for Dr. Paul Grossfeld's lab at the Rady Children's Hospital of San Diego. Grossfeld's lab conducts research into the genetic causes of congenital heart disease, particularly Jacobsen syndrome, a rare genetic disorder caused by the loss of a part of the 11th human chromosome. Works How I Met Your Mother \"Pilot\" \"Purple Giraffe\" \"The Pineapple Incident\" \"Life Among the Gorillas\" \"Nothing Good Happens After 2 A.M.\" \"Milk\" \"Come On\" \"Where Were We?\" \"Monday Night Football\" \"Bachelor Party\" \"Something Blue\" \"Wait for It\" \"The Platinum Rule\" \"No Tomorrow\" \"Ten Sessions\" \"The Chain of Screaming\" \"Miracles\" \"Do I Know You?\" \"The Best Burger in New York\" \"Woooo!\" \"The Stinsons\" \"As Fast as She Can\" \"The Leap\" \"Definitions\" \"Robin 101\" \"The Playbook\" \"Girls Versus Suits\" \"Rabbit or Duck\" \"Doppelgangers\" \"Big Days\" \"Architect of Destruction\" \"Natural History\" \"Last Words\" \"Oh Honey\" \"Landmarks\" \"Challenge Accepted\" \"The Best Man\" \"Ducky Tie\" \"The Rebound Girl\" \"Tailgate\" \"The Burning Beekeeper\" \"The Broath\" \"Good Crazy\" \"The Magician's Code\" \"Farhampton\" \"The Pre-Nup\" \"The Final Page\" \"Band or DJ?\" \"P.S. I Love You\" \"Bad Crazy\" \"The Ashtray\" \"The Time Travelers\" \"Something Old\" \"Something New\" \"The Locket\" \"Coming Back\" \"Mom And Dad\" \"Bedtime Stories\" \"Bass Player Wanted\" \"Slapsgiving 3: Slappointment in Slapmarra\" \"How Your Mother Met Me\" \"Sunrise\" \"Rally\" \"Daisy\" \"The End of the Aisle\" \"Last Forever\" Oliver Beene \"Dancing Beene\" \"The Nudie Mag\" \"X-Ray Specs\" \"A Trip To Connie Island\" \"Oliver and The Otters\" The Goodwin Games \"Pilot\" \"The Hamletta\" American Dad! \"Stan of Arabia: Part 2\" He did audio commentary for his episode of American Dad! and has been prominent in the How I Met Your Mother DVD audio commentaries. Songwriting The Solids \"Soap On Your Skin\" \"You Don't Know What You've Begun\" \"Dishwasher\" \"Guns\" \"Clowns Like Candy\" \"Across The Overpass\" \"My Best Year\" \"Hey Good News\" \"Second Coat\" \"Noisemaker\" \"Page for the Kid\" \"February Graffiti\" \"Webb Pierce Song\" \"Widow to a Haircut\" \"The", "title": "Craig Thomas (screenwriter)" }, { "docid": "28133714", "text": "\"Do Something\" is a song written by Sam H. Stept and Bud Green for the Paramount Pictures film Nothing But the Truth (1929), in which the song was performed by Helen Kane. The scene of Kane singing this song is missing from the only existing print of the movie. Kane also had a hit recording of the song for Victor Records, which she recorded in 1929. The sheet music, bearing Kane's photo, and phonograph record both state that the song is from Nothing But the Truth. The song was also used in the soundtrack of the film Syncopation (1929) where it was sung by Dorothy Lee. The lyrics to the song are as follows: Oh honey, oh honey! Why is it that you act so funny? When we should be making love? Oh, I'm willing, I'm so willing, But nothing that you do seems thrilling. I long for your pettin'; Where am I gettin'? There's the moon, way up high, Here are you, here am I, Oh, do, do, do something! I ain't been hugged, and I ain't been kissed, And I want to see just what I've missed. So, oh do, oh do something! I got the time and the place, and the place and the time, I know, I got a bench and a park, and a park and a bench, and all! You know, other pairs, they're making haste; But, look at me, I'm just going to waste So, oh do, oh do something!Summer night, stars are low;Oh, tell me, what are we waitin' for, huh?Oh come on honey, oh come on, do something!Boop-oop-a-doop!You know, it's been told, and explained,That nothing tried is nothing gainedOh, do, do, do something!I've got a kiss and a hug and a kiss or twoI want to give them away, and I'm gonna give them away to you!Boop-boop-boop-a-doop!Sittin' around just seems so dumb;And, look at me, I'm just gettin numbSo, oh do, oh do something!All alone, just we two,And I feel so bup-bup-a-do!So, oh do, do, do!Bup-a-dup-a-dup-a-dup Boop-oop-a-doop!See also Boop-Oop-a-DoopNothing But the Truth (1929 film)Syncopation (1929 film)'' References External links Nothing But the Truth (1929) at Richard Dix website Do Something at Heptune website Do Something at IMDB 1929 songs Songs written for films Songs with music by Sam H. Stept Songs with lyrics by Bud Green", "title": "Do Something (1929 song)" }, { "docid": "22570012", "text": "\"She Likes It in the Morning is the title of a country music song written by Clay Walker and M. Jason Greene. It was recorded by American singer Clay Walker on his 2007 album Fall album and released as the album's third and final single. The song is Walker's twenty-ninth single release on the Billboard country singles charts. However, it was his only his second single to miss the top forty. Background Walker stated in the website Nashville Hype that She Likes It in the Morning is \"A song that’s playful and at the same time says that a woman needs to know that she’s the most important thing in your life. A woman wants to be treated like a queen. She wants to know that she is absolutely everything to you. That’s what this song is basically saying. It’s a ballad and it really reminds me of some of the stuff that I grew up listening to and loved–some of the early George Strait stuff and even a touch of some Conway Twitty in there and Earl Thomas Conley. It just has that late 80′s feel to it and I love that.\" In an interview with Country Weekly Walker said, \"I was in Flagstaff, Arizona, and came up with that idea. I wrote it with a good friend of mine, Jason Greene. It has that real traditional sound to it, but at the same time it’s very modern. The song itself is a sweet song, and it’s one of those that I feel like women and men both get. It’s masculine enough for men to like and tender enough for women. The title makes people pay attention a little bit. It’s definitely got a little shock factor to it. It can seem a little risqué at the beginning, but it’s not. It’s a tongue-in-cheek thing. As soon as you hear the second line you get it. That’s the fun of writing, and the art of writing—the fact that you can lead somebody one way, then go another.” When asked about writing songs, Walked said, \"As a writer, I really look for deep feelings inside myself to write about. You can learn how to write creatively with literature and study. You can even call it a craft as some writers do. It’s like a movie, if it isn’t something that is hitting you in a deep place and causing you to have emotions than its probably not going to do that in other people. So, when I’m writing, the things that inspire me are real emotions.\" Content The song is about how the male narrator and his female lover show their love for each other. Reception Matt C of Engine 145 gave the song a thumbs down rating. He criticized the song's title as potential to hurt the song's success, \"When I read “She Like it in the Morning,” the first thing that came to mind was something a lot less polite than what Walker's crooning about. “She Likes it", "title": "She Likes It in the Morning" }, { "docid": "23703200", "text": "\"You Do Something To Me\" is a song by Dum Dums, released as their 3rd single in 2000. It was also included on their album It Goes Without Saying. Track listing CD1 (Released September 11, 2000) \"You Do Something to Me\" - 3:47 \"It Goes Without Saying\" - 2:50 \"Robot Boy\" - 2:41 CD2 (Released September 11, 2000) \"You Do Something to Me\" - 3:50 \"I Can't Stand It\" - 3:43 \"Running Away\" - 3:35 \"You Do Something to Me (Video)\" Chart performance \"You Do Something to Me\" entered the UK Singles Chart the week of 11-09-2000 at #27. References Dum Dums (band) songs 2000 singles 2000 songs Song articles with missing songwriters", "title": "You Do Something to Me (Dum Dums song)" }, { "docid": "7023322", "text": "Something Wonderful was the second album by the American vocalist Nancy Wilson, it was released in October 1960 by Capitol Records, and arranged by Billy May. As with her debut album on the label, Like in Love, she was teamed up with Billy May, one of its star arrangers, who had come to prominence through his outstanding work with such singers as Nat King Cole, Dean Martin and Frank Sinatra. The album spawned one of Wilson's all-time signature songs, \"Guess Who I Saw Today\". Another highlight was \"What a Little Moonlight Can Do\", which was, as critic Pete Welding wrote in his liner notes to the 1996 three-CD set Ballads, Blues & Big Bands: The Best of Nancy Wilson, \"a song so closely associated with the sublime Billie Holiday (that) few would even have attempted it, let alone brought it off so well, with just the right blend of lightheartedness and sincerity.\" In 2003, the UK label EMI Gold re-issued Something Wonderful on a 2-for-1 CD, coupled with its natural companion, Like in Love. Track listing \"Teach Me Tonight\" (Gene de Paul, Sammy Cahn) – 2:51 \"This Time the Dream's on Me\" (Johnny Mercer, Harold Arlen) – 2:19 \"I'm Gonna Laugh You Out of My Life\" (Cy Coleman, Joseph Allen McCarthy) – 2:40 \"I Wish You Love\" (Léo Chauliac, Charles Trenet) – 2:00 \"Guess Who I Saw Today\" (Murray Grand, Elisse Boyd) – 3:27 \"If Dreams Come True\" (Edgar Sampson, Benny Goodman) – 1:49 \"What a Little Moonlight Can Do\" (Harry M. Woods) – 2:27 \"The Great City\" (Curtis Lewis) – 2:43 \"He's My Guy\" (Gene de Paul, Don Raye) – 2:28 \"Something Happens to Me\" (Marvin Fisher, Jack Segal) – 1:58 \"Call It Stormy Monday (But Tuesday Is Just as Bad)\" (T-Bone Walker) – 2:28 \"Something Wonderful Happens\" (Del Guerico, Gamse, Thorn) – 2:47 Personnel Performance Nancy Wilson – vocals Billy May – arranger, conductor Pete Candoli – trumpet Frank Beach – trumpet Conrad Gozzo – trumpet Mannie Klein – trumpet George Roberts – trombone Si Zentner – trombone Murray McEachern – trombone Lloyd Ulyate – trombone Ben Webster – tenor saxophone Justin Gordon – flute Emil Richards – vibraphone Milt Raskin – piano & celeste Jack Marshall – guitar Joe Comfort – bass Shelly Manne – drums References 1960 albums Nancy Wilson (jazz singer) albums Albums arranged by Billy May Albums produced by Dave Cavanaugh Capitol Records albums Albums recorded at Capitol Studios", "title": "Something Wonderful (album)" }, { "docid": "1623657", "text": "\"Candy Shop\" is the second single by rapper 50 Cent from his second commercial album, The Massacre (2005). It features Olivia and was written by 50 Cent and the song's producer, Scott Storch. The single was released through Interscope Records, Eminem's Shady Records, Dr. Dre's Aftermath Entertainment, and 50 Cent's G-Unit Records. \"Candy Shop\" peaked at number one on the Billboard Hot 100, becoming 50 Cent's third number one single and fifth top-ten single. It received mixed reviews from critics, with some calling it a retread of 50 Cent's collaboration with Lil' Kim on \"Magic Stick\" (2003). At the 2006 Grammy Awards, it was nominated for Best Rap Song, and at the 2005 MTV Video Music Awards, the music video was nominated for Best Male Video. Background In an interview with XXL magazine, rapper Fat Joe claimed that he helped produce the track while working with producer Scott Storch. He stated: When writing the song, 50 Cent stated: Composition \"Candy Shop\" is a mid-tempo dancefloor track. The song was produced by Scott Storch, who took influence from Middle Eastern music. The track samples The Salsoul Orchestra's \"Love Break\". The production was described by IGN as having a \"Middle Eastern tinge\" with synthesized strings that \"unleash a darkly atonal whirl that sounds too much like something either Timbaland or The Neptunes or Mannie Fresh have concocted\". The Guardian wrote that the production contains \"wan-sounding imitations of the Neptunes' sparse, breathy funk\". PopMatters described the bridge as being \"relaxed yet faintly ominous\" with 50 Cent and Olivia crooning: \"Girl what we do (what we do) / And where we do (and where we do) / The things we do (things we do) / Are just between me and you (oh yeah).\" Rolling Stone noted the chorus for 50 Cent's \"amateur-sounding tenor croon\". Critical reception The song received mixed reviews from critics. PopMatters described it as \"dripping with sexual energy and cool\" and is \"sexy as hell, but contains a pretty unmistakable edge of hostility, macho swagger, and thunderous chest thumping.\" Entertainment Weekly wrote that it was an \"appealing throwaway single\" and lyrics such as \"after you work up a sweat, you can play with the stick\" are not seductions; \"they're orders\". MusicOMH wrote that the chemistry between 50 Cent and Olivia \"is almost as explicit as the lyrics ... the bass line is made for grinding to\". Author Ethan Brown, in a review of The Massacre, called the track \"uninspiring\" and \"nearly identical\" to his previous collaboration with Lil' Kim on \"Magic Stick\". He stated that 50 Cent seemed too content with his \"hypersexual image\" among other things and \"not inspired enough to work beyond the same old attention-getting schemes.\" Pitchfork Media listed \"Candy Shop\" as a reprise of \"Magic Stick\" both \"in beats and in timbre\", and Stylus magazine said it was \"more of the same\" as his previous collaboration. Billboard wrote that 50 Cent \"shows little growth lyrically\" with the song being \"typical playa-friendly fodder\". The song was nominated at", "title": "Candy Shop" }, { "docid": "3247853", "text": "Du & jag döden (Swedish for You & Me Death) is the sixth studio album by Swedish alternative rock band Kent. The album was released on 15 March 2005 through RCA Records and Sony BMG. It is the final studio album to feature rhythm guitarist Harri Mänty, who left the band during the recording of Tillbaka till samtiden (2007). Background The band's previous album, Vapen & Ammunition (2002) became a commercial success, but lead singer and primary songwriter Joakim Berg has said it's not the album \"we want to be remembered for\". Kent, along with some critics, felt that Vapen & ammunition was some over-produced and according to rhythm guitarist Harri Mänty the band wanted to \"rediscover, how we sound\". Joakim Berg wanted to distance himself from the verse-chorus-verse based songs from the previous album, saying: \"On this album I didn't want those hands in the air, sing along-choruses. Instead, I wrote longer verses, and the places where you think the chorus will come, there is instead often something else\", and instead he opted for songs with \"a more trance-like feeling\". The title Du & jag döden is a reference to Astrid Lindgren's children's novels Emil i Lönneberga where Emil says \"Du och jag, Alfred\". As the title implies, death is a major theme of the album, of which Joakim Berg has said: \"Many of the songs are about the feeling of immortality, you have within you at the age of 18. Which really is ironic because you are vulnerable especially during that time because life has not hardened you yet. Later you must come to terms with the actions of your past – the years of atonement, I will call them. And then it goes downhill with aging. So when it comes to death, then it is not the exhalation we fear. But the time leading up to it\". The theme is most prominent in the song \"Mannen i den vita hatten (16 år senare)\" where Berg sings \"Vi ska alla en gång dö\" (\"We will all die one day\"). Berg has said of the song: \"Death and taxes are the only thing you cannot avoid. It sounds depressing when you only hear that line, but the gist is that you should not worry, but do something with the time you have. Everyone is striving toward a goal all the time that seem to be based on some kind of dissatisfaction, no matter how well you are feeling.\" Critical reception Anders Nunstedt of Expressen wrote: \"Songs like 'Klåparen' and 'Palace & main' can, as far as I understand, only come from Jocke Berg's pen. And despite the fact that Du & jag döden falters in a couple of places, the album is proof of strength from Sweden's biggest rock band. Full of integrity, passion, darkness, rock 'n' roll – and hits.\" Robert Hoftun Gjestad of Aftenposten wrote: \"The last time Kent released a record, the goal was to exclusively make hit songs. It was successful both musically and commercially.", "title": "Du & jag döden" }, { "docid": "16079772", "text": "\"Something Good\" is a song by English electronic music duo Utah Saints. It was first included as the opening song on a seven-track EP titled Something Good, then later included on their debut album, Utah Saints (1992). The song contains a vocal sample from Kate Bush's \"Cloudbusting\", which had been a top-20 UK hit in 1985. Issued as a single on 25 May 1992, it reached number four on the UK Singles Chart as well as number seven on the US Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart. The BBC used the song during its coverage of the Opening Ceremony of the Barcelona Olympic Games of 1992 and was also used for Carlton Television's pre-launch trailer. In 2007, the track was remixed by Australian band Van She under their electro remix pseudonym, \"Van She Tech\", and released in March 2008 as \"Something Good '08\" with a new music video. Bush's vocal sample was re-recorded by Davina Perera—a West End singer/actress and former Pop Idol contestant—but remained the focal point of the song. The remix entered the top 10 on downloads alone, climbing to number eight on the UK Singles Chart after the CD release. It was the band's first top-20 hit in 15 years. Critical reception Jon Wilde from Melody Maker wrote, \"Kate Bush's ravishing \"Cloudbusting\" sampled to good effect and transformed into a whirligig electo-swirl that is packed with the kind of lecherous tics that are always guaranteed to separate this kind of stuff from the massed ranks of the frighteningly ordinary.\" \"Something Good '08\" music video The music video for \"Something Good '08\", set in a Cardiff bar on St David's Day 1989, and featuring the 'Running Man' dance, was directed by Eran Creevy and choreographed by Kate Prince of ZooNation. It featured lead dancer Anthony Trahearn, dancers Jessica Grist and Simone Edwards, Lee Toomes as the DJ and Matthew Medland as Benjamin Pew. Jez Willis and Tim Garbutt of Utah Saints cameo in the video, as the pool players standing in front of the pool table. The video won the category for Best Dance Video at the UK Music Video Awards 2008. In 2017 Complex.com placed it at number 78 in \"The Best Music Videos of the 2000s\". Track listings \"Something Good\" (1992 UK CD single) \"Something Good\" (7-inch) – 3:33 \"Something Good\" (12-inch) – 5:58 \"Something Good\" (051 Mix) – 5:47 \"Trance Atlantic Flight\" – 7:09 \"Something Good\" (1992 US single) \"Something Good\" – 5:55 \"Anything Can Happen\" – 3:12 \"What Can You Do for Me\" – 6:06 \"Trance Atlantic Flight\" – 7:08 \"Trance Europe Caress\" – 5:01 \"Something Good\" (051 Mix by John Kelley) – 5:45 \"What Can You Do for Me\" (Salt Lake Mix) – 5:53 \"Something Good '08\" (2008 UK CD maxi single) \"Something Good '08\" (radio edit) – 2:44 \"Something Good '08\" (Van She Tech Mix) \"Something Good '08\" (High Contrast Remix) \"Something Good '08\" (Warren Clarke Remix) \"Something Good '08\" (Ian Carey Remix) \"Something Good '08\" (Prok & Fitch Remix) \"Something Good", "title": "Something Good (Utah Saints song)" }, { "docid": "23316183", "text": "Good to be a Stranger is an album by The Orchids, released in 2007. It was recorded by the group when they reunited in 2006 with new members Ronnie Borland and Keith Sharp. \"Good to Be a Stranger is buttoned-down guitar pop at its most shuffling, but when you consider where these lads have been (and just as important, where they're from), it takes this release beyond your standard reunion fare. However, their fans will notice that creative dotage and standard rust hasn't eroded the Orchids' ability to craft toothsome pop delightfully belying their gritty background. \"The Last Thing (On Your Mind)\" tingles with its bits of flute, while the opening horns on \"I Need You to Believe in Me\" and the silvery strings on the choruses of \"Do It for Yourself\" add requisite passion. \"Xylophone Song\" and \"You Could Do Something to Me\" feature softhearted, circular melodies reminiscent of anything the band ever released on Sarah.\" This was the group's fourth album. Remixes of \"Another Saturday Night\" and \"I Need You to Believe in Me\" by Ian Carmichael, who produced the earlier albums, were released later. Track listing \"Good to Be a Stranger\" \"Take My Hand\" \"Xylophone Song\" \"I Need You to Believe in Me\" \"The Last Thing (on your mind)\" \"Another Saturday Night\" \"Down to the Ocean\" \"Feel the Magic\" \"Do It for Yourself\" \"You Could Do Something to Me\" References 2007 albums The Orchids albums", "title": "Good to Be a Stranger" }, { "docid": "15037639", "text": "Christopher Neville Eaton (born 16 September 1958) is a British Contemporary Christian singer-songwriter, who has written songs for singers including Cliff Richard, Amy Grant and Jaci Velasquez. Career Born in Sedgley, Staffordshire, Eaton was a member of the 1980s bands Lyrix and the Mark Williamson Band prior to his solo career. He has toured the US to promote his albums, and also toured Europe as opening act for Art Garfunkel in 1998. He worked on Roger Daltrey's 1987 solo album Can't Wait to See the Movie, singing backing vocals. Eaton wrote Cliff Richard's 1990 UK Christmas No. 1 single \"Saviour's Day\" and has also written songs that have been performed by other CCM artists such as Amy Grant, who recorded a version of Eaton's \"Breath of Heaven\". He also wrote several Jaci Velasquez songs including \"On My Knees\" and \"God So Loved\" as well as producing two albums. Personal life Eaton married singer songwriter Abby Scott in May 2009. He had been previously married, but the marriage ended in 1990. Discography Albums 1986: Vision 1995: Wonderful World 1997: Cruisin (released in North America as What Kind of Love) 2008: Dare to Dream Songs recorded by other artists Eaton has composed many songs recorded by other artists for their albums. Below is a small selection of these:Cliff Richard 1981: Wired for Sound \"Lost in a Lonely World\" and \"Summer Rain\" 1982: Now You See Me, Now You Don't \"Where Do We Go from Here\", \"Little Town\" (rearrangement of \"O Little Town of Bethlehem\") and \"Discovering\" 1987: Always Guaranteed \"Under Your Spell\" 1989: Stronger \"Joanna\" 1990: From a Distance: The Event \"Saviour's Day\"* and \"All the Time You Need\" 2001: Wanted \"Let Me Be the One\"* 2003: Cliff at Christmas \"Santa's List\"* 2004: Something's Goin' On \"For Life\", \"I Don't Wanna Lose You\" and \"Faithful One\" 2015: 75 at 75 \"Golden\"* 2018: Rise Up \"Reborn\"* 2020: Music... The Air That I Breathe \"Falling for You\"* 2022: Christmas with Cliff \"Six Days After Christmas (Happy New Year)\"Amy Grant 1985: Unguarded \"Sharayah\" 1992: Home for Christmas \"Breath of Heaven\"* and \"Emmanuel, God With Us\" 1991: Heart in Motion \"Hats\"Jaci Velasquez 1996: Heavenly Place \"On My Knees\" 1998: Jaci Velasquez (self-titled album) \"God So Loved\"Michael English 1991: Michael English \"Do You Believe in Love\"Russ Taff 1985: Medals \"Here I Am,\" \"How Much It Hurts\" and \"Vision\" 1987: Russ Taff \"Believe in Love\"Rachael Lampa 2000: Live for You \"Live for You\"Diamond Rio 2009: The Reason \"Into Your Hands\" and \"Just Love\"The Imperials 1985: Let the Wind Blow \"In the Promised Land\" 1987: This Year's Model \"Outlander\" and \"Warriors\"Military Voices 2014: \"1914 – The Christmas Truce\"* (feat. Abby Scott, Flt Lt Matt Little, the Raf Spitfire Choir & William Inscoe)(Sheena Easton)' 1995: (album My Cherie) – Dance away the blues Note: * denotes songs released as singles References External links 1958 births English Christians Christian music songwriters English male songwriters Living people People from Sedgley British performers of Christian music", "title": "Chris Eaton (British musician)" }, { "docid": "3298639", "text": "\"Rescue Me\" is a song by British rock band You Me at Six. The song features vocals from Chiddy, one half of the American hip-hop duo Chiddy Bang and was released in the United Kingdom on 13 February 2011; where it debuted at number 21 on the UK Singles Chart and number 50 on the Irish Singles Chart. Chiddy Bang re-released the song on their 2012 album Breakfast as Chiddy Bang featuring You Me at Six. Song creation In an interview with the music magazine Rock Sound in September 2011 Josh Franceschi said that \"Rescue Me\" was a low point for the band. \"We were basically forced to release a song that we didn't want to\", he said. According to Franceschi, the band wanted to end the promotional campaign for Hold Me Down with \"Fireworks\", a ballad which is the last track of the album, but the label wanted a big radio song. \"We got drunk during some time off last year and wrote a song that was like \"Airplanes\" as a joke\", the singer recalled. \"We sent the track in and two weeks later we got a call from our label saying it was the best You Me At Six song we'd ever written... Soon enough, we get another call – they're shooting a video for the song\". Franceschi said he felt like the band had sold out: \"I honestly could not believe I was part of something like that... we've worked too hard getting to where we are to throw it all away because someone who sits in an office thinks he knows more about our fans and our band than we do.\" Music video The music video for the single was made available for streaming on the band's official YouTube page on January 20, 2011. The video shows an American black boxer in preparations alongside his coach and mate for the fight scheduled later, the video ends at the start of the fight when the bell has been rung. The entire video however, features neither the band nor Chiddy in it. Track listing Digital download Chart performance \"Rescue Me\" first charted on 18 February 2011, where it debuted at number 50 on the Irish Singles Chart; marking the band's first hit in the country. On 20 February, \"Rescue Me\" made its debut on the UK Singles Chart at number 21, with sales of 18,589 copies. The chart appearance also marked Chiddy Bang's second top 40 hit, after \"Opposite of Adults\" peaked at number 12 in May 2010. Charts Release history Use in the media An instrumental version of the song was used on the Nine Network's rugby league analysis show 100% Footy. References 2011 singles You Me at Six songs 2011 songs Songs written by Eshraque \"iSHi\" Mughal Virgin Records singles Rock ballads Songs about suicide", "title": "Rescue Me (You Me at Six song)" }, { "docid": "30557860", "text": "\"Show Me How You Burlesque\" is a song recorded by American singer Christina Aguilera for the accompanying soundtrack album to the film Burlesque (2010), which stars Aguilera. It was written by Aguilera, C. \"Tricky\" Stewart and Claude Kelly and was produced by Stewart. The song was released for digital download onto iTunes Store in 2010. Before being released, a demo version of the track, entitled \"Spotlight\" was leaked online. \"Show Me How You Burlesque\" received generally positive reviews from music critics, who praised it as one of the best tracks from the soundtrack. The song charted on several record charts, peaking at number 8 in New Zealand as well as within the top 30 in Australia, Finland, and Switzerland. Aguilera performed \"Show Me How You Burlesque\" on the eleventh season of U.S. television dancing competition Dancing with the Stars in November 2010. Background and composition In support of her sixth studio album, Bionic, Aguilera announced plans for the Bionic Tour. However, on May 24, 2010, the singer and tour promoter Live Nation both posted messages on their websites stating that due to excessive promotion of Bionic and preparing for her upcoming film debut in Burlesque, she felt she would need more time to be able to put together a show that her fans deserve to see. Aguilera stated that this was not possible to do in less than one month between the release of the album and the start of the tour as she would need more time to rehearse. On the accompanying soundtrack for the film, Aguilera had worked with Tricky Stewart. Stewart was the co-writer and producer of two songs, \"Show Me How You Burlesque\" and \"Express\", and also produced a number of tracks, including \"Something's Got a Hold on Me\", \"Tough Lover\" and \"But I Am a Good Girl\". Before being officially released, in early 2010, a demo version of the song, entitled \"Spotlight\", was leaked online. On February 4, 2011, the single was released as a digital download on iTunes Store. \"Show Me How You Burlesque\" was written by Aguilera, Christopher Stewart and Claude Kelly, and was produced by Tricky Stewart. Its music incorporates dance-pop, jazz and R&B genres. Instrumentation comes from saxophone, trombone, trumpet and percussion. The track lasts for a duration of (two minutes and 59 seconds). Set on the \"freely\" tempo of 100–110 beats per minute, \"Show Me How You Burlesque\" was composed in the key of B minor. Aguilera's vocals on the track span two octaves, from the low-note of F♯3 to the high-note of F♯5. Reception \"Show Me How You Burlesque\" garnered mainly positive reviews from music critics. An online blog network, Blogcritics, agreed that the track, alongside \"Express\" are the two best songs throughout the soundtrack. It also wrote, \"Both ['Express' and 'Show Me How You Burlesque'] work better in the context of the movie, where the elaborate visuals help distract from their lack of melody and strong hooks. They are passable album filler tracks\". Movie Exclusive called the song", "title": "Show Me How You Burlesque" }, { "docid": "26264639", "text": "It Amazes Me is Liza Minnelli's second solo studio album, released on May 10, 1965, by Capitol Records. It contained her interpretations of eleven pop standards. After Liza Minnelli's first album for Capitol Records was released in September 1964, she kept busy with a tour (The Fantasticks with Elliott Gould), television appearances, and even co-starred alongside her mother Judy Garland in a series of concerts in London (Judy Garland and Liza Minnelli Live at the London Palladium). The record label wanted to capitalize on the exposure and record a new album that would achieve the success of its predecessor. Recording sessions began in December 1964 and concluded in January 1965. The singer worked with the same team that helped her produce and create Liza! Liza! at Capitol Studios in New York, located at 151 West 46th Street. A bigger budget was also spent for a larger orchestra, with Peter Matz again responsible for the orchestral treatment given to the project. On April 24, Billboard magazine published an advertisement from Capitol about Minnelli's second album to be released by the label. In the same announcement, it was revealed that its title would be It Amazes Me. On May 15 of the same year, Billboard announced that the release would take place that month. The album cover boasts that it \"sounds better than stereo has ever sounded before!\" thanks to the \"New improved Full Dimensional Sound\". Although it was never released individually in the CD format, the eleven tracks, in the original order, appeared on two compilations released by Capitol Records, namely, \"The Complete Capitol Collection\" in 2006, which adopts the original cover of \"Liza! Liza!\"; and in the compilation \"Finest\" in 2009. The first mentioned compilation includes a song that was recorded during the \"It Amazes Me\" sessions but was excluded from the final tracklist: the medley \"Walk Right In\" / \"How Come You Do Me Like You Do.\" Critical reception Reviews from music critics were favorable. William Ruhlmann from the AllMusic website rated the album with three and a half stars out of five. He wrote that the album was created to compete with singer and actress Barbra Streisand, to the point that the arrangements and song selection resembled the material Streisand was doing at that time. He noted that the tastes of producer Peter Matz were evident in the song choices, which prioritized obscure Broadway songs. He concluded by stating that \"the LP as a whole was another solid effort by a young but clearly talented artist.\" The music critic from High Fidelity magazine wrote that although Minnelli bears a resemblance to her mother, \"she possesses her own way of emotional projection,\" which includes humor and a powerful voice. He pointed out that in the tracks \"Wait Till You See Her\" and \"My Shining Hour,\" she recalls her mother but still manages to stand out and bring something new to the music. Finally, he wrote that if Minnelli can resist the \"obvious temptation to model herself too closely after", "title": "It Amazes Me" }, { "docid": "2693170", "text": "Silver & Gold is the 25th studio album by Canadian/American musician Neil Young, released on April 25, 2000. Like the previous albums Comes a Time and Harvest Moon and the subsequent Prairie Wind, it largely features acoustic performances with a backing band of Nashville musicians with a long history of collaboration with Young. Writing The bulk of the album was written and recorded in the late 1990s after touring with Crazy Horse on the H.O.R.D.E. Festival. Young enjoyed writing and performing quieter music after the volume of the band performances. He would explain in a March 2000 radio interview: \"I wrote (\"Good to See You\") in my bus in Florida somewhere. There was a thunderstorm and the HORDE tour was playing. And, you know, we had to shut down for half an hour or something. And so I went to my bus and I was in the back. And my voice was real low ‘cause I’d been playing with Crazy Horse and screaming and yelling and carrying on. So my voice was real low. And I wrote these- a couple of songs. \"Good to See You\" was one of them. And \"Without Rings\".\" Two of the songs date from the early 1980s. The title track, \"Silver and Gold\", dates from 1981, while \"Razor Love\" was first recorded in January 1984. Producing a satisfactory recording of \"Silver and Gold\" had eluded Young over the years, as he explained in a March 2000 radio interview: \"Good To See You\" was written during the HORDE tour, and reflects the feeling of coming home after a long time away. \"Silver & Gold\", first recorded for Old Ways compares the value of a relationship to material things. \"You could take a look at me and say I was really full of it, because I have so many possessions it's ridiculous. But it's dawning on me how useless most of them are.\" \"Daddy Went Walkin'\" was inspired by Young's memories growing up in Ontario, and also memories of growing up as the child of divorced parents: \"Buffalo Springfield Again\" was inspired by Young's memories of his time in the band, which was fresh on his mind from compiling the Buffalo Springfield box set, released the following year, as well as his recent reunion with CSNY. \"What's cool about CSN&Y is it gives Stephen and me a chance to play around with what we were doing back then and take it to another level. When he came up to the ranch to work on the box set, part of it was kind of depressing in the end because I think we both felt like it had all been cut short. We realized how much more there was for us to do.\" \"The Great Divide\" is a sad song that uses geographic metaphor to describe the ups and downs of a relationship. The lyrics to \"Horseshoe Man\" portray a Cupid-like figure that repairs broken relationships. \"He's the one we can all count on, the one who makes things", "title": "Silver & Gold (Neil Young album)" }, { "docid": "40062917", "text": "\"I Was a Fool\" is a song written and performed by Canadian duo Tegan and Sara for their seventh studio album, Heartthrob (2013). Inspired by Rihanna's singles \"Unfaithful\" and \"Umbrella\", the song is about a woman who is in a troubled relationship but doing nothing to fix it, making her seem like a fool. \"I Was a Fool\" was released in Canada as the second single from the album on April 24, 2013, and peaked at nineteen on Canadian Hot 100 and number one on CBC Radio 2 Top 20, making Tegan and Sara the first twins in history to take the top spot on the chart. In July 2013 \"I Was a Fool\" was certified Gold in Canada. Writing In November 2011, Tegan and Sara announced that they were writing new material for their seventh studio album, with Tegan saying that \"[we] are back in our home studios working away at more songs. We’re really looking forward to making a new record now. Our hope is to be in the studio by early 2012.\" Tegan composed \"I Was a Fool\" and wrote the verses and chorus. She began the composition process on a guitar, then moving it to the piano. She was inspired to write a piano ballad after listening to Rihanna's 2006 single \"Unfaithful\": \"I was listening to [it] and wanted to create a similar piano riff.\" She added: \"I was deliberately writing a song that I thought someone like Rihanna would want. I also wrote it thinking of her sort of character, someone who is in the media all the time and is probably not the person they're portrayed to be.\" She also wanted \"I Was a Fool\" to be \"something really sad and kind of fucked, but something that everybody would relate to\", in the vein of Rihanna's \"Umbrella\". As Tegan recalls writing the lyrics, \"I was in Los Angeles where I have a place with my girlfriend and I was messing around on the guitar. We ran out to do some errands and halfway there, I said to my girlfriend, 'We have to go back.' I had the line 'I did behave' stuck in my head so I went home and recorded that one part. It sat on my computer for about a week then I sat down to continue writing and the rest of the song came together really fast.\" Sara wrote the bridge, with Tegan explaining in a track-by-track commentary, \"There were eight or 16 bars of silence in the song—I can't remember what the number was—that I'd just left for her. She called me and was like, \"That is impossible! You need to put a guitar or something in there.\" So I ended up just using the same chords from the chorus, and she sang overtop of it.\" Production The original demo of \"I Was a Fool\" consisted only of a piano, an acoustic guitar and synths. Tegan showed it with six producers, one of them who was Greg Kurstin: \"he was", "title": "I Was a Fool" }, { "docid": "2253431", "text": "You Are Free is the sixth studio album by Cat Power, the stage name and eponymous band of American singer-songwriter Chan Marshall. It was released in 2003 on Matador Records. The album features guest appearances by Dave Grohl of Foo Fighters, Eddie Vedder of Pearl Jam and Warren Ellis of the Dirty Three. Recording You Are Free was recorded over the course of a year, the longest Marshall had spent recording an album at that point. Marshall and engineer Adam Kasper recorded about 40 songs during these sessions. In a 2003 interview with Pitchfork, Marshall explained the album was recorded \"Sporadically. While I was traveling...Adam was working on other things, and I worked on his schedule. He'd get these really nice studios, and when he had off time we'd go in and then try to remember what we did like two months ago and pull that tape up. I'd be like, 'Uh, no, I wanna do something new,' and then I'd write a new song. So it basically worked like that-- every few months getting together and essentially writing new songs.\" According to Marshall, Kasper helped her decide which of the 40 songs they recorded should make it onto the album. Marshall revealed that she chose Kasper because \"I was looking for somebody who would let me do what I wanted to do, who's a really good engineer,\" and said that she saw him as an engineer, rather than a producer. Numerous songs on the album are performed solo, with only Marshall on vocals and guitar or piano. Dave Grohl plays drums on the songs \"Speak For Me,\" \"He War\" and \"Shaking Paper,\" and plays bass on \"Shaking Paper.\" Eddie Vedder provides backing vocals on \"Good Woman\" and \"Evolution,\" while Warren Ellis plays violin on \"Good Woman.\" The songs \"Good Woman\" and \"Werewolf\" feature string arrangements by David Campbell, which were recorded after Marshall's vocals had been completed, at the Boat Studio in Los Angeles, California. Reception You Are Free, Marshall's first album of original material since the critically acclaimed Moon Pix (1998), has received widespread critical acclaim since its release. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 82, based on 26 reviews, which indicates \"universal acclaim\". Kelefa Sanneh of Rolling Stone wrote that \"Free may be her most beautiful album, as well as her cagiest: There are gaunt rock songs and ramshackle ballads, all painted with bold, sure strokes that belie her ambivalence.\" Heather Phares of AllMusic wrote that \"You Are Free may take awhile longer than expected to unfold, but once it does, its excellence is undeniable.\" Chris Ott of Pitchfork called it an album \"full of arresting, serene beauty...Sans a handful of lesser inclusions and tributes, the imaginary, shorter version of You Are Free is flawless.\" In 2009, Pitchfork placed the album at number 98 on their \"The Top 200 Albums of the 2000s\" list. \"Werewolf\" is on the soundtrack of Pedro", "title": "You Are Free" }, { "docid": "6874593", "text": "\"I Want Your (Hands on Me)\" is a song performed by Irish singer-songwriter Sinéad O'Connor. The song was released in April 1988 by Chrysalis as the fourth single from her debut album, The Lion and the Cobra (1987) and was later remixed to include rapper MC Lyte. O'Connor co-wrote it with Mike Clowes, John Reynolds, Rob Dean and Spike Holifield. And she also co-produced it with Kevin Mooney. Remix In 1988, O'Connor released two remixed versions of \"I Want Your (Hands On Me)\" featuring rapper MC Lyte, \"a grittier 'Street' mix and a 'Dance' mix both mixed by Audio Two\". Curious why O'Connor had requested she be featured on the song, MC Lyte asked, “Why do you want me?” MC Lyte indicated O'Connor was intrigued by one of MC Lyte's lyrics (\"Shut the fuck up\"), especially that a \"young person [was] using this language to get her point across and she wanted [MC Lyte] to say the words exactly like that on the remix.\" Okayplayer noted, \"At face value, MC Lyte and Sinéad O’Connor are a pretty unorthodox pairing, though really they were kindred spirits. [...] Individually, their music is diametrically opposed in sound. [...] However, when the two joined forces [...], it was like night and day met in an eclipse. A moment that changed the course for women in hip-hop simply by giving them another avenue to explore.\" Critical reception Upon the release, Ben Thompson from NME wrote, \"'Rocking It Live Non-stop', or something like that, it's Sinead O'Connor and MC Lyte. The thinking woman's Kate Bush is in danger of becoming the thinking man's Kate Bush if she doesn't watch it. The follow-up to the devilishly catchy 'Mandinka' is a strange throbbing sort of a song which dares to rhyme 'Please Me' with 'Tease Me'. You gave a little wink I guess you knew, apparently. This one will take a bit of getting used to.\" In 2021, Pitchfork said \"I Want Your (Hands On Me)\" is O'Connor's \"rare song that feels modeled after hits of the era, an early attempt at blending her blunt-force, hip-hop influence with gentler melodic gifts.\" Following O'Connor's death in July 2023, multiple news sources recognized \"I Want Your (Hands on Me)\" among other songs in her repertoire. The Guardian, Los Angeles Times, Spin, and Billboard included it on their lists of O'Connor's best songs. The Guardian'''s Annie Zaleski said the song \"was revolutionary in its own way. Musically, it was a sensual funk seduction with a liquid bass groove and percolating hip-hop beats; the aural equivalent of O’Connor’s forthright lyrics, which are frank on sexual desire, and her unapologetic come-hither vocals.\" Stephen Thomas Erlewine, writing for Los Angeles Times, wrote, \"O’Connor’s music burns so brightly in its intensity that the playfulness of 'I Want Your (Hands on Me)' remains startling. Setting the song to a bright, bustling drum loop, O’Connor sings over a hip-hop beat, her longing serving as a tantalizing contrast to the colorful rhythms.\" They continued, noting, \"O’Connor never attempted", "title": "I Want Your (Hands on Me)" }, { "docid": "58390111", "text": "\"Don't Look Now (It Ain't You or Me)\" is a song written by John Fogerty that was first released on Creedence Clearwater Revival's 1969 album Willy and the Poor Boys. It has also appeared on several of the group's live and compilation albums. It was covered by Minutemen on their 1984 album Double Nickels on the Dime. Lyrics and music \"Don't Look Now (It Ain't You or Me)\" follows \"Fortunate Son\" on Willy and the Poor Boys and it follows up the latter's political theme of class disparities. \"Don't Look Now (It Ain't You or Me)\" supports common laborers at the expense of rock stars and hippies. It critiques the fact that hippies get to enjoy their idealism and their music, but while they are having fun and ignoring responsibilities the less fortunate have to do the hard work such as farming, mining and making clothing. It is structured as a series of questions, such as \"Who will work the field with his hands?\" \"Who takes the coal from the mines?\" \"Who takes the salt from the earth?\" and \"Who will keep the promises that you don't have to keep?\" It answers the questions by stating, \"Don't look now, it ain't you or me\". In a manner reminiscent of Bob Dylan's \"Blowin' in the Wind\", the first two questions in each verse are practical ones, such as the ones about working the field or mining for coal or salt, while the third and last question of each verse is more metaphysical, such as the one about keeping promises. Fogerty stated that while like many in his generation he was concerned about what was happening in America at the time, he was also concerned about issues with his hippie generation itself. Fogerty stated: We're all so ethnic now, with our long hair and shit. But, when it comes to doing the real crap that civilization needs to keep it going ... who's going to be the garbage collector? None of us will. Most of us will say, \"That's beneath me, I ain't gonna do that job\". Fogerty also stated that \"It was a challenge really to take a look at yourself. Most of us refuse to get involved with the dirty work of humanity\". Creedence Clearwater Revival drummer Doug Clifford later explained: That's a song that will slap you right in the face...It's a sobering tune, if you listen to the lyrics. It's a period of time when everyone was pointing the finger at our generation saying \"This isn't right, this isn't right\". But how many people were really going to do something about it? It's real easy to point your finger and knock something, but to get in there and roll up your sleeves and change it for the better these are the real leaders in the world. That song can really ring a chord of truth about a lot of people's basic laws. That's one of my favorite songs, quite frankly. It has everything in it: Great message, nice", "title": "Don't Look Now (It Ain't You or Me)" }, { "docid": "24581541", "text": "\"Papers\" is a song by American urban recording artist Usher. The song was a buzz single for his sixth studio album Raymond v. Raymond. It was written by Usher, Alonzo \"Gorilla Zoe\" Mathis, Sean Garrett and Zaytoven, and was produced by the latter two. Although it was never identified as a track from the album, or as the lead single, it was released to U.S. urban and rhythmic radio stations on October 12, 2009, and subsequently available for digital download on October 16, 2009. The song peaked at number thirty-one on the Billboard Hot 100 and topped the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs, giving Usher his tenth number one song on the chart. Background and composition In June 2009, co-writer and producer of the song, Xavier \"Zaytoven\" Dotson revealed to MTV News that he worked with Usher on a song. Zaytoven divulged a few details, saying, \"I can't wait for something like that to come out, so people can see I do more than just hip-hop. I can do R&B, pop, gospel ... whatever genre of music that's out. If you listen to [this new Usher song], you can't say, 'Zaytoven did that.'\" According to Zaytoven in another interview with MTV News, the track was originally called \"Filing Papers\". Zaytoven said, \"This is before there were any reports about Usher's marriage in the news. So I was thinking to myself, 'Is he trying to say something?' I don't know what Usher is going through, but Sean Garrett made a song about filling out papers, divorce papers. The beat, it's got a bounce to it. It's outta here.\" Sean Garrett later clarified, stating that the song was not necessarily called \"Filing Papers\", Garret commented, \"Let's say I wrote a record for Usher three or four months ago where I really didn't have any idea of what he was going through personally. I work really hard at creating records I feel that's gonna fit like a glove to an artist. Me and Usher have a close relationship; I tend to sort of assist certain artists in giving them a direction, where I think they need to go in their next move. I felt that was the direction we needed to go. I felt that was the question everyone wanted to know: Was [his relationship] good or was it bad? Was it right? Are you happy or you're not?\" Garrett continued to maintain that he had no idea of Usher's state of marriage during the time of the song's development, stating that the record could have meant anything, saying, \"I'm a heavy believer in God. I'm a Pisces. My intuition is crazy. I think that's healthy in the process for me writing and producing for people. Maybe it was a sign of what my man was going through and he needed to get out. Maybe it was something she needed to hear as a wake-up call to her.\" In October 2009, the track was released as the album's buzz single, not intended to be the", "title": "Papers (song)" }, { "docid": "18415864", "text": "Back To Bacharach and David is an Off-Broadway revue that featured the songs of Burt Bacharach and Hal David in a show created by Steve Gunderson and Kathy Najimy and directed by Najimy, with musical arrangements and orchestrations by Gunderson. The revue comprises the Bacharach/David songs from 1960–1970. Production history The show originally had a limited run at Steve McGraw's Club in New York City in September 1992 and starred Gunderson, Melinda Gilb, Susan Mosher and Carla Renata Williams. It workshopped with Alice Ripley and Lillias White. The show then ran at \"Club 53\" in New York City from March 11, 1993 through September 11, 1993, with Gunderson, Gilb, Mosher and White. The revue was produced by the North Coast Repertory Theatre in San Diego in August 2006 with Gunderson and Gilb in a production directed by original choreographer Javier Velasco, and was attended by Burt Bacharach himself, and later by Hal David, who had been a supporter of the show during its original Off Broadway run. The revue was produced at the Music Box in Los Angeles, California, from April 19 through May 17, 2009. Directed by Najimy, the cast featured \"American Idol\" finalist Diana DeGarmo, \"American Idol\" contestant Tom Lowe, Tressa Thomas and Susan Mosher. The show was revised and includes two songs not previously featured, including \"What's New Pussycat,\" for DeGarmo. Another revue featuring the works of Bacharach and David, The Look of Love, was produced on Broadway in 2003. Concept and songs There is no narrative. Songs include \"A House is Not A Home\", \"Alfie,\" \"Always Something There to Remind Me\", \"Another Night,\" \"Any Old Time of the Day,\" \"Anyone Who Had a Heart,\" \"April Fools,\" \"Are You There With Another Girl,\" \"Close to You,\" \"Do You Know the Way to San Jose,\" \"Don't Make Me Over,\" \"I Just Have to Breathe,\" \"I Say a Little Prayer for You,\" \"I'll Never Fall in Love Again,\" \"Just Don't Know What to Do With Myself,\" \"Knowing When to Leave,\" \"Let Me Be Lonely,\" \"Let Me Go to Him,\" \"The Look of Love,\" \"Message to Michael\", \"My Little Red Book,\" \"Nikki,\" \"One Less Bell to Answer,\" \"Promises, Promises,\" \"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head,\" \"Reach Out for Me,\" \"This Empty Place,\" \"This Guy's in Love With You,\" \"Trains and Boats and Planes,\" \"24 Hours from Tulsa,\" \"Walk on By,\" \"What the World Needs Now Is Love,\" \"Whoever You Are I Love You,\" and \"You'll Never Get to Heaven.\" Critical response Stephen Holden in The New York Times review of the 1993 production wrote: \"Ms. Najimy has staged many songs as comic tableaux in a frenetic teen-age soap opera. Decked out in such tacky vintage paraphernalia as peace symbols, chain belts and go-go boots, the show's four performers...emote them with the sobby fervency of a high school clique having a collective hormone attack. What lifts \"Back to Bacharach and David\" above run-of-the-mill 60's nostalgia is the show's nearly perfect balance between tribute and comedy.\" References External links Listing at stevegunderson.net", "title": "Back to Bacharach and David" }, { "docid": "9401646", "text": "Cuttin' Heads is the 17th album by American singer-songwriter and musician John Mellencamp, released on October 16, 2001. It was his second album for Columbia Records, and it peaked at No. 15 on the Billboard 200 in early November 2001. The album contains only one single, the India.Arie duet \"Peaceful World\". Background \"'Peaceful World' was extracted from a conversation with Pat Peterson, who's been singing backup in my touring band since 1981,\" Mellencamp explained to the Denver Post in an August 2001 feature. \"She's my age, and I asked her, 'What's the one thing that's really disturbing to you?' There was no question about it – it's how this new rap music is really harmful to the black race. You have the new Uncle Tom, the guy wagging the $200,000 watch and saying, ... 'Gimme the money, man, look what I got that you ain't got ... I'll say whatever you want me to say, and when this (ends), I'll just go back to whatever I'm doing, and I don't care about the damage that I've done.' Meanwhile, white kids in suburbs who buy these records find it entertaining if not comical half the time. They have a really distorted view of what the black race is about. It's a very bad thing.\" Chuck D of the rap group Public Enemy sang a verse on the album's title track, which addresses Mellencamp's annoyance and chagrin at the use of the \"N\" word in rap music. \"They just had a rap seminar in New York, and Chuck got up and said, 'Hey, look, I just came back from the cornfields of Indiana, and Mellencamp said something in a song that you guys should have been saying about yourselves 10 years ago!,'\" Mellencamp told the Denver Post, \"I'm just an observer here – I thought coming from me alone, it would be obtuse. But Chuck is the conscience of the whole black community. He was the only choice to do this song with me, because he's the only guy that never participated in it, always kept his integrity and his wits about him. \"Columbia Records died when they heard it. They don't want any problems because of this song. But they were very understanding – they just said, 'Why do you want to do this?' I said, 'Hey, man, I'm a ... folk singer. If I'm not going to have some issues here, that makes me a puppet.'\" Cuttin' Heads is also noteworthy for \"Deep Blue Heart\", a love song that Mellencamp recorded as a duet with country star Trisha Yearwood. \"He played me this song,\" Yearwood told Country.com, \"and he said, 'I kind of have an idea of like when Emmylou Harris sang on Bob Dylan's record, just kind of harmony all the way through.'\" Mellencamp said of \"Deep Blue Heart\" in a November 2001 interview with the Indianapolis Star: \"When I wrote that song, I thought, 'Wow, this is kind of good for this type of song.' I like what", "title": "Cuttin' Heads" }, { "docid": "26313816", "text": "\"What Can You Do for Me\" is a song by English electronic group Utah Saints. It was released on 12 August 1991 as the first single from their debut album, Utah Saints (1992). The song reached number 10 on the UK Singles Chart and number three on the UK Dance Singles Chart. It uses samples from \"There Must Be an Angel (Playing with My Heart)\" by Eurythmics and \"Ain't Nothin' Goin' on But the Rent\" by Gwen Guthrie. The title \"What Can You Do for Me\" is taken from lyrics of \"Ain't Nothin' Goin' on But the Rent\". A music video was also produced to promote the single. Chart performance The single was released in August 1991 and entered the UK Singles Chart on 18 August at number 26. The song steadily rose up the chart and peaked at number 10 on 15 September. It spent a total of 11 weeks inside the top 75 chart. In Australia, \"What Can You Do for Me\" did not enter the ARIA top 100 singles chart until April 1993, following its re-release after the success of \"Something Good\". Critical reception Cathi Unsworth from Melody Maker wrote, \"Excellent! A dance track that incorporates everything groovy, from a hard metallic beat to deliciously disenchanted vocals to an inbred knowledge of why wearing platform boots is an ace fashion statement.\" Charts 2012 re-release A new version of the song remixed by Drumsound & Bassline Smith was released on 26 February 2012. Track listing Charts References 1991 songs 1991 debut singles 2012 singles Utah Saints songs Drumsound & Bassline Smith songs Ministry of Sound singles Songs written by Annie Lennox Songs written by David A. Stewart Songs written by Gwen Guthrie", "title": "What Can You Do for Me" }, { "docid": "66854825", "text": "\"Talk to Me\" is a song by American rapper Drakeo the Ruler featuring Canadian rapper Drake. It was released on February 23, 2021, as the lead single from the former's ninth mixtape The Truth Hurts (2021). The song was produced by EY and Elias Knight. Background Drakeo the Ruler teased the song in December 2020, shortly after his release from jail. In an interview with Zane Lowe, Drakeo the Ruler stated that during his wrongful incarceration, Drake had already finished his part of the song: When I was in jail, I was supposed to do something already. Everybody was telling me, but I had got my privileges taken. They was telling me he had something for me, but I'm like, \"Whatever, bro.\" I got out of jail and my engineer was like, \"Why you don't follow Drake?\" I'm like, \"He don't follow me, bro.\" Then I looked, and I'm like, \"Oh yeah.\" So I hit him up, I'm like, \"Let's do something.\" And then he's like, \"What's your number? I got this song I did for you.\" And then it kind of clicked in my head what they was talking about before. I'm like, \"Dang.\" At first, I was like, \"That's kind of different, but I'm like, nah. This Drake. I'm finna do whatever.\" But at first, I'm like I don't usually really do something like that. But then when I got on it, I'm like, \"Oh yeah, this hard.\" I'm just like \"Drake bro!\" Like all right. Composition and lyrics \"Talk to Me\" is a hip hop song with an R&B-style chorus and \"smoothed-out\" production. Chris DeVille of Stereogum wrote about the song, \"Drake is in swaggering pop mode, while Drakeo stays in the cut muttering hard street talk as usual.\" The song opens with Drake singing about his infatuation in the chorus, \"I don't know if what we have is love, but it's on my mind / We might slide on a nigga inside this club, girl, close your eyes / Fifteen brothers, no friends when I pull up, for peace of mind / Lights come on, I'ma need you to come find me, don't be so shy\". Drakeo the Ruler raps two verses using a \"West Coast gangster appeal\" (\"Don't be shy, I got killers with me, stupid / I march with sticks, I ain't worried bout no groupies\"), with \"lovesick bars\". He raps about his time in jail as well. Critical reception \"Fnr Tigg\" of Complex wrote that for the track, \"Drakeo the Ruler decided to highlight his versatility by venturing into Drizzy's world to make a street ballad.\" Jeff Ihaza of Rolling Stone described Drake as \"slotting seamlessly onto the track's moody interpretation of West Coast rap's springy production.\" Charts References 2021 singles 2021 songs Drakeo the Ruler songs Drake (musician) songs Songs written by Drake (musician)", "title": "Talk to Me (Drakeo the Ruler song)" }, { "docid": "12135137", "text": "\"You Give Me Something\" is a song from British funk and acid jazz band Jamiroquai's fifth studio album, A Funk Odyssey (2001). Written by Jay Kay, Rob Harris, and Nick Fyffe, the song was released in November 2001 as the second single from the album. The track peaked at 16 on the UK Singles Chart, number 17 in Spain, and number 30 in France. The song was the group's first single to be released on the DVD single format. Music video When asked what he thought of the music video for the song, Jay Kay said, \"That video is crap [...] My original idea had been tampered with by everyone from the record company to the management.\" He proposed the video to be shot in Ibiza, then changed to New York City, but his flight there scheduled on 11 September 2001 had to be cancelled. \"We ended up doing it in the Docklands in London in the pissing rain. I wasn't very happy with it.\" Track listings UK CD1 \"You Give Me Something\" (commercial edit) \"You Give Me Something\" (Blacksmith RnB remix) \"You Give Me Something\" (Full Intention remix) \"You Give Me Something\" (Cosmos edit) \"You Give Me Something\" (King Unique edit) \"You Give Me Something\" (video) UK CD2 \"You Give Me Something\" (commercial edit) \"You Give Me Something\" (Full Intention remix) \"Do It Like We Used to Do\" \"Main Vein\" (live) \"Main Vein\" (video live at Knebworth) UK DVD single \"You Give Me Something\" (video) \"Do It Like We Used to Do\" (audio) \"Main Vein\" (live audio) \"Virtual Insanity\" (video clip) \"Cosmic Girl\" (video clip) \"Deeper Underground\" (video clip) \"Canned Heat\" (video clip) UK cassette single \"You Give Me Something\" \"Do It Like We Used to Do\" European CD single \"You Give Me Something\" (commercial edit) \"You Give Me Something\" (Full Intention club mix) US CD single \"You Give Me Something\" (Mike City remix) – 3:44 \"You Give Me Something\" (Full Intention club mix) – 7:11 \"You Give Me Something\" (Full Intention dub mix) – 7:22 \"You Give Me Something\" (Blacksmith R&B remix) – 4:01 Australian CD single \"You Give Me Something\" \"You Give Me Something\" (King Unique Saki Session) \"You Give Me Something\" (Cosmos Deep Space Mix) \"You Give Me Something\" (Full Intention club mix) \"You Give Me Something\" (Blacksmith R&B 12-inch rub) Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts Release history References 2000 songs 2001 singles Columbia Records singles Epic Records singles Jamiroquai songs Songs written by Jason Kay S2 Records singles", "title": "You Give Me Something (Jamiroquai song)" }, { "docid": "34485727", "text": "\"Middle Finger\" is a song by American synthpop band Cobra Starship. The track was written and produced by Norwegian production team Stargate and features Pittsburgh rapper Mac Miller. It was released as the third promotional single from their fourth studio album, \"Night Shades\" and later as the second official single. Background After the success of the single \"You Make Me Feel...\", which was their most successful single on the charts, the band released three promotional singles, which were available exclusively through iTunes. The first was \"1Nite\" on July 26, the second was \"Fool Like Me\" on August 9 and the last one was \"Middle Finger\" on August 23. It later, became the second official single of the album on January 3, 2012, with a single containing two remixes, being released on the iTunes Store. Composition \"Middle Finger\" was written by Cobra Starship, Nate Walka, Mac Miller and co-written and produced by Stargate. \"It's just like a fun song,\" Cobra Starship lead singer Gabe Saporta tells The BoomBox. Despite having the opportunity to add a more popular rapper to the track, produced by Norwegian production duo Stargate, Saporta chose to go with Miller because he was lesser known. Saporta told to \"BoomBox\" about Miller collaboration: \"We worked on the track with Stargate and they're totally hooked up\". \"They had a big name rapper that they wanted to get on the track. My vibe was like, 'I feel like everyone has used the same big name rappers all the time,' and I just wanted to get someone who was fresh. I was already a Mac Miller fan. I heard 'Let 'Em In,' 'Knock, Knock.' I love [those] song[s], so thats why I wanted him on the record.\" In another interview, Gabe told to MTV News about the collaboration: \"That's actually the first time I met him, when he was he came to do his rap for 'Middle Finger.' He was super chill, super laid-back, he wrote his stuff there in the studio. It was good vibes, man. It gives the song a totally different flavor,\" he added, \"and we definitely did that consciously. Most pop songs right now are like straight-up bangers, so we wanted to do something that might stand out a little bit and be a little more down-tempo.\" Lyrically, the song finds the boy trying to forget his former beau in a club and getting himself drunk. According to Gary Saporta, \"the song is kind of like, fun, cheeky, screw-you-haters vibe.\" But as the lyrics describe, you really don’t need to be irritated to point upward. In fact, in this song, it’s an expression of happiness, perhaps after you've had a few drinks. Critical reception The song received mixed reviews from most contemporary music critics. Megan Rozell from Blogcritics wrote that the song \"surprise everyone by incorporating Mac Miller, a current rap sensation, but, makes it difficult to decipher the difference between the voices of Gabe Saporta and Miller.\" Becky Bain wrote for Idolator that \"The song’s otherwise happy-go-lucky", "title": "Middle Finger (song)" }, { "docid": "2146299", "text": "\"Outshined\" is a song by American rock band Soundgarden. Written by the band's frontman Chris Cornell, the song was released as the second single from their third studio album, Badmotorfinger (1991). It became the band's first single to reach the U.S. Mainstream Rock charts, where it peaked at number 45. It was included on Soundgarden's 1997 greatest hits album, A-Sides, the 2010 compilation album, Telephantasm and the live album Live on I-5. Composition \"Outshined\" was written in D major by frontman Chris Cornell and is performed in drop D tuning. The verses are in time, an unorthodox meter which the band also used in \"Spoonman\". Guitarist Kim Thayil has said that Soundgarden usually did not consider the time signature of a song until after the band had written it, and said that the use of odd meters was \"a total accident.\" Lyrics In an interview, Cornell said, \"I've never really been biographical in my lyrics, so when I wrote a line like 'I'm looking California and feeling Minnesota' from 'Outshined', it just felt refreshing.\" Cornell on the song: I don't know how everyone else feels ... but I definitely go through periods of extreme self-confidence, feeling like I can do anything. Perhaps a fan will sense that, like in a performance, and the hero image creeps out. But then someone will say something, however insignificant, or I'll get something in my head and, all of a sudden, I'm plummeting in the opposite direction, I'm a piece of shit, and I really can't do anything about it. That's where \"Outshined\" comes from, and why I'll never consider myself a hero. Cornell explained the song's most famous lines: \"I'm looking California/And feeling Minnesota\", in an interview with Details magazine in 1996: One of the first times I remember writing something personal was on tour. I was feeling really freaky and down, and I looked in the mirror and I was wearing a red T-shirt and some baggy tennis shorts. I remember thinking that as bummed as I felt, I looked like some beach kid. And then I came up with that line—'I'm looking California / And feeling Minnesota,' from the song 'Outshined'—and as soon as I wrote it down, I thought it was the dumbest thing. But after the record came out and we went on tour, everybody would be screaming along with that particular line when it came up in the song. That was a shock. How could anyone know that that was one of the most personally specific things I had ever written? It was just a tiny line. But somehow, maybe because it was personal, it just pushed that button. Release and reception \"Outshined\" was released as a single in 1991 in various versions with the previously unreleased B-sides \"Cold Bitch\", \"I Can't Give You Anything\", \"Girl U Want\", \"Show Me\", \"I Don't Care About You\", \"Can You See Me\", and \"Homicidal Suicidal\". Outside the United States, the single was released commercially in Germany, the Netherlands, and the United", "title": "Outshined" }, { "docid": "62422772", "text": "\"I've Forgotten What It Was in You (That Put the Need in Me)\" is the debut single by American singer-songwriter Maria McKee, released in 1989 from her debut studio album Maria McKee. It was written by McKee and produced by Mitchell Froom. \"I've Forgotten What It Was in You\" peaked at No. 29 on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart on August 12, 1989. Background In a 1991 interview with New Musical Express, McKee said of the song's lyrics, \"It's funny but half the songs I write have nothing to do with love or even relationships. You're probably thinking about 'I've Forgotten What It Was in You (That Put the Need in Me)' and 'Can't Pull the Wool Down' but they're not real love songs. They're about working really hard at something that falls through and becoming disillusioned. They're about my career actually.\" Critical reception Upon its release, Cash Box commented: \"It's the right producer, it's the right singer, but it's the wrong song. Not bad, but far too nondescript to really make an impression.\" In a review of Maria McKee, Steve Terrell of The Santa Fe New Mexican described the song as \"emotional\" and a \"good country-rock song\" which \"would easily fit the repertoires of Lacy J. Dalton or Reba McEntire.\" Jim Bohen of the Daily Record wrote: \"McKee kicks up some dust with \"I've Forgotten What It Was in You,\" [an] uptempo lament that could displace Highway 101 from the country charts.\" Len Righi of The Morning Call described the song as a \"country rocker [that] k.d. lang would kill for.\" Chuck Darrow of the Courier-Post considered the song \"a rough-and-tumble tune driven by Bruce Brody's masterful Hammond organ, a subtle guitar riff and McKee's lustrous vocals.\" Holly Crenshaw of The Atlanta Journal-Constitution noted the \"brutally honest lyrics that make Carole King's similar sentiments on \"It's Too Late\" sound banal by comparison\". Eric McClary of the Reno Gazette-Journal wrote: \"McKee spoils us right off the bat with \"I've Forgotten What It Was in You,\" a heartbreakingly sensual \"Dear John\" letter.\" David Okamoto of the Tampa Bay Times described the song as a \"tough, twangy number [that] echo[es] McKee's best work with Lone Justice.\" Track listing 7\" single \"I've Forgotten What It Was in You (That Put the Need in Me)\" - 3:38 \"To Miss Someone\" - 3:51 CD single (US promo) \"I've Forgotten What It Was in You (That Put the Need in Me)\" - 3:38 Personnel Production Mitchell Froom - producer Bruce Brody - associate producer Tchad Blake - engineer Gary Gersh - executive producer Charts References 1989 songs 1989 debut singles Maria McKee songs Geffen Records singles Songs written by Maria McKee Song recordings produced by Mitchell Froom", "title": "I've Forgotten What It Was in You (That Put the Need in Me)" }, { "docid": "3312444", "text": "\"No More Drama\" is a song by American recording artist Mary J. Blige. Written and produced by duo Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, it was initially intended for Blige's fourth studio album Mary (1999) before she insisted on making it the title track of her fifth studio album of the same name (2001). The song embodies portions of \"The Young and the Restless Theme\" (1971), written by Barry De Vorzon and Perry Botkin Jr.. Lyrically, the song is about going through hard times and moving on from pain. The song was released to acclaim from music critics who called it one of her finest recordings yet. It was issued as No More Dramas second single in the United States on October 30, 2001, and as the third single in certain European markets, where \"Dance for Me\" had served as the second single instead. It became another hit for Blige, peaking at number 15 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and number nine in the United Kingdom. The video for the song won Blige her first MTV Video Music Award for Best R&B Video. Background \"No More Drama\" samples from \"Nadia's Theme,\" incidental music for the 1971 film Bless the Beasts and Children which later came to prominence as the theme music for the American soap opera The Young and the Restless. Initially written and produced by duo Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis for Blige's fourth studio album Mary (1999), it was left off the album after Blige suggested to transfer it to her next project. Jimmy Jam commented on the creation process: \"I'm a big soap opera fan, and I always wanted to do something using The Young and the Restless theme. We figured Mary was at a point in her life that she knew about drama and it was a song lyrically she could sing. We wrote all the lyrics, but always with the intention that she would rewrite it to make it personal to her.\" Upon hearing, Blige \"said: \"You been following me around with a spy or something? This is exactly what I'm feeling. I'm not changing a thing on this one\".\" An ode to self-reliance and the need to leave the damaging stuff and people in the rearview. Blige told Jet in 2001: \"This song is demanding that you stay away from my life if you’re going to bring me drama. I am saying \"Enough is enough of this nonsense. Enough of this self-abuse, people abuse, fake friends, the whole nine. Beat it!\".\" She further spoke about her feeling behind the track in an interview with The Daily Telegraph: \"I go through the emotion of being a child growing up in the projects [...] and every woman around you being beaten so badly by men you can’t even understand it, and then growing up and realizing you’re repeating all those patterns, you’re drinking the alcohol and doing the drugs and being abused by men, and the pain and frustration of not being able to stop it.", "title": "No More Drama (song)" }, { "docid": "15651608", "text": "\"Where My Girls At?\" is a song by American R&B/pop group 702, released by Motown as the first single from their self-titled second album, 702, on April 5, 1999 in the United States, followed by a United Kingdom release on July 26, 1999. Often considered the group's signature song, \"Where My Girls At?\" was an international hit, peaking within the top 30 on the charts in many countries. The song spent thirty weeks in the top 20 on the Billboard Hot 100, giving the group their second top 10 US song; it was the 11 song of the year on the Billboard 1999 year-end chart. \"Where My Girls At?\" earned a Lady of Soul Award nomination for \"Best R&B/Soul Single – Group, Band or Duo\" in 1999. The song was written as a female anthem. Elliott, who co-wrote the song, noted that \"Where My Girls At?\" was a song that she wanted female listeners to hear and relate too. Background \"Where My Girls At?\" is a R&B and dance song, written by Missy Elliott, Eric Seats, and Rapture Stewart. Elliott initial offered the song to R&B group TLC during the recording of their third studio album, FanMail (1999). While Lisa Lopes of TLC voted to record the song, her groupmates rejected the song. In a Billboard interview, Elliott recalled \"Lisa (“Left Eye” Lopes) really wanted it, she really wanted that record, but I guess, if it’s two against one (what can you do?)\". Lopes then tried to secure the song for Blaque, a female group signed to Lopes' Left Eye Productions. The song was eventually recorded by 702 with Meelah Williams performing the lead vocals. The song became a female anthem due to its lyrics and celebration of women. Elliott recounted \"It’s almost like church — when you go to church, pastor is saying something (and you’re) like, ‘I swear up and down that message is for me.’ I wanted to create something women could feel like, ‘I could relate to this record.’\" Group member Meelah Williams addressed critics that questioned if the song was really a female anthem or not. Williams stated, \"You really have to listen. What it is, we're asking, 'Where are my true girlfriends that wouldn't do that to me, that would have my back and wouldn't stab me in the back?' So that's basically the purpose of the song, to let girls know that we're down for each other and we're all one.\" Music video The music video for \"Where My Girls At?\" was directed by Bille Woodruff. The video starts outside an apartment complex, zooming in to a window where the members of 702 are walking down a brutalist-styled corridor wearing all-black leather attire. Behind them is a group of men wearing the same color, later standing against the wall while the ladies walk past them during the chorus. After the first chorus, the group members are all in different Y2K styled settings. Kameelah is seen in a chrome, light blue room wearing a", "title": "Where My Girls At?" }, { "docid": "6051021", "text": "\"Tell Me\" is a hip hop song by American rapper and producer P. Diddy from his fourth studio album, Press Play (2006), featuring guest vocals from American singer Christina Aguilera. The song was written by Combs himself, Stephen \"Static Major\" Garrett, Ryan \"Royce\" Montgomery, Elizabeth Bingham, Shannon Jones, Jack Knight, Shannon Lawrence and Leroy Watson, with production held by Just Blaze. It is the second single from the above-mentioned album. According to All Access, the single hit radio stations on November 7, 2006. Most contemporary critics responded positively towards \"Tell Me\", and particular praise was directed at Aguilera's vocal delivery, while the song itself was complimented for its \"catchy hook\". The single charted within the top ten on the record charts of Germany, Switzerland, Finland, South Africa, Ireland and the United Kingdom. Its music video was nominated for the MTV Australia Video Music Award. Background and composition According to Diddy, the song \"Tell Me\" is about \"that male–female interaction in the club\", and about \"that cat and mouse chase that happens when you don't know somebody but your eye catches them\". The rapper explained the theme of the song and the song's background on the episode of MTV's Making the Video season thirteen: \"I wanted to do a hip-hop/soul song with Christina. I wanted to do a song [with her], cause she's known for her great range, her incredible vocals. I wanted to do something that's a little bit more \"street\", a little bit more ghetto, with her beautiful vocals on top of it.\" The song was co-written by R&B singer–songwriters Static Major and Yummy Bingham. Diddy's rap was written with Royce da 5'9\". \"Tell Me\" is written in the key of A minor with a tempo of 99 beats per minute. Critical reception \"Tell Me\" received generally positive reviews from music critics. Andy Kellman of AllMusic highlighted this song on the Press Play album, and considered Aguilera's appearance as \"noteworthy\", a sentiment also shared by The Guardians Alexis Petridis, and Chris Evans of Blogcritics, who stated that \"Christina's catchy hook truly makes the song\". Reviewing the album for Entertainment Weekly, Will Hermes praised two songs — \"Tell Me\" and \"Making It Hard\" — noting that featured artists Christina Aguilera and Mary J. Blige \"are on fire\". Christian Hoard from Rolling Stone described \"Tell Me\" as a \"dark, manically smitten love song\". Los Angeles Times editors Natalie Nichols and Serena Kim wrote that Diddy gives Aguilera a \"task on the club-thumping.\" Mike Joseph of PopMatters wrote that: \"Pop princess Christina Aguilera serves as little more than hook girl on her guest spot.\" Ben Hogwood from musicOMH opined that \"the edgy song, 'Tell Me', takes Christina Aguilera back to sultry vocalizing\". Sal Cinquemani, writing for Slant Magazine, believed that Aguilera's vocals on the song are \"uncharacteristically restrained\" [for her standards]. IndieLondon editor Jack Foley noted that the song \"positively drips with vibrancy\", and praised it for Aguilera's \"gutsy vocals\" and its \"slick body-rocking beats\". Rankings Commercial performance The song reached the", "title": "Tell Me (Diddy song)" }, { "docid": "23818959", "text": "\"LOL Smiley Face\" (styled as \"LOL :-)\") is a song by American recording artist Trey Songz. It features rappers Gucci Mane and Soulja Boy and serves as the second single from Songz' third studio album, Ready. The artists co-wrote the song with its producers Troy Taylor and Tony Scales. \"LOL Smiley Face\" is an R&B song featuring bouncy, poppy synths, and lyrically refers to sexting and other electronic multimedia messaging. The song was released as the second single from Songz's third album Ready on August 24, 2009. The song received generally positive reviews from critics, who noted its catchy melody. The song peaked at number fifty-one on the Billboard Hot 100 and number twelve on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. Rather than releasing a traditional music video, a montage of fans singing and dancing to the track was released. Background The song was recorded in Atlanta, Georgia, at three different studios, Doppler Studios, Patchwerk Studios and D2 Music Studios. \"LOL\" was written by its performers, Trey Songz, Gucci Mane and Soulja Boy, and its producers, Troy Taylor and Tony Scales also contributed to the writing process. Taylor recorded the track while Jean Marie Horvat mixed the song. When speaking on the conceptual basis of Ready, Songz said, \"You think about a record like 'LOL Smiley Face,' it's something real simple, but when you look at the title or listen to the record, you're like, 'Wow.' That's something great from a songwriter's perspective. I'm just trying to make hits and classic records that people can vibe to and live their life.\" In an interview with BallerStatus, Songz commented on his thoughts of making a remix of the song, stating, \"I think there's going to be a remix for that song, because a lot of people dig it. A lot of people have hit me up actually about it. That song is blowing up real fast man.\" He also stated the possibility of American rapper Nicki Minaj appearing on a remix, saying, \"She wanted to do more of a commercial record, a cuter sex record. 'LOL' was actually already done, but when she heard it, she hit me up, and said 'I love that song. You're a punk for not putting me on it.' She'll definitely be on the remix.\" However no remix was seen to be in the works nor did it come to fruition. Composition The song is derived from R&B, pop and hip hop music. It is backed with heavy percussion and smooth vocals. According to Andrew Rennie of NOW, the song, along with \"Neighbors Know My Name\", continues Songz's usage of his hook-heavy and playful style. Ajitpaul Mangat of Tiny Mix Tapes called the chorus \"ringtone ready.\" The song is lyrically about sexting, as verses talk about tales of \"wired romance.\" Its lyrics contain references to Twitter, TwitPic, MySpace, and BlackBerry, and Soulja Boy's line contains a reference to his song \"Kiss Me Thru the Phone.\" According to Mark Edward Nero of About.com, the song is aimed at", "title": "LOL Smiley Face" }, { "docid": "6333800", "text": "Walk with Me is the third studio album by English singer-songwriter Jamelia. It was released by Parlophone Records on 25 September 2006 in the United Kingdom. Jamelia was influenced by a variety of musical genres and wanted to reflect that on the album, something she achieved by working with a variety of different producers such as Soulshock & Karlin, Stuart Crichton, Greg Kurstin, Fraser T Smith, and Jimmy Hogarth, among others. Walk with Me debuted and peaked at number 20 on the UK Albums Chart and spawned the singles \"Something About You\", \"Beware of the Dog\" and \"No More\". Background After the release of her second studio album (2003), Jamelia took a break from her career to give birth to her second daughter Tiani. Whilst she was pregnant she started writing new material but due to her new-found happiness she found the process frustrating: \"When I first tried to write, I was five months pregnant and every song was either rubbish or insincere. I thought I needed to write another Thank You, but I was so sickeningly happy, I couldn't write anything with any strong emotion.\" It was not until after she gave birth that she was able to rediscover her songwriting skills and start laying down the foundations for her third album. Eager to continue her growth as an artist, Jamelia was determined to continue making music that reflected her personality and musical outlook: \"My whole aim was to do something different. I do not believe in giving people something that they have already heard from me. We know what worked the last time (on Thank You) but I think changing and reinventing yourself is the way forward.\" Critical reception The Guardian critic Caroline Sullivan called the album \"a set full of glittering, A-list moments and wrote: \"Jamelia has made strides as a singer, too, and is silkily assured - as she has to be, if she's to give Beyoncé a run for her money. Her beguiling vulnerability has been sacrificed, but strength and power have emerged in its stead.\" AllMusic editor Sharon Mawer found that \"the album lost its way a little in the middle as \"La La Love,\" \"Go,\" and \"Get Up, Get Out\" are rather insipid, chugging mid-tempo ballads, and then it's back to R&B-soul on \"Got It so Good.\" The album closed with \"Hustle,\" a Latin-grooved dance track that did exactly what you would expect, and a good way to end an album, leaving the audience wanting more.\" The Daily Telegraph wrote that \"there's a spark of life to this album.\" Kitty Empire, writing for The Observer, felt that Walk with Me \"is both spirited and sensible, sustaining tunes all the while. There's a steady pop production hand at work which means much of the album's mid-section treads water nicely enough as it recalls Liberty X [...] And while Walk with Me hasn't quite got it all, exactly – Jamelia's voice is too often slimline and catchless, for one – the album only adds to", "title": "Walk with Me (Jamelia album)" }, { "docid": "59074438", "text": "\"Between You & Me\" is a song by Australian singer-songwriter Betty Who, from her third studio album, Betty (2019). The song was released as the album's third single on 14 November 2018. Who co-wrote the song with JHart, Pretty Sister and Peter Thomas Walsh, the lattermost of whom produced the track. A musical departure from Who's typically upbeat, synth-driven material, \"Between You & Me\" is an acoustic pop song featuring minimal production and prominent guitar instrumentation throughout; its confessional lyrics describe seeking romance from a friend whose feelings and intentions are unclear. Who co-wrote the song based on personal experience with past relationships in which she questioned her own feelings, finding this theme relatable to both listeners and her co-writers. The product of an initially unsuccessful writing session, the songwriters stopped writing \"Between You & Me\" midway because Who was dissatisfied with its electronic direction. The songwriters eventually revisited the song after re-arranging it using only a guitar, ultimately completing the track six months later. Who opted to release \"Between You & Me\" as the album's first single over a more upbeat track that had also been considered because it reminds her of her early songwriting career. One of her first singles as an independent artist since departing from RCA Records, Who considers the song's release an expression of her creative freedom. \"Between You & Me\" has garnered acclaim from music critics, who praised its acoustic production and Who's songwriting. An accompanying music video was released in November 2018, in which Who plays both characters exploring a same-sex relationship. Background and writing \"Between You & Me\" was written by Jessica Newham (Betty Who) with James Abrahart (JHart), Zakariah Stucchi (Pretty Sister) and Peter Thomas Walsh. Thomas Walsh also produced the track. According to Who, \"Between You & Me\" resulted from an initially unsuccessful session during which they had stopped writing the song midway because the singer was dissatisfied with its electronic direction, asking that they revisit it at a later time. Who and JHart then brainstormed new approaches to the song outside of the studio and proceeded to re-write it using only a guitar. Who explained that this method \"completely changed the vibe from what we had been working on earlier\", which was \"a little bit lifeless ... I wanted to do something that felt different, that feels really meaningful.\" Who greatly preferred the new acoustic arrangement. The songwriters did not complete the song until six months later when Who re-discovered it. The singer drew inspiration from personal experience having feelings for others while questioning whether they are legitimate, or if she should express them. Who recalls several \"instances in my life where you wish that you could have this really candid conversation with the person you have feelings for but it just goes unsaid\", and found this experience to be universal among her co-writers, with whom she discussed how often people must feel similarly. Who believes this experience has grown more common in modern times because of social media,", "title": "Between You & Me (Betty Who song)" }, { "docid": "2321035", "text": "We're a Happy Family: A Tribute to Ramones is a 2003 tribute album to the Ramones by various artists. It started when Johnny Ramone was presented with the idea of a tribute album and was asked if he wanted to participate, to which he agreed, as long as he would have full control over the project. He was able to get Rob Zombie as a co-producer, and call upon high profile bands to participate. Rob Zombie also did the cover artwork, and Stephen King, a Ramones fan, wrote the liner notes. One of the last things Johnny Ramone did was oversee the album. He advised all the chosen bands to make the songs their own. Ramone liked the Red Hot Chili Peppers' cover of \"Havana Affair\" so much that he chose to open the album with it. The Ataris' cover of \"Rock N' Roll High School\" is as a bonus CD single sold along with the physical album. Reception We're a Happy Family, wrote Jaan Uhelszki in Mojo, \"doesn't send you running to dig out Rocket to Russia in disgust. Instead, it's edifying to see their trademark minimalist sound transmuted in the hands of their most high profile fans.… Kiss get the best-in-show nod for their anthemic 'Do You Remember Rock 'n' Roll Radio?', which sounds ripped right off an early Slade album.\" Track listing \"Havana Affair\" (Ramones, 1976) – Red Hot Chili Peppers The song was later released as a bonus track on the iTunes version of Stadium Arcadium, but as of 2010 has been removed from iTunes entirely. It was, however, later re-released digitally on the iTunes Rock & Roll Hall of Fame Covers EP. \"Blitzkrieg Bop\" (Ramones, 1976) – Rob Zombie The song later appeared on Rob Zombie's greatest hits album Past, Present & Future. \"I Believe in Miracles\" (Brain Drain, 1989) – Eddie Vedder & Zeke \"53rd & 3rd\" (Ramones, 1976) – Metallica Five more Ramones covers from the same sessions were released on different editions of the \"St. Anger\" single. \"Beat on the Brat\" (Ramones, 1976) – U2 \"Do You Remember Rock 'n' Roll Radio?\" (End of the Century, 1980) – KISS The song later appeared on the single-disc edition of Alive IV. \"The KKK Took My Baby Away\" (Pleasant Dreams, 1981) – Marilyn Manson \"I Just Want to Have Something to Do\" (Road to Ruin, 1978) – Garbage The song was later released as a B-side to their single \"Why Do You Love Me\", and as a regional bonus track on their Bleed Like Me album. \"Outsider\" (Subterranean Jungle, 1983) – Green Day The song originally appeared as a B–side to the \"Warning\" single, and later on the compilation album Shenanigans. \"Something to Believe In\" (Animal Boy, 1986) – The Pretenders \"Sheena Is a Punk Rocker\" (Rocket to Russia, 1977) – Rancid \"I Wanna Be Your Boyfriend\" (Ramones, 1976) – Pete Yorn \"I Wanna Be Sedated\" (Road to Ruin, 1978) – The Offspring This song originally appeared on the soundtrack for Idle Hands. \"Here", "title": "We're a Happy Family: A Tribute to Ramones" }, { "docid": "17811258", "text": "\"You Ain't Much Fun\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Toby Keith. It was released in March 1995 as the third single from his 1994 album Boomtown. The song peaked at number 2 on the US Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) chart and at number 3 on the Canadian RPM country tracks. Keith wrote this song with Carl Goff Jr. Background and writing Keith told The Boot that his co-writer, Carl Goff Junior, \"came on the bus, and I was writing one night, and he was telling me some story about his wife. He said, 'Me and my wife have been in a fight, and she said she was going to leave me if I didn't slow down, so I quit drinking. I'm not drinking right now. So now I've been having to mow and have been out working in the yard, and I've had to get that car running.' He was telling me all his agony. She came home one night, and he had hit himself with a wrench or something and hurt his hand, and she said, 'What's the matter?' He told her, 'You ain't much fun since I quit drinkin'.' I was writing songs, and I said, 'Let's write this right now.' And we just sat down and wrote it.\" Content The song is about a man who has sobered up and now has to do chores, such as mowing the grass, painting the house, sacking the trash, feeding the dog, mending the fence, and fixing the sink. Critical reception Deborah Evans Price, of Billboard magazine reviewed the song favorably, saying that there is \"just a touch of Roger Miller in this shuffle-beat lament of a man lonesome for the shelter of the bottle.\" Chart positions \"You Ain't Much Fun\" debuted at number 63 on the Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart for the week of March 25, 1995. Year-end charts References 1995 singles 1994 songs Toby Keith songs Songs written by Toby Keith Song recordings produced by Harold Shedd Polydor Records singles", "title": "You Ain't Much Fun" }, { "docid": "44478976", "text": "Free the Butterfly is an \"inner experience\" self-help album by Suzi Quatro and Shirlie Roden, which uses music and movement as a healing therapy. The pair have appeared together at workshops and Mind, Body & Spirit festivals. Speaking of Roden, Quatro said: \"She's a sound healer and she asked me to do some workshops with her, which I did, and it was quite an interesting experience.\" When asked if she found the exercise helpful in her own life, Quatro said: \"Definitely, I think that, whenever you do something like that, you realize that most people really have the same kind of problems.\", adding \"I feel I have to do this, I have to give something back\". The work is based on the idea of the \"School of Life\". The listing for the album on the official Suzi Quatro website describes it as follows:This is a unique double CD, specially created, written and performed by Suzi and Shirlie, to help you connect with your inner self and discover the Lessons of your Life. Based on the idea of the School of Life, this CD works with the elements of Water, Air, Fire, Earth, Wood, Stone and Gold in the form of seven separate songs. Together with a guided narration by Suzi or Shirlie, each element allows the listener to discover and unearth their feelings and emotional truth. Suzi and Shirlie lead you with words, music, sound and movement to let you lose your inhibitions, express your truth and emotions, and become your own alchemist to transform your shadow into pure gold. Quatro and Roden have worked together many times over the years. Prior to this album, they co-wrote the 1991 \"Tallulah Who?\" musical, with Quatro performing the title role. Boden also sang backing vocals and co-wrote some songs for Quatro's 2006 album Back to the Drive. Track listing Disc One \"Introductions\" \"Water\" \"Air\" \"Fire\" Disc Two \"Earth\" \"Wood\" \"Stone\" \"Gold\" References External links General The Official Website of Suzi Quatro The Official Website of Shirlie Roden Suzi Quatro albums 2006 albums", "title": "Free the Butterfly" }, { "docid": "55852308", "text": "\"Betrayed\" is a song recorded by American rapper Lil Xan, released for digital download on July 7, 2017. The single peaked at number 64 on the US Billboard Hot 100. Background The song focuses on Lil Xan's personal struggle with the use of Xanax. On the track, Xan talks about past relationships, his struggle with drug abuse, and the adverse effects of Xanax. Lil Xan explained what happened the day that he was inspired to write it, saying that, \"I was with my homie Steven and we recorded out of a really ghetto garage. 'Slingshot,' 'Betrayed,' all those songs were recorded in a ghetto, bougie garage. It's just a vibe, you know? The writing is easy there. It just comes naturally. In bigger studios, I can't really catch a vibe like that. I'm not gonna lie, I probably wrote that song in 20 minutes, but I knew when I wrote it this was something different that people haven't heard from me yet. I went in, laid it down and everybody was fucking with it heavy, so it was insane.\" Though Leanos still uses the moniker \"Lil Xan\", he also raises awareness for the problems with the drug, explaining his thoughts in an interview. \"People call me a poser all the time. They're like, 'You don't do Xans. You're Lil Xan and you don't do Xans?' I was painfully addicted to Xanax for like two years of my life, so anybody trying to tell me I'm a poser, can shut the fuck up. Because I know what it's like to be addicted to that. And I was lucky enough to get off of that shit. A lot of rappers don't really be talking about not doing drugs. The opposite way. It's refreshing.\" Music video The official music video was released on August 28, 2017 on the Lyrical Lemonade YouTube channel, it was later posted to Xan's YouTube channel via Vevo on May 10, 2018. The music video has over 297 million views on Lyrical Lemonade and has 190 million views on his Vevo/YouTube Channel as of March 2024. Remix The song's official remix, released on March 15, 2018, includes guest verses from Yo Gotti and Rich the Kid, and a new verse by Leanos. Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts Certifications References 2017 songs 2017 singles Lil Xan songs Songs about drugs Music videos directed by Cole Bennett Sony Music singles Columbia Records singles", "title": "Betrayed (Lil Xan song)" }, { "docid": "47512335", "text": "\"Finding You\" is a song by Australian indie group The Go-Betweens that was released as the second single from their ninth studio album Oceans Apart. It was released as a promotional CD single on the LO-MAX Records label in the United Kingdom in July 2005 and by Tuition Records in Germany on 25 July 2015. The song peaked at No. 17 on the Austrian Singles chart in December 2005. \"Finding You\" was the last single released by the Go-Betweens, as the group disbanded following the death of co-bandleader Grant McLennan in 2006. Composition Robert Forster in a later interview described as a song he loved, \"I really like the powerful build-up, it hits the line about lightning and then it’s like a crescendo. It’s written by Grant and he wrote it probably two years or something before he died, and I think it’s one of the best five to 10 songs he ever did. Magnificent song. I wrote most of the lyric. He wrote the chorus thing and I asked if I could write the verse lyric. It was so fresh; he played it to me and he’d only written it a week or two ago. He’d written the chorus and he was just making stuff up in the verses. I asked him – it just hit me so hard, I could hear it and I drove away from that session and I had that song in my head. I got home and I just wrote the lyric. Phoned him up and said, “I’m sorry but I just jumped in on this.” He said, “Great, bring it over to me.” A couple of days later I had it all on a sheet and he put the sheet beside his guitar, sang it first time through, put in his chorus – all that lightning stuff is his as well, that middle eight is all him as well. He just put his chorus and middle eight to my three verses and bang, you know? It’s a real collaborative piece of songwriting.\" Ed Kuepper cover Kuepper was asked to provide a song to Love Goes On: A Tribute To Grant McLennan and then also included the song on his album Jean Lee and the Yellow Dog. Kuepper said, \"It was important to me to do something relatively recent of his. But it also reminded me that back in the early 80's when the Gobs first moved to Sydney, Grant crashed at my house for a while. We had a bit of a chat about music and Grant [told] me quite earnestly 'Ed, you'll never have a hit record if you keep writing songs in minor keys'. I laughed and let it pass because he was a young country boy in the big smoke for the first time and I could vaguely remember what that was like. I mention this because even though I like the lyric the main thing that attracted me to \"Finding You\" was the fact it had been written in", "title": "Finding You (The Go-Betweens song)" }, { "docid": "71389963", "text": "Despicable Me 3 (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) is the soundtrack album to the 2017 film Despicable Me 3, the fourth instalment in the Despicable Me franchise and the sequel to Despicable Me 2 (2013). Pharrell Williams produced the soundtrack album, and also contributed five original songs for the film. The other tracks consisted of several pop singles from the 1980s performed by Michael Jackson, Madonna, Nena, A-ha and few songs and themes from the previous installments. The soundtrack for Despicable Me 3 was released on June 23, 2017, featuring sixteen tracks, and was led by two singles – \"Yellow Light\" and \"There's Something Special\" – which was made available through digital download and streaming on June 8 and 13, prior to the album release. Heitor Pereira, who worked on the previous installments, had composed the film's music. Despicable Me 3 (Original Motion Picture Score), which featured Pereira's original score of 38 tracks, was released by Back Lot Music on June 30. Despicable Me 3 (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) Track listing Notes signifies a co-producer signifies an additional producer Reception Tall Writer of Seattle Post-Intelligencer wrote that \"Solid entertainment and some education on the classics make the Despicable Me 3 original motion picture soundtrack a decent offering\". Jordan Mintzer of The Hollywood Reporter called the songs as \"catchy\" and praised Williams' songs and \"the music cues ranging from Michael Jackson to Van Halen to A-ha\". Peter Debruge of Variety said \"the movie can hardly find room for Heitor Pereira's funky score, and though Pharrell Williams has contributed five new songs to sell soundtracks (including the sweet 'There's Something Special'), the movie hardly needs them.\" Wenlei Ma of News.com.au wrote about the use of 80s pop hits to equate Bratt's character, received praise and called that \"audience might tap toes for the songs\". Rotoscopers-based Morgan Stradling said \"One thing that Despicable Me has always done well is a great soundtrack and these new tracks do not disappoint. They are catchy, upbeat and very much on brand for the franchise, especially since Pharrell Williams is at the helm yet again. While there isn’t a runaway hit like 'Happy' from the second film, the songs that are in the movie play well in the moment.\" The soundtrack received a mixed review from Soumya Srivatsava of Hindustan Times, who said \"The soundtrack, with all the throwback hits from the ‘80s, gets you tapping your feet more often. However, even with all the work done by Pharell Williams on this one, he couldn’t deliver another Happy like last time.\" Charts Despicable Me 3 (Original Motion Picture Score) Track listing Additional music Songs not featured in the soundtrack, but played in the film are: \"Take My Breath Away\" – Berlin \"Bad (Dance Extended Mix)\" – Michael Jackson \"Jump\" – Eddie Van Halen, Alex Van Halen, David Lee Roth \"María (Pablo Flores Spanglish Radio Edit) – Ricky Martin \"Physical\" – Olivia Newton-John \"Sussudio\" – Phil Collins \"Happy Birthday\" – Mildred J. Hill, Patty Hill \"Fight Night\" – Migos", "title": "Despicable Me 3 (soundtrack)" }, { "docid": "47885665", "text": "\"Something in the Way You Move\" is a song by English singer Ellie Goulding from her third studio album, Delirium (2015). The song was serviced to contemporary hit radio in the United States on 19 January 2016 as the album's second single in North America, and third overall. It reached number 51 on the UK Singles Chart and number 43 on the US Billboard Hot 100. Composition \"Something in the Way You Move\" is an electropop song, with a tempo of 108 beats per minute and it uses the chords A, B, C#m, and E. Lyrically, the song describes an ill-fated attraction to someone. The Guardian Alexis Petridis noted similarities between the song and \"Love Me like You Do\", another song from Delirium, saying it has \"a virtually identical chorus\". Eve Barlow of Spin wrote the chorus is reminiscent of the 1980s. Critical reception \"Something in the Way You Move\" received mixed to positive reviews from music critics. MTV News dubbed the song \"pure pop bliss\". Ian Sandwell of Digital Spy praised it as \"pure, unfiltered pop magic\" and \"pop gold\". Idolators Bianca Gracie deemed it \"vibrant\" and warned not to be surprised if \"its bright vibe ends up taking over the radio.\" However, Music Times gave the track a negative review, calling it \"generic pop\" and stating there was nothing \"interesting\" about it. Hazel Cills of Pitchfork wrote that although the song is \"a mighty fine song in a vacuum\", Selena Gomez had already done something similar with \"Me & the Rhythm\". Music videos A lyric video for \"Something in the Way You Move\" was released on 9 October 2015, and features fans of Goulding dancing in black and white behind the song's lyrics in lilac and blue. The official music video for the song was directed by Ed Coleman and premiered on 23 February 2016, consisting of live footage of Goulding's performance in Antwerp, Belgium, as part of the Delirium World Tour. On 21 June 2017, a second video was released to Goulding's Vevo page. Filmed exclusively for Goulding's Deichmann 2017 Spring Summer collection and directed by Emil Nava, the video shows Goulding dancing and performing the song wearing footwear from the collection range. Live performances Goulding performed \"Something in the Way You Move\" on Channel 4's TFI Friday on 27 November 2015. On 31 December, she performed the song on Alan Carr's New Year Specstacular. Credits and personnel Credits adapted from the liner notes of Delirium. Recording Recorded at Echo Studio (Los Angeles) Mixed at MixStar Studios (Virginia Beach, Virginia) Mastered at Sterling Sound (New York City) Personnel Ellie Goulding – vocals Greg Kurstin – production, engineering, bass, drums, guitar, piano, keyboards Alex Pasco – engineering Julian Burg – engineering Serban Ghenea – mixing John Hanes – engineering for mix Tom Coyne – mastering Randy Merrill – mastering assistance Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts Certifications Release history Notes References External links 2015 songs 2016 singles Cherrytree Records singles Ellie Goulding songs Interscope Records singles Song recordings produced", "title": "Something in the Way You Move" }, { "docid": "6628128", "text": "\"Diamonds & Rust\" is a song written, composed, and performed by Joan Baez. It was written in November 1974 and released in 1975. In the song, Baez recounts an out-of-the-blue phone call from an old lover, which sends her a decade back in time, to a \"crummy\" hotel in Greenwich Village in about 1964 or 1965. She recalls giving him a pair of cufflinks, and surmises that memories bring \"diamonds and rust\". Baez has stated that the lyrics refer to her relationship with Bob Dylan. The song was a top 40 hit on the U.S. pop singles chart for Baez, and is regarded by a number of critics and fans as one of her best compositions. It served as the title song on her gold-selling album Diamonds & Rust, which was released in 1975. Bob Dylan The song alludes to Baez's relationship with Bob Dylan ten years previously. Although Dylan is not specifically named in the song, in the third chapter of her memoir, And a Voice to Sing With (1987), Baez uses phrases from the song in describing her relationship with Dylan, and has been explicit that he was the inspiration for the song. She recounts how she originally told Dylan that the song was about her ex-husband David Harris, which was obviously not true. The lyrics, for example, include the lines, \"Well, you burst on the scene already a legend / the unwashed phenomenon, the original vagabond...\", which would describe Dylan but not Harris. In her memoir, And a Voice to Sing With, Baez recounts a 1975 conversation between herself and Dylan, discussing songs to include in the then-upcoming Rolling Thunder Revue concerts: \"You gonna sing that song about robin's eggs and diamonds?\" Bob had asked me on the first day of rehearsals. \"Which one?\" \"You know, that one about blue eyes and diamonds...\" \"Oh\", I said, \"you must mean 'Diamonds and Rust,' the song I wrote for my husband, David. I wrote it while he was in prison.\" \"For your husband?\" Bob said. \"Yeah. Who did you think it was about?\" I stonewalled. \"Oh, hey, what the fuck do I know?\" \"Never mind. Yeah, I'll sing it, if you like.\" But Baez's marriage to Harris had, in fact, already ended by the time the song was written and composed. In an interview with music writer Mike Ragogna, Baez later admitted that the character in the song is Dylan: MR: \"Diamonds and Rust\" was another magic moment. You've said when you began writing the song, it started as something else until Dylan phoned you. Then it became about him. That must have been one helluva call. JB: He read me the entire lyrics to \"Lily, Rosemary and the Jack of Hearts\" that he'd just finished from a phone booth in the Midwest. MR: What was the song about originally? JB: I don't remember what I'd been writing about, but it had nothing to do with what it ended up as. Dylan's reaction Dylan included a scene of Baez", "title": "Diamonds & Rust (song)" }, { "docid": "3365303", "text": "Now Voyager is the debut solo studio album by British singer-songwriter Barry Gibb, the member of the Bee Gees. It was released on 17 September 1984 by Polydor Records in the UK and MCA Records in the US. Now Voyager was recorded sometime around the year at Criteria Studios in Miami, Florida, and Ocean Way Recording in Hollywood, California, and was produced by Gibb and Karl Richardson. It contains his biggest solo hits, \"Shine, Shine\" and \"Fine Line\". The album also included the Olivia Newton-John duet \"Face to Face\", which was released as a promo single. Gibb co-produced the album with Karl Richardson, who had been working with the Bee Gees since 1975. The front cover photograph was taken by Alex Henderson at Victoria Baths, Manchester. Gibb had recorded an entire album in 1970 called The Kid's No Good, which never received official release. He recorded Now Voyager in 1983. In 1986, Gibb recorded his third solo album Moonlight Madness, which remains unreleased, leaving Now Voyager his only officially released solo album until 2016's In the Now. Background and recording Gibb finally released his second solo album Now Voyager as he explained: \"It's something I always wanted to do, but I never quite felt confident enough to do it. The man who really made me think seriously about it was Irving Azoff, who convinced me that there was possibly a market out there for me. As unhappy about it as we were at the time, we now appreciate why it didn't do well. We worked nine months on that album. That's crazy. I think you lose energy by doing that. The message has to be that we really can't take so long making albums. The business doesn't like to see its artists get too hot. I think the same thing may apply to Michael [Jackson]. As talented as the guy is, people will only hear something so many times and then they're ready for something else.\" Keyboardist George Bitzer co-wrote songs on this album (except for songs 4 and 10) as well as Barry's brothers; Maurice co-wrote \"I Am Your Driver\", \"Lesson in Love\", \"Temptation\" and \"The Hunter\" and Robin also worked on \"The Hunter\". Barry alone wrote two songs for the album: \"Shatterproof\" and \"She Says\". The album sounded like a Bee Gees album minus the harmonies of Robin and Maurice Gibb and throughout most of it, danceable rhythms and synthesizer work was noticeable. The album was more commercially successful than the most recent Bee Gees 1981 album at the time, Living Eyes. Barry started recording demos for the album in August 1983 with the track \"I Wanna Go Home With You\", and he continued to record from November to December 1983, with the songs \"Face to Face\", \"The Hunter\", \"Fine Line\", \"One Night (For Lovers)\" and \"Illusions\". The musicians who played on the demos were Maurice Gibb on guitar, bass and synthesizer, and George Bitzer on piano and synthesizer. The album was recorded at Middle Ear Studios, aside", "title": "Now Voyager" } ]	[ "Cole Porter" ]
train_21987	when was the original alice in wonderland made	[ { "docid": "15848447", "text": "The Red Queen is a fictional character and the main antagonist in Lewis Carroll's fantasy 1871 novel Through the Looking-Glass. She is often confused with the Queen of Hearts from the previous book Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865), although the two are very different. Overview With a motif of Through the Looking-Glass being a representation of the game of chess, the Red Queen could be viewed as an antagonist in the story as she is the queen for the side opposing Alice. Despite this, their initial encounter is a cordial one, with the Red Queen explaining the rules of chess concerning promotion—specifically that Alice is able to become a queen by starting out as a pawn and reaching the eighth square at the opposite end of the board. As a queen in the game of chess, the Red Queen is able to move swiftly and effortlessly. Later, in Chapter 9, the Red Queen appears with the White Queen, posing a series of typical Wonderland/Looking-Glass questions (\"Divide a loaf by a knife: what's the answer to that?\"), and then celebrating Alice's promotion from pawn to queen. When that celebration goes awry, Alice turns against the Red Queen, whom she \"considers as the cause of all the mischief\", and shakes her until the queen morphs into Alice's pet kitten. In doing this, Alice presents an end game, awakening from the dream world of the looking glass, by both realizing her hallucination and symbolically \"taking\" the Red Queen in order to checkmate the Red King. The red queen is often said to be based on Mary Prickett, the Alice Liddell family's governess. Confusion with the Queen of Hearts The Red Queen is commonly mistaken for the Queen of Hearts from the story's predecessor, Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. The two share the characteristics of being strict queens associated with the color red, while their personalities are very different. Carroll, in his lifetime, made the distinction between the two Queens by saying: The 1951 Walt Disney animated film Alice in Wonderland perpetuates the long-standing confusion between the Red Queen and the Queen of Hearts. In the film, the Queen of Hearts delivers several of the Red Queen's lines, notably \"all the ways about here belong to me\" which in the case of the Red Queen has a double meaning since as a chess piece she can move in any direction. In both American McGee's Alice and Tim Burton's film adaptation of the books, the two characters are combined. Jefferson Airplane's song \"White Rabbit\" contains the lyric \"and the Red Queen's off her head\", despite the fact that \"Off with her head!\" as a repeated line is associated with the Queen of Hearts, not the Red Queen. Popular culture Alice in Wonderland (2010) The 2010 live-action film Alice in Wonderland, fashioned as a sequel to the novel, features Helena Bonham Carter as the Red Queen. Bonham Carter's head was digitally increased three times its original size on screen. Bonham Carter's character is a combination of the", "title": "Red Queen (Through the Looking-Glass)" }, { "docid": "5141361", "text": "is an anime adaptation of the 1865 novel Alice's Adventures in Wonderland which ran on the TV Tokyo network and other local stations across Japan from October 10, 1983 to March 26, 1984. The series was a Japanese-German co-production between Nippon Animation, TV Tokyo and Apollo Films. The series consists of 52 episodes, however, only 26 made it to the US. In the English language, this series is generally overshadowed by the success of Disney's 1951 feature film version of the story; however, the anime series was quite popular in various European countries, in Israel, in the Philippines, in Latin America, in Iran, and in the Arabic-speaking world. The series was also dubbed into Hindi by the national film development board of India and telecast on Doordarshan in the early 1990s. Overview A young girl named Alice follows a White Rabbit into a hole, only to find herself in Wonderland, where she meets many interesting characters, including the mysterious Cheshire Cat and the terrible Queen of Hearts. The beginning of the series adheres more closely to the original novel, whereas later episodes adapt the sequel to Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, Through the Looking-Glass, starting with episode 18. One departure from the books is that Alice returns to the real world at the end of each episode, and goes back to Wonderland at the beginning of the next episode. These transitions between the two worlds are depicted as dream-like, and it usually takes Alice a moment to notice her surroundings have changed. Music The series uses two pieces of theme music for the original Japanese version. The Japanese opening song is called \"Yumemiru Wonderland (夢みるワンダーランド Dreaming Wonderland)\", and the Japanese ending song is called \"NAZO NAZO yume no kuni (ナゾナゾ夢の国 Mysterious Dreamland)\", both sung by the Japanese vocalist Tarako (also the voice actress for Alice). Disco-style theme music used in European dubs is composed by Christian Bruhn, originally with German lyrics, \"Alice im Wunderland\". Episodes Alice in Wonderland Alice's Family Down the Rabbit Hole The Pool of Tears The Caucus Race The White Rabbit's House (Big Alice) Humpty Dumpty The Big Puppy The Forest of No Name The Crows Advice from a Caterpillar Looking for the Eggs Pig and Pepper Tweedledee and Tweedledum The Lion and the Unicorn The Croquet Party Cheshire Cat The Oysters The Lobster Quadrille The Mad Tea Party Circus Land The Trial The Weeping Mockturtle The Foot Tax Runaway Benny The Secret of Greenland Alice in the Mirror Through the Looking-Glass The Queen's Picnic Bird's of a Feather (The Shy Duck) Washing Day Wool and Water Alice and the Dawson Twins The White Rabbit Leaves Wonderland The Strange Trainride The Corkscrew Mouse The Weathermakers The Giant Kangaroo The Balloon Ride Cloudland An Unpleasant Guest The Little Flute Player The Honey Elephants Little Bill in Love The Pearl of Wisdom The Fixit Pixie The Family Portrait The Magic Potion Octopus (The Vanished Light Fairy) All Things Nice (Many Colored Candles) The Non-Birthday Monkey Business (The Chimpanzee's Child) The", "title": "Fushigi no Kuni no Alice" }, { "docid": "52856", "text": "Alice in Wonderland may refer to: Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (also known as Alice in Wonderland for short), the 1865 novel by Lewis Carroll Through the Looking-Glass, the 1871 sequel Stage adaptations Alice in Wonderland (musical), 1886 musical by Henry Savile Clarke and Walter Slaughter Alice in Wonderland, 2006 opera by Peter Westergaard Alice in Wonderland (opera), 2007 opera by Unsuk Chin and David Henry Hwang Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (ballet) by Christopher Wheeldon (2011) Wonderland (musical) 2011 musical with music by Frank Wildhorn and lyrics by Jack Murphy Wonder.land, 2015 musical with music by Damon Albarn and lyrics and book by Moira Buffini Film and television Alice in Wonderland (1903 film), silent motion picture Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1910 film), silent motion picture Alice in Wonderland (1915 film), silent motion picture Alice in Wonderland (1931 film), motion picture Alice in Wonderland (1933 film), motion picture Alice in Wonderland (1949 film), part live action motion picture Alice in Wonderland (1951 film), Disney animated film Alice of Wonderland in Paris, 1966 animated movie Alice in Wonderland (1966 TV play), made-for-TV film by the BBC Alice in Wonderland or What's a Nice Kid like You Doing in a Place like This?, a 1966 animated television special Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1972 film), musical motion picture Alice in Wonderland (1976 film), an erotic musical parody film Alice in Wonderland (1983 film), TV film based on Broadway play Fushigi no Kuni no Alice, 1983 anime adaptation Alice in Wonderland (1985 film), made-for-television film Alice (1988 film), stop-motion adaptation by Jan Svenkmajer Alice in Wonderland (1988 film), animated film Adventures in Wonderland, live-action television series Alice in Wonderland: A Dance Fantasy), a 1993 Czech ballet film Alice in Wonderland (1999 film), made-for-television film Alice in Wonderland (2005 film), Malayalam-language film Alice in Wonderland (Super Why!), an episode of the TV series Super Why! Alice (miniseries) (2009), a modern interpretation TV miniseries broadcast on Syfy Alice in Wonderland (2010 film), Disney film directed by Tim Burton Once Upon a Time in Wonderland, a 2013 ABC spin-off of the TV series Once Upon a Time Alice Through the Looking Glass (2016 film), a 2016 sequel of the 2010 Disney film Alice's Wonderland Bakery Music Alice in Wonderland (Alice Nine album), 2005 album by Japanese rock band Alice Nine Alice in Wonderland (K3 album) (2011), or the title song \"Alice in Wonderland\" (song), the theme song to the 1951 film which has become a jazz standard \"Alice in Wonderland\", a song from Brian McFadden's 2008 album Set in Stone \"Alice in Wonderland\", a song written by Irving Berlin Alison Wonderland, an Australian DJ and producer Alice in Wonderland (album), 2008 album by German progressive rock band Neuschwanstein Other uses Miyuki-chan in Wonderland, 1995, manga series American McGee's Alice, 2000, computer game Alice in Wonderland (1985 video game), for Apple II and Commodore 64 Alice in Wonderland (2000 video game), a Game Boy Color game published by Nintendo. Alice in Wonderland (2010 video game), a multi-platform game based on", "title": "Alice in Wonderland (disambiguation)" }, { "docid": "1372774", "text": "The Caterpillar (also known as the Hookah-Smoking Caterpillar) is a fictional character appearing in Lewis Carroll's 1865 book Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. In the book Introduced in Chapter Four (\"Rabbit Sends in a Little Bill\") and the main center of interest of Chapter V (\"Advice from a Caterpillar\"), the Caterpillar is a hookah-smoking caterpillar exactly high (a height, the virtues of which, he defends against Alice's complaint). Alice does not like the Caterpillar when they first meet, because he does not immediately talk to her and when he does, it is usually in short, rather rude sentences, or difficult questions. The original illustration by John Tenniel is something of a visual paradox, wherein the caterpillar's human face appears to be formed from the head and legs of a naturalistic caterpillar. In other media The Caterpillar makes an appearance in many other works since Alice's Adventures in Wonderland: Disney film His memorable phrase is a breathy \"Whooo ... are ... you?\". In the Disney animated film, this line is visualised as exhalations of smoke in the shapes \"O\", \"R\" and \"U\". Alice remarks in the original that the Caterpillar will one day turn into a butterfly, and in both the 1999 television film and Disney's 1951 version he does so in Alice's presence. He is voiced by Richard Haydn. The Caterpillar in the Disney film is a blue creature who, as in the original Tenniel illustration, smokes a hookah. He is seen as a very forthright character as he yells at Alice quite often during the scenes in which they both appear. He blows smoke in Alice's face and when she needs assistance he ignores her. He is a quite mean character providing little to no assistance to Alice and ends up confusing her more while she is trapped in Wonderland. He then ignores her and turns into a butterfly and flutters away not caring whether or not Alice makes it out alive. He also instructs her to eat a mushroom but does not say what it does thus putting her into possible danger. He briefly appears during the second caucus race. He reappears one final time during the ending chase, still in butterfly form but once again smoking on his hookah, and again ignoring Alice when she asks for his help escaping the Queen of Hearts. Tim Burton films Alan Rickman voices the Caterpillar, who in this adaptation is named Absolem. Rickman was filmed while recording his voice in a studio, but his face was not composited onto the character's face as originally planned. He appears five times in the movie. The first time is outside Wonderland, when a young man named Hamish Ascot is about to propose to Alice and she notices a blue caterpillar on his shoulder. The second time is when Nivens McTwisp the White Rabbit, Tweedledum and Tweedledee, Mallymkun the Dormouse, and the Uilleam the Dodo consider Alice's identity, and they consult him. Absolem appears in a thick cloud of hookah smoke, which he blows at", "title": "Caterpillar (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)" }, { "docid": "2253205", "text": "Adventures in Wonderland is a 1992–1995 American live-action/puppet musical television series based on the novels Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865) and Through the Looking-Glass (1871) by Lewis Carroll as well as the 1951 animated film. In the series, Alice (played by Elisabeth Harnois), is portrayed as a girl who can come and go from Wonderland simply by walking through her mirror (a reference to Through the Looking-Glass). Production The series originally ran from March 23, 1992 to 1995 (with reruns continuing until at least 1998) on The Disney Channel and on stations across the country. Adventures in Wonderland was originally taped at Disney-MGM Studios at the Walt Disney World Resort in Bay Lake, Florida, with two sound stages used exclusively for the show, for its first 40 episodes. Afterward, shooting was moved to Los Angeles, California. The Cheshire Cat and Dormouse puppets were created by Chiodo Bros. Inc. Plot Each episode begins with Alice facing different problems and consulting with her cat Dinah. In order to find the answer she needs to get through a situation, she goes through her mirror that takes her to Wonderland where she partakes in strange adventures with its inhabitants that revolve around the situation that she is dealing with at home. Every episode features singing and dancing. Characters Main Alice (portrayed by Elisabeth Harnois) is the show's protagonist. Alice is an average preteen, often facing problems in school, with her younger brother Brian, older sister Kathy, friends Kim and Jennifer, or some other issue. She often confides in her cat Dinah about her day. Alice has a special gift in that she is able to pass into Wonderland by walking through her mirror. Whenever she arrives, she helps her friends solve their problems, which, in turn, offers a solution to hers back in her world. The Red Queen (portrayed by Armelia McQueen) is the ruler of Wonderland. The Red Queen, or Queen of Hearts, is Wonderland's sole monarch (she is a combination of The Queen of Hearts from Carroll's original book and the Red Queen from Through the Looking-Glass). She is strict but fair, often citing her mother and grandmother's example in her ruling, but is occasionally a source for trouble, usually due to her selfish attitude. As queen, she expects to get whatever she wants right away, and often pouts when things go wrong – often to the point where she says \"Oh, harumph!\" She usually ends up eating crow by the end of the episode, but sometimes, she offers solutions to problems other Wonderland residents face. Deep down, she cares greatly for her subjects (especially the White Rabbit), throwing them parties and celebrating their accomplishments. Unlike other adaptations of both the Queen of Hearts, and Red Queen, she is more of a protagonist instead of an antagonist. The White Rabbit (portrayed by Patrick Richwood) is the queen's chief lackey. The White Rabbit is the Queen's personal chef, servant, butler, event planner, shopping assistant, and every other job that she can think of", "title": "Adventures in Wonderland (1992 TV series)" }, { "docid": "5927555", "text": "One Hour in Wonderland is a 1950 television special made by Walt Disney Productions. It was first seen on Christmas Day, 1950, over NBC (4–5 pm in all time zones) for Coca-Cola, and was Walt Disney's first television production. It featured Disney as host, with Bobby Driscoll, Kathryn Beaumont, Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy (who appeared on radio for Coke), and other celebrities who worked with Disney, including the Firehouse Five Plus Two jazz band. This special was actually a promotional program for Disney's upcoming theatrical feature, Alice in Wonderland. Kathryn Beaumont, who voiced Alice, was dressed like her for this television special. This television special was included as a bonus feature on the Masterpiece and Un-Anniversary DVD editions of Alice in Wonderland, as well as the 2011 Blu-ray release and the Exclusive Archive Collection laserdisc box set release. Synopsis Edgar Bergen informs Charlie McCarthy and Mortimer Snerd that Walt Disney has invited them to a tea party. Charlie is hesitant to go, but reluctantly changes his mind when he learns Kathryn Beaumont will be there. While driving to the studio, Edgar tells the story of Alice in Wonderland, much to Charlie's dismay. When they arrive, Walt Disney tells everyone that he was able to buy the Magic Mirror from Snow White (who apparently got it from the Wicked Queen). Charlie insults the mirror, calling it a \"hopped-up television set.\" This enrages the mirror but Walt calms him down. The Mirror then shows everybody what they wish to see. He shows Kathryn a scene from Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Charlie the Mickey Mouse short Clock Cleaners (although Charlie wanted to see himself), Bobby Driscoll a Br'er Rabbit story, Mortimer a Pluto short, and Edgar, Disney's animation studios. There, the cartoonists (played by Firehouse Five Plus Two) take advantage of Walt's absence to have fun playing jingle bells instead of working. At the end of the song, they realize Walt is watching, and frantically finish a scene with Tweedledee and Tweedledum. The Mirror at first refuses to show the unfinished Alice in Wonderland, but changes his mind when everyone wants to see it. The Mirror then reluctantly shows a scene from the film. At the end of the special, Edgar has acquired the Magic Mirror. Charlie tries to make a deal with the mirror, but it turns out Mortimer is the new slave of the magic mirror. Charlie changes his mind and goes to sleep. Segments Seven Dwarves' Party for Snow White (Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs) - 1937 Clock Cleaners (Mickey Mouse) - 1937 Br'er Rabbit Runs Away (Song of the South) - 1946 Bone Trouble (Pluto) - 1940 Jingle Bells (made for the special) - performed by Firehouse Five Plus Two The Mad Tea Party (Alice in Wonderland) - 1950/1951 Cast Walt Disney as himself and Mickey Mouse (voice) Kathryn Beaumont as herself and Alice Bobby Driscoll as himself Edgar Bergen as himself, Charlie McCarthy, and Mortimer Snerd Hans Conried as Magic Mirror (it was voiced", "title": "One Hour in Wonderland" }, { "docid": "71441274", "text": "Alice in Wonderland (An Original Walt Disney Records Soundtrack) is the score album to the 2010 film Alice in Wonderland directed by Tim Burton and produced by Walt Disney Pictures, which is a live-action adaptation of Disney's 1951 film and re-imagining of Lewis Carroll's works. The film's original score is composed by Danny Elfman, a regular collaborator of Burton. Elfman did not opt for a periodic music and instead blended orchestral, classical and pop music into the score, to highlight the internal music of the film, despite the setting of 19th century England. The score was recorded during December 2009—January 2010, in two sessions held in California and London, in various studios. A 95-piece orchestra recorded the musical cues, and the Sibelius scorewriter program was used for score preparation. As with several Burton's filmography, Elfman incorporated several techniques of popular composers, such as Max Steiner and Bernard Hermann, by complementing the visual style with orchestral music. The album consisting of 24 tracks, released by Walt Disney Records on March 2, 2010, accompanying the concept album Almost Alice, for the film. The score was positively received, with Elfman's composition received praise, and had also featured in number 89 in Billboard 200 music charts. The score received nominations for BAFTA Award for Best Film Music, Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score and Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack for Visual Media, respectively. Background Elfman opined that the score is about \"finding the narrative and finding the themes and trying to knit things together and form continuity\", and also added that \"the decision-making process is about who gets a theme and who doesn’t. You can’t just give every character a theme.\" He experimented with the score, by find a central theme and 2–3 secondary themes, and determining on how it can be played, which he called as a \"fun\" and \"surprise\". He also felt using a theme over character, in a certain logic, when the scene is about a character or the trajectory revolving around it. He called it as an \"inventive challenge\", but the purpose is \"to add energy and motion and anticipation and a sense of something building\". The film takes place in England of the 19th century, but Elfman did not use periodic music as he felt that the score had to \"allude to that period\" and will become \"boring\". He added \"you're going to play the characters and you’re going to play internally, and when you start playing internally there really aren’t any rules. In something like Alice in Wonderland there are even less rules. Who knows what kind of music does or doesn’t belong in Wonderland, after all? Outside of Wonderland, at the beginning of the film and at the end of the movie, I’m really just trying to establish some of the themes that will come back.\" He also added that, for sequences in Wonderland, he tried to incorporate the same thematic ideas as being \"a believer in thematic unity and the importance of that in", "title": "Alice in Wonderland (film score)" }, { "docid": "62446", "text": "Alice is a fictional character and the main protagonist of Lewis Carroll's children's novel Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865) and its sequel, Through the Looking-Glass (1871). A child in the mid-Victorian era, Alice unintentionally goes on an underground adventure after falling down a rabbit hole into Wonderland; in the sequel, she steps through a mirror into an alternative world. The character originated in stories told by Carroll to entertain the Liddell sisters while rowing on the Isis with his friend Robinson Duckworth, and on subsequent rowing trips. Although she shares her given name with Alice Liddell, scholars disagree about the extent to which she was based upon Liddell. Characterized by Carroll as \"loving and gentle\", \"courteous to all\", \"trustful\", and \"wildly curious\", Alice has been variously seen as clever, well-mannered, and sceptical of authority, although some commentators find more negative aspects of her personality. Her appearance changed from Alice's Adventures Under Ground, the first draft of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, to political cartoonist John Tenniel's illustrations of her in the two Alice books. Alice has been identified as a cultural icon. She has been described as a departure from the usual nineteenth-century child protagonist, and the success of the two Alice books inspired numerous sequels, parodies, and imitations, with protagonists similar to Alice in temperament. She has been interpreted through various critical approaches, and has appeared and been re-imagined in numerous adaptations, including Walt Disney's film (1951). Her continuing appeal has been ascribed to her ability to be continuously re-imagined. Character Alice is a fictional child living during the middle of the Victorian era. In Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865), which takes place on 4 May, the character is widely assumed to be seven years old; Alice gives her age as seven and a half in the sequel, which takes place on 4 November. In the text of the two Alice books, author Lewis Carroll often did not remark on the physical appearance of his protagonist. Details of her fictional life can be discovered from the text of the two books. At home, she has a significantly older sister, a brother, a pet cat named Dinah, an elderly nurse, and a governess, who teaches her lessons starting at nine in the morning. Additionally, she had gone to a day school at some point in her backstory. Alice has been variously characterised as belonging to the upper class, middle class, or part of the bourgeoisie. When writing on her personality in \"Alice on the Stage\" (April 1887), Carroll described her as \"loving and gentle\", \"courteous to all\", \"trustful\", and \"wildly curious, and with the eager enjoyment of Life that comes only in the happy hours of childhood, when all is new and fair, and when Sin and Sorrow are but names – empty words signifying nothing!\" Commentators characterise her as \"innocent\", \"imaginative\", introspective, generally well-mannered, critical of authority figures, and clever. Others see less positive traits in Alice, writing that she frequently shows unkindness in her conversations with the animals in", "title": "Alice (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)" }, { "docid": "4463554", "text": "Kathryn Beaumont Levine (born 27 June 1938) is a British actress. She is best known for voicing Alice in Alice in Wonderland (1951) and Wendy Darling in Peter Pan (1953), for which she was named a Disney Legend in 1998. Early life Kathryn Beaumont was born to Evelyn and Kenneth Beaumont in London, England on 27 June 1938. Her mother was a professional dancer, while her father was a singer. Career Beaumont made her feature film debut in It Happened One Sunday (1944), which drew interest from Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, who offered her a contract. She recalled: \"MGM was planning to have films with British characters and British-type stories. However, as ideas come and go, they must have shelved the idea because they brought me over and put me under contract, then nothing happened.\" In spite of this, she did play small parts in MGM's On an Island with You (1948), where she did a Jimmy Durante impression in front of Durante's character, The Secret Garden (1949) and Challenge to Lassie (1949). After Beaumont had relocated to Los Angeles, Walt Disney Pictures began auditioning young British actresses to portray Alice in their animated version of Alice in Wonderland (1951). Beaumont auditioned and received the role, working under voice director Winston Hibler. Disney subsequently cast her in the voice role of Wendy Darling in their following feature, Peter Pan (1953). In addition to providing her voice, Beaumont also served as the performance model for both characters for live-action reference to help the animators. When performing as Wendy, Beaumont was suspended in the air to simulate flight, although Beaumont had a fear of heights. Walt Disney personally cast Beaumont after seeing the film, On an Island with You. Beaumont reprised her voice acting role as Alice in two episodes of the animated series House of Mouse (2001–2003) and as both Alice and Wendy in the 2002 video game Kingdom Hearts. In 1998, Beaumont was awarded a Disney Legend award for her voice work on the films Alice in Wonderland and Peter Pan. In 2005, Beaumont retired from acting; the roles of Alice and Wendy were taken over by Hynden Walch. She made a brief return to voice acting in 2010 when she voiced Kairi's grandmother in Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep. In 2023, she once again returned to voice acting by guest starring in season 2 of Alice's Wonderland Bakery. Personal life After completing Peter Pan, Beaumont graduated from high school and enrolled at the University of Southern California, where she graduated with a degree in education. Upon graduating from college, Beaumont worked as an elementary school teacher in Los Angeles for 36 years. Beaumont has been married to her husband, Allan Levine, since 1985. As of 2024, she is the last surviving cast member of It Happened One Sunday (1944), and Alice in Wonderland (1951). Filmography Film Television Video games Theme parks Awards and nominations References External links 1938 births Living people Actresses from London Audiobook narrators English emigrants to the United States", "title": "Kathryn Beaumont" }, { "docid": "4123531", "text": "An unbirthday (originally written un-birthday) is an event celebrated on all days of the year which are not a person's birthday. It is a neologism which first appeared in Lewis Carroll's 1871 novel Through the Looking-Glass. The concept gave rise to \"The Unbirthday Song\" in the 1951 animated feature film Alice in Wonderland. In Through the Looking-Glass, Humpty Dumpty is wearing a cravat (which Alice at first mistakes for a belt) which he says was given to him as an \"un-birthday present\" by the White King and Queen. He then has Alice calculate the number of unbirthdays in a year. In the Disney animated film Alice in Wonderland, Alice stumbles upon the Mad Hatter, the March Hare and the Dormouse having an unbirthday party and singing \"The Unbirthday Song\" (music and lyrics by Mack David, Al Hoffman and Jerry Livingston). Alice at first does not understand what an unbirthday is; when the Mad Hatter explains it to her, she realises it is her unbirthday as well, and receives an unbirthday cake from the Mad Hatter. The scene from the film combines the idea of an unbirthday introduced in Through the Looking-Glass with the \"Mad Tea Party\" described in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. Later in the film; the Mad Hatter mentions this unbirthday party when he is summoned as a witness at Alice's trial. The King of Hearts realises that it is the Queen of Hearts' unbirthday as well, and the trial is abruptly halted for celebration. The unbirthday party is also the subject of a 1951 comic released to coincide with the film. The comic version is substantially longer (32 pages) than the scene in the animated film, and has Alice being invited to the unbirthday party of Tweedledum and Tweedledee (who are not actually present at the unbirthday party). Humpty Dumpty is a character in the comic version, although not in the manner in which he appears in Through the Looking-Glass. References External links Through the Looking-Glass at Wikisource Alice's Adventures in Wonderland Unofficial observances Neologisms Birthdays 1870s neologisms", "title": "Unbirthday" }, { "docid": "14724066", "text": "The Gryphon is a fictional character devised by Lewis Carroll in the popular 1865 book Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. True to the conventional view of a griffin, he has the head, talons, and wings of an eagle and the body of a lion. Role and personality The Gryphon appears to be somewhat overbearing and dismissive of the obsessions and dismays of other characters, such as the Mock Turtle's sorrow and the Queen of Hearts' executions, neither of which (according to the Gryphon) have any basis in fact. He speaks with a slightly ungrammatical Cockney-like accent and makes demands of the Mock Turtle, which are obeyed despite the latter creature's implicit objections. In addition, he is prone to making cough-like sounds written as \"Hjckrrh!\", which seem to have little meaning and may be involuntary. In Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, the Gryphon features with the Mock Turtle in Chapter 9, \"The Mock Turtle's Story\", Chapter 10, \"The Lobster Quadrille\", and briefly at the start of Chapter 11, \"Who Stole the Tarts?\". The Gryphon was ordered by the Queen to take Alice to meet the Mock Turtle; this he did, and stayed with them for a long time, demanding that the Mock Turtle tell its history, as well as several poems. The two creatures go on to explain certain features of their world which are apparently nonsense to Alice, before Alice and the Gryphon are summoned to a criminal trial, leaving the Mock Turtle behind. In other media Films The Gryphon appeared in the 1931 Alice in Wonderland, played by Charles Silvern. The Gryphon appeared in the 1933 Alice in Wonderland, played by William Austin. The Gryphon was to be featured in Disney's 1951 Alice in Wonderland, but the part was deleted. However, he and the Mock Turtle appeared in a Jell-O commercial. The Gryphon appeared in the 1966 Alice in Wonderland TV film, played by Malcolm Muggeridge. The Gryphon appeared in the 1972 Alice in Wonderland film, played by Spike Milligan. The Gryphon appeared in the 1985 Alice in Wonderland movie, played by Sid Caesar. The Gryphon appeared in Dreamchild, performed by Ron Mueck and voiced by Fulton Mackay. The Gryphon appeared in the 1999 Alice in Wonderland TV film voiced by Donald Sinden. The Gryphon was operated by David Alan Barclay, Adrian Getley, and Robert Tygner. In the 2010 Alice in Wonderland film, the Gryphon appeared as an \"in memoriam\" drawing on the wall of the Red Queen's palace, having been killed by the Jabberwocky. Video games Gryphon appeared in the video game American McGee's Alice, voiced by Andrew Chaikin. Gryphon is portrayed as a noble creature that tries to help Alice and is killed by the Jabberwocky. He is later revived after Alice defeats the Queen of Hearts. In the sequel Alice Madness Returns, he died by unknown means (possibly from being consumed by the Ruin) which his friend the Mock Turtle made a ship named \"HMS Gryphon\" in memory. Alice then meets with the Mock Turle to escort her", "title": "Gryphon (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)" }, { "docid": "980128", "text": "The Mock Turtle is a fictional character devised by Lewis Carroll from his popular 1865 book Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. Its name is taken from a dish that was popular in the Victorian period, mock turtle soup. Alice's Adventures in Wonderland Carroll enjoyed such puns on Victorian fashions and etiquette, and showed this frequently. The description and drawing by John Tenniel gives comedic value to the Mock Turtle, as he is clearly an assemblage of creatures, therefore not a real turtle as his name rightly suggests. Alice encounters the Mock Turtle with the Gryphon. The Mock Turtle is a very melancholic character, it is thought because he used to be a real turtle. He tells Alice his history of going to school in the sea. He says his teacher was an old sea turtle called Tortoise and when Alice asks him why he was called Tortoise if he was a turtle the Mock Turtle answers, \"We called him tortoise because he taught us!\" (\"tortoise\" and \"taught us\" both being pronounced in Carroll's dialect). Media incarnations The Mock Turtle appeared in Alice in Wonderland (1931) played by Gus Alexander. The Mock Turtle appeared in Alice in Wonderland (1933) played by Cary Grant. When it came to the development of Disney's animated Alice in Wonderland (1951), the Mock Turtle was planned to appear. However, the Mock Turtle alongside the Jabberwock and the Gryphon were discarded for pacing reasons. The Mock Turtle did appear in a Disney commercial with Alice and the Gryphon. The Mock Turtle appeared in The Hall of Fame (1955) episode \"Alice in Wonderland\" played by the puppeteer Burr Tillstrom. The Mock Turtle appears in The Wednesday Play (1965) episode \"Alice\" played by Norman Scace. He later appeared in the episode \"Alice in Wonderland\" played by John Gielgud. The Mock Turtle appears in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1972) played by Michael Hordern. The Mock Turtle appears in Alicja (1982) played by Jack Wild. The Mock Turtle appears in the Great Performances (1983) episode \"Alice in Wonderland\" played by Donald O'Connor. The Mock Turtle appears in Alice in Wonderland (1985) (TV) played by Ringo Starr. The Mock Turtle appears in Dreamchild (1985) performed by Steve Whitmire and voiced by Alan Bennett. The Mock Turtle, along with the Gryphon, are the first Wonderland characters encountered in the dreams and imaginations of the now elderly Alice Hargreaves. The perpetually sobbing turtle symbolizes the Rev. Charles Dodgson (who stutteringly performs the character's song to a young adult Alice's derision). After making her peace with Dodgson's memory, following an Oxford University choir's performance of \"The Mock Turtle Song,\" Alice dreams again, with Dodgson in a crouching position akin to that of the turtle. The grinning Dodgson turns around, and joins Alice and the Gryphon in joyous laughter. The mock turtle himself, however, remains morose, prompting his companion to tell him to shut up. The Mock Turtle appears in Alice in Wonderland (1986) (TV) played by Roy Skelton. The Mock Turtle appears in Alice in Wonderland", "title": "Mock Turtle" }, { "docid": "26008245", "text": "Almost Alice: Music Inspired by the Motion Picture is a 2010 concept album of various artists' music inspired by Tim Burton's film, Alice in Wonderland. The album is also notable for featuring songs that were inspired from quotes directly from Lewis Carroll's original 1865 novel Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. For example, both \"The Lobster Quadrille\" (by Franz Ferdinand) and \"You Are Old, Father William\" (by They Might Be Giants) are both word-for-word performances of poems from the original Alice as quoted by the Mock Turtle (the former) and Alice herself to the Caterpillar (the latter). Furthermore, \"Very Good Advice\" by Robert Smith is a cover of Kathryn Beaumont's \"Very Good Advice\" from Disney's 1951 animated adaptation of Alice in Wonderland. The album was released by Buena Vista Records on March 2, 2010. It debuted at No. 5 on the Billboard 200 US albums chart. On June 1, 2010, iTunes released a deluxe edition of the album. The lead single, \"Alice\" by Avril Lavigne is played during the end credits of Alice in Wonderland and is the only song of the album featured in the film. It premiered on January 27, 2010, on the radio program On Air with Ryan Seacrest. The second single was the song \"Tea Party\" by Estonian pop singer Kerli. A special edition of the album with three extra songs is exclusive to Hot Topic, though it was also sold online in Mexico by the Mixup Music Store. On June 1, 2010, the special edition was released on iTunes. Reception William Ruhlmann of AllMusic focused part of his review on Lavigne's track, \"Alice\", describing it as \"a typical piece of self-assertive adolescent pop/rock\", noting that it was \"ideally suited for heavy rotation on Radio Disney\". Singling out \"White Rabbit\" and \"Very Good Advice\" as the album \"oddities\", Ruhlmann otherwise decided the album was more appealing for children, with nearly all of the songs being \"schoolyard chants\". Track listing Charts See also Muppets: The Green Album Nightmare Revisited Frankenweenie Unleashed! Avengers Assemble References 2010 compilation albums Alternative rock compilation albums Covers albums Music based on Alice in Wonderland Psychedelic rock compilation albums Pop rock compilation albums Buena Vista Records compilation albums Concept albums Alice in Wonderland (franchise)", "title": "Almost Alice" }, { "docid": "11483199", "text": "The Mouse is a fictional character in Lewis Carroll's 1865 novel Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. He appears in Chapter II \"The Pool of Tears\" and Chapter III \"A Caucus-Race and a Long Tale\" . Alice, the eponymous heroine in the book, first talks to the mouse when she is floating in a pool of her own tears, having shrunk in size: With no response from the mouse, Alice fears that it may not speak English and attempts to speak French. Upon mentioning the French word for cat, chatte, the mouse panics. This leads to a discussion about cats and dogs, culminating in the mouse telling Alice his history. The Mouse's Tale When Alice hears the mouse's \"long and sad tale\", she is watching his tail. So, she imagines the tale in its shape. The \"Fury\" referenced in the tale is Carroll's childhood friend's dog. Fury said to a mouse, That he met in the house, \"Let us both go to law: I will prosecute YOU. --Come, I'll take no denial; We must have a trial: For really this morning I've nothing to do.\" Said the mouse to the cur, \"Such a trial, dear Sir, With no jury or judge, would be wasting our breath.\" \"I'll be judge, I'll be jury,\" Said cunning old Fury: \"I'll try the whole cause, and condemn you to death.\"' In other media Although the Mouse does not appear in the 1951 Disney film, part of his personality has been integrated to the Dormouse. The character makes an appearance in the 1985 made-for-TV adaptation of Alice in Wonderland and is portrayed by Sherman Hemsley. In this incarnation the Mouse sings \"I Hate Dogs and Cats\" before joining in the Caucus-race with the rest of the animals that have been floating on Alice's pool of tears. In the 1983 anime Fushigi no Kuni no Alice, The Mouse appears in overalls. Though he dislikes cats, he isn't actually scared of them. In the anime and manga series Pandora Hearts The Mouse is reimagined as Gilbert Nightray with his fear of cats and his younger brother Vincent is based on the Dormouse. The character also makes an appearance as Mr. Mouse in the 1999 made-for-TV Hallmark adaption and is portrayed by Ken Dodd. References Mice and rats in literature Anthropomorphic mice and rats Lewis Carroll characters Literary characters introduced in 1865", "title": "Mouse (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)" }, { "docid": "28070071", "text": "Wonderland is the setting for Lewis Carroll's 1865 children's novel Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. Geography In the story, Wonderland is accessed by an underground passage, and Alice reaches it by travelling down a rabbit hole. While the location is apparently somewhere beneath Oxfordshire, Carroll does not specify how far down it is, and he has Alice speculate whether it is near the center of the Earth or even at the Antipodes. The land is heavily wooded and grows mushrooms. There are well-kept gardens and substantial houses, such as those of the Duchess and the White Rabbit. Wonderland has a seacoast, where the Mock Turtle lives. Government The land is nominally ruled by the Queen of Hearts, whose whimsical decrees of capital punishment are routinely nullified by the King of Hearts. Other kings and queens are mentioned as their guests, and are implied to be the kings and queens of the other card suits. There is at least one Duchess. Inhabitants The main population consists of animated playing cards: the royal family (hearts), courtiers (diamonds), soldiers (clubs), and servants (spades). In addition, there are many talking animals. Among the characters Alice meets are: Bill the Lizard Caterpillar Cheshire Cat Dodo Dormouse Duchess Gryphon King of Hearts Knave of Hearts Mad Hatter March Hare Mock Turtle Pat Queen of Hearts White Rabbit In other media Wonderland is featured in Walt Disney's 1951 animated film Alice in Wonderland. Wonderland is featured in Tim Burton's 2010 film Alice in Wonderland. Here, it is actually named Underland; Alice misheard the name as a child, believing it to be \"Wonderland.\" Alice returns to Wonderland when the White Queen is challenging her tyrannical sister, the Red Queen, for the crown of Underland. In the third volume of Shazam!, the Magiclands location of the Wozenderlands is the result of Dorothy Gale and Alice uniting the Land of Oz and Wonderland against the threat from the Monsterlands. Once Upon a Time Wonderland is featured in Once Upon a Time and its spin-off Once Upon a Time in Wonderland. In this series, there are two iterations of Wonderland. In the first iteration, the realm is ruled by the Queen of Hearts, the Red King and Queen, the White King and Queen, and the Caterpillar. Some of the known locations in Wonderland include the Black Forest (a dark forest where no light shines through) and its Boro Grove (where those affected by the scent of the perfume flowers are mesmerized and slowly turned into trees), the Boiling Sea (which is a sea of boiling water), Jafar's Lair (a floating landmass where Jafar lives and keeps his prisoners), Mallow Marsh (a marsh that consists of sticky marshmallow-like substances), Mimsy Meadows (where Alice and Cyrus buried Cyrus' lamp until it was excavated by the White Rabbit under the Red Queen's orders), the Outlands (the outskirts of Wonderland where Alice and Cyrus planted an invisible tent given to Cyrus by the Caterpillar), the Queen of Hearts' Palace, Tulgey Woods (a forest where the Mad", "title": "Wonderland (fictional country)" }, { "docid": "23727209", "text": "\"You Are Old, Father William\" is a poem by Lewis Carroll that appears in his 1865 book Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. It is recited by Alice in Chapter 5, \"Advice from a Caterpillar\" (Chapter 3 in the original manuscript). Alice informs the Caterpillar that she has previously tried to repeat \"How Doth the Little Busy Bee\" and has had it all come wrong as \"How Doth the Little Crocodile\". The Caterpillar asks her to repeat \"You Are Old, Father William\", and she recites it. Text Provenance Like most poems in Alice, the poem is a parody of a poem then well-known to children, Robert Southey's didactic poem \"The Old Man's Comforts and How He Gained Them\", originally published in 1799. Like the other poems parodied by Lewis Carroll in Alice, this original poem is now mostly forgotten, and only the parody is remembered. Carroll's parody \"undermines the pious didacticism of Southey's original and gives Father William an eccentric vitality that rebounds upon his idiot questioner\". Martin Gardner calls it \"one of the undisputed masterpieces of nonsense verse\". Since then, it has been parodied further, including more than 20 versions by 1886 a version by Charles Larcom Graves, a writer for Punch in 1889, and \"You are young, Kaiser William\". Appearances In the Walt Disney animated film Alice in Wonderland (1951) the first stanza of the poem is recited by Tweedledum and Tweedledee as a song. \"Father William\" was played by Sammy Davis, Jr. in the 1985 film. Davis, Jr. also sang the poem. The 1999 film briefly shows Father William as Alice recites the first verse of the poem to the Caterpillar. They Might Be Giants recorded a song using the lyrics of the poem for the compilation album Almost Alice for the 2010 film Alice in Wonderland. The poem's first stanza makes an appearance in the mystery comedy drama Monk, in Season 4's episode \"Mr. Monk Goes to a Wedding\", where a supporting character recites the poem in an attempt to stall the killer's plan. Notes External links Alice's Adventures in Wonderland Poetry by Lewis Carroll 1865 poems Works about old age Parodies of literature", "title": "You Are Old, Father William" }, { "docid": "27905512", "text": "Alice in Wonderland is a platform video game developed by Digital Eclipse Software and published by Nintendo for the Game Boy Color. It was released in North America on October 4, 2000. The game follows the plot of the 1951 animated Disney film of the same name. Gameplay Alice in Wonderland follows the plot of the 1951 animated Disney film of the same name. The game begins with the player as Alice following the White Rabbit down its hole. The plot is used to change the level design from stage to stage, and gives the player a more varied experience through gameplay. The game changes the level design based on different stages from the film. Alice changes sizes throughout the game, which makes the platform gameplay feel different throughout the game. Levels often deviate from the main platform areas and include other types of sections: one example is where Alice is placed in her miniature form into a bottle and must navigate rapids. The game includes Game Boy Printer support. Reception Alice in Wonderland received above-average reviews according to the review aggregation website GameRankings. GameSpots Tim Tracy felt that the game offered some of the best graphics and gameplay for any portable system. He felt that the game's sound was its weak point. IGNs Craig Harris felt that the game's platform variety was one of its strongest points. He questioned, however, the inclusion difficult areas which could only be completed through trial and error; he thought that younger children playing the game would have difficulty getting past the sections. The game was a runner-up for GameSpots annual \"Best Game Boy Color Game\" award, losing to Dragon Warrior I & II. See also Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, original 1865 Lewis Carroll novel References External links 2000 video games Disney video games Game Boy Color games Game Boy Color-only games Alice in Wonderland (franchise) Video games based on animated films Video games based on adaptations Video games based on Alice in Wonderland Video games about rabbits and hares Video games developed in the United States Video games set in the 1860s Video games set in the Victorian era Digital Eclipse games Multiplayer and single-player video games", "title": "Alice in Wonderland (2000 video game)" } ]	[ { "docid": "64515672", "text": "Alice in Wonderland () is a 1981 Soviet animated film based on Lewis Carroll's 1865 novel Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. It was produced by Kievnauchfilm and directed by Yefrem Pruzhanskyy. It originally aired on Ukrainian television in three parts. Plot The cartoon is based on the fairy tale story by Lewis Carroll. One summer, a girl named Alice, chasing a bizarre White Rabbit with a watch in his pocket, fell into a rabbit hole and... found herself in Wonderland, a wonderland. Here, Alice will have to become smaller and bigger several times, meet the Blue Caterpillar and the Cheshire Cat, go to a \"crazy tea party\" with the Hatter and the March Hare, find out why gardeners dye roses, meet the Queen of Hearts on the croquet court, and finally take part in the trial of the Jack of Hearts, who stole the royal cutlets. Voice cast Marina Neyolova as Alice Vyacheslav Nevinny as White Rabbit Tatyana Vasilyeva as Queen of Hearts Rina Zelyonaya as Duchess Aleksandr Burmistrov as Hatter Yevhen Paperny as Knave of Hearts Heorhiy Kyshko as March Hare Aleksandr Shirvindt as Cheshire Cat Malvina Shvidler as Caterpillar Lyudmila Ignatenko as The Dormouse Rostislav Plyatt as Narrator References External links 1981 films 1980s Russian-language films Animated films based on Alice in Wonderland Kievnauchfilm films Soviet animated television films Ukrainian animated films", "title": "Alice in Wonderland (1981 film)" }, { "docid": "3596759", "text": "A New Alice in the Old Wonderland is a fantasy novel written by Anna M. Richards, illustrated by Anna M. Richards Jr., and published in 1895 by J. B. Lippincott of Philadelphia. According to Carolyn Sigler, it is one of the more important \"Alice imitations\", or novels inspired by Lewis Carroll's Alice books. A New Alice features Alice Lee, an American girl with a coincidental name, visiting Wonderland and meeting all the characters she knows from Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865) and Through the Looking-Glass (1871). It is illustrated with 67 drawings by the writer's daughter, closely \"after\" the originals by John Tenniel. The Preface, pp. 5–6 in the first edition, is illustrated by a drawing of three children and signed \"A. M. R., Sr.\" A rhyming poem in four stanzas, it indicates that the story originated years ago when \"unreasonable children three\" would accept nothing but the Wonderland of Alice. Evidently Anna M. Richards was the mother, who gave them more of what they knew and loved. Now grown up, one of them made the pictures. With apology to Tenniel and Carroll (\"We're not original, nor wise, nor witty\"), they plead for mercy from the Critic. The 2009 Evertype edition credits mother and daughter under their full names Alice Matlack Richards (1835–1900) and Anna Richards Brewster. Brewster, whose given middle name was Mary, not Matlack, became a renowned artist under her married name. According to Carolyn Sigler, Anna Matlack was already known as a poet and playwright before she married William Trost Richards in 1856, age 20 or 21. They had eight children. In the 1890s she wrote comic poems that were published in American children's magazines. A New Alice was \"an expanded version of the stories she had invented for her young children, to whom the novel is dedicated, about their favorite storybook world.\" A second edition was published in 1896. Sigler interpolates, \"Alice Lee—Richards's protagonist as well as her daughter, who is fictionalized in the text\". (Sigler, 1996, pp. 56–57). Bibliography Publication history Richards, Anna M. (1895) A New Alice in the Old Wonderland. Lippincott. Richards, Anna M. (2000) A New Alice in the Old Wonderland. Wildside Press. Richards, Anna Matlack (2009) A New Alice in the Old Wonderland. Cathair na Mart, County Mayo, Ireland: Evertype Publishing (www.evertype.com). Edited by Michael Everson. Foreword by Everson. There are multiple new editions since 2009. About A New Alice References External links Anna Richards Brewster – official website of the traveling exhibition Anna Richards Brewster, American Impressionist (?) Digital copy by Google at the Internet Archive (archive.org) 1895 American novels 1895 fantasy novels 1890s children's books American fantasy novels American children's novels Children's fantasy novels Books based on Alice in Wonderland", "title": "A New Alice in the Old Wonderland" }, { "docid": "24035941", "text": "Adventure Wonderland was a family theme park situated in the village of Hurn, near Bournemouth, United Kingdom. The park offered rides and attractions aimed at families with children up to the age of 10. It drew much of its theme from the novel Alice in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll and Alice, The Mad Hatter, the Queen of Hearts, The Cheshire Cat, and The White Rabbit make appearances throughout the day around the park and in the theatre shows. In September 2023, the park announced it would be closing all outdoor rides but retaining its indoor play centre, with birthday parties and Christmas attraction. It plans a return to its roots of a traditional family park in 2024 with the Maze at its centre. Adventure Wonderland also incorporates the aztec adventure play centre Wild Thing which opens as part of the full park during the summer or individually during the winter months. The park also hosts a number of special character day events as well as seasonal Halloween and Christmas themed events. Geography Adventure Wonderland is situated in Hurn, Dorset. The park features 1.5 miles of pathways, covering 20 acres of land, adjacent to Bournemouth International Airport. The site is also home to Bournemouth's Aviation Museum, situated on land opposite the car park, having moved there in Autumn 2008. History Adventure Wonderland was created by the farmer Russell Lucas-Rowe. The third generation of a local farming family based at Hurn, the origins of Adventure Wonderland started in approximately 1971, when the site was originally a pick your own strawberries and raspberries. Whilst parents were picking fruit, Lucas-Rowe wanted an area of the site for children's entertainment, so created a garden and maze. On first thinking about a design, Lucas-Rowe chose the theme of the Lewis Carroll children's novel, Alice In Wonderland, realising there was a local connection (Alice Pleasance Liddell, the inspiration for the title character lived in Lyndhurst, Hampshire, approximately 21.9 miles away).The name was later altered to 'Adventure Wonderland' in order for the park to appeal to boys and slightly older children. The site originally opened as The Alice in Wonderland Maze and by the end of the first season, 54,000 people had visited. This encouraged Lucas-Rowe to gradually expand the children's park, which having taken off, resulted in the closure of the pick your own fruit. In 2005, Adventure Wonderland opened a £1million Aztec-themed indoor play area named 'Wild Thing!' This allowed Adventure Wonderland to stay open year round, as they would previously close for the winter due to being an outside park. By July 2011, Adventure Wonderland was one of Dorset's most popular attractions, with approximately 100 staff employed during the peak season and 180,000 visitors each year. Attractions and rides Attractions The park featured outdoor play areas and features. There was also a cafe and gift shop. Visitors could meet live characters, such as Alice and the Mad Hatter. Other live characters would visit, including from local holiday parks, such as Shorefield. Rides Hedge maze The", "title": "Adventure Wonderland" }, { "docid": "11483054", "text": "The Dormouse is a character in \"A Mad Tea-Party\", Chapter VII from the 1865 novel Alice's Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll. History The Dormouse sat between the March Hare and the Mad Hatter. They were using him as a cushion while he slept when Alice arrives at the start of the chapter. The Dormouse is always falling asleep during the scene, waking up every so often, for example to say: He also tells a story about three young sisters who live in a treacle well, live on treacle, and draw pictures of things beginning with M, such as mousetraps, memory and muchness. He later appears, equally sleepy, at the Knave of Hearts' trial and voices resentment at Alice for growing, and his last interaction with any character is his being \"suppressed\" (amongst other things) by the Queen for shouting out that tarts are made of treacle. Disney version The character also appears in Disney's Alice in Wonderland. As in the book, he is sleepy and lazy, but unlike in the book, he sings Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Bat instead of telling his story about mouse sisters to entertain the tea-party participants. He panics at the mention of the word \"cat\", much like The Mouse from the book, and needs to have jam spread on his nose in order to calm down. This first happens when Alice talks about her cat Dinah, causing the March Hare and the Mad Hatter to chase after it in order to administer the jam. The Dormouse later appears as the second witness at Alice's trial, where two playing cards had to have the Queen of Hearts question it quietly and he once again sings Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Bat. When Alice points out that the Cheshire Cat is on the Queen of Hearts' crown, the Queen of Hearts quotes \"cat\", causing the Dormouse to panic, with the March Hare, the Mad Hatter, and the King of Hearts running around trying to catch him, with comical results. The Disney version of the character also appears in House of Mouse and Mickey's Magical Christmas: Snowed in at the House of Mouse. Tim Burton's Alice in Wonderland version In Tim Burton's 2010 Alice in Wonderland film, the Dormouse is a small, female mouse named Mallymkun. Unlike the sleepy character in the book, this Dormouse is an action-oriented swordfighter in training similar to the character Reepicheep from The Chronicles of Narnia. She is voiced by Barbara Windsor. She is initially seen with the group Alice first meets in Wonderland, and saving Alice from the Bandersnatch by plucking out its eye. She is seen a second time at Thackery Earwicket, the March Hare's tea party having tea with the March Hare and the Mad Hatter. She is seen a third time rescuing the Hatter from the Red Queen. She is seen a fourth time at the end, fighting the Red Queen's forces. She also appears in the movie's 2016 sequel in the beginning when Alice returns to Wonderland, and later when", "title": "Dormouse (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland character)" }, { "docid": "28948624", "text": "A 1982 Broadway stage performance of Alice in Wonderland was telecast on PBS's Great Performances in 1983. Directed by Kirk Browning, it was produced by PBS affiliate WNET in New York. Black-and-white papier-mâché costumes aimed to re-create the book's original artwork by John Tenniel. The production was not recorded on film, but on videotape. It starred Kate Burton as Alice, and her father, Richard Burton, as the White Knight. Other notable roles included Nathan Lane as the Mouse, Geoffrey Holder as the Cheshire Cat, Andre De Shields as Tweedledum, and Eve Arden as the Queen of Hearts. The production was a revival of actress-director Eva Le Gallienne and Florida Friebus's famous 1932 stage adaptation of Lewis Carroll's novel. It had been presented on Broadway in 1982 with Ms. Burton in the lead, but with an otherwise different cast featuring the Mirror Repertory Company. The videotaping was not made in a theatre with a live audience, but in a television studio, much as the 1960 version of Peter Pan had been years before. The Le Gallienne-Friebus adaptation had previously served as the unofficial basis for the all-star 1933 Paramount Pictures film version of the novel, which featured Charlotte Henry as Alice. The stage production was successfully revived on Broadway in 1947 with Bambi Linn in the title role, and an abridged 6-record 78-RPM album featuring the revival's cast was made by RCA Victor. The 1983 TV adaptation of the stage production was not the first. It had previously been telecast in 1955 by NBC, as part of the Hallmark Hall of Fame. Cast Kate Burton as Alice Austin Pendleton as White Rabbit Nathan Lane as Mouse Fritz Weaver as Caterpillar Kaye Ballard as Duchess Geoffrey Holder as Cheshire Cat Andre Gregory as Mad Hatter Željko Ivanek as March Hare Eve Arden as Queen of Hearts James Coco as King of Hearts Tony Cummings as Knave of Hearts Swen Swenson as Gryphon Donald O'Connor as Mock Turtle Colleen Dewhurst as Red Queen Andre De Shields as Tweedledum Alan Weeks as Tweedledee Maureen Stapleton as White Queen Richard Woods as Humpty Dumpty Richard Burton as White Knight Dean Badolato Bill Badolato Mercedes Ellington David Gold Frantz Hall Dirk Lumbard Robert Meadows Kirby Tepper S. Addis Williams William Connelly References Films based on Alice in Wonderland American television films 1983 television films 1983 films Films directed by Kirk Browning", "title": "Alice in Wonderland (1983 film)" }, { "docid": "25116384", "text": "Alice is a 2009 television miniseries that was originally broadcast on Canadian cable television channel Showcase and an hour later on American cable television channel Syfy. The miniseries is a reimagining of the classic Lewis Carroll novels Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865) and Through the Looking-Glass (1871), taking place about 150 years later with science fiction and additional fantasy elements added. The miniseries, produced by Reunion Pictures is three hours long, split into two parts, which premiered on Sunday, December 6, 2009, and Monday, December 7, 2009, respectively. Writer and director Nick Willing previously directed a 1999 adaptation of the books that followed the story more closely; however, Alice is intended to be a modern interpretation, imagining how Wonderland might have evolved over the last 143 years. The mini-series was partially shot in the Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada. Plot Alice Hamilton is a judo sensei living with her mother Carol. Her father disappeared when she was ten, and she has spent much of her life looking for him. She invites her new boyfriend Jack Chase to dinner, but is shocked when he gives her a valuable-looking ring as a gift. Jack abruptly leaves, Alice following only to witness Jack being abducted by several men. A man (the White Rabbit) appears and finds out that Alice is in possession of the ring because he hears the click of the mechanical box that contains the ring opening behind her back. He manages to take the box from her, thinking the ring is still in it, but Alice had already quickly taken it out and resealed the box. The White Rabbit runs away and Alice chases him to find out where they had taken Jack, but falls through a giant looking glass and lands in Wonderland, which has evolved over the past 150 years. Mary Heart, the Queen of Hearts rules over Wonderland from the Happy Hearts Casino, where people from Alice's world (\"Oysters\") are taken to, sedated and play games in the casino, their positive emotions drained from them and turned into drug-like substances for the people of Wonderland to digest, keeping them under the Queen's control. Alice escapes her own capture, with the ring still in her possession. Identified as an \"Oyster\" by the tattoo she gains, Alice is taken to Hatter, a member of the resistance seeking to free the Oysters from the Queen's control. Hatter takes Alice to ask Dodo to help save Jack, but Dodo refuses, until the Hatter reveals the ring Alice wears, which Dodo recognizes as the Stone of Wonderland, able to open the Looking Glass back to the human world. Alice flees when Dodo tries to kill her, Hatter accompanying her to the forest where they escape a jabberwock and meet Charlie, a surviving White Knight, who fled a battle years ago where Wonderland's knights were wiped out by the Queen. The Queen has the White Rabbit executed, and has the Walrus and Carpenter revive Mad March, her favorite assassin to track Alice. Alice deliberately", "title": "Alice (miniseries)" }, { "docid": "2828945", "text": "Alice in Wonderland is a 1903 British silent fantasy film directed by Cecil Hepworth and Percy Stow. Only one copy of the original film is known to exist. The British Film Institute (BFI) partially restored the movie and its original film tinting and released it in 2010. According to BFI, the original film ran about 12 minutes; the restoration runs 9 minutes and 35 seconds. At the beginning of the restoration, it states that this is the first movie adaptation of Lewis Carroll's 1865 children's book Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. It was filmed mostly at Port Meadow in Oxford. Called a \"landmark fantasy\" by the BFI, the film is memorable for its use of special effects, including Alice's shrinking in the Hall of Many Doors, and in her large size, stuck inside the White Rabbit's home and reaching for help through a window. It is now available from several sources, and is included as a bonus feature on a 1996 BBC DVD. It is also included in the Vintage Cinema: Experiments in early film 1900s DVD. Plot Alice follows a large white rabbit down a rabbit hole. She finds a tiny door but cannot fit through it. When she finds a bottle labeled \"Drink me\" she does so and shrinks, but not enough to pass through the door. She then eats a cake labeled \"Eat me\" and grows larger. She finds a fan that enables her to shrink enough to get through the door to the Beautiful Garden, where she tries to get a dog to play with her. She enters the White Rabbit's tiny house but suddenly enlarges to her normal size. In order to get out, she uses the fan. She enters a kitchen, in which there is a cook and a woman holding a baby. She persuades the woman to give her the child and takes the infant outside after the cook starts throwing things. The baby then turns into a pig and squirms out of her grip. The woman turns out to be a duchess. The Duchess's Cheshire Cat appears and disappears a couple of times to Alice and directs her to the Mad Hatter's Mad Tea Party. After a while, she leaves. The Queen invites Alice to join the royal procession, a parade of marching playing cards and others, headed by the White Rabbit. When Alice unintentionally offends the Queen, the latter summons the executioner. Alice boxes the executioner's ears then flees when all the playing cards come for her. She wakes up to realize that it was all a dream. Cast See also Cinema of the United Kingdom List of films featuring miniature people References Further reading Film History, an introduction (3rd ed.), Kristin Thompson and David Bordwell The British Film Catalogue 1895-1970: A Guide to Entertainment Films (1973), Dennis Gifford. Newton Abbot, England: David & Charles Ed. External links Alice in Wonderland at silentera.com; the full movie can be viewed here (9 minutes, 32 seconds long). 1903 films 1900s fantasy adventure films 1900s", "title": "Alice in Wonderland (1903 film)" }, { "docid": "3553693", "text": "is a Japanese anime television series animated by J.C.Staff. It was broadcast every second week on NHK from April 6, 1998, until January 28, 1999. Story Takashi loves reading books and especially loves Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. One day, he buys some used books, and he finds one book thrown in. When Takashi opens the book, the God of Math, M-1 appeared. Takashi is told that Alice is kidnapped, and he is asked to rescue her by M-1. Takashi goes on an adventure in Wonderland to rescue Alice. Characters Takashi is a junior high school student and a big fan of Alice in Wonderland. He is asked to rescue Alice by M-1 and goes on an adventure to do this. His ability is average, but his brave heart is great. Hiromi is a neighbor and classmate of Takashi. She heard that Takashi is going on an adventure and decides to follow him. She is rowdy. But she is worried about Takashi, because he often does dangerous things. Toshio is a friend of Takashi. He loves girls. To start the adventure, an adventurer must solve a problem in Math, so Takashi asks to help him. But his ability is worse than Takashi's and he is of no use. He follows Takashi too. Yukari is brought along by Toshio. Her behavior is very good, but when she is excited, she uses rough language. She is very clever and solves almost all questions. She follows Takashi too. M-1 The God of Math, Fredrich. He asks Takashi to rescue Alice. During Takashi's adventure, he helps them with magic 3 times per world. But sometimes the magic fails. Namekuji-neko is a mysterious creature. Its figure seems like a cat, but its body looks like a slug, and it always floats. It follows Takashi as a guide of Wonderland. But it does not know essential things and it often escapes when Takashi is in a pinch. Nishimura-kun is mysterious character. He speaks like a woman. Takashi often meets a disguised Nishimura-kun. It is not known whether he is a friend of Takashi or not, because his advice sometimes rescues Takashi, but at other times entraps him. Shono is a classmate of Takashi. He has no friends. He is possessed by the devil and he kidnaps Alice. He is fat, but he is a handsome boy when he is possessed by the devil. The heroine of Alice in Wonderland. She is kidnapped, and transferred to several worlds. Music Opening theme \"S.O.S.\" (Short Version) Lyrics: Yū Aku Music: Shunichi Tokura Arrangement: Kenichi Kamio Performed by Motoko Kumai, Kyousei Tsukui, Haruna Ikezawa, and Megumi Toyoguchi \"S.O.S.\" (Long Version) Arrangement: Toshiyuki Ōmori Performed by Haruna Ikezawa and Megumi Toyoguchi External links 1998 anime television series debuts 1999 Japanese television series endings Adventure anime and manga Anime based on Alice in Wonderland J.C.Staff Hal Film Maker NHK original programming", "title": "Alice SOS" }, { "docid": "15929278", "text": "The Red King is a character who appears in Lewis Carroll's 1871 fantasy novel Through the Looking-Glass. History Since the whole story revolves around a game of chess, he is characteristic of the king in such a game in that he has all of the pieces on his side available to perform the work for him; unlike his white counterpart, though, he does not move at all throughout the story. Indeed, when Alice first meets him he is fast asleep (\"fit to snore his head off\", as Tweedledum says) and Alice, even prior to seeing him, mistakes the sound he is making for \"lions or tigers\". During this time, Tweedledum and Tweedledee state that she is part of the Red King's dream and she will \"go out—bang!—like a candle\" when he wakes. The match ends by Alice's checkmating of the king, an action coincident with the taking of the Red Queen. In the final chapter of the book, Alice acknowledges that the Red King had, after all, been asleep throughout the whole game, and is left wondering whether the whole experience was her dream or his. Due to his inactivity, some authors, such as Martin Gardner in The Annotated Alice, have speculated that if Carroll intended to portray the red side of the chess-game as being representative of the negative sides of human nature, then the vice he had in mind for the Red King was idleness. Others have speculated that the whole experience in the book was both Alice's and the Red King's. As when Alice awoke, the Looking-Glass world would have disappeared, so too would she have disappeared from the Looking-Glass world when the Red King may have woken up after being checkmated by Alice, just as the Tweedles had described earlier in the book. In other media In the 1999 film the king is seen sleeping in the forest as he does in the book. It is also revealed that the Red King is the King of Hearts's brother. In the 2010 Alice in Wonderland film, the Red King was revealed to have been decapitated by the Red Queen out of the fear that he would have left her for the White Queen if she had not had him executed. His head is seen floating in the Queen's moat of heads. In the TV series Once Upon a Time in Wonderland, the Red King (Garwin Sanford) is a ruler of Wonderland, at odds with the Queen of Hearts (Barbara Hershey), who takes an interest in Anastasia, the lover of Will Scarlet. Anastasia betrays Will to marry the Red King, thus becoming the Red Queen. The manga Pandora Hearts has Glen Baskerville, originally Oswald, being inspired by the Red King with his sister Lacie being based on the Red Queen. The character appears as a boss in American McGee's Alice, as the ruler of the Red Kingdom. He is first seen leading an assault on the White Kingdom, which leads to the capture and execution of the White", "title": "Red King (Through the Looking-Glass)" }, { "docid": "25777622", "text": "Alice in Verse: The Lost Rhymes of Wonderland (2010) is a reimagining of Lewis Carroll's 1865 novel Alice's Adventures in Wonderland written by British-American author J.T. Holden. It tells the story of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (with a \"Slight Detour Through the Looking-Glass\") in 19 rhyming poems, each written in the same style as Lewis Carroll's original verse. The book includes 36 illustrations by American artist Andrew Johnson. Synopsis What distinguishes this variation on Lewis Carroll's classic from others is that the story is told entirely in rhyming verse. It begins the same as Carroll's original, with a languid Alice perking up \"When first she spies the clock of clocks/Within the rabbit's paw\". After following the time-obsessed creature Down the Rabbit-Hole Again, she discovers The Bottle & the Biscuit Box in the \"hall of many doors,\" and after drinking and shrinking and eating and growing (and shrinking again), she is \"swept away upon a pool of tears.\" The first real departure from the original text comes in the 3rd verse, where, after being instructed by the Caterpillar in proper Wonderland speech (The Caterpillar's Lesson on Rhetoric & Rhyme), she is given the chance to impress the imperious insect with her oratory skills in The Mariner's Tale, a dark poem more akin to How Doth the Little Crocodile than the You Are Old, Father William poem she quoted for the Caterpillar in Carroll's original book. The Caterpillar gives his earnest (if somewhat slanted) critique of her recital in the 5th verse (The Subjective Review) before taking flight on mechanical wings (as depicted in the accompanying illustration). The 5th verse finds Alice in familiar company once again with The Cook, the Pig, the Cat & His Duchess, as the Cheshire Cat tells her the tale of the conflict between the Duchess and the Cook, revealing that the pig-babies raised by the Duchess are bred as food for the Queen's banquets. The most pivotal departure from Carroll's original text comes in the 7th verse, \"The Tea Party Resumes\", where it is first hinted at (by a sleep-talking Dormouse) that the Knave of Hearts may not in fact be responsible for the theft of the Queen's tarts. Through rapid wordplay and cunning juxtaposition, both the Mad Hatter and March Hare attempt to muddy the facts and confuse Alice — though, the astute reader will glean much from the Dormouse's revelation on the matter of the Queen's missing tarts. The 8th verse, offers a brief respite from the main action with A Slight Detour Through the Looking-Glass, which serves not only as a catchall recap of Carroll's follow up book but also as an introduction to the subsequent three verses: Dee & Dum (the 9th verse) and The Battle (the 11th verse) which function as a wraparound for the 10th verse, The Walrus & the Carpenter Head Back (the epic sequel to Carroll's masterpiece The Walrus and the Carpenter), in which the tables are turned on the title characters \"who once dined on the shore\".", "title": "Alice in Verse: The Lost Rhymes of Wonderland" }, { "docid": "62180", "text": "Alice in Wonderland is a 1933 American pre-Code fantasy film adapted from the novels by Lewis Carroll. The film was produced by Paramount Pictures, featuring an all-star cast. It is all live action, except for the Walrus and The Carpenter sequence, which was animated by Harman-Ising Studio. Stars include W. C. Fields as Humpty Dumpty, Edna May Oliver as the Red Queen, Cary Grant as the Mock Turtle, Gary Cooper as The White Knight, Edward Everett Horton as The Hatter, Charles Ruggles as The March Hare, Richard Arlen as the Cheshire Cat, Baby LeRoy as The Joker, and Charlotte Henry in her first leading role as Alice. This adaptation was directed by Norman Z. McLeod from a screenplay by Joseph L. Mankiewicz and William Cameron Menzies, based on Lewis Carroll's books Alice in Wonderland (1865) and Alice Through the Looking-Glass (1871). It also drew heavily from Eva Le Gallienne and Florida Friebus's then-recent stage adaptation. When Paramount previewed the film in 1933, the original running time was 90 minutes. By the time it was shown to the press, it was truncated to 77 minutes. Many reviews, including the savage one in Variety, made a point of how long it seemed at an hour-and-a-quarter. Though being released at this shorter time, it is often mistakenly reported that Universal Pictures edited it when it bought the television rights in the late 1950s. Universal released the film on DVD on March 2, 2010, as the first home video release. It is the only major live-action Hollywood theatrical production to adapt the original Alice stories. The next major live-action Hollywood production to do so is a two-part adaptation for television in 1985, and the second major live-action Hollywood production for movie theaters to use the title Alice in Wonderland was made by Tim Burton for Disney in 2010 as a sequel to the original story. Plot Alice (Charlotte Henry) and Dinah live peacefully in their home, until chasing a White Rabbit into a hole. Falling in, Alice is transported to various doors. She drinks a bottle that reads \"Drink Me, Not Poison\", which makes her grow big. Her tears flood the room while weeping. She eats a cookie and turns tiny. Swimming in her tears, she meets a couple of odd men named Tweedle Dee and Tweedle Dum. She encounters a tea party, where the Mad Hatter and March Hare live. She meets the Cheshire Cat, then she meets Humpty Dumpty, who tells her what an unbirthday is. She leaves and meets a caterpillar and changes size again. Alice returns to her normal size and runs away from the caterpillar and meets the Queen of Hearts. They play croquet by grabbing a flamingo by the neck. Alice is welcomed to a castle, realizing that she is Queen or Princess of the land. The people of Wonderland start to go crazy. Alice gets choked by the Queen, wakes up in her room, and lives happily ever after. Cast Richard Arlen as Cheshire Cat Roscoe Ates", "title": "Alice in Wonderland (1933 film)" }, { "docid": "2051169", "text": "The Duchess is a character in Lewis Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, published in 1865. Carroll does not describe her physically in much detail, although as stated in Chapter 9, \"Alice did not much like keeping so close to her: first, because the Duchess was very ugly; and secondly, because she was exactly the right height to rest her chin upon Alice’s shoulder, and it was an uncomfortably sharp chin.\" Her hideous appearance and short stature is strongly established in the popular imagination thanks to John Tenniel's illustrations and from context it is clear that Alice finds her quite unattractive. Origin The Duchess is an antagonist of The Queen of Hearts. In her first appearance, the Duchess seems nearly as unpleasant as the Queen herself, but later on treats Alice with friendliness and respect. According to Martin Gardner in The Annotated Alice, John Tenniel's drawings of the Duchess were inspired by Quentin Matsys's The Ugly Duchess (c. 1513) in the National Gallery. It has been said that the painting is a portrait of Margaret, Countess of Tyrol, who had the reputation of being the ugliest woman who ever existed. The painting, however, was done 200 years after her death. Description The Duchess lives in Wonderland in a small house just outside the Caterpillar's forest. She employs a footman, whom Alice thinks resembles a frog, and a Cook, who is addicted to pepper and who throws crockery and kitchen utensils over her shoulder with no concern for those who might be hit. The footman enjoys staring at the sky for days on end, oblivious to most people in or out of the house. The Duchess also has a baby and a cat (the Cheshire Cat). Lewis Carroll is not explicit about her physical attributes, but Tenniel's drawings illustrate an ugly and grotesque woman with an extremely large head. Her character is strongly volatile; at times she even seems to have a double personality. When she first meets Alice in her kitchen, she shows herself to be nervously aggressive. She recites one of the better-known rhymes in the book, when she advocates beating a child for sneezing: Speak roughly to your little boyand beat him when he sneezeshe only does it to annoybecause he knows it teases.I speak severely to my boyI beat him when he sneezesfor he can thoroughly enjoythe pepper when he pleases As the Cook has absolutely saturated the kitchen with pepper and the baby sneezes constantly, one can only conclude he has probably suffered quite a bit at his mother's hands. Taking pity on the child, Alice spirits him away, only to find that he has transformed into a pig. It is never explained why this happens, but Alice looks on the bright side, concluding that while the baby wasn't a very attractive baby, it makes for a good-looking pig. Of the Duchess' household, the Cat appears to be by far the most balanced and sensible, although it states that—like everyone else in Wonderland—it is mad. When Alice", "title": "Duchess (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)" }, { "docid": "12103458", "text": "Alice in Wonderland is a 2007 operatic adaptation of the novels Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865) and Through the Looking-Glass (1871) by Lewis Carroll. It is the first opera of Korean composer Unsuk Chin, who co-wrote the English libretto with the Asian-American playwright David Henry Hwang. It had its world premiere on 30 June 2007. However, the jacket and notice of the DVD of the world premiere indicates that the recording was made on 27 June at the Bavarian State Opera as part of the 2007 Munich Opera Festival. Conducted by Kent Nagano and featuring Sally Matthews in the title role and Dame Gwyneth Jones as the Queen of Hearts, the production was hailed as World Premiere of the Year by the German opera magazine Opernwelt. A DVD was subsequently released by Euroarts. The American Premier took place in 2012 at Opera Theatre of Saint Louis conducted by Michael Christie under the direction of James Robinson featuring Ashley Emerson, Tracy Dahl, Jenni Bank, David Trudgen, Aubrey Allicock, and Julie Makerov. The most notable subsequent production was a co-production with The LA Phil and The Barbican Center in London. The LA production was conceived by director Netia Jones and conducted in Los Angeles by Susanna Mälkki and in London by Baldur Brönnimann. The cast featured Rachele Gilmore, Andrew Watts, Marie Arnet, Jenni Bank, Jane Henschel, and Dietrich Henschel. The Opera also exists in a condensed concert version which has been performed by the Royal Stockholm Philharmonic, The Bergen Philharmonic in Bergen and Oslo, and the Seoul Philharmonic. This version originated for Soprano and Alto but a Baritone was added for the Seoul version. The concert version has been performed by Sally Matthews(soprano), Rachele Gilmore(soprano), Jenni Bank(mezzo-soprano), and Dietrich Henschel(baritone). Roles Scenes Scene I – Dream I Scene II – The Pool of Tears Scene III – In the House of the White Rabbit Interlude I – Advice from a Caterpillar Scene IV – Pig and Pepper Scene V – A Mad Tea Party Scene VI – The Croquet Ground Interlude II Scene VII – The Trial or Who Stole the Tarts? Finale – Dream II References External links Looking-glass Opera, by Alex Ross, The New Yorker Alice in Wonderland, Bavarian State Opera Operas English-language operas 2007 operas Music based on Alice in Wonderland Operas by Unsuk Chin Operas based on novels", "title": "Alice in Wonderland (opera)" }, { "docid": "14679235", "text": "The Knave of Hearts is a character from the 1865 book Alice's Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll. Alice's Adventures in Wonderland The Knave of Hearts is mentioned first in chapter 8, and later in chapters 11 and 12, which deal with his trial for a tart burglary in which the King of Hearts presides as judge. Alice eventually defends the Knave after the evidence becomes increasingly absurd and she is called as a witness. The White Rabbit announces the charges as: The Queen of Hearts, she made some tarts, All on a summer day: The Knave of Hearts, he stole those tarts, And took them quite away! The Knave rarely speaks during the trial. The Mad Hatter is called to give evidence but spends his entire time being nervous in front of the King and Queen of Hearts, and the Duchess's cook is summoned to tell the court what tarts are made of. Neither is a convincing witness, and the Knave does not provide the King of Hearts with a very good self-defense. He denies he wrote a letter that mysteriously appears in the court, but that he already knows isn't signed. Alice diverts the attention of the court by growing ever and ever larger and arguing more and more, lastly with the Queen over the concept of \"sentence first—verdict afterwards\". Before a verdict can be reached for the Knave's innocence or guilt, Alice reaches full size and forcefulness, and then calls them \"nothing but a pack of cards!\" It is believed by some people that since Sir John Tenniel's illustration of the scene in chapter 12 has the Knave with small club outline shapes on his blouse, the ultimate nonsense is that the King and the Queen do not even have the correct person standing trial, this isn't the Knave of Hearts at all, and whoever it is is unwilling to clarify the matter. However, this would also suppose Alice, the White Rabbit, the Mad Hatter and everyone else missed it as well, and that Carroll inserted an unintroduced character. After calling him \"the Knave of Hearts\" twice in chapter 8, the rest of the chapter simply refers to him as \"the Knave\". The only other non-heart card characters in the book are the three gardeners (drawn as spades), the ten soldiers (described and drawn as clubs), and the ten courtiers (described as diamonds). For other illustrations involving the Knave, the original art by Carroll for chapter 12 and the chapter 8 drawing by both Carroll and Tenniel show no markings. The Knave in adaptations Disney version The Knave of Hearts appears briefly in the lineup of card soldiers as the Jack. Alice is put on trial rather than the Knave in the book Tim Burton's Alice in Wonderland Crispin Glover played the Knave of Hearts in the 2010 Tim Burton film Alice in Wonderland. His real name is given as Ilosovic Stayne who has a very tall appearance and wears a heart shaped eye patch covering his", "title": "Knave of Hearts (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)" }, { "docid": "53666687", "text": "Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass is a 2001 stage adaptation of Lewis Carroll's 1865 novel Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, and the 1871 novel Through the Looking-Glass. It was written by Adrian Mitchell. A 2 hour adaptation of both of Carroll's novels, it holds the distinction for currently being the most comprehensive stage adaptation of the books yet made, with the endings of both novels intact and only minor changes made for theatrical staging reasons. Play inception Mitchell's adaptation originated as a commission from the Royal Shakespeare Company. In his version, Mitchell uses a fictionalized version of the biographically famous \"Golden Afternoon\" on the 4th of July 1862, when Charles Dodgson (Lewis Carroll) first told the stories that would become the Alice novels to his friend Canon Robinson Duckworth and the Liddell children, Alice, Lorina, and Edith. Dodgson wrote the stories down, and much later, presented the manuscript of Alice's adventures Underground to Alice Liddell in November 1864. Main characters and cast members Musical numbers Act 1: Alice's adventures in Wonderland \"Golden afternoon\" - Dodgson, Duckworth, Alice Liddell, Lorina Liddell, Edith Liddell and Company \"Down, Down, Down\" - Company \"How Doth the Little Crocodile...\" - Alice, Crocodile Voice \"Fury Said to a Mouse...\" - Mouse and Company \"You are Old Father William....\" - Father William, Youth \"Wow! Wow! Wow!\" - Duchess, Cook, Baby, Cheshire Cat and Company \"Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Bat\" - Hatter \"The Lobster Quadrille\" - Mock Turtle, Gryphon and Company \"Beautiful Soup\" - Mock Turtle, Gryphon and Company \"The Queen of Hearts...\" - White Rabbit \"They told me you had been to her...\" - White Rabbit Act 2: Through the Looking-Glass \"Moonlight on the Mirror\" - Alice and Company \"The Jabberwocky\" - Alice, Father, Youth and Company \"Tweedle-Dum and Tweedle-Dee...\" - Alice and Company \"The Walrus and the Carpenter\" - Tweedle-Dum, Tweedle-Dee, Walrus, Carpenter and Company \"Humpty Dumpty...\" - Alice \"In Winter when the fields are White...\" - Humpty Dumpty \"The Lion and the Unicorn...\" - Company \"Haddocks Eyes (A-sitting on a Gate)\" - White Knight, Aged Aged Man \"Welcome Queen Alice\" - White Rabbit and Company \"Hushaby Lady\" - Red Queen, White Queen, Alice \"Golden Afternoon (Reprise) - Dodgson, Duckworth, Alice Liddell, Lorina Liddell, Edith Liddell and Company Critical reception The review in The Independent called the original 2001 Royal Shakespeare Company production \"a magic-free tundra of non-idiosyncrasy\" and its Alice, played by Katherine Heath, \"charmless\". The Guardian thought it faithful to Carroll's text, but called it a game of two halves, Wonderland working well enough, but that Looking-Glass went \"off the boil.\" Revivals The play received a significant revival at the Chichester Festival Theatre in 2010 by the Youth Theatre. This revival, unlike its premiere, received more positive reviews, the Angus noting Emily Dyble's \"delightful\" performance as Alice. The 2022 revival by ARTComedia and Jersey Arts centre also received a positive response, with the Bailwick Express Jersey observing \"The sheer scale of the madness played out over the two hours beggars any kind of coherent", "title": "Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass" }, { "docid": "16487646", "text": "Alice in Wonderland is an Australian 51-minute direct-to-video animated film from Burbank Films Australia originally released in 1988. The film is based on Lewis Carroll's classic English novel, Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, first published in 1865, and was adapted by Paul Leadon. Unlike many other adaptations of the novel, this one did not borrow elements from its sequel, Through the Looking-Glass (1871), combined into one film. Burbank Films Australia produced a 73-minute adaptation of the second novel the year before, in 1987, entitled Alice: Through the Looking-Glass. This film was produced by Roz Phillips and directed by Rich Trueblood. Quite uncommon among Burbank Films Australia's adaptations of classic literary works, Alice in Wonderland featured one original theme song, composed by Mark Isaacs and sung by Kerrie Biddell. The copyright in this film is now owned by Pulse Distribution and Entertainment and administered by digital rights management firm NuTech Digital. Plot summary Alice is sitting by the riverbank all alone reading her book entitled The Principles of Logical Calculus when she decides she simply could not stand to read any further. She's bored and she hates being stuck in that \"horrible place\", as she refers to her beautiful outdoor garden. Suddenly out of nowhere, a talking white rabbit wearing a waistcoat and a pocket watch appears, and Alice sees that he is in a big hurry. Running with curiosity, Alice follows the white rabbit down his rabbit hole, and the girl soon finds herself falling deep into the hole. Amazingly, her dress balloons out and she begins to float down past shelves and cupboards, mirrors and other curious objects, which are lined up on shelves. Alice continues to float until she lands and is then in a place called Wonderland. Inside a hall with many different passages, Alice opens a tiny door leading to what she believes is the most beautiful garden she could have ever imagined. In the distance, Alice spots a very curious sort of race, a caucus race, and watches the animals cheer as a small snail defeats the other animals. During her day in Wonderland, Alice questions all of the interesting characters she meets, including the Duchess and her Cheshire Cat about the beautiful garden and how to get there. The girl attends a very extraordinary tea party with two very unusual characters, the Mad Hatter and the March Hare, and is finally invited for a game of croquet with her majesty, the Queen of Hearts. When the Knave of Hearts is unjustly accused of stealing some of the queen's tarts, Alice confesses the truth and tells the jury that it was really she who took the tarts when they had been offered to her. Thus ends Alice's day in Wonderland, and upon finding herself once more in her own garden, Alice for a moment believes to have at last found the beautiful garden she had sought; only then does she realize that she's really at home. After a long day of nonsense and topsy-turvy madness, Alice", "title": "Alice in Wonderland (1988 film)" }, { "docid": "26590846", "text": "Clara in Blunderland is a novel by Caroline Lewis (a pseudonym for Edward Harold Begbie, J. Stafford Ransome, and Michael Henry Temple), written in 1902 and published by William Heinemann of London. It is a political parody of Lewis Carroll's two books, Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865) and Through the Looking-Glass (1871). The book was followed a year later by a sequel, Lost in Blunderland. The book is critical of the British Government's engagement in the Second Boer War and its subsequent domestic and foreign policy choices. Prime Minister Arthur Balfour is represented by Clara, the equivalent of Alice, who \"can get in a hole when no one else would have found it possible.\" A number of other prominent politicians are represented by other characters from the \"Alice\" books: the Red Queen is Joseph Chamberlain, the Duchess is Lord Salisbury, Crumpty-Bumpty is Henry Campbell-Bannerman, the Walrus is William Vernon Harcourt, the Dalmeny Cat is Lord Rosebery, and the Caterpillar is Winston Churchill. The book features 40 drawings by journalist J. Stafford Ransome (credited as \"S.R.\") after the originals by John Tenniel. Clara in Blunderland ran to ten editions. It and its sequel were among a number of satirical works drawing on Alice's Adventures in Wonderland published around the turn of the century; others included Saki's The Westminster Alice (1902) and Charles Geake and Francis Carruthers Gould's John Bull's Adventures in the Fiscal Wonderland (1904), which also featured representations of Balfour and Chamberlain. References External links 1902 British novels 1902 fantasy novels Books based on Alice in Wonderland British fantasy novels Works published under a pseudonym Novels by Harold Begbie Parody novels Henry Campbell-Bannerman Cultural depictions of Winston Churchill Arthur Balfour Cultural depictions of Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery", "title": "Clara in Blunderland" }, { "docid": "10777858", "text": "The King of Hearts is a character from the 1865 book Alice's Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll. He is the husband of the Queen of Hearts. Alice's Adventures in Wonderland When compared to the Queen of Hearts, the King of Hearts appears to be the moderate part of the Wonderland government. As an example, when the Queen, who enjoys ordering beheadings, attempts to have Alice executed (charged with being unable to answer who is lying down in front of her), the King of Hearts reminds her that she is only a child. The King also quietly pardons many of the subjects the Queen has ordered to be beheaded when the Queen is not looking. This guarantees few people are actually guillotined. Nevertheless, when the Queen plays a game of croquet in the story, the only players who remain at the end are himself, the Queen, and Alice. At the Knave of Hearts' trial, however, where he acts as judge, he is revealed to be quite juvenile, with such lines as, \"don't be nervous or I'll have you executed on the spot\" to the Mad Hatter, or asking the Duchess' cook irrelevant questions such as \"what are tarts made of?\" Between the two of them, the King and Queen appear to present a fairly accurate reflection of the childish, reckless, and confusing world of Wonderland. Disney version The Disney movie portrays the King of Hearts as a dwarfish man wearing an extremely tall crown, and he is very much subdued by the Queen in terms of popularity among their subjects. He seems to be less bright than in the book: for instance when he first sees Alice, he thinks she is another card. He also squeals happily behind the subject being ordered to be beheaded, once the Queen gives the order, taunting the Card guards that are carrying away the failed Card Soldier as if he had given the order himself. He appears briefly when the Cheshire Cat entangles the Queen's croquet mallet (actually a live flamingo) in her dress, causing her to fall over and expose her red heart-printed bloomers. The King then gives the order to save her modesty, which he and nearly all the Card Soldiers do with the sole exception of Alice. This causes the Queen to blame Alice for the embarrassing situation. Just as she orders Alice's head off, the King of Hearts requests a trial beforehand. This irritates the Queen, prompting the King to add that it will only be \"a little trial\". The Queen accepts. However, when the trial begins she offers an atypical approach towards justice: sentence before verdict (the same stance taken by her original portrayal in the book with regard to the Knave of Hearts). The King again stops her, saying they should call witnesses first. The witnesses called are the Mad Hatter, March Hare, and Dormouse whom Alice met earlier. The Cheshire Cat reappears and frightens the Dormouse, who briefly puts the court into disorder. The Queen of Hearts", "title": "King of Hearts (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)" }, { "docid": "24168707", "text": "Alice of Wonderland in Paris or Alice in a New Wonderland is a 1966 Czech-American animated film directed by Gene Deitch and produced by William L. Snyder in extreme limited animation. Plot Young Alice, having become a celebrity for her adventures in Wonderland, is in her bedroom dreaming about visiting Paris and sharing adventures with the storybook girl Madeline. While no comment is made as to where this Alice comes from or what time the film is set in, Alice seems to be American, as she likes cheeseburgers and is having a great deal of trouble when it comes to getting to France. As Alice points out, “Getting to Wonderland was easy – all I had to do was fall down the rabbit hole. But let’s face it – it takes money to get to Paris!”. As Alice dreams in her bedroom, a talking mouse named François rides a bicycle into Alice's bedroom and wants to conduct a survey about her favourite cheeses. Alice wants to join François in his native Paris, so François uses a cheese that his company makes, which uses the same magical mushroom she ate in Wonderland as an ingredient, to shrink Alice to rodent size. Together, they ride through Paris, where François narrates a series of short stories with a Parisian theme. The film includes brief adaptations of five short stories: Eve Titus' Anatole Ludwig Bemelmans' Madeline and the Bad Hat Crockett Johnson's The Frowning Prince James Thurber's Many Moons Ludwig Bemelmans' Madeline and the Gypsies. In the end, when Alice finally meets her, it turns out that Madeline dreams of being Alice in Wonderland. Cast Norma MacMillan as Alice Luce Ennis as Singer Howard Morris as Grand Wizard, King (The Frowning Prince), Queen, The Frowning Prince Carl Reiner as Anatole, Doucette, M. Duval Trinka Snyder as Princess Lenore Allen Swift as François, Narrator, King (Many Moons), Lord High Chamberlain Lionel Wilson as Jester, Royal Mathematician, Royal Wizard, Minstrel Production Alice of Wonderland in Paris was created by the team of Gene Deitch and William L. Snyder, who had previously collaborated on Munro, which won the Academy Award for Animated Short Film in 1961. The filmmakers (along with Rembrandt Films) were also responsible for producing the 1960–1962 Tom and Jerry theatrical cartoons for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and also were one of the producers of the Popeye animated TV series for King Features Syndicate, aired in syndication between 1960 and 1963. Attracted to the economy and beauty of Prague, Deitch and Snyder produced cartoons for both cinema release and cartoons based on short stories for school educational film use. Five of these stories were placed in the feature with new Alice sequences to be released as a feature film in the West. Actors Carl Reiner, Howard Morris and Allen Swift provided the voice performances, and Canadian actress Norma MacMillan provided the voice of Alice. Alice of Wonderland in Paris runs 52 minutes, which is somewhat short for a feature film release, and it was presented for its 1966", "title": "Alice of Wonderland in Paris" }, { "docid": "26697741", "text": "is a Japanese female-oriented visual novel developed by Quin Rose. The game is a re-imagining of Lewis Carroll's classic 1865 novel Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. There are multiple sequel games, as well as multiple manga series, licensed in North America originally by Tokyopop and later by Yen Press and Seven Seas Entertainment. An original video animation adaptation was announced for release in November 2008, but was later delayed. Instead, an anime film adaptation produced by Asahi Production was released in Japanese theaters in July 2011. In June 2019, Idea Factory's Otomate revived QuinRose as QuinRose reborn and announced a new project for Nintendo Switch, titled , divided into two games titled Alice in the Country of Spades ～Wonderful White World～ and Alice in the Country of Spades ～Wonderful Black World～. Plot Alice Liddell is an insecure girl who is overshadowed by her sister's beauty and grace. During one of their outings, Alice's sister goes to get a deck of cards for a game while Alice falls asleep. When a white rabbit comes and encourages her to chase him, Alice assumes she is dreaming and tries to go back to napping until the rabbit turns into a man with white rabbit ears and carries her off. Peter White (the White Rabbit) throws Alice into a hole that appears in her yard and jumps in after her. When they land in a strange, open area, Peter starts confessing his undying love for her. He tells her to drink a 'medicine' but when she refuses, he simply pours the liquid into his mouth and then kisses her, forcing her to drink it. It is later revealed that whoever drinks this medicine, participates in a game, so says Peter. Alice learns that she is in Wonderland and the only way she might be able to return to her world is to interact and spend time with the strange people in Wonderland, which slowly refills the vial. However, Wonderland is going through violent times—everyone is reckless and uncaring as to who lives or dies, and with a civil war going on everyone in the strange world finds it hard to trust each other with an instinct to kill. Wonderland is split into various countries, with most of the action taking place in the 'Country of Hearts'. It is divided into three main territories: The Castle of Hearts, ruled by Vivaldi (the Queen of Hearts), with assistance from Peter White who serves as Prime Minister, and Ace (the Knight of Hearts), the most skilled swordsman in the Wonderland, who has a terrible sense of direction; Hatter Mansion, home of Wonderland's Mafia, The Hatters, led by Blood Dupre (The Hatter), with help from his second-in-command Elliot March (the March Hare) and the gatekeepers, Tweedledee and Tweedledum (Tweedle Dee and Tweedle Dum); and the Amusement Park, run by the marquis Mary Gowland (the Duke) with help from a punkish cat, Boris Airay (the Cheshire Cat). All three territories are at war with each other, with the only neutral", "title": "Alice in the Country of Hearts" }, { "docid": "70784799", "text": "The Alice in Wonderland sculpture is located at Central Park in Manhattan, New York City, U.S. It is approximately at 74th Street, on the north side of Conservatory Water. The bronze statue stands eleven feet high and portrays Alice surrounded by the Mad Hatter, White Rabbit, Cheshire Cat and other characters from the book enjoying a tea party. History The statue was created in 1959 by José de Creeft under the commission of George Delacorte, so children could experience Alice in Wonderland in person. The sculpture was originally cast at the Long Island Modern Art Foundry in the Steinway Mansion. The sculpture is unique because visitors are encouraged to interact with the statue. The statue is made of bronze and was derived from images John Tenniel created for the original publication. The face of Alice is actually based on Creeft's daughter, Donna. The sculpture's Mad Hatter is a caricature of George Delacorte. At the base of the sculpture are engravings from Lewis Carol's poem Jabberwocky. The sculpture was dedicated to George's wife Margarita whose name is located at the base of the sculpture. Additionally, there are six plaques located around the base of the sculpture that depict her favorite moments from Alice in Wonderland. Controversies The statue was the subject of a foiled terrorist plot in April 2020. Kevin Fallon was arrested for plotting to blow up the statue, as well as threatening to kill several others. He was sentenced to psychiatric care and evaluation. There has been an ongoing debate since the sculpture was erected within the city of NY, over whether the statue depicts the White Rabbit, or the March Hare. Gallery See also Central Park Central Park Boathouse Alice in Wonderland (franchise) References Sculptures in Central Park Sculptures in New York City Outdoor sculptures in New York (state) 1959 sculptures Bronze sculptures in Manhattan Bronze sculptures in New York (state)", "title": "Alice in Wonderland sculpture" }, { "docid": "29404494", "text": "Ruth Gilbert (May 8, 1912 – October 12, 1993) was an American actress, best known for her role as Alice in the first sound version of Alice in Wonderland in 1931, and as Max in The Milton Berle Show. Career A graduate of the American Academy of Dramatic Arts, Gilbert's role as Alice in the 1931 film Alice in Wonderland was her first major role. The film was made by Metropolitan Studios, an independent film company from Fort Lee, New Jersey. They made it for educational purposes in readiness for the 100th anniversary of Lewis Carroll's birth the following year Gilbert's success in Alice in Wonderland gained her national recognition and this led to her first Broadway role in Girls in Uniform in 1932, a play inspired by the German film Mädchen in Uniform, which was in turn based upon the Christa Winsloe novel and play. Her role as Alice also got Gilbert noticed by Eugene O'Neill who cast her in the role of Muriel in the Theatre Guild production of Ah, Wilderness!, which also starred George M. Cohan. She continued to work steadily on Broadway and as a radio actress throughout the 1930s and 1940s. During this period, she appeared as Sadie in John Howard Lawson's Processional at the Federal Theatre Project in 1937. She was also a member of the Group Theatre for two years, and in 1946 O'Neill cast her as Pearl in his play The Iceman Cometh. On radio, she appeared in Norman Corwin's Columbia Presents Corwin. In 1949, Gilbert replaced Lee Grant as the shoplifter in the Broadway run of Detective Story. That same year, she also appeared in the NBC Presents episode entitled, \"The Florist Shop\", and she became the star of her own short lived TV series, Ruthie on the Telephone, which co-starred Phillip Reed. The latter series was notable in that it was a prime time show in which each episode was only five minutes long. Gilbert continued to work well into the 1950s. From 1953 to 1955, she played Max, the lovesick, scatterbrained secretary, in ten episodes of The Milton Berle Show. Her often repeated line in the show, \"Let's not fight this, Mil-l-ton, it's bigger than both of us,\" became her catchphrase However, midway through her tenure on the show, she was fired for becoming pregnant. Nevertheless, the matter was ultimately resolved by arbitration and she returned to the program after the birth of her daughter. Gilbert's career reached its zenith in the 1950s and thereafter began to slow down. However, a year before her death, she made one last comeback in a cameo as Mrs. Landesman in the film Me, Myself and I in 1992. Death Gilbert died on October 12, 1993, at a hospice in Calvary Hospital in the Bronx, Manhattan of brain cancer. Her death was mistakenly originally reported as happening on October 13, 1993, at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. References External links 1912 births 1993 deaths Actresses from New York City American Academy of Dramatic", "title": "Ruth Gilbert (actress)" }, { "docid": "25585383", "text": "{{Infobox film \| name = Alice in Wonderland \| image = Alice's-Adventures-in-Wonderland-1910.jpg \| caption = \| director = Edwin S. Porter \| writer = Lewis Carroll (book) \| starring = Gladys Hulette \| distributor = Edison Manufacturing Company \| based_on = {{Based on\|Alice's Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll}} \| released = \| runtime = 10 minutes \| country = United States \| language = Silent film }}Alice's Adventures in Wonderland is a 10-minute black-and-white silent film made in the United States in 1910, and is based on Lewis Carroll's 1865 book of the same name. Produced by the Edison Manufacturing Company and directed by Edwin S. Porter, the film starred Gladys Hulette as Alice. Being a silent film, naturally all of Lewis Carroll's nonsensical prose could not be used, and, being only a one-reel picture, many of the memorable characters in Carroll's original 1865 novel similarly could not be included. What was used in the film was faithful in spirit to Carroll, and in design to the original John Tenniel illustrations. Variety'' complimented the picture by comparing it favorably to the \"foreign\" film fantasies then flooding American cinemas. Plot Alice sees the White Rabbit run by, checking its pocketwatch. Intrigued, Alice follows him down the rabbit hole and into Wonderland. She lands in a room lined with doors, but finds that all of them are locked. She finds a key on a table, and discovers that it opens a tiny door. Frustrated that she can't get through the door, she discovers that a bottle has appeared on the table. She drinks the contents, and shrinks down to the size of the little door. Then she realizes that she left the key on the table and can't reach it, so she eats a piece of cake that makes her grow even bigger than her original size. She sees the White Rabbit run through the room, and she's so unhappy that she begins to cry. She weeps a pool of tears and splashes in it, but she dries off quickly. Next she punches through the little door that leads to a garden. The White Rabbit and other small animals are alarmed to see a giant hand reaching through the door, and they run away. She finds a little fan, and when she fans herself, she shrinks back down to the correct height for the door. Emerging at last into the garden, she's frightened by an enormous puppy. Approaching a little house, she sees a fish-footman hand a frog-footman an invitation from the Queen of Hearts to the Duchess. Plates fly out of the door, so she enters the house and finds the Duchess, the Cook, the Baby and the Cheshire Cat. The Cook adds too much pepper to her food, and the sneezing Duchess hands Alice the Baby. Going outside with the Baby, she finds that it's turned into a little pig. The Cheshire Cat appears in a tree, and tells her that \"We're all mad here. I'm mad. You're mad.\"", "title": "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1910 film)" }, { "docid": "37273412", "text": "The Game of Alice in Wonderland, subtitled \"The dream-child moving through a land of wonders strange and new in a friendly chat with bird or beast and half believes it true\", is a bespoke card game published in 1882 by Selchow and Righter. It was the first card game to be published that was based on Alice in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll. Description The Game of Alice in Wonderland uses a custom deck of 52 cards divided into three \"suits\": starred picture cards, plain picture cards, and numbered cards. Star picture cards: 16 cards are numbered from 1 to 16; each card has a star and a picture based on John Tenniel's original illustrations in Alice in Wonderland. The top-ranked picture card is Alice, and the lowest-ranked picture card is the dodo. Plain picture cards: Another 16 cards are identical to the first set but have no star. 20 unillustrated cards are numbered from 1 to 20. Card ranking The cards are ranked by suit and by number (16 being the highest rank): Star picture cards are the highest-ranked suit, and trump all plain picture cards and numbered cards. Plain picture cards trump all numbered cards. Setup The cards are shuffled, and each player is dealt seven cards. When cards run out, another seven cards are dealt, and this continues until all cards in the deck have been played. Gameplay The first player leads any card, starred, plain or numbered. If the second player has its mate (a card of the same number, whether starred, plain or numbered), the mate must be played, and the higher-ranked cards defeat its mate. If the second player does not have its mate, the second player must follow with a card of the same suit if possible. Other players play according to the same rules. If two or more picture cards are in play and a player has the mates to both, the player must play the mate of the first picture card played. Victory points When the deck is exhausted and all cards have been played, players add up their victory points by examining the cards they have taken: For each pair: 10 points Holding both Alice and the Pool of Tears: 20 points Holding the largest number of cards: 10 points The player with the most points is the winner Publication history The children's book Alice's Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll was first published in both the UK and the US in 1865. Seventeen years later, in 1882, the American games company Selchow and Righter published what The Lewis Carroll Society of North America recognizes as the first game based on the book, The Game of Alice in Wonderland. Recognition Copies of the game are held in the special collections of: Kent State University (accession number kent.b2383191) The Lilly Library of Indiana University References Works based on Alice in Wonderland Card games introduced in the 1880s 1882 introductions", "title": "The Game of Alice in Wonderland" }, { "docid": "41199965", "text": "There are more than 100 illustrators of English-language editions of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865) and Through the Looking-Glass (1871), with many other artists for non-English language editions. The illustrator for the original editions was John Tenniel, whose illustrations for Alice and Looking Glass are among the best known illustrations ever published. Alice's Adventures in Wonderland was first published in 1865, but it was withdrawn as the illustrator, Tenniel, was unhappy with the quality of the printing. The text blocks were sent to America where they were bound with a new title page and sold there. Apart from E. Gertrude Thomson, who illustrated the cover of The Nursery \"Alice\" (1890), the first artist other than Tenniel to produce illustrations for Alice was Beatrix Potter, who created six illustrations in the 1890s although none appeared in book form. Copyright In America, until 1891, publishers could reprint British books without the copyright restraint, but from that date on they had to get the agreement of the UK publishers and authors. As a result, several US publishing houses issued copies of the Alice books with Tenniel illustrations. McManus was the first to attempt the task of providing new illustrations for the books in 1899. Up to 1907, Macmillan held the exclusive copyright of Alice's Adventures in Britain and the Colonies. When the copyright ran out many publishers took the opportunity to issue the Alice book with new illustrations, and around 20 editions appeared in the following two years alone. (The Through the Looking-Glass copyright did not run out until 1948). List of illustrators John Tenniel, first editions published by Macmillan, London: Alice's Adventures in Wonderland in 1865, Through the Looking Glass in 1871, and illustrated Carroll's children's book The Nursery \"Alice\" in 1890. Blanche McManus, the first American editions of the Alice books with new illustrations, published by Mansfield & Wessels in 1899. The books were published in a combined edition in 1900 by Wessels, after the publishing partnership dissolved. J. R. Sinclair, an illustrated Alice published by The National Sunday School Union (London) in the Red Nursery Series (bright, pictorial paper-covered boards), no date (c. 1900–1910). Also in plain gray cloth boards. Peter Newell, Alice published by Harper USA in 1901 & Looking-Glass in 1902 Fanny Y. Cory, first Alice in 1902, then a combined Alice and Looking Glass in 1905. Both by Rand McNally. Maria L. Kirk (& John Tenniel) published by Stokes USA in 1904 J. Watson Davis, joint edition of Alice and Looking Glass published by A. L. Burt, New York, in 1905 with color plates by Davis in addition to the Tenniel illustrations. Davis also provided the frontispiece for Alice's Adventures in Wonderland Retold in Words of One Syllable, Burt, 1905. Bessie Pease Gutmann, Alice first published by Dodge USA in 1907 & Looking-Glass in 1909; first UK edition by Milne in 1908 Thomas Maybank, published by Routledge (c. 1907–1908) Millicent Sowerby, published by Chatto & Windus in 1907, then an American edition by Duffield/Chatto & Windus in", "title": "Illustrators of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland" }, { "docid": "28394226", "text": "Alice in Blunderland: An Iridescent Dream is a novel by John Kendrick Bangs. It was first published in 1907 by Doubleday, Page & Co. of New York, with illustrations by Albert Levering. It is a political parody of the two Alice books by Lewis Carroll, Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865) and Through the Looking-Glass (1871). It is critical of collectivism and economic issues such as taxation, corporate greed, and corruption. Instead of entering Wonderland, Alice finds herself in \"Blunderland\", which is also described as \"Municipal Ownership Country\". Plot Alice travels to Blunderland where nothing is supposed to be, children live in the Municipal House of the Children and the Duchess and the City are their parents. Familiar characters made famous by Alice in Wonderland make appearances in the book, including the dormouse, the Mad Hatter, the Cheshire Cat and others. Publication history Alice in Blunderland: An Iridescent Dream was published in book form in 1907. Part of Alice in Blunderland was previously published as \"Alice in Municipaland\" in Concerning Municipal Ownership, vol. 1 no. 10 (December 1906), pp. 182–87. The book features line drawings by Albert Levering (1869–1929), after the original Alice illustrations by John Tenniel. In 1902, Bangs had written a book inspired by Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, called Rollo in Emblemland. References External links 1907 American novels Books based on Alice in Wonderland American fantasy novels 1907 fantasy novels Doubleday, Page & Company books Literary parodies", "title": "Alice in Blunderland: An Iridescent Dream" }, { "docid": "40763513", "text": "\"Down the Rabbit Hole\" is the first episode of the Once Upon a Time spin-off series Once Upon a Time in Wonderland. Written by Edward Kitsis, Adam Horowitz, Zack Estrin, and Jane Espenson, and directed by Ralph Hemecker, it premiered on ABC in the United States on October 10, 2013. In this premiere episode, Alice is rescued from her captivity in an insane asylum and returns to Wonderland to find her presumed-dead genie lover, while in flashbacks, her first and subsequent trips to Wonderland are revealed, which have dire consequences. The premiere received generally positive reviews from critics, despite low ratings; the episode was watched by 5.8 million viewers. Plot Opening Sequence A title card which states \"Once Upon a Time...\" In the characters' past Alice (Sophie Lowe) returns home to her father (Shaun Smyth), who tells her that everyone thought she was dead. Her imaginative stories about a talking White Rabbit (John Lithgow) and a mystical place called Wonderland end up getting the attention of Dr. Lydgate (Jonny Coyne), a psychologist from an asylum. She is admitted to that asylum, where it is revealed that she continued frequent visits to Wonderland to confirm its reality. After capturing her proof in the form of the White Rabbit, she encounters Cyrus (Peter Gadiot), a genie with whom she falls in love. The two lovers have several adventures, leading to a fateful day on the cliff of the Boiling Sea, where Cyrus proposes to Alice. They are interrupted by the Red Queen (Emma Rigby), who has her henchmen attack them. In the end, the Red Queen throws Cyrus off the cliff into the sea, where Alice looks into the mist of where he's fallen. In a final flashback, it is revealed that Cyrus actually survived the fall into the Boiling Sea, as Jafar saved him with his flying carpet. In Storybrooke In present day, the Knave of Hearts (Michael Socha) resides in Storybrooke, Maine, stealing coffee in the dead of night from Granny's diner, until the White Rabbit interrupts him via bursting through a newly made rabbit hole. He convinces the Knave to help him save Alice, who is in Victorian England. In Victorian England Dr. Lydgate tells Alice that there is a new treatment that will take away all of her memories of Wonderland, which she agrees to allow them to use on her. The morning of the procedure, the Knave and White Rabbit come to save Alice, and the three of them escape the asylum and journey through a rabbit hole back to Wonderland, after convincing Alice that Cyrus has been seen alive. In Wonderland Upon arriving, the three land in a Mallow Marsh. The Rabbit recounts that he himself did not see Cyrus, rather that he had been told by the Dormouse that the latter had seen Cyrus at the Mad Hatter's house, which has been abandoned for some time. Alice and the Knave find themselves stuck in quicksand (made of marshmallow), and the Rabbit runs ahead to go", "title": "Down the Rabbit Hole (Once Upon a Time in Wonderland)" }, { "docid": "73192283", "text": "The Century Girl is a musical comedy revue with music by Victor Herbert and Irving Berlin, and lyrics by Henry Blossom and Berlin. It opened November 6, 1916, at the Century Theatre on Broadway and ran until April 28, 1917, totaling 200 performances. Rather than having a cohesive plot, the show was a mixture of musical and vaudeville performances. Production Charles Dillingham and Florenz Ziegfeld Jr. produced the show. Staging was by Edward Royce, Leon Errol, and Ned Wayburn, with set design by Joseph Urban. Max Hoffman directed the orchestra. The show had a runtime of over four hours. On its opening night, the show began at 8:25pm and ended at 12:58am. This was actually an improvement from the show's time prior to its premiere. It had originally been scheduled to open on October 16, but was delayed in order to cut down the show while maintaining the lineup of actors and performers. Cuts continued to be made after the premiere, resulting in several actors, including Marie Dressler, being let go. Performances included a \"Stone Age romance\", an Alice in Wonderland musical number, a number featuring animals and hunters, and a skit with actors portraying of Herbert and Berlin. The Century Girl was the only successful show produced at the Century Theatre (previously the New Theatre). After the show's closure, the theatre was sold and later demolished, being replaced by the Century Apartments. Cast Songs Alice in Wonderland The Ballet Loose The Birth of the Century Girl The Century Girl The Chicken Walk/That Broadway Chicken Walk/Jungle Ball Finale He Likes Their Jukelele Humpty Dumpty It Takes an Irishman to Make Love Kiss Me Again/Kiss Me Once More The Music Lesson/Herbert-Berlin Duet On The Train of a Wedding Gown The Romping Redheads The Stone Age The Toy Soldiers Uncle Sam's Children Under the Sea When Uncle Sam is Ruler of the Sea You Belong to Me Reception The New York Times and critics from other publications reviewed the show positively. External links The Century Girl at the IBDB References 1916 musicals Broadway musicals Musicals by Irving Berlin Musicals by Henry Blossom Musicals based on Alice in Wonderland", "title": "The Century Girl" }, { "docid": "2828905", "text": "Alice in Wonderland is a 1999 made-for-television film adaptation of Lewis Carroll's books Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865) and Through the Looking-Glass (1871). It was first broadcast on NBC and then shown on British television on Channel 4. Tina Majorino played the lead role of Alice and a number of well-known performers portrayed the eccentric characters whom Alice meets during the course of the story, including Ben Kingsley, Martin Short, Whoopi Goldberg, Peter Ustinov, Christopher Lloyd, Gene Wilder, George Wendt, Robbie Coltrane and Miranda Richardson. In common with most adaptations of the book, it includes scenes and characters from Through the Looking-Glass. The film won four Emmy Awards in the categories of costume design, makeup, music composition and visual effects. The film was re-released as a special edition DVD on March 2, 2010, no special features were included, however the film was restored to its original speed as prior releases suffered from PAL speed up. A rare behind-the-scenes documentary of the film was released to YouTube in 2019, the 20th anniversary of the film's release. Plot Alice is unwillingly preparing a presentation of the song \"Cherry Ripe\" for a garden party. Nagged by her governess (Dilys Laye) and facing stage fright, an audience of strangers and a song she dislikes, Alice runs out of the house and hides in the woods. As clouds fill the sky, an apple falls from the tree and hovers in her face. She then sees the White Rabbit (voiced by Richard Coombs) and follows him down the rabbit hole, landing in Wonderland. In an attempt to enter a small door and hide in a beautiful garden, Alice shrinks and grows into a giant, floods a room with tears and shrinks to the size of a mouse. She meets Mr Mouse (Ken Dodd) and his avian friends who attend his boring history lecture and participate in a Caucus Race. Alice again encounters the White Rabbit, who directs her to his house. Alice finds a bottle of liquid which makes her grow and traps her in the house. The White Rabbit and his gardeners Pat (Jason Byrne) and Bill (Paddy Joyce) attempt to remove Alice but she shrinks to a tiny size. Wandering in long grass, she meets Major Caterpillar (Ben Kingsley), who tells her not to be afraid when performing. After he transforms into many butterflies, Alice returns to normal size by eating part of his mushroom. In a nearby manor house she meets the musical Duchess (Elizabeth Spriggs), her baby, her pepper-obsessed, plate-throwing cook (Sheila Hancock) and the Cheshire Cat (Whoopi Goldberg). The baby is left in Alice's care but turns into a pig and she lets him go. The Cheshire Cat advises Alice to visit the Mad Hatter and his friend the March Hare. Meeting the two and their Dormouse friend at a tea party, Alice is given advice on the fun of performing and how to get around stage fright. The Mad Hatter (Martin Short) leaps onto the table to perform as he", "title": "Alice in Wonderland (1999 film)" }, { "docid": "25588092", "text": "Alice in Wonderland (1931) is an independently made black-and-white Pre-Code American film based on Lewis Carroll's 1865 novel Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, directed by Bud Pollard, produced by Hugo Maienthau, and filmed at Metropolitan Studios in Fort Lee, New Jersey. This was the first sound version of the story, and therefore the first film in which Carroll's original dialogue was heard. The film stars Ruth Gilbert as Alice and Leslie King as the Mad Hatter. The film opened at the Warner Theatre in New York City. The movie begins with a jazzy theme song written by Irving Berlin. Plot Young Alice explores the Wonderland, after falling down a rabbit hole, which soon meeting upon the White Rabbit. Alice explores Wonderland, while orchestra from the 30s plays. The music stops as the girl goes into the Duchess's House. The Duchess fights with the Cook. The Duchess greets Alice inside, and welcomes her. Alice watches a baby with the Duchess, until it turns into a pig. Alice asks the Duchess things that are none of her business. Alice screams in horror, as the Duchess tries to chop her head off. When she leaves, she meets a Cheshire Cat, who leaves his grin, behind instead. Alice meets a Mad Hatter and a March Hare at a tea party, they ask her “Why is a raven like a writing desk”, she misunderstands to answer, and leaves the tea party. Alice meets the Caterpillar, which is annoyed, and the Mock Turtle. Alice meets the Queen of Hearts, Alice finds out, that the Mad Hatter fainted. She cries sadly. The Queen of Hearts tries to chop that head, nearly. The camera zooms in on Alice, and loses her head, Alice wakes up and goes inside for tea. Cast Ruth Gilbert as Alice Leslie T. King as Mad Hatter Ralph Hertz as White Rabbit Vie Quinn as Queen of Hearts N.R. Cregan as King of Hearts Pat Glasgow as Knave of Hearts Mabel Wright as Duchess Lillian Ardell as Cook Tom Corliss as Cheshire Cat Meyer Beresen as March Hare Raymond Schultz as Dormouse Charles Silvern as Gryphan Gus Alexander as Mock Turtle Jimmy Rosen as Caterpillar Background This low-budget film was made in 1931 at the Metropolitan Studios in Fort Lee, New Jersey. The film's release came out one year before the centenary of the birth of Lewis Carroll, an event which was causing a wave of 'Alice' fever on both sides of the Atlantic. In the United States, a number of 'Alice in Wonderland' plays, films, songs and puppet shows in the early 1930s attempted to cash in on this Carroll and 'Alice' fever. For example, in the Betty Boop cartoon Betty in Blunderland Betty went to Wonderland, as did Eva Le Gallienne in a 1932 Broadway adaptation that combined Alice in Wonderland with Through the Looking Glass, and which was one of the hits of the year. Meanwhile, Paramount Pictures was preparing a big-budget Alice in Wonderland which starred an unknown, Charlotte Henry, with", "title": "Alice in Wonderland (1931 film)" }, { "docid": "3320268", "text": "Lewis Carroll's books Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865) and Through the Looking-Glass (1871) have been highly popular in their original forms, and have served as the basis for many subsequent works since they were published. They have been adapted directly into other media, their characters and situations have been appropriated into other works, and these elements have been referenced innumerable times as familiar elements of shared culture. Simple references to the two books are too numerous to list; this list of works based on Alice in Wonderland focuses on works based specifically and substantially on Carroll's two books about the character of Alice. Carolyn Sigler has shown that Carroll's two great fantasies inspired dozens of imitations, responses, and parodies during the remainder of the nineteenth century and the first part of the twentieth — so many that Carroll at one point began his own collection of Alice imitations. In 1887, one critic even suggested that Carroll had plagiarized Tom Hood's From Nowhere to the North Pole (1875) when writing Alice — although Hood's work came out ten years after Alice and was one of its many imitations. In 1907, copyright on Alice's Adventures in Wonderland expired in the UK, entering the tale into the public domain. The primary wave of Alice-inspired works slackened after about 1920, though Carroll's influence on other writers has never fully waned. Literature and publications Literary retellings and sequels 1890 – The Nursery \"Alice\" by Lewis Carroll himself, a short version of the story written for little children. 1895 – A New Alice in the Old Wonderland, a novel by Anna M. Richards in which a different Alice, Alice Lee, travels to Wonderland and meets many of the characters of Carroll's books as well as others. (New edition 2009, ) c1897 – Gladys in Grammarland, a parody by Audrey Mayhew Allen illustrated by Henry Clarence Pitz in which a recalcitrant schoolgirl meets many grammar Imps which help to educate her. (New edition 2010, ) 1902 – The Westminster Alice, a parody by \"Saki\" illustrated by Francis Carruthers Gould critical of the Second Boer War in which Alice meets many British politicians of the time. (New edition 2010, ) 1902 – Clara in Blunderland, a parody by \"Caroline Lewis\" critical of the Second Boer War in which Clara represents Leader of the House of Commons Arthur Balfour. (New edition 2010, ) 1903 – Lost in Blunderland, a sequel to Clara in Blunderland criticizing Arthur Balfour after he was made Prime Minister. (New edition 2010, ) 1904 – John Bull's Adventures in the Fiscal Wonderland, a parody by Charles Geake and Francis Carruthers Gould critical of British economic policies of the time, in which the part of Alice is played by John Bull. (New edition 2010, ) 1907 – Alice in Blunderland: An Iridescent Dream, a parody by American humourist John Kendrick Bangs making fun of big business and big government. (New edition 2010, ) 1917 - New Adventures of Alice by artist John Rae, in which a", "title": "Works based on Alice in Wonderland" }, { "docid": "63039126", "text": "Alice's Adventures Under Ground is a 2016 one-act opera by Gerald Barry to his own libretto, based on Lewis Carroll's 1865 children's book Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (the original manuscript of which had the title of Alice's Adventures Under Ground) and its 1871 sequel Alice Through the Looking-Glass. First performed in a concert staging at the Walt Disney Concert Hall, Los Angeles on 22 November 2016 (a performance repeated with the same cast and conductor, Thomas Adès, at the Barbican Centre in London a few days later), it received its stage premiere at the Royal Opera House on 3 February 2020. The staging was a joint production by the Royal Opera House, Irish National Opera and Dutch National Opera, and was directed by Antony McDonald. The 54 roles in the opera are sung by a cast of seven. Roles Synopsis The following synopsis is in accordance with the Royal Opera House production, 2020. The opera, which is in a single act and lasts for just under an hour, is a sequence of episodes or parts of episodes from both Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and Alice Through the Looking-Glass. It begins with Alice falling through the Rabbit Hole and meeting many of the characters of the first book, including the White Rabbit, the Mad Hatter, the Mock Turtle and the King, Queen and Knave of Hearts. Some of the poetry from the books also features, including \"Jabberwocky\" which is sung in versions in Russian (to the tune of \"It's a Long Way to Tipperary\"), French and German. Moving to Looking Glass Land, Alice moves across the chessboard, meeting among others Humpty Dumpty and Tweedledum and Tweedledee, becoming a queen when she reaches the eighth square. References Notes Sources Royal Opera House (2020a). Programme, Alice's Adventures Under Ground Royal Opera house (2020b). Cast list, Alice's Adventures Under Ground 2016 operas Operas Operas by Gerald Barry Music based on Alice in Wonderland English-language operas Opera world premieres at the Royal Opera House One-act operas", "title": "Alice's Adventures Under Ground (opera)" }, { "docid": "28234073", "text": "This is a list of the minor characters in Lewis Carroll's 1865 novel Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and its 1871 sequel, Through the Looking-Glass. Alice's Adventures in Wonderland Alice's sister Alice's older sister, who reads a book without illustrations or dialogues, sits on the bank with Alice at the beginning of the book. Alice falls asleep with her head in her sister's lap and has the dream about Wonderland. When Alice awakes, she tells her sister about her dream, and the book closes with her sister daydreaming about what Alice will be like as a grown-up. Some believe that she is named Lorina after Alice's real-life sister. Her name was never revealed in Disney's film, but she was named Mathilda in Disney's Alice in Wonderland Jr. She is named Ada in the 1995 Jetlag animated film. In the 2010 film she is married and her name is Margaret. Dinah Dinah is Alice's cat and bosom companion in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There. Alice talks to Dinah, and mentions her frequently to Wonderland residents. When Alice describes Dinah's hunting skills to the animals in the Caucus Race, they become very uncomfortable. Dinah appears in the Disney film, and a descendant of her with the same name belonged to Alice's great-granddaughter that came to Wonderland and lived there in Alice's Wonderland Bakery. The Duchess's Cook The ill-mannered, belligerent and volatile cook works as a servant to the Duchess. The copious amounts of pepper (which alludes to a quick temper) she uses in her soup cause Alice, the Duchess, and her son to sneeze incessantly. Her fury at being disrupted during her cooking is made clear when she throws various pots and pans, aiming to hit both Alice and the baby. She makes another brief appearance as a key witness at the Queen of Hearts's trial, where she claims that the stolen tarts were made with pepper. The Cook appears in the 1999 film played by Sheila Hancock. The Eaglet, the Lory, the Duck, and the Dodo The Eaglet, the Lory, the Duck, and the Dodo are characters appearing in chapters two and three of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. Carroll incorporated references in his works to a group of his friends present on a boating outing on the River Thames which occurred on 4 July 1862. Carroll at the time was relating his newly forming story to the three girls, their family, and some friends. Alice Liddell became Alice; with the others represented by birds in these passages from the book. The Lory character was based on Lorina Charlotte Liddell, Alice's older sister reflecting on the Victorian era that older siblings had more power over the younger sibling. The Eaglet was also another sister, Edith Liddell; and the Duck was a caricature of Rev. Robinson Duckworth. The Dodo referenced Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (Carroll) himself. It began to rain during the outing, and the group left for a nearby house. As they walked, only Alice, Lorina,", "title": "List of minor characters in the Alice series" } ]	[ "1951" ]
train_45950	how many seasons are there for sons of anarchy	[ { "docid": "26980704", "text": "\"Adam Raised a Cain\" is the second track from Bruce Springsteen's fourth album Darkness on the Edge of Town. Composition and lyrics The song is notable for its hard rock sound and lyrics that use biblical images to explain the relationship between a father and son (symbolised as Adam and his son, Cain). Springsteen calls this song \"emotionally autobiographical.\" The bitter but loving relationship between the father and son is similar to Springsteen's with his own father, Douglas. Springsteen once said: \"Our actual relationship was probably more complicated than how I presented it. Those songs were ways that I spoke to my father at the time, because he didn't speak and we didn't talk very much.\" In the 2010 documentary The Promise: The Making of Darkness on the Edge of Town, sound mixer Chuck Plotkin described Springsteen's instructions for how the jarring assault of this song should sound next to the more melodic tunes on Darkness. Springsteen told Plotkin to think of a movie showing two lovers having a picnic, when the scene suddenly cuts to a dead body. This song, the singer explained, is that body. Springsteen and the E Street Band released a longer version of the song on their 1986 live album Live/1975–85. Use in the media The song was used in the film Baby It's You, directed by John Sayles, who would also direct Springsteen's video clips for \"Born in the U.S.A.\", \"I'm on Fire\" and \"Glory Days\". The song was used in Season 7 during the opening scene of episode 13 \"Papa's Goods,\" the series finale of Sons of Anarchy. The creator of Sons of Anarchy Kurt Sutter originally wanted to use the song as a cover in the final episode of Season 3, but there were issues with licensing from Sony and Springsteen did not like the idea of a cover of his song. An agreement was finally reached where the song would be played in its original version for the series finale. Personnel According to authors Philippe Margotin and Jean-Michel Guesdon: Bruce Springsteen – vocals, guitars Roy Bittan – piano Clarence Clemons – percussion, backing vocals Danny Federici – organ Garry Tallent – bass Steven Van Zandt – guitars, backing vocals Max Weinberg – drums The band – backing vocals References 1978 songs Bruce Springsteen songs Song recordings produced by Jon Landau Songs written by Bruce Springsteen Song recordings produced by Bruce Springsteen", "title": "Adam Raised a Cain" }, { "docid": "20726262", "text": "Sons of Anarchy, a television drama series created by Kurt Sutter, premiered on September 3, 2008 on the cable network FX in the United States. The series concluded on December 9, 2014, after 92 episodes broadcast over seven seasons. Sons of Anarchy tells the story of an outlaw motorcycle club based in the fictional small town of Charming, California. The show follows protagonist Jackson \"Jax\" Teller (Charlie Hunnam), son of the deceased founding president John Teller, who begins questioning the club and the direction in which they should be heading. Series overview Episodes Season 1 (2008) Season 2 (2009) Season 3 (2010) Season 4 (2011) Season 5 (2012) Season 6 (2013) Season 7 (2014) Ratings <noinclude> References External links Lists of American drama television series episodes", "title": "List of Sons of Anarchy episodes" }, { "docid": "34642971", "text": "The third season of the American television drama series Sons of Anarchy premiered on September 7, 2010, and concluded on November 30, 2010, after 13 episodes aired on cable network FX. Created by Kurt Sutter, it is about the lives of a close-knit outlaw motorcycle club operating in Charming, a fictional town in California's Central Valley. The show centers on protagonist Jackson \"Jax\" Teller (Charlie Hunnam), the then–vice president of the club, who begins questioning the club and himself in the aftermath of his infant son's abduction. Season three attracted an average of 4.9 million viewers per week, making it FX's highest rated series ever at the time, surpassing FX's other hits The Shield, Nip/Tuck, and Rescue Me. Sons of Anarchy is the story of the Teller-Morrow family of Charming, California, as well as other members of the Sons of Anarchy Motorcycle Club, Redwood Original (SAMCRO), their families, various Charming townspeople, allied and rival gangs, associates, and law agencies that undermine or support SAMCRO's legal and illegal enterprises. In 2018, Universo announced the season 3 premiere of Sons of Anarchy in Español on 29 October 2018. Plot Gemma has been hiding in Rogue River, Oregon with Tig at the home of Gemma's father, Nate (Hal Holbrook), who suffers from dementia. Gemma struggles when she takes Nate to his new assisted living home, and he pleads to be taken back to his house. She returns to Charming to reunite with her grandson, unaware he has been kidnapped. The return of A.T.F. agent Stahl twists the facts about the murder of Donna, Stahl attempts to make a deal with Jax behind the club's back. Father Kellan Ashby's sister, Maureen, contacts Gemma at Ashby's request and tells her Abel is safe in Belfast. Upon learning of her grandson's abduction, Gemma suffers a cardiac arrhythmia and collapses in the Teller-Morrow lot. After the club returns from Northern Ireland and brings home Abel, agent Stahl double crosses Jax and tells the club about the side deal Jax made with her, unaware that Jax and the club had it planned all along knowing Stahl would back out of the deal. Jax, Clay, Bobby, Tig, Juice and Happy are hauled away to jail. While Opie, Chibs, Piney, and the Prospects are all en route following Stahl. Chibs finally gets revenge on Jimmy by killing him and Opie kills Stahl as revenge for the death of his wife, Donna. Cast and characters Main cast Charlie Hunnam as Jackson \"Jax\" Teller Katey Sagal as Gemma Teller Morrow Ron Perlman as Clarence \"Clay\" Morrow Mark Boone Junior as Robert \"Bobby Elvis\" Munson Dayton Callie as Wayne Unser Kim Coates as Alex \"Tig\" Trager Tommy Flanagan as Filip \"Chibs\" Telford Ryan Hurst as Harry \"Opie\" Winston William Lucking as Piermont \"Piney\" Winston Theo Rossi as Juan-Carlos \"Juice\" Ortiz Maggie Siff as Dr. Tara Knowles Special guest cast Paula Malcomson as Maureen Ashby Ally Walker as Agent June Stahl Kenny Johnson as Herman Kozik Mitch Pileggi as Ernest Darby Stephen King as", "title": "Sons of Anarchy season 3" }, { "docid": "32298852", "text": "Battleme is the stage name and band of Lions singer Matt Drenik, an American musician. It was started as a creative outlet to other projects Drenik was involved in during 2009. Early career Battleme first appeared in the season 2 finale of Sons of Anarchy on FX Network with the song, \"Burn This Town.\" It was a departure from the guitar heavy band Lions that Drenik fronted. These spurts of lo-fi acoustic folk produced numerous songs that began to see Drenik breaking away from the heavy psychedelic outfits he had previously played in, one of which \"No Time For Blood\" was featured on NPR's KUT \"Song of the Day.\" Battleme (2012) In the summer of 2010, Drenik relocated to Portland, Oregon to solely focus on the project. He built a studio in the basement of his house and began recording the demos of what would become Battleme's self-titled debut full length. After tracking over 40 songs, the record was narrowed down to 10 and sent out. Thomas Turner of Ghostland Observatory responded and signed Drenik to his Trashy Moped Recordings label. The two began working on the final version of the record in the fall of 2010 with Turner producing. In conjunction to working on the full-length record, Drenik released a quieter solo EP, Big Score, on his own imprint Get Loud. The record consisted of six previously recorded concrete folk numbers. On March 8, 2012, the video for Battleme single \"Touch\" made its premiere on MTV Buzzworthy. That same year, the band also appeared at Music Fest NW (Portland, OR), Capitol Hill Block Party (Seattle, WA), SXSW (Austin, Texas) and Lobster Fest (LA, CA) in 2012. Sons of Anarchy (2010-2015) Several Battleme songs appeared in Sons of Anarchy season 3, including a cover version of Neil Young's \"Hey Hey, My My,\" which has received over 50 million YouTube views and an assortment of remixes by the likes of Stefan Biniak and others. Battleme's collaboration with Bob Thiele (Sons of Anarchy, The Forest Rangers) on songs \"Time\" and \"Lights\" was released on November 19, 2012, on the Sons of Anarchy Volume II soundtrack via Columbia Records. On December 6, 2012, Esquire picked the Battleme / Thiele collaboration \"Lights\" as one of the 10 Best Songs of the Week, stating, \"Because if the Flaming Lips had written an original song for their Dark Side of the Moon live shows, this is what it might've sounded like.\". Drenik began appearing with The Forest Rangers on multiple original cuts for the show. He remained working with them through 7 seasons of the series. Future Runs Magnetic (2014) In the spring of 2013, Drenik left Trashy Moped Recordings and signed with El Camino Media, an LA imprint headed by former EMI VP of Publishing Matt Messer. He went into the studio in April to work on his 2nd full-length album with producer Doug Boehm (Girls, Guided By Voices, Tokyo Police Club). The record was released to positive reviews with American Songwriter stating, \"a timeless", "title": "Battleme" }, { "docid": "33897561", "text": "Family is the self-released third EP by Noah Gundersen. It was recorded by Daniel Mendez (who has previously worked with Lit, Dashboard Confessional, Duran Duran, Heart, and Train) and mastered by Ed Brooks in just under a week in Dallas. It was released on August 6, 2011. The 7-track EP features Noah's sister, Abby Gundersen, who plays violin and sings vocal harmonies on several tracks. Family has been called genre-defying and at times reminiscent of Ryan Adams, Fleet Foxes, Tom Waits, and Neil Young. The EP can be downloaded on Noah Gundersen's Bandcamp page. Noah felt the title of the EP to be fitting as it \"pays homage to the people who have shaped his life.\" \"Family comes in many forms,\" says Noah. \"It lives with us, for better and for worse. It shapes us. That's what this album is about.\" Track listing \"David\" – 3:39 \"Fire\" – 4:47 \"Nashville\" – 3:37 \"San Antonio Fading\" – 4:12 \"Honest Songs\" – 2:58 \"Garden\" – 3:42 \"Family\" – 3:34 Personnel Noah Gundersen – vocals/guitar Abby Gundersen – vocal harmony/violin/string composition Daniel Mendez – production, recording, mixing Ed Brooks – mastering In popular culture The title track, \"Family,\" appears in a season four episode of The Vampire Diaries called \"Stand By Me\". The song is also featured in a season four episode of Sons of Anarchy, entitled \"With An X.\" The song \"David\" also appears in a season four episode of Sons of Anarchy, called \"Burnt and Purged Away.\" The song is also featured in a Season 3 episode of The Following, entitled \"Reunion.\" References External links http://noahgundersen.bandcamp.com/album/family 2011 EPs Noah Gundersen albums", "title": "Family (Noah Gundersen EP)" }, { "docid": "23608374", "text": "The Orlando Anarchy are a women's American football team based in the Orlando metropolitan area. They currently play in the Women's Football Alliance. They play their home games at Lake Howell High School in the city of Winter Park, FL. The team was founded in 2010 as the Central Florida Anarchy, starting play in the first year of the WFA. They filled a void in women's football in Orlando left by the demise of the Independent Women's Football League's Orlando Mayhem. The mission of the Orlando Anarchy is to provide opportunities for female players to participate in professional tackle football in a safe, positive, and fun environment while fostering sportsmanship, teamwork, community, and individual improvement. After many seasons of struggling the Orlando Anarchy became the 2017 WFA Tier III National Conference Champions. The Orlando Anarchy made it to the WFA Bowl Weekend in Pittsburgh, PA in 2017. They were defeated in the Tier III Championship game by the Arkansas Wildcats. After their Championship defeat in 2017 the Orlando Anarchy came back with a fire and desire to not only make it back to the Championship game but to win it. In 2018 the Orlando Anarchy returned in a dominant fashion and ended their regular season with a 7–1 record. In the postseason they remained dominant winning all 3 playoff games and becoming back to back WFA Tier III National Conference Champions on their way to a rematch with the Arkansas Wildcats from the previous year in the 2018 Tier III National Championship. The Orlando Anarchy became the 2018 WFA Tier III National Champions with a dominant showcase on offense and defense to the tune of a 46–0 victory over the Arkansas Wildcats. The 2019 WFA National Championship game kicked off on July 12, 2019, at Colorado School of Mines in Golden, Colorado. Defending D3 National Champions Orlando Anarchy Women's Football Team sought to make it back-to-back titles as they faced D3's top-rated challengers the Nevada Storm. The Orlando Anarchy were unsuccessful; they fell to the Nevada Storm 45 to 62. The Orlando Anarchy's 2023 roster boasted several All-Americans. Season-by-season \|- \| colspan=\"6\" align=\"center\" \| Central Florida Anarchy (WFA) \|- \|2010 \|\| 4 \|\| 4 \|\| 0 \|\| 2nd National South Central \|\| Lost NC Quarterfinal (Jacksonville) \|- \| colspan=\"6\" align=\"center\" \| Orlando Anarchy (WFA) \|- \|2011 \|\| 5 \|\| 3 \|\| 0 \|\| 2nd National South Atlantic \|\| -- \|- \|2012 \|\| 1 \|\| 2 \|\| 0 \|\| 3rd WFA National 9 \|\| -- \|- \|2013 \|\| 0 \|\| 8 \|\| 0 \|\| \|\| -- \|- \|2014 \|\| 1 \|\| 7 \|\| 0 \|\| \|\| -- \|- \|2015 \|\| 0 \|\| 8 \|\| 0 \|\| Season not completed due to injuries \|\| -- \|- \|2016 \|\| 0 \|\| 8 \|\| 0 \|\| \|\| -- \|- \|2017* \|\| 8 \|\| 3 \|\| 0 \|\| 2017 WFA Tier III National Conference Champions \|\| Lost in WBOWL Tier III Championship Game (Arkansas Wildcats) \|- \|2018 \|\| 11 \|\| 1 \|\| 0 \|\| 2018", "title": "Orlando Anarchy" }, { "docid": "59199661", "text": "\"SO\" is the third season premiere of the FX television series Sons of Anarchy. It was written by Kurt Sutter, the original series creator and directed by Stephen Kay. It originally aired in the United States on September 7, 2010. This episode marks the last appearance of Taylor Sheridan (Deputy Chief David Hale), and the first for Paula Malcomson (Maureen Ashby) and James Cosmo (Fr. Kellan Ashby). Plot Jax is distraught in the wake of Abel's disappearance. Hale is moving into the office of the chief, a position that he states will soon be official. His brother, Jacob, apologizes for bringing Zobelle to Charming, and states that he never intended things to escalate as far as they did. Jacob also tells Hale that he is continuing with his campaign to be mayor of Charming, and asks for \"the support of the chief.\" Hale agrees to support his brother. As the Sons go out to look for Cameron, he remains neutral. Jax attempts to break up with Tara because he believes he is ruining her life, but she remains loyal to him and refuses to leave. SAMCRO buries Half-Sack with over 50 full-patch members from California, Washington, Nevada, and Oregon as well as numerous former military colleagues in attendance. A three-piece kutte is draped over his casket during the service, implying that SAMCRO posthumously patched him in. At the wake, Clay tells Jax that he has to be strong to inspire his SAMCRO brothers. Hale keeps vigil over Half-Sack's funeral which is being attended by numerous Sons Of Anarchy members and associates. Jacob meets him there and reiterates his disgust for the gang and the apparent outpouring of support for them. Hale explains that people, including those in Charming, don't like to see SAMCRO vulnerable since it makes everyone uncomfortable. Later into the funeral, an unknown party, later revealed to be the Calaveras MC, commits a drive-by shooting, injuring and killing several attendees. Hale tries to stop them by getting in front of their van and firing at the driver, but is killed when the vehicle runs him over. Jacob and Unser both futilely rush towards his bloodied body as the van speeds off. When a woman's son is shot in the drive-by after the wake, Jax finally loses it and continually bashes the gunman's head into the pavement until his fellow Sons pull him away. Production In an interview, series creator and executive producer, Kurt Sutter, explained that the decision to kill off Hale in the episode was motivated by Sheridan's desire to move on to another project. Reception Some critics felt the third season was dragged down by the previous season's cliffhanger. James Poniewozik of TIME called the season three premiere \"breathtaking\" and praised Sagal’s performance with Holbrook. He later stated that Abel's disappearance helped return the show to its central problem: Jax's allegiance to the club. IGN gave So an 8.5/10.0 rating, stating: \"'So' was a very good episode with a few bad scenes... [and] has the potential", "title": "SO (Sons of Anarchy)" }, { "docid": "25950926", "text": "Gideon Smith and the Dixie Damned is a band based in North Carolina. Gideon Smith began singing with local bands in the Carolina music scene in 1989. In 1997, he formed \"Gideon Smith & The Dixie Damned\" with friends Otis Hughes and Boo Duckworth; who were formerly of the PolyGram Records act, Animal Bag. In 1998 they recorded a self-titled EP which was picked up for distribution by 'Game Two Records'. Small Stone Records signed Smith in 1999 after hearing the disc. In 2000, Smith recorded demos at Sun Studio in Memphis, Tennessee . Southern Gentlemen After some line up changes, Smith recorded the debut album Southern Gentlemen at the Sound Farm in Indian Trail, North Carolina. The album was mixed by Al Sutton (who also worked with notable artists: Kid Rock, Sheryl Crow, Snoop Dogg, and Lynyrd Skynyrd) at the Rustbelt Studios in Detroit. After the initial album release party was held at The Continental Club in New York City, the band went on to perform up and down the east coast. Touring partners included Raging Slab and many others. Drummer Boo Duckworth died from natural causes in his sleep on June 5, 2002. Smith took time off to deal with the death of his friend and bandmate, and later continued to perform and record with revolving line ups. The band's song \"Draggin’ The River\" was featured on an episode of the television series The Sopranos in the episode \"Irregular Around The Margins\" in season five, 2004. \"Draggin' The River' was also featured in the Thrillbillies Doublewide DVD starring Travis Pastrana, Andy Bell, Johnny Knoxville and Ronnie Renner in 2008. In 2010, Classic Rock magazine featured the song \"Whiskey Devil\" on the CD included in its 150th issue \"150 Greatest Debut Albums Of All Time\". Gideon Smith won awards from Creative Loafing for Best Hard Rock artist in 2003 and 2004. Smith performed at the \"Relay For Life\" benefit in Centennial Park in Nashville, Tennessee with guitarist Jason Griscom, and recorded songs at Burns Station Sound on the Muscle Shoals mixing board. South Side of the Moon In 2008 he returned to recording. Small Stone Records released the second full-length album, South Side Of The Moon, which was recorded at Rustbelt Studios in Detroit, Michigan with producer Eric Hoegemyer and Phil Durr. Al Sutton returned to mix the album. Guests include former Big Chief guitarist Phil Durr, Scott Hamilton and Antiseen's Jeff Clayton. The album expanded Gideon Smith's style into a psychedelic and gothic rock vein. It was successful and songs were featured on Nitro Circus and Sons of Anarchy television programs. Despite the long wait between releases, the album brought Smith acclaim and a wider audience. The song \"Black Cat Road\" appeared on the MTV television series Nitro Circus on the episode \"Nitro In The Guinness Book\" Season one, episode 7 and also Sons of Anarchy in Season 2 in the episode 'Fix\" in 2009. The song \"Indian Larry\" was featured on the MTV series Dudesons in America", "title": "Gideon Smith & the Dixie Damned" }, { "docid": "14750552", "text": "Events from the 1150s in England. Incumbents Monarch – Stephen (to 25 October 1154), then Henry II Events 1150 Henry, son of Empress Matilda, becomes Duke of Normandy. The Anarchy: Worcester sacked. 1151 Henry pays homage to Louis VII of France, and cedes Vexin to France. During the troubles of Stephen's reign, King Eystein II of Norway took advantage of a civil war to plunder England's east coast. 1152 18 May – Henry marries Eleanor of Aquitaine, and claims rule over Aquitaine. The Anarchy: King Stephen besieges the last opposition stronghold, at Wallingford. The Anarchy: Roger de Berkeley is dispossessed of Berkeley Castle in Gloucestershire for withholding his allegiance from the Plantagenets and the Lordship of Berkeley is granted to Robert Fitzharding, founder of the Berkeley family which will still hold the castle in the 21st century. 1153 January – The Anarchy: Henry, Count of Anjou, arrives in England in a campaign against King Stephen in favour of his mother Empress Matilda. 17 August – The Anarchy: Following the sudden death of Eustace IV, Count of Boulogne, Stephen's eldest son and heir apparent, at Bury St Edmunds, Theobald of Bec, Archbishop of Canterbury, mediates between Stephen and Henry. 7 November – The Anarchy: Henry and Stephen seal the Treaty of Wallingford in Winchester Cathedral, ending the civil war. 1154 25 October – King Stephen dies and is succeeded by Henry II, the first Plantagenet king of England. 4 December – Pope Adrian IV elected, the only English Pope. 19 December – coronation of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine at Westminster Abbey. Huntingdonshire is declared royal forest. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle completed. Henry of Huntingdon completes his Historia Anglorum. 1155 January – Henry II appoints Thomas Becket as Lord Chancellor. Henry defeats rebellious barons, reclaims many royal castles, and abolishes the Earldoms of York and Hereford. Pope Adrian IV issues the papal bull Laudabiliter giving Henry II lordship over Ireland. Wace's Roman de Brut, an Anglo-Norman language semi-legendary history of Britain in verse, is completed. 1156 5 February – Henry pays homage to Louis VII of France to secure his titles over Normandy, Aquitaine, and Anjou. Henry suppresses a revolt by his brother Geoffrey in Anjou, and grants him the title Count of Nantes in return for securing peace. 1157 May – Henry II demands the return of Northumberland, Cumberland and Westmorland from Malcolm IV of Scotland; in return Malcolm is given the title Earl of Huntingdon. Summer – Henry II launches a campaign for overlordship of Wales. July – Owain Gwynedd submits to Henry and pays homage. Henry II grants special trading privileges to the Hansa merchants of Cologne. 1158 Summer – Henry II leaves for Normandy; he does not return to England until 1163. August – Henry agrees a treaty with Louis VII of France; Henry's son Henry the Young King to marry Louis' daughter Marguerite, in return for control of parts of Vexin. Conan IV, Duke of Brittany pays homage to Henry II. 1159 Henry besieges Toulouse to", "title": "1150s in England" }, { "docid": "1031357", "text": "Harold Perrineau (born August 7, 1963) is an American actor best known for his roles as Link in The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions (both 2003) and Michael Dawson in the ABC television series Lost (2004–2010). He has also starred in the films Smoke (1995), for which he was nominated for the Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Male, The Edge (1997), The Best Man (1999), Woman on Top (2000), and 28 Weeks Later (2007). His other television credits include Sons of Anarchy (2012), Constantine (2014–2015), Claws (2017–2022),The Rookie (2019–2021) and since 2022 as Sheriff Boyd Stevens in the MGM+ television series From. Early life Perrineau was born in Brooklyn, New York City. His parents changed his name to Williams when he was a child, but he later changed it back, after discovering there was already a Harold Williams in the Screen Actors Guild. He attended Shenandoah University and Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater. Career In 1989, Perrineau was cast as the original Tyrone Jackson in the world premiere of the stage adaptation of the 1980 hit movie Fame (now known as Fame: The Musical) at the Walnut Street Theatre, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He took the role of Link in The Matrix series after the original operator Tank was written out of the script when Marcus Chong was fired over monetary disputes. Lost co-star Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje starred with Perrineau on the HBO series Oz. Perrineau played Michael Dawson on ABC's hit show Lost. He was temporarily written off when his character left the island with his son at the end of season two and did not appear in season three. In July 2007, it was announced he would return to the main cast for the show's fourth season. However, the return was short-lived, as the fourth season was his last as a regular cast member. He made one guest appearance in the sixth and final season. Since his debut single \"Stay Strong\" in 2007 Perrineau has been working on his musical career. He actively collaborated with music producer Tomo in der Muhlen, known as DJ Tomo Tom Tom, on his debut album, Seeker. The first single, \"Moving On\", was released October 15, 2011. Perrineau has also done live shows where he performs with a full band: two guitars, bass, drums and keyboards. He performed at Los Angeles club The Mint in April 2010. Perrineau has appeared in MKTO's \"Thank You\" music video and J. Cole's \"She Knows\" music video. Perrineau starred in 30 Days of Night: Dark Days with Rhys Coiro, Mia Kirshner, Kiele Sanchez, Diora Baird and Monique Ganderton. Perrineau appeared in the 2008 music video \"Yes We Can\". Perrineau voiced the title character from Marvel's Blade anime series on G4 in January 2012. He was cast to play the character of Damon Pope, the main antagonist of season 5 of the hit show Sons of Anarchy. Perrineau starred as Stevie, the bass player, in the TBS comedy Wedding Band, which ran from 2012 to 2013. Perrineau starred", "title": "Harold Perrineau" } ]	[ { "docid": "22981577", "text": "Jackson Nathaniel Jax Teller is a fictional character and the protagonist of the FX television series Sons of Anarchy, portrayed by Charlie Hunnam. A member of the titular outlaw motorcycle club, he spends the series as the Vice President and later President of the Sons of Anarchy Motorcycle Club Redwood Original (SAMCRO), charter based in the fictional town of Charming, California. The son of one of the club's founding member John Teller, his conflict between wanting to maintain the longevity of his father's organization by reducing the criminal element and his desire to become a law-abiding family man despite increasing levels of violence forms the central conflict of the series. The character and Hunnam's portrayal have been received positively by critics. Hunnam was twice nominated for the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Actor. The character's evolution into a brutal antihero and even villain has been described as both \"shocking\" and \"brilliant\". His character is based on Hamlet from William Shakespeare's play of the same name. Character Jax Teller was born in 1978 to John and Gemma Teller. He was raised within the world of SAMCRO as his father, a Vietnam veteran, was the founder and President of the club. John Teller died in a road accident on November 13, 1993, with leadership of SAMCRO passing to Clay Morrow who would eventually marry Gemma, becoming Jax's step-father. Jax is a trained mechanic and possesses a GED. Jax is depicted dressing as unconventional compared to traditional bikers, specifically wearing white Nike Air Force 1 sneakers throughout the series. In season seven, retired Charming police chief Wayne Unser describes Jax as, \"formidable, as smart as he is dangerous\". By the series end, Jax's kill count numbered 46. Storyline Season 1 In 2008, Jax serves as SAMCRO's Vice President and works as a mechanic at his family-owned automotive repair shop. Since 1979, SAMCRO has held sway over the town of Charming, a small community in San Joaquin County, California. The club also protects Charming from other criminal elements while working closely with its Chief of Police, Wayne Unser. A convicted felon, Jax previously served time in prison for gunrunning. He is estranged from his pregnant wife Wendy Case; a methamphetamine addict who overdoses and endangers the life of their unborn son Abel, who is born premature. Jax discovers a manuscript by his late father, \"The Life and Death of SAM CROW: How the Son's of Anarchy Lost Their Way\", in which John describes his growing disillusionment with the chaotic and violent life of the club. His mother Gemma, discovers that Jax has read the letters and worries that it will drive him away from the club. Jax renews a relationship with his high-school sweetheart, Tara Knowles, a neonatal surgeon at the local hospital who operates on Abel. The destruction of a gun warehouse brings unwanted attention on SAMCRO from both local and federal law enforcement, specifically the ATF. As Jax attempts to lead SAMCRO into more peaceful resolutions with other competitors and rivals,", "title": "Jax Teller" }, { "docid": "59021355", "text": "The first season of the American television drama series Mayans M.C. premiered on September 4, 2018 and concluded on November 6, 2018, after 10 episodes aired on cable network FX. Mayans M.C. is an American crime drama television series created by Kurt Sutter and Elgin James. The show takes place in the same fictional universe as Sons of Anarchy and deals with the Sons' rivals-turned-allies, the Mayans Motorcycle Club. Plot Mayans M.C. takes place two and a half years after the events of Sons of Anarchy and is set hundreds of miles away, in the fictional California border town of Santo Padre. The series focuses on the struggles of Ezekiel \"EZ\" Reyes, a prospect in the Mayans M.C. charter. EZ is the gifted son of a proud Mexican family, whose American dream was snuffed out by cartel violence. Now, his need for vengeance drives him toward a life he never intended and can never escape. Production Development On May 11, 2016, it was announced that FX had begun formal script development on a spinoff of the television series Sons of Anarchy. The long-rumored offshoot, entitled Mayans M.C., was created by Kurt Sutter and Elgin James, with James writing the pilot script and both executive producing. Production companies announced as being involved with the series included Fox 21 Television Studios and FX Productions. On December 1, 2016, FX officially gave the production a pilot order. It was also announced that Sutter would direct the series' pilot episode. On July 5, 2017, it was announced that the pilot would be undergoing reshoots and Norberto Barba would be replacing Sutter as director of the episode, as Sutter planned to exclusively focus on writing the episode. Additionally, it was reported that various roles would be recast and Barba would also be serving as an executive producer. On January 5, 2018, FX announced at the annual Television Critics Association's winter press tour that the production had been given a series order for a first season consisting of ten episodes. On June 28, 2018, it was reported that the series would premiere on September 4, 2018. On October 1, 2018, it was announced that FX had renewed the series for a second season. Casting In February 2017, it was announced that Edward James Olmos, John Ortiz, J. D. Pardo, and Antonio Jaramillo had been cast in lead roles in the pilot. In March 2017, it was reported that Richard Cabral, Sarah Bolger, Jacqueline Obradors, and Andrea Londo had also been cast. In October 2017, it was announced that Michael Irby and Raoul Trujillo had been cast in series regular roles. In November 2016, it was reported that Emilio Rivera would be reprising his role of Marcus Álvarez from Sons of Anarchy in the series. On April 25, 2017, it was announced that Carla Baratta would be replacing Andrea Londo in the role of Adelita. Additionally, it was reported that Maurice Compte had been cast in a potentially recurring role. On May 1, 2017, it was reported", "title": "Mayans M.C. season 1" }, { "docid": "19475385", "text": "John Theodore Rossi (born June 4, 1975) is an American actor and producer. He portrayed Juan Carlos \"Juice\" Ortiz on the FX series Sons of Anarchy (2008–2014) and Hernan \"Shades\" Alvarez in Luke Cage (2016–2018). His film roles include Tino Hull in Red Sands (2009), Todd in Bad Hurt (2015), Francisco \"Ghost\" Alvarez in Lowriders (2017), Deuce in Vault (2019), and Youcef in Emily the Criminal (2022), the latter of which earned him an Independent Spirit Award nomination. Early life Rossi was born in Staten Island, New York City. He is of Italian, Spanish, Lebanese & Syrian descent. Growing up, he loved to ride dirt bikes. He has openly admitted to dealing drugs for years before moving to California. He studied acting at the Lee Strasberg Theatre Institute in New York, where he appeared in several theatre productions. Career Rossi played Juan Carlos \"Juice\" Ortiz on the FX series Sons of Anarchy. His production company, Dos Dudes Pictures, produced its first feature film in 2014, Bad Hurt, Rossi acting alongside Karen Allen and Michael Harney. Rossi has appeared in television shows such as Law & Order: Special Victims Unit, Hawaii Five-O, Las Vegas, The Unit, Jericho, Bones, Without a Trace, Veronica Mars, NYPD Blue, CSI: Miami, Lie to Me and Lost. He has had recurring roles on Heist, American Dreams, and Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles. His film credits include Cloverfield, Code Breakers, House of the Dead 2: Dead Aim, Red Sands, The Informers, Kill Theory, Fencewalker and Meth Head. He played Hernan \"Shades\" Alvarez in Luke Cage from 2016 until 2018. In 2019, Rossi joined the Advisory Board of the Harlem Film House, which presents the Hip Hop Film Festival, an annual event that focuses on filmmakers from the global culture of hip hop, and promotes financial sustainability for independent filmmakers from marginalized communities. Philanthropy Rossi gets involved with the men and women of the military, with fellow Sons of Anarchy actors Kim Coates, Dayton Callie and Ron Perlman. An Ambassador to the Boot Campaign, Rossi works with multiple organizations that raise money for wounded soldiers and those returning with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Throughout the off-season, Rossi has often traveled to different bases to visit US military personnel. He has helped to organize the yearly Boot Ride event that benefits the Boot Campaign, giving fans a chance to spend a day riding with the Sons of Anarchy cast while raising money for U.S. military veterans. Shortly after Hurricane Sandy hit Staten Island, Rossi, with friends and family, founded Staten Strong, a program administered by the Boot Campaign. Staten Strong rebuilt three homes for Hurricane Sandy victims on Staten Island. He supports animal welfare and launched a campaign with The Humane Society of the United States to protect street dogs. He appeared in a PETA ad promoting pet adoption. Personal life Rossi resides in Austin, Texas. He consumes a \"mostly plant-based diet\" and occasionally consumes eggs. He is married to Meghan McDermott. The couple's first child was born in", "title": "Theo Rossi" }, { "docid": "34642983", "text": "The fifth season of the American television drama series Sons of Anarchy premiered on September 11, 2012, and concluded on December 4, 2012, after 13 episodes aired on cable network FX. Created by Kurt Sutter, it is about the lives of a close-knit outlaw motorcycle club operating in Charming, a fictional town in California's Central Valley. The show centers on protagonist Jackson \"Jax\" Teller (Charlie Hunnam), the president of the club, who begins questioning the club and himself after the deaths of several SAMCRO members at the hand of former club president, Clay Morrow (Ron Perlman). The premiere (\"Sovereign\"), directed by series executive producer and principal director Paris Barclay and written by series creator and executive producer Kurt Sutter, was one of the highest-rated telecasts in FX's history. Sons of Anarchy is the story of the Teller-Morrow family of Charming, California, as well as other members of the Sons of Anarchy Motorcycle Club, Redwood Original (SAMCRO), their families, various Charming townspeople, allied and rival gangs, associates, and law agencies that undermine or support SAMCRO's legal and illegal enterprises. Plot In retaliation for the death of Veronica Pope (Laroy's girlfriend, who was also the daughter of powerful Oakland kingpin Damon Pope), the Niners attack SAMCRO and ambush a cargo shipment. With the death of Piney Winston and the growing conflict between the Niners and SAMCRO, along with several home invasions targeting people linked to the Club, Jax is forced to meet with Damon Pope, to face a new threat unlike anything SAMCRO has ever faced. Cast and characters Sons of Anarchy is the story of the Teller-Morrow family of Charming, California, as well as the other members of Sons of Anarchy Motorcycle Club, Redwood Original (SAMCRO), their families, various Charming townspeople, allied and rival gangs, associates, and law agencies that undermine or support SAMCRO's legal and illegal enterprises. Main cast Charlie Hunnam as Jackson \"Jax\" Teller Katey Sagal as Gemma Teller Morrow Mark Boone Junior as Robert \"Bobby Elvis\" Munson Dayton Callie as Wayne Unser Kim Coates as Alex \"Tig\" Trager Tommy Flanagan as Filip \"Chibs\" Telford Ryan Hurst as Harry \"Opie\" Winston Theo Rossi as Juan-Carlos \"Juice\" Ortiz Maggie Siff as Tara Knowles-Teller Ron Perlman as Clarence \"Clay\" Morrow Special guest cast Jimmy Smits as Nero Padilla Rockmond Dunbar as Lieutenant Eli Roosevelt Harold Perrineau as Damon Pope Benito Martinez as Luis Torres Danny Trejo as Romero \"Romeo\" Parada Drea de Matteo as Wendy Case Donal Logue as Lee Toric Walton Goggins as Venus Van Dam Sonny Barger as Lenny \"The Pimp\" Janowitz Recurring cast David LaBrava as Happy Lowman Christopher Douglas Reed as Philip \"Filthy Phil\" Russell Chuck Zito as Frankie Diamonds Michael Marisi Ornstein as Chuck Marstein Winter Ave Zoli as Lyla Winston Chris Browning as GoGo Kurt Yaeger as Greg \"The Peg\" Wanda De Jesus as Carla Niko Nicotera as George \"Rat Boy\" Skogstorm Billy Brown as August Marks Reynaldo Gallegos as Fiasco McNally Sagal as Margaret Murphy Kurt Sutter as \"Big\" Otto Delaney Robin Weigert as", "title": "Sons of Anarchy season 5" }, { "docid": "37707411", "text": "Sons of Anarchy: Songs of Anarchy Vol. 2 is a soundtrack album featuring music from the FX television program Sons of Anarchy, and is a follow-up to the 2011 release Songs of Anarchy: Music from Sons of Anarchy Seasons 1–4 and several earlier EPs from the popular show. Songs include covers of \"Sympathy for the Devil,\" \"Higher Ground,\" and \"Travelin' Band,\" as well as several original tracks. Performers include Jane's Addiction, with most tracks performed by longtime SOA contributors The Forest Rangers. The Forest Rangers serve as the Sons Of Anarchy house band, which includes the show's music composer Bob Thiele Jr, Greg Leisz (guitar/banjo), John Philip Shenale (keyboards), Lyle Workman (guitar), Dave Way (recording Engineer and Sergeant at Arms), Davey Faragher (bass), Brian Macleod (drums) and Velvet Revolver guitarist Dave Kushner. Track listing Personnel The album's credits and personnel can be obtained from Allmusic. The Forest Rangers Bob Thiele Jr. — guitar, acoustic guitar, bass, piano, organ, keyboard, synthesizer, vocal harmonies Greg Leisz — guitar, banjo, lap steel guitar, mandolin John Philip Shenale — organ, piano, Mexican harp Lyle Workman — vocals, guitar Dave Kushner — guitar, bass Davey Faragher — bass Brian Macleod — drums, hand drums Additional musicians Katey Sagal — vocals, backing vocals Curtis Stigers — vocals Audra Mae — vocals Franky Perez — vocals Paul Brady — vocals Alison Mosshart — vocals Production personnel Bob Thiele Jr. — producer, arranger Kurt Sutter — producer, arranger Dave Kushner — producer Matt Hyde — producer, engineer, mixer Matt Drenik — producer, engineer, mixer Jason Buntz — engineer Brian Scheuble — engineer, mixer Dave Way — engineer, mixer Ed Cherney — mixer Dave Warren — cover art, design References 2011 albums Columbia Records albums Sons of Anarchy Television soundtracks", "title": "Sons of Anarchy: Songs of Anarchy Vol. 2" }, { "docid": "70592183", "text": "The fourth season of Mayans M.C., an American crime drama, premiered on FX, on April 19, 2022, and concluded on June 14, 2022; it consisted of ten episodes and aired on Tuesdays in the United States. The series was created by Kurt Sutter and Elgin James, takes place in the same fictional universe as Sons of Anarchy, and focuses on a rival motorcycle club. Production In May 2021, the series was renewed for a fourth season, which premiered on April 19, 2022. The season is distributed by Disney-ABC Domestic Television. Cast and characters Main J. D. Pardo as Ezekiel \"EZ\" Reyes, a full patch for the Mayans, Santo Padre charter and brother to club member Angel Reyes. He gets promoted to Vice-President and ends the season as President. Clayton Cardenas as Angel Reyes, EZ's brother and Él Secretario of Mayans M.C., Santo Padre Charter. Sarah Bolger as Emily Thomas, childhood sweetheart of EZ, who is now married to Miguel Galindo, and the mother of their infant son. She has abandoned Miguel after he tried to kill her. Michael Irby as Obispo \"Bishop\" Losa, president of Mayans M.C.'s Santo Padre Charter. He gets demoted to Vice-President after the gun battle in the season premiere, but Alvarez demotes him later in “Self Portrait in a Blue Bathroom”. Carla Baratta as Adelita, who as a child, watched her family die at the hands of the Galindo cartel. She has a son with Angel Reyes. Richard Cabral as Johnny \"El Coco\" Cruz, a full patch member of Mayans M.C. who got voted out due to his drug habits in Season 3, but was given another chance and put on probation. Raoul Trujillo as Che \"Taza\" Romero, Vice Presidente of Mayans M.C., Santo Padre Charter, but lost his seat during the four month time jump between the first and second episodes. Danny Pino as Miguel Galindo, the son of Galindo Cartel founder Jose Galindo. Edward James Olmos as Felipe Reyes, the once-strong Mexican patriarch and Angel and EZ's father. Emilio Rivera as Marcus Álvarez, former Consejero to Miguel Galindo, former president of the Mayans M.C. Oakland Charter and national president of the Mayans M.C., cousin of Obispo \"Bishop\" Losa Frankie Loyal as Hank \"El Tranq\" Loza, a former bare-knuckle brawler and El Pacificador (Sgt-at-Arms) of the Mayans M.C., Santo Padre Charter. Joseph Lucero as Neron \"Creeper\" Vargas, an ex-junkie from Los Angeles and Capitan Del Camino (Road Captain) of the Mayans M.C., Santo Padre Charter. Vincent Vargas as Gilberto \"Gilly\" Lopez, a former U.S. Army Ranger and a good-natured mixed martial arts (MMA) fighter and a full patch member of the Mayans M.C., Santo Padre Charter. He gets put on probation due to being missing - he was rescuing Coco - when the Mayan Civil War happened. Special guests Manny Montana as Manny, a full patch member of the Mayans M.C., Yuma Charter who befriends EZ. Kim Coates as Alex \"Tig\" Trager, Vice President of SAMCRO, reprising his role from Sons of Anarchy Recurring Gino", "title": "Mayans M.C. season 4" }, { "docid": "34532466", "text": "Cultural depictions of the Anarchy, a long-running civil war in England between 1135 and 1153, has furnished the background of some major fictional portrayals. These include: Charles Macfarlane's novel A Legend of Reading Abbey (1845) is an early novel about the conflict. George Shipway's novel Knight in Anarchy (1969) centres on a knight sworn to Geoffrey de Mandeville as he tries to gain power in the Anarchy. Cecelia Holland's The Earl, also published as Hammer for Princes (1971), gives a vivid description of the last year of the struggle, Prince Henry's invasion of England and his eventual recognition as King Stephen's heir. Graham Shelby's 1972 novel The Oath and the Sword (aka The Villains of the Piece), focuses on Empress Matilda's faithful supporter Brien FitzCount, Lord of Wallingford, through the years of the Anarchy. Jean Plaidy's Passionate Enemies (c. 1976) from her multi-volume treatment of the British monarchy, captures the mood of the period and the personalities of Matilda and Stephen. Ellis Peters set her series of Brother Cadfael books (published 1977–1994) against the background of the Anarchy. Diana Norman's novel Morning Gift (published in 1985) follows the trials of a Norman noblewoman as she struggles to keep safe her lands, her young son, and her people during the period of the Anarchy. Ken Follett's novel The Pillars of the Earth (published in 1989) is set during this time, and was adapted to an eight-part TV miniseries debuting in the U.S. on Starz and Canada on The Movie Network/Movie Central on July 23, 2010. It premiered in the UK on Channel 4, October 16, 2010, and on CBC Television January 8, 2011. The book's plot is less concerned with the war as such, and more with how the weakening of Royal authority gave a free hand to various aristocrats, such as the book's particularly rapacious Earl. Sharon Kay Penman's 750-page novel When Christ and His Saints Slept (published in 1995) gives a comprehensive and informative view of the entire power struggle. Elizabeth Chadwick's A Place Beyond Courage (published 2008, Sphere) is set during the Anarchy, focusing on the life of John FitzGilbert the Marshal. Her most recent novel The Lady of the English focuses on Matilda and on Henry's young wife Adeliza. The Anarchy is the inspiration for the fictional civil war called ‘the Dance of the Dragons’ between Queen Rhaenyra I Targaryen and her half-brother King Aegon II Targaryen, depicted in George R. R. Martin's novella The Princess and the Queen (published 2013 in the anthology Dangerous Women) and fictional history book Fire and Blood. It is set in the same universe as his fantasy novel series A Song of Ice and Fire. The Dance was adapted into the HBO series House of the Dragon (2022). The Anarchy is depicted in the 2011 Elizabeth Chadwick novel about Empress Matilda, Lady of the English. The Anarchy is the background for the historical novel Winter Siege (2014) by Ariana Franklin and Samantha Norman. References The Anarchy England in fiction Fiction set", "title": "Cultural depictions of the Anarchy" }, { "docid": "59224166", "text": "\"NS\" is the thirteenth and final episode of the third season of the FX television series Sons of Anarchy. It was written and directed by Kurt Sutter, the original series creator and co-written by Dave Erickson. It originally aired in the United States on November 30, 2010. This episode marks the last appearance of Ally Walker (Agent June Stahl), Paula Malcomson (Maureen Ashby) and Titus Welliver as (James 'Jimmy' O'Phelan) Plot Tara has become more involved with the club. She drives Jimmy O back to the garage in the trunk after SAMCRO buys him from the Russians. Jax makes sure that she wears a bulletproof vest to ensure her safety in case something goes wrong. When Stahl tells the club about the deal Jax made with her, which was actually a trap by the club to kill Stahl and Jimmy, she runs and hugs him distraught and fearing that the club will kill him in prison. With the help of Unser, Chibs Telford kills Jimmy O'Phelan in retribution for stealing his wife and daughter many years ago, before Opie forces a terrified Stahl in the front seat of the cop car. During this confrontation Stahl breaks down crying and begs Opie for her life, to which Opie responds, \"This is what she felt.\" He then shoots Stahl in the back of the head with a MAC-10, instantly killing her, to avenge the death of his wife Donna. After this, Chibs rigs the scene to look as if the real IRA murdered Stahl and Jimmy. Tara reads letters from John Teller to his mistress Maureen Ashby, implying that Gemma and Clay would be responsible for his death should it happen. The rest of SAMCRO, enroute to prison, celebrate their victory over Jimmy and Stahl. Reception IGN voted Agent Stahl's death #10 in their list of the biggest deaths, They said: \"The ending of Season 3 was one of the more gratifying twists the show ever had. Things seemed bleak when Agent Stahl informed the club that Jax had made a deal and ratted them out. But what she didn’t know was that it was all a setup, one that ended with her dead as Opie got his revenge for her setting him up and getting his wife killed. The season ended on an unexpectedly up note as Clay and Jax smiled and the rest of the guys in the prison van shared a laugh. Sure they were on their way to prison, but Jax wasn’t a rat and Stahl was out of the picture for good.\" Zach Handler of The A.V. Club gave \"NS\" an A− rating, stating; \"What worked the best about 'NS' and what allows me to be optimistic about next season's potential, even while having largely mixed feelings on this season overall, is the ending. The episode doesn't manage to make all the IRA stuff feel organic, and Hal Holbrook doesn't pop back in to remind us about that basically innocent housekeeper that got murdered a while back,", "title": "NS (Sons of Anarchy)" }, { "docid": "39509487", "text": "Ciné 12 is a television channel, owned by the Mauritius Broadcasting Corporation, the national state broadcaster. Ciné 12 broadcasts French and English TV shows and films. Programming Fringe Desperate Housewives Painkiller Jane La Maison d'à Côté Sacrifice De Femme Un Palace Pour Deux Downton Abbey Bones L'Heure de La Peur Sons of Anarchy Alphas US Marshals : Protection de témoins Former programming Pobre Diabla Psych Gossip Girl Half and Half Ugly Betty The Wizards of Waverly Place Everybody Hates Chris Knight Rider Terra Nova Glee Un Palace Pour Deux Homeland season 3 Against the Wall Fringe season 4 Scandal 2 The Good Wife season 4 Hawaii 5-0 season 4 Nikita Rosario Bones season 9 Grimm Salvation Sanctuary The Blacklist The Mentalist Chicago Med White Collar Dexter Sons of Anarchy The Secret Circle Revenge The Magicians Being Human CSI: Miami Counterpart Supernatural Charmed The Vampire Diaries See also Kids Channel (Mauritian TV channel) MBC 1 (Mauritian TV channel) MBC 2 (Mauritian TV channel) Television channels in Mauritius Mauritius Broadcasting Corporation", "title": "Ciné 12" }, { "docid": "62030384", "text": "\"Papa's Goods\" is the thirteenth and final episode of the seventh season of Sons of Anarchy. Written and directed by series creator Kurt Sutter, it first aired on December 9, 2014 in the United States on FX and served as the series finale. Plot Jax is excommunicated from the M.C. by choice after killing Jury White and ties up loose ends by killing August Marks and Charles Barosky. Chibs then becomes President of SAMCRO and the club votes for Jax to meet \"Mr. Mayhem\" (execution), but allow him to leave by staging an escape. Jax leads law enforcement on a massive chase on his father’s bike on the interstate. Closing his eyes with a smile, and bracing himself for death, Jax collides with a semi-truck head on, dying in exactly same way and place as his father before him. Reception The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reports an 88% approval rating with an average rating of 8.90/10, based on 17 reviews. The site's critical consensus reads: \"A long, winding, and turbulent journey, similar to Sons of Anarchy itself, 'Papa's Goods' is a fitting end to Sutter's uncompromising vision of Jax and the SAMCRO gang.\" In a review by Diana Steenbergen for IGN, the series finale received a 9.5\|10 rating; stating \"Sons of Anarchy went out on a high note, managing to tie up the loose ends of the story in typically bloody fashion, while also delivering an emotionally charged goodbye to the characters. Jax attained a measure of redemption as he paid for his actions in a way that left his family – both his kids and the members of SAMCRO – with hope for a better life in the future. What more could you ask for?\" Dalton Ross of Entertainment Weekly said of the episode: \"The finale was a fitting and unpredictable final chapter to a season in which creator Kurt Sutter dared us to continue rooting for the main protagonist, even as that protagonist did terrible things.\" Christine Orlando of TV Fanatic said about the conclusion of the series: \"When I finally saw an episode, I wouldn't dare miss another. At times horrifying, often gut wrenching but always entertaining, Sons of Anarchy will be missed.\" Meanwhile Leigh Kolb of Vulture said; \"'Papa's Goods' -- at almost two hours -- is a powerful end to seven seasons of revenge, lust, mayhem, glimmers of humor, and, perhaps most important, humanity\". References Sons of Anarchy episodes 2010s American television series finales 2014 American television episodes", "title": "Papa's Goods" }, { "docid": "19256075", "text": "Maggie Siff (born June 21, 1974) is an American actress. Her most notable television roles have included department store heiress Rachel Menken Katz on the AMC drama Mad Men, Dr. Tara Knowles on the FX drama Sons of Anarchy for which she was twice nominated for the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Drama Series, and psychiatrist Wendy Rhoades on the Showtime series Billions. She has also had roles in the films Push (2009) as Teresa Stowe, and Leaves of Grass (2010) as Rabbi Renannah Zimmerman. She starred in indie film A Woman, a Part (2016) and had a minor role in the drama film One Percent More Humid (2017). She is the television spokesperson for the robo-advisor service Betterment. Early life and education Siff is an alumna of The Bronx High School of Science and of Bryn Mawr College, where she majored in English and graduated in 1996. She later completed an M.F.A. in acting at New York University's Tisch School of the Arts. Shortly after graduating, Siff also worked as a temp at a hedge fund, an experience she drew on for her role in Billions. Siff worked extensively in regional theater before acting in television. She won a Barrymore Award for Excellence in Theater in 1998 for her work in Henrik Ibsen's Ghosts at Lantern Theater Company. Born to a father of Ashkenazi Jewish descent who was also a stage actor, Siff has stated that she feels “culturally Jewish because of how and where I grew up.\" Career Siff started appearing in television series in 2004. She appeared as an Alcoholics Anonymous speaker during an episode of Rescue Me in Season 2. She also had roles on Law & Order: Special Victims Unit, Grey's Anatomy, and Law & Order. She played Rachel Menken Katz on the series Mad Men from 2007 to 2008, which earned her a nomination, along with the rest of the cast, for a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series. She also appeared in a small role as a burn victim on Nip/Tuck during that time, before being cast as Dr. Tara Knowles on Sons of Anarchy in 2008. She has appeared in such films as Then She Found Me (2007) as Lily, Push as a psychic surgeon (called a Stitch) named Teresa Stowe, sent to help Nick (played by Chris Evans), Funny People (2009) as Rachel, Leaves of Grass (2010) as Rabbi Renannah Zimmerman, and Concussion (2013) as Sam Bennet. She appears in the 2016 Showtime series Billions. She starred in an independent indie film called A Woman, A Part (2016) as well as One Percent More Humid (2017). In 2017, she narrated the audio book Gwendy's Button Box by Stephen King and Richard Chizmar. Starting in 2018, she has been serving as the television spokesperson for Betterment, an online investment service. In 2020, Siff provided the voice for the titular subject of \"Polly Platt: The Invisible Woman\", over the course", "title": "Maggie Siff" }, { "docid": "14768217", "text": "Events from the 1140s in England. Incumbents Monarch – Stephen (to 8 April 1141), Matilda (8 April to 1 November 1141), then Stephen Events 1140 December – The Anarchy: Earl Ranulf of Chester captures Lincoln. Dryburgh Abbey founded. 1141 2 February – The Anarchy: At the First Battle of Lincoln, Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester and Empress Matilda wrest control of the throne from King Stephen, who is captured and imprisoned. 8 April – The Anarchy: Matilda is proclaimed \"Lady of the English\". 24 June – The Anarchy: Matilda is forced to flee Westminster during a royal banquet, and flees to Oxford. July – The Anarchy: Matilda I of Boulogne, wife of Stephen, recaptures London. 14 September – The Anarchy: Rout of Winchester: Robert of Gloucester captured by forces loyal to Stephen during fighting at Winchester. 1 November – The Anarchy: Stephen and Robert exchanged as prisoners ending the reign of Matilda. 1142 Matilda grants the church of Oakley, Buckinghamshire, with its chapels of Brill, Boarstall and Addingrove, to the monks of the Priory of St Frideswide, Oxford. Matilda's son Henry comes to England for the first time. In 1142, a group of Anglo-Norman independent crusaders led by William and Ralph Vitalus helped King Afonso I Henriques of Portugal on a failed Siege of Lisbon (1142) before continuing on their way to the Holy Land. 26 September – The Anarchy: Stephen captures Oxford, and besieges Matilda inside the castle. December – The Anarchy: Matilda escapes from Oxford Castle across the snow in a white cape for camouflage, according to Henry of Huntingdon. 1143 1 July – The Anarchy: Battle of Wilton – Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester, defeats Stephen at Wilton. The Anarchy: Geoffrey de Mandeville, a supporter of Matilda, is deprived of his castles in Essex, but subsequently captures Ely and campaigns in Cambridgeshire. Robert of Ketton makes the first European translation of the Qur'an into Latin. 1144 11 February – Robert of Chester completes the translation of Book on the Composition of Alchemy from Arabic to Latin. It is the first book in Europe to describe alchemy. 22 March – A young apprentice, William of Norwich, is murdered, a crime attributed to the Jews by the Norwich mob, the first known medieval accusation of blood libel against Jews. 28 November–24 December – the Siege of Edessa by Muslims led by Imad ad-Din Zengi eliminates the Crusader principality of Outremer, the news causing the pope to preach a new Crusade. Matilda's husband Geoffrey V of Anjou, completes the conquest of Normandy. 1145 The Anarchy: Stephen captures Faringdon Castle. Woburn Abbey founded. Robert of Chester makes the first translation of an algebra text from Arabic into Latin. 1146 The Anarchy: Ranulf of Chester is captured, but released after surrendering his castles. Many knights and barons leave England to take part in the Second Crusade. 1147 The Anarchy: Henry arrives in England to fight for Matilda, but is defeated in skirmishes, and returns to Normandy. The Anarchy: Ranulf of Chester lays", "title": "1140s in England" }, { "docid": "61574345", "text": "The second season of Mayans M.C., an American crime drama created by Kurt Sutter and Elgin James, premiered on FX on September 3, 2019 and concluded on November 5, 2019. The second season consisted of ten episodes and aired on Tuesdays in the United States on FX. Production In October 2018, it was announced that FX had renewed the series for a second season. In August 2019, series co-creator and executive producer Kurt Sutter announced that he would leave the series if it was renewed for a third season. Sutter said: \"It's time for the white man to leave the building.\" In October 2019, Sutter was removed from his position as co-showrunner on Mayans M.C. while its second season was still airing. Sutter believes that his jokes about Disney after the Disney-Fox merger is what led to his dismissal. Casting Series co-creator Kurt Sutter had expressed interest in bringing in more characters from Mayans predecessor Sons of Anarchy. Cast and characters Main J. D. Pardo as Ezekiel \"EZ\" Reyes, prospect for the Mayans and brother to Angel Reyes. Clayton Cardenas as Angel Reyes, EZ's brother and Él Secretario of Mayans M.C., Santo Padre Charter Sarah Bolger as Emily Thomas, childhood sweetheart of EZ, who is now married to Miguel Galindo, and the mother of their infant son. Michael Irby as Obispo \"Bishop\" Losa, president of Mayans M.C.'s Santo Padre Charter. Carla Baratta as Adelita, who as a child, watched her family die at the hands of the Galindo cartel. Richard Cabral as Johnny \"El Coco\" Cruz, a full patch member of Mayans M.C. Raoul Trujillo as Che \"Taza\" Romero, Vice Presidente of Mayans M.C., Santo Padre Charter. Antonio Jaramillo as Michael \"Riz\" Ariza, a full patch member of Mayans M.C. Danny Pino as Miguel Galindo, the son of Galindo Cartel founder Jose Galindo. Edward James Olmos as Felipe Reyes, the once-strong Mexican patriarch and Angel and EZ's father. Emilio Rivera as Marcus Álvarez, Consejero to Miguel Galindo, former president of the Mayans M.C. Oakland Charter and national president of the Mayans M.C., cousin of Obispo \"Bishop\" Losa Special guests David Labrava as Happy Lowman, SAMCRO Sergeant-at-Arms, who is responsible for the death of EZ and Angel's mother. Robert Patrick as Les Packer, SAMDINO President. Tommy Flanagan as Filip \"Chibs\" Telford, SAMCRO President. Jacob Vargas as Allesandro Montez, the SAMCRO Road Captain. Rusty Coones as Rane Quinn, member of SAMCRO. Recurring Vincent Vargas as Gilberto \"Gilly\" Lopez, a good-natured MMA fighter who rides for the Santo Padre Chapter of the Mayans M.C. Ray McKinnon as Lincoln Potter, reprising his role from Sons of Anarchy. Ada Maris as Dita Galindo, Miguel's mother and Jose Galindo's widow. Gino Vento as Nestor Oceteva, Miguel's chief of security. Edwin Hodge as Officer Franky Rogan. Michael Ornstein as Chuck \"Chucky\" Marstein, reprising his role from Sons of Anarchy. Frankie Loyal Delgado as Hank \"El Tranq\" Loza, Sergeant-at-Arms / El Pacificador of the Mayans M.C. Efrat Dor as Katrina, Lincoln's assistant Ivo Nandi as Oscar \"El Oso\"", "title": "Mayans M.C. season 2" }, { "docid": "41563719", "text": "The seventh and final season of the American television drama series Sons of Anarchy premiered on September 9, 2014, and concluded on December 9, 2014, after 13 episodes aired on cable network FX. Created by Kurt Sutter, it is about the lives of a close-knit outlaw motorcycle club operating in Charming, a fictional town in California's Central Valley. The show centers on protagonist Jackson \"Jax\" Teller (Charlie Hunnam), the President of the club, who begins questioning the club and himself after reading his father’s journal about how Samcro dies, (his father the original founder of SOA) is murdered. Sons of Anarchy is the story of the Teller-Morrow family of Charming, California, as well as other members of the Sons of Anarchy Motorcycle Club, Redwood Original (SAMCRO), their families, various Charming townspeople, allied and rival gangs, associates, and law agencies that undermine or support SAMCRO's legal and illegal enterprises. Plot Jax struggles with his recent loss and turns himself into the authorities. While in jail, Jax makes decisions that radically alter the direction of the club and uses it to exact revenge for the death of his wife. Another member's death fuels the hate and lies created by Gemma and Juice, who are on the run and hiding from the club. After Jax learns the truth, he works to make things right with all parties involved. The series ends with Jax making the ultimate sacrifice to complete his part of the story of SAMCRO and fulfill his father's vision. Cast and characters Sons of Anarchy is the story of the Teller-Morrow family of Charming, California, as well as the other members of Sons of Anarchy Motorcycle Club, Redwood Original (SAMCRO), their families, various Charming townspeople, allied and rival gangs, associates, and law agencies that undermine or support SAMCRO's legal and illegal enterprises. Main cast Charlie Hunnam as Jackson \"Jax\" Teller Katey Sagal as Gemma Teller Morrow Mark Boone Junior as Robert \"Bobby Elvis\" Munson Dayton Callie as Wayne Unser Kim Coates as Alex \"Tig\" Trager Drea de Matteo as Wendy Case Tommy Flanagan as Filip \"Chibs\" Telford David LaBrava as Happy Lowman Niko Nicotera as George \"Rat Boy\" Skogstorm Theo Rossi as Juan-Carlos \"Juice\" Ortiz Jimmy Smits as Nero Padilla Special guest cast Annabeth Gish as Althea Jarry Kenneth Choi as Henry Lin Courtney Love as Ms. Harrison Peter Weller as Charles Barosky Walton Goggins as Venus Van Dam CCH Pounder as Tyne Patterson Michael Chiklis as Milo Robert Patrick as Les Packer Recurring cast Rusty Coones as Rane Quinn Hayley McFarland as Brooke Putner Mo McRae as Tyler Yost Michael Ornstein as Chuck Marstein Jacob Vargas as Allesandro Montez Marilyn Manson as Ron Tully Winter Ave Zoli as Lyla Winston Ivo Nandi as Oscar \"El Oso\" Ramos Emilio Rivera as Marcus Alvarez April Grace as Loutreesha Haddem Arjay Smith as Grant McQueen Michael Beach as T.O. Cross Marya Delver as Officer Candy Eglee Mathew St. Patrick as Moses Cartwright Brad Carter as Leland Gruen Ron Yuan as Ryu Tom Billy", "title": "Sons of Anarchy season 7" }, { "docid": "24973786", "text": "Gemma Teller Morrow (née Madock) is a fictional character on the FX television series Sons of Anarchy, played by Katey Sagal. Gemma is the widow of John Teller, a founding member of the Sons of Anarchy Motorcycle Club Redwood Original (SAMCRO). At the beginning of the series, she is the matriarch of the club and wife of club President Clay Morrow and mother of Vice President Jax Teller. She is unapologetic about the lengths she'll go to in order to protect the club and is beloved by all of its members. Throughout the series, however, she has a tumultuous relationship with her daughter-in-law Tara Knowles, continuously affecting her relationship with Jax. Her character is based on Gertrude, the Queen of Denmark who is Prince Hamlet's mother from William Shakespeare's play Hamlet. Biography Gemma was born on September 15, 1957, to Nate and Rose and is a native of Charming, California; her maiden name is Madock. According to Police Chief Wayne Unser, she left Charming when she was sixteen and returned \"ten years later with a baby and a motorcycle club\". She was married to John Teller, a Vietnam War veteran and founder of the Sons of Anarchy Motorcycle Club, with whom she had two children: Jackson in 1978 and Thomas in 1984. Gemma has a scar on her chest which is explained when her grandson Abel has surgery. Gemma has a genetic heart disorder from her mother's side which she passed on to her children — Thomas died in 1990 from complications of the disorder, and Abel nearly died from heart complications and maternal drug abuse after his premature birth. After John was hit by a semi-truck and died in 1993, she quickly married John's friend and club member Clay Morrow. Her tough, but relatively classy, image includes hair highlights and a tattoo on her breast. Sons of Anarchy Season 1 Gemma Teller Morrow is the queen of Charming and the matriarch of SAMCRO, Charming charter. A Machiavellian schemer and expert in psychological manipulation, Gemma is extremely protective of her son Jax and grandson, and she longs for the day when Jax, in her eyes, will be ready to assume control over SAMCRO to ensure the organization's survival for future generations. She adores her husband, Clay, and does her best to make things work out his way. Many of SAMCRO's plans succeed because of Gemma's quiet intervention (e.g., finding out who raped the little girl at the carnival in the episode \"Fun Town\", and surveillance of L.O.A.N. in season two). She generally has a hostile attitude toward all of Jax's female friends and partners, including his ex-wife Wendy; his on-again, off-again girlfriend Tara (although Gemma later takes Tara under her wing); and the club \"groupies\" with whom she occasionally has intercourse with. Nord boss Ernest Darby indicated that he had a prior romantic interest in her. She claims to be part Jewish \"on the angry Russian side.\" Season 2 Early in season 2, Gemma is raped by Sons of Anarchy", "title": "Gemma Teller Morrow" }, { "docid": "2596218", "text": "\"Chickenlover\" is the fourth episode of the second season of the American animated television series South Park. The 17th episode of the series overall, it originally aired on Comedy Central in the United States on May 27, 1998. It marks the first appearance of Stephen Stotch, who is Butters Stotch’s father in later seasons, as well as a more finalised design for Randy Marsh. The episode was written by series co-creators Trey Parker and Matt Stone, along with David R. Goodman, and directed by Parker. In the episode, Officer Barbrady resigns as South Park's only police officer because of his illiteracy. Anarchy ensues, just as chickens are mysteriously being molested across South Park. Barbrady enlists the help of the boys to learn to read and discover who is molesting the chickens. Cartman, meanwhile, masquerades as a police officer. Plot Stan Marsh, Kyle Broflovski, Kenny McCormick, and Eric Cartman visit the Booktastic Bus, a mobile library. They are initially intrigued, but become uninterested in reading after meeting the strange driver. Word spreads that a pervert is molesting chickens in town. When Officer Barbrady starts the investigation, he is confronted with his illiteracy, which is depicted as a medical condition where a person literally sees strange symbols in place of letters. He resigns in shame and anarchy immediately breaks out. Later, he is put into the boys' class to learn to read. Barbrady recruits the boys to help him with his task, showing his knowledge of the police code. From then on, Cartman patrols the town on his Big Wheel, enforcing his own brand of justice. The molester is finally caught in the petting zoo and turns out to be the bookmobile driver. He plotted this all along to encourage Barbrady to learn to read. After being given a copy of Ayn Rand's Atlas Shrugged, Barbrady knocks the man out cold with a club to the head to teach Cartman how to properly deal with criminals, leaving him unconscious as blood pools from his head. The town holds a parade for Barbrady, and when he is asked to give a speech, he reveals how Atlas Shrugged convinced him to never read again. And at the end, Kenny finally dies after numerous attempts of deaths. Production Originally, Cartman was supposed to receive a gun during his stint as a deputy police officer, but Comedy Central's censors were reluctant to show a child with a firearm. The season one episode \"Volcano\" depicted children wielding firearms, but it was allowed then as the usage was considered less controversial by Comedy Central. The episode was originally titled \"Chickenfucker\", but it was changed as Comedy Central did not want any profane wording in any of its titles. Broadcast \"Chickenlover\" was originally broadcast on Comedy Central in the United States on May 27, 1998. The second season of the show started in April 1998, with two episodes. Then, on May 20, the episode \"Ike's Wee Wee\" started a six-episode run of the season. Home media \"Chickenlover\" was released", "title": "Chickenlover" }, { "docid": "22978958", "text": "Clarence \"Clay\" Morrow is a fictional character in the FX television series Sons of Anarchy. He is played by Ron Perlman. Morrow is one of the original \"First 9\" members of the Sons of Anarchy Motorcycle Club Redwood Original (SAMCRO), but is not a founding member. He is the former International President of the Sons of Anarchy Motorcycle Club, However, during the fourth season, Clay involves the club in drug smuggling with the cartel for his own protection, wavering in his allegiance, and gradually reveals himself to be one of the story's antagonists. His character is based on King Claudius; the King of Denmark and Prince Hamlet's uncle and father-in-law from William Shakespeare's play Hamlet. Biography Morrow has a number of tattoos, most notably a Grim Reaper on his upper right arm and a Paratrooper tattoo on his upper left, along with the words \"Death From Above\" indicating that he served as a paratrooper in a military unit. On his kutte, he wears patches reading \"President\", \"First 9\", \"Men of Mayhem\" and \"Unholy Ones\". He also wears a golden pin of the same symbol on his kutte. This symbol is often confused with the US Army Parachutist badge. The Paratrooper symbol that Clay wears is an unofficial symbol, and would serve to indicate service, particularly combat service, as a paratrooper, and consists of a skull, with wings coming from the bottom of the skull, and curving up to meet the top of the skull. Of the \"First 9\", he was the youngest and one of only three who was not a war veteran. He did later go on to serve in the military, joining the US Army as an Airborne qualified Infantryman in 1969 and was deployed to Vietnam until 1972 (this is commemorated by a tattoo on his left arm and the paratrooper pin on his vest). When he returned from service, he remained a member of the club and opened the Teller-Morrow Automotive Repair shop with John Teller, the club President and his best friend. While serving as the Vice President during the early 1990s, he was responsible for a number of murders during the SAMCRO-Mayan War, including that of Lowell Harland Sr., a mechanic at the auto shop who became an ATF informant. In 1993, he became the President of the club's Mother Charter, based in Charming (which also means that he was International President), after the death of John Teller. He went on to marry John Teller's widow Gemma Teller Morrow in the mid-1990s and made their son, Jax Teller, Vice-President. It is later revealed that Clay and Gemma had been having an illicit affair for some time prior to John's death, which John was secretly aware of but did not care about. It is implied that under Morrow, SAMCRO has become more of a criminal enterprise than before, much to Jax's disillusionment. On his colors he wears patches reading \"First 9\" and \"President\". He suffers from osteoarthritis (degenerative arthritis) in his hands that he attempts", "title": "Clay Morrow" }, { "docid": "34642987", "text": "The sixth and penultimate season of the American television drama series Sons of Anarchy premiered on September 10, 2013, and concluded on December 10, 2013, after 13 episodes aired on cable network FX. Created by Kurt Sutter, it is about the lives of a close-knit outlaw motorcycle club operating in Charming, a fictional town in California's Central Valley. The show centers on protagonist Jackson \"Jax\" Teller (Charlie Hunnam), the president of the club, who begins questioning the club and himself. The season finale was the second-most watched episode of the season and the most-watched finale in the series history. Sons of Anarchy is the story of the Teller-Morrow family of Charming, California, as well as other members of the Sons of Anarchy Motorcycle Club, Redwood Original (SAMCRO), their families, various Charming townspeople, allied and rival gangs, associates, and law agencies that undermine or support SAMCRO's legal and illegal enterprises. Plot Following the arrest of Tara and Clay, Jax struggles to hold SAMCRO together while Tara is imprisoned. Toric approaches both Tara and Clay and offers them deals in exchange for giving up SAMCRO; both initially refuse, but Clay later relents when confronted with being thrown into the prison's general population and assuredly being killed by inmates paid off by Damon Pope's men as a retaliation for Pope's murder. Juice returns to Charming after helping Bobby relocate after stepping down as VP, which angers Chibs, who doesn't believe Juice has been punished enough for talking to cops and later beats him. Cast and characters Sons of Anarchy is the story of the Teller-Morrow family of Charming, California, as well as the other members of Sons of Anarchy Motorcycle Club, Redwood Original (SAMCRO), their families, various Charming townspeople, allied and rival gangs, associates, and law agencies that undermine or support SAMCRO's legal and illegal enterprises. Main cast Charlie Hunnam as Jackson \"Jax\" Teller Katey Sagal as Gemma Teller Morrow Mark Boone Junior as Robert \"Bobby Elvis\" Munson Dayton Callie as Wayne Unser Kim Coates as Alex \"Tig\" Trager Tommy Flanagan as Filip \"Chibs\" Telford Theo Rossi as Juan-Carlos \"Juice\" Ortiz Maggie Siff as Tara Knowles-Teller Ron Perlman as Clarence \"Clay\" Morrow Jimmy Smits as Nero Padilla Special guest cast CCH Pounder as Tyne Patterson Drea de Matteo as Wendy Case Rockmond Dunbar as Lieutenant Eli Roosevelt Peter Weller as Charles Barosky Donal Logue as Lee Toric Walton Goggins as Venus Van Dam Mitch Pileggi as Ernest Darby Robert Patrick as Les Packer Recurring cast David LaBrava as Happy Lowman Niko Nicotera as George \"Ratboy\" Skogstrom Michael Marisi Ornstein as Chuck Marstein Robin Weigert as Ally Lowen LaMonicca Garret as Sgt. Cane Timothy V. Murphy as Gallen O'Shay Reynaldo Gallegos as Fiasco Kim Dickens as Collette Jane Billy Brown as August Marks Douglas Bennett as Orlin West Rusty Coones as Rane Quinn McNally Sagal as Margaret Murphy Winter Ave Zoli as Lyla Winston Jacob Vargas as Alessandro Montez Christopher Douglas Reed as Phillip \"Filthy Phil\" Russell Steve Howey as Hopper Kurt Sutter as", "title": "Sons of Anarchy season 6" }, { "docid": "34642963", "text": "The first season of the American television drama series Sons of Anarchy premiered on September 3, 2008, and concluded on November 26, 2008, after 13 episodes aired on cable network FX. It is also the only season to air on Wednesdays before the show moved to Tuesdays for the remainder of its run. Created by Kurt Sutter, it is about the lives of a close-knit outlaw motorcycle club operating in Charming, a fictional town in California's Central Valley. The show centers on protagonist Jackson \"Jax\" Teller (Charlie Hunnam), the vice president of the motorcycle club, who begins questioning the club and himself. Sons of Anarchy is the story of the Teller-Morrow family of Charming, California, as well as other members of the Sons of Anarchy Motorcycle Club, Redwood Original (SAMCRO), their families, various Charming townspeople, allied and rival gangs, associates, and law agencies that undermine or support SAMCRO's legal and illegal enterprises. Plot The series begins with the destruction of a warehouse the club uses to store and assemble guns, which is their main source of income, by a rival MC right before the overdose of Jax's Methamphetamine-addicted, pregnant ex-wife Wendy. An emergency C-section is performed, and their son Abel is delivered ten weeks prematurely. Jax finds his father's memoirs when he visits a storage unit to collect some old baby clothes. John Teller, Jax's father, was one of the founders of SAMCRO, and the book describes his trials with and hopes for the club. Jax's mother, Gemma Teller-Morrow, is now married to the President of SAMCRO, Clay Morrow. Jax's best friend Opie has just been released from prison for serving time for a club-related crime. The first season deals with Jax trying to reconcile things happening to the club with what he reads in his father's memoirs, Opie trying to take a lesser role in the club, and local and federal law enforcement trying to shut down SAMCRO. Cast and characters Main cast Charlie Hunnam as Jackson \"Jax\" Teller, a disillusioned club member who is Vice President of the Sons of Anarchy Motorcycle Club Redwood Original in Charming. He discovers a written diary by his late father John that makes him question his life and the club. Katey Sagal as Gemma Teller Morrow, Jax's mother and the queen of Charming. She is the matriarch of the club through her marriage to President Clay Morrow. Mark Boone Junior as Robert \"Bobby Elvis\" Munson, the Secretary and a former Vice President of SAMCRO, in Charming. Kim Coates as Alexander \"Tig\" Trager, a former Sergeant-at-Arms at the club. Tommy Flanagan as Filip \"Chibs\" Telford, a club member from Glasgow, Scotland. He is SAMCRO's connection with the IRA. Johnny Lewis as Kip \"Half Sack\" Epps, a prospect (prospective member) of the club, who often gets hazed by the club and is given undesirable tasks. Maggie Siff as Dr. Tara Knowles Jax's high-school sweetheart. She performs successful surgery on his premature child Abel. Ron Perlman as Clarence \"Clay\" Morrow, the President of SAMCRO. He", "title": "Sons of Anarchy season 1" }, { "docid": "4550596", "text": "Kenny Johnson (born July 13, 1963) is an American actor. He is known for his roles as Detective Curtis Lemansky in The Shield, Butch \"Burner\" Barnes in Pensacola: Wings of Gold, Detective Ham Dewey in Saving Grace, Herman Kozik in Sons of Anarchy, Matt Webb in Prime Suspect, Caleb Calhoun in Bates Motel, Dominique Luca in the CBS drama series S.W.A.T., and Tommy Welch on Chicago Fire (2014–2015). Early life Johnson was born in New Haven, Connecticut, and was raised on a 30-acre farm in Weathersfield, Vermont. For his college education, he attended Central Connecticut State University, where he played football and basketball. Prior to starting his acting career, Johnson spent approximately four years modelling for agencies including Wilhelmina and Ford Models. This path led to him living for a year in Boston, Massachusetts, before finally settling in Los Angeles, California, where he eventually found acting. Career Johnson got his start in television commercials, including one of the first ads for LA Gear. A former champion arm wrestler, he appeared as bit characters in various television programs, such as Family Matters, Grace Under Fire, Caroline in the City, Pensacola: Wings of Gold, Sliders, 18 Wheels of Justice, Just Shoot Me!, NCIS: Los Angeles, Lie to Me, Law & Order: Special Victims Unit and The Protector. In 1998, he appeared in the first several minutes of the first Blade, as Heatseeking Dennis, who was saved from a vampire played by Traci Lords. In October 2005, he appeared in the Smallville season 5 episode \"Mortal\" as metahuman Tommy Lee. He also appeared in the 2006 Hallmark Channel original film Desolation Canyon, with Stacy Keach and Patrick Duffy. Johnson then starred in the 2005 film Zzyzx, a thriller about two friends who take a detour on their way to Las Vegas. Johnson originally auditioned for the role of ill-fated Terry Crowley in The Shield, which ultimately went to Reed Diamond. Casting directors were so impressed with his audition that they asked Johnson to come in for the role of Curtis Lemansky. He was unsure of how to go about the character, as the role was not very developed at that point. During the audition, Johnson made some choices for the character that he initially thought ruined his chances of winning the role. However, the audition turned out to be successful and he was cast. Lemansky quickly became a major player in the first season because of the chemistry Johnson shared with his castmates. After The Shield, Johnson had recurring roles in Cold Case, first as a supposed murder victim, and later as a love interest for Lilly Rush. He was later cast in the TNT series Saving Grace, as Detective Hamilton \"Ham\" Dewey. Johnson also appeared during the second, third and fourth seasons of Sons of Anarchy as Sgt. At Arms and biker Herman Kozik. He also directed and starred in the short film I Heard the Mermaids Singing. In August 2010, Johnson appeared in the Fox series Lie to Me, along with", "title": "Kenny Johnson" }, { "docid": "58988672", "text": "Harry \"Opie\" Winston is a fictional character on the FX television series Sons of Anarchy, played by Ryan Hurst. He is a member of the Sons of Anarchy Motorcycle Club, Redwood Original (SAMCRO) and the son of founder Piney and best friend of Jax since childhood. Character biography Opie was born in Charming, California in 1978 to Piney and Mary Winston. Mary took him away when he was sixteen, but he quickly returned to Charming and became a member of SAMCRO in 1995. He marries his wife, Donna, and together they have two children, Ellie and Kenny. Season 1 In 2003, Opie is sent to prison for five years after being caught by police when his getaway driver, SAMCRO member Kyle Hobart, abandoned him at a crime scene, thus leaving Opie's family to fend for themselves during his incarceration. Upon his release in 2008, Opie works as a lumberjack but his family has difficulty making ends meet, which contributes to Opie's decision to resume illegal activity with SAMCRO, against Donna's wishes. ATF agent June Stahl attempts to recruit Opie as an informant which causes her to trick Clay Morrow, SAMCRO's president, into believing that Opie betrayed the club and the others with whom he murdered Heffner, a port commissioner. Clay responds by ordering Tig Trager to kill Opie and pin it on the One-Niners street gang. Opie's wife, Donna, who was driving his truck, is mistakenly killed instead. Season 2 After Donna is murdered, Opie spirals into depression and dives deep back into the SAMCRO lifestyle. He starts to become more distant from his children and bonds with Lyla, a porn star. They later form a relationship, and Opie wants her to leave the porn industry. Season 3 When SAMCRO exploits its porn connections to entertain Chinese triad crime boss Henry Lin and his clients, a furious Opie starts a fight with Lin's clients. This ultimately leads to the club losing out on a major deal. He travels to Belfast to aide Jax, who's searching for his kidnapped son Abel. After Agent Stahl tries to dismantle SAMCRO, Opie, with the help of corrupt Charming police chief Wayne Unser, targets Agent Stahl in retribution for her role in the death of his wife, Donna. Opie shoots Stahl in the back of the head, instantly killing her. Chibs Telford rigs the scene to look as if the IRA murdered Stahl and rogue IRA member Jimmy O'Phelan. Season 4 Members of SAMCRO are released from prison after serving 14 months for federal weapons charges, due to Stahl's actions. They return to their hometown of Charming, California where they are disturbed by the sight of signs for a new real estate development in their quiet town, spearheaded by the town's new mayor Jacob Hale, Jr. and Elliott Oswald, whose land was seized for the project under eminent domain. On their way into town, they encounter the town's new sheriff, Eli Roosevelt, who together with Assistant U.S. Attorney Lincoln Potter has convened a secret task", "title": "Opie Winston" }, { "docid": "45684832", "text": "Sons of Anarchy: Songs of Anarchy Vol. 4 is a soundtrack album featuring music from the FX television program Sons of Anarchy, and is a follow-up to the 2013 release Sons of Anarchy: Songs of Anarchy Vol. 3 and several earlier EPs from the popular show. The songs are performed by The Forest Rangers, the house band of the series led by Bob Thiele Jr. The Forest Rangers serve as the Sons Of Anarchy house band, which includes the show's music composer Bob Thiele Jr, Greg Leisz (guitar/banjo), John Philip Shenale (keyboards), Lyle Workman (guitar), Dave Way (recording Engineer and Sergeant at Arms), Davey Faragher (bass), Brian Macleod (drums) and Velvet Revolver guitarist Dave Kushner. \"Come Join The Murder\" performed by The White Buffalo and The Forest Rangers debuted at number 9 on Billboards Hot Rock chart and claimed the 93 spot on the Hot 100 chart. Track listing References Sons of Anarchy 2015 soundtrack albums", "title": "Sons of Anarchy: Songs of Anarchy Vol. 4" }, { "docid": "26449131", "text": "\"Fun Town\" is the third episode of the first season of the FX television series Sons of Anarchy. It was written by Kurt Sutter, directed by Stephen T. Kay and originally aired on September 17, 2008 in the United States. This episode marks the first appearance for Jay Karnes (Josh Kohn), an ATF agent from Chicago, Illinois. Plot When Tristen - the teenage daughter of prominent Charming businessman and landowner Elliott Oswald - is raped during a visiting carnival, Oswald turns to SAMCRO for justice. The police look to Tristen for answers, but her parents protest, fearing that the case will attract media attention. SAMCRO's IRA connection arrives in Charming with a truckload of AK-47 rifles, hidden in oil barrels shipped from Dungloe, Ireland. After Wendy regains consciousness, Tara prods her to find out if Gemma supplied her with heroin. Gemma brings Wendy flowers and warns her not to tell Tara anything. Gemma then visits Tristen and her mother, and convinces them to reveal the rapist's identity. SAMCRO hunts down the rapist, a carnival clown, and brings him to Elliott, who brings a special knife normally used to castrate bulls which he planned to use to castrate the rapist. When Elliott has a change of heart and backs down, Clay performs the castration himself, then bags the fingerprinted knife to use as blackmail against Elliott, as Clay worries that property developers interested in Elliott's land will bring unwelcome attention to Charming. Reception In a review for the episode, Film School Rejects said \"What we are really seeing with Sons of Anarchy, as I explained yesterday, is the slow build to the big burn.\" The scene where Clay castrates a rapist was voted #18 in Rolling Stone's \"20 Best ‘Sons of Anarchy’ Moments\". References External links 2008 American television episodes Sons of Anarchy episodes", "title": "Fun Town" }, { "docid": "45158654", "text": "Art of Anarchy is an American rock supergroup formed in 2011, which currently consists of brothers Jon and Vince Votta on guitar and drums, Tony Dickinson on bass, Ron \"Bumblefoot\" Thal (ex-Guns N' Roses, ex-Asia, Sons of Apollo) on guitar and production, and Jeff Scott Soto (Sons of Apollo, ex-Talisman, ex-Journey) on lead vocals. The band's first album, Art of Anarchy (2015), featured the late vocalist Scott Weiland (ex-Stone Temple Pilots). The second album, The Madness (2017), featured vocalist Scott Stapp (Creed). In 2020, the band replaced Stapp with Soto and began production on the 2024 album, Let There Be Anarchy. The band has been involved with legal battles against both Weiland and Stapp due to both vocalists' refusal to properly promote the band's music upon the release of their respective albums. History Scott Weiland era: 2011–2015 The band's origins came from a friendship between Bumblefoot and the Votta brothers that dates back many years. Jon Votta and Bumblefoot spoke about putting a band together. It was finally completed when John Moyer joined the band. The band name was created by Vince Votta. The band started in 2011, with Bumblefoot recording parts for the debut album in between touring with Guns N' Roses. Weiland wrote and recorded the vocals after sharing the song files back and forth with Bumblefoot from 2012 to 2013. Weiland also took part in promotional photo shoots and music videos in October 2014. Their self-titled debut album was tentatively scheduled for Spring 2015 and was released in June. On January 21, 2015 they released a 2:06 teaser of the new album. Bumblefoot is the producer and engineer on the album. The first single to be released from the album was \"'Til The Dust Is Gone\". The album contains 11 tracks. Weiland distanced himself from the project, stating: \"I was never in the band. It was something I did when I wasn't doing anything. I was asked to write some lyrics and sing some melodies on this project, but it's not a band I'm in.\" Weiland went on to say that the band was a \"scam\" from the beginning saying they are an unsigned band without a lead singer. However, Thal countered by stating \"The five of us made an album together. Scott is currently the singer of the band. It's in writing; (There's) no confusion\". Despite the comments made by Thal, Weiland did not tour with the band in support of their new album. In July 2015, bandmate Vince Votta sued Scott Weiland for refusing to help the band promote Art of Anarchy's debut album. Weiland also refused to take part in music videos after he agreed to write and perform the lyrics for the ten songs for the album. The Blast reports that Vince Votta claims to have paid Weiland $230,000 upfront for his work. The lawsuit filed by Vince Votta was to recover the $230,000 and asked for an additional $20 million in damages. Vince said the final straw for him was when Weiland", "title": "Art of Anarchy" }, { "docid": "64678762", "text": "We Are Chaos (stylized in all caps) is the eleventh studio album by American rock band Marilyn Manson. It was produced by Marilyn Manson and Shooter Jennings, and was released on September 11, 2020, by Loma Vista Recordings and Concord Music. The title track and \"Don't Chase the Dead\" were both issued as singles. The album was a critical and commercial success upon release, garnering mostly positive reviews and becoming their first number one album in Portugal, and their first number one record in Australia since 1998's Mechanical Animals. Background We Are Chaos was recorded in collaboration between vocalist Marilyn Manson and musician Shooter Jennings. The two were introduced in 2013 by Twiggy Ramirez, former bassist for the Marilyn Manson band. That same year, the producers of Sons of Anarchy asked Manson and Jennings to record a song for the finale to the sixth season of the television series. Their version of the track remains unreleased, with both Manson and Jennings saying they were unhappy with the finished product. The track \"Join the Human Gang\" was written by Jennings alongside the show's creator Kurt Sutter, and was eventually rewritten and released by The White Buffalo as \"Come Join the Murder\". Manson went on to portray a character in the seventh season of Sons of Anarchy, and recorded two albums with Tyler Bates: The Pale Emperor and Heaven Upside Down. Manson and Jennings also collaborated on a cover of David Bowie's \"Cat People (Putting Out Fire)\", for Jennings's album Countach (For Giorgio). In 2019, drummer Gil Sharone – who performed on The Pale Emperor and Heaven Upside Down – announced he was leaving the band to pursue other projects. Former Black Flag drummer Brandon Pertzborn was hired as his replacement. Shortly after, Manson announced that Bates was no longer involved with the group, and that We Are Chaos would be co-produced by Jennings and feature contributions from his drummer Jamie Douglass. Pertzborn and the band's touring guitarist Paul Wiley were also confirmed to perform on the album. Manson and Jennings recorded a cover version of The Doors track \"The End\" for use as the theme song for the miniseries The Stand. The track did not appear in the series, however, with director Josh Boone saying a license to use it proved too expensive for a series made on a limited budget. Recording and production Manson said recording \"The End\" informed the approach he and Jennings took while recording We Are Chaos, in that it \"started us exploring different things. [Shooter is] very talented in so many ways, and working with him is very fluid. We have a totally different collaborative style than I did [with Tyler] on the last two records. Sometimes Shooter will already be doing something that I was going to suggest. We lock brains a lot together.\" The album was recorded over two-and-a-half years of intermittent studio time. Since Manson and Jennings's touring commitments made it difficult to coordinate schedules, several different studios were used to record We", "title": "We Are Chaos" }, { "docid": "73980675", "text": "The Price of Anarchy (PoA) is a concept in game theory and mechanism design that measures how the social welfare of a system degrades due to selfish behavior of its agents. It has been studied extensively in various contexts, particularly in congestion games (CG). Example The inefficiency of congestion games was first illustrated by Pigou in 1920, using the following simple congestion game. Suppose there are two roads that lead from point A to point B: Road 1 is wide but slow. Using this road, it takes 1 minute to get from A to B, regardless of how many drivers use it. Road 2 is fast but narrow, so it becomes congested and slower as more drivers use it. If x drivers use the road, it takes them x/1000 minutes to get from A to B. Suppose there are 1000 drivers who need to go from A to B. Each driver wants to minimize his own delay, but the government would like to minimize the total delay (the sum of delays of all drivers). First, let us compute the minimum possible delay. Suppose x drivers go to road 2 and 1000 − x go to road 1. Then, the total delay is x2/1000+(1000 − x). This is minimized when x ≈ 500, that is, 500 drivers go to road 2 and the other 500 to road 1; the total delay is 500×1/2 + 500×1 ≈ 750 minutes. For every single driver, the delay is always smaller when driving through road 2, as x/1000 < 1. This means that choosing road 2 is a dominant strategy. So in \"anarchy\" (that is, without central planning), all drivers choose road 2, their delay is 1 minute, and the total delay is 1000 minutes. The problem is that each agent minimizes his own delay, but ignores the cost imposed by his own actions on the delay of others; there is a negative externality which leads to an inefficient outcome. In this example, selfish routing leads to a total delay that is 4/3 times higher than the optimum, so the price of anarchy is 4/3. In general, the price of anarchy may differ based on the type of congestion game, the structure of the network, and the delay functions. Various authors have computed upper and lower bounds on the PoA in various congestion games. Effect of delay functions To illustrate the effect of the delay functions on PoA, consider a variant of the above example in which the delay in road 1 is still 1 minute, but the delay in road 2 when x drivers use it is , for some d>1. The minimum possible delay is attained when the number of drivers going to road 2 is . As , this number approaches 1000, so drivers go to road 2, where . The total delay is , which approaches 0 as . However, for every single driver in road 1, it is still worthwhile to move to road 2. Therefore, in anarchy, all drivers", "title": "Price of anarchy in congestion games" }, { "docid": "34642966", "text": "The second season of the American television drama series Sons of Anarchy premiered on September 8, 2009, and concluded on December 1, 2009, after 13 episodes aired on cable network FX. Created by Kurt Sutter, it is about the lives of a close-knit outlaw motorcycle club operating in Charming, a fictional town in California's Central Valley. The show centers on protagonist Jackson \"Jax\" Teller (Charlie Hunnam), the vice president of the club, who begins questioning himself. Sons of Anarchy is the story of the Teller-Morrow family of Charming, California, as well as other members of the Sons of Anarchy Motorcycle Club, Redwood Original (SAMCRO), their families, various Charming townspeople, allied and rival gangs, associates, and law agencies that undermine or support SAMCRO's legal and illegal enterprises. Introduced in this season are white separatists called the League of American Nationalists (LOAN). LOAN arrives in Charming with leader Ethan Zobelle and Zobelle's enforcer, A.J. Weston, seeking to drive SAMCRO out of Charming. Plot White separatists called the League of American Nationalists (LOAN) arrive in Charming. LOAN's leader Ethan Zobelle and Zobelle's enforcer, A.J. Weston, seek to drive the Sons of Anarchy from Charming. To send a message to SAMCRO, Zobelle orchestrates to have Gemma kidnapped and gang raped by Weston and two others. Due to the improper handling of an internal problem, the rift between Clay and Jax continues to widen as Jax challenges most of Clay's decisions and comes to a head when a lone car bomb nearly kills another member of SAMCRO. The second season sees SAMCRO battling LOAN for control of Charming, Jax and Clay veering further apart in their individual visions for the club, and evading the ever-present threat of the ATF. Cast and characters Main cast Charlie Hunnam as Jackson \"Jax\" Teller, a disillusioned club member who is the Vice President of the Sons of Anarchy Motorcycle Club Redwood Original in Charming. He discovers a written diary by his late father John that makes him question his life and the club. He is at odds with club President and stepfather Clay Morrow. Katey Sagal as Gemma Teller Morrow, Jax's mother and the queen of Charming. She is the matriarch of the club. She is married to Clay Mark Boone Junior as Robert \"Bobby Elvis\" Munson Kim Coates as Alex \"Tig\" Trager Tommy Flanagan as Filip \"Chibs\" Telford Ryan Hurst as Harry \"Opie\" Winston Johnny Lewis as Kip \"Half Sack\" Epps William Lucking as Piermont \"Piney\" Winston Theo Rossi as Juan-Carlos \"Juice\" Ortiz Maggie Siff as Tara Knowles Ron Perlman as Clarence \"Clay\" Morrow Special guest cast Adam Arkin as Ethan Zobelle Ally Walker as Agent June Stahl Tom Everett Scott as Rosen Recurring cast Dayton Callie as Wayne Unser Henry Rollins as A.J. Weston Taylor Sheridan as Deputy Chief David Hale Winter Ave Zoli as Lyla Dvorak Callard Harris as Edmond Hayes Jamie McShane as Cameron Hayes Sarah Jones as Polly Zobelle Julie Ariola as Mary Winston Mitch Pileggi as Ernest Darby McNally Sagal as Margaret Murphy", "title": "Sons of Anarchy season 2" }, { "docid": "27214589", "text": "\"This Life\" is the theme song for the FX television series Sons of Anarchy, written by singer-songwriter Curtis Stigers, Velvet Revolver guitarist Dave Kushner, record producer Bob Thiele Jr. and show creator Kurt Sutter while it was performed by Curtis Stigers & The Forest Rangers. Background Musician Dave Kushner, of Velvet Revolver, began collaborating with friend and producer Bob Thiele Jr. on the main theme song and end credit theme for the FX television series Sons of Anarchy. Kushner originally wrote the riff with Shooter Jennings in mind before using it for the theme. Thiele then contacted Curtis Stigers to write lyrics and sing the theme, who recorded the song at Cunningham Audio Production in Boise, Idaho. Show creator Kurt Sutter also cowrote the lyrics to the song. When speaking about why he cowrote the theme for the show, Kushner stated that: An Irish-themed version of the song was used for several episodes in season 3 (those in which SAMCRO members were present in Belfast, Northern Ireland). Awards and nominations \"This Life\" received an Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Main Title Theme Music in 2009, but lost out to the theme for the PBS television series Great Performances. Commenting on the nomination, Kushner stated that he was \"honored to be recognized by and to receive this nomination from the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences.\" The following year, they received an ASCAP Award for the theme. Release The song was released in September 2008 on the Sons of Anarchy: North Country – EP, which featured music from the television show by Anvil, Franky Perez and Audra Mae, via iTunes. It is also available in the album Songs of Anarchy: Music from Sons of Anarchy Seasons 1–4. A new version of the song was introduced in Season 6. See also Sons of Anarchy Music List of Winners and Nominees for Outstanding Main Title Theme Music References Television drama theme songs 2008 songs Sons of Anarchy", "title": "This Life (Sons of Anarchy song)" }, { "docid": "39793846", "text": "Relationship anarchy (sometimes abbreviated RA) is the application of anarchist principles to intimate relationships. Its values include autonomy, anti-hierarchical practices, anti-normativity, and community interdependence. RA is explicitly anti-amatonormative and anti-mononormative and is commonly, but not always, non-monogamous. This is distinct from polyamory, solo poly, swinging, and other forms of “dating”, which may include structures such as amatonormativity, hierarchy of intimate relationships, and autonomy-limiting rules. It has also been interpreted as a new paradigm in which closeness and autonomy are no longer considered to create dilemmas within a relationship. History Andie Nordgren popularized the term \"relationship anarchy\" in her 2012 Tumblr essay \"The short instructional manifesto for relationship anarchy\", which she translated from her own Swedish-language \"Relationsanarki i 8 punkter\" (lit. Relationship anarchy in 8 points). Other relevant writings exploring this topic within a similar time frame include \"A Green Anarchist Project on Freedom and Love\" and \"Against the Couple Form\". Workshops at OpenCon 2010 discussed relationship anarchy, and the Open University professor Dr. Meg-John Barker discussed it in a 2013 presentation. In the International Non-Monogamies and Contemporary Intimacies Conferences, since 2016, different aspects of relationship anarchy have been studied. In March 2020, the first book dedicated monographically to relationship anarchy was published in Spanish \"Anarquía Relacional. La revolución desde los vínculos\", translated into English in 2022 as \"Relationship Anarchy. Occupy Intimacy\". The general press has dealt with relationship anarchy in articles with different approaches and scopes. In 2021, Cosmopolitan magazine describes it as a distinct relational style, remarking on the importance it assigns to needs, boundaries and expectations, and quoting experts such as Dr. Heath Schechinger, co-chair of the American Psychological Association Division 44 Committee on Consensual Non-Monogamy and other authors and practitioners. In April 13, 2022, an article in Men's Health magazine emphasizes how to put the philosophy of relationship anarchy into practice and how it leads us not to hierarchize between platonic and romantic relationships. It even extends that to deeply loving relationships with non-humans: the environment, pets, God or spirituality, art, music, or even football clubs. In June 17, 2022, an article in The New York Times stated that The Organization for Polyamory and Ethical Non-monogamy, or OPEN, sent an open letter to Meta calling for Facebook to allow users to list more than one relationship status in their profiles, including \"polyamory\", \"swinging\", and \"relationship anarchy\". In February 8, 2023, The Observer, in the article \"We Can All Learn From Polyamory\", the nine statements that make up the relationship anarchy manifesto are proposed as pillars of any type relationship. It is compared to polyamory that is said to fall under the umbrella of ethical non-monogamy, identified as the set of all nontraditional connections made between more than two people. Relationship anarchy is regarded as more of a philosophy, comprising values that encourage people to form relationships based on their own wants and needs rather than traditional social rules. See also Anarcha-feminism Anarchism and issues related to love and sex Free love within Anarchism Queer anarchism References Anarchist", "title": "Relationship anarchy" }, { "docid": "32535398", "text": "Kurt Yaeger (born January 3, 1977) is an American actor, writer, director, disability advocate, and professional athlete, who is also a below-the-knee amputee. Recent work includes varying roles on the CBS series NCIS, the HBO/Cinemax series Quarry, Netflix series Another Life, and many other television appearances. Kurt gathered notoriety appearing in season five of the FX series Sons of Anarchy as Greg \"the Peg\" and in the Rudimental music video for the UK hit single \"Waiting All Night\" featuring vocals from Ella Eyre. Early life Kurt Yaeger was born in San Francisco, California, United States (US), and was raised in South San Francisco. He currently resides in the Los Angeles area. As a BMX rider, Yaeger gained the nickname \"Crowbar\" and acquired sponsors for his BMX riding, participating in tours and competing in events. As an actor, Yaeger auditioned for a Nickelodeon/Clear Channel Communications live tour based on the popular cartoon show Rocket Power. What he thought to be an acting role turned out to be an athletic/stunt role. On the first day of rehearsals, the director found out that his BMX talent was at a professional level and incorporated it into the show. The show briefly toured the US Midwest in spring 2002 before being canceled due to low ticket sales. After experiencing many BMX-related injuries, he decided to go back to college to pursue a master's degree in hydrogeology. In 2006, while attending school in San Francisco, he was in a motorbike crash that resulted in multiple injuries. He hit a pole and went over a 40-foot embankment, crashing on the side of the freeway. His left leg was amputated below the knee, his right anterior cruciate ligament and medial collateral ligament were torn, his pelvis was torn in half along with his bladder, seven vertebra were broken, his lungs collapsed, multiple ribs were broken, and he had a severe concussion. One year later, Yaeger made a full recovery, returning to his acting career. Career Yaeger started taking acting courses and began acquiring role after role. Some of his early work includes Michael Anderson's Tenderloin, a film about one of the most infamous neighborhoods in San Francisco. The film premiered at the Mill Valley Film Festival in October 2009. Yaeger also shares the joy of working on Dolphin Tale with Morgan Freeman, Ashley Judd and Harry Connick, Jr.; Knife Fight with Rob Lowe; War Flowers with Christina Ricci, Tom Berenger and Jason Gedrick; and the Syfy feature film Piranhaconda with Michael Madsen and Rachel Hunter. In 2012, he appeared in a recurring role for six episodes of the highest rated FX television series Sons of Anarchy. Late 2016 brings Yaeger to the set of Cinemax's New Series Original Quarry and to NCIS: Los Angeles for a multi-episode arc. In 2018 Yaeger was cast in CBS All Access series Tell Me a Story. Having 2019 bringing him to star in his third separate NCIS franchise show on NCIS: New Orleans, along with The Rookie, and a spot on the", "title": "Kurt Yaeger" }, { "docid": "33916296", "text": "Songs of Anarchy: Music from Sons of Anarchy Seasons 1–4 is a soundtrack album featuring music from FX television program Sons of Anarchy. The album consists of songs recorded for the show as well as those previously released through a number of EPs; Sons of Anarchy: North Country (2009), Sons of Anarchy: Shelter (2009) and Sons of Anarchy: The King is Gone (2010). Songs include covers of \"What a Wonderful World\", \"Forever Young\", \"John the Revelator and the Emmy nominated theme song \"This Life\" (performed by Curtis Stigers and the Forest Rangers). Musicians performing on the album include Anvil, Franky Perez (of Scars on Broadway), Lions, Alison Mosshart (of The Kills and The Dead Weather) and actress Katey Sagal, who plays Gemma Teller Morrow in the show, among others. The album was released on November 29, 2011, through Columbia Records. Track listing Charts Personnel The album's credits and personnel can be obtained from Allmusic. Anvil Steve Kudlow — vocals, guitars Glenn Gyorffy — bass Robb Reiner — drums The Forest Rangers Bob Thiele Jr. — guitar, acoustic guitar, bass, piano, organ, keyboard, synthesizer, vocal harmonies Greg Leisz — guitar, banjo, lap steel guitar, mandolin John Philip Shenale — organ, piano, Mexican harp Lyle Workman — vocals, guitar Dave Kushner — guitar, bass Davey Faragher — bass Brian Macleod — drums, hand drums Lions Matt Drenik — vocals, guitar, piano Austin Kalman — lead guitar, backing vocals Mike Sellman — bass, backing vocals Jake Perlman — drums Additional musicians Katey Sagal — vocals, backing vocals Curtis Stigers — vocals Audra Mae — vocals Franky Perez — vocals Paul Brady — vocals Alison Mosshart — vocals Billy Valentine — vocals, backing vocals Gia Ciambotti — backing vocals Arielle Smolin — backing vocals Owen Thiele — backing vocals Jackson White — backing vocals Sarah White — backing vocals Kim Yarborough — backing vocals Bob Glaub — bass Pete Thomas — drums Zac Rae — organ Production personnel Bob Thiele Jr. — producer, arranger Kurt Sutter — producer, arranger Dave Kushner — producer Matt Hyde — producer, engineer, mixer Matt Drenik — producer, engineer, mixer Lions — producer Jason Buntz — engineer Brian Scheuble — engineer, mixer Dave Way — engineer, mixer Ed Cherney — mixer Dave Warren — cover art, design References 2011 soundtrack albums Columbia Records albums Sons of Anarchy Television soundtracks", "title": "Songs of Anarchy: Music from Sons of Anarchy Seasons 1–4" }, { "docid": "15362625", "text": "Chris Collins is an American television writer and producer. He has worked on the HBO dramas The Sopranos and The Wire. He was an executive story editor for the Starz drama series Crash. He is a producer and writer for the FX series Sons of Anarchy. Biography Collins joined the crew of The Wire in 2004 as a script coordinator for the third season. He continued to serve as a script coordinator and became a staff writer for the fourth season in 2006 . Collins and the writing staff won the Writers Guild of America (WGA) Award for Best Dramatic Series at the February 2008 ceremony for their work on the fourth season. Collins became a story editor for the fifth season in 2009. Collins was involved in the writer's planning meetings for the fifth season. He wrote the teleplay for the third episode of the fifth season \"Not for Attribution\" from a story he co-wrote with show runner and executive producer David Simon. Collins and the writing staff were nominated for the WGA award for Best Dramatic Series again at the February 2009 ceremony for their work on the fifth season but Mad Men won the award. In 2009 Collins became an executive story editor and writer for new Starz drama series Crash. Showrunner Glen Mazzara handpicked the writing staff for the series and selected people with a background of writing edgier material. Collins was hired because of his work on The Wire. The series followed an ensemble cast in racially tense Los Angeles and was based on the film of the same name. Collins co-wrote the episode \"The Doctor Is In\" with co-executive producer Frank Renzulli and wrote the episode \"Los Muertos\". Mazzara, Collins and the majority of the writing staff left the series at the end of the first season. Collins was hired as a co-producer and writer for the second season of FX crime drama Sons of Anarchy in fall 2009. Sons of Anarchy showrunner and executive producer Kurt Sutter had previously worked with Mazzara on The Shield. The series focuses on a motorcycle gang. Collins wrote the episode \"Smite\" and co-wrote the episode \"Gilead\" with Sutter. Collins was promoted to producer for the series third season in 2010. He wrote the episode \"Caregiver\", co-wrote the episode \"The Push\" with Julie Bush, co-wrote the teleplay for the episode \"Turas\" with Brady Dahl based on a story by Sutter and wrote the teleplay for the season's penultimate episode \"June Wedding\" based on a story by Sutter. Collins was promoted to supervising producer for the fourth season in 2011. Collins co-wrote the season's second episode \"Booster\" with co-executive producer Dave Erickson and the sixth episode \"With an X\" with co-producer Regina Corrado. Filmography Production staff Writer Awards References External links Living people Place of birth missing (living people) Year of birth missing (living people) American male screenwriters American television writers American male television writers Writers Guild of America Award winners", "title": "Chris Collins (writer)" }, { "docid": "34642975", "text": "The fourth season of the American television drama series Sons of Anarchy premiered on September 6, 2011, and concluded on December 6, 2011, after 14 episodes aired on cable network FX. Created by Kurt Sutter, it is about the lives of a close-knit outlaw motorcycle club operating in Charming, a fictional town in California's Central Valley. The show centers on protagonist Jackson \"Jax\" Teller (Charlie Hunnam), the then–vice president of the club, and is first shown as the new president here, who begins questioning the club and himself. It is the longest season of Sons of Anarchy and the only season to have 14 episodes, as every other season had 13 episodes. The season premiere (\"Out\") was written by series creator and executive producer Kurt Sutter and was one of the highest-rated telecasts in FX's history. Sons of Anarchy is the story of the Teller-Morrow family of Charming, California, as well as other members of the Sons of Anarchy Motorcycle Club, Redwood Original (SAMCRO), their families, various Charming townspeople, allied and rival gangs, associates, and law agencies that undermine or support SAMCRO's legal and illegal enterprises. Plot After the deaths of Agent Stahl and Jimmy O’Phelan, the imprisoned SAMCRO members leave the penitentiary after their 14-month stay and are met by Lieutenant Eli Roosevelt of the San Joaquin Sheriff's Department, the new law enforcement presence in Charming. They also discover Hale has become the mayor. US Attorney Lincoln Potter seeks Lieutenant Roosevelt's help to build a RICO case against SAMCRO. Cast and characters Sons of Anarchy is the story of the Teller-Morrow family of Charming, California, as well as the other members of Sons of Anarchy Motorcycle Club, Redwood Original (SAMCRO), their families, various Charming townspeople, allied and rival gangs, associates, and law agencies that undermine or support SAMCRO's legal and illegal enterprises. Main cast Charlie Hunnam as Jackson \"Jax\" Teller Katey Sagal as Gemma Teller Morrow Mark Boone Junior as Robert \"Bobby Elvis\" Munson Dayton Callie as Wayne Unser Kim Coates as Alex \"Tig\" Trager Tommy Flanagan as Filip \"Chibs\" Telford Ryan Hurst as Harry \"Opie\" Winston William Lucking as Piermont \"Piney\" Winston Theo Rossi as Juan-Carlos \"Juice\" Ortiz Maggie Siff as Tara Knowles-Teller Ron Perlman as Clarence \"Clay\" Morrow Special guest cast Rockmond Dunbar as Lieutenant Eli Roosevelt Ray McKinnon as Assistant U.S. Attorney Lincoln Potter Danny Trejo as Romero \"Romeo\" Parada Kenny Johnson as Herman Kozik Drea de Matteo as Wendy Case Marianne Jean-Baptiste as Vivica David Hasselhoff as Dondo Sonny Barger as Lenny \"The Pimp\" Janowitz Recurring cast Christopher Douglas Reed as Philip \"Filthy Phil\" Russell Emilio Rivera as Marcus Alvarez David LaBrava as Happy Lowman Benito Martinez as Luis Torres David Rees Snell as Agent Grad Nicholas Michael Marisi Ornstein as Chuck Marstein Winter Ave Zoli as Lyla Winston McNally Sagal as Margaret Murphy Frank Potter as Eric Miles Jeff Kober as Jacob Hale Jr. Niko Nicotera as George \"Rat Boy\" Skogstorm Kurt Sutter as \"Big\" Otto Delaney Timothy V. Murphy as Galen O'Shay Merle", "title": "Sons of Anarchy season 4" }, { "docid": "36304141", "text": "Billy Brown is an American actor. In 2014, he began starring as Detective Nate Lahey in the Shonda Rhimes drama series How to Get Away with Murder. He is also known for his roles in the television series Lights Out, Dexter, Sons of Anarchy and Hostages. Early life Brown was born and raised in Inglewood, California. Career He is known for his role as detective Mike Anderson on Showtime's Dexter from 2011 to 2012. Previously he starred as boxer Richard \"Death Row\" Reynolds in the short-lived FX series Lights Out. In 2012, he landed the recurring role of August Marks in the fifth and sixth season of Sons of Anarchy. He also provided the second voice of Cliffjumper in the animated series Transformers: Prime. In 2013, he portrayed Agent Troy Riley in the first season of The Following. Brown starred opposite Toni Collette in the CBS drama series Hostages from 2013-14. In 2014, he was cast opposite Viola Davis in ABC drama How to Get Away with Murder, produced by Shonda Rhimes. In 2018, Brown was cast in his first film leading role in the Screen Gems' thriller Proud Mary opposite Taraji P. Henson. Brown also voices recruiting commercials for the United States Marine Corps. Filmography Film Television Video games Awards and nominations References External links American male television actors American male voice actors Living people Male actors from Inglewood, California 20th-century American male actors 21st-century American male actors 1971 births", "title": "Billy Brown (actor)" }, { "docid": "43971827", "text": "Sons of Anarchy: Songs of Anarchy Vol. 3 is a soundtrack album featuring music from the FX television program Sons of Anarchy, and is a follow-up to the 2012 release Sons of Anarchy: Songs of Anarchy Vol. 2 and several earlier EPs from the popular show. The album has sold 23,000 copies in the United States as of February 2015. The songs are performed by The Forest Rangers, the \"house band\" of the series led by Bob Thiele Jr. The Forest Rangers serve as the Sons Of Anarchy house band, which includes the show's music composer Bob Thiele Jr, Greg Leisz (guitar/banjo), John Philip Shenale (keyboards), Lyle Workman (guitar), Dave Way (recording Engineer and Sergeant at Arms), Davey Faragher (bass), Brian Macleod (drums) and Velvet Revolver guitarist Dave Kushner. Track listing In popular culture \"Lullaby for a Soldier\" was used in the teaser trailer for the 2019 film Alita: Battle Angel, based on the manga Battle Angel Alita by Yukito Kishiro. References Sons of Anarchy 2013 soundtrack albums", "title": "Sons of Anarchy: Songs of Anarchy Vol. 3" }, { "docid": "24309266", "text": "Adulterine castles were fortifications built in England during the 12th century without royal approval, particularly during the civil war of the Anarchy between 1139 and 1154. Details During the civil war of the Anarchy, fought between the factions of Stephen of England and the Empress Matilda, both sides built a number of new castles to defend their territories and act as bases for expansion, typically motte and bailey designs such as those at Winchcombe, Upper Slaughter, or Bampton by the Empress's followers. Similarly, Stephen built a new chain of fen-edge castles at Burwell, Lidgate, Rampton, Caxton, and Swavesey – all about six to nine miles (ten to fifteen km) apart – in order to protect his lands around Cambridge. Many of these castles were termed \"adulterine\", meaning unauthorised, because no formal permission was given for their construction. Traditionally the King retained the right to approve new castle construction, but in the chaos of the war this was no longer the case. Contemporary chroniclers saw this as a matter of concern; Robert of Torigny suggested that as many as 1,115 such castles had been built during the conflict, although this was probably an exaggeration as elsewhere he suggests an alternative figure of 126. Matilda's son Henry II assumed the throne after the war and immediately announced his intention to eliminate the adulterine castles that had sprung up during the war, but it is unclear how successful this effort was. Robert of Torigny recorded that 375 were destroyed (slighted), without giving the details behind the figure; recent studies of selected regions have suggested that fewer castles were probably destroyed than once thought and that many may simply have been abandoned at the end of the conflict. Certainly many of the new castles were transitory in nature: archaeologist Oliver Creighton observes that 56 percent of those castles known to have been built during Stephen's reign have \"entirely vanished\". The term \"adulterine\" has been challenged in late 20th-century and 21st century scholarship. Some argue that it gives too strong a sense of royal authority and authorisation in the years running up to the Anarchy and gives a misleading impression of the process of gaining permission for castle construction. See also The later practice of the licence to crenellate Slighting (deliberate destruction, partial or complete, of a fortification without opposition) Castles in Great Britain and Ireland (makes reference to both \"The Anarchy\" and \"Adulterine castles\" within a larger historical context and contains additional images) References Bibliography Amt, Emilie. (1993) The Accession of Henry II in England: royal government restored, 1149–1159. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell Press. . Bradbury, Jim. (2009) Stephen and Matilda: the Civil War of 1139–53. Stroud, UK: The History Press. . Coulson, Charles. (1994) \"The Castles of the Anarchy,\" in King, Edmund. (ed) (1994) The Anarchy of King Stephen's Reign. Oxford: Oxford University Press. . Creighton, Oliver Hamilton. (2005) Castles and Landscapes: Power, Community and Fortification in Medieval England. London: Equinox. . Walker, David. (1991) \"Gloucestershire Castles,\" in Transactions of the Bristol and Gloucestershire", "title": "Adulterine castle" }, { "docid": "17201042", "text": "The Price of Anarchy (PoA) is a concept in economics and game theory that measures how the efficiency of a system degrades due to selfish behavior of its agents. It is a general notion that can be extended to diverse systems and notions of efficiency. For example, consider the system of transportation of a city and many agents trying to go from some initial location to a destination. Here, efficiency means the average time for an agent to reach the destination. In the 'centralized' solution, a central authority can tell each agent which path to take in order to minimize the average travel time. In the 'decentralized' version, each agent chooses its own path. The Price of Anarchy measures the ratio between average travel time in the two cases. Usually the system is modeled as a game and the efficiency is some function of the outcomes (e.g. maximum delay in a network, congestion in a transportation system, social welfare in an auction, etc.). Different concepts of equilibrium can be used to model the selfish behavior of the agents, among which the most common is the Nash equilibrium. Different flavors of Nash equilibrium lead to variations of the notion of Price of Anarchy as Pure Price of Anarchy (for deterministic equilibria), Mixed Price of Anarchy (for randomized equilibria), and Bayes–Nash Price of Anarchy (for games with incomplete information). Solution concepts other than Nash equilibrium lead to variations such as the Price of Sinking. The term Price of Anarchy was first used by Elias Koutsoupias and Christos Papadimitriou, but the idea of measuring inefficiency of equilibrium is older. The concept in its current form was designed to be the analogue of the 'approximation ratio' in an approximation algorithm or the 'competitive ratio' in an online algorithm. This is in the context of the current trend of analyzing games using algorithmic lenses (algorithmic game theory). Mathematical definition Consider a game , defined by a set of players , strategy sets for each player and utilities (where also called set of outcomes). We can define a measure of efficiency of each outcome which we call welfare function . Natural candidates include the sum of players utilities (utilitarian objective) minimum utility (fairness or egalitarian objective) ..., or any function that is meaningful for the particular game being analyzed and is desirable to be maximized. We can define a subset to be the set of strategies in equilibrium (for example, the set of Nash equilibria). The Price of Anarchy is then defined as the ratio between the optimal 'centralized' solution and 'worst equilibrium': If, instead of a 'welfare' which we want to 'maximize', the function measure efficiency is a 'cost function' which we want to 'minimize' (e.g. delay in a network) we use (following the convention in approximation algorithms): A related notion is that of the Price of Stability (PoS) which measures the ratio between the optimal 'centralized' solution and the 'best equilibrium': or in the case of cost functions: We know that by the definition.", "title": "Price of anarchy" }, { "docid": "67658605", "text": "The third season of Mayans M.C., an American crime drama, premiered on FX, on March 16, 2021, and concluded on May 11, 2021. The third season consisted of ten episodes and aired on Tuesdays in the United States on FX. Mayans M.C. is an American crime drama television series created by Kurt Sutter and Elgin James. The show takes place in the same fictional universe as Sons of Anarchy, and deals with the Sons' rivals-turned-allies, the Mayans Motorcycle Club. Production In November 2019, the series was renewed for a third season which premiered on March 16, 2021. The season is the first without showrunner Kurt Sutter, who created Sons of Anarchy. President of original programming at FX Entertainment Nick Grad said; \"We're happy to continue telling the story of Mayans MC with our partners at Fox 21 and excited that Elgin James has earned the opportunity to become the series' showrunner.\" The season is the first not to be distributed by 20th Television and instead is distributed by Disney-ABC Domestic Television due to the Disney-FOX merger in December 2017. Cast and characters Main J. D. Pardo as Ezekiel \"EZ\" Reyes, a full patch for the Mayans and brother to Angel Reyes. Clayton Cardenas as Angel Reyes, EZ's brother and Él Secretario of Mayans M.C., Santo Padre Charter Sarah Bolger as Emily Thomas, childhood sweetheart of EZ, who is now married to Miguel Galindo, and the mother of their infant son. Michael Irby as Obispo \"Bishop\" Losa, president of Mayans M.C.'s Santo Padre Charter. Carla Baratta as Adelita, who as a child, watched her family die at the hands of the Galindo cartel. Richard Cabral as Johnny \"El Coco\" Cruz, a full patch member of Mayans M.C. Raoul Trujillo as Che \"Taza\" Romero, Vice Presidente of Mayans M.C., Santo Padre Charter. Danny Pino as Miguel Galindo, the son of Galindo Cartel founder Jose Galindo. Edward James Olmos as Felipe Reyes, the once-strong Mexican patriarch and Angel and EZ's father. Emilio Rivera as Marcus Álvarez, Consejero to Miguel Galindo, former president of the Mayans M.C. Oakland Charter and national president of the Mayans M.C., cousin of Obispo \"Bishop\" Losa Sulem Calderon as Gabriela \"Gaby\" Castillo, newly immigrated to the U.S. from Oaxaca, Mexico, she seeks to build a brighter future for herself and her family. After moving to Santo Padre, she starts a relationship with EZ until she leaves for Lodi to attend nursing school. Special guests Ray McKinnon as Lincoln \"Linc\" James Potter, reprising his role from Sons of Anarchy as the Assistant U.S. Attorney, now investigating both the Mayans M.C. and Los Olvidados. David Labrava as Happy Lowman, SAMCRO Sergeant-at-Arms, who is responsible for the death of EZ and Angel's mother. Recurring Frankie Loyal as Hank \"El Tranq\" Loza, a former bare-knuckle brawler and El Pacificador (Sgt-at-Arms) of the Mayans M.C., Santo Padre Charter. Joseph Lucero as Neron \"Creeper\" Vargas, an ex-junkie from Los Angeles and Capitan Del Camino (Road Captain) of the Mayans M.C., Santo Padre Charter. Vincent Vargas", "title": "Mayans M.C. season 3" }, { "docid": "18369401", "text": "Sons of Anarchy is an American action crime drama television series created by Kurt Sutter for FX. Originally aired from September 3, 2008, to December 9, 2014, Sons of Anarchy follows the lives of a close-knit outlaw motorcycle club operating in Charming, a fictional town in California's Central Valley. Charlie Hunnam stars as Jax Teller, who after discovering a manifesto written by his late father and motorcycle club founder, begins to question himself, his relationships, and the club. Themes throughout the show include love, brotherhood, loyalty, betrayal, and redemption. The series explored vigilantism, government corruption, and racism. The show's plot depicts an outlaw motorcycle club as an analogy for human transformation. David Labrava, a real-life member of the Oakland chapter of Hells Angels, served as a technical adviser and also played the recurring character Happy Lowman. Sons of Anarchy'''s third season attracted an average of 4.9 million weekly viewers, becoming FX's highest-rated series at the time and surpassing its other hits, The Shield, Nip/Tuck and Rescue Me. The season 4 and 5 premieres were the two highest-rated telecasts in FX's history. The sixth season aired from September 10, 2013, through December 10, 2013. The seventh season of the series premiered on September 9, 2014. On November 3, 2014, FX announced that the seventh season would be its last. The series finale aired on December 9, 2014. In November 2016, FX announced the development of a spin-off series, Mayans M.C., that was broadcast from 2018 to 2023. Series overview Each season involved parallel plot lines that intertwine and overlap, centering on both the personal and family life of Jax Teller and on SAMCRO (Sons of Anarchy Motorcycle Club, Redwood Original), the \"Mother Charter\" of the organization based in Charming, California. SAMCRO is involved with gunrunning in the western United States, and deals with rival gangs, politicians, and the authorities. As vice president and later president of SAMCRO, Jax struggles to manage the club and the legacy of its founder, his late father John Teller. He is frequently at odds with his stepfather, Clay Morrow, who has taken over the club since John's death, and is also now married to Jax's mother and John's widow, Gemma Teller Morrow. Jax also grapples with his relationships with his high school sweetheart, Tara Knowles, and his childhood best friend, Opie Winston. SAMCRO takes its inspiration from the Hells Angels Motorcycle Club; the series includes special guest appearances by real Hells Angels members. Season 1 (2008) Since 1967, SAMCRO has held sway over the town of Charming through their political and business dealings. The series begins with the destruction of a warehouse SAMCRO uses to store and assemble guns, which is their main source of income, by their rivals, the Mayans M.C. Jax's crystal meth addicted ex-wife Wendy Case overdoses, an emergency C-section is performed, and their son Abel is delivered ten weeks prematurely. Jax finds his father's manifesto when he visits a storage unit to collect some old baby clothes. John Teller, Jax's father and", "title": "Sons of Anarchy" }, { "docid": "69583307", "text": "\"Aon Rud Persanta\" (Irish for Nothing Personal) is the eleventh episode of the sixth season of Sons of Anarchy. It first aired on November 19, 2013 in the United States. This episode marks the final appearance for Clay Morrow (Ron Perlman). Plot Clay gets broken out during his prison transfer, and Bobby gets shot in the process. Jax exacts his revenge on the Irish and Clay for past wrongdoings. Patterson is unhappy with the way Jax upheld his end of the deal and makes it seem as if she's going to throw that deal out. Tara contemplates making a deal of her own to stay out of jail and get her and her sons out of Charming for good. Reception In a review by Diana Steenbergen for IGN, the episode received a 9.5\|10 rating; stating \"A powerful episode of Sons of Anarchy delivered more than one shocking moment with the focus on Jax bringing SAMCRO’s dealings with both Clay Morrow and the Irish gunrunning business to an end.\" Zach Handlin of The AV Club gave the episode a B+ rating, while Allison Keene of Collider gave it an A− rating. References Sons of Anarchy episodes 2013 American television episodes", "title": "Aon Rud Persanta" } ]	[ "7" ]
train_7081	who plays bd in feud bette and joan	[ { "docid": "50437960", "text": "Feud is an American anthology drama television series created by Ryan Murphy, Jaffe Cohen, and Michael Zam, which premiered on FX on March 5, 2017. Conceived as an anthology series, Feuds first season, Bette and Joan, chronicles (over eight episodes) the well-documented rivalry between Hollywood actresses Joan Crawford and Bette Davis during and after the production of their psychological horror thriller film What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? (1962). Jessica Lange and Susan Sarandon star as Crawford and Davis, respectively. Judy Davis, Jackie Hoffman, Alfred Molina, Stanley Tucci, and Alison Wright feature in supporting roles. Academy Award–winning actresses Catherine Zeta-Jones and Kathy Bates also appear. Critically acclaimed, with major praise for Lange and Sarandon's performances, the first season garnered several accolades. It received 18 nominations at the 69th Primetime Emmy Awards and won two, including Outstanding Hairstyling and Makeup (Non-Prosthetic). Bette and Joan also received six Critics' Choice Awards, four Golden Globe Awards, two Screen Actors Guild Awards, and three Television Critics Association Awards nominations. In February 2017, FX renewed the series for a 10-episode second season. Following a hiatus, in April 2022, it was announced that the second season would be Feud: Capote vs. The Swans, with Jon Robin Baitz serving as showrunner/writer, Gus Van Sant as director, and Naomi Watts starring as Babe Paley. The season will focus on the fallout of a roman à clef story written by author Truman Capote based on the lives of several New York socialites. It premiered on January 31, 2024. Summary The first season (subtitled Bette and Joan) centers on the backstage battle between Bette Davis (Susan Sarandon) and Joan Crawford (Jessica Lange) during and after the production of their 1962 film What Ever Happened to Baby Jane?. The second season (subtitled Capote vs. The Swans) focuses on the end of Truman Capote's friendships with many New York socialites nicknamed \"The Swans\" when he lightly fictionalizes their lives in published excerpts from his ultimately unfinished novel Answered Prayers. Cast and characters Bette and Joan Main Jessica Lange as Joan Crawford/Blanche Hudson Susan Sarandon as Bette Davis/Baby Jane Hudson Judy Davis as Hedda Hopper, gossip columnist Jackie Hoffman as Mamacita, Crawford's housekeeper Alfred Molina as Robert Aldrich, director/producer of What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? and Hush...Hush, Sweet Charlotte Stanley Tucci as Jack L. Warner, head of Warner Bros. Alison Wright as Pauline Jameson, Aldrich's assistant Recurring Catherine Zeta-Jones as Olivia de Havilland, Davis's friend and fellow actress who co-stars with her in Hush...Hush, Sweet Charlotte and participates in a 1970s documentary on Crawford Kathy Bates as Joan Blondell, Davis's friend and fellow actress who participates in a 1970s documentary on Crawford Kiernan Shipka as B. D. Merrill, Davis's daughter Reed Diamond as Peter, Joan's latest paramour Ken Lerner as Marty, Crawford's agent Joel Kelley Dauten as Adam Freedman, a documentary filmmaker Molly Price as Harriet Foster Aldrich, Robert Aldrich's wife Dominic Burgess as Victor Buono, an actor who co-stars in What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? and Hush...Hush, Sweet Charlotte Historical", "title": "Feud (TV series)" }, { "docid": "53373487", "text": "Bette and Joan: The Divine Feud is an American biography by Shaun Considine first published in 1989 and re-released in 2017 by Graymalkin Media in paperback and as an e-book. The biography focuses on the celebrated, long-term feud of Hollywood's two iconic screen legends, Bette Davis and Joan Crawford. The Crawford-Davis rivalry was dramatized in the 2017 FX anthology television series Feud, titled Bette and Joan and starring Susan Sarandon and Jessica Lange. References 1989 non-fiction books American biographies Books about actors Bette Davis Joan Crawford", "title": "Bette and Joan: The Divine Feud" }, { "docid": "2300597", "text": "Baby Jane Hudson is a fictional character and the main antagonist of Henry Farrell's 1960 novel What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? She was portrayed by Bette Davis in the 1962 film adaptation and by Lynn Redgrave in the 1991 television remake. The 1962 production is the better-known, and Bette Davis received an Academy Award nomination for her performance. The character is portrayed by Susan Sarandon, who plays Bette Davis, in the TV anthology Feud: Bette and Joan. Novel and film At the start of the book, Baby Jane Hudson is a highly successful child star in vaudeville, billed as \"The Diminutive Dancing Duse from Duluth\". In the film version, a prologue set in 1917 shows Baby Jane performing with her father while her mother and sister Blanche watch from backstage. She is favored and spoiled by her father, while her mother attempts to soothe Blanche's envy and resentment by promising that one day she will achieve stardom. The novel reveals that, when both parents die in the late-1910s flu pandemic, the sisters move to Hollywood to live with an aunt who favors Blanche the way their father used to treat Jane (this detail is absent in the film). By the mid-1930s, Blanche and Jane both have careers as Hollywood actresses. Blanche is a successful star, and Jane largely is reduced to working as an extra in her movies, a condition Blanche inserts in her contracts. Blanche is the leading lady of her era, but Jane is widely seen as a has-been, and the films she tries to make on her own are all critical and commercial failures. One night, an inebriated Jane mocks and humiliates Blanche at a party, provoking Blanche into leaving in tears. That night, Blanche is paralyzed from the waist down in a mysterious car accident that is unofficially blamed on Jane, who is found three days later in a drunken stupor with no memory of the party and its aftermath. The accident ends Blanche's, and by extension, Jane's career. With the loss of income, the sisters move in together, and Jane spends the next three decades as Blanche's caretaker and cook, stoking bitter resentment which consumes her. Over the years, Jane's mental illness worsens and she descends into alcoholism. Her appearance slowly becomes a grotesque caricature of her childhood self: hideously caked on make-up, greasy hair in curls, and dresses like a 10-year-old girl. A television retrospective honoring Blanche's old films sends Jane into a jealous rage as she is again reminded that no one remembers her career. Her anger only increases when she discovers that Blanche plans to sell the house and have her committed to a mental hospital. Delusional and stuck in the past, she clings to hopes of reviving her childhood act despite being both too old and decades out of practice. She steals Blanche's money to pay for an accompanist and for adult-sized versions of her old Baby Jane costumes. She removes Blanche's telephone, making her a virtual prisoner in her", "title": "Baby Jane Hudson" }, { "docid": "4841779", "text": "The Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Television Movie or Limited Series is an award given by the Screen Actors Guild to honor the finest acting achievements in Miniseries or Television Movie. Winners and nominees 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s Multiples Multiple winners 2 wins Helen Mirren (Elizabeth I, Phil Spector) Queen Latifah (Life Support, Bessie) Kate Winslet (Mildred Pierce, Mare of Easttown) Alfre Woodard (The Piano Lesson, Miss Evers' Boys) Multiple nominees Note: Winners are indicated in bold type. 2 nominations Patricia Arquette (Escape at Dannemora, The Act) Anne Bancroft (Homecoming, The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone) Angela Bassett (Ruby's Bucket of Blood, Betty & Coretta) Ellen Burstyn (Oprah Winfrey Presents: Mitch Albom's For One More Day, Flowers in the Attic) Judy Davis (A Cooler Climate, Life with Judy Garland: Me and My Shadows) Laura Dern (Recount, Big Little Lies) Anjelica Huston (Buffalo Girls, The Mists of Avalon) Jessica Lange (Grey Gardens, Feud: Bette and Joan) Queen Latifah (Life Support, Bessie) Sissy Spacek (Midwives, A Place for Annie) Emma Thompson (Wit, Angels in America) Kerry Washington (Confirmation, Little Fires Everywhere) Emily Watson (Appropriate Adult, Chernobyl) Kate Winslet (Mildred Pierce, Mare of Easttown) Joanne Woodward (Breathing Lessons, Empire Falls) 3 nominations Kathy Bates (The Late Shift, Annie, My Sister's Keeper) Glenn Close (Serving in Silence: The Margarethe Cammermeyer Story, In the Gloaming, The Lion in Winter) Sally Field (A Woman of Independent Means, A Cooler Climate, David Copperfield) Vanessa Redgrave (If These Walls Could Talk 2, The Gathering Storm, The Fever) Cicely Tyson (Oldest Living Confederate Widow Tells All, The Road to Galveston, The Trip to Bountiful) Sigourney Weaver (Snow White: A Tale of Terror, Prayers for Bobby, Political Animals) Alfre Woodard (The Piano Lesson, Miss Evers' Boys, Steel Magnolias) 4 nominations Stockard Channing (A Unexpected Family, The Baby Dance, The Truth About Jane, The Matthew Shepard Story) Nicole Kidman (Hemingway & Gellhorn, Grace of Monaco, Big Little Lies, The Undoing) Susan Sarandon (Bernard and Doris, You Don't Know Jack, The Secret Life of Marilyn Monroe, Feud: Bette and Joan) 5 nominations Helen Mirren (The Passion of Ayn Rand, Door to Door, The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone, Elizabeth I, Phil Spector) See also Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited Series or Movie Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Miniseries or Television Film Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Series, Miniseries or Television Film Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Actress in a Movie/Miniseries Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Movie/Miniseries External links SAG Awards official site Female Actor Miniseries Television awards for Best Actress", "title": "Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie" } ]	[ { "docid": "45477931", "text": "Alison Wright (born 12 July 1976) is an English actress. She is best known for her starring role as Martha Hanson on the FX period spy drama series The Americans (2013–2017), for which she received critical acclaim and a Primetime Emmy Award nomination in 2017. She has also acted in the Ryan Murphy limited series Feud: Bette and Joan (2017) and Hollywood (2019). Wright's other notable roles were as Marjorie in the Amazon Prime Video crime drama series Sneaky Pete (2015–2019), as Pauline Jameson in the FX docudrama series Feud (2017), and as Ruth Wardell in the TNT dystopian thriller series Snowpiercer (2020–present). She has also appeared in various films, including The Nanny Diaries (2007), The Accountant (2016), and Ask for Jane (2018). Early life Wright was born on 12 July 1976, in Sunderland, Tyne and Wear, where she was raised by her adoptive parents. She began dancing and acting at a young age. She studied at the prestigious Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute and The Barrow Group in New York City. She worked as a waitress while auditioning for roles. Career Wright made her acting debut in the comedy-drama film The Nanny Diaries, released in 2007. This was followed by appearances in various short films. She made her stage debut as Molly Bhatt in the comedy play Rafta, Rafta... (2008), followed by a role in the play Marie and Bruce (2011), both at the Acorn Theatre. In 2013, Wright made her television debut in the FX period spy drama series The Americans. Her performance as Martha Hanson, a lonely FBI secretary who is manipulated into spying for the Russians, earned high critical praise. She was promoted to a series regular for the second season, which premiered in January 2014. In 2017, she received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series for her guest appearance in The Americans fifth season. The series ended after six seasons in 2018. From 2015 to 2019, Wright starred as Marjorie in the Amazon Prime Video crime drama series Sneaky Pete, receiving positive reviews. In 2016, she starred as Justine in the action thriller film The Accountant and as Virginia Thomas in the HBO political thriller film Confirmation. In 2017, she starred as Pauline Jameson, the assistant to Robert Aldrich, in the FX docudrama series Feud: Bette and Joan, which chronicles the rivalry between Hollywood actresses Bette Davis and Joan Crawford during and after the production of the 1962 film What Ever Happened to Baby Jane?. She also made her Broadway debut as Jessie in the play Sweat at Studio 54. In 2018, she had a starring role as Ada in the historical drama film Ask for Jane and as Emilia in a stage production of the Shakespearean tragedy play Othello at Delacorte Theater. In 2019, she had a recurring role in the second season of psychological horror anthology series Castle Rock. She starred as Valerie, a \"kind-hearted local who explores the town’s evil history\". In 2020, Wright", "title": "Alison Wright" }, { "docid": "21279653", "text": "Dominic Burgess (born 29 July 1982) is an English actor. He is known for his appearances in several television adverts and series such as Raising Hope, Doctor Who, It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia, American Horror Story and Feud: Bette and Joan. Early life Burgess was born in Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire. He attended Newcastle-under-Lyme School, performing in school productions of Death of a Salesman and Twelfth Night, among others. He gained a place at the Academy of Live and Recorded Arts (ALRA) and won a Dance and Drama Awards Scholarship on the three-year Acting course. He auditioned for his first professional role on graduation day in his last year at ALRA for the film Batman Begins. Career Burgess' first TV credit was on the BBC flagship series and worldwide hit, Doctor Who as a game show contestant, Agorax. He moved to Los Angeles in 2007 and made subsequent appearances in Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. , It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia and The Leftovers. Burgess became a regular fixture on the Disney hit series, A.N.T. Farm, and appeared as a recurring guest on The Magicians as the Ram God Ember, The Good Place as the accident prone-red boot wearing Henry, and on The Flash as meta-villain Kilgore. Burgess also appeared as Mr. Vup in Star Trek: Picard for the episode \"Stardust City Rag.\" Burgess said that, as a Trekkie, his appearance on Star Trek was a \"dream come true.\" Burgess received media attention and acclaim for his portrayal of Victor Buono in the Ryan Murphy created Feud. \"Played with uncanny precision by Dominic Burgess, Baby Jane co-star Victor Buono lets Feud give a nod to the plight of closeted actors in Hollywood at that moment and also to smartly weave in Davis' treasured ties to the gay community.\" - Personal life Burgess is gay and married to actor and stunt performer Matthew Yanagiya. Filmography Film Television Awards and nominations References External links Biography at Official Dominic Burgess Website 1982 births 20th-century English LGBT people 21st-century English LGBT people 21st-century English male actors Alumni of the Academy of Live and Recorded Arts English gay actors English LGBT actors English male film actors English male television actors Living people Male actors from Stoke-on-Trent People educated at Newcastle-under-Lyme School", "title": "Dominic Burgess" }, { "docid": "3088889", "text": "The Avesnes family played an important role during the Middle Ages. The family has its roots in the small village Avesnes-sur-Helpe, in the north of France. One branch produced a number of Counts of Holland during the 13th century. The family died out in the 16th century. Origin of the House: feud between Dampierre and Avesnes Baldwin, the first emperor of the Latin Empire of Constantinople, was as Baldwin IX Count of Flanders and as Baldwin VI Count of Hainaut. Baldwin had only daughters and was in turn succeeded by his daughters Joan (reigned 1205–1244) and Margaret II (reigned 1244–1280). In 1212 Margaret II married Bouchard d'Avesnes, a prominent Hainaut nobleman. This was apparently a love match, though it was approved by Margaret's sister Joan, who had herself recently married. The two sisters subsequently had a falling-out over Margaret's share of their inheritance, which led Joan to attempt to get Margaret's marriage dissolved. She alleged that the marriage was invalid, and without much inspection of the facts of the case Pope Innocent III condemned the marriage, though he did not formally annul it. Bourchard and Margaret continued as a married couple, having 3 children, as their conflict with Joan grew violent and Bouchard was captured and imprisoned in 1219. He was released in 1221 on the condition that the couple separate and that Bouchard get absolution from the pope. While he was in Rome, Joan convinced Margaret to remarry, this time to William II of Dampierre, a nobleman from Champagne. From this marriage Margaret had two sons: William II, Count of Flanders and Guy of Dampierre. This situation caused something of a scandal, for the marriage was possibly bigamous, and violated the church's strictures on consanguinity as well. The disputes regarding the validity of the two marriages and the legitimacy of her children by each husband continued for decades, becoming entangled in the politics of the Holy Roman Empire and resulting in the long War of the Succession of Flanders and Hainault. In 1246 king Louis IX of France, acting as an arbitrator, gave the right to inherit Flanders to the Dampierre children, and the rights to Hainaut to the Avesnes children. This would seem to have settled the matter, but in 1253 problems arose again. The eldest son, John I of Avesnes, who was uneasy about his rights, convinced William of Holland, the German king recognized by the pro-papal forces, to seize Hainaut and the parts of Flanders which were within the bounds of the empire. William of Holland was theoretically, as king, overlord for these territories, and also John's brother-in-law. A civil war followed, which ended when the Avesnes forces defeated and imprisoned the Dampierres at the Battle of West-Capelle of 4 July 1253, after which John I of Avesnes was able to force Guy of Dampierre and his mother to respect the division of Louis and grant him Hainault. Margaret did not rest in her defeat and did not recognise herself as overcome. She instead granted Hainault", "title": "Avesnes family" }, { "docid": "31191660", "text": "Coronation Street is a British soap opera, broadcast on ITV. Below is a list of characters who made their debut in 1985 in chronological order of first appearance, including Gloria Todd (Sue Jenkins), whose time on the show included brief relationships with Alan Bradley and Mike Baldwin; and Martin Platt, who married Gail Tilsley, and was a regular on the show until 2005, before returning for three episodes in 2018. Gloria Todd Gloria Todd was played by Sue Jenkins between 1985 and 1988. She famously served as a bridesmaid at Bet Lynch's 1987 wedding to Alec Gilroy, looking not dissimilar to a milking maid. Gloria was unlucky in love, at one point having a daliance with Alan Bradley. She left the street after stealing the boyfriend of The Rovers cleaner Sandra Stubbs. Sandra called Gloria a tart and threw a pint of beer in her face. Gloria had been a barmaid at the Rovers Return Inn. Martin Platt Connie Clayton Constance \"Connie\" Clayton and her family moved into 11 Coronation Street in January 1985 and turned their front room into a work room so that Connie could run her dressmaking business. Jack Duckworth bought his wife Vera a dress length of silver lurex and Connie took on the job of producing a dress that 'will make Joan Collins look like a lollipop lady'. Vera was not happy with the results and whilst Connie agreed that the dress looked a right mess on her, she insisted that it fitted properly and was worth the £45 fee but Jack and Vera refused to pay and a feud developed between the families. The fighting between the families was ruining Terry Duckworth's romance with Andrea Clayton and so he tried to pay the bill for his mother, but Connie refused to accept his money. The feud over the dress was soon forgotten when Andrea announced that she was pregnant with Terry's child. Connie stood by her daughter and agreed to look after the baby while Andrea attended university. After Vera started announcing her own plans for her new grandchild, the family did a moonlight flit and moved away from Weatherfield. In December 2000, Connie returned briefly to visit her grandson Paul in hospital after Vera had donated a kidney to him in order to save his life after Terry had refused to be a donor. Connie made peace with Vera and thanked her for saving Paul's life. Harry Clayton Harold \"Harry\" Clayton was a trombone playing milkman, who, with his family, bought 11 Coronation Street off Bill Webster in 1985. A feud developed with the Duckworths, who lived next door, after they refused to pay a bill for a dress that Harry's wife, Connie, had made for Vera and eventually escalated to violence in the Rovers Return Inn when Jack asked Harry if he was sure that the father of their daughter Andrea's baby was his son Terry. Harry and Connie stood by their daughter and agreed to look after the baby while Andrea", "title": "List of Coronation Street characters (1985)" }, { "docid": "39230", "text": "Charles Pierce (July 14, 1926 – May 31, 1999) was one of the 20th century's foremost female impersonators, particularly noted for his impersonation of Bette Davis. Life and career Born in Watertown, New York, he began his show business career playing the organ and acting in radio dramas at station WWNY. He branched out into a comedy routine, attired in tuxedo, yet managing to evoke eerily convincing imitations of popular movie actresses. Eschewing the term drag queen, which he hated, he billed himself as a male actress. Initially playing in small gay clubs, his fame spread. He took up residence in San Francisco, where his act became well known to Hollywood stars. As he toured, his costuming became more elaborate, initially adding small props, later full costume and makeup changes. His imitations were imitated by other female impersonators, and his roles included Bette Davis, Mae West, Tallulah Bankhead, Gloria Swanson, Carol Channing, Katharine Hepburn, and Joan Crawford, and these roles became the drag queen canon. His act was centered on wit rather than mimicry; however, it often was said that he looked more like Joan Collins than Joan Collins herself. Carol Channing was one of two Hollywood celebrities Pierce \"impersonated\" who actually saw his act. She went backstage after a show at Gold Street in San Francisco (c. 1972) and said \"Cheee-yarles: you do me better than I do!\" The other star was Bette Davis who was snuck into the Studio One Backlot to see his show in the late 1970s. According to Pierce's longtime stage manager and dresser Kirk Frederick in his 2016 authorized Pierce biography, Davis was unimpressed with Pierce's portrayal and refused to go backstage after the show to greet Charles, saying \"There is only one female impersonator who does me right, and his name is Arthur Blake.\" Pierce was never told Davis had attended the show. Shortly after the incident, Pierce was introduced to Davis at a private event through Geraldine Fitzgerald, a mutual friend. Frederick reports that Davis brushed off Pierce with the same reference to Blake but didn't mention attending the show. He performed at many clubs in New York, including The Village Gate, Ted Hook's OnStage, The Ballroom, and Freddy's Supper Club. His numerous San Francisco venues included the Gilded Cage, Cabaret/After Dark, Gold Street, Bimbo's 365 Club, Olympus, The Plush Room, the Venetian Room at the Fairmont Hotel, Louise M. Davies Symphony Hall, and the War Memorial Opera House. He was a guest actor on an episode of TV's Wonder Woman and played a cross-dressing villain in an episode of Laverne & Shirley (\"Murder on the Moose Jaw Express\"). Thanks in part to his good friend actress Dixie Carter, Pierce also appeared on an early episode of the sitcom Designing Women as a steward on a cruise ship. During the episode, he imitates Joan Collins (as the ship's waitress) and Bette Davis (as the ship's lounge entertainment). As Davis, he quips: \"Was that Joan Collins hustling the tables? One bitch on this", "title": "Charles Pierce (female impersonator)" }, { "docid": "508453", "text": "Joan Allen (born August 20, 1956) is an American actress. Known for her work on stage and screen, she has received a Tony Award as well as nominations for three Academy Awards, a BAFTA Award, three Primetime Emmy Awards, and three Golden Globe Awards. She began her career with the Steppenwolf Theatre Company in 1977, won the 1984 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actress in a Play for And a Nightingale Sang, and won the 1988 Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play for her Broadway debut in Burn This. In the mid-1990s to the early 2000s, Allen received international recognition for a string of critically acclaimed performances. She is also a three-time Academy Award nominee, receiving Best Supporting Actress nominations for Nixon (1995) and The Crucible (1996), and a Best Actress nomination for The Contender (2000). Allen's other film roles include Manhunter (1986), Peggy Sue Got Married (1986), Tucker: The Man and His Dream (1988), Searching for Bobby Fischer (1993), The Ice Storm (1997), Face/Off (1997), Pleasantville (1998), The Bourne Supremacy (2004), The Upside of Anger (2005), The Bourne Ultimatum (2007), Death Race (2008), and The Bourne Legacy (2012). She won the Canadian Screen Award for Best Supporting Actress for the 2015 film Room. She has also starred in the Broadway plays The Heidi Chronicles (1988), Impressionism (2009), and The Waverly Gallery (2018). Early life and education Allen, the youngest of four children, was born in Rochelle, Illinois, the daughter of Dorothea Marie (née Wirth), a homemaker, and James Jefferson Allen, a gas station owner. She has an older brother, David, and two older sisters, Mary and Lynn. Allen attended Rochelle Township High School, and was voted most likely to succeed. She first attended Eastern Illinois University, performing in a few plays with John Malkovich, who was also a student, and then Northern Illinois University, where she graduated with a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in theater. Career 1977–1994: early work and Broadway roles Allen began her performing career as a stage actress and on television before making her film debut in the movie, Compromising Positions (1985). She became a member of the Steppenwolf Theatre Company ensemble in 1977 when John Malkovich asked her to join. She's been a member ever since. In 1984, she won a Clarence Derwent Award for her portrayal of Hellen Stott in And a Nightingale Sang. Allen's work with Steppenwolf has included productions of Three Sisters, Waiting For The Parade, Love Letters, The Marriage of Bette and Boo, and The Wheel. In 1989, Allen won a Tony Award for her Broadway debut performance in Burn This opposite Malkovich. She also starred in the Pulitzer Prize-winning play The Heidi Chronicles, with Boyd Gaines at the Plymouth Theatre. The show was met with critical praise, receiving six Tony Award nominations and winning Best Play. Allen received her second Tony Award nomination for her performance. 1995–2003: established actor In 1995 she portrayed Former First Lady Pat Nixon acting opposite Anthony Hopkins playing the title role in", "title": "Joan Allen" }, { "docid": "49949309", "text": "The eleventh season of the American reality talent show The Voice premiered on September 19, 2016, on NBC. A 30-minute preview episode aired following NBC's broadcast of the closing ceremony of the 2016 Summer Olympics on August 21, 2016. Adam Levine and Blake Shelton both returned for their eleventh season as coaches. Alicia Keys and Miley Cyrus joined the panel replacing Pharrell Williams and Christina Aguilera making it the first season with two female coaches. Carson Daly returned as the show's host. Sundance Head was named the winner of the season, marking Blake Shelton's fifth win as a coach. Coaches and hosts There were two changes to the coaching panel from season ten. Coaches Adam Levine and Blake Shelton are joined by Alicia Keys and Miley Cyrus, who respectively replaced Pharrell Williams and Christina Aguilera, thus making it the first season to have two female coaches. Carson Daly returned for his 11th season as host. This is Alicia Keys's second appearance on the show after being the advisor for Team Pharrell in the Battle rehearsals in season 7. This is also Miley Cyrus's second appearance on the show after being key advisor for the Knockout rehearsals in season 10, making her the youngest ever coach in any of the national versions of The Voice franchise worldwide at that time at the age of 24 (until Tini Stoessel coach La Voz... Argentina at the age of 21 in 2018). The mentors for the Battle Rounds this season were: Sammy Hagar for Team Adam, Bette Midler for Team Blake, Charlie Puth for Team Alicia, and Joan Jett for Team Miley. Tim McGraw and Faith Hill served as key advisors for all four teams. Teams Color key Blind auditions Color key Episode 1 (Sept. 19) The coaches performed \"Dream On\" at the start of the show, as a tribute to former contestant Christina Grimmie who was killed on June 10, 2016, after the finals of the previous season. Episode 2 (Sept. 20) Episode 3 (Sept. 26) Episode 4 (Sept. 27) Episode 5 (Oct. 3) Episode 6 (Oct. 4) This episode covered the Best of the Blind Auditions and a sneak peek of the next stage of competition, the Battle Rounds. The Battles The Battles round started with episode 7 and ended with episode 10 (broadcast on October 10, 11, 17, 18, 2016). Season eleven's advisors include: Sammy Hagar for Team Adam, Joan Jett for Team Miley, Charlie Puth for Team Alicia and Bette Midler for Team Blake. As like previous seasons, each coaches can steal two losing artists from another coach. Color key: The Knockouts For the Knockouts, Tim McGraw and Faith Hill were assigned as partner husband-and-wife duo mentors together for contestants in all four teams. Like previous Knockouts, each coaches can each steal one losing artist. The top 20 artists will then move on to the \"Live Shows.\" Color key: Live shows Color key: Week 1: Live Playoffs (Nov. 7) For the first time in The Voice history, playoff results were", "title": "The Voice (American TV series) season 11" }, { "docid": "596134", "text": "My Mother's Keeper is a 1985 memoir by B. D. Hyman, the daughter of actress Bette Davis, in which she alleges that Davis was a bullying, alcoholic mother. Overview My Mother's Keeper is often compared to the 1978 book Mommie Dearest by Christina Crawford, the daughter of Bette's off-screen rival, Joan Crawford. Published after Crawford's book, My Mother's Keeper depicts Davis as a self-centered, emotionally manipulative alcoholic. Unlike Crawford, Hyman does not accuse her mother of any physical abuse. Indeed, she claims Davis was a battered wife and says Davis's husband, Gary Merrill, was a violent alcoholic. Unlike Crawford's book, which was published after the death of its subject, Hyman's book and a sequel titled Narrow Is the Way were published during Davis's lifetime. Reception Gary Merrill called Hyman's motivation \"cruelty and greed\". Davis's adopted son, Michael Merrill, severed contact with Hyman and never spoke to her again, as did Davis, who disinherited her. Davis left her estate to Michael Merrill and her assistant, Kathryn Sermak. Davis's only public response to the allegations was an open letter to Hyman in her 1987 memoir, This 'N That, in which she wrote in part, \"Your book is a glaring lack of loyalty and thanks for the very privileged life I feel you have been given. If my memory serves me right, I’ve been your keeper all these many years.\" References External links Contemporary Book Review 1980s controversies in the United States 1985 non-fiction books Show business memoirs Books about actors Bette Davis William Morrow and Company books", "title": "My Mother's Keeper" }, { "docid": "612068", "text": "Alfred Molina (born Alfredo Molina; 24 May 1953) is a British actor. He is known for his leading roles and character actor roles on the stage and screen. In a career spanning over five decades he has received a Drama Desk Award as well as nominations for two BAFTA Awards, a British Independent Film Award, an Independent Spirit Award, five Screen Actors Guild Awards, and three Tony Awards. He first rose to prominence in the West End, earning a nomination for the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Newcomer in a Play for his performance in the production of Oklahoma! in 1980. He received Tony Award nominations for his roles on Broadway playing Yvan in Art (1998), Tevye in Fiddler on the Roof (2004), and Mark Rothko in Red (2009). He returned to Broadway playing Professor Serebryakov in a revival of Uncle Vanya (2024). On film, he made his debut as Satipo in Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981). He went on to receive two BAFTA Award nominations for his roles as Diego Rivera in Frida (2002), and Jack Mellor in An Education (2009). His other notable films include Prick Up Your Ears (1987), Enchanted April (1992), Boogie Nights (1997), Chocolat (2000), Luther (2003), The Da Vinci Code (2006), and Love Is Strange (2014). He has voiced characters in Rango (2011), Monsters University (2013), Ralph Breaks the Internet (2018), and Frozen II (2019). He is also known for his portrayal of Otto Octavius / Doctor Octopus in Sam Raimi's Spider-Man 2 (2004) and the Marvel Cinematic Universe film Spider-Man: No Way Home (2021). On television, Molina has received two nominations for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Limited or Anthology Series or Movie for his roles as Ben Weeks in the HBO movie The Normal Heart (2014), and Robert Aldrich in the FX miniseries Feud: Bette and Joan (2017). His other notable television credits include Meantime (1983), Murder on the Orient Express (2001), and Three Pines (2022). Early life and education He was born Alfredo Molina in the Paddington district of London. His parents were both immigrants: his Spanish father was a waiter, and his Italian mother worked as a cleaner. Molina grew up in a working-class district in Notting Hill that was inhabited by many other immigrant families. He attended Cardinal Manning secondary modern Roman Catholic school there. He decided to become an actor after seeing Spartacus at the age of nine, and attended the Guildhall School of Music and Drama, as well as auditioning for and becoming a member of the National Youth Theatre. Molina admitted in May 2024 that his father was disappointed in him for pursuing a career in acting. At the age of 21, he changed his name to Alfred, at the urging of his first agent. Career 1978–1989: Early work Molina appeared with Leonard Rossiter in the sitcom The Losers (1978). He made his film debut with a minor role alongside Harrison Ford in Steven Spielberg's adventure film Raiders of the", "title": "Alfred Molina" }, { "docid": "56266608", "text": "20th CDG Awards February 20, 2018 Contemporary: I, Tonya Period: The Shape of Water Sci-Fi/Fantasy: Wonder Woman The 20th Costume Designers Guild Awards, honoring the best costume designs in film and television for 2017, took place on February 20, 2018. The nominees were announced on January 10, 2018. Winners and nominees Film Excellence in Contemporary Film I, Tonya — Jennifer Johnson Get Out — Nadine Haders Kingsman: The Golden Circle — Arianne Phillips Lady Bird — April Napier Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri — Melissa Toth Excellence in Period Film The Shape of Water — Luis Sequeira Dunkirk — Jeffrey Kurland The Greatest Showman — Ellen Mirojnick Murder on the Orient Express — Alexandra Byrne Phantom Thread — Mark Bridges Excellence in Sci-Fi/Fantasy Film Wonder Woman — Lindy Hemming Beauty and the Beast — Jacqueline Durran Blade Runner 2049 — Renée April Star Wars: The Last Jedi — Michael Kaplan Thor: Ragnarok — Mayes C. Rubeo Television Excellence in Contemporary Television The Handmaid's Tale — Ane Crabtree American Horror Story: Cult — Sarah Evelyn Bram Big Little Lies — Alix Friedberg Grace and Frankie — Allyson B. Fanger The Young Pope — Luca Canfora and Carlo Poggioli Excellence in Period Television The Crown — Jane Petrie Feud: Bette and Joan — Lou Eyrich GLOW — Beth Morgan The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel — Donna Zakowska Stranger Things — Kim Wilcox Excellence in Sci-Fi/Fantasy Television Game of Thrones'' — Michele Clapton Black Mirror: USS Callister — Maja Meschede Once Upon a Time — Eduardo Castro and Dan Lester Sleepy Hollow — Mairi Chisholm Star Trek: Discovery — Gersha Phillips Short Form Excellence in Short Film Design P!nk: \"Beautiful Trauma\" Music Video — Kim Bowen Assassin's Creed: \"I Am\" Commercial — Patrik Milani Elton John feat. Marilyn Manson: \"Tiny Dancer\" Music Video — Sara Sensoy and Dawn Ritz Katy Perry: \"Chained to the Rhythm\" Music Video — B. Ăkerlund Miu Miu: Women's Tales #14: The End of History Illusion'' — Mindy Le Brock Career Achievement Award Joanna Johnston Spotlight Award Kerry Washington Distinguished Collaborator Award Guillermo del Toro Hall of Fame John Mollo Distinguished Service Award Maggie Schpak References Costume Designers Guild Awards 2018 film awards 2018 television awards 2017 guild awards 2017 in fashion 2017 in American cinema 2017 in American television", "title": "Costume Designers Guild Awards 2017" }, { "docid": "6369452", "text": "That Old Feeling is a 1997 American romantic comedy film directed by Carl Reiner, his final film as director before his death in 2020. It stars Bette Midler and Dennis Farina. Plot Molly de Mora (Paula Marshall) invites her divorced parents (Bette Midler and Dennis Farina) to her wedding, where they see each other for the first time in 14 years. During the reception a shouting match between the two ensues. Following this, their spark is rekindled. Over the next few days they fall in love again and run off together, thereby upsetting the newlyweds' honeymoon and their respective (current) spouses. If the scandal was made public it would be more controversial than usual, since the bride's husband hopes to stand for election to Congress. After searching for her parents and getting to know Joey Donna (Danny Nucci), her mother's number one paparazzi nicknamed \"The Cockroach\", whom she hires to help her find them, Molly decides that her parents deserve a chance to be together and gives them her honeymoon to Hawaii. When Keith objects to her decision, it is revealed that he slept with her stepmother. Knowing now that her marriage was a mistake, Molly runs off with Joey as her parents run off to Hawaii. Cast Bette Midler as Lilly Leonard Dennis Farina as Dan de Mora Paula Marshall as Molly de Mora Gail O'Grady as Rowena David Rasche as Alan James Denton as Keith Marks Danny Nucci as Joey Donna Blu Mankuma as Piano Player Jayne Eastwood as Aunt Iris Michael J. Reynolds as Senator Marks Joan Luchak as Senator Marks' Wife Lula Franklin as Granny Tapper Mike Wilmot as Man at Wedding George Hevenor as Bandleader Arlene Meadows as Inn Proprietress Don Allison as Desk Clerk Ian D. Clark as Rufus David Huband as Cop Tony Craig as Cop Kim Bourne as Waitress Cara Chisholm as Waitress Production It was written by Leslie Dixon, who also wrote Bette Midler's 1987 film Outrageous Fortune. Dixon came up with the idea for That Old Feeling in the early 1990s, after watching her own divorced parents act friendly to each other. She specifically had Midler in mind, who liked the original spec script, but was locked into an exclusive contract with Disney at the time. Because of this, Dixon had to wait several years for Midler to become available before she could proceed with the project. When Dennis Farina got cast as Midler's husband, she rewrote his character as a crime novelist, in order to accommodate his gruff persona. Paula Marshall and Danny Nucci, whose characters hook up at the end of the film, both ended up divorcing their spouses in 1998, and married each other in October 2003. Release and reception That Old Feeling met with mixed reviews from critics, with a 43% \"Rotten\" rating on Rotten Tomatoes, however 60% of fans like it. The film opened at #4 at the North American box office during April 1997, making $5.1 million USD in its opening weekend. Lawrence Van", "title": "That Old Feeling (film)" }, { "docid": "150996", "text": "Catherine Zeta-Jones (; born 25 September 1969) is a Welsh actress. Recognised for her versatility, she has received various accolades, including an Academy Award, a British Academy Film Award, and a Tony Award. In 2010, she was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) for her film and humanitarian work. Born and raised in Swansea, Zeta-Jones aspired to be an actress from a young age. As a child, she played roles in the West End productions of the musicals Annie and Bugsy Malone. She studied musical theatre at the Arts Educational Schools, London, and made her stage breakthrough with a leading role in a 1987 production of 42nd Street. Her screen debut came in the unsuccessful French-Italian film 1001 Nights (1990), and she went on to find greater success as a regular in the British television series The Darling Buds of May (1991–1993). Dismayed at being typecast as the token pretty girl in British films, Zeta-Jones relocated to Los Angeles. She established herself in Hollywood with roles that highlighted her sex appeal, such as in the action film The Mask of Zorro (1998) and the heist film Entrapment (1999). Zeta-Jones received critical acclaim for her performances as a vengeful pregnant woman in Traffic (2000) and a murderous singer in the musical Chicago (2002), winning the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for the latter. She starred in high-profile films for much of the decade, including the black comedy Intolerable Cruelty (2003), the heist film Ocean's Twelve (2004), the comedy The Terminal (2004), and the romantic comedy No Reservations (2007). Parts in smaller-scale features were followed by a decrease in workload, during which she returned to the stage and played an ageing actress in a Broadway production of A Little Night Music (2009), winning a Tony Award. Zeta-Jones worked intermittently in the subsequent decades, starring in the films Side Effects (2013), Red 2 (2013) and Dad's Army (2016). She took on supporting roles in television, portraying Olivia de Havilland in Feud: Bette & Joan (2017) and Morticia Addams in Wednesday (2022–present). Aside from acting, Zeta-Jones is a brand endorser and supports various charitable causes. Her struggle with depression and bipolar II disorder has been well documented by the media. She is married to actor Michael Douglas, with whom she has two children. Early life and initial stage career Catherine Zeta Jones was born on 25 September 1969 in Swansea, South Wales, to David Jones, the owner of a sweet factory, and his wife Patricia (née Fair), a seamstress. Her father is Welsh and her mother is of Irish Catholic descent. She was named after her grandmothers, Zeta Jones (derived from the name of a ship that her great-grandfather sailed on) and Catherine Fair. She has an older brother, David, and a younger brother, Lyndon, who worked as a sales representative before venturing into film production. She was raised in the Mumbles district of Swansea. Because Zeta-Jones was a hyperactive child, her mother sent her to the Hazel Johnson", "title": "Catherine Zeta-Jones" }, { "docid": "63287335", "text": "Alexis Martin Woodall (born June 30, 1980) is an American producer, executive producer and the president of Ryan Murphy Productions. Woodall has won three Primetime Emmy Awards for her producing work on The Normal Heart, American Crime Story: The People V. O.J. Simpson and American Crime Story: The Assassination of Gianni Versace. She has also won two Golden Globe Awards for executive producing The People V. O.J. Simpson and The Assassination of Gianni Versace. Early life and education Woodall was born and raised in Atlanta, Georgia. She moved to Aurora, Colorado at nine years old and graduated from Cherry Creek High School. She attended the University of Colorado Boulder for her Bachelor of Arts in film studies and Bachelor of Fine Arts in film production. Career After graduating from the University of Colorado Boulder, Woodall moved to Los Angeles and was hired as a post-production assistant on Ryan Murphy's show Nip/Tuck. She was soon promoted to associate producer and eventually producer in Nip/Tuck's final season. After Nip/Tuck concluded, Woodall continued working with Murphy as a producer on his new television series Glee, American Horror Story, and The New Normal, as well as his film The Normal Heart. In 2015, Woodall was promoted to executive producer and has served in that capacity on Scream Queens, Feud, Pose, American Horror Story, American Crime Story, 9-1-1, its spinoff series 9-1-1: Lone Star, as well as The Politician, Hollywood, Ratched, and the upcoming Halston and Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story. She also served as executive producer on the documentary A Secret Love and as producer on upcoming film adaptation of the Broadway musical The Prom. Woodall has won three Emmys for her work on The Normal Heart, American Crime Story: The People V. O.J. Simpson and American Crime Story: The Assassination of Gianni Versace, with a total of twelve nominations including Pose, Feud: Bette and Joan, American Horror Story and Glee. Additionally, Woodall has garnered six Golden Globe nominations for The Politician, Feud, American Horror Story, The Normal Heart, The People V. O.J. Simpson and The Assassination of Gianni Versace, the latter two of which won in 2017 and 2019, respectively. Personal life Woodall and her husband Dave run a restaurant in Los Angeles called Red Herring. She also plays the keyboard, tambourine, and used to sing back-up vocals in an indie band called Kissing Cousins. References External links Living people 1980 births University of Colorado Boulder alumni Primetime Emmy Award winners Television producers from Georgia (U.S. state) American women television producers Golden Globe Award winners 21st-century American women Cherry Creek High School alumni", "title": "Alexis Martin Woodall" }, { "docid": "43918916", "text": "Riverboat Rhythm is a 1946 American comedy film directed by Leslie Goodwins and written by Charles E. Roberts. The film stars Leon Errol, Glenn Vernon, Walter Catlett, Joan Newton, Marc Cramer, and Jonathan Hale. The film was released on February 13, 1946, by RKO Radio Pictures. Plot Matt Lindsay is the owner of a broken-down showboat, perpetually one small step ahead of his creditors and the law. At one point, he disguises himself as Col. Witherspoon, a con artist he'd met earlier, only to find himself in the middle of a blood feud with Col. Beeler, who aims to settle things once and for all—with a pistol. Cast Leon Errol as Matt Lindsay Glenn Vernon as John Beeler Walter Catlett as Colonel Jeffrey \"Smitty\" Witherspoon Marc Cramer as Lionel Beeler Jonathan Hale as Colonel Edward Beeler Joan Newton as Midge Lindsay Emory Parnell as Sheriff Martin Harry Harvey, Sr. as Ezra Beeler Florence Lake as Penelope Beeler Witherspoon Dorothy Vaughan as Belle Crowley Ben Carter as Benjamin Mantan Moreland as Mantan Frankie Carle and His Orchestra Production Riverboat Rhythm was originally conceived in September 1944 as a vehicle for its juvenile musical-comedy team of Glenn Vernon and Marcy McGuire. When RKO suddenly released McGuire, Vernon suggested his erstwhile Broadway co-star Joan Newton to fill McGuire's role. The project was retooled as a Leon Errol comedy along the lines of his Mexican Spitfire features, with Spitfire veterans Charles E. Roberts and Leslie Goodwins writing and directing, respectively. Errol joined the cast in May 1945 as \"Matt Lindsay,\" the familiar character he'd played in the Spitfire comedies, and the script gave him opportunities for mistaken-identity masquerades (a Spitfire hallmark). References External links 1946 films American black-and-white films RKO Pictures films Films directed by Leslie Goodwins American comedy films 1946 comedy films 1940s English-language films 1940s American films", "title": "Riverboat Rhythm" }, { "docid": "20149505", "text": "The Hard Way is a 1943 Warner Bros. musical drama film starring Ida Lupino, Dennis Morgan, and Joan Leslie. Directed by Vincent Sherman, it is based on a story by Irwin Shaw which was reportedly based on Ginger Rogers' relationship with her first husband Jack Pepper (whom she married in 1928 at age 17) and her mother Lela. Plot Helen Chernen (Ida Lupino) is an ambitious woman, determined to escape poverty in a dirty steel town. She pushes her younger sister Katie (Joan Leslie) into a marriage with singer/dancer Albert Runkel (Jack Carson). Katie has no interest in the man, but she is desperate for a better life. Runkel's partner Paul Collins (Dennis Morgan) realizes Helen's deeper intentions and tries to stop her from breaking Runkel's heart. Once risen into wealthier surroundings, Helen tries to make a start on Katie's career. After showcasing her in Runkel's act, she is able to put her in a Broadway production. Katie soon becomes a successful singer and actress, and Collins and Runkel's act flounders. Runkel can't bear being away from his wife on tour and refuses to live off her earnings or even use his wife's name to promote himself. He eventually commits suicide. Meanwhile, Katie's popularity goes to her head, and she becomes a wild party girl, losing an important opportunity. She later meets with Paul, who is now a successful band leader. He falls in love with her, and they start a relationship. However, Katie is forced to choose between him and appearing in Helen's first play. She chooses the play over Paul, who has asked her to marry him, and he leaves. Before the play, Paul comes to see Katie to wish her luck, but Helen runs him off and the sisters fight over the motivation for Katie's success. During the play, Katie forgets lines and has to be cued several times before collapsing in the middle of the production. Later that evening, after recovering, Katie tells Helen that she never wants to see her again. Paul appears, and the two profess their love for each other. Cast Ida Lupino as Mrs. Helen Chernen Joan Leslie as 'Katie' Blaine Dennis Morgan as Paul Collins Jack Carson as Albert Runkel Gladys George as Lily Emery Faye Emerson as Ice Cream Parlor Waitress Paul Cavanagh as John \"Jack\" Shagrue Dolores Moran as Young Blonde (uncredited) Emory Parnell as Policeman (uncredited) Leona Maricle as Laura Britton (uncredited) Production Both Bette Davis and Ginger Rogers initially were offered the role of Helen, but both declined. Ida Lupino was cast. Irwin Shaw wanted Howard Hawks or William Wyler to direct the film, but because they were busy with other projects, producer Jerry Wald hired Vincent Sherman. Portions of a documentary film by Pare Lorentz were used to represent the mining town of Green Hill. To achieve a more realistic feel during the scenes that took place in Green Hill, neither Lupino nor Leslie wore makeup. The film's first and last scenes were added at Jack", "title": "The Hard Way (1943 film)" }, { "docid": "14566842", "text": "Bullets or Ballots is a 1936 American gangster film starring Edward G. Robinson, Joan Blondell, Barton MacLane, and Humphrey Bogart. Robinson plays a police detective who infiltrates a crime gang. This is the first of several films featuring both Robinson and Bogart. Robinson's character, Johnny Blake, was based on Johnny Broderick, a New York City detective. Plot Detective Johnny Blake is a New York City cop who has made his reputation by cracking down on racketeers. When Blake gets kicked off the force, a powerful crime boss named Al Kruger hires him in an attempt to gain fresh ideas about sidestepping the law and expanding his criminal empire. Masterminding the mob are three very powerful bankers, who are only known by the crime boss. Blake soon gains Kruger's trust and rises through the ranks of the criminal organization, much to the distaste of Bugs Fenner, who believes Blake to be a police informer. To compensate for a reduction in the mob's revenue, Blake suggests to Kruger that they go into the numbers racket, currently run on a small scale by Blake's girlfriend, Lee Morgan. Kruger follows Blake's proposal, and the mob's money flow is so great that Kruger ignores the other rackets. In reality, Blake is cooperating with Captain Dan McLaren in order to find the leaders of the crime ring. With Blake's information, the police engage in a series of raids on the crime syndicate's operations. Fenner, unhappy with the focus of the rackets, kills Kruger in an attempt to take over as the head of the mob. But Blake has already been granted the title as boss by the leaders, and he takes over control, meeting up with the three bankers. When Fenner's produce racket gets raided by the police and Blake is seen as the fingerman by a spotter, Fenner attempts to kill Blake, while he waits to deliver money to the bankers. During a gun battle, Fenner is killed and Blake is mortally wounded. He is able to arrive at the bank, leading McLaren to the bankers, who are subsequently arrested. Cast Edward G. Robinson as Detective Johnny Blake Joan Blondell as Lee Morgan Barton MacLane as Al Kruger Humphrey Bogart as Nick \"Bugs\" Fenner Frank McHugh as Herman McCloskey Joe King as Captain Dan \"Mac\" McLaren (credited as Joseph King) Dick Purcell as Ed Driscoll (credited as Richard Purcell) George E. Stone as Wires Kagel Joseph Crehan as Grand Jury Spokesman Henry O'Neill as Ward Bryant Henry Kolker as Mr. Hollister Gilbert Emery as Mr. Thorndyke Herbert Rawlinson as Mr. Caldwell Louise Beavers as Nellie LaFleur Norman Willis as Louie Vinci Uncredited William Pawley as Crail Ralph Remley as Kelly Frank Faylen as Gatley - pinball racketeer Garry Owen as The Spotter Edna Mae Harris as Lee's maid Production Edward G. Robinson and Humphrey Bogart went on to make four more films together: Kid Galahad (1937) with Bette Davis, The Amazing Dr. Clitterhouse (1938), Brother Orchid (1940) and Key Largo (1948) with Lauren Bacall, Claire", "title": "Bullets or Ballots" }, { "docid": "29985046", "text": "The House of Dampierre played an important role during the Middle Ages. Named after Dampierre, in the Champagne region, where members first became prominent, members of the family were later Count of Flanders, Count of Nevers, Counts and Dukes of Rethel, Count of Artois and Count of Franche-Comté. Guy II of Dampierre, with his wedding with Mathilde of Bourbon, became also lord of Bourbon and founded the House of Bourbon-Dampierre. The senior line of the House came to an end with the death of Margaret III in March 1405. She was succeeded in Flanders, Artois, Nevers and Franche-Comté by her eldest son John the Fearless and in Rethel by her younger son Anthony, which marked the start of the House of Valois-Burgundy. The junior line, springing from a younger son of Guy I reigning in Namur, ended in 1429. The earliest known member of the House of Dampierre is Guy I of Dampierre, great-grandson of Guy I of Montlhéry through his son Milo I of Montlhéry. The members of the House of Dampierre had an antagonistic relation with the House of Avesnes. Origin of the House: feud between Dampierre and Avesnes Baldwin, the first emperor of the Latin Empire of Constantinople, was as Baldwin IX Count of Flanders and as Baldwin VI Count of Hainaut. Baldwin had only daughters and was in turn succeeded by his daughters Joan (reigned 1205-1244) and Margaret II (reigned 1244-1280). In 1212 Margaret II married Bouchard d'Avesnes, a prominent Hainaut nobleman. This was apparently a love match, though it was approved by Margaret's sister Joan, who had herself recently married. The two sisters subsequently had a falling-out over Margaret's share of their inheritance, which led Joan to attempt to get Margaret's marriage dissolved. She alleged that the marriage was invalid, and without much inspection of the facts of the case Pope Innocent III condemned the marriage, though he did not formally annul it. Bouchard and Margaret continued as a married couple, having 3 children, as their conflict with Joan grew violent and Bouchard was captured and imprisoned in 1219. He was released in 1221 on the condition that the couple separate and that Bouchard get absolution from the pope. While he was in Rome, Joan convinced Margaret to remarry, this time to William II of Dampierre, a nobleman from Champagne. From this marriage Margaret had two sons: William II, Count of Flanders and Guy of Dampierre. This situation caused something of a scandal, for the marriage was possibly bigamous, and violated the church's strictures on consanguinity as well. The disputes regarding the validity of the two marriages and the legitimacy of her children by each husband continued for decades, becoming entangled in the politics of the Holy Roman Empire and resulting in the long War of the Succession of Flanders and Hainault. In 1246 king Louis IX of France, acting as an arbitrator, gave the right to inherit Flanders to the Dampierre children, and the rights to Hainaut to the Avesnes children. This would seem", "title": "House of Dampierre" }, { "docid": "6407029", "text": "Thank Your Lucky Stars is a 1943 American musical comedy film made by Warner Brothers as a World War II fundraiser, with a slim plot involving theater producers. The stars donated their salaries to the Hollywood Canteen, which was founded by John Garfield and Bette Davis, who appear in this film. It was directed by David Butler and stars Eddie Cantor, Dennis Morgan, Joan Leslie, Edward Everett Horton and S.Z. Sakall. Plot Two theater producers try to stage a wartime charity extravaganza called Cavalcade of Stars. The egotistical Eddie Cantor has Dinah Shore under contract and will only allow her to appear if he is made chairman of the benefit committee, so he is allowed to take command. Meanwhile, an aspiring singer and his songwriter girlfriend conspire to get into the charity program by replacing Cantor with their lookalike friend, tour bus driver Joe Simpson. Many of Warner Bros.' stars performed in musical numbers, including several who were not known as singers. The show features the only onscreen musical performances by Bette Davis, Errol Flynn, Olivia de Havilland and Ida Lupino. Cast Eddie Cantor as himself/Joe Simpson Joan Leslie as Pat Dixon Dennis Morgan as Tommy Randolph Edward Everett Horton as Farnsworth S.Z. Sakall as Dr. Schlenna Mike Mazurki as Olaf Noble Johnson as Charlie, the Indian Ruth Donnelly as Nurse Hamilton Ralph Dunn as Marty Paul Harvey as Dr. Kirby Guest Stars Willie Best Humphrey Bogart Jess Lee Brooks Jack Carson Ben Corbett Bette Davis William Desmond Olivia de Havilland Errol Flynn John Garfield Alan Hale Sr. Mark Hellinger Ida Lupino Hattie McDaniel Ann Sheridan Dinah Shore Alexis Smith Madame Sul-Te-Wan George Tobias Doodles Weaver Don Wilson as radio announcer Spike Jones and His City Slickers Musical numbers Some are performed as part of the plot and others are heard in rehearsal and benefit performance scenes. \"Thank Your Lucky Stars\", sung by Dinah Shore on Eddie Cantor's radio show. \"My Mama Done Tol' Me\" (better known as \"Blues in the Night\"), sung by John Garfield on Cantor's radio show. \"Now's the Time to Fall in Love\", sung by Cantor on his radio show. \"Hotcha Cornia\", a hot and wild version of \"Otchi Chernye\" (\"Dark Eyes\"), performed by Spike Jones & His City Slickers for their fellow residents in Gower Gulch. \"Ridin' for a Fall\", sung by Dennis Morgan and Joan Leslie (dubbed by Sally Sweetland), with Spike Jones and his band. \"We're Staying Home Tonight...Doing the Patriotic Thing\", sung by Eddie Cantor to a captive audience of his household staff and the hapless producers of the benefit. \"I'm Goin' North\", sung by Jack Carson and Alan Hale Sr. as old-time vaudevillians meeting in a train station; both are bucking the trend toward all things Southern. After several costume changes, they end up in a blizzard, dripping with icicles. \"Love Isn't Born, It's Made\", sung by Ann Sheridan with Joyce Reynolds and a chorus of girls in a sorority bedroom. \"No You, No Me\", sung by Dennis Morgan and Joan", "title": "Thank Your Lucky Stars (film)" }, { "docid": "44569", "text": "Helen Elizabeth Hunt (born June 15, 1963) is an American actress and director. Her accolades include an Academy Award, four Primetime Emmy Awards, and four Golden Globe Awards. Hunt rose to fame portraying newlywed Jamie Buchman in the sitcom Mad About You (1992–1999), which earned her three Golden Globe Awards for Best Actress and four Primetime Emmy Awards for Lead Actress. Hunt won the Academy Award for Best Actress for starring as a single mother in the romantic comedy film As Good as It Gets (1997), and established a film career by starring in Twister (1996), Cast Away (2000), What Women Want (2000), and Pay It Forward (2000). Hunt made her directorial film debut with Then She Found Me (2007). For her portrayal of Cheryl Cohen-Greene in The Sessions (2012), she gained a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. Her other notable films include Bobby (2006), Soul Surfer (2011), and The Miracle Season (2018), and she has directed the film Ride (2014), and episodes of television series, including House of Lies in 2016, This Is Us in 2016, Feud: Bette and Joan in 2017, American Housewife in 2018, and the premiere episode of the Mad About You revival in 2019. Early life Helen Hunt was born in Culver City, California. Her mother, Jane Elizabeth (née Novis), worked as a photographer, and her father, Gordon Hunt, was a film, voice and stage director and acting coach. Her uncle, Peter H. Hunt, was also a director. Her maternal grandmother, Dorothy (née Anderson) Fries, was a voice coach. Hunt's paternal grandmother was from a German-Jewish family, while Hunt's other grandparents were of English descent (her maternal grandfather was born in England), with a Methodist religious background. When she was three, Hunt's family moved to New York City, where her father directed theatre and Hunt attended plays as a child several times a week. Hunt graduated from Providence High School in Burbank, California. She also studied ballet, and briefly attended the University of California, Los Angeles. Career 1970s–1980s Hunt began working as a child actress in the 1970s. Her early roles included an appearance as Murray Slaughter's daughter on The Mary Tyler Moore Show in the 1977 episode “Murray Ghosts for Ted” , as the daughter of George Segal's main character in Rollercoaster (1977), alongside Lindsay Wagner in an episode of The Bionic Woman, an appearance in an episode of Ark II called \"Omega\", and a regular role in the television series The Swiss Family Robinson. She appeared as a marijuana-smoking classmate on an episode of The Facts of Life. In 1982, Hunt played a young woman who, while on PCP, jumps out of a second-story window, in a made-for-television film called Desperate Lives (a scene which she mocked during a Saturday Night Live monologue in 1994), and she was cast on the ABC sitcom It Takes Two, which lasted only one season. In 1983, she starred in Bill: On His Own, with Mickey Rooney and played Tami Maida in the", "title": "Helen Hunt" }, { "docid": "16005290", "text": "American singer Bette Midler has released 13 studio albums, four soundtrack albums, five live albums, one spoken word album, seven greatest hits compilations, four video albums, 39 official singles, nine promotional singles, and 11 music videos. Midler released her debut single \"Do You Want to Dance\" in 1972, which peaked at number 17 on the Billboard Hot 100. Her first album was released the same year, and it managed to sell over 1 million copies in United States being certified platinum by RIAA. After that she released 10 studio albums with Warner Records, the most successful is Some People's Lives, which received gold and platinum certifications in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. After nearly three decades of erratic record sales, Midler was dropped from the Warner Music Group in 2001. Following a reported long-standing feud with Barry Manilow, the two joined forces after many years in 2003 to record Bette Midler Sings the Rosemary Clooney Songbook. Now signed to Columbia Records, the album was an instant success, being certified gold by RIAA. One of the Clooney Songbook selections, \"This Ole House\", became Midler's first Christian radio single shipped by Rick Hendrix and his positive music movement. The album was nominated for a Grammy the following year. After that she released two more albums with Columbia Records, and in 2014 returned to Warner to release her fourteenth studio album, It's the Girls!. As of 2010, Midler has sold over 30 million records worldwide. Albums Studio albums Notes A Some People's Lives was classified as the 36th best-selling album of 1991 in Australia. In Canada, the set became the 60th most selling album in 1990, while in 1991 it scored at number 36 on the End-of-Year chart. Soundtracks Notes B Beaches was classified as the 8th best selling album on the Australian End-of-Year Chart for 1989. C While the Billboard magazine reports Gypsy charted the highest at number 175 in the US, according to AllMusic the soundtrack peaked at No. 183 on Billboard 200. Live albums Spoken word albums Compilations Notes F Experience the Divine: Greatest Hits was classified as the 28th best selling album on the Australian End-of-Year Chart for 1993 and the 43rd for the year of 1994, respectively. G Her 2008 greatest hits set was titled Jackpot! The Best Bette in the US; overseas the compilation was released under the name The Best Bette. Box sets Singles As lead artist Notes H Promotional release of \"Do You Want to Dance\" was issued in Germany as double A-side single, along with song \"Daytime Hustler\". I \"Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy\" was released in Germany and Netherlands as a double A-side SP, along with \"Chapel of Love\". J The single \"Friends\" was issued in the UK only as a promotional single. K \"In the Mood\" as a double A-side single with \"Drinking Again\", only in France and Netherlands. L While in the US \"Strangers in the Night\" was released as a double A-side single together with \"Old", "title": "Bette Midler discography" }, { "docid": "6877820", "text": "Barbara Davis Hyman (née Sherry) (born May 1 1947) is an American author and pastor, the first child of film star Bette Davis. Early life Born May 1, 1947, in Santa Ana, California, she is the daughter of Davis and artist William Grant Sherry (1914–1995), Bette Davis's third husband. Davis and Sherry divorced in 1950. As an infant, B. D. appeared briefly in her mother's film Payment on Demand (1951). Subsequently adopted by actor Gary Merrill, Davis's fourth husband, she was credited as B. D. Merrill for a minor role in What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? (1962), as the neighbor's daughter. Marriage B. D. met Jeremy Hyman (b. 1933 in London), the British nephew of Seven Arts Productions owner Eliot Hyman, on a blind date for the screening of Baby Jane at the Cannes Film Festival, in 1963. The couple married when B. D. was age 16 and Jeremy was 29 with her mother's consent and public support of their marriage. The couple remained married for over 50 years until Jeremy's death in November 2017. They have two sons, Ashley and Justin. Books Hyman wrote two books highly critical of her mother, My Mother's Keeper (1985) and Narrow Is the Way (1987). My Mother's Keeper brought Hyman considerable condemnation for the timing of its publication since Davis was in ill health after suffering a stroke during the book's publication process, even though writing of the book had been completed well before the stroke. My Mother's Keeper chronicled a difficult mother–daughter relationship and depicted scenes of her mother as an overbearing alcoholic. Mike Wallace rebroadcast a 60 Minutes interview he had filmed with Hyman a few years earlier in which she commended Davis on her skills as a mother when she (Hyman) was younger, and said that she had adopted many of Davis's principles in raising her own children. My Mother's Keeper was a best-seller; the second book, however, did not generate the same level of interest. Despite the acrimony of their divorce years earlier, Davis's former husband, Gary Merrill, defended Davis and claimed in an interview with CNN that B. D. was motivated by \"cruelty and greed\". B. D.'s brother through adoption, Michael Merrill, ended contact with B.D., and refused to speak to her again. Bette Davis disinherited B. D. and her grandchildren; her estate was instead divided between her adopted son Michael Merrill and her assistant Kathryn Sermak. Ministry A born-again Christian, Hyman is the head of her own ministry and pastor of her church in Charlottesville, Virginia. She has written three books which were published by her ministry: Oppressive Parents: How to Leave Them and Love Them (1992), The Church is Not the Bride (2000), and The Rapture, the Tribulation, and Beyond (2002). In popular culture Kiernan Shipka portrays a young Hyman in the FX anthology television series Feud (2017), which chronicles the rivalry between her mother Bette Davis and Joan Crawford during the production of their 1962 film What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? Nora Dunn", "title": "B. D. Hyman" }, { "docid": "69292", "text": "Aymon (15 December 1291 – 22 June 1343), nicknamed the Peaceful, was Count of Savoy from 1329 to 1343. Early life Aymon was born in Chambéry. His father was Amadeus V, Count of Savoy, and he was the younger brother of Edward, Count of Savoy. Career In 1321, Aymon oversaw the siege engines at the siege of Corbières. On the death of Amadeus V in 1323, Aymon was lord of Bresse under Edward. As a younger son of a noble family, Aymon had planned on a life in the church. When Edward died in 1329, Aymon was in Avignon at the court of Pope John XXII. In 1329, shortly after becoming count, Aymon established a committee to settle the territorial disputes with his cousin, Amadeus III of Geneva. These disputes had been an ongoing feud between the families for generations, but they were able to resolve them through years of negotiations without resorting back to war. This was how Aymon earned his nickname of 'The Peaceful'. He contested the title Count of Savoy with his niece, Joan of Savoy since Savoy operated under Salic law and had never had a female ruler. Joan with the support of her husband, John III, Duke of Brittany defended Joan's claim. John and Joan had no issue. Eventually, a settlement was reached whereby Aymon obtained the Countship in return for providing a monetary payment to Joan. He spent much of his first few years as count at war with the Dauphin, Guigues VIII of Viennois, continuing a feud which went back for generations in their families. After Guigues was killed besieging La Perrière in 1333, Philip VI of France was able to broker a truce between Aymon and the new Dauphin, Humbert II of Viennois, brother of Guigues. In August 1334, in the buildup to the Hundred Years' War, Edward III of England sent an embassy to Aymon to convince him to join the impending conflict on the side of the English. Aymon declined to commit, as he held lands both in England and in Normandy, so was technically a subject of both kings. In April 1337, Philip sent similar messages on the other side. Aymon replied that he could not go abroad to fight as he still had territorial disputes with the Dauphiné. Philip quickly settled a more lasting peace, as Humbert was trying to sell the Dauphiné. Aymon then led his forces as part of the French war effort from 1339 to 1342. He often fought alongside Amadeus III of Geneva. In 1330, Aymon established a chancellor's office to manage official documents. He financed the expansion of a burial chapel at the Hautecombe Abbey which was constructed from 1331 to 1342. In 1340, he set up judges to specifically handle appeals at a level between the castellans and himself, to ease his workload in such cases. Marriage and Children Prior to his marriage, Aymon also fathered several illegitimate children, who were raised in his household, even after his marriage. These included: Humbert,", "title": "Aymon, Count of Savoy" }, { "docid": "421684", "text": "Vanessa Denae Olivarez (born April 7, 1981) is an American singer, songwriter and actress. She is the vocalist, songwriter, and autoharpist for the country bands Granville Automatic and Mama's Blue Dress, has written songs for the country duo Sugarland, and was in the Top 12 of the second season of the television series American Idol in 2003. Later that year, she released a single, \"The One\", which peaked at number nine on the Canadian charts. In 2004, she played Tracy Turnblad, the lead role in the Canadian version of Hairspray, for which she was nominated for a Dora Award. American Idol Olivarez's friends talked her into auditioning in 2002 for the second season of American Idol. She performed Irene Cara's \"Out Here On My Own\" in the semi-finals. During a following round where contestants write their own numbers, Olivarez impressed the judges with her song \"The Only Thing Special About You Is Me\". She moved into the top 32 contestants of the season. When she reached the top judges she switched to Queen's \"Bohemian Rhapsody\". They compared her to singer and actress Bette Midler. She was in the final twelve and she performed The Supremes' \"You Keep Me Hangin' On\". Soon after she was eliminated from American Idol, she lent her celebrity status to support animals' rights group People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals. She posed naked for their \"I would rather go naked than wear fur\" campaign. The ad was first unveiled in Herald Square in middle of Manhattan and also ran in Atlanta. She also did a benefit for Atlanta Humane Society and The Station nightclub fire. Canada and first singles In 2003, Olivarez was contacted by Canadian songwriter and actor James Collins who brought her to Toronto, Canada, to write and record some new music. Her first single, \"The One\", co-written by Olivarez, James Collins and Dave Pickell, had \"I'm In Love with My Best Friend's Ex\" as a B-side, and reached number nine on Canada's single charts & Top Thirty on the Canadian BDS airplay chart. Another of her songs, \"As Vain As You\" (also co-written with Collins & Pickell), was on the compilation album Girls Night Out 3. She played Tracy Turnblad in the Canadian version of the musical Hairspray. After Hairspray she returned to the United States and joined an Atlanta musical group Butterfly Stitch which released an EP and live album. In May 2005 she appeared in an American Idol theme week on Family Feud. Granville Automatic In 2009 she co-founded Granville Automatic, a country duo, with guitarist and songwriter Elizabeth Elkins who is a grand prize winner of the John Lennon Songwriting Contest. They are named after a 19th-Century typewriter, and collaborate to write and perform songs about history. They recorded an eight-song set for an episode of PBS' Sun Studio Sessions (taped at Memphis' Sun Studio) and the digital-only EP Live from Sun Studio is available online. Their self-titled album, Granville Automatic, came out in 2012. Their second album, An", "title": "Vanessa Olivarez" }, { "docid": "25792630", "text": "Joan Fitzgerald, Countess of Ormond, Countess of Desmond (Irish: Siobhán Nic Gearailt) (died 1565), was an Irish noblewoman and heiress, a member of the Old English FitzGerald family, who were also known as the \"Geraldines\". She married three times. Her first husband was James Butler, 9th Earl of Ormond, who had been proposed as a bridegroom for Anne Boleyn in 1522 to settle a dispute over the Ormond title and estates. Her second was Francis Bryan, a courtier and lord justice of Ireland. Her third was Gerald FitzGerald, 14th Earl of Desmond. With her last marriage she brought a period of peace between the FitzGeralds of Desmond and the Butlers, who were hereditary enemies. After her death her widower resumed the old feud by attacking her son Thomas Butler, 10th Earl of Ormond. During her third marriage she carried on an amicable correspondence with Queen Elizabeth I of England, who recognised Lady Desmond's skill in diplomacy, and relied upon her to restore and keep the precarious peace in southern Ireland. Birth and origins Joan was probably born in 1514 in Munster, Ireland. She was the only daughter and heiress of James fitz Maurice FitzGerald by his wife Amy O'Brien. Her father was Earl of Desmond. He is here numbered the 10th, following the second edition of the Complete Peerage, but he is also numbered the 11th. Her father's family were the FitzGeralds of Desmond, a noble cadet branch of the Old English Geraldines, of which the FitzGeralds of Kildare were the senior branch. Her mother was a daughter of Turlough O'Brien, a pre-reformation bishop of Killaloe (died 1525 or 1526), who had not stayed celibate. Her mother's family were the O'Briens of Ara (County Tipperary), a cadet branch of the O'Briens, kings of Thomond. By her father, Joan had two younger illegitimate half-sisters who are listed in her father's article. Father's feuds with neighbours In the 1520s her father fought his neighbours, the lords of Muskerry in County Cork and the earls of Ormond in eastern Munster. He also quarrelled with his uncle Thomas fitz Thomas FitzGerald, called \"the Bald\", who sided with his enemies. In September 1520 or 1521 her father was defeated at the Battle of Mourne Abbey, south of Mallow, County Cork, by the allied forces of Cormac Laidir Oge MacCarthy, 10th Lord of Muskerry, and Thomas the Bald. In December, Muskerry, Thomas the Bald, and Piers Butler, 8th Earl of Ormond, besieged her father unsuccessfully in Dungarvan. Inheritance Joan FitzGerald's father, the 10th Earl, died on 18 June 1529. According to the Dictionary of Irish Biography he died at Rathkeale, County Limerick, most likely in the Castle Matrix. However, according to older sources he died at Dingle and was buried at Tralee. As the only legitimate child, Joan FitzGerald was heir general, but her granduncle Thomas the Bald, her father's enemy, was heir male and succeeded as 11th Earl of Desmond at the age of 75. First marriage and children Joan FitzGerald's first husband was James", "title": "Lady Joan Fitzgerald" }, { "docid": "827506", "text": "Anthony Tyler Quinn is an American actor best known for playing Jonathan Turner on Boy Meets World from 1994 to 1997, a role he later reprised on Girl Meets World. Career Quinn has appeared in numerous TV shows and movies (especially TV movies) in addition to playing Jonathan Turner in Boy Meets World and Girl Meets World, and a recurring role as Randy Thorsen in several episodes of Season 4 of Caroline in the City. In 2011, he played Ron in one episode of Pretty Little Liars. He also played Dexter's dentist in one episode of Dexter in 2008. In 2017, he portrayed Wendell Corey in Feud: Bette and Joan. His other roles include Sam \"The Butcher\" Marchetti in 3rd Rock from the Sun, and Rory Blake and Lt. Tim Truman in Melrose Place. Personal life Quinn married his high school sweetheart Margaret on June 15, 1985. They have two children, a daughter named Andie Tyler and a son named Roman Gabriel. Quinn is a Christian. Partial filmography Angel (1982) - Maloney Airwolf (1984, TV Series) - Everett Peyton Place: The Next Generation (1985, TV Movie) - Joey Harrington Problem Child (1990) - (voice) Working Girl (1990, TV Series) - Sal Pascarella The Chase (1991, TV Movie) - Dale Someone Like Me (1994, TV Series) - Steven Stepjak Boy Meets World (1994–1997, TV Series) - Jonathan Turner Melrose Place (1994-1998, TV Series) - Rory Blake / Lt. Tim Truman Abandoned and Deceived (1995, TV Movie) - Gary Killer: A Journal of Murder (1995) - (voice) JAG (1998, TV Series) - Sergente Giovanni Cade Ask Harriet (1998, TV Series) - Jack Cody / Sylvia Coco 3rd Rock From the Sun (1999, TV Series) - Sam \"the butcher\" Marchetti Caroline in the City (1999, TV Series) - Randy / Randy Thorsen Just Shoot Me! (2000, TV Series) - Brad Diagnosis Murder (2001, TV Series) - Calvin Laird Smuggler's Ransom (2006) - Bill Donley Ghost Whisperer (2008, TV Series) - Mr. Linarcos The Mentalist (2009, TV Series) - Lawyer No Greater Love (2010) - Jeff Baker House M.D. (2010, TV Series) - Eli Morgan A Christmas Snow (2010) - Andrew The New Republic (2011) - Hendrix Pretty Little Liars (2012, TV Series) - Ron Days of Our Lives (2013, TV Series) - Joe Bernardi NCIS (2014, TV Series) - Navy Commander Clarence Daniels Greyscale (2015) - Jonathon Cole Zer0-Tolerance (2017) - Anthony Boyd Girl Meets World (2015-2017, TV Series) - Jonathan Turner Feud: Bette and Joan (2017, TV Series) - Wendell Corey References External links Year of birth missing (living people) Living people Male actors from Connecticut American male film actors American male television actors People from New London, Connecticut 20th-century American male actors 21st-century American male actors", "title": "Anthony Tyler Quinn" }, { "docid": "59405278", "text": "Elizabeth Joan Steinbrenner (née Zieg; August 25, 1935 – December 14, 2018) was an American philanthropist and vice-chair of the New York Yankees baseball team. Early life and education Elizabeth Joan Zieg was born in Mount Vernon, Ohio to a \"wealthy family involved in real estate development\" and attended Upper Arlington High School in Columbus, where she played basketball, football, and hockey. She studied dental hygiene at Ohio State University. Career In 1973, her husband, George Steinbrenner, led a group of investors who bought the New York Yankees baseball team, and she became involved with running the business. She continued to work for the team after her husband's death in 2010. In 1977 Steinbrenner bought the Bay Harbor Inn in Tampa, Florida. In the 1980s, she was vice-chair of the Tampa Bay Downs board of directors, eventually buying and racing horses with her husband under the Kinsman Stables name, and greyhounds under the kennel name Jo-Bett Kennels, with a friend, Betty Hater. Steinbrenner worked with a large number of philanthropic organizations throughout her life, including the Cleveland Orchestra, the Lake Erie Nature and Science Center, Boys & Girls Clubs of Tampa, Tampa Bay Junior Volleyball Club, Children's Home Network of Tampa, the Red Cross of Tampa, the American Cancer Society of Tampa, and the Florida Special Olympics. In Florida, she was state chairwoman for the Special Olympics held there in 1981 and 1982 and sat on the boards of the National Society to Prevent Blindness, the St. Joseph's Hospitals Foundation in Tampa, the Children's Home Network in Tampa and the Florida Orchestra, for which she, along with her husband and the New York Yankees, underwrote productions. In the late 1990s, Steinbrenner and her husband contributed to the renovation of the band room at Ohio Stadium; the room was re-named the Joan Zieg Steinbrenner Band Center in 2001. During the investigation into her husband's dealings with gambler Howard Spira it was revealed that Spira had once taped a conversation with her in which he asked her to pressure her husband into giving him a job or paying him off. Steinbrenner chastised him and told him, \"Howard, I think you need to see a doctor. I really do.\" Steinbrenner was a founding member of Town and Gown, a group that connected the University of South Florida with the Tampa community and was also a founding member of the Henry B. Plant Museum Society. In 2017, St. Joseph's Hospitals Foundation honoured her as a \"Community Hero\" for her work with the hospitals. Personal life On May 12, 1956 she married George Steinbrenner, a businessman, and together they had four children. George died in 2010 at the age of 80, while Joan died on December 14, 2018, at her home in Tampa, Florida. See also Steinbrenner family References 1935 births 2018 deaths American women philanthropists New York Yankees executives People from Mount Vernon, Ohio Ohio State University College of Dentistry alumni 20th-century American businesspeople 21st-century American businesspeople Businesspeople from Ohio 20th-century American businesswomen 21st-century", "title": "Joan Steinbrenner" }, { "docid": "7721980", "text": "The Disappearance of Aimee is a 1976 American made-for-television biographical drama film directed by Anthony Harvey and starring Faye Dunaway as the evangelist Aimee Semple McPherson, co-starring Bette Davis, James Sloyan and James Woods. The film originally premiered as a presentation of Hallmark Hall of Fame on NBC on November 17, 1976. Plot Based on true events, the film attempts to investigate the mysterious disappearance of Aimee Semple McPherson in 1926 and the court case that followed her safe return after she was missing for four weeks. Cast Faye Dunaway as Aimee Semple McPherson Bette Davis as Minnie Kennedy James Sloyan as District Attorney Asa Keyes James Woods as Assistant District Attorney Joseph Ryan John Lehne as Captain Cline Lelia Goldoni as Emma Shaffer Severn Darden as S.I. Gilbert William Jordan as Kenneth Ormiston Mention in Bette Davis Memoir In her memoir This 'n That (1987, Berkley Pub Group), Bette Davis recounted several anecdotes about working on The Disappearance of Aimee. Among them was that her co-star, Faye Dunaway, was one of the most unprofessional people she had ever worked with. Davis stated that Dunaway would show up hours late, not knowing her lines, and being generally difficult. For one of the scenes in the un-air-conditioned tabernacle, over 1800 unpaid extras (locals who had been promised a box lunch and a chance to be in a movie) were left for hours awaiting Dunaway's arrival. When they finally began leaving, Davis rushed to the pulpit and began singing \"I've Written a Letter to Daddy,\" a song from her wildly popular 1962 film What Ever Happened to Baby Jane?. Hearing her, many returned to their seats in the pews. Ironically, Dunaway would portray Davis’s heyday peer and rival, Joan Crawford, in the 1981 cult classic film Mommie Dearest. External links 1976 television films 1976 films 1970s biographical drama films American biographical drama films Drama films based on actual events Aimee Semple McPherson NBC original films Hallmark Hall of Fame episodes Films directed by Anthony Harvey 1970s English-language films 1970s American films", "title": "The Disappearance of Aimee" }, { "docid": "9807480", "text": "The fictional HBO drama series The Wire focused largely on the Baltimore docks in its second season, introducing many new characters to the cast, which include the working stevedores and their families as well as the criminal organization that controls smuggling through the Baltimore docks. Sobotka family The Sobotka family is a Polish American Baltimore family. The head of the family is Frank, a treasurer for the local union. The Sobotkas are hated by Southeastern District commander Stanislaus Valchek who has a long-standing feud with Frank. Frank Sobotka Frank Sobotka was a respected longshoremen's local union leader who became involved with an organized crime smuggling operation in order to finance a political campaign to sustain the docks. Joan Sobotka Played by: Elisabeth Noone Appears in season 2: \"Ebb Tide\" and \"Hard Cases\". Joan is Louis' wife and the two live with their grown son, Nick. Joan bemoans her family's drinking habits and tries to encourage Nick to get as much work as possible at the port. She refuses to make breakfast for him if he is not up in time for work. Nick often has his girlfriend Aimee to stay but hides her visits from his parents. Joan is aghast when the police serve warrants and search her home looking for Nick and find drugs and cash. Louis Sobotka Played by: Robert Hogan Appears in season 2: \"Hard Cases\"; \"Duck and Cover\"; \"Bad Dreams\" and \"Port in a Storm\". Louis is Frank Sobotka's elder brother and Nick's father. Louis was forced to retire early from his trade as a shipwright. He spends his days hypothetically gambling on horses (he never places any money on his bets) and drinking at Delores' bar. He refuses to get involved in the family's smuggling operation. When a warrant is put on Nick for his drug involvement Louis convinces him to turn himself in. Nick Sobotka Played by: Pablo Schreiber Louis and Joan's son and Frank's nephew, Nick is a well-liked young stevedore with extensive family connections to the Baltimore port and links to the criminal underworld. Ziggy Sobotka Ziggy is Frank's son, an impulsive and often reckless young checker, loosely based on Pinkie Bannion, a real life docker in the Baltimore area, at the docks with a desire to prove himself and a respected father to live up to. Dock workers The dock workers are all members of the Baltimore Union of the International Brotherhood of Stevedores. They are also hated by Southeastern District commander Stan Valchek who views them as nothing more than dishonorable thieves stealing anything that comes into the port. Nat Coxson Played by: Luray Cooper Appears in Season 2: \"Ebb Tide\"; \"Collateral Damage\"; \"Hot Shots\"; \"Undertow\"; \"All Prologue\"; \"Backwash\"; \"Stray Rounds\"; \"Storm Warnings\"; and \"Port in a Storm\". Season 5: \"The Dickensian Aspect\" Nat is a bald-headed African-American stevedore who is a union president and is dubious of Frank Sobotka's political maneuvering. Nat is a firm believer that the unions should focus on repairing the disused grain pier before it", "title": "Characters from the docks of The Wire" }, { "docid": "43023478", "text": "Bette Joan Henritze (May 23, 1924 – February 22, 2018) was an American actress of stage, film, and television. She played supporting roles in films like The World According to Garp, The Hospital, Far From Heaven, and Judy Berlin. She was most known for her work in Off-Broadway theatre. In 1967 she received the Obie Award for Best Actress for excellence in Off-Broadway work in the 1966-1967 theatre season. Personal life Henritze was born in Betsy Layne, Kentucky, the daughter of Ada (née Howell; 1905–1983) a secretary, and William Price Henritze (1901-1982), an electrician. She moved to New York City to study theatre at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts and the HB Studio. Theatre She made her Broadway debut in 1948 in Jenny Kissed Me, credited as Bette Howe. In 1950 Henritze was performing with the company at the Barter Theatre in Virginia. As a member of the Phoenix Theatre Company at the Phoenix Theatre in New York City (a now defunct off-Broadway house) she began performing with them in their 1959 production of The Power and the Glory as a peasant woman. She followed this with Lysistrata as Nikodike and in 1960 with performances in Peer Gynt, She Stoops to Conquer, and The Plough and the Stars as Bessie. In 1963, she was in the original cast of the Edward Albee play The Ballad of the Sad Café, starring Colleen Dewhurst. She had made her Off-Broadway debut in 1956 performing in two plays by playwright Seán O'Casey, Purple Dust and Pictures in the Hallway. She also acted in several productions with the New York Shakespeare Festival including The Merchant of Venice, The Winter's Tale, and King Lear. In 1963, she played Mary Todd Lincoln in Abe Lincoln in Illinois at the Phoenix and then at Circle in the Square she played Emilia in Othello in 1964 and various roles in their 1965 production of Baal by Bertolt Brecht. In 1967, Henritze was the only female acting recipient of the Obie Award for Best Actress in Off-Broadway theatre. She received the award after being hailed for her performances in Measure for Measure as Mariana, The Long Christmas Dinner as Ermengarde, Queens of France as Mademoiselle Pointevin, The Displaced Person as Mrs. Shortley, The Rimers of Eldritch as Mary Windrod, and All's Well That Ends Well as Mariana. She followed this in 1968 with the Broadway musical Here's Where I Belong, that closed after one performance. In 1970, she portrayed Anna Ames in The Happiness Cage, later reprising her role in the film version The Happiness Cage. In 1972, she played Ursula in Much Ado About Nothing on Broadway, and performed in the musical Lotta. In 1974, she was in the original Broadway cast alongside Janie Sell and Phyllis Somerville of Over Here!, which was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Musical. In 1978, she played Susan Ramsden in Man and Superman. In 1979, she appeared in the Roundabout Theatre Company production of A Month in the Country, which", "title": "Bette Henritze" }, { "docid": "8947775", "text": "The Bride Came C.O.D. is a 1941 American screwball romantic comedy starring James Cagney as an airplane pilot and Bette Davis as a runaway heiress, and directed by William Keighley. Although the film was publicized as the first screen pairing of Warner Bros.' two biggest stars, they had actually made Jimmy the Gent together in 1934, and had wanted to find another opportunity to work together. The screenplay was written by Kenneth Earl, M. M. Musselman, and twins Julius J. Epstein and Philip G. Epstein. The basic plot owes much to It Happened One Night, in which an heiress seeks to marry a playboy of whom her father disapproves, only to end up with a charming working man. Plot A publicity-hungry broadcaster (Stuart Erwin) promotes the elopement between Joan Winfield (Bette Davis), the daughter of a Texas oil tycoon, and band leader Alan Brice (Jack Carson). Steve Collins (James Cagney), whose plane has been chartered to fly them to Las Vegas for their wedding, phones Joan's father Lucius (Eugene Pallette), and offers to prevent the marriage and deliver her to him in return for enough money to get out of debt and save his plane. He promises to deliver his daughter to him the next morning, unmarried, and C.O.D. Steve tricks Alan into getting off the aircraft, then takes off with Joan. When an irate Joan tries to jump out of the aircraft, Steve sees that she has her parachute on backwards and is forced to crash land near the ghost town of Bonanza. The next morning, they encounter the lone resident, \"Pop\" Tolliver (Harry Davenport). Joan escapes into an abandoned mine. When Steve follows her, they are trapped by a cave-in. Steve finds a way out, but hides it from Joan on the advice of Pop. Believing that they are going to die, Joan re-examines her frivolous life with great regret. Steve admits he loves her, but when he kisses her, she tastes food on his lips and realizes he has found a way out. They exit the mine to find that Alan has tracked them down, accompanied by a Nevada judge. Steve does not object when Alan and Joan get married, hiding the fact that Bonanza is in California and therefore the wedding is invalid. The \"newlyweds\" board another aircraft, but when Joan figures out that they are not really married, she parachutes out to be reunited with Steve. They get married with her father's approval and honeymoon in Bonanza. Cast James Cagney as Steve Collins Bette Davis as Joan Winfield Stuart Erwin as Tommy Keenan Eugene Pallette as Lucius K. Winfield Jack Carson as Alan Brice George Tobias as Peewee Dafoe Harry Davenport as \"Pop\" Tolliver William Frawley as Sheriff McGee Edward Brophy as Hinkle Harry Holman as Judge Sobler Chick Chandler as 1st Reporter Douglas Kennedy as 2nd Reporter (credited as Keith Douglas) Herbert Anderson as 3rd Reporter William Newell as McGee's Pilot William Hopper as Keenan's Pilot (credited as DeWolf Hopper) Uncredited Charles Sullivan as", "title": "The Bride Came C.O.D." }, { "docid": "5118999", "text": "Kenny Aaronson (born April 14, 1952, in Brooklyn, New York) is an American bass guitar player. He has recorded or performed with several notable artists such as Bob Dylan, Rick Derringer, Billy Idol, Joan Jett and the Blackhearts, Foghat, Sammy Hagar, Billy Squier, New York Dolls, and Hall and Oates. Since 2015, he has been the bass player for The Yardbirds. Early life and career He started playing drums at the age of eleven, following in his older brother's footsteps. Aaronson switched to electric bass at the age 14 after becoming enamored by the bass on Motown records and was strongly influenced by James Jamerson. As a teenager he played bass for Brooklyn-based hard rock band Dust, which included Marc Bell (a.k.a. Marky Ramone) and Richie Wise, which released two albums in 1971 and 1972 on the Kama Sutra Records label. In 1973, Aaronson joined the New York band Stories, whose single, \"Brother Louie\", reached #1 on the Billboard, Cashbox and Record World charts. From 1976 to 1979, Aaronson played bass for Rick Derringer. Peak success In 1988, Aaronson was named Bassist of the year by Rolling Stone. That year Aaronson also toured with Bob Dylan, but he was forced to leave the tour after developing skin cancer. Aaronson underwent surgery, which was successful in defeating the disease. Aaronson was the bassist in the house band for the MTV Guitar Greats Show where along with Dave Edmunds, Chuck Leavell and Michael Shrieve, he backed up artists such as Steve Cropper, Brian Setzer, Dickey Betts, Link Wray, Neal Schon, Johnny Winter, Lita Ford, Tony Iommi and Dave Gilmour. Kenny also auditioned for the Rolling Stones in 1994. Aaronson has toured and recorded with a variety of artists including Billy Idol, Billy Squier, Foghat, Brian Setzer, Dave Edmunds, HSAS (with Sammy Hagar, Neal Schon, and Michael Shrieve), Mick Taylor, Graham Parker, Hall and Oates, Edgar Winter, Robert Gordon, Leslie West Band, Rick Derringer and Joan Jett among others. Aaronson was a regular member of Jett's backing group the Blackhearts from 1991 to 1995. Aaronson was one of the few Blackheart band members to co-write a track with Jett. The song, \"World of Denial\", was recorded for the 1994 album \"Pure and Simple\" but was not released in the U.S. until 2001's Fit To Be Tied- Great Hits by Joan Jett and The Blackhearts\". Recent work In July 2011, Aaronson supported singer/songwriter John Eddie and played with Corky Laing & The Memory Thieves. Also in 2011, Aaronson recorded with ex Bongo's singer Richard Barone on a tribute album for The Runaways. Aaronson joined the New York Dolls and toured in the summer of 2011 supporting Mötley Crüe and Poison. More recently, 2014 recorded with Gar Francis of the Doughboys, Kurt Reil of The Grip Weeds and Bruce Ferguson of The Easy Out a self-titled full-length album under the name The Satisfactors. In June 2015 the first single of the album called Johnny Commando reached Top 10 in The Netherlands at Ned.FM Radio. In", "title": "Kenny Aaronson" }, { "docid": "3213906", "text": "Wicked Stepmother is a 1989 American black comedy fantasy film written, produced, and directed by Larry Cohen and starring Bette Davis and Barbara Carrera. It is best known for being the last film of Bette Davis, who withdrew from the project after filming began, citing major problems with the script, Cohen's direction, and the way she was being photographed. Cohen later claimed she really dropped out due to ill health but avoided publicizing the truth for fear it would affect potential future employment. Davis disputed this claim. Synopsis The original plot cast Davis as the title character, a chain-smoking witch named Miranda, who has married Sam while his vegetarian daughter Jenny and son-in-law Steve are on vacation. They return to find their new stepmother has filled their refrigerator with meat and played havoc with their collection of herbs. To explain Davis' absence, the script was rewritten to introduce Miranda's daughter Priscilla, a witch who inhabited Miranda's cat. They both share one existence in human form and while one is human the other must live in the form of a cat the rest of the time. Priscilla takes on a human form while Miranda's spirit inhabits the body of the cat. Priscilla then sets out to defeat Jenny who has figured out that there is something going on. Priscilla uses witchcraft and deception to convince everyone Jenny is wrong. The entire time she refuses to switch bodies with Miranda. Jenny then figures out that they are witches and tries to stop them from ruining her family. The film ends with a hint at a possible sequel. Cast Bette Davis as Miranda Pierpoint Barbara Carrera as Priscilla Pierpoint Lionel Stander as Sam Colleen Camp as Jenny Fisher David Rasche as Steve Fisher Shawn Donahue as Mike Fisher Tom Bosley as Lt. MacIntosh Richard Moll as Nathan Pringle Evelyn Keyes as Witch Instructor James Dixon as Detective Flynn Seymour Cassel as Feldshine Joan Crawford appears in a photo as the deceased wife of Sam and mother of Jenny. The estranged relationship between Jenny and her late mother is a reference to the exposé memoir Mommie Dearest, written by Crawford's adopted daughter, Christina Crawford. Crawford was also known for her feud with Davis during the filming of What Ever Happened to Baby Jane?. Reception Box office Wicked Stepmother was released in the United States on February 3, 1989, and became a box-office bomb, grossing $43,749 in its opening weekend and $70,580 in North America on a budget of $5 million. Critical response A review in Fangoria lambasted Wicked Stepmother, stating that \"this mind-boggingly awful comedy/fantasy offers no laughs, but does provide some of the creepiest moments of half-dead acting ever committed to film\" and \"emerges as the first unmitigated disaster from the usually reliable Cohen and a tarnish on the memory of Bette Davis\". VideoHound's Golden Movie Retriever gave the film one and a half bone out of four in its 1991 edition, but revised it to one later on, concluding that \"Davis's move", "title": "Wicked Stepmother" }, { "docid": "1365584", "text": "Diamonds & Rust is the sixteenth studio album (and eighteenth overall) by American singer-songwriter Joan Baez, released in 1975. The album covered songs written or played by Bob Dylan, Stevie Wonder, The Allman Brothers, Jackson Browne and John Prine. Diamonds & Rust, however, also contains a number of her own compositions, including the title track, a distinctive song written about Bob Dylan, which has been covered by various other artists. An alternate recording of \"Dida\" had appeared on the previous year's Gracias a la Vida. Track listing All songs composed by Joan Baez; except where noted. Side one \"Diamonds & Rust\" - 4:47 \"Fountain of Sorrow\" (Jackson Browne) - 4:30 \"Never Dreamed You'd Leave in Summer\" (Stevie Wonder, Syreeta Wright) - 2:45 \"Children and All That Jazz\" - 3:07 \"Simple Twist of Fate\" (Bob Dylan) - 4:44 Side two \"Blue Sky\" (Dickey Betts) - 2:46 \"Hello In There\" (John Prine) - 3:05 \"Jesse\" (Janis Ian) - 4:28 \"Winds of the Old Days\" - 3:55 \"Dida\" (Joan Baez) – duet with Joni Mitchell - 3:25 Medley: \"I Dream of Jeannie\" (Stephen Foster; arranged by Joan Baez) / \"Danny Boy\" (Frederick Weatherly) - 4:13 Personnel Joan Baez – vocals, acoustic guitar, Moog and ARP synthesisers, arranger Larry Carlton – electric guitar, acoustic guitar, arranger Dean Parks – electric guitar, acoustic guitar Wilton Felder – bass Reinie Press – bass Max Bennett – bass (10) Jim Gordon – drums John Guerin – drums (10) Larry Knechtel – acoustic piano Joe Sample – electric piano, Hammond organ Hampton Hawes – acoustic piano (4) David Paich – acoustic piano, electric harpsichord Red Rhodes – pedal steel guitar Malcolm Cecil – Moog and ARP synthesisers, synthesizer programming Robert Margouleff - synthesizer programming Tom Scott – flute, saxophone, arranger Jim Horn – saxophone Joni Mitchell – vocal improvisation (10) Rick Lotempio – electric guitar (10) Ollie Mitchell – trumpet Buck Monari – trumpet Jesse Ehrlich - cello Carl LaMagna, James Getzoff, Ray Kelley, Robert Konrad, Robert Ostrowsky, Ronald Folsom, Sidney Sharp, Tibor Zelig, William Hymanson, William Kurasch - violin Isabelle Daskoff - viola Technical David Kershenbaum, Joan Baez, Larry Carlton – producer Bernard Gelb - executive producer Rick Ruggeri – engineer Henry Lewy – engineer (10) Ellis Sorkin – assistant engineer Bob Cato – design Irene Harris - photography Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts Certifications References 1975 albums Joan Baez albums A&M Records albums Albums produced by David Kershenbaum Albums recorded at Wally Heider Studios Albums recorded at A&M Studios", "title": "Diamonds & Rust" }, { "docid": "7691451", "text": "Academy Award (also listed as Academy Award Theater) is a CBS radio anthology series, which presented 30-minute adaptations of plays, novels, or films. Dramas in which actors recreated their original film roles included Henry Fonda in Young Mr. Lincoln, Humphrey Bogart in The Maltese Falcon, Cary Grant in Suspicion, Gregory Peck in The Keys of the Kingdom, and Ronald Colman in Lost Horizon. Only six actors recreated their own Oscar-winning roles: Fay Bainter, Bette Davis, Paul Lukas, Victor McLaglen, Paul Muni, and Ginger Rogers. Format Rather than adaptations of Oscar-winning films, as the title implied, the series offered \"Hollywood's finest, the great picture plays, the great actors and actresses, techniques and skills, chosen from the honor roll of those who have won or been nominated for the famous golden Oscar of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.\" With that as a guideline, any drama could be presented as long as the cast included at least one Oscar-nominated performer. For example, Robert Nathan's 1940 novel Portrait of Jennie was not released as a film until 1949. David O. Selznick, having acquired the rights to Nathan's novel in 1944, was spending much time and money in his efforts to bring it to the screen. Thus, Academy Award'''s December 4, 1946, adaptation of Portrait of Jennie, with John Lund and Oscar-winner Joan Fontaine, had a promotional aspect, concluding with host/announcer Hugh Brundage revealing, \"Portrait of Jennie is soon to be a Selznick International picture starring Jennifer Jones and Joseph Cotten.\" Production Frank Wilson scripted the 30-minute adaptations for producer-director Dee Englebach, and Leith Stevens provided the music. Frank Wilson was the script writer. The sound effects crew included Gene Twombly, Jay Roth, Clark Casey, and Berne Surrey. Broadcast The series began March 30, 1946, with Bette Davis, Anne Revere and Fay Bainter in Jezebel. On that first show, Jean Hersholt spoke as president of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, welcoming the E.R. Squibb & Sons pharmaceutical company {\"The House Of Squibb\"} as the program's sponsor. It was an expensive show to produce, since the stars cost $4000 a week, and another $1,600 went each week to the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences for the use of their name in the show's title. This eventually became a factor in Squibb's decision to cancel the series after only 39 weeks. The program initially aired on Saturdays at 7 pm (ET) through June, then moved to Wednesdays at 10 pm. The series ended December 18, 1946, with Margaret O'Brien and one of the series' frequent supporting players, Jeff Chandler (appearing under his real name, Ira Grossel) in Lost Angel. See alsoAuthor's PlayhouseThe Campbell PlayhouseCavalcade of AmericaThe CBS Radio WorkshopThe Cresta Blanca Hollywood PlayersFord TheatreGeneral Electric TheaterHollywood PlayhouseHollywood Star PlayhouseHollywood Star TimeLux Radio TheaterThe Mercury Theatre on the AirThe MGM Theater of the AirScreen Director's PlayhouseThe Screen Guild TheaterStars over HollywoodSuspenseThe United States Steel Hour'' References External links Academy Award article and log Dick Judge episode log Jerry Haendiges Vintage", "title": "Academy Award (radio series)" }, { "docid": "177834", "text": "Ellen Miriam Hopkins (October 18, 1902 – October 9, 1972) was an American actress known for her versatility. She signed with Paramount Pictures in 1930. She portrayed a pickpocket in Ernst Lubitsch's romantic comedy Trouble in Paradise, a bar singer Ivy in Rouben Mamoulian's Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, and the titular character in the controversial drama The Story of Temple Drake. She received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress for the 1935 film Becky Sharp, becoming the first performer nominated for a color picture. She was nominated for a Golden Globe for The Heiress. She co-starred with Joel McCrea in five films. Her long-running feud with actress Bette Davis was publicized for effect. Hopkins later became a pioneer of TV drama. She was considered a distinguished hostess in Hollywood and moved in intellectual and creative circles. Early life Hopkins was born in Savannah, Georgia, to Homer Hopkins and Ellen Cutler. Her early childhood home was located at 321 Whitaker St (since demolished). She was raised in Bainbridge, near the Alabama border. She had an older sister, Ruby (1900–1990). Her maternal great-grandfather, the fourth mayor of Bainbridge, had helped establish St. John's Episcopal Church in the city. Hopkins sang in the choir as a girl. In 1909, she briefly lived in Mexico with her family. After her parents separated, Hopkins moved as a teen with her mother to Syracuse, New York, to be near her paternal uncle, Thomas Cramer Hopkins, head of the geology department at Syracuse University. Hopkins attended Goddard Seminary in Plainfield, Vermont (later renamed Goddard College), and Syracuse University in New York State. Career At age 20, Hopkins became a chorus girl in New York City; she also acted regularly on the stage throughout the 1920s, including in the 1926 stage adaptation of Theodore Dreiser's An American Tragedy. In 1930, she starred on Broadway in the play Ritzy by Sidney Toler. She starred on Broadway in the lead of Jezebel, a 1933 play by Owen Davis. When it was adapted as a 1938 film of the same name, Hopkins was bitterly disappointed that Bette Davis was chosen for the role she had played on stage. This began a feud between them, which the motion picture studios publicized. In 1930, Hopkins signed with Paramount Pictures and made her official film debut in Fast and Loose. Her first great success was in the 1931 horror drama film Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, where she portrayed Ivy Pearson, a prostitute who becomes entangled with Jekyll and Hyde. She received rave reviews, including one from Mordaunt Hall of the New York Times, saying she portrayed Ivy \"splendidly\". Her career ascended swiftly. In 1932, she made her breakthrough in Ernst Lubitsch's Trouble in Paradise, where she proved her charm and wit as a beautiful and jealous pickpocket. During the pre-code Hollywood of the early 1930s, she appeared in The Smiling Lieutenant, The Story of Temple Drake, and Design for Living, all of which were box-office successes and critically acclaimed.", "title": "Miriam Hopkins" }, { "docid": "664949", "text": "Victor Charles Buono (February 3, 1938 – January 1, 1982) was an American actor, comic, and briefly a recording artist. He was known for playing the villain King Tut in the television series Batman (1966–1968) and musician Edwin Flagg in What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? (1962), the latter of which earned him Academy Award and Golden Globe Award nominations. He was a busy actor from his late teens until his death at the age of 43 and, with his large size and sonorous voice, he made a career of playing men much older than he was. Early life and career Buono was the son of Victor F. Buono. His father was a former police officer and bail bondsman who was sentenced to life imprisonment after being found guilty of first-degree murder and conspiracy to commit robbery in 1959. Released on parole after seven years but forced to serve a further sentence due to a previous conviction for bird smuggling, Victor Sr. continued to manage the affairs of his son whilst in prison. Buono started appearing on local radio and television stations, and at age 18 joined the Globe Theater Players in San Diego. The director had confidence in Buono and cast him in Volpone, A Midsummer Night's Dream and other Globe presentations. He received good notices for his various Shakespearean roles and in modern plays such as The Man Who Came to Dinner and Witness for the Prosecution. In the summer of 1959, a talent scout from Warner Bros. saw the heavy-set Buono play Falstaff at the Globe and took him to Hollywood for a screen test. Buono made his first network TV appearance playing the bearded poet Bongo Benny in an episode of 77 Sunset Strip. Over the next few years, he played menacing heavies in series on TV and appeared on The Untouchables. After appearing in a few uncredited film roles, he was cast by director Robert Aldrich in the psychological horror film What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? (1962). The film starred Bette Davis and Joan Crawford and Buono played the hapless musical accompanist Edwin Flagg, a performance for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor and the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture. Noteworthy film roles Shortly after What Ever Happened to Baby Jane?, Buono appeared in Hush...Hush, Sweet Charlotte (1964) as Big Sam Hollis, the father of Bette Davis, who played the title role. The film was also directed by Aldrich. In the Biblical epic The Greatest Story Ever Told (1965), Buono portrayed the High Priest Sorak, and in The Strangler, a film based on the actual Boston Strangler Murders of the time, he portrayed Leo Kroll. He also appeared in 4 for Texas (1963), Robin and the 7 Hoods (1964), The Silencers (1966), Who's Minding the Mint? (1967), Target: Harry (1969), Beneath the Planet of the Apes (1970), The Mad Butcher (1972) and The Evil (1978) as the Devil himself, clad in a white", "title": "Victor Buono" }, { "docid": "14405752", "text": "Bunny O'Hare is a 1971 American comedy film directed by Gerd Oswald, starring Bette Davis and Ernest Borgnine. The screenplay by Coslough Johnson and Stanley Z. Cherry focuses on a pair of senior citizens who, disguised as hippies, engage in a crime spree. Plot The title character, a widow whose savings have been depleted by her selfish, middle-aged children, Lulu and Ad, finds herself homeless when the bank forecloses on her mortgage. She becomes friendly with Bill Green, an aging itinerant salvaging the house's plumbing, who she soon discovers is really fugitive bank robber William Gruenwald. Hoping to recoup her losses from the bank that took her home, Bunny blackmails Bill into teaching her how to rob the institution in exchange for keeping his identity a secret. She wears a long blonde wig, oversized hat, and sunglasses, while he dons a fake beard, leather vest, and bell-bottom pants, and the two pull off the caper and escape on a 250cc Triumph TR25W Trophy motorcycle. Buoyed by their success, Bunny convinces Bill to join her in more heists, and the different modus operandi they use – setting free a canary to distract the guard, setting off smoke bombs – make it difficult for police lieutenant Horace Greeley and criminologist R. J. Hart to profile their suspects. Cast Bette Davis as Bunny O'Hare Ernest Borgnine as Bill Green Jack Cassidy as Lieutenant Greeley Jay Robinson as John C. Rupert Joan Delaney as R. J. Hart John Astin as Ad Reva Rose as Lulu Production The working titles for the film were Bunny and Claude, Bunny, Betty and Claude, and Bunny and Billy. The film marked the second on-screen pairing of Bette Davis and Ernest Borgnine, who co-starred in The Catered Affair in 1956. The American International Pictures release was filmed partially on location in Belen and Albuquerque. New Mexico Governor David F. Cargo made a cameo appearance as a state trooper. The film led to two lawsuits for American International Pictures. Davis, who had script approval, was upset with changes made in editing. Davis had insisted on using an expletive in the film that would have garnered an R rating, so Samuel Z. Arkoff hired an actress who did a Bette Davis impression to reloop the dialogue with a less objectionable word. Davis sued the company for loss of income and damage to her career for changing the film into a \"slapstick\" production instead of the \"humorous social commentary\" for which she had signed. The suit eventually was dropped. Writer Cherry sued for $13,400, the balance of his fee, and also asked for 5% of the film's net profits. The outcome is unknown. Soundtrack The soundtrack includes the following vocals: \"Monday Man\", written by Billy Strange and Keith Roberts, performed by Billy Curb \"Right Or Wrong\", written by Mack David and Billy Curb, performed by Billy Curb \"The Ballad Of Bunny O'Hare\", written by Mack David and Billy Curb, performed by Billy Curb Reception Bette Davis was unhappy with the final film", "title": "Bunny O'Hare" }, { "docid": "7498993", "text": "Eduardo Ciannelli (30 August 1888 – 8 October 1969) was an Italian baritone and character actor with a long career in American films, mostly playing gangsters and criminals. He was sometimes credited as Edward Ciannelli. Early life Ciannelli was born in Lacco Ameno, on the island of Ischia, where his father, a doctor, owned a health spa. He studied surgery at the University of Naples, and worked briefly as a doctor, but his love of grand opera and the dramatic stage won out and he became a successful baritone, singing at La Scala and touring Europe. He went to the United States from the Port of Naples as a first cabin saloon passenger on board the steamship San Guglielmo, which arrived at the Port of New York on 19 March 1914. In New York, he appeared on Broadway in Oscar Hammerstein II's first musical Always You and later in Rose-Marie. He appeared in Theatre Guild productions in the late 1920s, co-starring with the Lunts (Alfred Lunt and Lynn Fontanne), and Katharine Cornell. During that period, he appeared in Uncle Vanya, The Inspector General, and The Front Page. In 1935, he played Trock Estrella in Maxwell Anderson's Winterset on Broadway and repeated his performance in the film version (1936). He played Cauchon in Shaw's Saint Joan in 1936, after which he left Broadway permanently, except for one notable occasion when he returned to play in Dore Schary's play The Devil's Advocate in 1961 and receive a nomination for the Tony Award for Best Featured Actor. Career on screen His Hollywood career consists of close to 150 film and television appearances. Notable among these are Marked Woman (1937) with Bette Davis, Strange Cargo (1940) with Joan Crawford and Clark Gable, and perhaps his most famous role, as the fanatical Thuggee guru in Gunga Din (1939) with Cary Grant. In the 1940 serial Mysterious Doctor Satan, he played the eponymous villain, an evil scientist with an army of robots. In the 1950s and throughout the 1960s, he divided his time among Italian films such as The City Stands Trial, directed by Luigi Zampa, Attila (1954) with Anthony Quinn and Sophia Loren, Helen of Troy (1956), appearances in American TV shows such as Climax Mystery Theater, The Time Tunnel, Perry Mason, Alfred Hitchcock Presents, Johnny Staccato, The Detectives Starring Robert Taylor, Dr. Kildare and a few films including Houseboat (1958), The Visit (1964), The Chase (1966) with Marlon Brando, and The Secret of Santa Vittoria (1969), with Anthony Quinn and Anna Magnani. Personal life and death Ciannelli was married to Alma Wolfe from 1918 until her death (1968). They had two sons, Eduardo and Lewis E. Ciannelli, who is also an actor. On 8 October 1969, Ciannelli died in Rome, and was interred in the Cimitero Flaminio. Filmography Selected Television References External links 1888 births 1969 deaths 20th-century Italian male actors 20th-century Italian male singers Burials at the Cimitero Flaminio Deaths from cancer in Lazio Italian expatriates in the United States Italian male film", "title": "Eduardo Ciannelli" }, { "docid": "3988853", "text": "The Joan Crawford filmography lists the film appearances of American actress Joan Crawford, who starred in numerous feature films throughout a lengthy career that spanned nearly five decades. She made her film debut in Lady of the Night (1925), as a body double for film star Norma Shearer. She appeared in several other films, before she made her major breakthrough playing Lon Chaney's love interest in the 1927 horror film The Unknown. Her major success in Our Dancing Daughters (1928) made her a popular flapper of the late 1920s. Her first sound film, Untamed (1929), was a critical and box office success. Crawford would become a highly popular actress throughout the 1930s, as a leading lady for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. She starred in a series of \"rags-to-riches\" films that were extremely popular during the Depression-era, most especially with women. Her popularity rivaled fellow MGM actresses, including Greta Garbo, Norma Shearer, and Jean Harlow. She appeared in eight movies with Clark Gable, including romantic drama Possessed (1931), musical film Dancing Lady (1933), romantic comedy Love on the Run (1936), and romantic drama Strange Cargo (1940), among others. In 1937, she was proclaimed the first \"Queen of the Movies\" by Life magazine, but her popularity soon waned. After her films The Bride Wore Red (1937) and Mannequin (1938) proved to be expensive failures, in May 1938, Crawford – along with Greta Garbo, Katharine Hepburn, Fred Astaire, Kay Francis, and many others – was labeled \"box office poison\"; an actor whose \"box office draw is nil\". Crawford managed to make a comeback in the comedy The Women (1939), opposite an all-star female-only cast. On July 1, 1943, Crawford was released from Louis B. Mayer, due to creative differences, and signed an exclusive contract with Warner Brothers, where she became a rival of Bette Davis. After a slow start with the studio, she received critical and commercial acclaim for her performance in the drama Mildred Pierce (1945). The film earned her an Academy Award for Best Actress. From 1946 to 1952, Crawford appeared in a series of critical and box office successes, including the musical drama Humoresque (1946), film noirs Possessed (1947, for which she received a second Academy Award nomination) and Flamingo Road (1949), drama The Damned Don't Cry (1950), and romantic comedy Goodbye, My Fancy (1951), among others. She received a third – and final – Academy Award nomination for her performance in the thriller Sudden Fear (1952). In 1953, Crawford starred in the musical Torch Song, her final film role for MGM. Her next film, Johnny Guitar (1954), although not originally a hit, has become considered a classic. During the latter half of the 1950s, Crawford starred in a series of B-movies, including romantic dramas Female on the Beach (1955) and Autumn Leaves (1956). In 1962, Crawford was teamed with Bette Davis, in a film adaptation of What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? (1962). The thriller film was a box office hit, and briefly revived Crawford's career. Her final film performance was in", "title": "Joan Crawford filmography" }, { "docid": "7885996", "text": "The article is about the film. For the stage adaptation, see A Catered Affair. The Catered Affair (also known as Wedding Party) is a 1956 American comedy drama film directed by Richard Brooks and produced by Sam Zimbalist from a screenplay by Gore Vidal, based on a 1955 television play by Paddy Chayefsky. The film stars Bette Davis, Ernest Borgnine, Debbie Reynolds, Barry Fitzgerald and Rod Taylor. The Catered Affair marked the first appearance of Bette Davis in a Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer picture. It was also Rod Taylor's first film for MGM after signing a long-term contract with the studio. The film score was by André Previn and the cinematographer was John Alton. Plot Agnes Hurley is a disillusioned housewife, married to Bronx cab driver Tom Hurley, who works for a large taxi fleet. Agnes wants something better for her daughter Jane, while Tom has been saving for many years to purchase a taxi medallion and become self-employed. When Jane announces her engagement to Ralph Halloran, Aggie sees this as an opportunity to have a romantic elaborate wedding, which she never had because they could never afford it. However, Tom protests that they cannot afford it, and Jane is upset by the discord it is causing in the family. The film deals with the ensuing money troubles and conflicts within the family, which also involve Uncle Jack Conlon, who lives with them. The conflict is resolved when Agnes realizes that it is the happiness of her family, rather than the expensive ceremony, that is most important. Plans for the expensive wedding are shelved and Tom gets the medallion and a new taxi. Cast Bette Davis as Agnes Hurley Ernest Borgnine as Tom Hurley Debbie Reynolds as Jane Hurley Barry Fitzgerald as Uncle Jack Conlon Rod Taylor as Ralph Halloran Robert Simon as Mr. Halloran Madge Kennedy as Mrs. Halloran Dorothy Stickney as Mrs. Rafferty Carol Veazie as Mrs. Casey Joan Camden as Alice Scanlon Ray Stricklyn as Eddie Hurley Jay Adler as Sam Leiter Production MGM bought the screen rights in 1955. Ann Blyth was originally announced for the female lead. Debbie Reynolds later said she \"hated making\" the film \"for personal reasons. I like the result and he directed me well but the director made it difficult for me and gave me a hard time.\" She claimed that Brooks hit her in the face and had to be pulled away by the assistant director. Reception According to MGM records, the film earned $947,000 in the U.S. and Canada and $520,000 in other countries, resulting in a loss of $106,000. Critics' reviews were largely negative, with the film holding a 17% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. New York Times critic Bosley Crowther compared the film unfavorably to Marty and said the film lacked \"compassion or appeal.\" He said that was \"partly the fault of the writing, partly the fault of the film and partly the fault of the direction, which is uneven in compass and style.\" Crowther criticized the performances, saying that Davis's", "title": "The Catered Affair" }, { "docid": "14318573", "text": "Jimmy the Gent is a 1934 American pre-Code comedy-crime film directed by Michael Curtiz, starring James Cagney and Bette Davis and featuring Allen Jenkins. It was the first pairing of Cagney and Davis, who would reunite for The Bride Came C.O.D. seven years later. The screenplay by Bertram Millhauser was based on the story \"The Heir Chaser\" by Ray Nazarro and Laird Doyle. Plot The unscrupulous Jimmy Corrigan runs an agency that searches for heirs of those who have died without leaving a will, and often provides phony claimants in order to collect his fee. When his former girlfriend Joan Martin, who left him because of his lack of ethics, accepts a position at the allegedly legitimate firm owned by Charles Wallingham, Corrigan investigates Wallingham's background and discovers his rival is even more crooked than he is. He exposes Wallingham as a phony and promises Joan to go straight if she will come back to him. Cast Production Prior to its release, the film's working titles were Blondes and Bonds and The Heir Chaser. Both Cagney and Davis considered Jimmy the Gent to be a throwaway studio assembly-line quickie film, and neither was happy about the assignment. Cagney had the sides of his head shaved for the film, without the knowledge of either director Michael Curtiz or studio unit head Hal B. Wallis. Curtiz was stunned when he saw the haircut, and Wallis took it personally. Davis did not appreciate it either, and refused to have publicity pictures taken with Cagney. Reception Jimmy the Gent did well at the box office, and the critical response was positive as well. In his review in The New York Times, Mordaunt Hall described the film as \"a brisk, slangy piece of work in which Mr. Cagney is as much of a pepper-pot as ever ... [he] tackles the barbed argot of his lines with speed and force ... Bette Davis is attractive and capable as Joan.\" Variety said, \"Jimmy the Gent ... [is] expert, thorough-going, typically Cagney ... and good for plenty of laughs.\" References External links Still at gettyimages.com 1934 films 1930s crime comedy-drama films American crime comedy-drama films American black-and-white films 1930s English-language films Films directed by Michael Curtiz Warner Bros. films 1934 comedy-drama films Films produced by Robert Lord (screenwriter) 1930s American films Films scored by Bernhard Kaun Films about inheritances", "title": "Jimmy the Gent (film)" }, { "docid": "5578661", "text": "The 35th Academy Awards, honoring the best in film for 1962, were held on April 8, 1963, at the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium in Santa Monica, California, hosted by Frank Sinatra. The year's most successful film was David Lean's Lawrence of Arabia, with 10 nominations and 7 wins, including Best Picture and Lean's second win for Best Director. For his role as T. E. Lawrence, Peter O'Toole received his first of eight career nominations for Best Actor, all unsuccessful; as of the 94th Academy Awards, O'Toole and Glenn Close share the record for the most acting nominations with no wins. To date, Lawrence of Arabia is the only Best Picture winner with no female speaking roles. Although there were bets made on Omar Sharif, and Angela Lansbury receiving awards in the supporting categories, their wins failed to materialize. Arthur Penn's The Miracle Worker earned the rare distinction of winning two acting Oscars (Best Actress for Anne Bancroft and Best Supporting Actress for Patty Duke) without a nomination for Best Picture. The only other film to do this to date was Hud, the following year. Ceremony The Best Actress Oscar occasioned the last act of the long-running feud between Joan Crawford and Bette Davis. They had starred together for the first time in What Ever Happened to Baby Jane?, a surprise hit the previous summer. Davis was nominated for her role as the title character, a faded child star who humiliates the wheelchair-using sister who eclipsed her fame in adulthood, while Crawford was not. Crawford told the other nominated actresses that, as a courtesy, she would accept their awards for them should they be unavailable on the night of the ceremony. Davis did not object as her rival had often done this, but, on the night of the ceremony, she was livid when Crawford took the stage, wearing what was described as a \"radiant smile\", to cheerfully accept the award on behalf of Anne Bancroft, who had a Broadway commitment. Davis believed that Crawford had told other Oscar voters to vote for The Miracle Worker star in order to upstage her. The rekindled animosity between the two resulted in Crawford leaving the cast of Hush...Hush, Sweet Charlotte, a planned follow-up to Baby Jane that began filming the next summer, early in production. Awards Nominations announced on February 25, 1963. Winners in each category are listed first and highlighted with boldface text. Honorary Academy Awards Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award Steve Broidy Presenters and performers Presenters George Chakiris (Presenter: Best Supporting Actress) Wendell Corey (Presenter: Best Foreign Language Film) Joan Crawford (Presenter: Best Director) Bette Davis (Presenter: Writing Awards) Olivia de Havilland (Presenter: Best Picture) Van Heflin (Presenter: Short Subjects Awards) Audrey Hepburn and Eva Marie Saint (Presenter: Best Costume Design) Gene Kelly (Presenter: Best Art Direction) Sophia Loren (Presenter: Best Actor) Karl Malden (Presenter: Best Film Editing) Rita Moreno (Presenter: Best Supporting Actor) Donna Reed (Presenter: Best Cinematography) Ginger Rogers (Presenter: Best Original Score) Maximilian Schell (Presenter: Best Actress) Frank Sinatra (Presenter:", "title": "35th Academy Awards" }, { "docid": "56205131", "text": "The 68th American Cinema Editors Eddie Awards were presented on January 26, 2018 at the Beverly Hilton Hotel, honoring the best editors in films and television. Winners and nominees Winners will be listed first, highlighted in boldface. Film Best Edited Feature Film – Dramatic: Lee Smith – Dunkirk Joe Walker – Blade Runner 2049 Alan Baumgarten, Josh Schaeffer and Elliot Graham – Molly's Game Michael Kahn and Sarah Broshar – The Post Sidney Wolinsky – The Shape of Water Best Edited Feature Film – Comedy or Musical: Tatiana S. Riegel – I, Tonya Jonathan Amos and Paul Machliss – Baby Driver Gregory Plotkin – Get Out Nick Houy – Lady Bird Jon Gregory – Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri Best Edited Animated Feature Film: Steve Bloom – Coco Claire Dodgson – Despicable Me 3 David Burrows, Matt Villa and John Venzon – The Lego Batman Movie Best Edited Documentary Feature: Joe Beshenkovsky, Will Znidaric and Brett Morgen – Jane Aaron I. Butler – Cries from Syria Ann Collins – Joan Didion: The Center Will Not Hold T. J. Martin, Scott Stevenson and Daniel Lindsay – LA 92 Television Best Edited Comedy Series for Commercial Television: John Peter Bernardo and Jamie Pedroza – Black-ish: \"Lemons\" Kabir Akhtar and Kyla Plewes – Crazy Ex-Girlfriend: \"Josh's Ex-Girlfriend Wants Revenge\" Heather Capps, Ali Greer and Jordan Kim – Portlandia: \"Amore\" Peter Beyt – Will & Grace: \"Grandpa Jack\" Best Edited Comedy Series for Non-Commercial Television: Jonathan Corn – Curb Your Enthusiasm: \"The Shucker\" Steven Rasch – Curb Your Enthusiasm: \"Fatwa!\" William Turro – GLOW: \"Pilot\" Roger Nygard and Gennady Fridman – Veep: \"Chicklet\" Best Edited Drama Series for Commercial Television: Andrew Seklir – Fargo: \"Who Rules the Land of Denial?\" Skip Macdonald – Better Call Saul: \"Chicanery\" Kelley Dixon and Skip Macdonald – Better Call Saul: \"Witness\" Henk Van Eeghen – Fargo: \"Aporia\" Best Edited Drama Series for Non-Commercial Television: Julian Clarke and Wendy Hallam Martin – The Handmaid's Tale: \"Offred\" David Berman – Big Little Lies: \"You Get What You Need\" Tim Porter – Game of Thrones: \"Beyond the Wall\" Kevin D. Ross – Stranger Things: \"Chapter Nine: The Gate\" Best Edited Mini-Series or Motion Picture for Television: James D. Wilcox – Genius: \"Einstein: Chapter One\" Adam Penn and Ken Ramos – Feud: Bette and Joan: \"Pilot\" Ron Patane – The Wizard of Lies Best Edited Documentary for Television: Will Znidaric – Five Came Back: \"The Price of Victory\" Lasse Järvi and Doug Pray – The Defiant Ones: \"Part 1\" Inbal Lessner – The Nineties: \"Can We All Get Along?\" Ben Sozanski, Geeta Gandbhir and Andy Grieve – Rolling Stone: Stories from the Edge: \"01\" Best Edited Non-Scripted Series: Tim Clancy, Cameron Dennis, John Chimples and Denny Thomas – VICE News Tonight: \"Charlottesville: Race & Terror\" Rob Butler and Ben Bulatao – Deadliest Catch: \"Lost at Sea\" Reggie Spangler, Ben Simoff, Kevin Hibbard and Vince Oresman – Leah Remini: Scientology and the Aftermath: \"The Perfect Scientology Family\" ACE Golden Eddie Honoree Vince Gilligan", "title": "American Cinema Editors Awards 2018" }, { "docid": "2145582", "text": "A Stolen Life is a 1946 American drama film starring Bette Davis, who also produced it. The film, based on the 1935 novel A Stolen Life by Karel Josef Benes, was directed by Curtis Bernhardt. Among the supporting cast are Glenn Ford, Dane Clark, Peggy Knudsen, Charlie Ruggles, and Bruce Bennett. It is a remake of the 1939 British film Stolen Life starring Elisabeth Bergner and Michael Redgrave. It was nominated for Best Special Effects (William C. McGann; Special Audible Effects by Nathan Levinson) at the 19th Academy Awards, but lost to Blithe Spirit. The second time Davis played twin sisters was in Dead Ringer (1964). Plot Kate Bosworth (Bette Davis) is a sincere, demure artist who misses her boat to an island off New England, where she intends to meet her twin sister Patricia (also Davis) and her cousin Freddie (Charlie Ruggles). She persuades Bill Emerson (Glenn Ford) to take her home in his boat. Later, their relationship grows while she paints a portrait of Eben Folger (Walter Brennan), the old lighthouse keeper, and Kate falls very much in love. Her sister Pat, a flamboyant, man-hungry manipulator, fools Bill when she first meets him by pretending to be Kate. Pat then pursues him on a trip out of town, and when they return, they announce to Kate their intention to marry. A heartbroken Kate focuses on her work with a rude but very talented artist named Karnock (Dane Clark), but rejects his romantic overtures. Bill eventually goes to Chile, allowing Kate to spend some time with her sister, whom she hasn't seen since the marriage. When the two go sailing, a sudden storm washes Pat overboard and she drowns, her sister inadvertently seizing her wedding ring while trying to save her. Kate passes out and is washed ashore in the boat. When she regains consciousness, she is mistaken for Pat. Bill is about to return, so Kate decides to assume her late sister's identity. To her surprise, she learns that Bill is angry at Pat for her many affairs and in no mood to continue the marriage. Cousin Freddie has guessed the truth and insists that Kate must reveal to Bill her real identity. When she does, Bill realizes that Kate is the one he truly loves. Cast Bette Davis as Kate and Patricia Bosworth Glenn Ford as Bill Emerson Dane Clark as Karnock Walter Brennan as Eben Folger Charlie Ruggles as Freddie Linley Bruce Bennett as Jack R. Talbot Peggy Knudsen as Diedre Esther Dale as Mrs. Johnson Clara Blandick as Martha Joan Winfield as Lucy Jack Mower as George (uncredited) Leo White as Waiter (uncredited) Box office According to Warner Bros. records, the film earned $3,222,000 domestically and $1,563,000 foreign. References External links 1946 drama films 1946 films American drama films American black-and-white films American remakes of British films Films scored by Max Steiner Films directed by Curtis Bernhardt Films set in Massachusetts Films about twin sisters Warner Bros. films 1940s English-language films 1940s American films", "title": "A Stolen Life (film)" }, { "docid": "39143591", "text": "Lou A. Eyrich ( ; born New Ulm, Minnesota) is an American costume designer best known for her work in the television series Glee and American Horror Story: Asylum. In 2012, she was awarded a Career Achievement Award in Television from the Costume Designers Guild. In 2010 and 2011, she was nominated for a Primetime Emmy in the Outstanding Costumes for a Series category for her work on Glee, work that was also given awards in 2010, 2011, and 2012 by the Costume Designers Guilde for in the Outstanding Contemporary Television Series. Her work on American Horror Story: Asylum received an award from the Costume Designers Guild in the Outstanding Made for TV Movie or Mini Series category in 2013, and her work on American Horror Story: Freak Show was nominated in the same category in 2015. More recently, Eyrich designed the costumes for the FX series Feud, which depicts the Hollywood rivalry between Joan Crawford and Bette Davis between 1963 and 1978. Eyrich is a survivor of breast cancer. References External links Living people American fashion designers American costume designers American women costume designers People from New Ulm, Minnesota Primetime Emmy Award winners Year of birth missing (living people)", "title": "Lou Eyrich" }, { "docid": "17798781", "text": "I've Got Something to Say is an album released by country musician David Allan Coe. It was released in 1980 on Columbia. Guy Clark, Bill Anderson, Dickey Betts (from The Allman Brothers Band), Kris Kristofferson, Larry Jon Wilson, and George Jones are all featured on this album. Background Although Coe had enjoyed great success as a songwriter and recorded high-quality albums since signing with Columbia in 1974, he had not broken through to the country music mainstream in the way other artists associated with outlaw country movement had. Coe could be his own worst enemy in this respect, alienating the mainstream by hanging out with biker gangs, recording an album of if explicit songs, and falsely claiming he had been on death row for murder. Coe also became embroiled in a feud with pop star Jimmy Buffett, who accused Coe of plagiarising one of his songs. Coe often rubbed many of his peers the wrong way; according to Dan Beck, a Pittsburgh songwriter who was on the scene when Coe first came to Nashville, “In a way, we didn't necessarily take David that seriously. I remember songwriters used to go see him play someplace, and he'd play somebody else's songs and say he wrote it! People used to laugh.” Coe would go on to achieve success, but his last three singles of the 1970s did not chart, and he had not reached the country Top 30 since 1976 when “Longhaired Redneck\" hit #17, as Nashville kept its distance from the tattooed country singer. Recording With the dawn of a new decade, Coe and producer Billy Sherrill set out to reach a wider audience and bring Coe back to the charts by inviting other singers and musicians to take part in the sessions for what would become I’ve Got Something to Say. This collaborative spirit is evident in the song “Hank Williams Junior Junior,” a tribute to the only son of Hank Williams, who overcame his father's shadow and personal demons (including a disastrous fall off a Montana mountain in 1975) to emerge as one of country music's hottest stars. Like Coe, Hank Jr. aligned himself with the outlaw movement and embraced southern rock. The song was written by Bonnie Bramlett and Allman Brothers guitarist Dickey Betts, with Betts playing on the track and Kris Kristofferson on background vocals. Coe also takes another stab at southern rock with \"I Could Never Give You Up (For Somebody Else),” an offering that is disparaged in Thom Jurek's AllMusic review as Coe “impersonating Leon Russell's singing voice and trying to make it a Southern rocker in the tradition of the Allmans, comes out sounding a hell of a lot more like Wet Willie.” Billy Sherrill may have had a hand in corralling George Jones to sing on “This Bottle (In My Hand),” a song Coe wrote that sounds as if it was torn from the pages of Jones's mind. The legendary country singer was in the midst of having his career resurrected with the", "title": "I've Got Something to Say" } ]	[ "Susan Sarandon" ]
train_21988	when did international day of the girl start	[ { "docid": "36853296", "text": "The third season of Next Top Model by Cătălin Botezatu premiered on September 20, 2012. The judging panel for season three remained unchanged. Sixteen contestants were chosen again for this year's competition. The winner of the competition was 22-year-old Ramona Popescu from Bucharest. The international destinations for this season were Mykonos, Paphos, and Cappadocia. Cast Contestants (Ages stated are at start of contest) Judges Cătălin Botezatu Laurent Tourette Liviu Ionescu Mirela Vescan Episodes Episode 1 First aired September 20, 2012 Casting week. The final sixteen contestants are selected by Cătălin to join the competition, but Veronica decides to leave the show to remain in school. The following day, Bianca enters the competition. First call-out: Victoria Cartiră Quit: Veronica Cazac Special guests: Alina Pușcaș, Guido Dolci Episode 2 First aired September 27, 2012 The models receive their makeovers. Later, the girls receive a regulation of top model. The next day the girls take part in the first challenge. At the winner of the first challenge is Andreea. The first photo shoot in this season took place in nature, with Mihai Ștețcu photographing the girls. The theme for the shoot was forbidden fruit. The girls posed with a male model. During the first photo shoot, Silvana was eliminated because of her poor performance, but in the end she got another chance. At panel Denisa, Ramona, Barbara and Bianca had the best photos. Silvana's photo received heavy criticism, as did Sânziana's and Laura's. Sânziana and Silvana found themselves in the bottom two for their poor photos. Cătălin handed the last photograph to Sânziana, resulting in Silvana's elimination. First Call-out: Denisa Ciocoiu Bottom Two: Sânziana Cozorici & Silvana Anghel Eliminated: Silvana Anghel Featured photographer: Mihai Ștețcu Episode 3 First aired October 4, 2012 At the runway challenge, the girls walk in a fashion show wearing dresses designed by Mihai Albu and Cătălin Botezatu. In the next day the girls walk again with a male model in a fashion show by Cătălin, but Cătălin decided that Sânziana, Victoria and Diana Luca did not participate in this catwalk. Cătălin and the girls did made Sânziana's surprise for to cheer up. At the photo shoot, the girls do a shoot inspired of Greek Mythology Part II, due to health problems, Laura did not participate on the photo shoot. At judging, Otilia, Cristina, Lavinia, Sânziana and Denisa received praise from the judges while Barbara, Diana Luca, Victoria and Bianca had the worst photos. Victoria becomes faint at panel due emotions. Bianca landed in the bottom two for slowly sliding down the competition with Diana Luca and in a shocking elimination, both of them were sent home. First Call-out: Otilia Cioșă Bottom Two: Bianca Taban & Diana Luca Eliminated: Bianca Taban & Diana Luca Featured photographer: Andreea Retinschi Episode 4 First aired October 11, 2012 In this episode, in first challenge the girls made a catwalk blindfolded and holding objects in hands, the end no girl don't won the challenge. In next day the girls walk in a salt", "title": "Next Top Model (Romanian TV series) season 3" }, { "docid": "37131361", "text": "International Day of the Girl Child is an international observance day declared by the United Nations; it is also called the Day of Girls and the International Day of the Girl. October 11, 2012, was the first Day of the Girl Child. The observation supports more opportunity for girls and increases awareness of gender inequality faced by girls worldwide based upon their gender. This inequality includes areas such as access to education, nutrition, legal rights, medical care, and protection from discrimination, violence against women and forced child marriage. The celebration of the day also \"reflects the successful emergence of girls and young women as a distinct cohort in development policy, programming, campaigning and research.\" Background International Day of the Girl increases awareness of issues faced by girls around the world. Many global development plans do not include or consider girls, and their issues become \"invisible\". More than 62 million girls around the world had no access to education, as of c. 2014, according to USAID. Worldwide and collectively, girls ages 5 to 14 spend more than 160 million hours more on household chores than boys of the same age do. Globally, one in four girls are married before age 18. On October 11, 2016, Emma Watson, a United Nations Women's Goodwill Ambassador, urged countries and families worldwide to end forced child marriage. Many girls around the world are vulnerable to acts of sexual violence and the perpetrators often go unpunished. The Day of Girls helps raise awareness not only of the issues that girls face, but also of what is likely to happen when those problems are solved. For example, educating girls helps reduce the rate of child marriage, disease and helps strengthen the economy by helping girls have access to higher paying jobs. History The International Day of Girls initiative began as a project of Plan International, a non-governmental organization that operates worldwide. The idea for an international day of observance and celebration grew out of Plan International's Because I Am a Girl campaign, which raises awareness of the importance of nurturing girls globally and in developing countries in particular. Plan International representatives in Canada approached the Canadian federal government to seek to the coalition of supporters raised awareness of the initiative internationally. Eventually, Plan International urged the United Nations to become involved. International Day of Girls was formally proposed as a resolution by Canada in the United Nations General Assembly. Rona Ambrose, Canada's Minister for the Status of Women, sponsored the resolution; a delegation of women and girls made presentations in support of the initiative at the 55th United Nations Commission on the Status of Women. On December 19, 2011, the United Nations General Assembly voted to pass a resolution adopting October 11, 2012 as the inaugural International Day of Girls. The resolution states that the Day of Girls recognizes: Each year's Day of Girls has a theme - By 2013, worldwide, there were around 2,043 events for Day of Girls. Events worldwide Various events to promote the", "title": "International Day of the Girl Child" } ]	[ { "docid": "468870", "text": "White Day is celebrated annually on March 14, one month after Valentine's Day, when people give reciprocal gifts to those who gave them gifts on Valentine's Day. It began in Japan in 1978; its observance has spread to several other East Asian nations like China, Taiwan, South Korea and countries worldwide. Origin Though Valentine's Day was first attempted to be celebrated in Japan in 1936, it did not begin to be popularly celebrated until the 1970s, giving the day a different observation from in the West. It was primarily an opportunity for girls to show that they like a boy. In 1977, a Fukuoka-based confectionery company, , marketed marshmallows to men on March 14, calling it . White Day was first celebrated in 1978 in Japan. The National Confectionery Industry Association started it as an \"answer day\" to Valentine's Day on the grounds that men should pay back the women who gave them chocolate and other gifts on Valentine's Day. Soon thereafter, confectionery companies began marketing white chocolate. Flowers and other gifts are also given on this day. Observation White Day is celebrated one month after Valentine's Day, on March 14. With countries that observe White Day, typically Valentine's Day is celebrated by women and girls presenting chocolate gifts (either store-bought or handmade), usually to the other men and boys, as an expression of love, courtesy, or social obligation. On White Day, the reverse happens: men who received a or on Valentine's Day are expected to return the favor by giving gifts to the women. Gift exchanges happen between romantic partners, friends, and coworkers. Traditionally, popular White Day gifts include food like white chocolate, marshmallows, candy, cookies, and other \"white\" accessories like jewelry, bags, lotions, and lingerie. Sometimes the term is used to describe the generally recited rule for men that the return gift should be two to three times the worth of the Valentine's gift they received. In the latter half of the 2010s, sales figures indicated a decline in the popularity of the observation. It was seen as a result of reduced sales of obligation chocolates on Valentine's Day. Another reason given for the reduction of popularity is the changing gender roles within Japanese culture. International observation Outside of Japan, the practice of giving response gifts one month after Valentine's Day has spread internationally. In those cultures, White Day is, for the most part, observed similarly. Some places where this occurs include China, South Korea, Taiwan, and Vietnam. See also Giri (Japanese) Hallmark holiday Pi day, also observed on March 14 (represented as 3/14 in month-day format) International Marriage Day, the coincidental day when international marriages were first legalized in Japan References External links Japanese popular culture South Korean popular culture Chinese popular culture Culture of Taiwan Culture of East Asia Unofficial observances March observances Chocolate industry Intimate relationships Giving 1978 introductions Days celebrating love Love", "title": "White Day" }, { "docid": "43444645", "text": "Rosie Mercado (born March 28, 1980) is an American plus-size model, celebrity makeup artist, fashion designer and television personality of Mexican descent. She is best known for starring in reality television show Curvy Girls on NuvoTV and featuring on National Geographic Channel's Taboo. She is currently a special correspondent and life coach on the TV shows The Doctors and Dr. Phil and a co-host on the entertainment talk show Face the Truth. Early life Mercado was born in Los Angeles, California and grew up in Riverside, California but she spent most of her life in Las Vegas, Nevada when her parents moved their business there. Mercado is of Latino descent; her parents are from Mexico in Guadalajara and Zacatecas. Her parents have a business in Las Vegas and she comes from an entrepreneurial background. Mercado credits her father as \"a visionary in all the businesses he has created\". Mercado's parents have always has been supportive of her in life and her career. She attended Bishop Gorman High School and left in 1999. She was one of five Latinos who attended the private school. In high school, she was a 'tomboy' and felt that she did not fit in because of her size (which has driven her to promote plus-size diversity in the entertainment industry). She was called \"a big girl with a pretty face\" or \"the girl with the pretty face and the big ass\", and was bullied because of her weight. Mercado studied Business Management at University of Nevada, Las Vegas. Since she was young, Mercado had the desire to make it in the fashion industry, but she had insecurities primarily fueled by her weight issues. She admired Jennifer Lopez and Queen Latifah. Modeling career Mercado broke into the fashion industry within four years. She started off in modeling as a photographer; she was trying to build her business but didn't have the money to hire professional models. A celebrity photographer told her that she had a beautiful face and that she should be modeling. She had taken pictures of herself but was often rejected because of her size. Many times fashion industry people liked her face in her portfolio but balked after seeing her in person due to her size, and told her that if she lost weight she would have more work. Media career Mercado started working at the age of 15, Mercado was a radio personality in Las Vegas as an early morning host. She went on to work for Telemundo and Univision doing red carpet interviews with high-profile Latino celebrities. She did voiceover work for English and Spanish national and international commercials. In 2011, Mercado featured on National Geographic Channel's Taboo. She has appeared on National and International Television, From Telemundo and Univision and is a special correspondent with the shows Dr. Phil and The Doctors on CBS. She is considered one of the top 6 influential Latinas to follow by Latina Magazine and Univsion. In 2012 and 2013, she starred in season one and", "title": "Rosie Mercado" }, { "docid": "47874280", "text": "Peterhouse Boys' School (or Peterhouse) is an independent, boarding high school for boys in Mashonaland East, Zimbabwe. The school was founded by Fred Snell in 1955 and is located on an estate that is shared with Calderwood Park, a conservation area and game park, outside Marondera. The school is one of the schools under the Peterhouse Group of Schools, the other schools being Peterhouse Girls' School, Springvale House Preparatory School and Peterhouse Nursery School. Peterhouse was ranked as one of the Top 10 High Schools in Zimbabwe in 2014. The Peterhouse Group is led by the Rector, who also has responsibility on a day-to-day basis as Headmaster for Peterhouse Boys' School. The school is a founding member of the Association of Trust Schools (ATS). The Rector is a member of the Conference of Heads of Independent Schools in Zimbabwe (CHISZ) and an international member of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference (HMC) which represents over 250 independent schools in the United Kingdom and worldwide. History In September 1951, Edward Paget, Bishop of Southern Rhodesia, wrote to the Rector of Michaelhouse in Natal, offering him the headship of a school that did not exist. Six months later, Fred Snell started working with Canon Robert Grinham and the Ruzawi School Board toward the creation of an independent senior school. Peterhouse opened in 1955 under the rectorship of Fred Snell with 55 boys and within five years the number had risen to 360 according to plan. Peterhouse was founded as an Anglican boys' country boarding school. When the school opened in 1955, the major building programme had been completed; the Chapel had been dedicated; the staff were accommodated in houses around the grounds; and the grounds themselves had been developed, with the playing fields spreading across the slope below the school, and beyond them, plantations of gum and pine. During the rectorship of Fred Snell, the first black pupils joined the school. Bruce Fieldsend, who joined Peterhouse at the beginning, succeeded Fred Snell as Rector in 1968. Under Bruce Fieldsend, Peterhouse continued to flourish and in 1976, the school had an enrolment of 389 pupils – the highest it had ever been. In 1972, the Rhodesian Bush War had begun to cast a shadow over the land. In 1976 the enrolment began to drop and by the beginning of 1980, Peterhouse was barely half full. After Independence, the school began to grow again, and in 1984 Bruce Fieldsend was succeeded by the Reverend Doctor Alan Megahey. Under his rectorship not only did the boys' school grow to over 500 pupils, but in 1985, Springvale House, a preparatory school for boys and girls, was opened and in 1987 Peterhouse Girls' School started. These two schools are both situated on the site of the old Springvale School which had closed during the war and which was on the other side of the main Harare / Mutare road from the boys' school. The three schools now occupy a site of 3 000 acres, of which 700 acres", "title": "Peterhouse Boys' School" }, { "docid": "61681103", "text": "Lisa Ingall is an English snooker player. She was runner-up in the 2000 World Women's Snooker Championship. Biography Ingall started playing snooker at the age of 12, and by the age of 16 was practicing four hours a day after school, and for sixteen hours at weekends. She had experienced bullying at school, and transferred to Bromfords Secondary School in Wickford, where she did not have any problems with being bullied. In 1995 and 1996 she played on the girls' snooker circuit, winning four of the seven events and coming second in the other three, to leave her as the top ranked girl player. At the age of 16, and with the endorsement of her parents, she decided to become a professional snooker player, and did not take her GCSEs. She was named as the World Ladies Billiards and Snooker Association Young Junior Player of the year in 1996. In 2000, Ingall reached the semi-final of the UK Women's championship, losing 0–4 to Kelly Fisher A few months later, she reached her first ranking final, winning past Eva Palmius 4–0, Mary Talbot 4–1, Lisa Quick 4–2, and Sharon Dickson 4–2, to meet Kelly Fisher in the final of the World Ladies Snooker Championship. Ingall won the second to level at 1–1 before Fisher won the last three frames to take the match 4–1. Ingall received £2,500 as runner up. In 2002, Ingall and Kelly Fisher, representing England, won the Home International Series, with 6–0 wins over Northern Ireland, Guernsey, Wales and Scotland 6–0 and a 5–1 win over the Republic of Ireland. They also won the International Challenge, beating both Poland and France 6–0 in qualifying and Wales 4–1 in the final. Titles and achievements 2002 Home International Series – champion, with Kelly Fisher 2002 International Challenge – champion, with Kelly Fisher References Female snooker players English snooker players 1977 births Living people", "title": "Lisa Ingall" }, { "docid": "68731018", "text": "Leah Lyons (born 27 November 1994) is an Irish rugby player from Cork. She plays prop for Sale Sharks, Munster and the Ireland women's national rugby union team. She has represented Ireland since 2016. Club career Lyons' father Michael founded the Fermoy Lionesses and gave herself and her sister Adena scrum caps and a ball when they were just six but she started out playing in all-boys teams and didn't get to play on an all-girls' team until U13 level. She was a ball-girl in Thomond Park when Ireland played England there in the 2007 Women's Six Nations. She moved to Highfield RFC to play senior club rugby in 2013 and this resulted in her selection for her provincial side Munster Rugby since 2013. She worked full-time as a coach for Munster from 2017 to 2018. That contract ended in the summer of 2018 so, in a bid to get more experience as a player, she sent out emails to severalPremier 15s clubs, the top flight of English club rugby. Harlequins were first to get in touch and three days later she packed her car and headed to join the Surrey club. In 2019 she won a Premier 15s runner-up medal with Harlequins. She signed for Sale Sharks prior to the 2021 Premier 15s season. International career Lyons was first selected to join the Ireland women's national rugby union team in November 2016. She made her Ireland debut in a November 2016 Autumn International versus England, as a replacement for Cliodhna Moloney in the unfamiliar position of hooker. She made her Six Nations debut for the Ireland women's national rugby union team in 2017 and was Ireland's top try scorer in the 2017 Women's Six Nations, dotting down against Italy, France and England. She was selected in the Ireland squad for the 2017 Women's rugby World Cup in Dublin and a nominee for Ireland's 2017 Player of the Year. She played all five of Ireland's games in the 2018 Women's Six Nations and scored one try. She played in three of Ireland's games in the 2019 Women's Six Nations and scored one try. Her three appearances (against Scotland, England and Italy) in the 2020 Women's Six Nations were as a replacement. In the 2021 Women's Six Nations she was a replacement in Ireland's third-place playoff victory over Italy. Personal life Lyons has a twin brother and comes from Ballyhooly, the same village as Mike Ross. She studied culinary arts in Cork Institute of Technology but did not complete her degree due to a rugby injury. During the COVID-19 lockdown of 2020 she was furloughed from her job as a coach with Surrey University and, as a result, took up a job with Tesco in Guildford. In February 2018, after her parents overheard comments about her when she had just scored a try for Ireland against Wales, Lyons spoke out publicly about the need for inclusion and body positivity in sport. In May 2019 she was part of World Rugby's 'Try", "title": "Leah Lyons" }, { "docid": "18175753", "text": "was a Japanese educator and poet of the Meiji and Taishō period. Born in present-day Ena, Gifu, she was the founder many educational organizations, including what is today Jissen Women's University. She had international influence, and was one of the most influential women in Asia. Biography Utako Shimoda was born into a samurai family as Seki Hirao, in Iwakara, in Gifu Prefecture. For the first 6–7 years of her life she was an only child, and studied the Confucian classics; she is said to have read all the Chinese and Japanese books her parents had. Her father and grandfather were Confucian scholars. In the run up to the Meiji Restoration, the Hirao family were firmly on the side of the Emperor, and when the Shogunate fell, Utako's father was given a prominent position in Tokyo, where the family moved in 1870, when Utako Shimoda was about 16. She worked as lady-in-waiting to Empress Shōken from 1871-1879. Seki was well-educated and recognised as an excellent poet, so much so that the empress changed her name to Utako (poem child). As a result, she rose through the ranks. At court, she attended lessons and lectures, including learning French. In 1875, she began working on the empress's educational works. She formed connections to political leaders including Itō Hirobumi, Yamagata Aritomo, and Inoue Kaoru. In November 1879, she resigned from court to marry the swordsman Takeo Shimoda, at her family's request. He suffered from alcoholism and a serious stomach ailment, and she spent much of her time caring for him. Motivated by the urgings of her connections at court, who requested a school for their daughters, and by financial need, in 1881 Utako was opened her house as a private school for girls over 10 years old. She taught poetry and Chinese classics to the wives of a number of ex-samurai officials. She would interrupt a lecture to tend to her husband when he called her. In 1883 the empress decided to found a school for educating girls of the nobility, the (later merged with the Gakushūin). Utako initially did not participate on grounds of her huband's health. Takeo died in 1884 and Utako threw herself into her work as a full-time educator, becoming a teacher and assistant principal at the Girl Peers' School, where she taught ethics and home economics. She also wrote textbooks, starting with a Japanese language textbook published in 1885. In 1893 and 1894 she went abroad to study noblewomen's education. Her interest in women's education took her to Europe (where she enjoyed an audience with Queen Victoria) and America for two years, returning to Japan in 1895 with fluent English and a raft of new ideas to overhaul Japanese education for women. From 1896, she tutored two daughters of imperial concubine Sachiko Sono: Tsunemiya (Princess Masako Takeda) and Kanemiya (Fusako Kitashirakawa). In 1899 she established , later Jissen Women's University, for Japanese middle-class women and female Chinese exchange students, and the (Women's vocational craft school) for the lower classes.", "title": "Utako Shimoda" }, { "docid": "3269007", "text": "Karen Lende O'Connor (born February 17, 1958) is an American equestrian who competes in three-day eventing. Although she did not come from a family of equestrians, her interest in horses started at an early age, and she received her first horse for her 11th birthday. O'Connor began competing internationally in the late 1970s, and in 1986 began riding for the US national eventing team. Since then, she had ridden in five Olympic Games, three World Equestrian Games and two Pan-American Games, winning multiple medals, including a team silver at the 1996 Olympic Games and a team bronze at the 2000 Olympic Games. She has also posted numerous wins and top-10 finishes at other international events. As of 2013, O'Connor is not competing, having suffered fractures to two thoracic vertebrae during a fall at a competition in October 2012. In 1993, O'Connor married fellow equestrian David O'Connor, also a three-day event rider for the US team. When not competing, she plays active roles in the administration side of the United States Equestrian Federation and the United States Eventing Association (USEA). O'Connor and her horses have been honored by multiple organizations for their competition record, and as of 2013, six horses ridden by O'Connor held positions in the list of the top 50 USEA high scoring horses. Early life and marriage O'Connor was born in Bolton, Massachusetts, to parents Phillip and Joanne Lende. She was the second child of three, and the only girl; her two brothers are Steven and Chip. She did not come from a family of equestrians, but became interested in the sport after seeing a documentary on Great Britain's Princess Anne's involvement in the sport. For O'Connor's 11th birthday, she received a horse named Midnight. She was a member of the United States Pony Clubs, in the Groton Pony Club in the Central New England Region. She has been inducted into the United States Pony Club Hall of Fame. She later owned a Connemara pony named Erin's Shamrock, who in 1978 was awarded the Camlin Trophy by the American Connemara Pony Society \"in recognition of a career of outstanding competitive performance\". O'Connor married fellow equestrian David O'Connor, also an international three day event rider, on June 26, 1993. The pair became the first married couple to compete on the same US Olympic equestrian team when they rode with their team to a silver medal at the 1996 Summer Olympics. They rode to a second shared medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics, again marking a historical Olympic moment as the first husband and wife duo to do so. They operate equestrian training facilities in The Plains, Virginia and Ocala, Florida. Career O'Connor began competing internationally in the late 1970s, and in 1986 started riding with the US national eventing team, beginning with the Australian Gawler World Championships, mounted on Lutin V. She won multiple CCI3* events, including the Rolex Kentucky Three Day and the Fair Hill International, and the CCI4* at the 1999 Rolex event, riding Prince Panache. During", "title": "Karen O'Connor" }, { "docid": "63996656", "text": "Sofija Čiurlionienė née Kymantaitė (13 March 1886 – 1 December 1958) was a Lithuanian writer, educator, and activist. After studies at girls' gymnasiums in Saint Petersburg and Riga, she studied philosophy, literature, art history at the and Jagiellonian University. She returned to Lithuania in 1907 and joined the cultural life of Vilnius. In January 1909, she married painter and composer Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis, but he died in April 1911 leaving her with an infant daughter. Until the start of World War I, she taught Lithuanian language and literature at teachers' courses established by the Saulė Society in Kaunas. She lectured at the Vytautas Magnus University from 1925 to her retirement in 1938. Čiurlionienė was also active in public life – she was a delegate to the Assembly of the League of Nations in 1929–1931 and 1935–1938, leader of the Lithuanian girl scouts in 1930–1936, an active participant in various women's organizations, including the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom and the Lithuanian Women's Council. During World War II, she helped save Jews from the Kovno Ghetto and was recognized as Righteous Among the Nations in 1991. In her essays on art and literature, influenced by ideas of fin de siècle and Young Poland movements, she criticized realism and supported symbolism. However, some of her own literary works are good examples of realism. Her most popular works are theater plays, in particular comedies Pinigėliai (Money; 1919) and Vilos puošmena (Decoration of a Villa; 1932). She also wrote dramas, plays for school theaters, poems. Most of her novels explore the Lithuanian press ban and the Lithuanian National Revival. Biography Early life and education Kymantaitė was born to a family of a landless Lithuanian noble on 13 March 1886 in the clergy house in Joniškis. The family lived with her maternal uncle Catholic priest who taught her privately and sponsored her education. When her parents' business – a guest house and a small shop in Šiauliai – failed, the family moved back to live with Jarulaitis in Kuliai in 1893. In 1898, she enrolled into a primary girls' school in Palanga. The same year, Kymantaitė met priest Juozas Tumas-Vaižgantas, an active participant in the Lithuanian National Revival and editor of Tėvynės sargas, who was assigned to Kuliai. He taught her to read and write in the Lithuanian language. In 1899, she saw America in the Bathhouse, the first Lithuanian-language play in present-day Lithuania. In 1899–1904, Kymantaitė studied at the girls' gymnasium attached to the Catholic Church of St. Catherine in Saint Petersburg, at a private girls' school, and a public girls' gymnasium in Riga. In Riga, she participated in a secret Lithuanian student society established by Kipras Bielinis. continued to teach her Lithuanian. She also frequently visited the family of writer Pranas Mašiotas who read her first poems. In 1904–1907, she studied in Kraków (then part of Austria-Hungary) at the established by and the Jagiellonian University. She initially hoped to study medicine, but she did not know Latin and instead studied philosophy,", "title": "Sofija Kymantaitė-Čiurlionienė" }, { "docid": "2684158", "text": "\"Halcyon\" is a song written and performed by Orbital, dedicated to Phil and Paul Hartnoll's mother, who was addicted to the tranquilliser Halcion (Triazolam) for many years. It was released as Radiccio EP in the UK and Japan, and as Halcyon EP in the US. History The song features two samples from earlier international hit singles. The first sample is a backmasked vocal sample by Kirsty Hawkshaw from \"It's a Fine Day\" by Opus III (1992). Ed Barton, the composer of \"It's a Fine Day\", receives a co-writing credit for the track. The second is a vocal harmonies sample in the song \"Leave It\" from the 1983 album 90125 by the progressive rock band Yes. There is no co-writing credit for the Yes sample. The beats were produced by a Roland TR-909 rhythm machine. This original form of Halcyon is relatively uncommon; it first appeared on the Radiccio EP, and was only in the U.S. release as a single under its own name. It did not appear on a full-length album until the compilation Work 1989-2002, and then only in its shorter \"single edit\". On Orbital's second eponymous album the track \"Halcyon + on + on\" appears, a slightly more upbeat and melodic remix of the original song. In contrast to the original, the remix is far more widely known, and has been featured on several movie soundtracks (most notably Mortal Kombat (1995), Hackers, CKY2K and Mean Girls). The title of the remix is inspired by a contemporary advertising slogan used by the Ariston washing machine company (\"Ariston + on + on\"). \"Halcyon + on + on\" is somewhat shorter than the original, at 9 minutes and 27 seconds long. A 2018 film Teen Spirit and the soundtrack album features an edited version of \"Halcyon,\" retitled \"Halcyon Teen Spirit,\" with added vocal samples by Elle Fanning. Halcyon samples \"Halcyon\" is one of the mainstays of Orbital's live performances, in which it is frequently remixed with clips from Belinda Carlisle's \"Heaven Is a Place on Earth\" and Bon Jovi's \"You Give Love a Bad Name\". A 1999 performance containing these samples appears on the album Orbital: Live at Glastonbury 1994–2004. On occasion (notably the group's 2004 \"last ever\" performance broadcast on BBC Radio 1) it has also incorporated the chorus of \"I Believe in a Thing Called Love\" by The Darkness. In June 2009, Orbital released a two CD greatest hits compilation Orbital 20, which included a number of new remixes, including a \"remodel\" of \"Halcyon\" by Tom Middleton. Music video The song's video featured Opus III singer Kirsty Hawkshaw playing a typical mother who was 'under the influence' (which was shot in the Hartnolls' home), who begins her chores by washing dishes. As she starts doing the task, it becomes evident that she starts to lose focus and start seeing things. Like pictures of the same person on a plate (when removed by plate the picture starts to get smaller), notices her two sons in unusual places (one dancing on", "title": "Halcyon (Orbital song)" }, { "docid": "57119892", "text": "Ruslan Rakhimovich Khamarov (born in Berdiansk, Ukraine, in 1973) is a Ukrainian serial killer, who killed 11 women from 2000 to 2003. He was sentenced to life imprisonment. Early years Khamarov was born in the city of Berdiansk in 1973. On his father's line, he had ancestry from the Uyghur people. In 1981, his father abandoned the family, converted to Islam and moved to Makhachkala. In 1985, his mother committed suicide by jumping under a train. Most of Khamarov's childhood was spent in the orphanage and the vocational school, which he graduated in 1991. At the same time, he was tried for theft and sentenced to 2.5 years' imprisonment. He was released in 1993. From 1993 to 1997 he lived in Zaporizhia, where he repeatedly committed theft and spent a partial term (from 1997 to 2000) in a psychiatric hospital. In 2000, he was released and returned to Berdiansk, where relatives had bought him a room, although Khamarov did not work anywhere else for a while. Murders In November 2000, Khamarov committed his first murder. The victim was a 47-year-old woman. After this murder, Khamarov focused on younger victims. Khamarov got acquainted with the victims in the park, in bars or at dance parties, invited them to his house, drank vodka before losing self-control, engaging in sexual contact with the victim, or just started and apologized, then going out into the corridor, taking a homemade knife (sometimes taking a hammer or bottle), returning to the room and inflicting several blows on the victim. Then he would engage in sexual intercourse with the corpse, disposing it in a well afterwards. According to accounts from former friends, Khamarov did not wash for weeks and looked like a battered ragtag, but this did not stop him from seducing women. In total, from November to February 2003, he killed 11 women and girls. The head of the Berdiansk City Department of Internal Affairs Viktor Burmakov had this to say about him:Khamarov is not a moron, but a schizophrenic. His intelligence is quite high, the construction of phrases is literate. He remembers thoroughly where, what, when and with whom he committed. He easily got acquainted with girls. They voluntarily went to him, had sex. Usually the victim did not have time to resist. He wrapped the body in a sheet, threw it into the well and dusted it. The well is so deep, that even in the heat of winter the water is cold, the corpses lay like in a refrigerator. There was no smell. It's in the middle of nowhere. So there were no signals from the neighbours.His last victim was Polina Izvekova, a 17-year-old mother. Khamarov killed her on February 24, 2003. Three days later, the mother of the girl contacted the police. On March 1, a police squad arrived at Khamarov's. Izvekova's body was discovered in the well, but Khamarov said: \"There are ten more\". He was immediately arrested. Subsequently, all the corpses were brought to the surface. Court and sentence The", "title": "Ruslan Khamarov" }, { "docid": "48090508", "text": "Maria M. Kang-Casler (born 1980 in San Francisco, California), is an American fitness advocate, coach, blogger, and founder of the No Excuse Mom movement, a nonprofit organization which promotes a healthy lifestyle, centered on diet and exercise, for mothers. Residing in the Sacramento, California area, Kang began competing in beauty and fitness competitions as a teenager, winning several including Miss Petite Teen International, Miss Philippines USA, and Miss Bikini California. After leaving competition, Kang founded the Fitness Without Borders nonprofit organization to advocate for fitness in disadvantaged communities. In 2012, after marrying and giving birth to three sons, Kang posted a photograph of herself in exercise clothes with her children on her exercise group's Facebook page with the caption, \"What's Your Excuse?\". A year later, the photo went viral and received national media attention. In January 2014, Kang founded No Excuse Mom and made appearances on local and national media to opine on lifestyle issues. As of mid-2015, approximately 300 No Excuse Mom workout groups had been established in the United States and 25 other countries with 70,000 participants. The groups hold weekly, free workouts aimed primarily at mothers of young children. In March 2015, Kang published her first book with the goal of providing readers with a simplified approach to making a healthy change in lifestyle. Early life Kang's mother, Caroline, the daughter of Philippine diplomat George G. Aducayen, Jr., from Cagayan married at 16 and had four children, one boy and three girls, by the time she was 22. Kang was the second child and the oldest of the three girls. The family lived in the Bayview-Hunters Point, San Francisco area of California. Kang's Malaysian Chinese immigrant father, Francis, was a police officer while Caroline worked full-time managing a state-owned parking garage. Starting at age 12, Kang would wake up at 5 a.m. with her mother to help prepare her siblings for the day's activities. As Kang grew up, her mother Caroline suffered from numerous health-issues related to her being overweight, including diabetes, heart attacks, a stroke, and kidney failure. Kang said that her mother's weight-related health issues affected her deeply. In 1991 the family moved to Elk Grove, California, outside of Sacramento. There, Kang became heavily involved in fitness activities, such as running and aerobics. Kang attended Laguna Creek High School where she did well with her studies and participated in cheerleading. She was bullied at times, however, by her classmates, including two instances in which a group of girls threw orange juice on her. Kang stated that the stress at times caused her to cut or scratch herself. Beauty competitions and start of fitness advocacy At age 16, Caroline persuaded Kang to compete in the local Miss Philippines Sacramento beauty pageant. She won first prize and began competing in beauty pageants on a regular basis. Over the next few years, Kang entered and was crowned Miss Petite Teen International, Miss San Francisco Chinatown, and Miss Philippines USA. Kang then switched to fitness and figure competitions and,", "title": "Maria Kang" }, { "docid": "42163586", "text": "Han Gong-ju () is a 2013 South Korean crime drama film written and directed by Lee Su-jin, starring Chun Woo-hee in the title role. It was inspired by the infamous Miryang gang rape case of 2004. The film premiered at the 2013 Busan International Film Festival where it won the CGV Movie Collage Award and the Citizen Reviewers' Award. As it traveled the international film festival circuit, Han Gong-ju won several top prizes, including the Golden Star at the 2013 Marrakech International Film Festival, the Tiger Award (given to films that \"give young filmmakers a voice\" and \"push boundaries\") at the 2014 International Film Festival Rotterdam, and the Jury Prize, the Critics' Prize, and the Audience Award at the 2014 Deauville Asian Film Festival. The Rotterdam jury praised it as \"a skillfully crafted and highly accomplished debut. Deviating from a typical chronological narrative structure, the film lures the spectator to participate in the pleasures of storytelling through an extraordinary and intricate narrative puzzle.\" Han Gong-ju was released in theaters on April 17, 2014. Plot The movie starts with Gong Ju (Chun Woo hee) facing a crowd of disparaging adults as she tells them she did nothing wrong. The scene shifts to her teacher from her current school, Lee Nan do (Jo Dae Hee), helping her pack her luggage as she is about to be transferred to another school in a different town. As they eat lunch he tells her that it was not her fault but to wait for the results of the trial before deciding what to do next and meanwhile not to answer any phone calls. Lee manages to make her school transition as smooth as possible despite it being mid semester. He then brings Gong Ju to the convenience store owned by his mother, Mrs. Cho, for possible boarding in her house. Initially the mother refuses but eventually allows her to stay. In a flashback to the past, Gong Ju is working as a cashier at a convenience store when a friend/classmate and son of the store owner, Dong Yoon (Choi Yong Jun), walks in visibly beaten as he grabs some food and heads back out to see his friends. The next day at school she meets her friend Hwa Ok (Kim So Young) and they talk about the incident. One day at school in the present, Gong Ju is walking down the hall and peers through a classroom window where a small group of girls are rehearsing an a cappella song. When the leader of the group, Eun Hee (Jung In Sung), sees her she quickly walks away. Gong Ju attends swimming lessons and meets Eun Hee who tries to befriend her after hearing her sing in the changing room. Eun Hee asks Gong Ju to join the a cappella group. Although Gong Ju is not interested, she asks Eun Hee for the loan of her phone to help with directions so she can find her mother. They take a bus and Gong Ju goes to", "title": "Han Gong-ju" }, { "docid": "59564692", "text": "The British Youths Open Championship was a youths golf tournament that was played from 1954 to 1994. It was 72-hole stroke-play event for golfers under 22. From 1954 to 1962, it was organised by a committee led by Sam Bunton, a Glasgow architect, and was open to assistant professionals as well as amateurs, but from 1963, it was taken over by The R&A and became an amateur-only event, called: the British Youths Open Amateur Championship. The R&A dropped the event because they felt it was no longer needed to bridge the gap between boy's and men's golf. A 54-hole girls' event was also held. In 1963, the event was taken over by the Scottish Ladies' Golfing Association and called the Scottish Girls' Open Stroke-play Championship. Winners (p) = professional In 1954 there was an under-18 section which was won by Ronnie Shade. International matches In 1955, an international match between England and Scotland was arranged the day before the start of the championship, although the match had a lower age limit than that used in the championship. Another match was arranged the following year, although the result was decided on holes rather than matches. There was no match in 1957 but it was arranged again in 1958 and 1959. From 1960, the event was contested for the Alex Mackay Memorial Trophy. In 1967, a second match was arranged, between Great Britain & Ireland and the Continent of Europe, later called the EGA Trophy. This was played the day before the start of the championship with the England/Scotland match being played a day earlier. The same system was retained for a number of years while the EGA Trophy match was played before the championship. In 1976, and on a number of occasions from 1980, the EGA Trophy match was not played in connection with the championship, and on those occasions, the England/Scotland match was played the day before the championship rather than two days before. British Girls' Stroke-play Championship The girls' section of the British Youths Open Championship was inauguated in 1955 and played over 54 holes. It was later called the British Girls' Stroke-play Championship. In 1963, the event was taken over by the Scottish Ladies' Golfing Association and called the Scottish Girls' Open Stroke-play Championship. The Scottish under-21 event was played from 1963 until 2015, when it was dropped from the schedule. The last winner was Cloe Frankish. 1955 Marjory Fowler 1956 Belle McCorkindale 1957 Marjory Fowler 1958 Ruth Porter 1959 Diane Robb 1960 Julia Greenhalgh 1961 Diane Robb 1962 Susan Armitage 1963 Ann Irvin References Golf tournaments in the United Kingdom Recurring sporting events established in 1954 Recurring sporting events disestablished in 1994", "title": "British Youths Open Championship" }, { "docid": "47381939", "text": "The Bride He Bought Online is a 2015 American television thriller film, written and directed by , and starring Anne Winters, Alexandra Paul, and Jamie Luner. It was broadcast on the Lifetime network in the United States on July 18, 2015. Plot What starts out as a harmless online prank takes a dark turn for 17-year-old Avery Lindstrom (Anne Winters) when her best friends, Mandy Kim (Lauren Gaw) and Kaley Mack (Annalisa Cochrane), create a fake profile for an international dating website and begin to communicate with a lonely, socially inept computer programmer named John Bennett (Travis Hammer). Having lived a life of isolation and bullying, John becomes consumed by his desire for revenge after learning he was catfished by the girls. Doing some digging online, John finds that the photo of his nonexistent \"girlfriend\" was actually that of a deceased Filipina model, then uncovers the identities of the three girls who played him like a fool on their blog with their cruel prank. While both Avery and Mandy feel bad for what they did to him and show some remorse, Kaley doesn't, being the \"mean girl\" of their school. John decides to get back at the girls by hiring a good-looking guy about their age name Nick (Randy Blekitas). Nick is a male prostitute, and John tells him he is playing a trick on his niece, and wants him to get the three girls to fall for him and then stand them up. John finds their hangout, the Skatelab skate park, and sends Nick there to flirt with them. The plan works well, as both Kaley and Mandy express interest and give him their phone numbers. Nick tells the girls he had just moved from Pittsburgh, and they invite him to a party that Avery is throwing. Though he fails to show, Nick then sends a text message inviting Kaley and Mandy to Skatelab (which was actually sent by John), and when they arrive, it seems as though no one is there. John kidnaps Mandy outside the hangout first, which Kaley initially thinks is a practical joke being pulled by Mandy or Avery. Kaley returns to the party and plays a practical joke on Avery's crush Trevor, pouring water on the crotch of his pants, then posts video of the prank on their blog. At this point, Avery has had enough of Kaley and ends their friendship. Upon returning home, Kaley turns on the TV, but John uses his computer hacking skills to scare her by turning off the security system in Kaley's home. Having succeeded in panicking her, he then enters the house and kidnaps Kaley at gunpoint, taking her to the warehouse where he is holding Mandy hostage. The next day, Avery is being interviewed by an agent, as the parents of Kaley and Mandy are looking for their daughters. Avery tells the agent about Nick, and the cops mark him as a suspect. Nick spoke to the cop, straightened everything out and told him about John", "title": "The Bride He Bought Online" }, { "docid": "42606538", "text": "Pensione paura () is a 1978 film directed by Francesco Barilli. Plot A young girl and her mother run a hotel during the war. The girl finds herself at the mercy of her sex-crazed guests and matters become worse when her mother dies. Soon after, a cloaked figure starts killing off everyone that tries to harm her. Cast Leonora Fani: Rosa Luc Merenda: Rodolfo Lidia Biondi: Marta Francisco Rabal: Marta's lover Jole Fierro: Rodolfo's lover Wolfango Soldati Máximo Valverde Production After directing The Perfume of the Lady in Black, it took four years for director Francesco Barilli to return to directing. Barilli stated this was because he was not allowed to make the film he wanted to make, but was offered several different projects to work at. One film Barilli wanted to make was titled L'occhio, when he was approached by producer Tommaso Dazzi who deemed L'occhio too expensive, and presented him with the treatment for Pensione paura. Barilli admitted to needing the money and took the offer to direct the film. Filming started in Manziana in August 1977. Barilli and producer Tommaso Dazzi often argued on set as Barilli shot scenes that were not in the script, which Barilli did not care for as he wanted to shoot the film the way he wanted to. The film had an unusual setting, which film historian Roberto Curti described as \"one-of-a-kind work\" that did not fit into the mold of a gothic, giallo, or psychological drama but encompassed elements of all the genres. Release Pensione paura was distributed theatrically in Italy by Euro International Films on 16 February 1978. The film grossed a total of 82,645,242 Italian lire domestically. Curti described the film a commercial flop. Barilli commented the producer who sold the film to Euro International Films went bankrupt shortly after. The film was released in Spain where it was promoted as an erotic film La violación de la señorita Julia. It was Barelli's last theatrically released film, as the director dedicated himself to painting afterwards. See also List of Italian films of 1978 References Footnotes Sources External links Pensione paura at Variety Distribution 1978 films Films directed by Francesco Barilli Italian drama films Spanish drama films 1970s Italian films", "title": "Pensione paura" }, { "docid": "27977094", "text": "Next Top Model, Season 2 is the second season of Next Top Model. It premiered on October 11, 2010. The host and the panel of the judges remains the same as the first season. Greek model Vicky Kaya (Greek: Βίκυ Καγιά) assumes the role of Tyra Banks from the original series as the head of the search as well as a mentor for the contestants. The panel consists of the former model Jenny Balatsinou, fashion designer Christoforos Kontentos and noted photographer Charis Christopoulos. The final episode aired on February 21, 2011. The winner was 17-year-old Cindy Toli from Athens, Greece. Her prizes included an all-expenses paid trip to Milan and a contract with MP Management, a cover and spread with Madame Figaro magazine, an all-expenses paid trip to New York City and representation by Maybelline New York, a contract with BSB clothing line and a Chevrolet Spark. The international destinations for this season were Paris, France and Istanbul, Turkey. Cast Contestants (Ages stated are at start of contest) Judges Vicky Kaya Jenny Balatsinou Christoforos Kontentos Charis Christopoulos Other cast members Tassos Sofroniou - photo shoot director Episodes Episode 1 First aired October 11, 2010 The next day after the Bootcamp, the 25 Models were photographed by Harry Christopoulos and Tassos Sofroniou in the streets of Mykonos. After the shooting the girls returned to Athens and waited anxiously for the meeting with the judges who would decide which 20 girls will begin their attempt to become the Next Top Model. Back in Athens, the 20 models had to pose for the photographer Takis Diamantopoulos on the brink of the 20th floor of the President Hotel. Agni and Evangelia revealed to Tassos that they are afraid of heights and therefore the photo shoot was even more difficult for them. When the girls returned home they found their books with the best shots from the photo shoot. Maria’s book, however, was not there and so she left the house. Eliminated outside of judging panel: Maria Markarian Featured photographers: Charis Christopoulos, Tassos Sofroniou, Takis Diamantopoulos Episode 2 First aired October 18, 2010 In this week’s photo shoot the girls had to pose in pairs of two in front of a damaged car. The concept was that the girls were fighting with each other about whose fault it was that they were stuck in the middle of nowhere. The girls at the beginning were reluctant to raise tons. Vicky took action impressed everybody with how convincingly she shouted and allegedly started fighting with them to show them how to play the role. The girls though were only 19, so one of them did not have a pair for the photo shoot. Vicky announced to everybody that Ioanna’s pair would be Monika, the runner up of the first Next Top Model. Best photo: Elena Papadopoulou & Evangelia Koutalidou Bottom two: Elektra Tsela & Kelly Vourtsi Eliminated: Elektra Tsela Featured photographer: Thanassis Krikis Episode 3 First aired November 1, 2010 For this week's photo shoot the girls", "title": "Next Top Model (Greek TV series) season 2" }, { "docid": "3182147", "text": "Lady Zhen (26 January 183 – 4 August 221), personal name unknown, was the first wife of Cao Pi, the first ruler of the state of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period. In 226, she was posthumously honoured as Empress Wenzhao when her son Cao Rui succeeded Cao Pi as the emperor of Wei. Early life Lady Zhen was from Wuji County (), Zhongshan Commandery (), which is in present-day Wuji County, Hebei. She was a descendant of Zhen Han (), who served as a Grand Protector () in the late Western Han dynasty and later the General-in-Chief () during the short-lived Xin dynasty. Her father, Zhen Yi (), served as the Prefect of Shangcai County in the late Eastern Han dynasty. He died when Lady Zhen was about three years old. Lady Zhen's mother, whose maiden family name was Zhang (), was from Changshan Commandery (常山郡; around present-day Zhengding County, Hebei). Lady Zhen's parents had three sons and five daughters: eldest son Zhen Yu (), who died early; second son Zhen Yan (), who became a xiaolian and later served as an assistant to the General-in-Chief and as the Chief of Quliang County; third son Zhen Yao (), who was also a xiaolian; eldest daughter Zhen Jiang (); second daughter Zhen Tuo (); third daughter Zhen Dao (); fourth daughter Zhen Rong (). Lady Zhen was the youngest of the five daughters. Zhen Yi once brought his children to meet Liu Liang (), a fortune teller, who commented on Lady Zhen, \"This girl will become very noble in the future.\" Unlike many children of her age, the young Lady Zhen did not enjoy playing. Once, when she was eight years old, her sisters went to the balcony to watch a group of horse-riding performers outside their house but Lady Zhen did not join in. Her sisters were puzzled so they asked her, and she responded, \"Is this something a girl should watch?\" When she was nine years old, she became interested in scholarly arts and started reading books and using her brothers' writing materials. Her brothers told her, \"You should be learning what women traditionally do (such as weaving). When you picked up reading, were you thinking of becoming a female academician?\" Lady Zhen replied, \"I heard that virtuous women in history learnt from the successes and failures of those who lived before them. If they didn't read, how did they learn all that?\" Towards the end of the Eastern Han dynasty, after the death of Emperor Ling, China entered a chaotic period because the central government's authority weakened, and regional officials and warlords started fighting each other in a bid to gain supremacy. The common people suffered from poverty and hunger, and many wealthy households who owned expensive items such as jewellery offered to sell these valuables in return for food. Lady Zhen's family had large stockpiles of grain, and they planned to take advantage of the situation to sell their grain in exchange for valuable items.", "title": "Lady Zhen" }, { "docid": "50391090", "text": "Chrysalis is the debut extended play by the South Korean girl group I.O.I, a special group created through the 2016 Mnet survival show Produce 101, composed of eleven trainees from different entertainment companies that will promote for a year under YMC Entertainment. The album was released digitally on May 4, 2016 and physically on May 9 with the single \"Dream Girls\" in two versions, a standard edition and a special edition. The mini-album was a commercial success peaking at number 4 on the Gaon Album Chart. The EP sold 74,554 physical copies in 2016. Background In November 2015, Mnet announced a new survival show where 101 girl group trainees will compete to be in the Top 11 that would eventually form the group I.O.I. Produce 101 ended on April 1, 2016 and the group immediately started preparations for their debut, starting with recording their own version of the song \"Crush\", a song produced by Ryan S. Jhun and was performed by the Top 22 of Produce 101 on the show's finale, initially intended to be the group's debut song before YMC Entertainment postponed their debut and announced that they will be recording a different song as the title track of their debut album. On April 11, YMC Entertainment announced that the group will release the album on May 4 and will hold a debut showcase and a fan meeting on the following day at Jangchung Gymnasium. On April 27, the mini-album title was revealed to be Chrysalis. The group's 2-episode reality show Standby I.O.I showed the group's preparations for the album, from recording their songs including the title track \"Dream Girls\", to practicing the choreography for the songs and filming the music video. During the group's debut media showcase held on May 5, it was revealed that member Kim Se-jeong came up with the album title. Promotion On May 5, the group held their first media showcase where the girls discussed their album and performed their new songs for the first time including the title track \"Dream Girls\". They also performed songs from Produce 101 such as \"24 Hours\" and \"Yum-Yum\". The group also performed their own version of \"Pick Me\", \"Crush\", and \"When the Cherry Blossoms Fade\", all of which are included in their new album. On the same day, they made their official debut on M! Countdown, performing both \"Knock Knock Knock\" and \"Dream Girls\". On May 10, they appeared on The Show performing both \"When the Cherry Blossoms Fade\" and \"Dream Girls\". Due to conflict of interest, the group did not perform on the music shows of the three major Korean networks KBS, MBC, and SBS. On May 20, the group made their first appearance on a non-cable television music show Music Bank. Its producer, Won Seung Yeon, stated that the group \"is always a hot topic and does well in whatever they do\" and that \"there was no real reason to exclude them\". Previously, the girls had also been excluded from being nominated on the three", "title": "Chrysalis (EP)" }, { "docid": "56189319", "text": "The Admirer () is a 1999 Russian thriller film directed by Nikolai Lebedev. Plot The father of 13-year-old Lena (Marina Cherepukhina) Oleg (Sergei Garmash) divorces her stepmother Alexandra (Yelena Safonova) and goes to his mistress Marina (Maria Poroshina), and Lena is left to live with her stepmother. Wishing to show that they live well together, and prove her independence to the adults, Lena puts into play her ingenuity and charm and gets part-time work as a postman. In the meantime at the post office the topic of discussion is some serial killer who keeps almost the whole city in fear. His victims are mostly young girls. Some he suffocates and from others cuts out their internal organs. Literally on the very first day of work late in the evening, a stranger (Andrey Andreyev) clad in a trenchcoat and hat, whose face she did not have time to see, protects Lena from hooligans and gives her a handful of chewing gum. Lena gets a liking towards him, and when adults talk about what a real man should be, Lena lists all the identifiers of this stranger: a coat, a hat, a chewing gum and a cigarette (the stranger lit a cigarette before Lena). After some time a strange incident occurs with her: during another evening while delivering post, someone attacks her and takes away her bag with newspapers. Lena is sure that this is the same notorious maniac. However, the very next day, late at night, she sees someone leaving her bag next to the post, and in the bag finds a bunch of chewing gum. Lena conceives the idea that the maniac and that mysterious stranger are one and the same person, although Lena's sympathy for him does not decrease from this. Lena's friend Ira offers to test this admirer's devotion by forcing him to buy her roller skates. On the same day, someone calls Lena home, but says nothing and remains silent in the phone. Lena is sure that this is her admirer and asks him not to scare her so much as then with the bag, and at the same time asks to know how much the roller blades are worth. The next day Lena finds the skates inside the mailbox when picking up newspapers. Relations with this strange admirer who is ready to fulfill all her instructions, start to seem like an exciting game to Lena. After some time, Marina comes home to Lena and asks the girl not to be angry with her father because he is very worried about her, but Lena does not hold back (especially after she found out earlier that her father can not pay child support due to financial circumstances) and lets out all her rage on her. When she leaves, Lena discovers that the mysterious admirer was a witness of their conversation, and the next day it turns out that Marina is in a hospital in crippled condition. Lena understands who has beaten Marina, and respects this maniac-admirer even more", "title": "The Admirer" }, { "docid": "9753495", "text": "Black Girl () is a 1966 French-Senegalese drama film, written and directed by Ousmane Sembène in his directorial debut. It is based on a short story from Sembène's 1962 collection Voltaique, which was in turn inspired by a real life incident. Black Girl stars Mbissine Thérèse Diop as Diouana, a young Senegalese woman who moves from Dakar, Senegal to Antibes, France to work for a French couple. In France, Diouana hopes to continue her former job as a nanny and anticipates a new cosmopolitan lifestyle. However, upon her arrival in Antibes, Diouana experiences harsh treatment from the couple, who force her to work as a servant. She becomes increasingly aware of her constrained and alienated situation and starts to question her life in France. Black Girl is often considered the first Sub-Saharan African film by an African filmmaker to receive international attention. Although it was poorly received by Western film critics upon its initial release, by the 2010s it came to be seen as a classic of world cinema. Plot The plot continually shifts back and forth between Diouana's present life in France where she works as a domestic servant, and flashbacks of her previous life in Senegal. In the flashbacks, it is revealed that she comes from a poor village outside of Dakar. Most people are illiterate and Diouana would roam the city looking for a job. One day, the character of 'Madame' comes to the square looking for a servant and selects Diouana from amongst the unemployed women. Diouana was chosen because she does not aggressively demand a job like the other women; unlike the others, she did not crowd forward demanding a job. Initially, Madame hires Diouana to care for her children in Dakar. As a gift, Diouana gives her employers a traditional mask that she had bought from a small boy for 50 guineas, and they display it in their home. When Diouana is not working she goes for walks with her boyfriend. Monsieur and Madame then offer Diouana a job working for them in France. Diouana is thrilled, and immediately begins dreaming of her new life in France. Once she arrives, Diouana is overwhelmed with cooking and cleaning for the rich couple and their friends. Madame treats her unkindly, and Diouana is confused as to her role. She thought that she would be caring for the children as in Senegal, and would be able to go outside and discover France. Yet, in France, she does not leave the apartment and only cooks and cleans inside the house - a clear contrast to her previous life in Senegal where she spent much time outdoors. When Diouana works, she wears a fancy dress and heels. The mistress of the house tells her to remove them, telling her \"don't forget that you are a maid\". At one of the couple's dinner parties, one of their friends kisses Diouana in typical European fashion on the cheeks, explaining \"I've never kissed a black girl before!\" Diouana receives a letter from", "title": "Black Girl (1966 film)" }, { "docid": "9434526", "text": "The Sleeping Prince is a Greek fairy tale collected by in Folktales of Greece. It is Aarne-Thompson 425G: False Bride takes the heroine's place as she tries to stay awake; recognition when heroine tells her story. This is also found as part of Nourie Hadig, and a literary variant forms part of the frame story of the Pentamerone. The tale type was also closely related to AaTh 437, \"The Supplanted Bride (The Needle Prince)\". However, the last major revision of the International Folktale Classification Index, written in 2004 by German folklorist Hans-Jörg Uther, reclassified the tale type as ATU 894, \"\". Synopsis A king had only his daughter, his wife having died, and had to go to war. The princess promised to stay with her nurse while he was gone. One day, an eagle came by and said she would have a dead man for a husband; it came again the next day. She told her nurse, and her nurse told her to tell the eagle to take her to him. The third day, it came, and she asked; it brought her to a palace, where a prince slept like the dead, and a paper said that whoever had pity on him must watch for three months, three weeks, three days, three hours, and three half-hours without sleeping, and then, when he sneezed, she must bless him and identify herself as the one who watched. He and the whole castle would wake, and he would marry the woman. She watched three months, three weeks, and three days. Then she heard someone offering to hire maids. She hired one for company. The maid persuaded her to sleep, the prince sneezed, and the maid claimed him. She told him to let the princess sleep and when she woke, set to tend the geese. (The fairy tale starts to refer to the prince as the king.) The king had to go to war. He asked the queen what she wanted, and she asked for a golden crown. He asked the goose-girl, and she asked for the millstone of patiences, the hangman's rope, and the butcher's knife, and if he did not bring them, his ship would go neither backward nor forward. He forgot them, and his ship would not move; an old man asked him if he had promised anything, so he bought them. He gave his wife the crown and the other things to the goose-girl. That evening, he went down to her room. She told her story to the things and asked them what she should do. The butcher's knife said to stab herself; the rope, to hang herself; the millstone, to have patience. She asked for the rope again and went to hang herself. The king broke in and saved her. He declared she was his wife and he would hang the other on the rope. She told him only to send her away. They went to her father for his blessing. Analysis Tale type Richard MacGillivray Dawkins described that", "title": "The Sleeping Prince (fairy tale)" }, { "docid": "62032609", "text": "Karishma Ali (c.1997) is a footballer who is the first girl from her hometown of Chitral, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa to have represented Pakistan at national and international levels. In 2016, Ali represented Pakistan at the Jubilee Games held in Dubai and she was part of the first Pakistani women's team to participate in the Australian Football League International Cup in 2017. She is also the founder of Chitral Women's Sports Club. In 2019, she was listed in the Forbes 30 Under 30 Asia List, where young people are chosen for innovation and entrepreneurship. Ali walked the Milan Fashion Week in 2019 when Haitian-Italian designer Stella Jean collaborated with craftswomen from a handicraft center Ali founded to create designs, incorporating cultural elements from Chitral and Kalash. Life Karishma Ali generated an interest in football at an early age. Karishma used to watch football matches with her father which captured her attention and she started falling in love with the sport. In Chitral, Karishma did not have the facilities to become a professional footballer, however her father; a sports enthusiast, wanted Karishma to become part of the sport. When Karishma moved to the city, She received her first professional football training. She was 15 at the time She has been professionally trained as a footballer since the age of 15. Education Karishma Ali holds a bachelor's degree in Business and Management from the University of London. Career In 2016, Karishma got the opportunity to represent Pakistan by becoming a part of the international football team playing for Jubilee games in Dubai. The team won a silver medal in the games. in 2017, Karishma was a part of the first women's team to represent Pakistan at the Australian Football League international. Achievements Aside from her football career, Karishma is lauded for her social work and dedication to her people. She has founded the Chitral Women's Sports Club to uplift the position of girls in sports, particularly football The club is the first women's sports club in Chitral. She is also part of youth organizations and has been praised by organizations such as CNN and Forbes, for her philanthropic work. Chitral Women's sports club After coming back from the Jubilee games in 2016, Ali says she was inspired to work for the underprivileged people of her hometown and she started arranging football training camps for girls schools. Initially, the week long camp was indented for 10 girls, but after a positive response, the camp catered 70 girls. The training sessions were arranged in the mountains with a few volunteers, to provide a safe place for the girls to play. The club officially began in 2018 and has since then, trained girls in Chitral. The club has since then arranged tournaments for girls and also had training sessions with professional trainers certified from FIFA. The club now has an official team of 13 girls that will represent Chitral in future tournaments. Karishma hopes to create proper football grounds in the future, for the girls of Chitral to", "title": "Karishma Ali" }, { "docid": "59412498", "text": "Historically, women in Morocco have not been treated equally to men. The traditional society has been patriarchal and male-dominated. Women had little control over the choice of husband and once married, had no financial control in Morocco. In the present day, women are still behind men when it comes to opportunities in health, education, and professional and political empowerment. In modern society, a greater number of women are defending their rights, following years of violence, rape, inequality and family moral code. Organizations are emerging to support women in the hope that laws will eventually start to change to protect women's rights, although there may be difficulties in enforcement amongst the male population. The political spectrum has grown more gender diverse, with a law that 10% of seats in the lower house of the parliament be reserved for women. According to the International Monetary Fund (IMF) when women are integrated into Morocco's economy, it increases and improves the growth in Morocco's gross domestic product (GDP). Integrating women into socio-economic development is important and will help achieve overall growth. Current issues for women Marriage and values The minimum age a girl can marry is 18, the same as boys. If the girl is under 18, it needs to be certified by the court. The Moudawana code provides justice and rights to women while also protecting young girls’ rights. The code preserves the man's dignity and still issuing Islam's objectives of justice, tolerance and equality in a modernized development. In a speech by King Mohammed VI, he suggested that women should not be compelled to marry against their will just like what Quran says. That is, women have free-will when it comes to marriage. Equality between a woman's and a man's right of being able to choose their partner, entitling them both to the same rights in a marriage contract.. Most of Morocco is under a conservative setting and traditional values make women reluctant to challenge them. Even though laws are enforced traditional values and mindsets are still more successful. According to the 2010 data reported by the Justice Ministry, judges have granted 90% of cases involving a minor to marry even though the new code states the minimum marriage age is 18. Education and economy Education is a big stepping stone for equalizing boys and girls at a young age by giving them both a fair start. Statistics show 78% of girls between the ages 12–14 are not in formal schooling in the country's rural areas. There are limited job opportunities for girls because of the lack of education and the country's mind set is held back when it comes to hiring women. According to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), 66% of men are working but only 25% of women are working in the formal economy. If as many women were working as men income per capita could be almost 50% higher than it is now. Currently tax deductions or credits are only available to men to be able to claim a", "title": "Gender equality in Morocco" }, { "docid": "21041115", "text": "Susan Tex Green (born August 13, 1953) is an American professional wrestler. She began wrestling at the age of 15 and was trained by The Fabulous Moolah. She was the frequent tag team partner of Sandy Parker, with whom she won the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA)'s NWA Women's World Tag Team Championship. The title reign, however, is unrecognized. In 1976, Green was recognized by Pro Wrestling Illustrated as the Girl Wrestler of the Year. In 1992, she joined the Professional Girl Wrestling Association, holding the promotion's championship and later acting as commissioner. Professional wrestling career Green originally got into wrestling when her father took her to wrestling shows by promoter Joe Blanchard. Starting at the age of five, Sue and her dad had the same seats for ten years. After asking Blanchard for years to train her to wrestle, he finally did. At the age of 14, Green's parents met with Texas Governor John B. Connally and signed a release to allow Green to wrestle on the weekends because it did not interfere with school. She had her first match on her 15th birthday in Victoria, Texas against Maria DeLeon. While still in high school, Green wrestled in approximately 40 professional matches. After graduating from high school, Green went to South Carolina to meet with The Fabulous Moolah, a promoter for female wrestling, who began booking her for matches. By the age of 20, she had toured in both Vietnam and Hong Kong. She later formed a partnership with Sandy Parker, with whom she defeated Donna Christanello and Toni Rose in November 1971 for the NWA Women's World Tag Team Championship. They re-lost the title to Christanello and Rose in February 1972. The title change is unrecognized. In 1972, after New York legalized women's wrestling, Green participated in the second ever women's match at Madison Square Garden. On August 12, 1972, at Superbowl of Wrestling, Sue Green and Lily Thomas defeated Tippy Wells and Peggy Patterson to win the women's tag team tournament. Also in the 1970s, Green toured with the World Wide Wrestling Federation (later the World Wrestling Federation) and Leroy McGuirk's Mid-West territories. In 1975 Green went to International Wrestling Enterprise in Japan. Green and Peggy Patterson against Chiyo Obata and Kyoko Chigusa. Japanese side Second Terumi Sakura hit the green's back of the head by bucket and Green bloodshed on January 6, 1975, in Korakuen Hall Tokyo, Japan. In 1976 Green was voted Pro Wrestling Illustrateds 1976 \"Girl Wrestler of the Year\". On February 2, 1976, in a shoot match Susan Tex Green put Moolah in a submission hold after being struck in the face and held the woman's championship for several days before being forced by Vince McMahon Sr. to surrender it back. This title reign was not recognized by the WWE. In August 1979 Green broke her neck and back, putting her out of action until August 1982. On August 19, 1984, at Maple Leaf Gardens, Green defeated Donna Christanello. In 1992 the Professional Girl", "title": "Sue Green" }, { "docid": "56763623", "text": "Munokoa Fellesite Tunupopo (born 23 February 1984) is a New Zealand former cricketer who played as a right-arm medium bowler. She appeared in 3 One Day Internationals for New Zealand in 2000, becoming, at age 15, the youngest player to represent New Zealand. She played domestic cricket for Auckland, and was the youngest domestic cricketer on record when she began playing. Early life and career Tunupopo was born in 1984 in Tokoroa, Waikato, in the North Island of New Zealand, and attended Onehunga High School and Auckland Girls' Grammar School. In 1998 she began playing cricket for Auckland in the State Insurance Cup. At 14 years and nine months she was the youngest domestic cricketer in the history of the tournament, and was the leading wicket-taker, with 21 wickets, in the 1999/00 season. In February 2000, she played for New Zealand A against Australia Under-21s before, later that month, making her One Day International debut against England, becoming the youngest ever New Zealand international cricketer, at age 15. She went on to play three matches in the series, but did not take a wicket. References External links Living people 1984 births Sportspeople from Tokoroa New Zealand women cricketers New Zealand women One Day International cricketers Auckland Hearts cricketers People educated at Auckland Girls' Grammar School People educated at Onehunga High School Cricketers from Waikato", "title": "Munokoa Tunupopo" }, { "docid": "47527642", "text": "\"I'm in Love with a Monster\" is a song recorded by American girl group Fifth Harmony for the 2015 animated film, Hotel Transylvania 2. It was written by Harmony Samuels, Carmen Reece, Sarah Mancuso, Edgar Etienne and Ericka Coulter with production handled by Samuels. It was released to digital retailers on August 14, 2015 through Epic Records and Syco Music and serviced to contemporary hit radio in the United States four days later on August 18. \"I'm in Love with a Monster\" is a pop song that blends elements of R&B, soul, and hip hop with \"jazzy\" rhythms along with heavy and funky beats. Critics drew comparisons to the musical style of girl groups such as The Supremes. Lyrically, the track is about someone who is in love with a mischievous person, using \"monster\" as a hyperbole to describe their personality. The song failed to chart in domestic and international charts but did enter the Belgium charts, peaking at number 23. Its music video premiered at the Sony billboard in Times Square on August 27, 2015 and features the group dancing in front and inside a hotel with actors dressed as monsters, in reference to the song's addition in the movie. Each member played a character for this video. Live performances for this track included The Late Late Show, hosted by James Corden and a special radio performance at On Air with Ryan Seacrest. The song was released to digital retailers as a single, and was later featured on the Japanese deluxe edition of the group's debut studio album, Reflection. Recording and release An announcement of the artist involved in the track for Hotel Transylvania 2 was first made public by Lia Vollack, president of Worldwide Music for Sony Pictures Animation, on June 16, 2015. When making the announcement at the press release, Vollack commented that there were \"few groups out there\" that could match the \"incredibly fun feel\" and the \"animated vision\" that Genndy Tartakovsky brought to the movie and stated that Fifth Harmony \"knocked it out of the park.\" According to Vollack, the track was exactly what \"we were hoping for.\" A preview of \"I'm in Love with a Monster\" was featured in a trailer for the movie which was released on June 17, 2015. The song was released for digital download on August 14. and serviced to contemporary hit radio four days later on August 18. \"I'm in Love with a Monster\" was written by Harmony Samuels, Carmen Reece, Sarah Mancuso, Edgar Etienne and Ericka Coulter. Samuels also produced the track, as well as being responsible for trombones, drums, percussion, bass and vocal production. When speaking on working with group, Samuels, who previously worked on the Reflection track \"Body Rock\" stated that the girls knew how to \"work among themselves\" and made the production process \"very easy\". In other interviews, he called the group \"mature\" and that after several years recording music, they are \"starting to explore their individualities\", which was a goal producing this track. Composition", "title": "I'm in Love with a Monster" }, { "docid": "2186018", "text": "Mary A. Conlon (1870–1936) was an American elementary school principal who served as the first principal of Walton High School in New York City. Education Conlon graduated from Hunter College and did graduate work at multiple schools including Columbia University, New York University, and Fordham University. Career In the early 1900s, Conlon worked with Julia Lathers to establish the Bronx Day Nursery, first called the Abby Day Nursery, which was located at Abby House on East 142nd Street in New York City. She had noticed that some of her students had to miss school to take care of their younger siblings when unexpected events arose; Conlon realized that a nursery would allow her students to attend school more regularly if their parents had to work. In 1922, Conlon was part of a group of educators that examined the patriotism of history texts in schools books being used in New York City classrooms. She also investigated schools in Gary, Indiana, Detroit, and Chicago. Conlon was principal of the elementary school Public School 30 (P.S. 30) in the South Bronx. She started a junior high school for girls, and an evening school that was called the Evening Industrial High School, and 1914 was principal of the Evening High School in the Bronx. In 1923 she was named principal of the Walton Senior-Junior High School, which was divided into separate schools for junior high and senior high school in 1930. The Walton school is named after Mary Walton, the wife of Lewis Morris, a U.S. Constitution signatory. The school was first established in P.S. 30 next to the churchyard where Mary Walton and her husband are buried. The first graduation took place in January 1926 with 126 girls. From 1930 Conlon spent two years supervising the construction of a new building on Jerome Avenue and West 195th Street to house the school. In 1932, Conlon started as principal of the newly-opened Walton High for Girls school. While serving as principal, she testified before a 1930 United States Congress investigation into communist activities, and Conlon shared details about students at Walton Junior-Senior High School taking unexcused absences to celebrate May Day, also known as International Workers' Day. She also brought Greek into the classroom at Walton High School, the first time it was offered at public high schools in the Bronx. She served as principal of Walton High School until her death in 1936. Conlon died on November 17, 1936, and the New York Times obituary described her work on schools in New York, the founding of the Abby Day Nursery, and her involvement in the High School Principals Association. References 1870 births 1936 deaths American women educators Educators from New York City", "title": "Mary A. Conlon" }, { "docid": "70951526", "text": "Abril Zamora Peláez (born 11 November 1981) is a Spanish actress, screenwriter, and director with a long career in film, television, and theater. She rose to prominence as Luna in the FOX Spain television series Vis a Vis, which gave visibility to the LGBT+ reality through fiction. Biography Abril Zamora Peláez was born in Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona on 11 November 1981. She made her gender transition visible through her personal social networks, and since then she has demanded both greater diversity in characters and more opportunities for the transgender community in the audiovisual media. However, for her, it is also important to speak openly about her past, of which she is also proud. In 2018, she participated in the documentary directed by Fernando González Molina The Best Day of My Life, which shows six LGBT people who gather in Madrid for the celebration of International LGBT Pride Day and who dare to live as they are with pride, joy, and commitment. She also stated that she always knew she was a girl but did not identify with the trans label because gender does not really define her. Career path She started acting when she was a teenager, playing King Arthur in a school play, Merlín el encantador. Together with Sergio Caballero, she set up the theater company Oscura Teatre, with which she made the plays El congelador (2008), La indiferencia de los armadillos (2009), and Todas muertas (2010), all three with text by Zamora. In 2014, she premiered the play Yernos que aman, a tragicomic choral story that she performed for four seasons at La Pensión de Las Pulgas in Madrid, directed by herself and in which she played one of the characters. In acting, she has played small roles in the television series Los Serrano (2007), Los hombres de Paco (2008), Hospital central (2009), La que se avecina (2014) and Anclados (2015). In addition to starring in the film Marica tú directed by Ismael Núñez and broadcast on Flooxer. In April 2017, she began her transition, and it was then when she was offered a small role in the series Vis a vis, playing a girl with drug problems in a sequence; but on the test, she liked the team, and that nameless character grew and became Luna during the third and fourth seasons of the series. With this role, she gained more popularity and got a nomination for Best Newcomer Actress at the Actors and Actresses Union Awards. In 2019, she created a series for Telecinco called Señoras del (h)AMPA, for which she was also director and screenwriter during its two seasons and which revolves around a group of mothers of an AMPA who kill a person by mistake. The same year, she joined the screenwriting team of the Netflix series Élite. She also participated in the film ¿A quién te llevarías a una isla desierta? by Jota Linares and, a year later, in the Italian film The Life Ahead, where she shared the screen with Sophia", "title": "Abril Zamora" }, { "docid": "31385103", "text": "My Valentine Girls is a romantic comedy film directed by Dominic Zapata, Andoy Ranay and Chris Martinez, starring Richard Gutierrez, Rhian Ramos, Solenn Heussaff, Lovi Poe and Eugene Domingo. The film was released in 2011. The film was produced by GMA Pictures. Plot Richard is a novelist who wants to write the perfect love story. The movie tells a trilogy of stories. The movie started with Richard being bothered and insulted by his little sister as he writes his novel. After this, the little girl decided to read the second part of the story as Richard takes a break. Richard returns and is thinking of making a horrific story to end his novel. He originally wanted to make a story with a vampire and werewolf but decided that it just sounds like Twilight so he decided to make an apocalyptic story. At the end, Richard has finally released his book and on his book celebration party. With the re-appearance of all the leading ladies of the three stories there is an announcement of the world coming to an end because of North Korea launching its nuclear missiles. Soulmates Oslec is a taxi driver who cares for his mom and his sister. Aia on the other hand is rich clothing designer. One night while on shift Oslec gets a flat tire and while trying to fix, he is hit by a car driven by Aia. Aia awakens and is yelled at by Oslec on her way home saying that he can't get home ever since he was hit by Aia. Oslec follows Aia to her house and discovers he is dead and is now a ghost. Aia helps Oslec get home and is guilty that she killed Oslec. Oslec goes back to Aia's house saying he got lonely and had no one to talk to. The two eventually become friends and learn more about each other they fall in love with one another. Oslec goes home and over hears that he is not dead. Aia and Oslec visit Osclec's body in the hospital and promise each other once Oslec wakes up they will do everything they did together when Oslec was a ghost. Oslec wakes up but Aia discovers that she is also a ghost when Oslec's mother and sister walk right through her. Oslec is now alive and well but is sad when his mom tells him that she heard that Aia died the other day, so Oslec decides to visit Aia's house and is informed by her father that she is not dead. Oslec goes to the hospital and tells Aia to wake up and that they'll do everything they did in their dreams and leaves her a note. A couple weeks later Oslec is at Enchanted Kingdom with his family when he sees Aia well again. And the two reunite and admit that they love each other. BBF The story starts on Valentine's Day. Where everyone is so busy with all the usual rituals couples do. On the", "title": "My Valentine Girls" }, { "docid": "10269864", "text": "The Fisher-Girl and the Crab is an Indian fairy tale collected by Verrier Elwin in Folk-Tales of Mahakoshal; it comes from the Kurukh, a people living in Chitrakoot, Bastar State. Synopsis A childless Kurukh couple found a gourd by their rice field and started to eat it, but it begged them to cut it open gently. Inside the gourd was a crab, whom the couple decided to adopt. The woman tied a basket to her belly, pretended to be pregnant, and then claimed to have given birth to the crab. In time, the couple married him off, but his wife did not like being married to a crab. She sneaked off while her in-laws were asleep, but the crab sneaked ahead of her. He asked a banyan tree whose it was; it said it was his, and he ordered it to fall down. He then traded his crab shape for a human shape from within the tree. The girl unknowingly met him at a dance and gifted him her ornaments. He arrived before her in his crab shape again and returned her ornaments, but she was frightened. She attempted to sneak out again but stayed behind to watch the crab. After he had put on his human shape, she asked the banyan tree whose it was; it said it was hers; she ordered it to fall down and burn the crab shape. When her husband could not find her at the dance, he came back, and she jumped out, caught him, and took him home. Analysis Tale type Folklorists Stith Thompson and Warren Roberts established an index for South Asian folktales based on the international Aarne-Thompson Index. In their joint work, titled Types of Indic Oral Tales, they classified the tale as type 441, \"Hans My Hedgehog\", a miscellaneous type that, while still belonging to the cycle of the Animal as Bridegroom and dealing with the marriage between a human maiden and an enchanted animal, lacks the quest for the vanished or missing husband. Motifs Elwin noted that the crab is considered monogamous and an example of domestic fidelity. The tale contains the motif B647.1.1., \"Marriage to person in crab form\". Variants Professor Stuart Blackburn locates variants with the crab husband among tribal groups from India (namely, the Gondi, the Kuruk, and Santal), as well as from Burma (Shan), and northern Laos (Mien). Elwin collected a tale from the Muria people from Markabera with the title The Crab-Prince. In this tale, a Muria couple live alone and plant rice near the bank of a river, when a crab called Kakramal Kuar comes out of the river to eat their rice. The woman asks her husband to prepare a jitka trap for the crab. The Muria man catches the crab and is poised to kill it with an axe, when the crab asks the man to take it home, to which he agrees. Eight days later, the local Rajá is summoning all the young people, men and women, to work in", "title": "The Fisher-Girl and the Crab" }, { "docid": "60827191", "text": "Hope Springs Eternal is a 2018 indie comedy film directed by Jack C. Newell from a screenplay written by Stephanie Mickus. The movie was filmed in Chicago, with scenes in the neighborhoods of River Forest and Arlington Heights. Production offices were set up in a house that would later be demolished in Deerfield, Illinois. The \"mean girls\" in the film are played by three members of the pop band Cimorelli: Amy, Dani, & Lisa. The film was released on iTunes. Plot Hope Gracin is an 18-year-old girl who has had cancer since she was 12. Since then, she has taken advantage of the sympathy and special treatment she receives because of her illness. She has an Australian boyfriend, Kai, whom she met on a Make-A-Wish trip, who after hearing she had a limited time to live, comes back to the US to stay with her. She also has a best friend Sarah, who has cancer, and another best friend Seth, who is always trying to get her out of the pity attitude. Later, Hope finds out that her cancer is in remission, but chooses not to tell anyone yet to keep getting attention, although Sarah, Seth, and Hope's mother Dolores know. The popular girl at school, Zoe, feels sorry for Hope and befriends her. On the bleachers, she invites Hope for a mani-pedi, even though that's when Hope is supposed to study with Seth. When Seth leaves angrily, Hope accidentally says that her cancer is getting worse which leads Zoe to throw a party for her. As they leave, Zoe's other friends bully and break a new girl's phone. She starts getting extra sympathy, and Kai tells her that he loves her, before they kiss. One day, when Sarah visit's Hope, she finds out that Hope hasn't told anyone yet that she's in remission, and berates Hope that she was using cancer as a prop for popularity, attention, sympathy, and an easy life. Angrily, Hope accidentally says that she doesn't care about Sarah, who leaves. Sarah then goes into surgery for a transplant. At a career festival at the school, Seth asks Hope to tell her friends the truth. Zoe and her friends leave, disgusted, and Kai breaks up with Hope, for lying. Hope blames Seth for what her friends and boyfriend did to her, and he also leaves her. Hope's popularity starts to rapidly decrease, and now her teachers stop giving her special treatment. One day, Hope randomly starts talking to someone in the girls bathroom before realizing that she is the new girl whose phone broke while being bullied a few days prior. Her name is Mildred \"Millie\". They become friends, and Hope starts studying in all her free time, to become a pediatric oncologist. Hope tries a few times to meet Sarah to apologize, but she isn't allowed to meet Sarah because she is in recovery from her transplant surgery. Meanwhile, Kai starts dating Zoe. Seth attends the party, which now is a cupcake party instead of", "title": "Hope Springs Eternal (film)" }, { "docid": "23755897", "text": "is a Japanese film director, special effects and makeup effects artist, and a screenwriter who has worked predominantly in the horror genre. Nishimura has been described as \"a legendary director and effects artist\" and \"the Tom Savini of Japan\" with \"talent to burn\". Life and career Nishimura, born on April 1, 1967, had been interested in film from childhood but a major influence on his career was a painting by Salvador Dalí with distorted human bodies that he saw when in elementary school. He majored in law in college. Nishimura has said that he doesn't watch much television or movies but reads horror magazines and gets much of his inspiration from his dreams. He started making films while in junior high school by teaching himself about filming, lighting, special effects and modeling. In 1995 with a small crew he made the independently produced movie Anatomia Extinction (限界人口係数,Genkai jinkō keisū meaning boundary population coefficient). Nishimura wrote the screenplay, directed, and did the special effects. The film was shown at the Yubari International Fantastic Film Festival in February 1995 where it won a Special Jury Award. The film would later form the basis for Tokyo Gore Police. For several years, Nishimura did special effects and special makeup effects for a number of movies including the controversial thriller from Sion Sono, Suicide Club, and Noboru Iguchi's 2003 comedy-romance-horror . In 2005, he did the special effects for the science fiction horror film directed by Yūdai Yamaguchi and Jun'ichi Yamamoto. One review of the film says \"the makeup and special effects that the film is sold on are solid. Produced on a very meager budget, the make-up appliances look great.\" Nishimura worked with Noboru Iguchi again in 2008 when he was in charge of special effects and makeup effects for the low-budget action and gore film The Machine Girl. When he finished The Machine Girl, Media Blasters, the USA distributors of the DVD, asked if he wanted to do another movie. He decided to do a re-make of his earlier short film Anatomia Extinction from 1995 and created the science fiction horror movie Tokyo Gore Police. Nishimura co-wrote the screenplay, directed the movie, did the special make-up effects and modeling, and had a small cameo role as well. Nishimura said that one difference was that as director, he could no longer take naps during breaks as he could when he was only concerned with special effects. In 2009, he did the makeup effects on Samurai Princess (also called Samurai Princess: Devil Princess) for director Kengo Kaji, and also on director Kōsuke Suzuki's Stop the Bitch Campaign. For the 2009 production of , Nishimura teamed with Naoyuki Tomomatsu as co-director and with fight choreographer Taku Sakaguchi who had previously worked with Nishimura on Tokyo Gore Police and Meatball Machine. The movie had its world premier at the New York Asian Film Festival on June 26 and opened in Japan August 15, 2009. Nishimura started his own effects company based in Tokyo, Nishimura Eizo Co., Ltd.", "title": "Yoshihiro Nishimura" }, { "docid": "3113661", "text": "Bruna Surfistinha (Portuguese for \"Little Surfer Bruna\") is the pen name of Raquel Pacheco (born 28 October 1984), a Brazilian former sex worker who attracted the attention of Brazilian media by publishing, in a blog, her sexual experiences with clients. Bruna explained in television programs that she was a normal girl, who had been adopted by a high/middle-class family but that at around the age of 17 she left her home and her family because of the traditional family oriented views of her father and to start to live on her own. Bruna appeared in various television programs in Brazil and several periodicals and magazines. Her blog attracted more than 50,000 readers per day. She appeared in some pornographic films in Brazil. In 2005, she released a book entitled (). In just over a month it sold over 30,000 copies in its third edition, and became the best selling book in Brazil. The book was translated into English and published by Bloomsbury Publishing in 2006. Bruna's book also inspired the 2011 Brazilian film Confessions of a Brazilian Call Girl, starring Deborah Secco in the main role, and the 2016 TV series Me Chama de Bruna, starring Maria Bopp in the main role. In 2011, Bruna also appeared in a Brazilian reality show called (local version of The Farm) finishing as the second runner-up (third place). Confessions of a Brazilian Call Girl grossed $12,356,515 in Brazil, first national film after international films in the Brazil 2011 Box Office, thanks to Bruna's popularity with the Brazilian public. Biography Raquel Pacheco was born in Sorocaba, the result of a sexual assault her biological mother had suffered. Her mother decided to abandon her, and within a few days the baby was in an orphanage. After a few months, she was adopted by an upper middle class Paulistana family. In interviews, she pointed out that the discovery of her adoption was one of the deciding factors for leaving home at 17, leaving a farewell letter. She also revealed in interviews that she was a very depressed child and adolescent, always socially isolated, and bullied for being withdrawn. She claims that, although she never lacked material goods, and was well educated in private schools, she did not receive much affection and attention from her parents, always being in the company of the nanny and maids. She was always the subject of humiliation by her brother, who never accepted the fact that her parents had adopted her and taken him from the position of only child, and therefore sole heir. Additionally, the decision that led her to leave home included not wanting not depend on anyone, and to earn her own money. She did not want to wait to graduate from university to start work, as her parents wanted. After leaving home, she lived on the streets. Not wanting to continue like this, and unable to find work, she saw the announcement of a brothel in the newspaper classifieds, and became a prostitute there. Over time, to", "title": "Bruna Surfistinha" }, { "docid": "598401", "text": "Bonnie Jeanne Dunbar (born March 3, 1949) is an American engineer and retired NASA astronaut. She flew on five Space Shuttle missions between 1985 and 1998, including two dockings with the Mir space station. A graduate of the University of Washington, where she earned a Master of Science degree in ceramics engineering, Dunbar became a senior research engineer in Rockwell International's Space Division, where she designed the equipment and manufacturing processes used to fabricate the ceramic tiles used in the Space Shuttle thermal protection system. In 1978, she joined NASA as a flight controller / payload officer, and was a guidance and navigation controller for Skylab during its de-orbiting and re-entry in July 1979. She was selected as one of the nineteen astronaut candidates in NASA Astronaut Group 9 in 1980. She flew in space five times, on the STS-61-A, STS-32, STS-50, STS-71 and STS-89, and trained in Russia as a cosmonaut. Dunbar left NASA to become the president and chief executive officer of the Museum of Flight in Seattle, where she was involved in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education for high school students. From 2013 to 2015, she led the University of Houston's STEM Center and was a faculty member in the Cullen College of Engineering. She became the John and Bea Slattery professor of aerospace engineering at Texas A&M University in 2016, and was the Director of the Institute for Engineering Education and Innovation (IEEI) there from 2016 to 2020. Early life and education Bonnie Jeanne Dunbar was born in Sunnyside, Washington, on March 3, 1949, the oldest of four children of Robert and Ethel Dunbar. She has two younger brothers and a sister. Her father was a United States Marine Corps veteran who returned from World War II and purchased of land in Outlook, Washington, through a lottery for veterans in 1948. She grew up on the farm, could drive a tractor when she was about nine years old, and she helped her father repair tractors. The Future Farmers of America did not accept girls so when she was nine her father started a 4-H club so she could show cattle, which she did until she was eighteen, although she was the only girl. In October 1957, Dunbar and her parents gazed at the night sky, looking for Sputnik, the first artificial satellite. She became fascinated with space, reading science fiction novels by H. G. Wells and Jules Verne, and following the real-life exploits of the Mercury Seven. In 1962, the family went to the Seattle World's Fair, which showcased an imaginary ride into space, a science pavilion and the Space Needle. Dunbar attended Outlook Elementary, a small rural school that went to the eighth grade. When she told the principal that she had an ambition to one day build spacecraft, he recommended that she learn algebra. She attended Sunnyside High School, where she took physics and chemistry and math algebra, trigonometry, analysis and precalculus classes. She was a member of the math club, debate", "title": "Bonnie J. Dunbar" }, { "docid": "71436752", "text": "Ella Christina Jansen (born September 1, 2005) is a Canadian competitive swimmer specializing in freestyle, butterfly and individual medley events. Career A native of Burlington, Ontario, Jansen started swimming for the Burlington Aquatic Devilrays (BAD) at the age of 6 years old. She quickly moved through the levels and started competing at the Provincial level at the age of 8 years old breaking many club records along the way. In 2019 Jansen started training at the Etobicoke Swimming club under Kevin Thornburn. She attended Notre Dame Catholic Secondary School and participated in high school swimming in the season of 2019/2020. At the 2020 OFSAA (Ontario Federation of School Athletic Associations) Jansen beat Victoria Kwan's 2013 OFSAA record of 2:00.40 in the 200 free SC by swimming a time of 1:59.98. She was featured by CTV news that same day. She competed at the swimming trials for the Canadian team for the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, with her highest finish being fourth in both the 1500 meter freestyle and the 200 meter butterfly, in the latter breaking the Ontario age group record previously set by Penny Oleksiak. She did not qualify for the Olympic team, noting afterward that it was \"not quite how I wanted it to go but each day it got a little better and overall, it was an amazing experience.\" Jansen recorded notable results domestically in 2022, winning bronze medals at the Canadian national trials in the 200 meter butterfly, 400 meter freestyle, and 400 meter individual medley. While she did not qualify for the World team, she was named to the Canadian team for the 2022 Commonwealth Games in Birmingham, as well as for the Junior Pan Pacific Swimming Championships in Honolulu. She and teammate Katrina Bellio then lead Etobicoke Swimming club to victory at the Eastern Canadian Championships. Competing in Birmingham as a 16-year old, she made her first major international final, coming fifth in the 400 m individual medley with a time of 4:40.17. Assessing the result afterward, Jansen said \"the goal today was just to make the final. I wanted the time to be under 4:40 so there’s still a lot of room to improve.\" Jansen swam for the Canadian team in the heats of the 4×100 m mixed freestyle relay, helping them qualify to the final. She was replaced by Rebecca Smith in the final, but shared in the team's bronze medal win. She later was part of the finals team in the 4×200 m freestyle relay, swimming the second leg and winning a silver medal. This was Jansen's first major international podium, of which she said she \"didn't expect it going into the meet. It was all so amazing to swim with the girls and get the medal.\" She also reached the final of the 400 m freestyle and placed seventh with a time of 4:10.69, stating that she had come up just short of her goal of going under the 4 minute and 10 second mark. Swimming Canada subsequently named", "title": "Ella Jansen" }, { "docid": "8506118", "text": "Samuel Joseph Haskins (11 November 1926 – 26 November 2009), was a British photographer, born and raised in South Africa. He started his career in Johannesburg and moved to London in 1968. Haskins is best known for his contribution to in-camera image montage, Haskins Posters (1973) and the 1960s figure photography trilogy Five Girls (book) (1962), Cowboy Kate & Other Stories (1964) and November Girl (book) (1967), plus an ode to sub-saharan tribal Africa \"African Image (book) (1967) . He suffered a stroke on 19 September 2009 the opening day of his exhibition to launch Fashion Etcetera at Milk Gallery in New York, and died at home in Bowral, Australia, nine weeks later. Youth Haskins was born in Kroonstad in the province of the Orange Free State of South Africa. His father Ben was a goods inspector on South African Railways. Early creative influences were fueled by an interest in magic tricks, kite making, drawing and the circus. A talented athlete, as a teenager he excelled at hurdling and trained with a circus, resulting in a job offer as a trapeze catcher. Education Haskins' formal higher education was at the Johannesburg Technical College 1945–1948, where he did a general arts course followed by a part-time photographic module. Between 1949 and 1951, he studied at the London School of Printing and Graphic Arts in Bolt Court, later renamed the London College of Printing, and now the London College of Communication. Marriage and children Haskins married Alida Elzabe van Heerden in 1952 and they had two sons; Ludwig (4 August 1955) and Konrad (27 January 1963). They adopted a daughter, Heidi in 1960, but she died in infancy. Alida gave up a career in fashion soon after their marriage to become Haskins' business partner. She played a key role in the launch of his career by acting as a publishing agent for Five Girls when he was still an unknown photographer. She continued to negotiate worldwide publication of his books, apart from Fashion Etcetera, his last project, a book and exhibition in New York, managed by Ludwig. Alida died on 5 December 2012. Haskins' artistic estate is now owned and managed by his son Ludwig. Konrad Haskins, Ludwig's younger brother and only sibling died on 23 March 2014. Career summary Haskins started his career as an advertising photographer in Johannesburg in 1953. He ran what was probably the first modern freelance advertising studio in Africa. He produced commercial work across a very broad spectrum of photography from still life to industrial, fashion and aerial. His first formal creative output was a one-man show at the popular Johannesburg department store John Orrs in 1960. This featured black-and-white photography of models in the studio and included some photographs of dolls made by the young Elisabeth Langsch, who went on to become Switzerland's leading ceramist. His international reputation and his signature photographic passions were established by four key books published in the 1960s. Five Girls (1962) explored a fresh approach to photographing the nude female", "title": "Sam Haskins" }, { "docid": "2351575", "text": "Steve Niles (born June 21, 1965) is an American comic book author and novelist, known for works such as 30 Days of Night, Criminal Macabre: A Cal McDonald Mystery, Simon Dark, Mystery Society, Batman: Gotham County Line, Kick-Ass – The New Girl, and Kick-Ass vs Hit-Girl. He is credited among other contemporary writers as bringing horror comics back to prominence. Early life Niles was born in Jackson, New Jersey on June 21, 1965. He was raised in the Washington, D.C. suburbs, developing various creative interests in music, writing, and making amateur films. He worked in several comic book stores and played in the punk bands Gray Matter and Three, both of which released records on Dischord Records label in the 1980s and 1990s. He often credited late night television horror host, Count Gore De Vol, who was the local horror host on Channel 20, as an early influence. In 2004 Count Gore wrote the introduction to the graphic novel Aleister Arcane, which is about the horror host of the same name. Other influences included Richard Matheson's book I Am Legend, and the works of George A. Romero, John Carpenter and Bernie Wrightson, the latter two of whom he would later work with. He had no formal education in writing following high school, explaining that he learned to write through copious reading. Career Niles' start in the comics industry began with the formation of his self publishing company, Arcane Comix. Niles published, edited, and adapted several comics and anthologies for Eclipse Comics, working on I Am Legend in 1991. He then wrote several titles for Fantaco in the early 1990s, including Bad Moon, Fly in My Eye, and a set of lithographs for Clive Barker's Book of Blood. He worked for a year on Disney's Toy Story Web Adventures, and later worked for Todd McFarlane Productions where he wrote several issues of Spawn, Spawn: The Dark Ages. He also collaborated on Hellspawn with illustrator Ashley Wood after Brian Michael Bendis's departure, and did journalism work for Kiss Magazine, interviewing members of the band Kiss. Niles attempted to shop around his screenplay for 30 Days of Night, but was met with rejection in Hollywood. When IDW Publishing formed, Niles sent his \"reject list\" to Ted Adams, who selected 30 Days of Night as a concept he was interested in. Niles and illustrator Ben Templesmith produced the first issue for free. The book did not sell well, according to Niles, but it was then that film producers took notice of it, and optioned it to be adapted into a film in 2000 or 2001. In 2004 or 2005, Niles formed a joint venture production company, Creep International, with 1990s rocker and film director Rob Zombie. This project has produced two works to date: The Nail (with Nat Jones) through Dark Horse Comics, and Bigfoot (with Richard Corben) through IDW Publishing. Upon placing that venture on hiatus, he then assisted actor Thomas Jane's production company, with the intention of bringing his Criminal Macabre character", "title": "Steve Niles" }, { "docid": "10727875", "text": "Alice Jung (born April 23, 1982) is a former professional \"Current School\" Bicycle Motocross (BMX) racer whose prime competitive years are from 1996-2005. Had the moniker of \"Feisty\". Racing career milestone Note: Professional first are on the national level unless otherwise indicated. Started racing: February 1996 at age 13. She got a BMX bicycle in lieu of a mountain bike due to lack of funds. When she was 13 years old her father gave her $250 for the mountain bike she wanted for Christmas in 1995. To her disappointment she did not have enough for a mountain bike but did have enough for a BMX bicycle, which she settled for. Then she was informed about BMX racing by the salesman and the existence of a nearby BMX track. She was enthralled when she road her new bike in practice on the course. However, she was too apprehensive to actually sign up for a membership and race for a month. First race bike: Dyno Nitro. This was the bike she brought instead of the mountain bike. First race result: Did not qualify (DNQ) in 13 Novice. Sanctioning body: Home sanctioning body district(s): First win (local): First sponsor: First national win: Turned Professional: 1999 First Professional race result: First Professional win: First Junior Women* race result: First Junior Women Pro win: First Elite Women** race result: First Elite Women win: Retired: Her last race was the ABA Grand Nationals in Tulsa, Oklahoma, on November 27, 2005. She came in fifth place in Pro Girl class. Her last national victories were in Pro Girl on both days at the ABA Fallnationals in Phoenix, Arizona, on October 29 and 30, 2005. Height and weight at height of her career (): Ht:\" Wt:lbs. In the NBL/UCI Junior Women; No comparable level exist in the ABA. *In the NBL/UCI it was/is Supergirls/Elite Women; in the ABA it is Pro Girls. Career factory and major bike shop sponsors Note: This listing only denotes the racer's primary sponsors. At any given time a racer could have numerous ever changing co-sponsors. Primary sponsorships can be verified by BMX press coverage and sponsor's advertisements at the time in question. When possible exact dates are given. Amateur/Junior women Bauer Power Racing: 1998-Late March 2001. Jung would turn professional with this sponsor. Professional/Elite Women Bauer Power Racing: 1998-Late March 2001 Hyper Bicycles/Dope BMX: March 25, 2001 – May 22, 2002. Jung along with her partner Mike Gul left Hyper on good terms believing it was time to move on. Prodigy Racing: May 22, 2002-December 2002 Enigma Racing: December 2002-October 2003 Free Agent: October 2003-November 27, 2005. Career bicycle motocross titles Note: Listed are District, State/Provincial/Department, Regional, National, and International titles in italics. Depending on point totals of individual racers, winners of Grand Nationals do not necessarily win National titles. Only sanctioning bodies active during the racer's career are listed. Amateur/Junior Women National Bicycle League (NBL) None American Bicycle Association (ABA) 1997, 98, 99 Girls Arizona State Champion 1999 17 Girls Gold Cup", "title": "Alice Jung" }, { "docid": "927504", "text": "Aparna Popat (born 18 January 1978) is a former Indian badminton player. She was India's national champion for a record equaling nine times when she won all the senior national championships between 1997 and 2006. Early life Aparna Popat was born on 18 January 1978 in Mumbai, Maharashtra into a Gujarati family of Lalji Popat and Heena Popat. She studied at J. B. Petit High School in Mumbai and attended a pre-university course at Mount Carmel College in Bangalore. Aparna also holds a bachelor's degree in Commerce from the Mumbai University. Training background Aparna started playing badminton in 1986 in Mumbai. As an 8-year-old, when she approached Anil Pradhan for coaching, he saw a spark in the girl and told her parents \"Give me this girl and I will put her on the map of Indian badminton\". Being a national champion himself, he helped her develop skills required to face the many challenges of the game. In 1994, she shifted to the Prakash Padukone Badminton Academy in Bangalore to further expand her capabilities. Training under the legendary Prakash Padukone, a former All-England champion, she built up her fitness and learned techniques to be more competitive at the international level. Yearning to expand her learning, in 2002 she shifted to the Sports Authority of India training centre at Kengeri, Bangalore where she learnt the nuances of the game under coach Gangula Prasad. Career Aparna captured her first Senior National title at Hyderabad in 1997. She went on to win the Senior National title till 2006, thereby equaling the Prakash Padukone's record of winning nine consecutive national singles titles. She won her last of the nine Senior Nationals titles at the age of 27 after defeating the 15-year-old Saina Nehwal at Bangalore in January 2006. The highlights of her achievements at the international level are participation in 2 Olympic Games, 1 Asian Games, a silver medal at the World Junior Championships in 1996 and 4 medals in 3 Commonwealth Games appearances. She reached career-high world ranking of 16. 1989: Won the national title (under-12) title at Bangalore. This was the 1st tournament she played at the national level. 1990: Finished runner up in the Nationals in the Sub-Junior girls category (under-15). This was the only year that she did not win the national title in her age group. 1991: Won the National Sub-Junior girls title (under-15). 1992: Retained the National Sub Junior Girls title (under-15) and was finalist in the Junior girls (under-18) category. Also, got a chance to represent India at the World Junior Championships held at Jakarta. This was her maiden international tournament. 1993: Won the Junior National title (under-18) at Pune. 1994: Retained the Junior National title (under-18). Represented India at the World Junior Championships held at Kuala Lumpur. This year she also made her foray into the senior category at the international level being part of the Indian squad for the Uber Cup at Prague. 1995: Retained the Junior National title (under-18). Finalist at the Senior Nationals. 1996:", "title": "Aparna Popat" }, { "docid": "63104882", "text": "The Map of Tiny Perfect Things is a 2021 American science fiction romantic comedy film directed by Ian Samuels, from a screenplay by Lev Grossman, based on his 2016 short story of the same name. It stars Kathryn Newton and Kyle Allen as two teenagers stuck in a time loop. The film was released through Amazon Prime Video on February 12, 2021. It received positive reviews from critics and was nominated for the Critics' Choice Award for Best Movie Made for Television. Plot Mark, a teenage boy, has been stuck in a time loop, repeating the same day over and over again. After many iterations of the loop, Mark has perfected several routines and is able to aid other people by anticipating their movements. Developing a crush on a girl he gives directions to, Mark goes to the community pool to meet her again, saving her from being knocked into the pool by a beach ball. However, his efforts to spend more time with her are constantly frustrated. One day, while Mark is waiting to save the girl from the beach ball, another girl, Margaret, unexpectedly intervenes. Mark tracks her down and discovers that she is also living in the same time loop. Mark and Margaret spend time together. Mark tells her about his desire to go to art school, and his father quitting his job to write a book on the Civil War; she talks about her dream of working as a mission specialist for NASA, and how she has been looking for a missing dog. They become close. Mark brings up possible ways they could break the time loop, but Margaret is not interested in trying to escape it. Every evening she hurries off after receiving a text from a medical student named Jared, who Mark speculates must be her boyfriend. Mark and Margaret decide to look for moments of perfect beauty during the day; Mark conjectures that they might escape the time loop after finding all of them. To cheer Margaret up, Mark creates a mock-up of Tranquility Base in the school gym for her. Later, at his room, she sees a map he has created of the perfect moments. Mark leans in to kiss her, but she avoids the kiss, saying she does not want to be more than friends. The next day, when his dad comes to talk to him about his future, Mark calls him hypocritical for chasing his own dreams while thwarting Mark's. After talking to his sister Emma, Mark learns their dad did not quit his job, but was fired and was too ashamed to reveal it. Mark suggests to Margaret that they might be able to break the loop if they go far away. They buy tickets to Tokyo, but Margaret leaves the plane before takeoff. When the plane crosses the International Date Line, Mark wakes up in his bedroom, realizing the plan did not work. He decides to focus on others in the next loop. He invites his father to", "title": "The Map of Tiny Perfect Things" }, { "docid": "364118", "text": "Mixed-sex education, also known as mixed-gender education, co-education, or coeducation (abbreviated to co-ed or coed), is a system of education where males and females are educated together. Whereas single-sex education was more common up to the 19th century, mixed-sex education has since become standard in many cultures, particularly in western countries. Single-sex education remains prevalent in many Muslim countries. The relative merits of both systems have been the subject of debate. The world's oldest co-educational school is thought to be Archbishop Tenison's Church of England High School, Croydon, established in 1714 in the United Kingdom, which admitted boys and girls from its opening onwards. This has always been a day school only. The world's oldest co-educational both day and boarding school is Dollar Academy, a junior and senior school for males and females from ages 5 to 18 in Scotland, United Kingdom. From its opening in 1818, the school admitted both boys and girls of the parish of Dollar and the surrounding area. The school continues in existence to the present day with around 1,250 pupils. The first co-educational college to be founded was Oberlin Collegiate Institute in Oberlin, Ohio. It opened on 3 December 1833, with 44 students, including 29 men and 15 women. Fully equal status for women did not arrive until 1837, and the first three women to graduate with bachelor's degrees did so in 1840. By the late 20th century, many institutions of higher learning that had been exclusively for men or women had become coeducational. History In early civilizations, people were typically educated informally: primarily within the household. As time progressed, education became more structured and formal. Women often had very few rights when education started to become a more important aspect of civilization. Efforts of the ancient Greek and Chinese societies focused primarily on the education of males. In ancient Rome, the availability of education was gradually extended to women, but they were taught separately from men. The early Christians and medieval Europeans continued this trend, and single-sex schools for the privileged classes prevailed through the Reformation period. The early periods of this century included many religious schools and the first major public schools in the country had been established for males and females. In the 16th century, at the Council of Trent, the Roman Catholic church reinforced the establishment of free elementary schools for children of all classes. The concept of universal elementary education, regardless of sex, had been created. After the Reformation, coeducation was introduced in Western Europe, when certain Protestant groups urged that boys and girls should be taught to read the Bible. The practice became very popular in northern England, Scotland, and colonial New England, where young children, both male and female, attended dame schools. In the late 18th century, girls gradually were admitted to town schools. The Society of Friends in England, as well as in the United States, pioneered coeducation as they did universal education, and in Quaker settlements in the British colonies, boys and girls commonly attended", "title": "Mixed-sex education" }, { "docid": "5133238", "text": "Gus Wasson (born March 28, 1974) is an American former stock car racing driver. Gus is the son of Paul and Kathy Wasson. He competed part-time in NASCAR's Busch Series from 1998–2004. Busch Series Career Wasson made his Busch Series debut in 1998, making a one-off start at Atlanta Motor Speedway in the #49 Hoiles Motorsports Chevy. Wasson qualified 17th and despite spinning out early on the 73rd lap, he stayed in that vicinity for the entire race, and he ended the race with an 18th-place finish. Wasson qualified for five races in 1999. Running the #49 car again, Wasson went out again at Atlanta and did in his season debut as he had in his series debut: finish a solid 18th. Wasson made one other run with the team in 1999, this time coming at Lowe's, where Wasson slid a little to a 25th-place finish. However, the team folded without sponsorship and Wasson moved to the #96 Island Oasis Chevy the other three races. Wasson struggled to find chemistry with this team, only managing a best finish of 31st at Charlotte. Wasson still, though, had the ride for the full 2000 season. However, Wasson only made three of the first six races, and the team split with Wasson, and it would later dissolve a few months later. Wasson only managed a pair of 33rds and a 35th in his starts, but did earn his best qualifying effort of his career at Bristol. Wasson only made one start in 2001, pairing with the same Hoiles team he had driven for in 1999. The team, back together for one race, started it at Darlington. Wasson made it in the race at 35th, but struggled and finished in that same position. Wasson made his lone start in 2002 at Nazareth Speedway, making his first start with ORTEC Racing. He started 42nd, but his day was very short. On the first lap, Wasson crashed and left the race before completing a lap in 43rd position. Wasson is credited to nine races in 2003, a welcome increase to Wasson after some quiet years. He made three starts with ORTEC. He had a pair of 19th at Bristol and Nashville Superspeedway, as well as a 22nd at Kentucky. The other six came in Davis Motorsports's #70 and #0 Chevys. Wasson's best finish with them was a 29th at Atlanta. Wasson had his busiest year in NASCAR was in 2004, when he once again split time with ORTEC and Davis Motorsports. For ORTEC, Wasson managed to match his best career finish: 18th in the season opener at Daytona International Raceway. After ORTEC began shutting down after Texas, Wasson moved to the #10 Race Girl Chevy for Davis Motorsports. Sadly for Wasson, many of the first races were to park the car right after starting, though Wasson did begin to run the full races later in the year. Once that happened, Wasson had a best of 22nd at Nashville. His last career start to this point came", "title": "Gus Wasson" }, { "docid": "63950041", "text": "Bára Skaale Klakstein (née Skaale; born 24 March 1973) is a Faroese football coach and former defender. She was a member of the Faroe Islands women's national team between 1996 and 2013, winning 20 caps. She is the mother of fellow Faroe Islands international player Eyðvør Klakstein and they played together in the senior national team in 2012 and 2013. They became the first parent-offspring combination to play together in a national team in football. The Faroe Islands Football Association (FSF) has described Klakstein as one of the most important figures in the history of Faroese women's football. Football Club career Klakstein debuted for KÍ Klaksvík in 1987 and played until 2016, making 287 1. deild kvinnur appearances and 39 in the UEFA Women's Champions League (formerly known as the UEFA Women's Cup). In September 2010 she played top level football alongside her daughter Eyðvør Klakstein for the first time, when both were included in the KÍ starting line-up for a 2–0 win at Skála on Eyðvør's 15th birthday. International career Klakstein won her first cap for Faroe Islands women's national football team on 25 May 1996, in a 3–0 1997 UEFA Women's Championship qualification defeat by Scotland at Svangaskarð in Toftir. She participated in the Faroe Islands' winning teams at the 2001 and 2003 editions of the Island Games, serving as captain at the latter. The Faroe Islands Football Association (FSF) relaunched their senior women's national team in 2004 after an eight-year hiatus. Klakstein played in their first match, a 2–1 friendly defeat by Ireland. The match was staged in Klaksvík on 12 October 2004, the day before the nations' senior men's teams met at Lansdowne Road, Dublin. In November 2012 Klakstein came to notice when she became the first parent to play alongside their son or daughter in an international football match. Bára started the 6–0 friendly win over Luxembourg, while her 17-year-old debutante daughter Eyðvør substituted in after 61 minutes. The Klaksteins played together on three further occasions during the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup qualification – UEFA preliminary round. The duo \"stood out\" as the Faroe Islands qualified from the group, the first time the nation had progressed from any stage at any level of football. Coaching career In 1995 Klakstein did not play for KÍ Klaksvík, but coached the team instead. She later became involved in coaching the Faroe Islands' youth female national teams, working as an assistant to Jón Pauli Olsen with the Faroe Islands women's national under-17 football team from April 2012. In January 2016 she was appointed as the new head coach of the under-15 girls' national team. Handball Klakstein was also an accomplished handballer. She played on the right wing for Stjørnan and the Faroe Islands women's national handball team. Personal life Bára's husband Eyðun, their son Heðin, and daughter Eyðvør, have all played football for KÍ. In 2015 UEFA included them on a list entitled \"Europe's ultimate footballing families\". The Norðlýsið newspaper compared them to other prominent football families in", "title": "Bára Klakstein" }, { "docid": "46857190", "text": "Dorothy Dunning Chacko (1904 – December 30, 1992) was an American social worker, humanitarian and medical doctor, whose efforts were reported behind the establishment of a lepers' colony at Bethany village, in Ganaur, Sonepat district in the Indian state of Haryana. She was a Hall of Famer of the County of Delaware, Pennsylvania a recipient of the Take the Lead Honour from the Girl Scouts of Eastern Pennsylvania and the Smith College Medal. She was honoured by the Government of India in 1972 with Padma Shri, the fourth highest Indian civilian award. Biography Dorothy Dunning was born in 1904 in Kyoto, Japan to congregational missionary couple, Morton Dexter and Mary Ward Dunning as one among their six children, when they were working in Japan. She did her early schooling there and moving to the US at the age of 16, she completed her school education at the Bradford Academy, Massachusetts in 1921. She did her initial college education at the Smith College in Northampton from where she graduated in 1925, standing first in the examinations. Choosing a career in medicine, she secured a graduate degree in medicine from the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York in 1929 and did her internship at the Metropolitan Hospital Center, New York becoming the first female resident of the hospital. She also passed an advanced course in Hygiene from the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine in 1932. In 1930, she met the Indian pastor, C. Joseph Chacko, who had come to US (1924) for his doctoral research in international law at the University of Columbia and they got married in 1932. She moved to India when Joseph Chacko returned to his home land in June 1932 to join as a faculty member of international law at the University of Punjab. When India got independence in 1947, she acquired Indian citizenship and continued her practice in India. Chacko spent her early Indian days in Kerala, her husband's native place, and practiced medicine and got involved in social activities. She was one of the founders of Mahila Samajam (Women's forum) for the Church of the East in Kerala which, over the years grew to become a 1000-member organization involved in missionary and social activities. Later, she moved to North India, when Joseph shifted his base there, he would eventually retire as the Professor and the Head of the Department of Political Science from the University of Delhi. There, she helped found a lepers' colony, Bethany Baptists Village Leper Colony, at Ganaur, in Sonepat district in Haryana. Initially she started as a teacher at the Woodstock School, Mussoorie but later, resumed her medical career as the Chief Doctor at the Methodist village clinic, New Delhi and served as the chief medical officer of the World Council of Churches conference took place in New Delhi in 1962. She also headed the board of the Christian Medical College, Ludhiana for a period. In 1967, Joseph Chacko accepted the post of a visiting professor at", "title": "Dorothy Chacko" }, { "docid": "10149266", "text": "Jean Evelyn Nidetch (née Slutsky, October 12, 1923 – April 29, 2015) was an American business entrepreneur who was the founder of the Weight Watchers organization. Early life Jean Nidetch was born on October 12, 1923, in the New York City borough of Brooklyn to her parents, David and Mae Slutsky. Hailing from a working-class family, Jean’s parents worked as a cab driver and a manicurist. Graduating from the Girls High School in Bedford, Jean’s academic talents led her to a scholarship offer from Long Island University. She chose, instead, to attend the City College of New York, where she majored in business administration. Career Jean’s career began when she dropped out of school after her father died in 1942. Providing for her family, Jean began working at Mullin Furniture Company, where she earned a mere total of 10 dollars a week ($177 in 2022 dollars). She then worked a quick stint at Man O’War Publishing Company, where she produced sheets for horse players. This job ended when Fiorello La Guardia's campaign for Mayor of New York City focused on ending horse racing, which was detrimental to the industry. Jean later found work at the Internal Revenue Service. After meeting Marty Nidetch at the Internal Revenue Service, the two married on April 20, 1947. After a few months of marriage, the young couple moved to Tulsa, Oklahoma, so Marty could take a job as a credit manager. Marty was then promoted to a manager at a store in Warren, Pennsylvania, which led to the couple’s second move in less than a year. In February 1952, the family moved back to New York, where Marty got a job as a bus driver. Jean stayed home with their ever-growing family. Although Jean decided to stay home as a mother and homemaker, she was involved with many charities in the area, which helped her develop some of the skills she used later to make Weight Watchers a global brand. Jean had struggled with her weight all her life, being an overweight child and young woman. Her struggles led her to the New York City Department of Health Obesity Clinic, where she was told she would need to start a strict diet. Frustrated with her progress and uncommitted to the plan given to her, she chose not to go back to the clinic, saying that the women who ran the clinic had never been overweight in their lives and did not understand the struggle. Instead, she chose to invite six overweight women over to her house, where they could meet weekly to talk about their struggles and discuss diet tricks and tips. She did establish one rule, which was that women should consult with their doctors before entering her support group, which is a rule that Weight Watchers continues to follow to this day. This support group was the beginning of what was soon to be Weight Watchers, as Jean incorporated her group in 1963. Word of mouth grew the brand, and what was", "title": "Jean Nidetch" }, { "docid": "36348127", "text": "Tyan \"Little Girl\" Taylor (born 23 March 1990) is an Australian goalball winger and is classified as a B3 competitor. In 2009, after only a month playing the sport, Taylor was named to the New South Wales team. She made the national team in 2011 and has played in the 2010 World Championships, 2011 IBSA Goalball World Cup and 2011 IBSA Africa Oceania Goalball Regional Champions. She represented Australia at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and 2020 Summer Paralympics in goalball. Personal life Nicknamed \"Little Girl\" because of her size, Taylor was born on 23 March 1990 in Mount Kuring-gai, New South Wales. She has ocular albinism and nystagmus, conditions she was born with, and is tall. Taylor has participated in two extreme sports: skydiving and bungee jumping. In 2021, she worked as a classroom assistant at an early intervention centre. Goalball Taylor is a goalball player, and is a winger and centre. She is classified as a B3 competitor, and has a goalball scholarship with the New South Wales Institute of Sport. When Taylor was ten years old, several years before started the sport, her grandmother made a comment to her after having seen the game that Taylor could play and one day make the Paralympics. Only when she got to high school, in August 2009, did she start playing the sport. After only a month playing the sport, Taylor was selected for the New South Wales team that competed at the 2009 National Championships, where she was the second leading scorer in what was her first major competition. Playing again for New South Wales, she competed in the 2011 National Championships, and was named the tournament's MVP. At the 2012 Australian National Championships, her New South Wales team finished second, and she was awarded the Ladies' MVP and the Kenaghan Medal, which was awarded at the end of the tournament. Taylor made her national team debut in 2010 at the World Championships in Britain. It was the first time the national team had played in three years. The team finished sixth at the 2011 IBSA Goalball World Cup, where she scored her first international goal in a game against the Spain women's national goalball team. She competed in the 2011 IBSA Africa Oceania Goalball Regional Champions that were hosted in Turkey, which served as the Paralympic qualifying tournament. In her first game against New Zealand, her team won 11-4 after leading 7–1 at the half time break. She scored one goal in the team's victory. Australia won the final game against New Zealand by a score of 6–2. She played in the game against New Zealand women's national goalball team with Taylor scoring a pair of goals in the game. Taylor was named to the Aussie Belles that was going to the 2012 Summer Paralympics. That the team qualified for the Games came as a surprise, as the Australian Paralympic Committee had been working on player development with an idea of the team qualifying for the 2016 Summer Paralympics,", "title": "Tyan Taylor" }, { "docid": "62296338", "text": "The Red Phallus is a 2018 Bhutanese Dzongkha-language drama film written and directed by Tashi Gyeltshen. Plot Sangay (Tshering Euden) is a highschool student living with her widowed and controlling father Ap Atsara (Dorji Gyeltshen), who plays the character of Atsara — a sacred character in various festivals and also carves wooden phalli for various rituals. Sangay is bullied in school, partially for her father's profession. Sangay is having an affair with a married man named Passa (Singye) whose occupation as a butcher means his status in the society is very low. Passa is initially kind to Sangay but he eventually starts to berate her when she hesitates to run away to Thimphu with him. 16-year-old girl Sangoi lives with her father, who entertains people in the bazaar. He has his costume, mask and wooden penises with which he performs all the actions (phalluses). Sangoi is withdrawn and depressed, she is fed up with phalluses, school and life. She does not study well and is 4 years behind her peers. Despite that, she is in a relationship with a butcher, who persuades her to run away to the city. The people believe that being a butcher is low and condemn the girl. The psychologist calls Sangoi's father to school and tells him to separate them. Atsara (Sangoi's father) quarrels with Passa (the butcher) and almost kills him. Sangoi wants to leave, but he can't mentally. The butcher then rapes Sangoi during their meeting. Then she endures humiliation from him for a long time and then kills him with a board. Arriving home, when her father was not at home, she cuts off all the phalluses. It can also be seen that the phalluses are dripping with blood. The next day, Atsar's father returns home. After talking to the traveling woman that he quit his job, he goes home afterwards. Release and reception The film was shown in several international film festivals. Tashi Gyeltshen decided not to release the film in Bhutan after Bhutan's censor board cut 12 minutes of the film. The film was picked up by Asian Shadows for international distribution. Critical reception Variety critic Richard Kuipers said that \"[t]hough a tad slow at times, \"Phallus\" leaves a lasting impression\". He also praised Tshering Euden's performance as the lead character. Writing for The Hollywood Reporter, Clarence Tsui described the film as a \"taut and gripping debut.\" Davide Abbatescianni of Cineuropa criticized the performance of the male leads, character development and the rhythm of the narration but praised the sound design and \"visual rigour\" of the film. Alexander Knoth of Asian Movie Pulse praises the film as a \"courageous feature mastering a gritty atmosphere\" and the crew, writing \"[t]he whole crew did an amazing job capturing the feeling of the environment and turning it into a metaphor for the cruel interpersonal proceedings that take place.\" In his review of the film for Eastern Kicks, Andrew Heskins gave it three out of five stars, calling it \"[a]chingly beautiful but equally as", "title": "The Red Phallus" }, { "docid": "64570990", "text": "Xilinnayi Gao (; Uyghur: شىرىن اي گائو Shirinay Gaw; born July 31, 1998), professionally known by her stage name Curley G or Curley Gao, is a Chinese singer-songwriter. She first gained attention in 2017 on the Chinese singing competition show Sing! China. In 2020, she participated in the survival show Produce Camp 2020, finishing first and debuting as the center of the girl group BonBon Girls 303. She was elected as the leader of BonBon Girls 303. In July 2022, she released her first EP to mark the beginning of her solo career. Early life Curley Gao was born on July 31, 1998, in Beijing, China. She is the only daughter of a Han Chinese father from Beijing and a Uighur mother from Xinjiang; her surname Gao is a common Han Chinese surname, while her parents decided to give her an Uighur first name, Shirinay, which is transcribed in Pinyin as \"Xilinnayi\". She was raised in Beijing until the age of 9 and later moved to Singapore with her parents. In Singapore, she attended MacPherson Primary School and Dunman High School. In the United States, attending Berkley School of Music, she took on the English name \"Curley\". She started learning piano as a child and has passed ABRSM Grade 8 piano. In 2012, she finished as a finalist in the songwriting competition Eco Music Challenge with her song This Is Our Paradise. She also wrote a few songs and released them on her SoundCloud when she was in middle and high school . Career 2016–2019: Sing! China and college life Curley Gao auditioned for Sing! China season 1 in 2016 but did not make it through the blind audition. She auditioned again for Sing! China season 2 in 2017 and eventually finished as runner-up of the team mentored by Na Ying. After the show, she signed with 梦响强音. On December 18, 2017, she released her first song 惹哭自己 which was included in 梦想在望, the compilation album of fellow Sing! China contestants. She released several singles with 梦响强音 later, including 颗粒季, the first single written by herself. In January 2019, she moved to Boston and began her study in Berklee College of Music. While in college, she collaborated with different producers and released several songs independently. 2020–2022: Produce Camp 2020, BonBon Girls 303 In early 2020, Curley Gao returned to China and appeared on Tencent's girl group survival show Produce Camp 2020. On July 4, She finished in first place and debuted as the center of BonBon Girls 303. Before the debut, her first EP 停不下来 was released when she was still on the show. On August 11, 2020, it was announced that Curley Gao was elected as the team leader of BonBon Girls 303. On August 12, her single 2030，我想对你说 (2030, I want to tell you) was released as the theme song of the United Nations 2020 International Youth Day Dialogue. She gave a speech titled 用克制生活换更好的未来 (Self-control for a better future) and performed the theme song live as one", "title": "Curley G" } ]	[ "October 11 , 2012" ]
train_45951	where does the protein in ensure come from	[ { "docid": "6066671", "text": "Ensure is an American brand of nutritional supplements and meal replacements manufactured by Abbott Laboratories. A 237-ml (8-fl oz) bottle of Ensure Original contains 220 calories, six grams of fat, 15 grams of sugar, and nine grams of protein. The top six ingredients are water, corn maltodextrin, sugar, milk protein concentrate, canola oil, and soy protein isolate. Ensure is considered lactose-free for people with lactose intolerance. History In 1903, Harry C. Moores and Stanley M. Ross launched the \"Moores & Ross Milk Company\", which specialized in bottling milk for home delivery for the first few years. By 1964, however, the company merged with Abbott Laboratories. A drink called Ensure was first marketed by Ross Laboratories in 1973. In the 1990s, Ensure and other nutritional drink products like Mead Johnson's Sustacal and Nestlé's Boost and Resource brands were fiercely competing to capture market share among healthy adults. In 1996, Ensure had sales of about $300 million and accounted for 80% of protein supplement sales; Abbott spent $45.4 million to advertise Ensure during the first nine months of 1996, around 70% more than it spent during the same period of 1995. Criticism In 1995, the Center for Science in the Public Interest said that ads for Ensure were \"the most misleading food ad\" of that year. In 1997, Abbott settled charges from the Federal Trade Commission that it was falsely marketing Ensure as having similar amounts of vitamins as multivitamin supplements, and as recommended by doctors more than any other nutritional supplement as a way for people to stay active and healthy. Ensure has been used in the force feeding of hunger-striking prisoners at the United States' Guantanamo Bay detention camps. Products When Abbott split off its pharmaceuticals division, Abbvie, in 2013, the Ensure product line remained with Abbott along with other nutritional products. As of 2016, variants of Ensure included: Ensure Original Ensure Original Pudding Ensure Plus Ensure Gold Ensure Sport Ensure Enlive Ensure High Protein Ensure Clear Ensure Light Ensure Compact Ensure Original Nutrition Powder Ensure Muscle Health As of 2016, Ensure Complete had been discontinued. See also Dietary supplement Force-feeding Liquid diet Protein shake Therapeutic food References External links Dietary supplements Abbott Laboratories", "title": "Ensure" }, { "docid": "36442869", "text": "Extrusion in food processing consists of forcing soft mixed ingredients through an opening in a perforated plate or die designed to produce the required shape. The extruded food is then cut to a specific size by blades. The machine which forces the mix through the die is an extruder, and the mix is known as the extrudate. The extruder is typically a large, rotating screw tightly fitting within a stationary barrel, at the end of which is the die. Extrusion enables mass production of food via a continuous, efficient system that ensures uniformity of the final product. These include some pasta, breads (croutons, bread sticks, and flat breads), many breakfast cereals and ready-to-eat snacks, confectionery, pre-made cookie dough, some baby foods, full-fat soy, textured vegetable protein, some beverages, and dry and semi-moist pet foods. Food products manufactured using extrusion usually have a high starch content. Process In the extrusion process, raw materials are first ground to the correct particle size, usually the consistency of coarse flour. The dry mix is passed through a pre-conditioner, in which other ingredients are added depending on the target product; these may be liquid sugar, fats, dyes, meats or water. Steam is injected to start the cooking process, and the preconditioned mix (extrudate) is then passed through an extruder. The extruder is a large, rotating screw tightly fitting within a stationary barrel, at the end of which is the die. The extruder's rotating screw forces the extrudate towards and through the die. The extrudate is in the extruder for the residence time. Many extruded products puff and change texture as they are extruded because of the reduction of forces and release of moisture and heat. The extent to which it does so is known as the expansion ratio. The extrudate is cut to the desired length by blades at the output of the extruder, which rotate about the die openings at a specific speed. The product is then cooled and dried, becoming rigid while maintaining porosity. Cooking takes place within the extruder, where the product produces its own friction and heat due to the pressure generated (10–20 bar). The process can induce both protein denaturation and starch gelatinization under some conditions. Many food extrusion processes involve a high temperature for a short time. Important factors of the extrusion process are the composition of the extrudate, screw length and rotating speed, barrel temperature and moisture, die shape, and rotating speed of the blades. These are controlled based on the desired product to ensure uniformity of the output. Moisture is the most important of these factors, and affects the mix viscosity, acting to plasticize the extrudate. Increasing moisture will decrease viscosity, torque, and product temperature, and increase bulk density. This will also reduce the pressure at the die. Most extrusion processes for food processing are carried out at low to intermediate moisture (moisture level below 40%). High-moisture extrusion is known as wet extrusion, but it was not used much before the introduction of twin screw extruders (TSE),", "title": "Food extrusion" }, { "docid": "1573485", "text": "A high-protein diet is a diet in which 20% or more of the total daily calories come from protein. Many high protein diets are high in saturated fat and restrict intake of carbohydrates. Example foods in a high-protein diet include lean beef, chicken or poultry, pork, salmon and tuna, eggs, and soy. High-protein diets are often utilized in the context of fat loss and muscle building. High-protein fad diets, such as the Atkins diet and Protein Power, have been criticized for promoting misconceptions about carbohydrates, insulin resistance and ketosis. Health effects There is dispute among researchers about the efficacy and safety of various high-protein diets. Efficacy Increased protein consumption is shown to increase muscle mass, improve muscle adaptations to resistance training, and reduce muscle loss in periods of energy and nutrient deficit. High-protein low-calorie diets are often used in the setting of treating obesity. A 2020 review found that a high-protein diet does not significantly improve blood pressure and glycemic control in people with diabetes. Safety In 2001, the American Heart Association’s Nutrition Committee issued a recommendation against some high-protein diets such as the Atkins diet and Protein Power. The committee noted potential health risks of these diets and how there are no long-term scientific studies to support their efficacy and safety. A 2017 review indicated that a high-protein diet (superior to 1.5 g per kilogram of ideal body weight per day) may contribute to life-long risk of kidney damage, including progression of or potentially new onset chronic kidney disease. Though, a 2023 umbrella review found no evidence that higher protein intake (> 0.8 g/kg body weight/day) does specifically trigger CKD. According to the American Heart Association, high-protein diets that contain high amounts of saturated fat increase risk of coronary artery disease and cancer. The following are examples of high-protein fad diets: Atkins diet Dukan Diet Montignac diet Protein Power Scarsdale diet Stillman diet Sugar Busters! Zone diet Protein-sparing modified fast (diet) See also List of foods by protein content Bodybuilding supplement Dietary supplement Human nutrition List of diets Low-protein diet Nutrition References Diets Fad diets Proteins as nutrients", "title": "High-protein diet" } ]	[ { "docid": "3196405", "text": "In immunology, a linear epitope (also sequential epitope) is an epitope—a binding site on an antigen—that is recognized by antibodies by its linear sequence of amino acids (i.e. primary structure). In contrast, most antibodies recognize a conformational epitope that has a specific three-dimensional shape (tertiary structure). An antigen is any substance that the immune system can recognize as being foreign and which provokes an immune response. Since antigens are usually proteins that are too large to bind as a whole to any receptor, only specific segments that form the antigen bind with a specific antibody. Such segments are called epitopes. Likewise, it is only the paratope of the antibody that comes in contact with the epitope. Proteins are composed of repeating nitrogen-containing subunits called amino acids. The linear sequence of amino acids that compose a protein is called its primary structure, which typically does not present as simple line of sequential proteins (much like a knot, rather than a straight string). But, when an antigen is broken down in a lysosome, it yields small peptides, which can be recognized through the amino acids that lie continuously in a line, and hence are called linear epitopes. Significance While performing molecular assays involving use of antibodies such as in the Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA, one should carefully choose antibodies that recognize linear or conformational epitopes. For instance, if a protein sample is boiled, treated with beta-mercaptoethanol, and run in SDS-PAGE for the Western blot, the proteins are essentially denatured and therefore cannot assume their natural three-dimensional conformations. Therefore, antibodies that recognize linear epitopes instead of conformational epitopes are chosen for immunodetection. In contrast, in immunohistochemistry where protein structure is preserved, antibodies that recognize conformational epitopes are preferred. See also Conformational epitope Polyclonal B cell response References Immune system", "title": "Linear epitope" }, { "docid": "11155831", "text": "HLA-DM (human leukocyte antigen DM) is an intracellular protein involved in the mechanism of antigen presentation on antigen presenting cells (APCs) of the immune system. It does this by assisting in peptide loading of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II membrane-bound proteins. HLA-DM is encoded by the genes HLA-DMA and HLA-DMB. HLA-DM is a molecular chaperone that works in lysosomes and endosomes in cells of the immune system. It works in APCs like macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells by interacting with MHC class II molecules. HLA-DM protects the MHC class II molecules from breaking down, and regulates which proteins or peptides bind to them as well. This regulates how and when a peptide acts as an antigen initiating an immune response. Thus, HLA-DM is necessary for the immune system to respond effectively to a foreign invader. Impairment in HLA-DM function can result in immunodeficiency and autoimmune diseases. Genetics The genes for HLA-DM are located in the MHCII region of the human chromosome 6. The genes code for the alpha and beta chains that make up the protein. The gene is nonpolymorphic. Function MHC class II + peptide interactions HLA-DM is an integral protein in the mechanism regulating which antigens are presented extracellularly on APCs. It binds partially to the peptide-binding groove of MHC class II molecules. This can affect how well your immune system responds to foreign invaders. HLA-DM is required to release CLIP from MHC class II molecules, to chaperone empty MHC molecules against denaturation, and to control proper loading and release of peptides at the peptide-binding groove. It also interacts heavily with chaperone protein HLA-DO. All of this ensures proper antigen presentation by an APC, to activate other immune cells. This is critical to rid the body of harmful infections. For example, proper antigen presentation benefits T cell activation, and memory T cell survival and generation. Without it, T cells leaving their site of production and entering the circulatory vessels of the body will not be activated against a danger. The immune system will not be able to kill dangerous or infected cells, and will not react quickly against a second infection. MHC class II molecule stabilization - chaperonal function The low pH of lysosomes could cause denaturation or proteolysis of MHC class II molecules. HLA-DM binding to MHC stabilizes and protects from degradation, by covering hydrophobic surfaces. Antigen degradation could also ensue, resulting in an inability to bind to the peptide-binding groove. Thus, HLA-DM is needed to protect proteins against the lysosomal environment. CLIP release In order to ensure that no false peptides bind to an MHC class II molecule, the peptide-binding groove is occupied by a protein called CLIP. Once a proper peptide is encountered, HLA-DM catalyzes the exchange of CLIP for an antigen peptide. Often, this peptide is retrieved directly from the B cell receptor which internalized it. Through expulsion of CLIP at the proper time, HLA-DM ensures that the correct antigen can bind to MHC molecules and prevent either from degrading. Antigen loading", "title": "HLA-DM" }, { "docid": "52344344", "text": "Phloem loading is the process of loading carbon into the phloem for transport to different 'sinks' in a plant. Sinks include metabolism, growth, storage, and other processes or organs that need carbon solutes to persist. It can be a passive process, relying on a pressure gradient to generate diffusion of solutes through the symplast, or an active process, requiring energy to create membrane-bound transporter proteins that move solutes through the apoplast against a gradient. Passive phloem loading transports solutes freely through plasmodesma in the symplast of the minor veins of leaves. Active transport occurs apoplastically and does not use plasmodesmata. An intermediate type of loading exists that uses symplastic transport but utilizes a size-exclusion mechanism to ensure diffusion is a one-way process between the mesophyll and phloem cells. This process is referred to as polymer-trapping, in which simple solutes such as sucrose are synthesized into larger molecules such as stachyose or raffinose in intermediary cells. The larger molecules cannot diffuse back to the mesophyll but can move into the phloem's sieve cells. Therefore, the synthesis of larger compounds uses energy and is thus 'active' but this strategy does not require specialized proteins and can still move symplastically. History Yuri Gamalei first described the different types of phloem-loading mechanisms in 1989, correlating loading strategy with the leaf's anatomy. He found that plasmodesmatal abundance in the minor veins of leaves was correlated with a plant's loading strategy. Plasmodesmata allow solutes to diffuse through the symplast. Thus, plants with a lot of plasmodesmata are generally passive loaders. Plants with few or absent plasmodesmata are usually active loaders since they do not have a way for solutes to pass through the symplast. In 2001, Robert Turgeon and colleagues found that plasmodesmatal frequency is not the sole indicator of a plant's phloem-loading strategy. While the presence of abundant plasmodesmata does allow for passive, symplastic transport, it does not exclude the possibility of active, apoplastic transport. The amount of plasmodesmata in a leaf is an aspect of a species' anatomy and not necessarily a determinant of phloem-loading strategy. Plants with a polymer-trapping mechanism may have an abundance of plasmodesmata, but this trait alone does not indicate this loading strategy. Therefore, to accurately determine phloem-loading mechanisms, the type and amount of transport solute must also be identified. A plant's phloem-loading strategy can be accurately determined by combining data on solute type, solute concentration and plasmodesmatal abundance. Phloem loading and growth form Active phloem loading requires less carbon, allowing carbon allocation to other sinks in the plant, such as growth. Active phloem loading allows for higher growth potential. Herbaceous plants have a relatively high growth rate and many are active phloem loaders. Active loaders tend to have a high hydraulic conductivity and low solute concentrations, while passive loaders have high solute concentrations and a low hydraulic conductivity. Trees also exhibit high solute concentrations and low hydraulic conductivity and thus are thought to be passive loaders. Based on early research, scientists correlated herbaceous species with active loading and trees", "title": "Phloem loading" }, { "docid": "49595842", "text": "GPATCH11 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the G-patch domain containing protein 11 gene. The gene has four transcript variants encoding two functional protein isoforms and is expressed in most human tissues. The protein has been found to interact with several other proteins, including two from a splicing pathway. In addition, GPATCH11 has orthologs in all taxa of the eukarya domain. Gene G-patch domain containing protein 11 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the gene GPATCH11 and located on chromosome 2, location 2p22.2. It also contains several aliases including CCDC75, and CENPY. The gene is 14,484 bp long and contains 9 exons. Though the function of the protein is not yet known, it is predicted to serve in nucleic acid binding and protein binding. mRNA GPATCH11 has four predicted transcript variants, though only two are known to code for functional protein. Its longest form is unspliced and contains 9 exons whereas the second functional variant has 7 exons with exons 3 and 4 cut out. Protein GPATCH11 has a molecular weight of about 33.3 kdal and is 285 amino acids long. It also comes in a second isoform that is 156 amino acids long. The gene contains a G-patch domain and the DUF 4138 domain. The G-patch domain itself is a novel domain found only in eukarya. BLAST searches of the human gene against bacteria, archaea, and viruses, support this finding. Primary structure The following is the primary sequence of the long form of GPATCH11: The protein is rich in glutamic acid and is very highly charged. In addition, it is low in amino acids such as valine, threonine, phenylalanine, and proline. It is a soluble protein and has a nuclear export signal and bipartite nuclear import signal implying that it is localized in the nucleus. Secondary structure The conserved areas of the protein have a secondary structure composed only of alpha-helices and coiled-coil regions. Tertiary structure The image to the right is the predicted tertiary structure of GPATCH11 based on results obtained from I-tasser. The confidence score was very low though, so reliability is uncertain. However, it does match up with the secondary structure prediction of the protein being composed primarily of alpha-helices and coiled coils. Protein expression Protein expression has been found in the endocrine and nervous system, along with the eye, breast, colon, liver, ovary, and 55 other tissues. Gene expression is found to be about 1.1 times the average. The highest expression is found in the brain and spinal cord, followed by the spleen. There are six areas in the brain where GPATCH11 is expressed above average including the olfactory areas, hippocampus, midbrain, pons, medulla, and cerebellum. In addition, expression levels increase in cancerous tissue compared to normal tissue. Predicted Post-Translational Modification Using various tools at ExPASy the following are possible post-translational modifications for GPATCH11. 3 possible CK2 phosphorylation sites 6 possible PKC phosphorylation sites 2 possible N-mirystoylation sites 6 possible glycation sites Protein Interaction The interaction between GPATCH11 and", "title": "GPATCH11" }, { "docid": "30625026", "text": "The Consensus Coding Sequence (CCDS) Project is a collaborative effort to maintain a dataset of protein-coding regions that are identically annotated on the human and mouse reference genome assemblies. The CCDS project tracks identical protein annotations on the reference mouse and human genomes with a stable identifier (CCDS ID), and ensures that they are consistently represented by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), Ensembl, and UCSC Genome Browser. The integrity of the CCDS dataset is maintained through stringent quality assurance testing and on-going manual curation. Motivation and background Biological and biomedical research has come to rely on accurate and consistent annotation of genes and their products on genome assemblies. Reference annotations of genomes are available from various sources, each with their own independent goals and policies, which results in some annotation variation. The CCDS project was established to identify a gold standard set of protein-coding gene annotations that are identically annotated on the human and mouse reference genome assemblies by the participating annotation groups. The CCDS gene sets that have been arrived at by consensus of the different partners now consist of over 18,000 human and over 20,000 mouse genes (see CCDS release history). The CCDS dataset is increasingly representing more alternative splicing events with each new release. Contributing groups Participating annotation groups include: National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI) Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (WTSI) HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI) Manual annotation is provided by: Reference Sequence (RefSeq) at NCBI Human and Vertebrate Analysis and Annotation (HAVANA) at WTSI Defining the CCDS gene set \"Consensus\" is defined as protein-coding regions that agree at the start codon, stop codon, and splice junctions, and for which the prediction meets quality assurance benchmarks. A combination of manual and automated genome annotations provided by (NCBI) and Ensembl (which incorporates manual HAVANA annotations) are compared to identify annotations with matching genomic coordinates. Quality assurance testing In order to ensure that CDSs are of high quality, multiple quality assurance (QA) tests are performed (Table 1). All tests are performed following the annotation comparison step of each CCDS build and are independent of individual annotation group QA tests performed prior to the annotation comparison. Annotations that fail QA tests undergo a round of manual checking that may improve results or reach a decision to reject annotation matches based on QA failure. Review process The CCDS database is unique in that the review process must be carried out by multiple collaborators, and agreement must be reached before any changes can be made. This is made possible with a collaborator coordination system that includes a work process flow and forums for analysis and discussion. The CCDS database operates an internal website that serves multiple purposes including curator communication, collaborator voting, providing special reports and tracking the status of CCDS representations. When a collaborating CCDS group member identifies a CCDS ID that may need review, a voting process is employed to decide on the final outcome. Manual curation Coordinated manual curation", "title": "Consensus CDS Project" }, { "docid": "240060", "text": "A regulatory sequence is a segment of a nucleic acid molecule which is capable of increasing or decreasing the expression of specific genes within an organism. Regulation of gene expression is an essential feature of all living organisms and viruses. Description In DNA, regulation of gene expression normally happens at the level of RNA biosynthesis (transcription). It is accomplished through the sequence-specific binding of proteins (transcription factors) that activate or inhibit transcription. Transcription factors may act as activators, repressors, or both. Repressors often act by preventing RNA polymerase from forming a productive complex with the transcriptional initiation region (promoter), while activators facilitate formation of a productive complex. Furthermore, DNA motifs have been shown to be predictive of epigenomic modifications, suggesting that transcription factors play a role in regulating the epigenome. In RNA, regulation may occur at the level of protein biosynthesis (translation), RNA cleavage, RNA splicing, or transcriptional termination. Regulatory sequences are frequently associated with messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules, where they are used to control mRNA biogenesis or translation. A variety of biological molecules may bind to the RNA to accomplish this regulation, including proteins (e.g., translational repressors and splicing factors), other RNA molecules (e.g., miRNA) and small molecules, in the case of riboswitches. Activation and implementation A regulatory DNA sequence does not regulate unless it is activated. Different regulatory sequences are activated and then implement their regulation by different mechanisms. Enhancer activation and implementation Expression of genes in mammals can be upregulated when signals are transmitted to the promoters associated with the genes. Cis-regulatory DNA sequences that are located in DNA regions distant from the promoters of genes can have very large effects on gene expression, with some genes undergoing up to 100-fold increased expression due to such a cis-regulatory sequence. These cis-regulatory sequences include enhancers, silencers, insulators and tethering elements. Among this constellation of sequences, enhancers and their associated transcription factor proteins have a leading role in the regulation of gene expression. Enhancers are sequences of the genome that are major gene-regulatory elements. Enhancers control cell-type-specific gene expression programs, most often by looping through long distances to come in physical proximity with the promoters of their target genes. In a study of brain cortical neurons, 24,937 loops were found, bringing enhancers to promoters. Multiple enhancers, each often at tens or hundred of thousands of nucleotides distant from their target genes, loop to their target gene promoters and coordinate with each other to control expression of their common target gene. The schematic illustration in this section shows an enhancer looping around to come into close physical proximity with the promoter of a target gene. The loop is stabilized by a dimer of a connector protein (e.g. dimer of CTCF or YY1), with one member of the dimer anchored to its binding motif on the enhancer and the other member anchored to its binding motif on the promoter (represented by the red zigzags in the illustration). Several cell function specific transcription factor proteins (in 2018 Lambert et al. indicated there", "title": "Regulatory sequence" }, { "docid": "4333004", "text": "Cohesin is a protein complex that mediates sister chromatid cohesion, homologous recombination, and DNA looping. Cohesin is formed of SMC3, SMC1, SCC1 and SCC3 (SA1 or SA2 in humans). Cohesin holds sister chromatids together after DNA replication until anaphase when removal of cohesin leads to separation of sister chromatids. The complex forms a ring-like structure and it is believed that sister chromatids are held together by entrapment inside the cohesin ring. Cohesin is a member of the SMC family of protein complexes which includes Condensin, MukBEF and SMC-ScpAB. Cohesin was separately discovered in budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) both by Douglas Koshland and Kim Nasmyth in 1997. Structure Cohesin is a multi-subunit protein complex, made up of SMC1, SMC3, RAD21 and SCC3 (SA1 or SA2). SMC1 and SMC3 are members of the Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes (SMC) family. SMC proteins have two main structural characteristics: an ATP-binding cassette-like 'head' domain with ATPase activity (formed by the interaction of the N- and C- terminals) and a hinge domain that allows dimerization of SMCs. The head and the hinge domains are connected to each other via long anti-parallel coiled coils. The dimer is present in a V-shaped form, connected by the hinges. The N-terminal domain of RAD21 contains two α-helices which forms a three helix bundle with the coiled coil of SMC3. The central region of RAD21 is thought to be largely unstructured but contains several binding sites for regulators of cohesin. This includes a binding site for SA1 or SA2, recognition motifs for separase cleavage and a region that is competitively bound by PDS5A, PDS5B or NIPBL. The C-terminal domain of RAD21 forms a winged helix that binds two β-sheets in the Smc1 head domain. Once RAD21 binds the SMC proteins, SCC3 can also associate with RAD21. When RAD21 binds on both SMC1 and SMC3, the cohesin complex forms a closed ring structure. The interfaces between the SMC subunits and RAD21 can open to allow DNA to pass in and out of the cohesin ring. While structures are available for many of the subunits and their interfaces, a structure of the entire cohesin complex has not been solved. Our knowledge of the conformation of cohesin comes largely from electron microscopy. These studies have revealed cohesin in numerous conformations including rings, elongated rods and most recently in a folded conformations. It is not known which conformation is predominant inside the cell and whether some are induced by sample preparation. Function The cohesin complex regulates multiple vital cellular processes, such as: Sister chromatids cohesion during Mitosis and meiosis. It keeps the sister chromatids connected with each other during metaphase ensuring that, during cell division, each sister chromatid segregates to opposite poles. Without cohesin, the cell would be unable to control sister chromatid segregation since there would be no way of ensuring whether the spindle fiber attached on each sister chromatid is from a different pole. Other proteins also regulate this process together with cohesin. These are PDS5A, PDS5B, NIPBL and ESCO1 in mammalian cells.", "title": "Cohesin" }, { "docid": "62568641", "text": "H4K5ac is an epigenetic modification to the DNA packaging protein histone H4. It is a mark that indicates the acetylation at the 5th lysine residue of the histone H4 protein. H4K5 is the closest lysine residue to the N-terminal tail of histone H4. It is enriched at the transcription start site (TSS) and along gene bodies. Acetylation of histone H4K5 and H4K12ac is enriched at centromeres. Nomenclature H4K5ac indicates acetylation of lysine 5 on histone H4 protein subunit: Histone modifications The genomic DNA of eukaryotic cells is wrapped around special protein molecules known as histones. The complexes formed by the looping of the DNA are known as chromatin. The basic structural unit of chromatin is the nucleosome: this consists of the core octamer of histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4) as well as a linker histone and about 180 base pairs of DNA. These core histones are rich in lysine and arginine residues. The carboxyl (C) terminal end of these histones contribute to histone-histone interactions, as well as histone-DNA interactions. The amino (N) terminal charged tails are the site of the post-translational modifications, such as the one seen in H3K36me3. H4 histone H4 modifications are not as well known as H3's and H4 has fewer variations which might explain their important function. H4K5ac H4K5 is acetylated by TIP60 and CBP/p300 proteins. CAP/p300 open transcriptional start site chromatin by acetylating histones. H4K5ac has also been implicated in epigenetic bookmarking which allows gene expression patterns to be faithfully passed to daughter cells through mitosis. Important cell-type specific genes are marked in some way that prevents them from being compacted during mitosis and ensures their rapid transcription. H4K5ac appears to prime activity-dependent genes expressed during learning. Lysine acetylation and deacetylation Proteins are typically acetylated on lysine residues and this reaction relies on acetyl-coenzyme A as the acetyl group donor. In histone acetylation and deacetylation, histone proteins are acetylated and deacetylated on lysine residues in the N-terminal tail as part of gene regulation. Typically, these reactions are catalyzed by enzymes with histone acetyltransferase (HAT) or histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity, although HATs and HDACs can modify the acetylation status of non-histone proteins as well. The regulation of transcription factors, effector proteins, molecular chaperones, and cytoskeletal proteins by acetylation and deacetylation is a significant post-translational regulatory mechanism These regulatory mechanisms are analogous to phosphorylation and dephosphorylation by the action of kinases and phosphatases. Not only can the acetylation state of a protein modify its activity, but this post-translational modification may also crosstalk with phosphorylation, methylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation, and others for dynamic control of cellular signaling. Epigenetic implications The post-translational modification of histone tails by either histone modifying complexes or chromatin remodeling complexes are interpreted by the cell and lead to complex, combinatorial transcriptional output. It is thought that a histone code dictates the expression of genes by a complex interaction between the histones in a particular region. The current understanding and interpretation of histones comes from two large scale projects: ENCODE and the Epigenomic roadmap. The", "title": "H4K5ac" }, { "docid": "27884325", "text": "The RecF pathway, also called the RecFOR pathway, is a pathway of homologous recombination that repairs DNA in bacteria. It repairs breaks that occur on only one of DNA's two strands, known as single-strand gaps. The RecF pathway can also repair double-strand breaks in DNA when the RecBCD pathway, another pathway of homologous recombination in bacteria, is inactivated by mutations. Like the RecBCD pathway, the RecF pathway requires RecA for strand invasion. The two pathways are also similar in their phases of branch migration, in which the Holliday junction slides in one direction, and resolution, in which the Holliday junctions are cleaved apart by enzymes. The RecF pathway begins when RecJ, an exonuclease that cleaves single-stranded DNA in the 5 → 3′ direction, binds to the 5' end of a single-strand gap in DNA and starts moving upstream while cleaving the 5' strand. Although RecJ can function without them, single-strand binding protein (SSBP) and the RecQ helicase greatly increase how much the 5' is cut back. When present, SSBP binds to the 3' overhang remaining after RecJ finishes cutting back the 5' strand. By binding to the single-stranded DNA, SSBP ensures that the 3' DNA overhang does not stick to itself through self-complementation. The RecA protein can be loaded onto the SSBP-coated 3' overhang in one of two distinct pathways, one that requires the RecFOR enzyme or one that requires the RecOR enzyme. In the RecFOR pathway, the RecFR complex binds where the single-strand DNA of the 3' meets the double-strand DNA. RecO then displaces SSBP from the ssDNA, although SSBP remains attached to RecO. RecFOR then loads RecA onto a recessed 5' end of this ssDNA-dsDNA junction. The RecR subunit in RecFR then interacts with RecO to form the RecFOR complex. In doing so, the RecR subunit helps to both detach the SSBP molecules from RecO and load molecules of the RecA protein onto the 3' overhang. The RecOR pathway of RecA loading differs from the RecFOR pathway in several respects, most notably its molecular interaction requirements and its ideal DNA substrate. Unlike the RecFOR pathway, the RecOR pathway requires an interaction between RecO and the C-terminus of SSBP. The RecOR pathway also does not need a ssDNA-dsDNA junction to begin loading RecA onto the 3' overhang, whereas the RecFOR pathway typically does to work efficiently. Thus, the RecOR pathway in most conditions is more efficient than the RecFOR pathway in loading RecA. References External links Genetics DNA repair", "title": "RecF pathway" }, { "docid": "16856730", "text": "Caseinolytic peptidase B protein homolog (CLPB), also known as Skd3, is a mitochondrial AAA ATPase chaperone that in humans is encoded by the gene CLPB, which encodes an adenosine triphosphate-(ATP) dependent chaperone. Skd3 is localized in mitochondria and widely expressed in human tissues. High expression in adult brain and low expression in granulocyte is found. It is a potent protein disaggregase that chaperones the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Mutations in the CLPB gene could cause autosomal recessive metabolic disorder with intellectual disability/developmental delay, congenital neutropenia, progressive brain atrophy, movement disorder, cataracts, and 3-methylglutaconic aciduria. Recently, heterozygous, dominant negative mutations in CLPB have been identified as a cause of severe congenital neutropenia (SCN). Structure Gene The CLPB gene has 19 exons and is located at the chromosome band 11q13.4. Protein Skd3 has five isoforms due to alternative splicing. Isoform 1 is considered to have the 'canonical' sequence. The protein is 78.7 kDa in size and composed of 707 amino acids. It contains an N-terminal mitochondrial targeting sequence (1-92 amino acids). After processing, the mature mitochondrial protein has a theoretical pI of 7.53. Skd3 is further processed by the mitochondrial rhomboid protease PARL at amino acid 127. Skd3 has a specific C-terminal D2 domain and proteins with this domain form the sub-family of Caseinolytic peptidase (Clp) proteins, also called HSP100. The domain composition of human Skd3 is different from that of microbial or plant orthologs. Notably, the presence of ankyrin repeats replaced the first of two ATPase domains found in bacteria and fungi. Function Skd3 belongs to the HCLR clade of the large AAA+ superfamily. The unifying characteristic of this family is the hydrolysis of ATP through the AAA+ domain to produce energy required to catalyze protein unfolding, disassembly and disaggregation. Skd3 does not cooperate with HSP70, unlike its bacterial orthologue. The in vitro ATPase activity of Skd3 has been confirmed. Skd3 is a potent disaggregase in vitro and is activated by PARL to increase disaggregation activity by over 10-fold. Indeed, PARL-activated Skd3 is capable of disassembling alpha-synuclein fibrils in vitro. Even though the bacterial orthologue, ClpB, contributes to the thermotolerance of cells, it is yet unclear if Skd3 plays a similar role within mitochondria. The interaction with protein like HAX1 suggests that human Skd3 may be involved in apoptosis. Indeed, Skd3 solubilizes HAX1 in cells and the deletion of the CLPB gene in human cells has been shown to sensitize cells to apoptotic signals. In humans, the presence of ankyrin repeats replaced the first of two ATPase domains found in bacteria and fungi, which might have evolved to ensure more elaborate substrate recognition or to support a putative chaperone function. Either the ankyrin repeats alone or the AAA+ domain were found to be insufficient to support disaggregation activity. With only one ATPase domain, Skd3 is postulated competent in the use of ATP hydrolysis energy for threading unfolded polypeptide through the central channel of the hexamer ring. /> Clinical significance Neonatal encephalopathy is a kind of severe neurological impairment in the newborn with", "title": "CLPB" }, { "docid": "1310186", "text": "A gametocyte is a eukaryotic germ cell that divides by mitosis into other gametocytes or by meiosis into gametids during gametogenesis. Male gametocytes are called spermatocytes, and female gametocytes are called oocytes. Development The development of gametogonia to primary gametocytes is called gametocytogenesis. The further development of primary gametocytes to secondary gametocytes is a part of gametidogenesis. Gametogenesis is the formation or production of gametes (taking place during meiosis). The development and maturation of sex cells also takes place during meiosis. Gametogenesis is also the process of formation in male and female gametes that occur in the gonads (ovary and testis). Both male and female produce gametes. Male gametocytes are called spermatocytes and female gametocytes are called oocytes. The term gametocyte is also used, for example, when talking about gametocytes of species like Plasmodium falciparum or Plasmodium vivax, which transmit malaria. Malaria Gametocytes, the precursors of male and female gametes, of malaria parasites are formed in the human host through the developmental switch from asexual replication in erythrocytes. Although gametocytes are not responsible for clinical symptoms, they ensure the transmission of malaria to another host. Upon taking a blood meal, gametocytes are transferred to a mosquito's midgut lumen, where they differentiate into male and female gametes. After complete sexual reproduction and successive processes of sporogonic development, mature sporozoites accumulate in the vector's salivary gland, ready to be inoculated into a new host. Therefore, the presence of gametocytes in circulation of infected individuals is imperative for malaria to remain endemic in a given community. Male and female gametocytes are the components of the malaria parasite life cycle which are taken up from an infected host bloodstream by mosquitoes and thus mediate disease transmission. These gamete precursors are quite distinct from their asexual blood stage counterparts and this is reflected in their distinct patterns of gene expression, cellular development, and metabolism. Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium falciparum is a protozoan parasite, one of the species that causes malaria in humans. A gametocyte in Plasmodium falciparum is a cell specializing in the transition between the human and the mosquito host. Gametocytes arise from erythrocytic asexual stages. The production of gametocytes directly from hepatic merozoites, which has been described in other species, does not occur in P. falciparum. Gametocytes are capable of inducing specific humoral IgG, and cellular responses, which include induction of TNFa (protein coding), IFNg(gene protein coding) and gd+ lymphocyte proliferation, in addition to immune responses to other stages of the parasite. There has been much debate on the actual point of sexual differentiation and many people have shown that merozoites emerging from a single schizont developed either into further asexual stages or into gametocytes. It has been further shown that the gametocytes from one schizont are all male or all female. This suggests that the trophozoites of the preceding asexual generation were already committed to either sexual development or continuing asexual cycling. In order to adjust to life in such drastically different environments, many changes occur in its cell biology, metabolism, gene expression", "title": "Gametocyte" }, { "docid": "18839572", "text": "A cervical mucus plug (operculum) is a plug that fills and seals the cervical canal during pregnancy. It is formed by a small amount of cervical mucus that condenses to form a cervical mucus plug during pregnancy. The cervical mucus plug (CMP) acts as a protective barrier by deterring the passage of bacteria into the uterus, and contains a variety of antimicrobial agents, including immunoglobulins, and similar antimicrobial peptides to those found in nasal mucus.The CMP inhibits the migration of vaginal bacteria towards the uterus, protecting against opportunistic infections that can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease and the onset of preterm labor. Ensuring the presence and proper function of the CMP is essential in reducing severe infections and promoting overall reproductive health. During pregnancy, the mucus has viscoelastic properties and can be described as cloudy, clear, thick, salty and sticky. It holds innate and adaptive immunity properties allowing for protection of the cervical epithelium during pregnancy. Toward the end of the pregnancy, when the cervix thins, some blood is released into the cervix which causes the mucus to become bloody. As the pregnancy progresses into labor, the cervix begins to dilate and the mucus plug is discharged. The plug may come out as a plug, a lump, or simply as increased vaginal discharge over several days. Loss of the mucus plug does not necessarily mean that delivery or labor is imminent. Having intercourse or a vaginal examination can also disturb the mucus plug and cause a pregnant individuals to see some blood-tinged discharge, even when labor does not begin over the next few days. A cervical mucus plug can allow for identification of an individual's ovulation cycle and serve as fertility indicator. The cervical mucus plug proteome changes throughout an individual's menstrual cycle and allows for identification of specific proteins that may represent different stages of ovulation. Some proteins found within the cervical mucus of patients with endometriosis could serve as potential biomarkers for the disease. Components Cervicovaginal mucus is composed of water, gel-forming-mucins (GFMS), and vaginal flora. GMFS are a combination of proteins and other molecules that are responsible for the viscoelastic properties of the mucus. Cervical mucus is formed by secretory cells within the cervical crypts. Mucus glycoproteins (mucins) provide structural framework for a CMP, they determine the elasticity and fluid mechanics of a cervical mucus plug. Function Mucus within the genital tract serves numerous biological functions such as maintaining mucosa moisture, providing lubrication during intercourse, supporting fertility, and restricting ascending sperm cells during ovulation. The mucus glycoproteins (mucins) mentioned previously have five major components. The first is their ligand function for lectins, adhesion molecules, growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines. Second, they are responsible for binding water in CMPs and determines its hydration state. Third, mucins exclude lager molecules and bacteria which prevents bacterial infections in the lower genital tract. Mucins inhibit diffusion of these large molecules, while smaller molecules can diffuse through the CMP more freely. Fourth, mucins are responsible for the retention of positively charged molecules,", "title": "Cervical mucus plug" }, { "docid": "8209464", "text": "A Tax Gene Product (Tax) is a nuclear protein that has a molecular weight of about 37,000 to 40,000 daltons. Tax gene Tax is produced by members of the retroviral family primate T-lymphotropic virus, which are classified as Deltaretroviruses. This includes Human T-lymphotrophic viruses (HTLVs), bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) and simian T-lymphotropic viruses (STLVs). The tax protein produced from HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 have been most extensively studied. The gene for Tax is found within the pX region between the env gene and one of the long terminal repeats of the viral genome; which is where the name Tax comes from (transactivator from the X-gene region). Tax acts as a transactivator, causing the transcription (production of mRNA from genetic code) of viral proteins in the long terminal repeat that are essential for replication. Role in disease HTLV-1 causes an aggressive form of leukaemia: adult T cell leukaemia (ATL), and Tax has largely been implicated in the oncogenic potential of this virus. In addition to Tax's ability to promote the transcription of viral proteins in the nucleus, it also regulates many human genes. It does this by modulating the activity of several signaling pathways such as: CREB/ATF, NF-κB, AP-1 and SRF. Tax modulates cellular processes by protein-protein interaction (binding with proteins), transcriptional activation (promoting the production of proteins) and transcriptional repression (inhibiting the production of proteins). Cellular processes that Tax dysregulates to produce cancerous cells include the cell cycle and the maintenance of genomic integrity. The cell cycle has four stages (G1, S, G2 and M) and Tax is known to accelerate the transition between G1 and S phase. Two DNA repair pathways (base excision repair and nucleotide excision repair) are affected by Tax, leading to mutations in DNA; a classical hallmark of cancer. Tax also causes aneuploidy (abnormal chromosome numbers), which is a possible cause of transformation (normal cells becoming cancer cells). Many proteins are involved in these processes, including cyclins and cell cycle checkpoint proteins (p53 and Rb). Interesting, HTLV-1 Tax viral gene is known to dampen innate antiviral signaling pathways to avoid host detection and elimination, through SOCS1 and Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Interacting Protein (AIP). Although Tax from HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 can cause cells to become cancerous experimentally, Tax produced by HTLV-2 is less oncogenic than that from HTLV-1 and therefore is thought to be the reason that HTLV-2 is not associated with ATL. References Cell nucleus", "title": "Tax gene product" }, { "docid": "14143743", "text": "Cell cycle checkpoint control protein RAD9A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAD9A gene.Rad9 has been shown to induce G2 arrest in the cell cycle in response to DNA damage in yeast cells. Rad9 was originally found in budding yeast cells but a human homolog has also been found and studies have suggested that the molecular mechanisms of the S and G2 checkpoints are conserved in eukaryotes. Thus, what is found in yeast cells are likely to be similar in human cells. Function This gene product is highly similar to S. pombe rad9, a cell cycle checkpoint protein required for cell cycle arrest and DNA damage repair in response to DNA damage. This protein is found to possess 3' to 5' exonuclease activity, which may contribute to its role in sensing and repairing DNA damage. It forms a checkpoint protein complex with Rad1 and Hus1. This is also known as the Rad9-Rad1-Hus1 or 9-1-1 complex. This complex is recruited by checkpoint protein Rad17 to the sites of DNA damage, which is thought to be important for triggering the checkpoint-signaling cascade. Use of alternative polyA sites has been noted for this gene. This complex plays a role in DNA base excision repair. Hus1 binds and stimulates MYH DNA glycosylase which stimulates base excision repair. Rad9 binds with the strongest affinity to DNA which attaches the complex to damaged DNA. Rad1 recruits other base excision factors. Previous research has suggested that Rad9 is not necessary to repair DNA, but it does not mean it can still play a role in DNA damage repair. If Rad9 is mutated there may be other pathways or mechanisms in DNA repair that can compensate for a loss of function. Role in cell cycle DNA damage can occur as a result of a wide range of environmental and internal stressors, reactive oxygen species, radiation, and exposure to carcinogens, to name a few. In these events, specialized protein kinases ATR and ATM recognize damaged DNA and recruit various proteins to the impaired sites. As a result, ATR and ATM recruit various proteins to the damage site to stop the progression of the cell cycle before division. First, the 9-1-1 complex is recruited and activated by ATR through phosphorylation and forms rings at the damage site. The 9-1-1 complex requires Rad17-RFC, which is independently recruited to the damage site as a cofactor, in order to bind to DNA. Next, Rad-9 is recruited to the site, this time without Rad-1 and Hus-1, and is phosphorylated by ATR again. This activation induces the formation of Rad-9 oligomers around the damaged chromosomes, which serve as a recruiter for CHK-2. Upon arrival at the damage site, CHK-2 is phosphorylated by ATR and released from the damage site to bind to its targets that inhibit the cell cycle progression. This way, Rad9 serves as an adaptor protein that fosters the interactions between key proteins that serve in the cell cycle control system to ensure the integrity of DNA before mitosis", "title": "RAD9A" }, { "docid": "54987630", "text": "EF-Tu receptor, abbreviated as EFR, is a pattern-recognition receptor (PRR) that binds to the prokaryotic protein EF-Tu (elongation factor thermo unstable) in Arabidopsis thaliana (and other members of Brassicaceae). This receptor is an important part of the plant immune system as it allows the plant cells to recognize and bind to EF-Tu, preventing genetic transformation by and protein synthesis in pathogens such as Agrobacterium. Background The plant Arabidopsis thaliana has a genome with only around 135 megabase pairs (Mbp), making it small enough to fully synthesize. It also makes it relatively easy to study, leading to its use as a common model organism in the field of plant genetics. One important use of A. thaliana is in the study of plant immunity. Plant pathogens are able to travel through a plant's vascular system, but plants do not have specific immune cells that can travel this way. Plants also do not have an adaptive immune system, so other forms of immunity are required. One is the use of pattern-recognition receptors (PRR) to bind to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP), which are highly conserved structures on the outside of many invasive organisms. This form of immunity acts on intercellular pathogens, which are ones outside of individual plant cells. PRRs are transmembrane proteins, which have an anchor inside the cell and portions that extend beyond the membrane. They are part of the innate immune system and bind to and prevent the proliferation of pathogens with the PAMPs that they can bind. EF-Tu, a very common and highly conserved protein, is an example of a PAMP that can be found in numerous pathogens. Its function as an elongation factor means that it helps create new proteins during translation in the ribosome. When a protein is being formed, amino acids are connected in a long sequence, known as a protein's primary structure. Elongation factors help coordinate the movement of transfer RNAs (tRNA) and messenger RNAs (mRNA) so they stay aligned as the ribosome translocates along the mRNA chain. Due to its importance in ensuring the accuracy of translation and preventing mutations, EF-Tu is a good target of both immune systems and drug therapies designed to prevent infections and subsequent diseases. Biological function Synthesis EFR, like other proteins, undergoes translation in a cell's ribosomes. After the primary structure of the protein has been formed it must fold into its three dimensional tertiary structure to become functional. This occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). While in the ER, this primary polypeptide chain undergoes a regulatory process known as ER-quality control (ER-QC) to help ensure it folds into the correct 3-D structure. ER-QC process consists of a series of chaperone proteins that help guide the folding of the EFR polypeptide chains, preventing the aggregation of many polypeptide chains into one large group. Proteins that have not folded are kept in the ER until they have folded into their correct 3-D shape. If folding does not occur then the unfolded protein is eventually destroyed. One of the control mechanisms of", "title": "EF-Tu receptor" }, { "docid": "46647836", "text": "Orange carotenoid protein (OCP) is a water-soluble protein which plays a role in photoprotection in diverse cyanobacteria. It is the only photoactive protein known to use a carotenoid as the photoresponsive chromophore. The protein consists of two domains, with a single keto-carotenoid molecule non-covalently bound between the two domains. It is a very efficient quencher of excitation energy absorbed by the primary light-harvesting antenna complexes of cyanobacteria, the phycobilisomes. The quenching is induced by blue-green light. It is also capable of preventing oxidative damage by directly scavenging singlet oxygen (1O2). History OCP was first described in 1981 by Holt and Krogmann who isolated it from the unicellular cyanobacterium Arthrospira maxima, although its function would remain obscure until 2006. The crystal structure of the OCP was reported in 2003. At the same time the protein was shown to be an effective quencher of singlet oxygen and was suggested to be involved in photoprotection, or carotenoid transport. In 2000, it was demonstrated that cyanobacteria could perform photoprotective fluorescence quenching independent of lipid phase transitions, differential transmembrane pH, and inhibitors. The action spectrum for this quenching process suggested the involvement of carotenoids, and the specific involvement of the OCP was later demonstrated by Kirilovsky and coworkers in 2006. In 2008, OCP was shown to require photoactivation by strong blue-green light for its photoprotective quenching function. Photoactivation is accompanied by a pronounced color change, from orange to red, which had been previously observed by Kerfeld et al in the initial structural studies. In 2015 a combination of biophysical methods by researchers in Berkeley showed that the visible color change is the consequence of a 12Å translocation of the carotenoid. Physiological significance For a long time, cyanobacteria were considered incapable of performing non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) as a photoprotective mechanism, relying instead on a mechanism of energy redistribution between the two photosynthetic reaction centers, PSII and PSI, known as \"state transitions\". OCP is found in a majority of cyanobacterial genomes, with remarkable conservation of its amino acid sequence, implying evolutionary constraints to preserve an important function. Mutant cells engineered to lack OCP photobleach under high light and become photoinhibited more rapidly under fluctuating light. Under nutrient stress conditions, which are expected to be norm in marine environments, photoprotective mechanisms such as OCP become important even at lower irradiances. This protein is not found in chloroplasts, and appears to be specific to cyanobacteria. Function Photoactivity Upon illumination with blue-green light, OCP switches from an orange form (OCPO) to a red form (OCPR). The reversion of OCPR to OCPO is light independent and occurs slowly in darkness. OCPO is considered the dark, stable form of the protein, and does not contribute to phycobilisome quenching. OCPR is considered to be essential for induction of the photoprotection mechanism. The photoconversion from the orange to red form has a poor light efficiency (very low quantum yield), which helps to ensure the protein's photoprotective role only functions during high light conditions; otherwise, the dissipative NPQ process could unproductively divert light energy away", "title": "Orange carotenoid protein" }, { "docid": "10036477", "text": "Factor H (FH) is a member of the regulators of complement activation family and is a complement control protein. It is a large (155 kilodaltons), soluble glycoprotein that circulates in human plasma (at typical concentrations of 200–300 micrograms per milliliter). Its principal function is to regulate the alternative pathway of the complement system, ensuring that the complement system is directed towards pathogens or other dangerous material and does not damage host tissue. Factor H regulates complement activation on self cells and surfaces by possessing both cofactor activity for Factor I–mediated C3b cleavage, and decay accelerating activity against the alternative pathway C3-convertase, C3bBb. Factor H exerts its protective action on self cells and self surfaces but not on the surfaces of bacteria or viruses. There are however, important exceptions, such as for example the bacterial pathogen, Neisseria meningitidis (also called the meningococcus). This human pathogen has evolved mechanisms to recruit human FH and down-regulate the alternative pathway. Binding of FH permits the bacteria to proliferate in the bloodstream and cause disease. The ability of Factor H to exert its protective action on self cells and self surfaces is thought to be the result of Factor H having the ability to adopt conformations with lower or higher activities as a cofactor for C3 cleavage or decay accelerating activity. The lower activity conformation is the predominant form in solution and is sufficient to control fluid phase amplification. The more active conformation is thought to be induced when Factor H binds to glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and or sialic acids that are generally present on host cells but not, normally, on pathogen surfaces ensuring that self surfaces are protected whilst complement fixation proceeds unabated on foreign surfaces. Structure The molecule is made up of 20 complement control protein (CCP) modules (also referred to as Short Consensus Repeats or sushi domains) connected to one another by short linkers (of between three and eight amino acid residues) and arranged in an extended head to tail fashion. Each of the CCP modules consists of around 60 amino acids with four cysteine residues disulfide bonded in a 1–3 2–4 arrangement, and a hydrophobic core built around an almost invariant tryptophan residue. The CCP modules are numbered from 1–20 (from the N-terminus of the protein); CCPs 1–4 and CCPs 19–20 engage with C3b while CCPs 7 and CCPs 19–20 bind to GAGs and sialic acid. To date atomic structures have been determined for CCPs 1–3, CCP 5, CCP 7, CCPs 10–11 and CCPs 11–12, CCPs 12–13, CCP 15, CCP 16, CCPs 15–16, CCPs 18–20, and CCPs 19–20. The atomic structure for CCPs 6–8 bound to the GAG mimic sucrose octasulfate, CCPs 1–4 in complex with C3b and CCPs 19–20 in complex with C3d (that corresponds to the thioester domain of C3b) have also been determined. Although an atomic resolution structure for intact factor H has not yet been determined, low resolution techniques indicate that it may be bent back in solution. Information available to date indicates that CCP modules 1–4 is", "title": "Factor H" }, { "docid": "1507044", "text": "The neural plate is a key developmental structure that serves as the basis for the nervous system. Cranial to the primitive node of the embryonic primitive streak, ectodermal tissue thickens and flattens to become the neural plate. The region anterior to the primitive node can be generally referred to as the neural plate. Cells take on a columnar appearance in the process as they continue to lengthen and narrow. The ends of the neural plate, known as the neural folds, push the ends of the plate up and together, folding into the neural tube, a structure critical to brain and spinal cord development. This process as a whole is termed primary neurulation. Signaling proteins are also important in neural plate development, and aid in differentiating the tissue destined to become the neural plate. Examples of such proteins include bone morphogenetic proteins and cadherins. Expression of these proteins is essential to neural plate folding and subsequent neural tube formation. Involvement in primary neurulation Generally divided into four, the process of primary neurulation involves the neural plate in the first three steps. The formation and folding of the neural plate is the first step in primary neurulation. This is followed by the refinement and growth of neural plate cells. The third step of primary neurulation does not involve the neural plate per se, but rather the edges of the neural plate, which come together, turning the plate into the start of the neural tube. With the neural plate having folded into a tube, the neural folds come together to complete the fusion of the neural tube. This process is illustrated in the figure to the right, where the neural plate is shown in purple. The lime green marks the edges of the neural plate, which become the neural folds, involved in the folding of the plate to create the neural tube. The figure demonstrates the development of the neural plate into the neural tube, which is where the neural crest cells are derived from as well. In primary neurulation, the layer of ectoderm divides into three sets of cells: the neural tube (future brain and spinal cord), epidermis (skin), and neural crest cells (connects epidermis and neural tube and will migrate to make neurons, glia, and skin cell pigmentation). Development During the stage of neural plate formation the embryo consists of three cell layers: the ectoderm that eventually forms the skin and neural tissues, the mesoderm that forms muscle and bone, and the endoderm that will form the cells lining the digestive and respiratory tracts. The progenitor cells that make up the precursors to neural tissues in the neural plate are called neuroepithelial cells. Stretched over the notochord, the ectodermal cells on the dorsal portion of the embryo are ultimately the ones that form the neural plate. Approximately half of those cells will be induced to remain ectoderm, while the other half will form the neural plate. There are four stages of neural plate and neural tube formation: formation, bending, convergence, and", "title": "Neural plate" }, { "docid": "73851674", "text": "In biology, the chromosome scaffold is the backbone that supports the structure of the chromosomes. It is composed of a group of non-histone proteins that are essential in the structure and maintenance of eukaryotic chromosomes throughout the cell cycle. These scaffold proteins are responsible for the condensation of chromatin during mitosis. Origin In the late 1970s, Ulrich K. Laemmli and colleagues discovered a backbone structure in eukaryotic chromosomes after they depleted the histone proteins. This backbone was localized along the chromosome axis, and was termed the ‘chromosome scaffold’. Proteins of the scaffold In eukaryotic organisms, the DNA of each cell is organized into separated chromosomes, which are composed of chromatin, a mixture of DNA and many different groups of proteins. Among them, the structural proteins (that are not histones) bind the chromatin fiber around themselves forming a long, continuous axis or backbone that gives the chromosomes their shape. For this reason they are known as the ‘scaffold’ of chromosomes. Three protein groups have been identified as the main components of the scaffold: DNA topoisomerase IIα, condensins, and the KIF4A kinesin. When these proteins are removed, the chromosome shape does not appear and the chromatin fibers spread out. Topoisomerase IIα The enzyme DNA topoisomerase IIα prominently appears along the chromosome axis as part of the scaffold. In mitosis, it is concentrated at the centromeres and the axis along the chromosome arms. It is thought that the protein has a role in untangling the DNA as the loops become more concentrated along the axis during the condensation of the chromosomes. The removal of this protein causes a dramatic loss of the chromosome structure in mitosis, and the cell cycle comes to a stop. SMC family proteins Condensin complexes, formed from the union of SMC2 and SMC4 (among other proteins), are responsible for the condensation of chromosomes. Condensin I regulates the timing of chromosome condensation and is essential for changing the chromatin organization at the beginning of mitosis, from TADs to an array of loops around the chromosome axis. Condensin II drives the compaction of the chromosome loops along the axis. In particular, SMC2 (present in condensin I and II) is detected in the interior of the chromosome as part of the scaffold. When SMC2 is inhibited, the structure of the mitotic chromosome suffers grave defects. KIF4 KIF4A, a chromokinesin, is implicated in the shaping of chromosomes during mitosis. It binds to condensin I through the CAP-G subunit. It is known that KIF4A regulates the behavior of condensin I, because in absence of KIF4A the chromosome axis does not become enriched with condensin I. References Chromosomes Cell biology", "title": "Chromosome scaffold" }, { "docid": "505869", "text": "The lactose operon (lac operon) is an operon required for the transport and metabolism of lactose in E. coli and many other enteric bacteria. Although glucose is the preferred carbon source for most enteric bacteria, the lac operon allows for the effective digestion of lactose when glucose is not available through the activity of beta-galactosidase. Gene regulation of the lac operon was the first genetic regulatory mechanism to be understood clearly, so it has become a foremost example of prokaryotic gene regulation. It is often discussed in introductory molecular and cellular biology classes for this reason. This lactose metabolism system was used by François Jacob and Jacques Monod to determine how a biological cell knows which enzyme to synthesize. Their work on the lac operon won them the Nobel Prize in Physiology in 1965. Most bacterial cells including E. coli lack introns in their genome. They also lack a nuclear membrane. Hence the gene regulation by lac operon occurs at the transcriptional level, by preventing conversion of DNA into mRNA. Bacterial operons are polycistronic transcripts that are able to produce multiple proteins from one mRNA transcript. In this case, when lactose is required as a sugar source for the bacterium, the three genes of the lac operon can be expressed and their subsequent proteins translated: lacZ, lacY, and lacA. The gene product of lacZ is β-galactosidase which cleaves lactose, a disaccharide, into glucose and galactose. lacY encodes β-galactoside permease, a membrane protein which becomes embedded in the Plasma membrane to enable the cellular transport of lactose into the cell. Finally, lacA encodes β-galactoside transacetylase. Note that the number of base pairs in diagram given above are not for scale. It would be wasteful to produce enzymes when no lactose is available or if a preferable energy source such as glucose were available. The lac operon uses a two-part control mechanism to ensure that the cell expends energy producing the enzymes encoded by the lac operon only when necessary. In the absence of lactose, the lac repressor, encoded by lacI, halts production of the enzymes and transport proteins encoded by the lac operon. It does so by blocking the DNA dependent RNA polymerase. This blocking/ halting is not perfect, and a minimal amount of gene expression does take place all the time. The repressor protein is always expressed, but the lac operon (enzymes and transport proteins) are repressed. (But not completely stopped) When lactose is available but not glucose, then some lactose enters the cell using pre-existing transport protein encoded by lacY. This lactose then combines with the repressor and inactivates it, hence allowing the lac operon to be expressed. Then more β-galactoside permease is synthesized allowing even more lactose to enter and the enzymes encoded by lacZ and lacA can digest it. However, In the presence of glucose, regardless of the presence of lactose, the operon will be repressed. This is because the catabolite activator protein (CAP), required for production of the enzymes, remains inactive, and EIIAGlc shuts down lactose", "title": "Lac operon" }, { "docid": "9140923", "text": "In developmental biology, midblastula or midblastula transition (MBT) occurs during the blastula stage of embryonic development in non-mammals. During this stage, the embryo is referred to as a blastula. The series of changes to the blastula that characterize the midblastula transition include activation of zygotic gene transcription, slowing of the cell cycle, increased asynchrony in cell division, and an increase in cell motility. Blastula Before MBT Before the embryo undergoes the midblastula transition it is in a state of fast and constant replication of cells. The cell cycle is very short. The cells in the zygote are also replicating synchronously, always undergoing cell division at the same time. The zygote is not producing its own mRNA but rather it is using mRNAs that were produced in the mother and loaded into the oocyte in order to produce proteins necessary for zygotic growth. The zygotic DNA (genetic material) is not being used because it is repressed through a variety of mechanisms such as methylation. This repressed DNA is sometimes referred to as heterochromatin and is tightly packed together inside the cell because it is not being used for transcription. Characteristics of the MBT Before the zygote undergoes the midblastula transition it is in a state of fast and constant replication of cells. Activation of Zygotic Gene Transcription At this stage, the zygote starts producing its own mRNAs that are made from its own DNA, and no longer uses the maternal mRNA. This can also be called the maternal to zygotic transition. The maternal mRNAs are then degraded. Since the cells are now transcribing their own DNA, this stage is where expression of paternal genes is first observed. Cell Cycle Changes When the zygote begins to produce its own mRNA, the cell cycle begins to slow down and the G1 and G2 phases are added to the cell cycle. The addition of these phases allows the cell to have more time to proofread the new genetic material it is making to ensure there are no mutations. The asynchronous nature of the cell divisions is an important change that occurs during/after the MBT. Cell Motility Timing of MBT The timing of MBT varies between different organisms. Zebrafish MBT occurs at cycle 10, but it occurs at cycle 13 in both Xenopus and Drosophila. Cells are thought to time the MBT by measuring the nucleocytoplasmic ratio, which is the ratio between the volume of the nucleus, which contains DNA, to the volume of cytosol. Evidence for this hypothesis comes from experiments showing that the timing of MBT can be sped up by adding extra DNA to make the nucleus larger, or by halving the amount of cytoplasm. The exact methods by which the cell achieves this control is unknown, but it is thought to involve proteins in the cytosol. In Drosophila, the zinc-finger transcription factor Zelda is bound to regulatory regions of genes expressed by the zygote, and in zebrafish, the homeodomain protein Pou5f3 (a paralog of mammalian POU5F1 (OCT4) has an analogous role.", "title": "Midblastula" }, { "docid": "2896282", "text": "Resilin is an elastomeric protein found in many insects and other arthropods. It provides soft rubber-elasticity to mechanically active organs and tissue; for example, it enables insects of many species to jump or pivot their wings efficiently. Resilin was first discovered by Torkel Weis-Fogh in locust wing-hinges. Resilin is currently the most efficient elastic protein known (Elvin et al., 2005). The elastic efficiency of the resilin isolated from locust tendon has been reported to be 97% (only 3% of stored energy is lost as heat). It does not have any regular structure but its randomly coiled chains are crosslinked by di- and tri-tyrosine links at the right spacing to confer the elasticity needed to propel some jumping insects distances up to 38 times their length (as found in fleas). Resilin must last for the lifetime of adult insects and must therefore operate for hundreds of millions of extensions and contractions; its elastic efficiency ensures performance during the insect's lifetime. Resilin exhibits unusual elastomeric behavior only when swollen in polar solvents such as water. In 2005, a recombinant form of the resilin protein of the fly Drosophila melanogaster was synthesized by expressing a part of the fly gene in the bacterium Escherichia coli. Active studies are investigating potential application of recombinant resilins in biomedical engineering and medicine. Occurrence After its discovery in elastic tendons in dragon flies and wing hinges in locusts, resilin has been found in many structures and organs in arthropods. Resilin is often found as a composite with chitin in insect cuticle, where chitin serves as the structural component. Resilin provides elasticity and possibly other properties. It has been discovered in the salivary pump of assassin bugs (Rhodnius prolixus), tsetse flies, and honey bees, and in the resistance providing mechanism for the venom-dispensing pump of honey bee stingers. Resilin has also been found in the sound production organs of arthropods, such as cicadas and the moth family Pyralidae, where both high elasticity and high resilience of resilin play important roles due to the rapid stress-release cycles of sound-producing tymbals. Besides these structures, resilin exists most widely in the locomotion systems of arthropods. It was discovered in wing hinges to enable recovery from deformation of wing elements, and to dampen the aerodynamic forces felt by the wing; in ambulatory systems of cockroaches and flies to facilitate rapid joint deformation; in jumping mechanisms, resilin stores kinetic energy with great efficiency and releases it upon unloading. It is also abundant in the cuticle surrounding the abdomens of termites, ants, and bees, which expand and swell to a great extent during feeding and reproduction process. Composition of resilin Amino acid constituents Amino acid composition in resilin was analyzed in 1961 by Bailey and Torkel Weis-Fogh when they observed samples of prealar arm and wing hinge ligaments of locusts. The result indicates that resilin lacks methionine, hydroxyproline, and cysteine constituents in its amino acid composition. Protein sequence Resilin was identified to be a product of the Drosophila melanogaster gene CG15920 due to the", "title": "Resilin" }, { "docid": "29539926", "text": "Φ29 DNA polymerase is an enzyme from the bacteriophage Φ29. It is being increasingly used in molecular biology for multiple displacement DNA amplification procedures, and has a number of features that make it particularly suitable for this application. It was discovered and characterized by Spanish scientists Luis Blanco and Margarita Salas. Φ29 DNA replication Φ29 is a bacteriophage of Bacillus subtilis with a sequenced, linear, 19,285 base pair DNA genome. Each 5' end is covalently linked to a terminal protein, which is essential in the replication process by acting as a primer for the viral DNA polymerase. A symmetrical mode of replication has been suggested, whereby protein-primed initiation occurs non-simultaneously from either end of the chromosome; this involves two replication origins and two distinct polymerase monomers. Synthesis is continual and involves a strand displacement mechanism. This was demonstrated by the ability of the enzyme to continue to copy the singly primed circular genome of the M13 phage more than tenfold in a single strand (over 70kb in a single strand). In vitro experiments have shown that Φ29 replication can proceed to completion with the sole phage protein requirements of the polymerase and the terminal protein. The polymerase catalyses the formation of the initiation complex between the terminal protein and the chromosome ends at an adenine residue. From here, continual synthesis can occur. The polymerase The polymerase is a monomeric protein with two distinct functional domains. Site-directed mutagenesis experiments support the proposition that this protein displays a structural and functional similarity to the Klenow fragment of the Escherichia coli Polymerase I enzyme; it comprises a C-terminal polymerase domain and a spatially separated N-terminal domain with a 3'-5' exonuclease activity. The isolated enzyme has no intrinsic helicase activity but may carry out an equivalent function by way of its strong binding to single stranded DNA, particularly in preference to double stranded nucleic acid. This is the property of this enzyme that makes is favorably applicable to Multiple Displacement Amplification. The enzyme facilitates the \"debranching\" of double stranded DNA. Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate cleavage that occurs as part of the polymerization process probably supplies the energy required for this unwinding mechanism. The continuous nature of strand synthesis (compared to the asymmetric synthesis seen in other organisms) probably contributes to this enhanced processivity. Proofreading activity conferred by the exonuclease domain was demonstrated by showing the preferential excision of a mismatched nucleotide from the 3' terminus of the newly synthesized strand. The exonuclease activity of the enzyme is, like its polymerization activity, highly processive and can degrade single-stranded oligonucleotides without dissociation. Co-operation or a 'delicate competition' between these two functional domains is essential, so as to ensure accurate elongation at an optimal rate. The exonuclease activity of the enzyme does impede its polymerization capacity; inactivation of the exonuclease activity by site-directed mutagenesis meant that a 350 fold lower dNTP concentration was required to achieve the same rates of primer elongation seen in the wild type enzyme. Whole genome amplification Φ29 polymerase enzyme is already used in multiple", "title": "Φ29 DNA polymerase" }, { "docid": "4328275", "text": "Carbaminohemoglobin (carbaminohaemoglobin BrE) (CO2Hb, also known as carbhemoglobin and carbohemoglobin) is a compound of hemoglobin and carbon dioxide, and is one of the forms in which carbon dioxide exists in the blood. Twenty-three percent of carbon dioxide is carried in blood this way (70% is converted into bicarbonate by carbonic anhydrase and then carried in plasma, 7% carried as free CO2, dissolved in plasma). Structure Carbaminohemoglobin is a compound that bind to hemoglobin in the blood. Hemoglobin is a protein that is found in red blood cells and it Is crucial for transporting oxygen from the lungs to tissues and organs. Hemoglobin also plays an important role in transporting carbon dioxide from the tissues back to the lungs for exhalation. The structure of carbaminohemoglobin can be described as the binding of carbon dioxide to the amino groups of the global chains of hemoglobin. The process of carbon dioxide binding to hemoglobin is generally known as carbamino formation. This is the source from where the protein gets its name, as it is a combination of carbamino and hemoglobin. Function One of the primary functions of carbaminohemoglobin is to enable the transport of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream. When carbon dioxide is produced as a waste product of cellular metabolism in tissues, the compound is diffused into the bloodstream and it works to react with hemoglobin. When the binding of molecules occurs to form carbaminohemoglobin, it allows for the transport of carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs. One it is in the lungs, carbon dioxide is released from carbaminohemoglobin and can be let out from the body during the exhalation process. This complete process is very important for maintaining the balance of gases in the blood and to ensure that gas exchange is being transported between tissues and organs. Interaction Carbaminohemoglobin interacts with carbon dioxide in a process known as respiratory gas exchange. The interaction involves the binding of carbon dioxide to hemoglobin. Carbon dioxide binds to the protein chains of hemoglobin. The ability of hemoglobin to bind to both oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules is what makes it an important protein to the respiratory system in respiratory gas exchange. The interactions between carbon dioxide and hemoglobin helps in the transport of carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs for eliminations. When carbon dioxide is transported from the tissues, it is produced as a waste product of a set of reactions known as cellular metabolism. Most importantly, the binding of carbon dioxide to hemoglobin plays a part in the buffering of blood pH by preventing the drop of pH due to the production of carbonic acid. Although, the carbaminohemoglobin protein interacts with another protein (like hemoglobin) found in red blood cells, this interaction only takes place in the bloodstream and its products can be expelled. Carbaminohemoglobin does not interact with DNA since DNA is a molecule that is found in cell nucleus and its function is to carry genetic information. Regulation The formation and dissociation of the protein carbaminohemoglobin", "title": "Carbaminohemoglobin" }, { "docid": "46647888", "text": "UPF0739 protein C1orf74 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C1orf74 gene. Gene The gene C1orf74 is a protein-encoding gene on chromosome 1 in humans. It is also known as URLC4 in humans. The locus of this gene is 1q32.2. C1orf74 is 2229 base pairs long. The gene contains two exons. C1orf74 is downstream of the gene interferon regulatory factor 6 or IRF6 in humans. Transcript C1orf74 is transcribed into an mRNA that is 1642 nucleotides long in humans. The transcript contains two exons and one upstream in-frame stop codon. The 5' UTR of this transcript is 343 nucleotides long and the 3' UTR is 570 nucleotides long. Both exons are usually transcribed. A few cases exist where only the second exon was transcribed. A fusion transcript containing IRF6 and the first exon of C1orf74 has also been found, but this transcript results in a short polypeptide. Protein The protein that is encoded by C1orf74 in humans is most commonly known as UPF0739 protein C1orf74. The human version of UPF0739 contains 269 amino acids and weighs 29430 Da. Amino acids 19 to 269 are part of a domain of unknown function known as DUF4504. Within this DUF, there are two conserved sequence motifs LLGYP and SFS. The translational start site of C1orf74 is after the exon-exon junction, which means the protein is made only by translating the second exon. Expression C1orf74 is ubiquitously expressed in most tissues in humans during embryonic development and through adulthood. This gene is expressed throughout the nervous system, mammary and salivary glands, skin, and most internal organs. Function One suggestion of C1orf74's function in humans comes from data that has been published only in NCBI from a paper that will come out later this year by Daigo and Nakamura. The authors found that C1orf74 is up-regulated in lung cancer and they have added the alias URLC4 to this protein (BAQ19750). C1orf74's locus, 1q32.2, has been associated with schizophrenia. This means that C1orf74, or its neighbors, contribute to the risk of schizophrenia. A mutation in IRF6, C1orf74's upstream neighbor, results in cleft palate and Van der Woude syndrome. Mutations in regions upstream and downstream of IRF6, such as C1orf74, may also result in Van der Woude syndrome or these mutations may work with a mutation in IRF6 to result in the disease. Evolution The human gene C1orf74 does not have any known paralogs, but it has many orthologs that contain the same DUF. It has orthologs in most vertebrates and some invertebrates, like worms, leeches and sea snails. Some of C1orf74's orthologs include mouse, hedgehog, chicken, zebrafish, alligator, and leech. C1orf74 has a distant ortholog in white rust (Albugo candida), which is a type of oomycete and not a true fungus. No orthologs were found in plants, fungi, or bacteria. References Human proteins Uncharacterized proteins Genes on human chromosome 1", "title": "C1orf74" }, { "docid": "8598906", "text": "Pharmaceutical formulation, in pharmaceutics, is the process in which different chemical substances, including the active drug, are combined to produce a final medicinal product. The word formulation is often used in a way that includes dosage form. Stages and timeline Formulation studies involve developing a preparation of the drug which is both stable and acceptable to the patients. For orally administered drugs, this usually involves incorporating the drug into a tablet or a capsule. It is important to make the distinction that a tablet contains a variety of other potentially inert substances apart from the drug itself, and studies have to be carried out to ensure that the encapsulated drug is compatible with these other substances in a way that does not cause harm, whether direct or indirect. Preformulation involves the characterization of a drug's physical, chemical, and mechanical properties in order to choose what other ingredients (excipients) should be used in the preparation. In dealing with protein pre-formulation, the important aspect is to understand the solution behavior of a given protein under a variety of stress conditions such as freeze/thaw, temperature, shear stress among others to identify mechanisms of degradation and therefore its mitigation. Formulation studies then consider such factors as particle size, polymorphism, pH, and solubility, as all of these can influence bioavailability and hence the activity of a drug. The drug must be combined with inactive ingredients by a method that ensures that the quantity of drug present is consistent in each dosage unit e.g. each tablet. The dosage should have a uniform appearance, with an acceptable taste, tablet hardness, and capsule disintegration. It is unlikely that formulation studies will be complete by the time clinical trials commence. This means that simple preparations are developed initially for use in phase I clinical trials. These typically consist of hand-filled capsules containing a small amount of the drug and a diluent. Proof of the long-term stability of these formulations is not required, as they will be used (tested) in a matter of days. Consideration has to be given to what is known as \"drug loading\" - the ratio of the active drug to the total contents of the dose. A low drug load may cause homogeneity problems. A high drug load may pose flow problems or require large capsules if the compound has a low bulk density. By the time phase III clinical trials are reached, the formulation of the drug should have been developed to be close to the preparation that will ultimately be used in the market. A knowledge of stability is essential by this stage, and conditions must have been developed to ensure that the drug is stable in the preparation. If the drug proves unstable, it will invalidate the results from clinical trials since it would be impossible to know what the administered dose actually was. Stability studies are carried out to test whether temperature, humidity, oxidation, or photolysis (ultraviolet light or visible light) have any effect, and the preparation is analysed to see if", "title": "Pharmaceutical formulation" }, { "docid": "3587852", "text": "In biology, scaffold proteins are crucial regulators of many key signalling pathways. Although scaffolds are not strictly defined in function, they are known to interact and/or bind with multiple members of a signalling pathway, tethering them into complexes. In such pathways, they regulate signal transduction and help localize pathway components (organized in complexes) to specific areas of the cell such as the plasma membrane, the cytoplasm, the nucleus, the Golgi, endosomes, and the mitochondria. History The first signaling scaffold protein discovered was the Ste5 protein from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Three distinct domains of Ste5 were shown to associate with the protein kinases Ste11, Ste7, and Fus3 to form a multikinase complex. Function Scaffold proteins act in at least four ways: tethering signaling components, localizing these components to specific areas of the cell, regulating signal transduction by coordinating positive and negative feedback signals, and insulating correct signaling proteins from competing proteins. Tethering signaling components This particular function is considered a scaffold's most basic function. Scaffolds assemble signaling components of a cascade into complexes. This assembly may be able to enhance signaling specificity by preventing unnecessary interactions between signaling proteins, and enhance signaling efficiency by increasing the proximity and effective concentration of components in the scaffold complex. A common example of how scaffolds enhance specificity is a scaffold that binds a protein kinase and its substrate, thereby ensuring specific kinase phosphorylation. Additionally, some signaling proteins require multiple interactions for activation and scaffold tethering may be able to convert these interactions into one interaction that results in multiple modifications. Scaffolds may also be catalytic as interaction with signaling proteins may result in allosteric changes of these signaling components. Such changes may be able to enhance or inhibit the activation of these signaling proteins. An example is the Ste5 scaffold in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Ste5 has been proposed to direct mating signaling through the Fus3 MAPK by catalytically unlocking this particular kinase for activation by its MAPKK Ste7. Localization of signaling components in the cell Scaffolds localize the signaling reaction to a specific area in the cell, a process that could be important for the local production of signaling intermediates. A particular example of this process is the scaffold, A-kinase anchor proteins (AKAPs), which target cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) to various sites in the cell. This localization is able to locally regulate PKA and results in the local phosphorylation by PKA of its substrates. Coordinating positive and negative feedback Many hypotheses about how scaffolds coordinate positive and negative feedback come from engineered scaffolds and mathematical modeling. In three-kinase signaling cascades, scaffolds bind all three kinases, enhancing kinase specificity and restricting signal amplification by limiting kinase phosphorylation to only one downstream target. These abilities may be related to stability of the interaction between the scaffold and the kinases, the basal phosphatase activity in the cell, scaffold location, and expression levels of the signaling components. Insulating correct signaling proteins from inactivation Signaling pathways are often inactivated by enzymes that reverse the", "title": "Scaffold protein" }, { "docid": "46319796", "text": "Intracellular transport is the movement of vesicles and substances within a cell. Intracellular transport is required for maintaining homeostasis within the cell by responding to physiological signals. Proteins synthesized in the cytosol are distributed to their respective organelles, according to their specific amino acid’s sorting sequence. Eukaryotic cells transport packets of components to particular intracellular locations by attaching them to molecular motors that haul them along microtubules and actin filaments. Since intracellular transport heavily relies on microtubules for movement, the components of the cytoskeleton play a vital role in trafficking vesicles between organelles and the plasma membrane by providing mechanical support. Through this pathway, it is possible to facilitate the movement of essential molecules such as membrane‐bounded vesicles and organelles, mRNA, and chromosomes. Intracellular transport is unique to eukaryotic cells because they possess organelles enclosed in membranes that need to be mediated for exchange of cargo to take place. Conversely, in prokaryotic cells, there is no need for this specialized transport mechanism because there are no membranous organelles and compartments to traffic between. Prokaryotes are able to subsist by allowing materials to enter the cell via simple diffusion. Intracellular transport is more specialized than diffusion; it is a multifaceted process which utilizes transport vesicles. Transport vesicles are small structures within the cell consisting of a fluid enclosed by a lipid bilayer that hold cargo. These vesicles will typically execute cargo loading and vesicle budding, vesicle transport, the binding of the vesicle to a target membrane and the fusion of the vesicle membranes to target membrane. To ensure that these vesicles embark in the right direction and to further organize the cell, special motor proteins attach to cargo-filled vesicles and carry them along the cytoskeleton. For example, they have to ensure that lysosomal enzymes are transferred specifically to the golgi apparatus and not to another part of the cell which could lead to deleterious effects. Fusion Small membrane bound vesicles responsible for transporting proteins from one organelle to another are commonly found in endocytic and secretory pathways. Vesicles bud from their donor organelle and release the contents of their vesicle by a fusion event in a particular target organelle. The endoplasmic reticulum serves as a channel that proteins will pass through bound for their final destination. Outbound proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum will bud off into transport vesicles that travel along the cell cortex to reach their specific destinations. Since the ER is the site of protein synthesis, it would serve as the parent organelle, and the cis face of the golgi, where proteins and signals are received, would be the acceptor. In order for the transport vesicle to accurately undergo a fusion event, it must first recognize the correct target membrane then fuse with that membrane. Rab proteins on the surface of the transport vesicle are responsible for aligning with the complementary tethering proteins found on the respective organelle's cytosolic surface. This fusion event allows for the delivery of the vesicles contents mediated by proteins such as SNARE proteins. SNAREs", "title": "Intracellular transport" }, { "docid": "62006882", "text": "Anti-CRISPR (Anti-Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats or Acr) is a group of proteins found in phages, that inhibit the normal activity of CRISPR-Cas, the immune system of certain bacteria. CRISPR consists of genomic sequences that can be found in prokaryotic organisms, that come from bacteriophages that infected the bacteria beforehand, and are used to defend the cell from further viral attacks. Anti-CRISPR results from an evolutionary process occurred in phages in order to avoid having their genomes destroyed by the prokaryotic cells that they will infect. Before the discovery of this type of family proteins, the acquisition of mutations was the only way known that phages could use to avoid CRISPR-Cas mediated shattering, by reducing the binding affinity of the phage and CRISPR. Nonetheless, bacteria have mechanisms to retarget the mutant bacteriophage, a process that it is called \"priming adaptation\". So, as far as researchers currently know, anti-CRISPR is the most effective way to ensure the survival of phages throughout the infection process of bacteria. History Anti-CRISPR systems were first seen in Pseudomonas aeruginosa prophages, which disabled type I-F CRISPR–Cas system, characteristic of some strains of these bacteria. After analysing the genomic sequences of these phages, genes codifying five different Anti-CRISPR proteins (also named Acrs) were discovered. Such proteins were AcrF1, AcrF2, AcrF3, AcrF4 and AcrF5. Research found none of these proteins disrupted the expression of Cas genes nor the assembling of CRISPR molecules, so it was thought that those type I-F proteins directly affected the CRISPR–Cas interference. Further investigation confirmed this hypothesis with the discovery of 4 other proteins (AcrE1, AcrE2, AcrE3 and AcrE4), which were shown to impede Pseudomonas aeruginosa’s CRISPR-Cas system. Furthermore, the locus of the genes codifying these type I-E proteins was really close to the one responsible for the type I-F proteins expression in the same group of phages, leading to the conclusion that both types of proteins worked together. However, these first nine proteins shared no common sequence motifs, which would have made easier the identification of new Anti-CRISPR protein families. Later on, it was seen that phages that produced such proteins also encoded a putative transcriptional regulator named Aca 1 (anti-CRISPR associated 1) which was genetically located really close to the anti-CRISPR genes. This regulatory protein is supposed to be the responsible for the anti-CRISPR gene expression during the infectious cycle of the phage, therefore, both types of proteins (anti-CRISPR and Aca1) seem to work together as a single mechanism. After some studies, a similar amino-acid sequence to that of Aca1 was found, leading to the discovery of Aca2, a new family of Aca proteins. Aca2 also revealed the existence of five new groups of type I-F anti-CRISPR proteins due to their genomic proximity: AcrF6, AcrF7, AcrF8, AcrF9 and AcrF10. These proteins were not only present in Pseudomonas aeruginosa’s phages, as they also affected other cells of the Pseudomonadota (formerly Proteobacteria). Thanks to the use of bioinformatic tools, in 2016, AcrIIC1, AcrIIC2 and AcrIIC3 protein families were discovered in Neisseria meningitidis (which", "title": "Anti-CRISPR" }, { "docid": "14754943", "text": "Zinc finger protein SNAI1 (sometimes referred to as Snail) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SNAI1 gene. Snail is a family of transcription factors that promote the repression of the adhesion molecule E-cadherin to regulate epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) during embryonic development. Function The Drosophila embryonic protein SNAI1, commonly known as Snail, is a zinc finger transcriptional repressor which downregulates the expression of ectodermal genes within the mesoderm. The nuclear protein encoded by this gene is structurally similar to the Drosophila Snail protein, and is also thought to be critical for mesoderm formation in the developing embryo. At least two variants of a similar processed pseudogene have been found on chromosome 2. SNAI1 zinc-fingers (ZF) binds to E-box, an E-cadherin promoter region, and represses the expression of the adhesion molecule, which induces the tightly bound epithelial cells to break loose from each other and migrate into the developing embryo to become mesenchymal cells. This process allows for the formation of the mesodermal layer in the developing embryo. Though SNAI1 is shown to repress expression of E-cadherin in epithelial cells, studies have shown homozygous mutant embryos are still able to form a mesodermal layer. However, the mesodermal layer present shows characteristics of epithelial cells and not mesenchymal cells (the mutant mesoderm cells exhibited a polarized state). Other studies show that mutation of specific ZFs contribute to a decrease in SNAI1 E-cadherin repression. SNAI1 and other epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) genes are regulated by several genes and molecules including Wnt and prostaglandins. Wnt3a is a master regulator of paraxial presomatic mesoderm cells (PSM) which differentiate into the musculoskeleton of the trunk and tail. Other genes, most of which act downstream of Wnt include Msx1, Pax3, and Mesogenin 1 (Msgn1). Msgn1 activates SNAI1 by binding to its enhancer and activating SNAI1 to induce EMT. MSGN1 also regulates many of the same genes as SNAI1 to ensure EMT activation, granting the system redundancy. This suggests that Msgn1 and SNAI1 act together through a feed forward mechanism. When Msgn1 is deleted, the mesodermal progenitors do not move from the primitive streak (PS) but still show mesenchymal morphology. This suggests that the Msgn1/SNAI1 axis mostly functions to drive cell movement. Prostaglandin E2 (PE2), an important hormone in homeostasis and maintaining normal fertility and pregnancy, stabilizes SNAI1 post-transcriptionally and, therefore, also plays a role in embryogenesis. When the prostaglandin signaling pathway is compromised, SNAI1 transcriptional repressor activity decreases, increasing E-cadherin protein levels during gastrulation. However, this does not prevent gastrulation from occurring. Clinical significance Snail gene may show a role in recurrence of breast cancer by downregulating E-cadherin and inducing an epithelial to mesenchymal transition. The process of EMT is also noted as an important and noteworthy process in tumor growth, through the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells due to repression of E-cadherin adhesion molecules. Through knockout models, one study has shown the importance of SNAI1 in the growth of breast cancer cells. Knockout models showed significant reduction in cancer invasiveness and", "title": "SNAI1" }, { "docid": "14107236", "text": "Crab meat or crab marrow is the meat found within a crab, or more specifically in the leg of a crab. It is used in many cuisines around the world for its soft, delicate and sweet flavor. Crab meat is low in fat and provides approximately of food energy per serving. Brown crab (Cancer pagurus), blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus), blue swimming crabs (Portunus pelagicus), and red swimming crabs (Portunus haanii) are among the most commercially available species of crabmeat globally. In some fisheries, crab meat is harvested by declawing of crabs. This is the process whereby one or both claws of a live crab are manually pulled off and the animal is then returned to the water. The practice is defended because some crabs can naturally autotomise (shed) limbs and then about a year later after a series of moults, regenerate these limbs. Grades European crab In Western Europe crab meat is derived primarily from the species Cancer pagurus. C. pagurus is a large crab noted for the sweet, delicate flavour of its meat. It is also known as the \"brown crab\", the \"common crab\" or the \"edible crab\". The United Kingdom is the largest fishery for C. pagurus with large fisheries in Scotland and a smaller but substantial fishery in the South West of England in Cornwall and Devon. The best grade of crab meat is \"handpicked\" — this refers to the method by which the crab has been processed (by hand) and ensures the flavour of the crab meat is unadulterated. By contrast \"machine processed crab\" is produced by using water or air to blast the crab meat from the shell which has a detrimental effect on the flavour. C. pagurus crab meat is widely consumed throughout the countries from where it is fished. Due to its short fresh shelf life of around 4 days, much of the crab meat available through retailers is sold from defrosted crab. White crab meat has a natural water content that crystallises when frozen. Once defrosted this leads to an alteration in the texture of the crabmeat and a loss of the natural flavour. This crab meat is also available pasteurised, which avoids the pitfalls of freezing and should, when produced with care, have a flavour almost indistinguishable from fresh crab. C. pagurus contains two types of meat: White meat White crab meat comes from the claws and legs of the crab and while predominantly white in colour it does have a naturally occurring red/brown tinge throughout. White crab is very low in fat and particularly high in protein, it has a delicate, sweet flavour, a sweet aroma and a naturally flaky texture. White crab meat is versatile and while it is consumed largely in sandwiches, it can be used in pastas, risottos, and salads as well as a canape topping. Brown meat Brown meat is from the body of the crab. It has a higher natural fat content, but is also extremely high in Omega-3. 100 g of brown crab contains", "title": "Crab meat" }, { "docid": "37388686", "text": "The minimal genome is a concept which can be defined as the set of genes sufficient for life to exist and propagate under nutrient-rich and stress-free conditions. Alternatively, it can also be defined as the gene set supporting life on an axenic cell culture in rich media, and it is thought what makes up the minimal genome will depend on the environmental conditions that the organism inhabits. By one early investigation, the minimal genome of a bacterium should include a virtually complete set of proteins for replication and translation, a transcription apparatus including four subunits of RNA polymerase including the sigma factor rudimentary proteins sufficient for recombination and repair, several chaperone proteins, the capacity for anaerobic metabolism through glycolysis and substrate-level phosphorylation, transamination of glutamyl-tRNA to glutaminyl-tRNA, lipid (but no fatty acid) biosynthesis, eight cofactor enzymes, protein export machinery, and a limited metabolite transport network including membrane ATPases. Proteins involved in the minimum bacterial genome tend to be substantially more related to proteins found in archaea and eukaryotes compared to the average gene in the bacterial genome more generally indicating a substantial number of universally (or near universally) conserved proteins. The minimal genomes reconstructed on the basis of existing genes does not preclude simpler systems in more primitive cells, such as an RNA world genome which does not have the need for DNA replication machinery, which is otherwise part of the minimal genome of current cells. This minimal genome concept assumes that genomes can be reduced to a bare minimum, given that they contain many non-essential genes of limited or situational importance to the organism. Therefore, if a collection of all the essential genes were put together, a minimum genome could be created artificially in a stable environment. By adding more genes, the creation of an organism of desired properties is possible. The concept of minimal genome arose from the observations that many genes do not appear to be necessary for survival. In order to create a new organism a scientist must determine the minimal set of genes required for metabolism and replication. This can be achieved by experimental and computational analysis of the biochemical pathways needed to carry out basic metabolism and reproduction. A good model for a minimal genome is Mycoplasma genitalium due to its very small genome size. Most genes that are used by this organism are usually considered essential for survival; based on this concept a minimal set of 256 genes has been proposed. Genome reduction in nature Bacteria, Archaea, and Symbionts The smallest known genome of a free-living bacterium is 1.3 Mb with ~1100 genes. However, significantly more reduced genomes are commonly observed in naturally occurring symbiotic and parasitic organisms. Genome reduction driven by mutation and genetic drift in small and asexual populations with biases for gene deletion can be seen in symbionts and parasites, which commonly experience rapid evolution, codon reassignments, biases for AT nucleotide compositions, and elevated levels of protein misfolding which results in a heavy dependence on molecular chaperones to ensure protein", "title": "Minimal genome" }, { "docid": "11472211", "text": "Histamine N-methyltransferase (HNMT) is a protein encoded by the HNMT gene in humans. It belongs to the methyltransferases superfamily of enzymes and plays a role in the inactivation of histamine, a biomolecule that is involved in various physiological processes. Methyltransferases are present in every life form including archaeans, with 230 families of methyltransferases found across species. Specifically, HNMT transfers a methyl (-CH3) group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM-e) to histamine, forming an inactive metabolite called Nτ-methylhistamine, in a chemical reaction called Nτ-methylation. In mammals, HNMT operates alongside diamine oxidase (DAO) as the only two enzymes responsible for histamine metabolism; however, what sets HNMT apart is its unique presence within the central nervous system (CNS), where it governs histaminergic neurotransmission, that is a process where histamine acts as a messenger molecule between the neurons—nerve cells—in the brain. By degrading and regulating levels of histamine specifically within the CNS, HNMT ensures the proper functioning of neural pathways related to arousal, appetite regulation, sleep-wake cycles, and other essential brain functions. Research on knockout mice—that are genetically modified mice lacking the Hnmt gene—has revealed that the absence of this enzyme leads to increased brain histamine concentrations and behavioral changes such as heightened aggression and disrupted sleep patterns. These findings highlight the critical role played by HNMT in maintaining normal brain function through precise regulation of neuronal signaling involving histamine. Genetic variants affecting HNMT activity have also been implicated in various neurological disorders like Parkinson's disease and attention deficit disorder. Gene Histamine N-methyltransferase is encoded by a single gene, called HNMT, which has been mapped to chromosome 2 in humans. Three transcript variants have been identified for this gene in humans, which produce different protein isoforms due to alternative splicing, which allows a single gene to code for multiple proteins by including or excluding particular exons of a gene in the final mRNA produced from that gene. Of those isoforms, only one has histamine-methylating activity. In the human genome, six exons from the 50-kb HNMT contribute to forming a unique mRNA species, approximately 1.6 kb in size. This mRNA is then translated into the cytosolic enzyme histamine N-methyltransferase, comprising 292 amino acids, of which 130 amino acids are a conserved sequence. HNMT does not have promoter cis-elements, such as TATA and CAAT boxes. Protein HNMT is a cytoplasmic protein, meaning that it operates within the cytoplasm of a cell. The cytoplasm fills the space between the outer cell membrane (also known as the cellular plasma membrane) and the nuclear membrane (which surrounds the cell's nucleus). HNMT helps regulate histamine levels by degrading histamine within the cytoplasm, ensuring proper cellular function. Proteins consist of amino acid residues and form a three-dimensional structure. The crystallographic structure to depict the three-dimensional structure of human HNMT protein was first described in 2001 as a monomeric protein that has a mass of 33 kilodaltons and consists of two structural domains. The first domain, called the \"MTase domain\", contains the active site where methylation occurs. It has a classic fold found in many", "title": "Histamine N-methyltransferase" }, { "docid": "29962775", "text": "Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) belongs to a certain class of phosphatases known as protein serine/threonine phosphatases. This type of phosphatase includes metal-dependent protein phosphatases (PPMs) and aspartate-based phosphatases. PP1 has been found to be important in the control of glycogen metabolism, muscle contraction, cell progression, neuronal activities, splicing of RNA, mitosis, cell division, apoptosis, protein synthesis, and regulation of membrane receptors and channels. Structure Each PP1 enzyme contains both a catalytic subunit and at least one regulatory subunit. The catalytic subunit consists of a 30-kD single-domain protein that can form complexes with other regulatory subunits. The catalytic subunit is highly conserved among all eukaryotes, thus suggesting a common catalytic mechanism. The catalytic subunit can form complexes with various regulatory subunits. These regulatory subunits play an important role in substrate specificity as well as compartmentalization. Some common regulatory subunits include GM (PPP1R3A) and GL (PPP1R3B), which are named after their locations of action within the body (muscle and liver respectively), While the yeast S. cerevisiae only encodes one catalytic subunit, mammals have four isozymes encoded by three genes, each attracting a different set of regulatory subunits. Regulation of these different processes is performed by distinct PP1 holoenzymes that facilitate the complexation of the PP1 catalytic subunit to various regulatory subunits. and PPP1R3G. X-ray crystallographic structural data is available for PP1 catalytic subunit. The catalytic subunit of PP1 forms an α/β fold with a central β-sandwich arranged between two α-helical domains. The interaction of the three β-sheets of the β-sandwich creates a channel for catalytic activity, as it is the site of coordination of metal ions. These metal ions have been identified as Mn and Fe and their coordination is provided by three histidines, two aspartic acids, and one asparagine. Catalytic mechanism The mechanism involves two metal ions binding and activating water, which initiates a nucleophilic attack on the phosphorus atom. Exogeneous inhibitors Potential inhibitors include a variety of naturally occurring toxins including okadaic acid, a diarrhetic shellfish poison, strong tumor promoter, and microcystin. Microcystin is a liver toxin produced by blue-green algae and contains a cyclic heptapeptide structure that interacts with three distinct regions of the surface of the catalytic subunit of PP1. The structure of MCLR does not change when complexed with PP1, but the catalytic subunit of PP1 does in order to avoid steric effects of Tyr 276 of PP1 and Mdha side chain of MCLR. Cantharidic acid is also an inhibitor of PP1. Biological function and regulation PP1 plays a crucial role in the regulation of blood glucose levels in the liver and glycogen metabolism. PP1 is important to the reciprocal regulation of glycogen metabolism by ensuring the opposite regulation of glycogen breakdown and glycogen synthesis. A key regulator of PP1 is glycogen phosphorylase a, which serves as a glucose sensor in hepatocytes. When glucose levels are low, phosphorylase a in its active R state has PP1 bound tightly. This binding to phosphorylase a prevents any phosphatase activity of PP1 and maintains the glycogen phosphorylase in its active", "title": "Protein phosphatase 1" }, { "docid": "59989290", "text": "GrpE (Gro-P like protein E) is a bacterial nucleotide exchange factor that is important for regulation of protein folding machinery, as well as the heat shock response. It is a heat-inducible protein and during stress it prevents unfolded proteins from accumulating in the cytoplasm. Accumulation of unfolded proteins in the cytoplasm can lead to cell death. Discovery GrpE is a nucleotide exchange factor that was first discovered by researchers in 1977 as a protein necessary to propagate bacteriophage λ, a virus that infects bacteria by highjacking the bacteria's replication machinery, in Escherichia coli. By using a genetic screen, researchers knocked out certain genes in E. coli and then tested whether the bacteria was able to replicate, GrpE was found to be crucial to propagation. Since that time, GrpE has been identified in all bacteria and in Archaea where DnaK and DnaJ are present. The crystal structure of GrpE was determined in 1997 at 2.8 Angstrom and identified GrpE as a homodimer that binds DnaK, a heat-shock protein involved in de novo protein folding. GrpE's structure determination was important because it demonstrated the interaction of nucleotide exchange factors at the nucleotide-binding domain of DnaK. Structure Functional domains The GrpE homodimer has three distinct domains: N-terminal disordered regions — Amino acids 1-33 in the N-terminal domain can compete for binding to the substrate binding cleft of DnaK. Amino acids 34-39 have not been visualized because they are either too disordered or too unstructured to be crystallized. α-helices — There are four α-helices, two short and two long, these are stalk-like and parallel to each other. These helices come together to form a helical bundle however, there is no superhelical twisting due to the heptad-hendecad (7-11-7-11) spacing of hydrophobic residues in these helices. Portions of this helical bundle are able to bind to Domain IIB of DnaK. These helices also act as thermosensors. C-terminal β-sheets — There are two compact β-sheets which stick out from the helices like arms. The β-sheet proximal to DnaK interacts with its ATP binding cleft directly by inserting itself into the cleft and causing a conformational shift in Domain IIB causing the release of ADP. The distal β-sheet does not interact with DnaK. Binding induces a conformational change Binding of GrpE's proximal β-sheet to Domain IIB of DnaK causes a 14° outward rotation of the nucleotide binding cleft, disrupting the binding of three side chains to the adenine and ribose rings of the nucleotide. This conformational change shifts DnaK from a closed to an open conformation and allows the release of ADP from the binding cleft. Function Nucleotide exchange factor Nucleotide exchange factors are proteins that catalyze the release of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to facilitate binding of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP has three phosphate groups and the removal of one of the phosphate groups releases energy which is used to fuel a reaction. This removal of a phosphate group reduces ATP to ADP. GrpE is a nucleotide exchange factor that causes the release of bound ADP from DnaK,", "title": "GrpE" }, { "docid": "3473628", "text": "A gene product is the biochemical material, either RNA or protein, resulting from expression of a gene. A measurement of the amount of gene product is sometimes used to infer how active a gene is. Abnormal amounts of gene product can be correlated with disease-causing alleles, such as the overactivity of oncogenes which can cause cancer. A gene is defined as \"a hereditary unit of DNA that is required to produce a functional product\". Regulatory elements include: Promoter region TATA box Polyadenylation sequences Enhancers These elements work in combination with the open reading frame to create a functional product. This product may be transcribed and be functional as RNA or is translated from mRNA to a protein to be functional in the cell. RNA products RNA molecules that do not code for any proteins still maintain a function in the cell. The function of the RNA depends on its classification. These roles include: aiding protein synthesis catalyzing reactions regulating various processes. Protein synthesis is aided by functional RNA molecules such as tRNA, which helps add the correct amino acid to a polypeptide chain during translation, rRNA, a major component of ribosomes (which guide protein synthesis), as well as mRNA which carry the instructions for creating the protein product. One type of functional RNA involved in regulation are microRNA (miRNA), which works by repressing translation. These miRNAs work by binding to a complementary target mRNA sequence to prevent translation from occurring. Short-interfering RNA (siRNA) also work by negative regulation of transcription. These siRNA molecules work in RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) during RNA interference by binding to a target DNA sequence to prevent transcription of a specific mRNA. Protein products Proteins are the product of a gene that are formed from translation of a mature mRNA molecule. Proteins contain 4 elements in regards to their structure: primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary. The linear amino acid sequence is also known as the primary structure. Hydrogen bonding between the amino acids of the primary structure results in the formation of alpha helices or beta sheets. These stable foldings are the secondary structure. The particular combination of the primary and secondary structures form the tertiary structure of a polypeptide. The quaternary structure refers to the way multiple chains of polypeptides fold together. Protein functions Proteins have many different functions in a cell and the function may vary based on the polypeptides they interact with and their cellular environment. Chaperone proteins work to stabilize newly synthesized proteins. They ensure the new protein folds into its correct functional conformation in addition to making sure products do not aggregate in areas where they should not. Proteins can also function as enzymes, increasing the rate of various biochemical reactions and turning substrates into products. Products can be modified by attaching groups such as phosphate via an enzyme to specific amino acids in the primary sequence. Proteins can also be used to move molecules in the cell to where they are needed, these are called motor proteins. The shape of", "title": "Gene product" }, { "docid": "28167635", "text": "Conformational proofreading or conformational selection is a general mechanism of molecular recognition systems, suggested by Yonatan Savir and Tsvi Tlusty, in which introducing an energetic barrier - such as a structural mismatch between a molecular recognizer and its target - enhances the recognition specificity and quality. Conformational proofreading does not require the consumption of energy and may therefore be used in any molecular recognition system. Conformational proofreading is especially useful in scenarios where the recognizer has to select the appropriate target among many similar competitors. Proteins evolve the capacity for conformational proofreading through fine-tuning their geometry, flexibility and chemical interactions with the target. Balancing correct and incorrect binding Molecular recognition takes place in a noisy, crowded biological environment and the recognizer often has to cope with the task of selecting its target among a variety of similar competitors. For example, the ribosome has to select the correct tRNA that matches the mRNA codon among many structurally similar tRNAs. If the recognizer and its correct target match perfectly like a lock and a key, then the binding probability will be high since no deformation is required upon binding. At the same time, the recognizer might also bind to a competitor with a similar structure with high probability. Introducing an energy barrier, in particular, structural mismatch between the recognizer (lock) and the key, reduces the binding probability to the correct target but reduces even more the binding probability to a similar wrong target and thus improves the specificity. Yet, introducing too much deformation drastically reduces binding probability to the correct target. Therefore, the optimal balance between maximizing the correct binding probability and minimizing the incorrect binding probability is achieved when the recognizer is slightly off target. This suggests that conformational changes during molecular recognition processes, such as the induced fit mechanism, are advantageous for enhancing the specificity of recognition. Such conformational changes may be fine-tuned by mutations that affect the mechanical response of the recognizer, also at positions far from the binding site. Use by homologous recombination for homology search The mechanism of conformational proofreading is utilized in the system of homologous recombination to discern between similar DNA sequences. Homologous recombination facilitates the exchange of genetic material between homologous DNA molecules. This crucial process requires detecting a specific homologous DNA sequence within a huge variety of heterologous sequences. The detection is mediated by RecA in E. coli, or members of its superfamily in other organisms. RecA first polymerizes along a stretch of single-stranded DNA, and then this protein-DNA filament searches for homology along double-stranded DNA. In the RecA-DNA filament, the distance between bases increases significantly with respect to the bare 3.4 Å in the double-strand (by 50% on average). This sets a significant energetic barrier on the search, since the double-stranded DNA has to stretch by the same magnitude to check for homology. By formulating the DNA recognition process as a signal detection problem, it was shown that the experimentally observed RecA-induced DNA deformation and the binding energetics are fine-tuned to ensure", "title": "Conformational proofreading" }, { "docid": "32065903", "text": "Bacterial genetics is the subfield of genetics devoted to the study of bacterial genes. Bacterial genetics are subtly different from eukaryotic genetics, however bacteria still serve as a good model for animal genetic studies. One of the major distinctions between bacterial and eukaryotic genetics stems from the bacteria's lack of membrane-bound organelles (this is true of all prokaryotes. While it is a fact that there are prokaryotic organelles, they are never bound by a lipid membrane, but by a shell of proteins), necessitating protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm. Like other organisms, bacteria also breed true and maintain their characteristics from generation to generation, yet at the same time, exhibit variations in particular properties in a small proportion of their progeny. Though heritability and variations in bacteria had been noticed from the early days of bacteriology, it was not realised then that bacteria too obey the laws of genetics. Even the existence of a bacterial nucleus was a subject of controversy. The differences in morphology and other properties were attributed by Nageli in 1877, to bacterial pleomorphism, which postulated the existence of a single, a few species of bacteria, which possessed a protein capacity for a variation. With the development and application of precise methods of pure culture, it became apparent that different types of bacteria retained constant form and function through successive generations. This led to the concept of monomorphism. Transformation Transformation in bacteria was first observed in 1928 by Frederick Griffith and later (in 1944) examined at the molecular level by Oswald Avery and his colleagues who used the process to demonstrate that DNA was the genetic material of bacteria. In transformation, a cell takes up extraneous DNA found in the environment and incorporates it into its genome (genetic material) through recombination. Not all bacteria are competent to be transformed, and not all extracellular DNA is competent to transform. To be competent to transform, the extracellular DNA must be double-stranded and relatively large. To be competent to be transformed, a cell must have the surface protein Competent Factor', which binds to the extracellular DNA in an energy requiring reaction. However bacteria that are not naturally competent can be treated in such a way to make them competent, usually by treatment with calcium chloride, which make them more permeable. Bacterial conjugation Bacterial conjugation is the transfer of genetic material (plasmid) between bacterial cells by direct cell-to-cell contact or by a bridge-like connection between two cells. Discovered in 1946 by Joshua Lederberg and Edward Tatum, conjugation is a mechanism of horizontal gene transfer as are transformation and transduction although these two other mechanisms do not involve cell-to-cell contact. Bacterial conjugation is often regarded as the bacterial equivalent of sexual reproduction or mating since it involves the exchange of genetic material. During conjugation the donor cell provides a conjugative or mobilizable genetic element that is most often a plasmid or transposon.[4][5] Most conjugative plasmids have systems ensuring that the recipient cell does not already contain a similar element. The genetic information", "title": "Bacterial genetics" }, { "docid": "72650562", "text": "Apomyoglobin is a representative of a group of relatively small, α-helical and globular proteins. It has been extensively employed as a model system for protein folding and stability studies. Apomyoglobin is a type of myoglobin that does not have a haem group. This means that apomyoglobin lacks the haem groups that would have their iron atoms bind to Oxygen. There is a possibility, however, that apomyoglobin can bind to other different cofactors that is not a haem group. It also serves as an intermediate of myoglobin in its biosynthesis process. Apomyoglobin can be found in certain solutions with a neutral pH, it has a spatial structure that is compact and unique. Apomyoglobin also has an extended hydrophobic core. Apomyoglobin's structure has also been found to be similar to that of holomyoglobin's structure. Apomyoglobin also has an extended hydrophobic core. Apomyoglobin is produced in the sarcoplasm and is stated as being a hydrophilic protein. This means that the protein has a high affinity for water. Folding and unfolding at different pHs Apomyoglobin folds slowly (taking around 2 seconds) in comparison to other proteins. Apomyoglobin is an ideal protein to take into consideration when looking at folding in proteins. This is because it has no cysteines, no disulfides, and also does not exhibit any proline isomerization, which makes it easier to label. The protein contains primary, secondary, tertiary (not stable), and a quartenary structure at different pHs. Apomyoglobin also has different folding states at different pH's. At a pH of 6, the F helix of the monomer is not folded completely. At this pH of 6, both secondary and tertiary structures are contained by the folded protein. At a pH of 4, apomyoglobin forms a structure known as \"molten globule\" and becomes more stabilized. A molten globule, in other words, is where the tertiary structure of the protein is lost, but the secondary structure is allowed to remain and becomes stronger. At a pH of 2, the monomer protein becomes unfolded, yet it still has some small amount of helical structure. The important thing to note about the apomyoglobin monomer when it comes to folding and unfolding, is that it unfolds backwards at acidic pHs but it can also be refolded as easily from acidic or alkaline solutions. The kinetic folding pathway intermediate Apomyoglobin is stated as having eight total helices, with the labels (A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H). These helices, ranging from A to H, are directly involved in what is known as helix-helix interactions (13 total and hydrophobic) in its native folding state. When looking at the first-approximation to apomyoglobin's folding kinetics (calculated using a diffusion-collision model), the two small helices D and C can be disregarded. To further explain, the diffusion-collision model is a model that states that the process of folding for four-helix proteins should be placed in randomized helix-helix collisions. This leaves the apomyoglobin as only having A, B, E, F, G, H helices as part of its protein, meaning that the only", "title": "Apomyoglobin" }, { "docid": "7202981", "text": "Ca2+ ATPase is a form of P-ATPase that transfers calcium after a muscle has contracted. The two kinds of calcium ATPase are: Plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase (PMCA) Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) Plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase (PMCA) Plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase (PMCA) is a transport protein in the plasma membrane of cells that serves to remove calcium (Ca2+) from the cell. It is vital for regulating the amount of Ca2+ within cells. In fact, the PMCA is involved in removing Ca2+ from all eukaryotic cells. There is a very large transmembrane electrochemical gradient of Ca2+ driving the entry of the ion into cells, yet it is very important for cells to maintain low concentrations of Ca2+ for proper cell signalling; thus it is necessary for the cell to employ ion pumps to remove the Ca2+. The PMCA and the sodium calcium exchanger (NCX) are together the main regulators of intracellular Ca2+ concentrations. Since it transports Ca2+ into the extracellular space, the PMCA is also an important regulator of the calcium concentration in the extracellular space. The PMCA belongs to a family of P-type primary ion transport ATPases that form an aspartyl phosphate intermediate. The PMCA is expressed in a variety of tissues, including the brain. Sarcoendoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) In myocytes (muscle cells) Ca2+ is normally sequestered (isolated) in a specialized form of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) called sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). It is a Ca2+ ATPase that transfers Ca2+ from the cytosol of the cell to the lumen of the SR at the expense of ATP hydrolysis during muscle relaxation. In the skeletal muscles the calcium pump in the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane works in harmony with similar calcium pumps in the plasma membrane. This ensures that the cytosolic concentration of free calcium in resting muscle is below 0.1 μM. The sarcoplasmic and endoplasmic reticulum calcium pumps are closely related in structure and mechanism, and both are inhibited by the tumor-promoting agent thapsigargin, which does not affect the plasma membrane Ca2+ pumps. See also Active transport#Counter-transport References External links Overview at utoronto.ca Cation transporting ATPase family in Pfam Transport proteins Transmembrane proteins EC 7.2.2", "title": "Calcium ATPase" }, { "docid": "92124", "text": "Myoglobin (symbol Mb or MB) is an iron- and oxygen-binding protein found in the cardiac and skeletal muscle tissue of vertebrates in general and in almost all mammals. Myoglobin is distantly related to hemoglobin. Compared to hemoglobin, myoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen and does not have cooperative binding with oxygen like hemoglobin does. Myoglobin consists of non-polar amino acids at the core of the globulin, where the heme group is non-covalently bounded with the surrounding polypeptide of myoglobin. In humans, myoglobin is found in the bloodstream only after muscle injury. High concentrations of myoglobin in muscle cells allow organisms to hold their breath for a longer period of time. Diving mammals such as whales and seals have muscles with particularly high abundance of myoglobin. Myoglobin is found in Type I muscle, Type II A, and Type II B; although many older texts describe myoglobin as not found in smooth muscle, this has proved erroneous: there is also myoglobin in smooth muscle cells. Myoglobin was the first protein to have its three-dimensional structure revealed by X-ray crystallography. This achievement was reported in 1958 by John Kendrew and associates. For this discovery, Kendrew shared the 1962 Nobel Prize in chemistry with Max Perutz. Despite being one of the most studied proteins in biology, its physiological function is not yet conclusively established: mice genetically engineered to lack myoglobin can be viable and fertile, but show many cellular and physiological adaptations to overcome the loss. Through observing these changes in myoglobin-depleted mice, it is hypothesised that myoglobin function relates to increased oxygen transport to muscle, and to oxygen storage; as well, it serves as a scavenger of reactive oxygen species. In humans, myoglobin is encoded by the MB gene. Myoglobin can take the forms oxymyoglobin (MbO2), carboxymyoglobin (MbCO), and metmyoglobin (met-Mb), analogously to hemoglobin taking the forms oxyhemoglobin (HbO2), carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO), and methemoglobin (met-Hb). Differences from hemoglobin Like hemoglobin, myoglobin is a cytoplasmic protein that binds oxygen on a heme group. It harbors only one globulin group, whereas hemoglobin has four. Although its heme group is identical to those in Hb, Mb has a higher affinity for oxygen than does hemoglobin but fewer total oxygen-storage capacities. The newest discovery reveals that myoglobin facilitates oxygen diffusion down a gradient, enhancing oxygen transport in mitochondria. Role in cuisine Myoglobin contains hemes, pigments responsible for the colour of red meat. The colour that meat takes is partly determined by the degree of oxidation of the myoglobin. In fresh meat the iron atom is in the ferrous (+2) oxidation state bound to an oxygen molecule (O2). Meat cooked well done is brown because the iron atom is now in the ferric (+3) oxidation state, having lost an electron. If meat has been exposed to nitrites, it will remain pink, because the iron atom is bound to NO, nitric oxide (true of, e.g., corned beef or cured hams). Grilled meats can also take on a reddish pink \"smoke ring\" that comes from the heme center binding to", "title": "Myoglobin" }, { "docid": "20023618", "text": "The metabolic window (also called the anabolic window or protein window) is a term used in strength training to describe the 2 hour (give or take, dependent on the individual) period after exercise during which nutrition can shift the body from a catabolic state to an anabolic one. Specifically, it is during this period that the intake of protein and carbohydrates can aid in the increase of muscle mass. Currently there is not sufficient scientific evidence to support the metabolic window theory. The metabolic window is based on your body's anabolic response. Anabolism is when small molecules grow into bigger complex molecules. This is the opposite to catabolism, when larger molecules break down in the body. During anabolism, the molecules form into new larger cells and tissues. After strength training, your body is anabolic. This physical state requires a lot of cellular processes to take place for muscle repair and growth. These processes are fueled by nutrients called protein and carbohydrates. The associated benefits to hitting the metabolic window of 30 minutes or less include increasing protein synthesis, reducing muscle protein breakdown and replenishing muscle glycogen. These are all processes that take place at a slow rate in the body and by pumping your body full of nutrients immediately after a workout, allows your body to increase the rate of repair and hopefully gain more muscle mass. There are also other factors that come into play when discussing the metabolic window theory. Some of these factors include how muscle protein breakdown (MPB) and muscle protein synthesis (MPS) interact, and the timing if protein consumption prior to or following a workout. The most well proven variable to muscle building is progressive overload, which involves lifting more resistance over time, to which the muscles adapt. Fasted Exercise The evidence for replenishing depleted energy levels only relates when they are completely gone at the beginning of training, such as during fasted exercise. This is where large amounts of the day go by without any eating to spike and deplete energy levels to trick the body, followed by a training session (with low levels of nutritional energy) to force the body to be uncomfortable. Following this, the body is at an abnormally low level of various nutrients (such as carbohydrates and proteins), which are then put back into the body to force an even higher adaptation in the body. During fasted exercise, an increase in muscle protein breakdown causes the pre-exercise negative amino acid level to continue in the post exercise period despite increases in muscle protein synthesis. This is why it would make sense to provide immediate nutritional replenishment after exercise as there was already such a low level before training started. This would turn the catabolic state of the body into an anabolic one and therefore, promote the metabolic window as desirable. This means more or less that the body is so used to receiving food that when you starve yourself, the body does not know what to do, so it enters", "title": "Metabolic window" }, { "docid": "38402739", "text": "mTORC1, also known as mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 or mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1, is a protein complex that functions as a nutrient/energy/redox sensor and controls protein synthesis. mTOR Complex 1 (mTORC1) is composed of the mTOR protein complex, regulatory-associated protein of mTOR (commonly known as raptor), mammalian lethal with SEC13 protein 8 (MLST8), PRAS40 and DEPTOR. This complex embodies the classic functions of mTOR, namely as a nutrient/energy/redox sensor and controller of protein synthesis. The activity of this complex is regulated by rapamycin, insulin, growth factors, phosphatidic acid, certain amino acids and their derivatives (e.g., -leucine and β-hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid), mechanical stimuli, and oxidative stress. Recently it has been also demonstrated that cellular bicarbonate metabolism can be regulated by mTORC1 signaling. The role of mTORC1 is to activate translation of proteins. In order for cells to grow and proliferate by manufacturing more proteins, the cells must ensure that they have the resources available for protein production. Thus, for protein production, and therefore mTORC1 activation, cells must have adequate energy resources, nutrient availability, oxygen abundance, and proper growth factors in order for mRNA translation to begin. Activation at the lysosome The TSC complex Almost all of the variables required for protein synthesis affect mTORC1 activation by interacting with the TSC1/TSC2 protein complex. TSC2 is a GTPase activating protein (GAP). Its GAP activity interacts with a G protein called Rheb by hydrolyzing the GTP of the active Rheb-GTP complex, converting it to the inactive Rheb-GDP complex. The active Rheb-GTP activates mTORC1 through unelucidated pathways. Thus, many of the pathways that influence mTORC1 activation do so through the activation or inactivation of the TSC1/TSC2 heterodimer. This control is usually performed through phosphorylation of the complex. This phosphorylation can cause the dimer to dissociate and lose its GAP activity, or the phosphorylation can cause the heterodimer to have increased GAP activity, depending on which amino acid residue becomes phosphorylated. Thus, the signals that influence mTORC1 activity do so through activation or inactivation of the TSC1/TSC2 complex, upstream of mTORC1. The Ragulator-Rag complex mTORC1 interacts at the Ragulator-Rag complex on the surface of the lysosome in response to amino acid levels in the cell. Even if a cell has the proper energy for protein synthesis, if it does not have the amino acid building blocks for proteins, no protein synthesis will occur. Studies have shown that depriving amino acid levels inhibits mTORC1 signaling to the point where both energy abundance and amino acids are necessary for mTORC1 to function. When amino acids are introduced to a deprived cell, the presence of amino acids causes Rag GTPase heterodimers to switch to their active conformation. Active Rag heterodimers interact with raptor, localizing mTORC1 to the surface of late endosomes and lysosomes where the Rheb-GTP is located. This allows mTORC1 to physically interact with Rheb. Thus the amino acid pathway as well as the growth factor/energy pathway converge on endosomes and lysosomes. Thus the Ragulator-Rag complex recruits mTORC1 to lysosomes to interact with Rheb.", "title": "MTORC1" }, { "docid": "16002442", "text": "DNA adenine methyltransferase identification, often abbreviated DamID, is a molecular biology protocol used to map the binding sites of DNA- and chromatin-binding proteins in eukaryotes. DamID identifies binding sites by expressing the proposed DNA-binding protein as a fusion protein with DNA methyltransferase. Binding of the protein of interest to DNA localizes the methyltransferase in the region of the binding site. Adenine methylation does not occur naturally in eukaryotes and therefore adenine methylation in any region can be concluded to have been caused by the fusion protein, implying the region is located near a binding site. DamID is an alternate method to ChIP-on-chip or ChIP-seq. Description Principle N6-methyladenine (m6A) is the product of the addition of a methyl group (CH3) at position 6 of the adenine. This modified nucleotide is absent from the vast majority of eukaryotes, with the exception of C. elegans, but is widespread in bacterial genomes, as part of the restriction modification or DNA repair systems. In Escherichia coli, adenine methylation is catalyzed by the adenine methyltransferase Dam (DNA adenine methyltransferase), which catalyses adenine methylation exclusively in the palindromic sequence GATC. Ectopic expression of Dam in eukaryotic cells leads to methylation of adenine in GATC sequences without any other noticeable side effect. Based on this, DamID consists in fusing Dam to a protein of interest (usually a protein that interacts with DNA such as transcription factors) or a chromatin component. The protein of interest thus targets Dam to its cognate in vivo binding site, resulting in the methylation of neighboring GATCs. The presence of m6A, coinciding with the binding sites of the proteins of interest, is revealed by methyl PCR. Methyl PCR In this assay the genome is digested by DpnI, which cuts only methylated GATCs. Double-stranded adapters with a known sequence are then ligated to the ends generated by DpnI. Ligation products are then digested by DpnII. This enzyme cuts non-methylated GATCs, ensuring that only fragments flanked by consecutive methylated GATCs are amplified in the subsequent PCR. A PCR with primers matching the adaptors is then carried out, leading to the specific amplification of genomic fragments flanked by methylated GATCs. Specificities of DamID versus Chromatin Immuno-Precipitation Chromatin Immuno-Precipitation, or (ChIP), is an alternative method to assay protein binding at specific loci of the genome. Unlike ChIP, DamID does not require a specific antibody against the protein of interest. On the one hand, this allows to map proteins for which no such antibody is available. On the other hand, this makes it impossible to specifically map posttranslationally modified proteins. Another fundamental difference is that ChIP assays where the protein of interests is at a given time, whereas DamID assays where it has been. The reason is that m6A stays in the DNA after the Dam fusion protein goes away. For proteins that are either bound or unbound on their target sites this does not change the big picture. However, this can lead to strong differences in the case of proteins that slide along the DNA (e.g. RNA polymerase).", "title": "DNA adenine methyltransferase identification" }, { "docid": "2100199", "text": "The peptidyl transferase is an aminoacyltransferase () as well as the primary enzymatic function of the ribosome, which forms peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids using tRNAs during the translation process of protein biosynthesis. The substrates for the peptidyl transferase reaction are two tRNA molecules, one bearing the growing peptide chain and the other bearing the amino acid that will be added to the chain. The peptidyl chain and the amino acids are attached to their respective tRNAs via ester bonds to the O atom at the CCA-3' ends of these tRNAs. Peptidyl transferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the addition of an amino acid residue in order to grow the polypeptide chain in protein synthesis. It is located in the large ribosomal subunit, where it catalyzes the peptide bond formation. It is composed entirely of RNA. The alignment between the CCA ends of the ribosome-bound peptidyl tRNA and aminoacyl tRNA in the peptidyl transferase center contribute to its ability to catalyze these reactions. This reaction occurs via nucleophilic displacement. The amino group of the aminoacyl tRNA attacks the terminal carboxyl group of the peptidyl tRNA. Peptidyl transferase activity is carried out by the ribosome. Peptidyl transferase activity is not mediated by any ribosomal proteins but by ribosomal RNA (rRNA), a ribozyme. Ribozymes are the only enzymes which are not made up of proteins, but ribonucleotides. All other enzymes are made up of proteins. This RNA relic is the most significant piece of evidence supporting the RNA World hypothesis. In Prokaryotes, the 50S (23S component) ribosome subunit contains the peptidyl transferase component and acts as a ribozyme. The peptidyl transferase center on the 50S subunit lies at the lower tips (acceptor ends) of the A- and P- site tRNAs. In Eukaryotes, the 60S (28S component) ribosome subunit contains the peptidyl transferase component and acts as the ribozyme. Peptidyl transferases are not limited to translation, but there are relatively few enzymes with this function. Function Peptidyl transferase speeds up the reaction by lowering its energy of activation. It does this by providing proper orientation for the reaction to occur. The peptidyl transferase provides proximity, meaning that it brings thing closer together, but it does not provide an alternate mechanism. Instead, it provides proper substrate orientation, increasing the probability that the existing mechanism will occur. Mechanism Background In a ribosomal structure there are three binding sites which are P site, A site, and E site. The A site is the aminoacyl site because what comes into the A site is the aminoacyl tRNA. The structure contains an amino acid residue that is in an ester linkage attached to the A site and there is a free amine. In the P site, which is a peptidyl site, there is a tRNA that is attached. It's important to note that at the beginning of every cycle of Peptidyl Transferase you always start with a tRNA with a growing peptide chain in the P site. Once that occurs the aminoacyl tRNA can bind to the", "title": "Peptidyl transferase" }, { "docid": "22269179", "text": "An aster is a cellular structure shaped like a star, consisting of a centrosome and its associated microtubules during the early stages of mitosis in an animal cell. Asters do not form during mitosis in plants. Astral rays, composed of microtubules, radiate from the centrosphere and look like a cloud. Astral rays are one variant of microtubule which comes out of the centrosome; others include kinetochore microtubules and polar microtubules. During mitosis, there are five stages of cell division: Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase. During prophase, two aster-covered centrosomes migrate to opposite sides of the nucleus in preparation of mitotic spindle formation. During prometaphase there is fragmentation of the nuclear envelope and formation of the mitotic spindles. During metaphase, the kinetochore microtubules extending from each centrosome connect to the centromeres of the chromosomes. Next, during anaphase, the kinetochore microtubules pull the sister chromatids apart into individual chromosomes and pull them towards the centrosomes, located at opposite ends of the cell. This allows the cell to divide properly with each daughter cell containing full replicas of chromosomes. In some cells, the orientation of the asters determines the plane of division upon which the cell will divide. Astral microtubules Astral microtubules are a subpopulation of microtubules, which only exist during and immediately before mitosis. They are defined as any microtubule originating from the centrosome which does not connect to a kinetochore. Astral microtubules develop in the actin skeleton and interact with the cell cortex to aid in spindle orientation. They are organized into radial arrays around the centrosomes. The turn-over rate of this population of microtubules is higher than any other population. The role of astral microtubules is assisted by dyneins specific to this role. These dyneins have their light chains (static portion) attached to the cell membrane, and their globular parts (dynamic portions) attached to the microtubules. The globular chains attempt to move towards the centrosome, but as they are bound to the cell membrane, this results in pulling the centrosomes towards the membrane, thus assisting cytokinesis. Astral microtubules are not required for the progression of mitosis, but they are required to ensure the fidelity of the process. The function of astral microtubules can be generally considered as determination of cell geometry. They are absolutely required for correct positioning and orientation of the mitotic spindle apparatus, and are thus involved in determining the cell division site based on the geometry and polarity of the cells. The maintenance of astral microtubules is dependent on centrosomal integrity. It is also dependent on several microtubule-associated proteins such as EB1 and adenomatous polyposis coli (APC). Growth of Microtubules Polymerization and nucleation are the two microscopic processes in with the growth of asters occur. At the negative ends of the aster , centrosomes will nucleate (form a nucleus) and anchor to the microtubules. At the positive end, polymerization of the aster will occur towards the outer. Cortical Dynein, a motor protein moves along the microtubules of the cell and plays a key role in the", "title": "Aster (cell biology)" }, { "docid": "63312250", "text": "GRAM domain-containing 2A protein (GRAMD2A; formerly GRAMD2) is a protein encoded by the GRAMD2A gene. Like GRAMD2B, the protein consists of a GRAM domain and a transmembrane domain that anchors it to the endoplasmic reticulum. GRAMD2A is a mammalian representative of the yeast lipid transfer proteins anchored at a membrane contact site (LAM) family. It has four paralogs: GRAMD1A, GRAMD1B, GRAMD1C and GRAMD2B. Unlike LAM and its paralogs except GRAMD2B, GRAMD2A lacks a VASt domain. The protein localizes to sites where membranes from different organelles are in close apposition. There, it tethers the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane through its GRAM domain binding phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in the plasma membrane at sites enriched for the phospholipid. The protein ensures proper stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) recruitment to these sites of membrane contact as part of the store-operated calcium entry pathway – a component of intracellular calcium homeostasis. References", "title": "Gram domain-containing 2A" } ]	[ "milk", "soy" ]
train_7086	how many seats are in the united states senate	[ { "docid": "358612", "text": "The 100 seats in the United States Senate are divided into 3 classes to determine which seats will be up for election in any 2-year cycle, with only 1 class being up for election at a time. With senators being elected to fixed terms of 6 years, the classes allow about a third of the seats to be up for election in any presidential or midterm election year instead of having all 100 be up for election at the same time every six years. The seats are also divided in a way that any given state's 2 senators are in different classes so that each seat's term ends in different years. Class 1and class 2 consist of 33 seats each, while class3 consists of 34 seats. Elections for class1 seats are scheduled to take place in 2024, class2 in 2026, and the elections for class3 seats in 2028. The 3 classes were established by ArticleI, Section 3, Clause2 of the U.S. Constitution. The actual division was originally performed by the Senate of the 1st Congress in May 1789 by lot. Whenever a new state subsequently joined the union, its two Senate seats were assigned to two different classes by a random draw, while keeping the three classes as close to the same number as possible. The classes only apply to the regular fixed-term elections of the Senate. A special election to fill a vacancy, usually either due to the incumbent resigning or dying while in office, may happen in any given year regardless of the seat's class. A senator's description as junior or senior senator is also not related to their class. Rather, a state's senior U.S. senator is the one with the greater seniority in the Senate, which is mostly based on length of service. History Constitutional footing The U. S. Constitution sets the fixed term of senators to 6 years and staggers their elections into three cycles, so that 1/3 of the Senate was up for election every 2 years. This allows at least some Senate elections to be held during any presidential or midterm election year, as the U.S. President is elected to a fixed term of four years and members of the U.S. House of Representatives are elected to fixed terms of two years. The objective is to promote stability in the Senate, and encourage senators to deliberate measures over time, rather than risk a rapid turnover of the entire chamber every 6 years. At the same time, it provided for more frequent elections as opposed to waiting every 6 years, to prevent senators from permanently combining for \"sinister purposes\". The 3 classes of the Senate are specified by ArticleI, Section3 of the U.S. Constitution: The allocation took place in May 1789, several weeks after the first Senate assembled. Only 20 senators from 10 states were present; North Carolina and Rhode Island had not yet ratified the U.S. Constitution, and New York hadn't yet selected its senators because of its late ratification. To decide on how", "title": "Classes of United States senators" }, { "docid": "30488502", "text": "The 2016 United States Senate elections were held on November 8, 2016. The presidential election, House elections, 14 gubernatorial elections, and many state and local elections were held concurrently. In the elections, 34 of the 100 seats—all Class 3 Senate seats—were contested in regular elections; the winners served 6-year terms until January 3, 2023. Class 3 was last up for election in 2010, when Republicans won a net gain of 6 seats. In 2016, Democrats defended 10 seats, while Republicans defended 24 seats. Republicans, having won a majority of seats in the Senate in 2014, held the Senate majority with 54 seats before this election. Although Democrats made a net gain of 2 seats and did not lose any of their seats, Republicans retained control of the Senate for the 115th United States Congress. The 2 Democratic gains came from the defeats of incumbents Kelly Ayotte in New Hampshire and Mark Kirk in Illinois by Maggie Hassan and Tammy Duckworth, respectively. Despite Republicans retaining control of the Senate, 2016 marked the first time since 1986 where Democrats made a net gain of seats in Class 3. This is also the only election cycle since the popular-vote election of senators was mandated by the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913 that the winning party in every Senate election mirrored the winning party for their state in the presidential election. This feat had nearly been accomplished earlier in 1920, which also involved the Class 3 Senate seats, and nearly repeated in 2020; in both cases, every state, with the exception of Kentucky in 1920 and Maine in 2020, voted for the same party in the presidential election and their Senate election. In addition, this election marked the first time since 2000 in which the party in opposition to the elected or reelected presidential candidate made net gains in the Senate; both cases involved the election of a Republican president and the Democrats making gains in the Senate. With the retirement of Harry Reid, Chuck Schumer became the Democratic leader after the elections, while Mitch McConnell retained his position as Senate Majority Leader. As of 2024, this is last time Republicans won Senate races in Arizona, Georgia, or Pennsylvania. It is also the last election cycle at least until 2026 where there were no special elections. Results summary All 34 Class 3 senators were up for election in 2016; Class 3 consisted of 10 Democrats and 24 Republicans. Of the senators not up for election, 34 of the senators not up for election were Democrats, 30 senators were Republicans, and two senators were independents who caucused with the Senate Democrats. Source: Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives Change in composition Before the elections After the elections Final pre-election predictions Several sites and individuals publish predictions of competitive seats. These predictions look at factors such as the strength of the incumbent (if the incumbent is running for reelection) and the other candidates, and the state's partisan lean (reflected in part by the state's Cook Partisan", "title": "2016 United States Senate elections" }, { "docid": "44509739", "text": "The 2020 United States Senate elections were held on November 3, 2020, with the 33 class 2 seats of the Senate contested in regular elections. Of these, 21 were held by Republicans, and 12 by Democrats. The winners were elected to 6-year terms from January 3, 2021, to January 3, 2027. Two special elections for seats held by Republicans were also held in conjunction with the general elections: one in Arizona, to fill the vacancy created by John McCain's death in 2018; and one in Georgia, following Johnny Isakson's resignation in 2019. These elections ran concurrently with the 2020 United States presidential election in which incumbent president Donald Trump lost to Democratic nominee Joe Biden. In the 2014 United States Senate elections, the last regularly scheduled elections for Class 2 Senate seats, the Republicans won nine seats from the Democrats and gained a majority, which they continued to hold after the 2016 and 2018 elections. Before the elections, Republicans held 53 seats, Democrats held 45 seats, and independents caucusing with the Democrats held two seats, neither of which were up for re-election. Including the special elections in Arizona and Georgia, Republicans defended 23 seats and the Democrats 12. In this election, the Democratic Party made a net gain of three Senate seats and the vice presidency, giving them a majority for the first time since 2014, albeit by a narrow 50–50 margin. Democrats unseated four Republicans – in Arizona, in Colorado, and in two elections in Georgia – while Republicans flipped a seat in Alabama; however, Democrats under-performed expectations overall; despite record-breaking turnout and fund-raising efforts, they failed to flip several seats that were considered competitive, and lost many races by much larger margins than expected. Except in Maine, the winning party in every Senate election was the winning party in the state's presidential election. Due to election laws in Georgia that require candidates to win at least 50% of the vote in the general election, the state's regularly-scheduled and special Senate elections were decided in run-off elections on January 5, 2021. After the November general election, Republicans held 50 seats, while Democrats held 48 and the vice presidency, so sweeping both races was crucial for Democrats to attain a majority. They succeeded in doing so, and the partisan balance in the Senate became tied for the third time in history, after the results in the 1880 elections and the 2000 elections. Vice President Kamala Harris's tie-breaking vote gave Democrats control of the chamber by the smallest margin possible after the new administration took office. This marked the first time since 1980 that either chamber of Congress flipped partisan control in a presidential election year, and the first time Democrats did so since 1948. Election summary Seats Votes Change in composition Republicans defended 23 seats, while Democrats defended 12. Each block represents one of the 100 Senate seats. \"D#\" is a Democratic senator, \"I#\" is an independent senator, and \"R#\" is a Republican senator. They are arranged so that the", "title": "2020 United States Senate elections" }, { "docid": "62767864", "text": "The 1890 Minnesota Senate election was held in the U.S. state of Minnesota on November 4, 1890, to elect members to the Senate of the 27th and 28th Minnesota Legislatures. The Minnesota Republican Party won a plurality of seats, followed by the Minnesota Democratic Party and the Minnesota Farmers' Alliance. The new Legislature convened on January 6, 1891. The election resulted in Republicans losing control of the Senate for the first time since 1858 when Minnesota was granted statehood. Background In the late 1800s, Minnesota was one of the nation's most consistently Republican states, and conservative dominance extended to the State Senate as well. Since 1860, Republicans were the preeminent caucus in the Senate, not once losing a majority in the chamber. That being said, in the years leading up to 1890, Minnesota had emerged as a center of the Farmers' Alliance, a progressive agrarian movement. At the 1886 election, two members of the Alliance had taken seats from the Republicans, foreshadowing the 1890 result. It was not uncommon for local Alliance organizations to endorse members of the two major parties if their values were aligned, though it was more likely for Alliance groups to endorse known Democrats than Republicans. The same is true of the Prohibition Party and other groups. In St. Paul, a group of 100 local power brokers, 50 from either major party, assembled in August 1890 with the intention of nominating a \"Citizens' Ticket\" for Ramsey County. The \"committee of 100\" hoped that local Democratic and Republican organizations would endorse their unity ticket, which they did in most cases. In western Minnesota, two candidates were endorsed as the \"Peoples'\" candidates. It is unclear if these endorsements were related as part of a broader organization or if the \"Peoples'\" designation was only of local significance. Three Republicans who lost their party's endorsement ran as Independent Republicans and won, then caucused as Republicans in the Senate. Two Democrats, one endorsed and one unendorsed, ran in the 36th District of Scott County. The endorsed candidate, James McHale, won. Prior to the 1890 election, the Minnesota Senate had 47 seats. A redistricting undertaken in 1889 added 7 seats, bringing the total to 54. In particular, Hennepin and Ramsey Counties as well as western and northern Minnesota gained new seats. Goodhue County lost a seat. Results Summary Republicans won 26 seats, two short of the 28 needed to control the chamber. The Democratic Party and Farmers' Alliance won a combined 28 seats. Due to the fact that numerous candidates were endorsed by more than one party, it is impossible to calculate how many people voted for each party without counting votes multiple times. It can be said, however, that Republicans had certainly not won such a small percentage of the vote since Minnesota had been granted statehood. District results The parties are as follows: (All.), (Cit.), (Dem.), (Ind.), (Lab.), (Peo.), (Pro.), (Rep.) Aftermath When the new legislature met in January 1891, a flurry of activity and political dealmaking led to a", "title": "1890 Minnesota Senate election" }, { "docid": "381506", "text": "The 2004 United States Senate elections were held on November 2, 2004, with all Class 3 Senate seats being contested. They coincided with the re-election of George W. Bush as president and the United States House elections, as well as many state and local elections. Senators who were elected in 1998, known as Senate Class 3, were seeking re-election or retiring in 2004. Republicans won six seats but lost two themselves, giving them a net gain of four seats. Five of the six gains came from Southern states. Conservative Democrat Zell Miller of Georgia, who campaigned for President Bush, chose not to run for re-election and Republican Johnny Isakson won his seat; Democrat Fritz Hollings of South Carolina chose not to run for re-election and was succeeded by Republican Jim DeMint; Democratic vice presidential nominee John Edwards chose not to run for re-election and Republican Richard Burr won his North Carolina seat; Democrat Bob Graham of Florida chose not to run for re-election, and his seat went to Republican Mel Martinez; and Louisiana Democrat John Breaux chose not to run for re-election and Republican David Vitter won his seat. In South Dakota, Republican John Thune defeated the incumbent Senate minority leader Tom Daschle, marking the first and only time since 1952 that a sitting party leader lost re-election, as well as the only time that person was the minority leader. Republican Senator Peter Fitzgerald of Illinois chose not to run for re-election and Democrat Barack Obama won in a landslide, becoming the Senate's only black member and only the third popularly elected in American history and only the third elected since Reconstruction. Also, Republican Senator Ben Nighthorse Campbell of Colorado chose not to run for re-election and Democrat Ken Salazar won the open seat. This was the third consecutive election cycle for Senate Class 3 where the Democrats either broke even or lost seats. This also marked the first time since 1980 in which a presidential candidate from either party won with coattails in the Senate. , these are the last elections held during a presidential election year in which the Republicans made a net gain of seats. Barack Obama, the 44th President of the United States, was first elected to the Senate from Illinois in this election. Results summary Summary of the 2004 United States Senate elections results {\| class=wikitable style=text-align:center \|- ! colspan=2 rowspan=2 \| Parties \| style=\"background-color:\" \| \| style=\"background-color:\" \| \| style=\"background-color:\" \| \| style=\"background-color:\" \| \| style=\"background-color:\" \| ! rowspan=2 \| Total \|- ! Democratic ! Republican ! Independent ! Libertarian ! Others \|- ! colspan=2 \| Before these elections ! 48 ! \| 51 ! 1 ! — ! — ! 100 \|- ! colspan=2 \| End of this Congress (two months later) ! 48 ! \| 51 ! 1 \| — \| — ! 100 \|- ! colspan=2 \| Not Up \| 29 \| \| 36 ! 1 \| — \| — ! 66 \|- ! colspan=2 \| Up \| \| 19 \|", "title": "2004 United States Senate elections" }, { "docid": "17561634", "text": "The United States holds its federal elections on the first Tuesday in November. The President of the United States is elected to a four-year term. Each of the 435 seats in the United States House of Representatives are elected to two-year terms. The 100 members in the United States Senate are elected to six-year terms, with one-third of them being renewed every two years. Because of when these federal offices are up for election, the election years are commonly classified into the following three categories: Presidential elections: Elections for the U.S. President are held every four years, coinciding with those for all 435 seats in the House of Representatives, and 33 or 34 of the 100 seats in the Senate. Midterm elections: They occur two years after each presidential election. Elections are held for all 435 seats in the House of Representatives, and 33 or 34 seats in the Senate. As a result, the membership of these two legislative chambers changes near the midpoint of a president's four-year term of office Off-year elections: These are elections during odd-numbered years. Only special elections, if necessary, are held to fill vacant seats in the Senate and House of Representatives, usually either due to incumbents resigning or dying while in office. The years in which elections are held for U.S. state and local offices vary between each jurisdiction. The vast majority of races held during off-year elections are at the city and local level, but many other city and local governments may instead hold their elections during even-numbered years to coincide with either the presidential or midterm elections. List of elections by year 1788–1879 Each state originally set their own separate date for their congressional elections. Before the Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified in 1933, the date on which a Congress usually began was March 4 of the odd-numbered year instead of early January. Individual states could schedule congressional elections into January or February. The dates when Senate elections were held varied even more: before the Seventeenth Amendment was ratified in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures, which meant senate seats could remain vacant for months or years due to legislative deadlock. 1880–1911 Congress began to standardize House elections in 1872, and by 1880 every state had moved their regular House elections to even-numbered years. However, a state's Senate election continued to depend on whether its state legislature remained in gridlock. 1912–present The 1914 midterm elections became the first year that all regular Senate elections were held in even-numbered years, coinciding with the House elections. The ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1913 established the direct election of senators, instead of having them elected directly by state legislatures. Other References External links Election Statistics (by state within year) at the Office of the Clerk; also here Presidential Elections", "title": "List of elections in the United States" }, { "docid": "59492798", "text": "The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress. Senators have been directly elected by state-wide popular vote since the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1913. A senate term is six years with no term limit. Every two years a third of the seats are up for election. Some years also have a few special elections to fill vacancies. Each state has two senators elected in different years. There were 96 senators from 1912 to 1960 and 100 since then. The Senate has been dominated by Democrats (D) and Republicans (R) in the whole period. Key Seats on election are shown in bold. Re-elected: The sitting senator is elected for another term. Hold: A new candidate from the same party is elected. Gain: The party did not have the seat before. Consider for example the Democrats (D) in 1914: 36 sitting Democrats (D1 to D36) were not on election. 14 sitting Democrats (D37 to D50) were re-elected (D50 had been appointed to fill a vacancy and is shown as an elected hold). 3 new Democrats (D51 to D53) held seats by replacing other Democrats. 3 new Democrats (D54 to D56) gained seats the Democrats did not have before. 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 1924 1926 1928 1930 1932 1934 1936 1938 1940 1942 1944 1946 1948 1950 1952 1954 1956 1958 1960 1962 1964 1966 1968 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 The November 4, 1980 elections coincided with Ronald Reagan's victory in the presidential election. Reagan's large margin of victory over incumbent Jimmy Carter pulled in many Democratic voters and gave a huge boost to Republican Senate candidates. 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 The elections were held November 6, 1990. Democrats increased their majority with a net gain of one seat from Republicans. The election took place in the middle of President George H. W. Bush's term, and, as with most other midterm elections, the party not holding the presidency gained seats in Congress. Only one seat changed parties in this election. Democrats would later gain a 57th seat after a Democrat was appointed to replace a Republican who had died. 1992 The elections were held November 3, 1992 and coincided with Bill Clinton's victory the presidential election. Despite the presidential victory, Democrats had a net loss of a seat in the general elections, and only managed to break even by winning a seat in a special election. Democratic victories over Republicans John F. Seymour (of California) and Bob Kasten (of Wisconsin) were cancelled out by the defeats of Democrats Wyche Fowler (of Georgia) and Terry Sanford (of North Carolina). The election of four new Democratic women to the Senate was notable (referred to in the press as the \"Year of the Woman\"). Due to a special election in California, both of California's Senate seats were up for election in 1992. These seats were won by Dianne Feinstein and Barbara Boxer. As a consequence, California became the first state to have elected", "title": "List of United States Senate elections (1914–present)" }, { "docid": "7422188", "text": "The 2012 United States Senate elections were held on November 6, 2012, with 33 of the 100 seats in the Senate, all Class 1 seats, being contested in regular elections whose winners would serve six-year terms beginning January 3, 2013, with the 113th Congress. Democrats had 21 seats up for election, plus 1 Independent and 1 Independent Democrat, while the Republicans had only 10 seats up for election. The presidential election, elections to the House of Representatives, elections for governors in 14 states and territories, and many state and local elections were also held on the same day. The Democrats gained Republican-held seats in Massachusetts and Indiana and one from an Independent Democrat in Connecticut, leaving them with a total of 53 seats. Additionally, they held open seats in Hawaii, New Mexico, North Dakota, Virginia, and Wisconsin. The Republicans, despite losing two of their seats, picked up an open seat in Nebraska and retained open seats in Arizona and Texas, ending with a total of 45 seats. The Independents retained a seat in Vermont and gained an additional seat from the Republicans in Maine, bringing their total to two seats. Both Independents would caucus with the Democrats, forming a majority caucus with a combined total of 55 seats. , this was the last time the Democrats won seats in Florida, Indiana, Missouri, and North Dakota; and at least one seat in a state that was lost by the Democratic candidate in the concurrent presidential election. It was also the last time the Republican Party won a seat in Nevada. The Democrats would not win control of the Senate again until 2020 and would not win an outright majority again until 2022. Additionally, this was the first time since 1936 that a two-term Democratic presidential candidate had Senate coattails on both occasions. (Although Franklin Roosevelt won third and fourth terms in 1940 and 1944 respectively, he lost Senate seats on both occasions.) This was also the first time since 1964 in which either party had to defend more than two-thirds of the Senate seats up for grabs but managed to make net gains. , this is the last election cycle in which an incumbent senator lost renomination, the last election cycle in which there were no runoff elections, the last time a party flipped a Senate seat while failing to carry the state in the presidential election, and the last time a party flipped a Senate seat in a state whose other seat was flipped by the opposition party in the previous election cycle. Results summary Shading indicates party with largest share of that line. Change in composition Before the elections After the elections Race summary Special elections during the 112th Congress There were no special elections during the 112th Congress. Elections leading to the next Congress In these elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning January 3, 2013; ordered by state. All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats. Sources: Closest races Elections with a margin less", "title": "2012 United States Senate elections" }, { "docid": "1133844", "text": "The 2008 United States Senate elections were held on November 4, 2008, with 35 of the 100 seats in the Senate being contested. Thirty-three seats were up for regular elections; the winners were eligible to serve six-year terms from January 3, 2009, to January 3, 2015, as members of Class 2. There were also two special elections, the winners of those seats would finish the terms that ended on January 3, 2013. The presidential election, which was won by Democrat Barack Obama, elections for all House of Representatives seats; elections for several gubernatorial elections; and many state and local elections occurred on the same date. Going into these elections, the Senate consisted of 49 Democrats, 49 Republicans, and two Independents who caucused with the Democrats, giving the Democratic caucus the slightest 51–49 majority. Of the seats up for election in 2008, 23 were held by Republicans and 12 by Democrats. The Republicans, who openly conceded early on that they would not be able to regain the majority in this election, lost eight seats. Democratic candidates defeated Republican incumbents in Alaska; New Hampshire; North Carolina; Oregon; and, after a lengthy recount process, Minnesota. Additionally, they won Republican-held open seats in Colorado, New Mexico, and Virginia. This election cycle was the second cycle in a row in which no seats switched from Democratic to Republican, and the first since 1990 in which the Democrats retained all their seats. In addition, this was the largest Democratic Senate gain since 1986, where they also won eight seats. These elections marked the first time since 1964 in which a Democratic presidential candidate who won the White House had a Senate coattail effect. Along with two independents who caucus with them, Democrats held at least 58 seats as a result of the elections. The April 2009 party switch of Pennsylvania senator Arlen Specter from Republican to Democrat and the July 2009 resolution of the Minnesota election in favor of Democrat Al Franken increased the Democratic majority to 60–40 (briefly providing the Democrats a supermajority, and thus they were able to hypothetically over-ride any filibusters). Republicans gained a seat in a January 2010 special election in Massachusetts, thereby making the balance 59–41 before the start of the next election cycle. As of 2023, this is the last time Democrats won U.S. Senate seats in Alaska, Arkansas, Iowa, Louisiana, North Carolina, and South Dakota. Results summary Summary of the 2008 United States Senate elections results Sources: Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives U.S. Senate Popular Vote and FEC Total Receipts by Party, via TheGreenPapers.com Change in composition Before the elections After the elections Beginning of the first session Race summary Special elections during the 110th Congress In these special elections, the winner was seated during 2008 or before January 3, 2009, sorted by election date, then state, then class. Elections leading to the next Congress In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning January 3, 2009; ordered by state. All of the elections", "title": "2008 United States Senate elections" }, { "docid": "28233656", "text": "The Alaska congressional election of 1970 was held on Tuesday, November 3, 1970. The term of the state's sole Representative to the United States House of Representatives expired on January 3, 1971. Incumbent Howard Wallace Pollock retired to run for Governor of Alaska. The winning candidate would serve a two-year term from January 3, 1971, to January 3, 1973. Nick Begich defeated former Alaska Commissioner of Economic Development & Anchorage banker Frank Murkowski, by a margin of 10.2%. Begich would go missing on October 16, 1972, posthumously win the 1972 election, be declared dead on December 29, 1972, and be succeeded by Don Young, who won the 1973 special election. Young would hold the seat for 49 years, until his death in 2022. Murkowski would be elected U.S. Senator in the 1980 Senate election, and later become Governor for one term in the 2002 gubernatorial election. Campaign Begich, now more experienced following his 1968 campaign, had maintained many files from the prior campaign, knowing full well how to campaign amongst the vast, sparsely populated state. Murkowski, a banker with little to no political experience, relied instead on his economic experience, being a 28-year Alaska resident & senior banker, notably serving as Alaska Commissioner of Economic Development under Governor Walter Hickel, as well as tying himself to the policies of popular freshman U.S. Senator Ted Stevens & President Richard Nixon. Begich used simple but effective campaign slogans such as \"You must be able to trust your Congressman\" and \"A true representative of all the people\", as well as relying on his voting record in the State Senate. Murkowski countered by campaigning on legislation to raise military pay as to provide more incentive to serve, as well as an all-volunteer military. Republicans were much more successful in raising campaign funding, but Democrats brought more people, as was shown when the Republicans sold 100 $10 tickets to a Fairbanks rally where U.S. Senator John Tower spoke, just for Democrats to draw a crowd of 500, admission free, to a rally at Alaskaland. Due to Begich's support for the Alaska Federation of Natives' views on Alaska land claims disputes, a high issue since statehood, Begich performed very well amongst native voters and the 'Bush' regions of Alaska, especially due to the Republican tickets' failure to adequately address economic concerns, something key for the economically depressed natives. General election Results References 1970 Alaska United States House of Representatives", "title": "1970 United States House of Representatives election in Alaska" } ]	[ { "docid": "26937857", "text": "The 1898–99 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1898 and 1899, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock. In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 1. The Republican Party gained eight seats at the expense of the Democrats and several minor third parties. The Democrats saw strong gains in the concurrent 1898 House of Representatives elections. However, this group of Senators were last up for election in 1892, since which a major political realignment had occurred. Many state legislatures in northern states that had been controlled by Democrats during the third party system had flipped in the Republican wave years of 1894 and 1896, resulting in the huge number of seats the party gained in 1898. The Democrats flipped a Silver Republican held seat in Montana while Republicans flipped a Populist held seat in Nebraska. In North Dakota, Wisconsin, Indiana, West Virginia, Maryland, New York, and New Jersey, Republicans flipped Democratic held seats. A large number of state legislatures failed to fill their Senators during this election cycle: in Utah, a Silver Republican failed to secure re-election; in Delaware and California, a Democrat did so; in Pennsylvania, a Republican seat was lost. In Nebraska and Florida, senators were elected shortly after the beginning of the 56th Congress on March 4. In Oregon, a special election was held to fill a vacant seat. Results summary Senate party division, 56th Congress (1899–1901) Majority party: Republican (52) Minority party: Democratic (25) Other parties: Populist (4); Silver Republican (2); Silver (2) Vacant: 5 Total seats: 90 Change in composition Before the elections After the October 7, 1898 special election in Oregon. Result of the general elections Beginning of the next Congress Race summaries Elections during the 55th Congress In these elections, the winners were seated during 1898 or in 1899 before March 4; ordered by election date. Races leading to the 56th Congress In these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1899; ordered by state. All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats. Elections during the 56th Congress In these elections, the winners were elected in 1899 after March 4, and seated in the 56th Congress. In this election, the winner was seated in the 57th Congress, starting March 4, 1901. Maryland Louis E. McComas won election by an unknown margin of votes for the Class 1 seat. Minnesota New York The election in New York was held January 17, 1899. Democrat Edward Murphy Jr. had been elected to this seat in 1893, and his term would expire on March 3, 1899. At the State election in November 1898, 27 Republicans and 23 Democrats were elected for a two-year term (1899–1900) in the State Senate; and", "title": "1898–99 United States Senate elections" }, { "docid": "51043181", "text": "The 2020 United States Senate election in Colorado was held on November 3, 2020, to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the State of Colorado, concurrently with the 2020 U.S. presidential election, as well as other elections to the United States Senate, elections to the United States House of Representatives and various state and local elections. Under Colorado law, the filing deadline for U.S. Senate candidates was March 17, 2020, the third Tuesday in March of the election year; the primary election occurred on June 30. Incumbent senator Cory Gardner lost re-election to former governor John Hickenlooper. Gardner was unopposed in the Republican primary, and Hickenlooper defeated former State House Speaker Andrew Romanoff in the Democratic primary. This race was one of two Republican-held U.S. Senate seats up for election in 2020 in a state President Trump lost in 2016; the other was in Maine. Many pollsters and pundits considered Gardner to be the most vulnerable Republican senator facing re-election in 2020 due to his narrow victory in 2014, the state's leftward shift, and Trump's unpopularity in the state. As predicted, Hickenlooper easily defeated Gardner by a 9.3-point margin. However, Gardner did manage to outperform Donald Trump in the concurrent presidential election by roughly four points. This became the first election Gardner had lost in his political career as well as being the widest margin of loss for a Coloradan U.S. Senator since 1978. This was the third consecutive election where this seat flipped parties, and also the second consecutive election in which the incumbent senator lost re-election to a second term for this particular seat. At the age of 68, Hickenlooper is the oldest first term senator from Colorado. Background Gardner was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2014, narrowly defeating incumbent Democratic senator Mark Udall in a very successful election year for Republicans. Gardner was widely considered vulnerable in 2020 due to Colorado's recent Democratic trend and his support for Trump. Polling showed that more voters had a negative view of Gardner compared to a positive one. Gardner also faced a four year grassroots campaign across the state by progressive political activists to hold him accountable for his votes, featured a cardboard cutout dubbed \"Cardboard Cory\". The seat was expected to be highly competitive and the most likely Republican-held seat to flip Democratic. The Democratic nominee, former governor John Hickenlooper, had a consistent double-digit lead over Gardner in the polls. Various minor scandals in the days leading up to the June 30 Democratic primary sparked speculation that Romanoff might win, but Hickenlooper had an advantage in name recognition, and harsh negative attacks by Romanoff reportedly led many state Democrats and voters to sour on him. Republican primary Candidates Nominee Cory Gardner, incumbent U.S. senator Withdrawn Margot Dupre, estate agent Gail Prentice, veteran and business owner Endorsements Results Democratic primary Candidates Nominee John Hickenlooper, former governor of Colorado and former candidate for President of the United States in 2020 Eliminated in primary Andrew Romanoff, former", "title": "2020 United States Senate election in Colorado" }, { "docid": "66891692", "text": "Amber Faye McReynolds (born 1979) is an American election administration expert who is a member of the Board of Governors of the United States Postal Service. McReynolds is a member of the National Council on Election Integrity. the National Task Force on Election Crises, and the Board of Directors for Represent Women. Education McReynolds is from Kewanee, Illinois. Her father was a defense attorney and judge. She earned a Bachelor of Science degree from the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign and a Master of Science from the London School of Economics. Career McReynolds worked at the office of the Denver Clerk and Recorder from 2005 to 2018, serving as the city's director of elections from 2011 to 2018. There she led the city's transition to a fully vote-by-mail election system. Denver created the Ballot TRACE system, the first municipal program that notifies voters of the delivery and counting of their mailed ballots, and McReynolds introduced an app for electronic collection and verification of petition signatures. In 2018 she was named one of Governing's Public Officials of the Year. In August 2018 she became CEO of the National Vote at Home Institute to advocate for universal postal voting, which they say increases voter turnout, reduces administration costs, promotes equity by providing easier methods to vote, and is secure against fraud. She has provided advice to voters and election officials on adopting best practices for mail-in voting, including training of election workers, use of appropriate counting equipment, and educating voters. McReynolds and the Institute gained prominence in 2020, when many states expanded access to absentee ballots during the COVID-19 pandemic, allowing voters to vote at home by mail rather than in person. She provided recommendations for sending voters ballots and how to collect them. McReynolds testified before Congress twice about voting safely during a pandemic and election security. Then-California Secretary of State Alex Padilla said McReynolds influenced and advised California's mailing of ballots to every voter, and Georgia Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger's office used McReynolds's advice on implementing the system. The National Vote at Home Institute provided reports for how states could implement vote-by-mail, and 65 million votes were cast by mail in the November 2020 election. On February 24, 2021, President Joe Biden announced that he would appoint McReynolds to a vacant seat on the Board of Governors of the United States Postal Service. On March 15, 2021, her nomination was sent to the Senate. President Biden nominated McReynolds to the seat vacated by David C. Williams. She was confirmed by the Senate, 59–38, on May 13, 2021 to a term expiring December 8, 2026. On June 15, 2021, she was sworn into office by Susan Rice. McReynolds is the only female Governor of the Postal Service and the first with experience with voting and elections. She is not affiliated with either of the two major American political parties. She co-wrote the election reform handbook When Women Vote in January 2020. McReynolds is also on the founding board of directors", "title": "Amber McReynolds" }, { "docid": "44359330", "text": "The 2016 United States House of Representatives elections were held on November 8, 2016, to elect representatives for all 435 congressional districts across each of the 50 U.S. states to the 115th United States Congress. Non-voting members for the District of Columbia and territories of the United States were also elected. These elections coincided with the election of President Donald Trump, although his party lost seats in both chambers of Congress. The winners of this election served in the 115th Congress, with seats apportioned among the states based on the 2010 United States census. In October 2015, the House elected a new Speaker, Republican Paul Ryan, who was re-elected in the new term. Democrat Nancy Pelosi continued to lead her party as Minority Leader. Elections were also held on the same day for the U.S. Senate, many governors, and other state and local elections. Democrats gained 6 seats in this election, although Republicans narrowly won the popular vote and won a 241–194 majority. Republicans suffered net losses in both houses of Congress, despite winning the presidency, a first for either party since the 2000 elections. This was also the first election since 2000 in which the winning presidential party lost House seats. As of 2022, this is the last time Republicans won a majority of seats in Colorado, Virginia, Michigan and Pennsylvania, and the most recent election cycle in which Republicans won a House seat in Maine or any state in the New England region, or won every house seat in Kansas. Results summary Federal Source: Note: does not include blank and over/under votes which were included in the official results. Per states Maps Retiring incumbents Forty-two Representatives declined to seek re-election in 2016, divided into eighteen Democrats and twenty-four Republicans. Democrats Eighteen Democrats retired. : Ann Kirkpatrick retired to run for U.S. Senator. : Sam Farr retired. : Lois Capps retired. : Janice Hahn retired to run for the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors. : Loretta Sanchez retired to run for U.S. Senator. : John Carney retired to run for Governor of Delaware. : Gwen Graham retired. : Alan Grayson retired to run for U.S. Senator. : Patrick Murphy retired to run for U.S. Senator. : Mark Takai died July 20, 2016, having already announced his planned retirement. : Tammy Duckworth retired to run for U.S. Senator. : Donna Edwards retired to run for U.S. Senator. : Chris Van Hollen retired to run for U.S. Senator. : Steve Israel retired. : Charles Rangel retired. : Pedro Pierluisi retired to run for Governor of Puerto Rico. : Rubén Hinojosa retired. : Jim McDermott retired. Republicans Twenty-four Republicans retired. : Matt Salmon retired. : Jeff Miller retired. : Ander Crenshaw retired. : Rich Nugent retired. : Curt Clawson retired. : Lynn Westmoreland retired. : Marlin Stutzman retired to run for U.S. Senator. : Todd Young retired to run for U.S. Senator. : Ed Whitfield resigned September 6, 2016, having previously announced his planned retirement. : Charles Boustany retired to run", "title": "2016 United States House of Representatives elections" }, { "docid": "29254416", "text": "Elections were held in Florida on Tuesday, November 2, 2010. Primary elections were held on August 24, 2010. Florida had 4.6 million Democrats and 4 million Republicans. The latter outpolled Democrats among the 2.4 million independent voters and attracted conservative Democrats in cross-party voting. While running behind Republicans generally, the Democrats ran strongly in every urban area of the state. They lost by lopsided margins in the far Panhandle, Southwest Florida and the Space Coast. Federal United States Senate Main contenders for Florida's open Senate seat include Republican Marco Rubio, Democrat Kendrick Meek, and independent Charlie Crist, along with many other third-party and independent candidates. United States House All twenty-five of Florida's seats in the United States House of Representatives are up for election in 2010. State Governor and Lieutenant Governor Incumbent governor Charlie Crist did not run for re-election, choosing instead to run for election as senator (initially as a Republican, then later as an independent). In Florida, the governor and lieutenant governor run as a ticket. Republican Rick Scott and Democrat Alex Sink won their respective party's primaries; Scott named Jennifer Carroll as his lieutenant-governor running mate while Sink named Rod Smith. Scott would go on to win the general election by plurality, thus holding the seat for the GOP. State Senate Approximately one-half of the forty seats of the Florida Senate were up for election in 2010. State House of Representatives All 120 seats in the Florida House of Representatives are up for election in 2010. Attorney General Republican Pam Bondi, Democrat Dan Gelber and independent Jim Lewis ran for Florida Attorney General, with Bondi winning the election. Other state offices The other state-level offices within the Florida Cabinet up for election were the chief financial officer and the commissioner of agriculture and consumer services. The Republican candidates (Jeff Atwater and Adam Putnam, respectively) won their elections. Judicial positions Multiple judicial positions will be up for election in 2010, including four justices of the Supreme Court of Florida. Florida judicial elections, 2010 at Judgepedia Ballot measures Seven measures have been certified for the 2010 ballot. Florida 2010 ballot measures at Ballotpedia Local Many elections for county offices were also held on November 2, 2010. Notes External links Elections Division of the Florida Secretary of State Florida Candidate List at Imagine Election – Search for candidates by zip code Candidates for Florida State Offices at Project Vote Smart Florida Congressional Races in 2010 for campaign finance data for federal races from OpenSecrets Florida State Races in 2010 campaign finance data for state races from Follow the Money Florida", "title": "2010 Florida elections" }, { "docid": "70133", "text": "The Twenty-third Amendment (Amendment XXIII) to the United States Constitution extends the right to participate in presidential elections to the District of Columbia. The amendment grants to the district electors in the Electoral College, as though it were a state, though the district can never have more electors than the least-populous state. How the electors are appointed is to be determined by Congress. The Twenty-third Amendment was proposed by the 86th Congress on June 16, 1960; it was ratified by the requisite number of states on March 29, 1961. The Constitution provides that each state receives presidential electors equal to the combined number of seats it has in the Senate and the House of Representatives. As the District of Columbia is not a state, it was not entitled to any electors before the adoption of the Twenty-third Amendment. As early as 1888, some journalists and members of Congress favored a constitutional amendment to grant the district electoral votes. Still, such an amendment did not win widespread support until the rise of the civil rights movement in the 1950s. The amendment was not seen as a partisan measure; ratification of the amendment was endorsed by President Dwight D. Eisenhower and both major party candidates in the 1960 presidential election. The amendment's ratification made the district the only entity other than the states to have any representation in the Electoral College. The first presidential election in which the District of Columbia participated was the election of 1964. Starting with that election, the District of Columbia has consistently had three members in the Electoral College, this being the constitutionally implied minimum number it is entitled to; notwithstanding the constitutionally entrenched limitation on its number of electors, the District's population has never reached the threshold where it otherwise would have been entitled to more than three. Since the passage of the Twenty-third Amendment, all but one of the district's electoral votes have been cast for the Democratic Party's presidential candidates. The Twenty-third Amendment did not grant the district voting rights in Congress, nor did it give the district the right to participate in the process that allows the Constitution to be amended. A constitutional amendment to do this was proposed by Congress in 1978, but not enough states ratified it for it to be adopted. Many citizens of the district favor statehood or further constitutional amendments to address these issues. Text Background The United States Constitution's rules for the composition of the House of Representatives and the Senate explicitly grant seats to states and no other entities. Similarly, electors (i.e., members of the Electoral College) are apportioned to states, not to territories or the federal district. The main reference to the federal district is in Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution, which gives Congress the power \"To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever, over such District (not exceeding ten Miles square) as may, by Cession of particular States, and the Acceptance of Congress, become the Seat of the Government of the United", "title": "Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution" }, { "docid": "5069630", "text": "Split-ticket voting is when a voter in an election votes for candidates from different political parties when multiple offices are being decided by a single election, as opposed to straight-ticket voting, where a voter chooses candidates from the same political party for every office up for election. Split-ticket voting can occur in certain mixed-member systems which allow for it, such as mixed-member proportional and parallel voting systems. Examples Australia In Australia, federal elections in recent times have usually involved a House of Representatives election and a half-Senate election occurring on the same day. The states, with the exception of Queensland and Tasmania, also hold elections for both houses of parliament simultaneously. An example of split-ticket voting in Australia is a voter who gives their first preference to the Liberal Party on the House of Representatives ballot paper and to the One Nation party in the Senate. In the 2013 election, the Senate vote for both the Liberal and Labor parties was considerably lower than their lower house vote, demonstrating that a large number of people voted for a major party in the House of Representatives and a minor party or micro-party in the Senate. There are many reasons why a voter may do this, including the fact that many parties only stand candidates for the Senate (leaving their supporters unable to vote for them on their lower house ballot), the much lower quota required for election to the Senate compared to the House of Representatives (14.3% versus 50%), and a desire to check the power of the government by preventing it from controlling the Senate. From 1978 to 2008, when the Australian Democrats held representation in the Senate, the Democrats benefited greatly from split-ticket voting, as their Senate vote was always much higher than their House of Representatives vote. The party built its campaigns around \"keeping the bastards honest\", a reference to holding the balance of power in the Senate so as to prevent the chamber from becoming either a rubber stamp for the government or a tool of obstruction for the opposition. United Kingdom In the United Kingdom the Additional Member System is used for the devolved assemblies of Scotland and Wales, as well as the London Assembly and is considered to increase the likelihood to split-ticket. As each voter casts two votes: one vote for a candidate standing in their constituency (with or without an affiliated party), and one vote for a party list standing in a wider region. In the constituency vote a single representative is elected using the traditional First-Past-The-Post system. The regional vote is used to elect multiple representatives from party lists to stand in regional seats, taking into account how many seats were gained by that party in the constituency vote, using a system of proportional representation: the number of seats a party receives will roughly reflect its percentage of the vote. Between the 1997 and 2003 elections in London, Scotland, and Wales between 17 and 28 percent of voters split their tickets. United", "title": "Split-ticket voting" }, { "docid": "40701919", "text": "The 2016 United States Senate election in Florida was held November 8, 2016 to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the State of Florida, concurrently with the 2016 U.S. presidential election, as well as other elections to the United States Senate in other states and elections to the United States House of Representatives and various state and local elections. The primary elections for both the Republicans and Democrats took place on August 30, 2016. Incumbent Republican Senator Marco Rubio ran for another term but faced well-funded Republican primary opposition after initially announcing he would not seek re-election to his Senate seat. He had openly considered whether to seek re-election or run for president in 2016. He stated in April 2014 that he would not run for both the Senate and president in 2016, as Florida law prohibits a candidate from simultaneously appearing twice on a ballot, but did not rule out running for either office. However, in April 2015, Rubio announced that he was running for President and would not seek re-election. Rubio had initially said he would not run for re-election to the Senate even if he dropped out of the GOP presidential primary before he would have to qualify for the 2016 Senate primary ballot, for which the filing deadline was June 24, 2016. On June 13, 2016, despite his previous statements that he would not run for re-election to his Senate seat, Rubio \"seemed to open the door to running for re-election,\" citing the previous day's mass shooting in Orlando and how \"it really gives you pause, to think a little bit about your service to your country and where you can be most useful to your country.\" On June 22, 2016, Rubio announced that he would seek re-election to the Senate, reversing his pledge not to run. On August 30, the Republican Party nominated Marco Rubio, and the Democratic Party nominated Representative Patrick Murphy. Rubio won with the largest raw vote total in Florida history (until Donald Trump broke the record in 2020), taking a greater percentage of the popular vote than Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump, who won the state in the election. He is the first Republican Senator from Florida since 1994, and only the second with Connie Mack, to be reelected to a second term. Also, with Mel Martinez's victory in 2004, this marks the first time that Republicans have won one of Florida's Senate seats three times in a row (Mack succeeded Lawton Chiles, a Democrat, and was succeeded by another Democrat, Bill Nelson). Marco Rubio won 48% of the Hispanic vote and 17% of the African American vote during this election, an exceptional number for a Republican during a presidential year. Additionally, Rubio's raw vote total was the highest vote total for any Republican Senate candidate up until Texas Senator John Cornyn broke it in 2020. Republican primary Candidates Declared Carlos Beruff, real estate developer and chair of the Florida Commission on Healthcare and Hospital Funding Ernie", "title": "2016 United States Senate election in Florida" }, { "docid": "44613080", "text": "Stephen A. Huffman (born November 14, 1964) is a Republican member of the Ohio Senate, representing the 5th district since 2019. Previously, Huffman served two terms in the Ohio House of Representatives. Life and career Huffman is a lifelong resident of Miami County and was raised in Ludlow Falls, Ohio. He graduated from the University of Toledo and has been a practicing physician for nearly 20 years. In 2013, Huffman announced that he was running for the Ohio House of Representatives after the incumbent, Richard Adams, announced he was not seeking another term. Huffman won a three-way primary with 45% of the vote, and won the general election to take the seat with 77% of the vote. Ohio Senate In 2018, state Senator Bill Beagle was term-limited, leaving the 5th district an open seat for that year's election. As a result, Huffman opted to forego another term in the Ohio House to run for the Senate seat. A competitive seat, the 5th district was a Democratic stronghold until it was won by Beagle in 2010. Despite this, Huffman prevailed, winning over Democrat Paul Bradley, 53% to 47%. Huffman was sworn in for his first term on January 1, 2019. Ohio Senate President Matt Huffman (R-Lima) is his cousin. Huffman was reelected in 2022 with 94.6% of the vote, defeating independent candidate Nancy Kiehl. There was no Democratic opposition in the general election, nor was Huffman opposed in the Republican primary. Committee assignments During the 134th General Assembly, Huffman was assigned to the following Ohio Senate committees: (Chair of) Health Committee (Vice Chair of) Agriculture & Natural Resources Committee Insurance Committee Primary & Secondary Education Committee Controversies In December 2019, The Washington Post detailed how an editorial in the Sidney Daily News against Medicare for all by Huffman was drafted with the help of lobbyist Kathleen DeLand of the pharmaceutical, hospital, and healthcare insurance lobbying group, Partnership for America's Health Care Future. Two Montana state lawmakers, Rep. Kathy Kelker and Sen. Jen Gross, were also implicated. In a June 9, 2020, hearing on whether to declare racism a public health crisis in Ohio, Huffman asked if it were possible blacks were contracting coronavirus at higher rates because \"the colored population do not wash their hands as well as other groups\". Ohio Legislative Black Caucus President Stephanie Howse said, \"The fact that a well-educated legislator – a Vice Chair of the Health Committee and a practicing medical doctor – would, in a public setting, nonchalantly use such antiquated terminology paired with a hurtful, racist stereotype all in one breath reflects how unconscious this problem of racism is for too many.\" Huffman later apologized. His employer, TeamHealth, dismissed him June 11, 2020, for his remarks. In January 2021, Huffman was appointed to lead the Senate Health Committee by Ohio Senate President Matt Huffman (R-Lima), his cousin, drawing new criticism from Black lawmakers in light of Huffman's previous comments. References External links Official site campaign site campaign Facebook page 1964 births Living people Republican", "title": "Steve Huffman (Ohio politician)" }, { "docid": "30410321", "text": "The California state elections was held on Election Day, November 6, 2012. On the ballot were eleven propositions, various parties' nominees for the United States presidency, the Class I Senator to the United States Senate, all of California's seats to the House of Representatives, all of the seats of the State Assembly, and all odd-numbered seats of the State Senate. This was the first general election with California's newly implemented nonpartisan blanket primary in effect, pursuant to Proposition 14, which passed with 53% voter approval in June 2010. Additionally, in November 2010, voters approved Proposition 20, which authorized a California Citizens Redistricting Commission to re-draw congressional district lines, in addition to its current job of drawing state senate district lines and state assembly district lines, taking away that job from the California state legislature. This was the first general election whose winners represent districts drawn by the Citizens Redistricting Commission. After the election, California's congressional delegation gained four new Democrats, including the first gay Asian-American elected to Congress. Dianne Feinstein won her re-election bid for the U.S. Senate, and the Democrats gained a 2/3 supermajority in both of the state's legislative chambers. California voters also voted to re-elect incumbent president Barack Obama, giving him the state's fifty-five electoral votes. Among the propositions on the ballot, voters chose to increases taxes in order to fund education and other state programs, voted to keep the death penalty and the power of labor unions to use payroll deduction to fund political campaigns, and opted to reform the state's three-strikes law. Presidential Congressional State Propositions 11 propositions have been qualified for the ballot. Proposition 30 This is an initiative constitutional amendment that would increase income tax on incomes over $250,000 for seven years and raise the statewide sales tax by 0.25% for four years, and allocates the additional incomes to education, as well as certain state services transferred from the state to local governments. If this measure and Proposition 38 both pass, then the measure with more \"Yes\" votes will take effect. Proposition 31 This is an initiative constitutional amendment that would make several changes to the state budget process. It would change California's budget from an annual budget to a biennial budget, require the legislature to show how bills that increase state spending over $25 million would be offset, give the governor power to reduce spending if there is no budget for more than 45 days, require performance reviews of state and local programs, and allow local governments more power over how they administer programs funded by state taxes. It also requires bills to be published at least three days before they are voted on. Proposition 32 Proposition 32 is an initiative statute. It would prohibit unions from using payroll-deducted funds for political purposes (the same restriction applying to payroll deductions, if any, by corporations and government contractors). In addition, it would permit voluntary employee contributions to an employee-sponsored committee or union with yearly written authorization, ban contributions to candidates and candidate-controlled committees", "title": "November 2012 California elections" }, { "docid": "4620542", "text": "The 1908–09 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were primarily chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1906 and 1907, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock. However, some states had already begun direct elections during this time. Oregon pioneered direct election and experimented with different measures over several years until it succeeded in 1907. Soon after, Nebraska followed suit and laid the foundation for other states to adopt measures reflecting the people's will. By 1912, as many as 29 states elected senators either as nominees of their party's primary or in conjunction with a general election. The 31 Class 3 seats were up for election, as well as various special elections to fill vacancies or confirm appointments. The Republicans lost two seats overall. In Illinois and Florida, the legislature failed to elect until after the beginning of the 61st Congress on March 4. Results summary Senate party division, 61st Congress (1909–1911) Majority party: Republican (60 seats) Minority party: Democratic (32 seats) Other parties: 0 Total seats: 92 Change in composition Before the elections After the January 21, 1908, special election in Rhode Island. Result of the general elections Race summaries Special elections during the 60th Congress In this election, the winner was seated in 1908 before March 4; ordered by state. In this election, the winner was elected three years early, to be seated in the 62nd Congress starting March 4, 1911. Races leading to the 61st Congress In these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1909; ordered by state. All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats. Elections during the 61st Congress In these elections, the winners were elected in 1909 after March 4; ordered by date. Maryland Maryland (special) William Pinkney Whyte was elected by an unknown margin, for the Class 3 seat. Maryland (regular) William Pinkney Whyte died, and John Walter Smith was elected by an unknown margin, for the Class 3 seat. New York The election was held on January 19, 1909, by the New York State Legislature. Republican Thomas C. Platt had been re-elected to this seat in 1903, and his term would expire on March 3, 1909. At the State election in November 1908, 35 Republicans and 16 Democrats were elected for a two-year term (1909–1910) in the state senate; and 99 Republicans and 51 Democrats were elected for the session of 1909 to the Assembly. The 132nd New York State Legislature met from January 5 to April 30, 1909, at Albany, New York. The Republican caucus met on January 18. State Senator J. Mayhew Wainwright presided. The caucus nominated U.S. Secretary of State Elihu Root unanimously. Root was the choice of President Theodore Roosevelt. President pro tempore of the State Senate John Raines lauded warmly Root's", "title": "1908–09 United States Senate elections" }, { "docid": "49643627", "text": "Robert J. Jackson Jr. (born February 14, 1977) is an American lawyer and academic. He currently serves as a professor of law at New York University School of Law, where he is on public service leave. Jackson's research emphasizes the empirical study of executive compensation and corporate governance matters. On September 1, 2017, the White House announced that President Donald Trump had nominated Jackson to fill the open Democratic seat on the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Jackson was unanimously approved by the Senate Banking Committee for the seat, and thereafter unanimously confirmed by the United States Senate on December 21, 2017. Education Jackson attended the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania where he graduated summa cum laude with bachelor's degrees in philosophy and finance. As an undergraduate, he was a submatriculant in the MBA program at the Wharton School with a concentration in finance. Prior to receiving his MBA in 2000, Jackson spent his summer as a Judicial Intern at the Supreme Court working for James C. Duff, Administrative Assistant to the Chief Justice. Jackson went on to attend Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government and Harvard Law School, where he received, respectively, his Master of Public Policy and Juris Doctor. At Harvard's Kennedy School, Jackson along with co-author Jesse Jannetta won the Taubman Prize for best thesis for their policy analysis of the Massachusetts Parole Board's Regional Reentry Center Initiative. He trained under Lucian Bebchuk at Harvard Law School, and following his graduation in 2005, was appointed the Terence M. Considine Research Fellow in Law and Economics by the law school and the Olin Foundation. Professional background Prior to joining the Columbia Law faculty in 2009, he worked in investment banking at Bear Stearns, specialized in executive compensation and corporate governance at Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen, & Katz, and served as deputy director to Kenneth Feinberg at the United States Treasury, helping to establish executive pay rules for corporations such as AIG, Citigroup, and General Motors following the financial crisis of 2007–2008. He also developed Obama administration proposals on executive compensation and corporate governance that became part of the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, and testified before the Senate Banking Committee about agency shortcomings on proposed rules for bonus compensation, rules which were later amended. He received the Columbia Law School 2012 Willis L.M. Reese Prize for Excellence in Teaching, and has taught abroad in China, Italy, and the Netherlands. He has supervised the research of many law school students at Columbia, and has historically mentored postdoctoral fellows, preparing them for academia at top law schools, such as Colleen Honigsberg at Stanford Law and Joshua Mitts at Columbia Law. Other fellows who have continued into academia include James Nelson at the University of Houston Law Center and Kevin Haeberle at William & Mary Law School. Research and policy In November 2014, Jackson co-authored a paper titled How the SEC Helps Speedy Traders, which showed how the SEC allowed certain investors early access", "title": "Robert J. Jackson Jr." }, { "docid": "26795503", "text": "The 1790–91 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. These U.S. Senate elections occurred during the first midterm election cycle, which took place in the middle of President George Washington's first term. As these elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1790 and 1791, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock. In these elections, terms were up for the nine senators in Class 1. As of these elections, formal organized political parties had yet to form in the United States, but two political factions were present: The coalition of senators who supported President Washington's administration were known as the Pro-Administration Party, and the senators against him as the Anti-Administration Party. Change in Senate composition Note: There were no political parties in this Congress. Members are informally grouped into factions of similar interest, based on an analysis of their voting record. Before the elections After the June 25, 1790 elections in Rhode Island. Results of the regular elections Results of the special elections Race summaries Except if/when noted, the number following candidates is the whole number vote(s), not a percentage. Regular and special elections during the 1st Congress In these elections, the winners were seated before March 4, 1791; ordered by election date. Races leading to the 2nd Congress In these regular elections, the winners were seated March 4, 1791; ordered by state. All of these elections involved the Class 1 seats. Special and regular elections in 1791 during the 2nd Congress In these elections, the winners were seated after March 4, 1791, the beginning of the next Congress. Connecticut All of the senators from Connecticut were Pro-Administration through 1795. Connecticut (regular) Oliver Ellsworth was re-elected in 1791. Connecticut (special) William Samuel Johnson resigned March 3, 1791, at the end of the 1st Congress and Roger Sherman was elected June 13, 1791, to finish the term. Delaware Maryland Charles Carroll won re-election over Uriah Forrest by a margin of 20.00%, or 15 votes, for the Class 1 seat. Massachusetts Incumbent U.S. Senator, Tristam Dalton sought re-election but was eliminated before the third ballot. The third ballot saw the election of George Cabot, who had been a member of the Massachusetts Provincial Congress. Cabot won 87 votes. New Jersey New Jersey (regular) New Jersey (special) New York The election in New York was held January 19, 1791, by the New York State Legislature. Incumbent Philip Schuyler's term would expire March 3, 1791. At the State election in April 1790, nominal Federalist majorities were elected to both houses of the 14th New York State Legislature, but many Federalists were friendly to the Democratic-Republican Governor George Clinton, party lines not being drawn very strictly then. The incumbent Philip Schuyler ran for re-election as the candidate of the Federalist Party. New York State Attorney General Aaron Burr was the candidate", "title": "1790–91 United States Senate elections" }, { "docid": "20784180", "text": "This is a complete list of members of the United States Senate during the 6th United States Congress listed by seniority, from March 4, 1799, to March 3, 1801. Seniority rules A Chronological List of United States Senators includes the following explanation of how it assigns seniority. From 1789 to 1958, senators whose terms began on the same day are listed alphabetically. Beginning in 1959, senators are listed according to commencement of first Senate term by order of service, determined by former service in order as senator, vice president, House member, cabinet secretary, governor, and then by state population. This latter system for calculating order of service has been used by the modern Senate for many years for the purposes of office assignment. It is unclear just when the Senate first began applying such criteria. Rank column: This consecutively numbers senators, serving in the relevant Congress, according to seniority in that Congress. Seniority is based upon the method used by the chronological list. If the senator is not the first person to hold the seat, no number is included in the list. A senator with broken service is placed before other senators starting service on the same day, but after senators with unbroken service starting before that date. Senate No. column: The chronological guide gives an official number to each senator. This is the number set out in this column. That number is retained even if the senator has broken service. As an historical article, the states and party affiliations listed reflect those during the Congress. Seats and party affiliations on similar lists for other Congresses will be different for certain members. During this Congress, there were two parties represented. Senators are classified as Democratic-Republican (DR) or Federalist (F). Terms of service U.S. Senate seniority list Notes See also 6th United States Congress List of members of the United States House of Representatives in the 6th Congress by seniority External links Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress List of members of the 6th Congress 006", "title": "List of United States senators in the 6th Congress" }, { "docid": "63548732", "text": "The 2012 Iowa State Senate elections took place as part of the biennial 2012 United States elections. Iowa voters elected state senators in 26 of the state senate's 50 districts—the 25 even-numbered state senate districts and the 49th district. State senators serve four-year terms in the Iowa State Senate, with half of the seats up for election each cycle. This was the first election cycle following the 2010 census and 2011 redistricting process. As a result of redistricting, many state senators were redrawn into new seats. This explains some incumbents being reelected, but into districts with new numbers following the redistricting process. The primary election on June 5, 2012, determined which candidates appeared on the November 6, 2012 general election ballot. Primary election results can be obtained here. Following the previous 2010 Iowa Senate election, Democrats maintained control of the Iowa state Senate with 26 seats. To reclaim control of the chamber from Democrats, the Republicans needed to net 2 Senate seats. Democrats kept control of the Iowa State Senate following the 2012 general election as the chamber's partisan composition remained unchanged with 26 Democrats to 24 Republicans. State Senator Pat Ward was running in district 22 when she died on October 15, 2012, less than a month before the general election. A special election on Dec. 11, 2012 saw her seat retained by the Republicans. Summary of Results NOTE: Only even-numbered Iowa Senate seats were up for regularly-scheduled election in 2012, so most of the odd-numbered seats are not included here. District 49 had a special election to fill a vacancy created by Senator Bacon's resignation. Also note, an asterisk (*) after a senator's name indicates they were an incumbent re-elected, but to a new district number due to redistricting. Source: Detailed Results Note: If a district does not list a primary, then that district did not have a competitive primary (i.e., there may have only been one candidate file for that district). District 2 District 4 District 6 District 8 District 10 District 12 District 14 District 16 District 18 District 20 District 22 Senator Ward died less than a month before the 2012 general election and, since the ballots had already been printed, won this election after having already deceased. A special election was held due to these circumstances. District 24 District 26 District 28 District 30 District 32 District 34 District 36 District 38 District 40 District 42 District 44 District 46 District 48 District 49 District 50 Source: See also United States elections, 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Iowa, 2012 Elections in Iowa References Senate Iowa Senate elections Iowa State Senate", "title": "2012 Iowa Senate election" }, { "docid": "21566928", "text": "Dennis R. Frederickson (born July 27, 1939) is a Republican politician from Minnesota and a former Minnesota State Senator. He was first elected in 1980 when he ran for the seat being vacated by Senator Carl Jensen, who was appointed to the Minnesota Tax Court and did not seek re-election. He was re-elected each cycle between 1982 and 2006, receiving only one serious challenge for the position back in 1982 from former New Ulm mayor and state representative Tony Eckstein. His later re-election committees were chaired by former state senator Earl Renneke. Early life and education Frederickson was born and raised on a farm in Redwood County near Morgan. He graduated from Morgan High School in 1957 and the University of Minnesota in 1961 with a B.S. degree in agricultural economics. After graduation, he spent five years on active duty in the U.S. Navy as a pilot. Following active duty, he flew in the Naval Air Reserve for three years, being honorably discharged with the rank of Lieutenant Commander. Frederickson returned to the family farm in 1967 and was first elected to public office in 1972 as a Redwood County Commissioner, serving eight years. He served five years on the Redwood County Nursing Home Board, four as chairman, and is a former adult 4-H leader, Sunday school teacher, local Lions Club member and past president, and State Home Economics Advisory Council member. He also served on the Redwood Electric Cooperative Board of Directors for 20 years. He has since retired from farming and moved to New Ulm. Senate career As state senator, Frederickson earned a reputation as a leader in issues relevant to environment and natural resources. Frederickson served on many Senate committees and on various relevant subcommittees. He a member of the Senate Environment and Natural Resources Committee for 26 years and of the Environment Budget Division for 24 years. He was President Pro Tempore of the Senate from January 2007 until his retirement. He also served on the Legislative-Citizen Commission on Minnesota Resources (LCCMR), which made recommendations to the Minnesota Legislature on how to spend money from the Environmental Trust Fund, and on the Legislative Commission on Planning and Fiscal Policy. On March 30, 2010, Frederickson announced that he would not seek a tenth term in the Minnesota Senate. Personal life Frederickson is a Lutheran and has three children. He was formerly a Presbyterian. References External links Senator Dennis R. Frederickson official Minnesota Legislature site Minnesota State Senator Dennis Frederickson official campaign site Voting record at Minnesota Public Radio Votetracker 1939 births Living people People from Redwood County, Minnesota County commissioners in Minnesota Republican Party Minnesota state senators University of Minnesota College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences alumni 21st-century American legislators People from New Ulm, Minnesota United States Navy officers United States Navy reservists United States Naval Aviators Military personnel from Minnesota Farmers from Minnesota Lutherans from Minnesota Former Presbyterians 21st-century Minnesota politicians", "title": "Dennis Frederickson" }, { "docid": "26803180", "text": "The 1808–09 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states, coinciding with the 1808 presidential election. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1808 and 1809, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock. In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 1. The Federalist Party gained one seat in these elections. The Federalists had gone into the elections with such a small share of Senate seats (6 out of 34, or 18%) that even if they had won every election, they would have still remained a minority caucus. Results summary Senate party division, 11th Congress (1809–1811) Majority party: Democratic-Republican (26) Minority party: Federalist (7–8) Other parties: 0 Total seats: 34 Change in composition Before the regular elections Result of the regular elections Race summaries Except if/when noted, the number following candidates is the whole number vote(s), not a percentage. Special elections during the preceding Congress In these special elections, the winner was elected during 1808 or before March 4, 1809; ordered by election date. Races leading to the next Congress In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1809; ordered by state. All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats. Special elections during the next Congress In this special election, the winner was elected in 1809 after March 4; ordered by election date. Early race leading to the Congress-after-next In this regular election, the winner was seated on March 4, 1811; ordered by state. This election involved a Class 2 seat. Connecticut Delaware Georgia (special) Maryland Samuel Smith was appointed to the seat as opposed to a re-election, due to the State House and State Senate unable to come to an agreement on how to elect a Senator. Samuel Smith then won re-election over John Eager Howard by a margin of 27.59%, or 24 votes, for the Class 1 seat. Massachusetts Massachusetts (regular) Massachusetts (special) New Jersey New Jersey (regular) New Jersey (special) New York Ohio Ohio (specials) Pennsylvania Pennsylvania (regular) Pennsylvania (special) Rhode Island Rhode Island (regular) Rhode Island (special) Tennessee Class 1 Joseph Anderson, a Democratic-Republican, held a prominent position in Class 1 of the United States Senate, serving intermittently in both the mentioned Senate seat and the other throughout a substantial period, commencing in 1797. His presence in the Senate reflected his notable political influence and the confidence reposed in him by the electorate. Anderson's periodic service underscored the dynamic nature of early American politics, where individuals frequently transitioned between public service and other pursuits. His extended tenure afforded him the opportunity to contribute to various legislative discussions and debates, leaving a lasting impact on the political landscape during a pivotal era in the nation's history. Tennessee (regular, class 1) The Tennessee state legislature encountered a challenge in electing a new senator,", "title": "1808–09 United States Senate elections" }, { "docid": "26999528", "text": "The 1982 United States Senate election in New Jersey was held on November 2, 1982. The seat was effectively vacated by the resignation of Harrison Williams amid scandal in March; his appointed successor, Nicholas F. Brady, did not run. Democratic businessman Frank Lautenberg won the seat in a major upset, defeating a large field of eight Democratic candidates and Republican Millicent Fenwick, a popular, well-known U.S. Representative. Lautenberg's campaign was largely self-funded and overcame early polling leads for Fenwick by outspending her 2-to-1 and emphasizing the persistently poor economic conditions under Republican President Ronald Reagan and the conservative Congress. Background The seat had been occupied by Democrat Harrison A. Williams, who resigned on March 11, 1982, after being implicated in the Abscam scandal. After Williams' resignation, Republican Governor Thomas Kean appointed Republican Nicholas F. Brady to the seat. Brady served in the Senate through the primary and general elections but did not run for the seat himself. Republican primary Candidates Millicent Fenwick, U.S. Representative from Bernardsville Jeff Bell, political consultant and nominee for the U.S. Senate in 1978 Withdrew Robert J. Morris, anti-communist activist and candidate in 1960 (withdrew May 8 and remained neutral) Declined Nicholas Brady, incumbent Senator (appointed April 12) and businessman Campaign Fenwick, an extremely popular Congresswoman, centered much of her primary campaign on her electability, name recognition, and ability to win down-ballot races for local Republican candidates. Some framed the race as a referendum on the Reagan administration's economic policies. Bell himself said, \"If I lose, I think a lot of obituaries are going to be written for Reaganomics.\" Bell framed himself as a strong supporter, or even architect, of President Reagan's economic platform, blaming the Federal Reserve Board's high interest rates for slow economic growth. Fenwick instead blamed the large federal budget deficit and called for cuts to public works to reduce spending, while preserving social services. Both Bell and Fenwick supported a freeze on nuclear weapons contingent on the United States surpassing the Soviet Union's arsenal, while Morris opposed a de jure freeze, arguing that a de facto freeze already existed. Morris also supported a sharp increase in military spending to deter Soviet expansion into the Middle East and Western Hemisphere. Morris also proposed intervention in the Falklands War to force both Argentina and the United Kingdom to withdraw, citing the Monroe Doctrine. He also challenged New York City mayor Ed Koch, then running for Governor, to swim from Manhattan to the Jersey shore to bring attention to New York City pollution. After the first debate, Morris withdrew from the race, saying that he had made his point and did not have the funding to continue. Though he chose to remain neutral, his withdrawal was seen to benefit Bell, a fellow conservative who had also challenged Clifford P. Case in primary. Bell admitted he had asked Morris to withdraw, though he did not know how much effect this had. Near the end of the primary, Bell unsuccessfully sought the endorsement of Governor Tom Kean.", "title": "1982 United States Senate election in New Jersey" }, { "docid": "12534670", "text": "The 1962 United States elections were held on November 6 to elect the members of the 88th United States Congress. The election occurred in the middle of Democratic President John F. Kennedy's term. The Republican Party picked up four seats in the House of Representatives. Still, the Democrats retained strong majorities in both houses of Congress. In the Senate, Democrats won a net gain of four seats from the Republicans, maintaining control of the Senate. In the House of Representatives, Republicans picked up four seats from the Democrats but were short of winning a majority in the chamber; the Democrats won the national popular vote by a margin of 5.3 percentage points. In the gubernatorial elections, neither party won a net gain of seats, Democrats won the most governorships. Notably, 1960 Republican presidential nominee Richard Nixon lost the California gubernatorial election, which many analysts, as well as Nixon himself, incorrectly predicted to be the end of his political career. This was the first time since 1914 that the president's party had a net gain in the Senate and lost seats in the House; this would occur again in 1970, 2018, and 2022. This would be the last time until 2022 that the Democrats achieved a net Senate gain in a midterm during which they held the Presidency, and like in that election, they gained Senate seats while losing House seats. After failing to pass his New Frontier programs in the face of the powerful conservative coalition, Kennedy's victory in this election helped bolster his presidency. Republicans campaigned on Kennedy's handling of the Cuban Missile Crisis, and the end of the crisis shortly before the election helped the Democrats avoid the typical midterm losses. The election also saw the Republicans pick up several House seats in the South for the first time in the Fifth Party System. The GOP would later build on these inroads with Nixon's Southern strategy. The ranks of liberal Democrats were bolstered in this election, allowing for the passage of the Clean Air Act, the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and other programs. See also 1962 United States House of Representatives elections 1962 United States Senate elections 1962 United States gubernatorial elections References 1962 United States midterm elections November 1962 events in the United States", "title": "1962 United States elections" }, { "docid": "14217939", "text": "The 2004 United States elections were held on Tuesday, November 2, 2004, during the early years of the war on terror and after the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Republican President George W. Bush won re-election and Republicans retained control of Congress. Democratic Senator John Kerry of Massachusetts won his party's nomination after defeating Senator John Edwards and several other candidates in the 2004 Democratic presidential primaries. In the general election, Bush won 286 of the 538 electoral votes and 50.7 percent of the popular vote. Foreign policy was the dominant theme throughout the election campaign, particularly Bush's conduct of the war on terrorism and the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Riding Bush's coattails, the Republicans picked up net gains of four Senate seats and three House seats. In the gubernatorial elections, neither party won a net gain of seats. Bush became the first president since Ronald Reagan in 1980 to see his party gain seats in both Houses of Congress during a presidential election year. Republicans would not win another trifecta until 2016. Future President Barack Obama was elected to the United States Senate in Illinois, and he was elected president in the next presidential election. As of 2020, this is the last time the incumbent party retained control over the presidency and Congress after a single term. Federal elections President Republican incumbent President George W. Bush was re-elected, defeating Democratic Senator John Kerry from Massachusetts. United States Senate The 34 seats in the United States Senate Class 3 were up for election. Republicans had a net gain of 4 seats. United States House of Representatives Republicans gained a couple of seats in the House, mainly due to the 2003 Texas redistricting. Republicans won the national popular vote for the House of Representatives by a margin of 2.6 percentage points. State elections Governors Eleven of the fifty United States governors were up for re-election, as were the governorships of two U.S. territories. The final results were a net change of zero between the political parties. The Democrats picked up the governorships in Montana and New Hampshire, but the Republicans picked up the ones in Indiana and Missouri. Other statewide elections In many states where if the following positions were elective offices, voters cast votes for candidates for state executive branch offices of Lieutenant Governor (though some were voted for on the same ticket as the gubernatorial nominee), Secretary of state, state Treasurer, state Auditor, state Attorney General, state Superintendent of Education, Commissioners of Insurance, Agriculture or, Labor, etc.) and state judicial branch offices (seats on state Supreme Courts and, in some states, state appellate courts). State legislative elections Initiatives and referendums State constitutional amendments prohibiting same-sex marriage are passed in eleven states: Arkansas, Georgia, Kentucky, Michigan, Mississippi, Montana, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, and Utah. The measures in Oregon, Mississippi, and Montana bans same-sex marriage only, while Arkansas, Georgia, Kentucky, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Ohio, and Utah bans both same-sex marriage and civil unions and Michigan bans granting any benefits whatsoever to", "title": "2004 United States elections" }, { "docid": "2322813", "text": "Timothy Otis Howe (February 24, 1816March 25, 1883) was a member of the United States Senate for three terms, representing the state of Wisconsin from March 4, 1861, to March 3, 1879. He also served as U.S. Postmaster General under President Chester A. Arthur from 1881 until his death in 1883. Earlier in his career, he was a justice of the Wisconsin Supreme Court. Biography Howe was born in Livermore, Maine (then, part of the commonwealth of Massachusetts), to Timothy Howe and Betsey Howard, attended Readfield Seminary now Kents Hill School, in Readfield, Maine, and studied law with local judges. In 1839, Howe was admitted to the Maine Bar and began practicing law in Readfield. In 1845, he was elected to the Maine House of Representatives. Shortly thereafter, Howe moved to Green Bay, Wisconsin, and opened a law office. He was an ardent Whig and ran an unsuccessful campaign for U.S. Congress in 1848. Howe married Linda Ann Haines and together the couple had 2 children, Mary E. Howe and Frank K. Howe. Howe was elected circuit judge in Wisconsin and served in that position from 1851 to 1855. As a circuit judge, he also served as a justice of the Wisconsin Supreme Court until a separate Supreme Court was organized in 1853. In 1857, Howe ran unsuccessfully for the U.S. Senate. In 1861, Howe ran again and won election to the Senate, serving during the American Civil War and Reconstruction. During his time in the Senate, he was an abolitionist and supporter of the Fifteenth Amendment. Howe argued against the claims of contemporary Democrats that blacks were inherently racially inferior, and remarked that their claim that abolition would cause a war of racial extermination was \"a libel upon humanity, black or white.\" During this time he was considered one of the \"Radical Republicans\" due to his support for racial equality and his opposition to discrimination. 1865 Congressional Hearings chaired by Senator Doolittle looked into Sioux Complaints from the Yankton and Dakota tribes. The Senator found: \"Many agents, teachers, and employees of the government, are inefficient, faithless, and even guilty of peculations are fraudulent practices upon the government and upon the Indians.\" Yankton Chief Medicine Cow testified that Government Agents were the cause of the Minnesota problems. What those agents did in Minnesota was a harbinger of the history coming for the other tribes of the plains. While in the Senate, President Ulysses S. Grant offered Howe the position of Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court. However, Howe declined the offer because he feared his successor to the Senate would be a Democrat. Howe lost his senate seat in 1879 to fellow Republican Matthew H. Carpenter. In 1881, he was appointed United States Postmaster General by President Chester A. Arthur, a position he held until his death in Kenosha, Wisconsin, on March 25, 1883. Electoral history U.S. House of Representatives (1848) \| colspan=\"6\" style=\"text-align:center;background-color: #e9e9e9;\"\| General Election, November 7, 1848 Wisconsin Lieutenant Governor (1849) \| colspan=\"6\" style=\"text-align:center;background-color: #e9e9e9;\"\| General", "title": "Timothy O. Howe" }, { "docid": "70082024", "text": "The 2022 Alabama elections were held on Tuesday, November 8, 2022. The primary elections were held on May 24, 2022, with runoffs taking place on June 21, 2022. The state elected its class III U.S. senator, 4 of 9 members of the Alabama State Board of Education, all of its seats in the House of Representatives, 2 of 9 seats on the Supreme Court of Alabama, 4 of 10 seats on the Alabama Appellate Court and all seats of the Alabama House of Representatives and the Alabama Senate. It also voted on five ballot measures, including the adoption of a new state constitution, replacing the Alabama Constitution of 1901. Federal offices United States class III Senate seat Republican incumbent Richard Shelby retired. Republican Katie Britt won the open seat against Democrat Will Boyd. United States House of Representatives Alabama has seven seats in the House of Representatives. Six are held by Republicans, and one is held by a Democrat. Five of the Republicans and the one Democrat won reelection. One Republican, Mo Brooks from the 5th Congressional District, retired, and was succeeded by Republican Dale Strong. State Executive Governor Incumbent Republican governor Kay Ivey won re-election against Democrat Yolanda Flowers. Lieutenant governor Incumbent Republican lieutenant governor Will Ainsworth won re-election against Libertarian Ruth Page Nelson. Attorney general Incumbent Republican attorney general Steve Marshall won re-election against Democrat Wendell Major. Agriculture Commissioner Incumbent Republican Agriculture Commissioner Rick Pate won re-election against Libertarian Jason Clark. State auditor Republican Andrew Sorrell won election against Libertarian Leigh LaChine. Secretary of state Republican Wes Allen won election against Democrat Pamela Laffitte. State treasurer Republican Young Boozer won election against Libertarian Scott Hammond. Legislature Every member of the Alabama state legislature was up for election in 2018. Both state senators and state representatives serve four-year terms in Alabama. After the 2018 elections, Republicans maintained control of both chambers. In 2018, all 35 Alabama Senate seats and all 105 Alabama House of Representatives seats were up for election. These seats will not be contested in a regularly-scheduled election again until 2026. House of Representatives Republicans won 77 seats while Democrats won 28 seats. The Republican Party gained 5 seats. Senate Republicans won 27 while Democrats won 8 seats. The Republican Party gained 1 seat, the 29th, which was held by an retiring independent who caucused with the Republicans. Judiciary The state Supreme Court has 9 seats, all of which are currently occupied by Republican incumbents. At the appellate level, 2 of 5 seats on Alabama Court of Civil Appeals and 2 of 5 on the Alabama Court of Criminal Appeals are up for election. All seats on both courts are currently held by the Republican Party. State Supreme Court, place five Democratic primary Nominee Anita L. Kelly Republican primary Candidates Greg Cook, attorney Debra H. Jones, judge Polling Results General election Notes Partisan clients References External links (State affiliate of the U.S. League of Women Voters) . (\"Deadlines, dates, requirements, registration options and information on how to", "title": "2022 Alabama elections" }, { "docid": "24775025", "text": "The 1855 United States Senate election in New York was held on February 6, 1855, by the New York State Legislature to elect a U.S. Senator (Class 3) to represent the State of New York in the United States Senate. Background William H. Seward had been elected in 1849 to this seat and his term would expire on March 3, 1855. At the time the Democratic Party was split into two opposing factions: the \"Hards\" and the \"Softs\". After most of the \"Barnburners\" had left the party, joining the Whigs, the majority of \"Hunkers\" split over the question of reconciliation with the minority of Barnburners who had remained Democrats. The Hard faction (led by Daniel S. Dickinson) was against it, in true Hunker fashion claiming all patronage for themselves; the Soft faction (led by William L. Marcy), which included the former Barnburners, advocated party unity as a necessity to defeat the Whigs. In 1854, the Republican Party was founded as a national party, but in New York the Whigs and the Anti-Nebraska Party ran concurrently at the State election. The unification of these occurred in New York only during the nomination convention for the State election in November 1855. Also running in the 1854 election were the American Party and nominees of the Temperance movement. In a general way, party lines were blurred until the re-alignment during the late 1850s after the disbanding of the American Party. At the State election in November 1853, 23 Whigs, 7 Hards and 2 Softs were elected for a two-year term (1854-1855) in the State Senate. At the State election in November 1854, Whig State Senator Myron H. Clark was elected Governor of New York, and 82 Whigs, 26 Softs, 16 Hards and 3 Temperance men were elected for the session of 1855 to the New York State Assembly. \"Know Nothings are sprinkled miscellaneously among Whigs, Hards and Softs; and exactly how many there are of these gentry in the Assembly Nobody Knows.\" The 78th New York State Legislature met from January 2 to April 14, 1855, at Albany, New York. Candidates The incumbent U.S. Senator William H. Seward ran for re-election as a Whig. Election In the Assembly, Seward received 69 votes, given by 65 Whigs; 1 Democrat; 1 Temperance man; 1 Republican and 1 Whig-Republican. Dickinson received 14 votes, given by 13 Democrats and 1 American. Horatio Seymour received the votes of 12 Democrats. Dix received 7 votes, given by 5 Democrats; 1 Independent Democrat and 1 Temperance man. Fillmore received 4 votes, given by 2 Whigs; 1 Democrat and 1 Temperance-American. Horatio Seymour, Jr., received the votes of 2 Americans. King, Butler, Lester, Wait and Bronson received 1 Democratic vote each. Campbell received 1 Temperance-American vote. Howell received 1 American vote. Hoffman and Haven received 1 Whig vote each. In the State Senate, Seward received 18 Whig votes, Dickinson 5 Hard votes, and Allen 2 Whig votes. Preston and Church received 1 Soft vote each. Hoffman, Babcock, Ullmann and Fillmore received", "title": "1855 United States Senate election in New York" }, { "docid": "24068957", "text": "The 1802 United States Senate special election in New York was held on February 9, 1802, by the New York State Legislature to elect a U.S. Senator (Class 3) to represent the State of New York in the United States Senate. Background John Armstrong had been re-elected in January 1801 to a full term (1801–1807), but resigned on February 5, 1802. At the last state election, George Clinton had been elected Governor again, serving now his seventh term, and his Democratic-Republican Party had managed to win a large majority to the Assembly which could outvote the small Federalist Senate majority in a joint ballot. Aaron Burr accused the Clintons later to have hatched a scheme to seat DeWitt Clinton, the governor's nephew, in the U.S. Senate. Burr affirmed that Thomas Tillotson, a brother-in-law of Chancellor Robert R. Livingston like Armstrong, was appointed Secretary of State of New York in 1801 as part of a deal which required Tillotson to procure Armstrong's resignation. At the State election in April 1801, the Democratic-Republican Party won a large majority in the Assembly, and half of the 12 State Senate seats up for renewal. The 25th New York State Legislature met from January 26 to April 5, 1802, at Albany, New York. Candidates State Senator DeWitt Clinton ran as the candidate of the Democratic-Republican Party. Ex-State Senator (1794–1795) Matthew Clarkson was the Federalist candidate. Result Clarkson was nominated by the Senate, Clinton by the Assembly. The Legislature then proceeded to a joint ballot, and Clinton was elected. This was the first time that a joint ballot was necessary to choose between the nominees of different majorities in the houses of the Legislature. Aftermath Clinton took his seat on February 23, 1802, but resigned on November 4, 1803, and Armstrong was appointed by Governor Clinton to re-take his former seat. In February 1804, a special election was held by the State Legislature to fill both seats in the U.S. Senate and, either due to a mistake or to give Armstrong two more years to serve, Armstrong was then elected to the Class 1 seat (term 1803–1809), and John Smith to the Class 3 seat (term 1801–1807) on which Clinton and Armstrong had sat. Armstrong set a record that still stands after more than 200 years, presenting four different credentials to take a seat in the U.S. Senate within as many years, being three times elected and once appointed. Armstrong resigned his seat again on June 30, 1804, after his appointment as U.S. Minister to France. Sources The New York Civil List compiled in 1858 (see: pg. 63 for U.S. Senators; pg. 118 for State Senators 1801–02; page 175 for Members of Assembly 1801–02) Members of the 7th United States Congress Members of the 8th United States Congress History of Political Parties in the State of New-York by Jabez Delano Hammond (pages 183f) Election result at Tufts University Library project \"A New Nation Votes\" New York 1802 New York 1802 1802 Special New York Special United", "title": "1802 United States Senate special election in New York" }, { "docid": "43186833", "text": "The 1874 United States elections occurred in the middle of Republican President Ulysses S. Grant's second term, during the Third Party System. Members of the 44th United States Congress were chosen in this election. The election took place during the Reconstruction Era, and many Southerners were barred from voting. Colorado joined the union during the 44th Congress. Democrats took control of a chamber of Congress for the first time since the start of the Civil War, winning a huge number of seats from House Republicans. However, the Republicans retained a majority in the Senate. The election marked the first occurrence of the six-year itch phenomenon, in which a president's party lost many Congressional seats during the president's second mid-term election. The Panic of 1873, a series of scandals, and an unpopular Congressional pay raise all damaged the Republican Party's brand. With the passage of the Reconstruction amendments, the importance of the parties' roles in the Civil War also receded in the minds of many. Though Republicans won governorships in Northern states such as Pennsylvania, the election increased Democratic power in the South, which it later dominated after the end of Reconstruction. In the House, Democrats won massive gains when the Republicans lost a total of 92 seats (the third-largest swing in the history of the House, and the second-largest House loss by the Republican Party), turning a dominant Republican majority into a similarly dominant Democratic majority. In the Senate, Democrats picked up several seats, but Republicans retained a commanding majority. See also 1874–75 United States House of Representatives elections 1874–75 United States Senate elections References 1874 elections in the United States 1874 United States midterm elections", "title": "1874 United States elections" }, { "docid": "39301864", "text": "A general election was held in the U.S. state of Minnesota on November 4, 2014. All of Minnesota's executive officers were up for election as well as all the seats in the Minnesota House of Representatives, several state judicial seats, a United States Senate seat, all of Minnesota's eight seats in the United States House of Representatives, and several seats for local offices. A primary election was held on August 12, 2014, to nominate major political party candidates for partisan offices and candidates for nonpartisan offices. State elections Governor Incumbent Democratic–Farmer–Labor Governor Mark Dayton sought re-election. Other candidates included Republican Hennepin County Commissioner Jeff Johnson, Hannah Nicollet of the Independence Party, Chris Wright of the Grassroots Party, and Libertarian Chris Holbrook. Republicans Merrill Anderson, Scott Honour, former state House Minority Leader Marty Seifert, former state House Speaker Kurt Zellers, and Democrats Bill Dahn and Leslie Davis were defeated in the primary election. Republicans St. Louis County Commissioner Rob Farnsworth and state Senator Dave Thompson withdrew after failing to win their party's endorsement at the Republican state convention. Dayton was re-elected to a second term. Attorney General Incumbent Democratic–Farmer–Labor Attorney General Lori Swanson sought re-election. Other candidates included Republican state Senator Scott Newman, Brandan Borgos of the Independence Party, Libertarian Mary O'Connor, former DFL state Representative Andy Dawkins of the Green Party, and Dan Vacek running under the label \"Legal Marijuana Now.\" Republican Sharon Anderson was defeated in the primary election. Swanson was re-elected to a third term. Secretary of State Incumbent Democratic–Farmer–Labor Secretary of State Mark Ritchie announced on June 4, 2013, that he would not seek re-election. Candidates that sought election include DFL state Representative Steve Simon, former Republican state Representative Dan Severson, Bob Helland of the Independence Party, and Libertarian Bob Odden. Democrats Dick Franson and Gregg Iverson, and David Singleton of the Independence Party were defeated in the primary election. Democrats Rachel Bohman and former state Representative Jeremy Kalin withdrew in 2013 several months following their announcements. Republican Dennis Nguyen withdrew in mid-March 2014 following reports of an alleged strip club visit. DFL state Representative Debra Hilstrom and former Republican state Senator John Howe withdrew after failing to win their party's endorsement at their party's state convention. Simon was elected. State Auditor Incumbent Democratic–Farmer–Labor State Auditor Rebecca Otto announced on August 20, 2013, that she would seek re-election. Other candidates included Republican Randy Gilbert, Pat Dean of the Independence Party, Judith Schwartzbacker of the Grassroots Party, and Libertarian Keegan Iversen. Former DFL state House Minority Leader Matt Entenza was defeated in the primary election. Otto was re-elected to a third term. Minnesota House of Representatives All 134 seats in the Minnesota House of Representatives were up for election. The Republican Party of Minnesota won a majority of seats. Judiciary Minnesota Supreme Court justices Wilhelmina Wright and David Lillehaug sought election to six-year terms following their respective appointments in 2012 and 2013 by Governor Mark Dayton. Several seats on the Minnesota Court of Appeals and the Minnesota District", "title": "2014 Minnesota elections" }, { "docid": "67874790", "text": "Missouri state elections were held on November 8, 2022, and the primary election were held on August 2, 2022. Missouri voters elected their Class 3 US Senator, State Auditor, all of the seats for the House of Representatives, all of the seats of the Missouri House of Representatives, and 17 of 34 seats in the Missouri State Senate. The two statewide officer holders, Roy Blunt and Nicole Galloway, did not run for re-election leaving both statewide seats with no incumbents. Two of the seats for the House of Representatives were open as incumbent Vicky Hartzler and Billy Long both ran unsuccessfully for the open Senate seat. Federal offices US Senate United States House of Representatives All eight U.S. representatives in Missouri who were up for election. Auditor State legislature All 163 seats of the Missouri House of Representatives and 17 of 34 seats of the Missouri State Senate were up for election. Before the election, the composition of the Missouri State Legislature was: State senate House of Representatives After the election, the composition of the Missouri State Legislature was: State senate House of Representatives Polling Senate District 2 Republican primary Senate District 10 Republican primary Senate District 12 Republican primary Senate District 16 Republican primary Senate District 20 Republican primary Senate District 22 Republican primary Senate District 24 General election Senate District 26 Republican primary Ballot measures There was four amendments as well as a question to rewrite the state constitution on the ballot in November. Amendment 1 changes how the State Treasurer of Missouri is allowed to invest taxpayer money. Amendment 3 legalizes cannabis and allows expungement of convictions while also allowing judges to deny the expungement for \"good cause\". Amendment 4 makes an exception to the Hancock Amendment to allow the increase of required spending for the Kansas City Police put in place by SB 678. Amendment 5 makes the Missouri National Guard its own department and renames it to Missouri Department of the National Guard. Notes Partisan clients References Missouri", "title": "2022 Missouri elections" }, { "docid": "28822530", "text": "The 2012 United States Senate election in Indiana took place on November 6, 2012, concurrently with the U.S. presidential election as well as other elections to the United States Senate and House of Representatives and various state and local elections. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Richard Lugar ran for reelection to a seventh term, but was defeated in the primary by Tea Party-backed Richard Mourdock. U.S. Representative Joe Donnelly, a Democrat from Indiana's 2nd congressional district, was unopposed in his party's primary, and then defeated both Mourdock and Libertarian Andrew Horning in the general election. As of , this is the last time Democrats won any statewide election in Indiana, and the most recent Senate election in which an elected incumbent was defeated in the primary. This election is also the most recent time a party would flip a Senate seat in a presidential election year without carrying the state in the concurrent presidential election. In addition, with Republicans flipping Indiana's other Senate seat two years earlier, this election is the last time a party would flip a Senate seat in a state whose other seat was flipped by the opposition party in the previous election cycle. Background and overview On November 7, 2006, incumbent Richard Lugar was unopposed by any major party candidate as no Democrat filed for the May 2006 primary. He was re-elected to his sixth six-year term with 87.3% of the vote. After the 2012 election, Lugar would have had an even chance, according to Senate Republican Conference rules, to be elected as its president pro tempore. However, the issue was rendered moot with Lugar's primary loss on May 9, 2012, as Indiana state law prohibits candidates from running for an election after losing a primary. Time featured the race in their \"Fury of the Senate\" article. The article mentioned how Donnelly was lucky that Mourdock won out in the primary against Lugar, a well-liked centrist member of the GOP. Another boost came when Mourdock's remarks regarding rape helped propel Donnelly to victory. Republican primary The Republican primary was held on May 8, 2012. Candidates Declared Richard Lugar, incumbent U.S. senator Richard Mourdock, state treasurer Declined Mike Delph, state senator Bob Thomas, auto dealer Campaign Due to Lugar's unpopularity among some Tea Party voters because of his positions regarding illegal immigration, voting to confirm then-U.S. Supreme Court nominees Sonia Sotomayor and Elena Kagan, the DREAM Act, the New START Treaty, some gun control bills, and congressional earmarks, he was challenged by a Tea Party-backed candidate. The Indiana Debate Commission's GOP primary debate with Sen. Richard Lugar and State Treasurer Richard Mourdock was set to air at 7 p.m. EDT on Wednesday, April 11. In a widely published poll taken March 26 to 28, Lugar was still in the lead, but by the time of a second published poll from April 30 to May 1, Mourdock was leading 48% to 38%. Mourdock defeated Senator Lugar in the Republican primary on May 8, 2012. According to Indiana law, Lugar's", "title": "2012 United States Senate election in Indiana" }, { "docid": "4620533", "text": "The 1910–11 United States Senate election were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were primarily chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1910 and 1911, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock. However, some states had already begun direct elections during this time. Oregon pioneered direct election and experimented with different measures over several years until it succeeded in 1907. Soon after, Nebraska followed suit and laid the foundation for other states to adopt measures reflecting the people's will. By 1912, as many as 29 states elected senators either as nominees of their party's primary or in conjunction with a general election. In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 1. In conjunction with winning control of the House of Representatives for the first time since the 1892 elections, Democrats flipped 9 Senate seats. This was not enough to flip the Senate, but significantly narrowed the margin of Republican control. In New York and Florida, the legislature failed to elect until after the beginning of the 62nd Congress on March 4. Special elections were held in six states: Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Dakota, and West Virginia. Result Summary Senate party division, 62nd Congress (1911–1913): Majority party: Republican (50 seats) Minority party: Democratic (40 seats) Other parties: 0 Vacant: 2 Total seats: 92 Four seats were added in early 1912 for new states: Arizona (which elected 2 Democrats) and New Mexico (which elected 2 Republicans). Change in composition Before the elections At the beginning of 1910. Elections results Beginning of the next Congress Race summaries Special elections during the 61st Congress In these elections, the winners were seated during 1910 or in 1911 before March 4; ordered by election date. In this election, the winner were seated in the 63rd Congress, starting March 4, 1913. Races leading to the 62nd Congress In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1911; ordered by state. All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats. Elections during the 62nd Congress In these elections, the winners were elected in 1911 after March 4; ordered by date. Alabama Democrat John H. Bankhead was re-elected early January 17, 1911 for the 1913 term. California Incumbent Senator Frank P. Flint, who had been elected in 1905, retired. Republican John D. Works received a plurality of votes cast at a Republican state primary. Republican A. G. Spalding, however, carried a majority of the legislative districts represented by Republicans. In the legislature, Works was elected January 10, 1911, with 92 votes over Spalding's 21 votes, and a scattering of votes for various Democrats. Connecticut Republican incumbent Morgan Bulkeley, who had been elected in 1905, lost renomination in a Republican legislative caucus 113–64 to George P. McLean. McLean was then elected January 17, 1911, with 177 votes", "title": "1910–11 United States Senate elections" }, { "docid": "20767966", "text": "This is a complete list of members of the United States Senate during the 5th United States Congress listed by seniority, from March 4, 1797, to March 3, 1799. The United States Senate has an official chronological list of senators, accessible from its website. Seniority rules A Chronological List of United States Senators includes the following explanation of how it assigns seniority. From 1789 to 1958, senators whose terms began on the same day are listed alphabetically. Beginning in 1959, senators are listed according to commencement of first Senate term by order of service, determined by former service in order as senator, vice president, House member, cabinet secretary, governor, and then by state population. This latter system for calculating order of service has been used by the modern Senate for many years for the purposes of office assignment. It is unclear just when the Senate first began applying such criteria. Rank column: This consecutively numbers senators, serving in the relevant Congress, according to seniority in that Congress. Seniority is based upon the method used by the chronological list. If the senator is not the first person to hold the seat, no number is included in the list. A senator with broken service is placed before other senators starting service on the same day, but after senators with unbroken service starting before that date. Senate No. column: The chronological guide gives an official number to each senator. This is the number set out in this column. That number is retained even if the senator has broken service. As an historical article, the states and party affiliations listed reflect those during the Congress. Seats and party affiliations on similar lists for other Congresses will be different for certain members. During this Congress, there were two parties represented. Senators are classified as Democratic-Republican (DR) or Federalist (F). Terms of service Seniority list Notes See also 5th United States Congress List of members of the United States House of Representatives in the 5th Congress by seniority External links Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress List of members of the 5th Congress 005", "title": "List of United States senators in the 5th Congress" }, { "docid": "27881051", "text": "{{Infobox election \| election_name = 2012 United States Senate election in West Virginia \| country = West Virginia \| type = presidential \| ongoing = no \| previous_election = 2010 United States Senate special election in West Virginia \| previous_year = 2010 (special) \| next_election = 2018 United States Senate election in West Virginia \| next_year = 2018 \| election_date = \| image_size = 160x180px \| turnout = 46.3% (voting eligible) \| image1 = \| nominee1 = Joe Manchin \| party1 = Democratic Party (United States) \| popular_vote1 = 399,908 \| percentage1 = 60.57% \| image2 = \| nominee2 = John Raese \| party2 = Republican Party (United States) \| popular_vote2 = 240,787 \| percentage2 = 36.47% \| map_image = \| map_caption = Manchin: Raese: \| title = U.S. Senator \| before_election = Joe Manchin \| before_party = Democratic Party (United States) \| after_election = Joe Manchin \| after_party = Democratic Party (United States) }} The 2012 United States Senate election in West Virginia' was held on November 6, 2012, to elect one of West Virginia's two members of the U.S. Senate for a six-year term. In a rematch of the 2010 special election, incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Joe Manchin won re-election to a first full term against the Republican nominee, John Raese. Notably, Manchin outperformed Barack Obama in the concurrent presidential election by 25.06 percentage points in vote share, and by 50.86 percentage points on margin. Background Robert Byrd held this seat in the U.S. Senate from 1959 until his death on June 28, 2010, after serving in the U.S. House of Representatives since 1953, making him the longest-serving person in Congress. Byrd led his party in the Senate from 1977 to 1989, as Majority Leader or Minority Leader. Afterward, as the most senior Democrat in the Senate, he served as president pro tempore of the Senate whenever his party was in the majority, including at the time of his death. After Byrd's death, West Virginia Secretary of State Natalie Tennant initially announced that a special election would not be held until the regular election for the six-year term in 2012. However, that special election was rescheduled to 2010 for it to coincide with the mid-term elections and to avoid having an interim appointee serving more than two years in the seat. Governor Joe Manchin made a temporary appointment of Carte Goodwin to the vacant seat. Goodwin was later replaced by Manchin who won the 2010 special election. Democratic primary Candidates Sheirl Fletcher, former Republican State Delegate and Democratic candidate for the U.S. Senate in 2008 and 2010 Joe Manchin, incumbent U.S. senator Results Republican primary John Raese, perennial candidate General election Candidates Bob Henry Baber (Mountain), former mayor of Richwood and candidate for Governor in 2011 Joe Manchin (Democratic), incumbent U.S. Senator John Raese (Republican), businessman and perennial candidate Campaign Raese filed a rematch against Manchin, arguing that he now had more material to criticize Manchin for. One example is how Manchin lost his longtime endorsement from the", "title": "2012 United States Senate election in West Virginia" }, { "docid": "72989290", "text": "The 2002 United States state legislative elections were held on November 5, 2002, halfway through President George W. Bush's first term in office. This was a unique election in which the incumbent Republican party performed surprisingly well for a midterm election. Elections were held for 91 legislative chambers, with all states but Louisiana, Mississippi, New Jersey, and Virginia holding elections in at least one house. Three territorial chambers in two territories and the District of Columbia were up as well. Republicans flipped control of six chambers: the Colorado Senate, the Georgia Senate for the first time since 1873, the Missouri House of Representatives for the first time since 1955, the Texas House of Representatives for the first time since 1873, the Washington Senate, and the Wisconsin Senate. Meanwhile, Democrats flipped control of the Illinois Senate. Additionally, the Arizona Senate went from a Democratic-led coalition to Republican control. The Maine Senate went from an evenly divided power-sharing government to a Democratic one. while the Oregon Senate went from Republican to tied. Republicans had initially won control of the North Carolina House of Representatives by one seat, but Republican Michael P. Decker switched parties to become a Democrat, producing a tied chamber. Republicans won a trifecta in Texas for the first time since 1873, and in Missouri for the first time since 1923. As a result, Republicans held a majority of state legislative seats for the first time in half a century. Summary table Regularly-scheduled elections were held in 91 of the 99 state legislative chambers in the United States. Nationwide, regularly-scheduled elections were held for 6,381 of the 7,383 legislative seats. Many legislative chambers held elections for all seats, but some legislative chambers that use staggered elections held elections for only a portion of the total seats in the chamber. The chambers not up for election either hold regularly-scheduled elections in odd-numbered years, or have four-year terms and hold all regularly-scheduled elections in presidential midterm election years. Note that this table only covers regularly-scheduled elections; additional special elections took place concurrently with these regularly-scheduled elections. State summaries Upper houses Lower houses Territorial and federal district summaries Lower houses Unicameral Notes References State legislative elections State legislature elections in the United States by year", "title": "2002 United States state legislative elections" }, { "docid": "17477071", "text": "The 1974 United States elections were held on November 5. The elections occurred in the wake of the Watergate scandal and three months into the term of Republican President Gerald Ford. Democrats expanded their majorities in both houses of Congress. Ford's granting of a pardon to his predecessor, Richard Nixon, along with soaring inflation caused by the 1973 oil crisis, created a tough environment for the Republican Party. Democrats won net gains of four seats in the Senate, 49 seats in the House of Representatives, and four seats in the gubernatorial elections. Many of the newly elected Democrats were Northern liberals, shifting the balance of power away from conservative Southern Democrats. Federal elections United States Senate The Democrats made a net gain of four Senate seats from the Republicans. Democrat John A. Durkin won a special election in New Hampshire after the Senate voided the original contested election. After the special election, Democrats possessed 60 seats to 38 for the Republicans, with one independent who caucused with the Democrats and one Conservative who caucused with the Republicans. United States House of Representatives The Democrats won the nationwide popular vote for the House of Representatives by a margin of 16.8 points. This translated to a net gain of 49 seats from the Republicans, increasing the party's majority above the two-thirds mark. Many of the newly elected Democrats in the House and Senate were liberal northerners (known as Watergate Babies), and the influx of liberals moved power away from the conservative southern Democrats who held most committee chairs in both houses. State elections The Democratic Party picked up a net of four seats in the gubernatorial elections and picked up four seats in U.S. Senate as well. References 1974 United States midterm elections November 1974 events in the United States", "title": "1974 United States elections" }, { "docid": "63585196", "text": "Elections to the Massachusetts Senate were held during 1787 to elect 40 State Senators. Candidates were elected at the county level, with some counties electing multiple Senators. For election, a candidate needed the support of a majority of those voting. If a seat remained vacant because no candidate received such majority, the Massachusetts General Court was empowered to fill it by a majority vote of its members. The primary issue in this race was the ongoing ratification of the United States Constitution by a separate ratifying convention; the reaction divided the state (and nation) between Federalists and Anti-Federalists, though the factions did not appear as strictly formal political parties until 1789. The elections were also held during the midst of Shays' Rebellion, an armed uprising in Western Massachusetts against the national government, formed in opposition to the ongoing debt crisis. Apportionment The apportionment of seats by population was as follows: Barnstable County: 1 Berkshire County: 2 Bristol County: 3 Cumberland County: 1 Dukes and Nantucket Counties: 1 Essex County: 6 Hampshire County: 4 Lincoln County: 1 Middlesex County: 5 Plymouth County: 3 Suffolk County: 6 Worcester County: 5 York County: 2 Results Barnstable Berkshire Both candidates were elected. Bristol Cumberland Dukes and Nantucket Because Mayhew failed to achieve a majority, the election was put to the General Court, which certified his election with near unanimity. General Court Essex Dalton, Choate, and Greenleaf would subsequently be elected by the General Court. General Court Hampshire Hastings, Smead, and Phelps were subsequently elected by the General Court. General Court Lincoln Middlesex Based on returns from Weston, Ezra Sergant, Abraham Fuller, James Prescot, Joseph Curtis, Thomas Fairweather, Joseph Roberts, John Brooks, and Abner Sanderson also received votes, but how many they received county-wide is unknown. Hosmer and MacFarland were subsequently elected by the General Court. General Court Plymouth Turner and Cushing were subsequently elected by the General Court. General Court Suffolk Austin and Dunbar were subsequently elected by the General Court. (No result is listed for Dunbar's election.) General Court Worcester General Court York No candidate received a majority. Cutts and Jordan were subsequently elected by the General Court. General Court References Senate 1787 Massachusetts Mass Massachusetts Senate", "title": "1787 Massachusetts Senate election" }, { "docid": "3281885", "text": "The 1912–13 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. They were the last U.S. Senate elections before the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, establishing direct elections for all Senate seats. Senators had been primarily chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1912 and 1913, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock. Some states elected their senators directly even before passage of Seventeenth Amendment. Oregon pioneered direct election and experimented with different measures over several years until it succeeded in 1907. Soon after, Nebraska followed suit and laid the foundation for other states to adopt measures reflecting the people's will. By 1912, as many as 29 states elected senators either as nominees of their party's primary or in conjunction with a general election. In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 2. The Democrats gained control of the Senate for the first time in 20 years. Of the 32 seats up for election, 17 were won by Democrats, thereby gaining 4 seats from the Republicans. Two seats were unfilled by state legislators who failed to elect a new senator on time. These elections coincided with Democrat Woodrow Wilson's victory in the presidential election amid a divide in the Republican Party. In the Senate, Joseph M. Dixon and Miles Poindexter defected from the Republican Party and joined Theodore Roosevelt's new Progressive Party. Dixon, however, lost his seat during this election. Results summary Change in composition Before the elections Results of elections before the next Congress Beginning of the next Congress, March 4, 1913 Beginning of the first session, April 7, 1913 Complete list of races Special elections during the 62nd Congress In these special elections, the winners were seated in the 62nd Congress during 1912 or before March 4, 1913; ordered by election date. Races leading to the 63rd Congress In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1913; ordered by state. All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats. Early election to the following Congress In this early general election, the winner was seated in the 64th Congress, starting March 4, 1915. Elections during the 63rd Congress In these elections (some special, some merely late), the winners were seated in 1913 after March 4. Some of those five elections late and some special, some by legislatures before ratification of the amendment and some popularly thereafter: Two elections were late and elected by legislatures: New Hampshire and Illinois (Class 2) One election was special and elected by a legislature: Illinois (Class 3) One election was late and elected popularly: Georgia One election was special and elected popularly: Maryland They are ordered here by election date, then by class. Alabama Incumbent Senator John H. Bankhead had already been re-elected early January 17, 1911 for the 1913 term. Arkansas One-term incumbent Senator Jeff Davis died January 3, 1913. Democratic Governor of Arkansas Joseph T.", "title": "1912–13 United States Senate elections" }, { "docid": "32379023", "text": "The 1862–63 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states, occurring during the American Civil War. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1862 and 1863, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock. In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 1. Since many Southern states seceded in 1860 and 1861, six senators resigned to join the Confederacy, and 14 were expelled for supporting the rebellion: these seats were declared vacant. To establish a quorum with fewer members, a lower total seat number was taken into account. The Republican Party increased their control of the Senate by gaining three seats, bringing their majority to two-thirds of the body. Also caucusing with them were Unionists and Unconditional Unionists, giving them a commanding majority. Results summary Senate party division, 38th Congress (1863–1865) Majority party: Republican (31), later rose to 33 Minority party: Democratic (10) Other parties: Unionist (4), later dropped to 3; Unconditional Unionist (3), later rose to 4 Vacant: 20, later rose to 22 Total seats: 48, later rose to 50 Change in composition Before the elections At the beginning of 1862. As a result of the elections Beginning of the next Congress Race summaries Elections during the 37th Congress In these elections, the winners were seated during 1862 or in 1863 before March 4; ordered by election date. Elections leading to the 38th Congress In these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1863; ordered by state. All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats. Elections during the 38th Congress In these elections, the winners were elected in 1863 after March 4; ordered by election date. California Connecticut Delaware Florida Illinois (special) Republican appointee Orville Browning, who had been appointed in June 1861 on the death of Stephen A. Douglas, retired instead of running to finish the class 2 term. Democrat William Richardson won the January 12, 1863 special election over Governor of Illinois Richard Yates. Richardson would lose renomination in the 1865 election to the next term, which Yates would win. Indiana Indiana (special) Democratic incumbent Jesse D. Bright was expelled from the Senate February 5, 1862 for supporting the Confederacy. The governor appointed Unionist former-Governor Joseph A. Wright February 24, 1862, until a successor could be elected to finish the term. Democrat David Turpie was elected to finish the term, ending March 3, 1863. Turpie was not a candidate for the next term, however. Indiana (regular) Former United States Representante Thomas A. Hendricks, who had not been a candidate to finish the current term, was elected in 1862 to the next term, starting March 4, 1863. Maine First-term Republican Lot M. Morrill was elected to his first full term January 13, 1863. Maryland Reverdy Johnson won election by an unknown margin", "title": "1862–63 United States Senate elections" }, { "docid": "20722311", "text": "This is a complete list of members of the United States Senate during the 4th United States Congress listed by seniority, from March 4, 1795, to March 3, 1797. The United States Senate has an official chronological list of senators, accessible from its website, which provides information about the seniority of senators serving in the relevant Congress. Seniority rules A Chronological List of United States Senators includes the following explanation of how it assigns seniority. From 1789 to 1958, senators whose terms began on the same day are listed alphabetically. Beginning in 1959, senators are listed according to commencement of first Senate term by order of service, determined by former service in order as senator, vice president, House member, cabinet secretary, governor, and then by state population. This latter system for calculating order of service has been used by the modern Senate for many years for the purposes of office assignment. It is unclear just when the Senate first began applying such criteria. Rank column: This consecutively numbers senators, serving in the relevant Congress, according to seniority in that Congress. Seniority is based upon the method used by the chronological list. If the senator is not the first person to hold the seat, in the Congress, then he is given the number of the preceding senator followed by a lower case letter. In addition, if the senator would have had different seniority (if the method used from 1959 was followed) a further number is given in brackets and italicised A senator with broken service is placed before other senators starting service on the same day, but after senators with unbroken service starting before that date. Senate No. column: The chronological guide gives an official number to each senator. This is the number set out in this column. That number is retained even if the senator has broken service. As an historical article, the states and party affiliations listed reflect those during the Congress. Seats and party affiliations on similar lists for other Congresses will be different for certain members. During this Congress, there were two parties represented. Senators are classified as Democratic-Republican (DR) or Federalist (F). Terms of service U.S. Senate seniority list See also 4th United States Congress List of members of the United States House of Representatives in the 4th Congress by seniority References External links Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress List of members of the 4th Congress 004", "title": "List of United States senators in the 4th Congress" }, { "docid": "14477047", "text": "The 1996 United States Senate election in Alabama was held on November 5, 1996. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Howell Heflin decided to retire. Republican Jeff Sessions won the open seat, becoming the first of his party to win this seat since Reconstruction in 1868 and only the second Republican ever to be popularly elected to the U.S. Senate from Alabama. The swearing-in or the inauguration of Jeff Sessions marked the first time since 1871 that Republicans simultaneously held both Senate seats. This was the first time ever that a Republican won a full term to this Senate seat in Alabama. Background In the 1968 presidential election, Alabama supported native son and American Independent Party candidate George Wallace over both Richard Nixon and Hubert Humphrey. Wallace was the official Democratic candidate in Alabama, while Humphrey was listed as the \"National Democratic\". In 1976, Democratic candidate Jimmy Carter from Georgia carried the state, the region, and the nation, but Democratic control of the region slipped after that. Since 1980, conservative Alabama voters have increasingly voted for Republican candidates at the Federal level, especially in Presidential elections. By contrast, Democratic candidates have been elected to many state-level offices and, until 2010, comprised a longstanding majority in the Alabama Legislature. Three-term incumbent Howell Heflin decided not to seek re-election. A 75-year-old moderate-to-conservative Democrat, Heflin was re-elected in 1990 with over 60% of the vote. Until 2017, Heflin remained the last member of the Democratic Party to win a Senate seat in Republican-turning Alabama (his colleague, Richard Shelby, elected twice as a Democrat, switched his party affiliation to Republican in 1994). Democratic primary Candidates Roger Bedford, State Senator Marilyn Q. Bromberg Glen Browder, U.S. Representative since 1989 Natalie Davis, professor of political science at Birmingham-Southern College Results Republican primary Candidates Jimmy Blake, Birmingham City Councilman Walter D. Clark, podiatrist and Vietnam veteran Albert Lipscomb, State Senator Sid McDonald, former State Senator Frank McRight, attorney and Democratic nominee for AL-01 in 1984 Jeff Sessions, Alabama Attorney General Charles Woods, businessman and perennial candidate Results General election Candidates Roger Bedford (D), State Senator Charles Hebner (NL), activist Jeff Sessions (R), Attorney General of Alabama Mark Thornton (L), economist Results See also 1996 United States Senate elections References 1996 1996 Alabama elections Alabama", "title": "1996 United States Senate election in Alabama" }, { "docid": "2900962", "text": "United States gubernatorial elections were held on November 4, 2008, in 11 states and two territories. Prior to the election, eight of the total seats were held by Democrats and five by Republicans. Two governors were prohibited by term limits from seeking re-election in 2008. The only governorship to change party was the open seat in Missouri, which was won by a Democrat after being previously held by a Republican. These elections coincided with the presidential election, as well as the elections of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives and many local elections, state elections, and ballot propositions. Election predictions Race Summary States Territories Closest races States where the margin of victory was under 5%: North Carolina, 3.39% States where the margin of victory was under 10%: Washington, 6.45% Blue denotes states won by Democrats. Delaware Ruth Ann Minner was term-limited in 2008. As of 2008, Democrats had controlled the Delaware governorship for 16 years. In an upset, state Treasurer Jack Markell defeated Lieutenant Governor John Carney by 51 to 49% for the Democratic nomination on September 9. The Republican nominee was former state Superior Court Judge William Swain \"Bill\" Lee, defeating airline pilot Michael Protrack. Lee was the Republican nominee for governor in 2004, and lost to Minner by a narrow margin. The race got more attention due to the vice presidential candidacy of U.S. Senator Joe Biden. Since Biden, a senator, was elected to be Vice President, he needed to resign his Senate seat. The new governor was then called upon to appoint someone to replace Biden in the Senate. Since Lee would naturally have been more inclined to select a Republican, his election could have caused a Republican pickup in the Senate by proxy. However, he was defeated by a wide margin on election day by Markell. Senator Biden resigned his seat in the United States Senate on January 15, 2009, and Governor Minner appointed Ted Kaufman to Biden's seat. Kaufman had previously served as Senator Biden's Chief of Staff during his tenure in the United States Senate. Indiana Incumbent Republican Mitch Daniels faced Democratic nominee former Congresswoman and Undersecretary of Agriculture Jill Long Thompson, and Libertarian nominee engineer Andy Horning, who also ran for governor in 2000. Some pundits thought Mitch Daniels was vulnerable in 2008, but polling taken by SurveyUSA on October 21 and 22, 2008 showed him with a significant 54–35 lead. He won re-election easily, confirming these predictions. While Indiana had not voted Democratic for president since 1964, Daniels was the first Republican elected governor in 16 years there. Daniels was also endorsed by the state's largest newspapers, the Indianapolis Star, the Evansville Courier & Press, the Fort Wayne Journal Gazette, the Times of Northwest Indiana, the Gary Post-Tribune and the Louisville Courier-Journal. Missouri Matt Blunt was considered to be the most vulnerable incumbent in the 2008 election cycle, but decided on January 22, 2008, not to seek re-election. Blunt's approval rating was the nation's second-lowest after Governor", "title": "2008 United States gubernatorial elections" }, { "docid": "1229364", "text": "Ephraim Hubbard Foster (September 17, 1794September 6, 1854) was an American politician, who twice served as a United States Senator from Tennessee. During his political career, he was a member of the Whig Party. Biography Foster was born near Bardstown, Kentucky, in Nelson County, the son of Robert Coleman Foster and the former Ann Hubbard. In 1797 he moved with his parents to Tennessee, where they settled in the Nashville area. He later graduated from Cumberland College (1813) and later studied law, being admitted to the bar in 1820. He owned slaves. He also served in the Creek War and was for a time private secretary to General Andrew Jackson. He was a member of the Tennessee House of Representatives from 1829 to 1831 and again from 1835 to 1837, serving each time as Speaker. Upon the resignation from the U.S. Senate of Felix Grundy to accept appointment as United States Attorney General, the Tennessee General Assembly elected Foster his successor. He served in the Senate for the first time from September 17, 1838, to March 3, 1839. The legislature elected him to continue in the new term, but he declined, refusing to take their instruction in how to vote while a Senator; the legislature then turned to Grundy, still Attorney General, to succeed him, which (controversially) Grundy agreed to do. However, Grundy died in office about a year later. Alfred O. P. Nicholson agreed to serve on an interim basis; then for a period the seat was vacated entirely, but eventually the legislature agreed to elect Foster again to the seat and he agreed to serve. His second period of service in the Senate was from October 17, 1843, to March 3, 1845. During this time he chaired the Senate Committee on Claims. Later in 1845 Foster received the nomination of the Whig party for Governor of Tennessee, but was defeated in the election by Aaron V. Brown of the Democratic Party. Following this, Foster returned to his Nashville law practice until shortly before his death. He is buried in the old City Cemetery in Nashville. His only daughter Sallie married Benjamin F. Cockrill, the son of planter Mark R. Cockrill, and they had a son, Benjamin F. Cockrill Jr. Notes Sources External links 1794 births 1854 deaths People from Nelson County, Kentucky American people of English descent Whig Party United States senators from Tennessee Members of the Tennessee House of Representatives Tennessee lawyers Politicians from Nashville, Tennessee People of the Creek War United States senators who owned slaves", "title": "Ephraim H. Foster" } ]	[ "100" ]
train_21989	when is the release date for ark survival evolved xbox one	[ { "docid": "51647652", "text": "Wildcard Properties, LLC (trade name: Studio Wildcard) is an American video game developer with offices in Redmond, Washington, and Gainesville, Florida. The company was founded in October 2014 by Doug Kennedy, Jesse Rapczak, Jeremy Stieglitz, and Susan Browning Stieglitz. Stieglitz had previously left his position at Trendy Entertainment in August 2014 under a one-year non-compete agreement. The company sued him and Studio Wildcard in December 2015 for breach of contract, among other allegations, and the parties settled in April 2016. Studio Wildcard's debut game, Ark: Survival Evolved, was released in August 2017. In 2018, it set up Grapeshot Games to develop Atlas. A sequel, Ark II, was announced in December 2020. History Jeremy Stieglitz and Augi Lye founded the developer Trendy Entertainment in 2009. In September 2013, after being publicly accused of creating a hostile work environment, Stieglitz's role within the company was reduced to president of NomNom Games, a minor subsidiary of the studio. In April 2014, he notified the management of Trendy Entertainment and its primary investor, Insight Venture Partners, that he intended to leave the company because he could not trust or work with certain employees at the company. At the time, Stieglitz was subject to a non-compete agreement, barring him from competing with and hiring employees from Trendy Entertainment for three years. Pursuant to an agreement signed in July that year, Stieglitz was bound to Trendy Entertainment until August 15, 2014, with the length of his non-compete agreement in turn reduced to one year. Stieglitz consequently left the company that August, stating that he would take a break before re-entering the video game industry. According to Trendy Entertainment, Stieglitz had been secretly approaching the company's staff with the prospect of joining a new video game studio, so the company's lawyers reminded him of the non-compete agreement on August 18, 2014. Stieglitz founded Studio Wildcard (legally Wildcard Properties, LLC) in October 2014. It was incorporated as a limited liability company under the jurisdiction of Florida, while offices were established in the Seattle area. Doug Kennedy, Jesse Rapczak, and Susan Browning Stieglitz (Stieglitz's wife) were co-founders of the company. Kennedy was appointed as Studio Wildcard's chief executive officer. Legally, Browning Stieglitz was listed as the company's manager under her maiden name, Susan Browning, while Stieglitz was not listed. In December 2015, Snail Ark Inc. (a California corporation and subsidiary of SDE Inc.) was merged into Studio Wildcard. Subsequently, three managers of the former Snail Ark Inc. became managers of Studio Wildcard, while Browning Stieglitz was removed as one. Studio Wildcard later identified SDE Inc. as its parent company. SDE Inc. has been described as an affiliate of Snail Games USA, the American branch of the Chinese video game company Snail Games. During 2015, Trendy Entertainment and its lawyers repeatedly contacted Stieglitz in regard to his involvement with Studio Wildcard, including through a cease and desist letter sent in July that year. On December 18, 2015, Trendy Entertainment filed a lawsuit against him and Studio Wildcard at Florida's Eighth", "title": "Studio Wildcard" } ]	[ { "docid": "46498232", "text": "Ancestors: The Humankind Odyssey is a survival game developed by Panache Digital Games and published by Private Division. It was released for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One in August 2019. It was directed by Patrice Désilets. Set in prehistoric Africa, players control hominin species within the evolutionary lineage of modern humans, and are tasked to ensure their survival and facilitate their evolution. Gameplay Ancestors: The Humankind Odyssey is a survival game played from a third-person view. In the game, players control a member of a hominid clan and have to manage the player character's health by eating, drinking, and sleeping. The game starts in a jungle in prehistoric Africa, an open world filled with threats including Machairodus, Metridiochoerus, Crocodylus thorbjarnarsoni, Adcrocuta hyenas, African rock python, giant miocene otters, African buffalo, and more. Players can climb trees, and will suffer injuries if they fall down or are attacked by predators. As players progress, new areas are opened up for players to explore. When a hominid is exploring new locations or being hunted by predators, it will enter a state of \"fear\" which can be overcome by finding glowing orbs of light, or else it will descend into a state of hysteria. While the world is dangerous, the apes can use their heightened senses to listen to various sounds, such as that of a predator, a lost clan member, or an outsider which can be recruited to the player's clans. The hominid can use its intelligence to pinpoint the locations of different items of interest and make new discoveries such as identifying new food or tools. As players continue to make new discoveries, the hominid become more intelligent and capable, and new skills such as using leaves to make bedding and medicinal plants to heal themselves are unlocked. If the player character dies, players will shift to controlling another clan member. If all clan members die, the lineage becomes extinct and players need to restart the game. The goal of the player is to ensure the hominid clan's survival as it slowly evolves and becomes a new species. As the clan grows, players can switch to play as other characters such as an infant, an adult, an elder, and a mother or father carrying their child. As the clan slowly expands, the player character can perform social tasks like calling members of the clan to hunt and explore together, or migrating across the map to settle down in a new home. When an ape is sleeping, players can unlock new abilities by developing the hominid's neural system, which functions as a skill tree. These skills, such as the ability to use both hands and stand upright, facilitate evolution. As hominids undergo procreation, unlocked skills are passed on to future generations. The game is 40 to 50 hours long, and it documents the clan's evolution across eight million years. Development The game was developed by Panache Digital Games, a studio opened in 2014 by game director Patrice Désilets after he left", "title": "Ancestors: The Humankind Odyssey" }, { "docid": "5821513", "text": "The Log of the Ark is a children's book written by Kenneth Walker and illustrated by Geoffrey Boumphrey. It was first published by Constable & Co., London, 1923. It was first published in the US by E.P. Dutton & Co., New York, 1926 under the title What Happened in the Ark. One of the many editions was by Puffin Books in 1963. Plot summary The book's plot describes the way in which an outcast animal, the scub, infiltrates the ark and introduces certain of the other species to the idea of eating meat. (Until this point, all the animals eat porridge with a dollop of treacle.) This sinister development is described alongside a good deal of slapstick humour. For example, the nautically naive Noah initially constructs the ark with all the large animals quartered together for social reasons, only discovering the consequences for its stability when the flood waters surround it. Like many later fictionalisations of the Noah story, from Gary Larson to Julian Barnes, it introduces mythical beasts such as the unicorn into the Ark's passenger list, a device with obvious dramatic potential: we assume that such creatures are unlikely to survive the voyage. Here, as elsewhere, the comic elements mask tragic ones to good effect. Especially memorable is the plight of the 'Seventy-sevenses', a pair of nondescript and painfully shy mammals who name themselves after the number of their cabin, and who eventually abandon the Ark on a small raft because the atmosphere on board has become too oppressive. There was also an even sadder pair of animals \"The Clidders\" who melted when it began to rain! Outwardly this is a de-theologised version of the story: God does not appear, and the purpose of the Flood is not mass drowning. Yet the way the scub creeps into the childish innocence of the Ark and subverts it still points to a narrative patterned by Christian concepts of the Fall. In the final scene, a horrified Noah – who has not yet realised quite what has happened on his ship – watches as the newly released animals chase and fly from one another, awakened to their new identities as hunters and hunted. References 1923 British novels 1923 children's books British children's novels Children's fantasy novels Children's novels about animals Children's books based on the Bible Novels about Noah's Ark Constable & Co. books", "title": "The Log of the Ark" }, { "docid": "41575984", "text": "Evolve is a first-person shooter video game developed by Turtle Rock Studios and published by 2K. Announced in January 2014, the game was released worldwide for PlayStation 4, Windows, and Xbox One in February 2015. Evolve uses an asymmetrical multiplayer structure, where five players—four playing as hunters and one as the monster—battle against each other on an industrialized alien planet called Shear. The hunters' gameplay is based on the first-person shooter design, while the monsters are controlled from a third-person perspective. The hunters' goal is to eliminate the monster, while the monster's goal is to consume wildlife and evolve to make themselves stronger before either eliminating the hunters, or successfully destroying the objective. Evolve was Turtle Rock Studios' first major project after the company split from Valve in 2010. The concept for Evolve existed prior to the development of their previous game, Left 4 Dead. Inspired by hunting games such as Cabela's Big Game Hunter and Deer Hunter, the idea is to have prey that can strike back at the hunters. The monster design was originally intended to be esoteric but was later toned down. Turtle Rock found difficulty when seeking publishers that could provide funding and marketing for the game. THQ was originally set to serve as the game's publisher, but the rights to the franchise and publishing duties were transferred to Take-Two Interactive after THQ filed for bankruptcy in late 2012. Prior to release, Evolve received a largely positive reception and won the Best of Show Awards at Electronic Entertainment Expo 2014 and Gamescom 2014. Upon release, the game received positive reviews from critics, with praise mostly directed to the game's asymmetrical structure, controls, and designs. However, it received criticism for its progression system and light narrative, gameplay, as well as a large amount of downloadable content prepared. Evolve was a commercial success, although the player base significantly dwindled shortly after release. The game had briefly transitioned to become a free-to-play title known as Evolve Stage 2 before 2K Games shut down the game's dedicated servers in September 2018. Plot The game is set in a fictional future where humans have successfully discovered ways to survive outside Earth and have begun colonizing other planets. Humans arrived at Shear, a distant planet located in the \"Far Arm\" of space, and began creating colonies and industrial factories. As the colonisation progressed, humans began to meet resistance from alien life-forms, known as Monsters, that had the ability to evolve by consuming local wildlife. As the Monsters destroyed the colonies on Shear, a former \"planet tamer\" named William Cabot was brought out of retirement to deal with the threat and to evacuate the remaining colonists from Shear. Cabot assembled a team of Hunters to eliminate the Monsters and protect their communities. Gameplay Evolve is an action video game with a focus on both co-operative, and competitive, multiplayer gameplay. The game adapts a '4v1' asymmetrical structure where four players take control of the Hunters, while the fifth player controls the Monster. The Hunters'", "title": "Evolve (video game)" }, { "docid": "57930347", "text": "PixARK is a survival video game that was released on March 27, 2018 in early access for Microsoft Windows. A spin-off of Ark: Survival Evolved, the game can be played in both single-player and multiplayer modes. Gameplay The player is on an island populated by over 100 different dinosaur species. These can be killed or tamed and ridden. In addition, the player must ensure their survival by mining resources, making objects, building structures and defending themselves against enemy animals and other players. The world is made up of individual voxels, so the player can manipulate and adapt the world by removing or adding blocks. The world has several areas such as jungle, desert and caves and is generated procedurally, so it is not prefabricated. Likewise, the quest system is procedural and always creates new challenges. In addition to the survival mode, the player can also focus on building in creative mode without being attacked and collecting resources. Development and release Snail Games announced a cooperation with Ark: Survival Evolved developer Studio Wildcard. The game was announced on January 25, 2018 with a trailer. PixARK was released in March 2018 in an early-access version for Microsoft Windows and Xbox One. The full launch version was released on May 31, 2019 for Microsoft Windows and Xbox One along with versions for PlayStation 4 and Nintendo Switch. References 2019 video games Action-adventure games Ark (series) Multiplayer and single-player video games Survival video games Windows games Nintendo Switch games PlayStation 4 games Snail Games games Video game spin-offs Video games about dinosaurs Xbox One games", "title": "PixARK" }, { "docid": "51148410", "text": "{{Infobox video game \| title = Badiya \| image = Badiya logo.png \| alt = \| caption = \| developer = Semaphore \| publisher = Semaphore \| series = \| engine = Unity \| platforms = \| released = {{Unbulleted list\|Battle Royale (iOS, Android)\|\|Desert Survival (PC, PS4, XBO)\|}} \| genre = Survival \| modes = Single-player, multiplayer \| director = \| producer = \| designer = \| programmer = \| artist = \| writer = \| composer = \| arcade system = }}Badiya () is an upcoming open world survival video game title developed by Saudi developer Semaphore. The title refers to two different games with the same settings and content. The first game, entitled Badiya: Desert Survival, is a single-player sandbox survival RPG planned to be released for PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and Microsoft Windows. An Early Access beta was launched via Steam on 11 November 2016. The second game, entitled Badiya: Battle Royale, is a multiplayer free-to-play battle royale online game that has launched for iOS and Android devices in May 2020. Summary The events of the game lie in the Arabian Desert in the 1920s, where the life is harsh, and players must explore and find the necessary supplies for survival. Although the desert is very vast, the players have the opportunity to discover the sites, villages, camps, ancient ruins, and are forced to deal with wildlife and residents of the area. Development Badiya: Desert Survival, simply known as Badiya at the time, was originally announced by Semaphore in April 2016. In an interview with Kill Screen, Semaphore's director of development Ahmad Jadallah hoped Semaphore's project would help clarify how the Arab world is represented in video games (as certain game titles by Western developers used stereotype and poorly researched interpretations), and explain the history of modern Saudi Arabia's unification, although the game will focus on an individual's survival in the desert amid the violence during that time period following instability after the end of the Great War. Using the game's infinite procedural generation, individual players may have unique gameplay experiences. Gameplay for Badiya was revealed during E3 2016. The game was originally announced for PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and Microsoft Windows, and that an Early Access beta would be available via Steam later that year. Despite still being in Early Access, Badiya was retronymed with the subtitle Desert Survival when Semaphore announced Badiya: Battle Royale in April 2019. Although it shares much of the same settings and content, Battle Royale is a separate build from Desert Survival that focuses on free-for-all online battle royale gameplay. Battle Royale officially launched for iOS and Android devices worldwide on 19 May 2020, with plans to release the game on PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and Microsoft Windows in the future. Badiya: Desert Survival is made with the Unity engine, whilst Badiya: Battle Royale is based on Unreal Engine 4. See also Unearthed: Trail of Ibn Battuta – a 2013 game by the same company. References External links Desert Survival on", "title": "Badiya" }, { "docid": "5681365", "text": "Strawdog Studios Ltd. is a video game developer based in Derby, United Kingdom. The studio was established in 2003 and develops games and applications for mobile phone, iOS, Android, PC, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, Wii, PlayStation Portable, and Nintendo DS. History In 2007, Strawdog Studios released their first original title Geon: Emotions on Xbox Live Arcade (XBLA). This initial version of the game focused on multiplayer competition with each player's capabilities based around an 'emotions' theme. It featured single player or split-screen two-player modes as well as 2-4 multiplayer online modes over Xbox Live. In September 2008, the studio released a new 'definitive' version of Geon for PS3 with Wii and PC versions to follow in 2009. The updated version features many improvements over the original, with stronger single player modes, tighter gameplay rules, and a much simpler fusion of the emotions and powerballs theme. In March 2009, the company announced that it would be expanding into iPhone/iPod Touch development. In April 2009, the company released their first iPhone/iPod Touch game Turbo Duck. The studio's first self-published original title Space Ark, was released on 16 June 2010 on Xbox Live Arcade. More recently the studio has developed the official Peppa Pig and Fireman Sam iOS apps. All of which have received positive reviews and reached the #1 top-grossing app slot at some point since their release. The studio continues to focus on games and applications with universal appeal and family values. Games References External links Company website MobyGames entry Video game companies of the United Kingdom Video game development companies Video game companies established in 2003", "title": "Strawdog Studios" }, { "docid": "59342247", "text": "Atlas is a survival MMO video game developed by Grapeshot Games and published by Snail Games USA for Microsoft Windows and Xbox One, available in early access. Set in a pirate world, the players need to satisfy needs and fight against enemies while hunting for treasures and exploring. Gameplay In Atlas, people can create their own pirates, with adjustable settings such as skin color. Before entering, the game gives a choice between a PvE or PvP server, whereas PvP allows the other players to attack at any time. Similar to Ark: Survival Evolved, it is a survival game where the goal is to live as long as possible. The survival gameplay, in part, requires the player to manage four \"vitamin\" levels. Vitamin levels decrease over time. Levels increase when the character eats foods with various nutritional contents: meat, vegetables, fruit and fish. Vitamin levels have minimum and maximum limits; levels outside of limits apply status effects like blurry screen or decreasing health bar to the player. Other character states have to be managed, like hydration/water needs; neglect of which may result in dehydration. In order to build something, enough resources must be gathered by cutting trees and smashing rocks, which uses up some health. Building a ship is possible by constructing its parts, and filling its reserves with food and weapons. They can be navigated while travelling between the lands. The islands contain a world full of creatures, some being predators (bear, lion, tiger), giving the resources after the defeat. However, everyone has an ability to tame some animals, which involves trapping them and feeding to win their trust. Atlas encourages the players to connect in groups named companies. In any server, a land has to be claimed in order to use it as a base, either as a battle challenge or stolen from an offline user. Designed to be around 1,200 times larger than in Ark, the game world is able to handle 40,000 players at once. The map is separated into a grid, where each segment can contain either land or ocean, and hold only a fixed amount of pirates. Development The game was initially announced at The Game Awards 2018. The surprise reveal was done to give the players a complete attention to Atlas, rather than spreading it throughout the year. That also forced the launch to happen without running an actual open beta test. The game is developed by Grapeshot Games, a spin-off team of Studio Wildcard, led by Jeremy Stieglitz and Jesse Rapczak. At the end of January 2019, Atlass servers went offline with a rollback, in order to investigate the issue of a certain number of cheaters using forbidden creations and exploits. In a statement, Grapeshot Games revealed that the spawns were made possible, because of a compromised Steam account belonging to one of the game's administrators. The hacker used that to log into the server and change the settings. Three days later, several players misused a technical fault and kept adding animals with", "title": "Atlas (video game)" }, { "docid": "21996185", "text": "Halo Wars is a real-time strategy (RTS) video game developed by Ensemble Studios and published by Microsoft Game Studios for the Xbox 360 video game console. It was released in Australia on February 26, 2009; in Europe on February 27; and in North America on March 3. The game is set in the science fiction universe of the Halo series in the year 2531, 21 years before the events of Halo: Combat Evolved. The player leads human soldiers aboard the warship Spirit of Fire in an effort to stop an ancient fleet of ships from falling into the hands of the genocidal alien Covenant. Halo Wars was unveiled at the X06 Xbox show in 2006. Ensemble designed the game specifically for the Xbox 360 controller, in an attempt to circumvent issues present in previous console RTS titles. Ensemble was closed by Microsoft before the game's release, but soon after Robot Entertainment was founded by many of Ensemble's former employees; this new company continued to support Halo Wars with updates and downloadable content. Halo Wars received generally positive reviews. Reviewers lauded the game's pre-rendered cinematics, attention to detail in replicating the Halo universe, and intuitive control scheme. Complaints against the game included the lack of an option to play as the Covenant faction in campaign mode as well as the lack of strategic options during play. Critics from GameSpot and USA Today wrote that experienced RTS players would find the strategic elements of the title shallow. The game sold one million units worldwide through March 2009, making it the best-selling console real-time strategy game to date. An enhanced version of the game—Halo Wars: Definitive Edition—was released for Windows and Xbox One in December 2016. Halo Wars 2, a sequel developed by 343 Industries and Creative Assembly was released in February 2017. Gameplay Halo Wars is a real-time strategy (RTS) video game developed exclusively for the Xbox 360 console, in which players command armies from a bird's-eye view of the battlefield. The game focuses on military combat, but contains streamlined resource management and base construction elements. It was designed with the Xbox 360 controller in mind; for example, the A button is used for selecting units. A single tap of the button selects one unit, while a double tap selects all units of the same type. The d-pad navigates to current battles and cycles through bases, while the right analog stick adjusts the camera angle. A radial menu is used for base construction. Halo Wars features a story-based, military campaign game mode that can be played alone or cooperatively over the Xbox Live service. A plotless multiplayer option, called \"skirmish mode\", lets players compete against human or computer-controlled opponents. The game features two factions the players can control: the human United Nations Space Command (UNSC) as Captain Cutter, Sergeant Forge, or Professor Anders, and the alien Covenant as the Prophet Of Regret, the Arbiter, or Brute Chieftain. Each faction has different units, strengths, and special abilities. There are three selectable \"Leaders\" for", "title": "Halo Wars" }, { "docid": "5553642", "text": "System Link is a form of offline multiplayer gaming on the Xbox and Xbox 360 gaming console over a LAN (local area network). A network switch and standard straight-through Ethernet cables may be used to link multiple consoles together, or two consoles can be connected directly. Connecting two Xbox consoles to each other without a switch requires a crossover cable, while Xbox 360 consoles can use standard cables. On the Xbox One, if one's console will not connect to their home Wi-Fi system, the best thing they can do is to factory reset the console and change their DNS resolver when the console is restarted and refreshed. One copy of each game for each Xbox console is required to use System Link. Each game must be an identical release, with or without identical bonus and/or downloadable content. Some Platinum Hits discs will not link with non-Platinum Hits discs. The purpose of this is to have multiplayer gameplay on multiple consoles, which allows for a non-split screen multiplayer gaming experience and far more players in one game than a single console can support. Halo: Combat Evolved allows up to 16 players on split screens on four consoles to partake in a simultaneous 16-player game. Later, post-Xbox Live games such as Halo 2 and Unreal Championship supported more consoles per game than the maximum of four supported by Halo. While \"system link\" was popularized by the pre-Xbox Live era Xbox games, the capability has been used for years in computer gaming. The primary advantage of system link is to allow users to host their own games and control the settings. System link can be visualized as an Xbox being used as a small server and \"hosting\" other Xboxes. System Link also allows for Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) to take place, which allows LAN to take place over the internet. The Xbox 360 can not only use wired Ethernet to connect to a LAN, but also use a wireless adapter (such as the Xbox 360 Wireless Network Adapter in an access point-based or mesh network). Additionally, some Xbox Live titles like Halo 3 can play a match with players connected over Xbox Live and on the same LAN. See also List of Xbox 360 System Link games List of Xbox System Link games Xbox Xbox 360", "title": "System Link" }, { "docid": "3152873", "text": "Geometry Wars is a 2003 video game by Bizarre Creations. Initially a minigame in Project Gotham Racing 2, an updated version, titled Retro Evolved, was eventually released for the Xbox 360. That version, at one point, held the record for the most downloaded Xbox Live Arcade Game. Retro Evolved was later included in the 2007 game Geometry Wars: Galaxies, the first game in the series to be released for non-Microsoft platforms. Gameplay The object of Geometry Wars is to survive as long as possible and score as many points as possible by destroying an ever-increasing swarm of enemies. The game takes place on a rectangular playfield and the player controls a claw-shaped \"ship\" that can move in any direction using the left thumbstick, and can fire in any direction independently using the right thumbstick. The player also has a limited number of bombs that can be detonated and destroy all enemies on the playfield. As the game progresses, the player can earn extra lives and additional bombs at set score increments, and the primary weapon changes at regular intervals (10,000 points). Also, enemies spawn in progressively larger quantities and at greater frequency as the game progresses. If an enemy touches the player's ship, the ship explodes and a life is lost, plus the multiplier worked up by how many enemies are killed in one life is also lost. The game is over when the player runs out of lives. The Evolved version of the game takes place on a playfield that is slightly larger than the display area of the TV screen, and the camera follows the player's movements. A background grid pattern adds to the graphical effects by warping in reaction to player shots and the behavior of certain enemies. This version introduces new enemies and a score multiplier that increases as the player destroys enemies without losing a life. Development The game initially started out as a way for the team at Bizarre Creations to test out the Xbox controller while making Project Gotham Racing. The team included the game as an extra in the sequel not expecting very much. When the creators realized how popular the game was they decided to work on a stand-alone game for the 360's Live Arcade. For the standalone version, which eventually grew to become Retro Evolved, creator Stephen Cakebread initially wanted to make the game have a more linear structure where the players would progress through levels. However, Cakebread soon became aware of the game Mutant Storm and realized that a level-based structure would make Retro Evolved almost identical and thus decided to drop it. The soundtrack was composed by Chris Chudley from Audioantics who created the music for all of the series up until Dimensions. Reception Geometry Wars: Retro Evolved received \"generally favorable reviews\" on both platforms according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. GameSpots Carrie Gouskos praised the Xbox 360 version's gameplay, graphics, controls, sound effects, and its low launch price (400 Microsoft Points or $5 USD). Jeff Gerstmann", "title": "Geometry Wars: Retro Evolved" }, { "docid": "66086932", "text": "The Callisto Protocol is a 2022 survival horror game developed by Striking Distance Studios and published by Krafton. It was released for PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Windows, Xbox One, and Xbox Series X/S on December 2, 2022. The game was directed by Dead Space series creator Glen Schofield and is considered a spiritual successor to the series. The story follows Jacob Lee (Josh Duhamel), a starship captain who survives a crash landing on the Jovian moon Callisto, only to be captured and incarcerated against his will in a high-security prison. He is subsequently forced to fight for survival when a mysterious illness sweeps the prison, and gradually learns the dark secrets of his captors. Gameplay has players exploring a series of levels, gathering resources and collecting data logs while fighting off infected prisoners. Development of the game began with the formation of Striking Distance Studios in June 2019. Originally developed as a game set in the PUBG: Battlegrounds universe, it later evolved into an original intellectual property. The Callisto Protocol received mixed reviews from critics and failed to meet the sales expectations of Krafton. Gameplay In The Callisto Protocol, players assume the role of Jacob Lee from a third-person perspective. Jacob's health is indicated by an implant on the back of his neck called a \"C.O.R.E. Device\". Health can be replenished with injectable packs found throughout levels. Jacob can use weapons to combat enemies, as well as a melee system to dodge enemy attacks while looking for openings to strike and kill them. Both combat styles can be mixed up, providing greater variety when facing enemy types. Jacob can collect and review audio logs during gameplay. While enemies do take great damage from headshots, they are not guaranteed to be killed by removal of their head, therefore dealing damage to both the limbs and head as well as exposing and destroying their tentacles before they mutate is mandatory to dispatching them. Plot In 2320, Jacob Lee (Josh Duhamel) and Max Barrow (Jeff Schine) are contract freight transporters working for the United Jupiter Company (UJC). The two decide to retire after ferrying one last shipment between Europa and the UJC-operated Black Iron Prison on Callisto. Shortly after leaving Black Iron in their ship, the Charon, they are boarded by the Outer Way, a terrorist group purportedly responsible for a massive biological attack on Europa, and the ship crash-lands back on Callisto. Max is killed, leaving Jacob and Outer Way leader Dani Nakamura (Karen Fukuhara) as the only survivors. They are recovered by Black Iron Prison security head Captain Leon Ferris (Sam Witwer) and incarcerated on the orders of Warden Duncan Cole (James C. Mathis III). After an intake process, Jacob awakens to find the prison overrun by hostile \"biophages\", inmates afflicted with an unknown disease. He encounters Elias Porter (Zeke Alton), a prisoner who claims to have an escape plan. After freeing Elias, Jacob fights and leaves Ferris to die at the hands of biophages. Elias convinces Jacob to locate a", "title": "The Callisto Protocol" }, { "docid": "71221463", "text": "The Persistence is a survival horror video game developed and published by Firesprite. Originally released for the virtual reality headset PlayStation VR in July 2018, the game was released for PC, Nintendo Switch, Xbox One in May 2020. An Enhanced version of the game was released for PC, PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series X and Series S in June 2021. Gameplay The Persistence is a first-person survival horror game. The game is set onboard The Persistence, a stranded spaceship in the year 2057. The player assumes control of a clone of security officer Zimri Eder. He is tasked to reactivate the ship's stardrive in order to escape while fighting mutated clones which have occupied the ship. Stealth is encouraged, though the player also has access to several weapons, including a taser gun named the Harvester, a gravity gun named the Gravometric Hook, as well as items such as Ivy Serum which temporarily turns an enemy into an ally. The game also features elements commonly found in roguelike games. The player needs to complete tasks on each of the four ship decks, though the ship layout, which is procedurally generated, changes whenever the player uses a teleporter. As the player explores the ship, they will find FAB chips, which can be used to unlock weapon upgrades, and stem cells, which can grant the player passive perks such as increased health or enhanced strength. Whenever the player dies, they will respawn as another clone of Zimri Eder. A companion app for iOS and Android was released alongside the game, which allows up to four players to influence how a game play out by either helping or hindering a player's progress. Development The game was developed by UK-based developer Firesprite. The studio was inspired by sci-fi classics including Alien, as well as games such as Dead Space and System Shock. Stories of Your Life and Others, a collection of short stories by American writer Ted Chiang, was also a major source of inspiration. Development of the game first started in early 2015. The studio used their experience developing The Playroom and The Playroom VR to understand how social play and interaction worked when they were developing the companion app. Firesprite chose Unreal Engine 4 as the game's engine because it allowed the team to prototype and experiment with different gameplay mechanics quickly. Firesprite officially announced the game in March 2017. It was initially released for virtual reality headset PlayStation VR exclusively on July 24, 2018. A modified version of the game, which allows players to play the game without using any VR headset, was released on May 21, 2020 for PC, PS4, Xbox One and Nintendo Switch. The Persistence Enhanced was released for PC, PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series X and Series S on June 4, 2021. Players who owned the game on PS4, Xbox One or PC will be able to upgrade their game at no additional cost. Reception According to review aggregator Metacritic, the PC version of the game received generally", "title": "The Persistence" }, { "docid": "68193495", "text": "Tribes of Midgard is an action role-playing survival video game developed by Norsfell Games and published by Gearbox Publishing. The game was released for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4 and PlayStation 5 on July 27, 2021, and was released for Nintendo Switch, Xbox One and Xbox Series X/S on August 16, 2022. Gameplay Tribes of Midgard is an action role-playing survival game played from a top-down view. In addition to solo play, players can also form a tribe of 10 players and play cooperatively. In the game, the player assumes control of an Einherjar, a Viking hero who must protect the seed of Yggdrasil from enemies such as Helthings, dark elves, trolls and giants. During day time, the player explores a procedurally generated world, collecting resources used for crafting new weapons, armor, and village defenses. At night time, the enemies will attack the player's settlement in an attempt to destroy the seed of Yggdrasil, and players need to collect the souls of the enemies in order to sustain the seed's life. With each day survived, the enemies in the game will become stronger and more difficult to defeat. The game features eight different gameplay classes, and each class has their own unique combat abilities. The player may also collect runes, which further modify their stats and attributes. The game features two main modes: the story-driven Saga mode, and the more open-ended survival mode. Development Development of the game started in 2018 by Norsfell Games. CEO of Norsfell, Julian Maroda, described the game as one that is set in a new genre. The team took inspirations from survival games like Don't Starve Together and action role-playing games like Diablo. Unlike other survival games, Tribes of Midgard does not feature permadeath in order to make the experience more accessible for new players. Players only have one goal in the game: protect the seed of Yggdrasil and supply it with souls. When the seed is destroyed, Ragnarök arrives and the play session will end. The decision to remove common elements of survival games such as thirst and hunger was to further streamline the experience for new players. Tribes of Midgard was initially set to be released in 2020, though it was delayed by publisher Gearbox Publishing to early 2021. The game was eventually released for Windows, PlayStation 4 and PlayStation 5 on July 27, 2021, and was released for Nintendo Switch, Xbox One, and Xbox Series X/S. Reception Tribes of Midgard received \"mixed or average\" reviews for Microsoft Windows and PlayStation 5, according to review aggregator Metacritic. IGN liked the world and the combat, but criticized the time limit the day system imposed, writing \"given how diverse, detailed, and intriguing the world can be... this hindered my ability to really explore and enjoy it\". Three individuals, Richard Alpert, Kudzu Ninja, and John Locke are known to be the record holders for the longest played game of survival on console version in 2023. References \"A blend of action, survival and roguelite\": Julian Maroda, CEO of", "title": "Tribes of Midgard" }, { "docid": "59275594", "text": "Mutant Year Zero: Road to Eden is a turn-based tactical role-playing video game developed by Swedish studio The Bearded Ladies and published by Funcom. Based on the tabletop role-playing game Mutant Year Zero, the game was released for Windows, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One in December 2018. A Nintendo Switch version of the game was released on July 30, 2019. Gameplay The game was described by publisher Funcom as a \"tactical adventure\" game, played from an isometric perspective. There are three difficulty levels for players to choose from. Players control a party of three characters as they navigate the game's world. Different characters have different abilities and skills. Selma, a mutated human character, is an expert in explosives; Dux, a duck hybrid, is equipped with a long-range crossbow; Bormin uses shotguns as one of its weapons. Each character also has their own passive, minor and major mutation attacks that can be activated and customized. The team as a whole levels up as the game progresses, and new weapons and gears could be unlocked. The game also features a skill tree, and a branching story. There are five characters for players to choose from, including three default characters and two recruitable ones. Gameplay alternates between turn-based tactics combat and real-time exploration. The Zone is a series of interconnected maps that players can freely explore. In the Zone, players could collect different artifacts, scraps and weapon parts which can be used to purchase new gears and tools in the Ark, the game's hub world. To explore the world, flashlights can be used to spot different objects, though this draws unwanted enemy attention. In real-time, players can split up the party and guide them in different tactical positions to stage an ambush. Once players enter combat, the game shifts to a turn-based mode, similar to Firaxis' X-COM reboot series. After players finish a turn, enemies controlled by artificial intelligence (AI) would move and respond. Players can also kill an enemy stealthily. If other enemies are not alerted to the player's presence, players can continue exploring in real-time. The Seed of Evil expansion available as downloadable content for separate purchase extends the story and play area, but does not modify the gameplay significantly. It includes upgrades to existing skills, some advanced equipment, and a new character. Plot After the outbreak of the deadly Red Plague and global nuclear war, humans have largely become extinct, with the few surviving ones becoming mutants, having been affected by radiation. The Elder (voiced by Gergo Danka), the only person with the knowledge of the past, resides in the Ark, a fortified settlement that serves as the last bastion of civilization. With severe resource shortages, the base sends out special mutants called Stalkers who scavenge resources in the surrounding wasteland known as the Zone. However, the Zone is also populated by Ghouls, human survivors driven violent and insane from the aftermath of the bombings who worship the old world civilization as the Ancients. Two Stalkers, Bormin (a humanoid boar", "title": "Mutant Year Zero: Road to Eden" }, { "docid": "75835225", "text": "A one-third scale replica of a Babylonian \"ark\" was constructed in 2014 based on recently discovered tablets from the Epic of Gilgamesh. Gilgamesh tablets In 2009 the Deputy Keeper of Middle East at the British Museum, Irving Finkel, made a study of a cuneiform tablet from 1750 BCE that contained a flood narrative similar to that of the story of Noah's Ark. The fact that these versions of the Flood Story precede the Biblical version with the one God and Noah by a thousand years caused a sensation in 1872 when British Museum Assyriologist, George Smith, announced he had found the first cuneiform account of the Great Flood. Dr. Finkel first encountered a recently discovered small cuneiform tablet in 1985, which was one of several pieces brought to the British Museum for expert assessment. Several versions of the Epic of Gilgamesh were already known. The earliest surviving tablets date to the 18th century BCE and are named after its hero, Atra-Hasis. Finkel was able to read the clean first verses of the tablet famous among Assyriologists as the opening lines of the Atra-Hasis Flood Story. He was unable to gain access to translated the whole tablet until 2009. Sixty lines of the Ark Tablet go into great detail on the design of the boat and the materials, including sufficient details of its dimensions and construction to enable a copy to be attempted. The tablet describes essentially a very large coracle or kuphar and made of rope on a wooden frame. The design was effectively very large scale version of coracles used until the mid-twentieth century in Iraq. However, the quantities specified were enormous. The tablet described enough palm-fibre rope, wooden ribs and stanchions to build a coracle 3,600 square meters in area, almost two-thirds the size of a soccer field, with walls six metres high. If the amount of rope described were laid out in a single line, it would be 500 km long. Because the hull was to be made of fibrous rope, bitumen was specified in the tablet to waterproof the boat. Construction Because of the large scale of the tablet's specification, it was only feasible to build at about one third scale at a site in Alleppey Kerala, India over a period of four months. The team used the original specification and materials (wood, bamboo, palms and reed to secure the joints) without modern power tools, nails or glue. The completed ark weighed around 35 tonnes. The Iraqi government prevented the export of local bitumen, which meant that inferior bitumen had to be used instead. As a result, the reconstructed ark was only a partial success because of the lower quality bitumen and the boat immediately succumbed to leaks. A gasoline powered pump had to continuously be used to pump out water. Finkel said the scaled-down version of the ark is just large enough to accommodate a few pairs of ‘well behaved animals’. However, Dr Finkel did not think that the full-sized vessel would have been possible,", "title": "Finkel's replica of Babylonian ark" }, { "docid": "57826", "text": "Stephen Baxter (born 13 November 1957) is an English hard science fiction author. He has degrees in mathematics and engineering. Writing style Strongly influenced by science fiction pioneer H. G. Wells, Baxter has been vice-president of the international H. G. Wells Society since 2006. His fiction falls into three main categories of original work plus a fourth category, extending other authors' writing; each has a different basis, style, and tone. Baxter's \"Future History\" mode is based on research into hard science. It encompasses the Xeelee Sequence, which consists of nine novels (including the Destiny's Children trilogy and Vengeance/Redemption duology that is set in alternate timeline), plus three volumes collecting the 52 short pieces (short stories and novellas) in the series, all of which fit into a single timeline stretching from the Big Bang singularity of the past to his Timelike Infinity (1993) singularity of the future. These stories begin in the present day and end when the Milky Way galaxy collides with Andromeda five billion years in the future. The central narrative is that of humanity rising and evolving to become the second most powerful race in the universe, next to the god-like Xeelee. Character development tends to be secondary to the depiction of advanced theories and ideas, such as the true nature of the Great Attractor, naked singularities and the great battle between baryonic and dark matter lifeforms. The Manifold Trilogy is another example of Baxter's future history mode, even more conceptual than the Xeelee sequence. Each novel is focused on a potential explanation of the Fermi paradox. The two-part disaster series Flood and Ark (followed by three additional stories, \"Earth III,\" \"Earth II,\" and \"Earth I\") which also fits into this category, where catastrophic events unfold in the near future and humanity must adapt to survive in three radically different planetary environments. In 2013, Baxter released his short story collection Universes which featured stories set in Flood/Ark, Jones & Bennet and Anti-Ice universes. Baxter signed a contract for two new books, Proxima and Ultima, both of which are names of planets, and they were released in 2013 and 2014, respectively. A second category in Baxter's work is based on readings in evolutionary biology and human/animal behaviour. Elements of this appear in his future histories (especially later works like the Destiny's Children series and Flood/Ark), but here it is the focus. The major work in this category is Evolution, which imagines the evolution of humanity in the Earth's past and future. The Mammoth Trilogy, written for young adults, shares similar themes and concerns as it explores the present, past, and future of a small herd of mammoths found surviving on an island in the Arctic Ocean. A third category of Baxter's fiction is alternate history, based on research into history. These stories are more human, with characters portrayed with greater depth and care. This includes his NASA Trilogy, which incorporates research into NASA and its history; and the Time's Tapestry series, which features science-fictional interventions into our past from", "title": "Stephen Baxter (author)" }, { "docid": "12044251", "text": "Murakumo: Renegade Mech Pursuit is a third-person shooter developed by FromSoftware and published by Ubi Soft. It is FromSoftware's first game for the Xbox. Story In the year 2090, a new energy source is invented and a city is constructed to focus on the further development of this energy called Oliver Port. In response, a company called LugnalCorp utilizes this energy source for the development of conscious mecha known as ARKS (Artificial Reflexive Keneticoid). Due to the high industrial demand for the ARKs, LugnalCorp rushes the ARKs into production; after a while of operation, the ARKs rebel against their human operators and start their rebellion over Oliver Port. A team of fighter pilots is assembled to combat the renegade ARKs under the name of Murakumo. Reception The game received \"generally unfavorable reviews\" according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. GameSpot's Giancarlo Varanini described it as \"one of the worst games to come out for the Xbox this year\". In Japan, Famitsu gave it a score of 29 out of 40. References External links 2002 video games FromSoftware games Video games about mecha Ubisoft games Video games developed in Japan Video games scored by Keiichiro Segawa Xbox games Xbox-only games Single-player video games", "title": "Murakumo: Renegade Mech Pursuit" }, { "docid": "67003742", "text": "Qila-e-Ark is a 17th-century palace/citadel complex in Aurangabad, Maharashtra. Built by Mughal emperor Aurangzeb when he was a prince, it served as his royal residence during his subsequent reign as emperor. The site is currently ruined, and has no legal protected status; several modern-day buildings also encroach the complex. Notable surviving structures include a royal mosque (today known as the Shahi mosque), and a palatial building. History The Qila-e-Ark was constructed by Aurangzeb around 1656, during his second princely stint as governor of the Deccan (1653-1658). The palace was constructed on the northern edge of Aurangabad, Mughal capital of the Deccan, past an older palace complex called Qila Naukhanda (built by Malik Ambar of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate). In 1683, Aurangzeb (now emperor) permanently shifted to the Deccan to oversee campaigns in the region. The Qila-e-Ark served as the imperial residence when Aurangzeb was in Aurangabad, which acted as the de-facto capital of the empire during this period. The palace is an example of Aurangzeb's preference to build new palaces in the Deccan, rather than occupy pre-existing ones of the conquered Deccan Sultans. Scholar Pushkar Sohoni has used the palace to argue that Aurangzeb's patronage of architecture diminished with his age; Sohoni notes that the Qila-e-Ark dates to his time as a prince, but there is no comparable imperial residence dating to his actual reign as emperor. The palace was used as a government college during the Nizam period; later the college was shifted. It was a notified monument of the state archaeology department, but was denotified in 1971. Local organisations and experts have suggested that the palace be restored and be opened to the public, in order to revive the site as a tourist hub. Some organisations in Aurangabad conduct heritage walks in the Qila-e-Ark to spread awareness about the monument. Architecture The fragmentary nature of the citadel complex has made its original structure and layout difficult to identify. Some gates associated with the palace site include Aurangabad's Naubat Darwaza, Makkai Darwaza, and the Dilli Darwaza. Michell & Zebrowsi consider the Naubat Darwaza to be the southern entrance portal. Sohoni theorises that the maximum extent of the palace complex may be marked by the Makkai Darwaza. Very few of the palace-fort's original structures survive, as many have fallen into ruin or have been converted for use by modern institutions. One surviving monument is today known as the Shahi mosque, built by Aurangzeb in 1693 for his private use; this is situated in the eastern flank of the complex. The site also contains remnants of a terraced palace building, which Michell and Zebrowski describe as Aurangzeb's private pavilion. Its extant central chamber features a bangla-vaulted roof. The structure has been converted for use by Milind Arts College. Another structure of note is the remnants of a water channel and chadar (water ramp), found around the center of the terraces. The Qila-e-Ark once contained a Subahdari, a mansion used for hosting suboordinate officials. Gallery References Palaces in Maharashtra Buildings and structures in", "title": "Qila-e-Ark" }, { "docid": "42160312", "text": "Earthlock (formerly titled Earthlock: Festival of Magic) is a role-playing video game developed and published by the Norwegian company Snowcastle Games for Xbox One, Microsoft Windows, OS X, Linux, PlayStation 4, and Wii U. The Xbox One version was launched on September 1, 2016 worldwide. The Windows, OS X, and Linux versions, initially planned for release at the same time as the Xbox One release, were postponed to September 27, 2016. The game is planned to be the first volume of an Earthlock trilogy. The Wii U version was released on September 7, 2017 in Europe, and on September 14, 2017 in North America. A version for the Nintendo Switch was released on March 8, 2018. The game received mixed reviews from critics, who were heavily divided. Some called it a nostalgic throwback with memorable characters, while others panned its design as dated, and its art style, gameplay and/or story as bland or unoriginal. A sequel, titled Earthlock 2, was announced in July 2020. Gameplay The game plays as a non-linear role-playing video game with turn based battles. In combat, characters fight in pairs - a \"warrior\" and a \"protector\". The warrior uses consumable items such as ammunition, while the protector can perform spells like healing and shields. When the characters are damaged by enemies, they accumulate support points, which can be used to activate other moves. Pairing different combinations of characters unlocks different moves and tactics, greatly affecting the flow of battle. Plot The game's story takes place in the world of Umbra, where a cataclysmic event occurs that stops the planet from spinning. This leaves part of the world scorched by constant sunlight, part of it perpetually cold due to lack of sunlight, and a patch of livable land in between. The incident ends up burying much of the past advanced civilization, but humanity survives and society begins anew in the habitable part of the planet. The story follows the adventurer Amon, who, among his usual activities of scavenging ruins, gets entangled in a much larger conflict with the ruling Suvian Empire. Development The game is inspired by early Square Japanese role-playing games, though Snowcastle wanted to subvert common genre character stereotypes. Development for the game started as early as 2011, with a pre-alpha build trailer being released in May 2013. The game was originally just known by its subtitle, Festival of Magic. In November 2013, the game was placed on crowdfunding platform Kickstarter with the aim of securing $250,000 in funding. However, Snowcastle later pulled from the platform, due to it getting lost in the crowd during the holiday season. A fresh Kickstarter campaign was launched in March 2014 with a lowered goal of $150,000. This second campaign was successful, raising $178,000 in April 2014. The game's plot was written by comic book writer Magnus Aspli. An early concept demo was released in March 2014 for the Windows, OS X and Linux platforms. Snowcastle Games partnered with Cross Function to release the game in Japan. Despite waning", "title": "Earthlock" }, { "docid": "61086746", "text": "Ark Park is a virtual reality spin-off game of Ark: Survival Evolved. Gameplay Ark Park features over a hundred species of dinosaurs. The game features different areas with unique scenery to explore. The player can gather and craft things. Eggs can be found in the park which players can use to raise their own dinosaurs. The game also features a story mode where the player must defend a base against dinosaurs using a variety of weapons. Reception Shacknews compared Ark Park to the Jurassic Park franchise. References External links 2018 video games Ark (series) PlayStation 4 games Survival video games Video games about dinosaurs Video games developed in the United States Virtual reality games Windows games", "title": "Ark Park" }, { "docid": "52132499", "text": "Wasteland 3 is a role-playing video game developed by inXile Entertainment and published by Deep Silver. It is a sequel to Wasteland 2 (2014) and was released for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One on August 28, 2020. A Linux and macOS port was released on December 17, 2020. Gameplay Wasteland 3 is a squad-based role-playing video game featuring turn-based combat. Played from an isometric perspective, the game features synchronous and asynchronous multiplayer. In the game, players need to make various choices, which have different impacts on the game's world and the story. The game introduces a vehicle that the players can use to traverse the world. The main campaign can be played cooperatively with another player. Plot Wasteland 3 is set in the frozen wastelands of a post-apocalyptic Colorado. The player takes control of two members from Arizona Ranger Team November, who survived after their unit was ambushed while on a mission in Colorado. The two survivors are subsequently forced to work with the local ruler, known as the \"Patriarch\", in order to earn his support for the Arizona Rangers - after the last game, and the choice between Highpool and Ag Center, the Rangers are struggling to keep order in the face of increasingly severe shortages of food and water. Once arrived and settled, the rangers are informed by the Patriarch that they are to hunt down and rein in his three heirs, who have gone wild and begun fighting each other to succeed him, as well as fight to preserve his rule over the many settlements and scattered populations that make up Colorado. However, as the story unfolds, the rangers discover the extent of the Patriarch's brutality, and are contacted by Angela Deth (a returning NPC from previous Wasteland games) who asks for their help in sparking a rebellion against the Patriarch. Player must then decide whether to uphold the original bargain or work to free Colorado and potentially endanger the future of Arizona. Development Wasteland 3 was announced by inXile Entertainment in September 2016. Wasteland 3 was developed using the Unity game engine. The development team is composed of people who worked on Torment: Tides of Numenera (2017). As with Wasteland 2, inXile chose to crowdfund the development of the game. Unlike their previous Kickstarter projects, inXile chose to use equity crowdfunding service Fig. The crowdfunding campaign launched in October 2016, and concluded a month later with over $3 million raised. The game was scheduled to launch on Linux, PlayStation 4, Windows and Xbox One in Q4 2019. After Xbox Game Studios acquired the company, inXile hired more staff for the game's development and delayed its release date to early 2020. The game's budget was three times more than Wasteland 2. The additional budget was mostly spent on implementing conversational scenes and hiring voice actors. It was delayed again due to inXile's remote working conditions from the COVID-19 pandemic, while the Mac and Linux versions were postponed to an undisclosed date due to developer's \"decision", "title": "Wasteland 3" }, { "docid": "40076704", "text": "Stranded is a 2013 science fiction-horror film directed and co-written by Roger Christian and Christian Piers Betley (writer/producer) starring Christian Slater, Brendan Fehr, Amy Matysio, and Michael Therriault. Astronauts who are stranded on a lunar mining base attempt to survive an attack by shapeshifting alien life forms. Filming was at the Canada Saskatchewan Production Studios by Regina, Saskatchewan based Minds Eye Entertainment. The film was one of the last financed by the province's cancelled film employment tax credit and was produced entirely in Saskatchewan. Plot Four isolated astronauts in the lunar mining base Ark suffer a meteor storm. While inspecting the damage caused by the meteors, astronaut Ava Cameron discovers spores contained in one of the fragments and brings them back to the base for investigation. The medical officer discovers that these spores can grow rapidly, and in the process Ava is contaminated with them. Shortly afterward, Ava shows evident signs of a rapidly progressing pregnancy and, a few hours later, she goes into labour. The life form escapes the lab, and none of the others believe Ava's stories; they instead attribute her pregnancy to a cyst. The alien stalks crew member Johns, eventually taking his shape and killing him. Using notes posthumously left by Johns, Ava and Col. Brauchman attempt to kill the alien before it can kill them. It is discovered that the Johns alien and Ava can sense and locate each other. The Johns alien sabotages the air system, attempting to collapse the air system to kill off the remaining three humans. While attempting to fix the air system, Dr. Krauss is killed when the Johns alien opens an airlock on him. Using Johns's notes that the alien may be easier to kill while human, Ava and Brauchman decide to prep the escape pod and leave the Johns alien to die of the rising carbon monoxide. As the carbon monoxide levels get to 80%, the Johns alien develops growths that enable it to survive. Ava and Brauchman prepare to abandon the base in an escape pod, but it is hijacked by the Johns alien. Brauchman sends a message to Earth from the rescue ship, warning them to kill whatever they discover in the escape pod. Ava and Brauchman, having expended most of the base's remaining power to ready the escape pod, are resigned to their fates. At the moment they accept their fate, a rescue ship arrives from Earth; with their remaining oxygen running out, they choose to run to the rescue shuttle. The escape pod lands on Earth but it's revealed that the alien has already escaped and it is continuing to evolve. Cast Christian Slater as Col. Gerard Brauchman Brendan Fehr as Dr. Lance Krauss Amy Matysio as Ava Cameron Michael Therriault as Bruce Johns Release Stranded was released on 26 July 2013. It was released on home video on 27 August 2013, and made $1,733,694 on US video sales. Reception Rotten Tomatoes, a review aggregator, reports that 0% of 15 surveyed critics gave the", "title": "Stranded (2013 film)" }, { "docid": "73983732", "text": "Lunark is a 2023 platform game developed by Canari Games and published by WayForward. The game was originally released for Windows, macOS, Xbox One, Xbox Series X/S and Nintendo Switch on March 30, 2023, with ports for the PlayStation 4 and PlayStation 5 released on April 6, 2023. The game follows Leo who has unique abilities, the player attempts to uncover the origin about humanity. The game was mostly developed by the creator Johan Vinet. The Kickstarter funding for the game had raising over 81,655 Canadian dollars and the campaign ended in 2019. Gameplay Lunark is a retro-style cinematic platformer. In the game, the player plays as Leo, a young boy with unique physical characteristics who has some unique abilities including his weapon to shoot and can overcoming traps and solving puzzles. The game has 12 levels for the player to explore. Plot Centuries ago, Earth became increasingly unsustainable and the most optimistic forecasts predicted that humans could survive for another 10 years. Moon was transformed into a giant spaceship for humanity's survival by an artificial intelligence called Noah which was created by group of scientists. In order to transport millions of humans, the operation Lunark was undertaken as the last ditch effort to save humanity. Centuries later, humans are about to celebrate the 300th anniversary of their arrival on their new home planet Albaryne. Leo returned to Albaryne to talk to some guard and builders about a rumor that there hasn't been single human casualty and Gideon. He later fly to the level Hitting a Wall. He was being sent on a mission for an artifact but he realizes that someone was either framing him. As Leo uncovers new truths about why he being framed, puzzles hinder progression. Development Lunark was inspired by many video games from the 1980s and 1990s such as Prince of Persia, Flashback and Another World. Johan Vinet begin working on the game creation in 2016 when he making demakes just for fun. during his thinking about the game creation, he details his love of old platform then he thought that he could made it a real game. Vinet started his own company Canari Games and the Kickstarter campaign for the game was launched in 2019. Jordan Mechner, the creator of Prince of Persia noted that the game look like something Eric Chahi could made. Vinet originally intended to release the game on Microsoft Windows and macOS, but was able to develop for more platforms after WayForward contacted him for a publishing deal. Vinet was influenced by science fiction films, television series and books for the setting and plot of the game and drew inspiration from adventure films such as Indiana Jones and Back to the Future. The game's plot is based on the story of Noah's Ark from the Book of Genesis. Vinet was set out to create a game that inspired by Prince of Persia and Flashback, while also create some elements, innovations, updated controls and unique features. Vinet want the game to", "title": "Lunark" }, { "docid": "76344755", "text": "Your Shape: Fitness Evolved 2012 is a fitness video game developed by Ubisoft Montreal and published by Ubisoft. The game was released on November 8, 2011, in North America, November 11, 2011, in Europe, November 17, 2011, in Japan, and on December 15, 2011, in Australia for the Xbox 360. The game was released on the Xbox Live Marketplace on October 2, 2012. The game is the sequel to Your Shape: Fitness Evolved and uses the Kinect motion sensor. Gameplay The game uses \"player projection\" technology to capture the player's shape and form, dynamically incorporate them into the in-game environment, and tailor routines for the player. The game has activities, some related to skipping or running, workouts, including a few for the player's abdominal muscles, health, and glutes, and classes, which include yoga and dance courses. The game allows the player to track the calories lost while following personal goals to work for. Reception Your Shape: Fitness Evolved 2012 received \"generally favorable\" reviews according to review aggregator Metacritic. Daniele Cucchiarelli for Eurogamer.it rated the game 7/10, stating that \"if, however, you are a beginner in physical activity but already own the previous chapter, there are not enough reasons to purchase this new software, and for this reason, its rating can only be lower.\" Fran Mirabella for IGN rated the game 7.5/10, stating that \"this virtual, block-breaking environment is the kind of activity that has the most potential. The standard training is great, but it's not new and not doing much more than watching instructional videos would. The product shines most when it combines a virtual distraction with true, calorie-burning benefits.\" Jeuxvideo.com rated the game 16/20, stating that \"this new version of Your Shape: Fitness Evolved is not without its flaws, but it nevertheless constitutes for the moment what is best in terms of fitness software using Kinect. The title stands out from its competitors by offering impeccable production, perfect movement recognition, and substantial content.\" Jon Blyth for the Official Xbox Magazine (UK) rated the game 8/10, stating that \"Your Shape provides decent replacements for both of these things, with all the arbitrary but absorbing nonsense of leveling up, medals, and badges. This might be the first fitness game we'll use after reviewing it,\". In contrast, Alaina Yee for the Official Xbox Magazine (US) rated the game 7.5/10, stating that \"overall, YSFE 2012 mixes together components from EA Sports Active 2, UFC Personal Trainer, and the first Your Shape mostly well, but its polish and depth can’t hide its irksome design flaw.\" Game Rant rated the game 3.5/5 stars, stating that \"Fitness Evolved can be a great way to get moving, but only if other exercise advice is taken from somewhere else.\" Similarly, Mary Hamilton for The Guardian rated the game 4/5 stars, stating that \"if you want something simple and light that'll work around a busy schedule, it's great.\" The game featured on OutsideXbox's 'Show of the Week: Evolve and 5 Games That Don't Know What Evolution Means,' where the", "title": "Your Shape: Fitness Evolved 2012" }, { "docid": "62557013", "text": "Geometry Wars is a series of top-down multi-directional shooter video games developed by Bizarre Creations, and, later, Lucid Games. Originally published by Microsoft Games Studios, the first title was included as a minigame in Project Gotham Racing 2 for Xbox. An updated version was released in 2005 as a launch title for Xbox 360 and later ported to Microsoft Windows. Other titles in the series was launched in follow years to other platforms by Bizarre Creations and publishers Vivendi Games and Activision. The latest entry in the series, Geometry Wars 3: Dimensions, was developed by Lucid Games and launched in 2014. On October 13, 2023, Microsoft reacquired the game series as part of its acquisition of Activision Blizzard. Games Geometry Wars Geometry Wars was released in the form of an easter egg minigame in the 2003 racing game Project Gotham Racing 2 on the original Xbox. The game was accessed from within Project Gotham Racing 2 by interacting with an arcade cabinet present in the player's virtual garage. Geometry Wars: Retro Evolved Geometry Wars: Retro Evolved was developed by Bizarre Creations and released for Xbox Live Arcade on Xbox 360. At one point, it held the record for the most downloaded Xbox Live Arcade Game. Geometry Wars: Waves Geometry Wars: Waves was developed by Stephen Cakebread of Bizarre Creations, released as a bonus mini-game as part of Project Gotham Racing 4 on Xbox 360 on October 2, 2007. The game is a variant of Geometry Wars: Retro Evolved where the player is given one life to survive continual waves of orange rockets that pace back and forth across the edges of the play-field for as long as possible. Geometry Wars: Galaxies Geometry Wars: Galaxies was developed by Bizarre Creations and Kuju Entertainment, and published by Vivendi Games for the Wii and Nintendo DS in November 2007, becoming the first Geometry Wars game available on non-Microsoft platforms and the only one available on Nintendo platforms. This updated version includes a single-player campaign mode, several multiplayer modes, Geometry Wars: Retro Evolved, and support for online leaderboards. The Wii version supports widescreen and 480p progressive scan display. Geometry Wars: Retro Evolved 2 Geometry Wars: Retro Evolved 2 was developed by Bizarre Creations, and released on Xbox Live Arcade on Xbox 360 on July 30, 2008 as a sequel to Geometry Wars: Retro Evolved. Geometry Wars: Touch An iOS port of Geometry Wars: Retro Evolved 2 was released in 2010 entitled Geometry Wars: Touch. It added a seventh game mode, Titans, which had gameplay similar to Asteroids, but removed the multiplayer functionality entirely. Geometry Wars 3: Dimensions Geometry Wars 3: Dimensions was developed by Lucid Games and published by Activision under the Sierra Entertainment brand name. The game was released on November 25, 2014 for Microsoft Windows, OS X, Linux, PlayStation 3 and PlayStation 4, on November 26, 2014 for Xbox 360 and Xbox One and in the middle of 2015 for iOS, Android and PlayStation Vita. Geometry Wars 3: Dimensions is the first", "title": "Geometry Wars" }, { "docid": "1181487", "text": "Halo 3 is a 2007 first-person shooter video game developed by Bungie for the Xbox 360 console. The third installment in the Halo franchise following Halo: Combat Evolved (2001) and Halo 2 (2004), the game's story centers on the interstellar war between 26th-century humanity, a collection of alien races known as the Covenant, and the alien parasite known as the Flood. The player assumes the role of the Master Chief, a cybernetically enhanced supersoldier, as he battles the Covenant and the Flood. In cooperative play, other human players assume the role of allied alien soldiers. The game features vehicles, weapons, and gameplay elements familiar and new to the series, as well as the addition of saved gameplay films, file sharing, and the Forge map editor—a utility which allows the player to perform modifications to multiplayer levels. Halo 2 had originally been intended to wrap up the story begun with Combat Evolved, but development difficulties led to a cliffhanger ending. Bungie began developing Halo 3 shortly after Halo 2 shipped. The game was officially announced at E3 2006, and its release was preceded by a multiplayer beta open to select players who purchased the Xbox 360 game Crackdown. Microsoft spent $40million on marketing the game, in an effort to sell more game consoles and broaden the appeal of the game beyond the established Halo fanbase. Marketing included cross-promotions and an alternate reality game. Halo 3 was released on September 25 and grossed US$170million on its first day of release, rising to $300million in its first week. The game sold in excess of 14.5 million copies and was the best-selling video game of 2007 in the United States. More than one million people played Halo 3 on Xbox Live in the first twenty hours. Overall, the game was well received by critics, with the Forge and multiplayer offerings singled out as strong features; however, some reviewers criticized single-player aspects, especially the plot and campaign layout. Halo 3 is frequently listed as one of the greatest video games of all time. A sequel, Halo 4, released in November 2012, was developed by 343 Industries. Halo 3 was re-released as part of Halo: The Master Chief Collection for the Xbox One in November 2014 and for Microsoft Windows on July 14, 2020. Gameplay Halo 3 is a shooter game where players primarily experience gameplay from a first-person perspective. Much of the gameplay takes place on foot, but also includes segments focused on vehicular combat. Gameplay focuses on the \"Golden Triangle of Halo\": players utilize weapons, grenades, and melee attacks, which are available to a player in most situations. Players may dual-wield some weapons for additional firepower, forgoing the use of grenades and melee attacks. Unlike previous installments, the player's secondary weapon is visible on their player model, holstered or slung across the player's back. Halo 3 introduces support weapons, cumbersome two-handed weapons that slow the player when carried, but offer greatly increased firepower in return. In addition to weapons, Halo 3 contains a new", "title": "Halo 3" }, { "docid": "28988210", "text": "SBK X: Superbike World Championship is a motorcycle racing game, developed by Milestone srl and published by Black Bean Games in 2010. The game features three modes of gameplay: the arcade mode, the simulation mode and the multiplayer mode. Also for the first time in the series the game features the Superstock and Supersport championships. There is also the new career mode, composed of eight years, starting at the STK. Gameplay Arcade mode SBK-X features an intuitive mode named Arcade mode in which the player does not require the same precision and timing as in the simulation modes. The player also has at their disposal the boost button which enhances the speed of the motorcycle during straights. In this mode the player may enter in the Story mode, in which they have to accomplish some objectives including overtaking a number of adversaries or finishing at a certain position to complete. Simulation mode The simulation mode is focused on the more hardcore gamers who want to feel how is to really handle a motorcycle. However, the player may opt to play at a lower level of realism by changing the level of simulation to low or medium. This mode features the quick race, championship as well as the new career mode, in which the player has to rise through the ranks of the series to become a champion. This mode also features an evolving track, which means that during the early moments of the weekend, the track still lacks the darker strips. As the bikes pass through the track, its grip raises thanks tires' wearing out, creating a darker strip in the race line. Also, when it is raining the parts of the track where bikes pass most starts to dry up. Career In the Career mode, the players may create his own avatar and start at the lowest category, the Superstock. By finishing at the teams' desired position, showing skill on the track, the player gains reputation points which are needed to attract attention of high-profile teams and going to the other categories. This mode can be played for eight years and the final objective is to become a champion. Release The game was released on May 21, 2010, in Italy and June 4, 2010, in other European territories. It was not released in the US. The Legends Pack Special Edition was released for Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 on May 26 for Italy and in the same date as the normal edition in the other territories. Demo The demo was released for Xbox 360 gold members on May 19. On May 26 the game was released for silver members as well as PC and PS3. It features the Portimão track with all available weather conditions, to be playable with Max Biaggi form SBK's Aprilia RSV4 as well as Cal Crutchlow, the 2009 champion of the Supersport. Reception SBK X received positive reviews. Metacritic's score for the PS3 version is 73/100 References External 2010 video games Windows games Xbox 360", "title": "SBK X: Superbike World Championship" }, { "docid": "22601783", "text": "Space Ark is a single/multi player arcade video game developed by independent software developer Strawdog Studios for the Microsoft Xbox Live Arcade and PC. The game was announced in May 2009 and it was released on June 16, 2010. Gameplay Space Ark features three game modes. Mission mode. The player plays through each planet in turn collecting all the DNA crystals, grabbing the bonus fruit and scooping up all the power ups and bonus level tokens, to maximize their high score and earn the elusive \"Perfect\" ranking. Complete each planet in turn to unlock further planets and allow access to additional Arkonauts. Survival mode. The clock is counting down. The player must play through six levels, racing to unlock the exits as quickly as possible, before the timer hits zero. Time bonuses can be earned for playing well but the aim is to exit the level as fast as possible. Time remaining (plus bonuses) will be added up and this time will be available in the subsequent levels. Let the timer hit zero and it is game over. Time Attack mode. the clock is ticking. Time attack is a race to set the fastest time possible, which can be compared to those of other players via the online leader board. A split screen multi-player mode (same console/computer) is also available where two players compete to complete each level and win the game. Development Space Ark was revealed in an IGN post mortem article about another Strawdog Studios game, Geon: Emotions. A teaser video trailer for Space Ark was included, which referred to the game under a working title of \"Bounce\". References External links Official Space Ark webpage developers webpage 2010 video games Action games Video games developed in the United Kingdom Video games set in outer space Xbox 360 Live Arcade games Windows games Multiplayer and single-player video games", "title": "Space Ark" }, { "docid": "70795775", "text": "Drake Hollow is a survival adventure video game developed by The Molasses Flood and published by Curve Digital. Players assume control of various youths who are transported to a metaphysical realm known as The Hollow, where they encounter Drakes, a race of anthropomorphic vegetable folk. Players attempt to complete various missions on different maps to collect resources, build fortifications around defensive objectives that are meant to protect Drakes from monstrous invaders, and construct weapons and traps to engage in combat with waves of hostile creatures that attempt to destroy the player's base. The game was released for Xbox One on August 29, 2020, to a generally positive critical reception. PC versions for Microsoft Windows and Linux were released on October 1, 2020. Gameplay The gameplay of Drake Hollow bear some similarities to The Molasses Flood's previous game The Flame in the Flood, as well as Fortnite: Save the World. Its core gameplay loop involve players finding and caring for Drakes who take shelter at the player's base of operations. In order to adequately maintain Drake settlements and successfully defend them against attacks by corrupted monsters, players must venture out into the game world to gather resources and create supply routes. The game has two game modes, campaign and sandbox. It can be played both in single-player or cooperatively with up to four players in multiplayer mode. Development and release Drake Hollow is developed by Boston-based video game company The Molasses Flood. It was originally meant to be a sequel to their previous game The Flame in the Flood, but a decision was made to turn the game into a standalone product during the initial stages of development due to the many additions and changes that have been made. A key difference between both games is that the player's goal in The Flame in the Flood is to survive all kinds of environmental hazards, whereas in Drake Hollow players must save other beings through the game's survival mechanics. Drake Hollow was originally scheduled for release in July 2020, but was announced as being delayed indefinitely a few days before its confirmed release date. The Xbox One version of Drake Hollow was later released on August 28, 2020, and was simultaneously added to Xbox Game Pass on the same day. The PC version of Drake Hollow were released for the Windows and Linux platforms on October 1, 2020. Reception The Xbox One version of Drake Hollow received generally favorable reviews according to review aggregator Metacritic. Brendan Lowry from Windows Central gave the Xbox version of Drake Hollow a positive review and found it to be an overall enjoyable experience, even though he was frustrated by its endgame content. Nicholas Mercurio from Eurogamer Italy assessed Drake Hollow to be a simple survival game title that offers little in terms of innovation, but manages to competently present a number of unique elements as part of its gameplay experience. He was impressed with the game's art direction and visual design for the Drake creatures, in", "title": "Drake Hollow" }, { "docid": "36049438", "text": "Defiance was a science fiction-themed persistent world massively multiplayer online third-person shooter developed by Trion Worlds. Defiance took place on a terraformed Earth several years into the future. It was a tie-in to the Syfy show of the same name. The game was released in April 2013 for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360. It was also released on Steam. The game went free-to-play on June 4, 2014 for PC, August 14, 2014 for PS3 and November 18, 2014 for Xbox 360. Official game servers, community forums, and social media outlets were shut down by owning company Gamigo on April 29, 2021. Gameplay Characters come from one of four Origins: Veterans, Outlaws, Machinists, or Survivalists. Veterans are a group of soldiers who survived The Pale Wars, a massive conflict between humans and aliens. Outlaws are criminals who raid and destroy for fortunes. Machinists are scavengers, who recover alien technology to make profits and a living from it. Survivalists are humans or aliens who attempt to survive in the newly formed, hostile world. Besides initial starter weapon and also costume - this choice, similar to Race (Human, Irathient, and Castithan) has no consequence in the later game, with all weapons, abilities and costumes being equally accessible to all players beyond the tutorial area. Players can choose to be either a Human or an \"Irathient\" (a humanoid alien species who are similar to humans), or the Castithan race if they have particular downloadable content available. The Ark Hunters are injected with an EGO (Environmental Guardian Online), a symbiotic, neuro-muscular bionetic implant developed by Von Bach Industries, which helps players navigate the Bay Area and gives them access to unique abilities. Setting The game takes place in the San Francisco Bay Area, 15 years after the devastating Pale Wars between Earth and a loose alliance of extraterrestrial races known as Votanis Collective. The Votans came to Earth seeking a new home after the destruction of their solar system, unaware that the planet was already inhabited. Friction between the new arrivals and Humanity led to war, during which the Votan's terraforming technology was unleashed. The Earth's surface was drastically altered as a result, introducing radical changes in topography, the extinction of plant and animal species, and the emergence of new species. Afterward, Humans and Votans were forced to live together. Player characters are enlisted as \"Ark Hunters\" by industrialist Karl Von Bach to search the Bay Area for advanced and expensive alien technology. Players also take part in side missions to earn cash or challenges in which they compete with other Ark Hunters. Plot The opening cutscene, and main storyline mission of the game, begins with the player's Ark Hunter character accompanying Karl Von Back and several other Ark Hunters, on a flying stratocarrier crewed and commanded by the Earth Republic Military (also known as E-Rep). In charge of the carrier is Captain Noah Grant. He has been tasked by his superiors with escorting Von Bach and his ark hunters to the bay", "title": "Defiance (video game)" }, { "docid": "58079185", "text": "Digimon Survive is a visual novel with tactical role-playing game elements developed by Hyde and published by Bandai Namco Entertainment for Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, Windows, and Xbox One. Announced in 2018, the game was originally developed on a much smaller budget compared to previous Digimon games. However, as development progressed, producer Kazumasa Habu realized that their original budget and smaller studio was inadequate to achieve his vision, resulting in the game being re-developed from scratch and switched to a different game engine. This, along with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, resulted in the game being delayed from a previously announced 2019 release date. The game was released in Japan on July 28, 2022, for PlayStation 4 and Nintendo Switch then released Windows and Xbox One on the following day alongside worldwide in other territories. The game received mixed reviews from critics and fans. Gameplay Digimon Survive is a visual novel with tactical role-playing elements. Player choices influence the direction of the story, including the Digimon's evolution process. Multiple playthroughs can result in different paths and different digivolutions. The game features multiple endings and should wrong choices be made, characters will be killed. The game is split into multiple types of gameplay, such as \"Drama Parts\", \"Search Action\", \"Free Action\", and \"Free Battle\". During \"Drama Parts\" the game proceeds as a text adventure to tell the story. In \"Search Actions\", the player searches for a way to survive. In \"Free Action\", the player chooses where to go and whom to talk during a limited window of time. During \"Free Battle\", the player can enter certain areas to train their Digimon and collect items. Plot Takuma Momozuka, Minoru Hinata, Aoi Shibuya, Saki Kimishima, Ryo Tominaga, Shuuji Kayama, Kaito Shinonome, Miu Shinonome, and others are on a historical studies extracurricular activities camp during spring break. On the second day Takuma, Minoru and Aoi visit a famous local temple to investigate the legend of the \"Beast Gods\" (Kemonogami) where a festival to celebrate them will take place. As they explore, they come across Koromon, then hear screaming. Koromon and the group run to the source and find their classmates being attacked by other Digimon. Koromon digivolves to Agumon and scares the Digimon away. It is at this point, that Takuma and the others discover they are in another world. Development Digimon Survive was first announced in a July 2018 issue of the Japanese magazine V Jump for release on the PlayStation 4 and Nintendo Switch consoles. The western version was announced by Bandai Namco on YouTube through a trailer, with Xbox One and Steam being included in the platforms. On July 6, 2019, the game was delayed to 2020. On July 29, 2020, Toei Animation Europe stated Survive will release in Europe in January 2021; however, this was removed from their website on August 4. The official cinematic opening trailer for Digimon Survive was published on July 22, 2019. On October 8, 2020, game producer Kazumasa Habu stated on Twitter it was", "title": "Digimon Survive" }, { "docid": "57734093", "text": "Hypercharge: Unboxed is a cooperative third-person and first-person shooter video game developed by British independent studio Digital Cybercherries. It was originally released for Windows on Steam Early Access in 2017, with a full release released on Nintendo Switch in January 2020, Windows in April 2020 and Xbox One and Xbox Series X/S in May 2024. The game is set in various domestic and retail environments, including bedrooms, garages, bathrooms, gardens, and toy stores, where players assume the role of an action figure. The primary objective is to defend a central object, referred to as the Hypercore, from successive waves of hostile, animated toys. The main adversary in the game is a character named Major Evil, who leads the attacks against the Hypercore. The narrative suggests that failure to defend the Hypercore would result in humans forgetting about their childhood action figures. The game introduces a character, Sgt. Max Ammo, who plays a significant role in the storyline as the leader of the defense efforts. Gameplay Hypercharge: Unboxed is designed to support cooperative gameplay, allowing for 1-4 players in online and local co-op modes, with difficulty scaling to accommodate the number of players. It also supports offline play with player bots, full split-screen for online/local co-op, and features both a wave-based shooter mode with a story campaign and classic player versus player modes accommodating up to eight players. In Hypercharge: Unboxed, the primary objective is to complete a story-driven campaign, focusing on defending the Hypercore against successive enemy waves and accomplishing various tasks. Throughout the game, players engage in exploration to discover weapons, resources, and hidden items essential for surviving the attacks led by the antagonist, Major Evil. This gameplay combines strategic defense elements with exploration and resource management, encouraging players to strategically prepare for each challenge the game presents. Distinctly, Hypercharge: Unboxed aims to provide a gaming experience that combines nostalgia with modern gameplay mechanics, explicitly avoiding pay-to-progress models. Instead, it focuses on player skill and teamwork. The game also features character customization, allowing players to unlock new action figures by achieving specific gameplay milestones, thereby promoting a philosophy against pay-to-win practices. philosophy. Development Digital Cybercherries were awarded an Unreal Dev Grant which helped to further fund Hypercharge: Unboxed. It is built in the Unreal Engine 4. The game was released on the Nintendo eShop on January 31, 2020 and on Steam on April 27, 2020. The development of Hypercharge: Unboxed for the Xbox platform was officially announced on July 16, 2022, with the developers also confirming future support for the PlayStation. As of the last update, the game is still under development, and specific release dates for both Xbox and PlayStation platforms have not been disclosed by the developers. On the 1st May 2024, Digtial CyberCherries announced that Hypercharge: Unboxed will be released on Xbox Series S/X on the 31st May. Reception Kotaku commended the game for its mechanics, noting, \"what is here is solid. Guns feel good, enemies react when you shoot them, and movement is fast and", "title": "Hypercharge: Unboxed" }, { "docid": "73953853", "text": "Christoph Hartmann is a German-American video game executive and vice president of Amazon Games at Amazon. Before assuming leadership of Amazon Games in 2018, he was president and co-founder of video game publisher 2K. Early life and education Hartmann was born in Rosenheim, Germany, in 1970. He attended university at Munich Business School. As of 2022, he splits his time between New York and Munich. Early career Early in his career, Hartmann interned at BMG Music in Spain. In 1995, he moved to London and transitioned to a permanent role in BMG's then-new BMG Interactive division. There, he worked with Sam and Dan Houser, who went on to create Rockstar Games. Hartmann also supported the launch of the original Grand Theft Auto in 1997 as well as Grand Theft Auto 2 in 1999, Grand Theft Auto III in 2001, and Grand Theft Auto: Vice City in 2002. In 1998, video game publisher Take-Two Interactive acquired BMG Interactive and Hartmann assumed the role of senior vice president of publishing. 2K Games In 2005, Hartmann was a co-founder of 2K Games, a new publishing label formed when Take-Two Interactive acquired NBA 2K developer Visual Concepts. That same year, Hartmann orchestrated 2K's acquisition of the publishing rights for the Civilization series and buyout of Civilization developer Firaxis Games. Under Hartmann's leadership 2K published its first major hit, BioShock, in 2007. In 2009, Hartmann led 2K in publishing its next major franchise with the release of Borderlands. At 2K, Hartmann established a reputation for prioritizing the quality of a game over rapid development, an approach for which he continued to advocate later in his career, at Amazon. Metacritic ranked Take-Two Interactive as the top video game publisher of 2010. Other games published under Hartmann at 2K include Evolve, Borderlands: The Pre-Sequel, Mafia, and several entries in the XCOM, Civilization, and NBA 2K series, including NBA 2K14, which in 2013 became the top-selling sports game in the U.S. on PlayStation 4 and Xbox One. He departed 2K as company president in May 2017. Amazon Games In 2018, Hartmann joined Amazon as vice president of Amazon Game Studios, charged with leading the development and publishing businesses in Orange County, San Diego, and Seattle. At the time, each game published by Amazon was treated as its own business; Hartmann established a centralized publishing division within the company. Hartmann relaxed the unit's requirement to use the Amazon Lumberyard game engine, opening up development using Unreal Engine. He also encouraged Amazon to publish titles developed by other companies. Shortly after Hartmann joined Amazon Games, the organization published Crucible and then returned it to closed beta and eventually canceled it in 2020. The company also developed and published New World, released in 2021, and published Lost Ark (originally published in South Korea in 2019) in North America and other regions in 2022. Amazon Games opened a fourth office in Montreal after Hartmann hired the core team that created Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six Siege in 2021. In 2022, after the departure", "title": "Christoph Hartmann (executive)" }, { "docid": "11473999", "text": "Geometry Wars: Galaxies is a multidirectional shooter video game developed by Bizarre Creations and Kuju Entertainment, and published by Vivendi Games for the Wii and Nintendo DS in 2007. As the first Geometry Wars game to be released on non-Microsoft platforms, Galaxies is a spin-off of Geometry Wars, which was originally included as a bonus game within Project Gotham Racing 2 on Microsoft's Xbox console. This updated version includes a single-player campaign mode, several multiplayer modes, Geometry Wars: Retro Evolved (previously released on the Xbox Live Arcade online service), and support for online leaderboards. The Wii version supports widescreen and 480p progressive scan display. The soundtrack was composed by Chris Chudley from Audioantics who created the music for all of the Geometry Wars series. Gameplay The object of Geometry Wars: Galaxies is to survive as long as possible and score as many points as possible by destroying a constant, generally increasing swarm of enemies. The game takes place in a closed, two-dimensional playfield, and the game ends when the player loses his/her last life. The player controls a claw-shaped \"ship\" that can move and fire simultaneously in any direction, with movement and firing being controlled independently via the Wii and DS' unique motion controls. A limited supply of screen-clearing bombs are available at the press of a button to instantly eliminate all enemies and missiles in an emergency. The Wii version utilizes the Wii Remote pointer and buttons to aim and fire, while assigning movement and bombs to the Nunchuk's analog stick and buttons respectively. An alternate control scheme based on the Classic Controller is available, mimicking the original twin-stick control of the original Geometry Wars, in which bombs are deployed with shoulder buttons. The DS version allows players to use the directional pad, face buttons and/or the touchscreen to move and aim, while using shoulder buttons to deploy bombs. In addition to the updated control schemes, Galaxies introduces new enemies, multiplayer support, and several changes to the scoring system. Galaxies mode Galaxies is the game's main mode, which presents the player with a series of ten solar systems, each with a number of different planets featuring different challenges or styles of play. All of the enemies from Retro Evolved appear in Galaxies, along with some new enemies with a variety of different behaviours. Some planets play very similarly to Geometry Wars: Retro Evolved, while others introduce moving obstacles, narrow tunnels, enemy carriers that split into smaller enemies when destroyed, and other gameplay mechanics. Most levels start the player with three lives and three bombs, but some require the player to play with only one life and/or no bombs, and the player may not be able to earn extra lives or bombs in those levels. Each planet sets a Bronze, Silver and Gold score level, challenging the player to reach those scores before running out of lives. Bonus Geoms are awarded for earning each medal for the first time. Most enemies in Galaxies mode will drop one or more yellow", "title": "Geometry Wars: Galaxies" }, { "docid": "66075823", "text": "Ark 2 may refer to: Ark 2 (album), a 1969 album released by Flaming Youth Ark II, an American television series Ark Two Shelter, a nuclear fallout shelter near Toronto, Ontario, Canada Ark 2 (video game), the announced possible sequel to the Ark: Survival Evolved video game", "title": "Ark 2" }, { "docid": "39805988", "text": "Rage 2 is a 2019 first-person shooter video game developed by Avalanche Studios in conjunction with id Software and published by Bethesda Softworks. The game is the sequel to the 2011 game Rage. The game was released for PlayStation 4, Windows, and Xbox One on May 14, 2019. It received mixed reviews from critics, with praise for its combat but criticism for its story, characters, and open world gameplay. Gameplay Rage 2 is a first-person shooter. Players assume control of a ranger named Walker, who is free to explore the game's apocalyptic open world. Players are given control over some of Walker's attributes, such as their gender, skills, or attire. Walker is able to wield various firearms and tools to fight against enemies, including returning weapons such as the wingstick. Players can develop Walker's skills with Nanotrite-based powers. Through a mode called Overdrive, Walker's guns do more damage, enemies drop more energy and they get healed constantly — providing players with an aggressive way to mow down enemies. Nanotrites from the first game, which act as special powers and ability boosts, can be used to increase combat efficiency. The game features vehicular combat, including trucks, buggies and gyrocopters, with the player being able to drive any vehicle in the game's world. Plot Players assume control of Walker, the last Ranger of Vineland, who must survive in a world inhabited by dangerous mutants and crazed bandits after it was hit by the asteroid 99942 Apophis. The majority of mankind died during this apocalyptic event. While new settlements and factions emerged, a group called the Authority declared themselves the new military power. The game's prologue begins in Walker's home, Vineland, a city founded by former Ark residents and their descendants. Vineland gets stormed by the Authority's rebuilt Abadon mutant armies, and Walker's adoptive Aunt Prowley is killed by General Cross. Prowley leaves a pre-recorded holotape asking Walker to carry out Project Dagger, a mission conceived to stop General Cross. Walker is inducted as the last Ranger, a group of Ark survivors whose nanotrite-powered suits give them enhanced combat abilities. They are asked by Prowley's recording to find the three other members of Project Dagger; Loosum Hagar, Marshall, and Dr. Kvasir. Prowley's biological daughter, Lily, provides Walker with the Phoenix, an indestructible vehicle to travel the Wasteland, and promises to rebuild Vineland in the Ranger's absence. Marshall is found in the town of Gunbarrel. Walker is asked to assist him in restoring power to Gunbarrel and retrieving Gulo, a scout sent by Marshall from an hostile enemy clan named the Immortal Shrouded. The scout's last defiant act was to swallow the recorder with the bunker's location, which Walker recovers from her already-carved-out gut. They proceed to the bunker, wiping out both the Immortal Shrouded and the Authority patrol sent to dislodge them, and secures the data necessary to penetrate the Authority's security scans. Loosum Hagar is the mayor of Wellspring, a major travel hub in the Wasteland. When Walker arrives at her office,", "title": "Rage 2" }, { "docid": "2299242", "text": "A console is a command line interface where the personal computer game's settings and variables can be edited while the game is running. Consoles also usually display a log of warnings, errors, and other messages produced during the program's execution. Typically it can be toggled on or off and appears over the normal game view. The console is normally accessed by pressing the backtick key ` (frequently also called the ~ key; normally located below the ESC key) on QWERTY keyboards or the ² on AZERTY keyboards, and is usually hidden by default. In most cases it cannot be accessed unless enabled by either specifying a command-line argument when launching the game or by changing one of the game's configuration files. History A classic console is a box that scrolls down from the top of the screen. This style was made popular with Quake (1996). There are other forms of console: Quake III Arena has one or two consoles, depending on the platform the game was released for. The first is the internal console, which exists on all platforms. The second is an external console, created via the Windows API. The console printing function directs to both, likewise, both consoles can also have text input to them. The external console is used for dedicated servers and to log startup of the engine. Finally, the external console is also used to show errors and display debugging output should the game crash. Dark Engine's console shows output up to 4 lines in length and is accessed by pressing 3 particular keys at the same time. Lithtech's console has no output and is used mainly for entering cheat codes. ARK: Survival Evolved is an open world action and adventure survival video game is by Studio Wildcard. A lot of ARK commands will require the ‘Enable Cheats‘ command to be used before going further, as well as the Enable Cheats for Player command. It is an absolute must to use this before using to any other command. A single-line variant can be seen in games from The Sims series, to which can be invoked using Ctrl+Shift+C. While mainly used for cheats, it can also be used for purposes similar to most developer console implementations. On the Microsoft Windows version of Grand Theft Auto V, the console appears as a floating text box in the middle of the screen, and is generally used to enter cheat codes or spawn items. The Source engine's console is a window all by itself. Example commands sv_cheats 1: Used to activate cheats in Quake engine or Source engine based games. god: Used to toggle God mode. buddha: Similar to god mode in Source games, where the player can take damage down to a health of 1 but not die. noclip or ghost: Used to toggle Noclip mode. fly: Similar to Noclip mode, the player is only constrained to the walls and boundaries of the map. impulse 101: Gives the player full health, full ammo, and all weapons in Source", "title": "Console (computer games)" }, { "docid": "30471253", "text": "Your Shape: Fitness Evolved is a fitness game developed and published by Ubisoft. The game was released in November 2010 as a launch title for Kinect, a motion tracking sensor accessory for the Xbox 360. It was later ported to Japan for release on December 9, 2010. It is a sequel to Your Shape, making it the second game in the franchise. Gameplay The game uses \"player projection\" technology to capture the player's shape and form, dynamically incorporate them into the in-game environment, and tailor routines for the player. The game also features more emphasis on the use of resistance training, along with exercise programs developed in partnership with the magazines Men's Health and Women's Health. The game allows the player to track the calories loss, while following personal goals to work for. Downloadable content The game also features new routines and programs as downloadable content; Ubisoft initially released two programs as DLC in December 2010, The Toned Body Program and Cardio Boxing Platinum, and promised a total of 12 packs would be released for the game. with the third pack coming in January 2011. The game also features integration with Ubisoft's Uplay platform, allowing users to track, share their progress, and send challenges to other players online. Reception The game received above-average reviews according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. IGN considered that while it was not a \"perfect\" game (considering it was only an initial title for Kinect, and due to accuracy issues), it was still one of the best health games for Kinect, praising the level of feedback and motivation the game provides for players to perform the exercises correctly, and its futuristic Minority Report-styled graphical look and environments (which set it apart from the more \"cartoonish\" look of other Kinect games). Sequels A sequel was released in 2011, Your Shape: Fitness Evolved 2012, along with another sequel announced at E3 2012, Your Shape: Fitness Evolved 2013, for the Wii U. References External links 2010 video games Fitness games Kinect games Ubisoft games Video game sequels Video games developed in Canada Xbox 360 games Xbox 360-only games", "title": "Your Shape: Fitness Evolved" }, { "docid": "44421227", "text": "Geometry Wars 3: Dimensions is a 2014 multidirectional shooter video game developed by Lucid Games and published by Activision under the Sierra Entertainment brand name. The game was released on November 25, 2014 for Microsoft Windows, OS X, Linux, PlayStation 3 and PlayStation 4, day later for Xbox 360 and Xbox One and in the middle of 2015 for iOS and Android. As the sequel to Geometry Wars: Retro Evolved 2, Geometry Wars 3: Dimensions is the first game in the series to be released on Sony platforms. It is the sixth installment in the Geometry Wars series and the first one developed after the creator of the series Bizarre Creations was shut down by Activision. Gameplay The player pilots a claw-shaped ship that can shoot independently of where it is pointing. The primary objective is to destroy a variety of enemy shapes which attempt to destroy the ship. Depending on the game mode, extra lives and extra supers can be collected upon achieving a certain number of points. Supers can be chosen before the game starts, and are expendable powerups that have extreme effects on the game, such as turrets that shoot enemies and a massive wave of bullets. In addition, several 'drones' may be selected to accompany the player to perform tasks, such as collecting geoms or firing on enemies. Crucial to effective play is the score multiplier, which can be increased by collecting small green diamonds called \"geoms\". Skilled players may get the multiplier into the ten-thousands on occasions. Development The game was developed by Sierra Entertainment and Lucid Games for the Xbox One, Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, and PlayStation 4. It is the first game published by Sierra since May 6, 2009 when they released Zombie Wranglers. Release The game was released worldwide on November 25, 2014 for PC, PlayStation 3 and PlayStation 4 and November 26 for the Xbox 360 and Xbox One. A free update, titled Geometry Wars 3: Dimensions Evolved was released on March 31, 2015 on all platforms. The update included 40 new levels and other gameplay features such as new boss battles and gameplay types. Existing players received Evolved as a free update, and it is also included in new purchases of the game. Geometry Wars 3: Dimensions Evolved received a physical disc release on PS4 and Xbox One on October 11, 2016. Reception Geometry Wars 3: Dimensions received positive reviews. Aggregating review websites GameRankings and Metacritic gave the PlayStation 4 version 87.36% based on 11 reviews and 85/100 based on 20 reviews, the Microsoft Windows version 78.00% based on 4 reviews and 79/100 based on 4 reviews and the Xbox 360 version 85.26% based on 19 reviews and 83/100 based on 21 reviews. Brett Makedonski from Destructoid gave the game a perfect score, praising the responsive shooting mechanics, distinct level-design of the adventure campaign, inclusion of various new modes, as well as a \"classic mode\", which has similar gameplay as its predecessor Retro Evolved 2. He stated that \"Geometry Wars", "title": "Geometry Wars 3: Dimensions" }, { "docid": "42779265", "text": "Halo: The Master Chief Collection is a compilation of first-person shooter video games in the Halo series. The collection was released in November 2014 for the Xbox One, and later ported to Microsoft Windows and the Xbox Series X/S. The collection was developed by 343 Industries in partnership with other studios and was published by Xbox Game Studios. The collection includes Halo: Combat Evolved Anniversary, Halo 2: Anniversary, Halo 3, Halo 3: ODST, Halo: Reach, and Halo 4. Each game in The Master Chief Collection received graphical upgrades. Halo 2 received a high-definition redesign of its video, audio and cutscenes to celebrate its tenth anniversary. The game includes access to the live-action series Halo: Nightfall as well as the Halo 5: Guardians multiplayer beta that ran in 2014–15. Gameplay The Master Chief Collection originally consisted of Halo: Combat Evolved Anniversary, Halo 2 Anniversary, Halo 3, and Halo 4, complete with their full catalog of extras, including all multiplayer maps and gameplay modes. There have been no story or gameplay changes to the original releases. The games are first-person shooters with vehicular combat that takes place from a third-person perspective. Each campaign has four difficulty levels and access to gameplay modifiers known as \"Skulls\". All four campaign modes can be played alone or cooperatively via split screen or Xbox Live on Xbox One and Series X/S. The Microsoft Windows release does not have split screen capability, but it can be played cooperatively online with Steam friends and Xbox friends. As in Combat Evolved Anniversary, Halo 2 players can swap between the original and upgraded graphics on the fly. Additions to Halo 2s campaign mode include \"Terminals\", and new prologue and epilogue cutscenes to link the series for Halo 5s debut. Since only six of the game's multiplayer maps were remastered, there are two Halo 2 multiplayer modes. The Halo 2 anniversary multiplayer mode uses the six remastered maps, while the standard Halo 2 multiplayer mode includes all of the original game's released maps with a full graphical update but no remastering. The Collection multiplayer includes Mission Setlists, curated lists of levels selected from throughout the series. The Extras menu includes access to live-action video series Halo: Nightfall via the Halo Channel and the Halo 5: Guardians multiplayer beta, until it was removed prior to the game's release. The compilation features new Achievements, and all difficulty and play modes are unlocked from the start. The game launched with a total of 4,000 Gamerscore spread across 400 Achievements—the largest amount of Gamerscore given to a game since its introduction. Development 343 Industries studio head Bonnie Ross pushed for Halo 4 to be a launch title for the Xbox One, but it instead released in 2012 for the Xbox 360. The timing left a gap in the release schedule between Halo 4 and Halo 5. Having previously developed Halo: Combat Evolved Anniversary for Combat Evolveds tenth anniversary, the initial plan was to release a similar standalone Halo 2 Anniversary within the first few years", "title": "Halo: The Master Chief Collection" }, { "docid": "15152510", "text": "Don Stephens is a futurist, eco-home sustainable designer and author. He has published books in the field of what he terms \"optimized self-sufficiency\" for a range of uncertain-future scenarios, that is also labeled survivalism by others. In the 1960s, Stephens popularized the term \"retreater\" to describe those in the survivalist movement who were making preparations to avoid conflict by leaving populated areas for a pre-established remote survival retreat when or if society broke down. (At that time, this trend was primarily motivated by concerns about monetary collapse arising out of anticipated accelerating monetary inflation.) He also wrote on this topic for Innovator magazine, Inflation Survival Letter, Atlantis Quarterly and Harry Browne's Newsletter, among others. Stephens also contributed the \"Safe Shelter & Independent Energy\" chapter for The Complete Survival Guide (1983), which was edited by ark Thiffault. In public speaking venues, newsletters, and magazines, Stephens has been associated with Harry Browne, Robert D. Kephart, James McKeever, and Mel Tappan. Stephens studied architecture at the University of Idaho, and worked in a range of architectural and engineering firms in Idaho, Washington and southern California, before establishing his own eco-home design and consulting practice. From his university days onward, he has explored and evolved techniques of active solar and passive solar heating, solar power, earth-integrated design (earth sheltering), and pioneered uses of a range of \"alternative\", \"natural\", and salvaged materials and building techniques in home and retreat construction. These include straw bale, high-density recompressed strawblocks, earth-rammed tires, tire bales, urbanite, rammed earth, rice hulls, salvaged/used carpeting, and the pre-stressed \"self-filling\" of cement-bonded polystyrene bead insulating concrete forms (ICFs). Stephens developed (and originated the name for) the Annualized Geo-Solar (AGS) technique for simply and inexpensively capturing/storing the summer sun's heat, for predictable, delayed return six months later, to maintain up to 100% of needed winter warmth, which has drawn particular interest. This grew out of his pioneering work with solar and earth-sheltering, beginning in 1960. On these topics, he has written for Earth-Shelter Digest, Earthtone magazine and The Last Straw. He also prepared a requested paper on AGS for The Global Sustainable Building Conference 2005, in Tokyo, Japan. Stephens also presented this material at a number of conferences and workshops over the years for The American Underground-Space Association, Sol-West, the Northwest Renewable Energy Festival, the International Strawbale Association and the Northwest EcoBuilding Guild, and others. In keeping with his professional advocacies, he lives in a retrofitted century-old home heated by solar and biomass, utilizes photovoltaics for power generation, drives an electric vehicle, and practices organic gardening, composting and rainwater catchment. Don Stephens died in February 2018. Books The Survivor's Primer & Up-dated Retreater's Bibliography (1976), Personal Protection, Here and Now (1975) Retreating on a Shoe-string (1975) Green Papers (1987) The Complete Survival Guide (1983), , (Contributor) See also Annualized geo solar Earth sheltering Retreat (survivalism) Survivalism Sustainable design Mel Tappan References Living people Year of birth missing (living people) Geothermal energy People associated with solar power Survivalists University of Idaho alumni American male writers", "title": "Don Stephens" }, { "docid": "64626406", "text": "State of Decay is a series of third-person survival horror video games. The series was created by Undead Labs and published by Xbox Game Studios. To date, there are two installments in the franchise, and an upcoming third game. Common gameplay elements State of Decay is a series of survival horror video games. All the games feature an open world environment that is infested with zombies. The core gameplay loop revolves around finding and fortifying strongholds, explore the world to rescue survivors and collect various resources such as food and equipment, and defend the base against zombie attack. The second game introduces four-player co-operative multiplayer to the franchise. Unlike many other zombie games in the market, State of Decay is not about killing zombies. Instead, the player must try to avoid them, scavenge and manage resources and interact with other survivors. According to Jeff Strain, the founder of Undead Labs, the series explores the \"human element\", how people interact with each other and make choices in a time of desperation and hopelessness. Games State of Decay (2013) State of Decay is the debut title for Undead Labs. Originally announced as \"Class3\", it was released for the Xbox Live Arcade for the Xbox 360, and Microsoft Windows in June 2013. It quickly became a commercial success, selling 250,000 copies in 2 days. An enhanced version of the game, titled State of Decay: Year-One Survival Edition (YOSE), which introduced new weapons, vehicles and characters, was released in 2015 for Windows and Xbox One. State of Decay 2 (2018) State of Decay 2 was the follow-up to the first game. It introduces a four-player cooperative mode, which was scrapped in the first game due to limited resources, to the franchise. It was released for the Xbox One in May 2018. While the critical reception to the game was mixed, the game was the best-selling video game in the US in its month of release, with launch sales doubling that of the first game. Enabled by the success of Xbox Game Pass, the game had more than 5 million players in 2019. An expansion, Heartland, as well as several pieces of downloadable content, were released for the game. An enhanced version of the game named the \"Juggernaut Edition\" which added numerous quality-of-life improvements to the game, was released in March 2020. State of Decay 3 (TBA) Following the release of State of Decay 2, Microsoft fully acquired Undead Labs, making it a first-party studio. It is working on the third installment in the franchise, which is set to be released for Windows and Xbox Series X/S. Cancelled project Class4 was originally intended to be a follow-up to the first game. It was envisioned to be a massively multiplayer online role-playing game. However, the concept was abandoned following the success of State of Decay, as fans of the game were requesting a more expanded and polished sequel instead of a game that was drastically different. References Microsoft franchises Video game franchises Microsoft games Open-world video", "title": "State of Decay" }, { "docid": "2087", "text": "Ark or ARK may refer to: Biblical narratives and religion Hebrew word teva Noah's Ark, a massive vessel said to have been built to save the world's animals from a flood Ark of bulrushes, the boat of the infant Moses Hebrew aron Ark of the Covenant, chest for the tablets of the Ten Commandments Torah ark, a cabinet used to store a synagogue's Torah scrolls Businesses and organizations Ark (charity), UK Ark (toy company), a former company Ark Invest, American asset management firm ARK Music Factory, a record label, Los Angeles, California, US The Ark, a weekly newspaper in Tiburon, California ARK Theatre Company in Los Angeles, California, US Media, arts and entertainment Fiction Works of fiction The Ark (Doctor Who), a 1966 Doctor Who serial Ark, a 1970 apocalyptic short film directed by Rolf Forsberg Ark II, a 1976 children's science fiction television series ARK (1996), a book of poetry by Ronald Johnson Ark (film), a 2005 animated science fiction film directed by Subro Adonis \"The Ark\" (Stargate Atlantis), a 2007 episode of Stargate Atlantis Ark (novel), a 2009 novel by Stephen Baxter Ark (web series), a 2010 science fiction series by Trey Stokes The Ark (film), a 2015 BBC TV film Ark: Survival Evolved, a 2017 video game The Ark (TV series), a 2023 SyFy television series Ark: The Animated Series, a 2024 television series Fictional story elements Ark (Gravitation), character in Gravitation Ark (Noon Universe), a planet Ark (Transformers), a spacecraft The Ark (Halo), control station ARK, space colony in video games Sonic Adventure 2 and Shadow the Hedgehog Ark, character in video game Terranigma The Ark, space stations housing humanity in The 100 (TV series) The Ark, a floating city and the main setting of the game Brink The Ark, fictional English pop rock band from Alice Oseman's third novel I Was Born For This The Ark of Truth, an Alteran device in Stargate: The Ark of Truth Music Bands Ark (British band), a 1985 melodic rock band Ark (Bangladeshi band), a 1991 Bangladeshi rock band The Ark (Swedish band), a 1991 Swedish glam-rock band Ark (Norwegian band), a 1999 progressive metal band The Ark, a 2015 South Korean girl group with members including Euna Kim and Lee Su-ji Albums Ark (The Animals album), 1983, by The Original Animals The Ark (album), 1991 album by Frank Zappa The Ark (EP), 1996, by Swedish band The Ark Ark (L'Arc-en-Ciel album), 1999, by Japanese rock band L'Arc-en-Ciel Here Comes the Indian, 2003 album by Animal Collective, reissued in 2020 as Ark Ark (Brendan Perry album), 2010, by Brendan Perry Ark (We Are the Ocean album), 2015, by We Are the Ocean Ark (In Hearts Wake album), 2017, by In Hearts Wake Songs \"The Ark\", 2008, by Dr. Dog from Fate Poetry \"Ark\", 2019 poem by Simon Armitage to commemorate launch of RRS Sir David Attenborough Video games Ark: Survival Evolved, a 2017 action adventure survival video game Places Buildings The Ark (fortress), 5th century AD, Bukhara, Uzbekistan The", "title": "Ark" }, { "docid": "4319911", "text": "Hadley P. Arkes (born 1940) is an American political scientist and the Edward N. Ney Professor of Jurisprudence and American Institutions Emeritus at Amherst College, where he has taught since 1966. He is currently the founder and director of the James Wilson Institute on Natural Rights & the American Founding in Washington, D.C. Early life and education Arkes grew up in Chicago. Until his immediate family moved to an apartment elsewhere in Chicago in 1944, Arkes lived with his grandparents, parents, aunts, and uncles. Despite the war and the looming danger for his Jewish people, he describes his childhood as one of blissful freedom: \"There was a vast world in which to move, and those fences, occasionally seen, were not barriers to my freedom but fences for my protection.\" Arkes received a B.A. degree at the University of Illinois and a Ph.D. from the University of Chicago where he was a student of Leo Strauss. Teaching Arkes started teaching at Amherst College in 1966, earning the title of the Edward Ney Professor of Jurisprudence in 1987. He assumed emeritus status in 2016. Writing Books In a series of books and articles dating from the mid-1980s, Arkes has written on a priori moral principles and advocated for their impact on constitutional interpretation. He has also dealt with their relation to constitutional jurisprudence and natural law, and their challenge to moral relativism. His works draw on political philosophers from Aristotle through the U.S. Founding Fathers, Lincoln, and contemporary authors and jurists. John O. McGinnis, reviewing Arkes's Constitutional Illusions & Anchoring Truths in The Wall Street Journal, writes that it tries to find a path between the extremes of originalism, where the meaning of the U.S. Constitution is fixed by its original text, and the idea of the living constitution, where its meaning is updated by evolving moral principles. In The Philosopher in the City (1981), Arkes introduced the idea, taken from the Founders, that law should be a teacher of virtue and not just a regulator of vice. Republican virtue, Arkes wrote, presented the solution to the interconnected problems of racial integration, free speech, and urban crime. Arkes also sharply criticized libertarian philosophy as simplistic and morally obtuse. First Things (1986) was the first of Arkes's many contributions to legal philosophy, in which he argued for a jurisprudence based in Lincoln's understanding of natural law and contrasted it with positive rights such as the \"right to privacy\" which underpins pro-abortion arguments. Arkes returned to this theme in a later book, Natural Rights and the Right to Choose (2002), and elaborated on the moral and legal confusion which he believes was the philosophical legacy of Roe v. Wade. Michael Uhlmann wrote in a review of that book, “Arkes would be the first to acknowledge that his take on particular cases and controversies can be reasonably disputed, but he brings to the table of constitutional discourse a long missing and badly needed element—the recognition that the text of the Constitution rests on a particular", "title": "Hadley Arkes" }, { "docid": "32006713", "text": "Halo: Combat Evolved Anniversary is a 2011 first-person shooter video game developed by 343 Industries, Saber Interactive, and Certain Affinity. It is a remake of Halo: Combat Evolved (2001), developed by Bungie. Publisher Microsoft announced Anniversary alongside Halo 4 at the 2011 Electronic Entertainment Expo. It was released in November 2011, the 10th anniversary of the original Halo, for the Xbox 360 console, and re-released as part of Halo: The Master Chief Collection for the Xbox One in November 2014. A Windows version was released in March 2020. 343 Industries, overseers of the Halo franchise, approached Saber Interactive to develop a remake of Halo for the anniversary. Saber used its proprietary game engine to reproduce the graphics and the original Halo engine for gameplay. A development tool for toggling between the old and new visuals became a game feature. Anniversarys enhancements include a complete high-definition visual overhaul, support for cooperative and multiplayer gameplay via the Xbox Live online service, new and remastered sound effects and music, and extras such as achievements and in-game collectibles. It is the first Halo game to include Kinect support. Critical reception to Anniversary was generally positive. The updated graphics, sounds, and ability to toggle between the remastered and original visuals were praised. Complaints included technical glitches, faults with the original game's level design, and the multiplayer implementation. Gameplay Halo: Combat Evolved Anniversary and the original, Halo: Combat Evolved, are identical in gameplay and plot. The game is a first-person shooter with portions of vehicular combat taking place from a third-person perspective. The plot follows the player character and protagonist Master Chief, a supersoldier, as he fights the alien Covenant on the mysterious ancient ringworld Halo. Players are equipped with a recharging energy shield that absorbs damage; players also have health that can only be replenished by health packs scattered across the game's levels. A variety of human and alien weapons and vehicles can be used. Players can switch between the \"classic\" graphics of the original game and new graphics developed for the remake by pressing the Back button on the controller. The classic and new graphics are presented in high-definition, 16:9 widescreen compared to the original game's 480i resolution and 4:3 aspect ratio. The remastered graphics are also available in stereoscopic 3D for compatible televisions. Additions to the gameplay include Xbox Live achievements, online cooperative gameplay, and hidden content: video terminals that provide additional plot information, and collectible skulls that modify gameplay when activated. Support for Xbox Kinect includes voice commands for video navigation, in-combat directives, and environment-scanning, which adds on-screen items to an encyclopedia called the Library. The original Combat Evolved did not support online multiplayer, but players could play multiplayer locally via split-screen or System Link LAN. Anniversary adds revamped multiplayer and two-player co-op campaign support available both online via Xbox Live and offline locally. The game's multiplayer mode uses Halo: Reachs engine and features seven remakes of Combat Evolved and Halo 2 maps. Anniversary also includes a new map based on Halos", "title": "Halo: Combat Evolved Anniversary" }, { "docid": "70320480", "text": "BattlEye is a proprietary anti-cheat software designed to detect players that hack or abusively use exploits in an online game. It was initially released as a third-party anti-cheat for Battlefield Vietnam in 2004 and has since been officially implemented in numerous video games, primarily shooter games such as PUBG: Battlegrounds, Arma 3, Destiny 2, and DayZ. BattlEye supports Valve Corporation's Proton compatibility layer and is usable on the Steam Deck. Games using BattlEye Arma 2 (2009) PlanetSide 2 (2012) Arma 3 (2013) Rainbow Six Siege (2015) Heroes & Generals (2016) Escape from Tarkov (2017) Ark: Survival Evolved (2017) Unturned (2017) Destiny 2 (2017) PUBG: Battlegrounds (2017) Fortnite Battle Royale (2017) Ghost Recon: Wildlands (2017) Atlas (2018) Z1 Battle Royale (2018) DayZ (2018) PlanetSide Arena (2019) Ghost Recon: Breakpoint (2019) Watch Dogs: Legion (2020) Arma Reforger (2022) The Cycle: Frontier (2022) Mount & Blade II: Bannerlord (2022) Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six Extraction (2022) Tibia (2023) War Rock (2023) Ark: Survival Ascended (2023) Skull and Bones'' (2024) References External links Official website Anti-cheat software 2004 software Proprietary software for Linux Proprietary software for macOS Proprietary software for Windows", "title": "BattlEye" }, { "docid": "31839146", "text": "Chromatic Games, formerly Trendy Entertainment Inc., is an American video game development studio, founded in 2009, by Augi Lye and Jeremy Stieglitz. It is located in Gainesville, Florida. Trendy Entertainment is a developer of Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, Windows, iOS, and Android platform games. History Establishment (2009 - 2012) Trendy Entertainment developed the indie title Dungeon Defence in 4 weeks using the Unreal Engine, which was released on February 4, 2010. The game formed the basis for Dungeon Defenders, released on October 19, 2011. Dungeon Defenders was financially successful, having sold more than 600,000 copies within two years of its release. This drew a large investment into Trendy by Insight Venture Partners, gaining majority control of the company. Stieglitz stated in a later interview that Insight was not as much interested in the video game development side, and has affected their approach to developing games. Stieglitz's departure and legal challenge (2013-2018) A June 2013 investigation by Kotaku magazine found the company to be a poor employer, citing a sexist work environment that demanded excessive work hours. The company removed Stieglitz from their upcoming Dungeon Defenders 2 game shortly after publication of the report, and instead created an imprint division, NomNom Games, placing Stieglitz as its president by September 2013, and starting the development of Monster Madness Online, a massively multiplayer online game in the spirit of Dungeon Defenders; in this manner, Stieglitz remained as Chief Technology Officer for Trendy, but separated from those that accused him in Kotakus report. Stieglitz remained at Trendy until around April 2014, where he wrote to Insight and Trendy's management that he could not trust some of the people working under him as a result of fallout from the report, and asked that either these people be removed, or find a way to have him leave the company. Trendy and Stieglitz came to an agreement to have him work for a few additional months, through August 2014, while agreeing to cut his non-compete agreement from three to one years. Following his departure, Stieglitz quietly co-formed Studio Wildcard in September 2014, bringing in a number of Trendy developers who went on to develop Ark: Survival Evolved. Ostensibly, Studio Wildcard had stated that Stieglitz was only consulting on their studio during this period. However, Trendy and Insight argued that Stieglitz was breaking his non-compete after discovering his role in co-founding Wildcard, and further, had been trying to lure talent from Trendy, and had used some of the proprietary information from Trendy's work into Ark. Trendy and Insight sought from Stieglitz in the suit, but by April 2016, Stieglitz opted to settle out of court, agreeing to pay Trendy rather than fight the lawsuit, given Insight's financial backing. Rebranding as Chromatic Games (2019 - current) The company rebranded itself as Chromatic Games in March 2019. This change followed by a buyout of the studio from its investors by the original co-founder Augi Lye, as well a transition of staff, with some veteran developers departing while new hires were", "title": "Chromatic Games" }, { "docid": "73338417", "text": "Breathedge is a survival game developed by Redruins Softworks and published by HypeTrain Digital. Players control a character stuck on an adrift spaceship. Gameplay The player controls an unnamed protagonist on an adrift spaceship carrying corpses. The protagonist seeks to bury his deceased grandfather. When the spaceship is wrecked, the player attempts to survive various hazards, such as low oxygen and a lack of tools. They are accompanied by a sarcastic artificial intelligence and an immortal chicken. Development Breathedge entered early access on September 13, 2018, and was released on PC on February 25, 2021. It was released on the Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, Xbox One and Xbox Series X and S on April 6, 2021. The PlayStation 5 version was released on February 25, 2022. Reception Breathedge received mixed reviews on Metacritic. Writing for PC Gamer, Tyler Wilde said he enjoyed the gameplay, but he stopped playing because of what he felt was outdated and unfunny humor. IGNs reviewer, Jon Bolding, wrote, \"Breathedges concept of survival crafting in space may be good, but it just isn't fun.\" John Rairdin of Nintendo World Report criticized the long initial load time on the Switch. He called it \"a mediocre survival game with a pretty good story\" and recommended it to Subnautica fans. References External links 2021 video games Windows games PlayStation 4 games PlayStation 5 games Xbox One games Nintendo Switch games Single-player video games Indie games Survival video games Video games set in outer space Unreal Engine games HypeTrain Digital games", "title": "Breathedge" }, { "docid": "23775587", "text": "343 Industries is an American video game developer located in Redmond, Washington, part of Xbox Game Studios. Headed by Pierre Hintze, the studio is responsible for the Halo series of military science fiction games, originally created and produced by Bungie, and is the developer of the Slipspace Engine. Named after the Halo character 343 Guilty Spark, the studio was established in 2007 after the departure of Bungie after the release of Halo 3. After co-developing downloadable content for Halo: Reach, Bungie's final Halo game, 343 Industries released Halo: Combat Evolved Anniversary and Halo 4, the latter starting the studio's \"Reclaimer Saga\" of the mainline games. Formation Bungie was a video game developer working on their next project when they were acquired by Microsoft in 2000. Their in-development game, Halo: Combat Evolved, turned into a launch title for Microsoft's Xbox console. Bungie and Microsoft's cultures never meshed, and after the release of Halo 2 Bungie began renegotiating for better profit sharing for their next game, Halo 3. These discussions led to Bungie announcing its independence from Microsoft in 2007. While Bungie was still contracted to deliver new Halo games, the rights to the franchise remained with Microsoft. Xbox general manager Bonnie Ross recalled that her colleagues felt Halo was a waning property and looked at contracting an outside company to produce new games; the series's deep backstory and universe appealed to Ross, and she argued for a different approach. Ross' pitch won over Microsoft Game Studios general manager Shane Kim, and she was put in charge of a new internal Halo studio, 343 Industries, named after the Halo character 343 Guilty Spark. 343 Industries started with a staff of roughly a dozen people in late 2007. Bungie staffer Frank O'Connor assisted in the transition, and quit Bungie to serve as 343 Industries' franchise director. Ross' vision for Halo also impressed Microsoft art director Kiki Wolfkill, who joined the team as a studio head. During the transition, 343 Industries worked with the company Starlight Runner to interview Bungie staff and compile a centralized story bible for the universe. 343 Industries also worked with Bungie on their last Halo projects, Halo 3: ODST (2009) and Reach (2010). Development In July 2009, it was announced that 343 Industries was working on a seven-part Halo anime series called Halo Legends. Later that year the studio created Halo Waypoint, a downloadable application that tracks a user's Halo accomplishments. 343 Industries also increased staff for Halo development, recruiting staff from the defunct Pandemic Studios. 343 Industries also collaborated with Certain Affinity on Halo: Reachs second and third map packs. The company was responsible for the remastered version of Halo: Combat Evolved, titled Halo: Combat Evolved Anniversary, which was released on November 15, 2011, to celebrate the 10th year since the release of the first franchise installment on November 15, 2001. Following Bungie's completion of their last Halo title, Halo: Reach, 343 Industries was eventually given complete control of the Halo franchise including servers and data on March", "title": "343 Industries" } ]	[ "August 2017" ]
train_7087	where did the moors who invaded spain come from	[ { "docid": "253790", "text": "Operation Felix () was the codename for a proposed German campaign to cross into Spain and to seize Gibraltar early in the Second World War. The planned operation pre-supposed the co-operation of the Spanish dictator, Francisco Franco; it did not occur chiefly because of Franco's reluctance to enter the war - partially due to the influence of British intelligence. Background Reminiscing about the Spanish Civil War, Republican minister Federica Montseny wrote to historian Burnett Bolloten in 1950 that the government had planned to offer the Canary or the Balearic Islands to Germany in exchange of its neutrality. However, the Largo Caballero government could not provide written proof of its proposal and the Germans did continue to support the Nationalists. After the Fall of France in June 1940, Hermann Göring advised Adolf Hitler to occupy Spain and North Africa, rather than to invade the British Isles. As early as June 1940, before the armistice with France had been signed, General Heinz Guderian also argued for seizing Britain's strategically-important naval base of Gibraltar. Guderian even urged Hitler to postpone the armistice so that he could rush on through Spain with two Panzer divisions, take Gibraltar and invade French North Africa. General Alfred Jodl, Chief of Staff of Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW) operations, presented Hitler with a formal plan to cut Britain from the east of its empire by invading Spain, Gibraltar, North Africa and the Suez Canal, instead of invading Britain. On 12 July 1940, the OKW set up a special group for the necessary planning. On 22 July, Admiral Wilhelm Canaris, the head of the Abwehr and an acknowledged expert on Spain, travelled with several other German officers to Madrid, Spain, where they held talks with the Spanish dictator, General Francisco Franco, and Spanish War Minister General Juan Vigón. They then travelled on to Algeciras, where they stayed some days to reconnoitre the approaches to Gibraltar, and they returned to Germany with the conclusion that Franco's regime was reluctant to enter the war. Canaris's group determined that Gibraltar might be seized by an air-supported ground assault by at least two infantry regiments, three engineer battalions and 12 artillery regiments. Canaris declared that without heavy assault cannon, which he knew were unavailable, Gibraltar could not be taken. When he reported to Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel, Canaris gave his opinion that even if Germany were able, with the co-operation of Spain, to seize Gibraltar, the British would land in Morocco and French West Africa. In August, Canaris met with Franco's brother-in-law, Ramón Serrano Súñer, who was about to become the Spanish Foreign Minister. Canaris urged Serrano Súñer to do what he could to convince Franco to stay out of the war. Soon afterward, Franco dispatched Serrano Súñer to Berlin to get an idea of Hitler's attitude since Canaris had assured him that Germany would not forcibly intervene in Spain. When Serrano Súñer met Hitler on 16 September, Hitler did not press very hard for Spanish involvement in the war, perhaps because he planned", "title": "Operation Felix" }, { "docid": "40349180", "text": "Robert G. M. Neville (May 12, 1905 – February 17, 1970) was an American newspaper and magazine reporter who, in a 40-year career, covered the Spanish Civil War, World War II and the Korean War, working for The New York Times, New York Post, New York Herald Tribune, PM and, starting in 1937, Time magazine, where he remained for two and, subsequently, 13 years, rising in 1938 to become the publication's foreign news editor. Background A native of Oklahoma, Robert Neville was born on a ranch near the small city of Vinita, to Missourians Oliver D. Neville and Lavona A. Neville. They subsequently moved with his family to Wyoming where, living in another small city, Gillette, he worked, at the age of 14, as a hand typesetter for a local newspaper. Starting his higher education at the University of California and then transferring to New York City for a Bachelor of Literature degree at Columbia University, he obtained a Master's degree from Columbia School of Journalism in 1929. Career While studying for his degrees and for three years after receiving his Master's, he worked as a reporter for The Times, then for the Post and eventually for the Herald Tribune which, in 1936, sent him to Spain for coverage of the civil war which had just erupted there. Some of his battlefield reports were also published in liberal weekly The New Republic. By 1937, after nearly a year in Spain, Neville was back in New York, changing his working environment from that of a daily newspaper to the weekly newsmagazine Time which, the following year, promoted him to the position of foreign news editor. Frequently traveling to the Polish capital, Warsaw, in the tense months preceding the outbreak of World War II, he witnessed, on September 1, 1939, the first day of the war, as Hitler's army invaded Poland. In 1940, William Saroyan lists him among \"contributing editors\" at Time in the play, Love's Old Sweet Song. Coming back again to New York, Neville decided on a return to daily newspaper work, joining, as one of the initial reporters, the newly founded (in June 1940) leftist afternoon daily PM, which did not accept advertising and resembled a weekly newsmagazine in its reliance on large photographs and stapled pages. Offered the same position he held at Time, foreign news editor, Neville remained with PM until December 1941 when, in the aftermath of the Pearl Harbor attack, he entered the Army as a private, at the age of 36. Quickly promoted to staff sergeant and receiving an assignment to the publications division, he was sent to North Africa where he became a co-founder of the Armed Forces newspaper Stars and Stripes edition covering the Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II. After the liberation of Rome, the paper moved its headquarters to the Italian capital where Neville, now holding the rank of captain, with quick future promotions to major and then lieutenant colonel, served as its editor and publications officer.", "title": "Robert Neville (journalist)" }, { "docid": "1121972", "text": "The Rif or Riff (, ), also called Rif Mountains, is a geographic region in northern Morocco. It is bordered on the north by the Mediterranean Sea and Spain and on the west by the Atlantic Ocean, and is the homeland of the Rifians and the Jebala people. This mountainous and fertile area is bordered by Cape Spartel and Tangier to the west, by Berkane and the Moulouya River to the east, by the Mediterranean to the north, and by the Ouergha River to the south. The Rif mountains are separated into the eastern Rif mountains (Nador, Driouch, Al Hoceima) and western Rif mountains (Tangier, Tetouan, Chefchaouen, Taounate). Geography Geologically, the Rif Mountains belong to the Gibraltar Arc or Alborán Sea geological region. They are an extension of the Baetic System, which includes the mountains of the southern Iberian Peninsula across the strait. Thus, the Rif Mountains are not part of the Atlas Mountain System. Major cities in the greater Rif region include Nador, Al Hoceima (also called Villa), Imzouren, Driouch, Ben Taieb, Midar and Al Aaroui and a few (small) towns: Segangan, Selwan, Ajdir and Targuist (Targist). History The Rif has been inhabited by Berbers since prehistoric times. As early as the 11th century BC, the Phoenicians began to establish trading posts with the approval of or partnership with the local Berbers; had started interbreeding and creating a Punic language on the Mediterranean and the Atlantic coasts; and had founded cities such as Tetouan, Rusadir (now Melilla) and (in the 5th century BC) Tingi (now Tangier). After the Third Punic War, the coast of North Africa came under the control of Rome, and the Rif became part of the Kingdom of Mauretania. When Mauretania was divided during the rule of Emperor Claudius, Tangier became the capital of Mauretania Tingitana. In the 5th century AD, the Roman rule came to an end, and the region was later reconquered and partly controlled by the Byzantine Empire. In 710, Salih I ibn Mansur founded the Emirate of Nekor in the Rif, and Berbers started converting to Islam. By the 15th century, many Moors were exiled from Spain, and most of them settled in Western Rif and brought their culture, such as Andalusian music, and even established the city of Chefchaouen. Since then, the Rif has suffered numerous battles with Spain and Portugal. In 1415, Portugal invaded Ceuta, and in 1490 Spain conquered Melilla. The Hispano-Moroccan War broke out in 1859 in Tetouan, and Morocco was defeated. The Spanish-Moroccan conflicts continued in the 20th century, under the leadership of Abd el-Krim, the Berber guerrilla leader who proclaimed the Republic of the Rif in 1921. The Riffian Berbers won several victories over the Spanish in the Rif War in the 1920s before they were eventually defeated. The Spanish region was decolonised and restored to Morocco by Spain in April 1956, a month after the French region gained its independence from France. Shortly afterward, a revolt broke out in the north against the Moroccan king", "title": "Rif" } ]	[ { "docid": "28446836", "text": "¡Santiago! (or ¡Santiago y cierra, España!), is a Christian rallying cry of Spanish soldiers during the Reconquista and crusading era of medieval Spain. The phrase, \"¡Santiago y cierra España!\" — literally, \"St. James and Seal Spain!\" or \"Santiago and close Spain!\" was an appeal to St. James to intercede in closing Spain's borders from foreign bodies and invasion. Contrary to this interpretation there are other authors who argue that the military order closes, in military terms means to engage in combat, attack or attack; \"Close\" the distance between you and the enemy. St. James became the patron of Spain, and the hope and the mainstay of the Christian people in times of stress, war and threatening ruin. Origins The first reported usage of the war cry was during the ninth century, where St. James was purported to have appeared to King Ramiro I of Asturias (r. 842–850) prior to the battle of Clavijo where he encouraged and assured the Christian king of victory, stating: \"I will come to your aid and on the morrow by the hand of God you will overcome the countless multitude of Saracens... You will see me on a white horse... bearing a great white banner.\" As promised, the Apostle James appeared on horseback and the Spanish troops shouted, \"May God and St. James help us!\" Thus, it was during this conflict that the battle cry of St. James originated. The association of St. James with intervening in battle evolved during the medieval era and reconquest of Spain. As such, the concepts of St. James and warfare became tightly interwoven (ie: Santiago as Matamoros or the Moor-slayer). By the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, the appeals of Spanish soldiers and crusaders requesting assistance from God, the Virgin Mary or diverse Catholic Saints prior to engaging in battle with Muslim armies were common place and well attested to, as adduced in the epic poem of Cantar de mio Cid, 731: \"Los Moros llaman Mafomat e los Cristianos Santi Yague.\" \"The Moors call on Muhammad, and the Christians on Santiago.\" In the heat of battle, war cries were customary occurrences and although there are a variety of battle cries used throughout the history of the Reconquista, (eg: \"St. Mary and Santiago!\" or \"Castilla!\" or \"Castilla and King Alfonso!\" or \"Santa Maria!\") the most enduring rallying cry of the reconquest of Spain was \"¡Santiago y cierra, España!\" References Battle cries Military history of Spain Spanish traditions Medieval Spain Spanish words and phrases", "title": "¡Santiago!" }, { "docid": "180204", "text": "Bernardo del Carpio (also spelled Bernaldo del Carpio) is a legendary hero of the medieval Spain. Until the end of the nineteenth century and the labors of Ramón Menéndez Pidal, he, not El Cid, was considered to have been the chief hero of medieval Christian Spain and was believed to be a historical person. His factual existence has been defended in the later 20th century, although the Spanish government has not designated him to be historical. The story The earliest form of the legend of Bernardo is found in the Chronicon mundi of Lucas of Tuy (1236), followed closely by the Historia Gothica of Rodrigo Jiménez de Rada (1243) and the Primera Crónica General (1270). According to the form of the legend found in the 13th-century chronicles, Bernardo was the son of the secret marriage of Sancho Díaz, count of Saldaña, and Jimena, daughter of King Alfonso II of Asturias (), although rumour had it that his mother was Timbor, sister of the Frankish king Charlemagne. He was born early in his Alfonso's reign, but when the king learned of the illicit marriage he had Sancho imprisoned and Jimena placed in a convent. Bernardo was raised in the royal court. When Alfonso grew old, he submitted to Charlemagne in return for protection against the Moors. Bernardo led the resistance to this submission, forcing Alfonso to renege. Charlemagne then invaded Asturias. Bernardo, leading the army, and his Moorish ally, King Marsil of Zaragoza, defeated the Franks at the Battle of Roncevaux Pass, where Roland was killed. After his victory, Bernardo learned that his father was still alive. He went into mourning for his living father, but Alfonso still refused to free him. When Charlemagne returned to take revenge on Marsil, Bernardo joined him against his old ally. Charlemagne richly rewarded him and brought him back to France. Twenty-four years later he returned to Asturias and fought alongside King Alfonso III at Toledo. When his cousin, Don Bueso, marched from France with an army, Bernardo defeated him in a duel and then defeated his army. He then demanded the freedom of his father, but was refused. A year later, he fought for the queen in a tournament, but his request for his father's freedom was again refused. He then decided to go on a rampage, seizing land and generally terrorizing the kingdom for two years. He built up a large retinue and constructed a castle he called El Carpio near Salamanca as his headquarters. When Alfonso III marched on El Carpio, Bernardo demanded his father's release. This was granted, but his father had died three days before. Bernardo thus lost the castle for nothing. Bernardo returned to France for a time before Charlemagne sent him back with soldiers and horses to fight the Moors. He liberated Berbegal, Barbastro and Sobrarbe before settling down to marry Doña Galinda, daughter of Count Alardos de Latre. He repopulated the Canal de Jaca. Origins Although presented in the chronicles as history, the story is of Bernardo", "title": "Bernardo del Carpio" }, { "docid": "47378220", "text": "Where to Invade Next is a 2015 American documentary film written and directed by Michael Moore. The film, in the style of a travelogue, has Moore spending time in countries such as Italy, France, Finland, Tunisia, Slovenia, Germany, and Portugal where he experiences those countries' alternative methods of dealing with social and economic ills experienced in the United States. Moore's first film in six years, Where to Invade Next opened on December 23, 2015, in the United States and Canada, in a limited run for one week only in a Los Angeles and New York City theater to qualify for the Oscars. It re-opened on February 12, 2016, across 308 screens. The film received generally positive reviews from critics. Synopsis In the film, Moore visits a number of countries and examines aspects of their social policies that he suggests the United States could adopt. He visits Italy, France, Finland, Slovenia, Germany, Portugal, Norway, Tunisia, and Iceland; respectively, the subjects covered are worker benefits, school lunches, early education, college education, worker inclusion, decriminalized drugs, low recidivism, women's health care, and women's inclusion and leadership role in society. These countries and supporting facts are listed on the film's website. The countries and topics in order of appearance: In Italy: labor rights and workers' well-being – paid holiday, paid honeymoon, thirteenth salary, two-hour lunch breaks, paid parental leave, speaking with the executives of Lardini and Claudio Domenicali, the CEO of Ducati In France: school meals and sex education In Finland: education policy (almost no homework, no standardized testing), speaking with Krista Kiuru, the Finnish Minister of Education. Moore notes that music and poetry have been eliminated in the American K-12 education system. In Slovenia: debt-free/tuition-free higher education, speaking with , University of Ljubljana's rector, and Borut Pahor, the President of Slovenia. The University of Ljubljana teaches at least 100 courses in English. In Germany: labor rights, co-determination and work–life balance, visiting pencil manufacturer Faber-Castell, and the value of honest, frank national history education, particularly as it relates to Nazi Germany In Portugal: May Day, drug policy of Portugal, universal health care, and the abolition of the death penalty In Norway: humane prison system, visiting the minimum-security Bastøy Prison and maximum-security Halden Prison, and Norway's response to the 2011 Utøya attacks In Tunisia: women's rights, including reproductive health, access to abortion and their role in the Tunisian Revolution and the drafting of the Tunisian Constitution of 2014. Rached Ghannouchi disapproves of compulsory hijab, saying, \"The state should not tell women how to dress, or interfere in their lives.\" In Iceland: women in power, speaking with Vigdís Finnbogadóttir, the world's first democratically elected female president; the Best Party with Jón Gnarr being elected Mayor of Reykjavík; the 2008–11 Icelandic financial crisis and the criminal investigation and prosecution of bankers, with special prosecutor The fall of the Berlin Wall Moore points out at the end that many of these ideas actually originated in the U.S., such as the constitutional ban on cruel and unusual punishment, abolition", "title": "Where to Invade Next" }, { "docid": "5021322", "text": "Ojén (population 5.045) is a town and municipality that sits in the mountains behind Marbella in the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. Nearby cities include Mijas to the east, Marbella to the south, Istán to the west, and Monda and Coín to the north. Description Its name is oddly derived from an Arabic word, hoxán, meaning \"rough\" or \"bitter\" place, thus it is curious that the Moors should establish a settlement in a place they presumably did not care for. In common with other inland villages such as Istán, Ojén was spared the Christians' embargo on the Moors living too close to the sea after the Reconquest. The town is situated beside the Almadán stream above the valley of the River Real at an altitude of approximately 200 metres, hemmed in by the Sierra Blanca and the Sierra Alpujata. These may provide a clue to the Moors' determination to stay in spite of their apparent antipathy, for both ranges of mountains have long been known as rich sources of talc, nickel, iron and lead. This mineral wealth put the area in the forefront of the Spanish industrial revolution of the 19th century. Close by, in the Serranía de Ronda, is the Refugio de Juanar. Originally the private hunting lodge of the wealthy Larios family, and a favoured retreat of King Alfonso XIII, this is now a hotel popular with tourists and hunters. The Serranía is still very much a hunting reserve where ibex, wildcats and eagles abound. It is also a favourite with ramblers and hikers who come for the mountain air and the panoramic views of Marbella and the coast 1000 metres below. Ojen liqueur Ojén is famous for the production of Aguardiente de Ojén (es), or simply \"ojen\" (\"OH-hen\") as it is known in English, an anise liqueur that once played a major part in the town's economy. This liqueur, nowadays locally produced by the distillery company Dominique Mertens Impex. S.L., gained widespread fame abroad and is very popular in the city of New Orleans, Louisiana, especially during the Mardi Gras festivities. See also La Mairena is a green enclave, part of the village of Ojén References External links A Brief History of Ojen Discussion of the Ojen liqueur and its history and popularity in New Orleans, Louisiana Municipalities in the Province of Málaga", "title": "Ojén" }, { "docid": "4528964", "text": "John Moore (1763 – 6 December 1799) was an Irishman appointed in August 1798 \"President of the Government of the Province of Connacht\" by the commander of a French invasion force, General Humbert. Early life From Ashbrook, near Straide, County Mayo, John Moore was the son of a prosperous merchant, George Moore. He was educated at the Catholic school of Douai, and at the University of Paris under the assumed name of \"Bellew\". On his return to Ireland he studied for the bar but seems to have shown little interest in his studies. Appointment as president At the time of the Irish Rebellion of 1798 a force of 1,000 French soldiers under General Humbert landed at Killala. Moore joined the French, as did a considerable number of his tenants. After the Battle of Castlebar which took place on 27 August 1798, General Humbert, on 31 August 1798, issued the following decree, which inter alia appointed John Moore as the President of the Government of the Province of Connacht: The above decree refers to an Irish Republic, not a Republic of Connacht. Hence, strictly speaking, it appears to be incorrect to refer to any formal establishment of a Republic of Connacht or of John Moore being appointed its President. Instead, an Irish Republic had been proclaimed, and John Moore was appointed the President of one of its provinces, Connacht. Nevertheless, as civil or political appointments were not made for any other province of the short-lived 1798 Irish Republic, the Republic of Connacht is the name that has long been commonly used for that Irish Republic. Either way, the new republic was proclaimed by the French to increase their political and logistical support in Ireland. The general tasks with which Moore was entrusted as President are apparent from the above decree. However, the rebel Republic was a puppet state and was very short-lived (discussed below). The main problem for Moore was that the Irish Roman Catholic Hierarchy was vehemently opposed to French republicanism, whether from the Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution, or the French expulsion of Pope Pius VI earlier in 1798, that resulted in a short-lived \"Roman Republic\". Nevertheless, among the things which President Moore did have time to do was to issue \"paper money to a considerable extent...[i]n the name of the French Government\". Capture and trial In September 1798, just weeks after its proclamation, the Irish Royal Army mobilised westwards and the Republic was lost with defeat at the Battle of Ballinamuck. President Moore was captured in Castlebar by a Lieut.-Col. Crawford. From a letter dated 10 December 1798 from Lord Cornwallis to the Duke of Portland, it appears that President Moore was: \"taken a prisoner by His Majesty’s forces at Castlebar where he was found with a commission in his possession from the commander of the French invading army, under which commission he had acted and exercised authority under the enemy, being at war with our Sovereign Lord the King ...[and] he had continued to so", "title": "John Moore (Irish politician)" }, { "docid": "19755162", "text": "The Expulsion of the Moriscos () was decreed by King Philip III of Spain on April 9, 1609. The Moriscos were descendants of Spain's Muslim population who had been forced to convert to Christianity. Since the Spanish were fighting wars in the Americas, feeling threatened by the Ottomans raiding along the Spanish coast and by two Morisco revolts in the century since Islam was outlawed in Spain, it seems that the expulsions were a reaction to an internal problem of the stretched Spanish Empire. Between 1609 through 1614, the Crown systematically expelled Moriscos through a number of decrees affecting Spain's various kingdoms, with varying levels of success. Between 1492 and 1610 alone, about 3 million Muslims left or were expelled from Spain. Although initial estimates of the number expelled such as those of Henri Lapeyre range between 275,000 and 300,000 Moriscos (or 4% of the total Spanish population), the extent and actual success of the expulsion order in purging Spain of its Moriscos has been increasingly challenged by modern historians, starting with the seminal studies carried out by François Martinez (1999) and Trevor J. Dadson (2007). Dadson estimates that, out of a total Morisco population of 500,000, a figure accepted by many, around 40% avoided expulsion altogether and tens of thousands of those expelled managed to return. The places where the expulsion was particularly successful were the eastern Kingdom of Valencia, where Muslims represented the bulk of the peasantry and ethnic tension with the Christian, Catalan-speaking middle class was high; as a result, this region implemented the expulsion most severely and successfully, leading to the economic collapse and depopulation of much of its territory, worsened by the bubonic plague which hit Valencia only a few years later. The Kingdom of Aragon was, after Valencia, the part of the peninsula with the largest rate of expelled Moriscos and suffered the consequences as disastrously as Valencia, according to Henri Lapeyre. Of those permanently expelled, the majority eventually settled in the Barbary Coast (Maghreb), with around 30,000 to 75,000 people ultimately returning to Spain. Those who avoided expulsion or who managed to return to Spain merged into the dominant culture. The last mass prosecution against Moriscos for crypto-Islamic practices took place in Granada in 1727, with most of those convicted receiving relatively light sentences. By the end of the 18th century, indigenous Islam and Morisco identity were considered to have been extinguished in Spain. Background Suspicions and tensions between Moriscos, who were called New Christians, and the other Christians, who were called Old Christians, were high in some parts of Spain but practically nonexistent in others. While some Moriscos did hold influence and power, and even had positions in the clergy, others, particularly in Valencia and Aragon, were a source of cheap labour for the local aristocracy. Where sectarian conflict existed, Old Christian communities suspected the Moriscos of not being sincere in their Christianity. The Moors who remained Muslims were known as Mudéjar. Many of the Moriscos, in contrast, were devout in their", "title": "Expulsion of the Moriscos" }, { "docid": "61992268", "text": "Inside Out is a 2019 memoir by American actress Demi Moore. It was published on September 24, 2019, by Harper, an imprint of HarperCollins. In the memoir, Moore discusses her childhood, relationships and personal struggles. Background Moore had originally planned her memoirs to coincide with her 50th birthday in 2012. She centered the memoir around \"a fundamental question, which is, 'How did I get here?' Coming from where I've come from, how did I get here?\" she told People magazine. She said that writing the memoir was a necessary part of a longer process of rediscovering herself. \"I had to figure out why to do this, because my own success didn't drive me,\" Moore said. The book was co-written by journalist Ariel Levy. Synopsis The memoir begins with stories from Moore's tough upbringing, including her mother's first attempted suicide and the time Moore was raped at the age of 15. Moore's parents' battled with alcoholism. Moore recalled using her fingers to dig pills out of her mother's mouth, which was just the first of several suicide attempts her mother made before she died in 1998. Moore called this event as a life-changing moment that ended her childhood. She learned that the man she grew up calling dad, Danny Guynes (who later died by suicide), was not her biological father. Moore began her modeling career, when she worked with a photographer, who took nude photos. Moore's photos were taken when she was underage and the photos were sold to magazines in Japan. She eventually landed a contract with Elite Model Management. While filming No Small Affair, Moore revealed that she believed she had taken Jon Cryer's virginity during their time together on set. \"I played a young nightclub singer, and Jon Cryer played the nineteen-year-old photographer who falls in love with her, in his first movie role. Jon fell for me in real life, too, and lost his virginity to me while we were making that movie,\" she writes. Moore married musician Freddy Moore in 1980 and the marriage lasted for five years. She was 18 when they married and she cheated on him shortly before tying the knot. Once Moore was cast to star in St. Elmo's Fire, she was required to check into the Betty Ford clinic at age 21. Director Joel Schumacher and two of the producers of the movie had wanted to help her quit her alcohol and cocaine use so they had her admitted. \"If I'd had to give up the movie and go through the program to get sober for myself, I doubt I would have done it. I just didn't value myself enough for that. But with the film at stake, and this enormous support from Craig Baumgarten, Joel Schumacher, and his colleagues, who I didn't want to let down, I had something much bigger than me to fight for. And so I did,\" Moore writes. She was married to actor Bruce Willis from 1987 to 2000 and the couple had two weddings. Moore", "title": "Inside Out (Moore book)" }, { "docid": "36758088", "text": "Diego de Arana (1468 in Cordoba, Spain – 1493 in Haiti) was governor of the first documented Spanish settlement in the New World, at La Navidad. He was a sailor of Castile who accompanied Christopher Columbus on his first voyage to America, where Arana was killed by natives. Arana is described as a native of Córdoba in the journal of Columbus. The History of the Admiral by Ferdinand Columbus says Diego was the son of Rodrigo de Arana. He was a cousin of Beatriz Enriquez de Arana, who was the mistress of Christopher Columbus. Christopher Columbus background and connection In early 1486, Columbus was living in the court of King Ferdinand V and Queen Isabella I in Seville, Spain. Columbus was trying to convince them to finance his \"Enterprise of the Indies\", a far reaching expedition to reach the East by going West. Columbus knew the Canaries Current and hoped he could reach the Indias by taking advantage of this ocean phenomenon. The monarchs were interested in Columbus's idea but were focused on the war in Granada against the Moors. Columbus was given subsistence and allowed to stay at the monarchs' castle in Cordoba as they thought he might have an idea that would provide riches and spread Christianity. While waiting for a decision and another meeting with the royals, Columbus patronized a local apothecary shop operated by people from Genoa, Italy. Columbus is believed to have come from the Genoa area and is associated with doctors, physicians, surgeons, astronomers, scientists, and others who also patronized the Genoese pharmacy. There he also became friends with a young man, Diego de Arana. Diego had two orphaned cousins in the family's household, Beatriz Enríquez de Arana and her brother Pedro Enríquez de Arana. Diego introduced Beatriz, a 20 (or 21) year old woman to Columbus in 1487. At the time Columbus was 35. They became lovers and in August 1488 they had a son named Ferdinand Columbus (aka Hernando Colon). They never married. Diego's family, who adopted Beatriz, had a prosperous wine business. They may have helped Columbus with money for his expeditions. Voyage with Columbus When Columbus left for his first voyage to the New World, he took Diego with him on the Santa Maria as the master-at-arms. The Santa Maria ran aground off the present-day site of Cap-Haïtien, Haiti on December 25, 1492, and was lost. Realizing that the ship was beyond repair, Columbus ordered his men to strip the timbers from the ship. The timbers from the ship were later used to build Môle Saint-Nicolas, which was originally called La Navidad (Christmas) because the wreck occurred on Christmas Day. Following the sinking of the Santa Maria and the temporary loss of the Pinta, Columbus, who longed to return to Spain to announce his discoveries, chose to leave behind 36 men who did not fit in the Nina for the return trip. Along with Diego de Arana were his lieutenants: Gutierrez, baker of the king's bench, Ferdinand Segovia, and Rodrigo", "title": "Diego de Arana" }, { "docid": "50305891", "text": "The Aspe Valley (, ; ) is a valley in the French part of the Pyrenees, department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques. Geography It is one of the three valleys located in the historic region of upper Béarn, along with the Ossau Valley to the east and Barétous Valley to the west. The valley of Aspe stretches for 25 miles along the river Gave d'Aspe, roughly going from the town of Escot to the Spanish border where it meets the Aragon Valley, named after the Spanish river. Thirteen towns, or communes, are established in the valley. From the north to the south, these are: Escot, Lourdios-Ichère, Sarrance, Bedous, Osse-en-Aspe, Aydius, Accous, Lées-Athas, Lescun, Cette-Eygun, Etsaut, Borce and Urdos. Language The traditional dialect spoken in the valley is Gascon, a regional variety of Occitan language. History The region has been invaded by many groups through its history: Moors, Romans, Germanic tribes, as well as kingdoms in Spain. In 1620, the sovereign state of Béarn, in which the valley was located, was annexed by the kingdom of France. During the Peninsular War in 1808, the troops of Napoleon passed through the valley while invading Spain. References Valleys of France Landforms of Pyrénées-Atlantiques", "title": "Aspe Valley" }, { "docid": "2000477", "text": "Bubión is a village in Las Alpujarras region of Granada in Spain. It is located at latitude 36° 57' N, longitude 3° 21' W, at 1,350 metres above sea level. Its postal code is 18412. Together with Capileira (to the north) and Pampaneira (to the south) it has become a focus for the tourist trade in La Alpujarra, because of the spectacular location of the three villages on the gorge of the Río Poqueira and below the peaks of the Sierra Nevada. The three villages, with their characteristic Moorish features - narrow, winding streets, flat roofs - have been designated as a Conjunto Histórico Artístico, a region of special artistic and historical importance. Bubión is thought to have been founded in Roman times, and in any case it certainly antedates the Moorish invasion of the 7th century. Under the Moors, it was under the authority of Ugíjar. In the 16th century, after the fall of Granada to the \"Catholic Monarchs\", the village participated in the rebellions by the Moors (or \"Moriscos\" - Moors supposed to have been converted to Christianity). In the second rebellion, which started in December 1568, Bubión was one of the first villages of the Alpujarra to fall to the Catholic forces, after a major battle in the Poqueira valley. Following their defeat in 1571, almost all Moriscos were expelled from the province of Granada. They were partially replaced by Christian settlers from other parts of Spain. In the Spanish Civil War of 1936-39, Bubión and the other two villages of the Poqueira valley remained under Nationalist control, although Republican forces held the surrounding heights. The most prominent building is the village church, built in the 16th century and remodelled in the following century. It is a simple structure in the mudéjar style. In the census of 2001 Bubión's population was given as 610, consisting of 357 \"residents\" and 253 \"non-residents\" (i.e. with a home elsewhere). A substantial number of both categories did not hold Spanish nationality, the majority of them coming from other states of the European Union. The village had 170 tourist beds. The GR 7/E4 European long-distance footpath runs through Bubión. In addition a network of walking trails link the three white villages and the Poqueira Gorge, ascending into the Sierra Nevada and providing an approach to Mulhacén, the highest peak in continental Spain. Bubión is served by a bus route from the city of Granada through Órgiva, continuing up the Poqueira valley to Capileira; then on through Trevelez and some further villages. There are three buses a day in each direction by Alsina Graells plus an extra bus to Orgiva on market Thursday at 9am. A limited service is available from Motril to Orgiva. See also \"Bubión - the story of an Alpujarran village\", by Michael Tracy (Hermitage Book, 2013). \"\" - update of the former. References External links Visit Alpujarras: your holiday quide, travel information and rural accommodation - Bubión Discussion of village history and current issues GR7 route through the area", "title": "Bubión" }, { "docid": "75546798", "text": "The Bagaudae Revolt (409-417) was a violent conflict in the early 5th century, involving part of the population in northwestern Gaul. The uprising was an indirect result of the Rhine crossing in 405–406, through which various Germanic peoples invaded the Western Roman Empire, as well as the revolt of the army in Britannia and the resulting civil war. In the following period, the Gallic population largely had to rely on itself and formed self-defense groups, which were called Bagaudae. In mid-409, groups of Bagaudae in the Loire Valley and Brittany rebelled against the Roman regime. The course of this uprising has been briefly reported. Most of the information comes from the work of the Byzantine historian Zosimus (460-515), the Roman poet Rutilus Namatianus and the priest Salvianus from Marseille. Background On New Year's Eve 405/406, a coalition of Danube tribes: Alans, Vandals (Asdingen and Silingen) and Suevi broke through the defenses on the Rhine border and invaded the Gallic provinces. The Roman field army was not prepared for this, because part of the Gallic army was in Italy, where the Romans at that time had to fight heavily against the Goths in the war of Radagaisus. In many areas the invaders had free rein and the countryside was burned. The invaders also tried to conquer some of the most important cities. About the same time, or in consequence of conditions on the Continent, the army in Britannia revolted, across the Channel, and appointed a series of usurpers emperor, the last of whom was Constantine III. Constantine went to Gaul with most of the British garrison and by fighting and diplomacy he stabilized the situation there by binding the mass of Vandals, Alans and Suebi in northern Gaul. Eventually he established his power over Gaul and Hispania (modern Spain and Portugal), making Arles his capital. It took a long time for the Roman authorities in Ravenna to respond to the events. Finally, in 408, Emperor Honorius sent an army led by Sarus into Gaul and a struggle for power broke out. As a result of this civil war, the invaders were once again given free rein. The revolt Constantine's army managed to repel Sarus' attack and the usurper reached the height of his power in early 409. He controlled the entire Gallic prefecture and Honorius agreed to recognize him as co-emperor and appoint him honorary consul. Nevertheless, he neglected the hinterland because he did not put an end to the problem of the invaders. Commencement The population in Gallia Lugdunensis, the province where a large part of the invading peoples had settled, suffered enormously from all the hostilities. They were forced to feed the invaders and hand over their supplies without Constantine, whom they had to support with taxes, intervening. Encouraged by the example of the British who had expelled the Saxons themselves, the local population decided to expel the invaders on their own. They form armed groups to protect themselves. In traditions they are called Bagaudae, a name that was", "title": "Bagaudae Revolt" }, { "docid": "31595597", "text": "During the Middle Ages, Medieval Europe was engaged in constant warfare. European warfare during the Middle Ages was marked by a transformation in the character of warfare from antiquity, changing military tactics, and the role of cavalry and artillery. In addition to military, tactical and technological innovations during this period, chivalric military and religious ideals arose, giving motivation for engagement in the ceaseless warfare. In the Iberian Peninsula (particularly in Spain or future Spanish territories), chivalric ideals and institutions would be adopted and exercised with more fervour than anywhere else. Early Spanish chivalry Chivalry, or chivalric codes of manners and proper military engagement, is believed to have arrived in the Iberian Peninsula during the 10th century, in the context of the Reconquista. This was when Frankish knights, who were willing to fight the Muslim invaders of Iberia prior to the Crusades, appeared to protect pilgrims flocking to what was believed to be the tomb of the apostle James in Galicia. St. James himself was known and celebrated in Christianity as ‘the slayer of the Moors’, and the discovery of his body by Christians has been considered an igniting factor of the Reconquista. The Reconquista had begun under Alfonso II (791–842) and would last nearly 700 years as Christians attempted to drive Muslims out of the Iberian Peninsula. However, the in-statement of chivalric knightly orders and the chivalric ideals and codes of conduct weren’t present on the Iberian Peninsula until almost the second century of the Reconquista. In the context of the Reconquista, and the close proximity of Christian and Muslim populations, the atmosphere for the development of Knightly Orders was ripe, and in the subsequent centuries, chivalry flourished in Spain to a greater extent than in other Christian states. Chivalry in medieval Spain cannot be understood outside of the context of the military orders of knighthood. Historians are conflicted as to whether Spanish knights were directed more by royalty (such as the king of Castile or the king of Aragon), or by the Papacy. But there seems to be a consensus that the knights had obligations to both and an overarching allegiance to the Church, as both were in direct contact with knights (and often royalty were themselves, knights and crusaders). Some scholars have suggested that the later Spanish military Orders, like that at the fortress of Calatrava, pledged their loyalty primarily to their Kingdom, in this case Castile, but orders like the Templars or Hospitallers were more independent and not necessarily loyal to any kingdom consistently. The uniqueness of Spanish chivalry The Iberian Peninsula had multiple factors contributing to the strong chivalric ethos exemplified by Spanish knights. One determinate factor to the strong adoption of chivalric orders in Spain is the Reconquista, in which Christian kingdoms attempted to expel Muslims from the peninsula. The greatest foes of the Spanish knights were Muslims, who were not an imagined enemy but one deeply entrenched in reality and not as distant as the infidel, or enemy, was for the knights of France", "title": "Spanish chivalry" }, { "docid": "5336733", "text": "Hispanic and Latino American Muslims also known as Morisco Americans are Hispanic and Latino Americans who are of the Islamic faith. Hispanic and Latino Americans are an ethnolinguistic group of citizens of the United States with origins in Spain and Latin America. Islam is an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion teaching that there is only one God (Allah), and that Muhammad is the last messenger of God. The primary scriptures of Islam are the Quran, claimed to be the verbatim word of God, and the teachings and normative examples (called the sunnah, composed of accounts called hadith) of Muhammad. Muslims believe that Islam is the complete and universal version of a primordial faith that was revealed many times before through prophets including Adam, Abraham, Moses and Jesus, and the Quran in its Arabic to be the unaltered and final revelation of God. The Spaniards took the Roman Catholic faith to Latin America via imperialism and colonialism; Roman Catholicism continues to be the largest, but not the only, religious denomination among most Hispanics. In contrast, the Arabs took Islam to very few Latin American countries such as Mexico, El Salvador, Guatemala and Colombia via post-independence immigration. Reasons for conversion Some Latinos have argued that Islamic values harmonize with the traditional values of Latino culture. Converts have cited such similarities as respect for social solidarity, the family, the importance of religion, and education. Islam includes acceptance of tawhid (monotheism), and a belief that Muhammad is a messenger of God. This is the basis of the shahada, or declaration of faith. Many Latino converts come from Catholic backgrounds and the similarities between Catholicism and Islam give them a sense of familiarity with their new religion. However, some Latino Muslims had difficulty with the Church, believing in original sin, and in the Holy Trinity. Islam solves the problems many Latinos have with the Catholic Church. Fathi Osman, resident scholar at the Omar Foundation, says \"in their own countries Hispanics did not see the Church supporting the rights of the poor. Rather it sided with the rich and the influential.\" This, he argues, has contributed to some Latinos converting to Islam. In addition, Islam often draws in converts because of the nature of the religion is that a person has a direct relationship with God. One does not need a mediator, like a priest in Catholicism. There is a relative simplicity within Islam with structure and theology in this respect. Some Latino Muslims claim conversion to Islam as a return to their true heritage. Muslim Moors invaded Spain in 711 and their last stronghold fell in 1492. The process of conversion is instead often referred to as \"reversion\" due to it being the rediscovery and connection with a lost heritage and tie to Islam. Islam began to have a more significant influence on the Latino community in the barrios in the Northeast in the early 70s through converts being introduced to the religion in African-American mosques. Others made the connection through others who were affiliated with the", "title": "Hispanic and Latino American Muslims" }, { "docid": "76069032", "text": "The Necropolis of Argiñeta is a Middle Age cemetery located in Elorrio, Basque Country, Spain. The site is connected to the Hermitage of San Adrian, a building believed to be for Christian worship. The pieces of this necropolis are considered some of the earliest examples of Visigoth and Christian presence in the Basque Country. This site was added to Spain's cultural heritage register in 1931 (Bien de Interés Cultural). During the Middle Ages, the necropolis functioned as one of several others in the Duranguesado vicinity. During the late 19th century, nearby graves, in similar locations, were all centralized and moved to this location. Description The cemetery consists of 20 tombs dug out of stone, called sepulchers. There are also five stelas, acting as gravestones. Every object within the cemetery is carved from sandstone quarried in the Oiz Mountains. The individuals buried in these graves were likely from the upper class, as lower-class Pyrenean communities typically used simple open-earth burials. The sepulchers consist of two pieces. The first being the actual container for the deceased, which is anthropomorphically shaped. The second is the top of the container, shaped as a rounded triangular prism. One of the sarcophagi contains two inscriptions and is double the size, likely for a married couple. Four of the stelas feature a discoid shape, while the fifth is shaped more as a triangle. The discoid stelas are notable for their prominent oval heads, supported by slender necks that emphasize their distinctively human-like characteristics (de Buruaga Blázquez). Visigothic influence Across the Iberian Peninsula there are many cemetery sites containing similar sepulchers and stelas. Visigothic sites and cemeteries are abundant across Spain, reflecting the historical presence and influence of the Visigoths in the region. Spain was a secondary state for the Visigothic Kingdom which initially established their capital in France in the 5th century. However, penetrating into the Basque Country posed challenges for them (Álvarez-Busto). While they didn't establish long-term rule in the area, their presence left a significant mark, notably in the form of sepulchers and stelas, showcasing the enduring impact of their culture and practices on the region (Wood). One feature common in many of the necropolises throughout the Iberian Peninsula is the limestone (Camino). For example, at Los Villaricos in southern Spain, on the opposite side of the country, a Visigothic sarcophagus was discovered dated to the same period as the Necropolis of Argiñeta (Davis-Marks). Not only do the sepulchers feature a triangular shape, but also feature similar concentric geometric patterns. Along with the design of the coffins, both burial sites feature prominent Christian imagery (de Buruaga Blázquez). After King Reccared I converted to Christianity, as the Visigothic Kingdom moved into the Iberian Peninsula, Christians quickly became the majority until the 9th Century when the Moors invaded (López). This Christian imagery provides key insight into which groups were present in certain areas during certain periods. The Moors also had trouble invading the Basque Country shows which cultures were being used during pre and early Muslim control", "title": "Argiñeta Necropolis" }, { "docid": "3345304", "text": "Villabandín is a small hamlet, part of 15 or so that lead approximately 100 kilometers North-West from the city of León towards Villablino in Castile and León in north western Spain. It is made up of two parts with less than five residents living in one while the major part of the hamlet has a collection of houses, barns, a church, a bar (which remains shut for most of the year), and a dance hall that are cut through by a river with two bridges on opposing sides. The hamlet lies between two valleys at an altitude of over 1,000 metres above sea level. The population is thought to be less than 10 people, all over the age of 65. History The area where the hamlet lies is believed to have been invaded by the Moors. At the beginning of the twentieth century, fire caused destruction of much of the hamlet and it was renovated in 1902. Up until the 1980s it was inhabited by poor farmers who worked in the surrounding valleys herding sheep and cattle making a living from the land. Climate, Geography and Wildlife The climate is characterized by warm, sun-filled summers contrasting with cold, often snow-filled winters. During the winter months most of the elderly inhabitants actually leave to be looked after by next of kin. The surrounding countryside is mainly inhabited by Spanish broom Spartium junceum, their yellow flowers providing swathes of colour over the landscape during the spring months. The surrounding picturesque area has a mountainous topology and is home to the Alto de la Cañada, which is its highest peak at 2154 m above sea level. At these higher altitudes common heather Calluna vulgaris is the dominant vegetation and the extreme isolation and remoteness is an ideal habitat for the chamois Rupicapra rupicapra and birds such as the red-billed chough Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax and cinereous vulture Aegypius monachus. Below the tree line forests of oak Quercus and broom dominate, and in this habitat wild boar Sus scrofa and roe deer Capreolus capreolus are also present. People The festival of 'El Corpus' occurs in June, where people from the neighboring hamlets and town of Villablino come to celebrate. During the summer months the warmer weather brings in more people with generations of families returning for holidays. Media Villabandin has been the focus of 'The Dying Villages Project' by the Scottish writer/poet Tom Pow, which was featured in Guardian news outlet about the world's depopulating villages. After reading about it in the Edmonton Journal, Pow chose the hamlet as his first location to visit and write about. References Populated places in the Province of León", "title": "Villabandin" }, { "docid": "2369085", "text": "The Central Region (, ) or Central Portugal is one of the statistical regions of Portugal. The cities with major administrative status inside this region are Coimbra, Aveiro, Viseu, Caldas da Rainha, Leiria, Castelo Branco, Torres Vedras, Tomar, and Guarda. It is one of the seven Regions of Portugal (NUTS II subdivisions). It is also one of the regions of Europe, as given by the European Union for statistical and geographical purposes. Its area totals . As of 2011, its population totalled 2,327,026 inhabitants, with a population density of 82 inhabitants per square kilometre. History Inhabited by the Lusitanians, an Indo-European people living in the western Iberian Peninsula, the Romans settled in the region and colonized it as a part of the Roman Province of Lusitânia. The Roman town of Conímbriga, near Coimbra, is among the most noted and well-preserved remains of that period. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, Visigoths were the main rulers and colonizers from the 5th to the 8th century. In the 8th century, the Muslim conquest of Iberia turned the region a Muslim-dominated territory. In the earliest years of the Christian Reconquista, just before the rise of a Portuguese national identity, the region was a battle place between Christian crusaders and Muslim Moors. Once the Christian regained control, kings and landlords made the region a county, called the County of Coimbra. It was integrated into the newly created Condado Portucalensis, the early precursor of the modern nation of Portugal. The modern region matches up roughly with the boundaries of the historical Beira Province, as well as the Oeste in former Estremadura and Médio Tejo in former Ribatejo. Beira was an historical province of Portugal and its name was used by the heirs to the Portuguese throne during the monarchy period, before 1910. The princes were known as the Princes of Beira. Historic villages Along the region's mountainous border with Spain are a series of fortresses and castles that once protected the country from its many invaders. Over the centuries, Moors, Christians, Spaniards and Portuguese have all tried to take these villages, but their higher elevations usually gave them a distinct advantage. On that border, the more than one dozen fortified frontier villages beckon today's visitors to come explore a 900-year history — full of the heroism, epic battles and romance upon which Portugal struggled to become a nation. Today, Portugal boasts the longest-standing border in all of Europe.In these rural border villages, ancient rituals and religious festivals remain popular. Visitors can sample them and partake in the traditional foods of that area, such as cheese, sausages, and mountain honey. In the fortress town of Almeida, a walk through the narrow cobbled streets can lead a visitor to the ruins of a once mighty 12-pointed fortress. One of Portugal's many Pousadas— an historic property turned into an inn— is located in Almeida. In the town of Castelo Rodrigo, a memorial stone marks the place of a fierce battle in 1664, and visitors can view", "title": "Central Region, Portugal" }, { "docid": "13123348", "text": "Peligros is a municipality located in the province of Granada, Spain. According to the 2013 census (INE), the city has a population of 11,126 inhabitants. It is located next to Pulianas, Maracena, Albolote, Calicasas and Güevejar. It includes a small urbanization called Monteluz. Peligros is one of the fifty two entities that compose the Metropolitan Area of Granada. In 2013 it had 11,126 inhabitants. Its surface area is about 10 km² and it has population density of 1097.24 inhabitants per km². It is at an altitude of 680 meters above sea level, and is 5 km from the centre of Granada. History The name of the municipality comes from the word Paluculum, a Latin term of the Roman Empire. This word means \"place where you can find a lake with hazardous floods of water.\" Some centuries after, the Muslims (trying to reach the Northern part of Spain) transformed the place, and renamed it as \"Bericulos.\" Finally, the name was influenced in Peligros by the Spanish language. It is known that there were Roman settlements, and during the Muslim domination it was a farmstead from \"La Vega.\" In 1431, it was the site of the battle of \"La Higueruela\" between Christians and Muslims. Here, the army of Granada lost more than 10,000 men. After the ejection of the Moors, Peligros' population suffered a decline to a hundred of inhabitants, and its development took place during the 18th century. Population When the Reconquest finished and the settlement of the owners was normalized at their respective places, of the 20 families who returned to Peligros, 16 were of Muslim origin, the other 4 were Christians. Between the last decade of the 15th century and 1578, the population did not change. At the time the moors were expelled, there were only 5 families in the village, but 16 more settlers arrived. In 1578 the population was of 21 families with 84 total people. in the 17th century there were 57 vecinos, but in 1840 the population had increased by 200%, so 157 vecinos. Nowadays there is a population of 10,385 inhabitants, due to its proximity to the city of Granada, like many other towns in the metropolitan area, has become a \"dormitory town\", has been developed enough, both in population and infrastructure. 1.81% of the registered population is foreign (189 inhabitants), mostly from Morocco, although lately there are many Portuguese and Latin, mostly building workers. Its economy is mainly based on agriculture (oats, melons, olive oil) and trade (with 1,221 places) that employ about 1,080 employees. The labor market in 2006 recorded an unemployment rate of about 442 unemployed and about 5,339 contracts of which about 690 are undefined. Household disposable income per capita is between €9,300 and €10,200. Events On 19 April 1956, there was an earthquake in Albolote. Thirteen people died. Due to the proximity between both municipalities, Peligros also suffered. A general alarm was raised, objects fell down, and about 400 houses were affected to some extent. However, only 50 of", "title": "Peligros" }, { "docid": "5491972", "text": "Abulafia or Abolafia ( , or ; or ) is a Sephardi Jewish surname whose etymological origin is in the Arabic language. The family name, like many other Hispanic-origin Sephardic Jewish surnames, originated in Spain (Hebrew Sefarad) among Spanish Jews (Sephardim), during the time when it was ruled as Al-Andalus by Arabic-speaking Moors. The romanized version of the surname is most commonly Abolafia. Other variations also exist, mostly in English transliterations, including Aboulafia, Abolafia, Abouelafia, Aboulafiya, Abulafiya, Aboulafiyya and Abolafia. Etymology Etymologically, the surname is composed of the Arabic words: Abu or Abou ( ), literally \"father\" but also carrying the meaning \"owner\", al or el (), or simply l if the preceding word ends with a vowel, to which it attaches itself, is the definite article equivalent to \"the\", and Afiyya or Afia ( ), literally \"health, wellbeing\" but also carrying the meaning \"power\". Together they form Abou l-Afiyya or Abu l-Afia, rendered in Medieval Spanish as a single word, Abulafia, meaning \"Father [of] the Health/Wellbeing\" or \"Owner [of] the Power\". In actual practice, this surname was often originally rendered upon a medical doctor or pharmacist. History Moorish rule in the Iberian Peninsula, lasting some 800 years, is regarded as a tolerant period in its acceptance and co-existence between Christians, Muslims and Jews. The Jews of Spain were proficient in Mozarabic Spanish, Andalusian Arabic and the Andalusi variety of Hebrew. Thus, it was commonplace among Spanish Jews to use the Arabic language for secular names, including surnames, for use outside of the synagogue. Among prominent Abulafias in Spain were the kabbalists Todros ben Joseph Abulafia and Abraham Abulafia, the powerful Toledo rabbi Meir Abulafia, the poet Todros ben Judah Halevi Abulafia, and the royal treasurer Samuel ha-Levi, for whom the Synagogue of El Tránsito was built in Toledo; it remains one of the city's most beautiful monuments. After the Catholic Monarchs' successful Reconquista (reconquest of Spain) from the Moors in 1492, they then issued the Alhambra Decree expelling the Jews unless they converted to Catholicism; the penalty was death. With the decree, many Abulafias, like other non-converted Sephardim, left Spain and settled mostly in the Ottoman Empire, where the Turkish Muslim Ottoman sultan offered refuge. The surname did not entirely disappear in Spain itself, and there are still Spanish Catholics named Abolafio. Those Abulafias who left in 1492 and settled as Jews in Italy often became known as Abolaffio, Bolaffio and Bolaffi. The Abulafias – as with most other Sephardi expellees – settled mostly in the European portions of the Ottoman Empire, largely in what is today Thessaloniki, Greece and Istanbul, Turkey. This area is where the surname was most concentrated until later immigration to other parts of the Ottoman Empire, such as modern Tunisia and Rhodes. The Ottoman Empire collapsed following World War I, with Turkey becoming its successor state, and after World War II and the establishment of Israel, almost all the established Sephardic communities of the former Ottoman Empire moved to Israel, France and the United", "title": "Abulafia (surname)" }, { "docid": "177095", "text": "Lord Invader (Rupert Westmore Grant; 13 December 1914 – 15 October 1961) was a prominent calypsonian with a very distinctive, gravelly voice. He was born in San Fernando, Trinidad. He became active in calypso in the mid-1930s, and was considered a country bumpkin by his contemporaries, because of his humble beginning. It was Grant's tailor who gave him his moniker by commenting, \"I tell you, Rupert, you should call yourself Lord Invader so when you go up to the city you be invadin' the capital.\" With a new name, in 1937 he went to the capital city of Port of Spain and began his career in earnest. He competed in many calypso competitions (including the very first Calypso King competition) and recorded for RCA Bluebird. Lured by Decca Records, he travelled to New York City in 1941 with other calypsonians such as Roaring Lion and Atilla the Hun to make records and promote calypso music. He wrote many calypsos; his most famous lyrics, \"Rum and Coca-Cola\", were plagiarised by Morey Amsterdam and became a hit for the Andrews Sisters. Invader travelled to New York and sued, eventually winning compensation, although the final settlement allowed Amsterdam to retain his copyright. In the early 1940s, radio stations in the USA refused to play his own version on the grounds of its using the trademarked name, Coca-Cola, and its references to prostitution and alcohol. He stayed in New York for a few years because of the lengthy court case. During his tenure in New York City, he became a fixture in the local calypso scene and recorded many tracks for Moses Asch. Eventually, he won his court case, but did not receive his settlement check for seven years, so he returned to Trinidad in the meantime. He opened a calypso club there and penned and recorded many original songs. He is often credited with writing \"Zombie Jamboree\", although the song was actually written by Lord Intruder (Winston O'Conner), who released it on the B-side of his 1953 single \"Disaster with Police\". It was covered by Conrad Eugene Mauge Jr, who recorded it in 1959 and was also often credited for writing it. The confusion probably stems from the introduction of the version by the Kingston Trio, which mentions \"Lord Invader and his Twelve Penetrators\". At long last, Invader collected his money from his court case, and began to tour the U.S., later expanding to Britain and Europe. In the last half of 1958, he returned to New York City and continued recording for Moses Asch. He continued to return to his homeland for business and pleasure, although he had, with Wilmoth Houdini, made himself one of America's most successful calypsonians. On 15 October 1961, Lord Invader died at a Brooklyn, New York hospital. The following discs give a good idea of his work: Calypso in New York (Smithsonian Folkways 40454), released in 2000, is a collection of Invader's recordings across his whole career. Calypso at Midnight and Calypso After Midnight come from a", "title": "Lord Invader" }, { "docid": "35880", "text": "Year 169 (CLXIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Senecio and Apollinaris (or, less frequently, year 922 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 169 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire Marcomannic Wars: Germanic tribes invade the frontiers of the Roman Empire, specifically the provinces of Raetia and Moesia. Northern African Moors invade what is now Spain. Marcus Aurelius becomes sole Roman Emperor upon the death of Lucius Verus. Marcus Aurelius forces his daughter Lucilla into marriage with Claudius Pompeianus. Galen moves back to Rome for good. China Confucian scholars who had denounced the court eunuchs are arrested, killed or banished from the capital of Luoyang and official life during the second episode of the Disasters of Partisan Prohibitions, which does not formally end until 184 with the onslaught of the Yellow Turban Rebellion. By topic Religion Pertinax succeeds Alypius as bishop of Byzantium. Theophilus of Antioch becomes patriarch of Antioch. Arts and sciences Lucian demonstrates the absurdity of fatalism. Births Jingū, Japanese empress and regent (d. 269) Zhang Liao, Chinese general (d. 222) Deaths January 23 – Lucius Verus, Roman emperor (b. 130) September 10 – Marcus Annius Verus, Roman co-ruler Alypius, bishop of Byzantium (approximate date) Li Ying, Chinese scholar and politician References als:160er#169", "title": "169" }, { "docid": "300083", "text": "The siege of Chaves refers to the French siege and capture of Fort São Francisco and the town of Chaves, Portugal from 10 to 12 March 1809, and the subsequent siege and recapture of the fort by Portuguese forces from 21 to 25 March 1809, during the second French invasion of Portugal in the Peninsular War. French invasions (1807-1811) Portugal suffered three invasions by French forces during the Peninsular War. The northern region of Trás-os-Montes, as all the country, had succumbed to the Napoleonic regency of Jean-Andoche Junot. As soon as news came of the disembarkation of the British in Portuguese Estremadura, the rebellion broke out. Bragança, and soon after Chaves, proclaimed liberation. Napoleon, worried about what was happening in Spain and upset with the failure of the expedition of his forces, decided to come personally to the Peninsula, in whose submission he would eventually invest 300,000 men. The British, who had disembarked in 1807 in Galicia under the command of General John Moore, did not surpass 30,000 in number. With his customary mobility, Napoleon multiplied himself, divided and destroyed the British and the Spanish in quick and precise blows. He ordered Jean-de-Dieu Soult to pursue the British in Galicia. Moore's army was defeated and hounded across the mountains of Lugo; the British general himself was killed during the final combats around the bay of Coruña, where the remnants of his forces re-embarked. Some months later, the same Soult received orders to invade Portugal from the North and expel the British from Portuguese soil. The carrying out of order was, however, strongly impeded by the winter, which had made the Minho River almost impassable, and by the resistance of Portuguese forces located between Cerveira and Valença. Then General Soult decided to go around the mountainous border of the Upper Minho and cross the drywall of Trás-os-Montes. His forces numbered around 23,000 men (among them 4,000 on horse) and 50 artillery pieces. Some of these troops were experienced since they had participated in the battles of Friedland and Austerlitz. The border was crossed on 7 March 1809. Attack on Chaves The defense of the border of Trás-os-Montes was in the hands of brigadier Francisco Silveira, whose forces, numbering 2,800 regular troops, 2,500 militia, and only 50 cavalry, were concentrated around the stronghold of Chaves. The fortifications, which were in bad conditions, were protected by 50 pieces of artillery, but with only a few of them fit for service, were commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Francisco Pizarro. After initial skirmishes near the border, the Portuguese forces retreated to Chaves, and then Silveira ordered the stronghold to be abandoned. This decision caused great unrest among the militias and the population. Prudently, the brigadier led his forces south, avoiding any risk against the superior forces. Pressured by the people and the militias, Lieutenant Colonel Francisco Pizarro disobeyed orders and accepted the command of the popular forces, preparing to resist the invading forces with 500 troops (1st line), 2,000 militias (2nd line) and 1,200 ordenanças (3d", "title": "Siege of Chaves" }, { "docid": "75921775", "text": "The Sino-Spanish conflicts were a series of conflicts between the Spanish Empire and the Qing Dynasty between the 16th and 18th centuries over control of the Philippine islands. History Origin of the conflict The Moro Sultanate of Sulu wanted to become a protectorate of China because of the Spanish Empire, but the ethnic Manchu Kangxi Emperor opposed fighting Spain and rejected this proposal. Han Chinese Southern Ming commander Koxinga and his son Zheng Jing threatened to invade the Spanish Philippines in retaliation for the Sangley Massacre (1662), forcing the Spanish to permanently lose their Maluku Islands colony and withdraw from Mindanao's Zamboanga Peninsula for decades. In the 18th century 4,000 Han joined the Moros to fight the Spanish and Han merchants shipped guns to the Moros in the late 19th century. Koxinga's death stopped his planned invasion of the Spanish Philippines, but his son Zheng Jing forced Spain to pay tribute to him in Taiwan and to grant him extrajudicial rights over the Chinese community in Manila, and forbade the Spanish to proselytise their religion to Chinese. Spanish Governor-General Manuel de León and Queen-Regent Mariana were unable to resist him as Zheng Jing prepared to invade himself. China did not threaten the Spanish Empire or Spanish interests. Philip IV of Spain therefore saw no reason to attack it and upset a fragile that he sought to maintain. The Spanish garrison in Manila was in terrible condition and both the English and Dutch East India companies said that if Zheng Jing had followed through with his planned invasion in 1671 after the monsoon season, he would have won. On July 27, 1713, the tribunal, acting in a legislative capacity, decreed that within thirty days \"all Moros, Armenians, Malabars, Chinese and other enemies of the Holy Faith\" should be lodged in the Parián when visiting Manila, or when living there temporarily for purposes of visit or trade. Penalties were also prescribed for infractions. Gomez was killed by the 250 Chinese rowers he forced to row his galley in 1593. Chinese-Spanish friction began with the Chinese rebellion of P'an Ho Wu in 1593, according to the Ming Annals. After the assassination of the governor, the Chinese crew took possession of the ship and its valuables and proceeded to Annan. Lei Mao Lin (Luis Pérez Dasmariñas), son of Gomez, went to China to ask indemnity for the murder of his father, but did not get any satisfaction. 1603 revolt In 1603 three Chinese mandarins arrived in Manila, saying they had been sent by the emperor267 to investigate a report of a mountain of gold in Cavite. The Spaniards were distrustful, suspecting these men of coming to spy out the situation and fortifications of the city, and thought that the story of the mountain of gold was merely a ruse for trying to find out how easily Manila could be taken. So alarmed were government officials that after the mandarins left they took measures to improve their defenses. These preparations in turn aroused the suspicions", "title": "Sino-Spanish conflicts" }, { "docid": "411091", "text": "The golden age of Jewish culture in Spain, which coincided with the Middle Ages in Europe, was a period of Muslim rule during which, Jews were generally accepted in society and Jewish religious, cultural, and economic life flourished. The nature and length of this \"Golden Age\" has been debated, as there were at least three periods during which non-Muslims were oppressed. A few scholars give the start of the Golden Age as 711–718, the Muslim conquest of Iberia. Others date it from 912, during the rule of Abd al-Rahman III. The end of the age is variously given as 1031, when the Caliphate of Córdoba ended; 1066, the date of the Granada massacre; 1090, when the Almoravids invaded; or the mid-12th century, when the Almohads invaded. Historiography and nature of Golden Age Having invaded southern Spain and coming to rule in a matter of seven years, Islamic rulers were confronted with many questions relating to the implementation of Islamic rule of a non-Islamic society. The coexistence of Muslims, Jews, and Christians during this time is revered by many writers. Al-Andalus was a key center of Jewish life during the early Middle Ages. María Rosa Menocal, a specialist in Iberian literature at Yale University, claims that \"tolerance was an inherent aspect of Andalusian society\". Menocal's 2003 book, The Ornament of the World, argues that the Jewish dhimmis living under the Caliphate were allowed fewer rights than Muslims but were still better off than in the Christian parts of Europe. Jews from other parts of Europe made their way to al-Andalus, where in parallel to Christian sects regarded as heretical by Catholic Europe, they were not just tolerated, but where opportunities to practise faith and trades were open without restriction save for the prohibitions on proselytisation and, sometimes, on synagogue construction. Bernard Lewis takes issue with this view, calling it ahistorical and exaggerated. He argues that Islam traditionally did not offer equality or even pretend that it did and argues that it would have been both a \"theological as well as a logical absurdity.\" However, he also states: Mark R. Cohen, Professor of Near Eastern Studies at Princeton University, in his Under Crescent and Cross, calls the idealized interfaith utopia a \"myth\" that was first promulgated by Jewish historians such as Heinrich Graetz in the 19th century as a rebuke to Christian countries for their treatment of Jews. This myth was met with the \"counter-myth\" of the \"neo-lachrymose conception of Jewish-Arab history\" by Bat Ye'or and others, which also \"cannot be maintained in the light of historical reality\". Birth of the Golden Age Prior to 589, the Jewish population of Spain was tolerated by its Arian Visigoth rulers and placed on equal footing with the other ethnic and religious communities of the region. The Arians may have preferred the Jewish population to the Catholic one, as they did not fear political enmity from the Jews. The Visigoths were mainly indifferent towards Jews and allowed them to grow and prosper. After the Visigoths", "title": "Golden age of Jewish culture in Spain" }, { "docid": "14603821", "text": "The history of Alicante spans thousands of years. Alicante has been regarded as a strategic military location on the Mediterranean coast of Spain since ancient times. It is protected on the southwest by Cape Santa Pola and on the southeast by Cape Huerta. The fortified complex of Santa Bárbara Castle (), the older parts of which were built in the 9th century, dominates the city from a height of 160 m atop Mount Benacantil, a rocky massif overlooking the sea. The first settlements in the Alicante area were made by Iberian tribes. Since then it has been inhabited successively by Phoenicians, Greeks, Romans, Goths, Moors, and Spaniards. Some of the earliest settlements were made on the slopes of Mount Benacantil, where the Santa Bárbara Castle stands today. As a part of the Roman province of Hispania under the name '\"Lucentum\", it was ruled by the Roman Republic and later the Roman Empire. Antiquity Phoenician trading city Phoenician traders began commercial exchanges with the native Iberians of the eastern coast of Spain in the 8th century BC. and had established coastal settlements as far north as the lower River Segura valley in the province of Alicante. By the 7th century BC Phoenicians were introducing the Phoenician alphabet, iron working and the pottery wheel to the Iberians. During the 6th century BC Phocaean Greeks established small trading ports on the coast, Recent excavations of a small, native Iberian coastal trading center at La Picola (Santa Pola) in Alicante province reveal enough Greek architectural elements to suggest a Greek presence at the site. The Phoenicians founded a trading post at Tossal de Manises, while a settlement at La Fonteta, 28 km south of Alicante, was one of the most important Phoenician cities in the western Mediterranean. It was situated on the right bank of the River Segura estuary on the coast, a strategic position that permitted it to control trade and access to the region's mineral resources through connections it maintained with native Iberian communities. The habitation is surrounded by a defensive wall, punctuated by towers, dating from approximately the first half of the 8th century to the middle of the 6th century BC. Carthaginian rule By the last years of the 6th century BC, the rival armies of Carthage and Rome began to invade and fight for control of the Iberian Peninsula. The Carthaginian general Hamilcar Barca carried out his Iberian conquests in 237–228 BC, and established the fortified settlement of Ákra Leukḗ, or Akra Leuce, (Greek: , meaning \"White Citadel\" or \"White Promontory\"), at the eastern end of the Punic province on the south-eastern coast of Spain, where Alicante stands today. The material culture evidenced by objects found in the cemeteries at Tossal de les Basses and La Albufereta shows the cultural expressions of people with different cultural backgrounds sharing a common urban space to pursue economic development. This would explain why the settlements at Tossal les Basses and Illeta dels Banyets appear to be well-connected to trade routes on the", "title": "History of Alicante" }, { "docid": "810940", "text": "Louis of Nassau (Dutch: Lodewijk van Nassau, January 10, 1538 – April 14, 1574) was the third son of William I, Count of Nassau-Siegen and Juliana of Stolberg, and the younger brother of Prince William of Orange Nassau. Louis was a key figure in the revolt of the Netherlands against Spain and a strongly convinced Calvinist, unlike his brother William, whom he helped in various ways, including by arranging the marriage between him and his second wife Anna of Saxony. In 1569 William appointed him governor of the principality of Orange, giving him an indisputable position in French politics. The Compromise In 1566 he was one of the leaders of the league of lesser nobles who signed the \"Compromis des Nobles\". The Compromise was an open letter, in the form of a petition, to King Philip II of Spain stating that he should withdraw the Inquisition in the Netherlands. On April 5, 1566, with the following of two hundred horsemen, the Compromise was presented to the regent Margaret of Austria. During this audience one of her councilors, count Charles of Berlaymont, tried to calm her nerves with the words \"Quoi, Madame. Peur de ces gueux?\" \"What Madame, afraid of these beggars?\". It was from this moment on that the opponents of King Philip's policy proudly took the name Beggars (Les Gueux, Geuzen) as their own. Battle of Heiligerlee With the coming of Alva, Louis and his brother William withdrew from the Netherlands. From outside they gathered an army and in 1568, with the help of French Huguenots, they were able to invade from three sides. Louis and his younger brother Adolf would enter the northern Netherlands through Friesland, Jean de Villers entered the southern provinces between the Rhine and the Meuse and the Huguenots would invade Artois. The Army under Louis's command would eventually be the only one to gain a victory. Jean de Villers and his troops were captured two days after they crossed the Meuse, while the Huguenots were attacked and defeated by French royal troops at St. Valery. Jean de Villers eventually betrayed the entire campaign and the sources of the war-treasury to his interrogators. Louis entered Friesland on April 24, to which Alva responded by sending an army under the command of Jean de Ligne, Duke of Aremberg. The Spaniards had an inferior force, and Aremburg wanted to wait for reinforcements from the Count of Meghem, but he was late in coming and Aremberg's men were mutinous and pressured him to offer battle. The two armies met at Heiligerlee on May 23, where Louis ambushed the Spanish troops. Louis won the army the Battle of Heiligerlee but his younger brother Adolf fell in the battle. Battle of Jemmingen Although William wanted Louis to retreat to Delfzijl, Louis remained in Groningen, where he met the much smaller army led by Alva himself (2,000 Spaniards against 12,000 Protestants). Louis fell back towards Jemmingen where, on July 21, 1568, the battle raged for three hours until Alva's army drove", "title": "Louis of Nassau" }, { "docid": "34860", "text": "It is one of eight years (CE) to contain each Roman numeral once (1000(M)+500(D)+100(C)+(-10(X)+50(L))+(-1(I)+5(V)) = 1644). Events January–March January 22 – The Royalist Oxford Parliament is first assembled by King Charles I of England. January 26 – First English Civil War: Battle of Nantwich – The Parliamentarians defeat the Royalists, allowing them to end the 6-week siege of the Cheshire town. January 30 Dutch explorer Abel Tasman departs from Batavia in the Dutch East Indies (modern-day Jakarta in Indonesia) on his second major expedition for the Dutch East India Company, to map the north coast of Australia. Tasman commands three ships, Limmen, Zeemeeuw and Braek, and returns to Batavia at the beginning of August with no major discoveries. Battle of Ochmatów: Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth forces under hetman Stanisław Koniecpolski secure a substantial victory over the horde of Crimean Tatars under Tugay Bey. February 5 – The first livestock branding law in America is passed in Connecticut. March 24 – Roger Williams is granted an official grant for his Rhode Island Colony from the Parliament of England, allowing the establishment of a general assembly. April–June April 18 – Opchanacanough leads the Powhatan Indians in an unsuccessful uprising against the English at Jamestown. Although 300 of the English colonists are slain, the settlers pursue Opchanacanough, who is imprisoned in Jamestown for the rest of his life. This is the last such Indian rebellion in the region. April 25 – A popular Chinese rebellion led by Li Zicheng sacks Beijing, prompting Chongzhen, the last emperor of the Ming dynasty, to commit suicide. May 6 – Johan Mauritius resigns as Governor of Brazil. May 25 – Ming general Wu Sangui forms an alliance with the invading Manchus and opens the gates of the Great Wall of China at Shanhaiguan Pass, letting the Manchus through towards the capital Beijing. May 26 – Battle of Montijo: The Kingdom of Portugal is victorious over Habsburg Spain, in the first major action between the two nations during the Portuguese Restoration War. May 27 – Battle of Shanhai Pass: The Manchu Qing dynasty and Wu Sangui gain a decisive victory over Li Zicheng's Shun dynasty. June 3 – Li Zicheng proclaims himself emperor of China. June 6 – The invading Qing army, with the help of Ming general Wu Sangui, captures Beijing in China, marking the beginning of Manchu rule over China proper. June 11 – During the English Civil War, Prince Rupert and his men take Liverpool Castle. Liverpool is later reclaimed by Sir John Moore. July–September July 1 – Torstenson War: Battle of Colberger Heide – The Dano-Norwegian and Swedish fleets fight a naval battle off the coast of Schleswig-Holstein. The battle is indecisive but represents a minor success for the Dano-Norwegian fleet. July 2 – English Civil War: Battle of Marston Moor – The Parliamentarians crush the Royalists in Yorkshire, ending Charles I's hold on the north of England. September 1 – English Civil War: Battle of Tippermuir – Montrose defeats Lord Elcho's Covenanters, reviving the Royalist", "title": "1644" }, { "docid": "34113473", "text": "Count Julian () is a 1970 novel by the Spanish writer Juan Goytisolo. The title refers to Julian, count of Ceuta. The book was published in Mexico by Editorial Joaquín Mortiz. It is the second installment in the Álvaro Mendiola trilogy, which also includes Marks of Identity and Juan the Landless. Don Julián (a mythical figure) is one of the villains of traditional Spanish history, who facilitated the Moorish (Islamic) conquest of Spain in the eighth century, to avenge the alleged sexual abuse of one of his daughters by Rodrigo, the last Visigothic king. Goytisolo's title proclaims that this book intends to defend or vindicate Don Julián: that we should celebrate what he did, rather than condemn him. The book is often characterized as anti-Catholic and anti-Spanish, at least of Spain as it viewed and celebrated itself during the Francoist State. (Until Francisco Franco's death in 1975, the novel could not be published in Spain.) The Roman philosopher Seneca, a national hero, is singled out for particularly harsh criticism and satire. In an amusement park the narrator enters a large model of the vagina of Isabel la Católica, Spain's most Catholic queen. He delights in Don Julián's facilitating the rape of Spanish virgins by the invading Moors. At one point he considers how to infect the whole country with syphilis. The protagonist, who lives in Morocco (as did Goytisolo), seeks revenge on Spain, the country that cast him out, by destroying its literature, religion, cultural beliefs, myths, and language. Mario Vargas Llosa said that Count Julian is \"the most moving of Goytisolo's works.\" See also 1970 in literature Spanish literature References 1970 novels Novels by Juan Goytisolo Spanish-language novels 20th-century Spanish novels", "title": "Count Julian (novel)" }, { "docid": "434325", "text": "Athanagild ( 517 – December 567) was Visigothic King of Hispania and Septimania. He had rebelled against his predecessor, Agila I, in 551. The armies of Agila and Athanagild met at Seville, where Agila met a second defeat. Following the death of Agila in 554, he was sole ruler for the rest of his reign. Roger Collins writes that Athanagild's reign \"is perhaps more significant than our sources may care to let us believe.\" Collins argues that the account of Isidore of Seville may be colored by the hostility subsequent Visigothic kings had towards Athanagild and his descendants. The Roman invasion During the conflict between the two, a Roman force sent by Justinian seized control of a large portion of Hispania Baetica (Andalusia). The pretext for their arrival is unclear. Peter Heather states that Jordanes implies that Agila had summoned them. Isidore of Seville offers two conflicting stories: in the section on Agila, the Goths surrounding him killed him out of fear \"that Roman soldiers might invade Spain on the pretext of giving help\"; while in the following section Isidore states Athanagild had asked Justinian for his help, but once they arrived in Spain \"he was unable to remove them from the territory of the kingdom despite his efforts.\" Collins notes that \"in both of the emperor Justinian's other western interventions, Africa in 533 and Italy in 535, he came in ostensibly to uphold the rights of legitimate monarchs against usurpers\", thus agreeing with Jordanes' version of the events. Although Athanagild recovered a few cities, the Romans held most of their conquest, which was organized as the province of Spania, long after the end of his reign. It is unclear the exact area this province covered. J. B. Bury states that it \"comprised districts and towns to the west as well as to the east of the Straits of Gades\" and included the cities of New Carthage (Cartagena), Corduba (Córdoba), and Assidonia. Peter Heather, while agreeing it included New Carthage and Assionia, is dubious about Corduba, and is certain Málaga, and Sagontia were included. Collins agrees that Corduba did not come under Roman control, nor did the Guadalquivir valley, stating that their principal strongholds were Medina Sidonia, Málaga and New Carthage. Athanagild died of natural causes in Toledo, according to Isidore, then, after an interregnum of five months, Liuva I became king. Dynastic alliances His queen, Goiswintha, gave him two daughters — Brunhilda and the murdered Galswintha — who were married to two Merovingian brother-kings: Sigebert I of Austrasia and Chilperic, king of the Neustrian Franks. Although Gregory of Tours states the reasons for this were that Sigebert disdained the prevalent practice of \"taking wives who were completely unworthy of them\", and sought the beautiful and cultured Brunhilda, while Chilperic married her sister out of sibling rivalry, Ian Wood points out that the circumstances and the scale of the morgengab suggest that the situation was more complex. \"Athanagild had no sons. By marrying two daughters to Frankish kings, he may", "title": "Athanagild" }, { "docid": "76269009", "text": "The Portuguese–Castillian war of 1250–1253 was a military conflict which involved the Portuguese Crown against the Crown of León and Castile for possession of the Algarve. History Portugal had been involved in the reconquest of territory from the Moors for several centuries. In 1238, King Denis I occupied Aiamonte and, in 1249, King Afonso III concluded the conquest of the Algarve with a military campaign in which he took the last cities still under Muslim power, namely Faro, Albufeira, Loulé, Porches and Aljezur. Most of the Algarve had been conquered by the knights of the Order of Santiago. After the conquest of Faro, King Afonso III did not give that city to the Order of Santiago, possibly to limit the influence of the swordsmen in the Algarve, but rather handed over his mayorship to Estevão Pires de Tavares, a supporter of the king who had participated in the attack. Aben Mafom, emir of the Algarve, had become a vassal and tributary of the king of Castile, Fernando III, who, for this reason considered the territory to belong to him and in 1250 invaded it. In 1251, Afonso III of Portugal crossed Guadiana and occupied the Muslim villages of Aroche and Aracena. Alfonso X of Castile, in turn, attacked Alcoutim and besieged Tavira. A truce was then negotiated between Fernando III and Afonso III, but king Fernando died in 1252 and his son, Afonso contested ownership of the Algarve. It is possible that this was why in November, Afonso X settled in Badajoz, close to the Portuguese border, and his troops invaded the Algarve. News of the war between Portugal and Castile reached Rome and in January 1253 Pope Innocent IV intervened to pressure the two kings to negotiate peace, even though he recognized Portugal's rights to possession of the Algarve. It was agreed that Afonso III would marry Beatriz, bastard daughter of Afonso X. Portugal would exercise sovereignty over the Algarve and the territory east of the Guadiana, but the usufruct would fall to Castile until a son of Afonso III turned seven. King Afonso III was, however, already committed to Countess Matilde of Bologna, who protested, but died in 1258, thus leaving the issue naturally resolved. The issue of possession of the Algarve was resolved in 1267 through the signing of the Treaty of Badajoz between Portugal and Castile. Aroche, Aracena and Aiamonte would be handed over to Castile upon signing the Treaty of Alcanizes, in exchange for other villages in the region. See also Military history of Portugal Portugal in the Middle Ages Portuguese conquest of the Algarve References Battles involving Portugal Battles involving Spain Wars involving Portugal Wars involving Spain Reconquista 13th-century conflicts Military history of Portugal Military history of Spain History of the Algarve", "title": "Portuguese–Castillian war of 1250–1253" }, { "docid": "632938", "text": "General Sir William Francis Patrick Napier KCB (7 December 178512 February 1860) was a British soldier in the British Army and a military historian. Early life Napier was born at Celbridge, County Kildare, the third son of Colonel George Napier (1751–1804) and his wife, Lady Sarah Lennox (1745–1826). Military service He became an ensign in the Royal Irish Artillery in 1800, but at once exchanged into the 62nd, and was put on half-pay in 1802. He was afterwards made a cornet in the Royal Horse Guards by the influence of his uncle the duke of Richmond, and for the first time did actual military duty in this regiment, but he soon fell in with Sir John Moore's suggestion that he should exchange into the 52nd, which was about to be trained at Shorncliffe Army Camp. Through Sir John Moore he soon obtained a company in the 43rd, joined that regiment at Shorncliffe and became a great favourite with Moore. He served in Denmark, and was present at the engagement of Koege (Køge), and, his regiment being shortly afterwards sent to Spain, he bore himself nobly through the retreat to Corunna, the hardships of which permanently impaired his health. In 1809 he became aide-de-camp to his cousin the Duke of Richmond, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, but joined the 43rd when that regiment was ordered again to Spain. With the light brigade (the 43rd, 52nd, and 95th), under the command of General Craufurd, he marched to Talavera in the famous forced march which he has described in his History, and had a violent attack of pleurisy on the way. He, however, refused to leave Spain, was wounded on the Coa, and shot near the spine at Cazal Nova. His conduct was so conspicuous during the pursuit of Masséna after he left the lines of Torres Vedras that he as well as his brother George was recommended for a brevet majority. He became Brigade Major, was present at Fuentes d'Onoro, but had so bad an attack of fever that he was obliged to return to England. In England he married his cousin Caroline Amelia Fox, daughter of General, the Honourable Henry Fox and niece of the statesman Charles James Fox. They had a number of children, one of whom, Pamela Adelaide Napier, married Philip William Skynner Miles and had a son, Philip Napier Miles. Another daughter, Louisa Augusta Napier, married General Sir Patrick Leonard MacDougall who, after her death, married Marianne Adelaide Miles, a sister of Philip William Skynner Miles. Three weeks after his marriage he again started for Spain, and was present at the storming of Badajoz, where his great friend Colonel McLeod was killed. In the absence of the new Lieutenant-Colonel he took command of the 43rd regiment (he was now a substantive Major) and commanded it at the Salamanca. After a short stay at home he again joined his regiment at the Pyrenees, and did his greatest military service at the Nivelle, where, with instinctive military insight, he secured the", "title": "William Francis Patrick Napier" }, { "docid": "4707243", "text": "Between 1612 and 1687, Bermuda had a series of militias under the Virginia Company, the Somers Isles Company, and the British Crown. In 1687, the first Militia Act was enacted. Spain had claimed the entirety of the New World, including Bermuda, for itself, and, notwithstanding the Pope's dividing South America between it and Portugal, it ruthlessly sought to prevent other European nations, especially England, establishing a foothold, even in, North America which the Spanish had largely avoided themselves. England's first two attempts at settling the Chesapeake had come under threat from Spanish forces ordered out from Florida to destroy them. What fate ultimately befell those two colonies is unclear, but the third established, Jamestown, spent its first years teetering on the same knife-edge between the threats of the Spanish, the Native nations, starvation, and disease. Bermuda, also, was subject to Spanish threat. Colonised by the Virginia Company, accidentally, in 1609, the first settlers arrived under Governor Richard Moore in 1612. Moore's first concern was the defence of the colony against an attack that was thought imminent. He oversaw the start of the fortifications built around Castle Harbour and the Town of St. George's. A militia was raised to man the artillery in these fortifications. The majority of the settlers were indentured - tenant farmers, who would hand most of their produce to the company in exchange for the cost of their transportation to Bermuda. The company reduced by a quarter the payments to be made by those settlers who volunteered for the militia. Although Spain never acted on its threat to destroy the English settlement, a Spanish vessel did arrive off of Castle Harbour, not long after settlement. The vessel turned and fled after the firing of warning shots by the militia. According to popular accounts, the warning shots had left only enough powder for one more shot. Under Moore's replacement, Governor Nathaniel Butler, 1619–1622, the detachment at each of the forts was re-organized to include several militia men under a trained artillery captain. Also, each of the parishes was responsible to raise a company of volunteers, and to build a store-house for weapons and grain. Each militia man was provided with a sword and a musket, with all of the muskets required to be of a common bore. The end of Butler's Governorship coincided with the Virginia Company's loss of its Royal Charter for the administration of Virginia (North America). The company was dissolved in 1624, and The Crown assumed its responsibilities for the continental settlement. Bermuda, or the Somers Isles, to use the Colony's other official name, however had been administered by a separate company, formed by the same share-holders, since 1615. Titled The Somers Isles Company, it continued to operate Bermuda as a commercial venture until it, too, was dissolved by King Charles II in 1684. This had profound effects on Bermuda, allowing the colony to abandon agriculture entirely, and turn to shipbuilding and seafaring. This included the development of Bermudian effective-suzerainty in the Turks and Caicos,", "title": "Bermuda Militia (1612–1687)" }, { "docid": "1827396", "text": "Vímara Peres (died in Galicia, 873) was a ninth-century nobleman who served as the first Count of Portugal. Life Family His father, (d. after 867), sometimes called Pedro Theón of Pravia, and possibly the son of Bermudo I of Asturias, was a member of the Curia Regis of King Alfonso III and appears in January 867 confirming a royal charter jointly with other nobles, including Count Rodrigo of Castile. Pedro was actively involved in the Reconquista and was also responsible for ousting and defeating the Vikings when they invaded Galicia in 858. Besides Vímara, Pedro was also the father of . The old Christian version of ‘Vímara’ is believed to be derived from ‘Weimar’ a name from any of several places like one Weimar in Hesse and another in Thuringia, from Old High German wīh \"holy\" and mari \"standing water\". Although old-fashioned, it is still used in Portugal today as Guímaro. Count Vímara was a vassal of the King of Asturias, Alfonso III, and was sent to reconquer and secure from the Moors (Arabs and Berbers who had invaded Visigothic Hispania), in the west coastal fringe of Gallaecia, the area from the Minho River to the Douro River, including the city of Portus Cale, later Porto and Gaia, from where the name of Portugal emerged. The Kingdom of Asturias was divided internally into several counties or royal provinces. Portus Cale was one of these Asturian counties. In 868, Vímara Peres was named Count of Portugal by King Alfonso III after the reconquest of the region north of the Douro river. Later Portuguese historians viewed this event as the earliest milestone in the history of the state of Portugal, although Portugal did not achieve independence until the 12th century. He was able to expel the Moors and founded a fortified town under his own name Vimaranis (of Vimar) which later became Guimaranis, present day Guimarães (the Portuguese call it \"The Cradle City\"). Vímara Peres died in 873 in the territory of A Coruña. Issue Most historians agree that he was the father of: Lucídio Vimaranes (Lucídio, son of Vímara), who succeeded Vímara as the governor of the county. Although the identity of his wife was not recorded in any contemporary charters, her name could have been Trudildi. If that was the case, Vímara would have been the father of: Audivia Vimaranes who was married to Count Gutierre Aloítez. See also Portugal in the Middle Ages Portugal in the Reconquista Notes References Bibliography External links 9th-century births 873 deaths Counts of Portugal County of Portugal History of Porto Medieval Portugal People of the Reconquista 9th-century counts of Portugal (Asturias-León)", "title": "Vímara Peres" }, { "docid": "86571", "text": "Languedoc-Roussillon (; ; ) is a former administrative region of France. On 1 January 2016, it joined with the region of Midi-Pyrénées to become Occitania. It comprised five departments, and bordered the other French regions of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Rhône-Alpes, Auvergne, Midi-Pyrénées towards the north, and Spain, Andorra and the Mediterranean Sea towards the south. It was the southernmost region of mainland France. Toponymy The first part of the name of the province of Languedoc-Roussillon comes from the French (\"language of \"), and is also a historical region. In southern France, the word for yes was the Occitan language word . Prior to the 16th century, the central area of France was referred to as , there the word for yes was in Old French, later becoming . These old place names referred to the areas where Occitan and Old French were spoken. The Edict of Villers-Cotterets made French the official national language in 1539. Roussillon was the name of the medieval County of Roussillon. History Towards the end of the 3rd century BC, a Celtic people, the , took up residence in the region between the Rhône and the Garonne, from the Cévennes to the Pyrenees. Their capitals were Toulouse and Nîmes. They made a pact with the Romans from the 1st century BC. Narbonne was created to pacify the province in 118 BC and became the capital of the Narbonnaise. At the beginning of the 5th century, the Vandals invaded the province and then the Visigoths settled there. The Narbonne region, like the Iberian Peninsula, remained Visigothic until its conquest by the Moors between 719 () and 725 (fall of Carcassonne and Nîmes). Narbonne then became the capital of one of the five provinces of led by a for nearly forty years. The region was conquered by Pépin the Short (fall of Narbonne in 759), who made it the marquisate of Gothia, included in the kingdom of Aquitaine created in 778. This vast territory encompassed all of the south of the Rhône to the Atlantic and was bequeathed by Charlemagne to his son Louis the Pious in 781. The administration was entrusted to the counts of Toulouse. During the feudal era, a great political fragmentation took place: the counties of Roussillon and Cerdanya passed into the orbit of the Crown of Aragon, while Bas-Languedoc passed under the domination of the house of Trencavel and their rivals the counts of Toulouse. Raymond IV (1042–1115) achieved through marriage the objective of reunification by enlarging his state to the county of Rouergue, Nîmes, Narbonne, Gévaudan, Agde, Béziers and Uzès. The fight against Catharism and the Albigensian Crusade led to the extinction of the dynasty of the Counts of Toulouse. The province was united to the Kingdom of France in 1271, with the exception of Montpellier, which remained under the influence of the House of Barcelona and then of Majorca, and which was not attached to the Kingdom of France until 1349. From there was born the royal Languedoc which persisted until the", "title": "Languedoc-Roussillon" }, { "docid": "24479929", "text": "Roderick the Last of the Goths is an 1814 epic poem composed by Robert Southey. The origins of the poem lie in Southey's wanting to write a poem describing Spain and the story of Rodrigo. Originally entitled \"Pelayo, the Restorer of Spain,\" the poem was later retitled to reflect the change of emphasis within the story. It was completed after Southey witnessed Napoleon's actions in Europe, and Southey included his reactions against invading armies into the poem. The poem was successful, and multiple editions followed immediately after the first edition. The story describes fighting over the inheritance of the Spanish throne and how Roderick manages to take over. After Roderick rapes Florinda, daughter of his important ally Count Julian, Julian and others change their allegiance and aid the invading Moorish army. During a battle against the Moors, Roderick is wounded and escapes to start a new life. Eventually, Roderick travels across Spain before determining that he must return to rescue Pelayo, an heir to the Spanish throne who was held prisoner by the Moors. After freeing Pelayo, he meets Florinda who reveals that her rape was not Roderick's fault. The group allies itself with Count Pedro, and they build an army to wage war against the Moors. While fighting, Count Julian is assassinated by his own allies, and the Moorish army is broken and defeated. The poem ends with Roderick returning to the wilderness. Southey, like other poets who described the story of Roderick at the time, connected the Moorish invasion of Spain with Napoleon's invading of other countries. The story is also used to discuss the relationship of Islam and Christianity while promoting Southey's own views on religion. Regarding the rape scene, it is possible that Southey removed Roderick's guilt to create a more sympathetic character. Critics gave the work mixed reviews but many believed that Roderick the Last of the Goths was Southey's greatest work. Some critics pointed out various flaws in the work, but most felt that the subject was well handled and appropriately chosen. Background The idea for Southey to write a poem about historical Spain, which would later become Roderick, originated in his writing a monodrama on Cava and her being raped by Rodrigo. In 1805, he decided to use the subject for his final epic. In 1808, Southey resumed working on his poem Curse of Kehama after he almost gave up poetry because of the reception of Thalaba the Destroyer and Madoc. This return to writing was promoted by the poet Walter Savage Landor who encouraged Southey to complete the epic along with writing the work \"Pelayo, the Restorer of Spain\". This poem would later be retitled Roderick the Last of the Goths. By 1812, Southey was working on various works, including the collection Omniana, and he continued to add sections to Roderick. After 1810, Southey began to change from Jacobin political feelings to support of the establishment and monarchies. While writing the epic, his feelings were shaped by the events of Napoleon's conquests", "title": "Roderick the Last of the Goths" }, { "docid": "867607", "text": "The Battle of Corunna (or A Coruña, La Corunna, La Coruña or La Corogne), in Spain known as Battle of Elviña, took place on 16 January 1809, when a French corps under Marshal of the Empire Jean de Dieu Soult attacked a British army under Lieutenant-General Sir John Moore. The battle took place amidst the Peninsular War, which was a part of the wider Napoleonic Wars. It was a result of a French campaign, led by Napoleon, which had defeated the Spanish armies and caused the British army to withdraw to the coast following an unsuccessful attempt by Moore to attack Soult's corps and divert the French army. Doggedly pursued by the French under Soult, the British made a retreat across northern Spain while their rearguard fought off repeated French attacks. Both armies suffered extremely from the harsh winter conditions. Much of the British army, excluding the elite Light Brigade under Robert Craufurd, suffered from a loss of order and discipline during the retreat. When the British eventually reached the port of Corunna on the northern coast of Galicia in Spain, a few days ahead of the French, they found their transport ships had not arrived. The fleet arrived after a couple of days and the British were in the midst of embarking when the French forces launched an attack. They forced the British to fight another battle before being able to depart for England. In the resulting action, the British held off French attacks until nightfall, when both armies disengaged. British forces resumed their embarkation overnight; the last transports left in the morning under French cannon fire. But the port cities of Corunna and Ferrol, as well as northern Spain, were captured and occupied by the French. During the battle, Sir John Moore, the British commander, was mortally wounded, dying after learning that his men had successfully repelled the French attacks. Background The Corunna campaign started with the Battle of Cardedeu. Prelude In early October 1808, following the scandal in Britain over the Convention of Sintra and the recall of the generals Dalrymple, Burrard and Wellesley, Sir John Moore took command of the 30,000-man British force in Portugal. In addition, Sir David Baird in command of an expedition of reinforcements out of Falmouth consisting of 150 transports carrying between 12,000 and 13,000 men, convoyed by HMS Louie, HMS Amelia and HMS Champion, entered Corunna Harbour on 13 October. By November 1808 the British army, led by Moore, advanced into Spain with orders to assist the Spanish armies in their struggle against the invading forces of Napoleon. After the surrender of a French army corps at Bailén and the loss of Portugal, Napoleon was convinced of the peril he faced in Spain. Deeply disturbed by news of Sintra, the Emperor remarked, The French, all but masters of Spain in June, stood with their backs to the Pyrenees, clutching at Navarre and Catalonia. They did not know if even these two footholds could be maintained in the face of a Spanish", "title": "Battle of Corunna" }, { "docid": "39973122", "text": "The Battle of Guadix was an engagement between Castilian and Granadan forces at Guadix, then in the Emirate of Granada and now in Spain, that took place in January 1362. The Castilians were routed by forces loyal to Muhammed VI, Sultan of Granada. Despite his victory, Muhammed VI soon after sued for peace. He was murdered on the orders of King Peter of Castile. Background Muhammed V of Granada was dethroned in 1359, but escaped to Guadix, and from there to Morocco where he was protected by Ibrahim ibn Ali, Abu Salim. His younger brother took power as Isma'il II, but was assassinated a few months later on the orders of his distant cousin Isma'il bin Nasr, abu-Sa'id, who took the throne as Muhammed VI. Soon after taking power, Muhammed VI lost a battle against a Christian force at Guadix. In the summer of 1361 Abu Salim and King Peter of Castile (\"the Cruel\") supported Muhammed V in an attempt to regain his throne. In December 1361 a Castilian army of 6,000 men took a number of towns in Granada. Battle In January 1362 a force of about 2,600 Castilians attacked a force of 4,600 Muslims at Guadix. The Castilians had about 1,000 cavalry and 2,000 foot soldiers. They were led by Diego García de Padilla, Master of the Order of Calatrava and adelantado mayor of the Frontier, Enrique Enríquez the Younger, commanding the forces of the Bishop of Jaén, Men Rodríguez de Biedma and other noblemen. The chronicler Pero López de Ayala said the Castilians had low morale because the king had unjustly taken valuable Moorish prisoners from them that they had captured the previous year. The omens were also unfavorable, which was deeply disturbing to the superstitious soldiers. When they arrived in sight of Guadix the Christians did not see any sign of the enemy, and divided into two troops. One remained in battle order beside a small river, while the other marched towards Alhama. The Moors had been warned of the advance. Six hundred cavalry and four thousand foot soldiers had been moved secretly to Guadix to reinforce the garrison of the town. When the Castilian detachment sent to Alhama came into sight, the Moors attacked, but at first only showed part of their forces. Other troops emerged from Guadix unseen, hidden by hedges and gardens. There was a bridge with a high arch between the two armies, and the action began there. The Granadans crossed this bridge, but were violently thrown back. About 200 Castilian cavalry pursued them, found themselves surrounded by infantry who had come out from the town, and were repelled in turn. They rallied at the entrance to the bridge and took a stand for a while, calling for help. Padilla and Enríquez, who had not realized the enemy strength, rashly abandoned the bridge, thinking they could easily dispose of any Moors who crossed it. The Castilian soldiers did not understand the purpose of this maneuver. When they saw that the Moors had", "title": "Battle of Guadix" }, { "docid": "4748235", "text": "Tolox is a town and municipality in the province of Málaga in the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. The municipality has a population of 2,317 (2006). It is situated in the centre of the Sierra de las Nieves Nature Park at the foot of the Sierra Blanca and the Sierra Parda. In addition to La Torrecilla peak (1,919 m.), there are ancient woodlands of Spanish Fir and gall oak. The municipality covers 94 km2, has a mean elevation of 285 m. and mean geographical coordinates of 36° 41' 11\" N, 4° 54' 16\" E. The channel of the Rio Grande flows through the town from northeast to south. Village The village of Tolox has winding streets, with white-washed houses and doors and window boxes overflowing with flowers in season. History While the area was inhabited in Paleolithic times, the village of Tolox bears a Phoenician name and a Phoenician origin is confirmed by archaeological evidence. It was occupied by Rome and considerable rebuilding was done under Roman rule. Later it fell to the Visigoths and then to the Umayyad Arab invaders. Tolox was freed from Córdoba rule in 883 by Umar ibn Hafsun, who developed it to one of his main bases in the Serranía de Ronda. It did not fall until 921 when his son Süleyman surrendered it to Abd-ar-Rahman III. After the fall of the Caliphate of Córdoba, Tolox came under the Kingdom of Granada and it was not turned over to Ferdinand and Isabella, Los Reyes Católicos (\"The Catholic Monarchs\") until 1485 by Sancho de Angula. Tolox continued to have a large Moorish population and at Christmas 1539 there was civil strife between the predominantly Moorish peasants and the Christian landholders. Each year during Carnival Tolox commemorates these events with the \"Dia de los polvos\", (\"Day of the Powder\"). In 1568-1571 Tolox took part in the Moorish rebellion. As a result, Tolox was almost entirely depopulated first by the war, and then any remaining Moors were relocated in small groups to Valencia. Philip II then called for Christian settlers from Seville, Córdoba, and as far away as Galicia. In the War of Independence Tolox fought under the command of Francisco Javier Abadía (commander of the Campo de Gibraltar) against the invading Napoleonic troops. Later soldiers from Cártama and Tolox under the command of General Francisco Ballesteros conducted guerrilla warfare out of the mountains against the French. Attractions Aside from the mountain vistas and hiking that Tolox offers, it has a spa, the \"Fuente Amargosa\", which is visited for respiratory and allergic afflictions. References Wawn, Christopher; Wood, David (1999) In Search of Andalucia: A Historical Geographic Observation of the Malaga Seaboard. Pentland Press: Durham, Edinburgh, Cambridge. Ruiz, Virgilio (2000) Vivencias de Tolox Ayuntamiento de Tolox: Tolox. González, Diego Ceano (1993) Tolox : un oasis en la sierra Málaga : Mar y Luz. Jiménez, José Sánchez (1976) Vida rural y mundo contemporáneo : análisis sociohistórico de un pueblo del sur Barcelona : Planeta. External links Tolox statistics", "title": "Tolox" }, { "docid": "22625013", "text": "The Catholic Church in Spain has a long history, starting in the 1st century. It is the largest religion in Spain, with 58.6% of Spaniards identifying as Catholic. Attempts were made from the late 1st century to the late 3rd century to establish the church in the Iberian peninsula. Paul the Apostle expressed a wish to preach in Spain in the Epistle to the Romans; Clement of Rome writes in his Epistle to the Corinthians that Paul \"travelled as far as the extremity of the West,\" and the Muratorian Canon also speaks of Paul having departed from Rome for Spain. Although most scholars of early Christianity believe Paul did not make an actual journey to Spain after writing the Epistle to the Romans, Jerome Murphy-O'Connor holds that Paul did travel to Spain and preach there for up to a few months with little success, most likely because Greek was not widely spoken there. Timothy D. Barnes suggests that Paul's trial and execution took place not in Rome as traditionally believed, but under a provincial governor in Spain. Traditional accounts credit the Apostle James the Great with early preaching of the Christian faith in Spain, but many scholars doubt the historicity of James' presence in Spain. Canons of the Synod of Elvira (circa 305 AD in Rome) indicate that the church was greatly isolated from the general population even at that time. The situation of the Christians in Iberia improved with the advent of the Edict of Milan in 313 AD, after which Christians were more or less free to openly practice their new religion within the Roman Empire. Over the course of the 4th century, the church built significant footholds particularly around Seville, Cordoba, and Toledo. Visigoths As Rome declined, Germanic tribes invaded most of the lands of the former empire. In the years following 410 Spain was taken over by the Visigoths who had been converted to Arian Christianity around 419. The Visigothic Kingdom established their capital in Toledo, their kingdom reaching its high point during the reign of Leovigild. Visigoth rule led to the expansion of Arianism in Spain. In 587, Reccared, the Visigothic king at Toledo, was converted to Catholicism and launched a movement to unify doctrine. The Council of Lerida in 546 constrained the clergy and extended the power of law over them under the blessings of Rome. Councils of Toledo About thirty synods, variously counted, were held at Toledo in what would come to be part of Spain. The earliest, directed against Priscillianism, assembled in 400. The \"third\" synod of 589 marked the epoch-making conversion of King Reccared from Arianism to the Nicene Creed. The \"fourth\", in 633, probably under the presidency of the noted Isidore of Seville, regulated many matters of discipline and decreed uniformity of liturgy throughout the kingdom. The British Celts of Galicia accepted the Latin rite and stringent measures were adopted against baptized Jews who had relapsed into their former faith. The \"twelfth\" council in 681 assured to the archbishop of", "title": "History of the Catholic Church in Spain" }, { "docid": "50662208", "text": "Eurico, the Presbyter (Portuguese: Eurico, o Presbítero) is an 1844 historical novel by Alexandre Herculano. It is about the ending days of the Visigoth kingdom that existed in the Iberian Peninsula, as the Moors invaded it in the 8th century. Plot The plot tells of the love of Eurico and Hermengarda, and is set in the Visigoth ruled Iberian Peninsula of the 8th century. Eurico and his friend Teodomiro fight aside the king of Hispania (Spain) Wittiza against rebel mountain people and their allies, the Franks. After winning the battle, Eurico goes to live in a village in the Duchy of Cantabria area, where he falls in love with Hermengarda during a Mass at the local church. Not knowing that she is from royalty, he proposes to her father, Fávila, who is none other than the Duke of Cantabria. He was little better than a knight, the Duke evidently denies his request. Appalled, Eurico becomes a presbyter in Carteia, for alleviating his pain over Hermengarda through dedication to religious functions and by composing sacred hymns and poems. An impending invasion by the Moors, led by Tariq, leads him to assume the alias of the enigmatic Dark Knight. Under this guise, Eurico fights the islamic Moors and, through his valour, obtains the admiration of his own people, of the mountaineers and even of the Franks he had defeated before, who ally with him against the new enemy. When victory is at hand, Sisebuto and Ebas, sons of Witiza, betray their cause, intending to get the Spanish throne. Soon after, Roderic, king of the Visigoths, dies at the Battle of Guadalete and Teodomiro becomes the new leader. The Moors invade the abbey where Hermengarda is kept and kidnap her. The Dark Knight comes to the rescue as the emir was about to dishonour her. After rescuing her, he takes her back to the christian north, to Asturias, where her brother, Pelágio, awaits. In a cave in Covadonga, Hermengarda finds Eurico and declares her love for him. He knows this love is impossible because of his religious vows, and reveals himself as the Dark Knight. Upon hearing this, Hermengarda becomes insane and Eurico, knowing his obligations, goes to a last stand against the Moors, the renegade Oppa, Bishop of Seville (or Toledo) and the enigmatic berber Count, Juliano of Ceuta. See also Alexandre Herculano Moor Invasion of the iberic Peninsula Romanticism in Portugal References External links Eurico, o Presbítero - Mundo Cultural, por Antônio Carlos Pinho e Ronaldo Fazam Eurico, o Presbítero, disponível no Projecto Adamastor Eurico, o Presbítero - Domínio Público Eurico, o Presbítero - Ler online 1844 novels 19th-century Portuguese novels Historical novels Romantic novels Novels set in the 8th century", "title": "Eurico, the Presbyter" }, { "docid": "65897337", "text": "The Lopez Expedition (Spanish: Expedición López) of 1851 was an attempt led by Narciso López to invade and seize control of Cuba which was then part of the Spanish Empire. The force comprising 420 Cuban emigres and American volunteers landed in western Cuba, where the invaders were defeated and captured by the Spanish forces. López and many of the other prisoners were executed. It was part of a string of filibustering raids launched from American territory during the era, in violation of the Neutrality Act. Background During the era of Manifest Destiny the territory of the United States expanded rapidly, most notably with the Mexican Cession of 1848. The same year President Polk made an offer to purchase Cuba for $100 million, which was rejected by Spain. Cuba was particularly coveted by Southern supporters of slavery, who believed that Cuba with its large population of slaves would bolster the political strength of the slave states if it were admitted to the Union. It was estimated Cuba would have thirteen or fifteen representatives in Congress. There were similar ambitions towards states of northern Mexico such as Tamaulipas, where it was believed the climate would suit the introduction of slaves, but Cuba had the advantage of an existing plantation economy. The campaign to end Spanish rule in Cuba attracted support from a number of southern political figures who were later prominent Confederates including Jefferson Davis. The northern Democrat Stephen Douglas also supported annexation. Democrats made it a political issue, with Southern Whigs also loudly stating their commitment to taking Cuba. The cause of Cuba was compared to that of the Texas Republic which had won its independence in 1836 before joining the United States. However, the new Whig administration renounced any plan to buy Cuba from Spain. Increasingly those who wished to acquire the island turned towards seizing Cuba by force. They received strong backing from Mississippi Governor John Quitman, who formed an alliance with the Venezuelan-born adventurer Narciso López. López had contacts with potential insurgents in Cuba, but many of them favoured full independence rather than annexation. An initial expedition in 1849 assembled near Pascagoula was prevented from sailing by American authorities. Shifting his base from New York City to New Orleans where there was much greater support for filibustering, López launched a second expedition in 1850. His attempts to persuade Jefferson Davis, John Quitman or Robert E. Lee to take command were rejected, and López oversaw it himself. Reaching Cárdenas he landed, burned the governor's mansion and raised the Cuban flag for the first time. An expected uprising by Cuban revolutionaries did not occur and the filibusters rapidly fled back to Florida pursued by the Spanish Navy. Lopez, Quitman and others were prosecuted for violating the Neutrality Act but a jury in New Orleans, where they were wildly popular for their efforts, acquitted one of their conspirators and the remaining indictments were dropped. Expedition López immediately began efforts to launch another attempt, gathering financing and fresh recruits. This time Quitman", "title": "Lopez Expedition" }, { "docid": "7977362", "text": "Andre M. Moore (born July 2, 1964), is an American-Australian former professional basketball player. As a 6 ft 9 in (205 cm) power forward, he played in the National Basketball Association (NBA) for both the Milwaukee Bucks and the Denver Nuggets during the 1987–88 season. He also played in Australia for the Brisbane Bullets, Hobart Devils and Cairns Taipans. High school Moore played for Carver High School in Chicago, and represented the school at the 1982 Tribune-McDonald's Prep Cage Classic, where his City All-Star team lost to a Suburban All-Star team led by Kevin Duckworth. Moore led the city team with 17 points. Later that year, he was named to the Illinois All-Star team, which defeated Indiana's All-Stars in a game held in Gary, Indiana. College Moore attended the University of Illinois-Chicago from 1982 to 1983, but did not play for the Flames due to ineligibility. He then transferred to Loyola University Chicago where he had to again sit out the season (1983–84) due to being a transfer student. His next three seasons with the Loyola University Ramblers saw Moore play 85 games and average 16.5 points, 10.9 rebounds and 2.1 blocks per game. Loyola reached the Sweet 16 of the 1985 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament, but lost to Patrick Ewing's Georgetown University team, 65–53. Moore had 19 points in the game. In his senior year at Loyola (1986–87), Moore was the Midwestern Collegiate Conference Men's Basketball Player of the Year. Early professional career Moore was drafted by the Denver Nuggets in the 2nd round of the 1987 NBA draft. In 10 games with the Nuggets and Milwaukee Bucks, he averaged 2.4 points, 1.4 rebounds and 0.6 assists per game. Afterwards, he played in Spain, France, the United States Basketball League, and the Continental Basketball Association. In the CBA, he appeared in nine games for the Tulsa Fast Breakers, who were coached by former NBA player Henry Bibby. Australia Moore then embarked on a career in Australia in the National Basketball League. He first signed with the Brisbane Bullets, who had recruited him while he was in the CBA, and helped them to the 1990 NBL Grand Final series against the Perth Wildcats. His teammates on Brisbane included fellow Americans Derek Rucker and Leroy Loggins. Moore's outstanding play in the NBL saw him selected to the 1990 All-NBL Team and several NBL All-Star Games. The 1990 season was arguably his strongest year, as he averaged 26.9 points, 12.6 rebounds, and two blocks per game while shooting 61.1% from the field. After playing for the Bullets, Moore joined the Hobart Devils in 1995. He also played for the Kuiyam Pride and Cairns Marlins of the Australian Basketball Association. After his stints in the ABA he returned to the NBL to play with the Cairns Taipans from 1999 to 2001. Recent years Moore settled in Australia after his playing days. He has continued playing recreational basketball since his retirement, and has participated in the World Masters Games and Pan-Pacific Masters", "title": "Andre Moore" }, { "docid": "44383", "text": "Gunderic (; 379–428), King of Hasding Vandals (407-418), then King of Vandals and Alans (418–428), led the Hasding Vandals, a Germanic tribe originally residing near the Oder River, to take part in the barbarian invasions of the Western Roman Empire in the fifth century. History He was a son of King Godigisel, the Hasdingi's Vandal king when his people breached the Rhine river frontier of the Empire on the last day of 406. During that year, the Vandals had become heavily involved in a war with the Franks, who were already settled as allies of the Romans, and who attempted to keep the Vandals out. Godigisel was killed in the fighting and Gunderic succeeded him. Gunderic and his people ultimately crossed the Pyrenees into the Iberian Peninsula in October 409. With the Hasdingi portion of the Vandals he established the Kingdom in the Roman province of Gallaecia (north-western Iberia). They were driven out by the Visigoths in 418 on the orders of the Romans (the Visigoths were recalled and settled as a reward for their service in Aquitania). In 418 Attaces, the king of the Alans, fell in battle against the Visigoths, who at the time were allies of Rome, in Hispania, and most of the surviving Alans appealed to Gunderic who accepted their request and thus became King of the Vandals and Alans. In 420 Comes Hispaniarum attacked the Vandals who had gone to war with the Sueves in Galicia where the tribes were confined after the Visigoths had severely defeated them in 418. The imperial vicar (head of a diocese) defeated Maximus, son of earlier usurper Gerontius (409), in 420–421, but it resulted in the Vandals moving south to Baetica. Conflicts with the Suebi drove him into Baetica in the south of Hispania, where he joined the surviving Silingi portion of the Vandals. The Vandals moved south to Baetica in 420–1. They defeated a Roman army, led by magister militum Castinus, outside the walls of Cordoba in 422. The Vandals attacked Mauretania Tingitana, the Balearics, and sacked Cartagena and Seville in 425. They did not remain in these cities. Gunderic re-took the city in 428. The Vandals departed Spain in 429 and for 10 years Roman Spain was intact except for Galicia under the control of the Sueves. Hydatius writes that in 428 Gunderic laid \"hands on the church of that very city, by the will of God he was seized by a demon and died.\" It is unclear how Gunderic died, however it is theorized that Hydatius' writing was in reference to Gunderic's attempt to convert a Catholic church to an Arian church. The attempt was short-lived: not long after his attempt to seize the church in Hispalis, he unexpectedly died. After Gunderic died early in 428, the Vandals elected his half-brother Genseric as his successor, and Genseric left Iberia to the Visigoths in favor of invading Roman Africa. See also Vandal conquest of Roman Africa Vandal War (439-442) References Kings of the Vandals Vandal warriors 379", "title": "Gunderic" }, { "docid": "11236267", "text": "Septimania was the western region of the Roman province of Gallia Narbonensis that passed under the control of the Visigoths in 462. It passed briefly to the Emirate of Córdoba in the eighth century before its reconquest by the Franks, who by the end of the ninth century termed it Gothia. This article presents a timeline of its history. Visigoths and Franks 507: The Frankish king Clovis defeated the Visigoths in the Battle of Vouillé. Afterwards, the child-king Amalaric was carried for safety into the Iberian Peninsula. Aquitania passed into the hands of the Franks, and Septimania, with other Visigothic territories in Gaul, was ruled by Amalaric's maternal grandfather, Theodoric the Great. 509: Theodoric the Great created the first kingdom of Septimania, retaining its traditional capital at Narbonne. He appointed as his regent an Ostrogothic nobleman named Theudis. 522: The young Amalaric was proclaimed king. 526: Theodoric died. Amalaric assumed full royal power in the Iberian Peninsula and Septimania, relinquishing Provence to his cousin Athalaric. He married Clotilda, daughter of Clovis, but found, as other royal husbands of Merovingian princesses found, that the entanglement brought on him the penalty of a Frankish invasion. 531: Amalaric lost his life in the Frankish invasion, and Arian Visigothic Septimania was the last part of Gaul to remain in Visigothic hands. 534 Prince Theudebert son of Theuderic of Austrasia (Merovingian Frankish not Gothic) invaded Septimania in concert with Prince Gunthar son of King Chlothar. Gunthar stopped at Rodez and did not invade Septimania. Theudebert took and held the country as far as Béziers and Carbiriers from which he took the woman Deuteria as a wife. Theudebert and his half brother Childebert invaded Spain as far as Saragossa 534-538. At some point soon after this, the Visigoths regained the territory they had lost in Theudebert's invasion. 586 Merovingian King of Burgundy Guntram raised a force to invade Septimania as a prelude to conquest of Spain. His forces plundered from Nîmes to Carcassonne (where the Frankish Count Terentiolus of Limoges was killed) but were unable to take the walled cities. Visigothic Prince Recared came in response from Spain to Narbonne and as far as Nîmes and invaded nearby Frankish territories as far as Tolosa for plunder and to punish the Franks for the invasion (Gregory of Tours Book VIII 30-31 and 38). Frankish rebel Dukes Desiderius and Austrovald at that time in control of Tolosa raised an army and attacked Carcassonne. Desiderius was defeated and killed and Austrovald retreated with his for Tolosa (Gregory of Tours Book VIII 44). 587 Septimania came under Catholic Rule in 587 with the conversion of Reccared I, who had become the King of the Visigoths in 586 with his father, Leovigild's death. At that time Arian Bishop Athaloc and Counts Granista and Wildigern revolted against Recared in Septimania but were defeated (Gregory of Tours Book IX 15 and John of Biclar) Most of the Christian population of the province were already Catholic and Arian Christians largely converted with the death", "title": "Timeline of Septimania" }, { "docid": "36711933", "text": "Walter Gautier Giffard, Lord of Longueville, Normandy (a.k.a. 'Giffard of Barbastre'), was a Norman baron, a Tenant-in-chief in England, a Christian knight who fought against the Saracens in Spain during the Reconquista and was one of the 15 or so known companions of William the Conqueror at the Battle of Hastings in 1066. Life Walter was the son of Osbern de Bolbec, Lord of Longueville by a sister of Gunnor, Duchess of Normandy. As such he was first cousin twice removed of William the Conqueror.== From the mid 1040s Walter's name appears among the loyal supporters of William the Conqueror. Walter was at the Battle of Mortemer and was among the Norman barons who surprised and defeated Counts Odo and Renaud leading the French contingent attacking Normandy from the east. In particular, he and another great vassal Robert of Eu encountered Odo's army encamped in the village of Mortemer with no sentries and the soldiers were drunk. The Normans attacked the French while they slept, most being either killed or taken prisoner, although Odo himself escaped. When King Henry I learned of the fate of his brother Odo's army he promptly withdrew his remaining forces and left Normandy. In 1054 Walter was in charge of maintaining the siege of Arques castle, against William of Talou, who had rebelled against the Conqueror. Like many other Norman and French knights during the eleventh and early twelfth centuries, Walter served as a Christian knight in Spain () against the Saracens. His epithet le Barbastre was earned when he took part in the Siege of Barbastro, an undertaking sanctioned by Pope Alexander II against the Moors in 1064, one of the more famous exploits of that time. By the time of the Conquest, Walter had returned to Normandy bearing a gift from a king in Spain for Duke William, a magnificent war-horse. The same Spanish war-horse duke William called for on the morning of the Battle of Hastings. The Spanish king in question was in all probability Sancho Ramírez of Aragon (1063–1094) who was known for making friends and recruiting knights and soldiers from Northern France. Walter went on pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela, after the siege of Barbastro and before returning to Normandy. In early January 1066, after Duke William received news of the crowning of Harold Godwinson as king of England, he called together a meeting, the Council of Lillebonne, that included six of his key magnates, Walter Giffard being one of them. After telling them of his plan to invade England and take the crown for himself they supported him fully but suggested he should call a meeting of all his vassals, which William did. In the preparation stage for the Battle of Hastings, Walter was one of the Norman magnates who provided ships for William's invasion fleet. In his case, he provided thirty. Walter was one of two who, having been offered the privilege of carrying William's standard in the battle, respectfully refused. Although by this time an older warrior", "title": "Walter Giffard, Lord of Longueville" }, { "docid": "179845", "text": "Ramiro I ( – 1 February 850) was king of Asturias (modern-day Spain) from 842 until his death in 850. Son of King Bermudo I, he became king following a succession struggle after his predecessor, Alfonso II, died without children. During his turbulent reign, he fended off attacks from both Vikings and the forces of al-Andalus. Architecturally, his recreational palace Santa María del Naranco and other buildings used the ramirense style that prefigured Romanesque architecture. He was a contemporary of Abd ar-Rahman II, Umayyad Emir of Córdoba. Reign Gaining the throne The death of King Alfonso II brought about a succession crisis in the Kingdom of Asturias. According to the Chronicle of Alfonso III, credited to Ramiro's grandson, the childless Alfonso II chose as his successor Ramiro, his distant kinsman and son of Alfonso's predecessor Bermudo I. At the time of King Alfonso's death, Ramiro was outside of Asturias in Castile (or Bardulia according to the Chronicle of Alfonso III), where he was attending his own marriage ceremonies. Nepocian, comes palatii and the late king's kinsman, challenged Ramiro's succession in his absence, being supported by Astures and Vascones who had been loyal to Alfonso II. Ramiro sought support in Galicia, where he formed an army and advanced toward Oviedo. Nepotian awaited Ramiro's advance at Cornellana, by the river Narcea where Ramiro defeated him in the Battle of the Bridge of Cornellana. Nepotian fled, but was pursued and captured by Counts Scipion and Sonna. After his capture, Nepotian was blinded and interned in a monastery. Fending off Vikings By the time of Ramiro's reign, Vikings were frequenting the waters of Europe's coastal regions. In 844, a fleet disembarked at Corunna and began to raid the countryside, burning and pillaging. Ramiro marched against them with an army of considerable strength and managed to rout the invaders. He took some of them as prisoners and burned a large part of their fleet. Ramiro's reception dissuaded the Vikings such that they no longer raided the coastlines of Asturias. The legend of the Battle of Clavijo According to legend, in 834, Ramiro defeated the Moors in the Battle of Clavijo. The date was later changed to 844 in order to accommodate the contradictions inherent to the story (Ramiro was not ruling in 834). The account of the battle came to the spotlight on a spurious charter forged in Santiago de Compostela in the early 12th century. Neither Asturian nor Arab chronicles of the period make any mention of such a battle. It is first mentioned in the chronicles of Rodrigo Jiménez de Rada, 13th-century archbishop of Toledo. The account of the battle appears to be a mythification of the historical 859 Second Battle of Albelda, in which Ramiro's son and successor, Ordoño I along with García Íñiguez of Pamplona crushed the forces of Musa ibn Musa al-Qasawi. According to the legend, during the battle, Saint James the Greater, the Moor-slayer, is said to have appeared riding a white horse and bearing a white standard, and", "title": "Ramiro I of Asturias" }, { "docid": "163391", "text": "The Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa, known in Islamic history as the Battle of Al-Uqab (), took place on 16 July 1212 and was an important turning point in the Reconquista and the medieval history of Spain. The Christian forces of King Alfonso VIII of Castile, were joined by the armies of his rivals, Sancho VII of Navarre and Peter II of Aragon, in battle against the Almohad Muslim rulers of the southern half of the Iberian Peninsula. The caliph al-Nasir (Miramamolín in the Spanish chronicles) led the Almohad army, made up of people from all over the Almohad Caliphate. Background In 1195, the Almohads defeated Alfonso VIII of Castile in the Battle of Alarcos. After this victory, they took several important cities: Trujillo, Plasencia, Talavera, Cuenca, Madrid, and Uclés. Then, in 1211, Muhammad al-Nasir crossed the Strait of Gibraltar with a powerful army, invaded Christian territory, and captured Salvatierra Castle, the stronghold of the knights of the Order of Calatrava. The threat to the Hispanic Christian kingdoms was so great that Pope Innocent III called Christian knights to a crusade. Previous movements There were some disagreements among the members of the Christian coalition; notably, French and other European knights did not agree with Alfonso's merciful treatment of Jews and Muslims who had been defeated in the conquest of Malagón and Calatrava la Vieja. Previously, they had caused problems in Toledo (where the different armies of the Crusade gathered), with assaults and murders in the Jewish Quarter. Battle Alfonso crossed the mountain range that defended the Almohad camp, sneaking through the Despeñaperros Pass, led by Martín Alhaja, a local shepherd who knew the area. On 16 July 1212, the Christian coalition caught the encamped Moorish army by surprise, and Alhaja was granted the hereditary title Cabeza de Vaca for his assistance to Alfonso VIII. The battle was fought at relatively close range, so that neither the Almohads nor the Spaniards could use archers in the melee-dominated fight. Spanish knights became locked in close-quarter combat, in which they were superior to the Almohads. Some of the Spanish knights, namely the Order of Santiago, eventually broke the Almohad line of defense decisively as they inflicted heavy casualties on the Almohads and established a breakthrough with gaps appearing in the enemy lines. This led to a possible spearhead. King Sancho VII then led his mounted knights through the gaps, exploiting them, and charged at the Caliph's tent. The Caliph had surrounded his tent with a bodyguard of black slave-warriors. Though it was once claimed that these men were chained together to prevent flight, it is considered more likely that this results from a mistranslation of the word \"serried\", meaning a densely packed formation. The Navarrese force led by their king Sancho VII broke through this bodyguard. The Caliph escaped, but the Moors were routed, leaving heavy casualties on the battlefield. The victorious Christians seized several prizes of war; Muhammad al-Nasir's tent and standard were delivered to Pope Innocent III. Christian losses were", "title": "Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa" }, { "docid": "48503369", "text": "Get Mean, also known as Beat a Dead Horse, Vengeance of the Barbarians and The Stranger Gets Mean, is a 1975 Italian-American Spaghetti Western film directed by Ferdinando Baldi and starring Tony Anthony, Lloyd Battista, Raf Baldassarre, Diana Lorys and Mirta Miller. It is the final sequel to A Stranger in Town, with Anthony reprising the role of \"The Stranger.\" The film was released to little acclaim and never received a physical release on the home video market until 2015, when it was released by Blue Underground on remastered Blu-ray and DVD. Plot The film begins as The Stranger is dragged into a ghost town by his horse, who dies upon entering the town. In the town is a family of gypsies and a fortune teller, who offers the Stranger $50,000 to return Princess Elizabeth Maria de Burgos to Spain, where her nation is being attacked by Barbarians. The Stranger turns down their request, before their home is ransacked by a troop of Barbarians. The Stranger beats them to save his money, and agrees to take Princess Elizabeth to Spain. Upon arriving in Spain, The Princess and The Stranger wind up in the middle of a battle between the allied Moors, and the invading Barbarians. The Barbarians defeat the Moors, and capture The Stranger and The Princess. The Stranger defuses the situation by convincing the Barbarian leader, Diego that the woman he is traveling with is not actually a princess, but a woman who's gone mad after falling off a horse and hitting her head. The Barbarians do not believe his story, and tie up The Stranger by his feet, with the Princess being taken away on horseback. The Stranger, left swinging from his feet, loudly proclaims that he won't leave the country until he gets his money, before being fired on from a Barbarian cannon. The Barbarians travel back to the conquered castle, where they give thanks to Rodrigo's stallion, while The Stranger is rescued by Morelia, a member of the Spanish resistance. Morelia takes The Stranger back to see the Princess's general, a dying old man. The Stranger demands his $50,000 he was promised, but Morelia insists that there's no way to pay him until they are able to retake their family's treasure from the castle. The General states that The Princess is the only one who can claim the treasure, before saying the name of a temple in the mountains, and dying. The Barbarians raid the town where The Stranger and the rebels are hiding, before The Stranger scares them away, shooting them on horseback and hanging the survivors by their feet over the side of the village walls. The Stranger then rides to the castle to meet with the leader of The Barbarians to negotiate for the treasure. The Stranger offers him worthless baubles such as beads and mirrors, claiming they're treasures from America. The Barbarian leader is insulted by this, and rampages, smashing his throne room and attempting to kill The Stranger. The Stranger attempts", "title": "Get Mean" } ]	[ "North Africa" ]
train_7084	who voiced theodore in alvin and the chipmunks	[ { "docid": "3222136", "text": "Alvin and the Chipmunks Meet Frankenstein is a 1999 American animated dark comedy horror film produced by Bagdasarian Productions, LLC. and Universal Cartoon Studios and distributed by Universal Studios Home Video. It is directed by Kathi Castillo, written by John Loy and based on characters from Alvin and the Chipmunks and Mary Shelley's 1818 novel Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus. This is the first of two Alvin and the Chipmunks direct-to-video films, and the first of three Universal Cartoon Studios productions to be animated overseas by Tama Production in Tokyo, Japan. This is the only animated Alvin and the Chipmunks film where the Chipettes do not appear. It was followed up a year later by a standalone sequel, titled Alvin and the Chipmunks Meet the Wolfman. Plot The Chipmunks are performing at a theme park called Majestic Movie Studios. While taking a break from their concert, the Chipmunks get lost, and eventually get locked inside the park. They find their way to the \"Frankenstein's Castle\" attraction, where a real Dr. Victor Frankenstein is working on his monster. The monster is brought to life, and the doctor sends it in pursuit of the Chipmunks. In their escape, the monster retrieves Theodore's dropped teddy bear. The monster follows the Chipmunks home and returns the bear to Theodore, who quickly befriends him. The Chipmunks teach the monster (whom Theodore has nicknamed \"Frankie\") how to be nicer and make friends. Dave goes to the park to book a concert that night to celebrate the premiere of an anticipated film. Dr. Frankenstein tracks Frankie to the Chipmunks' home, and, angered at the monster's benevolence, kidnaps Alvin. Simon, Theodore, and Frankie hurry back to the park to rescue him. Dr. Frankenstein force-feeds Alvin a potion and induces a powerful electrical shock. Alvin is released by Frankie, and after Simon swipes the doctor's potions book, the four of them escape back into the park. Shortly after, the process Alvin underwent takes effect, transforming him into a zany cartoon monster. Alvin escapes to the premiere, causing chaos and havoc in his path. Using the potions book, Simon and Theodore mix an antidote using various food items from a buffet and feed it to Alvin during his rampage. Alvin returns to normal, and the Chipmunks go to perform their concert. Before the concert begins, Dr. Frankenstein attempts to transform Alvin back to his monster self, but is thwarted by Frankie, which leads to an explosion. After the smoke clears, Theodore introduces Frankie to the public, promising that Frankie will bring no harm if treated nicely. Meanwhile, Dr. Frankenstein is revealed to have been given the job of being the studio's mascot, Sammy Squirrel, much to his dissatisfaction, as he is trying to get the mascot's head off in a last-ditch effort to kidnap Alvin. Voice cast Ross Bagdasarian Jr. as Alvin Seville / Simon Seville / David \"Dave\" Seville Janice Karman as Theodore Seville Michael Bell as Doctor Victor Frankenstein, Person in Mob and Delivery Man Frank Welker as", "title": "Alvin and the Chipmunks Meet Frankenstein" }, { "docid": "3005766", "text": "A Chipmunk Christmas is a 1981 animated Christmas television special based on characters from Alvin and the Chipmunks. Produced by Bagdasarian Productions in association with Chuck Jones Enterprises, it first aired on NBC December 14, 1981, nine years after the death of Alvin and the Chipmunks creator Ross Bagdasarian Sr. (also known as David Seville). This was the first time that Alvin, Simon and David Seville were voiced by Ross Bagdasarian Jr. and the first time that Theodore was voiced by Janice Karman. Plot The special starts out with a doctor visiting the family of a sick boy named Tommy. He admits that the chance of Tommy recovering before Christmas is bleak. Meanwhile, the Chipmunks have a recording session. Alvin is not very happy about having to work on Christmas, but after Dave tells him that he can play his prized Golden Echo harmonica, he suggests that Dave can get everything set up in the studio while he and his brothers go window shopping. Dave agrees to this, and tells them not to be late. At the music store, Alvin sees another Golden Echo harmonica, and tells his own harmonica that it's the best harmonica in the world. At that moment, Tommy's mother and sister arrive at the store, and he overhears Tommy's sister tell her mother that if Tommy had the Golden Echo harmonica, it would make him feel better. Alvin feels bad about Tommy's illness, so much that during the recording session, he can't sing in tune with the others. Dave gives the Chipmunks a break, so Alvin goes to Tommy's house and presents him with his (Alvin's) own harmonica, returning in time to finish the session. Later, while the Chipmunks are decorating the tree, Simon and Theodore congratulate Alvin for what he did, and Alvin tells Simon and Theodore that they can't tell Dave about the harmonica, as Dave gave it to Alvin long ago, and Alvin is worried that Dave's feelings would be hurt if he learned what happened. Alvin plans to save his money and buy a new harmonica after Christmas, but when Dave gets a phone call from Carnegie Hall that they want Alvin to play his harmonica on Christmas Eve, Alvin is forced to make a plan to get enough money for a new harmonica. The Chipmunks gather up all the dogs in the neighbourhood, and set up a photo booth, where children can have their photo taken with Santa Claus (Alvin). Unfortunately, the presence of a cat ruins the whole thing, and draws Dave's attention. As Simon and Theodore are unable to tell him the truth, Dave mistakes Alvin's actions for greed, and sends him to his room. This leads to a dream sequence involving Clyde Crashcup, who says that he has invented Christmas (which is now February 12) and Santa (Abraham Lincoln in a sleigh consisting of a hollowed-out pumpkin pulled by four elephants). Alvin tells him he needs money, and when Dave comes to check up on him, he is", "title": "A Chipmunk Christmas" }, { "docid": "45297718", "text": "Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Road Chip is a 2015 American jukebox musical comedy film directed by Walt Becker and written by Randi Mayem Singer and Adam Sztykiel, based on the characters Alvin and the Chipmunks created by Ross Bagdasarian Sr. and the Chipettes created by Janice Karman. It is the fourth and final installment in the live-action Alvin and the Chipmunks film series and the sequel to the 2011 film Alvin and the Chipmunks: Chipwrecked. The film stars Jason Lee, Tony Hale, Kimberly Williams-Paisley and Josh Green. Justin Long, Matthew Gray Gubler and Jesse McCartney all reprise their roles as the Chipmunks, while Kaley Cuoco, Anna Faris and Christina Applegate play the Chipettes. Cuoco replaced Amy Poehler as the voice of Eleanor in the film. The plot centers on the Chipmunks (Alvin, Simon, and Theodore) as they head to Miami after believing that Dave will propose to his girlfriend Samantha, who has a son who bullies the Chipmunks. Along the way they end up in unfortunate circumstances, such as being put on the No Fly List. Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Road Chip was released in the United States on December 18, 2015, by 20th Century Fox. Like its predecessors, the film received generally negative reviews from critics. It grossed over $234 million worldwide against a $90 million budget, making it the lowest-grossing entry in the series. Plot Alvin, Simon, and Theodore Seville, along with the Chipettes – Brittany, Jeanette, and Eleanor – have moved to a new house and set up a surprise birthday bash for Dave that also serves as a good luck party for the Chipettes, who are scheduled to be guest judges on American Idol. Alvin invites and hires many people and celebrities, much to Simon's dismay. Though dissatisfied, Dave agrees to take them mini-golfing, where the Chipmunks meet Samantha, who he has been dating for the past few months. While the Chipmunks like Samantha, her son Miles physically abuses the trio. Later, the Chipmunks find an engagement ring in a bag Dave brought home and believe that he is going to propose to Samantha. Realizing in horror that Dave and Samantha getting married would make Miles their stepbrother, they try to steal the ring, but are unsuccessful. Dave has to produce a record for rising pop artist Ashley Grey in Miami, and decides to bring Samantha along with him. The Chipmunks and Miles are staying together, but they agree to head to Miami to sabotage the supposed marriage proposal. The Chipmunks drug three squirrels and dress them up in their clothes from stuffed toys to fool their next door neighbor Ms. Price, who was asked to peek in on them. They travel on a plane, but Theodore lets out a monkey, which then lets out several animals, leading to an emergency landing in Austin, Texas, and frustrates unscrupulous Air Marshal James Suggs, who hates the Chipmunks because of having been dumped by his girlfriend on Christmas for being their biggest fan at the time,", "title": "Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Road Chip" }, { "docid": "5029457", "text": "A Very Merry Chipmunk is a 1994 music album by Alvin and the Chipmunks, released by Sony Wonder. It is their fourth Christmas album. The album reached #147 on the Billboard 200. Track listing \"Here Comes Christmas\" (Thomas Chase/Steve Rucker/Jill H. Roberts) – 2:40 Musicians and vocalists Jai Winding — keyboards Ron Hicklin — singing voice of Alvin Gene Morford — singing voice of Simon Randy Crenshaw — singing voice of Theodore Production crew Guy DeFazio — engineer \"The Chipmunk Song (Christmas Don't Be Late)\" (with Kenny G) (Ross Bagdasarian Sr.) – 5:33 Musicians and vocalists Kenny G — saxophone Dean Parks — guitar Nathan East — bass John Capek — keyboards Michael Botts — drums and percussion Gerry Beckley — singing voice of Alvin Andrew Gold — singing voice of Simon Jeff Foskett — singing voice of Theodore Production crew John Boylan — co-producer Bob Wartinbee — recording engineer Steve Shepherd — recording engineer Guy DeFazio — recording engineer Duane Seykora — assistant recording engineer Jerry Finn — assistant recording engineer Paul Grupp — mixing engineer Roland Alvarez — mixing engineer \"Rockin' Around the Christmas Tree\" (with Patty Loveless) (Johnny Marks) – 3:37 Musicians and vocalists Patty Loveless — lead vocals B. James Lowry — lead guitar Dan Dugmore — steel guitar Gordon Kennedy — rhythm guitar Mike Brignardello — bass Paul Leim — drums Wayne Kirkpatrick — singing voice of Alvin Bergen White — singing voice of Simon Chris Harris — singing voice of Theodore Production crew John Boylan — co-producer Steve Bishir — recording engineer Martin Woodley — assistant recording engineer Paul Grupp — mixing engineer Roland Alvarez — mixing engineer \"Christmas Time Uptown\" (with The Boys Choir of Harlem) (Paul Espel/Karmyn Lott/Malcom Dodds) – 4:45 Musicians and vocalists The Boys Choir of Harlem — vocals Ross Bagdasarian — Chipmunk vocals and all instruments Production crew Dr. Walter J. Turnbull — choir director M. Roger Holland — vocal arrangement Darren \"Nitro\" Clowers — co-producer Bob Friedrich — recording engineer Mark Agostino — recording engineer Coney Abrams — mixing engineer \"A Comes Before B\" (Janice Karman) – 2:13 Musicians and vocalists Jai Winding — keyboards Ross Bagdasarian — Alvin (speaking voice) Andrew Gold — Alvin (singing voice) Production crew Guy DeFazio — engineer \"Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer\" (with Gene Autry) (Johnny Marks) – 2:44 Musicians and vocalists Gene Autry — lead vocal John Capek — keyboards, programming Nick Brown — guitar Bob Mann — bass Michael Botts — drums Ron Hicklin — singing voice of Alvin John Andrew Parks — singing voice of Simon Randy Crenshaw — singing voice of Theodore Production crew John Boylan — co-producer Ian Gardiner — recording engineer Guy DeFazio — recording engineer Bob Loftus — assistant recording engineer Naoki Taya — assistant recording engineer Paul Grupp — mixing engineer Roland Alvarez — mixing engineer \"Petit Papa Noël\" (with Celine Dion) (Raymond Vinci/Henry Martinet) – 5:29 Musicians and vocalists Celine Dion — lead vocals Andrew Gold — keyboards/guitar/keyboard programming Ron Hicklin — singing voice", "title": "A Very Merry Chipmunk" }, { "docid": "5137064", "text": "The Alvin Show is a music album by Alvin and the Chipmunks. It is the soundtrack album to the Chipmunks' first animated television series The Alvin Show. Upon the release of the album, the Chipmunks' first three albums were reissued with revised album cover art that utilized the cartoon redesigns of the characters. Track listing Side one \"The Alvin Show Opening Theme\" (Ross Bagdasarian) - 1:37 \"The Mrs. Frumpington Story/Mrs. Frumpington's Song\" (Ross Bagdasarian) - 6:38 \"A Visit to France/I Wish I Could Speak French\" (Ross Bagdasarian) - 3:48 Side two \"Television Interview/Chipmunk Fun\" (Ross Bagdasarian) - 3:48 \"Crashcup Invents the Bathtub/Crashcup's Work Theme (One Finger Waltz)\" (based on \"Sack Time\") (Ross Bagdasarian Sr.) - 4:03 \"Witch Doctor\" (Ross Bagdasarian) – 2:22 \"The Alvin Show Closing Theme\" - 1:10 Band lineup Ross Bagdasarian Sr. provided the voices for the Chipmunks and David Seville. Alvin: Guitars and vocals Simon: Bass and vocals Theodore: Drums and vocals Additional personnel Lee Patrick/June Foray – voice of Mrs. Frumpington Shepard Menken – voice of Clyde Crashcup; voice of \"Harry\" (\"Television Interview/Chipmunk Fun\" segment) Production crew Ross Bagdasarian Sr. – producer David Hassinger – engineer James Getzoff – orchestrator References Alvin and the Chipmunks albums Television animation soundtracks 1961 soundtrack albums Children's music albums Capitol Records albums Liberty Records soundtracks", "title": "The Alvin Show (album)" }, { "docid": "41779261", "text": "Alvinnn!!! and the Chipmunks (stylized as ALVINNN!!! and the Chipmunks) is an animated musical comedy television series created by Janice Karman. Produced by Bagdasarian Productions and Technicolor Animation Productions with the participation of M6, it features Alvin and the Chipmunks and the Chipettes and marks their first television appearance together since 1990. First announced by Bagdasarian Productions in 2010, a promotional trailer for the series was posted on YouTube. Animation and half of the show's storyboards are handled by Technicolor Productions in France, while Bagdasarian Productions in the U.S. is in charge of voice recording and music production. The series is primarily distributed by PGS Entertainment, a French brand management company. It premiered on M6 on March 30, 2015. In August 2015, Nickelodeon acquired the American broadcast rights to the series. Plot Simulating an anthology of a famous band, songwriter Dave Seville is raising platinum recording groups the Chipmunks (Alvin, Simon, and Theodore) and the Chipettes (Brittany, Jeanette and Eleanor). Dave's patience is tested everyday, but despite all of this, he loves the entire band like his own family. The series takes place in modern society and discusses modern topics such as Dave's technology issues. Others are parents embarrassing kids and parents needing dates. Voice cast Ross Bagdasarian Jr. as Alvin, Simon, and David Seville Janice Karman as Theodore, Brittany, Jeanette, Kevin, Miss Bernese Smith, Miss Croner, Miss Beatrice Miller, and additional voices Vanessa Bagdasarian as Eleanor, Lucy, Kate, Amber, Annie, and additional voices Michael Bagdasarian as Mr. Meadows, Cheesy, Officer Dangus, and additional voices Jean Ellie as Biggie Large Brian Chambers as Derek Smalls and additional voices Edwina Jones as Principal Meadows Elizabeth Gomez as Julie Production The series, originally titled The Chipmunks and Chipettes, has 104 11-minute episodes and is produced in high-definition CGI animation, with the Chipmunks and the Chipettes' new looks resembling the iMunk looks. The show serves as an update of the 1980s series utilizing the same theme song, voice actors, Ross Bagdasarian, Jr. and Janice Karman, and format with each episode having a song. The series producers are Ross Bagdasarian, Jr., Janice Karman, Sandrine Nguyen, and Boris Hertzog from the American production company Bagdasarian Productions and French company OuiDo! Productions. OuiDo! Productions (now Technicolor Animation Productions) handles the animation and storyboards, with Bagdasarian Productions in charge of voices and music. PGS Entertainment acquired the rights for media outside the United States and France in August 2013 and licensing and merchandising rights in May 2014. On February 24, 2014, Nickelodeon acquired all 104 episodes for all territories except Brazil. It originally also excluded North America, but this was later changed. The series was put on sale at the October 2013 Mipcom and was one of the most-viewed shows there. In October 2016, the series was renewed for a third and fourth season. In late 2018, the series was renewed for a fifth season. On November 6, 2019, the series was renewed for a sixth and seventh season. In December 2023, Bagdasarian stated in a phone", "title": "Alvinnn!!! and the Chipmunks" }, { "docid": "16128212", "text": "Rockin' Through the Decades is a live-action/animated TV special based on characters from Alvin and the Chipmunks. It was directed by Steve Karman, produced by Bagdasarian Productions, and premiered on NBC on December 9, 1990. The special was released on VHS by Buena Vista Home Video in 1992 as Rockin' with the Chipmunks. Most recently, the special has been re-released on September 8, 2009, by Paramount Home Entertainment on the DVD The Very First Alvin Show alongside A Chipmunk Reunion. In 1992, it aired on The Disney Channel. Cast Will Smith - Himself (credited as Fresh Prince) Ross Bagdasarian, Jr. - Alvin and Simon (voice) Janice Karman - Theodore and Brittany (voice) Ben Vereen - Himself Richard Moll - Himself Kenny Loggins - Himself Raven-Symoné - Herself Shelley Duvall - Herself Markie Post - Herself Little Richard - Himself Michael Jackson - Himself (archive footage) Rockin' with the Chipmunks Rockin' with the Chipmunks made significant changes to the featured songs. \"Witch Doctor\" Intro medley, done by Alvin in different styles Little Richard (style of \"Tutti Frutti\") Elvis Presley (style of \"Blue Suede Shoes\") Jimi Hendrix (style of \"Foxy Lady\") Bob Dylan (style of \"Like a Rolling Stone\") Michael Jackson (style of \"Billie Jean\") Bruce Springsteen (style of \"Born in the U.S.A.\") \"Tutti Frutti\"/\"Heartbreak Hotel\" (medley, 1950s) \"Surfin' Safari\"/\"She Loves You\"/\"(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction\" (medley, 1960s) \"Crocodile Rock\" (1970s) \"Smooth Criminal\"/\"Beat It\" (medley, Alvin added to the original music videos, 1980s) \"Sleigh Ride\" (original Christmas-themed hip hop song, 1990s) Segments from two episodes of The Alvin Show, A Chipmunk Christmas and an episode of The Ed Sullivan Show are also featured. \"Alvin's Harmonica\" can be heard in the background while Fresh Prince is on the 1950s set. Fresh Prince also does a rap introduction to the \"Sleigh Ride\" segment, giving his perspective on what to expect of the 1990s. Soundtrack album release Rockin' Through the Decades is also the title of a soundtrack music album by Alvin and the Chipmunks, released by Chipmunk Records in 1991, and contained all of the songs from the TV special, alongside three added tracks. \"Witch Doctor (Decades Mix)\" \"Tutti Frutti\" \"She Loves You ('90s Reprise)\" \"(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction\" \"Girls Just Want to Have Fun\" - The Chipettes \"Beat It ('90s Remix)\" \"Heartbreak Hotel\" \"Crocodile Rock\" \"Surfin' Safari\" \"Oh, Pretty Woman\" \"Johnny B. Goode\" \"Sleigh Ride\" References External links 1990 films Alvin and the Chipmunks films American films with live action and animation 1990s American television specials 1990s animated television specials EMI Records soundtracks 1991 soundtrack albums Alvin and the Chipmunks albums 1990 television specials 1990 in American television Films with screenplays by Ross Bagdasarian Jr. Films with screenplays by Janice Karman 1990s American films", "title": "Rockin' Through the Decades" }, { "docid": "20049427", "text": "Undeniable is a 2008 album by The Chipmunks. Its release was connected to the version of the Alvin and the Chipmunks franchise from the 2007 film Alvin and the Chipmunks, but contains no music from the film. It was released on November 4, 2008, as the follow-up to the Alvin and the Chipmunks: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack. and to commemorate the 50th anniversary of The Chipmunks as a franchise. The album features remakes to some of their old hits as well as some new covers, such as the theme song to the 1980s television series of the same name. Track listing \"We're The Chipmunks\" (DeeTown Remix)* (Janice Karman, Chris Caswell, Jason Honingford, Ali Dee Theodore) \"Shake Your Groove Thing\" feat. Drew Seeley (Peaches & Herb) (Dino Fekaris, Freddie Perren) \"Livin' on a Prayer\" (Bon Jovi) (Jon Bon Jovi, Richie Sambora, Desmond Child) \"Three Little Birds\" (Bob Marley) (Bob Marley) \"Thank You\"* (Ali Dee Theodore, Sarai Howard, Zach Danziger, Ross Bagdasarian Jr., Jason Bonham, Luis Resto) \"All the Small Things\" (Blink-182) (Mark Hoppus, Tom DeLonge, Travis Barker) \"Acceptance\"* (Ali Dee Theodore, Sarai Howard, Zach Danziger, Ross Bagdasarian Jr., Chris Classic) \"Don't Stop Believin'\" (Journey) (Jonathan Cain, Steve Perry, Neal Schon) \"Ho Ho Ho\"* (Janice Karman) \"Rock and Roll\" (Led Zeppelin) (Jimmy Page, Robert Plant, John Paul Jones, John Bonham) \"Home\" (Daughtry) (Chris Daughtry) \"Undeniable\"* (Ali Dee Theodore, Sarai Howard, Zach Danziger, Ross Bagdasarian Jr.) \"We're The Chipmunks\"* (Janice Karman, Chris Caswell) \"Time Warp\" (The Rocky Horror Show) (Richard O'Brien, Richard Hartley) * - denotes original Chipmunk song Personnel Vinny Alfieri - guitar, member of attributed artist Ali \"Dee\" Theodore - audio production, executive producer Justin Long - primary artist (as Alvin Seville) Matthew Gray Gubler - primary artist (as Simon Seville) Jesse McCartney - primary artist (as Theodore Seville) Ross Bagdasarian Jr. - audio production, cover design, dialogue, executive producer, producer Chris Classic - primary artist (as DJ) Alana Da Fonseca - composer, engineer, member of attributed artist, mixing, recorder, vocals (background) Zach Danziger - drums, member of attributed artist Christopher Davis - member of attributed artist, rap Dee Town - audio production, member of attributed artist, vocals Dino Fekaris - composer Chris Gehringer - mastering Jason Gleed - guitar, bass, keyboards, member of attributed artist Mark Hoppus - composer Rebecca Jones - member of attributed artist, primary artist, vocals (background) Janice Karman - audio production, dialogue, executive producer, producer Joey Katsaros - bass, keyboards, member of attributed artist Dan \"D Unit\" Levine - package design Bob Marley - composer John McCurry - guitar, bass, member of attributed artist Port O'Brien - composer Richie Sambora - composer Drew Seeley - guest artist, primary artist John VanNest - engineer, recorder Dave Wallace - drum, guitar, bass Reception Undeniable peaked at No. 78 on the Billboard 200 albums chart. References External links Official Alvin and the Chipmunks Music Myspace 2008 albums Alvin and the Chipmunks albums Razor & Tie albums", "title": "Undeniable (Chipmunks album)" }, { "docid": "606263", "text": "David \"Dave\" Seville is a fictional character, the adoptive father and producer and manager of the fictional singing group Alvin and the Chipmunks. The character was created by Ross Bagdasarian Sr., who had used the name \"David Seville\" as his stage name prior to the creation of the Chipmunks, while writing and recording novelty records in the 1950s. One of the records, recorded in 1958 under the David Seville stage name, was \"Witch Doctor\", featuring a sped-up high-pitched vocal technique. Bagdasarian would later use that technique in \"The Chipmunk Song (Christmas Don't Be Late)\", which would introduce both Alvin and the Chipmunks as a singing group and Bagdasarian's music producer \"Dave\". Bagdasarian would go on to create The Alvin Show, based on the Alvin and the Chipmunks group, where he voiced the semi-fictional character David Seville, based largely on himself, with Alvin based on Ross's sometimes rebellious son Adam. Ross Bagdasarian Jr. took over ownership Bagdasarian Productions when his father died in 1972. He reprised the David Seville character, first in a series of novelty albums beginning with 1980's Chipmunk Punk. Bagdasarian Jr. subsequently assumed the role on the TV series Alvin and the Chipmunks, which ran in original episodes from 1983–1990. Bagdasarian Jr. has voiced David Seville in all official animated and recorded incarnations of David Seville since taking over for his father in the 1970s, including TV series, animated specials, and direct-to-video productions. He most recently voiced the character in the 2015 TV show version of the Alvin and the Chipmunks television series. Actor Jason Lee also portrays David Seville in the live-action films, Alvin and the Chipmunks (2007), Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Squeakquel (2009), Alvin and the Chipmunks: Chipwrecked (2011) and Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Road Chip (2015) which use a combination of live-action acting and computer animation. While Ross Bagdasarian Jr. does not do any voices for the film series, the films are all produced in association with Bagdasarian Productions, which owns the rights to all of the characters. Portrayed by Filmography Films Television See also References External links Fictional characters introduced in 1958 Alter egos Alvin and the Chipmunks Fictional managers Fictional producers American male characters in television", "title": "David Seville" }, { "docid": "4208116", "text": "Let's All Sing With the Chipmunks is the debut album of Alvin and the Chipmunks. It is a children's novelty album. The songs on the record are a mixture between cover versions of children's songs in the public domain and customized original musical material. It contains the A-sides of the Chipmunks' first three singles: \"The Chipmunk Song (Christmas Don't Be Late)\", \"Alvin's Harmonica\" and \"Ragtime Cowboy Joe\". The artist credit on the original release was listed as Ross Bagdasarian (changed to \"Alvin, Simon and Theodore with David Seville\" on the revised 1961 cover). Album cover variations The original issue of the album depicted three realistic looking chipmunks on the cover, with Alvin making a pose like the then-recently deceased Al Jolson. When the album was reissued two years later, a new cover was substituted, that of an Alvin Show animation cel setup reenacting the poses the original chipmunks made, with the exception of Alvin, who was now shown as making a pose like Elvis Presley. The 2008 compact disc reissue uses the 1961 front cover design along with the original 1959 back cover. Track listing All songs would later be adapted as animated musical segments for The Alvin Show. Side one \"Yankee Doodle\" (Trad., arr. Ross Bagdasarian Sr.) – 1:57 \"Chipmunk Fun\" (Bagdasarian Sr.) – 1:58 \"The Little Dog (Oh Where, Oh Where Has My Little Dog Gone)\" (Septimus Winner)– 1:59 \"Old MacDonald Cha Cha Cha\" (Trad., arr. Bagdasarian Sr.) – 1:55 \"Three Blind (Folded) Mice\" (Trad., arr. Bagdasarian Sr.) – 1:54 \"Alvin's Harmonica\" (Bagdasarian Sr.) – 2:42 Side two \"Good Morning Song\" (Mildred Hill) – 1:09 \"Whistle While You Work\" (Frank Churchill, Larry Morey) – 1:49 \"If You Love Me (Alouette)\" (Trad., arr. Bagdasarian Sr.) – 2:12 \"Ragtime Cowboy Joe\" (Maurice Abrahams) – 2:08 \"Pop Goes the Weasel\" (Trad., arr. Bagdasarian Sr.) – 1:19 \"The Chipmunk Song (Christmas Don't Be Late)\" (Bagdasarian, Sr.) – 2:21 Production credits Ross Bagdasarian - Producer Ted Keep - Engineer Pate/Francis & Assoc. - cover design and actual artwork - [original pressing] Studio Five - animation artwork - reissue pressing References 1959 debut albums Alvin and the Chipmunks albums Liberty Records albums Albums produced by Ross Bagdasarian", "title": "Let's All Sing with The Chipmunks" }, { "docid": "900989", "text": "The Alvin Show is an American animated television series that aired on CBS in the early 1960s. This was the first series to feature the singing characters Alvin and the Chipmunks. The Alvin Show aired for one season, from October 4, 1961, to September 12, 1962 and was originally sponsored by General Foods through its Jell-O gelatin and Post Cereal brands. Although the series was created in color, it was initially telecast in black and white. It was later rebroadcast in color from 1962-65 for Saturday mornings on CBS and again Saturday mornings on NBC in 1979. The series rode the momentum of creator Ross Bagdasarian Sr.'s original hit musical gimmick and developed the singing Chipmunk trio as rambunctious kids–particularly the show's namesake star–whose mischief contrasted to his tall, brainy brother Simon and his chubby, gluttonous brother Theodore, as well as their long-suffering, perpetually put-upon manager-father figure, David Seville. The animation was produced by Herbert Klynn's Format Films. The pilot episode, an early version of the fifth episode \"Good Neighbor\", was written and produced to sell the show to CBS. The actual show featured a re-worked version, which aired as part of the fifth episode. With producer Fred Calvert (who would later work on The Thief and the Cobbler) calling them in, the opening sequence was animated by Bobe Cannon and assistant animated by Iwao Takamoto. Each episode consisted of a Chipmunks and Clyde Crashcup segment, both of them seven minutes long. Following each segment was a musical number with Dave and the Chipmunks. Most of the songs came from the first three albums that had already been released by the time the show premiered (Let's All Sing with The Chipmunks, Sing Again with The Chipmunks, and Around the World with The Chipmunks). By the second half, all the songs from the new fifth album, The Chipmunk Songbook, were also featured. In addition to the non-album Alvin for President, three song segments were created that were never officially released on any album or single. They were Clementine, Maria from Madrid, and Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair. The show was followed in 1983 by another Chipmunks series, Alvin and the Chipmunks which aired on NBC. Syndication CBS reran the series on Saturday mornings after the show's prime time run ended in 1962. In the mid to late 1960s, the individual show segments were culled together and sold as a syndication package under the title Alvin and the Chipmunks. The original episodes began airing under the Alvin and the Chipmunks title on NBC Saturday mornings in 1979 for a short period. Ross Bagdasarian Sr. died of a heart attack on January 16, 1972, seemingly bringing to an end any further Chipmunk productions. Years later, his son, Ross Jr., picked up on a disc jockey's joke and produced the album Chipmunk Punk in 1980. The success of Chipmunk Punk spurred renewed interest in a new animated series by Ruby-Spears, which launched in September 1983 on NBC and was titled Alvin and the", "title": "The Alvin Show" }, { "docid": "5107264", "text": "Sing Again with The Chipmunks is Alvin and the Chipmunks' second album, released by Liberty Records in January 1960. The album follows the same format as their first album, and contains the group's fifth and sixth singles—\"Alvin's Orchestra\" and \"Comin' 'Round the Mountain\". Since its initial release, Sing Again with The Chipmunks has appeared twice on CD; both releases utilized the revised 1961 cover artwork, minus the song lyrics printed on the original back cover. Commercial performance Sing Again with The Chipmunks peaked at on the Billboard pop albums chart. Artwork As with the debut album, the original issue depicted three realistic looking chipmunks on the cover sharing space with a photo of Ross Bagdasarian Sr. When the album was reissued one year later, a new cover was substituted, that of an Alvin Show animation cel setup reenacting the poses the original chipmunks and Seville made. Notes This album has Alvin's first songwriting credit. Track listing Side one \"Sing Again with the Chipmunks\" (Ross Bagdasarian, Sr.) – 0:53 \"Comin' 'Round the Mountain\" (Traditional, arr. Ross Bagdasarian, Sr.) – 2:14 \"Home on the Range\" (Brewster Higley and Daniel Kelley) – 2:53 \"I Wish I Had a Horse\" (Ross Bagdasarian Sr., Mark McIntyre) – 2:04 \"Swanee River\" (Stephen Foster) – 1:49 \"When Johnny Comes Marching Home\" (Patrick Sarsfield Gilmore) – 1:35 Side two \"Sing a Goofy Song\" (Ross Bagdasarian Sr.) – 2:32 \"Swing Low, Sweet Chariot\" (Harry Thacker Burleigh) – 2:02 \"Witch Doctor\" (Ross Bagdasarian Sr.) — (\"group\" version) – 2:04 \"Working on the Railroad\" (Bill Balsham, var. Benny Goodman) – 1:56 \"Row, Row, Row Your Boat\" (Traditional, arr. by E. O. Lyte, Ross Bagdasarian Sr.) – 1:38 \"Alvin’s Orchestra\" (Ross Bagdasarian Sr.) – 3:01 All songs except \"Sing Again with the Chipmunks\" were adapted as a musical segment for The Alvin Show in 1961. Source: Answers.com CD Universe Personnel David Seville – keyboards, conduction and commentary Alvin Chipmunk – lead vocals, guitars, and harmonica Simon Chipmunk – guitars, bass and background vocals Theodore Chipmunk – drums and background vocals Production Ross Bagdasarian – Producer Ted Keep – Engineer Pate/Francis & Assoc. – cover design and actual artwork – [original pressing] Studio Five – animation artwork – [reissue pressing] References 1960 albums Alvin and the Chipmunks albums Liberty Records albums Albums produced by Ross Bagdasarian", "title": "Sing Again with The Chipmunks" }, { "docid": "4909843", "text": "Urban Chipmunk was the first country album by Alvin and the Chipmunks, released on February 4, 1981. The title parodies the 1980 movie Urban Cowboy. Track listing Original 1981 release Urban Chipmunk was released on CD in 1993. For this release, the songs \"Luckenbach, Texas (Back to the Basics of Love)\" and \"Made For Each Other\" were deleted and replaced with new songs \"The Devil Went Down to Georgia\" and \"Boot Scootin' Boogie\". In addition, \"I Love a Rainy Night\" was retitled \"I Love a Rainy Night (Saturday Morning Remix)\" with new dialogue added. The cover art was also modified to feature the current character redesign. 1993 CD remaster Reception Steve Simels of Stereo Review wrote, on its initial release, that \"there's something oddly soothing about the furry trio's harmonies; they sound so organic, so natural, to ears lately abused by their spiritual heirs, the Bee Gees. Moreover, most of the country hits that the tiny rodents essay here are of the ultra-commercial, protest-the-smell-of-cow-manure variety, so the Platinum Vermins' vocal approach seems eminently appropriate, far more idiomatically authentic than they were on the otherwise admirable 'Chipmunk Punk'\". He added\" Rich Aregood of the Philadelphia Daily News wrote that \"Alvin, Simon and Theodore have never been in better form than they are on 'Urban Chipmunk', an overdue sendup of the phenomenon that turned outlaws into drugstore cowboys.\" A critic for The Philadelphia Inquirer had a different reaction to the record, though, saying, \"perhaps it's all very cute and fine for the Kiddy set, but why an adult would want to sit around listening to the Chipmunks doing 'Luckenbach, Texas' when they could hear Waylon Jennings' version is a puzzle.\" Martha Hume of the New York Daily News wrote that \"Alvin and the boys took very few chances with material, since every single song on the \"Urban Chipmunk\" has already been a national hit. Nonetheless, the Chipmunks bring new life to such classics as 'Mamas Don't Let Your Babies Grow Up To Be (Cowboys) Chipmunks' and Willie Nelson's 'On The Road Again', which Alvin persists in singing as 'Off The Road Again.' Actually, the Chipmunks have only one bad cut on the record, a cleaned up rendition of 'Coward of the County,' which, even sanitized, is not suitable material for the Chipmunks. That's just a minor quibble, however, and those people who can bear listening to 10 songs worth of falsetto trios that would shame even the Bee Gers will probably like this record.\" Al Freeders of the Dayton Daily News wrote that \"all good songs are here, done in high fashion with nothing missing. Production from the hand of Larry Butler, Janice Karman and Ross Bagdasarian is great [...] just listen to 'The Gambler,' 'I Love a Rainy Night,' 'Thank God Tm a Country Boy,' and 'Mama, Don't Let Your Babies Grow Up To Be Chipmunks' for fine entertainment.\" Hardy Price of The Arizona Republic called it \"a wonderful spoof of the current trend in country music [that] couldn't have come", "title": "Urban Chipmunk" }, { "docid": "1058120", "text": "The Nutty Squirrels were a jazz virtual band formed in imitation of Alvin and the Chipmunks. The Nutty Squirrels' music was characterized by their use of scat singing. They received a Top 40 hit in late-1959 as the song \"Uh! Oh!\". They also preceded The Alvin Show in which they appeared on television in 1960 as The Nutty Squirrels Present, but the show's success was rather decreased. The group's first two albums, The Nutty Squirrels and Bird Watching, were released in 1959. The Nutty Squirrels' final album, The Nutty Squirrels Sing A Hard Day's Night and Other Smashes, marked a stylistic change from their first two albums, featuring covers of the Beatles songs. Biography After The Chipmunks' initial success in 1958, plans were almost immediately made to make them into an animated cartoon series. Unfortunately, there were some initial art direction snags (specifically with the character designs) and the show was delayed. This gap resulted in a race between the Chipmunks and an imitative group created by jazz musicians Don Elliott and Granville Burland, which they called the Nutty Squirrels. Both musical groups featured the defining sped-up voices, but Ross Bagdasarian Sr.'s Chipmunks favored popular music while the Squirrels favored jazz, particularly of the bebop variety. Ultimately, the Squirrels made it to television first, in the animated series The Nutty Squirrels Present (appearing in September 1960), but its popularity was decreased as of the originals. \"Uh! Oh! (Part 1)\" peaked at #45 on the Billboard Pop Singles Chart, while \"Uh! Oh! (Part 2)\" peaked at #14. In the 2007 live-action/animated movie Alvin and the Chipmunks, during the credits, Ian Hawke (David Cross) is trying to get three squirrels to sing. Personnel Don Elliott: vocals, trumpet, vibraphone, possible other instruments Granville Alexander \"Sascha\" Burland: vocals Among the New York-based session musicians playing on these albums were Cannonball Adderley, (alto sax), Bobby Jaspar (flute), and Sam Most (clarinet) Discography Albums Singles Reception In his 2019 autobiography, Mr. Know-It-All, John Waters wrote, \"I should have told my mother about the Nutty Squirrels. They did jazz and they weren't junkies. This sped-up vocal group who imitated the Chipmunks actually beat them to television with an animated show called The Nutty Squirrels Present, and they looked down on the pop sound of Alvin and his gang. The Nutty Squirrels actually had a big jazz hit with \"Uh Oh, Part One and Two,\" but if you go back and listen to the rest of their discography, you'll be blown away by some of their other riffs. These cats were smoking! If my mom had heard jazz like this at the wrong speed, she might have loved it.\" Further reading The Rocklopedia Fakebandica by T. Mike Childs, St. Martin's (2004), pg 155 References External links Podcast - includes samples of the Nutty Squirrels Links to mp3s of Nutty Squirrels/Cannonball Adderley session and a slowed-down Elliott scat solo Animated musical groups Fictional squirrels Fictional musical groups RCA Victor artists Musical groups established in 1959 Musical groups disestablished in", "title": "The Nutty Squirrels" }, { "docid": "4456921", "text": "Chipmunks in Low Places is a country album written by John Boylan and Andrew Gold and performed by Alvin and the Chipmunks. It features cover songs as well as original material. Released on September 29, 1992, the album was certified Platinum by the RIAA, becoming the group's first platinum record and making it the Chipmunks' best-selling album. The album reached number 21 on the Billboard 200, becoming their first album to chart in ten years. The album also managed to peak at No. 6 on Billboards Top Country Albums, making it the highest peaking album for the group on the chart. In Canada, the album peaked at number 9, and was number 49 in the Top 50 Country albums of 1993. Storyline Alvin is feeling down about life in general so he tries to lift his spirits to his favorite country songs [track 1]. He brings in his favorite singers to sing with him in his latest album, but every duet ends with an argument [tracks 2-3]. His girlfriend Brittany is in the final process of breaking up with him [tracks 4 and 10]. Coming home to a dirty room, he is so depressed after seeing his guests imitate his mischief that he loses touch with reality and sinks into fairy tale addiction [track 5], refusing to clean his room in the process. At Charlie Daniels's urging, he starts to be nice to his brothers, but the conversation between them results in the unloading of a lot of unpleasant memories [track 6]. Following a concert mishap in Nashville where he cannot resist destroying his and his brothers' instruments [tracks 7-8], he tries to hook up with Waylon Jennings, but Mr. Jennings turns down his overtures and badmouths his natural behavior [track 9]. Having scared everyone else away, he utters one final, futile act of self-indignation [track 11]. Track listing Source: allmusic Personnel Musicians and vocalists Alvin Seville – lead and backing vocals Simon Seville – lead and backing vocals Theodore Seville – lead and backing vocals B. James Lowry – guitar Roy Huskey, Jr. – bass guitar Eddie Bayers – drums Steve Nathan – keyboards Owen Hale – percussion Buddy Emmons – steel guitar Rob Hajacos – fiddle Andrew Gold – keyboards, guitars, and backing vocals John Boylan – keyboards and guitars Billy Burnette – guitar and backing vocals Rainy Haynes – backing vocals Sherwood Ball – backing vocals Gerry Beckley – backing vocals Production credits John Boylan – producer Janice Karman – producer Ross Bagdasarian – producer Warren Peterson – engineer (Nashville unit) Greg Parker – assistant engineer (Nashville unit) Traci Sterling – production coordinator (Nashville unit) Paul Grupp – engineer (Los Angeles unit) Richard Markowitz – assistant engineer (Los Angeles unit) Denice Ferguson – production coordinator (Los Angeles unit) Teri Wegel – production coordinator (Los Angeles unit) Steve \"Boots\" Karman – art direction Tony Le Bruno – cover photo Sandra – cover animation art Kim Ellis – cover animation art Brian Mendelsohn - Digital Recording/Editing Charts References 1992", "title": "Chipmunks in Low Places" }, { "docid": "3255008", "text": "Chipmunk Punk is an album by the Chipmunks, as well as being the first album released by Ross Bagdasarian Jr., after he took over the voices of the Chipmunks after the death of his father in 1972. Despite the title of the album, none of the songs listed are considered to be in the style of real punk rock music. It was released in June 1980 (see 1980 in music). The album peaked at No. 34 on the Billboard 200. It was certified gold by the RIAA on October 14, 1980, becoming the Chipmunks' first gold record. In 2005, it was re-released on CD, although the CD was only available through the official Chipmunks website. In Canada, the album reached No. 59. History The inspiration for the album came when KMET DJ Chuck Taylor played the 12″ version of the Blondie song \"Call Me\" at 45 instead of 33 RPM and announced, in jest, that it was the Chipmunks' latest single. So many requests came for this \"new\" Chipmunks release, that Ross Bagdasarian Jr. and his collaborator Steve Vining rushed to record this album. In addition to \"Call Me,\" the album featured covers of songs by The Knack (\"My Sharona,\" \"Good Girls Don't,\" \"Frustrated\"), The Cars (\"Let's Go\"), Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers (\"Refugee\"), Billy Joel (\"You May Be Right\"), Queen (\"Crazy Little Thing Called Love\"), and Linda Ronstadt (\"How Do I Make You\"). Chipmunk Punk marked the rebirth of the Chipmunk franchise. It was the first new Chipmunk release since 1969's The Chipmunks Go to the Movies. Previous Chipmunk activity ceased in 1972 with the untimely death of franchise creator/producer Ross Bagdasarian Sr. (also known as David Seville) from a heart attack. Though this release followed a long dormancy record-wise, the characters had returned to public view via Saturday morning repeats of the cartoon series The Alvin Show on NBC in 1979. The album sparked a second run of the characters and led to another Saturday morning cartoon series, Alvin and the Chipmunks, which began in 1983 and also aired on NBC. Critical reception The album met mixed critical reviews. Doug Stone of Allmusic called it \"good clean fun\" which \"if nothing else...provides a portrait of a prime period in radio,\" but Rolling Stone panned it, describing the album as a symptom of corporate greed in the world of television animation. Peter Goddard of the Toronto Star gave the album two stars, writing, \"if you want to go out and buy this ridiculous album, go ahead. But remember this: if you do, you'll just encourage Frankie Avalon to come out of retirement. And don’t say I didn’t warn you.\" Bill Provich of the Ottawa Citizen wrote: Gus Walker of The Arizona Republic had this to say about the record: Wayne Robins of Newsday wrote that it was: Most reviews of Chipmunk Punk, even those that were positive, criticized the track listing as featuring comparatively little punk rock in favor of more commercial pop rock and new wave music of", "title": "Chipmunk Punk" }, { "docid": "69560116", "text": "Bagdasarian Productions (also credited as Bagdasarian Company) is an American production company founded by Ross Bagdasarian Sr. (1919-1972) (also known as David Seville) on February 20, 1961. The company holds the rights to Alvin and the Chipmunks and related intellectual property assets. The company is currently owned and operated in by Ross Bagdasarian Jr. and Janice Karman. The company has co-produced many television series, specials, and films and initiated multiple lawsuits to protect the characters. On November 2, 2021, it was announced that the company and the Chipmunks franchise were being put up for sale for $300 million. Paramount Global (formerly ViacomCBS) was reported to be an interested buyer. Filmography Television shows Feature films Lawsuits Main Universal Studios, Inc. (2000) Bagdasarian Productions sued for a payment of $100 million for a breach of contract. Universal allegedly failed to additionally, Bagdasarian Productions claimed that the entertainment company never intended to honor the agreement to promote the characters within family entertainment and animation arms. Bagdasarian Productions won their suit and regained control of the Alvin and the Chipmunks characters in 2002. Capitol Records, Inc. (2008–2011) Part One: (2008, 2010) Bagdasarian Productions sued Capitol Records for using Alvin and the Chipmunks' music without the permission of the production company. The licensing agreement, which gave the record company the right to manufacture and distribute songs, was signed in 1968 (about four years before Ross Bagdasarian, Sr.'s death) and was not seen again until 2007. Bagdasarian Productions claimed that the recording company had been making money on pre-1972 songs sung by The Chipmunks' outside of the music industry in films, television, and other ventures in violation of specific contractual language. Though Capitol Records initially won the case, the decision was reversed in 2010 when Bagdasarian appealed. The appellate court held that the productions company has the exclusive right to perform the recordings. Part Two: (2011) Bagdasarian Productions sued for payment from (2005–09) of royalties because of a breach of contract. According to the suit, Capitol Records sent royalties to The Harry Fox Agency Inc., Bagdasarian Productions' former agent, who sent them back since the agency wasn't representing them anymore. The record company allegedly pocketed this portion of royalties for Bagdasarian Productions. The productions company claimed approximately $0.09 per song reproduced or distributed during the four years was due. 20th Century Fox (2010–2012) Bagdasarian Productions sued for payment associated with Janice Karman's contributions to the script of the second CGI/live-action film Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Squeakquel. Fox asked Karman to re-write the screenplay after the company was dissatisfied with their writer's initial draft. She sought 50 percent of the movie's profits. Additionally, Bagdasarian Productions claimed a breach of contract due to Fox licensing the film to HBO, decreasing possible revenue, and underpaid royalties on the film's soundtrack, the Alvin and the Chipmunks''' soundtrack, and other merchandise. All claims ruled in favor of Fox. Minor St. Clair Entertainment Group, Inc. (2009) Bagdasarian Productions sued St. Clair Entertainment Group for allegedly advertising and selling an infringing music", "title": "Bagdasarian Productions" }, { "docid": "12783559", "text": "Alvin and the Chipmunks is a 2007 video game based on the film of the same name. It follows The Chipmunks as they play their way from small venues (such as a high school prom or a civic center) to massive crowds at Burning Munk and ultimately Rockathonapalooza. The soundtrack features 40 songs, including \"All the Small Things\" by Blink-182, \"It's Tricky\" by Run-D.M.C., \"Everything You Want\" by Vertical Horizon, and \"Heartbreak Hotel\" by Elvis Presley. The gameplay itself is similar to other rhythm games such as Rock Band and Guitar Hero. Jason Lee reprised his role as David Seville in the story cutscenes while Ross Bagdasarian, Jr. and Janice Karman reprise their roles from the 1980s-2000s cartoons. A second installment, Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Squeakquel, was released on December 1, 2009 to coincide with the release of the film of the same name. Plot The Chipmunks play at various venues to save their favorite music club. Each venue is unlocked once a trio-set of songs have been completed. Reception The game received generally negative reviews. GameRankings gave the game a 37/100 for the Wii version based on 2 reviews, a 42/100 for the PS2 version based on 2 reviews, a 39/100 based on 1 review, and a 45/100 for the DS version without any reviews. References External links Official game website IGN page Yahoo! Finance hosted press release about the game Alvin and the Chipmunks Wii games Nintendo DS games PlayStation 2 games Windows games 2007 video games Band-playing video games Multiplayer and single-player video games Video games based on films Video games developed in the United States Sensory Sweep Studios games Brash Entertainment games", "title": "Alvin and the Chipmunks (video game)" } ]	[ { "docid": "1099274", "text": "Clyde Crashcup is a fictional character from the early 1960s animated television series The Alvin Show. He is a scientist in a white coat who tends to \"invent\" things that had already been invented; his experiments invariably fail. He usually invented by penciling the concept in air, with the picture becoming the actual object. The character has also appeared in comics and other Alvin and the Chipmunks works after The Alvin Show. Creation Clyde Crashcup was created by Ross Bagdasarian. He is voiced by Shepard Menken mimicking the enunciation of Richard Haydn's nasal-voiced character Edwin Carp. Character details Crashcup is a scientist in a white coat whose experiments invariably failed. His was the only voice heard in many of the episodes because the other main character in the series was his assistant Leonardo, who only whispered into Clyde's ear. Clyde Crashcup was primarily an inventor rather than a researcher, although he tended to \"invent\" things that had already been invented. However, in one episode, he built a functioning time machine. He typically would invent something by taking a pencil out of his lab coat's pocket and drawing a picture in midair of his conception: the picture would then become the actual object. With the release of \"This Is Your Life Clyde CrashCup\" it shows him for the first time of wearing black pants and black bowtie and a grey shirt. Clyde's catchphrase was to break down the name of his invention into its metonymic elements to explain his thought process. For example, when asked to justify the invention of the telephone, he would say \"That's 'tele-' for tele and '-phone' for phone: telephone.\" In the show He didn't fail most of the time but in the comics he did it was because the inventions were becoming harder and harder. In one episode, though, Clyde invented a wife, voiced by June Foray. Clyde had one of the four segments, and the Chipmunks starred in the other three (two of which were musical segments). In the episode \"Crashcup Invents the Birthday Party\", Foray provided the (all too audible) voice for the mother of Crashcup's inaudible assistant, Leonardo. When The Alvin Show ended in 1962 There was a new show called The Jetsons.But if you look carefully You'll see that George has a hair sticking out of his head and that is just like Clyde but he has all of his hair sticking up. Other media Dell Comics published 5 issues of a \"Clyde Crashcup\" comic book from Aug-Oct 1963 to Sept-Nov 1964. During a period spanning parts of 1963 and 1964, Dell also published a 12¢ and a 25¢ comic book titled \"Alvin and His Pals in Merry Christmas with Clyde Crashcup and Leonardo\", in which Clyde and Leonardo appear throughout. All were written by John Stanley. In 1981, Crashcup appeared on the TV-special A Chipmunk Christmas, in a dream sequence; he told Alvin that he'd just invented Santa Claus. True to Crashcup's earlier form, his Santa is shown as Abraham Lincoln", "title": "Clyde Crashcup" }, { "docid": "19660671", "text": "This is the complete discography of the fictional music group Alvin and the Chipmunks. Albums 1959: Let's All Sing with The Chipmunks 1960: Sing Again with The Chipmunks 1960: Around the World with The Chipmunks 1961: The Alvin Show 1962: The Chipmunk Songbook 1962: Christmas with The Chipmunks 1963: Christmas with The Chipmunks Vol. 2 1964: The Chipmunks Sing the Beatles Hits 1965: The Chipmunks Sing with Children 1965: Chipmunks à Go-Go 1968: The Chipmunks See Doctor Dolittle 1969: The Chipmunks Go to the Movies 1975: The Very Best of The Chipmunks 1980: Chipmunk Punk 1981: Urban Chipmunk 1981: A Chipmunk Christmas 1982: Chipmunk Rock 1982: The Chipmunks Go Hollywood 1982: Chipmunk Mania 1982: The Chipmunks' 20 All Time Golden Greats 1984: Songs from Our TV Shows 1985: The Chipmunks 'Munk Rock 1987: The Chipmunk Adventure 1988: Solid Gold Chipmunks: 30 Years of Great Hits 1988: The Chipmunks and The Chipettes: Born to Rock 1991: Rockin' Through the Decades 1991: The Chipmunks Rock the House 1992: Chipmunks in Low Places 1992: Greatest Hits 1992: A Chipmunk Christmas (CD version) 1993: Urban Chipmunk (CD version) 1993: The Chipmunks' 35th Birthday Party 1993: The Chipmunks Sing-Alongs (two albums: Ragtime Cowboy Joe and Working on the Railroad) 1994: Here's Looking at Me! 35 Years of Chipmunk Classics 1994: A Very Merry Chipmunk 1995: When You Wish Upon a Chipmunk 1996: Club Chipmunk: The Dance Mixes 1998: The A-Files: Alien Songs 1999: Greatest Hits: Still Squeaky After All These Years (original) 1999: The Chipmunks' Greatest Christmas Hits 2003: Merry Christmas from the Chipmunks 2003: The Chipmunks Show: Best of the Chipmunks (released in Japan only) 2004: Little Alvin and the Mini-Munks 2007: Greatest Hits: Still Squeaky After All These Years (re-release) 2007: Alvin and the Chipmunks: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack 2007: Christmas with the Chipmunks (2007 album) (contains all 24 songs from Christmas with the Chipmunks and Christmas with the Chipmunks Vol. 2, plus the 1968 version of \"The Chipmunk Song\" with Canned Heat as a bonus song at the end of the album) 2008: Christmas with the Chipmunks (2008 album) 2008: Undeniable 2009: Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Squeakquel: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack 2011: Alvin and the Chipmunks: Chipwrecked: Music from the Motion Picture 2012: Chipmunks Christmas 2013: All the Hits and Then Some 2015: We're the Chipmunks (Music From the TV Show) 2015: Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Road Chip: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack Vinyl re-release albums 1974: Christmas With The Chipmunks (United Artists UA-LA352-E2) (2-LP repackage of Christmas With The Chipmunks and Christmas With The Chipmunks Vol. 2) 1975: Christmas With The Chipmunks (Mistletoe MLP-1216) 1975: Christmas With The Chipmunks Vol. 2 (Mistletoe MLP-1217) 1980: Christmas With The Chipmunks (Pickwick SPC-1034) (reuses the cover artwork from the United Artists re-release, with the original front cover of Christmas With The Chipmunks Vol. 2 on the front and Christmas With The Chipmunks on the back) 1980: The Twelve Days Of Christmas With The Chipmunks (re-release of Christmas With The Chipmunks Vol. 2, mono", "title": "Alvin and the Chipmunks discography" }, { "docid": "24856884", "text": "Ginny McSwain is an American voice director, voice actress, casting director, and television producer. Life and career McSwain graduated from Stephens College in 1974, before moving to Los Angeles. She has worked as casting director on numerous projects for Hanna-Barbera, including The All-New Scooby and Scrappy-Doo Show, The Kwicky Koala Show and The Smurfs. McSwain's first job as voice director was for the English-language version of Lucky Luke. She won a 2006 Daytime Emmy for The Batman and subsequently a 2010 and 2011 Emmy for Fanboy & Chum Chum. Among her most well-known animation productions are The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius, My Little Pony, Bump in the Night, and Goof Troop. In 2013, McSwain voice directed Transformers: Rescue Bots, Randy Cunningham: 9th Grade Ninja and Gravity Falls. Since 2016, she is the voice director for the Netflix animated series Spirit Riding Free. She is currently casting and voice directing If You Give a Mouse a Cookie and The Rocketeer. Filmography Television Bobby's World - Director (in \"Fish Tales\") and (in \"The Smell of a Tattletale\") CB Bears - Sheena Galaxy Goof-Ups - Additional Voices Superman - Lois Lane, Faora, Ursa The All New Popeye Hour - Additional voices The New Shmoo - Additional Voices Transformers: Rescue Bots - Dr. McSwain Yogi's Space Race - Additional Voices Film Scooby Goes Hollywood - Girl Fan, Kerry, Secretary I Know That Voice - Herself Crew work Aladdin - Voice Director (season 1) Alvin and the Chipmunks Meet Frankenstein - Casting Director and Voice Director Alvin and the Chipmunks Meet the Wolfman - Casting Director and Voice Director Ape Escape - Voice Director Bobby's World - Voice Director (80 episodes) Bonkers - Voice Director Bump in the Night - Voice Director Camp Candy - Casting and Voice Director Captain Planet and the Planeteers - Casting Director (seasons 1–2) and Recording Director (Season 4 episodes 1–13) Casper - Casting Director and Voice Director (season 1–2) CatDog - Casting director ChalkZone - Casting and Voice Director Charlotte's Web 2: Wilbur's Great Adventure - Casting Director and Voice Director Danger Rangers - Voice Director Darkwing Duck - Dialogue Director Detroit Docona - Voice Director Dink, the Little Dinosaur - Voice Director Earthworm Jim - Voice Director and Casting director (season 2) Fanboy & Chum Chum - Voice Director (2009-2010) (12 episodes) G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero - Voice Director (\"Operation: Dragonfire\" mini-series) G.I. Joe: Renegades - Casting and Voice Director God of War - Additional Voice-Over Director Goof Troop - Dialogue Director Gravity Falls - Dialogue Director Hellboy: Blood and Iron - Voice Director Hellboy: Sword of Storms - Voice Director If You Give a Mouse a Cookie - Casting Director and Voice Director Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius - Casting Director Kermit's Swamp Years - Voice Casting Director Kidd Video - Voice Director Kid Icarus: Uprising - Voice Director Kid 'n Play - Voice Director Little Clowns of Happytown - Voice Director Little Wizards - Voice Director Lucky Luke - Voice Director Marsupilami -", "title": "Ginny McSwain" }, { "docid": "3743635", "text": "\"Witch Doctor\" is a 1958 American novelty song written and performed by Ross Bagdasarian, under his stage name David Seville. It became a number one hit and rescued Liberty Records from near-bankruptcy. In the song, the singer asks a witch doctor for romantic advice; the witch doctor responds in a high-pitched squeaky voice with a nonsense incantation which creates an earworm. The technique developed in this song for the voice of the witch doctor was later used for the creation of the voices of the Alvin and the Chipmunks. Composition and recording David Seville wrote the song, inspired by a book titled Duel with the Witch Doctor on his bookshelf. In the song, the narrator asks a witch doctor for advice on what to do because he has fallen in love with a girl, and the witch doctor replies with a gibberish line: \"Oo-ee, oo-ah-ah, ting-tang, walla-walla bing-bang, oo-ee, oo-ah-ah, ting-tang, walla-walla bang-bang\". Seville had spent 200 dollars, a significant sum at that time, on a tape recorder, and he borrowed an idea that Les Paul had introduced (to create impossibly high-pitched guitar parts): He recorded his voice at a different speed to create a dialogue between him and the witch doctor. He sang in his own voice as normal, and then overdubbed the song with the voice of the \"witch doctor\", which is in fact Seville's own voice sung slowly but recorded at half speed on the tape recorder, then played back at normal speed (the voice was therefore sped up to become a high pitched squeaky one). Seville recorded the music first, and then experimented with the process for creating the singing voice for two months before recording it in the studio. It was said that when Si Waronker from the financially-troubled Liberty label heard the resulting song, they released it to reach the shops within 24 hours. The same technique used for creating the voice of the witch doctor was used in Seville's next song \"The Bird on My Head\", and then more significantly the highly successful Chipmunks (also known as Alvin and the Chipmunks) beginning with \"The Chipmunk Song (Christmas Don't Be Late)\" released for the Christmas of 1958. Initially released under David Seville alone, \"Witch Doctor\" was also released under the name of David Seville and the Chipmunks, and re-recorded under the name Alvin and the Chipmunks. The technique was also imitated by other recording artist such as Sheb Wooley in \"The Purple People Eater\", and The Big Bopper, who parodied both songs on \"The Purple People Eater Meets The Witch Doctor\", which was originally released as a single, but it was its flip-side \"Chantilly Lace\" that became the hit. Chart performance The song peaked at on the Billboard Top 100, the predecessor to the Billboard Hot 100. The single was considered a major surprise hit on the chart, where it became Seville and Liberty Records' first single, and stayed in the position for three weeks. The single also peaked at on the Billboard R&B", "title": "Witch Doctor (song)" }, { "docid": "15957704", "text": "The Chipmunks Sing with Children is an album by Alvin and the Chipmunks with David Seville. It was released on January 1, 1965, by Liberty Records. Track listing Tracks 8 and 10 were reissued on The Chipmunks Go to the Movies (1969) Production Credits adapted from 1965 vinyl release. Ross Bagdasarian – Alvin, Simon, Theodore, David Seville Jimmy Joyce Children's Chorus – chorus Pete King – arranger Bob Doherty – engineer Rober Marshutz – cover photograph References 1965 albums Alvin and the Chipmunks albums Liberty Records albums Albums produced by Ross Bagdasarian", "title": "The Chipmunks Sing with Children" }, { "docid": "1792566", "text": "In entertainment, a virtual band (also called a virtual idol, virtual singer, virtual group, cartoon group, cartoon idol, cartoon singer or cartoon band) is a band or music group whose depicted members are not people, but animated characters or virtual avatars. The music is recorded (and, in the case of concerts, performed) by real musicians and producers, while any media related to the virtual band, including albums, video clips and the visual component of stage performances, feature the animated line-up; in many cases the virtual band members have been credited as the writers and performers of the songs. Live performances can become rather complex, requiring perfect synchronization between the visual and audio components of the show. The term virtual band was popularized with Gorillaz in 2000. However, the concept of the virtual band was first demonstrated by Alvin and the Chipmunks in 1958, when their creator, Ross Bagdasarian, accelerated recordings of his own voice to achieve the \"chipmunk voice\". There have since been numerous virtual bands that have recorded material. Computer animation, traditional animation, and vocal mixing and manipulation are common features. The term virtual idol originates from Japan, where it dates back to the 1980s and has roots in anime and Japanese idol culture. Popular virtual idols include the Vocaloid singer Hatsune Miku and the virtual YouTuber Kizuna AI. The term is sometimes confused for music groups who collaborate using the Internet, who do not require members to be in the same physical place for their work. Members The members of virtual groups are depicted as animated characters, with their own personality, voice, history, and playing style. For example, Alvin, the leader of the Chipmunks, is mischievous, and Skeleton Staff's Guitarist Stanton is a party-going underachiever. Furthermore, Freen in Green's bassist Sparky is sluggish, Murdoc of Gorillaz is a middle-aged satanic bass player. Another example is Hatsune Miku who does not have a definite personality; her personality changes in each song based on interactions from the users of Vocaloid. The style of animation used for depicting the characters varies. Some groups and idols, like The Archies, Gorillaz, Dethklok, The Banana Splits, Prozzäk, One-T, Dvar, Renard Queenston, VBirds, One eskimO and Alvin and the Chipmunks are hand-drawn characters, and much of their media uses traditional animation and cartooning techniques. Others, such as Hatsune Miku, Kizuna Ai, Crazy Frog, Genki Rockets, Gummibär, Pinocchio, The Bots, Studio Killers, Beatcats, K/DA, Your Favorite Martian, Hololive and Mave: are computer-generated. Some people consider puppetry as a form of animation; this consideration means groups like Dr. Teeth and the Electric Mayhem or 31 Minutes can be considered virtual bands. Production In studio The recording of the music is done by the human musicians and artists, whom the virtual artists are depicted to emulate. In some cases, the singing is done by machines or synthesizer applications, like the Hatsune Miku vocaloid. This is done using the normal in-studio recording process; see Sound recording for a detailed explanation. In some instances, most notably The Chipmunks, manipulation of", "title": "Virtual band" }, { "docid": "4254044", "text": "Alvin and the Chipmunks is a virtual band created by Ross Bagdasarian, Sr., for a novelty record in 1958. Alvin and the Chipmunks may also refer to: The Alvin Show, featuring Alvin and the Chipmunks and Clyde Crashcup, a TV series aired from 1961 to 1962 Alvin and the Chipmunks (1983 TV series), a TV series aired from 1983 to 1990 Alvin and the Chipmunks in film, a series of feature-length films Alvin and the Chipmunks Meet Frankenstein (1999) Alvin and the Chipmunks Meet the Wolfman (2000) Alvin and the Chipmunks (film) (2007) Alvin and the Chipmunks (video game), a video game based on the film Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Squeakquel (2009) Alvin and the Chipmunks: Chipwrecked (2011) Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Road Chip (2015) Alvinnn!!! and the Chipmunks, a CGI animated TV series aired from 2015 to 2023", "title": "Alvin and the Chipmunks (disambiguation)" }, { "docid": "62767121", "text": "The Chipmunks See Doctor Dolittle is a 1968 album by Alvin and the Chipmunks with David Seville, released by Sunset Records. The storyline linking each song consists of the Chipmunks and Dave having just finished viewing the musical film Doctor Dolittle starring Rex Harrison with songs by Leslie Bricusse. Alvin, Simon and Theodore enjoyed the film so much that they beg Dave to let them see it again, who agrees on the condition that they allowed themselves to be quizzed on different aspects of the plot. One single was released from the album: \"Talk to the Animals\" b/w \"My Friend the Doctor\". The Chipmunks See Doctor Dolittle has never been reissued on CD or as a digital download. Track listing All songs written by Leslie Bricusse. Side One \"Doctor Dolittle\" – 2:56 \"My Friend the Doctor\" – 4:32 \"Talk to the Animals\" – 3:42 \"When I Look In Your Eyes\" – 2:39 Side Two \"Fabulous Places\" – 3:01 \"I've Never Seen Anything Like It\" – 2:30 \"Beautiful Things\" – 3:07 \"Finale: Doctor Dolittle/My Friend the Doctor\" – 2:04 References Alvin and the Chipmunks albums 1968 albums Liberty Records albums Sunset Records albums", "title": "The Chipmunks See Doctor Dolittle" }, { "docid": "30675690", "text": "Studio Sonica is a Polish dubbing studio that was founded in 1993. The studio not only commissions dubbed versions of content for its clients, but also lectured versions. Clients Warner Bros. 20th Century Fox DreamWorks Canal+ Poland ITI Cinema Disney Character Voices International Minimax (now known as ZigZap) BBC Worldwide MiniMini Content Fantastic Four (2005 film) Asterix and Obelix vs Caesar Astro Boy A Bug's Life E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial Good Boy! The Polar Express Ice Age Ice Age: The Meltdown Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs Eragon Garfield: The Movie Star Wars: The Clone Wars Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith Cheaper by the Dozen Horton Hears a Who! Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets Meet Dave Braceface 6teen Atomic Betty The Spooktacular New Adventures of Casper Battle B-Daman The Jetsons Duel Masters Cubix Ed, Edd n Eddy Huntik: Secrets & Seekers Super Hero Squad Show The Large Family Titeuf Supa Strikas Ruby Gloom The Green Squad Lou! Alvin and the Chipmunks Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Squeakquel Alvin and the Chipmunks: Chipwrecked Winx Club (Seasons 4 and 8) Monsters and Pirates (TV edition) The Iron Giant Rockin' with Judy Jetson ¡Mucha Lucha! NASCAR 3D: The Imax Experience Raa Raa the Noisy Lion Ice Age: A Mammoth Christmas Total Drama Hey Duggee Eliot Kid Penguins of Madagascar The Bob's Burgers Movie Aquaman Justice League Zack Snyder's Justice League The Batman Black Adam Blue Beetle Shazam! Wonder Woman Gus the Itsy Bitsy Knight DC Super Hero Girls Skunk Fu! Chop Socky Chooks The Simpsons Movie Peter Pan & Wendy Staff Managers Roman Szafrański Olga Szlachcic Directors Miriam Aleksandrowicz Jerzy Dominik Magdalena Gnatowska Piotr Kozłowski Andrzej Mastalerz Jacek Kopczyński Jacek Rozenek Piotr Zelt Jarosław Boberek Voice actors Janusz Wituch Jerzy Dominik Miriam Aleksandrowicz Anna Apostolakis Tomasz Bednarek Grzegorz Hardej Grzegorz Drojewski Jarosław Boberek Jarosław Domin Jonasz Tołopiło Mirosława Niemczyk Anna Sztejner Jan Radzikowski Elżbieta Jędrzejewska Karina Szafrańska Witold Wysota Dariusz Kurzelewski Anna Ułas Aleksander Czyż Modest Ruciński Agata Buzek Katarzyna Godlewska Maciej Zakościelny Anna Sroka Jacek Bończyk Marcin Przybylski Brygida Turowska Agnieszka Kunikowska Łukasz Talik Beata Deskur Jan Aleksandrowicz Michał Głowacki Agnieszka Kudelska Joanna Górniak Dorota Furtak Waldemar Barwiński Katarzyna Łaska Michał Maciejewski Miłogost Reczek Joanna Pach Robert Kudelski Hanna Kinder-Kiss Klementyna Umer Piotr Kozłowski Katarzyna Pysiak Monika Węgiel Monika Ambroziak Beata Deskur Paweł Ciołkosz Marta Zygadło Magdalena Stużyńska Karolina Dryzner Mieczysław Morański Jerzy Mazur Jacek Czyż Agata Gawrońska-Bauman Adam Bauman Paweł Szczesny Sławomir Pacek Arkadiusz Jakubik Olga Bończyk Beata Wyrąbkiewicz Aleksandra Rojewska Elżbieta Kopocińska Krystyna Kozanecka Joanna Jabłczyńska Adam Pluciński Jakub Truszczyński Wit Apostolakis-Gluziński Mateusz Narloch Monika Pikuła Robert Tondera Krzysztof Szczerbiński Marcin Łabno Ewa Dałkowska Wiesława Mazurkiewicz Maria Peszek Magdalena Karel Lucyna Malec Julia Kołakowska Magdalena Różczka Joanna Jędryka Julia Malska Edyta Jungowska Agnieszka Fajlhauer Katarzyna Owczarz Kamilla Baar Wojciech Duryasz Aleksander Gręziak Włodzimierz Bednarski Przemysław Stippa Leszek Zduń Krzysztof Gosztyła Marian Opania Jan Prochyra Kajetan Lewandowski Kacper Kuszewski Damian Walczak Sergiusz Żymełka Mateusz Maksiak Andrzej Chudy Artur Pontek Iwo", "title": "Studio Sonica" }, { "docid": "5029354", "text": "The A-Files: Alien Songs is a 1998 music album by Alvin and the Chipmunks, released by Sony Wonder. The album's concept parodied the Fox TV series The X-Files. Track listing \"The Purple People Eater\" (Sheb Wooley; originally performed by Sheb Wooley) - The Chipmunks – 3:35 \"Men in Black\" (Will Smith/Patrice Rushen/Terri McFadden/Freddie Washington; originally performed by Will Smith and featured in the 1997 film of the same name) - The Chipmunks – 3:46 \"X-Files Theme\" (Mark Snow; originally featured in the television series The X-Files) - Alvin and Brittany – 3:06 \"Rocket Man\" (Elton John/Bernie Taupin; originally performed by Elton John) - The Chipmunks – 3:36 \"Venus\" (Robbie van Leeuwen; originally performed by Shocking Blue) - The Chipettes – 3:33 \"The Time Warp\" (Richard O'Brien/Richard Hartley; originally featured in the 1973 musical The Rocky Horror Show and its 1975 film adaptation) - The Chipmunks and The Chipettes – 3:41 \"People Are Strange\" (Jim Morrison/Robby Krieger; originally performed by The Doors) - The Chipmunks – 3:23 \"Star Wars: Cantina Band\" (John Williams; originally featured in the 1977 film Star Wars) - The Chipmunks – 2:44 \"Mr. Spaceman\" (Jim McGuinn; originally performed by The Byrds) - The Chipmunks – 2:56 \"Destination Unknown\" (Dale Bozzio/Terry Bozzio/Warren Cuccurullo; originally performed by Missing Persons) - The Chipettes – 3:32 Sources: Amazon AllMusic References 1998 albums Alvin and the Chipmunks albums Columbia Records albums", "title": "The A-Files: Alien Songs" }, { "docid": "76423714", "text": "Ebrahim Shafiei () (born 1975) is an Iranian voice actor and actor. He entered Tabriz theater art field since 1990, after he entered voice acting profession since 2001 and is joined to the Association of Voice Actors and Supervisors of Film speech. His voice acting performance in Persian include: Anastasia (Dimitri's father), Beauty and the Beast (Clock), Finding Nemo (Crash, old turtle, and one of the dentistry aquarium fish), SpongeBob SquarePants (Patrick Star), The Incredibles (Syndrome and Wonder Boy), The Hunchback of Notre Dame (Statue in the church), The Lion King (Timon) and Alvin and the Chipmunks (Theodore). References Iranian male voice actors Iranian male film actors Iranian male television actors People from Tabriz Living people 1975 births 20th-century Iranian male actors 21st-century Iranian male actors", "title": "Ebrahim Shafiei" }, { "docid": "8094221", "text": "Chipmunk Rock is a children's album by Alvin and the Chipmunks featuring covers of various rock hits, mostly from the late 1970s and early 1980s, plus one original tune. The album name and cover is a parody of Deep Purple's Deep Purple in Rock. The cover depicts a rock sculpture inspired by Mount Rushmore in which Alvin replaces Theodore Roosevelt while Simon and Theodore are seen on the ground. Scenario Chipmunk Rock starts off with the Chipmunks practicing the song \"Down by the Old Mill Stream\" for a performance at the local PTA. David Seville enjoys what he hears and enthusiastically says \"Sounds great. The PTA is just gonna love it, fellas!\" Dave then departs and cautiously warns, \"and remember: none of that rock and roll business.\" Alvin reassures the slightly skeptical father \"Wouldn't think of it, Dave.\" Once Dave is out the door, Alvin quietly says \"Hit it, fellas!\" and then breaks into a rousing rendition of Kim Carnes' \"Bette Davis Eyes.\" Nine additional songs follow, with Theodore finally asking the boys, \"What should we sing next?\" Simon spots Dave coming up the driveway as Alvin says \"How about 'Calling All Girls'?\" The boys then resume singing \"Down by the Old Mill Stream\" just in time for Dave to walk in on them. Track listing Notes The trio name-check the not-yet-created Chipettes in the song \"Leader of the Pack,\" when Alvin balks at the idea of singing what he deems \"a girl's song!\" Theodore then jokes \"So? You've never heard of the Chipettes?\" Two years after the release of Chipmunk Rock, The Chipettes would come to be, and made their debut on the 1984 album Songs from Our TV Shows. In Canada, the album reached number 44 in the pop charts. References 1982 albums Alvin and the Chipmunks albums RCA Records albums", "title": "Chipmunk Rock" }, { "docid": "3222171", "text": "Alvin and the Chipmunks Meet the Wolfman is a 2000 American animated horror musical dark comedy film produced by Bagdasarian Productions and Universal Cartoon Studios and based on characters from Alvin and the Chipmunks. It is the second Alvin and the Chipmunks direct-to-video film following Alvin and the Chipmunks Meet Frankenstein, and the third of three Universal Cartoon Studios productions to be animated overseas by Tama Productions in Tokyo, Japan. The film introduces the voices of Maurice LaMarche and Miriam Flynn. Plot After watching too many horror movies, Alvin has nightmares of meeting the Wolfman. He claims to Simon and Dave that it is because their new neighbor, Lawrence Talbot, creeps him out and speculates that he's hiding something. When Alvin causes another accident at the school auditorium, and when Dave gets a call from Miss Miller about the Chipettes being spooked by something while walking home with the Chipmunks one night, Dave and Principal Milliken decide that Alvin should be pulled out of his role as Mr. Hyde in their school play for Dr. Jekyll and Mr Hyde. Theodore replaces Alvin's role to boost his self-esteem. Alvin is given the role of the butler instead and Dave confiscates Alvin's monster collection. Alvin and Simon begin searching for proof that Mr. Talbot is a werewolf. Meanwhile, Theodore is bitten by what he believes to be a large dog on his way home, after a meeting with his crush Eleanor. The next day at the rehearsal, Theodore does a terrifying impression of Mr. Hyde to great applause. Later, Theodore transforms into a puppy-like werewolf by night, and his personality changes. Realizing that their brother is cursed with lycanthropy, Alvin and Simon search for a way to cure Theodore, and save the play, without Dave finding out. Finding no solutions, they decide to take up advice from psychic Madame Raya, who claims that Theodore is close to his animal state and will soon become an adult werewolf. She suggests knocking him out with a silver cane before the next full moon, when the transformation will be complete. Alvin later breaks into Mr. Talbot's home and steals his silver cane. Theodore splits the cane in two after Alvin knocks him with it, but he is not cured. However, as he runs away with the cane, he knocks it into Dave. That night, Dave tries to apologize to Mr. Talbot. During the conversation, Talbot mentions an ancestor killed by a silver bullet and transforms by looking into the full moon. Terrified, Dave, fully realizing that Alvin was telling the truth about Talbot all along, quickly hurries off to the school to warn the kids. However, he's knocked unconscious running into a pole. Mr. Talbot makes his way inside and chases after Alvin. During the play, Theodore turns into a werewolf and attacks Eleanor. However, after cornering her, a necklace Theodore gave Eleanor earlier shines in the moonlight, causing Theodore to remember his feelings towards her and flee. Eleanor follows him, determined to help him,", "title": "Alvin and the Chipmunks Meet the Wolfman" }, { "docid": "1585338", "text": "Simon Waronker (March 4, 1915 – June 7, 2005) was an American violinist and record producer from Los Angeles, California, best known for co-founding Liberty Records. Biography Graduating from high school at 13 years old, he won a scholarship to study music in France. Waronker began to establish his music career in Germany, but was forced to return to the United States when Nazi Party members began to threaten Jews. From 1939 to 1955, Waronker recorded music for 20th Century Fox films. At least one source described this role as an orchestra contractor. He then chose to enter the music industry independently, co-founding Liberty Records and serving as its chairman. The first artist he signed was popular singer Julie London. One of the major acts who recorded on Liberty Records was The Chipmunks, actually Ross Bagdasarian, who recorded as David Seville. Seville named The Chipmunks (Alvin, Simon, and Theodore) after Liberty Records executives Alvin Bennett, Simon Waronker, and Theodore Keep, respectively. In 1963, facing health problems, Waronker sold his interest in Liberty to the electronics firm Avnet. He died in 2005 at age 90 and is buried at Hillside Memorial Park Cemetery in Culver City, California. Record producer Lenny Waronker is Simon's son. Lenny has five children; musicians Joey Waronker and Anna Waronker, interior designer Katherine Waronker, Lily Waronker, and Grace Waronker. References Reuters news story on death published on Launch Yahoo 9 June 2005 1915 births 2005 deaths Record producers from California American expatriates in France American expatriates in Germany American people of German-Jewish descent Burials at Hillside Memorial Park Cemetery Jewish American musicians 20th-century American musicians 20th-century American Jews 21st-century American Jews Waronker family", "title": "Simon Waronker" }, { "docid": "21519851", "text": "Solid Gold Chipmunks is a 30th anniversary compilation music album by Alvin and the Chipmunks, released in 1988 on LP and cassette by Chipmunk Records (Ross Bagdasarian) Track listing Side one \"We're the Chipmunks\" (from the album Songs From Our TV Shows originally) \"Witch Doctor\" (originally by Ross Bagdasarian, Sr., based on Songs From Our TV Shows version) \"Beat It\" (from Songs From Our TV Shows originally) \"Captain Chipmunk\" (from Songs From Our TV Shows originally) \"Girls Just Want to Have Fun\" (from Songs From Our TV Shows originally) \"The Chipmunk Song (Christmas Don't Be Late)\" (originally by Ross Bagdasarian, Sr., based on A Chipmunk Christmas version) Side two \"Alvin for President\" \"Let's Go\" (originally from Chipmunk Punk, re-recorded for this album) \"Thank God I'm a Country Boy\" (from Urban Chipmunk originally) \"Leader of the Pack\" (from Chipmunk Rock originally) \"Mammas Don't Let Your Babies Grow Up to Be Chipmunks\" (from Urban Chipmunk originally) 1988 compilation albums Alvin and the Chipmunks albums Buena Vista Records albums Albums produced by Ross Bagdasarian", "title": "Solid Gold Chipmunks" }, { "docid": "62866222", "text": "Matthew Friedman is an American film editor and senior lecturer at the AFI Conservatory. He won the American Cinema Editors Eddie Award for best feature film editing for his work on Palm Springs, which broke the existing Sundance film sales record by sixty-nine cents. Friedman was nominated for the ACE Eddie the previous year as well for The Farewell, his third collaboration with director Lulu Wang, His credits also include John Tucker Must Die, What Happens in Vegas, Step Up Revolution, and Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Squeakquel. (edited the second film of Alvin and the Chipmunks; following the retirement of Peter E. Berger) Friedman played the voice of the talking bird in Scary Movie 2. Friedman is a member of the American Cinema Editors and the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Partial filmography References External links Year of birth missing (living people) Living people American Cinema Editors Northwestern University alumni People from Oak Ridge, Tennessee Film people from Los Angeles", "title": "Matthew Friedman (film editor)" }, { "docid": "15957510", "text": "Around the World with The Chipmunks is the third album by Alvin and the Chipmunks with David Seville. Released on January 1, 1960, by Liberty Records. it was the last album to be originally issued with realistic-looking chipmunks on the cover, then reissued the following year with a new cover utilizing the character redesign for The Alvin Show. Track listing References 1960 albums Alvin and the Chipmunks albums Liberty Records albums Albums produced by Ross Bagdasarian Concept albums", "title": "Around the World with The Chipmunks" }, { "docid": "5094642", "text": "\"The Chipmunk Song (Christmas Don't Be Late)\" is a novelty Christmas song written by Ross Bagdasarian (under the stage name of David Seville) in 1958. Bagdasarian sang and recorded the song, varying the tape speeds to produce high-pitched \"chipmunk\" voices, with the vocals credited to Alvin and the Chipmunks, Seville's cartoon virtual band. The song won three Grammy Awards in 1958, for Best Comedy Performance, Best Children's Recording, and Best Engineered Record (non-classical); it was also nominated for Record of the Year. Commercial performance The song was very successful, reaching No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 Pop Singles chart, becoming The Chipmunks' first (and only), as well as David Seville's second and final, No. 1 single. It had the distinction of being the only Christmas record to reach No. 1 on the same chart until Mariah Carey’s \"All I Want for Christmas Is You\" did so 61 years later in 2019. The single sold 4.5 million copies in seven weeks, according to Ross Bagdasarian Jr. It eventually sold 12 million copies. Before the song's success, \"The Chipmunk Song\" was featured on American Bandstands \"Rate-A-Record\" segment and received the lowest possible rating of 35 across the board. Between 1958 and 1962, the single re-entered the Hot 100 several times, peaking at No. 41 in 1958, No. 45 in 1960, and No. 39 in 1962. (Starting in 1963, Billboard would list recurrent Christmas songs on a separate chart.) The song charted on the Hot Digital Songs for the first time in 2005, peaking at No. 35. With the release and popularity of the live-action film Alvin and the Chipmunks in 2007, \"The Chipmunk Song\" re-entered the Billboard Hot 100 at No. 70. At the same time, a remixed version of the song that appears on the Chipmunks' 2007 album (and soundtrack to the film) Alvin and the Chipmunks: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack, peaked at No. 66 and was credited as \"The Chipmunk Song (Christmas Don't Be Late) (2007 Version)\". As of December 25, 2011, Nielsen SoundScan estimated total sales of two versions of the digital track by The Chipmunks at 867,000 downloads, placing it third on the list of all-time best-selling Christmas/holiday digital singles in SoundScan history (behind Mariah Carey's 1994 hit single \"All I Want for Christmas Is You\" and Trans-Siberian Orchestra's 1996 track \"Christmas Eve/Sarajevo 12/24\"). Track listing Original 1958 release 1959 reissue 1961 reissue Adaptation in other media The song was adapted into a musical segment in 1961 for The Alvin Show. The segment depicts Alvin sifting through various presents to find a hula hoop, even as he reluctantly sings along with the other Chipmunks. At the end of the song, Seville rewards Simon and Theodore with toy planes and Alvin with his hula hoop. The subsequent argument about singing the song again ends abruptly with their Christmas tree falling over, and Seville and the Chipmunks emerge from the mess to wish the viewers a merry Christmas. This segment was released on DVD and Blu-Ray in March 2015", "title": "The Chipmunk Song (Christmas Don't Be Late)" }, { "docid": "708892", "text": "Jason Michael Lee (born April 25, 1970) is an American actor, filmmaker, photographer, and former professional skateboarder. He is known for playing Earl Hickey in the television comedy series My Name Is Earl, for which he was nominated for Best Actor in a Musical or Comedy TV series in 2005 and 2006 by The Golden Globes, and Dave in the live-action films, Alvin and the Chipmunks (2007), Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Squeakquel (2009), Alvin and the Chipmunks: Chipwrecked (2011) and Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Road Chip (2015). He is also known for his roles in Kevin Smith films such as Mallrats (1995), Chasing Amy (1997), Dogma (1999), Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back (2001), Jersey Girl (2004), Clerks II (2006), Cop Out (2010), and Jay and Silent Bob Reboot (2019). Lee won the Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Male for his performance in Chasing Amy. His other notable film roles include starring in Enemy of the State, Almost Famous, Vanilla Sky, Stealing Harvard, A Guy Thing and The Ballad of Jack and Rose. His voice acting credits include Syndrome in The Incredibles (2004), Bones in Monster House (2006) and the title character in Underdog (2007). A former professional skateboarder, Lee is the co-founder and co-owner of Stereo Skateboards, founding the company in 1992 with fellow skateboarder Chris \"Dune\" Pastras. Since 1992, Stereo manufactures and distributes skateboard decks, equipment and apparel, as well as producing skate videos. Early life Lee was born in Santa Ana, California, on April 25, 1970. His father, Greg Lee, was a car dealership manager and his mother, Carol Lee, a homemaker. He has an older brother, James (b. 1968). Lee was raised in Huntington Beach and attended Ocean View High School. A hyperactive and energetic child, Lee took up skateboarding after his mother bought him a skateboard with the hope that he would use it to burn off excessive energy. Hooked on the art of skateboarding, Lee spent the majority of his time perfecting his craft, that would eventually lead to him dropping out of Ocean View High School so he could turn pro. Career Skateboarding Lee was a professional skateboarder in the late 1980s and early 1990s. In 1992, he founded Stereo Sound Agency, known as Stereo Skateboards, with fellow skater Chris \"Dune\" Pastras. In 2003, after it had been defunct for a few years, the pair successfully revived the company. As of October 2013, Lee and Pastras remained on the professional \"Classics\" team roster. Lee was featured in the skateboarding promotional video, Video Days (1991), filmed for the skateboarding company Blind Skateboards. In 2004, Lee's skateboarding was featured in Way Out East!, a film produced by Stereo Skateboards. In August 2012, Lee was also featured in a brief video on the skateboard website The Berrics entitled \"Jason Lee decided to come to the park.\" In August 2012, Lee participated in the ninth annual Stand-Up for Skateparks Event, which he chaired with Tony Hawk. The event is held annually by the Tony", "title": "Jason Lee (actor)" }, { "docid": "4995125", "text": "Matthew Gray Gubler (, ; born March 9, 1980) is an American actor, best known for his role as criminal profiler Dr. Spencer Reid in the CBS television show Criminal Minds, for which he also directed several episodes. Gubler has appeared in The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou, 500 Days of Summer, Life After Beth, Suburban Gothic, and Newness. He was also the voice of Simon in Alvin and the Chipmunks and its three sequels. Early life and education Gubler was born on March 9, 1980, in Las Vegas, Nevada, the son of Marilyn ( Kelch), a rancher and political consultant, and John Gubler, an attorney. Gubler is a high school graduate of the Las Vegas Academy of the Arts, where he studied acting because the school did not offer his first choice, filmmaking. He is a graduate of the New York University Tisch School of the Arts, where he majored in film directing. Career Modeling While studying film at NYU, Gubler was discovered by a model scout and then worked as a model with DNA Model Management for Tommy Hilfiger, Marc Jacobs, and American Eagle, among others. He has been ranked 46th on models.com's list of top 50 male models. Acting After he began modeling, Gubler had an internship with Wes Anderson, who encouraged him to audition for a part in his movie The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou. Gubler did, and landed the role of Nico (a.k.a. Intern #1). This led, in 2005, to Gubler being cast in Criminal Minds. Criminal Minds ran from 2005 to 2020, and Gubler performed in all 15 seasons. Gubler played the starring role of Dr. Spencer Reid, a genius FBI profiler; Gubler is best known for playing this role and was regarded as a fan favorite. Criminal Minds won the 2017 People's Choice Award for Favorite TV Drama. Gubler did not appear in the 2022 reboot of the series. Gubler played Joe Joe in the film RV (2006). He voiced Simon the chipmunk in Alvin and the Chipmunks (2007), Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Squeakquel (2009), Alvin and the Chipmunks: Chipwrecked (2011), and Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Road Chip (2015). He appeared as Bart, the main character, in How to Be a Serial Killer (2008), and as Paul in (500) Days of Summer (2009). He provided the voice of Winsor in Scooby-Doo! Legend of the Phantosaur (2011). In 2014, Gubler acted in the zombie comedy Life After Beth and the film Suburban Gothic, for which he received the Screamfest Award for Best Actor. Gubler has done voice work for the DC Universe Animated Original Movies line. He played Jimmy Olsen in All-Star Superman and voices the Riddler in the animated film, Batman: Assault on Arkham (2014). Gubler has also appeared in the films Band of Robbers (2015), 68 Kill (2017), Endings, Beginnings (2019), and Horse Girl (2020). He appeared in the 2019 Hulu series Dollface. Filmmaking and directing While making The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou, Gubler made a documentary titled", "title": "Matthew Gray Gubler" }, { "docid": "11101112", "text": "Chipmunks à Go-Go is an album by Alvin and the Chipmunks and David Seville, released by Liberty Records in 1965, again in 1982, and on compact disc in 1990. Early pressings of the album incorrectly list the song \"Sunshine, Lollipops and Rainbows\" as \"Sunshine, Lollipops and Roses\". David Seville does not appear on the album, nor are there any incidents between Seville and the three Chipmunks. Chipmunks à Go-Go also marked the only occasion that Ross Bagdasarian did not provide the singing voices of the Chipmunks. Given the variety of musical styles covered, Bagdasarian opted to hire professional studio performers to handle vocal duties. Track listing \"Sunshine, Lollipops and Rainbows\" and \"The Race Is On\" were deleted for the 1982 re-release. References 1965 albums Alvin and the Chipmunks albums Liberty Records albums Sunset Records albums Albums produced by Dave Pell", "title": "Chipmunks à Go-Go" }, { "docid": "5029041", "text": "Greatest Hits: Still Squeaky After All These Years is a 1999 music album by Alvin and the Chipmunks, released by Capitol Records, and containing 17 tracks, including the newly recorded bonus track \"A Chat with Alvin\". The album was remastered and re-issued in 2007 by Capitol Records, containing 26 tracks and omitting \" A Chat with Alvin\". The album's subtitle parodies Paul Simon's 1975 album Still Crazy After All These Years. Track listing Source: \"Witch Doctor\" (Chipmunk Version) \"Alvin's Orchestra\" \"Japanese Banana\" \"I Wish I Could Speak French\" \"She Loves You\" \"Alvin for President\" \"I Wish I Had a Horse\" \"Alvin's Harmonica\" \"America the Beautiful\" \"The Alvin Show Theme\" (Opening) \"Chipmunk Fun\" \"Please, Please Me\" \"If You Love Me (Alouette)\" \"Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious\" \"The Chipmunk Song (Christmas Don't Be Late)\" \"The Alvin Show Theme\" (Closing) Bonus Track: \"A Chat with Alvin\" 2007 re-issue \"Witch Doctor\" (Chipmunk Version) \"Alvin's Orchestra\" \"Japanese Banana\" \"I Wish I Could Speak French\" \"She Loves You\" \"Sing a Goofy Song\" \"I Wish I Had a Horse\" \"Alvin's Harmonica\" \"America the Beautiful\" \"The Alvin Show Theme\" (Opening) \"Chipmunk Fun\" \"Please, Please Me\" \"If You Love Me (Alouette)\" \"Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious\" \"Can't Buy Me Love\" \"I'm Henry the VIII, I Am\" \"Ragtime Cowboy Joe\" \"The Alvin Twist\" \"Sing Again with the Chipmunks\" \"Coming 'Round the Mountain\" \"Do-Re-Mi\" \"Whistle While You Work\" \"Pop Goes the Weasel\" \"Talk to the Animals\" \"The Chipmunk Song (Christmas Don't Be Late)\" \"The Alvin Show Theme\" (Closing) References 1999 greatest hits albums Alvin and the Chipmunks albums", "title": "Greatest Hits: Still Squeaky After All These Years" }, { "docid": "11101002", "text": "The Chipmunks Sing the Beatles Hits is a tribute album of Alvin and the Chipmunks singing the hits of the Beatles. It was originally released in 1964 by Liberty Records on vinyl record, and consists of Chipmunk renditions of early Beatles hits. This was the first Beatles tribute album. One single was released from the album (\"All My Loving\" b/w \"Do You Want to Know a Secret?\") and a six-song stereo jukebox EP was also issued. On later pressings on the Sunset label and all reissues on vinyl, cassette and compact disc since, the opening guitar chord on the song \"Do You Want to Know a Secret?\" is partially cut off. The album debuted on the Billboard 200 album chart at number 110 for the week ending September 5th, 1964. Six weeks later, the album peaked at number 14 on the albums chart for the week ending October 10th, 1964. It remained on the albums chart for more than five months. The Chipmunks are not involved in any incidents on the recordings, however, during the instrumental of \"Twist and Shout\", Dave Seville tells Alvin that his wig is falling off and to fix it, with Alvin yelling \"Okay! Okay!\" and then the sound of Alvin fixing the wig with muffled tones. Production For his work on the album, engineer Dave Hassinger won the 1964 Grammy Award for Best Engineered Recording – Special Or Novel Effects. Reception In a December 1982 Goldmine magazine interview, Ross Bagdasarian Jr. remembered that his father \"thought it would be a cute idea for a Chipmunk record and he spoke with the Beatles. When he was in London, he even met the Beatles, who were very supportive of the idea.\" Track listing All songs written by Lennon–McCartney unless otherwise noted. Side one \"All My Loving\" – 2:21 \"Do You Want to Know a Secret\" – 2:04 \"She Loves You\" – 2:14 \"From Me to You\" – 1:57 \"Love Me Do\" – 2:18 \"Twist and Shout\" (Phil Medley, Bert Russell) – 2:39 Side two \"A Hard Day's Night\" – 2:47 \"P.S. I Love You\" – 2:21 \"I Saw Her Standing There\" – 2:57 \"Can't Buy Me Love\" – 2:07 \"Please Please Me\" – 2:05 \"I Want to Hold Your Hand\" – 2:36 References See also List of cover versions of Beatles songs Alvin and the Chipmunks albums 1964 albums The Beatles tribute albums Liberty Records albums Sunset Records albums", "title": "The Chipmunks Sing the Beatles Hits" }, { "docid": "8708996", "text": "\"Alvin's Harmonica\" is a song from the fictional musical group, Alvin and the Chipmunks, which also features additional vocals by Ross Bagdasarian, Sr. who plays David Seville in the song. The song was released as the second single from the group's debut album, Let's All Sing with the Chipmunks in 1958. Like \"Witch Doctor\" and \"The Chipmunk Song\", it was adapted as one of the musical segments featured in The Alvin Show. The Recording Process A contemporary writeup describes Bagdasarian’s production sequence: “It took nine perfect tapes, or tracks, and three days’ work in the recording studio, to transfer this work from the composer’s head to acetate. First, having set down a melody, he recorded it a simplified orchestra—two saxophones, four rhythm instruments—at normal speed. Then on a second tape he recorded two pianos playing at half speed. Played back at normal speed, the pianos had a tinkly, mandolinlike sound. Bagdasarian made a third tape of his own normal voice at normal speed, shouting ‘Alvin!’, ‘Stop that!’ and the like. The fourth tape was Simon, the lowest voiced of the three chipmunks in the song. His lines were recorded in a normal voice at half speed, then played back at normal speed to produce a squeaky tone. By this time the control booth of the recording studio was filling up with tape like a cauldron of spaghetti, so the first four tapes were combined on a fifth. The sixth tape was a variation for Theodore, the laughing chipmunk: ‘Ha…Ha…Ha’ spoken carefully at half speed in a tone pitched slightly higher than Simon’s. The seventh was Alvin’s, also at half speed and pitched highest of all. An eighth track was added for the harmonica, normal speed. Finally one master tape combined all the others in one glorious tonal conglomeration.” Chart performance After the group's previous single, \"The Chipmunk Song\", reached No. 1 on the charts, it was hoped that \"Alvin's Harmonica\" would reach the Top Ten. The single peaked at No. 3 on Billboard's Pop Singles Chart, becoming the group's second consecutive (and final) Top 10 single on the charts. Since the song was also credited to David Seville by Billboard, the song became his third consecutive Top 10 single on the charts, although it was his first to not reach No. 1. \"Alvin's Harmonica\" sold more than 500,000 singles making it a certified gold record. \"Alvin's Harmonica\" re-entered the charts in 1961 and 1962, peaking at No. 73 and No. 87, respectively. Track listing References 1959 songs Songs about fictional male characters Songs about mammals Songs about musical instruments Alvin and the Chipmunks songs Songs written by Ross Bagdasarian 1959 singles", "title": "Alvin's Harmonica" }, { "docid": "25591199", "text": "A Chipmunk Reunion is a 1985 animated special produced by Bagdasarian Productions, in association with Ruby-Spears Enterprises, and is spun off of NBC's popular animated series, Alvin & the Chipmunks, starring the Chipmunks and the Chipettes. The special originally aired on NBC on Saturday April 13, 1985, as a primetime special, in between seasons two and three of the series. When the series went into syndication in the fall of 1988, this special was included in the syndication package as a regular episode. Plot Alvin, Simon and Theodore argue about when exactly they were born. But not even their adoptive father, Dave Seville, knows the exact date (he celebrates their birthday on the day he found them), so Alvin decides that the only way to find out would be to look for their long lost mother. When Dave comes downstairs the next morning and sees the Chipettes in the house (the boys asked them to look after Dave), he realizes that the boys went to find their mother, and fears that they could get hurt by wild animals in the forest. So, he sets out to find them, while the girls join him on his search. Meanwhile, as the boys search the forest, they imagine what their mother might be like (except Alvin, who wonders why their mother abandoned them), while asking other forest animals about her (with no such luck). Later that night, the boys decide to go home, when they encounter a wild boar that chases them into a log, then grabs the log and throws it to the bottom of a mountainside, knocking them unconscious. However, someone finds them, and takes them into their home. When the boys wake up the next day, they find themselves inside the home of their long lost mother named Vinny, who is happy to see her boys again. Meanwhile, Dave and the Chipettes are right on the boys' trail, while Dave wonders why they left him. However, the girls assure him that just because the boys are looking for their mother, it doesn't mean that they don't love him anymore. Back at Vinny's home, the boys reminisce with her about when they were babies, and then she tucks them in with a tendersweet lullaby that she used to sing to them when they were babies. The next morning, a bitter Alvin claims that Vinny never loved him and his brothers to begin with, because she left them on a stranger's doorstep. However, Vinny then explains that she had her reasons for doing this, those reasons being that the boys were too young to survive the long winter, and that there was a severe food shortage. However, she knew of a man (Dave Seville) who was very kind to the forest animals, and had no choice but to leave them with him. She then admits that giving them up was the hardest thing she ever had to do. The boys decide to have Vinny come and live with them, but she tells", "title": "A Chipmunk Reunion" }, { "docid": "5029142", "text": "Club Chipmunk: The Dance Mixes is a music album by Alvin and the Chipmunks and was released by Sony Wonder. The album was released on October 6, 1996, and contains cover versions of popular pop/dance songs, and a Spanish version of \"Macarena\". The album peaked at #8 on Billboard's Top Kid Audio. Track listing \"Macarena\" (Los del Río) - The Chipmunks and The Chipettes \"Vogue\" (Madonna) - The Chipettes \"Stayin' Alive\" (Bee Gees) - The Chipmunks \"Play That Funky Music\" (Wild Cherry) - The Chipmunks \"I'm Too Sexy\" (Right Said Fred) - Alvin \"Turn the Beat Around\" (Vicki Sue Robinson, Gloria Estefan) - The Chipettes \"Witch Doctor\" - The Chipmunks \"Shout\" (The Isley Brothers) - The Chipmunks \"Love Shack\" (The B-52's) - The Chipmunks and The Chipettes \"Macarena (Spanish Version)\" - The Chipmunks and The Chipettes References 1996 albums Alvin and the Chipmunks albums Columbia Records albums", "title": "Club Chipmunk: The Dance Mixes" }, { "docid": "1139292", "text": "Theodore may refer to: Places Theodore, Alabama, United States Theodore, Australian Capital Territory Theodore, Queensland, a town in the Shire of Banana, Australia Theodore, Saskatchewan, Canada Theodore Reservoir, a lake in Saskatchewan People Theodore (given name), includes the etymology of the given name and a list of people Theodore (surname), a list of people Fictional characters Theodore \"T-Bag\" Bagwell, on the television series Prison Break Theodore \"T-Dog\" Douglas, fictional character in The Walking Dead Theodore Huxtable, on the television series The Cosby Show Theodore, a character from Alvin and the Chipmunks Other uses Theodore (horse), a British Thoroughbred racehorse Theodore Racing, a Formula One racing team See also Principality of Theodoro, a principality in the south-west Crimea from the 13th to 15th centuries Thoros (disambiguation), Armenian for Theodore James Bass Mullinger, a 19th-century author who used \"Theodorus\" as a pen name", "title": "Theodore" }, { "docid": "16635791", "text": "The Chipmunks Go to the Movies is a 1969 music album by David Seville and Alvin and the Chipmunks, released by Sunset Records, the budget-line subsidiary of Liberty Records. It was the final studio album by Alvin, Simon & Theodore with David Seville, having been released three years before the death of Ross Bagdasarian. There would be an 11-year gap until the next Chipmunk album Chipmunk Punk was released by Bagdasarian's son, Ross Bagdasarian Jr. The Chipmunks Go to the Movies was released on cassette in 1987 and compact disc in 2008 by Capitol Records. Track listing All songs written by Richard M. Sherman and Robert B. Sherman except where noted. Tracks 3 and 7 were originally released on The Chipmunks Sing with Children (1965) Track 4 was originally released on Let's All Sing with The Chipmunks, Track 6 Chipmunks à Go-Go, Track 7 The Chipmunks Sing with Children, Track 8 The Chipmunks See Doctor Dolittle, and Track 9 The Chipmunks Sing the Beatles Hits. References 1969 albums Alvin and the Chipmunks albums Liberty Records albums Sunset Records albums Capitol Records albums", "title": "The Chipmunks Go to the Movies" }, { "docid": "45466941", "text": "Steve Vining is an American drummer, producer and engineer. He started out as a staff producer at Pickwick Records before rising to power as the head of Windham Hill Records. As of 2006 he has acted as president of Savoy Label Group. In 1980 he produced the Chipmunks' comeback album Chipmunk Punk for Bagdasarian Productions, and supplied the speaking voice of Simon and the singing voice of Theodore for that album, but his association with that group did not end there. He subsequently produced the Chipmunks/Nutty Squirrels collaboration album Shirley, Squirrely and Melvin the following year. He studied with the top jingle producers and with the well-known jazz bassist Farry Gray. He then opened his own studio and record label, Film Audio Group, where he currently records Chicago area artists for films. In the live-action/CGI films starring Alvin and the Chipmunks, he performed the singing voice for Simon. References External links 21st-century American engineers American male musicians American male voice actors Living people Place of birth missing (living people) Year of birth missing (living people)", "title": "Steve Vining" }, { "docid": "1585332", "text": "Theodore Gene Keep (20 January 1924 – 21 May 2007) was an American audio engineer and record producer. As a co-founder of Liberty Records, he was the namesake of the character of Theodore from The Alvin Show and The Chipmunks,. Biography Early life and education Theodore Gene Keep was born 20 January 1924 in San Francisco, California to Ethel Willard and Malcolm Charles Keep. By 1940, the family lived in the Sawtelle neighborhood of Los Angeles. Career He was a co-founder of Liberty Records. In his role as chief of engineering at the label and afterward, Keep introduced a number of innovations to commercial sound recording. During the 1950s, Keep provided the synchronization process that allowed Ross Bagdasarian, Sr. to combine his speed-doubled voice technique with full orchestration on \"Witch Doctor\" and the series of Chipmunks recordings. For the latter, Keep received Grammy Awards in 1959 and 1960. Keep's Liberty Studios was the first commercial recording studio to employ solid state mixing equipment, retaining its claim as \"the world's only transistorized recording studio\" into 1960. Keep also brought innovations to electronic music. Working with the Richard Marino Orchestra, Keep combined custom-built synthesizers and audio signal processing circuits to achieve the unique sounds on the 1961 exotica album Out of This World. This release built upon Keep's stereo mix experimentation that lent a surreal quality to the early Martin Denny recordings. He is also credited with supplying electronic effects on the spooky LP Fantastica: Music From Outer Space, by Russ Garcia and His Orchestra. In 1962, Keep loaned to a friend, trumpeter Herb Alpert, a tape he had made of bullfight crowds in Tijuana, Mexico. Alpert used the sound effects as the basis for The Lonely Bull, the first hit recording for Alpert's Tijuana Brass. Keep is also known for lending his name to the character of Theodore from The Alvin Show and The Chipmunks, and for choosing The Ventures to record the Hawaii Five-O theme. Into the 1960s through 1980s, Keep chose to focus on television and film audio as a head mixer at CBS Studios. Among the better-known soundtracks he recorded were the John Williams compositions for The Towering Inferno and Jaws. In addition to the music industry, Keep formed businesses in San Bernardino County, California including an answering service and the Hi-Desert Star newspaper. Personal life Keep was married three times: Dorothy Patapoff (1953), Jolene Maddin (1957), and Kathleen Stuart (1963 – 1979). He had three children with Stewart: Ted Keep, Jr., Darry L. Keep, and Genie Keep. Keep died 21 May 2007, in Bullhead City, Arizona. Awards and honors The Grammy Awards are awarded annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States. Keep has won 2 Grammys from 5 nominations. \|- \| 1959 \| \"The Chipmunk Song\" \| Best Engineered Record, Non-Classical \| \|- \| 1960 \| \"Alvin's Harmonica\" \| Best Engineering Contribution – Novelty Recording \| \|- \| rowspan=\"2\"\|1961 \| \"Alvin for President\" \| Best Engineering Contribution – Novelty Recording", "title": "Theodore Keep" }, { "docid": "3216537", "text": "Alvin and the Chipmunks is an American animated television series featuring the Chipmunks, produced by Bagdasarian Productions in association with Ruby-Spears Enterprises from 1983 to 1987, Murakami-Wolf-Swenson in 1988 and DIC Entertainment from 1988 to 1990. Series overview Episodes by Ruby-Spears (Alvin and the Chipmunks) Season 1 (1983) Season 2 (1984) Season 3 (1985) Season 4 (1986) Season 5 (1987) Episodes by Murakami-Wolf-Swenson and DIC Entertainment (The Chipmunks) Season 6 (1988–89) Season 7 (1989) Season 8: The Chipmunks Go to the Movies (1990) This was a retool of the series and parodied many movies from its era. References External links Alvin and the Chipmunks Lists of American children's animated television series episodes", "title": "List of Alvin and the Chipmunks (1983 TV series) episodes" }, { "docid": "8710495", "text": "\"Alvin for President\" is a non-album single by the fictional musical group, Alvin and the Chipmunks. The song was released as a single in 1960 and was the group's last chart entry on the Billboard Pop Singles Chart. This recording used the same music bed as another song, \"I Wish I Could Speak French\". The song was eventually adapted as a musical sequence on The Alvin Show the following year. Chart performance After the success of The Chipmunks' previous four singles, which had all reached the Top 40, it was hoped that \"Alvin for President\" would do the same. Instead, the single reached No. 95 on the Billboard Pop Singles Chart, their first single not to reach the Top 40. It was the group's last chart entry not only on the Pop Singles Chart (later known as Billboard Hot 100), but on any of the Billboard charts until 1992, where their rendition of \"Achy Breaky Heart\", a song originally sung by Billy Ray Cyrus, peaked at No. 72 on Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks. In popular culture The song caught the attention of John F. Kennedy who, during the 1960 presidential campaign, commented in a note to Bagdasarian that \"I'm glad to know that I have at least one worthy opponent.\" He was not referring to Richard Nixon. See also Lists of fictional presidents of the United States References Alvin and the Chipmunks songs 1960 songs 1960 singles Songs written by Ross Bagdasarian", "title": "Alvin for President" } ]	[ "Jesse McCartney", "Janice Karman", "Ross Bagdasarian Sr." ]
train_31308	what are the three types of local government in virginia	[ { "docid": "21191694", "text": "The New County Jail is a structure within the Appomattox Court House National Historical Park. It was registered in the National Park Service's database of Official Structures on June 26, 1989. History In the early sixteen hundreds, Captain John Smith explored the territory of Virginia under the sponsorship of the Virginia Company of London to colonize it for profits. In 1612, Smith made a map of what he had found. In his detailed map he showed the area including rivers and mountains. He also included settlements of the many tribes of Indians. Smith showed a tributary off the James River where there was an Indian Village that was called \"Appamatuck\". The tributary river joining the James River near this village was named after the Appamatuck Indians. There were many spelling variations for Appamatuck over the next two hundred years and it eventually developed for the English settlers into \"Appomattox\". The need for localized service set about the formation of a new county by an act that was passed on February 8, 1845. It came from parts of Prince Edward, Buckingham, Charlotte and Campbell counties. The new \"Appomattox County\" seat was put at Clover Hill because it was centrally located along the Richmond-Lynchburg stagecoach road. Most of the new county came from Prince Edward County. There was already a stagecoach stop at Clover Hill, the new county seat hamlet which was high overlooking the Appomattox River. After officially made the courthouse seat and the name changed to \"Appomattox Court House\" in 1845 there was a surge of activity in real estate. Lots changed hands several times in land speculation in anticipation of new public buildings. The first building constructed was a county jail in 1845, a log structure. Then came a new courthouse across the stagecoach road west in 1846. During the American Civil War the original log jail burned down around 1867. It was replaced in 1870 with the present three story brick jail, the New County Jail, which was already started in construction in 1860. Historical significance The New County Jail represents the participation of the federal government in the preservation and commemoration of historically significant events. It also has distinctive characteristics as an example of embodying a type, period, and method of construction in the 1870s in rural Virginia. It is noted both as a county government seat and of a farming community in Piedmont Virginia in the nineteenth century. Description The New County Jail layout and exterior finish clearly depict its use as a jail. It is a three-story building of forty feet wide and twenty feet deep and across Main Street from the site of the old original wooden county jail. The construction of the building started in 1860, however it was not finished until 1867 due to the Civil War. The structure is made of brick and iron. It has at least two different brick types due to the long construction time. The prisoner jail cells with iron bars were on the top two floors.", "title": "New County Jail" }, { "docid": "1549583", "text": "Most U.S. states and territories have at least two tiers of local government: counties and municipalities. Louisiana uses the term parish and Alaska uses the term borough for what the U.S. Census Bureau terms county equivalents in those states. Civil townships or towns are used as subdivisions of a county in 20 states, mostly in the Northeast and Midwest. Population centers may be organized into incorporated municipalities of several types, including the city, town, borough, and village. The types and nature of these municipal entities vary from state to state. In addition to these general-purpose local governments, states may also create special-purpose local governments. Depending on the state, local governments may operate under their own charters or under general law, or a state may have a mix of chartered and general-law local governments. Generally, in a state having both chartered and general-law local governments, the chartered local governments have more local autonomy and home rule. Municipalities are typically subordinate to a county government, with some exceptions. Certain cities, for example, have consolidated with their county government as consolidated city-counties. In Virginia, cities are completely independent from the county in which they would otherwise be a part. In some states, particularly in New England, towns form the primary unit of local government below the state level, in some cases eliminating the need for county government entirely. Many rural areas and even some suburban areas of many states have no municipal government below the county level. In addition to counties and municipalities, states often create special purpose authorities, such as school districts and districts for fire protection, sanitary sewer service, public transportation, public libraries, public parks or forests, water resource management, and conservation districts. Such special purpose districts may encompass areas in multiple municipalities or counties. According to the US Census Bureau's data collected in 2012, there were 89,004 local government units in the United States. This data shows a decline from 89,476 units since the last census of local governments performed in 2007. Each of the five permanently inhabited U.S. territories is also subdivided into smaller entities. Puerto Rico has 78 municipalities, and the Northern Mariana Islands has four municipalities. Guam has villages, the U.S. Virgin Islands has districts, and American Samoa has districts and unorganized atolls. Each Indian Reservation is subdivided in various ways. For example, the Navajo Nation is subdivided into agencies and Chapter houses, while the Blackfeet Nation is subdivided into Communities. History When North America was colonized by Europeans from the 17th century onward, there was initially little control from governments back in Europe. Many settlements began as shareholder or stockholder business enterprises, and while the king of Britain had technical sovereignty, in most instances \"full governmental authority was vested in the company itself.\" Settlers had to fend for themselves; compact towns sprung up based as legal corporations in what has been described as \"pure democracy\": Propertied men voted; in no colonies was there universal suffrage. The founding of the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1629 by a", "title": "Local government in the United States" }, { "docid": "2356553", "text": "The District of West Augusta was a short-lived (1774–76) historical region of Colonial Virginia that encompassed much of what is now northern West Virginia and southwestern Pennsylvania. History Before the Colony of Virginia and the Province of Pennsylvania agreed to extend the Mason-Dixon line westward from the western boundary line of the Province of Maryland, both claimed a large area of what is now southwestern Pennsylvania. The area was sparsely populated in the years following the French and Indian War (1754–63), and neither colony made any serious attempts at forming a local government until the early 1770s. Virginia administered the region as a part of Augusta County, Virginia. Pennsylvania later established Westmoreland County with its seat at Hannastown, overlapping Virginia's claims. Virginia's governor, Lord Dunmore, traveled to Pittsburgh, which Virginia claimed as part of its territory, to appoint government officials under the Virginia charter. In 1774, the Virginia assembly separated the western portion of Augusta County's territory and formed the District of West Augusta. The preamble to a later act defined the boundaries of West Augusta as follows: Whereas, it is expedient to ascertain the boundary between the county of Augusta and the district of West Augusta-Be it therefore enacted by the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Virginia, that the boundary between the said district and county shall be as follows: Beginning on the Alleghany Mountains, between the heads of the Potomac, Cheat and Green Briar Rivers (Haystack Knob, or north end of Pocahontas County); thence along the ridge of mountains which divides the waters of Cheat River from those of Green Briar, and that branch of the Monongahela River called Tyger's Valley River, to the Monongahela River; thence up the said river, and the west fork thereof, to Bingerman's Creek, on the northwest side of the said west fork; thence up the said creek to the head thereof, thence in a direct course to the head of Middle Island Creek, a branch of the Ohio, and thence to the Ohio, including all the waters of said creek in the aforesaid District of West Augusta, all that territory lying to the northward of the aforesaid boundary, and to the westward of the States of Pennsylvania and Maryland, shall be deemed, and is hereby declared to be, within the District of West Augusta. The following several years were contentious. Local officials from Virginia arrested their counterparts from Pennsylvania and vice versa. Each state made movements to stem the flow of settlers from the other state. The government of West Augusta was administered from Fort Dunmore in what is now Pittsburgh. The seat of government was later moved to Augusta Town in what is now Washington County, Pennsylvania. In August 1776, Augusta Town became the site of the first court west of the Monongahela River. In 1776, the District of West Augusta was divided into three counties: Ohio County, Monongalia County, and Yohogania County. Ohio County encompassed most of the western region of the district bordering the Ohio River, including parts", "title": "District of West Augusta" }, { "docid": "91026", "text": "Monongalia County, known locally as Mon County, is located in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 105,822, making it West Virginia's third-most populous county. Its county seat is Morgantown. The county was founded in 1776. Monongalia County is included in the Morgantown, WV Metropolitan Statistical Area, and is the largest county in North-Central West Virginia. It is part of the Pittsburgh media market. History Monongalia County takes its name from the Monongahela River. The name Monongalia may be a misspelling of Monongahela. Alternatively, the conventional Latinate ending \"-ia\" (designating \"land of...\" or \"country of...\" — as in Arabia, Bolivia or Colombia) may have been added to Monongahela (i.e., \"Land of the Monongahela\"). Monongalia County was formed in 1776 when Virginia's remote District of West Augusta was divided into three counties: Ohio, Yohogania and Monongalia, all named for their most prominent rivers. Ohio County then encompassed most of the western region of the district bordering the Ohio River, including parts of what is now southwestern Pennsylvania. Yohogania County consisted of much of what is now southwestern Pennsylvania and the present counties of Hancock and the northern part of Brooke in West Virginia. Monongalia County also encompassed what are now the counties of Tucker, Randolph, Marion, Harrison and Barbour in north-central West Virginia, as well as parts of what are now Washington, Greene and Fayette Counties in Pennsylvania. In 1780, in his Notes on the State of Virginia, Thomas Jefferson gave the militia enrollment of what was then the vast Monongalia County at 1,000 troops. In 1863, West Virginia's counties were divided into civil townships, with the intention of encouraging local government. This proved impractical in the heavily rural state, and in 1872 the townships were converted into magisterial districts. Monongalia County was divided into seven districts: Battelle, Cass, Clay, Clinton, Grant, Morgan, and Union. After a century of relative stability, in the 1970s Monongalia's seven historic magisterial districts were consolidated into three new Districts: Central, Eastern, and Western. Geography Adjacent counties Fayette County, Pennsylvania (northeast) Greene County, Pennsylvania (north) Marion County (south) Preston County (east) Taylor County (southeast) Wetzel County (west) Major highways Rivers, streams, and lakes Aarons Creek Cam Harker Spring Cheat Lake Cheat River Deckers Creek Dunkard Creek Jakes Run Monongahela River Ridges Henderson Ridge Demographics 2020 census As of the 2020 census, there were 105,882 people and 42,710 households residing in the city. There were 49,881 housing units in Monongalia County. The racial makeup of the county was 85% White, 3.9% African American, 3.5% Asian, 0.2% Native American, 1.1% from other races, and 6.1% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 3.1% of the population. There were 42,710 households, of which 41% were married couples living together, 25.4% had a male householder with no spouse present, 25.3% had a female householder with no spouse present.The average household and family size was 3.06. The median age in the county was 33 years. The median income for", "title": "Monongalia County, West Virginia" }, { "docid": "8552418", "text": "The administrative divisions of Virginia are the areas into which the Commonwealth of Virginia, a U.S. state, is divided for political and administrative purposes. Some are local governments; others are not. However, all local governments (counties, independent cities, and incorporated towns) are political subdivisions of the state. According to the 2002 Census of Governments, Virginia ranked 43rd among the 50 states in the number of local governments, with 521 as of June 2002. Counties Virginia has 95 counties, covering all of the territory not within the independent cities. Under Virginia law, counties may be chartered, although most are not. Their populations vary widely; in 2022 estimated populations ranged from 2,301 for Highland County to 1,138,331 for Fairfax County. Since Virginia has no civil townships, and since incorporated towns cover such a small area of the state, the county is the de facto local government for much of the state, from rural areas to densely populated unincorporated communities such as Tysons Corner. In fact, Arlington County, while geographically small and entirely urbanized, is completely unincorporated, making the county board the sole governing body in the entire county. Cities and towns Independent cities Since 1871, all incorporated cities in Virginia have classified as independent cities. This is the most noteworthy aspect of Virginia local government relative to the other 49 states. Of the 41 independent cities in the United States, 38 are in Virginia. The three that are not in Virginia are Baltimore, Maryland; St. Louis, Missouri; and Carson City, Nevada. Cities in Virginia are thus similar to unitary authorities in some countries. The United States Census Bureau treats all cities in Virginia as county-equivalents. Other municipalities, even though they may be more populous than some existing independent cities, are incorporated as \"towns\", and as such form part of a county. Eight independent cities had 2010 populations of less than 10,000 with the smallest, Norton, having a population of only 3958. On the other hand, six towns had populations of over 10,000. An independent city in Virginia may serve as the county seat of an adjacent county, even though the city by definition is not part of that county. An example is Fairfax, which is an independent city as well as the seat of Fairfax County. A city can be formed from any area with a defined boundary having a population of 5,000 or more. Cities have been formed in the following ways: An area within a county, which may or may not have been a town previously, incorporates as a city and thus becomes independent. Examples are Falls Church, which separated from Fairfax County, and Virginia Beach, which separated from (and later merged with) Princess Anne County. A county is converted into a city. An example was the former city of Nansemond, which later merged with Suffolk. Various local governments consolidate to form a city. An example is Chesapeake, formed from the merger of the independent city of South Norfolk and Norfolk County. Where the residents of an area of sufficient", "title": "Administrative divisions of Virginia" }, { "docid": "1301511", "text": "The Council of the District of Columbia (shortly as the D.C. Council) is the legislative branch of the government of the District of Columbia. As permitted in the United States Constitution, the district is not part of any U.S. state and is overseen directly by the federal government. Since 1975, the United States Congress has devolved to the Council certain powers that are typically exercised by city councils elsewhere in the country, as well as many powers normally held by state legislatures. However, the Constitution vests Congress with ultimate authority over the federal district, and therefore all acts of the council are subject to congressional review. They may be overturned by Congress and the president. Congress also has the power to legislate for the district and even revoke the home rule charter altogether. The council meets in the John A. Wilson Building in downtown Washington, D.C. History Under the Constitution, Congress has the power to legislate for the district \"in all cases whatsoever,\" which has long been interpreted to vest Congress with ultimate authority over the capital. However, the Founding Fathers envisioned that Congress would delegate this authority to local officials. At various times in the district's history, Congress has devolved some of its authority to district residents and their elected representatives. When Congress passed the Residence Act on July 16, 1790, they called for a new permanent capital of the United States to be located on the Potomac River. The federal district originally comprised land in the form of a square measuring on each side donated by the states of Maryland and Virginia. The Residence Act also provided for the selection of a three-member board of commissioners, appointed by the president, charged with overseeing the construction of the new capital. Two other incorporated cities that predated the establishment of the district were also included within the new federal territory: Georgetown, founded in 1751, and the City of Alexandria, Virginia, founded in 1749. A new \"federal city\" called the City of Washington was then constructed on the north bank of the Potomac, to the east of the established settlement at Georgetown. In 1800, Congress created a joint commission to recommend the governance for what was then called the Territory of Columbia. The joint commission recommended a governorship and a 25-member legislative assembly. This would have been the federal district's first legislature. However, the Organic Act of 1801 officially organized the entire federal territory under the control of Congress but did not establish an overarching government for the entire district as recommended. In 1802, the original board of commissioners was disbanded, and the City of Washington was officially incorporated. The city's incorporation allowed for a local municipal government consisting of a mayor appointed by the president and an elected six-member council. The local governments of Georgetown and Alexandria were also left intact. In 1820, the Congress granted the City of Washington a new charter, which allowed for an elected mayor. This piecemeal governmental structure remained essentially intact until the passage of", "title": "Council of the District of Columbia" }, { "docid": "18611050", "text": "Local government in New Jersey is composed of counties and municipalities. Local jurisdictions in New Jersey differ from those in some other states because every square foot of the state is part of exactly one municipality; each of the 564 municipalities is in exactly one county; and each of the 21 counties has more than one municipality. New Jersey has no independent cities, or consolidated city-counties. The forms of municipality in New Jersey are more complex than in most other states, though, potentially leading to misunderstandings regarding the governmental nature of an area and what local laws apply. All municipalities can be classified as one of five types of local government—Borough, City, Township, Town, and Village—and one of twelve forms of government, the first five being historically associated with the five types of government and the other seven being non-standard \"optional\" forms provided by the New Jersey Legislature. To make matters more complex, New Jersey also distinguishes between regional, consolidated, and countywide school districts and school districts that serve only a single municipality. As well, the total area of any given airport may or may not lie completely within the boundaries of a given municipality—or even a given county. All local general purpose governments have equivalent legal powers, with the different forms and types reflecting the historical circumstances of the municipality's incorporation, similar to New England towns. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau treats only boroughs, cities, towns, and villages as \"municipalities\", and townships as \"townships\"; the Census Bureau's classification does not reflect the underlying state law that draws no distinction among the five types. County New Jersey is divided into 21 counties, each of which is governed by a Board of County Commissioners), which typically serves as both the legislative and executive body. The boards consist of three, five, seven, or nine members. The means of election of county commissioners varies from all county commissioners being elected in districts, all being elected at-large, or being elected through mixed district and at-large county commissioners. Elections are first past the post for single-member districts, and for at-large elections when only one seat is at stake. For at-large elections with more than one seat, plurality-at-large voting is used. All counties in New Jersey hold organizational meetings on or right after New Year's Day. At this time the boards elect members to leadership positions on the boards. Depending upon the specific board these offices include director, deputy director, president, vice-president, chair, chair pro tempore, and vice-chair. Also at this organizational meeting each county commissioner is assigned as a liaison to one or more departments of the county. Five counties (Atlantic, Bergen, Essex, Hudson, and Mercer) have a separately elected county executive. A sixth county, Union, has a county executive that is appointed by the board, analogous to the council–manager municipal form of government. In these counties, the Board of County Commissioners retains only legislative authority. Most of the rest of the counties also appoint a county supervisor or administrator who is", "title": "Local government in New Jersey" }, { "docid": "91028", "text": "Mineral County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. It is part of the Cumberland metropolitan area, together with Cumberland, Maryland. As of the 2020 census, the population was 26,938. Its county seat is Keyser. The county was founded in 1866. History Ancient history Indigenous peoples lived throughout the highlands along rivers in this area for thousands of years. Archeologists have identified artifacts of the Adena culture, dating from 1000 BC to 200 BC. They were among the several early Native American cultures who built major earthwork mounds for ceremonial and burial use. Remnants of their culture have been found throughout West Virginia. They were followed by other indigenous peoples. With the growth of fur trading to the north after European encounter in the coastal areas, the nations of the Haudenosaunee (or Iroquois Confederacy), based in present-day New York, moved into the Ohio Valley in search of new hunting grounds. By the 17th century they had conquered other tribes, pushed them out to the west, and preserved the area for hunting. 1863 to present It was not until after West Virginia became a state in 1863 that present-day Mineral County was organized. It was created in 1866 by an Act of the West Virginia Legislature from the existing Hampshire County. The name was selected due to its reserves of minerals, especially coal - although coal, a type of sedimentary rock, is not a mineral because it does not have a crystalline structure. The seminal point in the creation of the county was the arrival of the main line of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad in 1842. The county seat of Keyser was named for an executive of the railroad. In 1863, West Virginia's counties were divided into civil townships, with the intention of encouraging local government. This proved impractical in the heavily rural state, and in 1872 the townships were converted into magisterial districts. After its formation in 1866, Mineral County was divided into seven townships: Cabin Run, Elk, Frankfort, Mill Creek, New Creek, Piedmont, and Welton. Mill Creek Township was returned to Hampshire County in 1871, and in 1872 the six remaining townships became magisterial districts. Except for minor adjustments, they remained relatively unchanged until the 1980s, when they were consolidated into three new districts: District 1, District 2, and District 3. Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (0.4%) is water. Mountains The northern terminus of the Allegheny Front in West Virginia lies in Mineral County and includes the highest point in the county. Known as \"the Pinnacle\", it is above sea level. From the abandoned fire tower four states are visible, Pennsylvania, Maryland, West Virginia, and Virginia. The Allegheny Front is the largest mountain in the county; on the north end it is also known as Green Mountain. On top of the Allegheny Plateau is located the town of Elk Garden, West Virginia in the southwestern portion of the county.", "title": "Mineral County, West Virginia" }, { "docid": "91036", "text": "Lincoln County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 20,463. Its county seat is Hamlin. The county was created in 1867 and named for Abraham Lincoln. Lincoln County is part of the Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH Metropolitan Statistical Area. History Lincoln County was created by an act of the West Virginia Legislature on February 23, 1867, from parts of Boone, Cabell, Kanawha and Putnam counties. By 1869, the county had returned much of its Putnam County territory and absorbed the northern portion of Logan County and a portion of Wayne County. In 1869, Harts Creek Township (later district) was created from this latter region. Lincoln County is one of five counties created by West Virginia since the Civil War. Hamlin, seat of government for the county, was established in 1853. Jesse, John, David, William, and Moses McComas were the first Anglo settlers in what is now Lincoln County. They cultivated of corn, the first ever grown in the area near present-day West Hamlin, in 1799. Later that year, they returned to eastern Virginia to get their families. Their families were initially left behind because it was not known if there were any hostile Native Americans in the area, or if the soil would be suitable for cultivation. John Lucas, William Hinch, and John Johnson soon joined the McComases in the county. They built cabins in the county around 1800. About 1804, William Wirt Brumfield settled at the mouth of Big Ugly Creek. Based on military enlistments, Lincoln County appears to have been evenly divided in its sympathies during the Civil War. The county hosted a handful of small skirmishes, mostly centered on Mud River. After the war, timbering constituted the county's primary industry. The county also became nationally known for its tobacco cultivation. In the early twentieth century, the county experienced a gas boom. In 1863, West Virginia's counties were divided into civil townships, with the intention of encouraging local government. This proved impractical in the heavily rural state, and in 1872 the townships were converted into magisterial districts. Between its formation in 1867 and 1870, Lincoln County was divided into seven townships: Carroll, Duval, Harts Creek, Jefferson, Sheridan, Union, and Washington. In 1871, Laurel Hill Township was formed from portions of Harts Creek and Sheridan Townships. The following year, the eight townships became magisterial districts. Except for minor adjustments, the eight historic magisterial districts remained largely unchanged until the twenty-first century, when they were consolidated into three new districts: District 1, District 2, and District 3. Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (0.4%) is water. Major highways U.S. Highway 119 West Virginia Route 3 West Virginia Route 10 West Virginia Route 34 West Virginia Route 37 West Virginia Route 214 Adjacent counties Putnam County (north) Kanawha County (northeast) Boone County (southeast) Logan County (south) Mingo County (southwest) Wayne County (west) Cabell County (northwest) Demographics 2000", "title": "Lincoln County, West Virginia" }, { "docid": "1451532", "text": "Bruton Parish Church is located in the restored area of Colonial Williamsburg in Williamsburg, Virginia, United States. It was established in 1674 by the consolidation of two previous parishes in the Virginia Colony, and remains an active Episcopal parish. The building, constructed 1711–15, was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1970 as a well-preserved early example of colonial religious architecture. History The roots of Bruton Parish Church trace back to both the Church of England and the new settlement of the Colony of Virginia at Jamestown in the early 17th century. The role of the church and its relationship to the government had been established by King Henry VIII some years earlier. The same relationship was established in the new colony. 1607: the Church of England in the new Virginia Colony When the English colony was established at Jamestown on May 14, 1607, the conduct of worship and the building of a primitive chapel were given priority even as the first fort was built. The Reverend Robert Hunt served as the first chaplain. He had been the chaplain appointed to serve as spiritual leader of the three-ship expedition headed by Christopher Newport, and he lit the candle for the Anglican Church in Virginia a few weeks earlier when he first lifted his voice in public thanksgiving and prayer on April 29, as the settlers made what has come to be known as their \"First Landing\" near the entrance to the Chesapeake Bay. He also was the one to plant the cross at Cape Henry (which they named after Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales, the eldest son of King James I). Captain John Smith described the Reverend Mr Hunt as our honest, religious and courageous divine. In his role as religious leader, he was a peacemaker, often bringing harmony to a quarreling group of men. Hunt was among those who did not survive that first year. After five very difficult years, during which the majority of the constant flow of colonists did not survive, the colony began to grow. As in England, the parish became a unit of local importance equal in power and practical aspects to other entities such as the courts and even the House of Burgesses. The earlier settlements were along the major waterways, such as the James River and the York River. The expansion and subdivision of the church parishes and shires (counties) of Virginia after 1634 both followed this growth. Parishes needed to be close enough for travel to church for worship, an obligation everyone was expected to fulfil. (A parish was normally led spiritually by a rector and governed by a committee of members generally respected in the community which was known as the vestry). Growth of the Colony: 1632 Middle Plantation The interior area of the Virginia Peninsula was not settled until a period beginning in the 1630s when a stockade was completed across the Peninsula between Archer's Hope Creek (later College Creek) and Queen's Creek, each navigable to an opposing river. Dr John", "title": "Bruton Parish Church" }, { "docid": "91005", "text": "Taylor County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 16,705. Its county seat is Grafton. The county was formed in 1844 and named for Senator John Taylor of Caroline. Taylor County is part of the Clarksburg, WV Micropolitan Statistical Area. History This area was populated by the Adena culture in the Pre-Columbian Woodland period of the Native Americans in the United States. Some of the first Europeans to visit the area are thought to have been British Army deserters from Fort Pitt, who reportedly fled their post in 1761 during the French and Indian War and roamed northwestern Virginia for several years thereafter. A European trader with the Hudson's Bay Company reportedly set foot in these lands as early as 1764. Pruntytown is the oldest (ca. 1798) known white settlement in what is now Taylor County. Initially known as Cross Roads, on January 1, 1801, it was renamed Williamsport in honor of Abraham Williams, a longtime resident. The name was changed again on January 23, 1845, to honor pioneer settler John Prunty, Sr (1745-1823) and son David. This town served as the county seat of government from the county's founding in 1844 until a county election in 1878 moved that honor to Grafton, West Virginia. The county was established by the Virginia General Assembly on January 19, 1844. It was formed out of parts of Barbour, Harrison, and Marion counties in Virginia. Most historians think the county was named after John Taylor (1753-1824) of Caroline County, Virginia, while a minority believe it was named after Zachary Taylor. Fifteen justices were appointed by Governor James McDowell to organize the newly formed county: John Asbury, Frederick Burdett, Dr. Joseph L. Carr, John Cather, John A. Guseman, Nathan Hall, Calder Haymond, Absalom Knotts, John Leeper, Charles W. Newlon, Jonathan Poe, Robert Reed, Joshua A. Robinson, William A. Rogers, and Benjamin Sinclair. On June 20, 1863, at the height of the Civil War, Taylor was one of fifty Virginia counties that were admitted to the Union as the state of West Virginia. Later that year, the counties were divided into civil townships, with the intention of encouraging local government. This proved impractical in the heavily rural state, and in 1872 the townships were converted into magisterial districts. Taylor County was initially divided into nine townships: Booths Creek, Clay, Court House, Fetterman, Flemington, Grafton, Haymond, Union, and Webster. Grafton Township was co-extensive with the town of Grafton. In 1871, Union Township was annexed by Grafton Township; the following year, Clay and Webster Townships were annexed by Court House Township, Haymond was annexed by Fetterman, and the five remaining townships were converted to magisterial districts. In the 1880s, Knottsville District was created from the part of Grafton District that lay outside the town of Grafton. Except for minor adjustments, the six historic districts remained largely unchanged for the next ninety years, until in the 1970s they were consolidated into three new magisterial districts: Central, Eastern,", "title": "Taylor County, West Virginia" }, { "docid": "2912885", "text": "A borough in some U.S. states is a unit of local government or other administrative division below the level of the state. The term is currently used in six states: A type of municipality: Connecticut, New Jersey and Pennsylvania (also formerly Michigan and Minnesota) A subdivision of a consolidated city, corresponding to another present or previous political subdivision: New York and Virginia In Alaska only, a borough is a county-equivalent. Specific states Alaska In Alaska, the word \"borough\" is used instead of \"county\". Like counties, boroughs are administrative divisions of the state. Each borough in Alaska has a borough seat, which is the administrative center for the borough. The Municipality of Anchorage is a consolidated city-borough, as are Sitka, Juneau, Haines and Yakutat. Nearly half of the state's area is part of the vast Unorganized Borough, which has no borough-level government at all. The United States Census Bureau has divided the Unorganized Borough into ten census areas for statistical purposes. Connecticut In addition to cities, Connecticut also has another type of dependent municipality known as a borough. Boroughs are usually the populated center of a town that decided to incorporate in order to have more responsive local government. When a borough is formed, it is still part of and dependent on its town. There are nine boroughs in Connecticut. One borough, Naugatuck, is coextensive and consolidated with its town. The other eight boroughs, such as Woodmont, have jurisdiction over only a part of their town. Boroughs in Connecticut are counted as separate municipal governments, but governmental functions performed in other parts of the state by town governments are performed by the parent town of the borough. Michigan In Michigan, the term borough only applied to Mackinac Island from February 2, 1817, to March 25, 1847. The Borough government was established by William Henry Puthuff after the island was proclaimed to be a U.S. territory in the War of 1812. The borough government was replaced by a village government in 1847. Minnesota In Minnesota, \"borough\" was applied to one municipality, Belle Plaine, from 1868 to 1974. New Jersey In New Jersey, boroughs are independent municipalities and are one of five types of municipal government, each operating separately at the equivalent level of the other four types of municipal government available in New Jersey: Township, Town, City, and Village. Many boroughs were formed out of larger townships, but even in such cases there is no continuing link between the borough and the township. Most boroughs were formed during the Boroughitis phenomenon of the mid-1890s. New York New York City is divided into five boroughs: Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, the Bronx, and Staten Island. Each of these is coterminous with a county: Kings County, New York County, Queens County, Bronx County, and Richmond County, respectively. There are no county governments within New York City for legislative or executive purposes. The powers of the boroughs are inferior to the powers of the citywide government, but each borough elects a borough president, who in turn appoints", "title": "Borough (United States)" }, { "docid": "1429102", "text": "County of Princess Anne is a former county in the British Colony of Virginia and the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States, first incorporated in 1691. The county was merged into the city of Virginia Beach on January 1, 1963, ceasing to exist. Shires, Counties When Admiral Christopher Newport and the colonists of the Virginia Company arrived in 1607, George Percy and his fellow Englishmen's \"first landing\" was at Cape Henry in what was to become Princess Anne County. They named the spot in honor of Henry Frederick Stuart, the elder of two surviving sons of King James I of England. A few days later, they travelled up the James River and established Jamestown. During the early 17th century, English settlers explored and began settling the areas adjacent to Hampton Roads. By 1610, the English colonists had established a permanent settlement in the Kecoughtan area of what was to become Elizabeth Cittie (sic) in 1619. Today a part of Hampton, it is the oldest known continuously occupied English settlement in North America. Adam Thoroughgood was an early leader in the area which became Princess Anne County, settling along the Lynnhaven River. In 1634, the King of England directed the formation of eight shires (or counties) in the colony of Virginia. One of these was Elizabeth City Shire, which included land area on both sides of Hampton Roads. New Norfolk County was formed in 1636 from Elizabeth City Shire. New Norfolk County included all the area in South Hampton Roads. Only a year later, New Norfolk was split roughly in half into Upper Norfolk County (most of which is now the present-day city of Suffolk) and Lower Norfolk County. In 1691, Lower Norfolk was split roughly in half. The western half became Norfolk County, while the eastern half became Princess Anne County. The latter was named for Anne Stuart prior to her accession to the throne in 1702. The County of Princess Anne, Virginia was governed by a Board of Supervisors. Each Supervisor represented one of six Magisterial Districts. Loyalist insurrection during the Revolutionary War After the American colonies declared their independence in 1776, Loyalist opposition in various forms with different motives was present for the duration of the war. In Princess Anne and Norfolk Counties, organized criminals took advantage of the sudden power vacuum created in part by the ineffectiveness of the newly formed local authorities. Josiah Philips, a native of Princess Anne County, led one such group. His group used intimidation, the county's rough, swampy terrain, and disaffected local sympathizers to rob, kill, and terrorize the area for several years. After Philips' capture and subsequent escape, a writ of attainder, perhaps drafted by Thomas Jefferson, was passed by the Virginia General Assembly naming Philips and his followers in an effort to end what it described as an \"insurrection\" in the counties. Philips was tried and executed in June 1778. Virginia Beach Resort (late 19th century – 1963) Beginning in the late 19th century, the small resort area of", "title": "Princess Anne County, Virginia" }, { "docid": "91049", "text": "Doddridge County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 7,808. Its county seat is West Union. Doddridge County is part of the Clarksburg, West Virginia, WV Micropolitan Statistical Area. History First settlers The area that became Doddridge County, Virginia – now West Virginia – was first settled in the late 1780s by James Caldwell, who owned of land that included present West Union. Caldwell sold this land to Nathan Davis, Jr (1772-1866) and his brothers Joseph and William around 1807. They in turn sold to Lewis Maxwell (1790-1862), a Virginia Assembly delegate in the 1820s who later became a U.S. Congressman. In 1828 Ephraim Bee, Sr (1802–1888) and his wife Catherine established a log home on Meathouse Fork of Middle Island Creek, now part of West Union. They built an Inn across the \"Creek\" (really a river) at what was then called Lewisport (Congressman Maxwell's namesake), below a blockhouse on the Northwestern Turnpike. The \"Beehive Inn\" became a popular place for travelers and locals to meet, refresh themselves and re-provision. Bee operated the first local blacksmith shop; a farm, stables, tannery and horse-racing track soon followed. According to Ephraim's father, A.A. Bee: \"The first bridge across Middle Island Creek [at West Union] was of hewed logs with a center abutment of stones. In the great flood of 1835 it was washed away\". In 1842, a contract was awarded to the well-known civil engineer Claudius Crozet to build a covered bridge at West Union, as part of a series of public works along the Turnpike. Ephraim Bee was later to become a district officer, magistrate, state legislator, hotelier, and postmaster. As blacksmith, he made all the bolts and bands for the West Union Covered Bridge, completed in 1843. New county Doddridge County was officially created in 1845 from parts of Harrison, Tyler, Ritchie, and Lewis Counties of what was then still Virginia. It was named for Philip Doddridge (1773–1832), the late statesman of western Virginia who was the leading voice for westerners during the Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1829–1830. When it was announced the new county would be formed, Ephraim Bee rallied to locate the county seat at Lewisport. But Nathan Davis, Jr (who was Ephraim's wife's uncle), William Fitz Randolph, and others, won out in favor of West Union, across the river on the south side. There Ethelbert Bond (Nathan's son-in-law and William's wife's cousin) laid out the town lots in regular fashion on land formerly owned by Davis. Progress of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, on its way from Clarksburg to Parkersburg, reached and bisected the county in 1856. On the night of March 27, 1858, a fire devastated the town of West Union. West Virginia became a state following the Wheeling Conventions of 1861, after the American Civil War had begun. In 1863, West Virginia's counties were divided into civil townships, with the intention of encouraging local government. This proved impractical in the heavily rural state, and", "title": "Doddridge County, West Virginia" }, { "docid": "36799392", "text": "Ward republic is a concept promoted by Thomas Jefferson to place most of the functions of government in the ward, a small subdivision of a county. Jefferson thought of this concept as his favorite: \"The article nearest my heart,\" wrote Jefferson to Samuel Kercheval in 1816, \"is the division of counties into wards\". His proposal was that such wards consist of no more people than can all know one another and personally perform the functions of government for one another. Although his proposal was not generally adopted, there have been partial implementations of the idea in small townships, school districts, voting precincts, and neighborhood associations. History The concept was inspired by the traditional practice in England and other feudal European countries to organize people below the county level into what were called \"hundreds\", that is, a geographic group of a few hundred individuals and their families. That concept goes back to a similar practice among the ancient Hebrews of organizing themselves for military purposes, and form a militia unit for each such group. Although intended for feudal administration and defense, hundreds also tended to cooperate in performing other functions of government. Jefferson presented the idea in a letter to Samuel Kercheval in July, 1816. \"The true foundation of republican government,\" Jefferson wrote, \"is the equal right of every citizen in his person and property, and in their management\". Kercheval, of Winchester, Virginia, had been trying to organize a convention to write a new state constitution, and sought the support of Jefferson, who had been trying since 1776 to get Virginia to adopt a new constitution. In that letter Jefferson outlined the need for \"ward republics,\" small units of local government, within Virginia's existing counties, which he thought were too large for direct participation of all the voters. He proposed to divide the counties into \"wards of such size as that every citizen can attend, when called on, and act in person … will relieve the county administration of nearly all its business, will have it better done, and by making every citizen an acting member of the government, and in the offices nearest and most interesting to him, will attach him by his strongest feelings to the independence of his country, and its republican constitution\". Jefferson proposed that such ward republics, among their other functions, should select jurors, so that these units of local government would act as a restraint on the judicial as well as the legislative and executive branches of government. One of the functions to be performed by such wards was public education. Jefferson's 1779 Bill for the More General Diffusion of Knowledge was never passed in the form he proposed. Virginia did not set up a system of mandatory common schools until well into the nineteenth century. However, the concepts it contained persisted and he continued to campaign for public education as the safeguard of republican citizenship. Jefferson's Bill proposed that each county would be divided into \"hundreds … so as that they may contain a", "title": "Ward republic" }, { "docid": "60108686", "text": "The St. Clair County Courthouse is a government building in Belleville, the county seat of St. Clair County, Illinois, United States. Built in 1976, it is the fifth courthouse in the history of the county, and one of two that still stands. Early history Frenchmen settled in the Mississippi River basin at the end of the seventeenth century, founding towns such as Kaskaskia and Cahokia with missions to local Indians. Following the Seven Years' War, the region came under British control, with local government based at Fort de Chartres. This period ended during the American Revolution, as George Rogers Clark led Virginia troops to conquer the whole region north of the Ohio River. Illinois County was created in 1779 to administer the region. Virginia ceded its control of the region to the Confederation government in 1784, which formed it into the Northwest Territory in 1787. American settlement in the territory began at Marietta in 1787, and as the population expanded, Governor Arthur St. Clair decided to establish counties in the territory in 1790. St. Clair County, named by the governor for himself, was the first county in what has since become Illinois; its original boundaries were everything east of the Illinois River, south of the Mackinaw River, west of Fort Massac, and north of the Ohio and Mississippi rivers. In 1793, county officials purchased a private house at Cahokia and converted it into a courthouse. This building, now known as the Old Cahokia Courthouse, remained in use until 1814, when the seat was moved to Belleville because of Cahokia's susceptibility to river flooding. Previous courthouses in Belleville Three previous courthouses have stood on Belleville's public square. The first was ordered in 1815 for a cost of $1,525; it was a frame building completed by Etienne Pensoneau in 1817. However, the building quickly became too small; after just ten years, the county court ordered that a replacement be built. The second courthouse was a brick building, constructed for twice the price of its predecessor; contractor William Fowler seems to have finished it in June 1831. It remained in use for thirty years. The third Belleville courthouse was constructed from 1859 to 1861 at a cost slightly surpassing $100,000 under the inspection of Nathaniel Niles. It appears to have needed various finishing touches, as the county spent more than $4,000 in 1862 and 1863 on further construction. This building was a rectangular structure two stories high with a raised basement and a shallow-sloped hip roof. Seven windows on each side pierced the sides, and five each end, with the main entrance in the middle of one end. A grand staircase provided access from the street, and the entrance was sheltered by a pedimented porch supported by two-story Corinthian columns. In 1893, it was expanded with gable-roofed wings to the rear, and a dome was set at the center. Current courthouse As St. Clair County's population continued to grow into the 1960s, the Civil War-era courthouse in turn became too small, and another", "title": "St. Clair County Courthouse (Illinois)" }, { "docid": "58312", "text": "The U.S. state of West Virginia has 55 counties. Fifty of them existed at the time of the Wheeling Convention in 1861, during the American Civil War, when those counties seceded from the Commonwealth of Virginia to form the new state of West Virginia. West Virginia was admitted as a separate state of the United States on June 20, 1863. Five additional counties (Grant, Mineral, Lincoln, Summers, and Mingo) were formed from the original counties in the decades following admission. After the Civil War, Berkeley County and Jefferson County, the two easternmost counties of West Virginia, refused to recognize their inclusion in the state, and the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation attempting to reclaim them. In March 1866, the United States Congress passed a joint mandate assenting to their inclusion in the new state, and the Supreme Court of the United States confirmed this outcome in the case of Virginia v. West Virginia (1871). The West Virginia Constitution was ratified in 1872, replacing the state constitution created in 1863 when West Virginia became a state. Article 9, Section 8, of the West Virginia Constitution permits the creation of additional counties if a majority of citizens in the proposed new county vote for its creation and the new county has a minimum area of and a population of at least 6,000. Creation of a new county is prohibited if it would bring another county below these thresholds. Three counties (Greenbrier, Kanawha, and Randolph) have sufficient population (based on the 2020 United States Census) and land area to allow a new county to be split off. The remaining counties cannot be split, as either their land area would decrease to under 400 square miles, or their population would decrease to below 6,000. The role of counties in local government had been minimized under the 1863 constitution, which vested most local government authority in a system of townships based on the New England model. The authors of the 1872 constitution chose to return to the system used in Virginia, in which each county was governed by a county court with combined authority for executive, legislative, and judicial functions of the county government. In 1880, West Virginia amended its constitution and replaced the county court system with an arrangement that divides county government powers between seven county offices, each of which is independently elected: the county commission, county clerk, circuit clerk, county sheriff, county assessor, county prosecuting attorney, and county surveyor of lands. Counties have only those powers that are expressly granted to them by the state Constitution or by state statute. These powers include, but are not limited to, maintaining the infrastructure of the state, funding libraries, maintaining jails and hospitals, and waste disposal. Reforming public education became a county function in 1933. In May 1933, a county unit plan was adopted. Under this plan, the state's 398 school districts were consolidated into the current 55 county school systems. This enabled public schools to be funded more economically and saved West Virginia millions", "title": "List of counties in West Virginia" }, { "docid": "4833683", "text": "Local government in Canada can be defined as all elected local authorities which are legally empowered to make decisions on behalf of its electors, excluding the federal government, provincial and territorial governments, and First Nations, Métis and Inuit governments. This can include municipalities, school boards, health authorities, and so on. The most prominent form of local government in Canada is municipal government, which is a local council authority which provides local services, facilities, safety and infrastructure for communities. Municipal governments are local general-purpose authorities which provide services to all residents within a defined geographic area called a municipality. Canada has three orders of government, federal, provincial/territorial and Indigenous. Municipalities are subordinate (delegated) governance entities existing at the pleasure of provinces and territories. According to Section 92(8) of the Constitution Act, 1867, \"In each Province the Legislature may exclusively make Laws in relation to... Municipal Institutions in the Province.\" Local governments are therefore frequently referred to as \"creatures of the provinces\". There were about 3,700 municipal governments in Canada c. 2002. Municipal government In Canada, municipal government is a type of local council authority that provides local services, facilities, safety and infrastructure for communities. Canada has three orders of government: federal, provincial and municipal. According to Section 92(8) of the Constitution Act, 1867, \"In each Province the Legislature may exclusively make Laws in relation to … Municipal Institutions in the Province.\" There are about 3,700 municipal governments in Canada. Municipal governments are established under provincial/territorial authority. Types of municipal government Municipal governments are subdivisions of their province. While the municipality has autonomy on most decisions, all by-laws passed by that municipal government are subject to change by the provincial government at any time. An example of a typical municipal government structure can be found in New Brunswick, which played host to the first municipal government in Canada in 1785 at Saint John. Regional municipalities In some provinces, several municipalities in a particular area are also part of an upper tier of municipal government, which provides more regionally oriented services. Depending on the province, this second tier may be called a county, regional municipality, regional district or regional county municipality. In Nova Scotia, three municipalities are designated as \"regional municipalities\". A regional municipality is a single municipal government covering an entire historical county including all formerly incorporated towns and cities within the county. Within the three regional municipalities, designations such as \"city\" and \"town\" exist only as informal signifiers for historically chartered towns and cities that used to exist prior to the establishment of the regional municipality. Local municipalities In Canada, the types of municipal government vary between provinces, although they all perform the same functions. The general hierarchy was established in 1849 with the passing of the Municipal Corporations Act. The largest municipalities are usually called cities, and their governments, city councils. Smaller governments are commonly called towns, villages, parishes, rural municipalities, townships or hamlets. Some may also be directly designated as municipalities rather than as a particular type of municipality,", "title": "Local government in Canada" } ]	[ { "docid": "68626495", "text": "First introduced in 1592, tobacco continues to dominate the social, political, and economic life in the Philippine regions where it is grown. The tobacco industry is a major force in the development of these areas, especially in Ilocos, in which it is still one of the region's leading sources of income. History Tobacco came to the Philippines in 1592, when the Spanish Galleon San Clemente arrived in Manila carrying 50 kilos of Cuban tobacco seeds that were part of the Manila-Acapulco trade route. It is said that the first seeds were planted by Catholic Friars in Cagayan Valley. With a climate similar to the Vuelta Abajo region in Pinar del Rio, Cuba, the crop began to flourish and a new source of income was introduced to Spain. In 1780, the tobacco monopoly was established, and the Filipinos, especially in the Ilocos and Cagayan Valley were forced to plant tobaccos and were given a specific quota to produce. Initially, tobacco farmers were treated fairly, but in the end, they abhorred tobacco because of the abuses committed by the Spaniards as they were forced to grow this crop. The monopoly did not only force the people, especially those from the north and Cagayan, to grow tobacco but compelled them to produce more than what their piece of land could yield. In 1882, the tobacco monopoly was abolished, but the knowledge in growing the crop remained. Until its reintroduction in the early 1900s, tobacco is grown for home consumption and by those who learned to smoke. Later on, the tobacco industry again flourished and new types were introduced. The decade after the recognition of Philippine independence marked a return of the tobacco industry to economic prominence in the Ilocos region. After reading a feature article series by Maximo Soliven which explained why Virginia tobacco would grow well on Ilocos soil, businessman Harry Stonehill was convinced to invest extensively in rebuilding the industry, establishing the Philippine Tobacco Flue-Curing and Redrying Corporation (PTFCRC) in 1951 and recruiting farmers from throughout Region 1 to produce tobacco. The following year, La Union Congressman Manuel T. Cases filed a bill to \"limit the importation of foreign leaf tobacco,\" which was eventually signed by President Elpidio Quirino as Republic Act 698. This allowed Stonehill's investments to make a handsome profit, and the newly-rebuilt local industry to bloom. Stonehill was later deported a decade later, in the 1960s, for tax evasion and bribery of government officials, in what would later be called the Stonehill scandal, but the tobacco industry continued to grow. Types There are 3 types of tobacco that are locally grown in the Philippines: Virginia tobacco is mostly grown in Region 1 (Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, La Union) and CAR (Abra); Burley tobacco is grown in Region 1 (La Union and Pangasinan), and CAR (Abra), Region 2 (Isabela and Cagayan), Region 3 (Tarlac), and Mimaropa (Occidental Mindoro); and Native tobacco is grown in Region 1, Region 2 (Cagayan, Isabela, Quirino, and Nueva Vizcaya), the Visayan provinces of Cebu,", "title": "Tobacco production in the Philippines" }, { "docid": "138427", "text": "Shinnston is a city and former coal town in Harrison County, West Virginia, United States, along the West Fork River. In 1778, Levi Shinn constructed his log home along what is now Route 19; today it is the oldest standing structure in north-central West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, Shinnston had a population of 2,332. History The roots of Shinnston date back to 1778, when Levi Shinn constructed his log home. The log house, located along Route 19, is the oldest standing structure in North Central West Virginia. It is maintained by the Shinnston Historical Association, which opens the home for tours by the general public. In 1815, the town was laid out with three streets, running parallel with the river, and with four crossing streets running at right angles to them. The town was incorporated in 1852 as Shinn's Town by an act of the Virginia legislature, as West Virginia did not yet exist as an independent state. Solomon S. Fleming was elected as the first mayor. A new charter was secured in 1877 and the town's name was changed to Shinnston. In 1915, Shinnston's charter provided for a Mayor-Council form of government. This model remained in place for over 70 years and in 1998, the citizens voted to revise the charter to adopt a City Manager-Council form of local government. That model was implemented on July 1, 1998 and remains in place today. Shinnston has enjoyed a history of active commerce, with its beginnings built around both grain mills and saw mills. In its early years, the town saw the development of a tannery, wagon makers, an undertaker, mercantile interests, a pottery, and a local newspaper. The railroad came to the area in 1890, and the first bank opened in 1899. From 1906 to 1947 a trolley operated in the area, offering another form of transportation. As is true for much of West Virginia, energy has been a vital component in the city's history. By the early 1900's, oil wells and gas wells joined coal as major economic forces. Energy generation continues to be a major source of jobs and economic activity today, as evidenced by the existing mines as well as the nearby Harrison Power Station. The city's economy has also seen a shift to service-oriented businesses. Shinnston has also enjoyed a diverse culture of many faiths and denominations. The first church was organized in 1786 and held meetings and services in several homes until the construction of the first church building in 1835. Area churches have formed a Council of Churches offering shared services with members of several faiths. By 1813, the first school was organized with classes taught in a small log cabin. In 1860, a larger building was constructed for use as a town hall and academy. This turned into the first public school in 1865. The first grade school was established in 1895, and Shinnston High School was added in 1907. In 1978, Shinnston and Lumberport High Schools were combined to form", "title": "Shinnston, West Virginia" }, { "docid": "1309699", "text": "Proprietary colonies were a type of colony in English America which existed during the early modern period. In English overseas possessions established from the 17th century onwards, all land in the colonies belonged to the Crown, which held ultimate authority over their management. All English colonies were divided by the Crown via royal charters into one of three types of colony; proprietary colonies, charter colonies and Crown colonies. Under the proprietary system, individuals or companies (often joint-stock companies), known as proprietors, were granted commercial charters by the Crown to establish overseas colonies. These proprietors were then granted the authority to select the governors and other officials in the colony. This type of indirect rule eventually fell out of favour in the English colonial empire due to a variety of reasons, including the gradual sociopolitical stabilisation of England's American colonies, the easing of bureaucratic difficulties in managing the colonies and increasing economic or administrative difficulties faced by proprietors. Successive English sovereigns sought to solidify their power and authority throughout the empire, and gradually converted all proprietary colonies to Crown colonies, which were administered by officials directly appointed by the Crown. By the 18th century, most former proprietary colonies had been converted into Crown colonies. Practice Proprietary colonies in America were governed by a lord proprietor, who, holding authority by virtue of a royal charter, usually exercised that authority almost as an independent sovereign. These colonies were distinct from Crown colonies in that they were commercial enterprises established under authority of the crown. Proprietary governors had legal responsibilities over the colony as well as responsibilities to shareholders to ensure the security of their investments. Many never even visited the colonies they owned. By the early 18th century, nearly all of the proprietary colonies had either or else had significant limitations placed on them by the crown. Examples The Caribbean Barbados British America colonies before the American Revolution The provinces of Maryland, Carolina and several other colonies in the Americas were initially established under the proprietary system. King Charles II used the proprietary solution to reward allies and focus his own attention on Britain itself. He offered his friends colonial charters which facilitated private investment and colonial self-government. The charters made the proprietor the effective ruler, albeit one ultimately responsible to English Law and the King. Charles II gave the former Dutch colony New Netherlands to his younger brother The Duke of York, who established the Province of New York. He gave an area to William Penn who established the Province of Pennsylvania. The British America colonies before the American Revolution consisted of 20 colonies on the continent's mainland. After the conflict, thirteen of those became states of the United States of America. By the time of the Revolution some had consolidated multiple grants, while others, such as conflicting claims to what became the state of Vermont and the western borders of numerous states, including New York and Virginia, as well as the sovereignty of what became the state of Maine in 1820,", "title": "Proprietary colony" }, { "docid": "74387132", "text": "William Peirce (circa 1585 to 1645 or 1647), emigrated with his family to the new Colony of Virginia, where he became a valued soldier, as well as a planter, merchant and politician. Although Peirce fought in several skirmishes with Native Americans and served in both houses of the Virginia General Assembly as well as helped topple governor John Harvey, today he may best be known as one of the first slave owners in the colony. Early life Pierce was born and married in England. In June 1609 he sailed for the two year old Virginia Colony with his wife and daughter (both named Joan) in a nine-boat flotilla. While the women arrived in the colony by the end of the year, Peirce's ship, the Sea Venture, was shipwrecked in Bermuda, and he did not arrive until 1610. Another passenger on the wrecked vessel was John Rolfe, who was responsible for re-establishing the Jamestown settlement (and thus the colony), and who became the husband of Peirce's daughter (after outliving two previous wives). Career Peirce had military training and used it, as the new colony threatened the interests of local indigenous people as well as prospective Dutch colonists. However, Peirce had not yet arrived when the Anglo-Powhatan Wars began in 1609, though he witnessed Governor George Yeardley's treaty with the Chickahominy people. Later that year, he, John Rolfe and another man went to Old Point Comfort to meet the Treasurer, which bore the first Africans to reach the English colony, and his household later included a Black woman who had arrived on that ship. Peirce was among the officers and troops responding to the massacres of 1622. Likewise, while Virginia colonists traded with the Dutch during his lifetime, the Anglo-Dutch wars erupted less than a decade after his death, and included an attack on Jamestown. Peirce eventually built a store and what Sandys called the fairest house (a brick dwelling) in Jamestown, the colony's seat of government and main settlement. He also bought land nearby. As a government structure became established, and the countryside divided into shires, Peirce bought several land parcels. One that he bought with Rolfe and Smith, included 1700 acres on Mulberry Island (which later became Warwick County). Peirce also was one of three commissioners whom Virginia's governor designated to deal with a ship with enslaved Africans that arrived in the colony in 1619, and at least one of the first enslaved Africans (variously spelled as Angelo or Angela, but a woman) lived at his house for eight years. James City County voters elected Peirce as one of the men representing them in the House of Burgesses in 1624, and re-elected him in 1624. He was appointed to the legislature's higher branch, the Governor's Council (also known as the Council of State) in 1632, and remained a council member until 1643, a few years before his death. Notwithstanding Peirce's role in ousting Governor Harvey, Dame Elizabeth Harvey in 1644/1645 asked that he and Richard Kemp be substituted as trustees", "title": "William Peirce (burgess)" }, { "docid": "54222654", "text": "William B. Zinn (December 6, 1795 – February 20, 1875) was a nineteenth-century farmer, mill-owner, militia leader and politician, who ultimately freed his slaves and became one of the founders of the State of West Virginia. Early life Born on December 6, 1795, in what was then called Gladeville, in Preston County, Virginia (but which became Kingwood, West Virginia, during his lifetime), William Zinn was born to Jacob Zinn (1773–1857) whose father had emigrated from Germany, and his second wife, Sarah \"Sallie\" (Byrne) Bland, the widow of Thomas Bland. He had three older half-brothers, and two younger brothers: Charles B. Zinn (1797–1863) and Peyton Zinn (1807–1860) and sisters Clara and Permelia Zinn Brown (1804–1886). He married at least twice. From his first wife ___Franklin, he inherited slaves and about $8000 in gold and other property when her parents died. His second wife was Juliet Caroline Franklin Zinn. Career Zinn farmed and operated a mill in Preston County, which the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad reached in the mid-1950s. In the 1850 census Zinn owned 22 slaves. At some time he may have freed most, for in the 1860 census he only owned three slaves, compared to the seven slaves owned by his fellow Unconditional Unionist, William Gay Brown, Sr. (who had succeeded him in the House of Delegates in 1832). Preston County voters elected Zinn to represent them, part-time, in the Virginia House of Delegates eight times. He also led the local militia, with the rank of Major. After the Virginia Secession Convention of 1861 voted to secede from the Union over the vehement opposition of Preston County's delegates, Brown and James C. McGrew, Zinn became one of the Preston County leaders who attended the first Wheeling Convention in May 1861. Zinn served as the Convention's chairman beginning on May 13. The Secession Convention expelled Brown and McGrew on June 29, and five Preston County men voting in a Confederate camp on October 24, 1861, elected others to replace them. By contrast, Major Zinn also served as one of Preston County's representatives to the Restored Government at Wheeling, alongside Charles Hooten. Postwar career After the war he served in the West Virginia House of Delegates for a term beginning in 1866 and then was elected to the state Senate and served until 1869. In 1870, Zinn and his wife Julie lived in Rowlesburg, a lumber and mill town that was the second largest in the county, along with two young men who worked on his farm. Death Zinn died in Preston County on February 20, 1875, and is buried in the family cemetery in Arthurdale, West Virginia. References Members of the Virginia House of Delegates Members of the West Virginia House of Delegates West Virginia state senators People from Kingwood, West Virginia People of Virginia in the American Civil War 1795 births 1875 deaths 19th-century American legislators 19th-century Virginia politicians", "title": "William B. Zinn" }, { "docid": "1757252", "text": "The Library of Virginia in Richmond, Virginia, is the library agency of the Commonwealth of Virginia. It serves as the archival agency and the reference library for Virginia's seat of government. The Library moved into a new building in 1997 and is located at 800 East Broad Street, two blocks from the Virginia State Capitol building. It was formerly known as the Virginia State Library and as the Virginia State Library and Archives. Formally founded by the Virginia General Assembly in 1823, the Library of Virginia organizes, cares for, and manages the state's collection of books and official records, many of which date back to the early colonial period. It houses what is believed to be the most comprehensive collection of materials on Virginia government, history, and culture available anywhere. Its research collections contain more than 808,500 bound volumes; 678,790 public documents; 410,330 microforms, including 45,684 reels of microfilmed newspapers; 308,900 photographs and other pictorial materials; 101.8 million manuscript items and records; and several hundred thousand prints, broadsides, and newspapers. History of the institution Although the Library of Virginia was officially established January 23, 1823, its history goes back to the collection of materials acquired for official use by the colonial Council and subsequent colonial and state authorities. The first permanent home of the Library was a small room on the top floor of the State Capitol. The state's books and records eventually outgrew this space, and overflow books and documents were then stored in several rented locations across Richmond. In an 1851 survey by the Smithsonian, the library was listed as having 14,000 volumes. In 1892, the General Assembly provided for a new Virginia State Library on Capitol Square in what is today known as the Oliver Hill Building. Over the ensuing forty years, the Library again outgrew that building, and in 1940 it moved to its third location at the edge of Capitol Square between 11th and Governor Streets (today the Patrick Henry Executive Office Building). It shared this space with the State Law Library, the Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals, the Virginia Department of Law, and the Office of the Attorney General. The Library moved to its current location at 800 East Broad Street in 1997. The old library buildings were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008 and 2005, respectively. The state library houses one of the most comprehensive collections on Virginia. The collection covers Virginia government, history, and culture. The collection focuses on the varied past of the commonwealth, documenting the lives of important and ordinary Virginians and their deeds. The collections include printed material, manuscripts and photographic collections. The Library also supplies research and reference assistance to state officials; consulting services to state and local government agencies and to other Virginia public libraries; administers numerous federal, state, and local grant programs; publishes award-winning books; provides educational programs and resources on Virginia history; and offers exhibitions, lectures, and book-signings. Programs and publications Since 1998, the Library of Virginia and the Library of", "title": "Library of Virginia" }, { "docid": "1882060", "text": "Virginia and Naomi Leong are a mother and daughter who were held within the Villawood Immigration Detention Centre, Australia, from 2001 until 2005. After escalating media attention on the declining mental health of Naomi Leong, both Virginia and Naomi were released on a bridging visa late in the evening of Monday 23 May 2005. Virginia Leong, a Malaysian citizen, was two months pregnant when she was arrested and placed under mandatory detention in 2001 for attempting to leave Australia without correct papers. Her daughter, born within the detention centre, was not automatically granted Australian citizenship and at the time of her release, remains stateless. At the time of her release, Naomi Leong was three years old and had lived her entire life within the detention system. Over this period she allegedly became mentally disturbed, exhibiting various signs including bruises from banging her head against walls. She was also purported to suffer from severe separation anxiety. From March till May 2005, psychiatrist Dr. Michael Dudley orchestrated a campaign to allow Naomi to visit a local playgroup for three hours a week, for the sake of her mental health. Dr. Dudley argued \"She's been brought up in prison, in a highly abnormal environment with highly distressed people. It's not an environment conducive to child development.\" The Immigration Department granted this request, allowing Naomi Leong three hours of association with others her own age once a week. Dr Dudley's report was also used as part of a growing media campaign to highlight problems that a number of groups saw with Australia's hard-line detention policy. Just prior to the release of the pair, the Malaysian media also began to report the story locally. According to former opposition leader Kim Beazley, this embarrassed the Howard government into acting. Shortly after her release, Virginia Leong was provided access to Australia's Medicare scheme, and the right to work (Class A visa). Naomi Leong was not granted access to Medicare and remained on a Class E visa. In addition, Virginia Leong is now required to pay approximately A$500,000 to the Australian government as repayment of the costs incurred by the government to hold her in detention. References History of immigration to Australia Malaysian people of Chinese descent Stateless people Living people Year of birth missing (living people)", "title": "Virginia and Naomi Leong" }, { "docid": "54803088", "text": "The St. Louis County District Courthouse is the seat of government for the northern district of St. Louis County, Minnesota, United States, located in the city of Virginia. The St. Louis County District Court is held in three locations: Duluth, Hibbing and Virginia. The Virginia courthouse was built in Beaux-Arts style in 1910 and expanded with an architecturally sympathetic addition by the firm of Croft & Boerner in 1921. St. Louis County is large—some —and Duluth, the county seat, is at the southern end of the county, far removed from the communities of the Iron Range. Local advocacy succeeded in having a second county court district established in 1904, with cases heard in a small frame building. It was replaced by this present courthouse in 1910. The St. Louis County District Courthouse was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992 for its local significance in the themes of architecture and politics/government. It was nominated for being the long-serving center of government on the Iron Range, a symbol of the drive for local self-governance in Minnesota and one of Virginia's best examples of Beaux-Arts architecture. See also List of county courthouses in Minnesota National Register of Historic Places listings in St. Louis County, Minnesota References External links St. Louis County District Court – Virginia 1910 establishments in Minnesota Beaux-Arts architecture in Minnesota Buildings and structures in Virginia, Minnesota County courthouses in Minnesota Courthouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Minnesota Government buildings completed in 1910 National Register of Historic Places in St. Louis County, Minnesota", "title": "St. Louis County District Courthouse" }, { "docid": "3088313", "text": "The Fifth Virginia Convention was a meeting of the Patriot legislature of Virginia held in Williamsburg from May 6 to July 5, 1776. This Convention declared Virginia an independent state and produced its first constitution and the Virginia Declaration of Rights. Background and composition The previous Fourth Virginia Convention had taken place in Williamsburg, in December 1775. In Philadelphia, the Second Continental Congress appointed George Washington commander of the Continental Army troops that then surrounded Boston, and Virginia patriots defeated an advancing British expeditionary force at the Battle of Great Bridge southeast of Norfolk. The newly elected delegates to the Fifth Virginia Convention re-elected Edmund Pendleton as its president on his return from Philadelphia as presiding officer of the First Continental Congress. The membership could be thought of as belonging to one of three groups: radicals from western Virginia, who had agitated for independence from Britain even before 1775; philosophers of the American Enlightenment; and wealthy planters, largely from the east. A malapportionment of delegates granted disproportionate influence to this latter group. Meeting The Convention convened from May 6 to July 5, 1776, at the colonial capitol in Williamsburg. It elected Edmund Pendleton its presiding officer after his return as president of the First Continental Congress in Philadelphia. There were three parties in the Fifth Convention. The first was mainly made up of wealthy planters, who sought to continue their hold on local government as it had grown up during colonial Virginia's history. These included Robert Carter Nicholas Sr., who opposed the Declaration of Independence from King George III. It dominated the convention by a malapportionment that lent an advantage to the slaveholding east. This party likely ensured the continuation of slavery at a time when other states had already begun ending it with gradual emancipation. It ensured the continued self-perpetuating gentry rule of county government with a franchise limited by property requirements underpinning the republican form of state government. The second party was made up of the intellectuals of the Enlightenment-era lawyers, physicians, and aspiring young men. These included the older generation of George Mason, George Wythe, Edmund Pendleton, and the younger Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. The third party was a minority of young men mainly from western Virginia in present-day West Virginia. This party was led by Patrick Henry and others who supported independence from Britain prior to 1775. On May 15, the Convention declared that the government of Virginia as \"formerly exercised\" by King George III in Parliament was \"totally dissolved\" in light of the King's repeated injuries and his \"abandoning the helm of government and declaring us out of his allegiance and protection\". The Convention adopted a set of three resolutions: one calling for a declaration of rights for Virginia, one calling for the establishment of a republican constitution, and a third calling for federal relations with whichever other colonies would have them and alliances with whichever foreign countries would have them. It also instructed its delegates to the Continental Congress in Philadelphia to declare", "title": "Fifth Virginia Convention" }, { "docid": "4578612", "text": "The Native American tribes in Virginia are the Indigenous peoples whose tribal nations historically or currently are based in the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States of America. Native peoples lived throughout Virginia for at least 12,000 years. At contact, most tribes in what is now Virginia spoke languages from three major language families: Algonquian along the coast and Tidewater region, Siouan in the Piedmont region above the Fall Line, and Iroquoian in the interior, particularly the mountains. About 30 Algonquian tribes were allied in the powerful Powhatan paramount chiefdom along the coast. During English colonization and the formation of the United States, most Virginia tribes had lost their lands and their populations declined due to introduced diseases and warfare. Assimilationist policies also contributed to Indigenous erasure. Surviving local tribes reorganized their governments in the late 20th century. Today Virginia has seven federally recognized tribes and eleven state-recognized tribes, four of which lack federal recognition. Federally recognized tribes in Virginia Virginia has seven federally recognized tribes. These are tribes who can negotiate a government-to-government relationship with the United States. The Pamunkey Indian Tribe was the first tribe in Virginia to gain federal recognition, which they achieved through the Bureau of Indian Affairs in 2015. In 2017, Congress recognized six more tribes through the Thomasina E. Jordan Indian Tribes of Virginia Federal Recognition Act. The federally recognized tribes in Virginia are: Chickahominy Indian Tribe Chickahominy Indian Tribe–Eastern Division Monacan Indian Nation Nansemond Indian Nation Pamunkey Indian Tribe Rappahannock Tribe, Inc. Upper Mattaponi Tribe. State-recognized tribes in Virginia The Commonwealth of Virginia recognizes 11 state-recognized tribes. State-recognition is not well defined and does not confer the same rights as federal recognition. The Commonwealth of Virginia has recognized the Mattaponi and Pamunkey since its inception. Virginia recognized the Rappahannock, Upper Mattaponi, Nansemond, and Monacan Indian Nation in the 1980s. Finally, in 2010, Virginia recognized the Cheroenhaka (Nottoway), Nottoway of Virginia, and Patawomeck. The eleven state-recognized tribes in Virginia are: Cheroenhaka (Nottoway) Indian Tribe Chickahominy Indian Tribe, also federally recognized Chickahominy Indian Tribe–Eastern Division, also federally recognized Mattaponi Indian Nation Monacan Indian Nation, also federally recognized Nansemond Indian Nation, also federally recognized Nottoway Indian Tribe of Virginia Pamunkey Indian Tribe, also federally recognized Patawomeck Indian Tribe of Virginia Rappahannock Indian Tribe, also federally recognized Upper Mattaponi Tribe, also federally recognized History 16th century The first European explorers in what is now Virginia were Spaniards, who landed at two separate places several decades before the English founded Jamestown in 1607. By 1525 the Spanish had charted the eastern Atlantic coastline north of Florida. In 1609, Francisco Fernández de Écija, seeking to deny the English claim, asserted that Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón's failed colony of San Miguel de Gualdape, which lasted the three months of winter 1526–27, had been near Jamestown. Modern scholars instead place this first Spanish colony within US boundaries as having been on an island off Georgia. In 1542, Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto in his expedition to the North American continent", "title": "Native American tribes in Virginia" }, { "docid": "62444502", "text": "Virginia Uranium, Inc. v. Warren, 587 U.S. ___ (2019), was a United States Supreme Court case from the October 2018 term. In a split opinion, the Court held that the state of Virginia's ban on uranium mining did not conflict with the Atomic Energy Act. This case is significant because of its strong impact on environmentalism as well as its discussion of the interplay between states' rights and federal supremacy. It also featured an extensive discussion as to what extent courts should evaluate a legislature's motive for passing a law. Background Coles Hill, Virginia, in Pittsylvania County is the location of one of the largest known uranium deposits in the United States and the seventh largest uranium deposit in the world. The site's main uranium lode was discovered in 1979 on private land owned by the descendants of Walter Coles, who are now the founders and owners of Virginia Uranium, Incorporated. Though VUI owned the land containing the proposed uranium mine, it could not extract the uranium due to a 1982 state ban on uranium mining. Virginia enacted this law after the notorious Three Mile Island disaster in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. When uranium prices rose in the early 2000s, VUI renewed its efforts to develop the mine. Though VUI claimed that its proposed mining site would have generated up to $4.8 billion in net revenue for Virginia businesses, environmental groups criticized the plans, noting that uranium mining contributed to increased cancer rates, acidification of waterways, and air pollution. Local businesses also criticized the proposed uranium mining project, citing potential harm to agriculture, tourism, and other economic development opportunities. VUI lobbied the Virginia General Assembly to loosen the ban. State Senators John Watkins and Richard Saslaw sponsored a bill that would have created a licensing scheme for issuing uranium permits in 2013. However, following the election of Virginia Governor Terry McAuliffe and his vow to veto any effort to lift the uranium ban, VUI decided to pursue a judicial remedy instead. Broadly speaking, the development of uranium is a three step process: physically mining the uranium from the ground; milling the ore to produce yellowcake (urania); and safely securing the waste material (known as 'tailings'). The federal Atomic Energy Act of 1954 confers the responsibility for regulating the second and third steps of the process (milling ore to create yellowcake and storing the tailings) to the United States Atomic Energy Commission (now the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) following the Energy Reorganization Act of 1974). Regulating the first step (mining of ore) has traditionally been left up to the state governments. VUI's argument is that Virginia's ban on mining was in fact motivated by health and safety concerns related to milling ore and storing the waste. Though VUI conceded that the state had the authority to regulate mining, they argued that the Virginia General Assembly's improper motivation for passing the law meant that it should be preempted by the federal Atomic Energy Act and the Supremacy Clause of the United States Constitution. In", "title": "Virginia Uranium, Inc. v. Warren" }, { "docid": "75405735", "text": "Edward Harwood (circa 1740 - after 1807) was a planter, justice of the peace, military officer and politician who represented Warwick County in the Virginia House of Delegates. Early and family life The second surviving son of Mary Pendleton and her planter and patriot husband, Col. William Harwood, also had four sisters (three of whom married). His father was at least the fourth generation to share the first name William (as did this man's elder brother, William Harwood (1737-October 1, 1795)). Their father established Endview Plantation in 1769 (which this man would operate for decades) as well as represented Warwick county for three decades in the Virginia General Assembly, including in the House of Burgesses, five Virginia Revolutionary Conventions and the first session of the Virginia House of Delegates before dying in September 1780. His great-grandfather, Captain Thomas Harwood, sailed to the Virginia colony in 1620 and patented land on what was then called Mulberry Island in the James River (and which became Warwick County, which is now part of Newport News, Virginia). Captain Harwood had a brother or uncle William Harwood who emigrated to Virginia to live at and govern Martin's Hundred before his death in the massacre of 1622. Their noted relative, Sir Edward Harwood (for whom this boy may have been named) had invested in the Virginia Company of London and other colonial enterprises, as well as once briefly traveled to the Virginia colony before his death during the siege of Maastrict in 1632. Career Harwood, like his father and previous generations of this family in the colony, was a planter, presumably cultivating the area's main export crop, tobacco, and definitely used enslaved labor at Endview plantation. Despite some families' use of primogeniture to maintain landholdings, this younger son came to own more slaves in Warwick County than his elder brother by the 1787 tax census, which may have been one reason that his brother William Harwood and possibly their sister Elizabeth moved to what eventually became Shelbyville, Kentucky, where William died in 1795. In 1782, Edward Harwood owned 41 slaves in Warwick County, William owned 23 slaves and their brother Thomas owned 6 slaves, and the following year William owned 18 slaves, third only to Wilson Miles Cary and William Digges. In 1787, Thomas Harwood again failed to appear in the tax census (i.e. died or moved away), but Edward Harwood owned 21 adult slaves and six enslaved teenagers (as well as a horse and 21 cattle) in Warwick county, compared to his brother William who owned 9 adult slaves and 12 enslaved teenagers (as well as five horses and 50 cattle). Edward Harwood also continued the family's tradition of political involvement in Warwick County. He attained his first local office, that of justice of the peace, in 1770. He also led the local militia, attaining the rank of colonel in 1782, and became Warwick's county lieutenant in 1788 (although his governmental claim based on that military service was rejected). Following the death of his neighbor", "title": "Edward Harwood (Virginia politician)" }, { "docid": "7087730", "text": "An income shares formula is used by many states to establish the child support amount of each child rather than what it actually costs to raise a child. According to the National Conference of State Legislatures, In income share model, both parents responsible for the children for contributing financially to the children. Income shares tables calculating child support are not based directly on actual spending on children but rather on indirect estimates of child costs. Income shares model depend on that a child receive the same proportion of parental income and also it assumes that child costs reflect the spending necessary to restore a family's standard of living back to what it was prior to the divorce or having a child. It is very reasonable for the children who their parents divorced. It is consistent with the Uniform Marriage and Divorce Act. This technique was first developed in the 19th century to answer economic questions among different family types, but was never intended to measure the cost of rearing children. The purpose of the income shares- child support lead to more fair and regular fundamental child support awards. Also, governments should regard different political balances that are equality and transparency. Approximately half of all guidelines for child support in the United States are based on the income shares child support model. The income shares model for child support was developed by economist Dr. Robert G. Williams and was based on the work of Thomas Espenshade. Espenshade analyzed the 1972–1973 Consumer Expenditure Survey to determine the costs of raising children in the United States. The number of states using the income shares model is decreasing. Forty states are using the income shares model in the U.S.A : '' Alabama, Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wyoming, Guam, Virgin Islands.'' Child support and the income shares have some purposes like these are creating a support for children consistent with the suitable needs of children and parents to pay, making child support orders coherent and giving guidance to courts and parents to set child support. Child support is prorated between each parent depend on their total income. Child support guidelines and transition to income share model Child support guidelines are used to calculate support spending. These ones have replaced court assumed support payments in the late 1970s and the government mandated that in 1988. There are two different types of guidelines about encouragement of divorce: Income shares and percentage of obligor income. In the parents who have high income, obligor income models are unstable and it has problematic process. So, most government have turned to income share model from percentage of obligor income. Problems of divorce results are usually resolved with income share models. Income shares calculations Calculations is related with how", "title": "Income shares" }, { "docid": "68780970", "text": "Whitebear Whittington or White Bear Whittington is a character that appears in American folktales. He sometimes appears as a bear that marries a human maiden, in folktales of the Animal as Bridegroom type, a set of tales related to Cupid and Psyche. Analysis According to American folklorist Leonard W. Roberts, the name \"Whitebear Whittington\" appears in stories told in New York, North Carolina, and the Ozarks. William Edwin Bettridge and Francis Lee Utley suggested that the reoccurrence of his name (or variations thereof) indicate a possible Scandinavian origin of these narratives. Utley, in a later study, suggested that one tale from Virginia may have come from Norsemen or Swedish immigrants of Delaware. Tales His stories are considered to be a local version of the tale East of the Sun and West of the Moon, told by the Southern Appalachian people. They are also considered a \"traditional Appalachian tale\". These tales can be classified in the Aarne-Thompson-Uther Index as types ATU 425, \"The Search for the Lost Husband\"; ATU 425A, \"The Animal as Bridegroom\", or ATU 425C, \"Beauty and the Beast\". Researcher Carl Lindahl suggests that tale type ATU 425, which features a \"powerful female character\", is part of a repertoire of what he calls \"American mountain märchen\". In relation to Whiteberry Whittington and White-Bear Whittington, folklorist Herbert Halpert noted that both tales \"rationalized\" or altogether replaced the white bear of the other tales for a normal man that wears a white coat made of bearskin. Whitebear Whittington In a tale collected by Richard Chase, a widowed father has three daughters. When he has to go to town, he asks his daughters what they want: the first a dress with the color of every bird in the sky, the second a dress with every color of the rainbow and the third a basketful of white roses. The man finds a bush of white roses and breaks a bush. A voice demands him, in return, the first thing that greets him on his way back home. His youngest daughter is the first one to greet him. That night, the voice comes and demands his payment. The man sends his dog, but it returns scared. The two older sisters also go outside and meet whatever it is out there. The youngest surrenders herself and leaves the house. She finds a white bear, who asks her to climb onto his back. The girl cries so hard that her nose bleeds three drops on the bear's back. They reach a house and the bear asks the girl to light a lamp. She does and a man stands where the bear was. He reveals that he is a bewitched combination of bear and human forms, but he can choose when he becomes one or the other. The girl chooses him to be a man at night. They live together and she gives birth to three children, two boys and a girl. She wants to visit her family and he warns her she must not reveal his", "title": "Whitebear Whittington" }, { "docid": "15683357", "text": "The State House (1620) in St. George's was the first purpose-built home of the House of Assembly, which then constituted the only chamber of the Parliament of Bermuda. Other than fortifications, it was Bermuda's first stone building. It is the oldest surviving Bermudian building, again excepting some fortifications, and has been used since 1815 as a Masonic lodge. Bermuda was settled, unintentionally, in 1609, by the Virginia Company, when its flagship Sea Venture was driven onto the reefs off St. George's Island to prevent her foundering. The survivors, 150 human settlers and crew members and one dog, spent most of the next year on St. George's, before most resumed their voyage to Jamestown, Virginia in two newly constructed ships Deliverance and Patience. The archipelago was officially settled in 1612, when the Virginia Company's Third Charter extended the boundaries of Virginia far enough across the Atlantic to include Bermuda. Settlers and Governor Richard Moore arrived that year aboard Plough to join the three men left behind in 1610. After a brief period on neighbouring Smith's Island, where they found the original three, the settlers moved to St. George's where they founded the town of New London (soon renamed St. George's, like the island). The Virginia Company created a system of government that included the appointed Governor and an elected House Assembly, which held its first session in 1620 (the first assembly having been created in 1619). With no premises of its own, the House of Assembly originally met in St. Peter's Church (the oldest Anglican church outside of the British Isles, having originally been built in 1612, though storms required it to be subsequently rebuilt on several occasions). A purpose-built home was created for the House of Assembly in 1620. The State House was built along Italian lines, due, reportedly, to then-Governor Nathaniel Butler's conviction that Bermuda shared the same latitude and climate. In fact, Bermuda's Oceanic climate features drastically more rainfall than the Mediterranean climate, and the State House's flat roof proved to be a problem, with many years being spent solving the tendency of water to pool on, and seep through, its porous limestone. The State House was Bermuda's first stone building (other than the open walls of fortifications), but subsequent Bermudian buildings did not follow its design; what became typical Bermudian architecture incorporated stone walls, topped with angled, slate roofs, all made from the local limestone sandstone. The angled roofs were used as a water catchment, and directed the rainfall into gutters leading to tanks, or cisterns. The State House housed Bermuda's Parliament from 1620 until 1815, when the capital was relocated to the City of Hamilton. Since then, the State House has been leased to the brethren of Lodge St. George No. 200 G.R.S. The token annual rent paid to the Government for the property is one peppercorn. The payment of this peppercorn has developed into an elaborate ceremony involving the Governor and the military. The State House was one of the sites (the others mostly being", "title": "State House, Bermuda" }, { "docid": "21161663", "text": "The Debbie Smith Act of 2004 () provides United States federal government grants to eligible states and units of local government to conduct DNA analyses of backlogged DNA samples collected from victims of crimes and criminal offenders. The Act expands the Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) and provides legal assistance to survivors of dating violence. Named after sexual assault survivor Debbie Smith, the Act was passed by the 108th Congress as part of larger legislation, the Justice for All Act of 2004 (), and signed into law by President George W. Bush on October 30, 2004. The Act amended the DNA Analysis Backlog Elimination Act of 2000 (), the DNA Identification Act of 1994 (), the Violence Against Women Act of 2000, and the Uniform Code of Military Justice. The Act was reauthorized in 2008, extending the availability of DNA backlog reduction program grants, DNA evidence training and education program grants, and sexual assault forensic exam program grants through fiscal year 2014. Debbie Smith On March 3, 1989, a man wearing a ski mask entered Debbie Smith's home in Williamsburg, Virginia, threatened her with a gun, dragged her into the woods, blindfolded her, and raped her repeatedly over the next hour. Smith participated in the collection of DNA evidence for a rape kit, but it was neither formally tested nor entered into a national database until 1994. On July 24, 1995, a DNA technician identified Debbie's attacker, Norman Jimmerson, while analyzing various DNA records. Jimmerson, then serving time for abducting and robbing two women in 1989, was sentenced to 161 years in prison under the three strikes law. Provisions of the Act The Act attempts to eliminate backlogs of DNA samples collected from crime victims and criminal offenders, to expand the number and type of samples included in the Combined DNA Index System (CODIS), and to provide legal assistance to survivors of dating violence. The Act amends the DNA Analysis Backlog Elimination Act of 2000 (42 U.S.C. 14135) to reauthorize and broaden the number of eligible grantees under the Debbie Smith DNA Backlog Grant Program. The Act expands eligible grantees to include local units of government and authorizes the appropriation of $151,000,000 each year for fiscal years 2005 through 2009 to states and local units of government to conduct DNA analyses of backlogged DNA samples collected from victims and criminal offenders. Under the Act, the Attorney General may award grants to eligible grantees to alleviate backlogs requiring a forensic science other than DNA analysis pending the state or local unit of government can certify that no significant backlog awaits DNA analysis and that there is no immediate need for laboratory equipment, supplies, or additional personnel to ensure the timely processing of future DNA evidence. The Act also amends the DNA Analysis Backlog Elimination Act of 2000 (42 U.S.C. 14135) to provide for the use of vouchers or contracts for laboratory services to assist in the reduction of backlogged DNA evidence. The Act amends the DNA Identification Act of 1994 to", "title": "Debbie Smith Act" }, { "docid": "4871487", "text": "Poor Mountain is a ridge of high peaks located in Roanoke County, Virginia and Montgomery County, Virginia. At 3,928 feet, Poor Mountain is the tallest mountain in the immediate area. Poor Mountain has the largest known population, by far, of piratebush (Buckleya distichophylla), a plant which draws nutrients from the roots of Eastern Hemlock trees. Piratebush is found only in limited numbers at a few other locations in Virginia, North Carolina, and Tennessee. The Poor Mountain Natural Area Preserve has been established to protect this population. Twelve O'clock Knob is located adjacent to Poor Mountain in Roanoke County directly south of Salem, Virginia. The north slope of the ridgeline formed by Poor Mountain and Twelve O'clock Knob marks the southwestern boundary of the Roanoke Valley. Fort Lewis Mountain is located directly across the valley from Poor Mountain. Communications hub Poor Mountain is the location of several broadcasting antennas for radio and television stations in the Roanoke, Virginia-Lynchburg, Virginia Designated Market Area (DMA). On the apex of the mountain in what's referred to as an \"antenna farm\" are the broadcasting antennas on towers for radio stations WVTF(FM) 89.1, licensed to the Virginia Tech Foundation, Inc.; WXL60 (VHF-FM) 162.475 MHz (NOAA Weather Radio), licensed to NOAA, National Weather Service; W220BD 91.9, licensed to Family Radio; and three radio stations licensed to Mel Wheeler, Incorporated, WXLK(FM) 92.3; WSLC-FM 94.9; and WSLQ(FM) 99.1. Digital television stations located in the antenna farm are WBRA-TV 3 (PSIP Channel 15), WDBJ 18 (PSIP Channel 7), WSLS-TV 30 (PSIP Channel 10), WFXR 17 (PSIP Channel 27), WPXR-TV 36 (PSIP Channel 38), and WEDD-LD 26. All of these stations are licensed to Roanoke. Other telecommunication antennas and towers for local, county, state and national public service, are also located on Poor Mountain, and their flashing Federal Aviation Administration tower lights can be seen from dozens of miles away, especially at night. The antennas for the other primary digital TV stations in the Roanoke DMA, WSET-TV 13 (PSIP Channel 13) and WWCW 20 (PSIP Channel 21) are located on towers on Thaxton Mountain, halfway between Lynchburg and Roanoke. Prior to the 2009 digital TV transition, WSET could not locate on Poor Mountain because of an inability to provide analog \"city-grade\" coverage of Lynchburg from that site, in addition to short-spacing concerns with WOWK-TV in Huntington, West Virginia. The Poor Mountain broadcast antenna farm is a good example of radio and TV stations, co-locating their broadcast towers near each other on the highest point near their Federal Communications Commission (FCC) city of license. Wind farm bid The mountain is under consideration for the placement of a wind farm. Reportedly, Invenergy Wind LLC dropped the idea of putting wind turbines on Poor Mountain and neighboring Bent Mountain, as a study concluded that the potential energy would overload the existing electricity transmission lines found in the immediate area, however they have not and are still trying to pass the project through state and local government venues. They already have the land leased for", "title": "Poor Mountain" }, { "docid": "25850041", "text": "Chesapeake pipes, which are also known as colono-pipes, terra-cotta pipes, local pipes, Virginia-made pipes and aboriginal pipes, refer to a type of tobacco pipe that was produced in the Chesapeake Bay region of eastern North America during the 17th century. Made out of local clays, the pipes had a distinctive orange or brown color, with many being decorated with abstract designs and motifs. Such pipes are so common that they have been described as being \"ubiquitous in [the] archaeological sites of Virginia and Maryland\". Historical archaeologists debate as to which community was responsible for the production of the Chesapeake pipes, with figures like Matthew Emerson and Leland Ferguson purporting that they were manufactured primarily by African American slaves, whilst others, like L. Mouer, instead argue that the primary producers were Native Americans. Whilst debate continues as to which of these two ethnic groups were the primary producer, it has also been noted that there are examples where Chesapeake pipes were most likely produced by European settlers in the area. Due to the confusion as to which ethnic group was responsible for their manufacture, similarities with a type of North American ceramic earthenware known as colonoware have been made. Background In the Chesapeake Bay region during the 17th century, three different ethnic communities coexisted: the English settlers, who were politically, militarily and economically dominant, the African Americans, who were primarily slaves in the service of wealthy English plantation owners, and the Native American groups, who were being increasingly marginalised. Amongst all three of these groups, the smoking of tobacco was common, and all three groups had histories of using clay pipes to smoke the drug. Within 17th-century Chesapeake Bay, there was a significant amount of cooperation and interaction between the members of these different communities, for instance the last pocket of resistance during Bacon's Rebellion of 1676 was recorded as consisting of \"eighty Negroes and twenty English\" who were cooperating to oppose the Virginia governorship. It would only be in the 18th century that the concept of firmly dividing society up into ethnic groups became acceptable in the region, when laws preventing inter-ethnic marriage were introduced. The Native American tribes of the Chesapeake region, who were Algonquian speakers, had made use of a type of \"relatively small, clay, conical-bowled, obtuse- or right-angled elbow pipe\" prior to European and African colonization of the area. The first African slaves had been brought to the Chesapeake in the early 17th century, being recorded in Virginia in 1619 and in Maryland in 1634. The majority of those brought to this area probably came from the coastal and inland states of Western Africa, but some likely originated from Central Africa, the Congo and Madagascar as well. Western Africans had been smoking tobacco since it was introduced to the area by European traders in the early 16th century, although it remains unknown how prevalent it had become by the seventeenth. Some native African pipe-making manufacturers had been set up, for archaeologists have unearthed locally made clay pipes", "title": "Chesapeake pipes" }, { "docid": "774258", "text": "Joseph Ellis Johnson (December 19, 1785 – February 27, 1877) was a farmer, businessman, and politician who served as United States Representative and became the 32nd Governor of Virginia from 1852 to 1856, the first Virginia governor to be popularly elected as well as the only Virginia governor from west of the Appalachian mountains. During the American Civil War, he sympathized with the Confederacy, but returned to what had become West Virginia for his final years. Early life and family Born in Orange County, New York, Johnson moved with his widowed mother Abigail Wright Johnson (1753–1839) and four siblings to Belvidere, New Jersey in 1791, and then to Winchester, Virginia (possibly after a long detour to Suffolk in southeast Virginia). In 1801, the family moved further west across the Appalachian Mountains to Bridgeport in what became Harrison County, Virginia (and West Virginia late in his lifetime, as discussed below). The sixteen-year-old Johnson soon got a job helping Ephraim Smith, a local gentleman farmer suffering from ill health, and managed Smith's land. Three years later, on May 14, 1804, he married one of his employer's daughters, Sarah Smith (1784–1853). At least five of their children died before the age of 11. However, their son Dr. Benjamin Franklin Johnson (1816–1855) and daughter Catherine Selina Minor (1824–1900) survived and married, although both moved from the area (to Franklin County, Ohio, and Baltimore, respectively). Career By 1807, in addition to farming, Johnson rebuilt the Smith mill (built circa 1803) on Simpson Creek, which he bought from Smith's widow and heirs. In 1811, the Harrison county government ordered a bridge built about a quarter mile above \"Johnson's Mill\", which became the first bridge built in Harrison county outside Clarksburg. As discussed below, Johnson would incorporate Bridgeport on his land, as well as build a mansion, which survives today as the Governor Joseph Johnson House, although both his son and daughter moved to states which remained in the Union. Unlike many Virginians living across the Appalachian mountains, Johnson came to own enslaved people. While Johnson did not own slaves according to the 1820 federal census, in both the 1830 and 1840 federal census, Johnson owned three enslaved males and three enslaved females (two of each were children in 1830 but by 1840 all were 10 years old or older). In the 1850 federal census, the first with separate slave schedules, Johnson owned two mulatto men (aged 50 and 22), as well as a 15 year old Black boy, and three Black women (aged 48, 25 and 23 years old). A decade later, in the last federal slave census, Johnson owned 11 enslaved people (mulatto men aged 65, 35 and 29 years old, mulatto women aged 60, 33 and 31, a 15 year old Black boy, and mulatto boys aged 8, 6, 3 and year old). Constable to Captain Johnson initially became active in local politics as a member of the Democratic-Republican Party (aligned with President Thomas Jefferson). He became the local constable in 1811 and formed", "title": "Joseph Johnson (Virginia politician)" }, { "docid": "188900", "text": "The Colony of Virginia was an English, later British, colonial settlement in North America between 1606 and 1776. The first effort to create an English settlement in the area was chartered in 1584 and established in 1585; the resulting Roanoke Colony lasted for three attempts totaling six years. In 1590, the colony was abandoned. But nearly 20 years later, the colony was re-settled at Jamestown, not far north of the original site. A second charter was issued in 1606 and settled in 1607, becoming the first enduring English colony in North America. It followed failed attempts at settlement on Newfoundland by Sir Humphrey Gilbert in 1583 and the Roanoke Colony (in modern eastern North Carolina) by Sir Walter Raleigh in the late 1580s. The founder of the second colony was the Virginia Company, chartered by King James I, with its first two settlements being in Jamestown on the north bank of the James River and Popham Colony on the Kennebec River in modern-day Maine, both in 1607. The Popham colony quickly failed because of famine, disease, and conflicts with local Native American tribes in the first two years. Jamestown occupied land belonging to the Powhatan Confederacy; it was also on the brink of failure before the arrival of a new group of settlers and supplies by ship in 1610. Tobacco became Virginia's first profitable export, the production of which had a significant impact on the society and settlement patterns. In 1624, the Virginia Company's charter was revoked by King James I, and the Virginia Colony was transferred to royal authority as a crown colony. After the English Civil War in the 1640s and 1650s, the Virginia colony was nicknamed \"The Old Dominion\" by King Charles II for its perceived loyalty to the English monarchy during the era of the Protectorate and Commonwealth of England. From 1619 to 1775/1776, the colonial legislature of Virginia was the General Assembly, which governed in conjunction with a colonial governor. Jamestown remained the capital of the Virginia Colony until 1699; from 1699 until its dissolution, the capital was in Williamsburg. The colony experienced its first significant political turmoil with Bacon's Rebellion of 1676. After declaring independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1775, before the Declaration of Independence was officially adopted, the Virginia Colony became the Commonwealth of Virginia, one of the original thirteen states of the United States, adopting as its official slogan \"The Old Dominion\". The entire modern states of West Virginia, Kentucky, Indiana, and Illinois, and portions of Ohio and Western Pennsylvania were later created from the territory encompassed, or claimed by, the colony of Virginia at the time of further American independence in July 1776. Etymology Virginia \"Virginia\" is the oldest designation for English claims in North America. In 1584, Sir Walter Raleigh sent Philip Amadas and Arthur Barlowe to explore what is now the North Carolina coast. They returned with word of a regional king (weroance) named Wingina, who ruled a land supposedly called Wingandacoa. \"Virginia\" was originally a", "title": "Colony of Virginia" }, { "docid": "7351584", "text": "The Fluvanna County militia was a component of the Virginia militia during the American Revolutionary War. It was based in Fluvanna County, Virginia for the majority of the war and only saw action near the end of the conflict, in 1781. Size It is unknown how many people made up the Fluvanna militia at various points throughout the war. Six companies are listed as the station of Revolutionary War forces in local documents. As of January 13, 1781 Thomas Jefferson knew there to be 260 men enlisted in the militia. It is known that Thomas Jefferson asked for one quarter of the county's militia, 65 men, to fight at Green Spring, West Virginia in 1781, near the end of the war. What is known is that Fluvanna was the site of Point of Fork Arsenal, a major center of arms manufacturing for the Virginia government during the Revolution. Origins Like other county militias, the Fluvanna militia was formed as a local branch of the Virginia militia. It was led by Captain Richard Napier. In order to join the militia, men were required to take a \"Test Oath\" renouncing King George III and pledging themselves to defend the Commonwealth. Known members This is a list of known members of the militia and their rank, if appropriate. Timeline of Events References External links 5th Virginia Regiment (pre-1780) Pictorial Field Book of the Revolution Bibliography of the Continental Army in Virginia compiled by the United States Army Center of Military History Fluvanna County, Virginia Virginia militia Military units of Virginia in the American Revolution", "title": "Fluvanna County militia" }, { "docid": "43173956", "text": "The 1998 Virginia State Elections took place on Election Day, November 3, 1998, the same day as the U.S. House elections in the state. The only statewide elections on the ballot were five constitutional referendums to amend the Virginia State Constitution. Because Virginia state elections are held on off-years, no statewide officers or state legislative elections were held. All referendums were referred to the voters by the Virginia General Assembly. Question 1 The Overseas Voters Act amendment asked voters to permit persons employed overseas and their families who are qualified to vote in Virginia to continue to vote in Virginia while overseas, subject to the conditions and time limits set by federal and state laws. Question 2 The Judicial Inquiry and Review Commission Act amendment affects the Judicial Inquiry and Review Commission's confidential investigations of charges against judges. This proposed amendment gives the General Assembly the ability to disclose the scope and level of confidentiality of these investigations. Furthermore, this amendment gives the General Assembly the responsibility to provide by statute the extent to which Commission proceedings and documents will be confidential. Question 3 The Economic Development Areas; Governing Bodies Act amendment asked voters to authorize agreements among localities for sharing the revenues and costs of a specified land area and for the General Assembly to establish a special governing body for the area. Fiscal commitments related to the land area would not be deemed local debt. Question 4 The Economic Growth-Sharing Agreements Act amendment asked voters to exempt the fiscal obligations involved in economic growth-sharing agreements from certain constitutional limits or requirements that usually apply to local debt. The amendment will treat this type of obligation like other special types of local debt that are not subject to those constitutional limits. Question 5 The Tax Exemptions Act amendment asked voters to allow the General Assembly the ability to give local governments the option of partially or fully eliminating either the business, professional or occupational license tax or the merchants' capital tax or both. References 1998 Virginia elections 1998", "title": "1998 Virginia ballot measures" }, { "docid": "13128697", "text": "The Restored (or Reorganized) Government of Virginia was the Unionist government of Virginia during the American Civil War (1861–1865) in opposition to the government which had approved Virginia's seceding from the United States and joining the new Confederate States of America. Each state government regarded the other as illegitimate. The Restored Government attempted to assume de facto control of the Commonwealth's northwest with the help of the Union Army but was only partly successful. It raised Union regiments from local volunteers but depended upon recruits from Pennsylvania and Ohio to fulfill its commitments. It administered this territory until, with its approval, the area became part of West Virginia in mid-1863. The Restored Government thereafter continued to operate, albeit with very limited actual authority, within what it considered to be the Commonwealth's new borders under the protection of the Union Army. The Restored Government therefore became a shadow government similar in many respects to the state governments loyal to the Confederacy that claimed Kentucky and Missouri; however, unlike those governments, Virginia's Unionist government was never completely expelled from its claimed territory and thus did not become a government in exile. Until the end of hostilities, most of its de jure territory remained controlled by the secessionist state government, which never recognized either Unionist state government operating within its antebellum borders. Furthermore, since the Restored Government's claimed territory not under secessionist control only remained so by force of arms, it was placed under Federal martial law, thus further limiting the authority of the Unionist civilian government. The Restored Government had only executive and legislative branches; it did not form a judicial branch. It met in Wheeling, in the extreme northwestern corner of the state, until that became part of West Virginia. From August 26, 1863, until June, 1865, it met in Alexandria on the right bank of the Potomac River, which had been occupied by Union Army forces in 1861 to protect the adjacent national capital of Washington, D.C. The Restored Government adopted a new state constitution in 1864 abolishing slavery, and, the following year, ratified the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. From its formation, the Restored Government claimed the state's antebellum capital of Richmond (which also became the Confederacy's national capital) as its own de jure capital city. It eventually moved there near the end of the war after the Confederate States government and General-in-Chief Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia evacuated it as their capital in late March 1865, and the city returned to Federal control. Formation When the Second Wheeling Convention met in its first session, in June 1861, it adopted \"A Declaration of the People of Virginia\". The declaration stated that the Virginia Declaration of Rights required any substantial change in the form or nature of state government to be approved by the people. Since the Virginia secession convention had been convened by the legislature, not the people, the declaration pronounced the secession convention illegal, and that all of its acts—including the Ordinance of Secession—were", "title": "Restored Government of Virginia" }, { "docid": "1797111", "text": "The Committee of Nine was a group of conservative political leaders in Virginia, led by Alexander H. H. Stuart, following the American Civil War, when Virginia was required to adopt a new Constitution acknowledging the abolition of slavery before its readmission into the Union. They engineered the federal and state political machinery so that separate votes would be taken on the constitution (which was overwhelmingly ratified) and provisions restricting voting and office-holding rights of former Confederates (which was narrowly defeated). Background Following the American Civil War and testimony before Congress that President Andrew Johnson's self-reconstruction was not allowing newly freed slaves many civil rights, Congress passed four Reconstruction Acts which set forth requirements for civilians to take control over the state governments in formerly Confederate states, instead of the military. Because Virginia's 1850 Constitution supported slavery, which became illegal during the American Civil War, and the delegates drafting the 1864 Constitution under provisional Governor Francis Harrison Pierpont did not represent the entire state, Virginia needed to draft and adopt a new Constitution to end military rule. Many high-ranking former Confederates were not permitted and others chose not to vote for members of the Constitutional Convention of 1867–68, which included African-American delegates and abolitionist federal judge John Curtiss Underwood dominated. The Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1868 actually began its work in December 1867. Virginia newspapers and Conservatives, including Alexander H.H. Stuart, began criticizing the convention, particularly its African-American members, during that month. Nonetheless, the Convention continued, and did include former Confederates as members. Major areas of debate concerned state administration, voting regulations, restrictions on officeholding by former Confederates, and social policies. During acrimonious sessions in early 1868, many Conservative members either left or were dismissed by the convention before it approved a draft in April, which needed to be approved by voters. The \"Underwood Constitution\" included \"free schools for both races, equal rights provisions, and reforms of local government.\" It also included controversial and very strict clauses concerning ex-Confederates, which were unpopular, so Virginia's military ruler during Congressional Reconstruction, General John Schofield, and later President-elect Ulysses S. Grant delayed the ratification vote for what turned out to be more than a year. Meanwhile, by the autumn of 1868, Virginia's Republican party split because of the anti-Confederate provisions. Governor Henry H. Wells (who succeeded Pierpont) argued that Unionists would be at risk in Virginia if the disabling clauses were removed from the proposed Virginia Constitution. Stuart had appointed former Confederate general John Echols as part of a committee of three, along with F. G. Ruffin and James D. Johnston, which was to recommend eight other men to serve in the Committee of Nine. Echols would never formally become a member of the Committee of Nine, although he worked closely with Stuart to publish the \"Senex\" letter described below and set up the compromise. By the end of 1868, Republicans who had been displeased with the final constitution approved by the convention joined forces with what formally became the Committee of Nine. These", "title": "Committee of Nine" }, { "docid": "22416349", "text": "Jamestown, also Jamestowne, was the first settlement of the Virginia Colony, founded in 1607, and served as the capital of Virginia until 1699, when the seat of government was moved to Williamsburg. This article covers the history of the fort and town at Jamestown proper, as well as colony-wide trends resulting from and affecting the town during the time period in which it was the colonial capital of Virginia. Arrival and first landing The London Company sent an expedition to establish a settlement in the Virginia Colony in December 1606. The expedition consisted of three ships, Susan Constant (the largest ship, sometimes known as Sarah Constant, Christopher Newport captain and in command of the group), Godspeed (Bartholomew Gosnold captain), and Discovery (the smallest ship, John Ratcliffe captain). The ships left Blackwall, now part of London, with 105 men and boys and 39 crew members. By April 6, 1607, Godspeed, Susan Constant, and Discovery arrived at the Spanish colony of Puerto Rico, where they stopped for provisions before continuing their journey. By the end of April, the expedition reached the southern edge of the mouth of what is now known as Chesapeake Bay. After an unusually long journey of more than four months, the 104 men and boys (one passenger of the original 105 died during the journey) arrived at their chosen settlement spot in Virginia. There were no women on the first ships. They named the Virginia capes after the sons of their king, the southern Cape Henry, for Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales, and the northern Cape Charles, for his younger brother, Charles, Duke of York. On April 26 upon landing at Cape Henry, they set up a cross near the site of the current Cape Henry Memorial, and Chaplain Robert Hunt made the following declaration: This site came to be known as the \"first landing.\" A party of the men explored the area and had a minor conflict with some Virginia Indians. Exploration, seeking a site After the expedition arrived in what is now Virginia, sealed orders from the Virginia Company of London were opened. The orders named Captain John Smith as a member of the governing council. He had been arrested for mutiny during the voyage and was incarcerated aboard one of the ships. He had been scheduled to be hanged upon arrival but was freed by Captain Newport after the opening of the orders. The same orders also directed the expedition to seek an inland site for their settlement, which would afford protection from enemy ships. Obedient to their orders, the settlers and crew members reboarded their three ships and proceeded into Chesapeake Bay. They landed again at what is now called Old Point Comfort in Hampton. In the following days, seeking a suitable location for their settlement, the ships ventured upstream along the James River. Both the James River and the settlement they sought to establish, Jamestown (originally called \"James His Towne\") were named in honor of King James I. Selection of Jamestown On May", "title": "History of Jamestown, Virginia (1607–1699)" }, { "docid": "49214523", "text": "The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to government: Government – system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a state. In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislature, executive, and judiciary. Government is a means by which organizational policies are enforced, as well as a mechanism for determining policy. In many countries, the government has a kind of constitution, a statement of its governing principles and philosophy. While all types of organizations have governance, the term government is often used more specifically to refer to the approximately 200 independent national governments and subsidiary organizations. Government and the State What is government? Government - is a general term which can be used to refer to public bodies organizing the political life of the society. Government can also refer to the collective head of the executive branch of power in a polity. Public policies - Public taxation Public defense Public education Public transportation Healthcare Environment Civil rights Working conditions Legislative power - Executive power - Judicial power - Constitution - The State Five characteristics of a state Population Territory Sovereignty Government Permanence Major Political Ideas Evolutionary Theory - Social Contract Theory - Divine Theory - Meritocracy - The Purpose of Government Form a More Perfect Union - Establish Justice - Insure Domestic Tranquility - Provide for the Common Defense - Promote the General Welfare - Secure the Blessings of Liberty - History of government History of government Origins of American Government Our Political Beginnings Basic concepts of Government Ordered government Limited government Representative government Landmark English Documents Magna Carta Petition of Right English Bill of Rights English Colonies Charter Royal Colonies - New Hampshire, Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia Council Bicameralism Proprietary colonies - Maryland, Pennsylvania, Delaware Unicameralism Charter colonies - Connecticut and Rhode Island The Coming of Independence New England Confederation Albany Plan of Union Delegate Boycott Repeal Popular sovereignty Declaration of Independence Critical Period Articles of Confederation Ratification Presiding Officer Creating and Ratifying the Constitution Framers of the Constitution - Virginia Plan - New Jersey Plan - Connecticut Compromise - Three-Fifths Compromise - Slave Trade Compromise - Federalists - Anti-Federalists - Quorum - Forms of government Who Can Participate Democracy - Dictatorship - Autocracy - Oligarchy - Geographic Distribution of Power Unitary government - Federal government - Confederate government (Confederation) - Relationship Between Legislative and Executive Powers Presidential government - Parliamentary government - Basic Concepts of Democracy Foundations Popular sovereignty Limited government Human equality Democracy and the Free Enterprise System Free enterprise system - Law of supply and demand - Mixed economy - The Constitution Six Basic Principles Preamble Articles Basic Principles Popular Sovereignty Limited Government Constitutionalism Rule of law Separation of powers Checks and balances Veto Judicial review Unconstitutional Federalism Formal Amendment Legislature Chambers Unicameralism Multicameralism Bicameralism Tricameralism Tetracameralism Upper house (Senate) Lower house Parliament Parliamentary system Parliamentary group Member of Parliament International parliament Parliamentary procedure Committee Quorum Motion", "title": "Outline of government" }, { "docid": "4232422", "text": "Lackey (also known locally in its heyday as \"the Reservation\") was a small unincorporated community near Yorktown in York County, Virginia, United States established primarily after the American Civil War. Lackey is now extinct as the properties were bought by the federal government in 1918 for use as a naval military installation. History Evidence from an oral history study suggests there was a small free people of color community in this area before the Civil War. Free African American families were established primarily by unions between white slave owners and African or African-American women during the colonial period, when the working class lived and worked together. From 1860 to 1870, the black population in York County doubled, due to slaves escaping to Union lines. The total population in the county was majority black, with a portion having gained freedom before the war. After the war, a number of freedmen remained, settling in and near what became called \"the reservation\" and then Lackey, along the Yorktown-Williamsburg Road. Several hundred African-American families lived here by the turn of the 20th century. They worked in farming and/or (and sometimes both) as fishermen and oystermen in the local waters. During World War I, the properties of many primarily African-American landowners along the former Yorktown-Williamsburg Road were taken to create a military reservation now known as Naval Weapons Station Yorktown. Oral histories indicate that as many as 60 African-American families were displaced by the Navy, and many of these were said to own their land. Three churches also had to vacate the desired land. Assisted by self-educated farmer John Tack Roberts (born approximately 1860), who studied law and became a magistrate, many of the displaced residents of Lackey were able to obtain financial compensation from the government for their property. A number relocated to the community of Grove in nearby James City County. Others moved to Williamsburg, or Lee Hall. Many were unable to buy comparable areas with their compensation, and turned from farming to other trades. Another small community, also named Lackey, was later developed along the Yorktown Road a few miles away. However, the original Lackey is now considered extinct and one of the many lost towns of Virginia. Further reading McCartney, Martha W. (1977) James City County: Keystone of the Commonwealth; James City County, Virginia; Donning and Company; References External links Bradley M. McDonald, Kenneth E. Stuck, and Kathleen J. Bragdon, \"Cast Down Your Bucket Where You Are\": An Ethnohistorical Study of the African-American Community on the Lands of the Yorktown Naval Weapons Station, 1865–1918, 1992. William and Mary College Occasional Papers in Archaeology, full text online at Hathi Trust. Geography of York County, Virginia Ghost towns in Virginia", "title": "Lackey, Virginia" }, { "docid": "21594591", "text": "Edward Major (1615 – c. 1655) was an English religious dissenter who emigrated to the Virginia where he became a planter, military officer and politician who represented the area variously called Upper Norfolk County or Nansemond County and became Speaker of the Virginia House of Burgesses. Early life Major was born in England around 1615, and dissented from the ruling Church of England, probably aligning with the Puritan sect. Complicating matters, as explicated by genealogist James Branch Cabell a century ago, other men of the same name lived in Virginia during his lifetime, particularly Edward Major who lived in Accomack County, on Virginia's Eastern Shore, bore sons named Thomas, John and Richard and died before 1645. Career Major sailed on the Bonaventure to the Colony of Virginia, landing in January, 1635. He was listed as a headright by Robert Bennett, brother of future Virginia Governor Richard Bennett, who would represent Parliament's interests in negotiations with the Virginia Colony before it accepted Parliamentary leadership during the English Civil War. Major briefly lived in Charles River County (and his son William would inherit land in that county) but settled to the south near the Nansemond River, where other Puritans had settled. In May 1637 Major patented 450 acres near the land of burgess Daniel Gookin (based on his own emigration and that of eight other people), and renewed that patent while also adding another 50 acres for another headright in 1646. In September 1645 he also patented 300 acres in Warwick County. Major became a prominent farmer as well as militia leader in what was sometimes called Upper Norfolk County or Nansemond County. The Nansemond Puritans went so far in 1642 as to write the Governor of the Massachusetts colony, John Winthrop, asking for clergy, and three clergymen soon arrived, to the great displeasure of Virginia Governor William Berkeley, who ordered them to leave (Some Puritans later blamed that edit for the Native American uprising of 1644). Circa 1648, during his absence from the legislature as noted below, Major probably also helped Richard Bennett to establish the Puritan settlement in Maryland. In any event, Governor Richard Bennett, sympathetic to the religious nonconformists, named Major Lieutenant Colonel of the Nansemond militia in 1653. Whether titled of Nansemond, Nanzimond or Upper Norfolk County, local voters at least five times elected Major as one of the men representing them in the House of Burgesses. The first occasion was in 1645, when the county received an additional seat in the House of Burgesses, and Major won re-election once despite the number of burgesses representing the county again becoming two. A similar legislative increase in 1653 also led to Major's addition as a burgess, but he also served in the first of two 1652 sessions in which Nansemond only had two burgesses in the assembly' lower house. In one of the 1652 sessions, Virginia's assembly recognized Parliamentary control of the British government and acceded to its governance of the colony. Major was closely associated with Puritan settlers", "title": "Edward Major" }, { "docid": "33730380", "text": "Zimbabwe is the largest grower of tobacco in Africa, and the 4th largest grower in the world. Three types of tobacco have traditionally been grown in the country: Virginia flue-cured, burley and oriental tobacco. Over 95% of Zimbabwe’s tobacco consists of flue-cured tobacco, which is renowned for its flavor. The cash crop is a major part of Zimbabwe's economy. In 2017, tobacco accounted for 11% of the country's GDP, and 3 million of the country's 16 million people depended on tobacco farming for their livelihood. The main export market is China, which purchased 54% of Zimbabwe's exports in 2015. History of tobacco production Tobacco was grown in Zimbabwe for subsistence purposes even before the British arrived in Africa. In 1889, the British South Africa Company established British rule over what became Southern Rhodesia. The European colonists reserved half of the country's land for their own use. The highveld was not desirable for growing food crops and raising livestock, so the Company turned to tobacco as a crop that could thrive in the sandy soil. Rhodesia modeled its tobacco industry on the United States, adopting American production methods to grow Virginia tobacco. Rhodesian tobacco found a ready export market, as Rhodesia was in a customs union with South Africa and had Imperial Preference in the British market. By the 1950s, Rhodesia was producing over 100 million pounds of tobacco each year, 99% of it Virginia flue-cured tobacco. At its peak, Rhodesia produced 20% of the world's flue-cured tobacco. In 1965, the white minority government of Rhodesia declared independence from Great Britain. International sanctions against Rhodesia eliminated many export markets, and the anti-smoking movement reduced global demand for tobacco. In 1968, Rhodesia was hit by the worst drought in 40 years. White farmers were also targeted for assassination by black rebels in the Rhodesian Bush War. As a result, the Rhodesian tobacco crop declined from 325 million pounds in 1965 to 132 million pounds in 1971. Transition to black majority rule In 1979, the civil war ended with the Lancaster House Agreement, which granted the country black majority rule. For the next 20 years, Robert Mugabe and his ZANU-PF government allowed the whites to keep farming the land. Tobacco production recovered and peaked at in 1998. Land redistribution At independence, almost half of the country's arable land was owned by whites, who made up less than 5% of the population. Although land reform had been a major rallying cry of the black rebels, the Lancaster House Agreement prohibited nationalization of land before 1990. White-owned land could only be transferred to blacks on a \"willing buyer, willing seller\" basis, and purchases were funded by the British government. Although white farmers felt some apprehension as the 1990 deadline approached, no large-scale land confiscations took place. In 1997, Tony Blair led the Labour Party to victory in the British general election after 18 years of Conservative rule. In 1999, Mugabe accused Blair of reneging on previous commitments made to Zimbabwe by the Conservatives. In 2000,", "title": "Tobacco in Zimbabwe" }, { "docid": "18891593", "text": "Mark Funkhouser (born October 4, 1949) is an American academic, author, and former politician who served as the 53rd mayor of Kansas City, Missouri, serving one four-year term from May 1, 2007, until May 2, 2011. Prior to serving as the city's mayor, Funkhouser served as Kansas City's city auditor. Currently, he serves as the publisher of Governing magazine. He is also the author of the blog, \"Bring on the Funk, and the book, Honest, Competent Government: The Promise of Performance Auditing. In 2016, Funkhouser was elected as a fellow of the National Academy of Public Administration. Early life and education Born and raised in Paden City, West Virginia, Funkhouser graduated from Paden City High School. He earned his B.A. in political science from Thiel College, his M.A. in business administration from Tennessee State University, M.A. in social work from West Virginia University and his Ph.D. from the University of Missouri–Kansas City. Early career Funkhouser was the founding editor of the Local Government Auditing Quarterly and served in that capacity for ten years. He has taught at Salem College, Salem, West Virginia, Park University, University of Missouri-Kansas City and University of Kansas. He was the Director of State Audit in Nashville, Tennessee, from 1978-1988, leaving that post to become the Kansas City Auditor in 1988, and relinquishing that post in 2006 to run for mayor. 2007 mayoral race Announcing his candidacy for mayor of Kansas City, Missouri in late 2006, Funkhouser was endorsed early by the Kansas City Star and emerged as one of two candidates following the February mayoral primary fielding 13 candidates. Funkhouser won the mayoral election on March 27, 2007. Funkhouser's campaign motto was \"A city that works for regular folks.\" He had campaigned on a promise to pay more attention to neighborhoods and to end corrupt TIF deals with special-interest developers. During his mayoral campaign in 2007, he became known by the citizens of Kansas City by his nickname, \"The Funk\". Funkhouser's wife, Gloria Squitiro, ran his campaign. Funkhouser wore an orange tie in reference to the Ukrainian Orange Revolution and as a symbol of his desire for change. From his campaign website: \"I've chosen orange as my official campaign color because it is fast becoming a symbol for change in politics – a shift away from back-room deal making and toward an open style of governance that respects and listens to citizens.\" Funkhouser was also critical of project spending during the Kay Barnes administration. In a KCTV interview he said, \"We've been buying stuff,\" he said. \"What we don't know is whether what we bought is what is worth what we paid for it.\" Controversies Free automobile Implementation of Funkhouser's campaign pledges of fiscal conservatism while cleaning up local government received national headlines early in his administration when Funkhouser announced his intention to accept a new leased Honda Civic Hybrid from a Northland auto dealer. The city's law department approved the offer, which would have been reported to the Missouri Ethics Commission. Funkhouser believed that", "title": "Mark Funkhouser" }, { "docid": "54452493", "text": "The Code of Support Foundation (COSF) is a U.S. nonprofit organization that provides assistance to military service members, veterans and their families, many of whom face multiple and complex challenges. Based in Alexandria, Virginia, the group offers three types of programs: casework, online networking among other military service organizations, and outreach efforts. Background COSF was founded in 2011 by Alan Salisbury, a retired Army major general, with the goal of bridging a gap of understanding and engagement between military and civilian communities. Working with retired military and civilian leaders, Salisbury developed the group's “Code of Support,” a set of six commitments all Americans can make to give meaning to the words, “support our troops.” The group works closely with other military service organizations to coordinate complementary support efforts. Services Issues such as suicide prevention and mental health are particularly important to COSF. The group encourages raising awareness among local communities, including schools, to ensure better support for military families. To address these and other challenges, the foundation offers three primary services designed to meet its vision of bridging the gap between military and civilian communities. Case Coordination Program: COSF caseworkers provide comprehensive and long-term assistance to struggling service members, veterans and their families as they transition into civilian life. The foundation's caseworkers are trained to help address particularly complex problem sets facing families. PATRIOTlink: Designed to expedite, customize and streamline how other military service organizations provide support and services to their members, PATRIOTlink is a cloud-based management tool which empowers veterans and their families, and other non-profits, with the ability to leverage local and national resources to ensure coordination and efficiency. Education and Engagement Program: COSF works to increase public awareness and appreciation of the sacrifices and challenges facing military families. The foundation encourages the general public to join in providing support, offering a list of “99 Ways to Get Involved.” Oversight and awards The foundation is governed by a fiduciary board of trustees. Additionally, the group relies on a board of advisors who, along with trustees, support the foundation's goals and objectives. The COSF has been recognized by the Department of Veterans Affairs for its suicide prevention work, selecting COSF as one of its 30 finalists for the VA's Mission Daybreak program. In addition, several businesses and the news media have noted the group for its innovative programs. In May 2016, the group's leaders were selected by EY as mid-Atlantic finalists for the EY Entrepreneur Of The Year Award. Financial matters The Code of Support Foundation states that it is committed to financial transparency, and requires its partner organizations to follow the same policy. COSF has a Gold Level status with GuideStar, and is designated by the IRS as an approved 501(c)(3) tax-exempt organization. References External links Facebook Code of Support Foundation Organizations established in 2011 Non-profit organizations based in Alexandria, Virginia United States military support organizations", "title": "Code of Support Foundation" }, { "docid": "137738", "text": "The town of Washington, Virginia, is a historic village located in the eastern foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains near Shenandoah National Park. The entire town is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a historic district, Washington Historic District. It is the county seat of Rappahannock County, Virginia. The town was established by an act of the Virginia General Assembly in 1796 and as the county seat of Rappahannock County, Virginia, in 1833. The town was incorporated in 1894 and was rechartered by the Virginia General Assembly in 1985. A large portion of the town was designated as the Washington Historic District on the Virginia Landmarks Register and the National Register of Historic Places in 1975 and is considered to be the best preserved of county-seat communities in the Piedmont. The town is led by a 7-member elected Town Council composed of a mayor, a treasurer, and five other members, all of whom serve 4-year terms. The internationally recognized Inn at Little Washington is located in the town. The town combines a mixture of open spaces, residences, village commerce, tourism facilities, historic buildings, cultural offerings, and local government activities. Its population was 135 people in the 2010 census and was estimated to be 127 people in 2019. The area of the town is . History The first recorded official document relating to the land that became the town of Washington was a land grant in the year 1735 from King George II of Great Britain to Thomas, James, and Elizabeth Kennerly. The three siblings received 1,750 acres of land located \"between the mountains and the fork of the Rushy River,\" in what was then Orange County, for importing six people into the colony of Virginia, payment of seven pounds five shillings of \"good and lawful money,\" and an annual fee of one shilling for every fifty acres of land. At this time there were virtually no Native Americans in the area and the way was open to English settlement of the Piedmont region of Virginia. In 1745, the Kennerlys divided their land into three parts. Thomas received the central part, adjacent to and south of the Rush River and containing the land that would become the town of Washington. Thomas sold his land to Henry Gambill in 1753 and moved to South Carolina. Gambill divided the land: in 1754 he sold the western part, which contained what became the western portion of the town of Washington, to John Minor; in 1761 he gave the eastern part, which contained what became the northeastern portion of the town, to his son William Gambill. The border between these two parts would become part of the original road to Chester Gap and, later, Gay Street when the town of Washington was established. These two parts were bought and sold multiple times during the next 30 years. However, four important individuals acquired the land in the 1790s. In 1791 William Porter was given 247 acres of the western land, and in 1795", "title": "Washington, Virginia" } ]	[ "incorporated towns", "cities", "counties" ]
train_31309	who created the show the big bang theory	[ { "docid": "45604367", "text": "The Big Bang Theory is an American television sitcom created by Chuck Lorre and Bill Prady. Its main cast originally included Johnny Galecki, Jim Parsons, Kaley Cuoco, Simon Helberg, and Kunal Nayyar, with later additions including Sara Gilbert, Mayim Bialik, Melissa Rauch, Kevin Sussman, and Laura Spencer. The show premiered on CBS on September 24, 2007, and ran for twelve seasons before concluding on May 16, 2019. The Big Bang Theory struggled to receive significant recognition from critics during its run, but it developed a strong fanbase and earned high viewership, especially after the first few seasons. It received various recognitions, including four consecutive nominations for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series from 2011 to 2014 and a total of ten Emmy wins. From audiences, it won fourteen People's Choice Awards and five Teen Choice Awards. Parsons won four Emmys for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series, as well as two Critics' Choice Television Awards, a Golden Globe Award, and three People's Choice Awards, among others. Awards and nominations Notes Nominees for awards Other References External links Awards Big Bang Theory", "title": "List of awards and nominations received by The Big Bang Theory" }, { "docid": "36107995", "text": "Steven Molaro (born February 16, 1972) is an American television producer and writer. He has worked on such productions as Freddie, The Class, Complete Savages, Nickelodeon's All That, The Amanda Show, Drake & Josh, Zoey 101 and iCarly and The WB's What I Like About You. From 2007 to 2019, he was a producer/writer on the sitcom The Big Bang Theory. Molaro also co-created its prequel spinoff, Young Sheldon, with Chuck Lorre. In 2007, he created a troll pizza delivery order, the \"None Pizza with Left Beef\". He is a native of Queens, New York. Molaro has been nominated for Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series two times along with fellow writers Chuck Lorre and Bill Prady, in 2011 and 2012. He also shared the Danny Thomas Award for Outstanding Producer of Episodic Television, Comedy, with Lorre, Prady and The Big Bang Theory editor Faye Oshima Belyeu, in 2012 and 2013. Until April 2011, Molaro authored the blog The Sneeze. Television credits References External links American television writers American male television writers Living people Mass media people from Queens, New York Nickelodeon people Showrunners Screenwriters from New York (state) 1972 births Television show creators", "title": "Steven Molaro" } ]	[ { "docid": "16736534", "text": "Big Bang Mini is a Nintendo DS game that was released on January 21, 2009, in North America and March 6, 2009, in Europe. It was developed by Arkedo Studio, known for their previous DS game Nervous Brickdown, and published by SouthPeak Games. Gameplay The primary gameplay mechanic of Big Bang Mini involves the player using the stylus to shoot fireworks from the bottom screen to enemies in the top screen. While you are shooting fireworks, debris and sparks rain down from the top screen onto your character on the bottom screen, and you must again use the stylus to dodge the falling hazards. Big Bang Mini has four gameplay modes, multiplayer functionality, and over 100 levels of gameplay. Upon completing a level you will be rewarded by designing a Final Bouquet. Development The game's soundtrack is all original music. The settings range from a pixelated landscape of pyramids and trees and a few different types of city settings. Enemies include superheroes, clowns, pixelated birds, Chinese dragons, and sharks that shoot lasers. Reception Big Bang Mini received \"generally favorable reviews\" according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. GameSpot writer Chris Watters gave high praise to the addictive gameplay design and \"innovative control scheme\", along with \"wonderfully vibrant visuals and an infectious soundtrack\" to raise the replay value for \"newcomers and veterans alike\", calling it \"an evolutionary step forward for the genre.\" Daemon Hatfield of IGN praised Arkedo Studios for creating a \"psychedelic shooter with fantastic visuals and simple, solid gameplay\", concluding that \"If you're a fan of hyper shooters like Space Invaders Extreme, you'll definitely want to consider the Big Bang theory. It's got personality and style to spare.\" Matt Helgeson from Game Informer said, \"While it works great for the most part, the more elaborate levels begin to overwhelm the imprecise mechanics, causing confusion and frustration. Still, it's damn fun.\" References External links Big Bang Mini at VicioJuegos.com SouthPeak Games Arkedo Games 2009 video games Arkedo Studio games Multiplayer and single-player video games Nintendo DS games Nintendo DS-only games Shoot 'em ups SouthPeak Games Video games developed in France", "title": "Big Bang Mini" }, { "docid": "41363302", "text": "Denis Kolesnikov (rus. Денис Колесников) - a professional radio host, DJ, translator, voice and founder of \"Kuraj-Bombey”. Man, who dubbed in Russian many award ceremonies and fashion shows. Biography Denis Kolesnikov was born in June 1982 in the far northern town Tynda, later his family moved to Tolyatti. After high school, he worked in the design industry. Since 2000, he worked under the name Mr. Dee. In 2002, Kolesnikov won the \"Show of real Eminems\" on MTV in Russia and gets an opportunity to go to San Francisco and to hear a live show of Eminem. In 2005, as a head of band \"Division Productions\", he published an urban music album. From 2006–2009, he worked as a DJ on the radio Next! (Moscow) and August (Togliatti). In 2008, he dubbed How I Met Your Mother and has a number of translations and editions of books in this series; specifically he translated fully part of the series \"Bro Code\" and The Playbook. He worked on the short film by Robert Rodriguez, called \"Black Mamba\", which was published in Russian voiced by «Kuraj-Bombey». In 2008, Dennis began working on comedy series \"Everybody Hates Chris\", which ended only after 2 years. There were other translations, such as the comedy series \"The Big Bang Theory\" in 2007 and a lot of work in the comedy \"Mike & Molly\" in 2010. In 2011, Denis Kolesnikov worked with the studio \"Pythagoras\" on translation and dubbing movies \"Bad Teacher\", \"Your Highness\", etc. Now In real time Denis Kolesnikov has many things to do: he is a professional radio host, leading many stage shows and works on translation and voicing feature films. Denis sometimes has to use stealth and \"diplomacy\" in the translation of texts comedies. As the author admits, to translate literally – is to run into a qualification from critics, that’s why you have to \"soften\" a literal translation. How it all began \"Mom asked Dennis for something funny and interesting to watch. He offered first series of \"The Big Bang Theory\". Mom liked the show, but the continuation of it was only in English. Since his mother did not know the language, she constantly fiddled Dennis: \"What 's next?\", so he had to translate and voice it for her and for another neighbor - grannie Zinaida. Somehow the translations got into the internet. Denis suspects Zinaida\". Links http://kuraj-bambey.ru/about - studio Kuraj-Bambey http://www.ht.ua/pub/138918.html - Denis Kolesnikov https://web.archive.org/web/20131214122242/http://imhonet.ru/person/320563/ - Denis Kolesnikov http://www.kinopoisk.ru/name/2415746/ - Denis Kolesnikov on KinoPoisk 1982 births Living people People from Tynda Russian radio personalities", "title": "Denis Kolesnikov" }, { "docid": "728892", "text": "Alexander Alexandrovich Friedmann (also spelled Friedman or Fridman ; ) (June 16 [O.S. 4], 1888 – September 16, 1925) was a Russian and Soviet physicist and mathematician. He originated the pioneering theory that the universe is expanding, governed by a set of equations he developed known as the Friedmann equations. Early life Alexander Friedmann was born to the composer and ballet dancer Alexander Friedmann (who was a son of a baptized Jewish cantonist) and the pianist Ludmila Ignatievna Voyachek (who was a daughter of the Czech composer Hynek Vojáček). Friedmann was baptized into the Russian Orthodox Church as an infant, and lived much of his life in Saint Petersburg. Friedmann obtained his degree from St. Petersburg State University in 1910, and became a lecturer at Saint Petersburg Mining Institute. From his school days, Friedmann found a lifelong companion in Jacob Tamarkin, who was also a distinguished mathematician. World War I Friedmann fought in World War I on behalf of Imperial Russia, as an army aviator, an instructor, and eventually, under the revolutionary regime, as the head of an airplane factory. Professorship Friedmann in 1922 introduced the idea of an expanding universe that contained moving matter. Correspondence with Einstein suggests that Einstein was unwilling to accept the idea of an evolving Universe and worked instead to revise his equations to support the static, eternal Universe of Newton's time. In 1929 Hubble published the redshift vs distance relationship showing that all the galaxies in the neighborhood recede at a rate proportional to their distance, formalizing an observation made earlier by Carl Wilhelm Wirtz. Unaware of Friedmann's work, in 1927 Belgian astronomer Georges Lemaître independently formulated an evolving Universe. In June 1925 Friedmann was given the job of the director of the Main Geophysical Observatory in Leningrad. In July 1925 he participated in a record-setting balloon flight, reaching the elevation of . Work Friedmann's 1924 papers, including \"\" (\"On the possibility of a world with constant negative curvature of space\") published by the German physics journal Zeitschrift für Physik (Vol. 21, pp. 326–332), demonstrated that he had command of all three Friedmann models describing positive, zero and negative curvature respectively, a decade before Robertson and Walker published their analysis. This dynamic cosmological model of general relativity would come to form the standard for both the Big Bang and Steady State theories. Friedmann's work supported both theories equally, so it was not until the detection of the cosmic microwave background radiation that the Steady State theory was abandoned in favor of the current favorite Big Bang paradigm. The classic solution of the Einstein field equations that describes a homogeneous and isotropic universe was called the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric, or FLRW, after Friedmann, Georges Lemaître, Howard P. Robertson and Arthur Geoffrey Walker, who worked on the problem in the 1920s and 30s independently of Friedmann. In addition to general relativity, Friedmann's interests included hydrodynamics and meteorology. Physicists George Gamow, Vladimir Fock, and Lev Vasilievich Keller were among his students. Personal life and death In 1911, he", "title": "Alexander Friedmann" }, { "docid": "1936905", "text": "Big Bang Theory is the fifteenth studio album and the first covers album by the band Styx, released in 2005. It consists of cover versions of classic rock songs. Origin In 2004, Styx performed a cover of the Beatles song \"I Am the Walrus\" at Eric Clapton's Crossroads Festival, where the song was received so well that it was released as a single. The video featured original bassist Chuck Panozzo as the \"eggman\". The single's success resulted in the band recording this album of cover songs. As a result of an appearance on the Today Show the week of the album's launch, the album reached No. 46 on the Billboard Top 200 Albums chart, Styx's first time in the top 50 since 1983's Kilroy Was Here. However, the album only charted for one week. The single \"I Am the Walrus\" reached a high of number 27 on the Billboard Heritage Rock Chart, but failed to chart on any other rock or pop chart. Track listing \"I Am the Walrus\" (the Beatles cover) Lead vocals: Gowan \"I Can See for Miles\" (the Who cover) Lead vocals: Shaw \"Can't Find My Way Home\" (Blind Faith cover) Lead vocals: Shaw \"It Don't Make Sense (You Can't Make Peace)\" (Willie Dixon cover) Lead vocals: J. Young \"I Don't Need No Doctor\" (Ray Charles cover, a la Humble Pie) Lead vocals: Gowan \"One Way Out\" (the Allman Brothers Band cover) Lead vocals: Shaw \"A Salty Dog\" (Procol Harum cover) Lead vocals: Gowan \"Summer in the City\" (the Lovin' Spoonful cover) Lead vocals: Shaw \"Manic Depression\" (the Jimi Hendrix Experience cover) Lead vocals: J. Young \"Talkin' About the Good Times\" (the Pretty Things cover) Lead vocals: Gowan \"Locomotive Breath\" (Jethro Tull cover) Lead vocals: J. Young \"Find the Cost of Freedom\" (Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young cover) Lead vocals: Styx \"Wishing Well\" (Free cover) Lead vocals: Shaw \"Blue Collar Man @ 2120\" (rerecording of a Styx song) Lead vocals: Shaw Personnel Styx Tommy Shawvocals, guitars James \"JY\" Youngvocals, guitars Lawrence Gowanvocals, keyboards Ricky Phillipsbass Chuck Panozzobass on \"Locomotive Breath\" Todd Suchermandrums Additional musicians The Oracle Divaguest vocals on \"It Don't Make Sense (You Can't Make Peace)\" and \"Wishing Well\" Johnnie Johnsonpiano on \"Blue Collar Man @ 2120\" Koko Taylorguest vocals on \"Blue Collar Man @ 2120\" Production Gary Loizzoproducer, engineer, remixing Derek Downing, John Maschoff, Mike Pierceassistant engineers Dan Stoutmastering at Colossal Mastering, Chicago Charts References External links \"I am the Walrus\" video by Styx at YouTube Styx - Big Bang Theory (2005) album review by Rob Theakston, credits & releases at AllMusic.com Styx - Big Bang Theory (2005) album releases & credits at Discogs.com Styx - Big Bang Theory (2005) album to be listened as stream at Spotify.com 2005 albums Covers albums Styx (band) albums Frontiers Records albums", "title": "Big Bang Theory (Styx album)" }, { "docid": "152664", "text": "Loop quantum gravity (LQG) is a theory of quantum gravity that incorporates matter of the Standard Model into the framework established for the intrinsic quantum gravity case. It is an attempt to develop a quantum theory of gravity based directly on Albert Einstein's geometric formulation rather than the treatment of gravity as a mysterious mechanism (force). As a theory, LQG postulates that the structure of space and time is composed of finite loops woven into an extremely fine fabric or network. These networks of loops are called spin networks. The evolution of a spin network, or spin foam, has a scale on the order of a Planck length, approximately 10−35 meters, and smaller scales are meaningless. Consequently, not just matter, but space itself, prefers an atomic structure. The areas of research, which involve about 30 research groups worldwide, share the basic physical assumptions and the mathematical description of quantum space. Research has evolved in two directions: the more traditional canonical loop quantum gravity, and the newer covariant loop quantum gravity, called spin foam theory. The most well-developed theory that has been advanced as a direct result of loop quantum gravity is called loop quantum cosmology (LQC). LQC advances the study of the early universe, incorporating the concept of the Big Bang into the broader theory of the Big Bounce, which envisions the Big Bang as the beginning of a period of expansion that follows a period of contraction, which has been described as the Big Crunch. History In 1986, Abhay Ashtekar reformulated Einstein's general relativity in a language closer to that of the rest of fundamental physics, specifically Yang–Mills theory. Shortly after, Ted Jacobson and Lee Smolin realized that the formal equation of quantum gravity, called the Wheeler–DeWitt equation, admitted solutions labelled by loops when rewritten in the new Ashtekar variables. Carlo Rovelli and Smolin defined a nonperturbative and background-independent quantum theory of gravity in terms of these loop solutions. Jorge Pullin and Jerzy Lewandowski understood that the intersections of the loops are essential for the consistency of the theory, and the theory should be formulated in terms of intersecting loops, or graphs. In 1994, Rovelli and Smolin showed that the quantum operators of the theory associated to area and volume have a discrete spectrum. That is, geometry is quantized. This result defines an explicit basis of states of quantum geometry, which turned out to be labelled by Roger Penrose's spin networks, which are graphs labelled by spins. The canonical version of the dynamics was established by Thomas Thiemann, who defined an anomaly-free Hamiltonian operator and showed the existence of a mathematically consistent background-independent theory. The covariant, or \"spin foam\", version of the dynamics was developed jointly over several decades by research groups in France, Canada, UK, Poland, and Germany. It was completed in 2008, leading to the definition of a family of transition amplitudes, which in the classical limit can be shown to be related to a family of truncations of general relativity. The finiteness of these amplitudes was", "title": "Loop quantum gravity" }, { "docid": "76197486", "text": "Shockwave cosmology is a non-standard cosmology proposed by Joel Smoller and Blake Temple in 2003. In this model, the “big bang” is an explosion inside a black hole, producing the expanding volume of space and matter that includes the observable universe. Integration with general relativity Smoller and Temple integrate shock waves into Einstein's general relativity. This produces a universe that \"looks essentially identical to the aftermath of the big bang\" according to cosmologists Barnes and Lewis. They explain that Smoller and Temple's version is distinguished from the big bang only by there being a shockwave at the leading edge of an explosion - one that, for Smoller and Temple's model, must be beyond the observable universe. However, Barnes and Lewis do not support shockwave cosmology because they see it as not testable; they point out that there is no explosion in the standard theory of the Big Bang. Current and future state of the universe From Smoller and Temple's calculations, we are still inside an expanding black hole. The configuration of 'flat' spacetime (see Minkowski space) inside a black hole, also occurs during the moments of the formation of a black hole from a collapsing star. Eventually, according to shockwave cosmology, the mass of our expanding volume of space and matter will fall in density as it expands. At some point, the event horizon of the black hole will cease to be. An outside observer will then see it appear as a white hole. The matter would then continue to expand. Alternative to dark energy In related work, Smoller, Temple, and Vogler propose that this shockwave may have resulted in our part of the universe having a lower density than that surrounding it, causing the accelerated expansion normally attributed to dark energy. They also propose that this related theory could be tested: a universe with dark energy should give a figure for the cubic correction to redshift versus luminosity C = −0.180 at a = a whereas for Smoller, Temple, and Vogler's alternative C should be positive rather than negative. They give a more precise calculation for their wave model alternative as: the cubic correction to redshift versus luminosity at a = a is C = 0.359. Comparison with standard cosmology Although shockwave cosmology produces a universe that \"looks essentially identical to the aftermath of the big bang\", cosmologists consider that it needs further development before it could be considered as a more advantageous model than the big bang theory (or standard model) in explaining the universe. In particular it would need to explain big bang nucleosynthesis, the quantitative details of the microwave background anisotropies, the Lyman-alpha forest, and galaxy surveys. References Physics Astronomy", "title": "Shockwave cosmology" }, { "docid": "48903", "text": "Nucleosynthesis is the process that creates new atomic nuclei from pre-existing nucleons (protons and neutrons) and nuclei. According to current theories, the first nuclei were formed a few minutes after the Big Bang, through nuclear reactions in a process called Big Bang nucleosynthesis. After about 20 minutes, the universe had expanded and cooled to a point at which these high-energy collisions among nucleons ended, so only the fastest and simplest reactions occurred, leaving our universe containing hydrogen and helium. The rest is traces of other elements such as lithium and the hydrogen isotope deuterium. Nucleosynthesis in stars and their explosions later produced the variety of elements and isotopes that we have today, in a process called cosmic chemical evolution. The amounts of total mass in elements heavier than hydrogen and helium (called 'metals' by astrophysicists) remains small (few percent), so that the universe still has approximately the same composition. Stars fuse light elements to heavier ones in their cores, giving off energy in the process known as stellar nucleosynthesis. Nuclear fusion reactions create many of the lighter elements, up to and including iron and nickel in the most massive stars. Products of stellar nucleosynthesis remain trapped in stellar cores and remnants except if ejected through stellar winds and explosions. The neutron capture reactions of the r-process and s-process create heavier elements, from iron upwards. Supernova nucleosynthesis within exploding stars is largely responsible for the elements between oxygen and rubidium: from the ejection of elements produced during stellar nucleosynthesis; through explosive nucleosynthesis during the supernova explosion; and from the r-process (absorption of multiple neutrons) during the explosion. Neutron star mergers are a recently discovered major source of elements produced in the r-process. When two neutron stars collide, a significant amount of neutron-rich matter may be ejected which then quickly forms heavy elements. Cosmic ray spallation is a process wherein cosmic rays impact nuclei and fragment them. It is a significant source of the lighter nuclei, particularly 3He, 9Be and 10,11B, that are not created by stellar nucleosynthesis. Cosmic ray spallation can occur in the interstellar medium, on asteroids and meteoroids, or on Earth in the atmosphere or in the ground. This contributes to the presence on Earth of cosmogenic nuclides. On Earth new nuclei are also produced by radiogenesis, the decay of long-lived, primordial radionuclides such as uranium, thorium, and potassium-40. History Timeline It is thought that the primordial nucleons themselves were formed from the quark–gluon plasma around 13.8 billion years ago during the Big Bang as it cooled below two trillion degrees. A few minutes afterwards, starting with only protons and neutrons, nuclei up to lithium and beryllium (both with mass number 7) were formed, but hardly any other elements. Some boron may have been formed at this time, but the process stopped before significant carbon could be formed, as this element requires a far higher product of helium density and time than were present in the short nucleosynthesis period of the Big Bang. That fusion process essentially shut down", "title": "Nucleosynthesis" }, { "docid": "35523998", "text": "The initial singularity is a singularity predicted by some models of the Big Bang theory to have existed before the Big Bang. The instant immediately following the initial singularity is part of the Planck epoch, the earliest period of time in the history of our universe. Traditional models of our universe The use of only general relativity to predict what happened in the beginnings of the universe has been heavily criticized, as quantum mechanics becomes a significant factor in the high-energy environment of the earliest stage of the universe, and general relativity on its own fails to make accurate predictions. In response to the inaccuracy of considering only general relativity, as in the traditional model of the Big Bang, alternative theoretical formulations for the beginning of the universe have been proposed, including a string theory-based model in which two branes, enormous membranes much larger than the universe, collided, creating mass and energy. Although there is no direct evidence for a singularity of infinite density, the cosmic microwave background is evidence that the universe expanded from a very hot, dense state. Alternatives to the singularity Various new models of what preceded and caused the Big Bang have been proposed as a result of the problems created by quantum mechanics. One model, using loop quantum gravity, aims to explain the beginnings of the universe through a series of Big Bounces, in which quantum fluctuations cause the universe to expand. This use of loop quantum gravity also predicts a cyclic model of universes, with a new universe being created after an old one is destroyed, each with different physical constants. These proposals have been criticized as inconsistent with the Borde-Guth-Vilenkin theorem, however their modifications with only one bounce (as opposed to cyclic series of bounces) circumvent this problem (particularly if the contracting phase is empty, i.e. compactified Milne, and (2+1)-dimensional, due to the inherent stabilizing rigidity of vacuum in this case). Another possibility based on M-theory and observations of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) states that the universe is but one of many in a multiverse, and has budded off from another universe (e.g., one that macroscopically looks like static empty space) as a result of quantum fluctuations such as quantum foam, as opposed to our universe being all that exists. References Big Bang Physical cosmology", "title": "Initial singularity" }, { "docid": "10030613", "text": "Melissa Ivy Rauch (born June 23, 1980) is an American actress. She is known for playing Bernadette Rostenkowski-Wolowitz on the CBS sitcom The Big Bang Theory, for which she was nominated for the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series in 2013. From 2004 to 2008, Rauch worked as a regular contributor on the VH1 series Best Week Ever. Rauch's other acting credits include playing Tina on the American remake of Kath & Kim, Summer on the HBO fantasy horror drama True Blood, and currently plays the lead role on NBC's revival of Night Court. Rauch also starred in, co-wrote, and co-produced the 2015 sports comedy-drama film The Bronze and provided the voice of DC character Harley Quinn in the 2017 animated film Batman and Harley Quinn. Rauch also had supporting roles in I Love You, Man (2009), Ice Age: Collision Course and Flock of Dudes (both 2016), and Ode to Joy and The Laundromat (both 2019). Early life Rauch was born to Susan and David Rauch, a Jewish family living in Marlboro Township, New Jersey. She has a younger brother, Ben. She developed an interest in acting while attending Marlboro High School. Her Bat Mitzvah had a \"Melissa’s Comedy Club\" theme. Rauch graduated from Marymount Manhattan College in New York City in 2002. Career Some of Rauch's early work was as a regular contributor to VH1's Best Week Ever television show. In 2009, Rauch began playing the recurring role of Bernadette Rostenkowski-Wolowitz, a co-worker of Penny's at The Cheesecake Factory who began to date Howard Wolowitz, in the third season of TV's The Big Bang Theory. The following season, her character became Howard's fiancée, and Rauch was promoted to a series regular. The characters married in the season five finale. In December 2011, Rauch and fellow cast members of The Big Bang Theory received the first of four nominations for the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series. Other acting credits include True Blood (in which she had a recurring role in 2010 as Summer, a girl who likes Hoyt), The Office, the American remake of the Australian TV series Kath & Kim, Wright v Wrong, and the film I Love You, Man. Rauch is also part of the comedic stage show The Realest Real Housewives cast with Casey Wilson, June Diane Raphael, Jessica St. Clair and Danielle Schneider. The show began running at the Upright Citizens Brigade Theatre in 2011. Rauch co-wrote and co-produced the film The Bronze, in which she starred as Hope Ann Greggory, a bronze medal-winning gymnast clinging to her glory days of 12 years earlier. It opened the 2015 Sundance Film Festival. Variety said, \"Rauch, who co-wrote the screenplay with her husband Winston, has never carried a film before. But she delivers the best breakthrough comedic performance by an actress since Melissa McCarthy in Bridesmaids.\" Sony Pictures Classics acquired the film in September 2015. In 2017, Rauch voiced Harley Quinn in the", "title": "Melissa Rauch" }, { "docid": "2796220", "text": "The Big Bang was, according to the prevailing cosmological theory of the universe's early development, the event that led to the formation of the universe. Big Bang may also refer to: Science Big Bang nucleosynthesis, the production of certain hydrogen isotopes early in the universe's existence Cold Big Bang, an alternative theory in which the start of the universe is at absolute zero Arts, entertainment, and media Films Big Bang (film), a 2007 Korean film by Jeong-woo Park The Big Bang (1987 film), also referred to as Le Big-Bang, an X-rated animated science fiction fantasy film, directed by Picha The Big Bang (1989 film), a documentary by James Toback The Big Bang (2011 film), a thriller starring Sienna Guillory and Antonio Banderas The Big Bang (2019 film), a Malayalam-language short film Music Groups Big Bang (British band), a British electronic synthpop duo formed in 1988 Bigbang (Norwegian band), a Norwegian rock trio formed in 1992 BigBang (South Korean band), a South Korean boy band formed in 2006 Albums Big Bang (single album), eponymous single album by the South Korean boy band Big Bang (BigBang album), eponymous Japanese-language studio album by the South Korean boy band Big Bang (Los Enanitos Verdes album), 1994 Big Bang (Magdallan album), 1992 Big Bang (Os Paralamas do Sucesso album), 1989 Big Bang (Waltari album), 1995 Big Bang!, a 1989 album by Fuzzbox Big Bang!!!, an album by Shoko Nakagawa The Big Bang (Busta Rhymes album), 2006 The Big Bang (Dom & Roland album), 2011 The Big Bang!: Best of the MC5, a 2000 album by MC5 The Big Bang – The Essential Collection, an album by TNT Songs \"Big Bang\", a song by Bad Religion from No Control \"Big Bang\", a song by Cursive from Happy Hollow \"Big Bang\", a 2007 song by Les Horribles Cernettes \"The Big Bang\" (song), a 2010 song by Rock Mafia \"The Big Bang\", a song by Godley & Creme from Goodbye Blue Sky \"The Big Bang\", a song by Johnny Mandel from soundtrack for Caddyshack Television The Big Bang (TV series), a children's TV science programme shown on ITV from 1996 to 2004 \"The Big Bang\" (Atlanta), 2016 \"The Big Bang\" (Charlie Jade), 2005 \"The Big Bang\" (Doctor Who), 2010 Other uses in arts, entertainment, and media Big Bang (Singh book), a 2004 book by Simon Singh about the cosmological model Big Bang (novel), a 2019 novel by David Bowman Big Bang, a game mode in the puzzle video game Puyo Puyo Tetris Big Bang Comics, Gary Carlson and Chris Ecker's retro-style comic book Hublot Big Bang, a wristwatch Big-Bang Cannon, a toy The Big Bang, an event in Fortnite: Battle Royale Events Big Bang (comics), a Milestone Comics event Big Bang (financial markets), the deregulation of financial markets in the United Kingdom in 1986 The Big Bang Fair, or The Big Bang UK Young Scientists and Engineers Fair, a celebration of science, technology, engineering and maths for young people Operation Big Bang, \"British Bang\" or \"Big Bang\"; one", "title": "Big Bang (disambiguation)" }, { "docid": "208656", "text": "A non-standard cosmology is any physical cosmological model of the universe that was, or still is, proposed as an alternative to the then-current standard model of cosmology. The term non-standard is applied to any theory that does not conform to the scientific consensus. Because the term depends on the prevailing consensus, the meaning of the term changes over time. For example, hot dark matter would not have been considered non-standard in 1990, but would have been in 2010. Conversely, a non-zero cosmological constant resulting in an accelerating universe would have been considered non-standard in 1990, but is part of the standard cosmology in 2010. Several major cosmological disputes have occurred throughout the history of cosmology. One of the earliest was the Copernican Revolution, which established the heliocentric model of the Solar System. More recent was the Great Debate of 1920, in the aftermath of which the Milky Way's status as but one of the Universe's many galaxies was established. From the 1940s to the 1960s, the astrophysical community was equally divided between supporters of the Big Bang theory and supporters of a rival steady state universe; this is currently decided in favour of the Big Bang theory by advances in observational cosmology in the late 1960s. Nevertheless, there remained vocal detractors of the Big Bang theory including Fred Hoyle, Jayant Narlikar, Halton Arp, and Hannes Alfvén, whose cosmologies were relegated to the fringes of astronomical research. The few Big Bang opponents still active today often ignore well-established evidence from newer research, and as a consequence, today non-standard cosmologies that reject the Big Bang entirely are rarely published in peer-reviewed science journals but appear online in marginal journals and private websites. The current standard model of cosmology is the Lambda-CDM model, wherein the Universe is governed by general relativity, began with a Big Bang and today is a nearly-flat universe that consists of approximately 5% baryons, 27% cold dark matter, and 68% dark energy. Lambda-CDM has been a successful model, but recent observational evidence seem to indicate significant tensions in Lambda-CDM, such as the Hubble tension, the KBC void, the dwarf galaxy problem, ultra-large structures, et cetera. Research on extensions or modifications to Lambda-CDM, as well as fundamentally different models, is ongoing. Topics investigated include quintessence, Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) and its relativistic generalization TeVeS, and warm dark matter. History Modern physical cosmology as it is currently studied first emerged as a scientific discipline in the period after the Shapley–Curtis debate and discoveries by Edwin Hubble of a cosmic distance ladder when astronomers and physicists had to come to terms with a universe that was of a much larger scale than the previously assumed galactic size. Theorists who successfully developed cosmologies applicable to the larger-scale universe are remembered today as the founders of modern cosmology. Among these scientists are Arthur Milne, Willem de Sitter, Alexander Friedman, Georges Lemaître, and Albert Einstein himself. After confirmation of the Hubble's law by observation, the two most popular cosmological theories became the Steady State theory", "title": "Non-standard cosmology" }, { "docid": "54244", "text": "A gravitational singularity, spacetime singularity or simply singularity is a condition in which gravity is predicted to be so intense that spacetime itself would break down catastrophically. As such, a singularity is by definition no longer part of the regular spacetime and cannot be determined by \"where\" or \"when\". Gravitational singularities exist at a junction between general relativity and quantum mechanics; therefore, the properties of the singularity cannot be described without an established theory of quantum gravity. Trying to find a complete and precise definition of singularities in the theory of general relativity, the current best theory of gravity, remains a difficult problem. A singularity in general relativity can be defined by the scalar invariant curvature becoming infinite or, better, by a geodesic being incomplete. Gravitational singularities are mainly considered in the context of general relativity, where density would become infinite at the center of a black hole without corrections from quantum mechanics, and within astrophysics and cosmology as the earliest state of the universe during the Big Bang. Physicists have not reached a consensus about what actually happens at the extreme densities predicted by singularities (including at the start of the Big Bang). General relativity predicts that any object collapsing beyond a certain point (for stars this is the Schwarzschild radius) would form a black hole, inside which a singularity (covered by an event horizon) would be formed. The Penrose–Hawking singularity theorems define a singularity to have geodesics that cannot be extended in a smooth manner. The termination of such a geodesic is considered to be the singularity. Modern theory asserts that the initial state of the universe, at the beginning of the Big Bang, was a singularity. In this case, the universe did not collapse into a black hole, because currently-known calculations and density limits for gravitational collapse are usually based upon objects of relatively constant size, such as stars, and do not necessarily apply in the same way to rapidly expanding space such as the Big Bang. Neither general relativity nor quantum mechanics can currently describe the earliest moments of the Big Bang, but in general, quantum mechanics does not permit particles to inhabit a space smaller than their wavelengths. Interpretation Many theories in physics have mathematical singularities of one kind or another. Equations for these physical theories predict that the ball of mass of some quantity becomes infinite or increases without limit. This is generally a sign for a missing piece in the theory, as in the ultraviolet catastrophe, re-normalization, and instability of a hydrogen atom predicted by the Larmor formula. In classical field theories, including special relativity but not general relativity, one can say that a solution has a singularity at a particular point in spacetime where certain physical properties become ill-defined, with spacetime serving as a background field to locate the singularity. A singularity in general relativity, on the other hand, is more complex because spacetime itself becomes ill-defined, and the singularity is no longer part of the regular spacetime manifold. In general relativity,", "title": "Gravitational singularity" }, { "docid": "19682818", "text": "Eddie Gorodetsky is a television writer and producer. His credits include Desert Bus, Two and a Half Men, Dharma & Greg, The Fresh Prince of Bel Air, The Big Bang Theory, Saturday Night Live, SCTV Network 90, and Late Night with David Letterman. He has been nominated for six Emmy Awards, winning one. He was working at WBCN in Boston when he was discovered by the producers of Second City Television. He has made Christmas compilations for over 20 years which he sends to friends and family which feature rare and obscure songs from a variety of genres. He released one commercially in the early 1990s: Christmas Party with Eddie G. He also produced Bob Dylan's weekly radio series, Theme Time Radio Hour, and appeared in Paul Provenza and Penn Jillette's documentary The Aristocrats. Gorodetsky's association with Dylan also led to Dylan making a rare television appearance on the 1999 episode of Dharma And Greg entitled \"Play Lady Play.\" In 2001 Gorodetsky appeared in a Kinka Usher-directed commercial for Dylan's album \"Love and Theft\" featuring Dylan playing poker with magician Ricky Jay. Gorodetsky co-created Mom, a TV series on CBS that premiered in 2013. Screenwriting Television SCTV Network (1982) Late Night with David Letterman (1984-1985) Saturday Night Live (1986-1987) ALF Tales (1988) Vinnie & Bobby (1992) Batman: The Animated Series (1992) The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air (1993-1995) Brotherly Love (1997) Dharma & Greg (1999-2002) According to Jim (2002) Two and a Half Men (2003-2013) The Big Bang Theory (2011) Mom (2013-2021) Bob Hearts Abishola (2019-present) Film Penn & Teller’s Cruel Tricks for Dear Friends (1987) Glass Onion: A Knives Out Mystery (2022) In Popular Culture Dave Thomas of SCTV based Ennio Gorodetsky, the bizarre host of a reality show called Revenge! on Gorodetsky. References External links American television producers American television writers American male television writers Living people American Jews Primetime Emmy Award winners Place of birth missing (living people) Year of birth missing (living people) Showrunners", "title": "Eddie Gorodetsky" }, { "docid": "2808556", "text": "In physical cosmology, the Alpher–Bethe–Gamow paper, or αβγ paper, was created by Ralph Alpher, then a physics PhD student, his advisor George Gamow, and Hans Bethe. The work, which would become the subject of Alpher's PhD dissertation, argued that the Big Bang would create hydrogen, helium and heavier elements in the correct proportions to explain their abundance in the early universe. While the original theory neglected a number of processes important to the formation of heavy elements, subsequent developments showed that Big Bang nucleosynthesis is consistent with the observed constraints on all primordial elements. Formally titled \"The Origin of Chemical Elements\", it was published in the April 1948 issue of Physical Review. Bethe's name Gamow humorously decided to add the name of his friend—the eminent physicist Hans Bethe—to this paper in order to create the whimsical author list of Alpher, Bethe, Gamow, a play on the Greek letters α, β, and γ (alpha, beta, gamma). Bethe () was listed in the article as \"H. Bethe, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York\". In his 1952 book The Creation of the Universe, Gamow explained Hans Bethe's association with the theory thus: After this, Bethe did work on Big Bang nucleosynthesis. Alpher, at the time only a graduate student, was generally dismayed by the inclusion of Bethe's name on this paper. He felt that the inclusion of another eminent physicist would overshadow his personal contribution to this work and prevent him from receiving proper recognition for such an important discovery. He expressed resentment over Gamow's whimsy as late as 1999. Main shortcoming of the theory The theory originally proposed that all atomic nuclei are produced by the successive capture of neutrons, one mass unit at a time. However, later study challenged the universality of the successive-capture theory. No element was found to have a stable isotope with an atomic mass of five or eight. Physicists soon noticed that these mass gaps would hinder the production of elements beyond helium. Just as it is impossible to climb a staircase one step at a time when one of the steps is missing, this discovery meant that the successive-capture theory could not account for higher elements. It was eventually recognized that most of the heavy elements observed in the present universe are the result of stellar nucleosynthesis in stars, a theory first suggested by Arthur Stanley Eddington, given credence by Hans Bethe, and quantitatively developed by Fred Hoyle and a number of other scientists. However, the Alpher–Bethe–Gamow theory does correctly explain the relative abundances of the isotopes of hydrogen and helium. Taken together, these account for more than 99% of the baryonic mass of the universe. Today, nucleosynthesis is widely considered to have taken place in two stages: formation of hydrogen and helium according to the Alpher–Bethe–Gamow theory, and stellar nucleosynthesis of higher elements according to Bethe and Hoyle's later theories. Notes References This paper is known by the initials of the authors' surnames, B2FH. As quoted in Quark Soup. External links Physics papers Physical cosmology Works", "title": "Alpher–Bethe–Gamow paper" }, { "docid": "364328", "text": "The Big Bounce hypothesis is a cosmological model for the origin of the known universe. It was originally suggested as a phase of the cyclic model or oscillatory universe interpretation of the Big Bang, where the first cosmological event was the result of the collapse of a previous universe. It receded from serious consideration in the early 1980s after inflation theory emerged as a solution to the horizon problem, which had arisen from advances in observations revealing the large-scale structure of the universe. Inflation was found to be inevitably eternal, creating an infinity of different universes with typically different properties, suggesting that the properties of the observable universe are a matter of chance. An alternative concept that included a Big Bounce was conceived as a predictive and falsifiable possible solution to the horizon problem. Investigation continued as of 2022. Expansion and contraction The concept of the Big Bounce envisions the Big Bang as the beginning of a period of expansion that followed a period of contraction. In this view, one could talk of a \"Big Crunch\" followed by a \"Big Bang\" or, more simply, a \"Big Bounce\". This concept suggests that we could exist at any point in an infinite sequence of universes, or conversely, the current universe could be the very first iteration. However, if the condition of the interval phase \"between bounces\"—considered the \"hypothesis of the primeval atom\"—is taken into full contingency, such enumeration may be meaningless because that condition could represent a singularity in time at each instance if such perpetual repeats (cycles) were absolute and undifferentiated. The main idea behind the quantum theory of a Big Bounce is that, as density approaches infinity, the behavior of quantum foam changes. All the so-called fundamental physical constants, including the speed of light in vacuum, need not remain constant during a Big Crunch, especially in the time interval smaller than that in which measurement may never be possible (one unit of Planck time, roughly 10−43 seconds) spanning or bracketing the point of inflection. History Big Bounce models were endorsed on largely aesthetic grounds by cosmologists including Willem de Sitter, Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker, George McVittie, and George Gamow (who stressed that \"from the physical point of view we must forget entirely about the precollapse period\"). By the early 1980s, the advancing precision and scope of observational cosmology had revealed that the large-scale structure of the universe is flat, homogeneous, and isotropic, a finding later accepted as the cosmological principle to apply at scales beyond roughly 300 million light-years. This led cosmologists to seek an explanation to the horizon problem, which questioned how distant regions of the universe could have identical properties without ever being in light-like communication. A solution was proposed to be a period of exponential expansion of space in the early universe, which formed the basis of what became known as inflation theory. Following the brief inflationary period, the universe continues to expand at a slower rate. Various formulations of inflation theory and their detailed implications became", "title": "Big Bounce" }, { "docid": "261407", "text": "Plasma cosmology is a non-standard cosmology whose central postulate is that the dynamics of ionized gases and plasmas play important, if not dominant, roles in the physics of the universe at interstellar and intergalactic scales. In contrast, the current observations and models of cosmologists and astrophysicists explain the formation, development, and evolution of large-scale structures as dominated by gravity (including its formulation in Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity). The original form of the theory, Alfvén–Klein cosmology, was developed by Hannes Alfvén and Oskar Klein in the 1960s and 1970s, and holds that matter and antimatter exist in equal quantities at very large scales, that the universe is eternal rather than bounded in time by the Big Bang, and that the expansion of the observable universe is caused by annihilation between matter and antimatter rather than a mechanism like cosmic inflation. Cosmologists and astrophysicists who have evaluated plasma cosmology reject it because it does not match the observations of astrophysical phenomena as well as the currently accepted Big Bang model. Very few papers supporting plasma cosmology have appeared in the literature since the mid-1990s. The term plasma universe is sometimes used as a synonym for plasma cosmology, as an alternative description of the plasma in the universe. Plasma cosmology is distinct from pseudoscientific ideas collectively called the Electric Universe, though proponents of each are known to be sympathetic to each other. These pseudoscientific ideas vary widely but generally claim that electric currents flow into stars and power them like light bulbs, contradicting well-established scientific theories and observations showing that stars are powered by nuclear fusion. Alfvén–Klein cosmology In the 1960s, the theory behind plasma cosmology was introduced by Alfvén, a plasma expert who won the 1970 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on magnetohydrodynamics. He proposed the use of plasma scaling to extrapolate the results of laboratory experiments and plasma physics observations and scale them over many orders of magnitude up to the largest observable objects in the universe (see box). In 1971, Oskar Klein, a Swedish theoretical physicist, extended the earlier proposals and developed the Alfvén–Klein model of the universe, or \"metagalaxy\", an earlier term used to refer to the empirically accessible part of the universe, rather than the entire universe including parts beyond our particle horizon. In this model, the universe is made up of equal amounts of matter and antimatter with the boundaries between the regions of matter and antimatter being delineated by cosmic electromagnetic fields formed by double layers, thin regions comprising two parallel layers with opposite electrical charge. Interaction between these boundary regions would generate radiation, and this would form the plasma. Alfvén introduced the term ambiplasma for a plasma made up of matter and antimatter and the double layers are thus formed of ambiplasma. According to Alfvén, such an ambiplasma would be relatively long-lived as the component particles and antiparticles would be too hot and too low-density to annihilate each other rapidly. The double layers will act to repel clouds of opposite type,", "title": "Plasma cosmology" }, { "docid": "30436", "text": "A theory of everything (TOE), final theory, ultimate theory, unified field theory or master theory is a hypothetical, singular, all-encompassing, coherent theoretical framework of physics that fully explains and links together all aspects of the universe. Finding a theory of everything is one of the major unsolved problems in physics. Over the past few centuries, two theoretical frameworks have been developed that, together, most closely resemble a theory of everything. These two theories upon which all modern physics rests are general relativity and quantum mechanics. General relativity is a theoretical framework that only focuses on gravity for understanding the universe in regions of both large scale and high mass: planets, stars, galaxies, clusters of galaxies, etc. On the other hand, quantum mechanics is a theoretical framework that only focuses on the three non-gravitational forces for understanding the universe in regions of both very small scale and low mass: subatomic particles, atoms, molecules, etc. Quantum mechanics successfully implemented the Standard Model that describes the three non-gravitational forces: strong nuclear, weak nuclear, and electromagnetic force – as well as all observed elementary particles. General relativity and quantum mechanics have been repeatedly validated in their separate fields of relevance. Since the usual domains of applicability of general relativity and quantum mechanics are so different, most situations require that only one of the two theories be used. The two theories are considered incompatible in regions of extremely small scale – the Planck scale – such as those that exist within a black hole or during the beginning stages of the universe (i.e., the moment immediately following the Big Bang). To resolve the incompatibility, a theoretical framework revealing a deeper underlying reality, unifying gravity with the other three interactions, must be discovered to harmoniously integrate the realms of general relativity and quantum mechanics into a seamless whole: a theory of everything may be defined as a comprehensive theory that, in principle, would be capable of describing all physical phenomena in this universe. In pursuit of this goal, quantum gravity has become one area of active research. One example is string theory, which evolved into a candidate for the theory of everything, but not without drawbacks (most notably, its apparent lack of currently testable predictions) and controversy. String theory posits that at the beginning of the universe (up to 10−43 seconds after the Big Bang), the four fundamental forces were once a single fundamental force. According to string theory, every particle in the universe, at its most ultramicroscopic level (Planck length), consists of varying combinations of vibrating strings (or strands) with preferred patterns of vibration. String theory further claims that it is through these specific oscillatory patterns of strings that a particle of unique mass and force charge is created (that is to say, the electron is a type of string that vibrates one way, while the up quark is a type of string vibrating another way, and so forth). String theory/M-theory proposes six or seven dimensions of spacetime in addition to the four common dimensions", "title": "Theory of everything" }, { "docid": "13079722", "text": "Since the emergence of the Big Bang theory as the dominant physical cosmological paradigm, there have been a variety of reactions by religious groups regarding its implications for religious cosmologies. Some accept the scientific evidence at face value, some seek to harmonize the Big Bang with their religious tenets, and some reject or ignore the evidence for the Big Bang theory. Background The Big Bang itself is a scientific theory, and as such, stands or falls by its agreement with observations. However, as a theory which addresses the nature of the universe since its earliest discernible existence, the Big Bang carries possible theological implications regarding the concept of creation out of nothing. Many atheist philosophers have argued against the idea of the Universe having a beginning – the universe might simply have existed for all eternity, but with the emerging evidence of the Big Bang theory, both theists and physicists have viewed it as capable of being explained by theism; a popular philosophical argument for the existence of God known as the Kalam cosmological argument rests in the concepts of the Big Bang. In the 1920s and 1930s, almost every major cosmologist preferred an eternal steady state universe, and several complained that the beginning of time implied by the Big Bang imported religious concepts into physics; this objection was later repeated by supporters of the steady-state theory, who rejected the implication that the universe had a beginning. Hinduism The view from the Hindu Puranas is that of an eternal universe cosmology in which time has no absolute beginning, but rather is infinite and cyclic, as opposed to a universe which originated from a Big Bang. However, the Encyclopædia of Hinduism, referencing Katha Upanishad 2:20, states that the Big Bang theory reminds humanity that everything came from the Brahman which is \"subtler than the atom, greater than the greatest.\" It consists of several \"Big Bangs\" and \"Big Crunches\" following each other in a cyclical manner. The Nasadiya Sukta, the Hymn of Creation in the Rigveda (10:129), mentions the world beginning from nothing through the power of heat. This can be seen as corresponding to the Big Bang theory. Several prominent modern scientists have remarked that Hinduism (and also Buddhism and Jainism by extension as all three faiths share most of these philosophies) is the only religion (or civilization) in all of recorded history, that has timescales and theories in astronomy (cosmology), that appear to correspond to those of modern scientific cosmology, e.g. Carl Sagan, Niels Bohr, Erwin Schrödinger, Werner Heisenberg, Robert Oppenheimer, George Sudarshan, Fritjof Capra etc. Sir Roger Penrose is among the present-day physicists that believe in a cyclical model for the Universe, wherein there are alternating cycles consisting of Big Bangs and Big Crunches, and he describes this model to be \"a bit more like Hindu philosophy\" as compared to the Abrahamic faiths. Christianity The Big Bang theory was partly developed by a Catholic priest, Georges Lemaître, who believed that there was neither a connection nor a conflict between", "title": "Religious interpretations of the Big Bang theory" }, { "docid": "4006167", "text": "Eternal inflation is a hypothetical inflationary universe model, which is itself an outgrowth or extension of the Big Bang theory. According to eternal inflation, the inflationary phase of the universe's expansion lasts forever throughout most of the universe. Because the regions expand exponentially rapidly, most of the volume of the universe at any given time is inflating. Eternal inflation, therefore, produces a hypothetically infinite multiverse, in which only an insignificant fractal volume ends inflation. Paul Steinhardt, one of the original researchers of the inflationary model, introduced the first example of eternal inflation in 1983, and Alexander Vilenkin showed that it is generic. Alan Guth's 2007 paper, \"Eternal inflation and its implications\", states that under reasonable assumptions \"Although inflation is generically eternal into the future, it is not eternal into the past.\" Guth detailed what was known about the subject at the time, and demonstrated that eternal inflation was still considered the likely outcome of inflation, more than 20 years after eternal inflation was first introduced by Steinhardt. Overview Development of the theory Inflation, or the inflationary universe theory, was originally developed as a way to overcome the few remaining problems with what was otherwise considered a successful theory of cosmology, the Big Bang model. In 1979, Alan Guth introduced the inflationary model of the universe to explain why the universe is flat and homogeneous (which refers to the smooth distribution of matter and radiation on a large scale). The basic idea was that the universe underwent a period of rapidly accelerating expansion a few instants after the Big Bang. He offered a mechanism for causing the inflation to begin: false vacuum energy. Guth coined the term \"inflation,\" and was the first to discuss the theory with other scientists worldwide. Guth's original formulation was problematic, as there was no consistent way to bring an end to the inflationary epoch and end up with the hot, isotropic, homogeneous universe observed today. Although the false vacuum could decay into empty \"bubbles\" of \"true vacuum\" that expanded at the speed of light, the empty bubbles could not coalesce to reheat the universe, because they could not keep up with the remaining inflating universe. In 1982, this \"graceful exit problem\" was solved independently by Andrei Linde and by Andreas Albrecht and Paul J. Steinhardt who showed how to end inflation without making empty bubbles and, instead, end up with a hot expanding universe. The basic idea was to have a continuous \"slow-roll\" or slow evolution from false vacuum to true without making any bubbles. The improved model was called \"new inflation.\" In 1983, Paul Steinhardt was the first to show that this \"new inflation\" does not have to end everywhere. Instead, it might only end in a finite patch or a hot bubble full of matter and radiation, and that inflation continues in most of the universe while producing hot bubble after hot bubble along the way. Alexander Vilenkin showed that when quantum effects are properly included, this is actually generic to all new inflation", "title": "Eternal inflation" }, { "docid": "2100312", "text": "BBT may refer to: Arts and entertainment The Big Bang Theory, an American sitcom \"The Big Bang Theory\" (Family Guy), an episode of Family Guy Big Biz Tycoon, a business simulation game by Animedia Bujinkan Budō Taijutsu, the group which teaches the Bujinkan Black box theater, a simple performance space, typically a square room with black walls and a flat floor. Music Big Bang Theory (Harem Scarem album), a 1998 album by the Canadian hard rock band Harem Scarem Big Bang Theory (Styx album), an album by Styx Big Big Train, an English progressive rock band that was founded in 1990 Organisations Air Bashkortostan (ICAO code BBT), an airline based in Russia Barbier, Benard, et Turenne, a French company that specialized in the manufacture of lighthouse lenses Bhaktivedanta Book Trust, the world's largest publisher of books concerning Krishna Barclays Bank Tanzania, a commercial bank in Tanzania Borletti-Buitoni Trust, a charitable trust established in 2002 to help young musicians throughout the world Toyama Television, a television station in Japan Brighton Ballet Theater, a not-for-profit professional dance school Transport BBT, the Indian Railways station code for Birati railway station, West Bengal, India BBT, the MRT station abbreviation for Bukit Batok MRT station, Singapore Other uses Basal body temperature, the lowest temperature attained by the body during rest Bubble tea, a Taiwanese beverage usually containing a tea base mixed with fruit (or fruit syrup) and/or milk Brenner Base Tunnel, a planned long railway tunnel through the base of the Brenner massif See also Big Bang (Big Bang theory), the prevailing cosmological model for the universe Big Bang (disambiguation) Big Bang Theory (disambiguation)", "title": "BBT" }, { "docid": "17838988", "text": "Robert Dallas Campbell (born 17 September 1970) is a British television presenter, podcast host, and television and stage actor, previously a presenter on the factual Channel 5 series The Gadget Show in 2008 and BBC One science series Bang Goes the Theory from 2009 to 2012. Early life Born in Kilmacolm, Scotland, he attended schools in Darras Hall and Ponteland, Northumberland, continuing his education at Glenalmond College in Perthshire, Scotland. Career Campbell began his career as an actor, and in his early 20s he appeared in the play Who is Eddie Linden at the Old Red Lion in Islington in 1995, starring alongside Michael Deacon, who was playing the poet Eddie Linden. In 1997, Campbell appeared in The Warp, which is the longest play ever performed (over 24 hours). Campbell also appears in an episode of A Touch of Frost in series 6 as Mr Renfrew, and was the screenwriter and director of the short subject film No Deposit, No Return in 2004. His television presenting career began on The Gadget Show (Channel 5) followed by BBC One's prime time science magazine show Bang Goes the Theory. In April 2014 he presented The Treasure Hunters for BBC One with Ellie Harrison which saw them on the trail of earth's most prized and valuable treasures both natural and man-made. Supersized Earth (BBC One), a BAFTA-nominated series that examined the scale and pace with which humans have transformed the Earth in a generation. Airport Live (BBC Two) featured three days of access 'airside' at Heathrow Airport with Kate Humble and Anita Rani. Egypt's Lost Cities, again for BBC One, was a feature-length documentary that used satellite technology to hunt for undiscovered historical treasures, and a six-part National Geographic series Time Scanners used laser scanning technology to uncover the secrets of the world's most famous historical buildings, from Machu Picchu in Peru to St Paul's Cathedral. On BBC Four he is a regular presenter of the Horizon series, covering a wide variety of big science subjects from dogs to quantum mechanics and on the one-off documentaries Voyager: Beyond the final frontier – The story of NASA’s Voyager mission and The Drake Equation: The Search for Life – an investigation into the science and history behind our efforts to find life beyond the earth. Dallas hosted Doctor Who'''s 50th Anniversary celebrations between 22 and 24 November 2013, at London's ExCel Arena, Stargazing Live, and a two-summer national tour of Bang Goes the Theory. He is a regular contributor to the BBC's science magazine Focus, the Times' Eureka magazine, and The Observer. He has appeared on BBC Radio 4's comedy science show Infinite Monkey Cage, with Robin Ince and Brian Cox, Loose Ends with Clive Anderson, and Shaun Keavney's Breakfast Show on BBC Radio 6 Music. On 2 January 2015, Campbell appeared on and won Celebrity Mastermind, with filmmaker Werner Herzog as his specialist subject. He appeared in The Dumping Ground episode \"Fake It to Make It'\" which aired on the CBBC Channel in February", "title": "Dallas Campbell" }, { "docid": "5914515", "text": "Lee Aronsohn (born December 15, 1952) is an American television writer, composer and producer. He is the co-creator of the successful TV Show Two and a Half Men. He has written for many sitcoms, such as The Love Boat, Who's the Boss?, Murphy Brown, Grace Under Fire, The Big Bang Theory, and Cybill. Career In 1975 he founded the comic book store \"Trade-A-Tape Comic Center\" in Lincoln, Nebraska, which he ran for two years. , the store is still in operation, under its second owner. In 1997, he co-created the sitcom starring Rick Reynolds and Pam Dawber, Life... and Stuff. In 2003, he co-created the sitcom Two and a Half Men and wrote the original music for the series as well. Besides writing scripts, Aronsohn has also worked as executive producer and directs one show per season. He is also executive producer and writer for The Big Bang Theory. In 2018, he released his first feature-length documentary, 40 Years in the Making: The Magic Music Movie, about his efforts to reunite his favorite band from his college years, Magic Music. The movie enjoys a limited theatrical release starting August 3 and was released digitally September 4, 2018. He is Jewish. Selected credits References External links 1952 births American Jews American people of Jewish descent American television producers Living people American showrunners American male television writers American television composers Two and a Half Men", "title": "Lee Aronsohn" }, { "docid": "42882", "text": "Cosmogony is any model concerning the origin of the cosmos or the universe. Overview Scientific theories In astronomy, cosmogony refers to the study of the origin of particular astrophysical objects or systems, and is most commonly used in reference to the origin of the universe, the Solar System, or the Earth–Moon system. The prevalent cosmological model of the early development of the universe is the Big Bang theory. Sean M. Carroll, who specializes in theoretical cosmology and field theory, explains two competing explanations for the origins of the singularity, which is the center of a space in which a characteristic is limitless (one example is the singularity of a black hole, where gravity is the characteristic that becomes infinite). It is generally thought that the universe began at a point of singularity, but among Modern Cosmologists and Physicists, a singularity usually represents a lack of understanding, and in the case of Cosmology/Cosmogony, requires a theory of quantum gravity to understand. When the universe started to expand, what is colloquially known as the Big Bang occurred, which evidently began the universe. The other explanation, held by proponents such as Stephen Hawking, asserts that time did not exist when it emerged along with the universe. This assertion implies that the universe does not have a beginning, as time did not exist \"prior\" to the universe. Hence, it is unclear whether properties such as space or time emerged with the singularity and the known universe. Despite the research, there is currently no theoretical model that explains the earliest moments of the universe's existence (during the Planck epoch) due to a lack of a testable theory of quantum gravity. Nevertheless, researchers of string theory, its extensions (such as M-theory), and of loop quantum cosmology, like Barton Zwiebach and Washington Taylor, have proposed solutions to assist in the explanation of the universe's earliest moments. Cosmogonists have only tentative theories for the early stages of the universe and its beginning. The proposed theoretical scenarios include string theory, M-theory, the Hartle–Hawking initial state, emergent Universe, string landscape, cosmic inflation, the Big Bang, and the ekpyrotic universe. Some of these proposed scenarios, like the string theory, are compatible, whereas others are not. Mythology In mythology, creation or cosmogonic myths are narratives describing the beginning of the universe or cosmos. Some methods of the creation of the universe in mythology include: the will or action of a supreme being or beings, the process of metamorphosis, the copulation of female and male deities, from chaos, or via a cosmic egg. Creation myths may be etiological, attempting to provide explanations for the origin of the universe. For instance, Eridu Genesis, the oldest known creation myth, contains an account of the creation of the world in which the universe was created out of a primeval sea (Abzu). Creation myths vary, but they may share similar deities or symbols. For instance, the ruler of the gods in Greek mythology, Zeus, is similar to the ruler of the gods in Roman mythology, Jupiter. Another", "title": "Cosmogony" }, { "docid": "753082", "text": "Sir Hermann Bondi (1 November 1919 – 10 September 2005) was an Austrian-British mathematician and cosmologist. He is best known for developing the steady state model of the universe with Fred Hoyle and Thomas Gold as an alternative to the Big Bang theory. He contributed to the theory of general relativity, and was the first to analyze the inertial and gravitational interaction of negative mass and the first to explicate correctly the nature of gravitational waves. In his 1990 autobiography, Bondi regarded the 1962 work on gravitational waves as his \"best scientific work\". Early life Bondi was born in Vienna, the son of a Jewish medical doctor. He was brought up in Vienna, where he studied at the Realgymnasium. He showed early prodigious ability at mathematics, and was recommended to Arthur Eddington by Abraham Fraenkel. Fraenkel was a distant relation, the only mathematician in the extended family and Hermann's mother had the foresight to arrange a meeting between her young son and the famous man knowing that this might be the key to enabling him to follow his wishes and become a mathematician himself. Eddington encouraged him to travel to England to read the mathematical tripos at Trinity College, Cambridge. He arrived in Cambridge in 1937, escaping from antisemitism in Austria. Realizing the perilous position of his parents in 1938, shortly before the Anschluss, he sent them a telegram telling them to leave Austria at once. They managed to reach Switzerland and subsequently settled in New York. In the early years of World War II, he was interned on the Isle of Man and in Canada as a friendly enemy alien. Other internees included Thomas Gold and Max Perutz. In 1940, Bondi became Senior Wrangler at the University of Cambridge. Bondi and Gold were released from internment by the end of 1941, and worked with Fred Hoyle on radar at the Admiralty Signals Establishment. He became a British subject in 1946. Career Bondi lectured in mathematics in the University of Cambridge from 1945 to 1954. He was a fellow of Trinity College from 1943 to 1949 and from 1952 to 1954. In 1948, Bondi, Hoyle and Gold formulated the Steady State theory, which holds that the universe is constantly expanding but matter is constantly created to form new stars and galaxies to maintain a constant average density. Steady State theory was eclipsed by the rival Big Bang theory with the discovery of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). Bondi was one of the first to correctly appreciate the nature of gravitational radiation, introducing Bondi radiation coordinates, the Bondi k-calculus, the notions of Bondi mass and Bondi news, and writing review articles. He popularized the sticky bead argument which was said to be originally due, anonymously, to Richard Feynman, for the claim that physically meaningful gravitational radiation is indeed predicted by general relativity, an assertion which was controversial up until about 1955. A 1947 paper revived interest in the Lemaître–Tolman metric, an inhomogeneous, spherically symmetric dust solution (often called the LTB or", "title": "Hermann Bondi" }, { "docid": "67828258", "text": "The 2021–22 network television schedule for the five major English commercial broadcast networks in Canada covers primetime hours from September 2021 through August 2022. The schedule is followed by a list per network of returning series, new series, and series cancelled after the 2020–21 television season, for Canadian, American and other series. CBC was first to announce its fall schedule on June 2, 2021, followed by Citytv and Global on June 8, and CTV on June 10. Yes TV, and Omni Television are not included as member television stations have local flexibility over most of their schedules. CTV 2 is not included on Friday or Saturday as it normally only schedules encore programming in primetime on Fridays and Saturdays. Legend Grey indicates encore programming. Blue-grey indicates news programming. Light green indicates sporting events/coverage. Light purple indicates movies. Red indicates Canadian content shows, which is programming that originated in Canada. Light yellow indicates the current schedule. Schedule New series to Canadian television are highlighted in bold. All times given are in Canadian Eastern Time and Pacific Time (except for some live events or specials, including most sports, which are given in Eastern Time). Subtract one hour for Central time for most programs (excluding CBC). Airtimes may vary in the Atlantic and Mountain times and do not necessarily align with U.S. stations in the Mountain time zone. Add one half-hour to Atlantic Time schedule for Newfoundland time. (See also: Effects of time zones on North American broadcasting) Dates (e.g., (9/13)) indicate the first month and day of a program in its regular timeslot, not necessarily the premiere date. Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday {\| class=wikitable style=width:100%;margin-right:0;text-align:center \|- ! style=width:8% colspan=2\| Network ! style=width:11.5%\|7:00 p.m. ! style=width:11.5%\|7:30 p.m. ! style=width:11.5%\|8:00 p.m. ! style=width:11.5%\|8:30 p.m. ! style=width:11.5%\"\|9:00 p.m. ! style=width:11.5%\|9:30 p.m. ! style=width:11.5%\|10:00 p.m. ! style=width:11.5%\|10:30 p.m. \|- ! rowspan=2\| CBC ! Fall \| rowspan=2\| Coronation Street \| style=background:#F08080 rowspan=2\| Family Feud Canada \| colspan=2\| War of the Worlds \| style=background:#F08080 colspan=2\|Diggstown \| style=background:#6699CC colspan=2 rowspan=2\| \|- ! Winter \| style=background:#F08080\| Still Standing \| style=background:#F08080\| Run the Burbs \| style=background:#F08080 colspan=2\| Pretty Hard Cases \|- ! rowspan=2\| Citytv ! Fall \| style=background:#C0C0C0 colspan=2 rowspan=2\|Mom \| colspan=2\|Chicago Med \| colspan=2\|Chicago Fire \| colspan=2\|Chicago P.D. \|- ! Summer \| colspan=2\|America's Got Talent \| colspan=2\|So You Think You Can Dance \| style=background:#C0C0C0 colspan=2\|Mom \|- ! rowspan=4\| CTV ! Fall \| style=background:#F08080\| Etalk \| The Wonder Years \| colspan=2\| The Masked Singer \| rowspan=3\| The Conners \| rowspan=3\| Home Economics \| colspan=2\| Alter Ego \|- ! Winter \| colspan=2\| The Amazing Race \| style=background:#F08080\| Children Ruin Everything \| The Wonder Years \| colspan=2\| Next Level Chef \|- ! Spring \| style=background:#F08080 rowspan=2\|Etalk \| The Wonder Years\| colspan=2\|The Masked Singer \| colspan=2\|Domino Masters \|- ! Summer \| style=background:#C0C0C0\| The Big Bang Theory \| colspan=2\|MasterChef \| colspan=2\|The Challenge: USA \| style=background:#C0C0C0 \|The Big Bang Theory \| style=background:#C0C0C0 \|The Big Bang Theory \|- ! rowspan=2\| CTV 2 ! Fall \| style=background:#C0C0C0 rowspan=2\| The Big Bang Theory \| style=background:#f08080 rowspan=2\| Etalk \| rowspan=2\|The", "title": "2021–22 Canadian network television schedule" }, { "docid": "733002", "text": "Neil Geoffrey Turok (born 16 November 1958) is a South African physicist. He has held the Higgs Chair of Theoretical Physics at the University of Edinburgh since 2020, and has been director emeritus of the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics since 2019. He specializes in mathematical physics and early-universe physics, including the cosmological constant and a cyclic model for the universe. Early life and career Turok was born on 16 November 1958 in Johannesburg, South Africa, to Mary Turok and Byelorussian-born Ben Turok, who were activists in the anti-apartheid movement and the African National Congress. After graduating from Churchill College, Cambridge, Turok gained his doctorate from Imperial College, London, under the supervision of David Olive, one of the inventors of superstring theory. After a postdoctoral post at Santa Barbara, he was an associate scientist at Fermilab, Illinois. In 1992 he was awarded the Maxwell medal of the Institute of Physics for his contributions to theoretical physics. In 1994 he was appointed Professor of Physics at Princeton University, then held the Chair of Mathematical Physics at the University of Cambridge starting in 1997. He was appointed Director of the Perimeter Institute in 2008. In 2020, Turok was appointed as the Inaugural Higgs Chair of Theoretical Physics at the University of Edinburgh. Research and other contributions Turok has worked in a number of areas of mathematical physics and early universe physics, focusing on observational tests of fundamental physics in cosmology. In the early 1990s, his group showed how the polarisation and temperature anisotropies of the Cosmic microwave background would be correlated, a prediction which has been confirmed in detail by recent precision measurements by the WMAP spacecraft. They also developed a key test for the presence of a cosmological constant, also recently confirmed. Turok and collaborators developed the theory of open inflation. With Stephen Hawking, he later developed the so-called Hawking-Turok instanton solutions which, according to the no-boundary proposal of Hawking and James Hartle, can describe the birth of an inflationary universe. Together with Justin Khoury, Burt Ovrut and Paul Steinhardt, Turok introduced the notion of the Ekpyrotic Universe, \"... a cosmological model in which the hot big bang universe is produced by the collision of a brane in the bulk space with a bounding orbifold plane, beginning from an otherwise cold, vacuous, static universe\". Most recently, with Paul Steinhardt at Princeton, Turok has been developing a cyclic model for the universe, in which the big bang is explained as a collision between two \"brane-worlds\" in M theory. The predictions of this model are in agreement with current cosmological data, but there are interesting differences with the predictions of cosmological inflation which will be probed by future experiments (probably by the Planck space observatory). In 2006, Steinhardt and Turok showed how the cyclic model could naturally incorporate a mechanism for relaxing the cosmological constant to very small values, consistent with current observations. In 2007, Steinhardt and Turok co-authored the popular science book Endless Universe. In 2012, Turok's Massey Lectures were published as", "title": "Neil Turok" }, { "docid": "7746172", "text": "Kevin Sussman (born December 4, 1970) is an American actor and comedian. He played Walter on the ABC comedy-drama Ugly Betty and Stuart Bloom on the CBS sitcom The Big Bang Theory. Starting with the sixth season of The Big Bang Theory, he was promoted to a series regular. Early life Sussman is one of four brothers born to Jewish parents. He grew up in Staten Island where he attended Staten Island Technical High School and graduated from New Dorp High School. He attended the College of Staten Island for one year and went on to graduate from the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in Manhattan. He later studied with acting teacher Uta Hagen for four years. Career Sussman got his start in commercials, playing geeks or nerds, like a young Eddie Deezen during the dot-com boom for companies such as FedEx. At the time, he worked as a computer consultant. In 1999, he made his film debut in Liberty Heights as Alan Joseph Zuckerman. Sussman moved to Los Angeles when he was cast in Ugly Betty. He played the character Stuart Bloom on The Big Bang Theory from 2009 to the series end in May 2019. In 2011 and 2012, he worked with The Big Bang Theory co-star John Ross Bowie to create two television comedies: The Ever After Part (FOX) and The Second Coming of Rob (CBS). Personal life Sussman was married to Alessandra Young from 2006 until 2017. Sussman married Addie Hall in April 2023. Filmography Film Television References External links 1970 births Living people American male film actors American male television actors American male voice actors Male actors from Staten Island Comedians from Staten Island 20th-century American male actors 21st-century American male actors College of Staten Island alumni American Academy of Dramatic Arts alumni Jewish American male actors New Dorp High School alumni 21st-century American Jews American male comedians Jewish American comedians Jewish male comedians", "title": "Kevin Sussman" }, { "docid": "19958552", "text": "Big Bang Theory most commonly refers to: The Big Bang, a cosmological model of the universe The Big Bang Theory, an American TV sitcom It may also refer to: Music \"The History of Everything\", AKA the theme from ''The Big Bang Theory\", a song by 2007 Barenaked Ladies Big Bang Theory (Billy Bang album) (2000) Big Bang Theory (Styx album) (2005) Big Bang Theory (Harem Scarem album) (1998) Other uses \"The Big Bang Theory\" (Family Guy), a 2011 episode of the TV series See also Big Bang (disambiguation)", "title": "Big Bang Theory" }, { "docid": "40836275", "text": "The cosmic age problem was a historical problem in astronomy concerning the age of the universe. The problem was that at various times in the 20th century, the universe was estimated to be younger than the oldest observed stars. Estimates of the universe's age came from measurements of the current expansion rate of the universe, the Hubble constant , as well as cosmological models relating to the universe's matter and energy contents (see the Friedmann equations). Issues with measuring as well as not knowing about the existence of dark energy led to spurious estimates of the age. Additionally, objects such as galaxies, stars, and planets could not have existed in the extreme temperatures and densities shortly after the Big Bang. Since around 1997–2003, the problem is believed to have been solved by most cosmologists: modern cosmological measurements lead to a precise estimate of the age of the universe (i.e. time since the Big Bang) of 13.8 billion years, and recent age estimates for the oldest objects are either younger than this, or consistent allowing for measurement uncertainties. Historical development Early years Following theoretical developments of the Friedmann equations by Alexander Friedmann and Georges Lemaître in the 1920s, and the discovery of the expanding universe by Edwin Hubble in 1929, it was immediately clear that tracing this expansion backwards in time predicts that the universe had almost zero size at a finite time in the past. This concept, initially known as the \"Primeval Atom\" by Lemaitre, was later elaborated into the modern Big Bang theory. If the universe had expanded at a constant rate in the past, the age of the universe now (i.e. the time since the Big Bang) is simply proportional to the inverse of the Hubble constant, often known as the Hubble time. For Big Bang models with zero cosmological constant and positive matter density, the actual age must be somewhat younger than this Hubble time; typically the age would be between 66% and 90% of the Hubble time, depending on the density of matter. Hubble's early estimate of his constant was 550 (km/s)/Mpc, and the inverse of that is 1.8 billion years. It was believed by many geologists such as Arthur Holmes in the 1920s that the Earth was probably over 2 billion years old, but with large uncertainty. The possible discrepancy between the ages of the Earth and the universe was probably one motivation for the development of the Steady State theory in 1948 as an alternative to the Big Bang; in the (now obsolete) steady state theory, the universe is infinitely old and on average unchanging with time. The steady state theory postulated spontaneous creation of matter to keep the average density constant as the universe expands, and therefore most galaxies still have an age less than 1/H0. However, if H0 had been 550 (km/s)/Mpc, our Milky Way galaxy would be exceptionally large compared to most other galaxies, so it could well be much older than an average galaxy, therefore eliminating the age problem. 1950–1970", "title": "Cosmic age problem" }, { "docid": "158717", "text": "The ekpyrotic universe () is a cosmological model of the early universe that explains the origin of the large-scale structure of the cosmos. The model has also been incorporated in the cyclic universe theory (or ekpyrotic cyclic universe theory), which proposes a complete cosmological history, both the past and future. Origins The original ekpyrotic model was introduced by Justin Khoury, Burt Ovrut, Paul Steinhardt and Neil Turok in 2001. Steinhardt created the name based on the Ancient Greek word ekpyrosis (ἐκπύρωσις, \"conflagration\"), which refers to a Stoic cosmological model in which the universe is caught in an eternal cycle of fiery birth, cooling and rebirth. The theory addresses the fundamental question that remains unanswered by the Big Bang inflationary model, \"What happened before the Big Bang?\" The explanation, according to the ekpyrotic theory, is that the Big Bang was actually a big bounce, a transition from a previous epoch of contraction to the present epoch of expansion. The key events that shaped our universe occurred before the bounce, and, in a cyclic version, the universe bounces at regular intervals. Applications of the theory The original ekpyrotic models relied on string theory, branes and extra dimensions, but most contemporary ekpyrotic and cyclic models use the same physical ingredients as inflationary models (quantum fields evolving in ordinary space-time). Like Big Bang cosmology, the ekpyrotic theory has accurately described essential features of our universe. It predicts a uniform, flat universe with patterns of hot spots and cold spots, in agreement with observations of the cosmic microwave background (CMB), observations confirmed to higher precision by the WMAP and Planck satellite experiments. Observation of a CMB has long been considered evidence of the Big Bang, but proponents of the ekpyrotic and cyclic theories contend that the CMB is also consistent with a Big Bounce as posited in those models. Other researchers argue that data from the Planck observations of the CMB \"significantly limit the viable parameter space of the ekpyrotic/cyclic scenarios.\" Primordial gravitational waves, if ever observed, may help scientists distinguish between various theories about the origin of the universe. Implications for cosmology An advantage of ekpyrotic and cyclic models is that they do not produce a multiverse. This is important because when the effects of quantum fluctuations are properly included in the Big Bang inflationary model, they prevent the universe from achieving the uniformity and flatness that the cosmologists are trying to explain. Instead, inflated quantum fluctuations cause the universe to break up into patches with every conceivable combination of physical properties. Instead of making clear predictions, the Big Bang inflationary theory allows any outcome, so that the properties we observe may be viewed as random chance, resulting from the particular patch of the multiverse in which the Earth resides. Most regions of the multiverse would have very different properties. Nobel laureate Steven Weinberg has suggested that if the multiverse is true, “the hope of finding a rational explanation for the precise values of quark masses and other constants of the standard model that", "title": "Ekpyrotic universe" }, { "docid": "422107", "text": "Sara Gilbert (born Sara Rebecca Abeles; January 29, 1975) is an American actress best known for her role as Darlene Conner on the ABC sitcom Roseanne (1988–1997; 2018), for which she received two Primetime Emmy Award nominations, and its spin-off, The Conners (2018–present). She is also creator and former co-host of the CBS daytime talk show The Talk and had a recurring role as Leslie Winkle on CBS's The Big Bang Theory. Early life and education Gilbert was born Sara Rebecca Abeles in Santa Monica, California, the daughter of Barbara Cowan (née Crane) and Harold Abeles. Both her parents are Jewish. Her maternal grandfather was The Honeymooners creator Harry Crane. Gilbert has two older half-siblings and two older adopted siblings. Her adopted siblings on her mother's side, Melissa Gilbert and Jonathan Gilbert, were stars of Little House on the Prairie. In 1984, Sara took the last name Gilbert from Paul Gilbert, her mother's first husband. Gilbert also has two siblings on her father's side, sister Patrice and brother Joseph. Gilbert graduated from Yale University in 1997, with honors, majoring in art with an emphasis on photography. Career Television Following appearances in television movies and a commercial for Kool-Aid, at 13 she landed the role of Darlene Conner, the sarcastic middle child, in Roseanne. Gilbert was a cast member in the show's nine-year run (1988–97), for which she wrote a fourth-season episode story (the teleplay was written by the Guild Writers for the show) called \"Don't Make Me Over.\" Her contribution was considered so important to Roseanne that the show's producers juggled storylines and taping schedules to allow her to study at Yale University while remaining in the cast, shooting remote segments of Darlene at a soundstage in New York. Gilbert has appeared on The Simpsons, 24, Will & Grace, Law & Order: Special Victims Unit and Private Practice. Starting in 2004, she had a recurring role as smart and sarcastic medical student Jane Figler on the long-running hospital drama ER; her appearances spanned seasons 11–13. Gilbert regained a regular spot on prime time television in the fall of 2005 in the sitcom Twins on The WB network. The show was canceled after one season, when the WB and UPN networks merged as The CW and dropped a number of series. She also had a recurring role on the short-lived CBS sitcom The Class as Fern Velch. From 2007 to 2010, Gilbert appeared in episodes of the CBS TV series The Big Bang Theory as Leslie Winkle, a scientist friend of Leonard Hofstadter played by Johnny Galecki, who had previously played Gilbert's love interest David Healy on Roseanne. In the second episode of the second season of The Big Bang Theory, Gilbert was elevated to the show's main cast, portraying again a potential love interest of Galecki's character, and at one point a love interest to Howard Wolowitz (Simon Helberg). By January 2009, it was announced that the writers did not know how to write for her character full-time, and her", "title": "Sara Gilbert" }, { "docid": "3038880", "text": "In relativistic physics, Lorentz invariance states that the laws of physics should remain unchanged under Lorentz transformation. In quantum gravity, Lorentz invariance measures the universal features in the hypothetical loop quantum gravity universes, which is a hypothetical theory that explains the quantum theory of gravity based on a geometrical interpretation of the theory of relativity. The various hypothetical design models for the universe, multiverse, and loop quantum gravity could have various general covariant principle results. Because loop quantum gravity can model universes, space gravity theories are contenders to build and answer unification theory; the Lorentz invariance helps grade the spread of universal features throughout a proposed multiverse in time. Grand Unification Epoch The Grand Unification Epoch is the era in time in the chronology of the universe where no elementary particles existed, and the three gauge interactions of the Standard Model which define the electromagnetic, weak, and strong interactions or forces, are merged into one single force. Scientific consensus suggests that 3 minutes after the Big Bang, protons and neutrons began to come together to form the nuclei of simple elements. Loop quantum gravity theories, in contrast, place the origin and the age of elementary particles and the age of Lorentz invariance, beyond 13.799 ± 0.021 billion years ago. The permanence of Lorentz invariance constants is based on elementary particles and their features. There are eons of time before the Big Bang to build the universe from black holes and older multiverses. There is a selective process that creates features in elementary particles, such as accepting, storing, and giving energy. Lee Smolin's books about loop quantum gravity posit that this theory contains the evolutionary ideas of \"reproduction\" and \"mutation\" of universes, and elementary particles, and is formally analogous to models of population biology. Earlier universes In the early universes before the Big Bang, there are theories that ''loop quantum gravity loop quantum structures'' formed space. The Lorentz invariance and universal constants describe elementary particles that do not exist yet. A fecund universe is a multiverse theory by Lee Smolin about the role of black holes. The theory suggests that black holes and loop quantum gravity connected early universes together, that loop quantum gravity can be pulled into black holes, and that within Fecund universes each new universe has slightly different laws of physics. Because these laws are only slightly different, each is assumed to be like a mutation of the early universes. Minkowski spacetime Loop quantum gravity (LQG) is a quantization of a classical Lagrangian classical field theory. It is equivalent to the usual Einstein–Cartan theory in that it leads to the same equations of motion describing general relativity with torsion. Global Lorentz invariance is broken in LQG just like it is broken in general relativity (unless one is dealing with Minkowski spacetime, which is one particular solution of the Einstein field equations). On the other hand, there has been much talk about possible local and global violations of Lorentz invariance beyond those expected in straightforward general relativity. Of interest", "title": "Lorentz invariance in loop quantum gravity" }, { "docid": "26192499", "text": "David Paul Saltzberg is an experimental particle physicist and a professor at the University of California, Los Angeles, who is known for his science consultancy work on various television shows and films, such as The Big Bang Theory, Manhattan and Oppenheimer. His research involves high-energy collider physics and the radio detection of cosmic neutrinos, and in 2018, he was inducted as a fellow of the American Physical Society. Early life and career Saltzberg earned a bachelor's degree in physics in 1989 from Princeton University and a Ph.D. in physics from the University of Chicago in 1994. From 1995 to 1997, he worked at CERN in Switzerland. Saltzberg served as the chair of the UCLA physics and astronomy department from 2018 to 2022. Scientific consultancy Saltzberg was a technical director for the CBS comedy The Big Bang Theory. In addition to reviewing and correcting scripts with technical errors, Saltzberg added complex formulas to whiteboards on set. He also arranged for established scientists to visit the set of The Big Bang Theory through his \"Geek of the Week\" program. Saltzberg also served as a science consultant on the WGN America series Manhattan, and the 2023 film Oppenheimer. Honors and awards Saltzberg received a Sloan Fellowship, NSF Career Award, and Department of Energy Outstanding Junior Investigator Award while an assistant professor. In 2015, the asteroid 8628 Davidsaltzberg was named after him. In 2018, Saltzberg was inducted as a fellow of the American Physical Society for \"multiple contributions to hadron collider physics research; and for searches for PeV-ZeV astrophysical neutrinos, including accelerator experiments to establish the existence and viability of the Askaryan effect for this purpose\". In 2023, Saltzberg, together with Peter Gorham, a professor from the University of Hawaii, was awarded the Division of Particles & Fields (DPF) Instrumentation Award from the American Physical Society. The award was given for their work on methodologies used to detect high-energy particle cascades based on the Askaryan effect, which was subsequently used in the search for petaelectronvolt (PeV) and exaelectronvolt (EeV) astrophysical neutrinos. References External links Profile at UCLA Physics & Astronomy department Saltzberg's blog discussing science behind each Big Bang Theory episode Living people Year of birth missing (living people) Place of birth missing (living people) 21st-century American physicists Princeton University alumni University of Chicago alumni University of California, Los Angeles faculty People associated with CERN Sloan Research Fellows Fellows of the American Physical Society", "title": "David Saltzberg" }, { "docid": "31809804", "text": "How to Be a Gentleman is an American sitcom television series that originally aired on CBS from September 29, 2011, to June 23, 2012. Lead actor David Hornsby created the series, adapting the nonfiction book of the same name by John Bridges. How to Be a Gentleman received a thirteen episode order for its initial season and the series was placed on the network’s Thursday night lineup at 8:30 PM Eastern, replacing Rules of Engagement in that slot as the latter series was going to move to Saturday nights once it launched for the season. The first two episodes, however, failed to draw a high rating and were unable to hold the audience of lead in program The Big Bang Theory, which was CBS’ highest rated sitcom. On October 7, 2011, CBS cancelled the series after three low-rated episodes. They also cut the episode order from 13 to 9 episodes, which effectively ended production as the series had just finished its ninth episode when the announcement was made. CBS announced that Rules of Engagement would be retaking its former time slot shortly thereafter, with How to Be a Gentleman moving to Saturday nights. Although the reduction in episodes and move to Saturday did not officially result in the series’ cancellation, CBS finally pulled the plug after one further episode had aired after its ratings reflected a loss of half of the audience from the previous program, a rerun of Two and a Half Men. CBS later made the decision to burn off the remaining episodes on Saturday evenings over the summer, beginning on May 26. Premise The series chronicles two former high school classmates, uptight etiquette columnist Andrew Carlson (Hornsby) and the more freewheeling, Iraq war veteran and personal trainer Bert Lansing (Kevin Dillon). The two had an antagonistic relationship in high school but as adults, the two men feel like they can learn from each other and become friends. Cast David Hornsby as Andrew Carlson Kevin Dillon as Bert Lansing Dave Foley as Jerry Dunham Mary Lynn Rajskub as Janet Rhys Darby as Mike Nancy Lenehan as Diane Carlson Episodes Reception The show received negative reviews from critics. It averaged a score of 45 out of 100 on Metacritic. The website's users have given it a 3.7 out of 10, indicating generally unfavorable reviews. The premiere recorded 8.98 million viewers and a 2.7 Adults 18-49 rating. This rating compared poorly to that of its lead-in, The Big Bang Theory, which recorded 14.74 million viewers and a 4.9 in the 18-49 demo, as well as the shows in CBS's Monday night comedy block for the same week, all of which ranked in the top 25 for the week with Adults 18-49. Home media The complete series of How to be a Gentleman was released on DVD and digital on June 9, 2020. References External links 2010s American multi-camera sitcoms 2011 American television series debuts 2012 American television series endings American English-language television shows Television shows based on books Television series", "title": "How to Be a Gentleman" }, { "docid": "18605319", "text": "Quark–gluon plasma (QGP or quark soup) is an interacting localized assembly of quarks and gluons at thermal (local kinetic) and (close to) chemical (abundance) equilibrium. The word plasma signals that free color charges are allowed. In a 1987 summary, Léon van Hove pointed out the equivalence of the three terms: quark gluon plasma, quark matter and a new state of matter. Since the temperature is above the Hagedorn temperature—and thus above the scale of light u,d-quark mass—the pressure exhibits the relativistic Stefan-Boltzmann format governed by temperature to the fourth power () and many practically massless quark and gluon constituents. It can be said that QGP emerges to be the new phase of strongly interacting matter which manifests its physical properties in terms of nearly free dynamics of practically massless gluons and quarks. Both quarks and gluons must be present in conditions near chemical (yield) equilibrium with their colour charge open for a new state of matter to be referred to as QGP. In the Big Bang theory, quark–gluon plasma filled the entire Universe before matter as we know it was created. Theories predicting the existence of quark–gluon plasma were developed in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Discussions around heavy ion experimentation followed suit, and the first experiment proposals were put forward at CERN and BNL in the following years. Quark–gluon plasma was detected for the first time in the laboratory at CERN in the year 2000. General introduction Quark–gluon plasma is a state of matter in which the elementary particles that make up the hadrons of baryonic matter are freed of their strong attraction for one another under extremely high energy densities. These particles are the quarks and gluons that compose baryonic matter. In normal matter quarks are confined; in the QGP quarks are deconfined. In classical quantum chromodynamics (QCD), quarks are the fermionic components of hadrons (mesons and baryons) while the gluons are considered the bosonic components of such particles. The gluons are the force carriers, or bosons, of the QCD color force, while the quarks by themselves are their fermionic matter counterparts. Quark–gluon plasma is studied to recreate and understand the high energy density conditions prevailing in the Universe when matter formed from elementary degrees of freedom (quarks, gluons) at about 20 μs after the Big Bang. Experimental groups are probing over a 'large' distance the (de)confining quantum vacuum structure, the present day relativistic æther, which determines prevailing form of matter and laws of nature. The experiments give insight to the origin of matter and mass: the matter and antimatter is created when the quark–gluon plasma 'hadronizes' and the mass of matter originates in the confining vacuum structure. How the quark–gluon plasma fits into the general scheme of physics QCD is one part of the modern theory of particle physics called the Standard Model. Other parts of this theory deal with electroweak interactions and neutrinos. The theory of electrodynamics has been tested and found correct to a few parts in a billion. The theory of weak interactions", "title": "Quark–gluon plasma" }, { "docid": "26257152", "text": "In cosmology, the steady-state model or steady state theory is an alternative to the Big Bang theory. In the steady-state model, the density of matter in the expanding universe remains unchanged due to a continuous creation of matter, thus adhering to the perfect cosmological principle, a principle that says that the observable universe is always the same at any time and any place. From the 1940s to the 1960s, the astrophysical community was divided between supporters of the Big Bang theory and supporters of the steady-state theory. The steady-state model is now rejected by most cosmologists, astrophysicists, and astronomers. The observational evidence points to a hot Big Bang cosmology with a finite age of the universe, which the steady-state model does not predict. History In the 13th century, Siger of Brabant authored the thesis The Eternity of the World, which argued that there was no first man, and no first specimen of any particular: the physical universe is thus without any first beginning, and therefore eternal. Siger's views were condemned by the pope in 1277. Cosmological expansion was originally seen through observations by Edwin Hubble. Theoretical calculations also showed that the static universe, as modeled by Albert Einstein (1917), was unstable. The modern Big Bang theory, first advanced by Father Georges Lemaître, is one in which the universe has a finite age and has evolved over time through cooling, expansion, and the formation of structures through gravitational collapse. On the other hand, the steady-state model says while the universe is expanding, it nevertheless does not change its appearance over time (the perfect cosmological principle). E.g., the universe has no beginning and no end. This required that matter be continually created in order to keep the universe's density from decreasing. Influential papers on the topic of a steady-state cosmology were published by Hermann Bondi, Thomas Gold, and Fred Hoyle in 1948. Similar models had been proposed earlier by William Duncan MacMillan, among others. It is now known that Albert Einstein considered a steady-state model of the expanding universe, as indicated in a 1931 manuscript, many years before Hoyle, Bondi and Gold. However, Einstein abandoned the idea. Observational tests Counts of radio sources Problems with the steady-state model began to emerge in the 1950s and 60s – observations supported the idea that the universe was in fact changing. Bright radio sources (quasars and radio galaxies) were found only at large distances (therefore could have existed only in the distant past due to the effects of the speed of light on astronomy), not in closer galaxies. Whereas the Big Bang theory predicted as much, the steady-state model predicted that such objects would be found throughout the universe, including close to our own galaxy. By 1961, statistical tests based on radio-source surveys had ruled out the steady-state model in the minds of most cosmologists, although some proponents of the steady state insisted that the radio data were suspect. X-ray background Gold and Hoyle (1959) considered that matter that is newly created exists in a", "title": "Steady-state model" }, { "docid": "21971061", "text": "Penelope \"Penny\" Hofstadter is a fictional character from the American CBS sitcom The Big Bang Theory, portrayed by actress Kaley Cuoco. She is the primary female character in the series, befriending her neighbors Leonard Hofstadter (Johnny Galecki) and Sheldon Cooper (Jim Parsons), two physicists employed at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). Penny's lack of education sets her apart from the group, and her outgoing personality and social aptitude drastically contrast with the personalities of the primary male characters in the series. She is the primary love interest of Leonard, who briefly dates her during the third season. This relationship is later resumed in the fifth season and culminates in their engagement at the end of the seventh season and their wedding at the start of season nine. Penny mentioned to Sheldon that she was aware that Leonard had \"a tiny crush\" on her after he first asked her out. Development In the original, unaired pilot of The Big Bang Theory, the conception of the female lead was very different. She was called Katie, and was envisioned as \"a street-hardened, tough-as-nails woman with a vulnerable interior\". Sheldon and Leonard would \"approach her with honesty, to draw the real, sensitive Katie out\". The role was played by Amanda Walsh. However, the test audiences reacted to the character negatively, seeing her as too mean. Because of this, the character was changed, and the role was recast. Marisa Tomei, Tara Reid, Elizabeth Berkley, and Jodi Lyn O'Keefe were all also considered for the role. In the show's early seasons, Penny was portrayed as a young woman who was out of Leonard's intellectual league. But the character developed into a more complex individual with high emotional intelligence, social skills, and work ethic. Characterization Personality Penny is originally from a small town outside of Omaha, Nebraska. She has full confidence in pseudoscientific concepts such as horoscopes, psychics, and Voodoo, which has led to repeated mocking from both Sheldon and Leonard along with criticisms of their accuracy. In contrast to the rest of the group, Penny is neither well-educated nor savvy in a specific field and is generally somewhat dim-witted, but she has great social skills and is more streetwise than her neighbors. She is knowledgeable about popular culture. She is messy, disorganized, and highly irresponsible (both personally and financially). Having dropped out of community college prior to the start of the series, she is the only regular character with less education than Howard Wolowitz, who has a master's degree. In season six, she returns to college, taking a history class and hiding it from the rest of the group. She initially performs terribly in her college classes. It is revealed in later seasons that Penny has continued her education, taking both an acting and a psychology class. When expressing feelings of anger or frustration, other characters have compared her to The Hulk, a \"rabid wolverine\", and \"killer robots\". Penny's poor driving ability and failure to maintain her vehicle are acknowledged throughout the series. She is", "title": "Penny (The Big Bang Theory)" }, { "docid": "206122", "text": "The Big Crunch is a hypothetical scenario for the ultimate fate of the universe, in which the expansion of the universe eventually reverses and the universe recollapses, ultimately causing the cosmic scale factor to reach zero, an event potentially followed by a reformation of the universe starting with another Big Bang. The vast majority of evidence indicates that this hypothesis is not correct. Instead, astronomical observations show that the expansion of the universe is accelerating rather than being slowed by gravity, suggesting that a Big Chill is more likely. However, some physicists have proposed that a \"Big Crunch-style\" event could result from a dark energy fluctuation. The theory dates back to 1922, with Russian physicist Alexander Friedmann creating a set of equations showing that the end of the universe depends on its density. It could either expand or contract rather than stay stable. With enough matter, gravity could stop the universe's expansion and eventually reverse it. This reversal would result in the universe collapsing on itself, not too dissimilar to a black hole. The ending of the Big Crunch would get filled with radiation from stars and high-energy particles; when this is condensed and blueshifted to higher energy, it would be intense enough to ignite the surface of stars before they collide. In the final moments, the universe would be one large fireball with a temperature of infinity, and at the absolute end, neither time, nor space would remain. Overview The Big Crunch scenario hypothesized that the density of matter throughout the universe is sufficiently high that gravitational attraction will overcome the expansion which began with the Big Bang. The FLRW cosmology can predict whether the expansion will eventually stop based on the average energy density, Hubble parameter, and cosmological constant. If the expansion stopped, then contraction will inevitably follow, accelerating as time passes and finishing the universe in a kind of gravitational collapse, turning the universe into a black hole. Experimental evidence in the late 1990s and early 2000s (namely the observation of distant supernovas as standard candles; and the well-resolved mapping of the cosmic microwave background) led to the conclusion that the expansion of the universe is not getting slowed by gravity but is instead accelerating. The 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to researchers who contributed to this discovery. The Big Crunch theory also leads into another hypothesis known as the Big Bounce, in which after the big crunch destroys the universe, it does a sort of bounce, causing another big bang. This could potentially repeat forever in a phenomenon known as a cyclic universe. History Richard Bentley, a churchman, and a scholar, in preparation for a lecture on Newton's theories and the rejection of atheism, sent a letter out to Sir Isaac Newton, \"If we're in a finite universe and all stars attract each other together, would they not all collapse to a singular point, and if we're in an infinite universe with infinite stars, would infinite forces in every direction not affect all of", "title": "Big Crunch" }, { "docid": "48107161", "text": "The first season of the American comedy television series Silicon Valley premiered in the United States on HBO on April 6, 2014. It consists of eight episodes, and concluded on June 1, 2014. Silicon Valley follows a group of young men working on a startup company in Silicon Valley, California. The first season introduces the characters of Richard Hendricks (Thomas Middleditch), Erlich Bachman (T.J. Miller), Nelson \"Big Head\" Bighetti (Josh Brener), Bertram Gilfoyle (Martin Starr), Dinesh Chugtai (Kumail Nanjiani), and Jared Dunn (Zach Woods), who work together to create an app called Pied Piper, which is the result of Hendricks' development of a data compression algorithm. The season received positive reviews from critics. Cast Main Thomas Middleditch as Richard Hendricks T.J. Miller as Erlich Bachman Josh Brener as Nelson \"Big Head\" Bighetti Martin Starr as Bertram Gilfoyle Kumail Nanjiani as Dinesh Chugtai Christopher Evan Welch as Peter Gregory Amanda Crew as Monica Hall Zach Woods as Donald \"Jared\" Dunn Recurring Matt Ross as Gavin Belson Jimmy O. Yang as Jian-Yang Ben Feldman as Ron LaFlamme Bernard White as Denpok, a guru Andy Daly as Doctor Aly Mawji as Aly Dutta Scott Prendergast as Scott Jill E. Alexander as Patrice Brian Tichnell as Jason Episodes Reception Critical response On Metacritic, the first season has a score of 84 out of 100 based on 36 reviews. Similarly, Rotten Tomatoes gave the first season a 95% rating, and an average score of 7.94 out of 10 based on 57 reviews, with the critical consensus \"Silicon Valley is a relevant, often hilarious take on contemporary technology and the geeks who create it that benefits from co-creator Mike Judge's real-life experience in the industry.\" Tim Goodman of The Hollywood Reporter said \"HBO finds its best and funniest full-on comedy in years with this Mike Judge creation, and it may even tap into that most elusive thing, a wide audience.\" Matt Roush of TV Guide said \"The deft, resonant satire that helped make Judge's Office Space a cult hit takes on farcical new dimension in Silicon Valley, which introduces a socially maladroit posse of computer misfits every bit the comic equal of The Big Bang Theorys science nerds.\" Emily VanDerWerff of The A.V. Club said \"It feels weirdly like a tech-world Entourage—and that's meant as more of a compliment than it seems.\" Brian Tallarico of RogerEbert.com praised the jokes but commented on the slow character development in the first two episodes, and the reliance on common stereotypes in technology, including \"the nerd who can't even look at a girl much less talk to her or touch her, the young businessman who literally shakes when faced with career potential\". He goes on to state that the lack of depth to the characters creates \"this odd push and pull; I want the show to be more realistic but I don't care about these characters enough when it chooses to be so\". David Auerbach of Slate stated that the show did not go far enough to be called risky", "title": "Silicon Valley season 1" }, { "docid": "73764384", "text": "Big Bang Theory is an album by violinist Billy Bang. It was recorded on August 20 and 21, 1999, at Sound on Sound Studios in New York City, and was released in 2000 by Justin Time Records. On the album, Bang is joined by pianist Alexis T. Pope, double bassist Curtis Lundy, and drummer Codaryl Moffett. Reception In a review for AllMusic, Al Campbell stated that the musicians are \"easily capable of improvisation while maintaining a cohesive balance,\" and noted the album's \"overt statement of spirituality that borders on experimentation while maintaining conventional structures.\" John Murph of JazzTimes called the group \"a cohesive ensemble with clearly defined roles,\" and praised \"Bang's bluesy, backwoods fiddling\" as well as \"Curtis Lundy's swaggering bass lines, Alexis Pope's sparkling piano accompaniment and Codaryl Moffett's swinging drumming.\" A reviewer for All About Jazz wrote: \"Bang is a violinist whose ideas truly seem to be spur-of-the-moment as inspiration radiates, sometimes with physical embellishments, from his instrument to his audiences... the rhythm section of Big Bang Theory allows Bang to shine as the leader, laying down beats and holding back accompaniment, until it's time to step forth.\" JazzWord's Ken Waxman called the album \"exemplary,\" and commented: \"CDs like this one... show that among his many other attributes, versatile Bang can output pure swing when he sets his bow to it... In fact, the careful listener would note that this quartet's heartfelt rhythm and relaxed tunefulness, call up the image of no one more than trickster Stuff Smith — mainstream jazz's violin clown prince of the 1930s to 1960s.\" Track listing \"Contrary Motion\" (Kahil El'Zabar) – 5:16 \"At Play in the Fields of the Lord\" (Billy Bang) – 7:34 \"Big Bang Theory\" (Curtis Lundy) – 9:49 \"Theme for Taraby\" (Billy Bang) – 6:03 \"Silent Observation\" (Billy Bang) – 7:21 \"One for Jazz (For Dennis Charles)\" (Billy Bang) – 4:31 \"Sweet Irene\" (Billy Bang) – 6:16 \"Swing Low, Sweet Chariot\" (Traditional) – 2:22 \"Saved by the Bell\" (Alexis Pope) – 5:41 \"Little Sunflower\" (Freddie Hubbard) – 10:50 Personnel Billy Bang – violin Alexis T. Pope – piano Curtis Lundy – double bass Codaryl Moffett – drums References 2000 albums Billy Bang albums Justin Time Records albums", "title": "Big Bang Theory (Billy Bang album)" }, { "docid": "44058", "text": "In physical cosmology, Big Bang nucleosynthesis (also known as primordial nucleosynthesis, and abbreviated as BBN) is the production of nuclei other than those of the lightest isotope of hydrogen (hydrogen-1, 1H, having a single proton as a nucleus) during the early phases of the universe. This type of nucleosynthesis is thought by most cosmologists to have occurred from 10 seconds to 20 minutes after the Big Bang. It is thought to be responsible for the formation of most of the universe's helium (as isotope helium-4 (4He)), along with small fractions of the hydrogen isotope deuterium (2H or D), the helium isotope helium-3 (3He), and a very small fraction of the lithium isotope lithium-7 (7Li). In addition to these stable nuclei, two unstable or radioactive isotopes were produced: the heavy hydrogen isotope tritium (3H or T) and the beryllium isotope beryllium-7 (7Be). These unstable isotopes later decayed into 3He and 7Li, respectively, as above. Elements heavier than lithium are thought to have been created later in the life of the Universe by stellar nucleosynthesis, through the formation, evolution and death of stars. Characteristics There are several important characteristics of Big Bang nucleosynthesis (BBN): The initial conditions (neutron–proton ratio) were set in the first second after the Big Bang. The universe was very close to homogeneous at this time, and strongly radiation-dominated. The fusion of nuclei occurred between roughly 10 seconds to 20 minutes after the Big Bang; this corresponds to the temperature range when the universe was cool enough for deuterium to survive, but hot and dense enough for fusion reactions to occur at a significant rate. It was widespread, encompassing the entire observable universe. The key parameter which allows one to calculate the effects of Big Bang nucleosynthesis is the baryon/photon number ratio, which is a small number of order 6 × 10−10. This parameter corresponds to the baryon density and controls the rate at which nucleons collide and react; from this it is possible to calculate element abundances after nucleosynthesis ends. Although the baryon per photon ratio is important in determining element abundances, the precise value makes little difference to the overall picture. Without major changes to the Big Bang theory itself, BBN will result in mass abundances of about 75% of hydrogen-1, about 25% helium-4, about 0.01% of deuterium and helium-3, trace amounts (on the order of 10−10) of lithium, and negligible heavier elements. That the observed abundances in the universe are generally consistent with these abundance numbers is considered strong evidence for the Big Bang theory. In this field, for historical reasons it is customary to quote the helium-4 fraction by mass, symbol Y, so that 25% helium-4 means that helium-4 atoms account for 25% of the mass, but less than 8% of the nuclei would be helium-4 nuclei. Other (trace) nuclei are usually expressed as number ratios to hydrogen. The first detailed calculations of the primordial isotopic abundances came in 1966 and have been refined over the years using updated estimates of the input nuclear reaction", "title": "Big Bang nucleosynthesis" }, { "docid": "4254192", "text": "Mark Cendrowski is an American film and television director. He is best known as the director of most episodes of The Big Bang Theory. Cendrowski is a 1981 graduate of the University of Michigan and a 1977 graduate of Notre Dame High School in Harper Woods, Michigan. He has worked on a number of series, including directing many episodes of Yes, Dear, Still Standing, According to Jim, Rules of Engagement, and was the primary director of The Big Bang Theory. He has also directed episodes of Wizards of Waverly Place, The King of Queens, A.N.T. Farm, Hannah Montana, Sabrina, the Teenage Witch, The Hughleys, Malcolm & Eddie, Men at Work, Sullivan & Son, Dads, The Carmichael Show and Superior Donuts, among others. Cendrowski received his first-ever Emmy nomination for Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series for the final episode of the eleventh season of The Big Bang Theory, \"The Bow Tie Asymmetry\", which included special guest star Mark Hamill and another nomination for the series finale \"The Stockholm Syndrome\". Cendrowski began his TV career as an assistant director and stage manager. Filmography data from IMDb References External links American television directors Living people Place of birth missing (living people) Year of birth missing (living people) University of Michigan alumni", "title": "Mark Cendrowski" }, { "docid": "639790", "text": "The discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation constitutes a major development in modern physical cosmology. In 1964, US physicist Arno Allan Penzias and radio-astronomer Robert Woodrow Wilson discovered the cosmic microwave background (CMB), estimating its temperature as 3.5 K, as they experimented with the Holmdel Horn Antenna. The new measurements were accepted as important evidence for a hot early Universe (big bang theory) and as evidence against the rival steady state theory as theoretical work around 1950 showed the need for a CMB for consistency with the simplest relativistic universe models. In 1978, Penzias and Wilson were awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics for their joint measurement. There had been a prior measurement of the cosmic background radiation (CMB) by Andrew McKellar in 1941 at an effective temperature of 2.3 K using CN stellar absorption lines observed by W. S. Adams. Although no reference to the CMB is made by McKellar, it was not until much later after the Penzias and Wilson measurements that the significance of this measurement was understood. History By the middle of the 20th century, cosmologists had developed two different theories to explain the creation of the universe. Some supported the steady-state theory, which states that the universe has always existed and will continue to survive without noticeable change. Others believed in the Big Bang theory, which states that the universe was created in a massive explosion-like event billions of years ago (later determined to be approximately 13.8 billion years). In 1941, Andrew McKellar used W. S. Adams' spectroscopic observations of CN absorption lines in the spectrum of a B type star to measure a blackbody background temperature of 2.3 K. McKellar referred to his detection as a \"'rotational' temperature of interstellar molecules\", without reference to a cosmological interpretation, stating that the temperature \"will have its own, perhaps limited, significance\". Over two decades later, working at a Bell Telephone Laboratories facility atop Crawford Hill in Holmdel, New Jersey, in 1964, Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson were experimenting with a supersensitive, 6 meter (20 ft) horn antenna originally built to detect radio waves bounced off Echo balloon satellites. To measure these faint radio waves, they had to eliminate all recognizable interference from their receiver. They removed the effects of radar and radio broadcasting, and suppressed interference from the heat in the receiver itself by cooling it with liquid helium to −269 °C, only 4 K above absolute zero. When Penzias and Wilson reduced their data, they found a low, steady, mysterious noise that persisted in their receiver. This residual noise was 100 times more intense than they had expected, was evenly spread over the sky, and was present day and night. They were certain that the radiation they detected on a wavelength of 7.35 centimeters did not come from the Earth, the Sun, or our galaxy. After thoroughly checking their equipment, removing some pigeons nesting in the antenna and cleaning out the accumulated droppings, the noise remained. Both concluded that this noise was coming from outside our", "title": "Discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation" }, { "docid": "612029", "text": "A cyclic model (or oscillating model) is any of several cosmological models in which the universe follows infinite, or indefinite, self-sustaining cycles. For example, the oscillating universe theory briefly considered by Albert Einstein in 1930 theorized a universe following an eternal series of oscillations, each beginning with a Big Bang and ending with a Big Crunch; in the interim, the universe would expand for a period of time before the gravitational attraction of matter causes it to collapse back in and undergo a bounce. Overview In the 1920s, theoretical physicists, most notably Albert Einstein, considered the possibility of a cyclic model for the universe as an (everlasting) alternative to the model of an expanding universe. In 1922, Alexander Friedmann introduced the Oscillating Universe Theory. However, work by Richard C. Tolman in 1934 showed that these early attempts failed because of the cyclic problem: according to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, entropy can only increase. This implies that successive cycles grow longer and larger. Extrapolating back in time, cycles before the present one become shorter and smaller culminating again in a Big Bang and thus not replacing it. This puzzling situation remained for many decades until the early 21st century when the recently discovered dark energy component provided new hope for a consistent cyclic cosmology. In 2011, a five-year survey of 200,000 galaxies and spanning 7 billion years of cosmic time confirmed that \"dark energy is driving our universe apart at accelerating speeds.\" One new cyclic model is the brane cosmology model of the creation of the universe, derived from the earlier ekpyrotic model. It was proposed in 2001 by Paul Steinhardt of Princeton University and Neil Turok of Cambridge University. The theory describes a universe exploding into existence not just once, but repeatedly over time. The theory could potentially explain why a repulsive form of energy known as the cosmological constant, which is accelerating the expansion of the universe, is several orders of magnitude smaller than predicted by the standard Big Bang model. A different cyclic model relying on the notion of phantom energy was proposed in 2007 by Lauris Baum and Paul Frampton of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Other cyclic models include conformal cyclic cosmology and loop quantum cosmology. The Steinhardt–Turok model In this cyclic model, two parallel orbifold planes or M-branes collide periodically in a higher-dimensional space. The visible four-dimensional universe lies on one of these branes. The collisions correspond to a reversal from contraction to expansion, or a Big Crunch followed immediately by a Big Bang. The matter and radiation we see today were generated during the most recent collision in a pattern dictated by quantum fluctuations created before the branes. After billions of years the universe reached the state we observe today; after additional billions of years it will ultimately begin to contract again. Dark energy corresponds to a force between the branes, and serves the crucial role of solving the monopole, horizon, and flatness problems. Moreover, the cycles can continue indefinitely", "title": "Cyclic model" }, { "docid": "1328850", "text": "Dweebs is an American sitcom that ran on CBS from September 22 to November 3, 1995. It failed to find an audience and was cancelled after 7 episodes, leaving 3 unaired. Synopsis The show stars Farrah Forke as Carey, a technophobic woman hired to be the office manager of a highly successful software company named Cyberbyte, owned by Warren Mosbey (Peter Scolari). Warren and the other employees (played by actors Stephen Tobolowsky, David Kaufman, Corey Feldman and Adam Biesk), were stereotypical nerds or \"dweebs\", highly intelligent yet socially inept, contrasting with the character of Carey. Holly Fulger also co-starred as Carey's friend, Noreen. Air dates and cancellation Ten episodes were produced but only seven aired in the US between 22 September and 3 November 1995. All 10 episodes aired the following year on Channel 4 in the UK from 29 June to 31 August 1996. Farrah Forke was fresh off her role as Alex Lambert on Wings. She and Stephen Tobolowksy would both appear together again the following year as part of the main cast of the sitcom, Mr. Rhodes, which was co-created by Dweebs creator Peter Noah. It ran for almost twice as many episodes but would also be canceled after only one season. Reception and similarities to later shows The show gained a mixed reception from critics at the time. Variety felt the show had a future if the kinks were worked out. Back in 1995, a sitcom about nerd and computer maniacs was an original idea, and would later be successfully used in shows like The IT Crowd, The Big Bang Theory, and Silicon Valley. An article in Vulture also compared the show to The Big Bang Theory and Silicon Valley and called it a trailblazer. The article said the show was \"quite possibly the first American sitcom to focus its attention on the tech world and the integration of computers into daily life\" and was \"practically avant garde for its time.\" The show was arguably very ahead of its time, released right in the middle of a booming interest in IT in the mid-'90s, and perhaps its early cancelation indicates it was too ahead of its time. As Vulture noted, the show \"existed at a time when a substantial portion of America, but by no means a majority (or even close), was computer-savvy\". Cast Farrah Forke as Carey Peter Scolari as Warren Mosbey Stephen Tobolowsky as Karl Corey Feldman as Vic David Kaufman as Morley Adam Biesk as Todd Holly Fulger as Noreen Episodes References External links Pazsaz Entertainment Network page 1990s American sitcoms Television series by Warner Bros. Television Studios 1995 American television series debuts 1995 American television series endings American English-language television shows Television shows set in Seattle CBS sitcoms", "title": "Dweebs (TV series)" }, { "docid": "33644165", "text": "\"Soft Kitty\" is a children's song, popularized by the characters Sheldon and Penny in the American sitcom The Big Bang Theory, and which elsewhere may be rendered as \"Warm Kitty.\" A 2015 copyright lawsuit alleged the words to \"Warm Kitty\" were written by Edith Newlin; however, the lawsuit was dismissed because the court found that the plaintiffs failed to show they had a valid claim. In The Big Bang Theory, the song is described by Sheldon as a song sung by his mother when he is ill. The lyrics on The Big Bang Theory are: \"Soft kitty, warm kitty, little ball of fur! Happy kitty, sleepy kitty, purr purr purr!\" A scene in an episode of Young Sheldon, the prequel series to The Big Bang Theory, depicts the origin of the song. This aired on February 1, 2018, and shows Sheldon's mother Mary singing the song to her son, who is suffering with the flu. Origin The song is originally based on a Polish lullaby, Wlazł kotek na płotek (\"The kitten climbed the fence\"). The lyrics were noted by folklorist Oskar Kolberg in 1837, and the tune was first published by Stanisław Moniuszko in 1849, based on a Polish folksong. Władysław Syrokomla and Wiktor Każyński published a version of this song in 1857, in Pieśniach ludu polskiego (\"Songs of the Polish people\"). Versions of the song have been released by Australian children's performer Patsy Biscoe, and by the long-running ABC children's program Play School—a recording sung by Philip Quast and Barbara Frawley was released on the show's 1993 album The Best of Play School, which predates The Big Bang Theory and has the lyrics reversed, instead going: \"Warm kitty, soft kitty, little ball of fur. Sleepy kitty, happy kitty, purr purr purr.\" The song remains part of Play Schools catalog of children's songs regularly performed on the program: the show's presenters occasionally perform the song for their young viewers. Copyright lawsuit In December 2015, the heirs of Edith Newlin filed a lawsuit against the various companies associated with The Big Bang Theory, claiming that the words and music to the song appeared in the book Songs for the Nursery School published in 1937 by Willis Music Company, based on a poem by Newlin; the copyright to the book was renewed in 1964. The website for Willis Music states: The suit by Newlin's daughters, on the other hand, claimed that they held the copyright. Furthermore, they alleged that they did not authorize the use of the lyrics, that Willis Music did not have permission to authorize others to use the lyrics, and that the lyrics had been used not only in the television series but on various kinds of program-associated merchandise without proper permission. On March 27, 2017, US District Court Judge Naomi Reice Buchwald dismissed the suit, holding that the plaintiffs had not shown that they held a copyright on their mother's lyrics: \"They have failed to establish that they own a valid copyright as necessary to state a copyright", "title": "Soft Kitty" }, { "docid": "53383847", "text": "The Beginning and End of the Universe is a two-part British television series outlining the theory of the beginning of the universe and the theories about its ending. Episodes Episode One: The Beginning This episode, exploring theories of how the universe came into being, outlines the realisation of Edwin Hubble that the universe is expanding, and the discovery of the residual radiation that gave weight to the Big Bang theory. It also highlights some lesser known theorists including Georges Lemaître, who first theorised that there was a big bang, Ralph Alpher, who stated that the light from this should be detectable, and Cecilia Payne, who calculated that hydrogen and helium were the dominant elements in the universe. The episode concludes at the Large Hadron Collider, where physicists create matter in a similar manner to the Big Bang. Episode Two: The End This episode explores the theories of the big crunch, the big rip and the big freeze, that are postulated by physicists as possible fates for the universe. Al-Khalili indicates that the difficulty in understanding this is our limited ability to comprehend something of such immensity both physically and philosophically. So, rather than suggesting an answer, he provides the historical background for how we came to know what we know, such as how elements are forged inside stars and how gravity provides the key to the fate of the universe, and what we don't know, such as the nature of dark matter and dark energy. Reception Jack Seale, writing for The Guardian, commends the Al-Khalili for, \"his usual mix of spectacular locations, clear explanations, a few gags and the stories of scientists who made crucial breakthroughs.\" Gary Rose, writing for RadioTimes however points out that while Al-Khalili is \"as watchable as ever\", this series, unlike his earlier series Atom, covers well-trodden ground and while there are \"oodles of graphs and stats,\" which he explains, \"with seemingly effortless lucidity,\" regular viewers of Horizon, \"might be immune to the barrage of cosmic stats.\" References External links The Beginning and End of the Universe at OpenLearn 2016 British television series debuts 2016 British television series endings 2010s British documentary television series BBC high definition shows BBC television documentaries about history BBC television documentaries about science Documentary films about the history of science Historical television series History of electrical engineering British English-language television shows BBC television miniseries 2010s British television miniseries Documentary films about outer space", "title": "The Beginning and End of the Universe" }, { "docid": "4298363", "text": "Big Bang: The most important scientific discovery of all time and why you need to know about it is a book written by Simon Singh and published in 2004 by Fourth Estate. Big Bang chronicles the history and development of the Big Bang model of the universe, from the ancient Greek scientists who first measured the distance to the Sun to the 20th century detection of the cosmic radiation still echoing the dawn of time. The book discusses how different theories of the universe evolved, along with a personal look at the people involved. Before Big Bang theories The book takes up how the inaccuracies of the theories of Copernicus and Galileo lead them to be dismissed. Copernicus and Galileo used false arguments to persuade people that the Earth went in circles around the Sun, and that the Sun was the center of the universe. Both these statements were alien to the public at the time, and are still alien to a modern public. Only the finally mathematically correct interpretation of Johannes Kepler made the theories accepted, within a single generation. As Singh points out, the old generation must die before a new theory can be accepted. The Big Bang theory evolves In parallel to the evolution of the Big Bang theory, the book tells the personal stories of the people who played a part in advancing it, both by hypothesis and by experiment. These include Albert Einstein, for his General Relativity, Alexander Alexandrovich Friedman for first discovering that this theory led to an expanding universe, Georges Lemaître who concluded independently of Friedman discovered an expanding universe, and then that the theory must lead to an initial event of creation, which is the Big Bang theory we know today, Edwin Hubble for observing that the universe expanded, thereby confirming Friedman and Lemaître, George Gamow, Ralph Asher Alpher, Robert Herman, Martin Ryle, Arno Allan Penzias and Robert Woodrow Wilson, among many others. Another theme of the book is the scientific method itself: how serendipity, curiosity, theory and observation come together to expand our understanding of the world. One of the most interesting points in the book is how Einstein initially dismissed the theory out of hand. Such was his authority in the scientific community that none dared oppose him, thereby stifling research in this area for many years. However, when Hubble confirmed the theory, Einstein was quick to endorse both Lemaître and his theories. Reception William Grimes of The New York Times praised Singh's ability to retain the reader's entertainment and comprehension even whilst explaining difficult scientific concepts, through use of diagrams, writing and illustrations. He wrote that, \"[m]ore than the history of a single theory, [Big Bang] is an argument for the scientific method and for the illuminating power of human reason.\" References External links \"Big Bang\" web page at Simon Singh's site Big Bang at GoogleBooks 2004 non-fiction books Astronomy books Books by Simon Singh Popular physics books English-language books Cosmology books Fourth Estate books Books about the history", "title": "Big Bang (Singh book)" } ]	[ "Chuck Lorre", "Bill Prady" ]
train_31306	when was daylight savings time created in the usa	[ { "docid": "4216993", "text": "There are eleven time zones in Russia, which currently observe times ranging from UTC+02:00 to UTC+12:00. Daylight saving time (DST) has not been used in Russia since 26 October 2014. From 27 March 2011 to 26 October 2014, permanent DST was used. List of zones Since 27 December 2020, the time zones are as follows: Daylight saving time Daylight saving time in Russia was originally introduced on 1 July [14 July, ] 1917 by a decree of the Russian Provisional Government. However, it was abandoned by a decree of the Soviet government six months later. Daylight saving time was re-introduced in the USSR in 1981, beginning on 1 April and ending on 1 October each year, until mid-1984, when the USSR began following European daylight saving time rules, moving clocks forward one hour at 02:00 local standard time on the last Sunday in March, and back one hour at 03:00 local daylight saving time on the last Sunday in September until 1995, after which the change back occurred on the last Sunday in October. On 27 March 2011, clocks were advanced as usual, but they did not go back on 30 October 2011, effectively making Moscow Time UTC+04:00 permanently. On 26 October 2014, following another change in the law, the clocks in most of the country were moved back one hour, but summer daylight saving time was not reintroduced; Moscow Time returned to UTC+03:00 permanently. History Russian Empire In the Russian Empire, most of the nation observed solar time. From 1740s to 1867, Alaska belonged to Russia (Russian America) which used the Julian calendar, which was 11 or 12 days behind the Gregorian calendar (as used by the rest of Russia) and had local times up to GMT+15:10. The westernmost area of Russia was Congress Poland, with local times down to GMT+01:10. During the late 19th century, Moscow Mean Time was introduced on 1 January [13 January, N.S.] 1880, originally at GMT+02:30:17. 2:30:17 corresponds to 37.6166667°, the longitude of Moscow. Other parts of Russia kept solar time for several years. Russia adopted the Gregorian calendar in 1918, when Wednesday 31 January (O.S.) was followed by Thursday 14 February (N.S.), which dropped 13 days from the calendar. Soviet Union After the Soviet Union was created, Moscow Time became UTC+02:00 and the various other time zones (up to UTC+12:00) were introduced throughout Russia and the rest of the Soviet Union, for example Irkutsk Time UTC+07:00 (Irkutsk has since this always been MSK+5). Between 1917 and 1922 the time was less ordered, with daylight saving time some of those years, some with two hours addition, and some of those years with one or two hours extra winter time. On 21 June 1930, the Soviet Union advanced all clocks by one hour, effectively making the nation run on daylight saving time all year (the so-called decree time). On 1 April 1981, 00:00:00, Oymyakonsky District changed its time zone from MSK+6 to MSK+8. The change occurred during DST effectively changing the offset from UTC+09:00 to", "title": "Time in Russia" }, { "docid": "33464417", "text": "In Canada, daylight saving time (DST) is observed in nine of the country's ten provinces and two of its three territories—though with exceptions in parts of several provinces and Nunavut. Under the Canadian Constitution, laws related to timekeeping are a provincial and territorial matter. Most of Saskatchewan, despite geographically being in the Mountain Time Zone, observes year-round Central Standard Time (CST). In 2020, Yukon abandoned seasonal time change and moved to permanently observe year-round Mountain Standard Time (MST). In the regions of Canada that use daylight saving time, it begins on the second Sunday of March at 2 a.m. and ends on the first Sunday in November at 2 a.m. As a result, daylight saving time lasts in Canada for a total of 34 weeks (238 days) every year, about 65 percent of the entire year. History Port Arthur, Ontario (now part of Thunder Bay), was the first municipality in the world to enact daylight saving time, on July 1, 1908. (Germany later became the first country to adopt the time change, on April 30, 1916.) Five Canadian cities, by local ordinance, subsequently used daylight saving time before 1918: Regina, Saskatchewan, on April 23, 1914; Brandon and Winnipeg, Manitoba on April 24, 1916;; Halifax, Nova Scotia on May 1, 1916; Hamilton, Ontario on June 4, 1916. St. John's, Newfoundland (now Newfoundland and Labrador), also used DST before 1918, but the province itself did not become part of Canada until 1949. In practice, since the late 1960s, DST across Canada has been closely or completely synchronized with its observance in the United States to facilitate consistent economic and social interaction. When daylight time became standardized across the US in 1966 when Congress passed the Uniform Time Act, Canada soon followed. DST ended in October until 1986, when the end of the period was changed to November. When the United States extended DST in 1987 to the first Sunday in April, all DST-observing Canadian jurisdictions followed suit. The latest United States change (the Energy Policy Act of 2005), adding parts of March and November to the period during which DST is observed starting in 2007, was adopted by the various provinces and territories on the following dates: Ontario and Manitoba – October 20, 2005 Quebec – December 5, 2005 Prince Edward Island – December 6, 2005 New Brunswick – December 23, 2005 Alberta – February 2, 2006 Northwest Territories – March 4, 2006 British Columbia – March 31, 2006 Nova Scotia – April 25, 2006 Yukon – July 14, 2006 Newfoundland and Labrador – November 20, 2006, but officially announced on January 18, 2007 Nunavut – February 19, 2007 Saskatchewan – No official action was taken as almost all of the province does not observe daylight saving time and remains on CST year-round. However, the few places in the province that do observe daylight saving (Lloydminster and the surrounding area, which straddles the Alberta border and observes Mountain Time; and Creighton, which observes daylight saving on an unofficial basis due to its", "title": "Daylight saving time in Canada" }, { "docid": "1957957", "text": "The Yukon Time Zone was a formerly observed time zone that kept standard time; Yukon Standard Time (YST) was obtained by subtracting nine hours from Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) resulting in UTC−09:00. Yukon Daylight Time (YDT) when observed was eight hours behind UTC. In 1983 the UTC−09:00 based time zone was restructured, and it was renamed the Alaska Time Zone in 1984. Yukon currently observes Mountain Time Zone and does not observe daylight-saving time. Extent and history When it was created, the Yukon Time Zone included Yukon, and a small region around Yakutat, Alaska (Alaska had been spread across four different time zones at the time). Yukon, which had adopted Yukon Standard Time in 1900, observed a one-hour advance in 1918 and 1919, and again year-round from February 1942 to September 1945 (Yukon War Time then, after V-J Day, Yukon Prevailing Time). In 1965, from the last Sunday in April to the last Sunday in September, double daylight time a two-hour advance was observed. On July 1, 1966, most of the Yukon switched to Pacific Standard Time (PST), which is UTC−08:00, leaving Dawson City and Old Crow on Yukon time. The remaining area changed to the Pacific Time Zone on October 28, 1973, leaving only Yakutat on the Yukon Time Zone. On October 30, 1983, coincident with the end of daylight saving time, Alaska switched in 1983 from four time zones to two time zones. The areas east of Yakutat set clocks back two hours to change from Pacific Daylight Time to what had been Yukon Standard Time, UTC−09:00, and the time zone was named Alaska Standard Time at the end of November 1984. Yakutat only set clocks back one hour on that date. Most of the remaining longitudes of Alaska left their clocks unchanged on that date, changing from Alaska-Hawaii Daylight Time (UTC−09:00) to the new Alaska Standard Time (UTC−09:00). Some areas that had been on Bering Time (UTC−11:00 in winter, UTC−10:00 in summer) such as Nome set their clocks ahead yet another hour on October 30, 1983 to adopt Alaska Standard Time (the former Yukon Standard Time), effectively changing their standard time zone by two hours. Most of the Aleutian Islands moved from the Bering Time Zone (UTC−11:00) to the Hawaii-Aleutian Standard Time Zone (UTC−10:00) (which was known as the Alaska-Hawaii Standard Time Zone until 1984.) See also Time in Canada Notes References 1983 disestablishments in Alaska Political history of Alaska Time in Canada Time zones in the United States Time zones 1900 establishments in Yukon", "title": "Yukon Time Zone" }, { "docid": "16190896", "text": "Most of the United States observes daylight saving time, the practice of setting the clock forward by one hour when there is longer daylight during the day, so that evenings have more daylight and mornings have less. Exceptions include Arizona (except for the Navajo, who do observe daylight saving time in the Navajo Nation), Hawaii, and the territories of American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and the United States Virgin Islands. The Uniform Time Act of 1966 established the system of uniform daylight saving time throughout the US. In the U.S., daylight saving time starts on the second Sunday in March and ends on the first Sunday in November, with the time changes taking place at 2:00 a.m. local time. With a mnemonic word play referring to seasons, clocks \"spring forward, fall back\"—that is, in springtime the clocks are moved forward from 2:00 a.m. to 3:00 a.m. and in fall they are moved back from 2:00 a.m. to 1:00 a.m. Daylight saving time lasts for a total of 34 weeks (238 days) every year, about 65% of the entire year. , Federal law supports switching between daylight saving time and standard time twice a year, despite some unsuccessful efforts to do away with it. In 2022, the United States Senate passed the Sunshine Protection Act which would permanently activate daylight saving time, but it was not approved by the U.S. House of Representatives. The following table lists recent past and near future starting and ending dates of daylight saving time in the United States (in states that observe daylight saving time): History of DST in the United States Benjamin Franklin proposed a form of daylight time in 1784. Writing as an anonymous \"subscriber\", his tongue-in-cheek essay, \"An Economical Project for Diminishing the Cost of Light\", written to the editor of The Journal of Paris, observed that Parisians could save on candles by getting out of bed earlier in the morning, making use of the natural morning light instead. By his calculations, the total savings by the citizens of Paris would be the approximate equivalent of $200 million today. Franklin's suggestion seems to have been more of a joke than a real proposal, and nothing came of it. 1916–1966: Early, inconsistent use During World War I, in an effort to conserve fuel, Germany began observing DST on May 1, 1916. The rest of Europe soon followed. The plan was not adopted in the United States until the Standard Time Act of March 19, 1918, which confirmed the existing standard time zone system and set summer DST to begin on March 31, 1918 (reverting October 27). The idea was unpopular, especially with farmers because DST meant they had less time in the morning to get their milk and harvested crops to market. Congress abolished DST after the war, overriding President Woodrow Wilson's veto. DST became a local option. New York City continued to observe a metropolitan DST, while rural areas outside the city did not. Because of NYC's position", "title": "Daylight saving time in the United States" }, { "docid": "580201", "text": "The Uniform Time Act of 1966, , was a Law of the United States to \"promote the adoption and observance of uniform time within the standard time zones\" prescribed by the Standard Time Act of 1918. Its intended effect was to simplify the official pattern of where and when daylight saving time (DST) is applied within the U.S. Prior to this law, each state had its own scheme for when DST would begin and end, and in some cases, which parts of the state should use it. History The law, as originally written, required states that observe DST to begin it at 2 a.m. local time on the last Sunday in April, and to end it at 2 a.m. local time on the last Sunday in October and explicitly preempted all state laws related to daylight saving time per the weights and measures power given to Congress in Article 1, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution. In 1972, the act was amended to allow states with more than one timezone to exempt only one timezone from DST, in addition to exempting the whole state. The law was later amended again in 1986 to move the uniform start date for DST to the first Sunday in April (effective 1987). The latest amendment, part of the Energy Policy Act of 2005, extends DST by four or five weeks by moving the uniform start date for DST to the second Sunday in March and the end date to the first Sunday in November (effective 2007). The Department of Energy was required to report to Congress the impact of the DST extension by December 1, 2007 (nine months after the statute took effect). The report, released in October 2008, reported a nationwide electricity savings of 0.03% for the year of 2007. Specifications The law does not require that all states observe DST. Individual states may exempt themselves from DST and observe standard time year-round by passing a state law, provided: if the state lies entirely within a time zone, that the exemption apply statewide, or if the state is divided by a time zone boundary, that the exemption apply statewide or to the entire part of the state on one side of the boundary. Non-observers The state of Hawaii has never observed daylight saving, even during World War II when \"War Time\" was observed by other states as an energy saving measure. The territories of the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, and U.S. Virgin Islands also do not observe Daylight Saving Time. Observance of daylight saving varied by county in Indiana, which is divided by the Eastern/Central time zone boundary, until April 2, 2006, when the entire state once again observed DST, a first since Congress repealed the Standard Time Act of 1918. Arizona has not observed daylight saving since the year following the enactment of the Uniform Time Act of 1966. Native American nations within Arizona may choose. The Navajo Nation has chosen to use daylight saving throughout its territory,", "title": "Uniform Time Act" }, { "docid": "56838287", "text": "The Sunshine Protection Act is a proposed United States federal law that would make U.S. daylight saving time permanent, meaning the time would no longer change twice per year. The bill has been proposed during several sessions of Congress. In 2022, the Senate passed the bill by unanimous consent, although several senators stated later that they would have objected if they had known that the bill could pass. No iteration of the bill has passed the House. Background Time zones were first introduced in the United States in 1883 by railroad companies. In 1918, they were codified into federal law by the Standard Time Act, which also included a provision for nationwide daylight saving time modeled after European laws designed to save energy during World War I, but that component was repealed a year later due to protests by farmers. Many states subsequently introduced daylight saving time, and in 1966, the Uniform Time Act standardized the dates when it begins and ends. Hawaii, most of Arizona, and the U.S. territories have opted to observe permanent standard time, but the Uniform Time Act forbids observation of permanent daylight saving time. The Emergency Daylight Saving Time Energy Conservation Act enacted year-round daylight saving time for a two-year experiment from January 6, 1974, to April 7, 1975, but Congress later ended the experiment early on October 27, 1974, and did not make it permanent due to unfavorable public opinion, especially regarding concerns about children walking to school and waiting for school buses on dark winter mornings. In the late 2010s, resolutions were passed in more than 30 states advocating for the federal government to abolish the annual transitions. Provisions The Sunshine Protection Act would establish a permanent daylight saving time in the U.S., leading to later sunrises and sunsets during the four months in which most of the U.S. currently observes standard time, resulting in less sunlight in the morning hours and more sunlight in the evening ones. It would not mandate that states and territories that observe permanent standard time (American Samoa, most of Arizona, Guam, Hawaii, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands) switch to permanent daylight saving time. Legislative history The Sunshine Protection Act was first introduced in 2018 by U.S. senator Marco Rubio (), modeled after a 2018 Florida bill of the same name. U.S. president Donald Trump tweeted that he would be willing to sign it, but it failed to advance. A reintroduction in 2019 by Vern Buchanan () similarly failed. The 2021 iteration was filed in the U.S. House of Representatives by Buchanan on January 4, 2021, and in the U.S. Senate by Rubio on March 9, 2021. The bill received bipartisan support, and was cosponsored in the Senate by James Lankford (), Roy Blunt (), Sheldon Whitehouse (), Ron Wyden, (); Cindy Hyde-Smith, (), Rick Scott (), and Ed Markey (). It passed the Senate by unanimous consent on March 15, 2022. Two days later, BuzzFeed News reported that many senators were not aware", "title": "Sunshine Protection Act" }, { "docid": "6411020", "text": "The Daylight Saving Act of 1917 was enacted by the Dominion of Newfoundland to adopt daylight saving time (DST), thus making it one of the first jurisdictions in North America to do so, only a year after the United Kingdom on May 21, 1916. DST was not instituted in the United States until March 31, 1918. History While living in Paris in 1784, Benjamin Franklin wrote a satirical essay, in which he suggested that Parisians get up earlier in the morning. Modern DST was first proposed by the New Zealand entomologist George Vernon Hudson in 1895. William Willett, a London building contractor, independently invented DST and pitched it to the British Parliament in 1907. In that same year Willett spoke with John Anderson, who was on a business trip in Britain, and explained to him the benefits of adopting DST and its economic benefits. Germany and its allies were the first European countries to adopt DST in 1916, followed quickly by the United Kingdom and many other western European countries, all in an effort to save fuel during the First World War. Upon his return to Newfoundland, Anderson became a strong proponent of daylight saving time and three times introduced a bill to the Legislative Council for its adoption. The first two attempts, in 1909 and 1910, failed. In 1917, spurred on perhaps by the recent adoptions of DST in Europe, Anderson introduced a third bill which passed on June 17, 1917. The new law stated that at nine o'clock in the evening of the second Sunday in June clocks would be put ahead to ten o'clock and would not be turned back until the last Sunday in September. It is not clear exactly when clocks were put ahead in 1917, as the bill became law one week after DST was scheduled to take effect. In St. John's DST was first applied on April 8, 1917, by virtue of a local ordinance. DST in Newfoundland came to be known as \"Anderson’s Time\", at least in the years immediately following its adoption. Daylight-saving time remained a provincial jurisdiction in Newfoundland since 1949. In 1952, the timing was changed such that it began just after midnight of the last Sunday in April and ended at midnight of the last Sunday in September. In 1970, it was extended to the midnight of the last Sunday in October. References Politics of Newfoundland and Labrador 1917 in Canadian law Daylight saving time in Canada Law of the Dominion of Newfoundland 1910s in Newfoundland 1917 in North America", "title": "Daylight Saving Act of 1917" } ]	[ { "docid": "22061847", "text": "Daylight Saving for South East Queensland (DS4SEQ) was a political party in Queensland, Australia. It was a single-issue party, run by volunteers, that advocated the introduction of Daylight Saving into Queensland, or at the very least into South East Queensland under a dual-time zone arrangement - with the remainder of the state to maintain standard time. The party proposed a possible dual time zone, which included the following 15 local and regional government areas: Brisbane, Fraser Coast, Gold Coast, Goondiwindi, Gympie, Ipswich, Lockyer, Logan, Moreton Bay, Redland, Scenic Rim, Somerset, Southern Downs, Sunshine Coast, and Toowoomba. The party was officially registered with the Electoral Commission of Queensland (ECQ) in December 2008 and was not registered with the Australian Electoral Commission. In August 2012, DS4SEQ submitted a request to the ECQ to deregister the party, and this process was finalised in October 2012. DS4SEQ maintains a presence as a lobby group and may potentially re-register as a political party in the future. Jason Furze was leader of the party from December 2008 until June 2011. Actions Elections 2009 Queensland state election The party contested the March 2009 Queensland State election with 32 candidates. DS4SEQ received one percent of the statewide primary vote, equating to around 2.5% across the 32 electorates contested. Their highest result was 4.6 percent in the electorate of Surfers Paradise on the Gold Coast. On 8 March 2009, DS4SEQ launched their election campaign with a stunt on the Queensland and New South Wales state border. The party visually demonstrated how the absence of daylight saving impacts Gold Coast residents. The DS4SEQ team mowed grass on the New South Wales side of Boundary Street, where it was 8am. Less than a metre away on Queensland soil, the time was 7am, where a DS4SEQ member attempted to sleep, acknowledging the fact that council laws do not permit lawn mowing or other relatively noisy activities before 8am on Sunday. 2012 Queensland state election DS4SEQ did not contest the 2012 Queensland state election. 2012 South Brisbane by-election DS4SEQ contested the 2012 South Brisbane by-election, endorsing local resident and businesswoman, Penny Panorea. The party finished fourth out of eight candidates, gaining 3.7 percent of the primary vote. This result is three times greater than the 1.2% the party achieved in 2009, when they last contested the electorate. Lobbying Daylight Saving for South East Queensland Private Members Bill In early 2010, DS4SEQ approached Independent Member Peter Wellington to introduce a private members Bill. As Wellington agreed with the principles of the DS4SEQ proposal, he introduced the Daylight Saving for South East Queensland Referendum Bill 2010 into Queensland Parliament on 14 April 2010. The Premier of Queensland, Anna Bligh, responded by announcing a community consultation process, which resulted in over 74,000 respondents participating, 64 percent of whom voted in favour of a trial of daylight saving and 63% were also in favour of holding a referendum. As part of the consultation, DS4SEQ made a formal submission on behalf of its members and supporters. During the", "title": "Daylight Saving for South East Queensland" }, { "docid": "24639941", "text": "The 2009 Western Australian daylight saving referendum was held on 16 May 2009 in the Australian state of Western Australia to decide if daylight saving time should be adopted. It was the fourth such proposal which had been put to Western Australian voters and followed a three-year trial period. The referendum resulted in the proposal being rejected, with 54.56% voting against the proposal. Background Various states and territories in Australia adopted daylight saving time between 1968 and 1971, but Queensland, the Northern Territory and Western Australia did not do so. In Western Australia, three referendums were held in 1975, 1984 and 1992 on the issue, with daylight saving being rejected each time. On 25 October 2006, two members of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly, former Labor minister turned independent member John D'Orazio and Liberal leader Matt Birney, introduced a private members' bill for a three-year trial of daylight saving to begin in December 2006. The Labor government of Western Australia backed the trial and both main parties agreed to hold a free vote on the issue. Farming groups quickly came out against the move, along with the mining lobby, but the move was backed by business groups. The bill was approved by the lower house 37-14 and then by the upper house 21–10, enabling the trial to start from 3 December. During 2007 there was growing opposition to daylight saving time with some in the National Party calling for people to ignore the trial. In October 2007 the Liberal Party proposed a bill to bring the referendum forward to early 2008 because of the backlash against daylight saving, and a petition was signed by 66,000 people supporting holding the referendum in 2008. However this was not successful and the referendum was called for 16 May 2009. Question The question voted on in the referendum was: Are you in favour of daylight saving being introduced in Western Australia by standard time in the State being advanced one hour from the last Sunday in October 2009 until the last Sunday in March 2010 and in similar fashion for each following year? Campaign Business groups were among the main supporters of daylight saving time and financed the 'yes' campaign. The 'yes' campaign argued that it would make dealing with businesses from the east of Australia easier during the summer as it would reduce the time difference. They also put the case that with daylight saving time, families would be able to spend more time together outdoors after work while it was still light. Opposition was strongest in rural areas of Western Australia with farmers arguing that it caused problems for them. Opponents argued that daylight saving led to more deaths on the roads and that it was inconvenient for families. With daylight saving they also said that electricity consumption was increased, damaging the environment. Campaigning was intense during the week before the poll. On 11 May, the WA Farmers Federation claimed the Electoral Commission was biased as, while voters were instructed to write", "title": "2009 Western Australian daylight saving referendum" }, { "docid": "33472546", "text": "African countries, apart from Egypt, do not use daylight saving time (DST) although some did in the past. Only the territories of the Canary Islands, Ceuta and Melilla (Spain) and Madeira (Portugal) implement DST from the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in October. Although these regions politically belong to Europe, they are geographically part of Africa. They have DST schedules according to European Union rules. African countries that used to use DST Egypt The British first instituted daylight saving time in Egypt during the Second World War, specifically between 1940 and 1945. The practice was stopped after the war, but resumed 12 years later, in 1957. Egypt normally observed daylight saving time between the last Friday in April and the last Thursday in September when the clocks were three hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time (UTC+3). The change occurred one second after 23:59:59 on Thursday to become 1:00:00 on the last Friday in April shortening the day to 23 hours. Summer time ended one second after 23:59:59 to become 23:00:00 on the last Thursday of September lengthening the day to 25 hours. The date did not change one second after the first 23:59:59 occurred; for all practical purposes, midnight did not occur until after the second 23:59:59. An exception was made for Ramadan; in 2006 the end of DST took place one week earlier, on 21 September 2006, which took place before the start of the holy month of Ramadan. The same practice recurred in 2007 and 2008, to avoid having longer days in Ramadan. In 2009, summer time ended on Thursday, 20 August, five weeks before the nominal end on the last Thursday in September. In 2010, the summer time started on 30 April and ended on 30 September, but between 10 August and 10 September summer time was cancelled because of Ramadan. The previous government was planning to take a decision to abolish it in 2011 before the January 25 Revolution. The transitional government abolished daylight saving time on 20 April 2011. On May 7, 2014, the Egyptian government restored daylight saving time starting on 16 May with an exception for the holy month of Ramadan. From 2015 onwards, Egypt no longer observes it. On April 29, 2016, the Egyptian government made plans to restore daylight saving time starting on July 7, 2016, during Eid al-Fitr, however later on July 4, 2016, the Egyptian government cancelled these plans to re-introduce DST. In March 2023, the Egyptian government announced it would be restoring DST, starting on last Friday of April and ending on the last Thursday of October. Libya Libya observed DST each year from 1982 to 1989, 1997, and 2013. Morocco , daylight saving time (DST) is no longer observed in Morocco, advancing to UTC+01:00 permanently since 2019. Namibia At Independence of Namibia the country inherited the time regulations of South Africa and was in time zone UTC+02:00 all year round. Triggered by fears for school children walking to school before sunrise, Namibian Standard Time,", "title": "Daylight saving time in Africa" }, { "docid": "33464657", "text": "Most of Mexico no longer observes daylight saving time (DST; Spanish: horario de verano) as it was abolished on Sunday, 30 October 2022. The exceptions are the entire state of Baja California, as well as the border municipalities in Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas which still observe daylight savings time matching the schedule of the United States beginning on the second Sunday of March and ending on the first Sunday of November. From 1996 to 2022, DST was observed even in its tropical regions, because of its increasing economic ties to the United States. It observed the schedule used by the United States prior to 2007, with DST beginning on the first Sunday of April and ending on the last Sunday of October. Although the United States changed the schedule for DST beginning in 2007, only certain municipalities located less than 20 km from the border adopted this change. Overview The state of Baja California adopted daylight saving time in 1942, due to the state's close ties to the U.S. state of California. This made Baja California the first Mexican state to observe daylight saving time. The Government of Mexico adopted daylight saving time nationwide in 1996 to decrease energy consumption and to facilitate commerce and tourism with the neighboring United States. In December 2009, Congress gave permission to the municipalities located less than 20 kilometers from the US border to synchronize their time to that of their US counterparts, resulting in these municipalities joining and leaving DST at the same time as the United States, relieving some border problems and confusion. Matamoros, Tamaulipas Reynosa, Tamaulipas Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas Anáhuac, Nuevo León Acuña, Coahuila Piedras Negras, Coahuila Ojinaga, Chihuahua Juárez, Chihuahua All of Baja California Apart from the border municipalities (above), daylight saving time for Mexico began the first Sunday of April, and ended last Sunday of October. A bill was proposed by Rep. Francisco Saracho (PRI) in September 2015 to reduce confusion by modifying the aforementioned DST start and end dates, observed by the rest of the country, to match those observed by the border municipalities (above). The bill was discarded by congress on 29 June 2016. In July 2022, President Andrés Manuel López Obrador proposed a bill to eliminate Daylight Saving Time, after results of a survey showed that 71% of the general public supported the idea. Certain northern border municipalities will continue the practice to remain harmonized with adjacent US states. This bill was passed on 26 October 2022 and came into effect on the following Sunday, 30 October 2022, so that clocks will stay on standard time permanently after that Sunday's shift from daylight time. Baja California The state of Baja California (not Baja California Sur) has observed daylight saving time from several decades ago and until 1996 was the only Mexican state to observe it. As of 2022, Baja California is the only state that continues to observe DST statewide instead of along a limited border region. Sonora The state of Sonora has not", "title": "Daylight saving time in Mexico" }, { "docid": "922843", "text": "Central European Summer Time (CEST, UTC+02:00), sometimes referred to as Central European Daylight Time (CEDT), is the standard clock time observed during the period of summer daylight-saving in those European countries which observe Central European Time (CET; UTC+01:00) during the other part of the year. It corresponds to UTC+02:00, which makes it the same as Eastern European Time, Central Africa Time, South African Standard Time, Egypt Standard Time and Kaliningrad Time in Russia. Names Other names which have been applied to Central European Summer Time are Middle European Summer Time (MEST), Central European Daylight Saving Time (CEDT), and Bravo Time (after the second letter of the NATO phonetic alphabet). Period of observation Since 1996, European Summer Time has been observed between 01:00 UTC (02:00 CET and 03:00 CEST) on the last Sunday of March, and 01:00 UTC on the last Sunday of October; previously the rules were not uniform across the European Union. There were proposals to abandon summer time in Europe from 2021, possibly by moving winter time up by an hour and keeping that time through the year. Usage The following countries and territories regularly use Central European Summer Time: Albania, since 1974 Andorra, since 1985 Austria, since 1980 Belgium, since 1980 Bosnia and Herzegovina, since 1983 when part of Yugoslavia Croatia, since 1983 when part of Yugoslavia Czech Republic, since 1979 when part of Czechoslovakia Denmark (metropolitan), since 1980 France (metropolitan), since 1976 Germany, since 1980 Gibraltar, since 1982 Hungary, since 1980 Italy, since 1968 Kosovo, since 1983 when part of Yugoslavia Liechtenstein, since 1981 Luxembourg, since 1981 Malta, since 1974 Monaco, since 1976 Montenegro, since 1983 when part of Yugoslavia Netherlands, since 1977 North Macedonia, since 1983 when part of Yugoslavia Norway, since 1980 Poland, since 1977 San Marino, since 1966 Serbia, since 1983 when part of Yugoslavia Slovakia, since 1979 when part of Czechoslovakia Slovenia, since 1983 when part of Yugoslavia Spain, since 1974 (except Canary Islands, which instead apply Western European Summer Time) Sweden, since 1980 Switzerland, since 1981 Vatican City, since 1966 The following countries have also used Central European Summer Time in the past: Libya, 1951–1959, 1982–1989, 1996–1997, 2012–2013 Lithuania, 1998–1999 Portugal, 1993–1995 Tunisia, 2005–2008 See also European Summer Time Time zone References Time zones Daylight saving time Time in Europe Geography of Europe", "title": "Central European Summer Time" }, { "docid": "1410084", "text": "Sandringham time is the name given to the idiosyncratic alterations that King Edward VII made to the timekeeping at the royal estate of Sandringham. This time corresponds to UTC+00:30, and was used between 1901 and 1936. Contrary to rumour, it was not begun to assist Queen Alexandra, who was constantly late, but as a form of daylight saving time to \"create\" more evening daylight for hunting in the winter. The King ordered that all the clocks on the estate be set half an hour ahead of Greenwich Mean Time. In later years the practice was also observed at Windsor and Balmoral Castle. The custom of Sandringham time continued after the death of Edward, through the reign of his son King George V. However, because of the confusion that the time difference caused, which was heightened during George's final hours, King Edward VIII abolished the tradition during his brief reign. None of the subsequent monarchs chose to restore the tradition. References Time zones Monarchy of the United Kingdom Time in the United Kingdom Daylight saving time", "title": "Sandringham time" }, { "docid": "496077", "text": "The Mountain Time Zone of North America keeps time by subtracting seven hours from Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) when standard time (UTC−07:00) is in effect, and by subtracting six hours during daylight saving time (UTC−06:00). The clock time in this zone is based on the mean solar time at the 105th meridian west of the Greenwich Observatory. In the United States, the exact specification for the location of time zones and the dividing lines between zones is set forth in the Code of Federal Regulations at 49 CFR 71. In the United States and Canada, this time zone is generically called Mountain Time (MT). Specifically, it is Mountain Standard Time (MST) when observing standard time, and Mountain Daylight Time (MDT) when observing daylight saving time. The term refers to the Rocky Mountains, which range from British Columbia to New Mexico. In Mexico, this time zone is known as the or (\"Pacific Zone\"). In the United States and Canada, the Mountain Time Zone is to the east of the Pacific Time Zone and to the west of the Central Time Zone. In some areas, starting in 2007, the local time changes from MST to MDT at 2am MST to 3am MDT on the second Sunday in March and returns at 2am MDT to 1am MST on the first Sunday in November. Sonora in Mexico and most of Arizona in the United States do not observe daylight saving time (DST), and during the spring, summer, and autumn months they are on the same time as Pacific Daylight Time. The Navajo Nation, most of which lies within Arizona but extends into Utah and New Mexico (which do observe DST), does observe DST, although the Hopi Reservation, as well as some Arizona state offices lying within the Navajo Nation, do not. The largest city in the Mountain Time Zone is Phoenix, Arizona; the Phoenix metropolitan area is the largest metropolitan area in the zone. Canada One province and two territories are fully contained in the Mountain Time Zone: Alberta Northwest Territories Yukon (no DST) On September 24, 2020, Yukon switched to the Mountain Standard Time year-round. Therefore, clocks in Yukon and Alberta are the same in the winter, and Alberta is one hour ahead in summer. Previously, the territory had used the Pacific Time Zone with daylight saving time: UTC−8 in winter and UTC−7 in summer. One province and one territory are split between the Mountain Time Zone and the Pacific Time Zone: British Columbia – northeastern and southeastern regions Northwest Territories – Tungsten One territory and one province are split between the Mountain Time Zone and the Central Time Zone: Nunavut: Kitikmeot Region Saskatchewan: Lloydminster and vicinity Mexico The following states have the same time as Mountain Time Zone: Baja California Sur Nayarit: except for the Bahía de Banderas municipality, which uses the Central Time Zone. Sonora: no daylight saving time, always on MST. Sinaloa Revillagigedo Islands (Colima): three of the four islands have the same time as Mountain Time Zone: Socorro Island,", "title": "Mountain Time Zone" }, { "docid": "24625630", "text": "A referendum was held on 7 April 1984 in the Australian state of Western Australia on the topic of introducing daylight saving. It was the second of four such proposals which have been put to Western Australian voters, and followed a trial over the 1983–1984 summer. The referendum failed to pass, with a 54.35% majority voting against the proposal. Referendum results Question: Are you in favour of the standard time in the State being advanced one hour from the last Sunday in October in each year until the first Sunday in March the following year? References 1984 Western Australian daylight saving referendum Western Australian daylight saving referendum Daylight saving time in Australia Daylight saving referendum, 1984 Western Australian daylight saving referendum", "title": "1984 Western Australian daylight saving referendum" }, { "docid": "67576968", "text": "Time in Poland is given by Central European Time (; CET; UTC+01:00). Daylight saving time, which moves an hour ahead, is observed from the last Sunday in March (02:00 CET) to the last Sunday in October (03:00 CEST). This is shared with several other EU member states. History In the early nineteenth century, Poland observed UTC+01:24 as it was the time corresponding to the offset of their local mean time at the Warsaw meridian, which was also known as Warsaw mean time. Warsaw switched to CET on 5 August 1915, and the rest of Poland officially adopted CET on 31 May 1922. After World War II, daylight saving time was introduced in 1946 by a resolution of the Council of Ministers, though it would be repealed on 21 September 1949. Daylight saving time was in use again between 1957 and 1964, and has been in use since 1977. In 2021, following the European parliament's vote to end daylight saving time, the Centre for Public Opinion Research conducted a survey regarding the time shift, which showed 78 percent of Poles surveyed were not in favour of daylight saving time. Despite this, however, it is not yet known whether the last time change in Poland will occur in 2021 or continue to be observed as there are currently no legal regulations for it. Daylight saving time Daylight saving time, which moves an hour ahead, is observed from the last Sunday in March (02:00 CET) to the last Sunday in October (03:00 CEST). DST has been in use since 1977; however, it was previously used from 1946 to 1949 and 1957 to 1964. Notation Polish people use both the 12-hour clock and 24-hour clock, though the 12-hour clock is more commonly used in speech when unambiguous, with the AM/PM distinction denoted by phrases in Polish when needed; written communication uses 24-hour clock almost universally, including written forms of informal speech and exclusively in official documents. IANA time zone database In the IANA time zone database, Poland is given one zone in the file zone.tab – Europe/Warsaw. Data for Poland directly from zone.tab of the IANA time zone database; columns marked with * are the columns from zone.tab itself: See also Time in Europe List of time zones by country List of time zones by UTC offset References External links Current time in Poland at Time.is Time in Poland at Lonely Planet Time changes in Poland at WorldData.info", "title": "Time in Poland" }, { "docid": "25558205", "text": "Nunavut is divided into three time zones: Eastern, Central and Mountain. Mountain Standard Time Mountain Standard Time MST GMT−7 all communities in the Kitikmeot Region, and all portions of the Kivalliq Region West of 102° West Central Standard Time Central Standard Time CST GMT−6 Between 85° West and 102° West, (Resolute, Repulse Bay, Baker Lake, west shore of Hudson Bay), except on Southampton Island. Eastern Standard Time Eastern Standard Time EST GMT−5 East of 85° West* (Sanikiluaq, Cape Dorset, Hall Beach, Igloolik, Arctic Bay, Grise Fiord and all points east), except Southampton Island, which does not observe daylight saving time. History When the territory was created in 1999, the new government believed a unified time zone would make it easier for its citizens to conduct business. Public hearings noted there was support for this idea, although disagreement as to which time zone to observe. The territorial government announced that effective October 31, 1999 all clocks would change to Central Standard Time. Iqaluit, the capital located in the far eastern edge of the Eastern time zone, was unhappy with this decision. The city council voted against the measure and vowed to keep the city on Eastern time. As late October 1999 approached the city council backed down and agreed to accept the change to Central time \"in the spirit of working with the Nunavut government\". They agreed to review the decision in six months. After hearing complaints from a number of communities in late 1999 and early 2000 the government modified the time zone. They announced the territory would now be on Eastern Standard Time year round, daylight saving time would no longer be observed. The change would be effective October 29, 2000. Many western communities supplied from the south by communities on Mountain time felt this put them too much out of synchronisation with their neighbours. After some debate it was decided the far western communities would be allowed to change back to Central time on November 4, 2000. However they would observe daylight saving time in the summer. This would unify Nunavut with one time in the summer and keep western communities a constant one-hour difference from their southern neighbours. On November 6, 2000, the territorial government announced that Kugluktuk and Cambridge Bay would be the only two communities that would continue to change their clocks twice a year. In April 2001 Nunavut reverted to the three previous time zones it inherited from the Northwest Territories administration of the region, thus meaning its time zones had changed four times in a 17-month period. The only community to keep its clocks on standard time year-round (without adjusting twice a year for daylight saving time) was Coral Harbour on Southampton Island, which had not observed DST going back well before the creation of Nunavut. In 2007, most of the United States and Canada increased the number of weeks each year when daylight saving time would be in effect. Those areas of Nunavut that observed daylight saving time followed suit. Whereas previously", "title": "Time in Nunavut" }, { "docid": "26449290", "text": "South Korea has one time zone, Korea Standard Time (GMT+9), which is abbreviated KST. South Korea currently does not observe daylight saving time. From May 8 to October 9 in 1988, daylight saving time was tested to better accommodate the calendar of competitions held during the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul. History In 1434, inventor Jang Yeong-sil developed Korea's first automatic water clock, which King Sejong adapted as Korea's standard timekeeper. It is likely that Koreans used water clocks to keep time prior to this invention, but no concrete records of them exist. In 1437, Jang Yeong-sil, with Jeong Cho, created a bowl-shaped sundial called the angbu ilgu (), which King Sejong had placed in public so anyone could use it. Geographically, the western parts of Korea, including the South Korean capital city, Seoul, are GMT+08:00. In 1908, the Korean Empire adopted a standard time, GMT+08:30. In 1912, during the Japanese occupation of Korea, the Governor-General of Korea changed standard time to GMT+09:00 to align with Japan Standard Time. However, in 1954, the South Korean government under President Syngman Rhee reverted the standard time to GMT+08:30. Then in 1961, under the military government of President Park Chung-hee, the standard time was changed back to GMT+09:00 once again. In order to accommodate American television viewers, South Korea observed daylight saving time (GMT+10:00) when Seoul hosted the 1988 Summer Olympics. The one-hour time change meant that many daytime events could be broadcast live from South Korea when it was prime time on the U.S. east coast. North Korea also uses Korea Standard Time. From August 2015 to May 2018, North Korea changed its time zone to GMT+08:30, a time zone known as Pyongyang Standard Time, but the change was reverted to promote Korean unity. IANA time zone database The IANA time zone database contains one zone for South Korea in the file zone.tab, named Asia/Seoul. References South Korea", "title": "Time in South Korea" }, { "docid": "33469653", "text": "Daylight saving time in the Americas is the arrangement in the Americas by which clocks are advanced by one hour in spring and moved back in autumn, to make the most of seasonal daylight. The practice is widespread in North America, with most of Canada and the United States participating, but much less so in Central and South America. North America Canada and the United States Canada and the United States use daylight saving time on a wide scale, with only a few provinces/states, or parts of them, opting out of the practice or adopting it year-round without a twice-yearly switch. The Canadian province of Saskatchewan and the territory of Yukon do not observe daylight saving time. Saskatchewan remains on Central Standard Time (CST), although, geographically, they are in the Mountain Time Zone, and Yukon remains on Mountain Standard Time (MST) all year long. The US territories of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands remain on Atlantic Standard Time (AST) all year long, so clocks in those territories match those in New York City during the summer and Bermuda in the winter. The states of Hawaii and Arizona do not observe daylight saving time. Hawaii stays on Hawaiian Standard time year round, Arizona stays on Mountain Standard time year round except for the Navajo Nation which observes Mountain Daylight Time (MDT). Since 2007, in areas of Canada and the United States in which it is used, daylight saving time begins on the second Sunday of March and ends on the first Sunday of November. On March 15, 2022, the United States Senate passed the Sunshine Protection Act by unanimous consent. If passed by the House of Representatives, the law would place the United States under Daylight Time year-round. Mexico Mexico observed daylight saving time (DST; Spanish: horario de verano) nationwide from 1996 to 2022, even in its tropical regions, because of its increasing economic ties to the United States. It previously observed the schedule used by the United States prior to 2007, with DST beginning on the first Sunday of April and ending on the last Sunday of October. Although the United States changed the schedule for DST beginning in 2007, only certain municipalities in Mexico, located less than 20 km from the border adopted this change. The rest of the country continued to follow the original schedule before abolishing DST on Sunday, 30 October 2022. The border municipalities that changed to observe the U.S. schedule continue to do so, beginning DST on the second Sunday of March and ending it on the first Sunday of November. Saint Pierre and Miquelon Saint Pierre and Miquelon, located near the Canadian coast, belongs to France, but observes daylight saving time according to Canadian rules. Greenland Greenland (excluding two minor areas at Danmarkshavn and Pituffik) observes DST and uses the European convention (DST begins 01:00 UTC last Sunday in March and ends 01:00 UTC last Sunday in October). Most populated places in the country are in the UTC−02:00 zone in the winter (UTC−01:00", "title": "Daylight saving time in the Americas" }, { "docid": "2659710", "text": "UTC+14:00 is an identifier for a time offset from UTC of +14:00. This is the earliest time zone on Earth, meaning that areas in this zone are the first to see a new day, and therefore the first to celebrate a New Year. It is also referred to as the \"latest time zone\" on Earth, as clocks in it always show the 'latest' (i.e., most advanced) time of all time zones. UTC+14:00 stretches as far as 30° east of the 180° longitude line and creates a large fold in the International Date Line around the Pacific nation of Kiribati. As standard time (year-round) Principal settlement: Kiritimati Oceania Kiribati Line Islands History The central Pacific Republic of Kiribati introduced a change of date for its eastern half on , from time zones UTC−11:00 and UTC−10:00 to UTC+13:00 and UTC+14:00. Before this, the time zones UTC+13:00 and UTC+14:00 did not exist. As a British colony, Kiribati was centred in the Gilbert Islands, just west of the old date line. The distant Phoenix and Line Islands were on the other side of the date line. Government offices on opposite sides of the line could only communicate by radio or telephone on the four days of the week when both sides experienced weekdays simultaneously. The revision of Kiribati's time zone meant that the date line in effect moved eastwards to go around this country, so that the Line Islands, including the inhabited Kiritimati island, started the year 2000 on its territory before any other country on Earth, a feature the Kiribati government capitalized on as a potential tourist draw. Tonga – IANA time zone database zone name Pacific/Tongatapu – used UTC+14:00 for daylight saving time from 1999 to 2002 and 2016 to 2017, and therefore celebrated new year 2000 at the same time as the Line Islands in Kiribati. At the end of (UTC−10:00), Samoa advanced its standard time from UTC−11:00 to UTC+13:00 (and its daylight saving time from UTC−10:00 to UTC+14:00), essentially moving the international date line to the other side of the country. Alaska had local times corresponding to between UTC+11:30 and UTC+15:10 until 1867 (24 hours were deducted in 1867 to make the date correspond to rest of United States). These times were local mean times and not time zones. UTC+14:00 was used as a daylight time before 1982 in the parts of very eastern Russia (Chukotka) that used Kamchatka Time. See also Time in Kiribati Time in Alaska Time in Russia UTC−10:00, which is exactly one day behind UTC+14:00. UTC−12:00, the last time zone to start a new day References External links Find cities currently in UTC+14 UTC offsets", "title": "UTC+14:00" }, { "docid": "30746659", "text": "The Daylight Saving for South East Queensland Referendum Bill 2010 was a bill tabled in the Queensland Parliament on 14 April 2010, by Independent Member Peter Wellington. Wellington had called for a referendum to be held at the next State election on introduction of daylight saving time for South East Queensland. The Bill proposed a split-time zone for the state of Queensland and had suggested that the local government areas of Brisbane, Gold Coast, Sunshine Coast, Ipswich, Logan, Scenic Rim, Redland and Moreton Bay be included in the daylight saving time zone, while the rest of the state remains on standard time. Drafting In early 2010, the Daylight Saving for South East Queensland (DS4SEQ) political party approached Wellington to introduce a private member's bill. As Wellington agreed with the principles of the DS4SEQ proposal, specifically the dual time zone arrangement, he drafted the Daylight Saving for South East Queensland Referendum Bill 2010. Response In response to this bill, Leader of the Opposition John-Paul Langbroek, immediately announced that he would not support the bill, saying \"We will not be supporting a referendum on daylight saving,\" and \"I don't want to make an interstate problem an intrastate problem.\" The Premier of Queensland, Anna Bligh, announced a community consultation process, which resulted in over 74,000 respondents participating, 64 per cent of whom supported a trial of daylight saving, while 63 per cent were also in favour of holding a referendum. On 7 June 2010, and after reviewing the favourable consultation results, Bligh announced that her Government would not support the bill because regional Queenslanders were overwhelmingly opposed to daylight saving. DS4SEQ called for Bligh and her government to reconsider their position. The bill was defeated in Queensland Parliament on 15 June 2011. Previous daylight saving referendum Queensland had had one referendum on daylight saving, held on 22 February 1992, with the question: \"Are you in favour of daylight saving?\", which was defeated with a 54.5 per cent 'no' vote. The vote on this referendum was after Queensland had trialled daylight saving over a three-year period, from 1989/90 to 1991/92. The referendum result displayed a distinct trend—that public opinion on daylight saving in Queensland is geographically divided, with the 'no' vote strongest in the north and west regional districts, while the 'yes' vote was strongest in the state's metropolitan south-east. See also Time in Australia Daylight saving time around the world References External links Daylight Saving for South East Queensland Referendum Bill 2010 Daylight Saving for South East Queensland Party official website Referendums in Queensland 2010 in Australian law Daylight saving time in Australia 2010s in Queensland", "title": "Daylight Saving for South East Queensland Referendum Bill 2010" }, { "docid": "65801630", "text": "Daylight saving time (DST) is the practice of advancing clocks during warmer months so that darkness falls later each day according to the clock. Proponents of DST generally argue that it saves energy, promotes outdoor leisure activity in the evening (in summer), and therefore is good for physical and psychological health, reduces traffic accidents, reduces crime or is good for business. Opponents argue that DST disrupts human circadian rhythms (negatively impacting human health in the process), that it increases fatal traffic collisions, that the actual energy savings are inconclusive, and that DST increases health risks such as heart attack. Farmers have tended to oppose DST. Having a common agreement about the day's layout or schedule has so many advantages that a standard schedule over whole countries or large areas has generally been chosen over efforts in which some people get up earlier and others do not. The advantages of coordination are so great that many people ignore whether DST is in effect by altering their work schedules to coordinate with television broadcasts or daylight. DST is commonly not observed during most of winter, because the days are shorter then; workers may have no sunlit leisure time, and students may need to leave for school in the dark. Since DST is applied to many varying communities, its effects may be very different depending on their culture, light levels, geography, and climate. Because of this variation, it is hard to make generalized conclusions about the effects of the practice. The costs and benefits may differ between places. Some areas may adopt DST simply as a matter of coordination with other areas rather than for any other benefits. Energy use A 2017 meta-analysis of 44 studies found that DST leads to electricity savings of 0.3% during the days when DST applies. The meta-analysis furthermore found that \"electricity savings are larger for countries farther away from the equator, while subtropical regions consume more electricity because of DST.\" This means that DST may conserve electricity in some countries, such as Canada and the United Kingdom, but be wasteful in other places, such as Mexico, the southern United States, and northern Africa. The savings in electricity may also be offset by extra use of other types of energy, such as heating fuel. The period of daylight saving time before the longest day is shorter than the period after, in several countries including the United States of America, in areas that observe daylight saving time, and Europe. For example, in the U.S. the period of daylight saving time is defined by the Energy Policy Act of 2005. The period for daylight saving time was extended by changing the start date from the first Sunday of April to the second Sunday of March and changing the end date from the last Sunday in October to the first Sunday in November. DST's potential to save energy comes primarily from its effects on residential lighting, which consumes about 3.5% of electricity in the United States and Canada. (For comparison, air", "title": "Analysis of daylight saving time" }, { "docid": "55146056", "text": "The Daylight Award is awarded every second year since 2016 \"to honor and support daylight research and daylight in architecture, for the benefit of human health, well-being and the environment. The award puts specific emphasis on the interrelation between theory and practice\". The Daylight Award for Research \"is awarded to individuals or smaller groups of scientists who have distinguished themselves as outstanding contributors to internationally recognized daylight research. It acknowledges highly original and influential advances in the areas of natural science, human science or social science, with special emphasis on the effects of daylight on human health, well-being and performance\". The Daylight Award for Architecture \"is awarded to one or more architects or other professionals who have distinguished themselves by realizing architecture or creating urban environments that showcase unique use of daylight. Special emphasis will be put on architecture that considers the overall quality of life, its impact on human health, well-being and performance, and its value to society\". Each award is given as a personal prize, and each to the sum of €100,000. The award winners will be involved in such activities as lectures and master classes following the award ceremony. The Daylight Award is presented by the non-profit, private charitable foundations, VILLUM FONDEN, VELUX FONDEN and VELUX STIFTUNG, established by Villum Kann Rasmussen. History The three foundations behind The Daylight Award have a long history when it comes to awarding best practice in daylight. Since 1980, they have awarded daylight prizes to, among others, Jørn Utzon (DK) (1980), Henning Larsen (DK) (1987), Bob Gysin (CH) (2007), Richard Perez (USA) (2008), Peter Zumthor (CH) (2010), James Carpenter (USA) (2010), Lacaton & Vassal (F) (2011), Gigon & Guyer (CH) (2012) and SANAA (JP) (2014). In 2016 The Daylight Award for Research was awarded to professor at Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Marilyne Andersen, and architect Steven Holl, Steven Holl Architects, New York and Beijing, was awarded The Daylight Award for Architecture. The awards were presented and celebrated at a formal ceremony in Copenhagen, Denmark, at Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek on November 2, 2016. In 2018, The Daylight Award for Architecture was given to Hiroshi Sambuichi, and The Daylight Award for Research to Greg Ward, the creator of the Radiance simulation tool that underpins the field of daylighting research and practice. In 2020 The Daylight Award for Architecture was given to architect and designer Juha Leiviskä, Finland, for his works of architecture that demonstrate a unique ability to make daylight an integral element of his buildings. Russell Foster, neuroscientist from United Kingdom, was awarded in category Daylight Research, for his clinical studies in humans addressing important questions regarding light. Architectural academic, photographer and writer Henry Plummer, United States, received the award for lifetime achievement, for recording daylight phenomena in his extensive photography and writing. In 2022 The Daylight Award for daylight in architecture was given to Yvonne Farrell and Shelley McNamara from Grafton Architects. Grafton Architects have mastered the use of daylight throughout their wide and exceptionally varied design production. Daylight", "title": "The Daylight Award" }, { "docid": "67151458", "text": "On October 18, 2021, a referendum was held in Alberta, Canada on two questions, whether equalization payments should be eliminated from the Constitution of Canada, and whether the province should observe daylight saving time year-round. The referendum was held as part of the 2021 Alberta municipal elections and the Senate nominee election. History Equalization Canada was created as a federal state with a financial relationship between the federal and provincial governments. Currently, there are three primary forms of transfers provided by the federal government to provinces. The Canada Health Transfer is a per-capita transfer payment program in support of the health systems of the provinces and territories of Canada, and represents approximately 47 per cent of major federal transfers. Funds provided through the Canadian Health Transfer must be used by provinces and territories for the purposes of \"maintaining the national criteria\" for publicly provided health care in Canada (as set out in the Canada Health Act). The second form of transfer is the Canada Social Transfer, a per-capita transfer in support of post-secondary education, social assistance, and social services, including early childhood development and early learning and childcare, which represents 20 per cent of major federal transfers. The third major program is equalization, which represents approximately 25 per cent of major federal transfers. Equalization is intended to address fiscal disparities among Canadian provinces based on estimates of provinces' fiscal capacity—their ability to generate tax revenues. The equalization program began in 1957 under Progressive Conservative Prime Minister John Diefenbaker to mitigate horizontal fiscal imbalance between provinces. Successive Alberta governments and popular opinion in the province have decried the equalization formula, noting that Alberta has not received funding under the equalization program since 1965. The current equalization formula was implemented shortly after Stephen Harper's Conservative Party of Canada formed a minority government after the 2006 Canadian federal election. Shortly before the election, Liberal Finance Minister Ralph Goodale formed the \"Expert Panel on Equalization and Territorial Formula Financing\" chaired by Al O'Brien—a former Government of Alberta deputy minister—to produce a report on the future of equalization. The report titled \"Achieving a National Purpose: Putting Equalization Back on Track\" was tabled in parliament in May 2006. The Harper government used the report as a basis for reforms to the equalization program. The equalization referendum question asks whether Section 36(2) which expounds the principle of making equalization payments be removed from the Constitution Act, 1982. The amending formula for the Canadian Constitution requires agreement from seven provinces representing 50 per cent of the population of Canada (7+50 formula) and a \"yes\" vote by a single province in a referendum does not have legal consequence, as a provincial government cannot unilaterally modify equalization. Daylight saving time In 1948, the Government of Alberta formally set the province's time zone with the passage of The Daylight Saving Time Act, which mandated the entire province observe Mountain Standard Time, and prevented any municipality from observing daylight saving time or any other time zone. The bill came after Calgary (1946", "title": "2021 Alberta referendum" }, { "docid": "67600041", "text": "Svalbard, an archipelago in the Arctic Ocean belonging to the Kingdom of Norway, uses Central European Time (CET) during the winter as standard time, which is one hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC+01:00), and Central European Summer Time (CEST) during the summer as daylight saving time, which is two hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC+02:00). This is shared with the rest of Norway, as is Svalbard's use of daylight saving time, which the territory observes annually by advancing the clock forward on the last Sunday in March and back again on the last Sunday in October. However, as Svalbard experiences midnight sun during the summer due to being located north of the Arctic Circle, it gives daylight saving time no utility, and is only observed in order to make communicating with Norway Proper more convenient. At the 74th parallel north, the midnight sun lasts 99 days and polar night 84 days, while the respective figures at the 81st parallel north are 141 and 128 days. History The Spitsbergen Treaty of 9 February 1920 recognises Norway's full and absolute sovereignty over the arctic archipelago of Svalbard (formerly Spitsbergen), and has been subject to the laws of Norway since 14 August 1925. Steffen Thorsen of the tz database, which is backed by ICANN, hypotheses that Svalbard has possibly followed Norway's standard time since 1925, and before that had used a local mean time somewhere between 1895 (when Svalbard was first inhabited, same year Norway introduced standard time) and 1925. Accordingly, Svalbard has observed CET since 1925, and has been subject to Norway's laws on daylight saving time. Daylight saving time Svalbard observes daylight saving time yearly by advancing the clock forward one hour from Central European Time in UTC+01:00 to Central European Summer Time in UTC+02:00. Daylight saving time begins on the last Sunday in March and ends on the last Sunday in October. This is in-line with the rest of the Kingdom of Norway, and has been observed in this current alignment since 1996. Svalbard first observed daylight saving time by moving the clock forward one hour at inconsistent times between 1943 and 1945, and 1959 and 1965. Daylight saving time was reintroduced for a final time in 1980, and since 1996 Norway has followed the European Union regarding transition dates. As Svalbard experiences midnight sun during summer, it gives daylight saving time no utility, and is only observed in order to make communicating with Norway Proper more convenient. Geography and solar time Most of Svalbard lies within the geographical UTC+01:00 offset (also known as zone \"Alpha\"), including the only permanently-populated island of Spitsbergen. Places located west of 22.5° East, including the western half of Nordaustlandet, are in the geographical UTC+02:00 offset (\"Bravo\"). As Svalbard is located north of the Arctic Circle, it experiences midnight sun during summer and polar night during winter. At the 74° parallel north, the midnight sun lasts 99 days and polar night 84 days, while the respective figures at the 81° parallel north are", "title": "Time in Svalbard" }, { "docid": "35856183", "text": "Switzerland uses Central European Time (CET) during the winter as standard time, which is one hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC+01:00), and Central European Summer Time (CEST) during the summer as daylight saving time, which is two hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC+02:00). History The electrical telegraph was introduced in Switzerland in 1851, which allowed near real-time communication, especially amongst post offices. By July 1853, all telegraph and post offices across Switzerland were using Bernese time, a local mean time measured from the Zytglogge clocktower at UTC+00:29:45.5. Bernese time was also used on train timetables by at least 1873. On 1 June 1894, UTC+01:00 was officially adopted nationwide. Daylight saving time was first attempted between 1941 and 1942, by moving the clocks forward one hour at 01:00 on the first Monday in May, and back again at 02:00 on the first Monday in October. The decision to observe daylight saving time was made by the Federal Council on behalf of the recommendation of the Federal Chancellery. Whilst DST was introduced in much of Western Europe in the spring of 1980, Switzerland did not implement DST until the following year. This resulted in there being a one hour time difference between Switzerland and most of Western Europe, including all of the bordering countries (with the exception of Liechtenstein) for around six months in 1980. The German village of Büsingen am Hochrhein, a small exclave, entirely surrounded by Swiss territory, did not implement DST in 1980 either and observed the same time as Switzerland, meaning there was a one hour time difference between this village and the rest of Germany. The zone Europe/Busingen was created in the 2013a release of the tz database, because since the Unix time epoch in 1970, Büsingen has shared clocks with Zurich. Since 1981 the shifts to DST occur on the date as specified for European Summer Time. Solar time The difference of longitude between the western and easternmost points of Switzerland is equivalent to 4°32′09″, resulting in a difference of approximately 18 minutes of solar time. IANA time zone database The IANA time zone database contains one zone for Switzerland in the file zone.tab, named Europe/Zurich. Columns marked with * are the columns from zone.tab itself. Computers not supporting \"Europe/Zurich\" may use the older POSIX syntax: TZ='CET-1CEST,M3.5.0/2,M10.5.0/3' References Notes External links Time in Switzerland at Lonely Planet", "title": "Time in Switzerland" }, { "docid": "1887698", "text": "Singapore Time (SGT), also known as Singapore Standard Time (SST), is used in Singapore and is 8 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC+08:00). Singapore does not observe daylight saving time. History As a part of the Straits Settlements, Singapore originally adopted the Malayan Time, which was GMT+07:30 in 1941. Following the Japanese occupation, Singapore (known as Syonan-to during this time) adopted the Tokyo Standard Time of GMT+09:00 on 15 February 1942. At the end of World War II and the return of the Straits Settlements to the British, Singapore reverted to its pre-war time zone. Daylight saving time in Singapore Although Singapore does not currently observe daylight saving time in the traditional sense due to its tropical location, a form of daylight saving time, using a 20-minute offset, was introduced on an annual basis by the Legislative Council of the Straits Settlements in 1933. On 2 July 1920, a bill was intituled as Daylight Saving Ordinance, 1920. It is to introduce a 30-minutes offset or seven and a half hour in advance of Greenwich mean time. The bill was read for the first time on 5 July 1920 but was later abandoned. In 1932, Sir Arnold Percy Robinson raised the idea of 20-minute offset after an earlier attempt was abandoned in 1920 which was first proposed by Sir Laurence Guillemard for a 30-minute offset. On 26 September 1932, a bill was intituled as Daylight Saving Ordinance, 1932. The Ordinance was passed at a meeting of the Legislative Council held on 5 December 1932 and approved by Sir Cecil Clementi (Governor) on 15 December 1932. Between 1934 and 1935, the Daylight Saving Ordinance, 1932 was extended throughout both years by Gazette Notifications. The 20-minute offset was formally adopted as standard time in Singapore in 1936, and on 1 September 1941 the offset was increased to 30 minutes, the same as the 1920 proposal. Malaysian standardisation In 1981, Malaysia decided to standardise the time across its territories to a uniform UTC+08:00. Singapore elected to follow suit, citing business and travel schedules. The change took effect on New Year's Day (1 January) 1982 when Singapore moved half an hour forward on New Year's Eve (31 December) 1981 at 11:30 pm creating \"Singapore Standard Time\" (SST) or \"Singapore Time\" (SGT). SST is 8 hours ahead of UTC and is synchronised with Beijing, Hong Kong, Manila, Shanghai, Taipei and Perth. Timeline Legislation Section 51(2) of the Interpretation Act 1965 (2020 Revised Edition) states ““Standard time” means standard time as used in Singapore, namely, 8 hours, or such other period as may from time to time be determined by the President by notification in the Gazette, in advance of Coordinated Universal Time.” Timekeeper In the early days, Singapore used a timeball on Fort Canning and Mount Faber for sailors to check with their chronometers by the falling ball at exactly 1 p.m daily. When the second world war came to Singapore, the Public Works Department (PWD) cut the masts down as the masts formed \"ideal\"", "title": "Singapore Time" }, { "docid": "64998948", "text": "Finland uses Eastern European Time (EET) during the winter as standard time and Eastern European Summer Time (EEST) during the summer as daylight saving time. EET is two hours ahead of coordinated universal time (UTC+02:00) and EEST is three hours ahead of coordinated universal time (UTC+03:00). Finland adopted EET on 30 April 1921, and has observed daylight saving time in its current alignment since 1981 by advancing the clock forward one hour at 03:00 EET on the last Sunday in March and back at 04:00 EET on the last Sunday in October, doing so an hour earlier for the first two years. Before the 19th century, each locality followed its own solar time, which meant the time between the western and easternmost localities of Finland differed by thirty minutes. In the 19th century, a single time zone across Finland was needed to coordinate scheduling for the newly invented railway and telegraph. In 1862, the mean time 1:39:49.2 ahead of UT was adopted for the railway. Two separate, unsuccessful proposals for a standard time zone were made by the Diet of Finland in 1888 and 1897, when Finland was an autonomous duchy of the Russian Empire. On 30 April 1921, the newly independent government officially adopted the time zone UTC+02:00, known as Eastern European Time. Daylight saving time was first attempted in 1942, but abandoned as not useful. It was introduced again in 1981, so that Finland's time zone could always be aligned with neighbouring countries. In 2017, the Finnish parliament voted in favour of proposals calling on the European Union to consider abolishing daylight saving time. Finland's time zone is maintained by the VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland and the Centre for Metrology and Accreditation. Using atomic clocks, they make sure the official timekeeping devices in Finland do not fall behind. Finland's high latitude means that in summer the nights are short, and daylight saving time has no impact on the population. Northernmost Finland is within the Arctic circle and has a polar night lasting 51 days and a polar day lasting 73 days, whilst the southernmost localities of Finland experience less than six hours of daylight in winter and an average of 20 hours of daylight in summer. The country uses the 24 hour clock notation. History Before the 19th century, there was no need for a single time zone across Finland, and each locality followed its own solar time. This meant that if it was 12:00 in Helsinki, the local times in other localities would range from 11:40.02 in Mariehamn, Åland, to 12:10.53 in Kuopio, North Savo. The railway required more precise timetables than earlier means of transport, such as sailing ships and stage-coaches. The telegraph, which allowed near real-time communication, also made it inconvenient for each location to observe its own solar time. The first railway line in Finland (the Hämeenlinna–Helsinki railway) was inaugurated in 1862. Its timetables were noted in a common mean time, measured at the Helsinki University Observatory from the mean time of", "title": "Time in Finland" }, { "docid": "27264813", "text": "The scheduling of television programming in North America (namely the United States, Canada, and Mexico) must cope with different time zones. The United States (excluding territories) has six time zones (Hawaii–Aleutian, Alaska, Pacific, Mountain, Central and Eastern), with further variation in the observance of daylight saving time. Canada also has six time zones (Pacific, Mountain, Central, Eastern, Atlantic and Newfoundland). Mexico has four time zones (Southeast, Central, Pacific, and Northwest). This requires broadcast and pay television networks in each country to shift programs in time to show them in different regions. In Canada Broadcast networks Canadian broadcasting networks, with six time zones and a much larger percentage of its audience residing in the Mountain Time Zone than in the Central Time Zone, are sometimes able to avoid the issues that affect American programming by airing pre-recorded programs on local time. CBC Television and CTV created delay centres in Calgary in the early 1960s in order to allow programming to air in each time zone based on the region. In order to protect local advertising revenue, the \"simsub\" rules allow broadcast stations to require feeds of U.S. broadcast stations on local pay television to be \"substituted\" with the Canadian station's signal if they are airing the same program. This can affect how commercial broadcasters schedule their programming outside of Eastern, Central, and Pacific Time areas: the Atlantic and Mountain time zones are one hour ahead of the U.S. stations historically carried on television providers in their respective markets (such as Boston in Atlantic Canada, and Spokane in Alberta), meaning that stations may air programs out of pattern in comparison to other markets to maximize simsub opportunities (such as an 8 p.m. ET/PT program airing at 9 p.m. MT), Saskatchewan does not observe Daylight Saving Time, officially observing Central Standard Time year-round. This matches Mountain Daylight Time when DST is in effect, but networked stations generally follow the schedules of their sister stations in Manitoba year-round, except delayed by one hour. Unlike in the United States, virtually all live events, including live entertainment shows and sports television, are simultaneously broadcast nationwide in Canada. For instance, live shows in Canada are aired to entirety at the same time in all time zones based on Eastern time. Several live U.S. shows are also aired simultaneously in all of Canada, including for viewers in the Pacific Coast (unlike in the United States where some viewers on the same side of the continent depend on tape-delayed broadcasts for some otherwise live events). Conversely, live shows aired in Canada are frequently televised simultaneously for some viewers in the U.S. with access to Canadian broadcast networks. Cable and satellite channels The vast majority of specialty cable and satellite television channels in Canada each operate a single feed which is distributed in all time zones. This includes all French language channels, as they predominantly serve Francophone areas of the country, mostly in Quebec (almost all of which observes Eastern Time). Even many long-standing specialty channels with a general entertainment", "title": "Effects of time zones on North American broadcasting" }, { "docid": "8767075", "text": "In USA AM broadcasting, presunrise authorization (PSRA) and postsunset authorization (PSSA) are permission from the Federal Communications Commission to broadcast in AM on mediumwave using a power level higher than what would normally be permitted prior to sunrise/after sunset, or in the latter case, provide Class D stations with service into the evening where they would otherwise be required to sign off. Sunrise and sunset times are provided on the licensee's basic instrument of authorization. The power level for both PSRA and PSSA service cannot exceed 500 watts. Power calculations are based on co-channel stations. PSRA At 6:00am local time, stations may power up using the station's daytime antenna (if applicable). Daylight saving Provided the locale participates in daylight saving time, special provisions must be made since the PSRA time is based on local time. The exact wording of the rule states: Between the first Sunday in April and the end of the month of April, Class D stations will be permitted to conduct pre-sunrise operation beginning at 6 a.m. local time with a maximum power of 500 watts (not to exceed the station's regular daytime or critical hours power)... For example, if the instrument of authorization states sunrise as being at 5:30am local standard time in April, the station does not require PSRA operation since sunrise time is prior to the 6:00am rule. When the clocks advance, this becomes 6:30am local time. PSRA will permit the station to power up at 5:00am standard time, since that would be 6:00am advanced time and local time would reflect the advanced time. As of 2007 (when the new US daylight saving times went into effect), the FCC instructed licensees to use the April advanced times when DST goes into effect in March. PSSA At sunset, Class D stations must sign off if they do not possess a nighttime license. PSSA operation allows the station to remain on the air an additional two hours at reduced power level determined by several factors: International boundaries Class A Clear-channel stations Whether the station is on a Regional channel Daylight saving There are no specific provisions related to daylight saving time within PSSA operation. Exceptions PSSA operation must cease at local sunset time for the closest co-channel Class A located west of the Class D station. Class D stations west of a co-channel Class A do not qualify. History The first presunrise authorizations came from a proposed rulemaking in 1967 (Operation by Standard Broadcast Stations, 8 FCC 2d 698 (1967)). There were major concerns of skywave interference to clear channel stations, so only a handful of stations were permitted to apply. On February 25, 1981, the FCC determined that there were no detrimental effects to clear-channel stations in remote areas, therefore, they permitted even more stations to apply for authorization. Current authorization Applications for PSRA and PSSA operation are no longer required. The licensee must merely notify the FCC. External links 47 CFR 73.99 (Official) FCC Radio and Television Rules 47 CFR Part 73 (Official) FCC", "title": "Pre-sunrise and post-sunset authorization" }, { "docid": "17807829", "text": "John Biase D'Orazio (; 5 September 1955 – 11 April 2011) was an Australian politician who served as the member for Ballajura in the Western Australian Legislative Assembly from 10 February 2001 to 6 September 2008. He was a minister in the governments of Geoff Gallop and Alan Carpenter, and a member of the Australian Labor Party until 29 August 2006, when he resigned following several controversies. Born to Italian immigrants, D'Orazio grew up on a market garden in the Perth suburb of Bayswater. He studied pharmacy at the Western Australian Institute of Technology, later opening his own pharmacy business. In 1981, he was elected to the Bayswater council, and in 1984, he became the mayor of Bayswater, in which position he served until 2001. At the 2001 Western Australian state election, D'Orazio was elected to the seat of Ballajura in the Western Australian Legislative Assembly, beating the Liberal incumbent Rhonda Parker. Following the 2005 state election, he was promoted to cabinet by Premier Geoff Gallop, becoming the minister for justice and minister for small business. On 3 February 2006, after Alan Carpenter became Premier, D'Orazio was appointed as the minister for police and emergency services, minister for justice, and minister for community safety. In February 2006, it was revealed that in 2003 D'Orazio had organised a meeting between Adam Spagnolo, a City of Bayswater employee, and Tony Drago, the owner of a carpet business, where they allegedly reached a deal where Spagnolo would use his position at the City of Bayswater to give carpet contracts to the business. The Crime and Corruption Commission cleared D'Orazio of any wrongdoing the following month, and all charges against Spagnolo were dropped in 2007. In March 2006, it was revealed that up to 15 staff at his pharmacy were not paid superannuation. In April, he crashed his ministerial car. His licence was suspended at the time after failing to pay for speeding fines issued in 2005. This caused him to be stripped of his existing ministries on 8 May 2006 and be made the minister for disability services, minister for citizenship and multicultural interests, and minister for seniors and volunteering. A day later, he resigned from cabinet. His licence was later reinstated as the speeding fines were sent to the wrong address. In August, it was revealed he had talked to corrupt panel beater Pasquale Minniti who said he could help D'Orazio get his licence back by using his connections at Western Australia Police. This forced him to resign from the Labor Party and sit as an Independent. As an Independent MP, D'Orazio worked with Liberal backbencher Matt Birney to create a private member's bill for a referendum on whether to introduce daylight saving time. The bill passed, and so a three-year trial of daylight saving time commenced, with a daylight saving referendum occurring at the end of that. After the CCC found in December 2007 that D'Orazio had not engaged in misconduct when meeting with Minniti, the Labor Party was forced to", "title": "John D'Orazio" }, { "docid": "68330875", "text": "Time in Libya is given by a single time zone, officially denoted as Eastern European Time (EET; UTC+02:00). The zone is also known as Central Africa Time (CAT). Libya has observed EET since 5 November 2012, after it was announced in 2013 that Libya would be on permanent daylight saving time. Libya previously observed several different time zones as standard time and daylight saving time. For residents of western Libya, including Tripoli, solar time is usually one hour behind standard time. Daylight saving time Libya previously observed daylight saving time, moving one hour ahead from Central European Time (CET; UTC+01:00) to Central European Summer Time (CEST; UTC+02:00), each year from 1951 to 1956, 1982 to 1989, 1997, and 2013. Libya announced in 2013 that it would be on permanent daylight saving time. IANA time zone database In the IANA time zone database, Libya is given one zone in the file zone.tab – Africa/Tripoli. \"LY\" refers to the country's ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code. Data for Libya directly from zone.tab of the IANA time zone database; columns marked with * are the columns from zone.tab itself: See also Daylight saving time in Africa List of time zones by country List of UTC time offsets References External links Current time in Libya at Time.is Time in Libya at TimeAndDate.com Time in Libya", "title": "Time in Libya" }, { "docid": "40960695", "text": "Denmark, including its dependencies of Faroe Islands and Greenland, uses six time zones. Time zones Central European Time UTC+01:00 as standard time, and UTC+02:00 as daylight saving time, with transition dates according to the European Union rules. All of Denmark proper. Including Copenhagen, Aarhus and Rønne (Bornholm) The UTC+01:00 centerline (15°E) goes through Bornholm, approximately 2 kilometers from Gudhjem, in the far eastern Denmark, while Copenhagen at 12°34′E corresponds to UTC+0:50, and the west coast at 8°6′E corresponds to UTC+0:32. An 1893 law set the de jure standard time of Denmark as the mean solar time 15°E of Greenwich, for all of Denmark, with an exception for the Faroe Islands, effective at 1 January 1894. This linked the standard time in Denmark to Earth's rotation, and clocks in Denmark were at 12:00, when the sun is directly above the 15° Eastern meridian. As Earth's rotation is not completely regular, the time could be offset by up to a 0.9 seconds in either direction, compared to UTC+1, requiring a leap second to be added to remedy the issue. On 14 March 2023, the Folketing adopted a proposal to set the de jure standard time of Denmark as UTC+1, with exceptions made for Greenland and the Faroe Islands. The proposal became effective law on 26 March 2023 at 2:00, superseding the 1893 law. Western European Time UTC±00:00 as standard time, and UTC+01:00 as daylight saving time. The Faroe Islands The island of Mykines is actually located at 7°36′W longitude and thus at UTC-00:31 (closer to UTC-01:00 than UTC), however Mykines uses the same time zone as the rest of the Faroe Islands. Greenwich Mean Time UTC±00:00 year around, no daylight saving time The northeast coast of Greenland. There are a few settlements, like the weather station Danmarkshavn, otherwise unpopulated. The area uses same time as Iceland (WET), since it is generally supplied from Iceland. This is however unofficial. In the summer the time is the same as for East Greenland time. East Greenland Time UTC-01:00 as standard time, and UTC±00:00 as daylight saving time. Ittoqqortoormiit, Neerlerit Inaat and surrounding area on the east coast of Greenland West Greenland Time UTC-02:00 as standard time, and UTC-01:00 as daylight saving time. All the west coast of Greenland Including Qaanaaq, Ilulissat, Kangerlussuaq, Nuuk and Qaqortoq Tasiilaq and Kulusuk on the east coast Except Pituffik Space Base Some places, such as Qaanaaq (69°13′W corresponding to UTC-04:37) and Kulusuk (37°11′W corresponding to UTC-02:28) are located outside the UTC-03:00 ± 00:30 zone, but still use the same time zone as the capital Nuuk (51°44′W corresponding to UTC-03:26:56) Atlantic Time UTC-04:00 as standard time, and UTC-03:00 as daylight saving time, with transition dates according to the United States rules. Pituffik Space Base Daylight saving time All of Greenland uses Daylight Saving Time, except for the northeast coast. The transition dates are according to the European Union rules, except for the Pituffik Space Base, which uses United States transition dates and for which the following description does not apply. DST", "title": "Time in the Danish Realm" }, { "docid": "524024", "text": "The Pacific Time Zone (PT) is a time zone encompassing parts of western Canada, the western United States, and western Mexico. Places in this zone observe standard time by subtracting eight hours from Coordinated Universal Time (UTC−08:00). During daylight saving time, a time offset of UTC−07:00 is used. In the United States and Canada, this time zone is generically called the Pacific Time Zone. Specifically, time in this zone is referred to as Pacific Standard Time (PST) when standard time is being observed (early November to mid-March), and Pacific Daylight Time (PDT) when daylight saving time (mid-March to early November) is being observed. In Mexico, the corresponding time zone is known as the Zona Noroeste (Northwest Zone) and observes the same daylight saving schedule as the United States and Canada. The largest city in the Pacific Time Zone is Los Angeles, whose metropolitan area is also the largest in the time zone. The zone is two hours ahead of the Hawaii–Aleutian Time Zone, one hour ahead of the Alaska Time Zone, one hour behind the Mountain Time Zone, two hours behind the Central Time Zone, three hours behind the Eastern Time Zone, and four hours behind the Atlantic Time Zone. Canada One Canadian province is split between the Pacific Time Zone and the Mountain Time Zone: British Columbia – all, except for the Highway 95 corridor (including Golden and Creston) in the southeast, and Tumbler Ridge, Fort St. John, and Dawson Creek in the northeast The border between time zones in British Columbia was decided in a 1972 plebiscite held in northeastern and southeastern electoral districts due to their ties to neighboring Alberta. As of September 24, 2020, Yukon officially switched from the Pacific Time Zone to a time zone \"to be reckoned as seven hours behind Coordinated Universal Time (UTC−7)\" after deciding to stop observing daylight saving time. Mexico In Mexico, the Zona Noroeste, which corresponds to Pacific Time in the United States and Canada, includes: Baja California United States Two states are fully contained in the Pacific Time Zone: California Washington Three states are split between the Pacific Time Zone and the Mountain Time Zone: Idaho – 10 counties in the Idaho Panhandle north of Hells Canyon and the Salmon River are in the Pacific Time Zone due to proximity to cities in Washington Nevada – all, except for West Wendover since 1999, due to proximity to Wendover, Utah Several towns along the Idaho border, including Jackpot, Jarbidge, Mountain City, and Owyhee, observe Mountain Time. Oregon – all, except for the majority of Malheur County due to proximity to Idaho cities; it was moved in 1923 to accommodate the needs of the Oregon Short Line Railroad. One state is split between the Pacific Time Zone (unofficially), the Alaska Time Zone, and the Hawaii–Aleutian Time Zone: Alaska – Hyder, which unofficially uses Pacific Time due to proximity to Stewart, British Columbia Daylight time Through 2006, the local time (PST, UTC−08:00) changed to daylight time (PDT, UTC−07:00) at 02:00 LST", "title": "Pacific Time Zone" }, { "docid": "33469717", "text": "Daylight saving time in Iran was the practice of setting the clock forward by one hour between the first day of Farvardin (21–22 March) in the Iranian calendar and the last day of Shahrivar (21–22 September), which has been observed during years 1978–1980, 1989–2005, and 2008–2022. Abolishment In 2006, Iran abolished daylight saving time (DST); however, in September 2007, the Iranian parliament passed a law restoring DST starting from March 21, 2008, in spite of opposition by the contemporary government. A number of deputies of The Eleventh Term of the Islamic Consultative Assembly of Iran drafted a plan to abolish daylight saving time in the country. This plan was approved by the Islamic Consultative Assembly of Iran on March 15, 2022. However, it was rejected by the Guardian Council due to it not clearly determining when this rule must be applied, and not clarifying if the Iranian government had authority to change it or not. After solving these ambiguities, it was confirmed to the Guardian Council, and then this plan was communicated to all Iranian ministries, organizations, and institutions by Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi on May 22, 2022. The abolition of daytime saving time was planned to be implemented on March 21, 2023. However on September 21, 2022, Iran abolished daylight saving time effective immediately and now observes standard time year-round. See also Iran Standard Time Daylight saving time References Time in Iran Iran", "title": "Daylight saving time in Iran" }, { "docid": "59732024", "text": "Proposition 7 (\"Prop 7\") was a California ballot proposition in that state's general election on November 6, 2018. The measure passed, by a vote of about 60% Yes to 40% No. The proposition permits the California State Legislature to change the times and dates of daylight saving time period by a two-thirds vote, all while in compliance with federal law. For the state to have such powers, Proposition 12 (1949), which established daylight saving time in California, needed to be repealed, which can only be done by the electorate. Following passage of Proposition 7, California Assemblymember Kansen Chu submitted Assembly Bill 7 in 2019 to \"eliminate the biannual clock change in California and set the state on daylight saving time year-round, pending federal authorization.\" The bill died in committee in 2020. Ballot Label summary The California Secretary of State's summary from the Official Voter Information Guide of Proposition 7 is as follows: \"CONFORMS CALIFORNIA DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME TO FEDERAL LAW. ALLOWS LEGISLATURE TO CHANGE DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME PERIOD. LEGISLATIVE STATUTE. Gives Legislature ability to change daylight saving time period by two-thirds vote, if changes are consistent with federal law. Fiscal Impact: This measure has no direct fiscal effect because changes to daylight saving time would depend on future actions by the Legislature and potentially the federal government. Supporters Los Angeles Times San Diego Union-Tribune Ventura County Star Opponents Bakersfield Californian Marin Independent Journal San Francisco Chronicle The Mercury News Monterey Herald The Press-Democrat Sacramento Bee San Luis Obispo Tribune Election results The results of the vote were 59.75% YES to 40.25% NO. Aftermath Despite passing with almost 60% of the vote, the proposition only allows the legislature to change the times and dates of daylight saving time period by a two-thirds vote of both chambers, while remaining in compliance with federal law (which permits permanent standard time). In November 2019, Chu issued a news release promising to continue his efforts to urge passage of legislation in Washington, DC. \"I share the disappointment with other Californians that we will be switching our clocks once again this November after passing Proposition 7... Unfortunately, the California State Senate Committee on Energy, Utilities and Communications did not bring AB 7 up for a vote and the bill died. While I will not be coming back as a State Assemblymember next year, I will continue my advocacy at the state and federal level to uphold Californians' will to get rid of our outdated practice of switching the clock back and forth twice a year. I urge everyone who voted for Prop 7 to reach out to your state and federal representatives and ask them to continue my effort in the upcoming legislative session.\" In 2020, Assemblymember Lorena Gonzalez, who was a co-author of both Prop 7 and AB 7, expressed interest in a new bill. She has noted that medical consensus supports permanent standard time and opposes permanent daylight saving time, and that federal law makes permanent standard time the quicker path to ending clock", "title": "2018 California Proposition 7" }, { "docid": "350499", "text": "William Willett (10 August 1856 – 4 March 1915) was a British builder and a promoter of British Summer Time. Biography Willett was born in Farnham, Surrey, and educated at the Philological School. After some commercial experience, he entered his father's building business, Willett Building Services. Between them they created a reputation for \"Willett built\" quality houses in choice parts of London and the south, including Chelsea and Hove, including Derwent House. He lived most of his life in Chislehurst, Kent, where, it is said, after riding his horse in Petts Wood near his home early one summer morning and noticing how many blinds were still down, the idea for daylight saving time first occurred to him. This was not the first time that the idea of adapting to daylight hours had been mooted, however. It was common practice in the ancient world, and in 1784 a light-hearted satire by Benjamin Franklin resulted in resurrecting the idea. Although Franklin's suggestion was simply that people should get up earlier in summer, he is often erroneously attributed as the inventor of DST while Willett is often ignored. Modern DST was first proposed by New Zealand entomologist George Vernon Hudson, although many publications incorrectly credit Willett. Using his own financial resources, in 1907 William published a pamphlet \"The Waste of Daylight\". In it he proposed that the clocks should be advanced by 80 minutes in four incremental steps during April and reversed the same way during September. The evenings would then remain light for longer, increasing daylight recreation time and also saving £2.5 million in lighting costs. He suggested that the clocks should be advanced by 20 minutes at a time at 2 am on successive Sundays in April and be reversed in September. Through vigorous campaigning, by 1908 Willett had managed to gain the support of a member of parliament (MP), Robert Pearce, who made several unsuccessful attempts to get it passed into law. A young Winston Churchill promoted it for a time, and the idea was examined again by a parliamentary select committee in 1909 but again nothing was done. The outbreak of the First World War made the issue more important primarily because of the need to save coal. Germany had already introduced the scheme when the bill was finally passed in Britain on 17 May 1916 and the clocks were advanced by an hour on the following Sunday, 21 May, enacted as a wartime production-boosting device under the Defence of the Realm Act. It was subsequently adopted in many other countries. William Willett did not live to see daylight saving become law, as he died of influenza in 1915 at the age of 58. He is commemorated in Petts Wood by a memorial sundial, set permanently to daylight saving time. The Daylight Inn in Petts Wood is named in his honour as is the road Willett Way. His house in Chislehurst is marked with a blue plaque. He is buried in St Nicholas' Churchyard, Chislehurst, although a memorial to", "title": "William Willett" }, { "docid": "33467550", "text": "Daylight saving time in Turkey was implemented throughout the country in the periods of 1940–1952, 1962–1965, 1973–1978, and 1985–2016. In 2016, Turkey scrapped winter time, by permanently staying in UTC+03:00 daylight saving time zone after 8 September. Whether daylight saving time is beneficial or not was a controversial issue. In this regard, the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources had published various surveys and articles in order to make the subject known to the broader public and to form an opinion. With the decision of the Cabinet convened in 2013, the practice was terminated with the decision to turn the clocks back one hour on 27 October 2013. History It is believed that the practice of daylight saving time started to be discussed in Turkey with the enactment of Law No. 697 from 26 December 1925. There are different sources regarding the history of the practice. It was observed that the practice was adopted with a delay by the rural people before the 1950s. The practice officially started with the decision of the Council of Ministers that came into force on July 1, 1940. The practice was suspended between 1952–1961. Likewise, the practice was suspended between 1965–1972. Afterwards, the implementation continued uninterrupted. In 2008, the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources recommended the abolition of the application, creating and using the UTC+02:30 time zone, but no progress was made on this proposal. For the year 2011, Turkey switched to European Summer Time at 3:00 am (03:00) on Monday 28 March, one day later than the rest of Europe, to avoid disrupting the national university entrance examinations held on 27 March. The Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources decided to abolish the application as of 2013. Starting from March 2013, it was planned to terminate the practice by staying in summer time and GMT+3 time zone. However, this proposal was later abandoned. According to the decree of the Council of Ministers from 7 September 2016, summer time has been made permanent in Turkey. Application Turkey is between 26th meridian east and 45th meridian east. Since there are 19 meridians between the easternmost and westernmost parts of Turkey, there is a time difference of 1 hour and 16 minutes between the easternmost and westernmost points. Prior to 2016, Turkey used the time of the 30th meridian east. Therefore, Coordinated Universal Time+2 (UTC+2) was used in Turkey, meaning that time in Turkey was two hours ahead of UTC. When the summer time applied, Turkey used the time of the 45th meridian east. Thus, the clocks were advanced one hour and time in Turkey became UTC+3. Daylight saving time (clock moved forward one hour) started on the last Sunday in March and ended on the last Sunday in October. Since 2016, Turkey stopped observing DST and remained in GMT+3 permanently. See also Time in Turkey Daylight saving time References Time in Turkey Turkey", "title": "Daylight saving time in Turkey" }, { "docid": "33472642", "text": "Parts of Australia, New Zealand and Fiji are areas of Oceania that currently observe daylight saving time (DST). By country and region Australia Present situation Currently, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, Australian Capital Territory, Jervis Bay Territory and South Australia apply DST each year, from the first Sunday in October to the first Sunday in April. The Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia and the external territories do not observe DST. History Daylight saving was first used in Australia during World War I, and was applied in all states. It was used again during the Second World War. A drought in Tasmania in 1967 led to the reintroduction during the summer, and this was repeated every summer since. In 1971, New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, and the Australian Capital Territory followed Tasmania in observing daylight saving, Western Australia and the Northern Territory did not. Queensland abandoned daylight saving time in 1972. Originally Tasmania alone commenced daylight saving on the first Sunday in October, while the other states began on the last Sunday in October and finished on the last Sunday in March, until 2008 excepting in 2000 when all the states observing DST moved forward the commencement date to Sunday, 27 August 2000 because of the Sydney Olympic Games which commenced in mid-September. From 2008/09 daylight saving has been extended another four weeks in NSW, Victoria, SA and the ACT, in addition to Tasmania, from the first Sunday in October to the first Sunday in April. Queensland again trialled daylight saving, for three years between 1989 and 1992, with a referendum on daylight saving held on 22 February 1992, which was defeated with a 54.5% ‘no’ vote - with regional and rural areas strongly opposed, while those in the metropolitan South East Queensland were in favour. In December 2008, the Daylight Saving for South East Queensland (DS4SEQ) political party was officially registered, advocating the implementation of a dual-time zone arrangement for Daylight Saving in South East Queensland while the rest of the state maintains standard time. The party contested the March 2009 Queensland State election with 32 candidates and received around one percent of the state-wide primary vote, equating to around 2.5% across the 32 electorates contested. On 14 April 2010, and after being approached by the Daylight Saving for South East Queensland (DS4SEQ) political party, Queensland Independent member Peter Wellington, introduced the Daylight Saving for South East Queensland Referendum Bill 2010 into Queensland Parliament, calling for a referendum to be held at the next State election on the introduction of daylight saving into South East Queensland under a dual-time zone arrangement. The Bill was defeated in Queensland Parliament on 15 June 2011. In Western Australia, four referendums in 1975, 1984, 1992 and 2009 have rejected DST. In 2006, the Parliament of Western Australia approved a three-year daylight saving trial to be followed by a referendum to decide whether DST should be put in place permanently. However, public opposition mounted during the first year of the trial, and the", "title": "Daylight saving time in Oceania" }, { "docid": "33464912", "text": "Each state and territory of Australia determines whether or not to use daylight saving time (DST). However, during World War I and World War II all states and territories had daylight saving by federal law, under the defence power in section 51 of the constitution. In 1968, Tasmania was the first state since the war to adopt daylight saving. In 1971, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria, and the Australian Capital Territory also adopted daylight saving, while Western Australia and the Northern Territory did not. Queensland abandoned daylight saving in 1972. Queensland and Western Australia have observed daylight saving over the past 40 years from time to time on a trial basis. As of 2024, New South Wales, the Australian Capital Territory, Victoria, Tasmania and South Australia observe DST every year, while Queensland, the Northern Territory and Western Australia do not. This causes the mainland's three standard time zones to increase to five during the daylight-saving period. South Australia time diverges from Northern Territory time to become UTC+10:30, known as Central Daylight Time (CDT) or Australia Central Daylight Time (ACDT), while the time in the southeastern states diverges from Queensland time to become UTC+11:00, known as Eastern Daylight Time (EDT) or Australia Eastern Daylight Time (AEDT). Officially, the change to and from DST takes place at 02:00 local standard time (which is 03:00 DST) on the appropriate Sunday. Of the states that observe DST, most began on the last Sunday in October, and ended on the last Sunday in March, until 2007. Tasmania, owing to its further southern latitude began DST earlier, on the first Sunday in October, and ended on the last Sunday in March. In the 2007–08 season, Tasmania started on the first Sunday in October whilst the ACT, NSW, Vic and SA started in the last Sunday in October. As part of the transition to earlier daylight saving, those states and Tasmania all finished on the first Sunday in April. For subsequent years, DST in the south-eastern states and SA now starts on the first Sunday in October, finishing on the first Sunday in April the next year. Western Australia was not affected by these changes to DST, being the only state in 2007–08 to observe daylight saving from the last Sunday in October to the last Sunday in March. However, since 2009, it is on Standard time all year round. Debate over daylight saving time – trials, referendums and politics Queensland Queensland had a particularly involved debate over daylight-saving time, with public opinion geographically divided. A referendum on daylight saving was held on 22 February 1992, following a three-year trial (1989/90 – 1991/92), and was defeated with a 54.5% 'no' vote. The referendum result displayed a distinct trend – that public opinion on daylight saving in Queensland is geographically divided, with the 'no' vote strongest in the north and west regional districts, while the 'yes' vote was strongest in the state's metropolitan south-east. Since the early 2000s, there have been a number of petitions submitted", "title": "Daylight saving time in Australia" }, { "docid": "69135236", "text": "A referendum concerning whether daylight saving should be continued in New South Wales was put to voters in conjunction with the state election on 1 May 1976 and was carried with a comfortable majority. Background Daylight saving had been introduced in Australia at the end of World War I, from 1 January to 31 March 1917. It was re-introduced during World War II for 3 summers from 1 January 1942. It was first introduced in peace time on 31 October 1971. Neither the governing Liberal/Country coalition nor the Labor opposition campaigned on the issue, with the debate taken up by single interest organisations. Yes case The Daylight Savings Association argued that daylight savings (1) reduced power consumption (2) led to more leisure time for outdoor activities and (3) reduced the road toll. No case The Anti-daylight Savings Association's case was that (1) people had difficulty sleeping because their houses did not cool until later in the night (2) country children had to travel to school in the dark and return in the heat of the afternoon (3) Chickens and dairy cows were less productive because of the change of hours of farm hands. Additional arguments put were that children were irritated in the afternoon heat causing more difficulty for young mothers and that adapting to change was difficult for old people. The question The voting paper contained the following directions to the elector: Results See also Referendums in New South Wales Referendums in Australia References 1976 referendums Referendums in New South Wales November 1976 events 1970s in New South Wales Daylight saving time in Australia", "title": "1976 New South Wales daylight saving referendum" }, { "docid": "1638214", "text": "The Newfoundland Time Zone (NT) is a geographic region that keeps time by subtracting 3.5 hours from Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) during standard time, resulting in UTC−03:30; or subtracting 2.5 hours during daylight saving time. The clock time in this zone is based on the mean solar time of the meridian 52 degrees and 30 arcminutes west of the Greenwich Observatory. It is observed solely in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. The Newfoundland Time Zone is the only active time zone with a half-hour offset from UTC in the Americas. Scope Officially, per Newfoundland and Labrador provincial law, the entire province observes Newfoundland Time. In practice, however, Newfoundland Time is observed only on the island of Newfoundland, its smaller offshore islands, and the southeastern Labrador communities south of Black Tickle. The rest of Labrador, from Cartwright north and west, observes Atlantic Time along with the rest of Atlantic Canada. Southeastern Labrador prefers Newfoundland Time in part to synchronize with the schedule of radio broadcasts from Newfoundland. This time zone exists because of the location of the island and the fact that it was a separate dominion when time zones were established. Newfoundland lies squarely in the eastern half of the Atlantic Time Zone, with St. John's being exactly three-and-a-half hours from Greenwich. Since the Dominion of Newfoundland was separate from Canada, it had the right to adopt its own time zone when time zones were first created. While the entire province lies west of the standard meridian for a half-hour time zone, 52.5 degrees west longitude, this is also the near exact meridian of St. John's, the province's capital and largest city. In 1935, the Newfoundland Commission of Government adopted a Standard Time Act which set standard time across the Dominion of Newfoundland at 3.5 hours behind Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). In 1963, the Newfoundland government attempted to move the province to Atlantic Time in tandem with the rest of Atlantic Canada, but withdrew in the face of stiff public opposition. Daylight saving time is observed throughout the province. In 1988, the provincial government experimented with double daylight saving time, moving clocks ahead two hours during daylight saving time instead of just one. However, this forced children to go to school in the dark in October. In 2006, the province enacted an extension to daylight saving time, starting in 2007, following the lead of the United States and other Canadian provinces. This unusual time zone puts the island of Newfoundland an hour and a half ahead of Central Canada, a half hour ahead of the rest of Atlantic Canada, and half an hour behind Saint-Pierre and Miquelon. Because of this, it will hit milestones of time before (almost) any other part of the continent, a quirk that draws attention to Newfoundland. For instance, the Newfoundland releases of Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince and Halo 2 were publicized across Canada. Also, it is very common for the lone independently owned-and-operated TV station in the province, CJON-DT (known on-air", "title": "Newfoundland Time Zone" }, { "docid": "32924355", "text": "Samoa uses UTC+13:00 as standard time. Until the end of 2011, it used UTC−11:00 as standard time. Samoa observed daylight saving time from 2010 to 2021. As it is located just west of the International Date Line, Samoa is among the first places on Earth to see each new day, along with Tonga, Tokelau, and parts of Kiribati. Daylight saving time Because it is located near the equator, Samoa traditionally did not observe daylight saving time. The introduction of daylight saving time was initially planned for 2009 but was postponed for one year in the aftermath of the 2009 Samoa tsunami. From 2010 to 2021, Samoa observed daylight saving time during summer in the Southern Hemisphere. From 2012 to 2021, the schedule was synchronised with neighboring New Zealand, from the last Sunday in September at 03:00 UTC+13:00 (changing to 04:00 UTC+14:00) to the first Sunday in April at 04:00 UTC+14:00 (changing to 03:00 UTC+13:00). 2011 time zone change Until the end of 2011, Samoa lay east of the International Date Line, observing UTC−11:00 (UTC−10:00 during daylight saving time). This was in line with neighboring American Samoa, which continues to observe UTC−11:00 (Samoa Time Zone) all year. At the end of Thursday, 29 December 2011, Samoa continued directly to Saturday, 31 December 2011, skipping the entire calendar day of Friday, 30 December 2011 and effectively re-drawing the International Date Line. Prime minister Tuilaepa Sailele Malielegaoi stated that the change was intended to improve business with New Zealand, Australia, China, and other places in Asia. IANA time zone database The IANA time zone database in the file zone.tab contains one zone for Samoa, named \"Pacific/Apia\". References", "title": "Time in Samoa" }, { "docid": "496028", "text": "The Eastern Time Zone (ET) is a time zone encompassing part or all of 23 states in the eastern part of the United States, parts of eastern Canada, and the state of Quintana Roo in Mexico. Places that use: Eastern Standard Time (EST), when observing standard time (autumn/winter), are five hours behind Coordinated Universal Time (UTC−05:00). Eastern Daylight Time (EDT), when observing daylight saving time (spring/summer), are four hours behind Coordinated Universal Time (UTC−04:00). On the second Sunday in March, at 2:00 a.m. EST, clocks are advanced to 3:00 a.m. EDT leaving a one-hour gap. On the first Sunday in November, at 2:00 a.m. EDT, clocks are moved back to 1:00 a.m. EST, which results in one hour being duplicated. Panama and Jamaica do not observe DST. History The boundaries of the Eastern Time Zone have moved westward since the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) took over time-zone management from railroads in 1938. The easternmost and northernmost counties in Kentucky were added to the zone in the 1940s, and in 1961 most of the state went Eastern. In 2000, Wayne County, on the Tennessee border, switched from Central to Eastern Time. Within the United States, the Eastern Time Zone is the most populous region, with nearly half of the country's population. In March 2019, the Florida Legislature passed a bill requesting authorization from Congress for year-round daylight saving time, which would effectively put Florida on Atlantic Standard Time year-round (except for west of the Apalachicola River, which would be on Eastern Standard Time year-round). A similar bill was proposed for the Canadian province of Ontario by its legislative assembly in late 2020, which would have a similar effect on the province if passed. Daylight saving time For those in the United States, daylight saving time for the Eastern Time Zone was introduced by the Uniform Time Act of 1966, which specified that daylight saving time would run from the last Sunday of April until the last Sunday in October. The act was amended to make the first Sunday in April the beginning of daylight saving time beginning in 1987. Later, the Energy Policy Act of 2005 extended daylight saving time in the United States, beginning in 2007. Since then, local times change at 2:00 a.m. EST to 3:00 a.m. EDT on the second Sunday in March, and return from 2:00 a.m. EDT to 1:00 a.m. EST on the first Sunday in November. In Canada, daylight saving time begins and ends on the same days and at the same times as it does in the United States. Canada In Canada, the following provinces and territories are part of the Eastern Time Zone: Within Canada, as with the United States, the Eastern Time Zone is the most populous time zone. Most of Ontario Most of Quebec Most of Nunavut Most of Canada observes daylight saving time synchronously with the United States, with the exception of Saskatchewan, Yukon, and several other very localized areas. None of those areas are in the Eastern Time Zone.", "title": "Eastern Time Zone" }, { "docid": "2928737", "text": "Australia uses three main time zones: Australian Eastern Standard Time (AEST; UTC+10:00), Australian Central Standard Time (ACST; UTC+09:30) and Australian Western Standard Time (AWST; UTC+08:00). Time is regulated by the individual state governments, some of which observe daylight saving time (DST). Daylight saving time (+1 hour) is used between the first Sunday in October and the first Sunday in April in jurisdictions in the south and south-east: New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, Jervis Bay Territory and the Australian Capital Territory switches to the Australian Eastern Daylight Saving Time (AEDT; UTC+11:00), and South Australia switches to the Australian Central Daylight Saving Time (ACDT; UTC+10:30). Standard time was introduced in the 1890s when all of the Australian colonies adopted it. Before the switch to standard time zones, each local city or town was free to determine its local time, called local mean time. Now, Western Australia uses Western Standard Time; South Australia and the Northern Territory use Central Standard Time; while New South Wales, Queensland, Tasmania, Victoria, Jervis Bay Territory, and the Australian Capital Territory use Eastern Standard Time. Daylight saving time is not currently used in Western Australia, the Northern Territory, or Queensland. The Cocos (Keeling) Islands uses UTC+06:30 year round, Christmas Island uses UTC+07:00 year round, while Norfolk Island uses UTC+11:00 as standard time and UTC+12:00 as daylight saving time. History The standardisation of time in Australia began in 1892, when surveyors from the six colonies in Australia met in Melbourne for the Intercolonial Conference of Surveyors. The delegates accepted the recommendation of the 1884 International Meridian Conference to adopt Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) as the basis for standard time. The colonies enacted time zone legislation, which took effect in February 1895. The clocks were set ahead of GMT by 8 hours in Western Australia; by 9 hours in South Australia (and the Northern Territory, which it governed); and by 10 hours in Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, and Tasmania. The three time zones became known as Western Standard Time, Central Standard Time, and Eastern Standard Time. Broken Hill in the far west of New South Wales (strictly speaking, the county of Yancowinna) also adopted Central Standard Time due to it being connected at the time by rail to Adelaide but not Sydney. In May 1899, in a break with the common international practice of setting one-hour intervals between adjacent time zones, South Australia advanced Central Standard Time by thirty minutes after lobbying by businesses who wanted to be closer to Melbourne time and cricketers and footballers who wanted more daylight to practice in the evenings. It also meant that South Australia became one of only a few places in the world which uses a time-zone meridian located outside of its geographical boundaries. Attempts to undo this change in 1986 and 1994 failed. In 1911, when the Northern Territory was separated from South Australia and placed under the jurisdiction of the Federal Government, the Territory kept Central Standard Time. Likewise, when the ACT and Jervis Bay Territory were broken off", "title": "Time in Australia" }, { "docid": "53207358", "text": "The Daylight Saving Party is an Australian political party in Western Australia. It was founded in September 2016 by brothers Brett and Wilson Tucker. It was registered as a political party on 29 November 2016. The party was deregistered in February 2023, but remains active. Background Western Australia does not observe daylight saving time, and has rejected it in referendums in 1975, 1984, 1992 and 2009. Western Australia trialled daylight saving for three years before the 2009 referendum, and one summer before each of the earlier referendums. Four states of Australia do have daylight saving, so the time zone difference between them and Western Australia is one hour further during summer as Western Australia is the westernmost state of Australia. Australia's Indian Ocean territories of Christmas Island and Cocos (Keeling) Islands also do not observe daylight saving and have year-round offsets of 60 and 90 minutes from Western Australia. An earlier Daylight Savings Party registration in 2005 was cancelled in 2008 when the Electoral Commissioner found that it did not have at least 500 members. That party fielded one candidate each in five of the six regions in the September 2008 election before being deregistered in November the same year. History The Daylight Saving Party has fielded two candidates in each of the six regions for the Western Australian Legislative Council at the 2017 Western Australian election. Voting for the legislative council uses group voting tickets, and preference deals amongst five minor parties orchestrated by Glenn Druery mean that the Daylight Saving Party has its best chance of winning a seat in the South Metropolitan Region. The other four parties involved in the preference deal are Family First, Liberal Democrats, Flux the System and Fluoride Free. Wilson Tucker was elected in the 2021 Western Australian state election for the Mining and Pastoral electoral region with 98 primary votes (0.23%). The party was deregistered as a political party in February 2023, but remains active. Tucker continued to sit in the Legislative Council as an independent. See also Daylight Saving for South East Queensland Notes References External links Single-issue political parties in Australia Political parties in Western Australia Political parties established in 2016 2016 establishments in Australia Daylight saving time in Australia", "title": "Daylight Saving Party" }, { "docid": "27960434", "text": "Time in the Czech Republic is given by Central European Time (: UTC+01:00) and Central European Summer Time (: UTC+02:00). Daylight saving time is observed from the last Sunday in March (2:00 CET) to the last Sunday in October (3:00 CEST). The Czech Republic has observed Central European Time since 1979. Until 1993 when Czechoslovakia was separated into the Czech Republic and Slovakia, they also had Central European Time and Central European Summer Time. After the summer months, time in the Czech Republic is shifted back by one hour to Central European Time. Like most states in Europe, Summer time (daylight saving time) is observed in the Czech Republic, when time is shifted forward by one hour, two hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time. Notation IANA time zone database In the IANA time zone database the republic is covered by Europe/Prague. See also List of time zones by country List of time zones by UTC offset References External links Looking for the current time in the Czech Republic? Time zone and daylight saving time for Czech Republic Current local time in Czech Republic Welcome to the Czech Republic - Time zone", "title": "Time in the Czech Republic" }, { "docid": "36184310", "text": "Time in Arizona, as in all U.S. states, is regulated by the United States Department of Transportation as well as by state and tribal law. All of Arizona is in the Mountain Time Zone. Since 1968, most of the state—except the Navajo Nation—does not observe daylight saving time and remains on Mountain Standard Time (MST) all year. This results in most of Arizona having the same time as neighboring California each year from March to November, when locations in the Pacific Time Zone observe daylight saving time. Daylight saving time Unlike most of the United States, Arizona does not observe daylight saving time (DST), with the exception of the Navajo Nation, which does observe DST. The Hopi Reservation, which is not part of the Navajo Nation but is geographically surrounded by it, also does not observe DST. For this reason, driving the length of Arizona State Route 264 east from Tuba City while DST is in place involves six time zone changes in less than . Reasoning Because of Arizona's hot climate, DST is largely considered counterproductive. The argument against extending the daylight hours into the evening is that people prefer to do their activities in the cooler morning temperatures. The Navajo Nation, a semi-autonomous Native American territory, follows the United States DST schedule. It lies in northeastern Arizona, northwestern New Mexico, and southeastern Utah and thus maintains the same time throughout tribal lands despite state borders. Legislative history On March 21, 1968, the Arizona legislature passed the final version of SB 1, placing Arizona under standard time. The bill had been working its way through the legislature since January of that year, and was sponsored by state Senators Tenney, Goetze, Porter, Halacy, Garfield, Campbell, Lewis, Gregovich, Giss, Crowley, and Holsclaw. It passed the Senate 25–3–2, and afterwards the bill was passed by the House 49–1–10. It was approved by Governor Jack Williams the same day. tz database The tz database version contains two entries for Arizona: Example When daylight saving is not active, the time in Phoenix and Albuquerque, New Mexico, is the same (Mountain Standard Time), and both are one hour ahead of Los Angeles, California (Pacific Standard Time). When daylight saving is active, the time in Phoenix (Mountain Standard Time) and Los Angeles (Pacific Daylight Time) is the same, and both are one hour behind Albuquerque (Mountain Daylight Time). The time in Navajo Nation is always the same as in Albuquerque. References Arizona Geography of Arizona", "title": "Time in Arizona" }, { "docid": "30746786", "text": "Daylight saving time was trialled in the state of Queensland, Australia, during the 1989/90 season, with the trial extended for a further two years—1990/91 and 1991/92. The last full day of daylight saving in Queensland was Saturday 29 February 1992, with clocks officially wound back an hour on Sunday 1 March at 3am. Daylight Saving Task Force During the initial one-year trial in 1989/90, a Daylight Saving Task Force was appointed to monitor and report community opinions, as well as provide recommendations to the Queensland Government. The task force made five recommendations, of which only two were implemented, these being: the extension of the daylight saving trial for a further two years (1990/91 – 1991/92); and that a statewide referendum be held after the extended daylight saving trial period. The task force had noted that the Brisbane and Moreton regions (south-east Queensland) were \"clearly in favour of daylight saving\", which led them to the following further recommendation: \"that daylight saving be introduced for that part of the State east of 151°East longitude\", i.e., that there be a dual time zone arrangement for Queensland. Daylight saving referendum After trialling daylight saving in Queensland for a total of three years, a referendum was held on 22 February 1992, with the question: \"Are you in favour of daylight saving?\" It was defeated with a 54.5% 'no' vote. The referendum result displayed the same distinct trend that the task force had recognised—that public opinion on daylight saving in Queensland is geographically divided, with the 'no' vote strongest in the north and west regional districts, while the 'yes' vote was strongest in the state's metropolitan south-east. See also Time in Australia Daylight saving time References External links Queensland Parliament website Electoral Commission Queensland website Referendums in Queensland 1992 elections in Australia 1992 in Australian law 1992 referendums Daylight saving time in Australia 1990s in Queensland February 1992 events in Australia", "title": "1992 Queensland daylight saving referendum" }, { "docid": "67581994", "text": "Iceland observes UTC±00:00 year-round, known as Greenwich Mean Time or Western European Time. UTC±00:00 was adopted on 7 April 1968 – in order for Iceland to be in sync with Europe – replacing UTC−01:00, which had been the standard time zone since 16 November 1907. Iceland previously observed daylight saving time, moving the clock forward one hour, between 1917 and 1921, and 1939 and 1968. The start and end dates varied, as decided by the government. Between 1941 and 1946, daylight saving time commenced on the first Sunday in March and ended in late October, and between 1947 and 1967 it commenced on the first Sunday in April, in all instances since 1941 occurring and ending at 02:00. Since 1994, there have been an increasing number of proposals made to the Althing to reintroduce daylight saving time for a variety of reasons, but all such proposals and resolutions have been rejected. Most of Iceland lies within the geographical UTC−01:00 offset, including the capital Reykjavík, while the westernmost points of Iceland located west of 22.5° West, including Ísafjörður, lie within the geographical UTC−02:00 offset. Despite this, Iceland observes UTC±00:00 in order to be in sync with Europe, which results in noon being 88 minutes behind other countries in the same offset. Health experts have argued that this gives Icelandic teenagers social jet lag as the daylight is a misalignment of biological and social time, which consequently results in detrimental health effects. Despite this, however, the government released a statement in 2020 announcing they will not be switching time zones. History As Iceland has no international borders nor a railway system, there was no need for a standard time zone across the country. Cities and localities in Iceland were free to pick to observe any time zone they wished, usually based on their mean solar time. This changed at the beginning of the 20th century, with the foundation of Iceland's national telephone company, Landssíminn, in 1906, which allowed for near real-time communication. Accordingly, a law was passed in the Althing on 16 November 1907 stipulating that UTC−01:00 be adopted as the national time zone of Iceland. This was chosen as the majority of Iceland, and particularly the capital Reykjavík, is geographically located within said offset. Daylight saving time, which moved the clock forward one hour to UTC±00:00, was first attempted between 1917 and 1921. The start and end dates varied, as decided by the government. Daylight saving time was again reintroduced between 1939 and 1968. Between 1941 and 1946, daylight saving time commenced on the first Sunday in March and ended in late October, and between 1947 and 1967 it commenced on the first Sunday in April. In all instances since 1941, daylight saving time commenced at 02:00 and ended at 02:00. Abolishment of daylight saving time and adoption of UTC±00:00 In 1968, astronomers Traustur Einarsson and Þorsteinn Sæmundsson from the University of Iceland made a proposal to the Althing to abolish daylight saving time and adopt UTC±00:00 year-round. They argued that", "title": "Time in Iceland" } ]	[ "1918" ]
train_31307	who did the cubs beat last year to win the world series	[ { "docid": "50525286", "text": "The 2016 National League Division Series were two best-of-five-game series to determine the participating teams in the 2016 National League Championship Series. The three divisional winners (seeded 1–3) and a fourth team—the winner of a one-game Wild Card playoff— played in two series. FS1 and MLB Network carried all the games in the United States. These matchups were: (1) Chicago Cubs (Central Division champions) vs (5) San Francisco Giants (Wild Card Winner): Cubs win series 3–1. (2) Washington Nationals (East Division champions) vs (3) Los Angeles Dodgers (West Division champions): Dodgers win series 3–2. The Dodgers defeated the Nationals in five games and reached the National League Championship Series for the first time since 2013. The Cubs won the Division Series three games to one and advanced to the NLCS for the second consecutive year. This was the first and only playoff series loss of the Bruce Bochy-led Giants. The Cubs went on to defeat the Dodgers in the NLCS, then win the 2016 World Series over the American League champion Cleveland Indians. Their first World title since 1908. Matchups Chicago Cubs vs. San Francisco Giants Washington Nationals vs. Los Angeles Dodgers Chicago vs. San Francisco This was the second postseason meeting between the Cubs and Giants. Their last meeting was in the 1989 National League Championship Series, which the Giants won in five games. However, they did meet in a Wild Card tiebreaker in 1998 where the Cubs advanced, beating the Giants 5–3. Game 1 The Cubs began postseason play with starter Jon Lester on the mound facing Johnny Cueto for the Wild Card Game-winning Giants. In the pitching duel, Lester scattered five hits in eight innings of work, shutting out the Giants. Cueto also blanked the Cubs allowing only two hits until the eighth inning, when Javier Baez's home run into the left-field basket put the Cubs up 1–0. Aroldis Chapman in the ninth gave up a double to Buster Posey, but earned the save as the Cubs took a 1–0 series lead. Game 2 In Game 2, the host Cubs scored in the first inning on a Ben Zobrist single off former Cub Jeff Samardzija. Starting pitcher Kyle Hendricks had the key hit in the second inning, driving in two runs with a single up the middle. Kris Bryant drove in the Cubs' fourth run two batters later, ending Samardzija's day. In the top of the third, the Giants answered, scoring two runs on back-to-back doubles by Joe Panik and pinch-hitter Gregor Blanco and a sacrifice fly by Brandon Belt. Hendricks was hit in the arm by an Ángel Pagán line drive, forcing him to leave the game. Reliever Travis Wood ended the Giants' rally and, in the bottom half of the fourth, hit a home run to put the Cubs up 5–2. The homer was the first by a relief pitcher in a postseason game since 1924. The Cub bullpen of Carl Edwards Jr., Mike Montgomery, and Héctor Rondón shut down the Giants with Aroldis Chapman", "title": "2016 National League Division Series" }, { "docid": "535759", "text": "The Curse of the Billy Goat was a sports curse that was supposedly placed on the Chicago Cubs Major League Baseball (MLB) franchise in 1945, by Billy Goat Tavern owner William Sianis. The curse lasted 71 years, from 1945 to 2016. During Game 4 of the 1945 World Series at Wrigley Field, Sianis's pet goat, named Murphy, was bothering other fans, and so the pair were asked to leave the stadium. Outraged, Sianis allegedly declared, \"Them Cubs, they ain't gonna win no more\", which had been interpreted to mean that the Cubs would never win another National League (NL) pennant, at least for the remainder of Sianis's life. The Cubs lost the 1945 World Series to the Detroit Tigers, and did not win a pennant or World Series championship again until 2016. The Cubs had last won the World Series in 1908. After the incident with Sianis and Murphy, the Cubs did not play in the World Series for the next 71 years until, on the 46th anniversary of William Sianis's death, the \"curse\" was broken when they defeated the Los Angeles Dodgers 5–0 in Game 6 of the 2016 National League Championship Series to win the NL pennant. The Cubs then defeated the American League (AL) champion Cleveland Indians 8–7 in 10 innings in Game 7 to win the World Series, 108 years after their last win. Origins of the curse The exact nature of Sianis's curse differs in various accounts of the incident. Some state that he declared that no World Series games would ever again be played at Wrigley Field, while others believe that his ban was on the Cubs appearing in the World Series, making no mention of a specific venue. Sianis's family claims that he dispatched a telegram to team owner Philip K. Wrigley that read, “You are going to lose this World Series and you are never going to win another World Series again. You are never going to win a World Series again because you insulted my goat.” Whatever the truth, the Cubs were up two games to one in the 1945 World Series, but ended up losing Game 4, as well as the best-of-seven series, four games to three. The curse was immortalized in newspaper columns over the years, particularly by syndicated columnist Mike Royko. The curse gained widespread attention during the 2003 postseason, when Fox television commentators played it up during the Cubs-Marlins matchup in the National League Championship Series (NLCS). According to an account in the Chicago Sun of October 7, 1945, the goat was turned away at the gate, and Sianis left the goat tied to a stake in a parking lot and went into the game alone. There was mention of a lawsuit, but no mention of a curse. Between their 1908 triumph, which was the Cubs' second world championship (they'd also won the Series in 1907 to become baseball's first back-to-back winners as well as the first franchise to appear in three consecutive World Series), and 1945,", "title": "Curse of the Billy Goat" }, { "docid": "16999848", "text": "The 1976 Major League Baseball season ended with the Cincinnati Reds winning their second consecutive World Series championship. This was the last season of the expansion era (dating back to 1961) until 1993 in which the American League (AL) and the National League (NL) had the same number of teams. A lockout occurred during March 1–17, but it did not impact the regular season. The All-Star Game, held at Veterans Stadium in Philadelphia, was a 7–1 victory for the NL over the AL. The Reds won the 1976 World Series by sweeping the New York Yankees in four games; the Reds remain the only team to go undefeated in the postseason since the advent of the divisional era in 1969. It was the Reds' last title until Lou Piniella led the team to a championship in . This was the second time that the Yankees were swept in a World Series, the first having been by the Los Angeles Dodgers in the 1963 World Series. Standings American League National League Postseason Bracket Awards and honors July–October July 8 – At Wrigley Field, Randy Jones wins his 16th game of the year for the San Diego Padres, a National League record for wins at the All-Star break. He beats the Chicago Cubs 6–3. In the second half of the season, Jones will lose seven games by one run, two of them by 1–0 scores. July 9 – In Montreal, the Houston Astros' Larry Dierker no-hits the host Montreal Expos, 6–0. He strikes out eight batters, including the first two in the ninth inning. Dierker had previously thrown two one-hitters. July 13 – The National League emerges victorious in the annual All-Star Game by a score of 7–1. George Foster, one of seven Cincinnati Reds position players on the squad, hits a home run with three RBI, and is named the MVP. Rookie pitcher Mark Fidrych gives up two runs and takes the loss. It is the NL's 13th win over the American League in the last 14 games. July 19 – Willie Davis of the San Diego Padres gets his 2500th hit versus the Chicago Cubs, a single in the 4th off of Bill Bonham at San Diego Stadium. The Padres won 3-2. July 20 – Hank Aaron hits the 755th and last home run of his career, connecting off Dick Drago of the California Angels. July 23 – In a game against the Taiyō Whales, Sadaharu Oh of the Yomiuri Giants hits his 700th home run, the first player in Nippon Professional Baseball to do so. July 24 – In a 17-2 blowout of the Chicago White Sox, Lyman Bostock becomes the fourth Minnesota Twin to hit for the cycle. Batting fourth for the first time ever, he goes four-for-four, with four RBI and four runs scored. July 26 – Carl Yastrzemski of the Boston Red Sox gets his 2500th hit versus the Cleveland Indians, a double in the 1st off of Stan Thomas at Fenway Park. The Red Sox", "title": "1976 Major League Baseball season" }, { "docid": "48064421", "text": "The 2016 Chicago Cubs season was the 145th season of the Chicago Cubs franchise, the 141st in the National League and the Cubs' 101st season at Wrigley Field. The Cubs were managed by Joe Maddon in his second year as Cubs manager, and played their home games at Wrigley Field as members of the National League Central. They began the season on April 4, 2016 at the Los Angeles Angels and finished the regular season on October 2, 2016 at the Cincinnati Reds. The Cubs finished with the best record in Major League Baseball at 103–58 (and 1 tie), and won their first National League Central title since the 2008 season, winning by 17½ games. The team also reached the 100-win mark for the first time since 1935 and won 103 total games, the most wins for the franchise since 1910. The Cubs defeated the San Francisco Giants in the NLDS and returned to the NLCS for the second year in a row, where they defeated the Los Angeles Dodgers in six games. The Cubs defeated the Cleveland Indians in seven games in the World Series, their first appearance since the 1945 World Series and first win since the 1908 World Series. In the World Series, the Cubs came back from a three-games-to-one deficit, winning the final three games. The last time a team came back from a three-games-to-one deficit to win the World Series was the Kansas City Royals in 1985. The Cubs were also the first team to win Games 6 and 7 on the road in a World Series since the Pittsburgh Pirates did it against the Baltimore Orioles in 1979. The World Series victory put an end to the so-called Curse of the Billy Goat and the longest World Series championship drought in history. Previous season The Cubs finished the 2015 season 97–65, in third place in the Central Division, but qualified for the playoffs for the first time since 2008 as the second wild card. They defeated the Pittsburgh Pirates in the National League Wild Card Game to advance the National League Division Series to face the St. Louis Cardinals. Facing their rival for the first time in playoff history, the Cubs defeated the Cardinals three games to one to advance to the National League Championship Series for the first time since 2003. Facing the New York Mets in the NLCS, the Cubs were swept in four games. Offseason Broadcast changes After just one year broadcasting on WBBM (780), the Cubs announced the move of their play-by-play to CBS Radio sister station WSCR (670) for the 2016 season, taking advantage of a contract clause allowing the move to WSCR after CBS let their rights to White Sox play-by-play lapse. Transactions November 2015 December February 2016 Regular season Game log \|-style=\"background:#cfc\" \|1\|\|April 4\|\|@ Angels\|\|9–0\|\|Arrieta (1–0)\|\|Richards (0–1)\|\|—\|\|44,020\|\|1–0\|\|W1 \|-style=\"background:#cfc\" \|2\|\|April 5\|\|@ Angels\|\|6–1\|\|Lester (1–0)\|\|Heaney (0–1)\|\|—\|\|37,042\|\|2–0\|\|W2 \|-style=\"background:#cfc\" \|3\|\|April 7\|\|@ D-backs\|\|14–6\|\|Lackey (1–0)\|\|De La Rosa (0–1)\|\|—\|\|24,656\|\|3–0\|\|W3 \|-style=\"background:#fbb\" \|4\|\|April 8\|\|@ D-backs\|\|2–3\|\|Ziegler (1–0)\|\|Cahill (0–1)\|\|—\|\|27,539\|\|3–1\|\|L1 \|-style=\"background:#cfc\" \|5\|\|April 9\|\|@ D-backs\|\|4–2\|\|Hendricks (1–0)\|\|Greinke (0–2)\|\|Rondón (1)\|\|32,185\|\|4–1\|\|W1 \|-style=\"background:#cfc\" \|6\|\|April 10\|\|@", "title": "2016 Chicago Cubs season" }, { "docid": "50525282", "text": "The 2016 National League Championship Series was a best-of-seven playoff in which the Chicago Cubs defeated the Los Angeles Dodgers for the National League (NL) pennant and the right to play in the 2016 World Series against the Cleveland Indians. As the Division Series winner with the best regular season record in the National League, the Cubs earned home-field advantage regardless of opponent. The series was the 47th in league history. FS1 televised all of the games in the United States. The Cubs would go on to defeat the Cleveland Indians in the World Series in seven games, after overcoming a 3–1 series deficit, winning their first World Series championship in 108 years, and ending the Curse of the Billy Goat. Background The 2016 NLCS was the Cubs' second consecutive NLCS appearance and fifth overall. Chicago lost its first four NLCS appearances, in 1984, 1989, 2003, and most recently were swept in the 2015 National League Championship Series. This was the first time the Cubs have made back-to-back NLCS appearances. The Cubs had not won a World Series championship since 1908 or played in the World Series since 1945. This was the Dodgers' 11th overall appearance in the NLCS. Los Angeles was in the NLCS for the first time since losing the 2013 National League Championship Series to the St. Louis Cardinals. The Dodgers split their previous ten NLCS appearances, with their most recent victory in 1988, the same year they last appeared in and won the World Series. This was the second postseason meeting between the Cubs and the Dodgers. Their only other postseason series was the 2008 National League Division Series, in which the Dodgers swept the Cubs in three games, this postseason matchup would happen again in the 2017 NLCS, with the Dodgers winning four games to one. The Cubs won the regular season series 4 games to 3. Chicago won three of the four games played at Wrigley Field from May 30 to June 2, while Los Angeles took two out of three games played at Dodger Stadium from August 26 to 28. With the Cubs' and Dodgers' appearances, the winning team was guaranteed to end a pennant drought of at least 28 years. The last time an NLCS had two teams that had pennant droughts of more than 25 years was 1989, when the Giants had a 27-year drought and the Cubs a 44-year drought. Summary Game summaries Game 1 With Clayton Kershaw needed to unexpectedly close out the 2016 National League Division Series against the Washington Nationals and Rich Hill having to start that game on three days' rest, the Dodgers turned to Kenta Maeda to open this series. Opposing him was Cubs' ace Jon Lester. Chicago got to Maeda early. Dexter Fowler singled to lead off the first and scored on Kris Bryant's double. Jason Heyward tripled to lead off the second and scored on Javier Báez's double. Baez moved to third on a wild pitch, then stole home to make it 3–0", "title": "2016 National League Championship Series" }, { "docid": "350420", "text": "The South Bend Cubs are a Minor League Baseball team of the Midwest League and the High-A affiliate of the Chicago Cubs. They are located in South Bend, Indiana, and play their home games at Four Winds Field at Coveleski Stadium. The team was originally known as the South Bend White Sox from 1988 to 1993 during their affiliation with the Chicago White Sox, a partnership that lasted until 1997. They were called the South Bend Silver Hawks from 1994 to 2014. From 1998 to 2014, they were affiliates of the Arizona Diamondbacks. They then became an affiliate of the Chicago Cubs and became the South Bend Cubs in 2015. History South Bend, Indiana, was awarded a Midwest League franchise in 1988. Originally affiliated with the Chicago White Sox and bearing the name of the parent club, the team was renamed in 1994. The name \"Silver Hawks\" was chosen as an homage to the once popular Studebaker Silver Hawk automobile, which was manufactured in South Bend. Notable former players include Brandon Webb, and Justin Upton, the number 1 overall draft pick in 2005. The team's home park is Four Winds Field at Coveleski Stadium. The stadium was built in 1987 and named for Stanley Coveleski, the Hall of Fame pitcher who retired to South Bend after a career in major league baseball that included pitching three complete games to help the Cleveland Indians win the 1920 World Series. On September 5, 2013, the South Bend Silver Hawks announced an agreement with the Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians, owners of Four Winds Casinos, for naming rights to the field. The field is now known as Four Winds Field. As part of the agreement, a permanent bronze memorial bearing the name and likeness of Stanley Coveleski is located at the main entrance in his honor. Despite playing through rumors of sale and relocation in the near future to Marion, Illinois, the Silver Hawks managed a championship season in 2005, beating the Wisconsin Timber Rattlers and winning the 2005 Midwest League Championship. The team also won league titles in 1989 and 1993. Former Indiana Governor (and former South Bend Mayor) Joe Kernan formed an investment group to purchase the Silver Hawks in 2005. At the time, Kernan made it clear that a principal objective of the group was to keep the team from leaving South Bend. New ownership In November 2011, Andrew T. Berlin of Chicago, a limited partner of the Chicago Cubs and Chairman/CEO of Chicago-based Berlin Packaging and the new owner of the team, ensured his commitment to the city of South Bend by signing a 20-year cumulative lease agreement for the use of Coveleski Stadium. He then added a public commitment to the citizens of the region that he would invest $2.5 million of his own money to make upgrades to the city-owned stadium. This investment resulted in the construction of The Ivy at Berlin Place, a $22 million apartment complex consisting of 121 apartments overlooking the stadium's left field,", "title": "South Bend Cubs" } ]	[ { "docid": "1332393", "text": "The 1907 World Series was the championship series in Major League Baseball for the 1907 season. The fourth edition of the World Series, it featured the defending National League champion Chicago Cubs and the American League champion Detroit Tigers. The Cubs won the Series four games to none (with one tie) for their first championship. The series had been scheduled for two games in Chicago, three games in Detroit, and one game in Chicago (games beyond the first four, only if necessary). Had a seventh game been necessary, its location was to be decided by the league office. After the first game ended in a tie, the series did not move to Detroit until Game 4. The Cubs came back strong from their shocking loss in the 1906 World Series. The Tigers' young star Ty Cobb came into the Series with the first of his many league batting championships. With pitching dominance over the Tigers and Cobb, the Cubs allowed only three runs in the four games they won, while stealing 18 bases off the rattled Tigers. Each game was umpired by the two-man crew of Hank O'Day and Jack Sheridan. Summary Matchups Game 1 The Tigers scored three runs, largely due to three Cub errors, in the eighth inning and held a 3–1 lead going into the bottom of the ninth inning. The Cubs loaded the bases on a single, walk and infield error with one out. Detroit conceded a run on a ground ball for the second out, and Cub player-manager Frank Chance then pinch hit Del Howard for Joe Tinker. Wild Bill Donovan (25–4 in the regular season) struck him out, but the ball got away from catcher Boss Schmidt, allowing Harry Steinfeldt to score the tying run. Donovan got the next hitter, but the damage had been done. The teams then played three scoreless extra innings before the game was called on account of darkness and declared a tie, a World Series first. Donovan struck out 12 Cubs in the game. Although that matched Ed Walsh's total in Game 3 against the Cubs in 1906, Walsh had done so in nine innings while Donovan only struck out 10 batters in the first nine innings of the game. This was the closest the Tigers came to winning a game in this, their first Series. The Cubs committed five errors and struck out 12 times in the game, but nine stolen base attempts (seven successful) and five bunts (two for hits) set an aggressive offensive tone pressuring the Tigers for the rest of the series. Game 2 George Mullin, who both won and lost 20 games for Detroit in the regular season, and who had walked over 100 batters in each of his last five seasons, issued a bases-loaded walk in the bottom of the second, matching the Tiger run in the top of the inning and tying the score at 1–1. Chicago scored two more in the fourth on a single, sacrifice bunt, RBI single, stolen base", "title": "1907 World Series" }, { "docid": "1332209", "text": "The 1910 World Series was the championship series in Major League Baseball for the 1910 season. The seventh edition of the World Series, it was a best-of-seven playoff between the American League (AL) champion Philadelphia Athletics against the National League (NL) champion Chicago Cubs. The series was played from October 17 to 23, with the Athletics winning the series 4games to 1, clinching the team's first World Series. Jack Coombs of Philadelphia won three games and Eddie Collins supplied timely hitting. Background Philadelphia Athletics The Athletics were making their second appearance in the World Series. They had lost the 1905 edition four games to one against the New York Giants. They had dominated the American League, leading it since early May, and eventually winning it by games. Their pitcher Jack Coombs led the American League in wins with a 31–9 record, and the Athletics had the lowest ERA in the league by some margin. Chicago Cubs The Chicago Cubs were a dominant team in the first decade of the 1900s. They had already won two World Series, and been runners-up in another; this was their fourth appearance. The National League was initially closer than the American League, with the Cubs wrestling control of the division from the Pittsburgh Pirates in late May after a long winning streak. They never looked back, only increasing their lead over the course of the season. The Cubs' slugger Frank Schulte led the National League in home runs with 10, while pitcher King Cole had the lowest ERA in the league, 1.80. The Chicago Cubs won the division by 13 games. Series preview Before the series, pundits were split over who the favorites were. The pitching of the Athletics was generally held to be superior to that of the Cubs, as the Cubs pitchers were thought to be merely decent. The Cubs, however, were felt to have a stronger catcher in Johnny Kling, and slightly stronger batters as well. Altogether, Philadelphia had a younger team, while Chicago had an older but experienced group of players. Former coach Ned Hanlon picked the Athletics, as did former pitcher Jack Dunn. However, John McGraw, manager of the New York Giants, held that the Cubs would win the series. Before the series, the Athletics played the All-Stars, featuring Ty Cobb; they played poorly on the Friday before the Series, which lowered confidence in the ability of the Philadelphia team. Second baseman Johnny Evers was out injured for the Cubs, while outfielder and strong batter Rube Oldring was injured for the Athletics. This World Series featured a new ball, manufactured by the Reach Company. It had a cork center, not a rubber one. The ball was meant to be stronger and hold up better instead of becoming soft and losing its shape after being used for a long period of time. Summary Matchups Game 1 Connie Mack chose Chief Bender to start game 1, while Orval Overall was selected by Frank Chance. The second inning began with a double by", "title": "1910 World Series" }, { "docid": "7544877", "text": "John Albert Pfiester (May 24, 1878 – September 3, 1953) was an American professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball for the Pittsburgh Pirates and Chicago Cubs from 1903 to 1911 and helped the Cubs win two World Series championships. Career Born in Cincinnati, Ohio, Pfiester started his professional baseball career in the minor leagues in 1901. He played briefly for the Pirates in 1903 and 1904. In 1904, Pfiester played mostly for the Omaha Rangers of the Western League. He had a win–loss record of 24–11 for Omaha and helped the team win the league championship. In 1905, with the renamed Omaha Rourkes, Pfiester went 25–11 with a 1.76 earned run average. He had the second-most wins in the Western League. That year, he was purchased by the Cubs. In 1906, Pfiester played his first full major league season and went 20–8 with a 1.51 ERA, the second-best ERA in the National League. The 1906 Cubs had one of the best MLB seasons ever, winning the NL pennant and finishing with 116 wins. However, they were defeated in the 1906 World Series, with Pfiester going 0–2 in the series. The following year, he went 14–9 and led the NL with a 1.15 ERA. He won his only start of the 1907 World Series in Game 2, and the Cubs won the series. On September 23, 1908, during the Merkle's Boner game against the New York Giants, Pfiester pitched a complete game, allowing five hits, with a dislocated tendon in his pitching forearm. He had to be assisted off the field a few times after throwing curveballs. As soon as the game ended, he went to Ohio to be treated, and his tendon was snapped back into place by trainer Bonesetter Reese. Pfiester finished the season with a record of 12–10. After National League President Harry Pulliam ruled the Merkle's Boner game to have ended in a tie, Pfeister was called upon by Cubs manager Frank Chance to start the makeup game on October 8 in New York. Pfeister gave up a run in less than an inning of work before Chance had seen enough and called in Mordecai Brown, who held the Giants to just one run the rest of the way, ensuring a 4–2 Cubs triumph to capture the NL pennant. Pfeister lost his only start of the 1908 World Series in Game 3, but the Cubs won the series. It was the team's last championship until 2016. Pfiester went 17–6 with a 2.43 ERA in 1909. In 1910, his last full season in professional baseball, he went 6–3. He pitched in the 1910 World Series but did not get a decision, and the Cubs lost. In 1911, Pfiester went 1–4 before the Cubs traded him to the minor leagues in May, and he never played in the majors again. Pfiester finished his MLB career with a 71–44 win–loss record. His career ERA in MLB was 2.02, which is the fourth-lowest of all time among pitchers", "title": "Jack Pfiester" }, { "docid": "13934710", "text": "The 1906 Chicago Cubs season was the 35th season of the Chicago Cubs franchise, the 31st in the National League and the 14th at West Side Park. Skippered by player-manager Frank Chance, the Cubs won the National League pennant with a record of 116–36, a full 20 games ahead of the second-place New York Giants. The team's .763 winning percentage, with two ties in their 154-game season, is the highest in modern MLB history. The 2001 Seattle Mariners also won 116 games, but they did that in 162 games, resulting in a .716 winning percentage. The 1906 Cubs are often considered the greatest MLB team to not win the World Series. In a major upset, the Cubs were beaten by their crosstown counterparts Chicago White Sox in that year's World Series. Regular season Led by new manager Frank Chance, the Cubs dominated the NL. They led the league in both runs scored and fewest runs allowed by large margins. Their record of 116 wins has never been beaten, although it was tied by the 2001 Seattle Mariners (who played a longer 162-game season). The team included four future Hall of Famers: manager and first baseman Chance, second baseman Johnny Evers, shortstop Joe Tinker, and pitcher Mordecai Brown. Brown finished second in the NL in wins to Joe McGinnity, but his 1.04 ERA set a major league record. Although the record was broken by Dutch Leonard in 1914, Brown's mark still stands as the National League record. The pitching staff led the majors with a team earned run average of 1.76. Six members of the pitching staff had double digit victories – Mordecai Brown (26), Jack Pfiester (20), Ed Reulbach (19), Carl Lundgren (17), Orval Overall (12), and Jack Taylor (12). In addition, Mordecai Brown set a major league record with the lowest earned run average attained with at least 250 innings pitched (1.04). The offensive star was third baseman Harry Steinfeldt, who led the NL in both hits and RBI. The team's .763 winning percentage also set a modern-era record, and was the best overall since 1885. However, it set neither a National League record nor even a franchise record, as the 19th-century White Stockings finished with better records on three occasions (1876, 1880, and 1885). The all-time major league record belongs to the 1884 St. Louis Maroons of the Union Association at .832. On August 9, Jack Taylor threw the last of a major league record 187 consecutive complete games that he pitched (not counting appearances as a relief pitcher), a streak that began in 1901 when Taylor was pitching for the Chicago Orphans. Taylor had been re-acquired from the St. Louis Cardinals on July 1, having been traded to the Cards after the 1903 season. Season standings Record vs. opponents Roster Player stats Batting Starters by position Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in Other batters Note:", "title": "1906 Chicago Cubs season" }, { "docid": "5682232", "text": "The 1998 National League Division Series (NLDS), the opening round of the 1998 National League playoffs, began on Tuesday, September 29, and ended on Sunday, October 4, with the champions of the three NL divisions—along with a \"wild card\" team—participating in two best-of-five series. The teams were: (1) Atlanta Braves (Eastern Division champion, 106–56) vs. (4) Chicago Cubs (Wild Card, 90–73): Braves win series, 3–0. (2) Houston Astros (Central Division champion, 102–60) vs. (3) San Diego Padres (Western Division champion, 98–64): Padres win series, 3–1. The Atlanta Braves and San Diego Padres went on to meet in the NL Championship Series (NLCS). The Padres defeated the Braves four games to two to become the National League champion, and lost to the American League champion New York Yankees in the 1998 World Series. Matchups Atlanta Braves vs. Chicago Cubs Houston Astros vs. San Diego Padres Atlanta vs. Chicago Game 1 Turner Field in Atlanta, Georgia The Braves faced the Chicago Cubs, who made it into the playoffs by beating the San Francisco Giants in a tiebreaker for the Wild Card spot and though the Cubs won the season series 6-3 including a three-game sweep in Wrigley Field without NL MVP Sammy Sosa, and a two-game sweep in Turner Field, the Braves proved that the post season would be different. John Smoltz pitched masterfully and Michael Tucker started the scoring with a two-run home run off Chicago starter Mark Clark. Then an Andruw Jones sacrifice fly with two on made it 3–0. In the bottom of the seventh, Ryan Klesko put the game away with a grand slam into right field off of Matt Karchner after three walks off of Clark (one) and Felix Heredia (two walks). Clark allowed four runs, but two were unearned. The Cubs would score in the eighth off Smoltz on Tyler Houston's lead off home run. This ended Smoltz's night, but John Rocker and Kerry Ligtenberg slammed the door on Game 1. Game 2 Turner Field in Atlanta, Georgia Game 2 was a pitchers' duel. Kevin Tapani faced Tom Glavine; the two had previously faced each other in the 1991 World Series. Lance Johnson drove in the lone Chicago run in the top of the sixth on a groundout. However, leaving Tapani in to pitch the ninth ultimately cost the Cubs the game. Javy López hit the game-tying home run and Chipper Jones drove in the winning run in the tenth off Terry Mulholland with an RBI single. Game 3 Wrigley Field in Chicago, Illinois Game 3 was another pitchers' duel. Greg Maddux faced Rookie of the Year Kerry Wood, hoping to keep the ship afloat for the Cubs. The Braves scored first in the top of the third when Maddux doubled and later scored on a passed ball with two outs. Wood pitched five innings and that was the only run he would allow. Maddux was masterful, carrying a shutout into the bottom of the eighth. In the top of the eighth, Gerald Williams drove in", "title": "1998 National League Division Series" }, { "docid": "22411415", "text": "Wrigley Field is a stadium that opened in 1914. It has primarily served as the home field of the Chicago Cubs professional baseball club for over nine decades, but it also hosted football games and other events in its 100 years of existence. 1910s 1914 April 23 the Federal League Chifeds played the first game at the brand-new Weeghman Park. After parades and ceremonies, the Chifeds defeated the visiting Kansas City Packers 9–1. 1915 In June and July, on select night the park hosted first-class \"hippodrome acts\" at night after the Whales' games. Separate admission fee (of between 10 and 20 cents for grandstand and 30 for boxes) was charged to view circus-style performers such as \"The Five Juggling Normans\", \"The Clown of the Sawdust Ring\" and \"the great baseball pantomime comedian George Silvers\" October 3 the renamed Chicago Whales clinched what would turn out to be the final Federal League pennant in perhaps the closest pennant race in history. Going into the last day of the season, Chicago was four points ahead of the Pittsburgh Rebels and five points ahead of the St. Louis Terriers. St. Louis won its game against Kansas City, putting them just two points behind Chicago and two ahead of Pittsburgh. The Whales were scheduled to play a doubleheader against Pittsburgh at Weeghman Park. The Whales lost the first game, 5–4, in the 11th inning after having led 4–1 with two outs in the ninth inning. A loss or tie in the second game would give Pittsburgh the FL pennant, while a win would give the Whales the pennant. As the sun drew low during the second game, the game remained scoreless. Finally, in the sixth inning, the Whales scored three runs, two of them from a Max Flack double. The game was called due to darkness after Pittsburgh failed to score in the top of the seventh inning. The Whales ended up winners of the pennant by .001 over St. Louis, and Pittsburgh ended up third, one-half game back. 1916 April 20 the Cubs played their first game in Weeghman Park. The franchise had merged with the Whales after the 1915 season, and as a result acquired the park and made it their own. The Cubs beat the Cincinnati Reds 7–6 in 11 innings. 1917 May 2 Jim \"Hippo\" Vaughn and the Cincinnati Reds's Fred Toney both pitched nine-inning no-hitters before Jim Thorpe drives in a run in the 10th inning for a Reds victory. 1918 August 29, with the season ending early due to war restrictions, the Chicago Cubs clinched the National League pennant with a 1–0 win over the Cincinnati Reds at Weeghman Park. The Cubs would play their home games of that year's World Series in Comiskey Park, home of the Chicago White Sox. Weeghman Park would not see its first World Series game until 1929, when it had become known as Wrigley Field. 1919 September 21 Grover Cleveland Alexander pitched a complete game, defeating the Boston Braves 3–0 in a", "title": "List of events at Wrigley Field" }, { "docid": "1848171", "text": "\"Baseball's Sad Lexicon,\" also known as \"Tinker to Evers to Chance\" after its refrain, is a 1910 baseball poem by Franklin Pierce Adams. The eight-line poem is presented as a single, rueful stanza from the point of view of a New York Giants fan watching the Chicago Cubs infield of shortstop Joe Tinker, second baseman Johnny Evers, and first baseman Frank Chance complete a double play. These three players helped the Cubs win four National League championships and two World Series from 1906 to 1910. \"Baseball's Sad Lexicon\" became popular across the United States among sportswriters, who wrote their own verses along the same vein. The poem only enhanced the reputations of Tinker, Evers, and Chance over the succeeding decades as the phrase became synonymous with a feat of smooth and ruthless efficiency. It has been credited with their elections to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1946. Publication The poem was first published in the New York Evening Mail on July 12, 1910, under the title \"That Double Play Again.\" The day before, the Cubs had defeated the Giants, 4–2, in Chicago, having squelched a late-inning Giants rally with a double play from shortstop Tinker to second baseman Evers to first baseman Chance. Per standard baseball positions, this play is recorded as 6-4-3 (shortstop to second baseman to first baseman). Background Tinker, Evers, and Chance began playing together with the Cubs in September 1902, forming a double play combination that lasted through April 1912. The Cubs won the National League pennant four times from 1906 to 1910 and won back-to-back World Series championships in 1907 and 1908, a five-year span that saw them regularly defeat their archrival Giants en route to the pennants and World Series. Context in baseball history Frank Chance joined the Chicago Cubs in 1898 as a reserve catcher, backing up Tim Donahue and Johnny Kling. Frank Selee, the Cubs' manager, decided that Chance would be better suited as a first baseman. Chance at first opposed the move and even threatened to quit, but he ultimately obliged. Joe Tinker was a third baseman in minor league baseball but in 1902 made the Cubs as a shortstop, replacing Barry McCormick. Johnny Evers made his major league debut with the Cubs on September 1, 1902 at shortstop, with Selee moving Tinker from shortstop to third base. Three days later, Selee returned Tinker to shortstop and assigned Evers to second base to back up Bobby Lowe. Lowe suffered a knee injury late in the 1902 season, providing Evers with more playing time. Tinker, Evers, and Chance first appeared in a game together on September 13, 1902. They turned their first double play on September 15, 1902. Lowe's injury did not properly heal during the off-season, making Evers the new permanent second baseman for the Cubs in 1903. Chance succeeded Selee as manager during the 1905 season when Selee became ill. The Cubs, led by Tinker, Evers, and Chance, won the National League pennant in 1906, 1907, 1908, and", "title": "Baseball's Sad Lexicon" }, { "docid": "17681719", "text": "Clyde Eugene \"Jersey\" Beck (January 6, 1900 - July 15, 1988) was a right-handed infielder in Major League Baseball for the Chicago Cubs and Cincinnati Reds from 1926 to 1931. Beck spent the first five seasons of his career with the Cubs. After making his major league debut on May 19, 1926, Beck was used as a reserve second baseman for the Cubs, playing in 30 games and finishing with a .198 batting average, only one extra-base hit (a home run), and 4 RBI. The next season, he was in the Cubs' lineup more often than not, playing in 117 games. He saw some time at third base and shortstop as well as his familiar second base position. His .258 average would prove to be the best of his career, as would his tally of doubles (20) and triples (5). During the 1928 campaign, Beck saw considerably more time at third base (87 games) and shortstop (47 games) than second base (1 game). Freddie Maguire had become the everyday second sacker, but Beck had certainly become an infield fixture for the Cubs. He posted career highs in at-bats, runs, hits, and RBI, batting a solid .257 as Chicago fell just four wins short of first place and a trip to the World Series. In 1929, Rogers Hornsby, Norm McMillan and Woody English proved to be a dependable trio of infielders for the club and Beck was again relegated to backup status. He played in just 54 games and batted only .211, collecting a mere seven extra-base hits all year, all of them doubles. Though the Cubs made the World Series after the season, Beck did not appear in any of the Series' five games as the Philadelphia Athletics won four games to one. Beck saw some increased playing time in 1930; in fact, he played more games at shortstop than any Cub except English, who split his time almost evenly between shortstop and third base. He also saw somewhat of a power surge, hitting a career-high six home runs in 244 at-bats. In fact, that matched the total number of home runs he'd hit in 1,145 at-bats over his first four seasons. However, his batting average was again low at .213, and the Cubs put Beck on waivers after the season ended. Claimed by the Cincinnati Reds for 1931, Beck found himself as a backup third baseman and occasional shortstop, and his numbers plummeted. He managed to hit just .154 in 53 games and played his last game in the majors on September 11, 1931. Beck died on July 15, 1988, in Temple City, California. He was 88 years old. References Baseball-reference page 1900 births 1988 deaths Baseball players from Los Angeles County, California Chicago Cubs players Cincinnati Reds players Major League Baseball infielders Gardena High School alumni Los Angeles Angels (minor league) players Milwaukee Brewers (AA) players Mission Reds players Oakland Oaks (baseball) players Seattle Indians players St. Paul Saints (AA) players Wichita Izzies players", "title": "Clyde Beck" }, { "docid": "2054484", "text": "Kenneth Dale Holtzman (November 3, 1945 – April 15, 2024) was an American professional baseball player and coach. He was a left-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball from through for the Chicago Cubs, Oakland Athletics, Baltimore Orioles, and New York Yankees. With the Cubs, Holtzman pitched two no-hitters. He played for the Athletics' dynasty that won three consecutive World Series championships between 1972 and 1974. A two-time All-Star, Holtzman was a 20-game-winner for the Athletics in 1973. He is a member of the Chicago Cubs Hall of Fame. Early life Holtzman was born in St. Louis, Missouri, on November 3, 1945, to Henry and Jacqueline Holtzman. He was raised in an observant Jewish family and graduated from University City High School in St. Louis in 1963. He attended the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, where he played college baseball for the Illinois Fighting Illini. He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in business administration and French. Career Draft and minor leagues The Chicago Cubs selected Holtzman in the fourth round of the 1965 Major League Baseball draft. At age 19, Holtzman pitched 12 games in the minor leagues in 1965, four with the Treasure Valley Cubs in the Pioneer League, and eight with the Wenatchee Chiefs in the Northwest League. He was 8–3 in the dozen starts, with a 1.99 earned run average and 114 strikeouts in 86 innings. Chicago Cubs (1965–1971) The Cubs promoted Holtzman to the major leagues in September 1965. After making three relief appearances in 1965, Holtzman joined the Cubs' starting rotation in 1966, and had an 11–16 rookie campaign as the team finished in last place. As a promising Jewish left-hander, he was heralded as \"the new Sandy Koufax.\" He pitched against Koufax in 1966 on September 25, and took the win by a 2–1 score, becoming the last pitcher to beat Koufax during the regular season. Koufax would make his last regular-season appearance a week later, on October 2. Holtzman served in the National Guard in 1967 and was only available to play on weekends. He appeared in 12 games and had a 9–0 record. After going 11–14 in 1968, he posted consecutive 17-win seasons. Holtzman was named NL Player of the Month in May 1969 with a 6–0 record, a 2.16 ERA, and 44 strikeouts. That August 19, Holtzman pitched a no-hitter at Wrigley Field against the eventual Western Division champion Atlanta Braves, winning 3–0 on Ron Santo's three-run home run and outdueling the Braves' Phil Niekro. Holtzman had no strikeouts and three walks in the game. This was the first no-hitter by a Cub left-hander at Wrigley Field and the third no-hitter ever thrown without a strikeout (Earl Hamilton on August 30, 1912; Sad Sam Jones on September 4, 1923), a feat that has not been equaled since. In the seventh inning, Hank Aaron crushed a drive to left field that appeared to be a home run, but the wind held up the ball, enabling Billy Williams to catch the long fly ball", "title": "Ken Holtzman" }, { "docid": "58619120", "text": "The 2018 National League West tie-breaker game was a one-game extension to Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2018 regular season, played between the Colorado Rockies and Los Angeles Dodgers to determine the champion of the National League's (NL) West Division. It was played at Dodger Stadium in Los Angeles, California on October 1, 2018. The game was won by Los Angeles, 5–2. The Dodgers became the second seed in the NL playoffs and advanced to play the NL East champion Atlanta Braves in the National League Division Series. The Rockies were hosted by the NL Central runner-up Chicago Cubs in the NL Wild Card Game on October 2. The tie-breaker counted as a regular season game for both teams, with all events in the game added to regular season statistics. Background The Los Angeles Dodgers entered the 2018 Major League Baseball season having won the last five consecutive National League West Division championships. The Colorado Rockies made the Major League Baseball postseason in 2017 as a wild card. Despite this being their fifth postseason appearance, the Rockies had not won a division title. Both the Dodgers and Rockies finished the 2018 regular season with win–loss records, necessitating a tie-breaking game to determine the division champion. As the Chicago Cubs and Milwaukee Brewers tied for first place in the National League Central Division, they also played in a tie-breaker game, marking the first time in Major League Baseball that two tie-breakers were needed in a single year. Game summary The Dodgers hosted the tie-breaker game based on their head-to-head record against the Rockies in the regular season. Germán Márquez started for Colorado and Walker Buehler started for Los Angeles. ESPN broadcast the game, with Jon Sciambi, David Ross, and Rick Sutcliffe. They also carried the game on ESPN Radio, with Adam Amin and Jim Bowden. The Dodgers got two-run home runs from Cody Bellinger in the fourth inning and Max Muncy in the fifth inning off of Márquez, who struck out nine in innings. Meanwhile, Buehler did not allow a hit in his first five innings, and allowed one hit in total innings. The Rockies got solo homers in the ninth inning from Nolan Arenado and Trevor Story off of Kenley Jansen. However, they ended the game with only four hits. The Dodgers won the game 5–2 to clinch their sixth consecutive division championship. They became the first team to win six straight division championships since the New York Yankees won 13 straight from 1995–2007 and only the third overall (the Atlanta Braves won 14 from 1991–2005). Aftermath With the victory, the Dodgers clinched the second seed in the NL postseason. They beat the Atlanta Braves in the NLDS in four games. The Dodgers defeated the Brewers in the NLCS in seven games, and moved onto the World Series, where they lost in five games to the Boston Red Sox. With the loss, the Rockies were relegated to the second Wild Card spot. The Rockies defeated the Chicago Cubs in the 2018", "title": "2018 National League West tie-breaker game" }, { "docid": "6454846", "text": "Ival Richard Goodman (July 23, 1908 – November 25, 1984) was an American All-Star right fielder in Major League Baseball who played for the Cincinnati Reds (1935–1942) and Chicago Cubs (1943–1944). Goodman, who batted left-handed and threw right-handed, helped lead the Reds to a National League pennant in 1939 and a World Series title in 1940, and he was elected to the Cincinnati Reds Hall of Fame in 1959. Cincinnati Reds years The Cincinnati Reds purchased Goodman from the St. Louis Cardinals on November 3, 1934, for $25,000. The decision paid immediate dividends. In his first season in the majors, Goodman appeared in 148 games, hitting .269 with 12 home runs and 72 runs batted in. Goodman also scored 86 runs and led the league with 18 triples. He led the league again the following season with 14 triples. Goodman remained a fixture in the Reds lineup in the following years. In 1938 he set a since-broken Reds record with 30 home runs, which was second only to Mel Ott's 36 that season, while scoring 103 runs (fourth in the NL) and driving in 92 (eighth in the NL). He was named to the NL All-Star team that season. In the Reds' pennant-winning 1939 season, Goodman hit a career-high .323 (sixth best in the NL) and was again named to the NL All-Star team. He also hit .333 in the World Series that year, but the Reds lost to the New York Yankees in an eventual four-game sweep. The Reds rebounded in 1940, posting 100 wins for the first time in club history and winning their first World Series title since 1919, in what would be Goodman's final season as an everyday player. He hit .258 that year with 12 home runs and 78 runs scored. He also drove in five runs in the World Series that season. Chicago Cubs years Goodman appeared in just 42 games in 1941 and 87 games in 1942, and on November 14, 1942, the Chicago Cubs purchased him from the Reds. He hit .320 in 80 games for the Cubs in 1943, but appeared in just 62 games the following season, which would be his last in the majors. Goodman died on November 25, 1984, in Cincinnati, Ohio. League leader Triples: 1935 (18) and 1936 (14) Hit by pitch: 1936 (9), 1938 (15) and 1939 (7) Honors and awards NL All-Star: 1938 and 1939 Cincinnati Reds Hall of Fame Inductee: 1959 Career statistics In the 1939 and 1940 World Series, Goodman posted a .295 batting average (13-for-44) with 8 runs scored and 6 RBI. See also List of Major League Baseball annual triples leaders External links 1908 births 1984 deaths Bartlesville Broncos players Baseball players from Missouri Chicago Cubs players Chicago Cubs scouts Cincinnati Reds players Columbus Red Birds players Dayton Indians players Fort Smith Twins players Houston Buffaloes players Major League Baseball right fielders National League All-Stars Portsmouth Cubs players Shawnee Robins players", "title": "Ival Goodman" }, { "docid": "1762401", "text": "The 1969 National League Championship Series was a best-of-five match-up between the East Division champion New York Mets and the West Division champion Atlanta Braves. In what was the first ever NLCS, the Mets defeated the Braves three games to none. They did not sweep a playoff series again until 2006 as they swept the Los Angeles Dodgers in the National League Division Series in three games. At that time, the New York Mets became the fastest expansion team to win a National League pennant with only eight years of existence. Twenty-eight years later, in 1997, the Florida Marlins would break that record by reaching and winning the World Series with only five years of existence. Four years after the Marlins, the Arizona Diamondbacks would break that by reaching and winning the World Series in just their fourth year. Game 3 was Nolan Ryan's first playoff victory of his career. Background This was the first year of the two-division format in Major League Baseball, after 99 consecutive years of straight non-divisional play. This was the year of the \"Miracle\" Mets. The team had finished only one game better than last the year before, had never finished better than ninth in their seven-year history, were generally picked for third or fourth in the new six-team National League East Division, and were a 100-to-1 longshot to win the World Series. In third place and 10 games behind the division-leading Cubs on August 13, the Mets rallied to win the East Division title by eight games, winning exactly 100 games. The Braves, led by Hank Aaron, Orlando Cepeda and Phil Niekro, won a tough five-team race in the West Division, and were favored over the Mets as the playoff began, despite the Mets having won seven more games than the Braves. In what was expected to be a pitching-rich series, the teams combined for 42 runs, batted .292, hit 11 home runs, and posted a combined 5.94 ERA in the three games. Hank Aaron hit three home runs for the Braves, while Tommie Agee and Ken Boswell hit two each for the Mets. The Mets would also go on to beat the Baltimore Orioles in the World Series, four games to one. It was the first of five NL pennants for the Mets. The first two came in the only two NL series between 1969 and 1980 that did not feature a Pennsylvania team (the other being 1973.). The Braves would not reach the NLCS again until 1982, and would not win a game in the NLCS until they won the Pennant in 1991. It would be another four years before the Braves captured their first World Series championship as an Atlanta team in 1995. Summary New York Mets vs. Atlanta Braves Game summaries Game 1 In Game 1, the top 2 Cy Young candidates faced off with the eventual winner Tom Seaver taking the mound for New York, while the Braves sent out Phil Niekro, who was the only other pitcher to", "title": "1969 National League Championship Series" }, { "docid": "557954", "text": "The 1945 World Series was the championship series in Major League Baseball for the 1945 season. The 42nd edition of the World Series, it matched the American League champion Detroit Tigers against the National League champion Chicago Cubs. The Tigers won the Series in seven games, giving them their second championship and first since . In the decisive Game 7, Paul Richards drove in four runs to lead the Tigers to a 9–3 victory to clinch the Series. The World Series again used the 3–4 wartime setup for home field sites, instead of the normal 2–3–2. Although the major hostilities of World War II had ended, some of the rules were still in effect and many of the best MLB players were still in military service. Warren Brown, author of a history of the Cubs in 1946, commented on this by titling one chapter \"World's Worst Series\". He also cited a famous quote of his, referencing himself anonymously and in the third person. When asked who he liked in the Series, he answered, \"I don't think either one of them can win it.\" In a similar vein, Frank Graham jokingly called this Series \"the fat men versus the tall men at the office picnic.\" One player decidedly not fitting that description was the Tigers' slugger Hank Greenberg, who had been discharged from military service early. He hit the only two Tigers homers in the Series, and scored seven runs overall and also drove in seven. The Curse of the Billy Goat originated in this Series before the start of Game 4. Having last won the Series in , the Cubs owned the dubious record of both the longest league pennant drought and the longest World Series drought in history, not winning (or appearing in) another World Series until . The Series was a rematch of the 1935 World Series. In that year's Game 6, Stan Hack led off the top of the ninth inning with a triple, but was stranded. The Cubs lost the game and the Series. Hack was still with the Cubs in 1945. According to Warren Brown's account, Hack was seen surveying the field before the first Series game. When asked what he was doing, Hack responded, \"I just wanted to see if I was still standing there on third base.\" Summary Matchups Game 1 The visiting Cubs began with a bang, scoring four times in the first. With two outs and runners on first and third, a passed ball by future Hall of Famer Hal Newhouser scored the game's first run. After an intentional walk, a two-run Bill Nicholson double and Mickey Livingston's RBI single made it 4–0 Cubs. In the third, after a leadoff double, Phil Cavarretta's single and Andy Pafko's double scored a run each. One out later, Livingston's second RBI single of the game knocked Newhouser out of the game. Cavarretta's two-out home run in the seventh off Jim Tobin made it 8–0. Pafko then singled, stole second, moved to third on a", "title": "1945 World Series" }, { "docid": "4426431", "text": "Champions World Series: Philadelphia Athletics over Chicago Cubs (4-1) Awards and honors Chalmers Award Ty Cobb, Detroit Tigers, OF Nap Lajoie, Cleveland Naps MLB statistical leaders Major league baseball final standings American League final standings National League final standings Events April 14 – William Howard Taft became the first U.S. president to throw out the ceremonial \"first pitch\" after he opened the 1910 season at Washington's League Park. Washington Senators' Walter Johnson christened the tradition by pitching a one-hitter, beating the Philadelphia Athletics, 3-0. April 20 – Addie Joss of the Cleveland Naps pitches the second no-hitter of his career defeating the Chicago White Sox, 1-0. Joss was the last major leaguer to throw a no-hitter, when he tossed a perfect game on October 2, 1908. That game was also a 1-0 win over the White Sox. May 12 – Chief Bender throws a no-hitter for the Philadelphia Athletics, coming within one walk of a perfect game. Philadelphia beats the Cleveland Naps, 4-0. June 28 – Chicago Cubs shortstop Joe Tinker steals home twice becoming the first major leaguer to accomplish the feat in Cubs' 11–1 home victory over the Cincinnati Reds. Mordecai Brown is the winning pitcher. July 3 – Pittsburgh Pirates outfielder Chief Wilson hits for the cycle in a 10-2 victory over the Cincinnati Reds. July 19 – Cleveland Naps ace Cy Young wins the 500th game of his career, defeating the Washington Senators, 5-4. August 13 — The \"baseball game of perfect symmetry\" took place as Brooklyn and Pittsburgh played an 8–8 tie before the game was called because of darkness. Each team had 8 runs, 13 hits, 2 errors, 12 assists, 5 strikeouts, 3 walks, one base hit, and one passed ball. August 18 – Rickwood Field opens in Birmingham, Alabama, with 10,000 fans watching the Birmingham Barons defeat the Montgomery Climbers in a 3-2 pitchers' duel won by Harry Coveleski. August 25 – Philadelphia Athletics second baseman Danny Murphy hits for the cycle in a 9-6 loss to the St. Louis Browns. September 1 - During the league's 1910 Rule 5 draft, the Chicago White Sox select infielder Buck Weaver from York in the Tri-State league. Weaver is best remembered today as one of players banned for life regarding the 1919 World Series Fix. September 17 – Detroit Tigers pitcher Ed Summers, a notoriously poor hitter, bounces two home runs into the stands in a 10–3 victory over the Philadelphia Athletics. The two homers, both off Harry Krause, will comprise his career total. October 6 – Boston Doves outfielder Bill Collins hits for the cycle as Boston crushes the Philadelphia Phillies, 20-7. Collins becomes the first player in baseball history to hit for the natural cycle. October 9 – Detroit Tigers star Ty Cobb stayed out of the lineup to preserve his .383 batting average. Cleveland Naps' Nap Lajoie went 8-for-8 in a doubleheader where six of his hits were bunt singles. He finished with a .384 batting average and rumor has it that", "title": "1910 in baseball" }, { "docid": "8459231", "text": "Perce Leigh \"Pat\" Malone (September 25, 1902 – May 13, 1943) was an American pitcher in Major League Baseball who played from for the Chicago Cubs (1928–1934) and New York Yankees (1935–1937). Listed at and , Malone batted left-handed and threw right-handed. He played for four pennant winners and two World Series champions. Born in Altoona, Pennsylvania, Malone started playing semipro baseball when a teenager. Initially signed by the New York Giants in 1922, his hard-drinking lifestyle brought him in conflict with manager John McGraw, who sold his contract to the minor league Minneapolis Millers after 1924 spring training. Malone would spend six years in the minor leagues, but after successful seasons in 1926 and 1927, was signed by the Cubs before the 1928 season. As a rookie with the Cubs, Malone won 18 games and finished second to Dazzy Vance in the National League (NL) with 155 strikeouts. In 1929, a year in which the Cubs won the pennant, he led the NL in wins (22), shutouts (5), and strikeouts (166), becoming the league's first strikeout champion besides Vance in seven years. He made two starts in the World Series against the Philadelphia Athletics but lost both, and the Cubs were defeated in five games. In 1930, he led the NL with 20 wins. The 1931 season saw him clash with new Cubs manager Rogers Hornsby; Malone became involved in further trouble in September when he beat up two reporters and was fined $500. He nonetheless posted a 16–9 record. In 1932, Malone had a 15–17 record and 3.38 earned run average (ERA), but was relegated to the bullpen for the World Series against the Yankees when the Cubs selected three other starters. Relieving Charlie Root after the starter gave up Babe Ruth's called shot, Malone pitched scoreless innings in his only appearance of the series; the Cubs were defeated in four straight games. Struggles in late 1933 caused Malone to lose his rotation spot in September. He enjoyed a 14–7 record and a 3.53 ERA in 1934 but again lost his rotation spot in September, which he claimed was due to the Cubs not wanting him to gain bonuses for winning 15 or more games. Acquired by the Yankees before the 1935 season, Malone was used mainly as a reliever for the next three years. He led the American League (AL) in saves in 1936 and was on the Yankee roster when they beat the Giants in the World Series. He did less well in 1937, however, and was left off the roster when the Yankees again beat the Giants in the World Series. After one more season in the minor leagues, Malone retired. He returned to Altoona, where he operated a tavern before dying at the age of 40 in 1943 due to acute pancreatitis brought on by his life of heavy drinking. Early life Perce Leigh Malone was the second child of Christian and Anna Malone, born on September 25, 1902, in Altoona, Pennsylvania. His father", "title": "Pat Malone" }, { "docid": "11470793", "text": "Leslie Mann (November 18, 1892 – January 14, 1962) was an American athlete and sports administrator. He played college football and professional baseball, and went on to coach football, baseball, and basketball. He was the founder and first president of the International Baseball Federation (IBF), the predecessor to the modern World Baseball Softball Confederation (WBSC). Mann played in Major League Baseball (MLB) as an outfielder from 1913 to 1928 for seven teams, spending eight years of his career with the Boston Braves. After his playing career, Mann became a tireless promoter of international amateur baseball, founding the U.S. Amateur Baseball Federation in 1931 and the International Baseball Federation in 1938. He helped bring baseball to the 1936 Berlin Olympics and coached the United States national team at the inaugural 1938 Amateur World Series. His efforts to further internationalize the game were derailed by World War II. Mann was the head basketball coach at Rice Institute (1919–1920), Indiana University (1922–1924), and Springfield College (1924–1926). He compiled a career record of 43–30 in five seasons as a head basketball coach. Early years Born in Lincoln, Nebraska, Mann attended the Y.M.C.A. College in Springfield, Massachusetts. He played both football and basketball at Springfield and was regarded as \"one of the best football players the training school ever had.\" Playing career Mann later became a professional baseball player. From 1913 to 1928, he played for the Boston Braves, St. Louis Cardinals, Cincinnati Reds, New York Giants, and Chicago Cubs. He was a member of the 1914 \"Miracle\" Braves team that went from last place to first place in two months, becoming the first team to win a pennant after being in last place on the Fourth of July. The team then went on to defeat Connie Mack's heavily favored Philadelphia Athletics in the 1914 World Series. Mann jumped to the rival Federal League in 1915, signing with the Chicago Whales. The short lived league was in its final season, but Mann recorded his best season as a professional, batting .306 and leading the league with 19 triples as the Whales won the pennant. With the demise of the Federal League, Mann returned to Major League Baseball as a member of the Chicago Cubs in 1916. As a member of the pennant winning Cubs in 1918, Mann also recorded an RBI single off Babe Ruth in Game 4 of the 1918 World Series. Ruth's Boston Red Sox defeated the Cubs 4-2 to win the Series, their last World Series title until 2004. Mann served mostly as a platoon player from 1919 onward. Although he'd bat over .300 in several season over the final part of his career, Mann did do so falling well short of the necessary plate appearances to qualify for a batting title. Mann had a reputation as a \"clean\" player, who disapproved of vices like drinking and gambling in the clubhouse. While he was with the Cardinals in 1922, he received a letter from Giants pitcher Phil Douglas. Douglas, at odds with", "title": "Leslie Mann (athlete)" }, { "docid": "2054765", "text": "Claude William Passeau (April 9, 1909 – August 30, 2003) was an American starting pitcher in Major League Baseball. From 1935 through 1947, Passeau played with the Pittsburgh Pirates (1935), Philadelphia Phillies (1936–39) and Chicago Cubs (1939–47). He batted and threw right-handed. In a 13-year career, Passeau posted a 162–150 record with 1,104 strikeouts and a 3.32 ERA in 2,179 innings. Personal life Passeau was a native of Waynesboro, Mississippi. He was a graduate of Millsaps College in Jackson, Mississippi, where he joined Kappa Sigma. Passeau was considered the finest college quarterback in Mississippi, but he chose to pursue an athletic career in professional baseball rather than football after graduation. Baseball career Passeau started his career with the Pittsburgh Pirates, then played for several years with the Philadelphia Phillies at their notorious \"bandbox\" ballpark, Baker Bowl, before being traded to the Chicago Cubs, where he had several winning seasons. Passeau surrendered the game-winning home run to Ted Williams in the 1941 All-Star Game. Passeau's greatest individual performance came in Game 3 of the 1945 World Series, in which he pitched a one-hitter against the Detroit Tigers. Slugger Rudy York got the Tigers' only hit, in the second inning, and the Cubs took a 2-games-to-1 edge. Due to wartime travel restrictions that were still in place, despite the war having ended, the first three games were in Detroit and the last four in Chicago. Back in Wrigley Field, the Cubs lost three of four games, their last appearance in the Series until 2016. Passeau was the starting pitcher for the Cubs in Game 6, but had to be removed from the game during the sixth inning after he injured his pitching hand while fielding a hard smash. Passeau had a comfortable lead in the game, but the Chicago bullpen could not check the Tigers. The game went into extra innings and the Cubs emptied their bench. Hank Borowy, who was scheduled to pitch Game 7, was pressed into service and pitched four innings as Chicago won the game in twelve innings. Passeau's injury proved to be costly as the Cubs were without a well rested pitcher to face Hal Newhouser in the final game. That one-hit game was only the second low-hit game in the history of the Series; the first was pitched by the Cubs' Ed Reulbach in 1906. There have only been four low-hit Series games since, including Don Larsen's perfect game in the 1956 World Series, and Roy Halladay's one walk no hitter in the 2010 NLDS, which are the only two no-hitters in MLB postseason history. Passeau was a better than average hitting pitcher, as he had a career average of .192 (189–982), hitting 15 home runs and recording 80 RBI in a 13-year career. On May 19, 1941, he hit a grand slam home run and had 5 RBI in a 14–1 victory over the Dodgers. In the 1937, 1941 and 1942 seasons, he compiled 11, 12 and 10 RBI respectively. Death Passeau died on August", "title": "Claude Passeau" }, { "docid": "15260582", "text": "The 1906 season was the seventh season overall for the Chicago White Sox, and their sixth season in the major leagues. The Sox won their second American League pennant and their first World Series championship. The Sox won 93 games in the regular season–– a plateau they would not reach again until the 1915 season–– to claim the pennant, propelled by an historic 19-game winning streak in August. They won the league pennant largely on the strength of their pitching staff, as their team batting average of .230 was the worst in the AL. The White Sox would go on to upset their crosstown neighbors, the Chicago Cubs (who had finished 116–36 that year for the best winning percentage in modern baseball history), in the World Series, earning them the moniker of the \"Hitless Wonders.\" Regular season The 1906 White Sox team became known as the Hitless Wonders, having won the American League pennant despite posting the lowest team batting average (.230) in the league. The team had been in fourth place by the end of July, 7½ games behind the defending champion Philadelphia Athletics, when they went on a 19-game winning streak that drove them into first place. No American League team would beat the 19-game winning streak for almost 100 years. The team made up for their lack of hitting prowess by leading the league in walks, hit batsmen and sacrifice hits. The White Sox pitching staff had a league-leading 32 shutouts and the second lowest earned run average in the league. The White Sox then defeated their cross-town rivals, the heavily favored Chicago Cubs in the 1906 World Series. Season standings Record vs. opponents Roster Player stats Batting Starters by position Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in Other batters Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in Pitching Starting pitchers Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts Other pitchers Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts Relief pitchers Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts 1906 World Series AL Chicago White Sox (4) vs NL Chicago Cubs (2) References 1906 Chicago White Sox at Baseball Reference Chicago White Sox seasons Chicago White Sox season American League champion seasons World Series champion seasons Chicago White Sox", "title": "1906 Chicago White Sox season" }, { "docid": "11543451", "text": "The 1964 St. Louis Cardinals season was the team's 83rd season in St. Louis, Missouri and its 73rd season in the National League. The Cardinals went 93–69 during the season and finished first in the National League, edging the co-runners-up Cincinnati Reds and Philadelphia Phillies by one game each on the last day of the regular-season to claim their first NL pennant since 1946. They went on to win the World Series in 7 games over the New York Yankees. This is the first season that the team wore their now famous red cap (but only for home games, beginning the next season, the team would make the red cap permanent for both home and away games). Offseason October 1, 1963: Ken MacKenzie was traded by the Cardinals to the San Francisco Giants for Jimmie Coker. December 6, 1963: Carl Sawatski was released by the Cardinals. Regular season Exit Musial, enter Brock The 1963 team went 93–69. It was the best record for St. Louis since the 1949 team won 96 games. The Cardinals finished six games behind the Los Angeles Dodgers. 1964 saw the Cardinals without the best hitter in franchise history. Stan Musial, whose 3,630 career hits were second on the all-time list and remain fourth today, retired after the 1963 season, at the age of 42, after 22 years in St. Louis. His absence left a hole in the Cardinal lineup and in left field, and as the early weeks of the 1964 season passed, St. Louis hovered at the .500 mark. Cardinals GM Bing Devine, worried about both the team and his own job security, looked for a deal to make before the June 15 trading deadline. He consulted with manager Johnny Keane and they decided that the team needed more speed. Keane and Devine focused on Lou Brock, an outfielder with the Chicago Cubs that the Cardinals had scouted years before and who had struggled since coming to the big leagues. In June, with the trading deadline near and the Cardinals still around .500, Devine made the call to the Cubs and the deal was done. On June 15, St. Louis traded star pitcher Ernie Broglio, who went 18–8 in 1963 and was having another good year in 1964, to Chicago as part of a six-player deal for Brock. Many people thought the Cubs had gotten the better of the deal, including Chicago sportswriters and many Cardinal players. However, Broglio would have a mediocre half-season for the Cubs and then two more ineffective, injury-riddled years in 1965 and 1966 before disappearing from the big leagues forever. Brock hit .348 for the 1964 Cardinals, and as a Cardinal went on to break the all-time record for stolen bases (since broken by Rickey Henderson), amass over 3000 base hits, and go into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1985. Busch fires Devine For most of the 1964 season, the Philadelphia Phillies looked like the team to beat. Philadelphia spent almost the entire first half in first or", "title": "1964 St. Louis Cardinals season" }, { "docid": "11569973", "text": "George Albert \"Lefty\" Tyler (December 14, 1889 – September 29, 1953) was an American professional baseball pitcher from 1910 to 1921. From 1910 to 1917, Tyler played with the Boston Doves/Braves. He performed well, having an earned run average (ERA) under 3 in all but two years. In 1918, Tyler was traded to the Chicago Cubs for Larry Doyle, Art Wilson, and $15,000. Tyler did well in Chicago as well, having ERA's under 4. Tyler's career earned run average was 2.95. His brother, Fred Tyler, played in the major leagues in 1914 as a catcher. In 1914, Tyler was a member of the Braves team that went from last place to first place in two months, becoming the first team to win a pennant after being in last place on the Fourth of July. The team then went on to defeat Connie Mack's heavily favored Philadelphia Athletics in the 1914 World Series. In 1916, the New York Giants set the current record of 26 consecutive wins without a defeat: Tyler beat them to end the streak on September 30, 1916. He was the winning pitcher in Game 2 of the 1918 World Series for the Cubs, as well as the hard-luck loser of a 2-1 decision in Game 6, the last game of the Series; it was the last win for the opposing Boston Red Sox until 2004. Tyler was a better than average hitting pitcher in his 12-year major league career, compiling a .217 batting average (189-for-870) with 85 runs, 4 home runs and 73 RBI. He recorded a career-high 20 RBI as a member of the 1916 Boston Braves. References External links Baseball-Reference 1889 births 1953 deaths Major League Baseball pitchers Boston Doves players Boston Rustlers players Boston Braves players Chicago Cubs players Baseball players from New Hampshire Minor league baseball managers Lowell Tigers players Rochester Colts players Lawrence Merry Macks players People from Derry, New Hampshire Sportspeople from Rockingham County, New Hampshire Pinkerton Academy alumni", "title": "Lefty Tyler" }, { "docid": "9783596", "text": "The St. Louis Cardinals, a professional baseball franchise based in St. Louis, Missouri, compete in the National League (NL) of Major League Baseball (MLB). Founded in 1882 as a charter member of the American Association (AA), the team was originally named the Brown Stockings before it was shortened to Browns the next season. The team moved to the National League in 1892 when the AA folded. The club changed its name to the Perfectos for one season in 1899 and adopted the Cardinals name in 1900. The St. Louis Cardinals are tied with the Cincinnati Reds and Pittsburgh Pirates as the third-oldest continuously operated baseball team. In that time, the team has won 19 National League pennants and 11 World Series championships (most in the National League and second only to the New York Yankees, who have won 27). They also won four American Association pennants and one pre-World Series championship that Major League Baseball does not consider official. The Cardinals had six periods of continued success during their history. The first period occurred during the 1880s when the team won four consecutive American Association pennants from 1885–1888 while known as the Browns. The Cardinals next found success from 1926–1934 when they played in five World Series, winning three. During World War II the Cardinals won four NL pennants in five years from 1942–1946, including three World Series championships. During the 1960s the Cardinals won two World Series and played in another. In the 1980s the Cardinals played in three World Series, winning in 1982. Most recently, the Cardinals have made the playoffs nine times, winning seven NL Central titles and qualifying as a wild-card entrant in 2001, 2011 and 2012, winning the World Series in 2006 and 2011. The only extended period of failure the Cardinals have experienced began when they joined the National League in 1892. The Cardinals played only five winning seasons in 30 years while finishing last seven times from their entrance to the NL until 1921. However, the Cardinals have remarkably avoided such failure since then as they have not finished in last place in the National League since 1918, by far the longest streak in the NL. Like the Yankees and Dodgers, the Cardinals have never lost 100 games in a season since World War I. The Cardinals failed to reach the World Series in the 1950s, 1970s, and 1990s, but were regularly a competitive team in each of these decades. Year by year All-time records Record by decade The following table describes the Cardinals' regular season MLB win–loss record by decade. These statistics are from Baseball-Reference.com's St. Louis Cardinals History & Encyclopedia, and are current through the 2022 season. Footnotes The current variations of the Cardinals, Reds, and Pirates all began playing in 1882. The two older clubs are the Atlanta Braves, who were founded in 1871 in Boston, and the Chicago Cubs, who have played continuously since 1874. The Cardinals did finish in last place of the NL East in 1990. However,", "title": "List of St. Louis Cardinals seasons" }, { "docid": "1332332", "text": "The 1929 World Series featured the American League (AL) champion Philadelphia Athletics playing against the National League (NL) champion Chicago Cubs. The Athletics defeated the Cubs in five games to win the Series. Summary Matchups Game 1 This was the first World Series game ever played at Wrigley Field. Because seven of the eight regulars in the Cubs' lineup hit right-handed, Athletics manager Connie Mack started only right-handed pitchers during the series and kept all his left-handed pitchers in the bullpen, even though two of his best starters, Lefty Grove and Rube Walberg, were left-handed. The Athletics' Howard Ehmke, who started his major league career in 1915, had been a good starting pitcher, but by 1929, he was suffering from a sore arm. Pitching only occasionally, he finished the regular season with a 7–2 record, a 3.29 earned run average, and 20 strikeouts in 54.2 innings. Meanwhile, the Athletics had a big lead in the AL standings. In August, Mack told Ehmke that he was going to be released after the season. Ehmke accepted the decision but said that he would like to pitch in a World Series game, having never done so before. In mid-September, with both league pennant races wrapped up, Mack had Ehmke leave the team and go on the road to scout the NL champion Cubs for the last few weeks of the season, telling him to be prepared to start game 1 of the World Series. Mack kept the pitching decision a secret until the day of the game. The Athletics had plenty of good pitchers available, and players on both teams were surprised that Ehmke was starting. However, with his knowledge of the Cubs' batters and a rested arm, Ehmke pitched a complete game, winning 3–1 with no earned runs allowed and 13 strikeouts. The strikeout total broke the World Series record that had been set by Ed Walsh in 1906; Ehmke's record then stood until it was broken by Carl Erskine in 1953. This ended up being the last win of Ehmke's career and also became one of the most famous games in baseball history. Attending the game was nine-year-old John Paul Stevens, who would grow up to become a Supreme Court Justice. A lifelong Cubs fan, Stevens later said, \"And that was my first game, a tragic game for a young boy to go and see in person!\" Game 2 Behind the pitching of George Earnshaw and Grove, the Athletics won 9–3 and took a 2–0 lead in the series. Jimmie Foxx became the first player to homer in his first two World Series games. Al Simmons also homered and had four runs batted in. Game 3 Game 3 was a pitchers' duel that featured many tense moments. Guy Bush won this game for the Cubs' only victory, holding the Athletics to one run despite allowing nine hits and two walks. Earnshaw started his second straight game for the Athletics and allowed only one earned run himself. Game 4 Sticking to his", "title": "1929 World Series" }, { "docid": "13934746", "text": "The 1908 Chicago Cubs season was the 37th season of the Chicago Cubs franchise, the 33rd in the National League, and the 16th at West Side Park. It involved the Cubs winning their third consecutive National League pennant, as well as the World Series for the second consecutive year. This team included four future Hall of Famers: manager / first baseman Frank Chance, second baseman Johnny Evers, shortstop Joe Tinker, and pitcher Mordecai Brown. In 1908, Brown finished second in the NL in wins and earned run average. This would be the last World Series victory for the Cubs until 2016. Regular season Season summary The Cubs started the season in Cincinnati. Orval Overall was the Cubs' Opening Day starting pitcher. Overall gave up five hits and committed an error in the first inning as the Reds took a 5–0 lead. The Cubs tied the game in the sixth and won the game in the ninth. Cubs pinch hitter Heinie Zimmerman drove in Johnny Evers. Mordecai \"Three Finger\" Brown pitched in the ninth and got a save for the Cubs. The home opener was on April 22. Owner Charles Murphy had added several new seats to the stadium. Long-time Cub player-manager Cap Anson threw out the first pitch. Tinker, Evers, and Chance turned their second double play of the season as the Cubs beat the Reds by a score of 7–3. On June 30, the Pittsburgh Pirates took first place, as the Cubs lost to the Cincinnati Reds. Starting on July 2, the Pirates started a critical five game series against the Cubs. In the first game, Three Finger Brown threw a six hit, no walk shutout, winning the game 3–0. Brown was 10–1 on the season. On September 26, starting pitcher Ed Reulbach became the only pitcher in Major League Baseball history to pitch two shutouts on the same day. That day, the Cubs played a doubleheader against the Brooklyn Dodgers. Reulbach pitched both games to completion, which the Cubs won by scores of 5–0 and 3–0. The Merkle Game On Wednesday, September 23, 1908, while playing for the New York Giants in a game against the Cubs, 19-year-old Fred Merkle committed a base-running error that later became known as \"Merkle's Boner\" and earned him the nickname of \"Bonehead.\" In the bottom of the 9th inning, Merkle came to bat with two outs and the score tied 1–1. At the time, Moose McCormick was on first base. Merkle singled, and McCormick advanced to third. Al Bridwell followed with another single, and McCormick trotted home to score the apparent winning run. The New York fans in attendance, under the impression that the game was over, ran onto the field to celebrate. Meanwhile, Merkle, thinking the game was over, ran to the Giants' clubhouse without touching second base (a gesture that was common at the time). Cubs second baseman Johnny Evers noticed this, and after retrieving a ball and touching second base, he appealed to umpire Hank O'Day to call Merkle", "title": "1908 Chicago Cubs season" }, { "docid": "1332276", "text": "The 1938 World Series was the championship series in Major League Baseball for the 1938 season. The 35th edition of the World Series, it matched the two-time defending champion New York Yankees against the Chicago Cubs. The Yankees swept the Series in four games for their seventh championship overall and record third straight (they would win four in a row from to , and five in a row later from to ). Dizzy Dean, who had helped carry the Cubs to the National League pennant despite a sore arm, ran out of gas in the Series as the Yanks crushed the Cubs again, as they had in . Yankee starting pitcher Red Ruffing won two games, although he allowed 17 hits in 18 innings pitched. After Game 2 of the Series, the Bronx Bombers would not return to Wrigley Field for nearly 65 years until a three-game interleague series with the Cubs beginning June 6, 2003. This was the first World Series played at Wrigley Field following the bleacher reconstruction of 1937, which had significantly shortened the left-center field power alley. Summary Matchups Game 1 Game 1 of the Series matched the Yankees' Red Ruffing, who had won 21 games during the season, against the Cubs' 22-game winner Bill Lee. In the top of the second inning, Lou Gehrig walked and moved to third on a single by Bill Dickey. George Selkirk then reached on an error by Cub second baseman Billy Herman scoring Gehrig, and Joe Gordon drove Dickey in with a single for a 2–0 Bomber lead. In the bottom of the third, the Cubs cut the lead in half when Ripper Collins singled to lead off and moved to second on a groundout by Lee. Stan Hack's single to right scored Collins, Hack taking second on the throw home. But when he attempted to score on an infield single by Herman, he was gunned down at home. The top of the sixth saw New York extend its lead to 3–1 when Tommy Henrich belted a double to right and scored on a Dickey single. The Cubs could muster nothing further off Ruffing, who scattered nine hits over the course of the game, and the Yankees held on for the win and a 1–0 lead in the Series. Game 2 Game 2 pitted the Yankees' Lefty Gomez against former St. Louis Cardinals ace Dizzy Dean, who had been traded to Chicago in April and won seven of his eight regular-season wins for his new team on finesse after having lost his fastball by changing his pitching motion to avoid putting weight on the toe he had fractured during the 1937 All-Star Game (on a low line drive back to the mound by Earl Averill). Game 2 of the 1938 Series thus became known as \"Ol' Diz's Last Stand\". The Cubs gave Dean a 1–0 lead in the bottom of the first inning when Hack singled, advanced to third on a single by Frank Demaree and scored on Joe", "title": "1938 World Series" }, { "docid": "13971596", "text": "The 1945 Chicago Cubs season was the 74th season of the Chicago Cubs franchise, the 70th in the National League and the 30th at Wrigley Field. The Cubs won the National League pennant with a record of 98–56, 3 games ahead of the second-place St. Louis Cardinals. The team went on to the World Series, which they lost to the Detroit Tigers in seven games. This was the Cubs last postseason appearance until 1984. It would take 71 years before the Cubs made it to another World Series. Regular season Season standings Record vs. opponents Roster Player stats Batting Starters by position Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in Other batters Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in Pitching Starting pitchers Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts Other pitchers Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts Relief pitchers Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts 1945 World Series The Curse of Billy \"The Goat\" Sianis The Curse of the Billy Goat was a curse on the Chicago Cubs that was started in 1945 and ended in 2016. As the story goes, Billy Sianis, a Greek immigrant (from Paleopyrgos, Greece), who owned a nearby tavern (the now-famous Billy Goat Tavern), had two $7.20 box seat tickets to Game 4 of the 1945 World Series between the Chicago Cubs and the Detroit Tigers, and decided to bring along his pet goat, Murphy (or Sinovia according to some references), which Sianis had restored to health when the goat had fallen off a truck and subsequently limped into his tavern. The goat wore a blanket with a sign pinned to it which read \"We got Detroit's goat\". Sianis and the goat were allowed into Wrigley Field and even paraded about on the playing field before the game before ushers intervened and led them off the field. After a heated argument, both Sianis and the goat were permitted to stay in the stadium occupying the box seat for which he had tickets. At this point, Andy Frain (head of Wrigley Field's hired security company at the time), waved the goat's box-seat ticket in the air and proclaimed, \"If he eats the ticket that would solve everything.\" However, the goat did not. Before the game was over, it started to rain and Sianis and the goat were ejected from the stadium at the command of Cubs owner Philip Knight Wrigley due to the objectionable odor of wet goat. Sianis was outraged at the ejection and allegedly placed a curse", "title": "1945 Chicago Cubs season" }, { "docid": "63460761", "text": "The first night game in Major League Baseball history occurred on May 24, 1935, when the Cincinnati Reds beat the Philadelphia Phillies 2–1 at Crosley Field. The original plan was that the Reds would play seven night games each season, one against each visiting club. Night baseball quickly found acceptance in other Major League cities and eventually became the norm; the term \"day game\" was subsequently coined to designate the increasingly rarer afternoon contests. Monday Night Baseball was born on October 19, 1966, when NBC signed a three-year contract to televise the game. Under the deal, NBC paid roughly $6 million per year for the 25 Games of the Week, $6.1 million for the 1967 World Series and 1967 All-Star Game, and $6.5 million for the 1968 World Series and 1968 All-Star Game. This brought the total value of the contract (which included three Monday night telecasts each season) up to $30.6 million. The last non-expansion/non-relocated team to play all their home games in the daytime were the Chicago Cubs; they played their first official night game in Wrigley Field on August 9, 1988, and beat the New York Mets 6–4, one night after their initial attempt at night baseball (against the Philadelphia Phillies) was rained out before it became official. The Cubs still play the fewest home night games of any major league club (35 per season, as of 2014). The first night All-Star Game was held at Philadelphia's Shibe Park in 1943, while the first World Series night game was Game 4 of the 1971 Series at Three Rivers Stadium in Pittsburgh. All All-Star Games since 1969, and all World Series games since Game 6 of the 1987 Series, have been played at night. 2020s Notes Starting with the 2022 season, TBS' weekly games were moved from Sunday afternoons to Tuesday nights. The Tuesday night program was expected to include a 30-minute studio show before and after each game. On March 29, 2022, MLB announced that Apple TV+'s first Friday night games would air on April 8, 2022, with a doubleheader of New York Mets–Washington Nationals and Houston Astros–Los Angeles Angels as the inaugural matchups. Apple also announced that Friday Night Baseball will be free-of-charge for its first 12 broadcasts. For the 2020 season abbreviated due to COVID-19, Matt Vasgersian and Alex Rodriguez would broadcast all games from a studio at ESPN's Bristol, Connecticut, headquarters. 2010s Notes In 2010, Jon Miller and Joe Morgan began their 21st consecutive season working together for ESPN. Among U.S. network television sportscasters, only Pat Summerall and John Madden (who called NFL games for CBS and Fox from 1981 to 2001) have had a similar length partnership in the booth. Following the 2010 season, ESPN announced that the television contracts of Miller and Morgan would not be renewed. Miller was offered, but chose to decline, a continued role with ESPN Radio. Steve Phillips joined them for the 2009 season, and Orel Hershiser did so for the 2010 season following Phillips' dismissal by the", "title": "List of Major League Baseball prime time television broadcasters" }, { "docid": "1104201", "text": "The 1918 World Series was the championship series in Major League Baseball for the 1918 season. The 15th edition of the World Series, it matched the American League champion Boston Red Sox against the National League champion Chicago Cubs. The Red Sox beat the Cubs four games to two. The Series victory for the Red Sox was their fifth in five tries, going back to . The Red Sox scored only nine runs in the entire Series, the fewest runs by the winning team in World Series history. Along with the and 1907 World Series (both of which the Cubs also played in), the 1918 World Series is one of only three Fall Classics where neither team hit a home run. The 1918 Series was played under several metaphorical dark clouds. The Series was held early in September because of the World War I \"Work or Fight\" order that forced the premature end of the regular season on September 2, and remains the only World Series to be played entirely in September. The Series was marred by players threatening to strike due to low gate receipts. The Chicago home games in the series were played at Comiskey Park, which had a greater seating capacity than Weeghman Park, the prior home of the Federal League Chicago Whales that the Cubs were then using and which would be rechristened Wrigley Field in 1925. The Red Sox had played their home games in the and 1916 World Series in the more expansive Braves Field, but they returned to Fenway Park for the 1918 series. During the seventh-inning stretch of Game 1, the band began playing \"The Star-Spangled Banner\" because the country was involved in World War I. The song would be named the national anthem of the United States in 1931, and during World War II its playing would become a regular pre-game feature of baseball games and other sporting events. The winning pitcher of Game 1 was Babe Ruth, who pitched a shutout. Although the Red Sox had just won their record-setting fifth World Series title, the 1918 championship would be the last Red Sox win until . The drought of 86 years was often attributed to the Curse of the Bambino. The alleged curse came to be when Red Sox owner Harry Frazee traded the superbly talented but troublesome Babe Ruth (who was instrumental in their 1918 victory) to the New York Yankees for cash after the 1919 season. The Cubs would not win their next World Series until 2016. The Cubs, who last won in , won the National League but lost the Series in 1910, 1918, , , , , and , allegedly stymied by the infamous Curse of the Billy Goat imposed during that latter Series. The Red Sox, who had won the American League but lost the Series in , , , and , finally won the World Series in and then won again in , 2013 and 2018. When the Red Sox won in 2018 (against", "title": "1918 World Series" }, { "docid": "57719377", "text": "The 2018 National League Championship Series was a best-of-seven playoff pitting the Milwaukee Brewers against the Los Angeles Dodgers, for the National League (NL) pennant and the right to play in the 2018 World Series against the AL Champions, the Boston Red Sox. The series was the 49th in league history, with Fox airing all games in the United States. This series was the first time two teams that won their division in a tiebreaker game faced each other in a playoff series, as well as the first postseason match-up between the Brewers and Dodgers. For the first time since 2012, the NLCS reached a game seven, with the Dodgers defeating the Brewers and winning back-to-back pennants for the first time since 1977–1978. The Dodgers lost in five games to the Boston Red Sox in the World Series. For the second year, Major League Baseball sold presenting sponsorships to all of its postseason series; as with the ALCS, this NLCS was sponsored by Google Assistant and was officially known as the National League Championship Series presented by Google Assistant. Background The Brewers won the National League Central division for the first time since 2011 in a tie-breaker game over the Chicago Cubs at Wrigley Field, and then swept the Colorado Rockies in the National League Division Series. Dating back to the regular season, the Brewers had won 11 straight going into the NLCS. By virtue of their regular season record, highest in the league, the Brewers held home-field advantage throughout the National League playoffs. This was the Brewers’ third League Championship Series and second in the National League, their prior NL appearance being a 2011 NLCS loss to the St. Louis Cardinals in six games. Milwaukee also appeared in and won the 1982 ALCS, occurring during their 29-year stay in the American League. Like the Brewers, the Dodgers won the National League West in a tie-breaker game, defeating the Colorado Rockies at Dodger Stadium for their sixth straight division title. The Dodgers then beat the Atlanta Braves in four games in the National League Division Series. This was the Dodgers’ third straight appearance in the NLCS, and their fourth appearance in the past six seasons. Overall, this was their 13th NLCS trip, tying the Cardinals for most appearances by a team. This was the first ever playoff matchup between the Brewers and Dodgers. The two cities did meet with the pennant on the line in 1959 when the Dodgers beat the Milwaukee Braves (now the Atlanta Braves) in a best-of-three playoff. However, MLB counts the tie-breaker series as regular season games. This was also the first ever League Championship Series between two teams that won tiebreakers, and only the third postseason meeting of any sort between two MLB teams involved in tiebreakers. The first ever such meeting was the 2018 National League Wild Card Game in which the Rockies defeated the Cubs and the second was the NLDS in which the Brewers defeated the Rockies. The Dodgers became the first", "title": "2018 National League Championship Series" }, { "docid": "356964", "text": "Note — many sporting events did not take place because of World War II 1942 in sports describes the year's events in world sport. American football NFL Championship: the Washington Redskins won 14–6 over the Chicago Bears at Griffith Stadium 1 January – The Rose Bowl not being available for war-related reasons, the Oregon State Beavers play the Duke Blue Devils for that championship at the latter's venue of Durham, North Carolina, beating the Blue Devils, 20–16. Ohio State Buckeyes – college football national championship (coached by Paul Brown) Association football FIFA World Cup – not held due to World War II. La Liga is won by Valencia CF. German football championship won by Schalke 04 Serie A won by A.S. Roma Primeira Liga won by S.L. Benfica Japan defeat Republic Of China, Manchukuo, Mongolia, by 6–1, 3–0, 12–0 during 8–20 August 1942 to win Manchuria 10th Anniversary Tournament. There is no major football competition in England, Scotland or France due to World War II. In England, several regional leagues are played but statistics from these are not counted in players’ figures. Australian rules football Victorian Football League – Essendon wins the 46th VFL Premiership, beating Richmond 19.18 (132) to 11.13 (79) in the 1942 VFL Grand Final. Baseball January 4 – Hall of Fame election: Rogers Hornsby is elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame, getting 78 percent of the vote. Further selections of 19th-century players are delayed. January 15 – President Franklin D. Roosevelt gives baseball the go-ahead to play despite World War II. FDR encourages more night baseball so that war workers may attend. The Cubs, who had signed contracts to install lights at Wrigley Field, drop their plans because of the military need for the material. There will be no lights at Wrigley for 46 more years. World Series – St. Louis Cardinals (NL) defeat New York Yankees (AL), 4 games to 1. Negro League World Series – Kansas City Monarchs (NAL) defeat Homestead Grays (NNL), 4 games to none. The Winnipeg Maroons win the Northern League championship. It would also be their last. Leones Caracas, as most successful professional baseball club in Venezuela, officially founded on May 7. Basketball NBL Championship Oshkosh All-Stars over Fort Wayne Zollner Pistons (2–1) Events The tenth South American Basketball Championship in Santiago is won by Argentina. Cricket Events There is no first-class cricket in England or Australia due to World War II. A few first-class matches are played in the West Indies, South Africa and New Zealand but are not part of any official competition. Former England international Andy Ducat dies of a heart attack on 23 July during a game at Lord's Cricket Ground whilst playing for his unit of the Home Guard from Surrey against another from Sussex. India Ranji Trophy – Bombay beat Mysore by an innings and 281 runs. Bombay Pentangular – not contested West Indies Trinidad are dismissed for just 16 against Barbados during a game at the Bridgetown Oval – still the lowest", "title": "1942 in sports" }, { "docid": "1332394", "text": "The 1906 World Series was the championship series in Major League Baseball for the 1906 season. The third edition of the World Series, it featured a crosstown matchup between the American League champion Chicago White Sox and the National League champion Chicago Cubs. The Cubs had posted the highest regular-season win total (116) and winning percentage (.763) in the major leagues since the advent of the 154-game season. The White Sox, known as the \"Hitless Wonders\" after finishing with the worst team batting average (.230) in the American League, beat the Cubs in six games for one of the greatest upsets in Series history as the Sox out-pitched the Cubs in their first two wins and out-hit them in their last two. The home teams alternated, starting with the National League Cubs being home in Game 1. The teams split the first four games; then the Hitless Wonders (a name coined by sportswriter Charles Dryden) exploded for 26 hits in the last two games. True to their nickname, the White Sox hit only .198 as a team in winning the series, but it beat the .196 average produced by the Cubs. In Game 3, White Sox pitcher Ed Walsh struck out 12 Cubs, breaking the previous record of 11 set by Bill Dinneen in . The 1906 World Series was the first to be played between two teams from the same city. This series and the edition, contested between the St. Louis Cardinals and St. Louis Browns, are the only such instances outside of New York City. This is also the most recent World Series where both teams were making their first appearance in the Fall Classic. Summary Matchups Game 1 White Sox starter Nick Altrock faced Cub starter Mordecai \"Three-Fingered\" Brown in game 1. Both were perfect through three innings. The Cubs put a runner on second in the bottom of the fourth inning, but couldn't score. In the top of the fifth, George Rohe tripled to lead off, then scored on an error at home when Patsy Dougherty reached on a fielder's choice. The Sox scored a second run in the top of the sixth. Altrock walked, and was sacrificed to second base by Ed Hahn. Fielder Jones then singled to center but Altrock was thrown out at the plate, Jones taking second on the throw home. He took third on Cub catcher Johnny Kling's passed ball, and Frank Isbell drove him home with a single. The Cubs struck back in their half of the sixth. Kling walked and Brown singled with nobody out. After Solly Hofman sacrificed the runners to second and third, Altrock's wild pitch scored Kling and sent Brown to third, giving him little margin for error with only one out, but he got Jimmy Sheckard to pop out and Frank Schulte to ground out to end the threat. He pitched beautifully for the rest of the game, allowing only one more Cub to reach second, retaining the 2–1 lead for a Game 1 Sox", "title": "1906 World Series" }, { "docid": "49282584", "text": "Robert John Zastryzny ( born March 26, 1992) is a Canadian-American professional baseball pitcher in the Milwaukee Brewers organization. He has previously played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Chicago Cubs, New York Mets, Los Angeles Angels, and Pittsburgh Pirates. He played college baseball for the Missouri Tigers of the University of Missouri. Early life Zastryzny was born in Edmonton, Alberta. His family moved to Corpus Christi, Texas, when he was one year old. Zastryzny holds dual Canadian-American citizenship, and was homeschooled. Career Amateur career Zastryzny played for the Calallen High School baseball team as a pitcher and first baseman, but he began to focus on pitching by his junior year. He compiled a 26–4 win–loss record and a 0.71 earned run average (ERA) and 299 strikeouts, including a 17–1 record and a 0.20 ERA and 198 strikeouts in his senior year. He pitched a perfect game during his junior year. After graduating from Calallen, Zastryzny then enrolled at the University of Missouri, where he played college baseball for the Missouri Tigers. In three years at Missouri, Zastryzny had a 9–19 win–loss record and a 3.79 ERA with 228 strikeouts, the eighth-most in Tigers history. Chicago Cubs The Chicago Cubs selected Zastryzny in the second round, with the 41st overall selection, of the 2013 MLB draft. He began his professional career with the Boise Hawks of the Low–A Northwest League, and was promoted to the Kane County Cougars of the Single–A Midwest League. He pitched for the Daytona Cubs of the High–A Florida State League in 2014. In 2015, he pitched for the Tennessee Smokies of the Double–A Southern League. After the 2015 regular season, the Cubs assigned Zastryzny to the Mesa Solar Sox of the Arizona Fall League. Zastryzny began the 2016 season with Tennessee, and received a mid-season promotion to the Iowa Cubs of the Triple–A Pacific Coast League. On August 19, the Cubs promoted him to the major leagues. Zastryzny made 11 appearances for the Cubs to finish 2016, and finished 1-0 with a 1.13 ERA. The Cubs would eventually win the 2016 World Series, ending their 108-year drought. Zastryzny won his first World Series title. Zastryzny was added to the roster for the 2016 National League Championship Series, replacing Tommy La Stella who had been on the roster for the 2016 National League Division Series. Although eligible to play, he did not appear in any NLCS games. Zastryzny was replaced by Kyle Schwarber on the roster for the 2016 World Series. He was designated for assignment on September 1, 2018. He was outrighted to Iowa on September 3. Zastryzny was released by the Cubs organization on March 25, 2019. Los Angeles Dodgers On March 26, 2019, Zastryzny signed a minor league deal with the Los Angeles Dodgers. After the season, on October 8, 2019, he was selected for the Canada national baseball team at the 2019 WBSC Premier12. Baltimore Orioles On November 26, 2019, Zastryzny signed a minor league deal with the Baltimore Orioles organization.", "title": "Rob Zastryzny" }, { "docid": "1332383", "text": "The 1914 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's 1914 season. The 11th edition of the World Series, it was played between the American League champion and defending World Series champion Philadelphia Athletics and the National League champion Boston Braves. The \"Miracle Braves\" were in last place on July 4, then won the National League pennant by games. The Braves' relatively unknown starting trio of pitchers, with a combined career record of 285–245, outperformed the Athletics vaunted rotation (929–654) in all four games. Hank Gowdy hit .545 (6 of 11) with five extra-base hits and also drew five walks for Boston in the series and was the difference maker in Games 1 and 3. Adding to their supposed disadvantages, the Braves arguably lacked a notable home-field advantage. They had abandoned their 43-year-old home field South End Grounds in August 1914, choosing to rent from the Boston Red Sox at Fenway Park while awaiting construction of Braves Field (1915). Thus their home games in this Series were also at Fenway. This was the first official four-game sweep in World Series history. The Cubs had defeated the Tigers four games to none in , but Game 1 had ended in a tie before the Cubs won the next four in a row. At least one publication, To Every Thing A Season by Bruce Kuklick, has suggested other factors that might have contributed to the sweep, noting that some of the A's may have been irritated at the penny-pinching ways of their manager/owner Connie Mack and thus did not play hard, and also noting the heavy wagering against Philadelphia placed by entertainer George M. Cohan through bookmaker Sport Sullivan, who was also implicated in the 1919 Black Sox scandal. Chief Bender and Eddie Plank jumped to the rival Federal League for the 1915 season. Mack unloaded most of his other high-priced stars soon after and, within two years, the A's achieved the worst winning percentage in modern history (even worse than the 1962 New York Mets or the 2003 Detroit Tigers). Background Because an AL team had won the last four World Series (the A's had represented the AL in three out of those four), the A's were heavily favored. That the Braves had been in last place in July before coming back to win the pennant contributed to the perception that the AL was simply superior to the NL. The A's roster boasted 5 future hall-of-famers and many agreed they were the better team on paper. A story told about Connie Mack during the 1914 season reflects this attitude among the A's that the Braves would be pushovers. That year, Mack gave star pitcher Chief Bender the week off and told him to scout the Braves personally. Instead, Bender took a vacation. When asked to defend his actions, he replied: \"Why should I check out a bunch of bush league hitters?\" Summary Matchups Game 1 26-game winner Dick Rudolph scattered five hits while striking out eight as the Braves", "title": "1914 World Series" }, { "docid": "2747980", "text": "Virgil Oliver \"Fire\" Trucks (April 26, 1917 – March 23, 2013) was an American Major League Baseball pitcher with the Detroit Tigers, St. Louis Browns, Chicago White Sox, Kansas City Athletics and New York Yankees between 1941 and 1958. He batted and threw right-handed. A native of Birmingham, Alabama, Trucks posted a 177–135 win–loss record with 1,534 strikeouts and a 3.39 ERA in 2,682.2 innings pitched over a 17-year career. Trucks was a two-time All-Star and a two-time league leader in shutouts. In 1952, Trucks became the third major leaguer to throw two no-hitters in a season. After his playing career, Trucks coached for several years in the major leagues. At the time of his death in March 2013, he was one of the oldest living former major league players. Career The Detroit Tigers signed Trucks as an amateur in 1938. In his first pro season, Trucks set a minor league record with 418 strikeouts. He also threw four no-hitters in the minors. He debuted with the Tigers in the fall of 1941. Trucks missed two seasons due to military service in World War II and was discharged from the Navy less than two weeks before his start in the second game of the 1945 World Series. Because of the war and returning servicemen, the American and National Leagues waived the rule requiring players to have been on the team's roster by September 1 to qualify for post-season play. He defeated the Chicago Cubs in that game. At the time of his death, he was the last living pitcher to face the Cubs in a World Series game. The only other pitcher to win a post-season game without winning a regular season game is Chris Carpenter of the 2012 St. Louis Cardinals. In 1949, Trucks was selected for the MLB All-Star Game and he led the league in shutouts and strikeouts. In 1952, despite a 5–19 record and the Detroit Tigers' equally terrible 50-104-2 record, Trucks became just the third major league pitcher to hurl two no-hitters in one season (three others have since matched the feat). He won both no-hitters by a score of 1-0, beating the Washington Senators on May 15 and the New York Yankees on August 25. In the 1953 season, Trucks recorded a 20-10 record, 149 strikeouts and a 2.93 ERA and finished fifth in AL MVP voting. He had been traded early that season from the St. Louis Browns to the Chicago White Sox, becoming one of a small number of pitchers traded during a 20-win season. He earned his second All-Star distinction in 1954, a year in which he led the AL in shutouts for a second time. Along with his two no-hitters in his major league career, Trucks has also thrown four one-hitters and four two-hitters. Coaching After retiring as a player, Trucks joined the coaching staff of the Pittsburgh Pirates, winning the 1960 World Series with them against his old team, the Yankees. He continued coaching with the Pirates, then coached", "title": "Virgil Trucks" }, { "docid": "33440299", "text": "Curse: Cubs Win! Cubs Win! or Do They? is a baseball and mystery novel written by Andy Van Slyke and Rob Rains. The Curse is a fictional account of the Chicago Cubs and their journey from a tragic plane crash to a World Series victory. Plot The book entails a present-day Cubs team as they attempt to overcome tragedy and avoid adding their names to the long list of curses plaguing their franchise's history. The Chicago Cubs are enjoying their finest season in years, leading their division with the best record in the National League a week before the All-Star break. Talk is increasing that this might finally be the year the long suffering fans will get to enjoy a pennant for the first time since 1945 and perhaps the first World Series victory since 1908. As the team's charter flight is heading from Chicago to the West Coast, the plane crashes. All but two players are killed, along with the manager, general manager, coaches and other team executives and broadcasters. Baseball is forced to implement its never-disclosed disaster plan, and 10 days later, the \"new\" Chicago Cubs come together with uncommon backgrounds but one common goal – to fulfill the legacy of those killed in the plane crash, and all of the Cubs who have come before them, by winning the pennant and the World Series. The manager is a burned out baseball veteran who was fired as the team's Triple A manager after going into the stands to attack a fan. One of the key players turns out to be the great-great grandson of Jimmy Slagle, the center fielder of the 1908 Cubs. Billy Slagle is a 28-year-old journeyman outfielder who had been on the Cubs' Triple A affiliate in Iowa. He is one of those players who has always been on the fringe of making it to the major leagues but has never received much of a chance. He becomes the leader of the new Cubs as they continue their drive toward the pennant and the World Series. He becomes interested in the history of the team and of his long-deceased relative and retraces his background, including visiting the site of that team's home stadium, West Side Grounds, where a hospital now stands. Slagle also will accompany the reader on his history course of the Cubs' failed pennant attempts of the past, learning about the Curse of the Billy Goat; about the collapse of the 1969 Cubs, watching the ball squirt through Leon Durham's legs in the 1984 playoffs, and cursing Steve Bartman and how he got in the way of the 2003 Cubs' pennant clinching moment. The Cubs, thanks largely to Slagle's play, do go on to win the pennant and earn a spot in the World Series. The novel has a dual storyline, following the exploits of the new Cubs on the field while also covering the investigation into the cause of the plane crash, which it turns out might not have been an accident.", "title": "The Curse: Cubs Win! Cubs Win! Or Do They?" }, { "docid": "2653164", "text": "John Michael \"Red\" Corriden (September 4, 1887 – September 28, 1959) was an American player, coach, manager, and scout in Major League Baseball. A shortstop and third baseman in his playing days, Corriden appeared in 223 big league games with the St. Louis Browns (1910), Detroit Tigers (1912) and Chicago Cubs (1913–15), batting .205 with 131 hits. He was born in Logansport, Indiana. Involvement in 1910 controversy He had an important role in the 1910 Chalmers Award batting title controversy. When playing third base, he was ordered by catcher Jack O'Connor to play back, giving Nap Lajoie a good chance to beat out bunts for hits that could help win the award for Lajoie instead of the widely hated Ty Cobb, who had been leading in the batting average race prior to the last-day's doubleheader, .385 to .376. Minor league manager, MLB coach After his playing career ended, Corriden coached and managed in the minor leagues during the 1920s. In 1932 he was named a coach with the Cubs. As a Major League coach for the next 17 years, Corriden would assist managers such as Rogers Hornsby, Charlie Grimm, Gabby Hartnett, Leo Durocher and Bucky Harris with the Cubs (1932–40), Brooklyn Dodgers (1941–46) and New York Yankees (1947–48) — working for five pennant-winning teams and one World Series champion. The Yankees' \"raiding\" of Corriden and Chuck Dressen from the coaching staff of Durocher's Dodgers was one of the factors in the public feud between Durocher and Yankee president Larry MacPhail that spilled into print in early 1947. When a newspaper column under Durocher's name accused MacPhail of allowing known gamblers to use his box seats at spring training games in Havana, Cuba, Commissioner of Baseball Happy Chandler initiated an investigation that resulted in Durocher's suspension for the entire 1947 campaign. White Sox manager Corriden left the Yankees after the 1948 season. He began 1950 in the familiar role of coach for the Chicago White Sox when his only MLB managing chance occurred. On May 26, 1950, with the Sox only 8–22 and last in the American League, skipper Jack Onslow was dismissed and Corriden, 62 years old at the time, finished out the season. Under Corriden, the White Sox won only 52 of 124 games, but climbed two places, finishing sixth. He returned to the Dodgers in 1951, as a scout. His son, John M. Jr., an outfielder in professional baseball, had a brief big-league trial as a pinch runner with Brooklyn in 1946. Managerial record Death Red Corriden died in Indianapolis, Indiana, at 72 from a heart attack suffered while watching the 1959 National League tie-breaker series between the Milwaukee Braves and the Dodgers on television. External links Retrosheet The Deadball Era 1887 births 1959 deaths Baseball players from Indiana Brooklyn Dodgers coaches Brooklyn Dodgers scouts Chicago Cubs coaches Chicago Cubs players Chicago Cubs scouts Chicago White Sox coaches Chicago White Sox managers Des Moines Boosters players Detroit Tigers players Indianapolis Indians managers Kansas City Blues (baseball) players Keokuk", "title": "Red Corriden" }, { "docid": "1982545", "text": "The Ex-Cubs Factor (or Ex-Cub Factor) is a seemingly spurious correlation that was seen as essentially a corollary to the Curse of the Billy Goat. Widely published in the 1990s, the hypothesis asserted that since the appearance by the Chicago Cubs in the 1945 World Series, any baseball team headed into the World Series with three or more former Cubs on its roster has \"a critical mass of Cubness\" and a strong likelihood of failure. Ex-Cubs Factor hypothesis The theory was developed in October 15, 1981 by Ron Berler, a freelance journalist and Cubs fan. Berler posited in an article that \"it is utterly impossible for a team with three or more ex-Cubs to win the series.\" Berler based this on a pattern that he observed in the post-1945 era; 1945 being the last time the Chicago Cubs made it to a World Series until 2016. Berler cited many examples of teams with three or more ex-Cubs on their teams that reached the World Series and lost: including the 1958 Milwaukee Braves, the 1966 Los Angeles Dodgers, and the 1978 Los Angeles Dodgers. The 1978 Dodgers, according to Berler, had lost the 1977 World Series with three ex-Cubs on their roster and seemed to be doing well the next season when they traded one of those ex-Cubs (Mike Garman) away and began playing excellently. However, four weeks later, the Dodgers traded for ex-Cub Bill North and, in the words of Berler, the \"team suffered an immediate tailspin and barely beat Cincinnati to the pennant\" (North was actually traded to the Dodgers first on May 17, and Garman was traded away three days later). The 1978 Dodgers lost the World Series to the Yankees leading to Berler's hypothesis of three ex-Cubs making it impossible to win a championship. In addition, the 1980 Kansas City Royals lost the World Series as well with 3 ex-Cubs. In the original article, Berler predicted that based on this pattern the 1981 New York Yankees would not win the World Series because they had five ex-Cubs on their roster (Oscar Gamble, Bobby Murcer, Dave LaRoche, Rick Reuschel, and Barry Foote), this prediction went against the odds which heavily favored the Yankees at the time. His prediction about the 1981 World Series based on this hypothesis was proved correct with the Yankees losing to the Dodgers, four games to two. Explanation of the relationship Berler relates the relationship to the inherent \"cubness\" that ex-Cubs take to their future teams. In the original article, he wrote that \"the ballclub possesses eerie, bewitching powers over its players\" and that \"'Cubness'...is synonymous with the rankest sort of abject failure, and is a condition chronic among all Cubs, past and present.\" Mike Royko, who popularized the term in his columns in Chicago, wrote that cubness was a \"virus\" where \"Three or more ex-Cubs could infect an entire team with the will to lose, no matter how skillful that team might appear.\" Berler adopted a similar explanation in later articulations, writing that", "title": "Ex-Cubs Factor" }, { "docid": "16097971", "text": "The Homer in the Gloamin' is one of the most famous home runs in baseball folklore, hit by Gabby Hartnett of the Chicago Cubs near the end of the 1938 Major League Baseball season. A play on the popular song \"Roamin' in the Gloamin'\", the phrase was written by Associated Press reporter Earl Hilligan in a story about the game. The play The Pittsburgh Pirates had led the National League for much of the 1938 season, but when the final month of the season came, the Pirates began to falter. By the time they came to Chicago late in September for a three-game series, the Chicago Cubs were one and a half games behind the Pirates in the standings. The Cubs won the first game of the series 2–1, behind the pitching of Dizzy Dean, who a year after an arm injury was past his prime. Dean relied on his experience and grit to defeat the Pirates and would later call it the greatest outing of his career. The victory cut the Pirates' lead to a half game and set the stage for one of baseball's most memorable moments. The game on September 28, 1938, reached the bottom of the ninth inning with the score tied at five runs apiece. With darkness descending on a Wrigley Field that would not have artificial lighting for another 50 years, the umpires ruled that the ninth inning would be the last to be played. At the time, suspended game rules did not provide for suspending games due to darkness. The game would have to have been replayed in its entirety the following day, prior to the scheduled third game of the series. Player-manager Hartnett came to bat with two outs in the bottom of the ninth inning. With a count of 0 balls and 2 strikes, Hartnett connected on a Mace Brown pitch, launching the ball into the darkness. Before it eventually landed in the left-center field bleachers for a game-winning home run, the stadium erupted into pandemonium as players and fans stormed the field to escort Hartnett around the bases. Aftermath As a result of the shot, the Cubs vaulted into first place. They won the next day's scheduled game over the Pirates 10–1, completing a three-game sweep of the Bucs, and would clinch the pennant in St. Louis three days later. The Cubs would finish the season 89–63, with the Pirates two games behind at 86–64. That was the high point of the Cubs season, as they were swept in the 1938 World Series by the New York Yankees, their fourth World Series loss in ten years. For the Pirates, 1938 marked the closest they would come to going to the World Series between 1927 and 1960, as the team would slip to sixth place the following year, with average seasons in the early 1940s and a late pennant race in 1948 only to become one of baseball's worst teams from 1949 until 1956, not contending for the National League pennant", "title": "Homer in the Gloamin'" }, { "docid": "616172", "text": "Alpine skiing FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 5th FIS Alpine World Ski Championships are held at Mürren, Switzerland. The events are a downhill, a slalom and a combined race in both the men's and women's categories. The winners are: Men's Downhill – Franz Zingerle (Austria) Men's Slalom – Anton Seelos (Austria) Men's Combined – Anton Seelos (Austria) Women's Downhill – Christl Cranz (Germany) Women's Slalom – Anny Rüegg (Switzerland) Women's Combined – Christl Cranz (Germany) American football NFL Championship: the Detroit Lions won 26–7 over the New York Giants at University of Detroit Stadium Rose Bowl (1934 season): The Alabama Crimson Tide won 29–13 over the Stanford Indians to share the college football national championship Minnesota Golden Gophers – college football national championship shared with SMU Mustangs First Heisman Trophy presented to Jay Berwanger of the University of Chicago The Maxwell Football Club of Philadelphia was founded Association football England First Division – Arsenal win the 1934–35 title, becoming only the second team to win the title three times in a row. FA Cup – Sheffield Wednesday beat West Bromwich Albion 4–2. Spain La Liga won by Betis Balompié Germany Origin of the DFB-Pokal, which is Germany's premier national cup competition, in the institution of the \"Tschammer-Pokal\", a competition with Nazi affiliations that is terminated at the end of World War II. It is then restored as the DFB-Pokal in the 1952–53 season. National Championship – FC Schalke 04 6–4 VfB Stuttgart Tschammer-Pokal – 1. FC Nürnberg 2–0 FC Schalke 04 in Düsseldorf Italy Serie A won by Juventus Portugal The inaugural Primeira Liga is won by F.C. Porto France French Division 1 won by Sochaux-Montbéliard Brazil January 25 – São Paulo Futebol Clube founded. Australian rules football VFL Premiership 5 October – Collingwood wins the 39th VFL Premiership, defeating South Melbourne 11.12 (78) to 7.16 (58) in the 1935 VFL Grand Final Brownlow Medal awarded to Haydn Bunton, Sr. (Fitzroy) South Australian National Football League 5 October – South Adelaide wins their first premiership since 1899, beating Port Adelaide 15.9 (99) to 13.13 (91) Magarey Medal awarded to Jack Cockburn (South Adelaide) Western Australian National Football League 12 October – West Perth win their seventh premiership, defeating Subiaco 11.8 (74) to 7.9 (51) Sandover Medal awarded to Lou Daily (Subiaco) and George Krepp (Swan Districts) Baseball Detroit Tigers defeat Chicago Cubs 4–2 in the World Series MVPs: American League: Hank Greenberg, Detroit Tigers National League: Gabby Hartnett, Chicago Cubs On May 25, Babe Ruth has a last hurrah, hitting three home runs against the Pittsburgh Pirates. The final one, the last of his 714 career home runs, sets a baseball record that stood for 39 years. This homer is the first to clear the right field grandstand at Forbes Field and is measured at 600 feet (183 m). June 2 – Babe Ruth announces he is going to retire from the sport. The Winnipeg Maroons win the Northern League championship. Japanese club Hanshin Tigers, officially founded in Osaka on", "title": "1935 in sports" }, { "docid": "13934404", "text": "The 1885 Chicago White Stockings season was the 14th season of the Chicago White Stockings franchise, the tenth in the National League and the first at the first West Side Park. The White Stockings won the National League pennant for the first time since 1882, beating the New York Giants by two games. They went on to face the St. Louis Browns in the 1885 World Series. The series ended without a champion, with both teams winning three games with one tie. Regular season Season standings Record vs. opponents Roster Player stats Batting Starters by position Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in Other batters Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in Pitching Starting pitchers Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts Other pitchers Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts Relief pitchers Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts 1885 World Series The White Stockings tied the St. Louis Browns in the World Series 3–3–1. Game 1 (October 14): Darkness ends game one after 8 innings‚ with the teams tied 5–5. Game 2 (October 15): With Chicago leading 5–4 in the sixth inning, Browns manager Charles Comiskey calls his team off the field to protest a ruling made by umpire Dave Sullivan. The game is forfeited to Chicago. Game 6 (October 23): The series moves from Pittsburgh to Cincinnati‚ setting a record for the series played in the most cities. (It was also played in New York and St. Louis.) Chicago takes a 3–2 series lead by beating the Browns 9–2. Game 7 (October 24): Behind pitcher Dave Foutz, St. Louis defeats Chicago 13–4 in the 7th and last game. The Browns claim the game 2 forfeit didn't count and therefore claim the championship. The two clubs split the $1000 prize. Notes References 1885 Chicago White Stockings season at Baseball Reference Chicago Cubs seasons Chicago White Stockings season National League champion seasons World Series champion seasons Chicago Cubs", "title": "1885 Chicago White Stockings season" }, { "docid": "16012823", "text": "William Riddle Marshall (September 22, 1875 in Butler, Pennsylvania – December 11, 1959 in Clinton, Illinois), was a professional baseball player who played catcher for several National League clubs from 1904 to 1909. He briefly managed the Chicago Whales during the inaugural Federal League season. Formative years Marshall attended college at Grove City College, Slippery Rock University, the University of Pennsylvania and the Chicago College of Medicine and Surgery. Career Marshall began his professional career relatively late in life, at the age of 27 in 1903, with the Des Moines Undertakers of the Western League, after working as a schoolteacher. He made it to the major leagues in 1904, and bounced around the National League during his first season. He made his debut on April 15, 1904 (the second game of the season) for the Philadelphia Phillies. He stayed on their roster for two months, and then played one game in July for the New York Giants. He then played eleven games for the Boston Beaneaters in August before finishing up the season with the Giants. The Giants won the National League pennant that season but no World Series was played. He spent 1905 in the top level of the minor leagues, with the Minneapolis Millers of the American Association, before returning to the National League in 1906, first with the Giants and then with the Saint Louis Cardinals. In 1907, while playing for the Cardinals, he led all catchers in assists and errors. He also led the league in runners caught stealing. During the 1908 season, the last-place Cardinals sold him to the league-leading Chicago Cubs. He was included on the Cubs' 22-man roster for the 1908 World Series but he did not play. The Cubs beat the Detroit Tigers 4 games to 1. The next season, the Cubs sold Marshall to the Brooklyn Superbas, where he served as the backup catcher to Bill Bergen. Bergen set a post-1900 record for futility at the plate by a regular position player which still stands, batting .139 in 112 games. Marshall hit somewhat better in his 50 games, batting .201. This proved to be Marshall's last major league season, although he played four more seasons in the minors. He also played with the Des Moines Undertakers of the Western League and the Milwaukee Brewers and St. Paul Saints of the American Association. During his baseball career, in both the minor and major leagues, Marshall studied medicine part-time, earning his doctorate in 1909. After retiring from baseball, he bought the practice of a local doctor in the small town of Clinton, Illinois, and served patients in east-central Illinois for 45 years from 1914 to 1959. His brother Dr. E.H. Marshall was his business and professional partner. External links 1875 births 1959 deaths Grove City Wolverines baseball players Slippery Rock baseball players Penn Quakers baseball players Major League Baseball catchers Brooklyn Superbas players Philadelphia Phillies players New York Giants (NL) players Boston Beaneaters players St. Louis Cardinals players Chicago Cubs players Baseball players", "title": "Doc Marshall (catcher)" }, { "docid": "3364890", "text": "Charles Louis Leibrandt Jr. (; born October 4, 1956) is an American former Major League Baseball pitcher who played from 1979 to 1993 for the Cincinnati Reds, Kansas City Royals, Atlanta Braves, and Texas Rangers. Leibrandt was a productive pitcher throughout his 14-year career and a member of the 1985 World Series champion Royals team. Early years and education Leibrandt was born in Chicago, Illinois. He grew up in Golf, Illinois and his parents, Anne and Chuck, ran a restaurant in the bordering village of Morton Grove. He attended Chicago Cubs games at Wrigley Field as a youth and dreamt of pitching for the Cubs. He attended Loyola Academy. He attended Miami University, in Oxford, Ohio, from 1975–1978, where he earned four letters as a pitcher on the baseball team. During his senior year, Leibrandt was selected first-team All-MAC; he compiled a record of 7–2 with an ERA of 1.65. Career Leibrandt was drafted by the Cincinnati Reds in the ninth round of the 1978 free agent draft. He made his debut in Major League Baseball on September 17, 1979, in a Cincinnati Reds uniform. A few weeks later, he made his first post-season appearance in the 1979 National League Championship Series, recording an out of the only batter he faced, John Milner. In 1980, Leibrandt made his first major league start in the 4th game of the season as the Reds beat the Atlanta Braves, 5–0, and Leibrandt threw a five-hit shutout for his first career win. But Leibrandt, while 10–9 in 1980, showed little promise in Cincinnati and was traded to the Kansas City Royals for Bob Tufts on June 7, 1983. The following year, Leibrandt went 11–7 with a 3.63 ERA as the Royals won the Western Division championship. In 1985, Leibrandt had the best year of his career, going 17–9 with a 2.69 ERA as the Royals won the World Series. Over the next three years, Leibrandt won 14, 16, and 13 games, but after a disastrous 1989 when he went 5–11 on a second place (but 92-wins) team, the Royals traded Leibrandt and Rick Luecken to the Atlanta Braves for Gerald Perry and Jim Lemasters. On May 16, 1987, Leibrandt pitched a complete game one-hitter against the Milwaukee Brewers. The only hit for the Brewers was a bunt hit by backup Brewers catcher Bill Schroeder. Schroeder would go on to become the TV color commentator for the Brewers. On the last place Braves in 1990, Leibrandt went 9–11 with a 3.16 ERA, finishing behind only John Smoltz and Tom Glavine on the Braves staff in wins. The following year, 1991, Leibrandt was a member of one of two trios in MLB history of southpaws ever to win 15 games on the same staff, sharing that honor with Glavine and Steve Avery, also has been done by the 1997 Mariners since. Leibrandt was generally regarded as a fourth starter on the Braves in 1991 and 1992. On September 29, 1992, Leibrandt recorded the 1,000th strikeout of", "title": "Charlie Leibrandt" }, { "docid": "14843889", "text": "The 1945 Major League Baseball season featured 16 teams, eight in both the American League (AL) and National League (NL). The AL's Detroit Tigers defeated the NL's Chicago Cubs in the World Series, four games to three. It would prove to be the Cubs’ last appearance in a World Series until the 2016 World Series. Awards and honors The Sporting News Most Valuable Player Award went to Detroit Tigers third baseman Eddie Mayo; however, following a post-season vote, the official AL MVP Award was given to fellow Detroit Tiger Hal Newhouser, a pitcher. Newhouser ended the season with an ERA of 1.81, a record of 25 wins and 9 losses, and 212 strikeouts. Both of them helped lead the Detroit Tigers to a World Series win, and Newhouser remarked that Eddie Mayo was the driving force behind the 1945 pennant chase and that Mayo was a \"take-charge kind of guy in our field.\" The NL Most Valuable Player Award went to Chicago Cubs first baseman and outfielder Phil Cavarretta. He ended the season with an impressive batting average of .355 and an on-base-percentage of .455. The second-place finisher was Boston Braves player Tommy Holmes who finished the season with a batting average of .352 and an impressive slugging percentage of .577. Hal Newhouser won the pitching Triple Crown in addition to the official AL MVP Award. To win this award you have to lead the league in wins, strikeouts, and ERA. There was no hitter that was awarded the Triple Crown, which entails leading the league in batting average, home runs, and runs batted in. There were nine players and one manager inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame during the year 1945. The players were: Jim O'Rourke, King Kelly, Hughie Jennings, Hugh Duffy, Ed Delahanty, Jimmy Collins, Fred Clarke, Dan Brouthers, and Roger Bresnahan. Wilbert Robinson was the manager that was inducted in the Hall of Fame. Statistical leaders Standings American League National League Postseason Bracket Managers American League National League Home field attendance Events On April 17, Pete Gray became the first (and so far, only) one-armed man to ever play in the Major Leagues. He batted .218 in 77 games with the St. Louis Browns. This season would be the last World Series appearance for the Chicago Cubs until 2016. See also 1945 All-American Girls Professional Baseball League season References External links 1945 Major League Baseball season schedule at Baseball Reference Major League Baseball seasons", "title": "1945 Major League Baseball season" }, { "docid": "53252702", "text": "The 2017 National League Championship Series was a best-of-seven playoff pitting the Los Angeles Dodgers against the defending World Series champion Chicago Cubs for the National League pennant and the right to play in the 2017 World Series. The series was a rematch of the 2016 NLCS, which Chicago won four games to two en route to their first World Series victory since 1908. This was just the 10th time two teams have met in at least two straight League Championship Series, which have existed since divisional play began in 1969. The series was the 48th in league history. The Dodgers beat the Cubs in five games to win the NL pennant for the first time in 29 years, their last one in 1988. This was the first time in history that the NLCS and ALCS teams were from the four most populous U.S. cities: New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, and Houston. For the first time, Major League Baseball sold presenting sponsorships to all of its postseason series; this NLCS was sponsored by Camping World and was officially known as the National League Championship Series presented by Camping World. The Dodgers would go on to lose to the Houston Astros in the World Series in a controversial seven-game series. Background This was the Dodgers' second consecutive appearance in the National League Championship Series, and 12th all-time (with this being their third appearance in the past five seasons). In 2016, they lost in six games to the Chicago Cubs, the eventual World Series winner. By having the best regular season record in the NL and MLB, the Dodgers held home-field advantage throughout the entire playoffs. This was the Cubs' third consecutive appearance in the NLCS. In 2015, they were swept in four games by the New York Mets. In 2016, they defeated the Dodgers (4–2) in six games, eventually going on to win their first World Series since 1908. This was the third postseason meeting between the Cubs and Dodgers. The clubs have split their two previous postseason meetings. Los Angeles swept Chicago in the 2008 NLDS (3–0) and the Cubs defeated the Dodgers in the 2016 NLCS in six games (4–2). This was just the tenth time two teams have met in at least two straight League Championship Series, which have existed since divisional play began in 1969. The last time two teams met in the NLCS consecutive years was back in 2008 and 2009, in which the Phillies defeated the Dodgers in five games on both occasions (4–1). The last time a team avenged an NLCS loss with an NLCS win against the same opponent the following year was the Astros over the Cardinals in 2005 (4–2) after losing to the Cardinals in 2004 (4–3). The Dodgers offense took a big hit before the series even began when All-Star shortstop Corey Seager was left off the NLCS roster as a result of a back injury suffered in game three of the division series. Summary Game summaries Game 1 Being", "title": "2017 National League Championship Series" }, { "docid": "1332388", "text": "The 1908 World Series was the championship series in Major League Baseball for the 1908 season. The fifth edition of the World Series, it matched the defending National League champion Chicago Cubs against the American League champion Detroit Tigers in a rematch of the 1907 Series. In this first-ever rematch of this young event, the Cubs won in five games for their second straight World Series title. The 1908 World Series was significant for being the last World Series championship the Cubs would win until (108 years later). That became the longest World Series victory drought in MLB history. Before the 2016 series, the team would go on to appear in seven World Series; in , , , , , , and , losing each time. The Cubs had been one of baseball's most dominant teams in the early 1900s. This was the year of the infamous \"Merkle's Boner\" play that allowed the Chicago Cubs to reach the World Series after beating the New York Giants (now the San Francisco Giants) in a one-game \"playoff\", actually the makeup game for the tie that the Merkle play had caused. The Series was anticlimactic after tight pennant races in both leagues. Ty Cobb had a much better World Series than in the previous year, as did the rest of his team. The final two games, held in Detroit, were shutouts. This was also the most poorly attended World Series in history, with the final game drawing a record-low 6,210 fans. Attendance in Chicago was harmed by a ticket-scalping scheme that fans accused the club's owner of participating in, and the World Series was boycotted to some degree. For the first time, four umpires were used in the series, in alternating two-man teams. Games 1, 4, and 5 were played in Detroit, while Games 2 and 3 were played in Chicago. Had the series continued, Game 6 would have been played in Chicago, and the home team for Game 7 would have been decided randomly, \"by lot\". Summary Matchups Game 1 The Tigers struck first in Game 1 when Matty McIntyre singled to lead off the bottom of the first off of Ed Reulbach, stole second and scored on Ty Cobb's two-out single, but the Cubs responded in the third off of Ed Killian when after a leadoff double and single, Frank Schulte's RBI single tied the game. After a bunt groundout, Harry Steinfeldt's RBI single put Chicago up 2–1. After a walk, Ed Summers relieved Killian and allowed an RBI groundout to Joe Tinker and Johnny Kling reached on an error that allowed another run to score. The Cubs added another run in the seventh on Steinfedlt's sacrifice fly. In the bottom of the inning, with runners on second and third, Boss Schmidt's groundout, Red Downs's ground-rule double, and Summers's single scored a run each. Next inning, Claude Rossman's two-run single off of Mordecai Brown put the Tigers up 6–5. In the top of the ninth, three straight one-out singles loaded the", "title": "1908 World Series" } ]	[ "Cleveland Indians" ]
train_31304	who is the guy who does vogue 73 questions	[ { "docid": "28228895", "text": "Joe Sabia is an American digital remix artist and video content producer. He is best known as the creator and voice of \"73 Questions\", a rapid-fire one-take digital series featuring celebrities that he developed for Vogue in 2014. Sabia was named the Senior Vice President of Creative Development at Condé Nast Entertainment after the release of the first video with Sarah Jessica Parker. Biography During his childhood, Sabia competed in spelling bees and memorized the capitals of every country in the world. He also taught himself to read and write Russian and later learned Italian. In 2005, as a member of the comedy group, Asinine, Sabia began teaching himself to film and edit from his father's camera, while attending Boston College. He switched between the Morrissey College of Arts & Sciences and the Carroll School of Management at the university, debating whether to attend law school to become a politician before graduating with a Bachelor of Arts in 2006. In 2007, Sabia won the International Pun Championship in Austin, Texas off a rhyming monologue about the 43 presidents that he wrote in under an hour. Sabia moved to New York City in 2011 and gave a TED Talk on “The Technology of Storytelling\" that same year. Sabia played piano three hours a day through his high school years, and is an amateur classical pianist attempting such compositions as Sergei Rachmaninoff's Piano Concerto No. 3. Selected projects In 2005, Sabia screened a spoof of The OC known as The BC, which he had created with members of his comedy group on an independent website using QuickTime. The show was about college kids at Boston College and a Jesuit priest, who takes in a troubled student from Boston University. It later featured cameos from Tim Russert, Doug Flutie and Jared Dudley, among others. Sabia spent more than six hours each day working on the show. HBOlab, an experimental incubator of HBO, offered him a job out of college, where he was known as \"whippersnapper who speaks to the Web the way Dolittle does to animals.\" During that time, Sabia edited footage from the first six seasons of The Sopranos into a seven-minute series recap before the seventh season premiere called \"Seven Minute Sopranos\", which was uploaded without permission from HBO's lawyers. Series creator, David Chase was shown the video on the set of the series finale. Sabia's role in the video's creation was not public until The New York Times revealed it in a follow-up story. Jon Batiste introduced Sabia to Michael Thurber and Matt McCorkle in 2011. The three artists founded the YouTube music collective CDZA for conservatory-trained musicians to create experimental music videos. Sabia directed the videos on the YouTube channel. The non-profit organization, Mama Hope partnered with Sabia to create the \"Stop the Pity, Unlock the Potential\" video campaign, which worked to change the perception of Africans and Africa. Sabia's videos included \"Alex Teaches Commando\", which featured an African boy recapping the 1985 Arnold Schwarzenegger film, Commando, and \"African", "title": "Joe Sabia" } ]	[ { "docid": "55890385", "text": "John \"Paul\" Fauves is a Costa Rican visual artist who lives and works in San José. Fauves has exhibited his work in galleries in the United States and across Europe including Krause Gallery in New York City, Guy Hepner gallery in New York City, Imitate Modern in London, and the Meir gallery in Belgium. His paintings have also been featured in Vogue Italia and Dansk. Education and early life Fauves began painting at an early age as a student under the instruction of the influential modern artist Joaquin Rodriguez del Paso. In 2017, after a hiatus from the arts to train in business, he began exhibiting internationally. Artistic style In his paintings, Fauves engages questions of identity as they relate to art history, as well as our everyday interactions with mainstream culture and social media. Greatly inspired by modernist masters as well as pop-artists, Fauves mixes fragments of different iconic images in vivid and colorful compositions. Fauves’ paintings take on a disorienting effect due to his technique of layering, cutting out, and collaging elements of pop-cultural images to a point where they become, not unrecognizable, but perversions of the familiar that ask the viewer to question what they think they know. Notable exhibitions Selected solo exhibitions 2019: Alts Iz Farloyrn pop up exhibition in Los Angeles, CA, curated by JM Art Management 2018: MI ME at DOPENESS ART LAB in Taipei, Taiwan; 2018: w22 Galeria in San José; 2017: A Loss of Innocence and The Mickey Me Collection (2017) curated by The Tax Collection at Guy Hepner gallery, New York City; 2017: A Loss of Innocence at Meir Gallery, Belgium Selected group exhibitions 2019: Portraits of Someone duet show with Vera Kochubey at Rhodes Contemporary, London, curated by The Tax Collection; 2019: Artists are the New Athletes at The Edit Gallery, Limassol 2018: Arte de La Peer at Kimpton La Peer Hotel, curated by JM Art Management; 2018: Down the Rabbit Hole at Imitate London 2018: Papi Chulo show curated By Myartisreal group exhibition at the Krause Gallery in New York City; 2017: participated in FACES, a group show at HOMME gallery Los Angeles curated by JM Art Management. In 2018, he participated in Scope Basel, ARCO Madrid, Art Basel and Art Palm Beach in Miami. New body of work ‘WE ARE ALL ENCAGED’ was released at SCOPE Art Show New York 2019 together with Imitate Modern gallery. Other projects In 2017, Fauves, together with Popovy Sisters, did art installation at Style Fashion week in Pacific Design Center, curated by JM Art Management. References External links Artsy Year of birth missing (living people) Living people Costa Rican artists", "title": "John Paul Fauves" }, { "docid": "23815332", "text": "The American Idols Live! Tour 2002 was a fall concert tour featuring the top ten contestants of the inaugural season of American Idol, which aired earlier that year. The tour visited 30 cities across the United States starting October 8, 2002 in San Diego, and became the template for concerts tours following each of the succeeding American Idol seasons. Select performances of Clarkson are also released in the Miss Independent DVD album in 2003. Performers Show overview The show, as well as those from all subsequent tours, was organized into two halves. The first half had the Top 10 contestants performing a song each in elimination order, with Kelly Clarkson the winner ending this section. Each performer was introduced by the preceding performer accompanied by a video montage of their time on American Idol, the exception being the first performer EJay Day who was introduced by Randy Jackson on video. Most of the solo performances were of songs the performer had previously done on the television show. After the intermission, the second half started with the guys and the girls each performing a group song, with the rest of the show consisted of a series of group numbers with medley of songs interspersed with some solo performances, similar in style to the television special \"American Idol in Las Vegas\" aired after Season 1 finale. The runner-up Justin Guarini and the winner Kelly Clarkson each had their final solo performance before the last group songs by the Top 10 finalists which ended the show. Set list EJay Day – \"Black Cat\" (Janet Jackson) Jim Verraros – \"Easy\" (Commodores) AJ Gil – \"My Cherie Amour\" (Stevie Wonder) Ryan Starr – \"If You Really Love Me\" (Stevie Wonder) Christina Christian – \"Ain't No Sunshine\" (Bill Withers) R. J. Helton – \"Lately\" (Stevie Wonder) Tamyra Gray – \"I'm Every Woman\" (Chaka Khan) Nikki McKibbin – \"Piece of My Heart\" (Janis Joplin) Justin Guarini – \"Get Here\" (Oleta Adams) Kelly Clarkson – \"Respect\" (Aretha Franklin) Intermission Guys – \"Pop\" ('N Sync) Ladies – \"Free Your Mind\" (En Vogue) Guarini – \"For Once in My Life\" (Stevie Wonder) Clarkson – \"(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman\" (Aretha Franklin) Group – Soul Medley – \"Dancing in the Street\" (Group), \"Get Ready\" (Guys), \"I Can't Help Myself (Sugar Pie Honey Bunch)\" (Helton), \"Reach Out I'll Be There\" (Group), \"You Are the Sunshine of My Life\" (Verraros), \"You're All I Need\" (Clarkson), \"My Guy\" (Ladies), \"My Girl\" (Guys), \"Ain't No Mountain High Enough\" (Group) McKibbin – \"Rhiannon\" (Fleetwood Mac) Gray – \"A House Is Not a Home\" (Dionne Warwick) Group Medley – \"Celebration\" (Group), \"Ain't No Stoppin' Us Now\" (Group), \"We Are Family\" (Girls), \"Love Machine\" (Guys), \"Fantasy\" (Group), \"Boogie Wonderland\" (Group) Guarini – \"Let's Stay Together\" (Al Green) Clarkson – \"A Moment Like This\" (Kelly Clarkson) Group – \"That's What Friends Are For\" (Dionne Warwick and Friends), \"I'll Be There\" (The Jackson 5) Additional notes Kelly Clarkson performed her single \"Before Your Love\" instead of \"A", "title": "American Idols Live! Tour 2002" }, { "docid": "75051883", "text": "Orange Guy () is a mascot of the New Zealand Electoral Commission which is used to encourage people to vote in elections. The character was introduced in 2009 and was described by Newshub as 'iconic'. He features in advertising on TV, radio, newspapers, social media, outdoors, and previously on 'I voted' stickers. Orange Guy has fingerless hands, chunky feet, square eyes, and a dog named Pup. History Orange Guy was introduced by New Zealand's Electoral Commission in 2009. He changed into a dress shape in 2011 to celebrate Suffrage Day. The shape was made out of his flesh rather than clothes, which was described by Gabi Lardies for The Spinoff as \"absolutely cursed\". In 2020, Orange Guy was given a new companion, a dog named Pup. The Electoral Commission said that the dog cost about $13,000, and was modelled after a Jack Russell and a Dachshund. David Correos voiced Orange Guy in the 2017 and 2020 general elections, as well as the 2019 local elections. It had previously been voiced by John Leigh. In 2017, American comedian Paul F. Tompkins described Orange Guy on Twitter as \"a weird citrus golem of a voting mascot\", which prompted Jemaine Clement to reply with \"You have a weird citrus golem as a president\". In 2016, an Invercargill City Council candidate was asked by the Electoral Commission to remove Orange Guy from her Facebook page after she had added it. Orange Guy is trademarked by the Electoral Commission. During the 2020 New Zealand general election, stickers saying \"I voted\" with Orange Guy were not given out after voting due to fears of spreading COVID-19. However, In the 2023 New Zealand general election they were discontinued. This discontinuation announcement was made by the Electoral Commission as a reply to a question on Twitter. Newshub described the merchandise as 'iconic' and that \"the public has been left disappointed by the stickers' shock absence\". The Electoral Commission said that they were discontinued because not enough people wanted the stickers after voting. Voters were instead given the option to use GIFs in place of the physical stickers. Some overseas voters got spare stickers with old branding from previous elections. These included former Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern who voted in New York and posted her stickers on social media. Criticism of the character In 2017, communication design senior lecturer Karol Wilczynska of Auckland University of Technology said that \"It needs to not be fake, which is what Orange Guy is. It is a non-person and that does not work. The Orange Guy, as you call it, is a generic animated image that has no real connection to the population.\" References External links Orange Guy 2020 general election advertisement Orange Guy horror film produced for RNZ Elections in New Zealand Fictional New Zealand people Mascots", "title": "Orange Guy" }, { "docid": "69127269", "text": "Bad and Crazy () is a South Korean television series. Directed by Yoo Seon-dong and co-produced by Studio Dragon and Mink Entertainment, it features Lee Dong-wook, Wi Ha-joon, Han Ji-eun, and Cha Hak-yeon in main roles. This iQIYI original series depicts the story of a competent but corrupt detective whose life is thrown into chaos by a mysterious, justice-seeking entity. It premiered on tvN & iQIYI on December 17, 2021, and aired every Friday and Saturday at 22:40 (KST) till January 28, 2022. Synopsis The story is about a corrupt yet practical detective who manifests a split personality who harbours a sense of justice. Su-yeol (Lee Dong-wook) works as a police officer. He is competent at his job, but he also has questionable ethics. He will do anything to achieve success. Due to his ambitious personality, he has received promotions in a short period of time. His smooth life suddenly changes with the appearance of K (Wi Ha-joon), who is a righteous person. Meanwhile, Lee Hui-gyeom (Han Ji-eun) works as a police lieutenant on the drug squad at the Mooui Police Department. Cast Main Lee Dong-wook as Ryu Soo-yeol / In Jae-hui Nam Do-yoon as young In Jae-hui A corrupt police detective who changes into a champion for justice. He is competent at his job, but he also has questionable ethics. He will do anything to achieve success. Due to his ambitious personality, he has received promotions in a short period of time. His smooth life suddenly changes with the appearance of K. Wi Ha-joon as K A man with a crazy sense of justice. He is a righteous person, but also crazy. Whenever he faces injustice, he meets it with a fist. Han Ji-eun as Lee Hui-gyeom A detective of the drug crime investigation team. Hee Kyum works as a police lieutenant on the drug squad at the Mooui Police Department. She is also a righteous person and enthusiastic at her job. She is the ex-girlfriend of Soo-Yeol. She is a detective with a passion index, who applied to the drug investigation world to enjoy the joy of hitting the bad guys. She comes from a wealthy background and had a good education, but is considered the “black sheep” of the family. She also constantly butts heads with Soo Yeol. Cha Hak-yeon as Oh Kyeong-tae The youngest member of the anti-corruption investigation department of the National Police Agency. He is an infinitely friendly and warm-hearted person who can not pass by people in trouble and approach them first and offer a helping hand. He has a clean and pure side without any wrinkle, but he will appear as an ardent police officer, who does not let go of the string of doubt with his tenacity and tenacity who does not miss a single clue in his work, increasing the tension of the play and revealing a strong presence. Supporting Munyang Police Agency Anti-Corruption Investigation Division Sung Ji-ru as Bong-pil, chief of the anti-corruption investigation department of the Munyang Police", "title": "Bad and Crazy" }, { "docid": "40259545", "text": "\"New City, New Drama\" is the pilot episode of The Hills, the first spin-off of Laguna Beach: The Real Orange County. It originally aired on MTV on May 31, 2006. In the episode, Lauren Conrad and Heidi Montag move into an apartment in Los Angeles. Conrad befriends fellow Teen Vogue intern Whitney Port, while Montag bonds with their neighbor Audrina Patridge. Conrad is later scolded after Montag and her companions arrive uninvited to a corporate event. \"New City, New Drama\" was produced by Tony DiSanto, Adam DiVello, Liz Gateley, Colin Nash, and Andrew Perry. The episode received generally favorable reviews from critics, who appreciated its plotline and production. According to Nielsen ratings, it was watched by 2.9 million viewers. The episode was released on DVD on February 13, 2007, packaged with the remainder of the first season. Plot Lauren and her housemate Heidi move into their shared apartment in Los Angeles. Shortly after arriving, Lauren's interview for an internship with Teen Vogue is unexpectedly changed to an earlier time. While Lauren meets with the magazine's West Coast editor Lisa Love, Heidi befriends their neighbor Audrina. That evening, the women, Heidi's boyfriend Jordan Eubanks, and his roommate Brian Drolet eat dinner at the sushi restaurant Geisha House. The following morning, Lauren and Heidi meet with the administrators at the Fashion Institute of Design & Merchandising. While Lauren impresses her superiors, they question if Heidi is prepared for college. Upon returning home, Blaine Zuckerman calls Lauren on behalf of Teen Vogue and offers her an internship with the magazine. On her first day, she befriends another intern Whitney, and the two begin preparing for the launch party of Teen Vogues \"Hollywood\" edition. As Lauren and Whitney learn that they will be working during the party, Heidi wants to attend the event, which Lauren is unwilling to risk her internship for. Nonetheless, as Heidi, Audrina, Jordan, and Brian arrive unexpectedly that evening, Lauren and Whitney allow the group in. Blaine and Lisa scold Lauren for an argument between Heidi and Jordan, in addition to allowing the group to sit in a reserved seating area. Lisa tells her that they will \"discuss this on Monday\". Production After the first two seasons of Laguna Beach: The Real Orange County enjoyed continued ratings success, MTV approved production of the spin-off series The Hills in 2005. Like its predecessor, the reality television program was filmed in a narrative format more commonly seen in soap operas. Conrad, who served as the parent series' first season narrator, became the focal point of the show as she moved to Los Angeles to pursue a career in the fashion industry. The pilot episode introduced three additional primary cast members. Montag, who was previously featured on Laguna Beach in a limited capacity, became Conrad's housemate by the time production had begun on the first season of The Hills. On the series, it was depicted as if Montag had befriended Patridge by her own doing, though Patridge claimed that a producer offered her", "title": "New City, New Drama" }, { "docid": "69489040", "text": "Adella Colvin is an American yarn dyer. Career Colvin first began knitting at 34, at the suggestion of an older neighbor after her husband was deployed to Afghanistan and Colvin wanted to find a hobby. The two visited a yarn shop together, and Colvin was impressed with the quality of the yarn. When Colvin, who is Black, entered a yarn shop for the first time without her neighbor, who is white, the white owner of the shop met her at the door and told her the restroom was only for customers. Colvin left and decided to shop online and soon became interested in dyeing her own yarn. When other knitters became interested in her hand-dyes, she opened an Etsy shop in 2015, electing not to use her photo in the shop's profile due to concerns about perceptions in the majority white knitting community that products by Black artisans were inferior. Her daughter, nicknamed LolaBean, was born in 2016, and Colvin, \"thinking about the legacy she was building,\" decided to rebrand, naming her business after her daughter and having a logo professionally designed featuring an image of the baby, who is portrayed as clearly Black. In 2017 Colvin was featured by knitting influencer Gaye Glasspie, which brought Colvin to the attention of yarn shop owners and knitters nationwide. In 2019 Glasspie, who is known as GG, introduced Colvin to Felicia Eve, one of the few Black yarn shop owners in the US, and Eve gave Colvin a trunk show, which sold out. Colvin has collaborated with Stephen West, a pattern designer who created a pattern for a custom colorway of LolaBean's. During the George Floyd protests, when there were images of white protesters standing between police and Black protesters, GG started a hashtag, #StandintheGap, that encouraged white people to \"offer that kind of protection in everyday life,\" and Colvin's wholesale accounts went from 1 to 30 with a waiting list as of October 2020 of more than 70. As of October 2020 Colvin's yarns were carried by yarn shops throughout the US. Social media presence In November 2021, knitting influencer Kristy Glass posted questions on her Instagram about why Michelle Obama, who'd been featured on that month's cover of Vogue Knitting, wasn't photographed in knitwear and appeared to have her wedding ring on her right hand. Vogue had featured \"only a handful\" of Black knitters on its cover in almost 90 years, and many Black knitters found the questions hypercritical. Colvin posted a response on her own Instagram that such comments emphasized the fact the knitting community was predominantly white and made Black people feel hyperscrutinized. Glass responded by posting a series of direct messages she'd had with Colvin with the caption, \"For the record.\" Colvin responded with \"You post those DMs thinking they’re supposed to hurt me but have your comments restricted where nobody can comment?\", and called Glass a racist. Glass soon closed her social media accounts. A knitting influencer whose handle is Deplorable Knitter, who posts to a", "title": "Adella Colvin" }, { "docid": "28207892", "text": "The God Machine is a 2010 graphic novel published by Archaia Studios Press. It is written and illustrated by Chandra Free. Plot summary After the death of his girlfriend, Sith, Guy Salvatore can no longer make sense of his own world. He has hallucinations of monsters that besiege him with requests and threaten his life wherever he goes. He is completely unsure if these manifestations are real or are born in his mind. As the line between reality and insanity is blurred Guy comes across a man who calls himself Satan and claims holds the answers to all of Guy’s worries. Satan restores Guy's hope promising Sith is still alive, but the two Gods that oversee existence let her be ripped from her world by unknown forces. She is now drifting through dimensional planes known as “Dream Worlds.” Satan pleads Guy to use his power to leave his world’s plane, search for Sith, and seek retribution from the Gods that caused the ordeal. The chapter takes place in the present day in the town of Salem. Things start off with our main character, Guy, waking up and going to school after seeing a massive \"hallucination\" come out of his bathroom mirror and ask for floss. At school he is only reminded of the loss of his girlfriend and leaves. After a night of more strange creatures, he struggles to sleep and finally does so only to meet with a woman calling herself \"sickness\" in his dream. She turns into a hideous creature, kissing Guy and holding him in her clutches. Guy wakes up started and upset. We are then taken to the entrance of Heaven, the domain of the character Good God. Her character comes in hoping to get back into her office in, but has lost her key to the door to Heaven. She calls for the aid of her friend and fellow god Evil God, second in command to Good God and ruler of hell. Together they go look for the key in the last place she was, a graveyard in Guys town. At the same time this is happening, Guy has gone to the graveyard and is mourning the loss of his girlfriend. When the gods show up, he is able to see them, which shouldn't be possible for normal human beings. Upon seeing Good God, Guy locks eyes with her, but the gods disappear. Guy grows more frustrated with the series of events taking place around him, and as he expresses his anger, a man claiming to be Satan appears suddenly. He claims Guy's girlfriend is alive and that he can still find her in another dimension. Initially Guy shrugs the man off as one of his hallucinations, but as his hallucinations become more vivid and physically threatening, he begins to question our perception of reality and his own sanity. The second chapter opens in an area called \"The Door Nexus\" which is described as being between you, the devil and the deep blue sea\". Good", "title": "The God Machine (comics)" }, { "docid": "57460244", "text": "Vogue Polska (meaning Vogue Poland) is the Polish edition of the American fashion and lifestyle monthly magazine Vogue. The magazine has been published since February 2018 and is the twenty-third local edition of Vogue. Publication history In June 2017, it was announced that the Polish edition of Vogue was in preparation, with Filip Niedenthal as editor-in-chief. The local publisher, Visteria, signed a 5-year licence deal with the publisher of the original American version, Condé Nast, which was later extended for another five years. The printed magazine and its website were launched simultaneously on 14 February 2018. The circulation of the first issue was 160,000 copies and its cover featured the Polish models Anja Rubik and Małgosia Bela. Special issues and supplements Vogue Polska has published a number of one-time and ongoing special issues and supplements, including Vogue Beauty, Vogue Travel, Vogue Living, Vogue Man, and Vogue Leaders. Controversy The cover photography of the first issue caused controversy in Poland as the photographer, Jürgen Teller, featured Rubik and Bela standing next to a vintage Soviet-produced Volga GAZ-24 car and with Warsaw's Palace of Culture and Science in the background. In Poland, this car and this building are perceived as symbols of Stalinism and the communist oppression, which raised questions about the political and ideological profile of the magazine and the aesthetics it was going to promote. See also List of Vogue Polska cover models References 2018 establishments in Poland Lifestyle magazines Magazines established in 2018 Magazines published in Warsaw Monthly magazines published in Poland Polish-language magazines Poland Women's fashion magazines Women's magazines published in Poland Polish fashion", "title": "Vogue Poland" }, { "docid": "1773590", "text": "Matthew Tobin Anderson (born November 4, 1968), is an American writer of children's books that range from picture books to young adult novels. He won the National Book Award for Young People's Literature in 2006 for The Pox Party, the first of two \"Octavian Nothing\" books, which are historical novels set in Revolution-era Boston. Anderson is known for using wit and sarcasm in his stories, as well as advocating that young adults are capable of mature comprehension. Biography Anderson was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts. His father Will Anderson was an engineer, and his mother Juliana Anderson was an Episcopal priest. He attended St. Mark's School, Harvard College, the University of Cambridge (England), and Syracuse University. Anderson worked at Candlewick Press before his first novel Thirsty (1997) was accepted for publication there. He has also worked as a disc jockey for WCUW radio; as an instructor at Vermont College of Fine Arts, where he now serves on the Board; and as a music critic for The Improper Bostonian. He currently lives in Cambridge (Mass.) and is on the Board of the National Children's Book and Literacy Alliance, a national non-profit organization that advocates for literacy, literature, and libraries. Writing style Anderson is known for challenging his readers, of varying ages, to look at the world in new ways. Anderson has also remarked \"We write because we can't decipher things the first time around.\" His novels directed at young adults, such as Thirsty and Feed, tend to direct their satire at society. He's also written children's picture books such as Handel, Who Knew What He Liked, and novels directed toward pre-teen readers such as The Game of Sunken Places. Anderson tends to write with sophisticated wit and storylines, making the point that young people are more intelligent than some might think. In response to the question of why he gives so much credit to his young audience, Anderson stated in an interview with Julie Prince: \"Our survival as a nation rests upon the willingness of the young to become excited and engaged by new ideas we never considered as adults.\" While he was writing Feed, Anderson took in younger, pop-culture oriented media, such as Seventeen, Maxim, and Teen Vogue. He used these media sources to convey an accurate teenage voice, but even more depleted and abbreviated. He's used this method many times, including reading 18th century novels during his writing of The Astonishing Life of Octavian Nothing. A shy person, Anderson has stated that he greatly prefers writing to public speaking. As a writer he does not shy from taking on difficult questions and deeper, more mature concepts and themes. Unlike many other young-adult writers, Anderson views the characters he creates simply as figures moving and acting on his terms. The only exception to this view of his characters has been his main character in The Astonishing Life, Octavian Nothing. Anderson faces unique challenges in writing for the young adult market, especially concerning the topics he chooses. He has heavily researched the", "title": "M. T. Anderson" }, { "docid": "8326198", "text": "Who the #$&% Is Jackson Pollock? is a 2006 documentary following Teri Horton, a 73-year-old former long-haul truck driver from California, who purchased a painting from a thrift shop for $5, only to find out later that it may be a Jackson Pollock painting. She had no clue at the time who Jackson Pollock was, hence the name of the film. Background Horton said she purchased the painting from a California thrift shop as a gift for a friend who was feeling depressed. Horton thought the bright colors were cheery, but when the dinner-table-sized painting proved too large to fit into her friend's trailer, Horton set it out among other items at a yard sale, where a local art teacher spotted it and suggested that the work could have been painted by Pollock due to the similarity to his action painting technique. At one point Horton and her friend considered using the painting for target practice. The film depicts Horton's attempts to authenticate and sell the painting as an original work by Pollock. Its authenticity was doubtful, because the painting was purchased at a thrift store, is unsigned, and is without provenance. The main problem with the painting is that it \"does not have the soul of a Pollock\", according to some collectors. Additionally, Pollock had many imitators during his lifetime. On another level, the film explores social class in the United States and the challenges faced by an outsider who takes on the high-stakes world of art dealership. Some art connoisseurs, including Thomas Hoving, former director of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, believe the painting to be inauthentic, while Nicolas Carone, an artist and friend of Pollock's, is uncertain. Horton hired Peter Paul Biro, a Montreal-based forensic art expert, who matched a partial fingerprint on the canvas to a fingerprint on a can of paint in Pollock's studio, as well as to fingerprints on two authenticated Pollock canvases. Additionally, through an analysis of paint samples from Pollock's studio, he was able to confirm a match with particles of paint found on the canvas in question, in what he calls a \"3-point-match\". However, in a June 2008 article in ARTnews, Sylvia Hochfield cited two forensic experts who called into question Biro's fingerprint analysis; similar concerns were raised in July 2010 by David Grann in an article for The New Yorker. In a pivotal point in the film, Horton's painting is compared side by side with Pollock's No. 5, 1948, a drip painting once owned by Samuel Irving Newhouse, Jr., CEO of Advance Publications. Horton approached Tod Volpe, a former high-profile dealer, after reading his memoir Framed to solicit his help in selling her painting. With Volpe's vision, a business venture was formed, Legends Art Group, to manage and sell works of art authenticated by science; the formation of this venture is discussed in the documentary. Production Volpe also brought Horton's story to producer Steven Hewitt, who, along with his father, executive producer Don Hewitt (creator of 60", "title": "Who the $&% Is Jackson Pollock?" }, { "docid": "67300396", "text": "Spice Girls Present... The Best Girl Power Album... Ever! is a 1997 compilation album released by Virgin Records. The album is a collection of \"girl power\"-themed songs by various artists that were \"hand-picked\" by English girl group the Spice Girls. Track listing CD 1 Spice Girls – \"Who Do You Think You Are\" Tori Amos – \"Professional Widow\" Eurythmics and Aretha Franklin – \"Sisters Are Doin' It for Themselves\" Republica – \"Ready to Go\" Skunk Anansie – \"Weak\" En Vogue – \"Free Your Mind\" Labelle – \"Lady Marmalade\" Chaka Khan – \"I'm Every Woman\" (Remix Edit) Gabrielle – \"Give Me a Little More Time\" Martha and the Vandellas – \"Dancing in the Street\" Aretha Franklin – \"Respect\" The Pointer Sisters – \"Slow Hand\" Tina Turner – \"What's Love Got to Do with It?\" Neneh Cherry – \"Woman\" Karyn White – \"Superwoman\" (Edit) Chantay Savage – \"I Will Survive\" Brownstone – \"If You Love Me\" Aaliyah – \"Back & Forth\" Mary J. Blige – \"Mary Jane (All Night Long)\" Adina Howard – \"Freak like Me\" (Radio Edit) Salt 'n' Pepa – \"Let's Talk About Sex\" CD 2 Spice Girls – \"Wannabe\" Cyndi Lauper – \"Hey Now (Girls Just Want to Have Fun)\" Diana King – \"Shy Guy\" Neneh Cherry – \"Buffalo Stance\" Gwen Guthrie – \"Ain't Nothin' Goin' On but the Rent\" Salt 'n' Pepa – \"None of Your Business\" TLC – \"Creep\" SWV – \"Right Here\" (Human Nature Radio Mix) Sister Sledge – \"We Are Family\" Blondie – \"Heart of Glass\" Belinda Carlisle – \"Heaven Is a Place on Earth\" The Bangles – \"Manic Monday\" Alisha's Attic – \"Alisha Rules the World\" Shakespears Sister – \"You're History\" Cathy Dennis – \"You Lied to Me\" RuPaul – \"Supermodel\" 20 Fingers feat. Gillette – \"Short Short Man\" (Radio Edit) The Weather Girls – \"It's Raining Men\" Luscious Jackson – \"Naked Eye\" HAL feat. Gillian Anderson – \"Extremis\" (Qattara Remix Edit) Critical reception The Cambridge History of Twentieth-Century Music questioned if the compilation was truly representative of women in the music industry. The authors noted that the album's focus on female vocalists from the UK and US meant a lack of representation for international artists, as well as for women in instrumental support, songwriting and production roles. Ken Banks of Aberdeen Press and Journal gave the compilation two out of five stars, concluding: \"Value, perhaps, but pretty crudely thrown together and nothing special at all.\" Clark Collis of The Daily Telegraph called it a \"cash-in of unprecedented proportions,\" but given the \"demented mixture of artists\" decided that the album was \"simply too weird a project to criticise.\" Commercial performance The album peaked at number two on the UK Compilation Chart, and peaked at number eight on the overall UK albums chart as compiled by Billboard. Certifications and sales See also The Best... Album in the World...Ever! Notes References 1997 compilation albums Virgin Records compilation albums Themed compilation albums Women's music Spice Girls", "title": "Spice Girls Present... The Best Girl Power Album... Ever!" }, { "docid": "8440207", "text": "Crandall v. Nevada, 73 U.S. (6 Wall.) 35 (1868), was a landmark decision of the US Supreme Court that affirmed that a state cannot inhibit people from leaving the state by taxing them. The decision was written by Justice Miller. Chief Justice Chase and Justice Clifford concurred. Background In 1867, a Nevada statute imposed a $1 tax on every person leaving the state by railroad, stage coach, or other vehicles engaged or employed in the business of transporting passengers for hire. Questions Raised Does the tax violate Article I, Section 10, in the Declaration of Independence which prohibits state \"Imposts or Duties on Imports or Exports?\" Is the tax allowed? Majority Opinion The Court reasoned that the right to travel is a fundamental right. The people of the United States constituting one nation, a State may not impose a tax on a person for the \"privilege\" of traveling from or for passing through it. The Court stated that a person traveling is different from the transportation of a good, which prevents imposts or duties on a person. The tax was not a prohibited impost, and precedent from Cooley v. Board of Wardens was cited to show that a tax \"does not itself institute any regulation of commerce of a national character....\" The Court also used precedent from McCulloch v. Maryland to show it is the very presence of the tax that is unconstitutional, not how much of a burden it is: \"But if the government has these rights on her own account, the citizen also has correlative rights. He has the right to come to the seat of the government... this right is in its nature independent of the will of any State over whose soil he must pass in the exercise of it.\" Concurring Opinions Chief Justice Chase and Justice Clifford concurred by basing their reasoning on the Commerce Clause of the Constitution. They claimed that the tax impeded interstate commerce. See also List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 73 References External links 1868 in United States case law United States Supreme Court cases United States Supreme Court cases of the Chase Court United States taxation and revenue case law Legal history of Nevada 1868 in Nevada", "title": "Crandall v. Nevada" }, { "docid": "71622001", "text": "Sunday with Laura Kuenssberg is a BBC political programme presented by Laura Kuenssberg, broadcast on BBC One every Sunday morning. It is also simulcast by the UK feed and occasionally by the International feed of BBC News channel, depending on content and interviews. The programme replaced The Andrew Marr Show as the network's flagship Sunday talk show, after Andrew Marr resigned from the BBC to front a talk show on LBC in 2021. Similar to the previous Sunday morning programmes that came before, Sunday with Laura Kuenssberg contains interviews with political figures and others involved in the current events of the week in every episode. Since September 2023, Victoria Derbyshire has also been the relief presenter of the programme. She notably presented for three weeks in a row in October 2023 when Kuenssberg's father died. The programme is broadcast from Studio B of Broadcasting House in London: the same studio from which BBC News at One, Six and Ten are broadcast. Background In March 2022, it was announced that Kuenssberg, who had left her role as BBC News' political editor, would be replacing Andrew Marr in a full-time role as the host of BBC One's flagship Sunday morning politics show, which was announced to be starting in September 2022. In an interview Kuenssberg gave to British Vogue on 23 August 2022, it was announced that the show would be released on 4 September 2022. More details about the programme were released on 28 August 2022, which included a short trailer of Kuenssberg talking to a politician from his or her point of view. The show does not have the traditional Sunday paper review section; instead it highlights the front pages of the day's newspapers, or a BBC News Summary. Reception Since Laura Kuenssberg took over the show from Andrew Marr, the show has seen a rapid decline in viewers, thought to be more a reflection on Laura Kuenssberg's general unpopularity rather than the format of the show itself . Jim Waterson of The Guardian said \"...in a sign of the declining importance of the print press, Kuenssberg's new show has broken with the Sunday political show tradition of having a formal in-depth newspaper review. Instead, the front pages were flashed on screen for a few seconds – meaning the Mail on Sunday headline “BBC Comic's C-word jibe against PM” was barely visible.\" The first episode had 1.5 million viewers. The debut episode also gathered attention due to the comments from comedian Joe Lycett who was a panellist, including questions from a Conservative MP in a select committee of the House of Commons. Presenters The title card and branding of the programme always state Sunday with Laura Kuenssberg with Kuenssberg's face part of onscreen title, regardless of whether it's herself or the relief presenter who presents the episode. Episodes References External links 2022 British television series debuts 2020s British political television series 2020s British television talk shows BBC television news shows BBC television talk shows British English-language television shows Sunday morning", "title": "Sunday with Laura Kuenssberg" }, { "docid": "27367246", "text": "Guy de Cointet (1934–1983) was a French-born artist based in California who created text and sculptural works, often combining them as props and stage sets in theatrical performance pieces. Biography Guy de Cointet was born in Paris in 1934, the son of a military officer. He attended high school with Yves Saint Laurent and the fashion photographer Jérôme Ducrot, both of whom shared and influenced de Cointet's interest in fashion. After unsuccessfully competing in a 1952 clothing design competition sponsored by the Chambre Syndicale de la Haute Couture, de Cointet attended the École des Beaux-Arts de Nancy. In 1956 he moved to Paris, where he worked as an illustrator for the magazines Vogue and Jardin des Mondes. de Cointet moved to New York in 1965, following brief stays in the Canary Islands and in central France near Limoges. Shortly after arriving in New York, de Cointet was introduced to the sculptor Larry Bell by their mutual friend Susan Hoffman. Bell hired de Cointet as an assistant, working first at Bell's studio in New York. He later followed Bell to Venice Beach, California, where de Cointet would reside until his death in 1983. Between 1975 and 1977 he taught at the Otis Art Institute in Los Angeles, giving courses focusing on performance art. Artwork Guy de Cointet's text works on canvas and on paper were based on systems of encoding or abstracting text, such as by mirror writing. These pieces used found text from popular culture, everyday conversation or literary sources, often creating a humorous, droll, ironic, or melancholic effect. He produced several encrypted publications, including a completely encrypted newspaper titled ACRCIT. Silkscreen printed by Pierre Picot, a French artist teaching at CalArts, ACRCIT was distributed for free through newspaper boxes across Los Angeles. His performance pieces combined literary puzzle or codes and the tropes of TV soap opera, drawing inspiration from the works of Raymond Roussel. The pieces were performed by actors such as Factory 'superstar' Viva and diminutive comedian Billy Barty. Theater critic Frantisek Deak once wrote of Cointet's structuralist approach that the artist juxtaposed \"lifelike casual conversation with contrived literary language ... [pointing] out that both are particular styles and that, with a certain distance, the casual conversation will appear contrived as well.\" Deak was specifically referring to plays such as Tell Me (1979), in which fashionably attired actresses variously describe a white cardboard square featuring the black capital letters A, D, M, and T. His work has influenced that of Paul McCarthy, Mike Kelley, and Catherine Sullivan, among others. Selected works Performances Lost at Sea (1975) Five Sisters (1982) Ethiopia (1976) Iglu, Ramona, Cigar, (1977) Tell Me (1979) The Bridegroom (his last work, never performed in his lifetime) Ethiopia, Iglu, Cigar, and Ramona were collaborations with the artist Robert Wilhite. Five Sisters was a collaboration with artist Eric Orr. Books and publications A Captain from Portugal (1972) A Few Drawings by Guy de Cointet (1975) ACRCIT (newspaper, 1975) Selected exhibitions Who's That Guy?, MAMCO, Geneva, 2004 Making", "title": "Guy de Cointet" }, { "docid": "55196745", "text": "Conscious is the eighth studio album from Australian singer-songwriter Guy Sebastian. It was released on 3 November 2017. Reception Hayden Benfield from Renowned for Sound praised \"the funky guitars and R&B beats\" of \"High on Me\" before saying \"With Conscious, Sebastian has sought to move away from his tendency to do take after take in search of the perfect vocal delivery, instead seeking to make it feel “a bit more real”\" adding \"For an artist who has grown so steadily through his career, Conscious neither represents stagnation or a backward step for Sebastian, but nor does it represent progress. David from auspOp was complimentary saying it's \"one of his best efforts in a long time, the album is a showcase of quality Australian music\" praising \"Set in Stone\", \"Vesuvius\", \"Chasing Lights\" and \"Sober\" adding \"Where Guy continues to shine though is on the big mid-tempo numbers.\" Leigh Sanders from Star and Express said \"[Sebastian's] vocals ... are switching constantly. From deep and booming verses to some pretty high-octave choruses Guy shows that he's not afraid to attack a song from different angles.\" adding \"It's solid if not spectacular.\" Singles \"High On Me\" was released as the album's lead single on 1 September 2017 and peaked at number 73 on the ARIA Singles Chart. \"Bloodstone\" was released as the album's second single on 20 October 2017. It peaked at number 59 on the ARIA Singles Chart, gaining platinum certification in 2019. Promotional singles \"Keep Me Coming Back\" was released as the first promotional single on 29 September 2017, followed by \"Vesuvius\" on 6 October 2017, and \"Exclusive\" on 13 October 2017. \"Stay in Bed\" was released on 27 October 2017 as the fourth and final promotional single. Track listing Notes \"Reprise\" is a piano/acoustic version of Sober. Conscious Tour On 6 September, Sebastian announced the Conscious Tour, saying: \"The Conscious album has been a labour of love and to be able to translate it on a live stage is really exciting! The sound of this album has also inspired me to explore different interpretations of previous songs, giving them a new life for 2017.\" Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts Release history References 2017 albums Guy Sebastian albums Sony Music Australia albums", "title": "Conscious (Guy Sebastian album)" }, { "docid": "17357170", "text": "Thérèse Chardin is a French hairstylist who was a celebrity in the 1960s and 1970s. After working as a model, her talent as a hairstylist was noticed by Elle fashion editor Claude Brouet and Nina Ricci's designer Gérard Pipart. She then opened her hair salon on the Champs-Élysées in Paris where she welcomed stars and royalty. As a fashion celebrity, magazines in France and Italy would photograph her for their editorials and brands, such as L'Oréal, would run advertising campaigns using her name the L'Oréal commercial. Chardin then launched a line of wigs and extended her brand to fashion jewelry, sold in a corner of department store LE PRINTEMPS, and fashion accessories. Chardin has worked for the international editions of Vogue, Elle, and Marie Claire, working with photographers such as Guy Bourdin, Frank Horvat, Jean-Lou Sieff, David Bailey, Bob Richardson, Helmut Newton, Patrick Demarchelier and Sacha. She started working again in the late 80s mostly in New York City with Melka Treanton. In 2020 her name appears alongside the reproduction of editorials at the Vogue Paris Retrospective 1020-2020 at the Palais Galliera in Paris. Works Her work is celebrated in many books which include: Vogue en Beauté \"Costume Jewelry for Haute Couture\" \"Marie Claire Hair\" and Bob Richardson. References Vogue en Beauté 1920-2007, by Caroline Levesque VOGUE PARIS 1920-2020, Palais Galliera Bob Richardson, edited by Terry Richardson Maniatis, coiffeur et bete de mode, Le Figaro - 12-05-2007 Melka Treanton, Le Figaro - 31-05-2002 by Janie Samet Costume Jewelry for Haute Couture, by Florence Muller Marie-Claire Hair, by the Editors of Marie Claire,Josette Milgram Marie Claire Hair Picture Article in the figaro Elle Magazine encourages new look! Curls are back- Thérèse Chardin causing a new Vogue Year of birth missing (living people) Living people French hairdressers", "title": "Thérèse Chardin" }, { "docid": "69724025", "text": "Light on Me () is a 2021 South Korean streaming television series starring Lee Sae-on, Kang Yoo-seok, Choe Chan-yi and Go Woo-jin. Based on the boys' love dating sim mobile game of the same name by DAY7, the series was released on Tuesdays and Thursdays from June 29 to August 19, 2021 on the WATCHA app in South Korea and on the video streaming website Viki in western countries. It was featured on Teen Vogue's best BL dramas of 2021 list. Synopsis Woo Tae-kyung is a 18-year-old Korean average boy who has no friends. One day, his teacher approached him in order to help him. He then suggests Tae-kyung to join the school's student council. The task is not easy, since one of the members is Noh Shin-woo, who resents a previous encounter with him. The president of the council, though, is very receptive and tries making Tae-kyung and Shin-woo get along. The council is also formed by Namgoong Shi-won, an extroverted humorous guy who also makes an effort so Tae-kyung properly joins them. Tae-kyung, with his new set of friends, proceeds to enjoy his new social life and starts questioning if he may or may not like one of his fellow council members. Cast Main Lee Sae-on as Woo Tae-kyung Kang Yoo-seok as Noh Shin-woo Choe Chan-yi as Shin Da-on Go Woo-jin as Namgoong Shi-won Supporting Lee Ki-hyun as Seo Haet-bit Yang Seo-hyun as Lee Soo-hee Original soundtrack The soundtrack for the series was released by Music&New on August 20, 2021. Episodes International release In Japan, the series was released weekly on AbemaTV. In Thailand and the Philippines, the series was released weekly on WeTV. In India, the series was released for streaming on MX Player in Tamil, Telugu and Hindi dubbed versions. In western countries, the series was released weekly on Viki. References External links Official website Official website (Japan) South Korean drama web series 2021 web series debuts 2021 web series endings South Korean LGBT-related television shows Viki (streaming service) original programming 2020s LGBT-related drama television series South Korean boys' love television series South Korean teen dramas South Korean high school television series", "title": "Light on Me" }, { "docid": "31080323", "text": "Ask Me No Questions is a novel by Marina Budhos, published by Scholastic in 2007. It covers the trials and turmoil a family of Bangladeshi immigrants face after the September 11th attacks. Marina Budhos is an author for early learning and women's struggles. Characters Aisha: She wants to be a doctor. She also believes that everybody should be treated equally. When problems arise in her life usually Aisha has the answers, until the problem comes down to her family. A total control freak. She copies the other Americans to be able to fit in. Nadira: She is a child who wants to stay a child. In the beginning of the story, she believes that she is not smart enough to go to college, but once she solves the family problem, she believes she can accomplish any and everything. Abba: He is Nadira and Aisha's father. He gets sent to a detention center because his family is illegal. He is a kind and smart man. Ma: She is the root of the family. She is quiet. She does not say much because she does not like trouble. She also wants her kids to keep their old life because she does not like new things. When she finally understands that her kids need to be active and not closed in, she lets go of being afraid of the world outside. Lily: Nadira's best friend. She is an immigrant. She does not understand Nadira when she talks about her problems at home. Her mother and father are divorced. Naseem: He is Abba’s deceased brother. Taslima: She is Nadira and Aisha’s cousin, and she is a bad influence on them. But at the same time she has her own imagination and her own goals and plans for her future. Uncle: He is Taslima’s father, and he loves his nieces, and he wants to help their family out. But he also is worried about his own family and is determining whether he should move the family back to Bangladesh. Auntie: She is Taslima’s mother and she wants to be the girls' mother until their mother comes home from the shelter. Risa, Rose, and Kavita: Aisha’s best friends. Tareq: He is one of the guys that all the girls admire except Nadira and Aisha. Also Is acquainted with Nadira. Awards Junior Library Guild Award YALSA Best Book for Young Adults ALA Best Books For Young Adults ALA Notable Children's Books Bank Street Best Books of the Year References External links American young adult novels 2006 American novels Novels set in New York City Atheneum Books books", "title": "Ask Me No Questions (novel)" }, { "docid": "13905152", "text": "Guy Aroch () is an Israeli American New York–based fashion and celebrity photographer who emigrated from Israel in 1988. He lives and works in New York City and Los Angeles. Aroch moved to New York to become a professional photographer. He graduated from the New York School of Visual Arts in 1993. As a professional photographer, he specialized in beauty, fashion, and celebrity portraits. His photography has been seen on covers and features of newspapers and international magazines, such as Vogue UK, Men's Vogue, Italian Glamour, Italian GQ, French, Block, Violet Grey, WWD Beauty, Interview, Nylon, and Wonderland. His advertising clients include Diesel, Victoria's Secret, Gant Rugger, Dorchester Hotels, 7 For All Mankind, Aldo, Jean Louis David, Wella, Bloomingdale's, Regis, Kenneth Cole, L'Oréal, Garnier, Sonia Rykiel, and H&M. His photography also features the cover of British indie rock band the Arctic Monkeys's third album, Humbug. References Coca-Cola: Taste The Feeling by Guy Aroch & Anna Palma Coca Cola photographers share their favourite teaste coca-colajourney.co.nz Guy Aroch Helm X Hugo Boss External links Guy Aroch's Website Guy Aroch's Portfolio at Jed Root Art Net Photographers Limited Editions – Online Gallery Living people Israeli emigrants to the United States Fashion photographers Photographers from New York City School of Visual Arts alumni Year of birth missing (living people)", "title": "Guy Aroch" }, { "docid": "23524797", "text": "Dale Martindale (born January 21, 1961), is a Canadian born vocalist best known as the lead singer for the new wave band Images in Vogue. In addition to his work with Images in vogue, Martindale has had several side projects, including 69 Duster and Primary, as well as Pretty Volume and numerous solo performances under his own name. Career Martindale has been involved with many acts such as 69 Duster, Images in Vogue, Naked In The Garden and Pretty Volume among others. In 1986 Martindale and 16 other local artist were immortalized in a mural by artist Bill Wrigley titled \"passing glances\" on Toronto's Adelaide Street. In 1986-87 Martindale became the host of the Switchback (CBC) television show. In 1991 he and Joe Vizvary performed with Daryll Flint in a band called Primary. In 2001 Martindale teamed up with Sean Kelly, Steve Nunnaro and Jay McBride to form 69 Duster. Together they released 2 albums; \"Mania\" and \"Ride\" and continued to perform together for over 8 years. In 2007 Martindale composed music tracks for a Sprint advertisement campaign in which his vocals are lip synched by actor Dominic Keating who portrays Ian Westbury in the fictional band Fierce Blue Ascot although Dale does not appear in the music video. The same year Martindale also collaborated with Montreal's Ky Anto (formerly of Robin Black and the Intergalactic Rock Stars ) and Toronto's Neil Leyton on their self-titled album \"Pretty Volume\". Dale currently resides and works in Toronto, Ontario with his wife Susan. External links Images in Vogue's official website Dale Martindale's Facebook Images in Vogue Facebook fan group References 1961 births Living people Canadian industrial musicians Canadian rock singers Canadian new wave musicians Singers from Toronto Place of birth missing (living people) Canadian television hosts Images in Vogue members", "title": "Dale Martindale" }, { "docid": "42972113", "text": "Jane Somerville (née Platnauer; 24 January 1933) is a British emeritus professor of cardiology, Imperial College, who is best known for defining the concept and subspecialty of grown ups with congenital heart disease (GUCH) and being chosen as the physician involved with Britain's first heart transplantation in 1968. Somerville was educated first at a boys preparatory school in North Wales, then Queen's College, London, and later at Guy's Hospital Medical School. Initially drawn to surgery, she chose to pursue a career in cardiology at the National Heart Hospital, Hospital for Sick Children in Great Ormond Street and later at the Brompton Hospital. Her work led to the opening of the world's first dedicated ward for children and adolescents with congenital heart disease, the first World Congress of Paediatric Cardiology in London, and a GUCH charity which was later renamed \"The Somerville Foundation\" in her honour. The medical professionals who she trained and who have come to celebrate and follow her are known as \"Unicorns\". Early life and education Jane Somerville was born in Edwardes Square, Kensington, London, on 24 January 1933 to Joseph Bertram Platnauer, who was a theatre critic for the Tatler magazine and Pearl Ashton who worked on Vogue. Her early childhood was spent under the guidance of a strict Irish governess at the family residence in Park Square which later became the site for The Prince's Trust. During the Second World War and The Blitz, when children were ordered out of London, Somerville was sent to a boys preparatory school in the Welsh village of Portmeirion. She remained there for three years, being only one of six girls among 70 boys. Following studies in the sciences at Queen's College school, Harley Street, London, Somerville gained admission into the male dominated Guy's Hospital Medical School, where women medical students had been present for only the previous two years and the class was more than 90% men. During her student years, she was influenced by a visit to the school by Alfred Blalock of Johns Hopkins Hospital, whose achievements in treating tetralogy of Fallot with the Blalock Taussig shunt, transformed the lives of children. The once fatal heart disease could now be corrected and turn a blue baby to pink in minutes. Early medical career Somerville initially aimed for a career in heart surgery and worked for heart surgery pioneer Sir Russell Brock. She recognised her own lack of dexterity and later recounted \"but I was no good because my hands were not connected to my head\" and changed course to become a cardiologist. She became the first female medical registrar at Guy's Hospital. In 1958, she became a registrar at the National Heart Hospital, on Westmoreland Street, where cardiologist Paul Wood took her on to his team. Here, her interest in congenital heart disease led her to take on simultaneous work at the Hospital for Sick Children in Great Ormond Street, London, and she learnt about diseases in babies and surgery with Richard Bonham Carter and David Waterston.", "title": "Jane Somerville" }, { "docid": "2077264", "text": "An elephant joke is a joke cycle, almost always an absurd riddle or conundrum and often a sequence of such, that involves an elephant. Elephant jokes were a fad in the 1960s, with many people constructing large numbers of them according to a set formula. Sometimes they involve parodies or puns. Examples of elephant jokes are: Q: Why did the elephant paint its toenails red? A: So it could hide in a cherry tree. Q: How can you tell that an elephant is in the bathtub with you? A: By the smell of peanuts on its breath. Q: Why does an elephant have round flat feet? A: So that it can walk across lily pads. Q: Why don’t elephants use computers? A: They’re afraid of the mouse! History In 1960, L.M. Becker Co of Appleton, Wisconsin, released a set of 50 trading cards titled \"Elephant Jokes\". They were recorded in mid-1962 in Texas, and gradually spread across the US, reaching California in early 1963. By July 1963, elephant jokes were ubiquitous and could be found in newspaper columns, and in Time and Seventeen magazines, with millions of people working to construct more jokes according to the same formula. Both elephant jokes and Tom Swifties were in vogue in 1963, and were reported in the US national press. While Tom Swifties were marketed to literate adults and gradually fell out of fashion over subsequent decades, elephant jokes have lasted among younger audiences, circulating through generations of schoolchildren. Prolific science fiction writer Isaac Asimov was of the opinion that these jokes are \"favorites of youngsters and of unsophisticated adults\". However, he finds one joke uncharacteristically sophisticated enough to include in his book of favorite jokes. The joke was told in the aftermath of the murder of Lee Harvey Oswald by Jack Ruby, who had walked into Dallas police headquarters carrying a gun: Q: What did the Dallas chief of police say when the elephant walked into the police station? A: Nothing! He didn't notice. Structure Elephant jokes rely upon absurdity and incongruity for their humor, and a contrast with the normal presumptions of knowledge about elephants. They rely upon absurdist reasoning such as that it would be the relatively incidental evidence regarding the smell of an elephant's breath or the presence of footprints in the butter that would allow for the detection of an elephant in one's bathtub or refrigerator. One key to the construction of an elephant joke is that the joke answers are somewhat appropriate if one merely overlooks the obvious absurdities inherent to the questions. If elephants were capable of climbing trees and if painting an elephant's toenails was an effective camouflage mechanism, then red would be the appropriate color for a cherry tree. If the common connotation that questions requesting the time are expected to be answered in terms of hours and minutes is ignored, then by the implied destruction of one's fence from being sat on by an elephant, it would be time to build a new", "title": "Elephant joke" }, { "docid": "4186829", "text": "Senseless is a 1998 American buddy comedy science fiction film directed by Penelope Spheeris and written by Greg Erb and Craig Mazin. The film stars Marlon Wayans, David Spade, and Matthew Lillard as college students. Plot Darryl Witherspoon (Marlon Wayans) is an economics student at Stratford University, who does not have the advantages of his wealthy nemesis, Scott Thorpe (David Spade), or his best friend Tim LaFlour (Matthew Lillard), straight edge punk rocker who has a hockey scholarship. Darryl is so broke he donates four pints of blood in one day (playing a different character each time) and four vials of sperm in one day. Darryl's big break comes when he enters a competition, where the winner gets a high-paying Wall Street job. But when Scott enters the competition, it seems Darryl's break has gone down the drain. He takes on a high-paying experiment to test a drug that enhances the five senses. Darryl uses it to his advantage and he impresses the competition's supervisor, Mr. Tyson (Rip Torn) and he even joins the hockey team as a goalie. But after taking an extra dose one night, he experiences side effects. The experiment's supervisor, Dr. Thomas Wheedon (Brad Dourif), tells Darryl only four of his senses will work at a time until the drug leaves his body. As Darryl struggles, Tim thinks that his friend is on heroin and gets worried about him. Darryl's luck then starts going down the drain as he loses the hockey game because his sense of sight is lost. He also mistakenly confesses love to his girlfriend's father who he thinks is his girlfriend as his sense of sight is lost. Her father turns out to be Mr. Tyson. He also acts very clumsily (because of the loss of the ability to see) during the basketball game he is invited to see with a client who needs to be impressed in order for Darryl to score some points with the Smythe-Bates guys. Luckily, the client thinks Darryl is just funny and signs a contract with the company. As the story progresses, Darryl asks his friend Tim to help him study for the next day's interview. At that exact moment, Scott studies for the test with the aid of his rich father's employees. Scott is shown to answer a question correctly but he does not know the reason behind it, he ignores the question. The next day, the drug leaves Darryl's system and now all his five senses operate normally. During the interview, it comes down to Darryl and Scott, Scott is asked the same question he was asked last night, he answers it correctly, but when asked the reason, he does not know, Darryl steps in, gives the correct reason and scores the position of junior analyst at Smythe-Bates. But in his speech, he confesses that he cheated by taking an experimental drug. A meeting is called to decide his fate and Mr. Tyson tells him that he himself started out in the mail room", "title": "Senseless" }, { "docid": "72042883", "text": "Error Carried Forward (ECF) is an informal principle for school exam grading employed within computational fields of study such as mathematics, physics, engineering and computer science. In questions with multiple parts, it is common that the answer to the current part builds on an answer to the previous part. As such, if the answer to any part is incorrect, all subsequent parts will be incorrect, even if the approach for said subsequent parts was correct. The purpose of Error Carried Forward is to protect students who run into this issue from being penalized not only for the initial error, but for all subsequent errors that are only incorrect in answer, not approach. Usage ECF has been a long standing topic within schools and standardized testing. Newcastle University's School of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics (NUMBAS) did not initially offer Error Carried Forwards points, but in 2015, NUMBAS developer Christian Lawson-Perfect proposed a system of adaptive marking enabled by the replacement of question variables with the student’s answers to question parts. Lawson-Perfect's approach is to represent each part of a question as a function of the answer to the previous part. That is, if a student answer's \"x\" for part a, the correct answer to part b is \"f(x).\" No matter what the student puts for part a, the corresponding answer for part b can be calculated quickly. Lawson-Perfect discloses that this system cannot identify \"why\" a student made an error, but maintains that it is generally successful in providing fair ECF credit. The college board has been known to employ ECF in both the AP Calculus AB and AP Physics B exams. However, the college board does not award ECF marks if an incorrect answer changes the latter parts of question too drastically. The Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA) has also been known to employ ECF on the financial accounting exam. However, this only applied to written, or fill-in-the-blank questions, not the multiple choice ones. In 2022, Forrest et al conducted a study of a prototype computer application to incorporate ECF into automated grading of online assessments. This application employs the model-view-controller (MVC) design, which includes a data structure to represent the exam questions, a graphical user interface (GUI) for inputting student answers, and a set of algorithms written in JavaScript to process input and output. However, this application is a work in progress, as it cannot handle rounding errors. The study was published in the 2022 Advances in Science and Engineering Technology International Conferences (ASET), highlighting the prevalence of ECF today. References School examinations", "title": "Error Carried Forward" }, { "docid": "21241311", "text": "Vogue France (stylised in all caps) is the French edition of Vogue magazine, formerly called Vogue Paris from its inception until 2021. The magazine started publication in 1920 and has since been regarded as one of the top fashion publications. History 1920–54 The French edition of Vogue was first issued on 15 June 1920, the first editor-in-chief being Cosette de Brunhoff (1886–1964). Her brother, (1892–1958) took over and was editor-in-chief from 1929 until 1954. Duchess Solange d'Ayen (1898–1976) was a fashion editor of Vogue from the late 1920s until the early 1940s. Under Edmonde Charles-Roux (1954–66) Edmonde Charles-Roux (1920–2016), who had previously worked at Elle and France-Soir, became the magazine’s editor-in-chief in 1954. Charles-Roux was a great supporter of Christian Dior's \"New Look\", of which she later said, \"It signalled that we could laugh again - that we could be provocative again, and wear things that would grab people's attention in the street.\" In August 1956, the magazine issued a special ready-to-wear (prêt-à-porter) issue, signaling a shift in fashion's focus from couture production. She left Vogue in 1966, as the result of a conflict for wanting to place a black woman on the cover of the magazine. When later asked about her departure, Charles-Roux refused to confirm or deny this account. 1968–2000: Crescent, Pringle, and Buck Francine Crescent (1933–2008), whose editorship would later be described as prescient, daring, and courageous, took the helm of French Vogue in 1968. Under her leadership, the magazine became the global leader in fashion photography. Crescent gave Helmut Newton and Guy Bourdin, the magazine's two most influential photographers, complete creative control over their work. During the 1970s, Bourdin and Newton competed to push the envelope of erotic and decadent photography; the \"prone and open-mouthed girls of Bourdin\" were pitted against the \"dark, stiletto-heeled, S&M sirens of Newton\". At times, Bourdin's work was so scandalous that Crescent \"laid her job on the line\" to preserve his artistic independence. The two photographers greatly influenced the late-20th-century image of womanhood and were among the first to realize the importance of image, as opposed to product, in stimulating consumption. Through the power photography within fashion both Bourdin and Newton were able to create new avenues within the world of fashion as well as advance the image of Vogue. By the late 1980s, however, Newton and Bourdin's star power had faded, and the magazine was \"stuck in a rut\". Colombe Pringle replaced Crescent as the magazine's editor-in-chief in 1987. Under Pringle’s watch, the magazine recruited new photographers such as Peter Lindbergh (1944–2019) and Steven Meisel, who developed their signature styles in the magazine’s pages. Even still, the magazine struggled, remaining dull and heavily reliant on foreign stories. When Pringle left the magazine in 1994, word spread that her resignation had been forced. Joan Juliet Buck, an American, was named Pringle's successor effective 1 June 1994. Her selection was described by The New York Times as an indication that Conde Nast intended to \"modernize the magazine and expand its scope\" from", "title": "Vogue France" }, { "docid": "3501770", "text": "Craig Dean is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera Hollyoaks, played by Guy Burnet. The character was introduced as a youngest brother of established character Steph Dean (Carley Stenson). He made his first appearance on 24 October 2002. Burnet has won and been nominated for several awards for this role. Burnet departed the role in September 2007 and returned to the show on 3 September 2008 in a storyline which saw Craig secure a \"sunset ending\" with John Paul McQueen (James Sutton). He made another appearance after his departure in spin-off show Hollyoaks Later in November 2008. The character is regarded as one of Hollyoaks most iconic characters. Character development Craig Dean was not at first outlined as harbouring homosexual feelings or tendencies. The character was originally scripted as heterosexual, and actor Guy Burnet wanted to maintain this aspect of the character in his portrayal. He relayed, \"The thing that I wanted more than anything was to convey confusion – if Craig could go and sleep with John Paul and afterwards the audience can say 'hold on a minute – maybe he's not gay'… If I've provoked that question, then I've reached the goal I wanted to reach. If I'm confused, in turn Craig is confused and so is the audience – that's the way I see it.\" Burnet was at first against the writers' decision to have Craig become romantically involved with another male character. \"I'll always be completely honest,\" he stated. \"I'll always be real. The truth is that it was difficult to play. It was talked about for a long while and I felt uncomfortable with the idea because I didn't think it was justifiable. I thought 'how can you make a straight guy who's a bit of a cheeky chappy, loves the girls and has a sort of camp sense of humour, gay?'\" Burnet stated that he sat down with the producers of the series. \"It was sitting with Bryan and the other producers, discussing it and saying 'right, if we're going to do this, it's not a story about a character being gay, it's a story where we have to justify the guy's sexual confusion – why is he like this? And the most important thing is that he still has the love for the woman in his life'\". Burnet conveyed that he does not see Craig as gay or bisexual, and was adamant on the series not portraying Craig as either. \"It was a love for this one person,\" he cited, \"which threw him.\" Burnet detailed, \"Craig was always a lonely character. He never had that many friends surrounding him, even during the times of Bombhead and Lee. These guys were in a different year to him. He was always a lone soldier.\" Further elaborating on Craig and John Paul's connection, Burnet stated, \"JP was not only a best friend but when he came out, it was a coming to terms moment for Craig – asking himself 'perhaps these feelings", "title": "Craig Dean" }, { "docid": "52681064", "text": "Lauren Duca (born February 24, 1991) is an American former journalist and political columnist. She formerly worked at Teen Vogue, where she had a column from 2017 to 2018 called \"Thigh High Politics\". Her book How to Start a Revolution (2019) is on young people and the future of American politics. Early life and education Duca was born in New York City and grew up in an affluent New Jersey suburb. Her parents live in New Jersey, and she has a younger brother. In 2013, Duca graduated from Fordham University with a bachelor's degree in English and philosophy. During this time, she was editor in chief of the alternative newspaper, the paper. In 2015, Duca received her master's degree in journalism and critical theory from New York University. Career In 2013, Duca got her start working as an online editorial intern for New York Magazine. From 2013 to 2015, Duca worked as a reporter at The Huffington Post. In 2015, she began working as a freelance reporter, often writing for Teen Vogue. In December 2016, Duca drew attention for an op-ed in Teen Vogue titled \"Donald Trump is Gaslighting America,\" which argued that then President-elect Donald Trump relied on deceit to undermine the truth so his critics would question their own judgment. As of December 23, 2016, the essay had been viewed 1.2 million times, becoming the magazine's most-viewed post. Katie Mettler of The Washington Post said, \"[T]he Internet lit up with praise for [Duca's] 'scorched-earth' op-ed.\" The essay was widely cited as a turning point in the fashion magazine's reputation, with a newly recognized political dimension. Duca appeared on Tucker Carlson Tonight on December 23, 2016, and in the heated exchange over her commentary on Ivanka Trump, Duca criticized host Tucker Carlson for not allowing her to speak and called Carlson a \"partisan hack.\" In response, he told her that instead of political commentary, she \"should stick to the thigh-high boots,\" referring to her earlier articles on pop star Ariana Grande. Online harassment of Duca followed, including threats of sexual assault. In response, Duca named her new column at Teen Vogue, begun in February 2017, \"Thigh-High Politics.\" According to the magazine, \"Thigh High Politics\" \"[broke] down the news, provides resources for the resistance, and just generally refuses to accept toxic nonsense.\" She also designed a t-shirt in July 2017 with the phrase \"I like my politics thigh-high,\" and donated all of the proceeds from each $32 shirt to Planned Parenthood in Carlson's name. As of December 2017, over $10,000 were raised. In the face of backlash against Teen Vogue, Duca has defended the political commentary featured on the website, citing the disconnect between critics who find young women's interests as too silly for intellectual conversation and the reprimand young women face for not participating in political process. In 2017, former pharmaceutical executive Martin Shkreli attempted to contact Duca a number of times and referenced her routinely in social media. In early January 2017, Shkreli direct-messaged Duca, tweeted her directly,", "title": "Lauren Duca" }, { "docid": "2555189", "text": "The Guy Game is a 2004 adult video game developed by Topheavy Studios and published by Gathering for Windows, PlayStation 2, and Xbox. Presented in a trivia gameshow style, the game allows up to four players to compete in the game by completing multiple choice questions and minigames complemented by filmed live-action footage of young women in bikinis on spring break. The game's development was led by former Metroid Prime developer Jeff Spangenberg, who sought to create an interactive game with appeal to men inspired by the Girls Gone Wild series of pornographic videos. The objective of The Guy Game is for players to earn points, as well as accumulate bonus points for a meter, titled the Flash-O-Meter, that progressively removes censorship of footage of the women exposing their breasts. Upon release, The Guy Game was a commercial disappointment and received negative reviews, with critics critiquing the game's tastelessness, slow pace, and lack of content, although some praised the game as a niche party title for a college-age audience. Following release, The Guy Game experienced controversy when a participant filmed exposing her breasts in the game sued the developer and publishers for breach of privacy and emotional distress, and revealed that she was a minor at the time of filming. The plaintiff's lawsuit successfully obtained a temporary injunction against further distribution, after which Topheavy Studios ceased further sale of the game. Due to the ESRB classification of the title as 'Mature' instead of 'Adults Only', authors, groups and legislators in the United States targeted The Guy Game in efforts to restrict minors' access to explicit video games. The Guy Game has been retrospectively assessed as a controversial title in an emergent genre of adult video games receiving a mainstream commercial release on consoles in the mid-2000s in line with other titles including Leisure Suit Larry: Magna Cum Laude and Playboy: The Mansion. Gameplay The Guy Game is a trivia game in which up to four players answer multiple choice quizzes and complete minigames in a series of 'episodes' that feature a progression of four rounds. Most gameplay is complemented by full motion video of comedian Matt Sadler asking trivia questions provided to the player to bikini-clad young women ('Hotties') on spring break. Players have dual objectives of earning enough points to reach the highest rank of competing players, and earn bonus points that add to a points pool named the Flash-O-Meter. In the full motion video footage of The Guy Game, Hotties are expected to flash their breasts on camera if they answer the questions incorrectly. As players contribute to the Flash-O-Meter, footage of Hotties flashing the camera becomes less censored, starting from fully censored at 'Soft and Squishy', pixelated at 'Sorta Chubby', and uncensored at 'Super Stiff'. At the start of a round, players select a 'Cheerleader' avatar who reacts to their performance in the game, progressively losing their clothes if the player earns points, and putting on their clothes if they answer incorrectly. The first quiz round, 'Foreplay',", "title": "The Guy Game" }, { "docid": "1053563", "text": "Mert and Marcus is the working name of two fashion photographers, Mert Alaş (born 1971) and Marcus Piggott (born 1971), who work together on a collaborative basis. Their work and style is influenced by photographer Guy Bourdin and, together, they have pioneered the use of digital manipulation within their field. Career Mert Alaş, born in Turkey and Marcus Piggott, born in Wales, met in England in 1994 after having worked for a brief period in different areas, Alaş in classical music and Piggott in graphic design. Piggott was an assistant photographer and Alas was a fashion photo modeler. After working together in the photography business, they decided to create a team. When they showed their first photos to Dazed and Confused, the London fashion magazine, they immediately made the cover. The team now works for such magazines such as Vogue USA, Vogue Paris, Vogue Italia, Interview Magazine, The Love Magazine, W Magazine, Pop Magazine, Numéro and Arena Homme Plus. Some of their major clients are fashion labels such as Dior, Louis Vuitton, Missoni, Giorgio Armani, Roberto Cavalli, Fendi, Kenzo and Miu Miu. They created the images for perfume houses such as Gucci, Yves St Laurent, Givenchy and Lancôme. Alas and Piggott have also worked with celebrities including Madonna, Marion Cotillard, Cara Delevingne, Adele, Adriana Lima, Lady Gaga, Julia Roberts, Rihanna, Shakira, Jennifer Lopez, Linda Evangelista, Gisele Bündchen, Björk, Gigi Hadid, Kendall Jenner, Lindsay Lohan, Scarlett Johansson, Charlotte Rampling, Bella Hadid, Kylie Minogue, Sophie Ellis-Bextor, Victoria Beckham and most recently shot album covers for Fergie, Taylor Swift and Nicki Minaj. They have also worked for Rob Dougan's for the cover art of Furious Angels CD. In 2015, Mert & Marcus were awarded Honorary Fellowship of the Royal Photographic Society. In 2018, Mert & Marcus won the Isabella Blow Award for Fashion Creator. References External links Agents website Business duos Living people Fashion photographers English people of Turkish descent Year of birth missing (living people)", "title": "Mert and Marcus" }, { "docid": "14709906", "text": "Mara bar Serapion was a Stoic philosopher from the Roman province of Syria. He is noted for a letter he wrote in Aramaic to his son, who was named Serapion. The letter was composed sometime after 73 AD but before the 3rd century, and most scholars date it to shortly after 73 AD during the first century. The letter may be an early non-Christian reference to the crucifixion of Jesus. The letter refers to the unjust treatment of \"three wise men\": the murder of Socrates, the burning of Pythagoras, and the execution of \"the wise king\" of the Jews. The author explains that in all three cases the wrongdoing resulted in the future punishment of those responsible by God and that when the wise are oppressed, not only does their wisdom triumph in the end, but God punishes their oppressors. The letter has been claimed to include no Christian themes and many scholars consider Mara a pagan, although some suggest he may have been a monotheist. Some scholars see the reference to the execution of a \"wise king\" of the Jews as an early non-Christian reference to Jesus. Criteria that support the non-Christian origin of the letter include the observation that \"king of the Jews\" was not a Christian title, and that the letter's premise that Jesus lives on in his teachings he enacted is in contrast to the Christian concept that Jesus continues to live through his resurrection. Scholars such as Robert Van Voorst see little doubt that the reference to the execution of the \"king of the Jews\" is about the death of Jesus. Others such as Craig A. Evans see less value in the letter, given its uncertain date, and the ambiguity in the reference. The passage and its context Mara Bar-Serapion's letter is preserved in a 6th or 7th century manuscript (BL Add. 14658) held by the British Library, and was composed sometime between 73 AD and the 3rd century. Nineteenth century records state that the manuscript containing this text was one of several manuscripts obtained by Henry Tattam from the monastery of St. Mary Deipara in the Nitrian Desert of Egypt and acquired by the Library in 1843. William Cureton published an English translation in 1855. The beginning of the letter makes it clear that it is written to the author's son: \"Mara, son of Serapion, to my son Serapion, greetings.\" The key passage is as follows: In this passage the author explains that when the wise are oppressed, not only does their wisdom triumph in the end, but God also punishes their oppressors. The context of the letter is that the Romans had destroyed Mara's city in a war, taking him prisoner along with others. The letter was written from prison to encourage the author's son to pursue wisdom. It takes the form of a set of rhetorical questions which ask about the benefits of persecuting wise men. Mara hints that the occupation of his land will in the end bring shame and disgrace", "title": "Mara bar Serapion on Jesus" }, { "docid": "63922450", "text": "Timothy Shane Boyce is an American fashion and fitness model regarded as a male supermodel of the 1990s. Boyce has worked with photographers Peter Lindbergh and Bettina Rheims in advertising campaigns for high fashion designers such as Giorgio Armani, Gianfranco Ferre and brands such as Levi's. He appeared on the covers of Arena Homme + and L'Uomo Vogue alongside a new generation of top male models of the 1990s, including Marcus Schenkenberg and Tyson Beckford, who attained celebrity status in the global fashion, movie, music, and media markets. In 1995, Out Magazine featured Boyce on its cover, photographed by Guy Aroch. The Out Magazine cover story lead the Los Angeles Times to single out Boyce and other notable figures such as Gore Vidal and Candace Gingrich as out leaders contributing to the increasingly vibrant market of the gay press that was notable for changing the landscape of mainstream media in the 1990s. Early life Boyce was born in San Francisco, California of Italian and Irish ancestry. He moved to New York City, excelling in high school track and field, baseball and other sports before graduating from NYU with a degree in Communication Sciences in 1991. Career In 1993, Boyce was photographed by Steven Meisel on the October issue of L’Uomo Vogue with a style team that included Garren and Lori Goldstein. Boyce continued working in the fashion editorial pages of such magazines as British GQ, Interview, New York Times Magazine, Arena, Vogue Hommes, Details, and Italian Vogue as well as on the runway in fashion shows for Calvin Klein, Giorgio Armani, Issey Miyake, Gianfranco Ferre, and Donna Karan. In 1994, for the Autumn/Winter issue of Arena Homme +, a spin-off of the bi-monthly Arena, Boyce was photographed by master fashion photographer Albert Watson for the cover with four other top male models of the era, including Tyson Beckford and Marcus Schenkenberg. The two-page fold-out cover included the headline “High Five the New Supermodel Army - Tyson, Tim, Marcus, Gregg and Larry photographed by Albert Watson” and a quote by Boyce: “If I was a female supermodel I'd be Kate Moss – so I could be cute and tiny instead of big and ugly.” The magazine celebrated the five men, foretold their pop-cultural notoriety, and with Boyce's words quoted as a headline on the cover, signaled a skill that he would demonstrate later in life as a writer. The accompanying profile on Boyce stated that he had been modeling for just 18 months, was represented by Ford Models and Select Model Management, and included details on how he was discovered by fashion consultant Wayne Scot Lukas in New York where he attended NYU. Lukas asked Boyce to test for a Levi's commercial which launched his career. On the following pages, he is featured in ads for Gianfranco Ferre photographed by Bettina Rheims, Giorgio Armani Occhiali photographed by Peter Lindbergh, and in a fashion editorial photographed by Stephane Sednaoui with grooming by Michael Boadi. For the September 1996 issue of Interview, Boyce", "title": "Tim Boyce" }, { "docid": "31717787", "text": "Dulce Pinzón (born 1974 in Mexico City, Mexico) is a Mexican artist currently living in Brooklyn, New York, Mexico City, Mexico, and Montreal, Canada. In 2015 she was named by Forbes Magazine as \"One of the 50 most creative Mexicans in the world\", and Vogue magazine identified her as one of the \"8 Mexican female photographers who are breaking through at a global level.\" In 2020, the Voice of America characterized her as having \"earned a prestigious place in the world of fine arts photography.\" Education Pinzón studied Mass Media Communications at the Universidad de las Américas Puebla in Mexico, and Photography at Indiana University of Pennsylvania in the United States . She moved to New York City in 1995 and studied at the International Center of Photography. She lives and works in Mexico, Montreal, and New York. Photography Pinzon's work is influenced by feelings of nostalgia, questions of identity, political, environmental, and cultural frustrations. The goal that she pursues through her art activism is cultural consumption, customization, and intervention. Some of her projects are: \"Viviendo En El Gabacho\"(a Spanish colloquialism for \"foreign\" which in Mexico is used as a Mexican colloquialism for \"living in the United States\"), \"Loteria\" (Lottery), \"Multiracial\", \"Generosity\", and \"Real Stories of the Superheroes.\" Her work has been published and exhibited in Mexico, the United States, Australia, Latin America, Asia, and Europe. The Real Story of the Superheroes In 2006, Pinzón completed a project in which she photographed several immigrant workers in New York City dressed as superheroes who, like her, mostly originally came from the state of Puebla in Mexico. \"They’re so quiet and hard-working and invisible\", Pinzón said of her subjects in a feature article in The New York Times in 2006. \"I wanted to pay a tribute to them.\" Pinzón drew on her nostalgia for Mexicopop culture as a medium to get her views across to through her art. This series consists of 20 color photographs of Mexican immigrants dressed in the costumes of well-known American and Mexican superheroes. Pinzón breaks down the photographs' titles into five sections which not only title the photographs, but also deliver biographical data about the subject. These sections are: Name of the superhero Name of the daily worker Name of their home country What the laborer does for a living And the amount of money that they send home. One example of these \"everyday superheroes\" is the photograph titled \"Noe Reyes. He sends hundreds of dollars back to Mexico every month.\" There are many undocumented workers from Puebla who reside in New York City and who work as dishwashers, deli workers, and cleaning women, etc. and whom are rarely recognized for their everyday acts of sacrifice and heroism in supporting their families in their countries of origin. Another example, is the story of behind the photograph Minerva Valencia, who dressed up as Catwoman for Dulce's artwork. Valencia came to New York from Puebla and works as a babysitter in New York. The amount of economic remittance that", "title": "Dulce Pinzon" }, { "docid": "48864747", "text": "When Washington Was in Vogue is a Harlem Renaissance novel written by Edward Christopher Williams, set in Washington, D.C. in 1922-3. The first epistolary novel written by an African-American, it was originally serialized in the radical magazine The Messenger between January 1925 and July 1926 as \"The Letters of Davy Carr: A True Story of Colored Vanity Fair.\" Largely due to the small circulation of the magazine, When Washington Was in Vogue languished in obscurity until its rediscovery and subsequent publication in 2003. It follows the adventures of Davy Carr, a scholar living amongst the black socialites of the Roaring Twenties. Synopsis Characters Davy Carr – The protagonist and voice of the novel, Davy Carr is a scholar spending four months in Washington, D.C. researching the early American Slave Trade at the Library of Congress. While there, he engages with the thriving African-American bourgeois society and writes letters about his experiences to Bob Fletcher, a friend from Davy's time as a World War I doughboy. Although highly educated and astute in matters of philosophy and literature, Davy is far less capable as a socialite and is confused by the new-fangled tastes and expectations of the young urban elite. His complicated attraction to the very modern Caroline Rhodes, daughter of his landlady, motivates many of his letters. Caroline Rhodes – The most free-spirited of the women Davy meets in Washington, Caroline is a member of the high-class black elite of the city. Spending much of her time going to parties and other gatherings as a \"flapper,\" Caroline manages to reject many of the societal expectations placed on women of her status. That she smokes, drinks spend profligately, and do not consider her darker skin a social liability sets her apart from the other women of Davy's acquaintance, and he grows more and more infatuated with her as his stay progresses. Bob Fletcher – The recipient of Davy's series of letters, Bob served in the military with Davy during the first World War. Since then, the two have kept up a consistent exchange of letters. Bob, though largely voiceless, does enter the story at significant points. He visits Davy during Christmas and meets many of Davy's friends. Shortly before the conclusion, Bob proposes marriage to Tommie Dawson, one of Caroline's girlfriends. Plot/Themes Opening when Davy Carr arrives in Washington, D.C. in October 1922, When Washington Was in Vogue takes place over the fall and winter months, as Davy becomes introduced to and integrated into the social life of the black elite. His initiation comes about through the machinations of his landlady's daughter Caroline, who introduces him to her friends and ensures that he is invited to the city's best and most significant parties. As Davy gets to know the various members of the social scene, he becomes more and more suspicious of his fellow lodger, Jeffries, whose questionable activities include attending seedy cabarets, and may extend to theft or money laundering. The tension between the two comes to a head when Jeffries", "title": "When Washington Was in Vogue" }, { "docid": "6599618", "text": "Dawn Ostroff is an American businesswoman. She was the chief content officer and advertising business officer of Spotify, and is the former president of entertainment of The CW and former president of Condé Nast Entertainment. Early life and education Ostroff was born in Brooklyn, New York in 1960. She had an early introduction to music, her father being a concert promoter who worked with Frank Sinatra. Ostroff holds a Bachelor of Science degree from Florida International University. Career Ostroff began her career in news as a reporter for WINZ, a CBS affiliate in Miami. She also worked in local news at WPLG and WTVJ in Miami. She later held senior positions at 20th Century Fox, Michael Jacobs Productions (Disney) and the Kushner-Locke Company. Lifetime From 1996 to 2002, she served as executive vice president of entertainment at Lifetime Television and led the network to become the #1-rated cable network in prime time. UPN Network From 2002 to 2006, Ostroff served as president of the UPN Network, a subsidiary of CBS, where she developed the popular reality series America's Next Top Model, along with other programs including Veronica Mars and Everybody Hates Chris. The CW Beginning in 2006, Ostroff launched The CW broadcast network - a joint venture of CBS and Warner Bros. - and served as president of entertainment. Ostroff was in charge of programming, digital initiatives, branding, marketing, research and sales. As president, she developed several TV series, including Gossip Girl, The Vampire Diaries and Supernatural. Condé Nast Entertainment Ostroff and Condé Nast CEO Bob Sauerberg co-founded and launched Condé Nast Entertainment (CNE) in 2011, a studio and distribution network for film, television, premium digital video, social, and virtual reality. At CNE, Ostroff produced film projects including Only the Brave, adapted from a GQ feature; The First Monday in May; The Old Man & the Gun with Robert Redford as well as TV series including Last Chance U on Netflix and Vanity Fair Confidential on Investigation Discovery. Additionally, through its digital franchises, such as Vogue's \"73 Questions\" and WIRED's \"Autocomplete Interview,\" CNE made 5,000 videos, garnering more than 11 billion views in 2017. Spotify Ostroff joined Spotify in August 2018 as Chief Content Officer. She leads all aspects of content and distribution operations, including global advertising, global original content, content marketing, industry and creator relationships, and licensing. During Ostroff's time as Chief Content Officer, she focused on expanding the music streaming service into other forms of audio, primarily podcasts. She signed Barack and Michelle Obama's production company Higher Ground Productions to produce a slate of exclusive podcasts for Spotify. She also negotiated exclusive podcast deals with Kim Kardashian West, Joe Rogan, Prince Harry and Meghan Markle. She is also responsible for overseeing the acquisitions for digital media company and podcast network Gimlet Media, the podcast creation tool Anchor, digital media firm Parcast and Bill Simmons's The Ringer. Ostroff helped Spotify increase the number of podcasts from 185,000 to 3 million, as of January 2022, and in 2020, the company's", "title": "Dawn Ostroff" }, { "docid": "36467420", "text": "The Almost Guys is a 2004 American comedy film written and directed by Eric Fleming, produced by Andrea Michaud and starring an ensemble cast. It was filmed on 35mm in Southern California. Film locations included Los Angeles, Lancaster, Long Beach, Upland and Downey. Worldwide rights to the independently produced film were acquired by National Lampoon. Plot Rick Murphy and his 73-year-old partner known only as \"The Colonel\" work for a repossession company. During their latest repossession of a car, they find Jim Maxwell, a famous baseball pitcher, inside the trunk of the car. As it turns out, Rick and the Colonel repossessed the car of two members of the \"Mob\" who were in the middle of kidnapping Jim. As the World Series is only three days away, the repo men must get Jim back to his baseball team before the \"Mob\" catches up with them. Cast Robert Culp - The Colonel; Rick's 73-year-old partner. Eric Fleming - Rick Murphy; a luckless repo man and the protagonist. Shawnee Smith - Bigger; Jim's ex-girlfriend. James Edson - Jim Maxwell; a baseball pitcher. Oliver Davis - Buddy Murphy; Rick's son. Tae-Joon Lee - The Monk; a Korean man who had his car repossessed by Rick and the Colonel in the beginning of the movie. Lin Shaye - The Repo Boss; the boss of Re-Police, the repossession company Rick and the Colonel work for. Peter Allas - Massimo #1; one of the two members of the \"Mob.\" Peter Arpesella - Massimo #2; one of the two members of the \"Mob.\" Susan Egan - Suzanne Murphy; Rick's ex-wife. Tom Lenoci - Gentle Ben; a man who lives with Suzanne, much to Rick's chagrin. Satoshi Nakagawa - The Monk's Friend; a companion of the Monk who appears late in the movie. Release and critical reception The film premiered in February, 2005 at the HBO Aspen Comedy film festival. The Almost Guys screened at several film festivals, including HBO, Cinequest Film Festival, Sonoma Valley Film Festival, Boston Film Festival, Jacksonville Film Festival and Palm Beach International Film Festival. A limited US theatrical release followed in April, 2006. The Almost Guys was chosen for an IFP New Film Works screening at the Pacific Design Center in Los Angeles. The Almost Guys has received mixed to positive reviews from critics. Review aggregate Rotten Tomatoes reports that 60% of critics have given the film a positive review. Film Threat magazine awarded the film 4 stars. Colin Covert of the Minneapolis Star Tribune stated, \"The Almost Guys is completely charming... Fleming brings a feeling of loose, lively fun to the story. He writes funny characters, funny dialogue and funny situations.\" References Additional sources External links TheAlmostGuyNation TheAlmostGuys iTunes TheAlmostGuys Hulu TheAlmostGuy: Interview with Eric Fleming American comedy films 2004 films 2004 comedy films 2000s English-language films 2000s American films English-language comedy films", "title": "The Almost Guys" }, { "docid": "54455766", "text": "Steve Hiett (26 December 1940 – 28 August 2019) was a British photographer, musician, artist and graphic designer based in Paris. Life and work From 1957 Hiett studied painting at Worthing Art School. In 1959 he changed to Brighton Art School to study graphic design, he also began studying photography. After studying he joined a psych/pop band, Pyramid. This experience led to him photographing Jimi Hendrix backstage in the 1970s. In addition Hiett began a series of photos of empty suburban streets that resulted in his first book, Pleasure Places (Flash Books, 1975). In 1968 he began his career as a fashion photographer for Nova magazine. In 1972 he moved to Paris and his work began to be published regularly in Marie Claire, Vogue, Elle and other magazines. During the 1980s he worked as a photographer and developed his signature style of over-saturated images, off-centre framing and dazzling flash. In the same period he made a guitar solo album in Japan for Sony/CBS: Down on the Road by the Beach accompanied by a photo book. He said \"I just loved writing music and playing guitar. When all that came to a close for various reasons I still took my guitar with me where ever I went. In the 80's I made a guitar album in Japan and also played on some french tv commercials and actually had a hit on a record in France by the singer Valli which I co produced and played guitar on. I am still working at playing guitar and writing music.\" The album has since amassed a cult following. In the 1990s Hiett moved to New York City and did graphic design and typography. There he met Carla Sozzani, who invited him to return to Paris and work for Vogue Italia. He said \"I then realised there was a whole new world of fashion magazines. And my career as a fashion photographer seemed to start all over again. My style has evolved with the new digital technology but I guess it still looks almost the same.\" In 2014 he led the judging of the photography category at the Hyeres Festival, during which a retrospective entitled Steve Hiett: The Song Remains the Same was held at Villa Noailles. Hiett photographed such celebrities as; Jimi Hendrix, Sophia Loren, The Beach Boys, The Doors, Miles Davis, Uma Thurman, Diane Kruger, Nathalie Wood, Julie Driscoll, The Rolling Stones, Sandie Shaw, Joni Mitchell, and The Hollies. He worked for the fashion magazines Marie Claire, Vogue Italia, The Face, Vogue France, Vogue China, Vogue Russia, Vogue Spain, Harper's Bazaar, Visionnaire, Hunger, Nova, Elle, Spoon Magazine and Glamour. He worked for the brands Roberto Cavalli, Guy Laroche, Oscar de la Renta, Big, and Piaget. Personal life Hiett was born on 26 December 1940 in Oxford. Later, his parents moved him and his sister from the East End of London to Lancing, West Sussex where they grew up. He has a daughter and two grandchildren. In 2018, Hiett married former fashion model and", "title": "Steve Hiett" }, { "docid": "26640776", "text": "The Witching Hour is a 1934 American pre-Code drama film directed by Henry Hathaway and starring Sir Guy Standing, John Halliday, Judith Allen and Tom Brown. Plot While Jack Brookfield (John Halliday) runs a gambling gathering at nighttime in his Kentucky house, his daughter Nancy (Judith Allen) is frequently visited by and becomes engaged to young Northern architect Clay Thorne (Tom Brown). His mother (Olive Tell), an old friend of Brookfield's, arrives from Baltimore to save her son from the vice of gambling, but when Brookfield shows her her son and his daughter in the garden, she is delighted. Brookfield announces to the gentlemen that for that evening the gambling is over early, due to a feeling he has. After everybody has left, Brookfield's old friend (and customer) Lew Ellinger (Richard Carle) proposes to play poker. But Brookfield answers he is not a gambler. Ellinger deals the cards anyway. To his astonishment, Brookfield tells him exactly what he has in his hands. When it is repeated a second time, Brookfield tells him that he cannot tell what cards he has if Ellinger doesn't look at them. When this second time he tells again the card Ellinger has, Ellinger asks Brookfield how he does it. Brookfield does not know how he does it, but he does not gamble because of this gift, which saddens Ellinger. Meantime, the police chief (Frank Sheridan) gathers his men to raid Brookfield's house. When they arrive, however, they can find no trace of gambling activity. After Nancy turns in for the night, Clay becomes terrified when he sees a cats-eye ring (collateral put up by Lew) on Brookfield's finger. This causes Brookfield to question Clay's manhood. Afterward, Brookfield receives a visit from Frank Hardmuth (Ralf Harolde). Hardmuth has a grudge against him and is determined to show that he is the boss of the town. When Hardmuth states he is good enough for Nancy, Brookfield punches him and tells him that one day a man will come in his office and shoot him. Clay overhears him. Brookfield tells him, after Hardmuth leaves, that his fear is absurd. He hypnotizes the young man without realizing it. Judge Martin Prentice (Guy Standing) is Brookfield's last visitor that night. Brookfield finds in him an understanding person concerning his gift. Prentice warns him to be more careful about hypnotizing people. Clay goes to Hardmuth's office and shoots him dead, without knowing what he is doing. His loved ones search for a defense attorney, but nobody takes hypnotism seriously or believes it is grounds for a defense. Finally, they think of Judge Prentice, who is retired, but would certainly understand how to manage the case. Prentice does not want to take the case, but the ghost of Margaret Price (Gertrude Michael), Mrs. Thorne's mother and Prentice's love, persuades him to change his mind. The trial goes badly for the defense; even the testimony of Dr. von Strohn (Ferdinand Gottschalk), an eminent expert in hypnosis, cannot turn the tide. Finally, in desperation,", "title": "The Witching Hour (1934 film)" }, { "docid": "16783155", "text": "The Kemptville 73's are a Canadian Junior \"A\" ice hockey team based in Kemptville, Ontario. They play in the Central Canada Hockey League of the Ottawa District Hockey Association. History The team was founded in 1969 as the Kemptville Comets, changing their name in 1973 to coincide with that year. In the 1996–97 season, the 73's achieved an undefeated season with a win–loss–tie record of 38-0-4 en route to the Eastern Ontario Junior B Hockey League championship. They repeated the championship victory in 1999. The team moved up from the Eastern Ontario Junior B Hockey League to the Central Junior A Hockey League in 2007. On September 14, 2007, the Kemptville 73's played their first ever Junior \"A\" hockey game. At home, the 73's took on the Nepean Raiders but lost the game 5–2. Anthony Scarpino scored the 73's first ever Junior \"A\" goal with forty-six seconds left in the first period. Alex Beaudry started the historic game in net. On September 23, 2007, the 73's won their first ever Junior \"A\" hockey game by defeating the Kanata Stallions, at home, by a score of 4–2. Currently, the team carries a member of the community who has been involved with the program since its inception in 1969. John Guy, a local legend, has been involved with the 73s as the equipment manager. John is known and loved by many in the community for his involvement and comical antics. On April 8, 2008, Mark Nasca become the first 73 in history to commit to a Division I school when he signed with the Colgate University Raiders for the 2008–2009 season. On December 23, 2008, Rob Capellupo was announced as head United States Scout for bringing in players. He was also announced as the teams physical and psychological doctor. On June 26, 2009, Calvin de Haan was drafted 12th overall by the New York Islanders. de Haan is a former \"73\". On June 23, 2012, Vancouver Canucks drafted former 73 Ben Hutton 147th overall. During the summer of 2017 the 73's changed ownership from Ron and Lisa Tugnutt to Jason York, Joe Jefferies and Paul LeBreux. Season-by-season results \|} Notable alumni Calvin de Haan Ben Hutton References External links 73's Webpage EOJHL Webpage CJHL Webpage Central Canada Hockey League teams Ice hockey clubs established in 1969 Ice hockey teams in Ontario 1969 establishments in Ontario", "title": "Kemptville 73's" }, { "docid": "61998435", "text": "is a seinen manga series by Spica Aoki. The plot centers around a student named Kuroe Akaishi who suffers from a mysterious illness, and how it may impact her newfound love interest. Kaiju Girl Caramelise appeared as a serial in the monthly manga magazine Monthly Comic Alive starting in early 2018. Kadokawa Shoten has published the chapters in seven bound volumes. American publishing company Yen Press licensed the series for an English-language translation in North America. Five of these volumes have been released so far. The English-language translated series has received positive reception from critics who called it \"enjoyable\". Plot Kuroe Akaishi is described as \"Psycho-tan\" by her classmates and is an outcast at school. She suffers from a rare, incurable illness that causes deformations in her body at random times. She is surprised one day to find that Arata Minami, a popular guy in her class, starts to pay attention to her and questions the weird new feelings she has around him. It isn't long before her mother confesses to Kuroe that she is in fact a kaiju, which confirmed a realistic \"dream\" the prior night that involved her monster form rampaging through Tokyo. Kuroe struggles and is dismissive of the information, and worries that Arata will not accept her for what she is (both human and monster form). Characters The protagonist of the story, Kuroe has been suffering from a mysterious illness for at least sixteen years that causes abnormal body growth and disfigurement. This has led Kuroe to become an outcast feeling that nobody could accept someone like her. While Kuroe does not remember her past she tries her best to live a normal life in the present. She is surprised when Arata decides to date her and tries to hide her transformations from him whenever she can. Kuroe also has a pet dog named \"Jumbo King\". Arata is a popular guy in Kuroe's school who starts getting model offerings. He takes interest in Kuroe, revealing that he too wants to be out of the spotlight, and lost a lot of weight to become the person he is known as. This quickly irritates the other jealous school girls crushing on him who cannot understand what he sees in Kuroe. Arata does not know that she is secretly a Kaiju which causes misunderstandings to happen. Kuroe's devoted mother, Rinko is shown to be there for her daughter against judgmental people knowing full well that she is a Kaiju. Rinko is also a former biologist who discovered the remains of an Kaiju and brought one of its eggs home with her. She then proceeded to raise the shape shifting baby Kaiju whom she named Kuroe as a human. Rinko is a big fan of the singer Mayumi Hamasaki, who is based on Ayumi Hamasaki. Koutarou is Rinko's former colleague when they were traveling biologists. He was with Rinko when they found a Kaiju skeleton and watched as Rinko decided to take home an egg vowing him to secrecy. While", "title": "Kaiju Girl Caramelise" }, { "docid": "56337144", "text": "Divine Access is a 2015 American comedy-drama film directed by Steven Chester Prince and starring Billy Burke, Gary Cole, Patrick Warburton, Adrienne Barbeau and Dora Madison Burge. It is Prince's directorial debut and Burke served as a producer of the film. Plot Jack Harriman lives an ordinary life next to a lake in Texas, sometimes getting work in construction. His friend Bob produces a cable access show about religion called \"Divine Access\". Bob invites Jack to appear on the show to discuss religion with host Rev. Guy Roy Davis and a man named Pete who is obsessed with the power of pyramids. Jack, who does not belong to a specific religion but thinks highly of many religious leaders, becomes very popular with viewers, to the dismay of Rev. Davis who protests that the show was his. Rev. Davis is later fired from the show and from his job in a grocery store, where he behaves erratically using a ventriloquist dummy resembling Jesus. Bob sends Jack out on tour to speak about his views and inspire people. Nigel accompanies Bob, intending to serve as a catcher for people who fall down when blessed, as people do at Christian revival meetings. As they travel through Texas, Jack meets Marian, who is following him and questioning Jack's sincerity as well as his concern for the consequences of following his advice. They pick up Amber, a prostitute who seems to have no place to go, and she eventually moves in with Jack. Jack continues to deal with obsessed followers, including some who show up at his home. Jack's mother Catherine also comes to visit. There is one final meeting of Jack's followers before a tragic event. Cast Billy Burke as Jack Harriman Patrick Warburton as Bob Gary Cole as Reverend Guy Roy Davis Sarah Shahi as Marian Dora Madison Burge as Amber Joel David Moore as Nigel Barak Hardley as Pyramid Pete Adrienne Barbeau as Catherine Austin Lyon as Caller Katherine Willis as Amber's Mom Michael Zagst as Lonnie Reception The film has a 67% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Jake Nevins of Paste gave it a rating of 6.5. On Vudu the reviewers have given it a 3.5 star rating. References External links American comedy-drama films 2015 directorial debut films 2015 films 2015 comedy-drama films 2010s English-language films 2010s American films", "title": "Divine Access" }, { "docid": "30702141", "text": "\"German Guy\" is the 11th episode of the ninth season of the animated comedy series Family Guy. It originally aired on Fox in the United States on February 20, 2011. The episode follows high school student Chris Griffin, as he attempts to find a new hobby. He soon comes across a puppeteer named Franz, who befriends Chris and introduces him to his vast puppet collection. Meanwhile, Chris' neighbor, Herbert, tries to warn him of Franz's past as a World War II Nazi, but his attempts are largely unsuccessful. The episode was written by Patrick Meighan and directed by Cyndi Tang. It received mostly mixed reviews from critics for its storyline and many cultural references. According to Nielsen ratings, it was viewed in 6.57 million homes in its original airing. The episode featured guest performances by Ralph Garman and Alan Tudyk, along with several recurring guest voice actors for the series. Plot Peter and Lois decide that Chris needs a new hobby; Peter and Chris begin collecting stamps and drinking, but Chris is not interested in either. He soon discovers a puppet shop, and befriends the shop's owner, Franz Gutentag. The two bond over the puppets, creating their own puppets and stories (which Chris describes as the \"Germanest thing he's ever seen\"), but Herbert realizes that Franz is someone from his past. Herbert confronts Peter and Lois, telling them that Franz is a Nazi SS lieutenant named Franz Schlechtnacht, whom he had met during World War II after being shot down in his plane. He was then taken to a concentration camp by the Nazis, after he was believed to be gay, that was run by Franz, and was forced to undergo hard labor. Peter and Lois are reluctant to believe Herbert, instead deciding to invite Franz over for dinner. The next day, Chris visits Franz, and asks him if he is a Nazi. Franz immediately rejects the notion, and Peter enters the home to invite Franz over for dinner. Needing to use the restroom, Chris soon discovers a room filled with Nazi memorabilia. Soon after, Franz finds that Chris has discovered his secret and decides to take Peter and Chris to the basement to murder them. Successfully able to wrestle the gun from Franz, Chris is faced with whether to shoot his father or Franz, questioning which one is his \"real father.\" Peter then points out that he and Franz look nothing alike; confused, Chris asks when is his birthday — a question that Peter does not know the answer to. When Franz answers the question correctly, Chris shoots Peter, causing Franz to grab the gun from him and taking the two hostage. The next morning, Lois visits Franz, telling him that Chris and Peter did not return home. Franz tells Lois that he has not seen the two, but the two discover a small window in the basement that they have become trapped in. Chris sees Herbert come by and begs Herbert to save them. Dressing in his military", "title": "German Guy" }, { "docid": "56453535", "text": "\"Rocket\" is a song by American recording group En Vogue. It was written by singer-songwriter Ne-Yo and recorded for their seventh studio album Electric Café (2018), while production was handled by Curtis \"Sauce\" Wilson. The R&B song served as the album's lead single and was released on December 1, 2017 through En Vogue Records and eOne Music. In the United States, the song peaked at number eight on Billboards Adult R&B Songs chart, becoming En Vogue's first top 10 hit in twenty years. Background \"Rocket\" was written by R&B singer Ne-Yo and produced by his frequent collaborator Curtis \"Sauce\" Wilson. While En Vogue reteamed with their founders Denzil Foster and Thomas McElroy to work on the majority of their seventh studio album Electric Café (2018), the duo suggested them to record additional tracks. Band member Terry Ellis commented in a 2018 interview: \"While sourcing music for our record, they heard that particular track and thought it would be great for us and he called us and said 'Hey, I found this great track for you guys. You’ve got to record it.' And we heard it and we were like 'Oh my gosh! Let’s get in there!\" On their decision to release the song as the album's first single, she further elaborated: \"It was so different yet it was still giving you those En Vogue signature harmonies. And simply because it was a great song. A really a great song and you know, we've never really released a ballad before as a first single. So, we just thought it would be different.\" Critical reception The song earned generally positive reviews from music critics. Soul Bounce critic Ken Hamm described \"Rocket\" as \"contemporary [...] sexy little number [...] about reaching a mutual climax with your lover using the metaphor of space travel [...] The ladies easily take the listener there with their celestial voices.\" PennState's CommRadio editor Scott Perdue found that the song \"has a more sensual and seductive sound, very much reminiscent of En Vogue’s earlier work\" and displayed \"a more powerful performance from the trio.\" Spectrum Cultures Dominic Griffin named \"Rocket\" an \"assured, silky jam [with] some truly stirring vocal harmonies\" as well as obe the \"album's most exciting songs.\" Caroline Sullivan from The Guardian considered \"Rocket\" a \"lush, straight-up sex jam,\" while AllMusic editor Andy Kellman called the song a \"coasting bliss-out\" and ranked it among his favorite tracks on parent album Electric Café. Chart performance \"Rocket\" debuted at number 28 on the US Billboard Adult R&B Songs in the week ending January 21, 2018, making it the group's first entry on the list since \"Ooh Boy\" reached number 22 in 2004. For the week ending May 3, 2018, the song reached number 10 on chart, becoming the En Vogue's first top 10 hit on the Adult R&B Songs chart since \"Don't Let Go (Love)\" spent six weeks in the top 10 in February and March 1997 as well as the band's first top ten on any Billboard airplay", "title": "Rocket (En Vogue song)" }, { "docid": "41515410", "text": "\"The Dog and Pony Show\" is the eighth episode of the third season of the American sitcom The Drew Carey Show, and the 54th overall. The series focuses on the work and home life of a fictionalized version of actor and comedian Drew Carey. The episode first aired on November 12, 1997 on ABC in the United States. The episode's plot sees Mr. Wick (Craig Ferguson) pass off caring for his boss Mrs. Lauder's (Nan Martin) Hungarian Puli to his employee Drew (Drew Carey). When Drew has the prize-winning dog shaved and neutered, he and his friends decide to perform a striptease at the local bar, The Warsaw Tavern, to earn quick cash to buy a replacement. The episode was co-written by producers Robert Borden and Deborah Oppenheimer, while Steve Zuckerman directed. It was inspired by the British comedy film The Full Monty and Carey invited four of the film's cast members to appear in the episode. \"The Dog and Pony Show\" was shot on October 15, 1997 at the Warner Bros. Television studios in Burbank, California. The set was closed to the usual taping audience while the cast performed their striptease routine. \"The Dog and Pony Show\" was seen by an estimated 12.4 million viewing households, finishing in 15th place in the ratings for the week it aired. Critical response was mostly positive, with reporters praising the script and the striptease routine. Plot When Mr. Wick (Craig Ferguson) is asked to look after Mrs. Lauder's (Nan Martin) prize-winning Hungarian Puli, he decides to pass the task on to his employee Drew (Drew Carey). Kate O'Brien (Christa Miller) offers to take the dog, Lucky, to Drew's house; but she has to leave suddenly to pick up her boyfriend Oswald (Diedrich Bader). Drew does not see Kate's note and assumes Lucky is a stray. He takes it to the vet to get it shaved and neutered. When Kate sees the dog, she fears that she, Drew and Mr. Wick will be fired. She finds an advertisement for a pure bred Hungarian Puli, but it costs $4,500. Since no one has that kind of money, Oswald suggests they sell their bodies for money. Inspired by The Full Monty, the guys decide to perform a striptease at The Warsaw Tavern to make the money they need. Lewis Kiniski (Ryan Stiles) backs out of the performance at the last minute, but Larry Almada (Ian Gomez) steps in as his replacement. With the bar full, the guys begin their routine, but are soon stopped by the police, who explain that due to zoning regulations, stripping is illegal at The Warsaw. Drew and the guys go before the city council, but their request is denied. Drew questions how the council can deny something without seeing it and the guys, including Lewis, decide to demonstrate their striptease routine before the council members. Their request is then approved. After performing the striptease at the bar, Drew counts out the money and finds that they have $4,800. Mr. Wick", "title": "The Dog and Pony Show" }, { "docid": "6734930", "text": "Irene Sharaff (January 23, 1910 – August 16, 1993) was an American costume designer for stage and screen. Her work earned her five Academy Awards and a Tony Award. Sharaff is universally recognized as one of the greatest costume designers of all time. Background Sharaff was born in Boston to parents of Armenian descent. She studied at the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts, the Art Students League of New York, and the Académie de la Grande Chaumière in Paris. Career After working as a fashion illustrator in her youth, Sharaff turned to set and costume design. Her debut production was the 1931 Broadway production of Alice in Wonderland, starring Eva Le Gallienne. Her use of silks from Thailand for The King and I (1951) created a trend in fashion and interior decoration. Sharaff's work was featured in the movies West Side Story (Academy Award, 1961), Cleopatra (Academy Award, 1963), Meet Me in St. Louis, Hello, Dolly!, Mommie Dearest, The Other Side of Midnight, Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (Academy Award, 1966), Guys and Dolls, The Best Years of Our Lives, The King and I (Academy Award, 1956), An American in Paris (Academy Award, 1951), Funny Girl and Porgy and Bess. She also designed sets and costumes for American Ballet Theatre, the New York City Ballet, and the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo, and contributed illustrations to fashion magazine's such as Vogue and Harper's Bazaar. Among her Broadway design credits are Idiot's Delight, Lady in the Dark, As Thousands Cheer, A Tree Grows in Brooklyn, Virginia, Flower Drum Song, and Jerome Robbins' Broadway. The TDF/Irene Sharaff Lifetime Achievement Award was named for Sharaff. She was its first recipient in 1993. The award is now bestowed annually to a costume designer who, over the course of his or her career, has achieved great distinction and mastery of the art in theatre, film, opera or dance. Death Sharaff died in New York City of congestive heart failure, complicated by emphysema, at the age of 83. She bequeathed her collection of books, along with that of her partner, Mai-Mai Sze, to the New York Society Library. Filmography 1981 Mommie Dearest 1977 The Other Side of Midnight 1970 The Great White Hope 1969 Hello, Dolly! 1969 Justine 1968 Funny Girl 1967 The Taming of the Shrew 1967 A Happening in Central Park (TV Special) 1966 Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? 1965 The Sandpiper 1963 Cleopatra 1961 Flower Drum Song 1961 West Side Story 1960 Can-Can 1959 Porgy and Bess 1956 The King and I 1955 Guys and Dolls 1954 A Star is Born (Costume and Production Designer) 1954 Brigadoon 1953 Call Me Madam 1951 The Guy Who Came Back 1951 An American in Paris 1950 Key to the City 1949 In the Good Old Summertime 1948 Every Girl Should Be Married 1948 A Song Is Born 1947 The Unfinished Dance 1947 The Romance of Rosy Ridge 1947 The Hucksters 1947 The Secret Life of Walter Mitty 1947 Song of the Thin Man", "title": "Irene Sharaff" }, { "docid": "22685300", "text": "Ma jeunesse fout le camp... is the seventh studio album by French singer-songwriter Françoise Hardy, released in November 1967 on Disques Vogue. The title is very idiomatic, but it in English its general meaning is 'My youth is slipping away'. The album was released halfway between her initial years in the yé-yé phenomenon and her more singer-songwriter albums like La question, and has been described as \"her farewell to the yéyé years.\" Track list Except as noted, words and music were written by Françoise Hardy, and she is accompanied by the Charles Blackwell orchestra. \"Ma jeunesse fout le camp\" – 3:05Lyrics and music written by: Guy BontempelliFirst performed by: Michèle Arnaud, 1962 \"Viens là\" – 2:25 \"Mon amour adieu\" – 2:20Music written by: Hasell \"La Fin de l'été\" – 2:35Original title: \"À la fin de l'été… (Tu sais)\"Lyrics by: Jean-Max RivièreMusic written by: Gérard BourgeoisFirst performed by: Brigitte Bardot, 1964 \"En vous aimant bien\" – 2:15Accompanied by: John Paul Jones \"Qui peut dire?\" – 2:05Accompanied by: Jacques Dutronc \"Des ronds dans l'eau\" – 2:25Lyrics by: Pierre BarouhMusic written by: Raymond Le SénéchalFirst performed by: Nicole Croisille and Annie Girardot, 1967 \"Il n'y a pas d'amour heureux\" – 2:20Lyrics: poem by Louis AragonMusic written by: Georges Brassens First performed by: Georges Brassens, 1953 \"Il est trop loin\" – 3:40Original title: \"Sorrow\"Lyrics and music written by: Peter Yarrow and Noel \"Paul\" StookeyFirst performed by: Peter, Paul and Mary, 1962French adaptation by: Daniel Hortis and Danyel Gérard \"Mais il y a des soirs\" – 2:10Accompanied by: John Paul Jones \"Voilà\" – 3:20Accompanied by: Jacques Denjean \"C'était charmant\" – 1:55 Editions LP records: first editions in the English-speaking world , 1968: Ma jeunesse fout le camp..., World Record Club (ORL 6016). , 1968: Ma jeunesse fout le camp..., Phono Vox (LPV 005). , 1968: Ma jeunesse fout le camp…, Disques Vogue/Vogue international industries (VC 6020). , 1968: Il n’y a pas d’amour heureux, United Artists Records (ULP 1191). , 1968: Ma jeunesse fout le camp…, Phono Vox (LPV 005). , 1969: Mon Amour Adieu, Reprise Records (RS 6345). Reissue on CD , 1995: Ma jeunesse fout le camp..., Kundalini/Vogue/Virgin Records (7243 8 40501 2 2). Notes and references Françoise Hardy albums 1967 albums French-language albums Disques Vogue albums", "title": "Ma jeunesse fout le camp..." }, { "docid": "19697849", "text": "An infidel (literally \"unfaithful\") is a person who is accused of disbelief in the central tenets of one's own religion, such as members of another religion, or irreligious people. Infidel is an ecclesiastical term in Christianity around which the Church developed a body of theology that deals with the concept of infidelity, which makes a clear differentiation between those who were baptized and followed the teachings of the Church versus those who are outside the faith. Christians used the term infidel to describe those perceived as the enemies of Christianity. After the ancient world, the concept of otherness, an exclusionary notion of the outside by societies with more or less coherent cultural boundaries, became associated with the development of the monotheistic and prophetic religions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam (cf. pagan). In modern literature, the term infidel includes in its scope atheists, polytheists, animists, heathens, and pagans. A willingness to identify other religious people as infidels corresponds to a preference for orthodoxy over pluralism. Etymology The origins of the word infidel date to the late 15th century, deriving from the French infidèle or Latin īnfidēlis, from in- \"not\" + fidēlis \"faithful\" (from fidēs \"faith\", related to fīdere 'to trust'). The word originally denoted a person of a religion other than one's own, especially a Christian to a Muslim, a Muslim to a Christian, or a gentile to a Jew. Later meanings in the 15th century include \"unbelieving\", \"a non-Christian\" and \"one who does not believe in religion\" (1527). Usage Christians historically used the term infidel to refer to people who actively opposed Christianity. This term became well-established in English by sometime in the early sixteenth century, when Jews or Mohammedans (Muslims; formerly called saracens), were described contemptuously as active opponents to Christianity. In Catholic dogma, an infidel is one who does not believe in the doctrine at all and is thus distinct from a heretic, who has fallen away from true doctrine, i.e. by denying the divinity of Jesus. Similarly, the ecclesiastical term was also used by the Methodist Church, in reference to those \"without faith\". Today, the usage of the term infidel has declined; the current preference is for the terms non-Christians and non-believers (persons without religious affiliations or beliefs), reflecting the commitment of mainstream Christian denominations to engage in dialog with persons of other faiths. Nevertheless, some apologists have argued in favor of the term, stating that it does not come from a disrespectful perspective, but is similar to using the term orthodox for devout believers. Moreover, some translations of the Bible, including the King James Version, which is still in vogue today, employ the word infidel, while others have supplanted the term with nonbeliever. The term is found in two places: Infidels under Catholic Canon Law Right to rule In Quod super his, Innocent IV asked the question, \"[I]s it licit to invade a land that infidels possess or which belongs to them?\" and held that while Infidels had a right to dominium (right to rule themselves", "title": "Infidel" }, { "docid": "66596048", "text": "Hadas Thier (born 1976) is an American writer, journalist, and activist based in Brooklyn, New York. She has written articles for Jacobin, In These Times, Teen Vogue, Dollars & Sense, and The Nation, delivering information and analysis on issues such as economics, American politics, and the Middle East. She is the author of A People's Guide to Capitalism: An Introduction to Marxist Economics (2020). She is also a member of the Democratic Socialists of America. Early life and education Hadas Thier was born in Rehovot, Israel and later immigrated to the United States. She earned a bachelor's degree in history from the City College of New York. At City College, while protesting military recruiters on campus, she was arrested and suspended from campus, along with two other students and one staff member (\"The City College Four\"). A national campaign eventually reinstated all four students and faculty, and the school dropped the charges. Thier has been an activist involved in movements against wars, corporate globalization, and police violence. In an interview with Truthout she said that her success as a self-taught Marxist economist came from her experience as an activist: \"Some of the best aspects of academia is that it encourages a certain intellectual rigor... There’s an organic version of that in the left activist community, which is that you’re accountable to your comrades. Nobody is grading you, but something more important is on the line of actually trying to work out these questions together and figure out the questions of the day.\" Career Throughout her career, Hadas Thier has published news and opinion articles, most prominently for Jacobin Magazine, an American socialist magazine based in New York. Her writing emphasizes the perspectives of Democratic Socialist politicians, such as Bernie Sanders and Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, in American politics. Thier's articles also feature critiques about the current American Democratic party and Republican party alike, often examining specific politicians, such as Joe Biden and Mike Bloomberg. Thier is a contributing author to two books on the topic of Israel and Palestine. She has conducted many interviews most notably about Marxism, capitalism, and economics for podcasts such as A World to Win, Citations Needed, Reply Guys, Haymarket Books Live, New Left Radio, and Jacobin Radio. She also produces a series of video shorts explaining Marxist Economics, called \"Marxism in a Minute.\" Speaking to Nomiki Konst on the Nomiki Show, Thier argued, \"[The economy] needs to be in the hands of the people. But in order for that to take place, in order for us to be able to make the kind of demands that we need to make, to organize our side properly, to ultimately overturn the way that the economy works, we have to understand it.\" Her perspective is marked by an emphasis on the dysfunction of capitalism, through a Marxist lens, and its tendency to result in economic crises and inequality. In 2020, she published A People's Guide to Capitalism: An Introduction to Marxist Economics with Haymarket Books. The book was meant to", "title": "Hadas Thier" }, { "docid": "17434041", "text": "Vogue Italia is the Italian edition of Vogue magazine owned by Condé Nast International. In publication since 1964, it has been called the top fashion magazine in the world. History 1961–1966: The Early Years In 1961, Condé Nast contacted the publishers of Novità (\"Novelties\"), a fashion magazine founded in 1950 by Emilia Kuster Rosselli, to explore the possibilities of investing in a new fashion publication in Italy. The magazine continued to be published as Novità until November 1965 and was edited by Lidia Tabacchi. In November 1965, after 73 years since the birth of Vogue, the name of the magazine was changed to Vogue & Novità. In May 1966 Consuelo Crespi became the editor. 1966–1988: The Franco Sartori Years In 1966, Franco Sartori was appointed editor-in-chief and the magazine changed the name from Vogue & Novità to Vogue Italia. The first issue with the new name was published in May 1966. Sartori held the position of editor for 22 years until 1988. During his leadership Vogue Italia was augmented by a string of sister publications, including L'Uomo Vogue and Vogue Bambini. 1988–2016: Franca Sozzani years In 1988, Franca Sozzani (1950–2016) became the second editor-in-chief for the publication, with the July/August 1988 issue her first. Before editing Vogue Italia, Sozzani worked as editor for Vogue Bambini, and as editor-in-chief for Lei and subsequently for Per Lui, the men's edition of the former. After seeking new possibilities, the Italian journalist accepted the offer to edit Vogue Italia. In July 2008, Sozzani released the all-black issue, featuring only black models in the whole issue. The exclusive pictures of Ethel Granger, the woman with the smallest waist ever. Her fixation for corsets has inspired Vogue Italia'''s September 2011 Issue. On 22 December 2016 Franca Sozzani died at the age of 66. 2017–present: Emanuele Farneti years and re-structure On 20 January 2017, it was officially announced by Jonathan Newhouse, CEO of Condé Nast International, that Emanuele Farneti would be the new editor-in-chief of Vogue Italia and L'Uomo Vogue. Farneti was the director of eight different magazines, being the latest GQ Italia. In July 2017, it was announced that Condé Nast Italia would fold L'Uomo Vogue, Vogue Accessory, Vogue Bambini and Vogue Sposa, in order to focus on top brands, such as Vogue Italia and GQ among others. A year later, Farneti relaunched L'Uomo Vogue as a biannual publication. In July 2021 Farneti left the magazine after the publication of the September issue of the same year. On early September 2021, it was confirmed that the magazine would no longer feature an editor-in-chief but will be led by a head of editorial content, a position assigned to former fashion market director Francesca Ragazzi. In her new role, Ragazzi reported to Anna Wintour and to Vogue European editorial director Edward Enninful. Content Vogue Italia and the Italian fashion industry have historically had a symbiotic relationship, with Vogue Italia contributing to Milan's prominence in the fashion world. Recent influential editorials have included Steven Meisel's September 2006 \"State of", "title": "Vogue Italia" }, { "docid": "17219082", "text": "The Jewish Question is an 1843 book by German historian and theologian Bruno Bauer, written and published in German (original title ). Bauer argued that Jews can achieve political emancipation only if they relinquish their particular religious consciousness, since political emancipation requires a secular state, which he assumes does not leave any \"space\" for social identities such as religion. According to Bauer, such religious demands are incompatible with the idea of the \"Rights of Man.\" True political emancipation, for Bauer, requires the abolition of religion. He described the contemporary concept of Jewish nationalism as \"chimerical\" and \"baseless\", as, according to him, Judaism is a primitive stage of development that would require surmounting one more stage than Christians before reaching the state of renouncing religion. In his commentary On the Jewish Question also published in 1843, Karl Marx, The guy who wrote The Communist Manifesto criticizes Bauer's book (as well as (\"The Capacity of Present-day Jews and Christians to Become Free\") for, among other things, assuming that Jewish religions aren't based on their huckster nature, a stereotype that Marx takes as fact. See also Jewish Question References External links Bruno Bauer, Jewish Encyclopedia (1901–1906) 1843 non-fiction books 1843 essays Books critical of Judaism German essays", "title": "The Jewish Question" } ]	[ "Joe Sabia" ]
train_31302	tour de france is an multi stage event featuring which kind of race	[ { "docid": "857311", "text": "Cycle sport is competitive physical activity using bicycles. There are several categories of bicycle racing including road bicycle racing, cyclo-cross, mountain bike racing, track cycling, BMX, and cycle speedway. Non-racing cycling sports include artistic cycling, cycle polo, freestyle BMX, mountain bike trials, hardcourt bike polo and cycleball. The (UCI) is the world governing body for cycling and international competitive cycling events. The International Human Powered Vehicle Association is the governing body for human-powered vehicles that imposes far fewer restrictions on their design than does the UCI. The UltraMarathon Cycling Association is the governing body for many ultra-distance cycling races. Bicycle racing is recognised as an Olympic sport. Bicycle races are popular all over the world, especially in Europe. The countries most devoted to bicycle racing include Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain and Switzerland. Other countries with international standing include Australia, Luxembourg, United Kingdom, United States and Colombia. History The first bicycle race is popularly held to have been a race on the 31 May 1868 at the Parc de , Paris, France. It was won by expatriate Englishman James Moore who rode a wooden bicycle with solid rubber tires. The machine is now on display at the museum in Ely, Cambridgeshire, England. The was founded on 14 April 1900 by Belgium, the United States, France, Italy, and Switzerland to replace the International Cycling Association, which had been formed in 1892, over a row with Great Britain as well as because of other issues. Since the rise of the Olympic Movement at the 1896 Summer Olympics, cycling has been a contestant event in every Summer Olympic Games. Racing Road bicycle Road bicycle racing involve both team and individual competition, and races are contested in various ways. They range from the one-day road race, criterium, and time trial to multi-stage events like the and its sister events which make up cycling's Grand Tours. The races typically take place from spring through to autumn. Many riders from the Northern Hemisphere spend the winter in countries such as Australia to compete or train. Professional races range from the three-week \"Grand Tour\" stage races such as the , and the to multi-day stage races such as the Tour de Suisse and Tour of California, to single day \"Classics\" such as the Tour of Flanders and Milan–San Remo. The longest one-day road race sanctioned by USA Cycling is LOTOJA which covers the from Logan, Utah, to Jackson, Wyoming. Criteriums are races based on circuits typically less than a mile in length and sometimes run for a set time (60 min, 90 min, etc.) rather than a specific distance. Criteriums are the most popular form of road racing in North America. In Belgium, kermesses are popular, single-day events of usually over . As well as road races in which all riders start simultaneously, individual time trial and team time trial events are also held on road-based courses. Track cycling Track cycling has been around since as early as 1870. The riders competed on wooden", "title": "Cycle sport" }, { "docid": "43282732", "text": "La Course by Le Tour de France was an elite women's professional road bicycle race held in France. First held in 2014 as a one-day race on the Champs-Élysées in Paris, it has been part of the UCI Women's WorldTour since 2016 as a one or two day race. The race was organised by the Amaury Sport Organisation (ASO), the organisers of the Tour de France. It was replaced in 2022 by Tour de France Femmes, a multi day stage race organised by ASO. History In 2013, professional cyclists Kathryn Bertine, Marianne Vos and Emma Pooley and professional triathlete Chrissie Wellington formed an activist group called Le Tour Entier (“the whole tour”), to petition ASO to launch a women's Tour de France. Following substantial media coverage, and a petition signed by over 100,000 people, ASO launched La Course by Tour de France in 2014. The race would be held in conjunction with the Tour de France, with the first edition taking place as a one-day race on the Champs-Élysées in advance of the final stage of the men's race. The race was welcomed by the professional peloton and the media, with Vos stating that the race would be a \"fantastic showcase after last year's [World Championships] and the 2012 Olympics\". In subsequent years, the race took place in a variety of locations such as Pau, Col de la Colombière and Col d'Izoard in conjunction with the men's race, as the ASO argued that this was the \"best way to shine a light on female cycling\". The race was initially praised for the exposure gained by 'sharing the stage' with the Tour de France, with sponsors welcoming the visibility of the Champs-Élysées, and live TV coverage in conjunction with the Tour de France. Criticism However, the races were criticised by riders, teams and the media. Some felt that the race was an 'after thought' and were overshadowed by the men's race. ASO were criticised for not doing enough to promote the race. The 2017 edition was specifically criticised for a lack of facilities for riders and teams, no support to get from the Col d'Izoard to Marseille, as well as issues regarding the pursuit time trial format in Marseille. Riders noted that the stages weren't hard enough for the professional peloton, with former cyclist & commentator Joanna Rowsell stating that \"We need mountain climbs, flat stages, time trials and a Champs-Elysees finish\". The race was also criticised for not being a \"full Tour de France\", with campaigner Kathryn Bertine stating her disappointment that the race had not evolved into a multi day stage race. Pushing back on criticism, ASO stated that logistical issues mean that a men's and women's Tour de France would not be able to be staged simultaneously, and that any race must be financially sustainable. Replacement by Tour de France Femmes In June 2021, ASO announced that the Tour de France Femmes - a multi day stage race - will take place for the first time in 2022.", "title": "La Course by Le Tour de France" }, { "docid": "348799", "text": "An individual time trial (ITT) is a road bicycle race in which cyclists race alone against the clock (in French: contre la montre – literally \"against the watch\", in Italian: tappa a cronometro \"stopwatch stage\"). There are also track-based time trials where riders compete in velodromes, and team time trials (TTT). ITTs are also referred to as \"the race of truth\", as winning depends only on each rider's strength and endurance, and not on help provided by teammates and others riding ahead and creating a slipstream. Individual time trial are usually held on flat or rolling terrain, although sometimes they are held up a mountain road (in Italian: cronoscalata \"chrono climbing\"). Sometimes the opening stage of a stage race is a very short individual time trial called a prologue (8 km or less for men, 4 km or less for women and juniors). Starting times are at equal intervals, usually one or two minutes apart. The starting sequence is usually based on the finishing times in preceding races (or preceding stages in the case of a multi-stage race) with the highest ranked cyclist starting last. Starting later gives the racer the advantage of knowing what time they need to beat (and also makes the event more interesting to spectators). Competitors are not permitted to draft (ride in the slipstream) behind each other. Any help between riders is forbidden. The rider with the fastest time is declared the winner. Professional Bicycle construction is limited by regulations covering dimensions and other features such as weight. UCI Regulations At the professional level, time trials (TTs) are frequently accompanied by motorcycles, some carrying video equipment or race officials, and riders may be followed by a team car carrying coaches and spare parts, but the cyclists are not permitted to draft behind the vehicles. Race regulations typically dictate a minimum distance behind the cyclist which the car must maintain and a minimum gap that must exist between two cyclists before the car may enter that gap. Individual time trials are often used as stages in stage races such as the Grand Tours; these vary from short prologue time trials over no more than eight kilometres (designed to create an attacking racing style earlier in the race) to longer distance events over flat or rolling courses, to timed ascents of mountain roads (mountain time trial). In the 1989 edition of the Tour de France, eventual winner Greg LeMond made up a 50-second deficit to runner-up Laurent Fignon over 24.5 km during the individual time trial on the final stage to win the race by 8 seconds, the smallest margin ever. The Vuelta a España often features a final individual time trial in Madrid in which the winner is often decided, providing much drama and excitement at the end of the stage race. In recent years, Óscar Sevilla and Roberto Heras have seen their lead evaporate in the time trial in Madrid. The Grand Prix des Nations was a semi-Classic event; professionals may also compete in the", "title": "Individual time trial" }, { "docid": "2347049", "text": "The Tour de Pologne (; ), officially abbreviated TdP, is an annual, professional men's multiple-stage bicycle race primarily held in Poland. It consists of seven or eight stages and is usually around 1,200 km in length. The race was first held in 1928 and is considered the oldest and most important bicycle race in Poland. Until 1952 the race was held sporadically, but since then it has been an annual race. Until early 1993 the race was open to amateur cyclists only and most of its winners came from Poland. Since 2009, the race has been taking place between July and August. The international cycling association, the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI), made TdP part of the UCI ProTour in 2005, and part of the UCI World Tour, cycling's highest level of professional men's races, in 2009. In 2016, the three-stage women's competition Tour de Pologne kobiet was organised one day after the last men's stage. Three riders, Dariusz Baranowski, Andrzej Mierzejewski and Marian Więckowski, share the record of most wins, with three each. History Beginnings The initial concept of the TdP's multi-stage format was modelled after the popular Tour de France. The proposal for organizing the event was submitted jointly by the Warsaw Cycling Society and the Przegląd Sportowy sports newspaper published in Kraków. Thanks to their initiative, a Wyścig Dookoła Polski (Race Around Poland, the original name of the TdP) was held in the summer of 1928. The historic first edition of the race took place from 7–11 September 1928. 71 cyclists rode almost 1,500 km — the winner was Felix Więcek from the Bydgoszcz Cycling Club. The honorary patrons of the race included President of the Second Polish Republic Ignacy Mościcki while the President of the Honorary Committee was Marshal Józef Piłsudski. Until the outbreak of World War II, the TdP took place four times, two of which — in the years 1937 and 1939 - were won by the \"Tiger of the Roads\" - Bolesław Napierała. The early races differed significantly from today's. The stages were much longer (often a distance of 300 km), and riders repeatedly caught flat tires on stone-chipped roads, and made stops at local restaurants. Post-WWII After the war, the idea of a cycling competition around Poland was reborn. In 1947, thanks to the cooperation of the Polish Cycling Association, the publishing house Czytelnik and a group of journalists, the race was reactivated after an 8-year break. The winner after just four stages and only 606 km (the shortest route in the history of the TdP) was Stanislaw Grzelak. Until 1993 it was not possible for the organizers of TdP to achieve an adequate rank for their event. This was due to the official stance of the authorities and the favoring of a different cycling event — the Peace Race. Noteworthy moments from that time period: triumphs of foreign cyclists — Francesco Locatelli (1949), Roger Diercken (1960), José Viejo (1972) and André Delcroix (from 1974); the longest edition of the race - 2,311", "title": "Tour de Pologne" }, { "docid": "2505240", "text": "The Deutschland Tour (English: Tour of Germany and sometimes Deutschland-Rundfahrt in German) is the most important multi-stage road bicycle race in Germany. Initially the race was held in May/June, but from 2005 until 2008 it was moved to August as part of the UCI ProTour. On October 16, 2008, the organizers announced that the 2009 edition would be cancelled, following the doping cases that were revealed in the sport of cycling. Marketing chiefs said they were unable to finance the nine-day race due to a lack of interested sponsors after the latest revelations of cyclists testing positive for the blood-booster CERA. A revival for 2017 was announced on 8 March 2016. In 2018, the A.S.O. revived the Deutschland Tour and included a 4-stage-race into a cycling festival. From 23 August to 26 August 2018, the Deutschland Tour took place in the South-Western region of Germany. The 2019 race was held from 29 August to 1 September. History Beginning in 1911 a \"national\" cycling race of over was held in Germany (which was then composed of several territories and kingdoms). Until 1931 several real—more-or-less—Tours were held, but always under very different conditions and organisations. In 1931 the first Deutschlandtour was held, and it is generally agreed upon that the race was exciting and well organised between 1937 and 1939, the start of World War II. Germany never had a significant road cycling history, unlike Belgium, France or Italy, which caused the race's popularity to depend on German successes. This resulted in several parallel tours of West-Germany. But after Jan Ullrich's Tour de France victory, cycling became more popular. Partially as a result of Germany's new-found cycling enthusiasm, in 1999 the Deutschlandtour became invigorated. In 1998 the Bund Deutscher Radfahrer e.V. and the company Upsolut founded the Deutschland Tour gmbh. In March 2016, the Amaury Sport Organisation announced it had signed a 10-year deal with the German Cycling Federation to bring the race back within the next two years. In July the race was confirmed as the Deutschland Deine Tour debuting in 2018, reduced to four stages and relegated to a UCI 2.1 European Tour race. The race is part of the new UCI ProSeries since 2021. Past winners References External links Official Site Recurring sporting events established in 1911 1911 establishments in Germany UCI ProTour races UCI ProSeries races UCI Europe Tour races Cycle races in Germany Recurring sporting events disestablished in 2008 Defunct cycling races in Germany 2008 disestablishments in Germany", "title": "Deutschland Tour" }, { "docid": "71850439", "text": "The Tour du Pays de Montbéliard is a multi-day road bicycle race held annually in the French Department of Doubs. The race was initially on the French national amateur calendar, having replaced the . In 2021, it was added to the UCI Europe Tour calendar as a category 2.2U event, and in 2022 was changed to 2.2, removing the under-23 age limit. The race consists of a short prologue on Friday and two circuit stages on Saturday and Sunday. Winners References External links Recurring sporting events established in 2020 2020 establishments in France UCI Europe Tour races Cycle races in France", "title": "Tour du Pays de Montbéliard" }, { "docid": "571240", "text": "The Tour de France is an annual multiple stage bicycle race primarily held in France. Tour de France may also refer to: Sport Tour de France Femmes, women's road cycling multi-stage tour Tour de France à la voile, sailing Tour de France Automobile, rally Other uses Compagnons du Tour de France, French journeymen's fraternity of medieval origin Charles IX's grand tour of France, a royal tour by Charles IX of the Kingdom of France from 1564 to 1566 Tour de France Soundtracks, a 2003 music album by Kraftwerk, remastered in 2009 and retitled Tour de France \"Tour de France\" (song), a 1983 and 1999 single also by Kraftwerk Tour de France (video game series) based on the cycle race Tour de France (film), a 2016 French film Tour de France (2011 video game) See also Tour France, a residential skyscraper in La Défense, west of Paris, France Tours, France, city in central France Le Tour de la France par deux enfants, 1877 didactic children's novel A Little Tour in France, 1884 book of travel writing by Henry James Le Tour de France 88, 1988 album by France Gall La Course by Le Tour de France, single stage classic, women's road cycling race France national rugby union team tours", "title": "Tour de France (disambiguation)" }, { "docid": "72853997", "text": "La Vuelta Femenina (; \"The Female Tour\") is an elite women's professional bicycle race held in Spain. The race is organised by Unipublic and Amaury Sport Organisation (ASO), which also organises the men's Vuelta a España. It is part of the UCI Women's World Tour. Some teams and media have referred to the race as a 'Grand Tour', as it is one of the biggest events on the women's calendar. However, the race does not meet the UCI definition of such an event. La Vuelta Femenina replaces the Challenge by La Vuelta stage race (previously one day race) run between 2015 and 2022, staged at the same time as the men's tour. History Challenge by La Vuelta In 2015, La Madrid Challenge by La Vuelta was first held as a one-day road race in the centre of Madrid, coinciding with the final day of the Vuelta a España. The race was similar to the La Course by Le Tour de France race held in conjunction with the final days of the Tour de France. In 2016, the race joined the newly established UCI Women's World Tour. From 2018 onwards, a time trial was held as a first stage, remaining in the Madrid region. In 2020, a third day of racing was added and the race was renamed as the Ceratizit Challenge by La Vuelta – after sponsor Ceratizit, and as stages were held outside the borders of the Autonomous Community of Madrid. The 2021 edition increased the number of stages to 4, with the race finishing in Santiago de Compostela. The 2022 edition had 5 stages, from Marina de Cudeyo in the northern Cantabria region to Madrid – with the final day of the race coinciding with the final day of the 2022 Vuelta a España. The race had been criticised by the women's peloton for not being challenging enough, with 3 time Giro Donne winner and 2022 Tour de France Femmes winner Annemiek van Vleuten, stating \"\"if you look at the [2022] course you can conclude that the Vuelta (sic) is not yet ready to call itself a grand tour\". La Vuelta Femenina In June 2022, it was announced that the Challenge by La Vuelta event would increase in length to 7 days, be renamed La Vuelta Femenina, and would be held in May rather than September. This would make it the third Major Tour for professional women following the Giro d'Italia Donne and the Tour de France Femmes. In February 2023, the route for the 2023 edition was announced by race director Fernando Escartín, who also confirmed that the race will be sponsored by supermarket Carrefour. Annemiek van Vleuten praised the route, calling it \"a very complete Vuelta\", and welcomed that the inclusion of the Lagos de Covadonga climb on the final stage, stating \"to end in such a famous location is essential for the race\". Organisers referred to the 2023 edition as the first edition of La Vuelta Femenina, with media noting that the race had grown", "title": "La Vuelta Femenina" } ]	[ { "docid": "35995429", "text": "The 2012 Critérium du Dauphiné was the 64th running of the Critérium du Dauphiné cycling stage race; a race rated as a World Tour event on the UCI calendar, the highest classification such an event can have. The race consisted of eight stages, beginning with a prologue in Grenoble on 3 June, and concluded in Châtel on 10 June. The race was organised by the Amaury Sport Organisation, the same group that organises the Tour de France. It was viewed as a great preparation for July's Tour de France, hence why a majority of the contenders for the general classification of the major tour participated in the Dauphiné. It featured mountainous stages as well as an individual time trial quite similar in length to those that awaited the riders in the Tour. The race was won for the second successive year by rider Bradley Wiggins, who claimed the leader's yellow and blue jersey after the first stage, extending his race-leading advantage after winning the fourth stage individual time trial, and ultimately maintained that advantage. Wiggins became only the third rider to win the Dauphiné and Paris–Nice – a race that Wiggins had won in March – in the same year after Jacques Anquetil (1963 and 1965) and Eddy Merckx (1971) had previously done so. Wiggins' winning margin over his team-mate and runner-up Michael Rogers was one minute and seventeen seconds, and 's Cadel Evans completed the podium, nine seconds down on Rogers. In the race's other classifications, rider Cayetano Sarmiento won the King of the Mountains classification, Evans won the green jersey for the points classification, 's Wilco Kelderman won the young rider classification, with finishing at the head of the teams classification by over thirteen minutes, after placing four riders inside the final overall top ten placings. Participating teams As the Critérium du Dauphiné was a UCI World Tour event, all eighteen UCI ProTeams were invited automatically and obligated to send a squad. Four other squads were given wildcard places into the race, and as such, formed the event's 22-team peloton. All twenty-two squads that competed in the Dauphiné contested the Tour de France later in the year. The twenty-two teams that competed in the race were: Schedule The route for the race was announced on 27 March 2012. Stages Prologue 3 June 2012 — Grenoble, , individual time trial (ITT) The Dauphiné began with its traditional short individual time trial stage, with a near-flat course around the streets of Grenoble; the city was hosting the prologue of the race for the fourth time in fifteen years following prior starts in 1997, 2000 and 2007, the last of which was won by the 2011 race winner Bradley Wiggins, then riding for the team. With rain expected to disrupt the stage, as it had done so in the 2011 prologue, teams decided to spread their time trial specialists across the field in order to maximise their potential of winning the stage. For the first rider to depart the start in", "title": "2012 Critérium du Dauphiné" }, { "docid": "1102853", "text": "Hendrik Gerardus Joseph \"Joop\" Zoetemelk (; born 3 December 1946) is a Dutch former professional racing cyclist. He started and finished the Tour de France 16 times, which were both records when he retired. He also holds the distance record in Tour de France history with 62,885 km ridden. He won the 1979 Vuelta a España and the 1980 Tour de France. Besides winning the Tour de France he also finished the Tour in 8th, 5th, 4th (three times) and 2nd (six times) place for a total of eleven top 5 finishes which is a record. He was the first rider to wear the Tour de France's polka dot jersey as the King of the Mountains and even though he never won this classification in the Tour de France, he did win it in the 1971 Vuelta a España and was considered one of the best climbers of his generation. If not for a ten minute time penalty for a doping infraction in 1977, he would have finished in the top 5 in each of the first 12 Tours he entered. He won the World Professional Road Championship in 1985 at the age of 38, with a late attack surprising the favorites of LeMond, Roche, Argentin and Millar. He completed a total of 16 World Championships which is notable considering more than half the field abandons nearly every World Championship and in addition to his win he has come in the top 10 seven other times. As of 2020, he is the oldest men's individual road race world champion. His record number of starts in the Tour de France was surpassed when George Hincapie started for the 17th time, but Hincapie was disqualified from three tours in October 2012, for doping offenses, giving the number of starts record back to Zoetemelk. Nobody other than Zoetemelk achieved sixteen Tour de France finishes until Sylvain Chavanel did so in the 2018 Tour de France. Currently, three riders have had more than 16 starts in the Tour de France, but no one has yet exceeded the record of finishing the event 16 times. He retired from the sport to run a hotel at Meaux, France. Early life and career Zoetemelk was raised in Rijpwetering, the son of Maria and Gerard Zoetemelk. He started working as a carpenter. He became a speed-skater and a regional champion before turning to cycling in 1964. He joined the Swift club in Leiden and made a fast impression, winning youth races in his first season. He rode particularly well as a senior in multi-day races. He won the Tour of Yugoslavia, the Circuit des Mines, three stages and the mountains prize in the Tour of Austria, and the 1969 Tour de l'Avenir. He also won a gold medal at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City in the 100 km team time-trial with Fedor den Hertog, Jan Krekels and René Pijnen. Professional career Zoetemelk turned professional for Briek Schotte's Belgian Mars–Flandria team in 1970. Initially he was riding", "title": "Joop Zoetemelk" }, { "docid": "18027287", "text": "Christopher Clive Froome [kɹɪs fɹuːm], (born 20 May 1985) is a Kenyan-British professional road racing cyclist who currently rides for UCI ProTeam . He has won seven Grand Tours: four editions of the Tour de France (in 2013, 2015, 2016 and 2017), one Giro d'Italia (2018) and the Vuelta a España twice (2011 and 2017). He has also won several other stage races, and the Vélo d'Or three times. Froome has also won two Olympic bronze medals in road time trials, in 2012 and 2016, and took bronze in the 2017 World Championships. Froome was born in Kenya to British parents and grew up there and in South Africa. Since 2011 he has been a resident of Monaco. At the age of 22, Froome turned professional with Team Konica Minolta. In 2008, he joined the team . The same year he moved to Italy and started to ride under a British licence. In 2010, he moved to and quickly became one of the team's key cyclists. Froome made his breakthrough as a Grand Tour contender during the 2011 Vuelta a España where he finished second overall, later promoted to first, retrospectively becoming the first British cyclist to win a Grand Tour cycling event. At the 2012 Tour de France, riding as a super-domestique for Bradley Wiggins, Froome won stage seven and finished second overall, behind Wiggins. His first recognised multi-stage race win came in 2013, in the Tour of Oman, followed by wins in the Critérium International, the Tour de Romandie, the Critérium du Dauphiné, and the Tour de France. In the 2014 Tour de France, he retired after multiple crashes. In 2015, he won his second Critérium du Dauphiné and his second Tour de France. He won a third Tour de France in 2016 and became the first man since Miguel Induráin in 1995 to successfully defend his title. He won his fourth Tour de France in 2017, followed by successive wins at the 2017 Vuelta a España and the 2018 Giro d'Italia, his first victories in both races. These achievements made him the first cyclist to win the Tour–Vuelta double since the Vuelta was moved to September, the first rider to achieve any Grand Tour double in nearly a decade, and the first to hold all three Grand Tour winners' jerseys at the same time since Bernard Hinault in 1983. Throughout his career Froome has faced a series of allegations that he exploited a loophole in cycling's anti-doping regulations to use performance-enhancing drugs and in 2023 his former coach was banned for violating anti-doping rules and tampering with anti-doping investigations In 2019 a serious training crash before the Critérium du Dauphiné halted Froome's career, after he broke numerous bones including his pelvis, femur and four ribs. Although he managed to recover following surgery to return to the peloton in 2020, he struggled to regain his former form. He left Ineos Grenadiers at the end of 2020 to join Israel Start-Up Nation but his form struggles continued through the", "title": "Chris Froome" }, { "docid": "1053132", "text": "The Tour of Britain is a multi-stage cycling race, conducted on British roads, in which participants race across Great Britain to complete the race in the fastest time. The event dates back to the first British stage races held just after the Second World War. Since then, various different events have been described as the Tour of Britain, including the Milk Race, the Kellogg's Tour of Britain and the PruTour. The most recent version of the Tour of Britain began in 2004 as part of the UCI Europe Tour. From 2014, the race was rated 2.HC by the UCI. The race became part of the new UCI ProSeries in 2020. Tour of Britain (1945–1999) Origins The Tour of Britain has its origins in a dispute between cyclists during the Second World War. The British administrative body, the National Cyclists' Union (NCU), had feared since the 19th century that massed racing on the roads would endanger all racing, including early-morning time trials and, originally, the very place of cyclists on the road. A race organised from Llangollen to Wolverhampton on 7 June 1942, in defiance of the NCU, led to its organisers and riders being banned. They formed a new body, the British League of Racing Cyclists (BLRC), which wanted not only massed racing but a British version of the Tour de France. The first multi-day stage race in Britain was the Southern Grand Prix in Kent in August 1944. It was won by Les Plume of Manchester. The first stage was won by Percy Stallard, the organiser of the Llangollen-Wolverhampton race in 1942. The experience encouraged the BLRC to run a bigger race, the Victory Cycling Marathon, to celebrate the end of the war in 1945. It ran from Brighton to Glasgow in five stages and was won by Robert Batot of France, with Frenchmen taking six of the top 10 places, the mountains competition and best team. Chas Messenger, a BLRC official and historian, said: \"No one had ever put on a stage race in this country, other than the Southern Grand Prix, and even fewer people had even seen one. So raw were they that Jimmy Kain (the organiser) even wrote to the Auto-Cycle Union – the body for motorcycle racing – and the flags used by them were taken as a guide to what was needed. Kain recalled the precarious budget: \"£44 entry fees and £130 of my own money and £16 when I went round with the hat after the Bradford stage.\" The writer Roger St Pierre said: \"It was reported that 20,000 watched the start but I've seen a picture which would indicate it was probably three or four times that number. What outsiders didn't see though was just what a ramshackle affair it all was, with riders finishing stages often miles longer than billed then having to find a bed for the night – with the poorer riders ending up spending the night huddled in barns, haylofts or even under the hedgerows.\" The BLRC", "title": "Tour of Britain" }, { "docid": "13386498", "text": "The Tour de Picardie was a professional multi-stage cycle road race that was held between 1936 and 2016 in Picardy, France. In its last twelve editions, it was organised as a 2.1 event on the UCI Europe Tour. The race was called Tour de l'Oise from its founding in 1936 until 1999, when it was renamed the Tour de Picardie et de l'Oise, and then the Tour de Picardie in 2000, which it remained until its demise. It is not to be confused with a different race, also called the Tour de Picardie (or Grand Prix du Courrier Picard), which was staged from 1946 to 1965. Winners References External links Tour de Picardie/Tour de l'Oise results memoire-du-cyclisme.net Tour de Picardie (1953–1964) results by memoire-du-cyclisme.net UCI Europe Tour races Cycle races in France Recurring sporting events established in 1936 1936 establishments in France Recurring sporting events disestablished in 2016 2016 disestablishments in France", "title": "Tour de Picardie" }, { "docid": "9580188", "text": "La Méditerranéenne, previously known as Tour Méditerranéen, was a professional road bicycle racing event held in Spain, France and Italy, close to the Mediterranean. Run over four days, it holds a 2.1 rating on the UCI Europe Tour. The event is part of a series of stage races being held in the south of France in February, alongside the Étoile de Bessèges, the Tour du Haut Var and the Tour La Provence. These early-season races are competed mainly by French teams and are considered preparations for Paris–Nice, the first European World Tour event in March. History The Tour Méditerranéen (\"Tour of the Mediterranean Sea\") was created by former Tour de France winner Lucien Aimar in 1974. The event was named Trophée Méditerranéen for its first four editions. Run in February, the five-day stage race was won by several eminent riders, including Eddy Merckx, Gianni Bugno, Tony Rominger, Laurent Jalabert and Paolo Bettini. Gerrie Knetemann holds the record with three victories. In 2012 licensing problems between the organizers and the French Cycling Federation emerged, nearly spelling the cancellation of the event before a deal was ultimately reached. Financial difficulties led to the discontinuation of the race in 2015 after organizers failed to pay debts from the previous edition. In 2016 the race was revived as La Méditerranéenne and scaled back to four days. The rejuvenated edition was won by Ukrainian Andriy Hrivko. Route From 1974 until 2014 the race was held in the southern French region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, but also occasionally featured stages in Liguria, Italy. Traditionally, a summit finish on the Mont Faron in Toulon was staged every year. As from 2016, the re-invented La Méditerranéenne is contested over four days. The 2016 edition spanned three countries, starting with a team time trial in Banyoles, Spain, before heading into France for two stages close to the Mediterranean coast. The final stage started and finished in Bordighera, on the Italian riviera. Winners Tour Méditerranéen La Méditerranéenne References External links UCI Europe Tour races Cycle races in France Mediterranean Recurring sporting events established in 1974 1974 establishments in France 2016 disestablishments in France Recurring sporting events disestablished in 2016 Defunct cycling races in France", "title": "La Méditerranéenne" }, { "docid": "9124140", "text": "The 2008 Tour de France was the 95th running of the race. The event took place from 5 to 27 July. Starting in the French city of Brest, the tour entered Italy on the 15th stage and returned to France during the 16th, heading for Paris, its regular final destination, which was reached in the 21st stage. The race was won by Carlos Sastre. Unlike previous years, time bonuses were no longer awarded for intermediate sprints and for high placement on each stage. This altered the way the General Classification was awarded in comparison to previous seasons. Teams Long running disputes between the event organisers, the ASO and the UCI reached a head when the race organisers insisted upon the right to invite, or exclude, whichever teams it chose for the event. Under UCI rules, any ProTour event must be open to all member teams of the UCI's top level. The ASO made it clear that, despite changes in team management and personnel, it intended to exclude from the event as a result of its involvement in the doping scandals that marred the 2007 Tour and its links to the 2006 Operación Puerto doping case. This meant that the champion (Alberto Contador) and third-place finisher (Levi Leipheimer) from 2007, both of whom had since signed with Astana, could not compete in the 2008 Tour. The ASO announced on 20 March 2008 that all ProTour teams except Astana would be invited, along with three wildcard teams: , , and (subsequently renamed as ). With each team consisting of nine riders, 180 riders started the Tour. The teams entering the race were: UCI ProTour teams Invited teams Pre-race favourites Because was not invited to the 2008 Tour de France, the winner of the 2007 Tour de France, Alberto Contador, the 3rd-place finisher Levi Leipheimer and the 2004 and 2006 Tour de France runner up Andreas Klöden did not compete. Ten days before the start of the tour, Contador picked Cadel Evans as the likely winner for 2008. Shown in the table below are the riders that, according to the bookmakers in the months before the start of the 2008 Tour de France, had a chance of winning the 2008 Tour better than or equal to 25/1. The odds shown are the odds in July 2008, directly before the start of the race. Thomas Dekker and Michael Rogers were also given odds in this range, but were not included in the Tour de France. Route and stages The 2008 Tour de France was almost entirely in France, with only a small part in Italy. In previous years, the Tour started with a prologue, followed by a week of flat stages. The flat stages were dominated by the sprinters' teams, and the yellow jersey was worn by a sprinter who had a good prologue. At the presentation of the Tour de France 2008 schedule, Tour Director Christian Prudhomme announced that the 2008 Tour would be different: \"We have wanted a first week of racing", "title": "2008 Tour de France" }, { "docid": "43216348", "text": "The Tour de Yorkshire is a road cycling race in the historic county of Yorkshire, England which first took place in May 2015. It is promoted by the Amaury Sport Organisation (ASO) and is rated as a 2.HC event as part of the UCI Europe Tour. The idea for the race arose as a legacy event following the success of the visit of the 2014 Tour de France to the county. The first two stages of the 2014 Tour, also organised by ASO, from Leeds to Harrogate, and York to Sheffield, were nicknamed Le Tour de Yorkshire. From 2015 to 2017 it was a three-day race but in 2018 it expanded to four days. The race took place in the days before the May Day bank holiday which, in Britain, is on the first Monday in May. The race was to become part of the new UCI ProSeries in 2020 but that was cancelled due to COVID-19. The 2021, 2022 and 2023 tours were also cancelled. History 2015 Taking place from 1–3 May, the route was Bridlington–Scarborough, Selby–York, and Wakefield–Leeds. The overall winner was Lars Petter Nordhaug of Team Sky. Samuel Sánchez () was second and Thomas Voeckler () was third. Nordhaug also won the points classification and Team Sky won the teams classification. The mountains classification was won by Nicolas Edet (). 2016 This took place from 29 April – 1 May (British Cycling had rejected an application by the organisers Welcome to Yorkshire and ASO to increase the race to four days for 2016), and the route was Beverley–Settle, Otley–Doncaster, and Middlesbrough–Scarborough. 2017 The 2017 Tour was on 28–30 April, with starting or finishing places of Bradford, Bridlington, Harrogate, Scarborough, Sheffield and Tadcaster. It was later announced the route would be Bridlington–Scarborough, Tadcaster–Harrogate and Bradford–Sheffield with the women's race on the Tadcaster–Harrogate section. 2018 The tour was extended to four days running from Thursday 3 May to Sunday 6 May. On 28 September 2017, the start and finish points of the stages were announced as Barnsley, Beverley, Doncaster, Halifax, Ilkley, Leeds, Richmond, and Scarborough. It was later announced that the stages would be Beverley–Doncaster, Barnsley–Ilkley, Richmond–Scarborough and Halifax–Leeds, the women's race would be on part of the first two stages. It is estimated that this year's event bought in £98 million to the Yorkshire economy. 2019 In October 2018, it was announced that Barnsley, Bedale, Bridlington, Doncaster, Halifax, Leeds, Scarborough and Selby would all be either start or finish points for the stages in the tour of 2019. At the same time, it was revealed that Redcar would be a host town in 2020. In the same month, the world governing body for the sport (UCI), announced that the tour had been upgraded to HC status, the highest status for a multi-stage race which is not part of the world tour. Sir Gary Verity, the race organiser and chair of Welcome to Yorkshire said In December 2018, the stages were announced as running from Thursday 2 May to", "title": "Tour de Yorkshire" }, { "docid": "58926905", "text": "The 2018 Tour La Provence was a road cycling stage race that took place between 8 and 11 February 2018. The race was rated as a 2.1 event as part of the 2018 UCI Europe Tour, and was the third edition of the Tour La Provence. The race was won by French rider Alexandre Geniez, of the . Teams Sixteen teams were invited to start the race. These included two UCI WorldTeams, eight UCI Professional Continental teams and six UCI Continental teams. Route Stages Prologue 8 February 2018 — Castellet to Castellet, Stage 1 9 February 2018 — Aubagne to Istres, Stage 2 10 February 2018 — La Ciotat to Gémenos - Col de l'Espigoulier, Stage 3 11 February 2018 — Aix-en-Provence to Marseille, Classification leadership table In the 2018 Tour La Provence, four different jerseys were awarded for the main classifications. For the general classification, calculated by adding each cyclist's finishing times on each stage, the leader received a blue jersey. This classification was considered the most important of the 2018 Tour La Provence, and the winner of the classification was considered the winner of the race. Additionally, there was a points classification, which awarded a green jersey. In the points classification, cyclists received points for finishing in the top 15 in a mass-start stage. For winning a stage, a rider earned 25 points, with 20 for second, 16 for third, 13 for fourth, 11 for fifth with a point fewer per place down to a single point for 15th place. Points towards the classification could also be accrued at intermediate sprint points during each stage. There was also a mountains classification, the leadership of which was marked by a red jersey. In the mountains classification, points were won by reaching the top of a climb before other cyclists, with more points available for the higher-categorised climbs. The fourth jersey represented the young rider classification, marked by a white jersey. This was decided in the same way as the general classification, but only riders born after 1 January 1995 were eligible to be ranked in the classification. Additional jerseys were also awarded for the best rider in the overall classification from the Provence region (grey jersey), the most combative rider (black jersey) and the rider placed highest cumulatively across the general, points and mountains classification (multi-coloured jersey). References 2018 2018 UCI Europe Tour 2018 in French sport February 2017 sports events in France", "title": "2018 Tour La Provence" }, { "docid": "17084165", "text": "The Tour de Santa Catarina (also Volta Ciclística Internacional de Santa Catarina – Portuguese for International Cycling Tour of Santa Catarina) is a multi-stage road bicycle racing event held in the state of Santa Catarina, in the south of Brazil. The first edition was held in 1987. The competition is famous for the traditional mountain stage at Serra do Rio do Rastro, which is one of Brazil's toughest climbs with an average gradient of 10% over an extent of 7 km. The competition is part of the UCI America Tour. The 21st edition of the race occurred from 15 to 25 November 2007, and featured 11 stages. The 2008 edition has been postponed due to a flood in the region the race take place. A shortened event occurred from 22 to 26 April 2009, replacing the missed edition in the 2008-2009 UCI America Tour. This edition featured only 5 stages over 486 km. A regular edition is expected to take place still in 2009, after September, as part of the 2009–2010 UCI America Tour. Past winners Source: References External links Champions of the Tour of Santa Catarina 2008 Tour of Santa Catarina postponed Cycle races in Brazil Recurring sporting events established in 1987 UCI America Tour races 1987 establishments in Brazil Sport in Santa Catarina (state) Defunct cycling races in Brazil", "title": "Tour de Santa Catarina" }, { "docid": "30858176", "text": "The Volta a Portugal (), also known as Volta a Portugal em Bicicleta (), is an annual multi-stage road bicycle racing competition held in Portugal. The competition takes place during a two-week span. History The competition started in 1927, although its second edition only occurred in 1931. In 1936 and 1937 the tour did not take place. During World War II the race was cancelled between 1942 and 1945. In 1975 the competition was skipped due to the Carnation Revolution. In the period 1940–1980 the competition was staged over three weeks. Since the 1980s it was reduced to the period of two weeks. As of 2005 the race consisted only of ten stages. In the last years the race consisted of ten stages and a prologue (a short time trial that starts the race). It is still the longest competition in cycling after the three grand Tours. It is one of the oldest stage races in the world. Although not as important as the three Grand Tours, it has long been a significant competition. In the last few years, however, it has declined in importance, especially because it now takes place immediately after the Tour de France, and before the Vuelta a España, a schedule that precludes the participation of major teams and cyclists. List of winners Wins by cyclist 1 win Adelino Teixeira Alejandro Marque Américo Silva Antoine Houbrechts Augusto de Carvalho Belmiro Silva Carlos Carvalho Cássio Freitas Cayn Theakston César Luís Claus Moller Colin Stüssi David Bernabéu David Plaza Fabian Jeker Fernando Carvalho Fernando Mendes dos Reis Dias Fernando Moreira Firmino Bernardino Francisco Inácio Francisco Miranda Francisco Valada Jesús Manzaneque João Rodrigues João Roque Joaquim Andrade Joaquim Fernandes Joaquim Leão Joaquim Sousa Santos Jorge Silva José Pacheco Manuel Cunha Manuel Zeferino Marco Serpellini Mário Silva Massimiliano Lelli Mauricio Moreira Moreira de Sá Nuno Ribeiro Peixoto Alves Ricardo Mestre Rui Vinhas Sousa Cardoso Venceslau Fernandes Vítor Gamito Vladimir Efimkin Xavier Tondo Zenon Jaskuła Wins by team Wins by country Classifications As of the 2016 edition, the jerseys worn by the leaders of the individual classifications are: Yellow Jersey – Worn by the leader of the general classification. Green Jersey – Worn by the leader of the points classification. Blue Jersey – Worn by the leader of the climbing classification. White Jersey – Worn by the best rider under 23 years of age on the overall classification. References External links Volta a Portugal Cycle races in Portugal UCI Europe Tour races Recurring sporting events established in 1927 1927 establishments in Portugal Summer events in Portugal August sporting events", "title": "Volta a Portugal" }, { "docid": "1785245", "text": "The Tour de Georgia was a U.S. professional road cycling stage race across the state of Georgia. The race began in 2003 and was contested six times until 2008. It was one of the three events in North America ranked as Hors Classe (2.HC) stage race events by the UCI, which is cycling's international governing body, along with the Tour of Missouri and the Tour of California. The event was cancelled in 2009 and 2010, and despite its backers aiming for the race to be held again in 2011, it has not been held since. History Conceived by then-commissioner R. K. Sehgal in 2002, the race was developed by the Georgia Department of Industry, Trade and Tourism (now known as the Georgia Department of Economic Development) for the benefit of the Georgia Cancer Coalition. Beginning with the 2008 race, The Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta will be the race's official beneficiary organization. The Tour de Georgia has boosted tourism in Georgia providing 2.3 million visitors and a $26 million economic impact between 2003 and 2006. The race quickly generated international attention when the U.S. Postal Service cycling team began using it as part of Lance Armstrong's preparation for the Tour de France. Armstrong rode in the race before his Tour campaigns in 2004 and 2005, and Floyd Landis won it before his Tour victory (later disallowed, along with all of Armstrongs wins at a later date) in 2006. On 14 November 2008, the directors of the Tour de Georgia announced that the 2009 race would be canceled, but that the race planned to return in 2010. The reason given was a lack of sponsorship, which had caused the Tour to seek some reductions in 2008 bills. The 2010 event was also cancelled for financial reasons, although the race's backers were aiming for the race to return in 2011. As of July 2012, the race has not been revived. Route This six stage event extends riders over 600 miles in six days. One ends in a steep ascent to the top of Brasstown Bald, the highest point in Georgia. As in the Tour de France, the overall leader wears a yellow jersey. History of results General Classification The current leader and overall winner by time after each stage and at the conclusion of the race is awarded the Yellow Jersey. Sprints Classification The Sprint Leader Jersey is a gray and Aqua-blue Jersey is worn by the rider that receives the most bonus points awarded through his placing in intermediate sprints and finishing in the top 15 places at the end of the stage. Mountains Classification The King of the Mountains Jersey is worn by current leader and overall winner by points awarded by his placing in mountain climbs. The leader wears a Georgia-inspired Peaches Theme Jersey (in substitution of the traditional polka dot theme of the Tour de France jersey). Best Young Rider Classification The Best Young Rider is the best racer in General", "title": "Tour de Georgia" }, { "docid": "11968435", "text": "Tour de Beauce is a men's elite professional road bicycle racing multi-day event held each June in the Beauce region of Quebec, Canada since 1986. It is the oldest stage-race in North America, and is a Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI)-rated 2.2 continental circuit stage race on the UCI America Tour. The Queen Stage of the Tour de Beauce features the ascension of the iconic Mont-Mégantic National Park, a 6-km climb averaging 10% and peaking at 18% on the highest elevation road in the Province of Quebec. The race has five stages, including two half-stages, one of which is usually held in Quebec City. Quebec has hosted a stage of the Tour de Beauce for 25 consecutive years. Classifications The race has five individual classifications, and the leader in each wears a special jersey. Yellow jersey: General classification (overall leader) White jersey: Sprint classification Polka dot jersey: Mountains classification Red jersey: Young rider classification Blue jersey: Winner of Quebec City Stage Past winners General classification Points classification Mountains classification Team classification References External links Cycle races in Canada Recurring sporting events established in 1986 Cycle racing in Quebec UCI America Tour races 1986 establishments in Quebec Beauce, Quebec Sports competitions in Quebec", "title": "Tour de Beauce" }, { "docid": "5939513", "text": "The 1938 Tour de France was the 32nd edition of the Tour de France, taking place from 5 to 31 July. It was composed of 21 stages over .The race was won by Italian cyclist Gino Bartali, who also won the mountains classification. Innovations and changes The bonification system was reduced compared to 1937: the winner of a stage now only received one minute bonification time, added by the margin to the second arriving cyclist, with a maximum of 75 seconds. The cyclists who reached a mountain top that counted towards the mountains classification first, now received only one minute bonification time. The team trial stages, where the teams departed 15 minutes separately, were removed from the race. They would later return in the 1954 Tour de France, in a different form. Instead, the 1938 Tour de France featured two individual time trials. In previous years, some cyclists were in teams and other rode individually. In 1937, there had been problems with individual cyclists being accused of helping other cyclists, culminating in the Belgian cyclists leaving the Tour. To avoid these problems, the categories for individual cyclists were removed for the 1938 Tour de France, and the race was contested by national teams. But because there were many French cyclists that did not fit into the national team, there were two extra French teams, the Bleuets and Cadets. The Bleuets was a kind of French \"B\"-team, while the Cadets consisted of young French promises. Teams The big cycling nations in 1938, Belgium, Italy, Germany and France, each sent a team of 12 cyclists. Other countries, Spain, Luxembourg, Switzerland and the Netherlands, sent smaller teams of six cyclists each. The French had two extra teams of 12 cyclists, the Cadets and Bleuets. The three most powerful teams were the Belgian, the French and the Italian national team. The Italian team was led by Bartali, who had been close to winning the Tour de France in 1937 until he crashed. The Italian cycling federation had requested him to skip the 1938 Giro d'Italia so he could focus on the Tour de France. The teams entering the race were: Belgium Italy Germany France Spain Switzerland Netherlands Luxembourg France Cadets France Bleuets Route and stages The highest point of elevation in the race was at the summit of the Col de l'Iseran mountain pass on stage 15. Race overview Before the Pyrenees, all the favourites remained calm. André Leducq did not lose much time in the first stages, and when he got in a breakaway in the second part of the sixth stage, he took over the lead from Jean Majerus. In the eighth stage, Gino Bartali attacked, and dropped everybody. On the descent of the Col d'Aspin, his wheel collapsed, and Félicien Vervaecke and Ward Vissers overtook him. Bartali came back to finish in third place, but Vervaecke took the lead in the general classification. In that stage, former winner Georges Speicher was caught holding on to a car, and was removed from", "title": "1938 Tour de France" }, { "docid": "45322713", "text": "The 2015 Tour of Oman was the sixth edition of the Tour of Oman cycling stage race. It was rated as a 2.HC event on the 2015 UCI Asia Tour, and was held from 17 to 22 February 2015, in Oman. The race was organised by the municipality of Muscat, in collaboration with ASO (the organisers of the Tour de France) and Paumer. Chris Froome, the defending champion from 2013 and 2014, was not present to defend his title. The decisive stage in this as in past editions was the climb of Jebel Akhdar. That stage was won by Rafael Valls of , who went on to defend his overall race lead to the finish in Muscat. This was aided by the controversial events of stage 5, which was eventually abandoned due to extreme weather conditions. Tejay van Garderen () finished second (as he had in 2014) and Alejandro Valverde () finished third. The points competition was won by Andrea Guardini (), who won the first stage of the race. Louis Meintjes () was the best young rider, while Jef Van Meirhaeghe () won the combativity prize after participating in the breakaway on every stage of the race. was the winner of the teams classification. Teams 18 teams were selected to take part in the event, including 12 UCI WorldTeams. Pre-race favourites The Tour of Oman was the third of a trio of stage races in the Middle East that come early in the road cycling season, following the Dubai Tour and the Tour of Qatar, in 2015 won by Mark Cavendish and Niki Terpstra respectively. The distinctive feature of the Tour of Oman was the annual inclusion of the climb of Jebel Akhdar, the Green Mountain, which meant the general classification was generally won by climbing specialists. Many Grand Tour contenders started their seasons racing in Oman for this reason. In 2013 and 2014, the race was won by Chris Froome () as the beginning of his preparation for the Tour de France. In 2015, however, Froome opted to begin his season at the Vuelta a Andalucía and so missed the Tour of Oman. The race was therefore expected to be contested between other Grand Tour riders, such as Tour de France champion Vincenzo Nibali (), Tejay van Garderen (), Thibaut Pinot (), Rafał Majka (), Joaquim Rodríguez (), Rigoberto Urán () and Leopold König (). Although the general classification was expected to be contested by climbers, many riders rode the Tour of Oman with other aims. Spring classics riders used the race as a last block of racing before the European classics season started with Omloop Het Nieuwsblad, while sprinters aimed to win stages. Notable sprinters at the 2015 race included Alexander Kristoff (), who won three stages in the 2014 Tour of Qatar, Nacer Bouhanni () and Peter Sagan (). Stages 1, 3 and 6 were predicted to be suited for the pure sprinters, while stages 2 and 5 were expected to suit riders who could cope", "title": "2015 Tour of Oman" }, { "docid": "35932324", "text": "La Planche des Belles Filles () is a ski station in the Vosges Mountains, in France. It is located in the Haute-Saône département. Since 2012, the climb to the summit has been used several times during the Tour de France cycle race. Etymology and legend The name Belles Filles literally means \"beautiful girls\", but is actually derived from the local plant life. The mountain is attested from the 16th century as lieu peuplé de belles fahys, a \"place inhabited with nice beech trees\" in the local dialect. Belles fahys later became corrupted into Belles Filles, though there remains a nearby village of Belfahy. Meanwhile, Planche, \"board\", is derived from the nearby small town of Plancher-les-Mines. A folk etymology, in contrast, holds that the mountain took its name from the time of the Thirty Years' War. According to legend, young women from Plancher-les-Mines fled into the mountains to escape Swedish mercenaries as they feared being raped and massacred. Rather than surrender, they decided to commit suicide and jumped into a lake far below. One of the soldiers then took a board on which, with his dagger, he engraved an epitaph for the \"beautiful girls\". A wooden statue, created by a local artist, is a reminder of the legend. Cycle racing From Plancher-les-Mines the climb to the finish at is long, gaining and averages 8.5% with a maximum of 14%, but with a short stretch from 22% to 28% near the finish. Tour de France La Planche des Belles Filles was first used as a finish in Stage 7 in the 2012 Tour de France, from Tomblaine on 7 July. The stage was won by Chris Froome with his team-mate Bradley Wiggins taking the race lead. The steep finish proved popular, and it quickly became a popular climb among cycling fans. The climb has since been used frequently; in 2014 it was the finish of Stage 10 and won by then race leader Vincenzo Nibali; in 2017 it was the finish of Stage 5 of the Tour, with Fabio Aru winning by 16 seconds from Dan Martin, and Chris Froome taking the yellow jersey. It featured again in 2019, won by Dylan Teuns. It was the penultimate stage finish in a mountain time-trial in stage 20 of the 2020 Tour de France, which was won by Tadej Pogačar, who also took the yellow jersey and the polka-dot jersey. Le Tour de France Femmes La Planche des Belles Filles featured in the premiere event of Le Tour de France Femmes in 2022 as the finish of the final stage (stage 8) on 31 July. References External links Official website Cycling profile, map, photos of climb Profile of climb Ski stations in France Skiing in the Vosges Tourist attractions in Haute-Saône Tourist attractions in the Territoire de Belfort Sports venues in Haute-Saône Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region articles needing translation from French Wikipedia", "title": "La Planche des Belles Filles" }, { "docid": "42710926", "text": "Tour Cycliste Féminin International de l'Ardèche is a women's staged cycle race which takes place in the Ardèche region in southeastern France. The race was rated by the UCI as a 2.2 race, until 2018 when it was promoted to 2.1 status. Following the removal of the Grande Boucle Féminine Internationale from the UCI calendar, the first edition of the Tour Cycliste Féminin International de l'Ardèche was staged in 2003. Following the collapse of the Tour de l'Aude Cycliste Féminin and the Route de France Féminine races in 2010 and 2016 respectively, the Tour de l'Ardèche became the only international level multi day stage race for women in France. The race was joined by Tour de France Femmes in 2022. Previous winners References Cycle races in France Women's road bicycle races", "title": "Tour Cycliste Féminin International de l'Ardèche" }, { "docid": "65147882", "text": "The 2020 La Course by Le Tour de France was the seventh edition of La Course by Le Tour de France, a women's cycling race held in France. It took place on 29 August 2020 and was the fourth event on the 2020 UCI Women's World Tour. The event was organised by ASO, which also organises the Tour de France. Originally, the event was supposed held on 19 July, but was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic in France. The race was won by British rider Lizzie Deignan of Trek–Segafredo in a sprint finish. Route The race started and finished in Nice, taking in two laps of a hilly circuit covering in total. It was held before stage 1 of the men's 2020 Tour de France, which took in three laps of the same circuit. The original route for the race would have taken place in Paris featuring circuits along the Champs-Élysées, a choice that was criticised by the professional peloton. Teams Eight UCI Women's WorldTeams and fifteen UCI Women's Continental Teams made up the twenty-three teams that competed in the race. Each team entered six riders except for and , which entered five each. Of the 136 riders in the race, only 62 finished, while a further 51 riders finished over the time limit. UCI Women's WorldTeams UCI Women's Continental Teams Results Prize money The total amount of prize money for the 2020 edition of the race was €20,000 The majority of the prize money was allocated according to the final result. In addition to the 20 first finishers, there were also prizes in the Queen of the Mountains classification (€300, €200, and €100 for the first 3 riders on each of the two climbs) and a €2000 prize for the most combative competitor which was won by Annemiek van Vleuten. See also 2020 in women's road cycling References External links 2020 UCI Women's World Tour 2020 2020 in French sport La Course La Course, 2020", "title": "2020 La Course by Le Tour de France" }, { "docid": "43063247", "text": "Toms Skujiņš (born 15 June 1991) is a Latvian professional road racing cyclist, who rides for UCI WorldTeam . Two-time Latvian champion in group and four-time individual race. He has competed in a multi-day cycle race Tour de France five times. Career In 2013 and 2015, Skujiņš received the Cyclist of the Year award presented by Latvian Cycling Federation. In 2014, Skujiņš dominated the Canadian race Tour de Beauce, winning its queen stage atop Mont Mégantic and the last stage. He was the victor of the general classification and also brought home the points classification and young rider classification jerseys. In 2015 he rode for the and won the third stage of the Tour of California after spending most of the stage in a solo breakaway. He also took the race leader and mountains leader jerseys, which he would hold until the time trial. He would go on to win the 2015 UCI America Tour. He was named in the start list for the 2017 Vuelta a España. In July 2018, he was named in the start list for the Tour de France. He took the polka dot jersey as the leader of the mountains classification following the fifth stage, which he held for five days. He won the combativity award on the fifth stage in both 2018 and 2019. Skujiņš finished second on the eighth stage of the 2020 Tour de France after spending the day in a breakaway. He also rode as a domestique for team leaders Richie Porte and Bauke Mollema, with Porte ultimately finishing third overall in the race. In 2024, he finished second on the 2024 Strade Bianche, 2'44\" behind Tadej Pogačar. Personal life Skujiņš is married to former professional cyclist Abigail Mickey. Major results Source: 2010 1st Stage 1 Tour de Moselle 2nd Tartu GP 3rd Time trial, National Under-23 Road Championships 3rd Memorial Oleg Dyachenko 5th Overall Tour du Gévaudan Languedoc-Roussillon 6th Paris–Tours Espoirs 7th Overall Cinturó de l'Empordà 7th Mayor Cup 7th Coupe des Carpathes 8th ZLM Tour 2011 2nd Ronde van Vlaanderen U23 3rd Time trial, National Under-23 Road Championships 4th Classic Loire Atlantique 8th Tallinn–Tartu GP 2012 5th Riga Grand Prix 2013 National Road Championships 1st Under-23 road race 3rd Road race 1st Overall Course de la Paix U23 1st Stage 3 1st Stage 2 Tour de Blida 3rd Road race, UEC European Under-23 Road Championships 3rd Scandinavian Race Uppsala 5th Road race, UCI Under-23 Road World Championships 7th Overall Tour de Guadeloupe 7th Ronde van Vlaanderen U23 8th Ringerike GP 9th Overall Tour de l'Avenir 9th Hadeland GP 10th Overall Tour of Norway 2014 1st Overall Tour de Beauce 1st Points classification 1st Young rider classification 1st Stages 2 & 5 6th Philadelphia International Championship 2015 (1 pro win) 1st Overall UCI America Tour 1st Winston-Salem Cycling Classic 1st Stage 3 Tour of California 2nd Overall Tour de Beauce 2nd The Reading 120 3rd Philadelphia International Cycling Classic 4th Course de Solidarność et des Champions Olympiques 7th Overall Tour", "title": "Toms Skujiņš" }, { "docid": "2281029", "text": "The 1989 Tour de France was the 76th edition of the Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The race consisted of 21 stages and a prologue, over . It started on 1 July 1989 in Luxembourg before taking an anti-clockwise route through France to finish in Paris on 23 July. The race was won by Greg LeMond of the team. It was the second overall victory for the American, who had spent the previous two seasons recovering from a near-fatal hunting accident. In second place was previous two-time Tour winner Laurent Fignon (), ahead of Pedro Delgado (), the defending champion. Delgado started the race as the favourite, but lost almost three minutes on his principal rivals when he missed his start time in the prologue individual time trial. The race turned out to be a two-man battle between LeMond and Fignon, with the pair trading off the race leader's yellow jersey several times. Fignon managed to match LeMond in the prologue, but in the other three individual time trials he lost time to LeMond, who took advantage of aerodynamic elbow-rest handlebars formerly used in triathlon events. Delgado launched several attacks in the mountain stages to eventually finish third, while LeMond rode defensively to preserve his chances. Fignon rode well in the mountains, including a strong performance at Alpe d'Huez which gave him the race lead on stage 17. In the closest Tour in history, LeMond was trailing Fignon by fifty seconds at the start of the final stage, an individual time trial into Paris. LeMond was not expected to be able to make up this deficit, but he completed the stage at an average speed of , the fastest individual time trial ever ridden in the Tour de France up to that point, and won the stage. Fignon's time was fifty-eight seconds slower than LeMond's, costing him the victory and giving LeMond his second Tour title by a margin of only eight seconds. From stage 5 onward, LeMond and Fignon were the only two men to lead the race. The two riders were never separated by more than fifty-three seconds throughout the event. Owing to its competitive nature, the 1989 Tour is often ranked among the best in the race's history. The team was the winner of the team classification and had four cyclists in the top ten of the general classification. They also won four of the five secondary individual classifications: Sean Kelly won both the points and intermediate sprints classifications, Gert-Jan Theunisse won the mountains classification and Steven Rooks won the combination classification. The young rider classification was won by Fabrice Philipot from the Toshiba team. Teams The 1989 Tour had a starting field of twenty-two teams of nine cyclists. Prior to 1989, the Société du Tour de France, organisers of the Tour, chose freely which teams they invited to the event. For 1989, the sport's governing body, the Fédération Internationale de Cyclisme Professionnel (FICP), demanded that the highest-ranked teams in the FICP Road World", "title": "1989 Tour de France" }, { "docid": "2309274", "text": "Dieter \"Didi\" Senft (born 7 February 1952) is a German cycling fan who is known as Didi the Devil or El Diablo at the Tour de France and Giro d'Italia. Since 1993, he has been seen in the Tour and Giro's many stages wearing his red devil costume and painting trident symbols on the road some miles before he appears. Senft said the inspiration for his costume came from secretly watching the Tour de France on West German TV and hearing a broadcaster refer to the red triangular flag that marks the last kilometer as \"the devil's red flag.\" Biography Senft is an inventor who has created numerous unusual bicycles including the largest rideable bicycle in the world. He has 17 world records from bike-related inventions. According to the Guinness Book of Records, Senft built the largest mobile guitar, taking the form of a bicycle. During multi-day stage races he often travels ahead of the race itself in a custom-decorated camper vehicle, picking various locations for the race to pass by. He is also a regular attendee at important single day races, such as the spring classics and world championships. In 1996, Senft travelled to Atlanta, Georgia, USA, to cheer on the athletes during the 1996 Summer Olympic Games cycling road race on the streets of suburban Buckhead. During the 2006 Tour of Switzerland, Didi Senft painted his signature trident on the road before the competitors were set to go by. However, the local Swiss police told him it was illegal and asked him to remove the marks in order to avoid facing a fine. He was again in the spotlight at Euro 2008 when he rode through Klagenfurt in his specially created \"Football Bike\" prior to the Germany vs Croatia Match. He was seen at the 2011 and 2012 Giro d'Italia and the 2011 Cologne Marathon in a pink devil costume. In 2012, Senft confirmed he would miss the Tour de France for the first time since 1993 after undergoing surgery. \"I just got back from having my head x-rayed, the third time in three weeks, I feel like a Chernobyl reactor,\" he told Cyclingnews.com. \"Today the results were much better and I can start doing more things every day.\" Following his enforced absence from events, Senft was present at the 2012 World Championships, and has been at the Tour de France in each edition since, as of 2023. References External links Didi Senft in full action during the Tour in 2010 The DEVIL: PEZ-Clusive Interview! The Tour-devil's Homepage The Devil jumps beside a pack of riders during the fifth stage of the 95th Tour de France cycling race between Cholet and Chateauroux, July 9, 2008. (REUTERS/Bogdan Cristel) Video of the Tour Devil's crazy bikes Didi Senft is one of the characters of the cycling film \"The Last Kilometer\" 1952 births Living people People from Oder-Spree 20th-century German inventors Sports spectators Tour de France people", "title": "Didi Senft" }, { "docid": "28257995", "text": "The USA Pro Cycling Challenge, also known as USA Pro Challenge, was an annual multi-day professional road bicycle racing stage race that first took place in Colorado in 2011. Originally announced on August 4, 2010 by Colorado Governor Bill Ritter and Lance Armstrong as the Quiznos Pro Challenge, the event carried on the state's cycling legacy, which was most notably highlighted by the Coors Classic that ran from 1980 to 1988. On February 4, 2011 Richard E. Schaden, former owner of Quiznos and the event's co-chairman, announced the investment of an initial $10 million to secure the initial growth and longevity of the race. The USA Pro Cycling Challenge was one of only three current 2.HC rated races in the United States (along with the Tour of California, and the Tour of Utah), and was considered one of the most important pro cycling races in the U.S. After the 2015 edition, Schaden was unable to find a title sponsor for the 2016 edition, and subsequently left as an investor. The organizers were hoping to find a new investor to bring the race back for a 2017 edition, but the race folded after the 2015 edition. Distance: 992 km Winners History 2011 edition In 2011, the event took place between August 22–28, 2011 and featured 16 professional cycling teams consisting of 135 riders; including the top three riders of the 2011 Tour de France: Cadel Evans, Andy Schleck and Fränk Schleck. Riders traveled 518 miles and climbed 36,250 total feet at altitudes of upwards of 12,000 feet during the seven days of competition. The race received 25 hours of national television airtime on Versus and the NBC Sports Network and was seen by over one million people worldwide. On-air commentary was provided by Tour de France announcers Paul Sherwen, Phil Liggett and Bob Roll. Americans swept the podium, with Levi Leipheimer winning the race, Christian Vande Velde finishing second, and Tejay van Garderen finishing third. 2012 edition For 2012, the 683-mile race featured 42,000 feet of climbing, nine mountain passes (three of which exceed 12,000 feet), and three mountain top finishes. Four new cities joined the 2012 race including Durango, Telluride, Montrose and Boulder. The race was held from August 20–26 and featured an Individual Time Trial on the final day of racing in Denver. The race has received a 2.HC from the UCI (French: Hors categorie; English: beyond categorization), the highest rating for a continental tour stage race. Similar to the first edition, Americans swept the podium, with Christian Vande Velde winning the race, Tejay van Garderen finishing second, and Levi Leipheimer finishing third. 2013 edition The race took place from August 19–25, 2013. It began in Aspen, wound its way through the Rocky Mountains at heights of up to , and finished in the streets of downtown Denver. American Tejay van Garderen of won the overall title after finishing lower on the podium the previous two years. Mathias Frank of finished second, becoming the first non-American to finish on", "title": "USA Pro Cycling Challenge" }, { "docid": "20372278", "text": "The 2010 Tour de France was the 97th edition of the Tour de France cycle race, one of cycling's Grand Tours. It started on with an 8.9 km prologue time trial in Rotterdam, the first start in the Netherlands since 1996. The race visited three countries: the Netherlands, Belgium and France, and finished on on the Champs-Élysées in Paris. The total length was including in time-trials. Following an opening prologue time trial, the first three stages passed through the Netherlands and Belgium on routes designed to replicate some features of the spring classic cycle races. This included seven cobblestone sectors totaling , the longest distance of cobblestones in the Tour since 1983, on stage 3. There were six mountain stages, three of them with mountaintop finishes, and two medium mountain stages. In the 100th anniversary year of their first inclusion on the Tour, the emphasis was on the Pyrenees, with two ascents of the Col du Tourmalet. The Tour was initially won by Alberto Contador, who was later revealed to have failed a doping test. After a series of events, the CAS finally decided in February 2012 that Contador would lose his results from 2010, declaring Andy Schleck the new winner. Schleck also won the young riders' competition for the third time running. France's Anthony Charteau won the polkadot jersey as the King of the Mountains whilst the Italian sprinter Alessandro Petacchi won the green jersey for victory in the points classification. Teams Twenty-two teams with a total of nine riders accepted invitations to participate in the 2010 Tour de France. Sixteen of the teams were covered by a September 2008 agreement with the Union Cycliste Internationale, including two no longer part of the UCI ProTour. Six other teams, including the four ProTour teams not guaranteed a place, accepted their invitations. The teams entering the race were: Qualified teams Invited teams : Teams not part of the ProTour. Pre-race favourites Before the start of the race, Contador was the overall race favourite. Among the other favourites were Andy Schleck, Cadel Evans, and Lance Armstrong. The US media, led by the US Tour broadcaster Versus, pitched the race as a showdown between Contador and Armstrong, both multi-tour champions going in. It has been since pointed out, however, that Armstrong's chances were perhaps exaggerated prior to the race; the two had already met that year in a two-day race in March at the Critérium International and Contador had finished four minutes ahead of Armstrong. Route and stages The official Tour presentation was held on 14 October 2009. It was the third consecutive Grand Tour to begin in the Netherlands, as the 2009 Vuelta a España began in Assen, and the 2010 Giro d'Italia in Amsterdam. The race consisted of nine flat stages, six mountain stages (three summit finishes), four medium mountain stages, and two individual time trials, one of them being the opening prologue in Rotterdam. The highest point of elevation in the race was at the summit of the Col du", "title": "2010 Tour de France" }, { "docid": "1584141", "text": "The Tour de France Femmes () is an annual women's cycle stage race around France. It is organised by Amaury Sport Organization (ASO), which also runs the Tour de France. It is part of the UCI Women's World Tour. Some teams and media have referred to the race as a 'Grand Tour', as it is one of the biggest events on the women's calendar. However, the race does not meet the UCI definition of such an event. After a one off event in 1955, an equivalent race to the Tour de France for women was held under different names between 1984 and 2009. Over the years, these races struggled with financial difficulties, limited media coverage, sexism and trademark issues with the organisers of the Tour de France. Following criticism by campaigners and the professional women's peloton, a one/two day race (La Course by Le Tour de France) was held between 2014 and 2021, and Tour de France Femmes staged its first edition in 2022. The race takes place in July in the week after the men's tour, with the 2022 and 2023 editions of the race featuring eight stages. All stages are timed to the finish; the riders' times are compounded with their previous stage times. The rider with the lowest cumulative finishing times is the leader of the race and wears the yellow jersey (maillot jaune). While the general classification garners the most attention, there are other contests held within the Tour: the points classification for the sprinters, the mountains classification for the climbers, young rider classification for riders under the age of 23, and the team classification, based on the first three finishers from each team on each stage. Achieving a stage win also provides prestige, often accomplished by a team's sprint specialist or a rider taking part in a breakaway. Historic French races Various professional women's cycle stage races across France have been held as an equivalent to the Tour de France for women, with the first of these races staged as a one off in 1955. From 1984, a women's Tour de France was staged consistently, although the name of the event changed several times - such as Tour de France Féminin, Tour of the EEC Women, Tour Cycliste Féminin and Grande Boucle Féminine Internationale. French rider Jeannie Longo won the 1987, 1988 and 1989 editions of the race, gaining fame in the process. Over the years, these races struggled with financial difficulties, limited media coverage, sexism and trademark issues with the organisers Amaury Sport Organisation (the organisers of the Tour de France). The last of these races took place in 2009, with Emma Pooley joking that the race was \"more of a Petite Boucle than Grande.\" La Course by Le Tour de France In 2013, professional cyclists Kathryn Bertine, Marianne Vos and Emma Pooley and professional triathlete Chrissie Wellington formed an activist group called Le Tour Entier (“the whole tour”), to petition ASO to launch a women's Tour de France. Following substantial media coverage, and", "title": "Tour de France Femmes" }, { "docid": "71369986", "text": "Le Tour Entier is an activist group to improve women's cycle racing, and call for a women's Tour de France. The group was founded by multiple world champion Marianne Vos, Olympic silver medallist Emma Pooley, professional cyclist Kathryn Bertine and multiple world Ironman champion Chrissie Wellington in 2013. History In 2009, professional cyclist Kathryn Bertine was frustrated why there was no official 'Women's Tour de France'. She wrote to the organisers of the race - Amaury Sport Organisation (ASO) - with a business plan on how such a race could be created. No response was received. Subsequently, Bertine became an activist for women's cycling, and formed the activist group Le Tour Entier (“the whole tour”) with fellow cyclists Marianne Vos and Emma Pooley and triathlete Chrissie Wellington. They launched a petition in September 2013, calling for a women's Tour de France to be run by Amaury Sport Organisation (ASO), the organisers of the Tour de France. The headline of the petition stated \"After a century, it is finally time to allow women to ride their Tour de France as well\". The group received substantial media coverage, with over 100,000 signatures received. In October 2013, the group met with ASO to work out how a women's race could be included in the Tour. A manifesto was published by the group in September 2013, setting out proposed improvements and initiatives to improve women's cycling. This was sent to the governing body of cycling - Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI), as well as to race organisers. The manifesto called for: A women's Tour de France to be run alongside the men's race Creation of a women's World Tour and other continental tours & championships Men's UCI World Tour events should also stage a women's race Revision of race and stage length restrictions Removal of average age rules for women's UCI teams Encouraging UCI WorldTeams to set up female squads Greater and improved media coverage of women's cycling Greater commercial investment in women's cycling Legacy In July 2014, the first edition of La Course by Le Tour de France was staged on the Champs-Élysées in Paris - ahead of the final stage of the 2014 Tour de France. Organised by ASO, La Course was welcomed by the professional peloton, media and campaigners, with Le Tour Entier praised for being the \"catalyst\" behind the push for the race. The race was won by founding member Marianne Vos. However, La Course did not expand beyond a one day race in subsequent years, and Bertine continued to express disappointment that it had not evolved into a multi day stage race. The professional peloton criticised the lack of difficulty of La Course, with former cyclist & commentator Joanna Rowsell stating that \"We need mountain climbs, flat stages, time trials and a Champs-Elysees finish\". Following discussions between the UCI, teams and race organisers, the UCI Women's World Tour was launched in 2016 - with a substantial increase in the number of race days, media coverage and minimum prize money. The", "title": "Le Tour Entier" }, { "docid": "1988710", "text": "The Tour de Suisse () is an annual road cycling stage race. Raced over eight days, the event covers two weekends in June, and along with the Critérium du Dauphiné, it is considered a proving ground for the Tour de France, which is on the calendar approximately two weeks after the end of the Tour de Suisse. Since 2011 the event is part of the UCI World Tour, cycling's highest level of professional races. From 2021, a women's race has been held at the same time, with the event joining the UCI Women's World Tour from 2023. History The race was first held in 1933 and has evolved in timing, duration and sponsorship. Like the Tour de France and the Dauphiné, the Tour de Suisse has several stages with significant mountain climbs in the Swiss Alps and at least one individual time trial. Several winners of the Tour de Suisse have also won the Tour de France, including Eddy Merckx and Jan Ullrich. In 2005 the Tour de Suisse was included in the inaugural UCI Pro Tour and organisers moved the race to earlier in June. The first winner of the race was Austrian Max Bulla in the 1933 edition. The rider with most wins is Italian Pasquale Fornara with 4 wins in the 1950s. The most recent winner is Mattias Skjelmose, who won for the first time in 2023. Women's race A women's race was first held in 1998, won by Lithuanian rider Rasa Polikevičiūtė. Three further editions were held between 1999 and 2001. The event was restarted in 2021 in conjunction with the men's event, taking place over two days. In 2022, the race was lengthened to four days and in 2023 the race joined the UCI Women's World Tour. The race is considered a proving ground for the Giro Donne, which is on the calendar after the Tour de Suisse. Winners Men's race Women's race Men's race statistics Multiple winners By country See also List of highest paved roads in Switzerland Notes References Sources External links UCI ProTour races Cycle races in Switzerland Recurring sporting events established in 1933 1933 establishments in Switzerland Men's road bicycle races Women's road bicycle races UCI World Tour races UCI Women's World Tour races Annual sporting events in Switzerland Summer events in Switzerland Challenge Desgrange-Colombo races Super Prestige Pernod races", "title": "Tour de Suisse" }, { "docid": "46226462", "text": "Classica Corsica was an elite men's road bicycle racing event held in 2015 on the island of Corsica, a region of France. It was run two days before the Critérium International stage race, which had been held on Corsica every year since 2010. The Classica itself was a legacy event of the 2013 Tour de France, when the race held its Grand Départ and first three stages on the island. The event was UCI 1.1 rated and was part of the 2015 UCI Europe Tour. The route of the race saw the riders depart Ajaccio and finish in Bastia after taking in the Col de Vizzavona and the Col de Bellagranajo, before flattening out in the second half of the stage, which represented essentially a reverse running of the second stage from the 2013 Tour. Winners References External links Cycle races in France UCI Europe Tour races Recurring sporting events established in 2015 2015 establishments in France Recurring sporting events disestablished in 2015 2015 disestablishments in France", "title": "Classica Corsica" }, { "docid": "5936023", "text": "The 1947 Tour de France was the 34th edition of the Tour de France, taking place from 25 June to 20 July. The total race distance was 21 stages over . It was the first Tour since 1939, having been cancelled during World War II, although some Tour de France-like races had been held during World War II. Because the previous races had been canceled, there was no real favourite for the final victory. When René Vietto, the runner-up of 1939, captured the yellow jersey after his victory on the second stage, many thought he could remain first until the last day. Vietto, a climber, was less optimistic and lost his first place to Italian Pierre Brambilla after the time trial in stage 19. With only two stages to go, many now believed that Brambilla would win the race. On the last stage, there was an unexpected attack, and little-known French cyclist Jean Robic captured the lead. Robic had won the Tour de France without ever wearing the yellow jersey during the race, the first time that happened. (In 1953 Robic would lead the race for one more day). Background After the 1939 Tour de France, the Second World War had made it impossible to organise a big cycling event in France, although some attempts had been taken. The rights on the Tour de France, previously owned by l'Auto, had been transferred to the French government. There were two newspapers interested in taking over these rights, so they both organised cycling events. The event organised by l'Équipe, \"La Course du Tour de France\", was more successful, and l'Équipe was given the right to organise the 1947 Tour de France. Teams The national teams format, which had been in use before the Second World War, was used again in 1947. The German team was not invited, and the Italian team was made up of Franco-Italians living in France, as the peace treaty between France and Italy was not yet official, so the countries were technically still at war. The Tour organisers invited ten teams of ten cyclists each. Besides the Italian team, there was also a French team and a Belgian team, and a combined Swiss/Luxembourgian team. The plan was to have a joint Dutch-British team, but the Dutch cyclists protested because the British cyclists were too inexperienced, and the British cyclists were replaced by \"French strangers\". There were also five French regional teams: Île-de-France, West, North-East, Centre/South-West and South-East. Of the 100 cyclists, 53 finished the race. The teams entering the race were: Belgium Netherlands/Strangers of France Italy Switzerland/Luxembourg France Île-de-France West North-East Centre/South-West South-East Route and stages The 1947 Tour de France started on 25 June, and had five rest days, in Besançon, Briançon, Nice, Luchon and Vannes. The highest point of elevation in the race was at the summit tunnel of the Col du Galibier mountain pass on stage 8. Race overview After Ferdinand Kübler had won the first stage, René Vietto took the lead by winning the", "title": "1947 Tour de France" }, { "docid": "13386786", "text": "The Circuit de Lorraine is a multi-stage road bicycle racing event held annually in Lorraine, France. Since 2005, it has been organised as a 2.1 event on the UCI Europe Tour. Between 1956 and 1994 it was an amateur race, becoming a professional race called Circuit des Mines in 1995. Winners External links Conseil Régional de Lorraine site Palmarès by Memoire-du-cyclisme.net UCI Europe Tour races Cycle races in France Recurring sporting events established in 1956 1956 establishments in France", "title": "Circuit de Lorraine" }, { "docid": "69021377", "text": "Various professional women's cycle stage races across France have been held as an equivalent to the Tour de France for women, with the first of these races staged as a one off in 1955. From 1984, a women's Tour de France was staged consistently, although the name of the event changed several times - such as Tour de France Féminin, Tour of the EEC Women, Tour Cycliste Féminin and Grande Boucle Féminine Internationale. Over the years, the races struggled with various issues including financial difficulties, limited media coverage, sexism and trademark difficulties with Amaury Sport Organisation (the organisers of the Tour de France). The last Grande Boucle Féminine Internationale took place in 2009. In 2014, following criticism and campaigning from the professional peloton, Amaury Sport Organisation (ASO) - the organiser of the Tour de France - launched a one-day race for the professional peloton (La Course by Le Tour de France). In 2022, La Course was replaced by Tour de France Femmes, a 8-day stage race in the UCI Women's World Tour. The launch of the Tour de France Femmes was praised by the media, campaigners and the professional peloton. History of the races 1955: the Leulliot race In 1955, the first edition of a women's Tour de France was held as a one-off event. Organised by Jean Leulliot, with the event made up of five stages with 41 athletes starting. The race was won by Manx cyclist Millie Robinson. There was, however, no race organised for 1956 onwards. 1984–1989: the Société du Tour de France races In 1984, the Société du Tour de France, organizer of the men's Tour de France, decided that it would introduce a women's version of the Tour - Tour de France Féminin. From 1984 through to 1989 the race was run alongside the men's event, as a curtain raiser, with both races using the same finishing location (the women's race ran over a shorter distance for each stage). In 1989 Jean-Marie Leblanc, director of the Tour de France, halted the race in its current format, citing the economic cost of organising the race with limited media coverage and sponsorship being generated. As a result of the races dissociation from the Tour de France, the name was changed to the Tour of the EEC Women. 1990–1992: Tour of the EEC Women Following the change in race format, calendar position and name of the race to the Tour de la C.E.E. féminin, the race ran for a further four editions albeit with no connection to the Tour de France, through to the 1993 season. 1992–2009: the Pierre Boué races In 1992, a new race was created, the Tour Cycliste Féminin, organised in August by Pierre Boué, but again with no connection to either the Tour de France or the ASO. The race lacked stable sponsorship and with the location of stages determined by locations willing to contribute, there were long transfers between stages. Until the 1998 edition, the race was known as the Tour Cycliste Féminin,", "title": "Grande Boucle Féminine Internationale" }, { "docid": "2173864", "text": "The Vélodrome de Vincennes (officially Vélodrome Jacques Anquetil - La Cipale) is a cycling stadium in the Bois de Vincennes, Paris, France. Initially built as a velodrome in 1894, it became the main stadium for the 1900 Summer Olympics; Events that took place in the Velodrome at the 1900 Summer Olympics included cycling, cricket, rugby union, football and gymnastics. However, the track and field events were held at the Racing Club de France. At the 1924 Summer Olympics it became the cycling (track) venue. The venue was the finish line of the Tour de France between 1968 and 1974. Eddy Merckx won each of his five Tour victories there. Prior to 1968, the finish had been held at the Parc des Princes from 1904 to 1967. From 1975 to the present, the Tour de France has ended on the Champs-Élysées. It has featured in two 2010 feature films, La Rafle and Sarah's Key, standing in for the Vélodrome d'hiver, in films about the notorious round-up of Parisian Jews in July 1942. The stadium is still used for cycling, football and rugby matches. In 2013, the ground hosted three cricket matches when Marylebone Cricket Club visited France. See also List of cycling tracks and velodromes References lords.org External links . Venues of the 1900 Summer Olympics Olympic stadiums Sports venues in Val-de-Marne Velodromes in France Tour de France Cycling in Paris Cycle racing in France Olympic cycling venues Olympic football venues Olympic gymnastics venues Olympic rugby union venues Olympic cricket venues Multi-purpose stadiums in France Cricket grounds in France Defunct rugby union venues Sports venues completed in 1894 Venues of the 1924 Summer Olympics", "title": "Vélodrome de Vincennes" }, { "docid": "1827878", "text": "A criterium, or crit, is a bike race consisting of several laps around a closed circuit, the length of each lap or circuit ranging from about 400 m to 10,000 m. Overview Race length can be determined by a number of laps or total time, in which case the number of remaining laps is calculated as the race progresses. Generally the event's duration (commonly one hour) is shorter than that of a traditional road race — which can last many hours, sometimes over the course of several days or even weeks, as in a Grand Tour. However, the average speed and intensity are appreciably higher. The winner is the first rider to cross the finish line without having been \"lapped\". Events often have prizes (called primes and are usually cash) for winning specific intermediate laps (for instance, every 10th lap). A bell is usually rung to announce to the riders that whoever wins the next lap, wins the prime. Success in road criteriums requires a mix of good technical skills — in particular, the ability to corner smoothly while holding the line on the road, as well as rapidly and sharply — and riding safely with a large group on a short circuit and exceptional \"sprint\" ability to attack other riders and repeatedly accelerate hard from corners. Criteriums are relatively easy to organise, do not require a large amount of space, and are good for live spectators as they allow them to see the riders pass by many times. They are the most common type of bicycle racing in the continental United States. They are also gaining popularity as a format for mountain bike events. Belgium's Flanders region hosts a number of criteriums, as does the Netherlands. The most notable of these are held in late July and early August, just after the Tour de France. However, criteriums in Europe are mostly held in the format of a points race. First, second, and third rider at every 5th lap gets 3, 2, 1 points respectively, with double points for the final sprint. It was a long tradition that after the Tour these criteriums were fixed to have favourable results for local favourites, who may be participating for show after having ridden in a larger race such as the Tour de France. Equipment Racing bicycles used for Criteriums often have subtle, but significantly different geometry from those used in other mass-start, multi stage road race events. A Tour bicycle frameset's emphasis is on tracking plus stability while the Criterium-centric geometry strives to achieve stability and balance it with agility. Consequently Criterium racers will often choose bicycles with: a wheelbase shortened as much as possible, for increased turning ability, with the shortest chainstays possible, and a slightly shortened top tube (often causing some toe overlap with the front wheel on smaller frame sizes). forks with increased rake to reduce trail. Bikes with reduced trail handle more responsively, albeit at the cost of stability. slightly shorter cranks (145–170 mm), often slightly higher bottom", "title": "Criterium" }, { "docid": "9711203", "text": "The Étoile de Bessèges () is an early-season five-day road bicycle racing stage race held annually around Bessèges, in the Gard department of the Languedoc-Roussillon region of France. First organized in 1971 as a one-day race, it became a stage race run over five days in 1974. Since 2005, it is on the calendar of the UCI Europe Tour as a 2.1 event and features as the earliest stage races of the European season. The Étoile de Bessèges is the first of several stage races held in the hilly South of France in February, preceding La Méditerranéenne, the Tour du Haut Var and the Tour La Provence. These early-season races are competed mainly by French teams and are considered preparations for Paris–Nice, the first European World Tour event in March. Winners References External links UCI Europe Tour races Cycle races in France Sport in Gard Recurring sporting events established in 1971 1971 establishments in France", "title": "Étoile de Bessèges" }, { "docid": "38499316", "text": "The ATB Tour of Alberta was a Canadian bicycle stage race, which raced across the province of Alberta. It was sanctioned by Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) and was part of the UCI America Tour. It was classified as a 2.1 race, making it one of the highest rated races on the tour. The inaugural tour featured a prologue and five stages, and was held September 3–8, 2013. On February 15, 2018 the Alberta Peloton Association announced that the event was being cancelled. History The Tour of Alberta was the brainchild of former professional cyclist Alex Steida, who was the first North American cyclist to wear the Yellow Jersey in the Tour de France. After moving to Edmonton, Steida felt that the local geography and the ability of residents to \"roll up their sleeves and get stuff done\" made the province an ideal place for a multi-stage race and he spent nearly a decade promoting the idea. The idea began to take shape in 2012 when proponents secured support from the Rural Alberta Development Fund, which believed such a race could promote the province to a world audience. The proposed race was sanctioned by UCI in late 2012 and given a 2.1 classification, making it one of the highest rated events on the UCI America Tour. Classifications The race had six individual classifications, and the leader in each wore a special jersey in similar fashion to the Tour de France: Yellow jersey: General classification (overall leader) Green jersey: Sprint classification Polka dot jersey: Mountains classification White jersey: Young rider classification Red jersey: Canadian rider classification Blue jersey: Most aggressive rider Results General classification Other classifications References External links Cycle races in Canada UCI America Tour races 2013 establishments in Alberta Recurring sporting events established in 2013 2018 disestablishments in Alberta Recurring sporting events disestablished in 2018", "title": "Tour of Alberta" }, { "docid": "12807575", "text": "Tour de l'Ain, also known as the Prix de l'Amitié, is an annual professional cycling stage race held in eastern France. G.P. de l'Amitié The first edition of the race was in 1970, as the G.P. de l'Amitié (Friendship G.P.). It was held over four or five days in early September and served as a preparation for the Tour de l'Avenir, thus attracting also international riders, especially the Spanish team. The course ran straight across the French Alpes, starting in Nice, on the Côte d'Azur, and finishing in Bourg-en-Bresse, the capital of the Bresse region, north of Lyon, at the base of the Jura mountain range. Main difficulty was the mountain finish on Les Orres. In uneven years the course was reversed: from Bourg to Nice. As the Tour de l'Avenir threatened to be cancelled in 1976, the G.P. de l'Amitié jumped in and served as replacement, expanding the race to nine days. The execution of this event strained the organisation so much that it had to back down. From 1978 onwards the race merely had a national field of participants and was conducted only in the Provence Alpes, starting and finishing in Nice, still with the mountain finish on Les Orres. The organisation recovered however, and opened their race to professionals in 1986. A lot of French riders used this tough race – from Nice, via Valloire (over the Galibier), to Combloux – as a preparation for the Tour de l'Avenir. Tour de l'Ain In 1989 new organizers came, Dante Lavacca, Armand Peracca, and Maurice Josserand. They took the race back to its roots, to Bourg-en-Bresse, and changed its name into Tour de l'Ain. From 1989 to 1992 it was an amateur event. In 1993 it became open to professionals. In 1999 Cyclisme Organisation took over the organizing of the event and in the 1999 edition for the first time the climb of the Grand Colombier was included. The race had a 2.5 UCI (pro-am) status but was in 2002 promoted to the professional 2.3 category. Since the inception of the UCI ProTour and the UCI Continental circuits in 2005, the race has been classed into category 2.1 (in which all former 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3 races were combined). The race, which travels through the Ain departement into the Jura Mountains, combines both sprinting and mountainous stages. The 1,534 metre high Grand Colombier has featured as a decisive climb in the stage race. The 2018 version consisted of three stages; while previous versions of the event contained four or five stages (including prologues). Winners References External links Cycle races in France Recurring sporting events established in 1989 1989 establishments in France UCI Europe Tour races", "title": "Tour de l'Ain" }, { "docid": "44978261", "text": "The 2015 Tour de France was the 102nd edition of the race, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Tour started in Utrecht, Netherlands on 4 July and finished on the Champs-Élysées in Paris on 26 July. On 13 July, between stages nine and ten there was a rest day in Pau. Classification standings Stage 1 4 July 2015 — Utrecht, individual time trial (ITT) The Tour began on 4 July in the Netherlands, with an individual time trial that started and finished at Jaarbeurs, Utrecht. Because of its length, it did not qualify as a prologue. The course, which featured 20 turns and two roundabouts (traffic circles), was flat and mildly technical. The first rider off the start ramp was Daniel Teklehaimanot of , who became the first black African to compete in a Tour de France. Jos van Emden of set the first good benchmark time, clocking in at 15' 11\". He remained atop the leaderboard until Rohan Dennis of took over with a time of 14' 56\". Dennis, who had clocked an average speed of , held on to win the stage and became the first yellow jersey wearer of the race. With his performance, he established a new record for average speed in a Tour de France individual time trial. Tony Martin of took second, finishing five seconds behind Dennis. Fabian Cancellara (), who came into the event with five previous Tour de France opening time trial victories, finished six seconds off Dennis' time and took third. In the battle for the general classification, Thibaut Pinot of had one of the best times among the favorites for overall classification, 41 seconds behind Dennis, despite not having a reputation as a good time trialist. Tejay van Garderen (BMC Racing Team) and Vincenzo Nibali () also set good times, finishing one and two seconds behind Pinot, respectively. Stage 1 result and general classification Stage 2 5 July 2015 — Utrecht to Zeeland, This flat stage started in Utrecht. The riders rode underneath the Dom Tower and then went to De Meern. The race headed through Gouda before an intermediate sprint in Rotterdam. The peloton continued west through Spijkenisse and Hellevoetsluis, before crossing Haringvliet and Grevelingen. The finish was on Neeltje Jans, an artificial island at the entrance to the Scheldt estuary, in the province of Zeeland. Cycling commentators suggested before the race that strong winds off the sea could have a major impact, potentially splitting the peloton into echelons. Before the start, at km 0, an honorary start in Utrecht, which involved the playing of the French and Dutch national anthems in the presence of Jan van Zanen, Mayor of Utrecht, Christian Prudhomme, the race director and cycling legends Bernard Hinault and Joop Zoetemelk. After the ceremonies, the race begun, and a breakaway formed, which consisted of 's Bryan Nauleau, Jan Bárta of , Stef Clement representing and 's Armindo Fonseca. The quartet weren't allowed a significant time gap, however, with their maximum lead over the peloton remaining below", "title": "2015 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 11" }, { "docid": "51835752", "text": "The 2017 UCI World Tour was a competition that included thirty-seven road cycling events throughout the 2017 men's cycling season. It was the ninth edition of the ranking system launched by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) in 2009. The competition started with the opening stage of the Tour Down Under on 17 January and concluded with the final stage of the Tour of Guangxi on 24 October. Slovakia's Peter Sagan was the defending champion. The 2017 edition featured ten new events. Sagan was unable to defend his World Tour title, winning just one race overall at the Grand Prix Cycliste de Québec in September, as he finished fourth in the points rankings; he finished one point behind third-placed Tom Dumoulin. The rankings were topped for the first time by Belgian rider Greg Van Avermaet, riding for the , who amassed 3,582 points with the newly-enlarged points-scoring system over the course of the season. Van Avermaet led the standings for the majority of the season, winning four races overall; three on home soil at Omloop Het Nieuwsblad, E3 Harelbeke, and Gent–Wevelgem, with a single win in France at Paris–Roubaix. Van Avermaet finished 130 points clear of Great Britain's Chris Froome, riding for . Froome won two of the three Grand Tours to be held in 2017, winning his fourth Tour de France, before taking a first Vuelta a España success, the first Tour–Vuelta double in 39 years. The success gave him the World Tour points lead for several hours before Van Avermaet surpassed him with a seventh-place finish at the Grand Prix Cycliste de Montréal. In the concurrent teams' standings, prevailed with 12,806 points, as Froome's victories were added to by Michał Kwiatkowski (Strade Bianche, Milan–San Remo and Clásica de San Sebastián), Sergio Henao (Paris–Nice) and Elia Viviani (EuroEyes Cyclassics and Bretagne Classic Ouest–France). 154 points behind in second place were , who took 30 victories on World Tour races (including 16 Grand Tour stages) during the 2017 season, with overall victories for Yves Lampaert (Dwars door Vlaanderen) and Philippe Gilbert (Tour of Flanders and Amstel Gold Race). With 10,961 points, finished in third place primarily down to Van Avermaet's performances, with further wins to Richie Porte (Tour Down Under and Tour de Romandie) and Dylan Teuns at the Tour de Pologne. Teams Events All events from the 2016 UCI World Tour were included, although some events were scheduled on different dates than previous editions. Ten new events were also added to the calendar. An eleventh event, the Tour of Qatar, was originally added to the calendar in October 2016, but it was cancelled in December 2016 due to lack of sponsorship support. Another new-for-2017 World Tour event, the Presidential Tour of Turkey, was postponed from its initial dates of 18–23 April, in February. In March, following a meeting of the UCI Professional Cycling Council, the race was rescheduled for 10–15 October. A new points ranking was also introduced for the 2017 season, based upon the points scales for the UCI", "title": "2017 UCI World Tour" }, { "docid": "54618883", "text": "The 2017 La Course by Le Tour de France with FDJ was the fourth edition of La Course by Le Tour de France, a women's cycle race held in France. The race was held before stage 18 of the 2017 Tour de France, between Briançon and the Col d'Izoard, on 20 July, and was followed by a pursuit race before stage 20 of the Tour de France. It was organised by the ASO. The first day counted also as the thirteenth race of the 2017 UCI Women's World Tour. Both races had the same podium; Annemiek van Vleuten () won both races ahead of rider Lizzie Deignan, with the podium being completed each time by 's Elisa Longo Borghini. The event was subsequently criticised, with issues regarding the 'pursuit' format, facilities for riders & teams and the desire for a 'Women's Tour de France'. Route and format Following criticism by riders regarding the lack of progress towards a multi stage race, ASO announced in October 2016 that the race would remain a one-day event but move from the Champs-Élysées in Paris to a mountain stage on the Col d'Izoard. It was then announced that the race would take place over two days. The top twenty finishers on the first day, or those within five minutes of the stage winner on the Col d'Izoard, were eligible to contest a second stage, over the same course as the men's time trial in Marseille on 22 July. However, for the purposes of the UCI Women's World Tour, only the results from the first day counted. The pursuit stage was held as a 1.15 categorised event, on the French Cycling Federation (FFC) calendar – and therefore did not count towards the UCI Women's World Tour – with riders starting at their respective time gaps from the Col d'Izoard. Teams 21 teams participated in the 2017 La Course by Le Tour de France. The top 15 UCI Women's World Tour teams were automatically invited, and obliged to attend the race. Results La Course by Le Tour de France - stage 1 20 July 2017 — Briançon to Col d'Izoard, Of the 119 riders to start the race, 47 completed the race within the time limit. 19 riders qualified for La Course Poursuite, as they finished within five minutes of race winner Annemiek van Vleuten. La Course Poursuite - stage 2 22 July 2017 — Marseille to Marseille, Criticism Following the event, the race was criticised by the professional peloton and teams. As only 20 riders qualified for the individual pursuit stage, teams were unable to plan logistics to get riders, equipment and team staff to Marseille. Lizzie Deignan subsequently noted that it took 9 hours to get off the mountain and to Marseille, with no police escort offered by organisers. The format of a 'pursuit' stage was thought not to be a success, as the mountain stage resulting in large time gaps that riders could not make up. Riders also criticised the facilities available in", "title": "2017 La Course by Le Tour de France" }, { "docid": "53438215", "text": "The 2018 Tour de France was the 105th edition of the Tour de France, one of cycling's three Grand Tours. The -long race consisted of 21 stages, starting on 7 July in Noirmoutier-en-l'Île, in western France, and concluding on 29 July with the Champs-Élysées stage in Paris. A total of 176 riders from 22 teams participated in the race. The overall general classification was won by Geraint Thomas of . Tom Dumoulin () placed second, with Thomas's teammate and four-time Tour winner Chris Froome coming third. The opening stage was won by Fernando Gaviria of , who became the Tour's first rider to wear the general classification leader's yellow jersey. Peter Sagan () then took the race lead on the following stage. won stage three's team time trial, putting their rider Greg Van Avermaet in yellow. He held the jersey for eight days until the second stage of the three Alpine stages, which Thomas won and took the lead in. He successfully defended it from Dumoulin for the rest of the Tour, which included three stages in the Pyrenees and the penultimate stage's individual time trial, the latter won by Dumoulin. Sagan, who won three stages, was placed first in the points classification for the sixth time. Julian Alaphilippe of , winner of two mountain stages, won the mountains classification, and 's Pierre Latour won the young rider classification. The team classification was won by , and Dan Martin of won the combativity award. Teams The 2018 edition of the Tour de France consisted of 22 teams. The race was the 25th of the 37 events in the UCI World Tour, and all of its eighteen UCI WorldTeams were entitled, and obliged, to enter the race. On 6 January 2018, organisers of the Tour, the Amaury Sport Organisation (ASO), announced the four second-tier UCI Professional Continental teams that received a wildcard invitation to participate in the event. The four teams were , , , from France, and Belgium's , all of which have participated in the race before. This meant that new French team , with their team leader, sprinter Bryan Coquard, missed out on the race. The presentation of the teams – where the members of each team's roster are introduced in front of the media and local dignitaries – took place on in the town of La Roche-sur-Yon on 5 July, two days before the opening stage. New rules by the cycling's governing body, the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI), reduced the number of riders per team for Grand Tours from 9 to 8, resulting in a start list total of 176, instead of 198, which had been the number of starters since 2010. Of these, 35 competed in their first Tour de France. The riders came from 30 countries. Seven countries had more than 10 riders in the race: France (35), Belgium (19), the Netherlands (13), Italy (13), Australia (11), Germany (11) and Spain (11). The average age of riders in the race was 29.37 years, ranging from", "title": "2018 Tour de France" }, { "docid": "48641369", "text": "The 2015 Tour of Chongming Island World Cup was a one-day road cycling race, run as part of the ninth Tour of Chongming Island, which included both a multi-stage event and a single-stage event. The single-stage race, which was part of the 2015 UCI Women's Road World Cup, was held on 17 May 2015, in Shanghai, China. On wide, mostly flat highways, there were no significant breakaways in the first half of the race, until the duo of Liang Hongyu () and Anastasia Chulkova () established a one-minute lead over the peloton. Their advantage was slowly broken down, predominately due to the work of the riders, and they were reabsorbed into the peloton with to go. In a bunch sprint, the Italian rider, Giorgia Bronzini () won, beating 2014 winners Kirsten Wild () and Fanny Riberot (France national team). Entry Ten of the UCI women's teams entered the race, each featuring five or six riders. They were joined by eight national teams containing either four or five riders, bringing the total entry up to 93 riders. Nations France Russia Hong Kong China Taiwan Thailand South Korea China Indonesia Course The route changed from previous years. The race started at the Shanghai Oriental Sports Center and took place almost entirely on wide, straight highways, with corners predominantly being expansive ninety-degree bends. The course initially followed the Middle Ring Road, the Huaxia Elevated Road and the G1501 Shanghai Ring Expressway, before entering the tunnel under the Yangtze river to reach Changxing Island, shortly followed by a bridge to Chongming Island, from where the route followed the course of previous years, along slightly smaller roads to the finish. Preview After four rounds of the 2015 UCI Women's Road World Cup, there had been four different winners; Jolien D'Hoore at the Ronde van Drenthe, Lizzie Armitstead at the Trofeo Alfredo Binda-Comune di Cittiglio, Elisa Longo Borghini at the Tour of Flanders, and Anna van der Breggen at the La Flèche Wallonne Féminine. Van der Breggen led the World Cup standings as the racing moved to China for the Tour of Chongming Island, with 290 points, but her were not invited to take part in the event. Kirsten Wild won both the stage race and the World Cup event in 2014, and repeated her success in the 2015 stage race. She was the pre-race favourite to win the 2015 World Cup race on a course that favoured sprinters. Race There were early attacks by two of the Asian teams, and the Korean national team, but on each occasion they were caught back up by the peloton reasonably quickly. The first intermediate sprint was won by Simona Frapporti (), while a subsequent Queen of the Mountain climb was won by Lauren Kitchen (). Crossing the Shanghai Yangtze River Bridge, some riders fell off the back of the peloton in the strong crosswinds. Shortly after, two riders, Liang Hongyu () and Anastasia Chulkova (), broke away and established a lead of roughly one minute, during which Chulkova", "title": "2015 Tour of Chongming Island World Cup" }, { "docid": "1158614", "text": "The Critérium du Dauphiné, before 2010 known as the Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré, is an annual cycling road race in the Dauphiné region in the southeast of France. The race is run over eight days during the first half of June. It is part of the UCI World Tour calendar and counts as one of the foremost races in the lead-up to the Tour de France in July, along with the Tour de Suisse in the latter half of June. The race was inaugurated in 1947 by a local newspaper, the Dauphiné Libéré, which served as the event's title sponsor until 2009. Since 2010 the race has been organized by ASO, which also organizes most other prominent French cycling races, notably the Tour de France, Paris–Nice and Paris–Roubaix. As the Dauphiné is set in the Rhône-Alpes region, part of the French Alps, the race's protagonists are often climbing specialists. Many well-known climbs from the Tour de France – like the Mont Ventoux, the Col du Galibier or Col de la Chartreuse – are regularly addressed in the Dauphiné. Five riders, Nello Lauredi, Luis Ocaña, Charly Mottet, Bernard Hinault and Chris Froome, share the record of most wins, with three each. History Creation The race was created in 1947 by newspaper Le Dauphiné libéré to promote its circulation. After World War II, as cycling recovered from a universal five- or six-year hiatus, the Grenoble-based newspaper decided to create and organize a cycling stage race covering the Dauphiné region. The race was named after the newspaper and set in June, prior to the Tour de France. Polish rider Edward Klabiński won the inaugural edition. Because of its mountainous route and date on the calendar, the race served as preparation for the Tour de France by French cyclists. French cycling icons Jean Robic and Louison Bobet used the Dauphiné Libéré as the ultimate stage race in their build-up towards the Tour de France. The event was discontinued for two years in 1967 and 1968. The current form of the Critérium du Dauphiné is the consequence of a merger with the Circuit des Six-Provinces-Dauphiné in 1969. For many years, the organization of the Dauphiné was shared between the newspaper publishers and ASO. In 2010, the newspaper ceded all organizational responsibility to ASO, and the race's name was abbreviated to Critérium du Dauphiné. For many decades, the race has also served as a test for both bike manufacturers to test advanced equipment, and for TV broadcasters preparing the Tour de France, as TV coverage is difficult in the mountainous region. World Tour Event In the 1990s the race was categorized as a UCI 2.HC event, cycling's highest-rated stage races behind the Grand Tours. In 2005 it was included in the inaugural UCI Pro Tour and in 2011 in its successor, the UCI World Tour. The Critérium du Dauphiné is the only race that was won by all the quintuple winners of the Tour de France, namely Jacques Anquetil, Eddy Merckx, Bernard Hinault and Miguel Induráin.", "title": "Critérium du Dauphiné" }, { "docid": "6722889", "text": "Vincenzo Nibali (; born 14 November 1984) is an Italian former professional road bicycle racer, who competed as a professional from 2005 to 2022. He is one of seven cyclists who has won all three of cycling's Grand Tours in their career – having won the 2010 Vuelta a España, the 2013 Giro d'Italia, the 2014 Tour de France and the 2016 Giro d'Italia. Born near the Strait of Messina, his nickname is the \"Shark of the Strait\", \"the Shark of Messina\" or simply \"The Shark\". His first major win came at the 2006 GP Ouest–France, a UCI ProTour event. However, experts such as Michele Bartoli have said Nibali is most suited to competing in multi-stage races. He is a highly capable descender and bike handler, very good climber and good time trialist. Nibali is an all-rounder, and is considered one of the strongest stage race riders of his era, having won Tirreno–Adriatico (2012 and 2013), the Giro del Trentino (2008 and 2013) and the 2016 Tour of Oman. Nibali is most well known for his Grand Tour performances – finishing on the podium on eleven occasions – but he has proven to be a strong contender in classic cycle races as well, having won the 2014 and 2015 Italian National Road Race Championships, the 2006 GP Ouest–France and three 'Monuments' of road bicycle racing: the Giro di Lombardia in 2015 and 2017, and the 2018 Milan–San Remo. He has also achieved podiums in Liège–Bastogne–Liège and previous editions of the Milan–San Remo. Early life and career Vincenzo Nibali was born on 14 November 1984 in Messina, Sicily, the son of Salvatore and Giovanna. In order to become a cyclist, he left his hometown Messina and moved to Tuscany at the age of sixteen. For ten months of the year, he lived in the house of his former directeur sportif, Carlo Franceschi, in Mastromarco, near Lamporecchio. Nibali finished third at the UCI World Junior Time Trial Championships in 2002 and also third at the UCI World Under-23 Time Trial Championships in 2004. Professional career Liquigas (2006–12) 2006–08 Having turned professional in 2005 with , Nibali signed with in 2006. In that year, he won the French classic GP Ouest–France at 21 years of age. He also finished in second position overall of the 2.1 rated Settimana Internazionale di Coppi e Bartali, taking the win on the first stage. In 2007, Nibali rode the Giro d'Italia for the first time and finished 19th overall. 2008 saw Nibali finish 10th in Liège–Bastogne–Liège, obtaining also an 11th-place finish in the Giro d'Italia and a 20th-place finish in the Tour de France. 2009 2009 saw Nibali record a win in the Giro dell'Appennino where he attacked almost from the finish to win solo. Another victory in 2009 was the Gran Premio Città di Camaiore. He finished sixth overall in the Tour of California and ninth overall in Tour of the Basque Country, before sharing leadership of Liquigas at the Tour de France with Roman Kreuziger.", "title": "Vincenzo Nibali" } ]	[ "bicycle race" ]
train_31303	what kind of cherry goes in a manhattan	[ { "docid": "20879", "text": "A Manhattan is a cocktail made with whiskey, sweet vermouth, and bitters. While rye is the traditional whiskey of choice, other commonly used whiskies include Canadian whisky, bourbon, blended whiskey, and Tennessee whiskey. The cocktail is usually stirred with ice then strained into a chilled cocktail glass and garnished traditionally with a maraschino cherry. A Manhattan may also be served on the rocks in a lowball glass. The whiskey-based Manhattan is one of five cocktails named for a New York City borough. It is closely related to the Brooklyn cocktail, which uses dry vermouth and Maraschino liqueur in place of the Manhattan's sweet vermouth, and Amer Picon in place of the Manhattan's angostura bitters. The Manhattan is one of six basic drinks listed in David A. Embury's 1948 classic The Fine Art of Mixing Drinks. Origin and history Popular history suggests that the drink originated at the Manhattan Club in New York City in the mid-1870s, where it was invented by Iain Marshall for a banquet hosted by Jennie Jerome (Lady Randolph Churchill, mother of Winston) in honor of presidential candidate Samuel J. Tilden. The success of the banquet made the drink fashionable, later prompting several people to request the drink by referring to the name of the club where it originated—\"the Manhattan cocktail\". However, Lady Randolph was in France at the time and pregnant, so the story is likely a fiction. However, there are prior references to various similar cocktail recipes called \"Manhattan\" and served in the Manhattan area. By one account it was invented in the 1860s by a bartender named Black at a bar on Broadway near Houston Street. Some of the earliest records of the cocktail can be found in Charlie Paul's American and other Drinks and O.H. Byron's The Modern Bartender's Guide, both written in 1884. Paul describes it containing \"three or four drops of angostura bitters, ditto of plain syrup; add half a liqueur glass of vermouth, half wine glassful of Scotch whiskey\" and garnished with lemon. Byron describes two versions, one with French vermouth and the other with Italian. Another early record of the cocktail can be found in William Schmidt's The Flowing Bowl, published in 1891. In it, he details a drink containing 2 dashes of gum (gomme syrup), 2 dashes of bitters, 1 dash of absinthe, portion of whiskey, and portion of vermouth. The same cocktail appears listed as a \"Tennessee Cocktail\" in Shake 'em Up! by V. Elliott and P. Strong: \"Two parts of whiskey, one part of Italian Vermouth, and a dash of bitters poured over ice and stirred vigorously.\" During Prohibition (1920–1933) Canadian whisky was primarily used because it was available. Traditions On the small North Frisian island of Föhr, the Manhattan cocktail is a standard drink at almost every cafe, restaurant, and \"get together\" of locals. The story goes that many of the people of Föhr emigrated to Manhattan during deep sea fishing trips, took a liking to the drink, and brought it back to Föhr with", "title": "Manhattan (cocktail)" }, { "docid": "41169027", "text": "Mika Rottenberg (born 1976) is a contemporary Argentine born US based video artist who lives and works in New York . Rottenberg is best known for her video and installation work that often \"investigates the link between the female body and production mechanisms\". Her work has been exhibited both nationally and internationally. Biography Mika Rottenberg was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina in 1976. her family relocated to Israel in 1977. In 1998, she attended HaMidrasha School of Art, Beit Berl College, Israel. In 2000, Rottenberg moved to New York to complete her education, receiving a Bachelor of Fine Arts from the School of Visual Arts in 2000 and a Master of Fine Arts from Columbia University in 2004. She was represented by Andrea Rosen Gallery in New York City until the gallery closed its doors in 2017. She was also represented by Galerie Laurent Godin in Paris. As of 2019, she is represented by Hauser & Wirth. Work Rottenberg's video works feature women with various physical eccentricities, such as being very tall, large-bodied, or muscular. In the videos, these women perform physical acts that serve as an allegory for the human condition in post-modern times. Her videos are inspired by women who advertise their unusual characteristic online to be utilized for hire. \"She hires women who in some form or another, use their body to profit in some way, and she is interested in how these bodies are marginalized and how \"women's labor has been marginalized and almost invisible throughout history.\" \"Her work explicitly concerns interactions between bodies and machines and 'the idea of ownership generally'.\" \"Her works allegorize the increasing capitalization of biological life itself: not what labors produce but what bodies consist of, grow, secrete, and reproduce….by exploring relations between immaterial goods, bodily by-products, and manufactured products, Rottenberg exposes and playfully transgresses the divisions of race, gender, and geography that underlie the post-Fordist world system\". She describes her work as \"social Surrealism\" and \"a spiritual kind of Marxism.\" She strives to \"... give space and a stage to women who don't always obey gender and conventional beauty expectations.\" Significant works Mary's Cherries (2004), which shows a woman's red fingernails being grown, clipped, and transformed into maraschino cherries, was influenced by a story about a woman with a rare blood type who quit her job to sell her blood. The women featured in Mary's Cherries are all wrestlers for hire. In Tropical Breeze (2004), champion bodybuilder Heather Foster drives a converted truck that functions as a shop, packaging her sweat. In the back of the truck, dancer Felicia Ballos pedals a makeshift device, picking up tissues and using gum to stick them to a clothesline, transferring them to Heather, who uses them to collect her sweat for packaging and later for sale. Dough (2005-2006) watches Raqui, a size-acceptance activist and frequent collaborator of Rottenberg's as she cries tears that evaporate into steam, causing dough to rise. The dough is then pulled and pushed through holes into multiple rooms by", "title": "Mika Rottenberg" }, { "docid": "26520", "text": "The Rob Roy is a cocktail consisting primarily of whisky and vermouth, created in 1894 by a bartender at the Waldorf Astoria in Manhattan, New York City. The drink was named in honor of the premiere of Rob Roy, an operetta by composer Reginald De Koven and lyricist Harry B. Smith loosely based upon Scottish folk hero Rob Roy MacGregor. A Rob Roy is similar to a Manhattan, but is made exclusively with Scotch whisky; the Manhattan is traditionally made with rye, and today also commonly made with bourbon or Canadian whisky. While this version of a Manhattan may have been first dubbed a Rob Roy in 1894, the Manhattan made with Scotch whisky first appears in print ten years earlier in a London bar guide by Charlie Paul, perhaps the earliest published recipe for a Manhattan. Like the Manhattan, the Rob Roy can be made \"sweet\", \"dry\", or \"perfect\". The standard Rob Roy is the sweet version, made with sweet vermouth, so there is no need to specify a \"sweet\" Rob Roy when ordering. A \"dry\" Rob Roy is made by replacing the sweet vermouth with dry vermouth. A \"perfect\" Rob Roy is made with equal parts sweet and dry vermouth. The Rob Roy includes a dash of Angostura bitters (mostly for color), and is usually served in a cocktail glass garnished with two maraschino cherries on a skewer (for the standard version), or a lemon twist (for the perfect and dry versions). See also References Cocktails with whisky Cocktails with vermouth Cocktails with Angostura bitters", "title": "Rob Roy (cocktail)" } ]	[ { "docid": "24251171", "text": "Symphony for Improvisers is an album by American jazz trumpeter Don Cherry, released by Blue Note Records in August 1967. It features Gato Barbieri, Henry Grimes, and Ed Blackwell, all of whom appeared on Cherry's previous album Complete Communion, along with Karl Berger, Jean-François Jenny-Clark, and Pharoah Sanders. Symphony for Improvisers was recorded in 1966. The front cover photograph was taken at New York Public Library for the Performing Arts, Upper West Side, New York City. The tracks on Symphony for Improvisers were included in the compilation The Complete Blue Note Recordings of Don Cherry. In 2021, the Ezz-thetics label reissued Symphony For Improvisers along with Complete Communion on the compilation Complete Communion & Symphony For Improvisers Revisited. Reception The AllMusic review by Steve Huey states: \"Even though the album is full of passionate fireworks, there's also a great deal of subtlety — the flavors added to the ensemble by Berger's vibes and Sanders' piccolo, for example, or the way other instrumental voices often support and complement a solo statement. Feverish but well-channeled, this larger-group session is probably Cherry's most gratifying for Blue Note\". Ollie Bivens, writing for All About Jazz, commented: \"Symphony for Improvisers is a lesson in controlled chaos that remains eminently musical... This music is cerebral without being cold, freewheeling without degenerating into a lot of blowing for the sake of blowing. Never boring, Symphony for Improvisers is for jazz fans with lengthy attention spans and open ears.\" Ekkehard Jost wrote that Symphony for Improvisers and its predecessor Complete Communion are \"among the most important LPs Don Cherry made, if not among the most important in free jazz of the Sixties.\" According to Jost, the central idea is that \"monothematic pieces are dropped and several thematic complexes are integrated into a suite whose 'movements,' while clearly identifiable thanks to their contrasted thematic material, are linked with one another.\" Jost noted that, in relation to Complete Communion, Symphony for Improvisers \"is more open in form, despite an almost identical construction. Transitions between the thematic sections are frequently fluid, as are the boundaries between composed material and improvisations. A great deal more time is spent on improvisations, as opposed to the themes, which become more and more fragmentary.\" Track listing All compositions by Don Cherry \"Symphony for Improvisers: Symphony for Improvisers/Nu Creative Love/What's Not Serious?/Infant Happiness\" - 19:43 \"Manhattan Cry: Manhattan Cry/Lunatic/Sparkle Plenty/Om Nu\" - 19:17 Personnel Don Cherry – cornet Gato Barbieri – tenor saxophone Pharoah Sanders – tenor saxophone, piccolo Karl Berger – vibes, piano Henry Grimes – bass Jean-François Jenny-Clark – bass Ed Blackwell – drums References Don Cherry (trumpeter) albums 1966 albums Blue Note Records albums Albums recorded at Van Gelder Studio Albums produced by Alfred Lion", "title": "Symphony for Improvisers" }, { "docid": "141575", "text": "Inwood is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Manhattan, at the northern tip of Manhattan Island, in the U.S. state of New York. It is bounded by the Hudson River to the west, Spuyten Duyvil Creek and Marble Hill to the north, the Harlem River to the east, and Washington Heights to the south. Inwood is part of Manhattan Community District 12, and its primary ZIP Code is 10034. It is served by the 34th Precinct of the New York City Police Department and Engine Company 95/Ladder Company 36 of the New York City Fire Department. Politically, it is part of the New York City Council's 10th district. History Lenape history The north end of Manhattan, with its clam beds, cornfields, and annual fish runs, was the \"best place to live\" on the island before the Dutch and British colonists arrived in the 17th century. There was a large Lenape town straddling the Manhattan and Bronx sides of what is now called the Harlem River. Shorakapkok means 'sitting-down place' in the Munsee language. Colonial history On May 24, 1626, according to legend, Peter Minuit, the director general of the Dutch colony of New Netherland, bought the island from the indigenous Lenape people for 60 Dutch guilders and, the story goes, some trinkets. On the southern tip of the island Minuit founded New Amsterdam. A plaque (on a rock) marking what is believed to be the spot of the sale is in Inwood Hill Park, the only natural forest left in Manhattan. During the British occupation of Manhattan in the American Revolutionary War, there was an encampment containing more than sixty huts occupied by Hessian troops between 201st and 204th Streets along Payson Avenue. The camp was discovered in 1914 by local archeologist and historian Reginald Bolton after a series of digs around the neighborhood. 19th century to present The area between 190th and 192nd Streets was occupied by the Fort George Amusement Park, a trolley park/amusement park, from 1895 to 1914. Its site is now a seating area in Highbridge Park, which itself was laid out in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Inwood was a very rural section of Manhattan well into the early 20th century. Once the New York City Subway's IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line, the modern , reached Inwood in 1906, speculative developers constructed numerous apartment buildings on the east side of Broadway. Construction continued into the 1930s, when the IND Eighth Avenue Line, the modern , reached Dyckman and 207th Streets along Broadway and the large estates west of Broadway (Seaman, Dyckman, Isham, etc.) were sold off and developed. Many of Inwood's impressive Art Deco apartment buildings were constructed during this period. The area around Dyckman Street and 10th Avenue formerly contained a stadium called the Dyckman Oval, with a capacity of 4,500 spectators, which hosted football games, boxing matches, and Negro league baseball games until it was demolished in 1938 and replaced by the Dyckman Houses public housing development in 1951.", "title": "Inwood, Manhattan" }, { "docid": "21242074", "text": "All-of-a-Kind Family is a 1951 children's book by Sydney Taylor about a family of five American Jewish girls growing up on the Lower East Side of New York City in 1912. It was followed by four sequels. Background All-of-a-Kind Family is based on Sydney Taylor's recollections of her childhood on Manhattan's Lower East Side, where her family settled along with many other Jewish families after migrating from Eastern Europe by way of Germany. The main characters are named for Taylor's real-life sisters, Ella, Henny, Charlotte, and Gertrude, and the middle sister was given the author's birth name, Sarah. The book's genesis was stories of her childhood that Taylor would tell her daughter, Jo. Taylor wrote:\"I took my daughter Jo down to the old neighborhood where Papa, Mama and the five little girls had lived. But the past was dead there; it lived only in me. I decided to write it all down for Jo. Perhaps in this way I could re-create for both of us some feeling of that other life.\"While Taylor wrote All-of-a-Kind Family for her daughter, by some accounts she had no plans to publish the story. But, the story goes, her husband secretly submitted the manuscript for the Charles W. Follett Award in 1951, and it won, launching Taylor's career and what would become a five-book series. The book is noteworthy for its depiction of a joint Jewish American identity, with the characters expressing both pride in their Jewish traditions and American patriotism, following the trajectory of Taylor's own family's assimilation. \"Not only are Jewish customs explained honestly and frankly, but Taylor makes them attractive and positive, drawing in her readers, both Jewish and non-Jewish,\" the scholar June Cummins writes. Plot Ella, Henny, Sarah, Charlotte, and Gertrude are five sisters growing up on the Lower East Side of Manhattan in 1912. The book follows them through a year of their childhood, as they deal with mundane chores, find joy in eating candy in bed and collecting used books from their father's junk shop, recover from scarlet fever, and celebrate Jewish holidays such as Purim and Sukkot as well as the Fourth of July. They also inadvertently help their father's friend Charlie solve a mystery from his past and, in the end, welcome a new family member. Main characters Ella: The oldest of the five sisters, age 12, born 1900. She is based on the author's own eldest sister of the same name. Henrietta \"Henny\": The second sister, age 10, 1902. She is the most wild and mischievous one. She is the only one whose hair is blonde and curly. Sarah: The third sister, and the author's avatar. Age 8, 1904, as she was based on the author herself. She is the most practical and levelheaded one who values her education. Charlotte: The fourth sister with her head in the clouds, age 6, 1906. She is the most imaginative one of the sisters. Gertrude \"Gertie\": The youngest of the five sisters, age 4, 1908. Gertie looks up to", "title": "All-of-a-Kind Family" }, { "docid": "15863594", "text": "\"Pretty Little Dutch Girl\" is a children's nursery rhyme, clapping game and jump-rope rhyme. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 12986. Lyrics The lyrics of the song vary considerably. British versions of this rhyme differ significantly, perhaps because many of the allusions in the rhyme were unknown to British children at the time. Common versions include: I am a pretty little Dutch girl, As pretty as I can be, be, be, And all the boys in the baseball team Go crazy over me, me, me. My boy friend’s name is Fatty, He comes from the Senoratti, With turned-up toes and a pimple on his nose, And this is how the story goes: Variation 1 I am a pretty little Dutch girl As pretty as I can be And all the boys in the neighborhood Are crazy over me My boyfriend's name is Mello He comes from the land of Jello With pickles for his toes and a cherry for his nose And that's the way my story goes Variation 2 I am a pretty little Dutch girl, As pretty as pretty can be, And all the boys around the block Go crazy over me. My boyfriend's name is Billy, He comes from good ole Philly, With a cherry on his nose And ten fat toes, And that's the way my story goes. My boyfriend gave me peaches, My boyfriend gave me pears, My boyfriend gave me fifty cents And kissed me on the stairs. I gave him back his peaches, I gave him back his pears, I gave him back his fifty cents And kicked....him....down.....the.....stairs! Variation 3 I am a pretty little Dutch girl, As pretty as I can be. and all the boys in the neighborhood come chasing after me me me. My boyfriend's name is Tony, he comes from the land of bologna, with a pickle on his nose and 3 sore toes and that's the way the story goes! One day he gave me peaches, one day he gave me pears, one day he gave me 50 cents and took me to the fair! After the fair was over, I asked him to take me home, he ran off with another girl and left me all alone! I gave him back his peaches. I gave him back his pears. I gave him back his 50 cents, and kicked him down the stairs! Variation 4 I am a pretty little Dutch girl As pretty as pretty can be. And all the boys around the block Go crazy over me. I hate to do the dishes I hate to do the chores But I love to kiss my boyfriend Behind the kitchen door. One day while I was walking I heard my boyfriend talking To a pretty little girl with strawberry curls and this is what he said: I L-O-V-E love you All the T-I-M-E time And I will K-I-S-S kiss you In the D-A-R-K dark. Variation 5 (Western Canada, 1960s) I am a pretty little", "title": "Pretty Little Dutch Girl" }, { "docid": "7728914", "text": "New York Eye and Ear Control is an album of group improvisations recorded in July 1964 by an augmented version of Albert Ayler's group to provide the soundtrack for Michael Snow's film of the same name. Background New York Eye and Ear Control came about when artist, musician, and filmmaker Michael Snow received a commission from a Toronto-based organization called Ten Centuries Concerts for a film employing jazz. Snow had recently attended and enjoyed a concert by saxophonist Albert Ayler (he recalled \"I was completely knocked out\"), and had been making his studio on Chambers Street in lower Manhattan available to musicians such as Roswell Rudd, Archie Shepp, Paul Bley, and Milford Graves for rehearsals. He decided to hire Ayler and his quartet (which at the time included trumpeter Don Cherry, bassist Gary Peacock, and drummer Sunny Murray, and which had recently recorded the albums Prophecy and (without Cherry) Spiritual Unity), along with trombonist Rudd and saxophonist John Tchicai, to make a recording, stating that he \"wanted to buy a half an hour of music.\" Snow recalled that he had certain stipulations going into the session: \"I didn't want any previously played compositions, and I wanted it to be as much ensemble improvisations as could be with no solos.\" He also stated: \"As I was being involved with so-called free jazz, I was always surprised at how everybody was still bookending, as in all of previous jazz where you play a tune, play your variations, then play the tune again. I kept feeling that I didn't want that, and particularly what I had in mind for the film, I definitely didn't want it. I wanted it as pure free improvisation as I could get.\" According to Snow, \"They accepted and they performed this way... in my opinion, this is one reason for which the music is so great.\" He later called the ensemble \"one of the greatest jazz groups ever.\" (In his 1966 essay \"Around about New York Eye and Ear Control,\" Snow summarized his thoughts regarding the music: \"Song form finally unusable, strict rhythm finally unusable in 'Jazz.' It goes 'ahead' where it has to... Surprise! Demand for Song and Dance so natural there can be 'new' Songs, 'new' Rhythm, 'new' Dances. A very pleasant surprise.\") The recording session took place on July 17, 1964 at the loft of poet Paul Haines, who was Snow's neighbor and who also set up and operated the recording equipment. Roswell Rudd recalled that Snow \"didn't say anything. He said just go ahead and play and when he got the time he needed, he took that and made a movie with it. In other words made the movie from an improvised jam session rather than make the movie and fit the soundtrack to it. He made a soundtrack and then went out and shot a movie. I don't know how many people have ever done that.\" (The album liner notes confirm this, stating \"The music was recorded prior to the production of the", "title": "New York Eye and Ear Control" }, { "docid": "35891846", "text": "This Is the End of Control is the only studio album by American rock band Cherri Bomb. It was released on May 15, 2012 by Hollywood Records. Prior to the album's release, its song \"Shake the Ground\" was featured on The Avengers soundtrack. The album also features the song \"Let It Go\" from the band's 2011 debut EP Stark. This Is the End of Control peaked at number 24 on Billboards Top Hard Rock Albums chart and at number 11 on its Top Heatseekers chart. Background and recording Guitarist Miranda Miller described writing the album as an \"extremely creative\" process done by the four band members and their producers. She said they wrote so many songs, that it became difficult to decide which ones to include on the album. Miller cited the band being new to recording as the most difficult part. Describing the members as perfectionists, she said they had to learn when to stop. The title, This Is the End of Control, is a lyric from the band's song \"Shake the Ground\". Lead guitarist and vocalist Julia Pierce said it is a message of empowerment, meaning, that even though the members are minors, they plan to make the decisions that are best for them; \"As teenagers, as a band that really doesn't fit the mold, we don't want people trying to control us or tell us to be something that we're not.\" Reception In her review for AllMusic, Heather Phares declared \"This Is the End of Control proves that Cherri Bomb is a straight-ahead rock band with talent, a rarity in the 2010s no matter how old or what sex the people in the band are\". She concluded by calling the album an \"impressive debut\" and \"while the band's talent should guard against them being treated like a novelty, the most rebellious move the women of Cherri Bomb may make is just being who they are\". Writing for Girls' Life, Rachael Ellenbogen wrote that in a music industry full of \"pop princesses and auto-tuned maniacs\", This Is the End of Control is \"a breath of fresh, angst-infused air\" with songs that stand out. Brian Giffin of Loud Magazine Australia commented that \"Cherri Bomb have been attracting all the right kinds of attention, and much of it has even been for all the right reasons\". He describes the album as \"a punchy collection of exuberant and catchy tunes that should bring a smile to the face of even the most cynical\" and compliments the hooks the band writes. He concludes by calling the album a \"pretty solid debut\". Zachary Houle of PopMatters rated the album a 6/10, calling the album \"decent enough, with no real surprises and the odd clanger in the lyrics department here and there\". Track listing Personnel Cherri Bomb Julia Pierce – lead guitar, backing vocals, co-lead vocals on tracks 1 & 3, lead vocals on tracks 2, 4–6, 9 & 10 Miranda Miller – guitar, keyboards, backing vocals, co-lead vocals on track 1, lead vocals", "title": "This Is the End of Control" }, { "docid": "53506890", "text": "The City Bakery was a bakery, cafe, chocolate shop, caterer and wholesaler. Its first location opened in Lower Manhattan of New York City in 1990. There were eight City Bakery locations in Japan: Tokyo, Osaka and Fukuoka. City Bakery Detroit was its last expansion. City Bakery also owned and operated six eco-minded bakeries called Birdbath Neighborhood Green Bakery in New York. The City Bakery closed on October 20, 2019 due to debt-related financial difficulties. History City Bakery was established in New York in 1990 by Maury Rubin, a television producer and director at ABC Sports, after studying pastry making in Lyons with Denis Ruffel of Patisserie Millet in Paris and having served as an apprentice pâstissier in Paris. Locations Union Square, Lower Manhattan City Bakery opened in the Union Square neighborhood of Lower Manhattan on December 8, 1990. Its menus are determined by the foods supplied by small family farms in the New York region, much of which was purchased at the nearby Union Square Greenmarket. Suppliers have included Glensfoot Dairy of Cherry Valley and Community Mill & Bean of Ithaca, for certified organic flour and oats. Its baked goods include Lemon Tart in a Chocolate Crust, Milky Way Tart, Chocolate Custard infused with Ethiopian Coffee Beans, Passion Fruit Tart with a Raspberry Polka Dot, Orange Tarts Made out of Apples, Bunch of Nuts in a Tart, World's First Stuffed Raspberry Tart, Fresh Ricotta Tart with Fruit and Edible Flowers. A cookbook, designed by Rubin, Book of Tarts: Form, Function and Flavor at City Bakery, won the 1996 International Association of Culinary Professionals Cookbook Design of the Year Award. The Pretzel Croissant was created in 1996 by combining a traditional French croissant with some of the ingredients of a classic German pretzel. In 2015, The New Yorker magazine produced a video on how the Pretzel Croissant is made. City Bakery makes what it calls \"Real Hot Chocolate\" from high-quality couverture chocolate, melted to create an intensely rich chocolate drink. It established the City Bakery Annual Hot Chocolate Festival, held every February, with a different flavor of hot chocolate every day of the month. The New York Times attributed a trend in high-quality hot chocolate in city eateries to the influence of City Bakery: \" ... what is no mystery is the effect Mr. Rubin's hot chocolate had on the city's hot chocolate landscape. He opened the floodgates for the sea of serious hot chocolate contenders that exist in New York today.\" City Bakery also offers savory foods, salad, sandwiches, pizzas and soup. City Bakery operated at 22 East 17th Street from 1990 until April 2001, when it moved one block west across 5th Avenue to 3 West 18th Street, a space five times larger than the original. City Bakery's design was unique, featuring 22-foot-high ceilings with stark white walls decorated only with cake boxes - a playful homage to the landmark Chrysler Building, decorated with hubcaps near its spire. Birdbath Neighborhood Green Bakery In 2005, Maury Rubin designed and built", "title": "The City Bakery" }, { "docid": "54449308", "text": "Hank DeVito is an American musician and songwriter. In addition to his recordings with Emmylou Harris and the Hot Band and the Notorious Cherry Bombs, he has been featured as a performer and composer on many albums by other artists. As a member of New York Rock and Roll Ensemble 1971: Roll Over (Columbia) 1973: New York Rock (Atco) With Emmylou Harris 1976: Elite Hotel (Warner Bros.) 1977: Luxury Liner (Warner Bros.) 1978: Quarter Moon in a Ten Cent Town (Warner Bros.) 1979: Blue Kentucky Girl (Warner Bros.) 1979: Light of the Stable (Warner Bros.) 1980: Roses in the Snow (Warner Bros.) 1981: Cimarron (Warner Bros.) 1981: Evangeline (Warner Bros.) 1983: White Shoes (Warner Bros.) 1985: The Ballad of Sally Rose (Warner Bros.) As a member of the Notorious Cherry Bombs 2004: The Notorious Cherry Bombs (Universal South) As composer 1979 - 1982 1979: Waylon Jennings – What Goes Around Comes Around (RCA Victor) – track 10, \"Old Love, New Eyes\" (co-written with Rodney Crowell) 1979: Dave Edmunds – Repeat When Necessary (Swan Song) – track 4, \"Sweet Little Lisa\" (co-written with Donivan Cowart and Martin Cowart); track 6, \"Queen of Hearts\" 1980: Rodney Crowell – But What Will the Neighbors Think (Warner Bros.) – track 8, \"Queen of Hearts\" 1981: Dave Edmunds – Twangin... (Swan Song) – track 6, \"Cheap Talk, Patter and Jive\" (co-written with Donivan Cowart) 1981: Emmylou Harris – Cimarron (Warner Bros.) – track 10, \"Tennessee Rose\" (co-written with Karen Brooks) 1981: Rosanne Cash – Seven Year Ache (Columbia) – track 10, \"I Can't Resist\" (co-written with Rodney Crowell) 1981: Rodney Crowell – Rodney Crowell (Warner Bros.) – track 6, \"Only Two Hearts\" and track 8, \"All You've Got to Do\" (both co-written with Crowell) 1981: Juice Newton – Juice (Capitol) – track 4, \"Queen of Hearts\" 1982: Albert Lee – Albert Lee (Polydor) – track 1, \"Sweet Little Lisa\"; track 3, \"On the Boulevard\"; track 4, \"The Best I Can\" (co-written with Emory Gordy Jr. and Rodney Crowell); track 5, \"Rock 'N' Roll Man\" 1982: Sandy Posey – Tennessee Rose (51 West) – track 2, \"Tennessee Rose\" (co-written with Karen Brooks) 1983 - present 1983: Sissy Spacek – Hangin' Up My Heart (Atlantic) – track 1, \"Hangin' Up My Heart\" 1983: Larry Willoughby – Building Bridges (Atlantic) – track 2, \"Building Bridges\" (co-written with Willoughby); track 10, \"Sweet Little Lisa\" (co-written with Donivan Cowart and Martin Cowart) 1985: Nicolette Larson – ...Say When (MCA) – track 3, \"Building Bridges\" (co-written with Larry Willoughby) 1986: Rodney Crowell – Street Language (Columbia) – track 9, \"The Best I Can\" (co-written with Emory Gordy, Jr. and Rodney Crowell) 1987: Rosanne Cash – King's Record Shop (Columbia) – track 3, \"If You Change Your Mind\" (co-written with Rosanne Cash) 1987: Dave Edmunds – I Hear You Rockin''' (Columbia) – track 3, \"Queen of Hearts\" 1992: Del McCoury Band - Blue Side of Town (Rounder) - track 7, \"The Blue Side of Town\" (co-written with Paul Kennerley) 1993: Marty Brown", "title": "Hank DeVito discography" }, { "docid": "6621545", "text": "A rusty nail is a cocktail made by mixing Scotch whisky with Drambuie in a 1:1 to 2:1 ratio. A rusty nail is most commonly served on the rocks in an old-fashioned glass (a.k.a. a rocks glass), although it can also be served \"up\" in a stemmed glass. Its origin goes back to the 1937 British Industries Fair, but it did not become popular until the 1950s endorsement by New York's Club 21 and its recognition by popular culture as the go-to cocktail of the Rat Pack a decade later. Variations Variations of the drink can be made using any aged spirit with the Drambuie (its one essential ingredient), although using blended Scotch whisky in a 1 to 1 or 2 to 1 ratio is traditional. The addition of additional Drambuie tends to sweeten the cocktail. The cocktail can be garnished with a twist of citrus, usually orange, that will enhance the acidity and flavor. Other variations include: The rusty Compass, adds cherry liqueur to the rusty nail mix Another smoky nail that is known in Spanish as the clavo ahumado; it uses mezcal instead of whisky The Donald Sutherland, substitutes Canadian rye whisky for the blended Scotch whisky History According to cocktail historian David Wondrich, \"...the Rusty Nail took a while to find its proper place in the world\". The combination of Drambuie—\"the world's most distinguished Scotch-based liqueur\"—and the whisky it is made from first appears in 1937 in the form of the B.I.F., credited to one F. Benniman and ostensibly named after the British Industries Fair. Wondrich goes on to note that. \"it took another generation or so for the drink to assume its classic name and form, during which time it tried on several identities. Here it's a D&S...there a Little Club No. 1 (the Little Club being a rather swank sort of joint on East Fifty-fifth Street much haunted by showbiz types); at USAF Officers' Clubs in Thailand and the Republic of Viet-Nam, it's a Mig-21, while in the upper Midwest it's a Knucklehead.\" The cocktail authority Dale DeGroff said \"the Rusty Nail is often credited to the clever bartenders at the 21 Club in Manhattan sometime in the early 1960s\" The cocktail's name was finally cemented in 1963, when Gina MacKinnon, the chairwoman of the Drambuie Liqueur Company, gave the rusty nail her endorsement in The New York Times. DeGroff reported that in the early 1960s \"...the Rat Pack was enamored of the drink, which may have been responsible for the wide appeal in those years...\" Notes References Cocktails with Scotch whisky Cocktails with liqueur Two-ingredient cocktails", "title": "Rusty nail (cocktail)" }, { "docid": "46973109", "text": "ESG is the debut EP by American rock band ESG. It was released by 99 Records in 1981. The EP received positive reviews from music critics. \"Moody\" became popular with house DJs, and \"UFO\" came to be one of the most sampled tracks in hip hop music. History Ed Bahlman discovered ESG while serving as the judge for a talent show and became the band's unofficial manager. Tony Wilson from Factory Records approached the band after a performance at Hurrah in the Upper West Side of Manhattan, and three days later they began recording with Martin Hannett. They recorded \"Moody\" and \"You're No Good\" in the first take. Hannett had three minutes left on the master tape, so he had the band record \"UFO\". The recordings helped bring Bahlman's focus to the band. On December 3, 1980, he recorded ESG's performance at Hurrah, which became the B-side for ESG. Bahlman formed a partnership with Factory so that his 99 Records label could release the EP in 1981. By July, they made a second pressing of the record. The band's name—and the EP's title—stands for emerald, sapphire, and gold. Emerald and sapphire are Valerie and Renee Scroggins' birthstones, and gold refers to the record certification. The blue, green, and yellow cover artwork was adapted for ESG's 2000 compilation A South Bronx Story. The artwork for its 2015 Record Store Day release of The Moody EP is loosely based on the ESG cover. Lead vocalist Renee criticized the adaptation, saying it looked like someone had \"puked it on a canvas\". ESG is a minimalist take on funk music, removing brass, saxophone, and synthesizers to leave vocals, bass, and percussion. It was received positively by music critics. Robert Palmer called it one of 1981's \"freshest records\". For Billboard magazine, Leo Sacks wrote that \"the beauty of this album is that it is so natural, so kinetic, and so compelling.\" The New York Times placed ESG second on its list of the best EPs and cassettes of 1981, and The Village Voice placed the EP third on its Pazz & Jop critics' poll. Songs \"Moody\" was released off of ESG as the band's debut single. A 12-inch remix single followed, and both versions found popularity at clubs in New York and London. Because of the single's release through Factory, many New York DJs assumed ESG was a London-based act. Paradise Garage listed the song in its top 50 all-time tracks. It became a foundational track for the emerging house music scene. House producer Chip E. used the song's bassline for his 1985 single \"Like This\". Swedish producer Christian Falk covered \"Moody\" with Neneh Cherry on his 1999 album Quel Bordel and released a second version with singer Kenny Bobien. \"UFO\" is inspired by the conclusion of Steven Spielberg's Close Encounters of the Third Kind, where government officials communicate with an extraterrestrial craft using music. Renee wrote the song imagining what would happen if a UFO had instead landed in the housing projects. \"UFO\" has", "title": "ESG (EP)" }, { "docid": "1328777", "text": "A knickerbocker glory is a layered ice cream sundae that is served in a large tall conical glass, and to be eaten with a distinctive long spoon, particularly in Great Britain and Ireland. The knickerbocker glory, first described in the 1920s, may contain ice cream, cream, fruit, and meringue. Layers of these different sweet tastes are alternated in a tall glass and topped with different kinds of syrup, nuts, whipped cream and often a cherry. The existence of these layers, which create red and white stripes, distinguishes the dish from a tall sundae and lends the knickerbocker glory its name. History and etymology An early form of the knickerbocker glory is believed to have originated in New York City in the early 1900s. The name knickerbocker (as it pertains to the dish) is thought to be named after The Knickerbocker Hotel in Manhattan, New York City. During the early 1900s, the hotel was pink-and-cream-colored, and well-known to the denizens of New York. After it closed in 1920, a tall pink-and-cream colored dish was created in honor of the hotel and the word glory was appended to the name of the dish. At some point in the 1920s, the dish was introduced into the United Kingdom, where it attained wide popularity. See also Knickerbocker, a Filipino dessert derived from knickerbocker glory Parfait Banana split Halo-halo Falooda Ais kacang References External links BBC – Food – Recipes: Knickerbocker Glory Sundaes British desserts Irish cuisine", "title": "Knickerbocker glory" }, { "docid": "6602969", "text": "A Is for Atom (1953) is a 14-minute promotional animated short documentary film created by John Sutherland and sponsored by General Electric (GE). The short documentary, which is now in the public domain, explains what an atom is, how nuclear energy is released from certain kinds of atoms, the peacetime uses of nuclear power, and the by-products of nuclear fission. The film is Sutherland's most-decorated film, having won numerous honors at film festivals. The film also received a theatrical release, opening at the Pantages and Hillstreet Theatres in Los Angeles on July 2, 1953. The distributor was Al O. Bondy, who made the short available for free. Synopsis A narrator is relating what is an atom and how atomic energy can be harnessed by man to produce \"limitless\" energy. Dr. Atom (a caricature with an atom for a head) then explains the similarities between the Solar System and atomic structure. He then goes on to relate how the atom is made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. After this, the narrator explains how there are more than 90 elements with many possible isotopes for each. The history of atomic energy is then over viewed beginning with the discovery of artificial transmutation. This then led to the discovery of nuclear fission and eventually nuclear weapons and nuclear energy using the chain reaction of radioactive material. The Oakridge uranium factory is then discussed as well as the first nuclear reactor and the first uses of plutonium. The future of fantastical nuclear power plants is then explained. The short ends on the uses of radio isotopes in medicine and agriculture. The film includes a blue \"nuclear giant\" character, very similar to Dr. Manhattan from the graphic novel Watchmen. Re-release and update A is for Atom was re-released by General Electric in 1964. John Sutherland Studios was contracted by GE to modernize the film. Changes included tighter editing, new music, new narration (Bud Hiestand did the voice-over on the original) and a focus on nuclear power as opposed to nuclear bombs. See also Destination Earth \"Our Friend the Atom\" Your Safety First Atoms for Peace References External links 1953 short films American animated short films American animated documentary films Sponsored films Documentary films about nuclear technology General Electric sponsorships Films scored by Eugene Poddany 1950s animated short films 1950s American animated films Articles containing video clips 1953 animated films 1950s English-language films American short documentary films", "title": "A Is for Atom" }, { "docid": "41993955", "text": "Manhattan is a 1924 American silent romantic adventure film directed by R. H. Burnside featuring Richard Dix in his first starring role. A wealthy New Yorker falls in love with a burglar's sister. Plot As described in a review in a film magazine, Peter Minuit (Dix), wealthy and bored with life, is visited by a burglar who believes him one of his own kind. Peter, posing as Gentleman George, makes a deal with the chap, Spike (Kelly), who hides him in his home where Peter meets and falls in love with his sister Mary (Logan). McGinnis (Siegmann), the head of the gang, wants to marry Mary and she agrees to save her brother and Peter. Peter takes her to his home and reveals his identity. McGinnis threatens to “get” him. Mary goes back to McGinnis. Peter follows and there is a fierce fight. McGinnis is shot by one of his henchmen who has a grudge. The gang is arrested and Peter takes his future wife back home. Cast Reception Mordaunt Hall, critic for The New York Times, gave the movie a mixed review, stating that Kelly's \"performance is easily the outstanding one in this production, and singularly enough it is the first time that he has acted before the camera.\" Hall thought, however, that Dix gave \"just another motion-picture performance\" and the narrative was \"stretched to the breaking point.\" Preservation status A print of the film reportedly survives at Cinemateket Svenska Filminstitutet, Stockholm. References External links Lobby cards and other material at www.richarddix.org 1924 films 1924 romantic comedy films American black-and-white films American romantic comedy films American silent feature films Films based on British novels Films set in New York City Paramount Pictures films 1920s American films Silent romantic comedy films Silent American comedy films", "title": "Manhattan (1924 film)" }, { "docid": "44297179", "text": "Abraham Browning (July 16, 1808 – August 22, 1889) was the Attorney General of New Jersey from 1845 to 1850 and a prominent citizen of Camden County, New Jersey. Biography Browning was born near Camden in 1808 and entered the New Jersey bar in 1834. He was a delegate at the New Jersey Constitutional Convention in 1843, and later was appointed Attorney General under Governor Charles C. Stratton and stayed on during second tenure of Governor Daniel Haines. He would later serve as a delegate to the 1864 Democratic National Convention. Abraham Browning should not be confused with Capt. Abraham M. Browning (1843-1880), who owned a farm called Cherry Hill Farm in what is now Cherry Hill NJ, on the site of the present-day Cherry Hill Capt. A.M. Browning's Cherry Hill Farm helped give Cherry Hill, New Jersey its name, though there is evidence that the term goes back to the colonial period. References 1808 births 1889 deaths Politicians from Camden, New Jersey Politicians from Cherry Hill, New Jersey New Jersey Attorneys General New Jersey Democrats 19th-century American politicians", "title": "Abraham Browning" }, { "docid": "27835143", "text": "Cherry Lane Music was an American music publisher based in New York. It was founded in 1960 by Milton Okun in the apartment above the Cherry Lane Theater in Greenwich Village, Manhattan, New York. Cherry Lane Music developed a wide range of high quality sheet music, DVDs, and educational tools for musicians. In March 2010, Cherry Lane was acquired by BMG Rights Management, which had been formed in 2008 jointly by Bertelsmann AG and Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. BMG operated Cherry Lane as a subsidiary and is currently an in-name-only unit of BMG Rights Management. History The print company's portfolio included sheet music of performing artists from a wide variety of genres, including Linda Ronstadt, Kenny Rogers, Barbra Streisand, Richard Marx, Bonnie Raitt, Billy Idol, Pat Benatar, Maury Yeston, Billy Squier, John Denver, The Black Eyed Peas, Quincy Jones, John Legend, Elvis Presley, the soundtrack to the Pokémon franchise, the White Stripes, the Dave Matthews Band, Metallica, and Jack Johnson. When BMG acquired Cherry Lane in 2010, the number of copyrighted musical works was approximately 150,000. The estimated acquisition price ranged between 85 and 100 million US dollars. Cherry Lane Music distributed products through Hal Leonard, another US-based music publisher. As of 2019, BMG no longer lists Cherry Lane as a subsidiary or a company brand. Its website was merged into BMG's \"new music company\" website. Selected types of folios Cherry Lane provided a number of different kinds of personality folios aimed at musicians of all skill levels. See also Music Publisher References Sheet music publishing companies Publishing companies established in 1960", "title": "Cherry Lane Music" }, { "docid": "27968467", "text": "Far from the Hurting Kind is the debut album by British pop singer Tracie Young. The album was originally released in the UK on 18 June 1984, and reached No. 64 on the UK Albums Chart. Far from the Hurting Kind was the second album released on Paul Weller's Respond record label. The album was produced by Weller and Brian Robson, and featured Weller on guitar under the pseudonym Jake Fluckery. In 1996, the album was reissued on CD in Japan, with bonus tracks added. On 19 July 2010, Cherry Red Records released an expanded reissue of Far from the Hurting Kind, featuring the ten tracks from the original 1984 release plus ten bonus tracks, including Young's 1983 hit singles \"The House That Jack Built\" and \"Give It Some Emotion\". Track listing \"(I Love You) When You Sleep\" (Elvis Costello) - 2:55 \"Souls on Fire\" (Paul Weller, Tracie Young) \"Nothing Happens Here But You\" (Paul Weller) - 3:25 \"I Can't Hold On Till Summer\" (Paul Barry, John Robinson) - 3:54 \"Dr. Love\" (Paul Weller) - 4:08 \"Thank You\" (General Johnson) - 4:00 \"Moving Together\" (Paul Barry, John Robinson) - 4:05 \"Spring, Summer, Autumn\" (Paul Weller) - 2:32 \"What Did I Hear You Say\" (Paul Barry, John Robinson) - 3:13 \"Far from the Hurting Kind\" (Paul Weller) - 4:05 1996 Japanese CD reissue bonus tracks \"I Can't Hold On Till Summer\" (alternate take) \"Thank You\" (instrumental version) \"Fingers Crossed\" (Heartbeat demo) \"Fingers Crossed\" \"I Think You're Lucky\" \"Far from the Hurting Kind\" (early version 1) \"Far from the Hurting Kind\" (early version 2) 2010 Cherry Red Records CD reissue track listing \"The House That Jack Built\" (P. Barry, J. Robinson) - 3:26 \"(I Love You) When You Sleep\" (Elvis Costello) - 2:55 \"Souls on Fire\" (12\" version) (Paul Weller, Tracie Young) - 7:13 \"Nothing Happens Here But You\" (Paul Weller) - 3:25 \"I Can't Hold On Till Summer\" (P. Barry, J. Robinson) - 3:54 \"Dr. Love\" (Paul Weller) - 4:08 \"Give It Some Emotion\" (Chris Free, Lucy Loquette) - 4:03 \"Thank You\" (General Johnson) - 4:00 \"Moving Together\" (P. Barry, J. Robinson) - 4:05 \"Spring, Summer, Autumn\" (Paul Weller) - 2:32 \"What Did I Hear You Say\" (P. Barry, J. Robinson) - 3:13 \"Far from the Hurting Kind\" (Paul Weller) - 4:05 \"Mama Never Told Me\" (P. Hurtt, A. Bell) - 2:27 \"Find It in Your Nature\" (T. Young, S. Pisano, Tracie Young) - 3:51 \"The Boy Hairdresser\" (Paul Weller, Tracie Young) - 3:35 \"Same Feelings Without the Emotion\" (P. Barry, J. Robinson) - 3:13 \"Give It Some Emotion\" (2009 live radio session) (Chris Free, Lucy Loquette) - 4:39 \"Nothing Happens Here But You\" (2008 live radio session) (Paul Weller) - 3:41 \"Invitation\" (demo) (Tracie Young) - 4:53 \"Give It Some Emotion\" (original 12\" extended remix) (Chris Free, Lucy Loquette) - 5:30 Personnel Tracie Young - vocals Jake Fluckery - guitar Kevin Miller - bass, backing vocals Helen Turner - keyboards Steve Sidelnyk - drums References External links Far From the", "title": "Far from the Hurting Kind" }, { "docid": "41207042", "text": "May We Be Forgiven is a 2012 novel by American writer A. M. Homes. It won the 2013 Baileys Women's Prize for Fiction (formerly the Orange Prize for Fiction). Writing and publication What became the first chapter of the novel was published as a short story in Granta Magazine 100th issue in 2007. It was selected by Salman Rushdie for The Best American Short Stories 2008. Homes went on to develop characters and plot as a novel. Plot The central character is Harry Silver, a professor based in New York City whose specialty is \"Nixonology\", the study of former US President Richard Nixon. His brother George is a TV executive who ends up in a psychiatric ward after a car accident in which two people die. Harry falls into an affair with George's wife Jane while trying to comfort and assist her. After walking out of the hospital, George finds them together and kills Jane. He is committed to a mental institution for the murder. This horrific first chapter of loss sets up the rest of the novel. In the aftermath of the scandal, Harry's wife leaves him. He moves from Manhattan into George's suburban life to care for his dog, and nephew and niece, a boy and a girl who each attend elite boarding schools. Harry functions as an innocent abroad in this different world, allowing for numerous satirical encounters and observations. He goes through a kind of redemption, cobbling together a kind of family, including three generations. Critical reaction Garth Risk Hallberg in The New York Times found influences of authors Don DeLillo and John Cheever in Homes' earlier work and this novel, saying while \"Homes’s early work traded on the dissonance between the former’s 'Kulturkritik' and the latter’s introspection, “May We Be Forgiven” fumbles toward harmony.\" He criticised Homes' style as too flat and minimalistic. He noted that Harry is \"a figurative cousin to Jack Gladney, the “Hitler studies” scholar in DeLillo’s “White Noise”.\" Hallberg found the book to be overly detailed and its satire superficial and dated. The review concluded by saying the novel was \"a picaresque in which nothing much happens, a confession we can’t quite believe, a satire whose targets are already dead.\" The Guardian found it a \"very uneven novel, rickety, meandering and repetitive\", impressive in its humor but featuring \"an uneasy mixture of truism (be nice to children, animals, strangers) and kitsch (form friendships with immigrants who work at fast food outlets, listen to the wise medicine man)\". It concluded, \"'May We Be Forgiven' is a semi-serious, semi-effective, semi-brilliant novel which could not be called, overall, an artistic success. But you'd have to have no sense of the absurd, and no sense of humour, not to be pretty impressed.\" The Independent found it very entertaining, with \"delicious black humour, her sharp characterisation, and – yes – that thrilling narrative intensity.\" Critic David Evans thought the work was too particular to stand for \"state-of-the-nation\" satire, as another critic had characterized it. The novel", "title": "May We Be Forgiven" }, { "docid": "27954029", "text": "Cherry Tree Lane is a 2010 British drama horror-thriller film, written and directed by Paul Andrew Williams. Plot In a house at Cherry Tree Lane, distant couple Christine (Rachael Blake) and Mike (Tom Butcher) are eating dinner while their son, Sebastian, is out at football practice. When the doorbell rings and Christine goes to answer it, the couple is attacked by Rian (Jumayn Hunter), Asad (Ashley Chin), and Teddy (Sonny Muslim), who hold them both hostage and tie them up in their front room. Knowing Sebastian will be returning at 9pm, the group waits for his return so that they can get revenge on him for grassing on Rian's cousin and getting him sent to prison; Teddy leaves with Mike's credit cards to find a cash machine. Rian suddenly drags Christine into another room to presumably rape her, leaving Asad to guard a frustrated Mike. Asad allows Mike to have a drink and explains that he is not as violent as Rian, and tells Mike details about his life. Rian's school friends, Beth (Jennie Jacques) and Charman (Corinne Douglas), and Beth's younger brother Oscar, then arrive with an axe for Rian to use on Sebastian. Oscar gets sent into the kitchen, while Teddy returns with Mike's money for Rian to send to his cousin. Sebastian returns home and is dragged upstairs to his room by the teenagers, who begin to torture and beat him. Hearing his son's screams, Mike desperately struggles to free himself, and is able to knock a knife off the dinner table so that he can cut his wrists free. He goes into the next room to find a traumatised Christine tied up and naked underneath a blanket. Arming himself with a candlestick, he attempts to sneak upstairs, but his presence is alerted by Charman who was exiting the bathroom. Asad, Teddy, Charman, and Beth flee from the house, while Mike grapples with Rian, before finally beating him down with the candlestick and then his fists. Christine comes upstairs to comfort a bloodied, finger-less Sebastian who slowly loses consciousness in her arms, while she hysterically screams for Mike to do something. Mike goes downstairs to call 999, then goes into the kitchen to drink from the tap, when he senses someone behind him and turns around to see Oscar standing there. The film ends with Mike, knife in hand, and Oscar both staring at each other, unsure of what to do next. Cast Production Based on a specially written script template, the film was made for Steel Mill Pictures. The director Paul Andrew Williams began the shooting of the psychological thriller on 16 July 2009 in North London. Ken Marshall produced the film for UK Film Council and Steel Mill Pictures. Release The film premiered on 23 June 2010 as part of the Edinburgh International Film Festival 2010. Cherry Tree Lane is part of the Film4 Frightfest on 29 August 2010. Metrodome Distribution holds the rights for the sales in England. Critical reception The film received mixed", "title": "Cherry Tree Lane" }, { "docid": "43925203", "text": "The Bodyguard, also known as My Beloved Bodyguard, () is a 2016 Hong Kong Chinese action film starring and directed by Sammo Hung in his first film as directed since 1997, and produced by Andy Lau, who makes a special appearance. The film was released on 1 April 2016. Plot The film is set in the 2000s in a medium-sized Chinese city located in northeast China, close to the Russian border. An old, overweight man named Ding witnesses a man being stabbed by a gang, but when he is summoned by the police to identify the suspect, he hesitates and is unable to. The police research Ding's background and discover that he is a retired Central Security Bureau officer from Beijing, and they figure that he is suffering from dementia. Back at his home, Ding is frequently invited for supper by his land-lord, Park, an elderly lady who is attracted to him. Ding, in turn, frequently cares for a little girl next door named Cherry, whose father, Li, is an abusive gambler. When Li becomes heavily in debt because of his gambling, Choi, a Chinese person of Korean descent, who happens to be the leader of the aforementioned gang, forces Li to embark on a criminal assignment. Li is driven to a hotel and told to steal the shoulder-bag of a Russian gang leader. The alarm is raised but Li escapes with the bag after a protracted chase. However, upon being told that his debt isn't absolved, Li goes into hiding, taking the bag with him. Choi reacts by sending men to abduct Li's daughter. Meanwhile, the Russian gang leader feels angry and plans an attack against Choi's gang for violating their territory. Choi's gang members follow Cherry and assault Ding's home after she enters it, but to their dismay, Ding proves to be a remarkable fighter, and they are repelled. To avoid arrest, two of them are sent by Choi to hide in the countryside. The police, noticing that Li has disappeared, send Cherry to live with her aunt and uncle. However, within a short time, the aunt and uncle wish to eject her, and Ding agrees to provide for her living. Then one night, Cherry goes missing, and what is more, Li suddenly appears in Ding's home, bringing money in order to compensate Ding for his service. As Li exits the house, he is assaulted by Choi's gang and killed, and the shoulder-bag is taken back. Ding, who has been plagued with guilt for years, ever since his granddaughter went missing on a hiking trip, resolves to bring Cherry back using force. He visits the gambling house demanding Cherry's release, and when Choi's gang attempts to kill him, he overpowers around 20 of them including a skilled knife assassin. At that moment, some of the Russian gang members appear and start to kill the rest of Choi's men in an attempt to reclaim their stolen money. Seeing this, Choi escapes, but not before Ding wounds his leg. The", "title": "The Bodyguard (2016 film)" }, { "docid": "77653", "text": "Heaven Can Wait is a 1943 Technicolor American supernatural comedy film produced and directed by Ernst Lubitsch. The screenplay was by Samson Raphaelson based on the play Birthday by Ladislaus Bus-Fekete. The music score was by Alfred Newman and the cinematography by Edward Cronjager. The film tells the story of a man who has to prove he belongs in Hell by telling his life story. It stars Gene Tierney, Don Ameche, and Charles Coburn. The supporting cast includes Marjorie Main, Laird Cregar, Spring Byington, Allyn Joslyn, Eugene Pallette, Signe Hasso, Louis Calhern, Tod Andrews, and Clara Blandick. Plot An aged Henry Van Cleve enters the opulent reception area of \"where innumerable people had told him so often to go\", to be personally greeted by \"His Excellency\". Henry petitions to be admitted (fully aware of the kind of life he has led), but some doubt exists as to his qualifications. To prove his worthiness (or rather unworthiness), he begins to tell the story of his dissolute life. Born in Manhattan on October 25, 1872, Henry is the spoiled only child of stuffy, naive, wealthy parents Randolph and Bertha. His paternal grandmother is also doting and naive, although his down-to-earth grandfather Hugo Van Cleve, a self-made millionaire, understands Henry quite well. Henry grows up to be an idle young man with a taste for attractive showgirls. One day, Henry overhears a beautiful woman lying to her mother on a public telephone. Intrigued, he follows her into a Brentano's bookstore and pretends to be an employee to get to know her better. Despite learning that she is engaged to marry, he begins making advances, finally confessing he does not work there, whereupon she hastily departs. Later, his obnoxious cousin Albert introduces the family to his fiancée, Martha, and her feuding parents, the Strables. Henry is shocked to find that his mystery woman and Martha are one and the same. It turns out that Albert was the first suitor of whom both her parents approved. Fearful of spending the rest of her life as a spinster in Kansas City, Martha agreed to marry him. Henry convinces her to elope with him instead. Though everyone except Grandpa Van Cleve is scandalized, eventually they are received back into the family. Henry and Martha enjoy a happy marriage and become the proud parents of a boy. On the eve of their tenth anniversary, however, Martha finds out about what appears to be Henry's continuing dalliances with other women and goes back to her parents. Henry and Grandpa follow her there. Sneaking into the Strable house, Henry corrects the misunderstanding, begs her forgiveness, and talks her into \"eloping\" a second time, much to Grandpa's delight. Fifteen years later, Henry meets chorus girl Peggy Nash in her dressing room shortly before her performance. What seems to be an attempt at courtship is soon revealed as an attempt by Henry to turn her away from his son, Jack, who has been dating her. When Peggy reveals her knowledge of his", "title": "Heaven Can Wait (1943 film)" }, { "docid": "6077962", "text": "Cherry pie is a pie baked with a cherry filling. Traditionally, cherry pie is made with sour cherries rather than sweet cherries. Morello cherries are one of the most common kinds of cherry used, but other varieties such as the black cherry may also be used. Cherry pie is associated with Europe and North America and is mentioned in the lyrics of American folk songs such as \"Billy Boy\". Due to the cherry harvest in midsummer coinciding with Canada Day on July 1 and America's Independence Day on July 4, cherry pie is often served on these holidays. It is also associated with the celebration of Washington's Birthday because of the legend of young Washington's honesty regarding the felling of a cherry tree. Cherry pie is often served and eaten with whipped cream or ice cream. A common preparation tradition in the United States is to decorate the crust with ornate pastry patterns. In the United States, requires that frozen cherry pies contain at least 25% cherries, of which no more than 15% have blemishes. Artificial sweeteners are not permitted. In April 2019, the FDA proposed eliminating these standards. See also Can She Bake a Cherry Pie? Donauwelle List of cherry dishes List of pies, tarts and flans Pie in American cuisine References External links American pies British pies Fruit pies Sour cherries pie Thanksgiving food Christmas food", "title": "Cherry pie" }, { "docid": "76601860", "text": "Cherry blossoms play an important role in the city of Seattle, in the U.S. state of Washington. Seattle has more than 1,000 cherry trees donated by Japan as a symbol of friendship. Christine Clarridge of Axios Seattle wrote, \"The annual bloom of cherry trees across Seattle symbolizes the end of the dark months and the beginning of spring, drawing residents and swarms of tourists to the city's most popular viewing places.\" The season's peak varies depending on weather conditions, but generally lasts from January to March. Cherry blossoms are used for beautification purposes and have been as a symbolic gesture of friendship between Japan and the U.S. for more than a century. In 2024, Time Out included Seattle in a list of the thirteen best places for cherry blossom viewing in the United States. Viewing sites and associated events Popular sites for cherry blossom viewing can be found in the University District, at Seattle Center, at Seward Park, as well as a stretch of Lake Washington Boulevard north of the park. The annual Cherry Blossom and Japanese Cultural Festival, established in 1976, was originally held at the park before moving to Seattle Center. Eleven new cherry trees were planted at Seattle Center in February 2024. Other parks with cherry trees include Green Lake Park, Jefferson Park, and Washington Park Arboretum. The Seattle Japanese Garden has cherry trees. Pike Place Market in downtown Seattle also has cherry trees; eight trees were planted along Pike Street in December 2023. A stretch along 22nd Avenue, between East John Street and East Republican Street, has Chinese double cherry, Kwanzan flowering cherry (Prunus 'Kanzan'), and Yoshino cherry blossoms. Part of Condon Way West, has Kwanzan trees. An area near NE 55th Street and 12th Avenue NE is also known for blossoms. Outside Seattle, cherry trees can be found throughout the region, including Downtown Bellevue Park, the Washington State Capitol campus in Olympia, and Tacoma's Point Defiance Park. University District The Quad, on the campus of the University of Washington, has 29 Yoshino cherry trees. According to an arborist with the university, \"Historically, peak bloom in the Quad typically begins during the third full week of March and goes into the fourth week of March.\" Peak viewing season at the Quad can result in increased traffic and limited parking. In 2024, approximately 80 businesses participated in the U District Cherry Blossom Festival, which features \"blossom-themed\" activities and food options. The Seattle Cherry Blossom Run goes through the campus and Burke-Gilman Trail. Chinatown–International District In the Chinatown–International District, Little Saigon has cherry trees, and Mt. Fuji cherry trees can be found along the northeast edge of Kobe Terrace. In 2024, the Seattle Department of Transportation planted eleven new cherry trees outside the Japanese Cultural and Community Center. See also Hanami References External links Cherry blossom Seattle", "title": "Cherry blossoms in Seattle" }, { "docid": "50818794", "text": "The Special Without Brett Davis is a public-access television show on Manhattan Neighborhood Network. The show takes the form of an ever-changing live \"special\" with a new format and performers, and a host portrayed by comedian Brett Davis. The show adopted the Wednesday night 11pm timeslot previously held by The Chris Gethard Show after it moved to cable. Contributors The show features a rotating cast of comedians in varying roles week to week, in character or as themselves. Past contributors include Jo Firestone, Chris Gethard, John Early, Ana Fabrega, Julio Torres, Anna Drezen, Bridey Elliott, Conner O'Malley, Joe Pera, Josh Gondelman, Cole Escola, James Adomian, Patti Harrison, Sunita Mani, Tallie Medel, Ziwe Fumudoh, John Reynolds, Anna Drezen, Ikechukwu Ufomadu, Matt Rogers, Zach Cherry and Bridey Elliott. Every episode featured a \"joke of the week\" from \"Mr. Jokes\" Steve Whalen, who mainly appeared as himself regardless of the episode's theme. Guests The show featured interviews with actors including Michael Shannon, Richard Kind, Natalia Tena, Danny Tamberelli, Alex Brightman, Rose McGowan, Dasha Nekrasova, Tim Williams, Kevin Corrigan and Logan Miller. The show also featured comedians such as Gilbert Gottfried, Janeane Garofalo, Brian Stack, Dave Hill, Jake Fogelnest, Artie Lange, and Tom Scharpling. The show also featured many names from the world of wrestling, including Lita, Dave Meltzer, New Jack, Virgil, Dalton Castle, Salina de la Renta, Low-Ki and Pat Buck. Other personalities that appeared include: Scott Rogowsky, Karley Sciortino, Lloyd Kaufman, Adam Richman, Chapo Trap House, Dasha Nekrasova, Jesse Camp and Marnie the Dog. Musical guests included Jerry Paper, The Thermals, Jean Grae, Screaming Females, Sloppy Jane, Thick, Emily Wells, Sunflower Bean, Mr Twin Sister, Meredith Graves, Guerilla Toss, M Lamar, Lushlife, Dougie Poole, Ava Luna, Domino Kirke, SAVAK, A Place To Bury Strangers, Jazzboy, Long Neck, Tredici Bacci, The Vandelles, Showtime Goma and more. Episodes References American English-language television shows American public access television American public access television shows Television shows filmed in New York City", "title": "The Special Without Brett Davis" }, { "docid": "15454255", "text": "Sakura Park is a public park located in the Morningside Heights neighborhood in Manhattan, New York City, north of West 122nd Street between Riverside Drive and Claremont Avenue. Situated between Riverside Church on the south, the Manhattan School of Music on the east, Grant's Tomb and Riverside Park on the west, and International House on its northern side, it is operated by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation (NYC Parks). History The park was originally called Claremont Park after Claremont Avenue, which runs on its east side. The land, originally owned by John D. Rockefeller, was purchased by the City of New York in 1896 for use as an extension of Riverside Park. In 1909, the Committee of Japanese Residents of New York donated 2,500 cherry blossom trees to the city, to commemorate the Hudson–Fulton Celebration. Only 700 trees arrived at Claremont Park, as the steamship carrying the trees had been lost at sea and most of the plants began to rot. In 1912, three years after its scheduled arrival, the surviving trees were planted in Riverside Park and Central Park, as well as the area surrounding Sakura Park. The park was subsequently renamed Sakura Park. As part of the construction of adjacent Riverside Church, Sakura Park underwent landscaping with $350,000 in funds from John D. Rockefeller Jr. in 1932. The renovation was completed two years later. In 1960, another gift was given to the park, this time by the City of Tokyo in the form of a stone lantern (), when New York City became her sister city. The then Crown Prince, and later Emperor of Japan, Akihito, was in attendance during the official dedication on October 10 of that year. Crown Prince Akihito would later rededicate the lantern with his princess in 1987. Features General Daniel Adams Butterfield, author of the bugle call, Taps, which is a standard component for concluding for US military funerals, stands on a rock pedestal as a larger-than-life-sized bronze statue by Gutzon Borglum—who is said to have been so annoyed by commissioning committees numerous demands for changes to the sculpture, that he marked his signature on the top of the general's head, claiming that this was the single aspect the committee had not required him to change. The statue is oriented such that it faces Grant's Tomb across Riverside Drive and thus it appears Butterfield is looking at the tomb of his fellow Civil War general and the president in whose cabinet he served as the Assistant Treasurer of the United States. The landscaping is dominated by two walks lined with mature linden trees, the branches meet overhead forming a leafy arcade. Between the two walks is a lawn, headed by a gazebo and planted with cherry trees. When the cherry trees bloom, people of Japanese ancestry come to celebrate Hanami and spread picnic blankets under the trees. The cherry bloom is preceded in spring by bulbs, beginning with snowdrops and continuing through tulips. Directly to the east is Claremont", "title": "Sakura Park" }, { "docid": "4920888", "text": "Stephen Henry Perry (born October 8, 1963) is an American musician, best known as lead singer, songwriter and rhythm guitarist for the Oregon ska-swing band the Cherry Poppin' Daddies. Early life Perry was born in Syracuse, New York, to a physicist and a social worker, and raised in Apalachin, outside the industrial city of Binghamton. He described Binghamton as being \"a poor, run down, loner-class town\", which would later serve as a significant influence on his songwriting. After graduating from Vestal High School in 1981, Perry moved to Eugene, Oregon, to pursue track and field and chemistry in the Honors College at the University of Oregon, where he befriended fellow student Dan Schmid. After being exposed to the Northwest punk and hardcore scene, Perry became inspired to follow a path as a musician, teaching himself guitar at age 20. Finding himself more interested in \"drinking beer and going to punk rock shows\" than attending college, Perry dropped out in his junior year in 1983 and formed the punk trio The Jazz Greats with Schmid and drummer Joe Brooks. Perry was also briefly involved with Snakepit alongside Billy Karren, Joe Preston, Laura Mcdougall and Al Larsen before performing with the Paisley Underground-styled band Saint Huck with Schmid and drummer Tim Arnold from 1984 to 1987. That trio went on to form what would become the Cherry Poppin' Daddies in late 1988. Cherry Poppin' Daddies After emerging as a successful regional band and eventually becoming a consistent staple of the West Coast third wave ska touring circuit, the Daddies broke into the musical mainstream with their 1997 album Zoot Suit Riot, a compilation of swing songs culled from the band's first three albums. The album sold over two million copies in the United States and helped launch the short-lived swing revival of the late 1990s, and brought the Daddies into the limelight. Nevertheless, Perry has often expressed contempt for the band's period of temporary fame, citing frustration over what he claimed was persistent and lingering media typecasting of the Daddies as a generic \"retro swing band\" at the expense of their dominant ska punk influences. Additionally, Perry has also talked about the socially alienating effects fame had on his personal life, claiming it to have negatively changed relationships with friends and even subjected him to occasional heckling from strangers who recognized him in public. In recent years, however, Perry has retrospectively called the success of Zoot Suit Riot \"a blessing\" for giving the band and himself the financial stability to continue; as he put it, \"no more blocks of government cheese\". Personal life During the Daddies' hiatus in late 2000, Perry temporarily relocated to Manhattan for the better part of two years to be closer to his family and \"chill anonymously\". Upon moving back to Eugene, Perry re-enrolled at the University of Oregon, pursuing an undergraduate degree in molecular biology, graduating in 2004 with a Bachelor of Science. During this time, Perry was also active singing in the glam rock band White", "title": "Steve Perry (Oregon musician)" }, { "docid": "1450449", "text": "David Grandison Fairchild (April 7, 1869 – August 6, 1954) was an American botanist and plant explorer. Fairchild was responsible for the introduction of more than 200,000 exotic plants and varieties of established crops into the United States, including soybeans, pistachios, mangos, nectarines, dates, bamboos, and flowering cherries. Certain varieties of wheat, cotton, and rice became especially economically important. Early life and education Fairchild was born in Lansing, Michigan and was raised in Manhattan, Kansas. He was a member of the Fairchild family, descendants of Thomas Fairchild of Stratford, Connecticut. He graduated from Kansas State College of Agriculture (B.A. 1888, M.S. 1889) where his father, George Fairchild, was president. He continued his studies at Iowa State and at Rutgers with his uncle, Byron Halsted, a noted biologist. He received an honorary D.Sc. degree from Oberlin College in 1915. Career Barbour Lathrop, a wealthy world traveler, persuaded Fairchild to become a plant explorer for the US Department of Agriculture. Lathrop and another wealthy patron, Allison Armour, financed some of Fairchild's many explorations for new plants to be introduced into the U.S. Fairchild was the author of a number of popular books on his plant collecting expeditions. Of those early travels, Fairchild wrote, \"I am glad that I saw a few of the quiet places of the world before the coming of automobiles...\". For many years Fairchild managed the Office of Seed and Plant Introduction of the U.S. Department of Agriculture in Washington, D.C. One accomplishment was to help introduce flowering cherry trees from Japan to Washington. He is also credited with introducing kale, quinoa and avocados to Americans. In 1898, he established the introduction garden for tropical plants in Miami, Florida. In 1905 he married Marian Bell, the younger daughter of Alexander Graham Bell. Fairchild was a member of the board of trustees of the National Geographic Society, and an officer in what is now called the Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing. In 1926, the Fairchilds built a home on an parcel on Biscayne Bay in Coconut Grove, Florida. They named it \"The Kampong\", after similar family compounds in Java, Indonesia, where Fairchild had spent so many happy days collecting plants. He covered this property with an extraordinary collection of rare tropical trees and plants and eventually wrote a book about the place, entitled The World Grows Round my Door. In 1984, The Kampong became part of the National Tropical Botanical Garden. In 1938, he was honored by having the Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden in Coral Gables named after him. He was also the namesake of David Fairchild Elementary in South Miami. University of Miami Fairchild was a member of the board of regents of the University of Miami from 1929 to 1933. For three of those years he was chairman of the board. In 1933, he was awarded the Public Welfare Medal from the National Academy of Sciences. His son, Alexander Graham Bell Fairchild, lived and worked as a research entomologist for 33 years", "title": "David Fairchild" }, { "docid": "19772933", "text": "Pride's Crossing is a play by Tina Howe. It received the New York Drama Critics Circle Award for Best American Play and was a finalist for the 1997 Pulitzer Prize for Drama. The play focuses on 90-year-old Mabel Tidings Bigelow, who as a young woman was the first female to swim the English Channel from England to France. In her introduction to the play, Howe wrote, \"For some time now I've wanted to write about the passion of old ladies.\" Production history Pride's Crossing was first produced at the Old Globe Theatre in San Diego in January 1997. Directed by Jack O'Brien, it starred Cherry Jones as Mabel. O'Brien and Jones reunited for the Off-Broadway Lincoln Center Theater production, which opened at the Mitzi E. Newhouse Theater on December 7, 1997 and closed on April 5, 1998 after 137 performances. The cast included Dylan Baker, Julia McIlvaine, David Lansbury, and Casey Biggs. Ben Brantley of the New York Times said the play can \"seem as garrulous and repetitive as a conversation-starved alumna at a 50-year college reunion. The affection that animates the play is evident . . . so is the dramatist's ear for the music in everyday conversation. But while Pride's Crossing is infused with Ms. Howe's lyrical sense of mortality and of the traps of sexual and social identity, this latest work from the author of Coastal Disturbances can also be like something its no-nonsense heroine might start to read and throw out as romantic hokum . . . Ms. Howe has said her works tend to alienate men because of her expressly feminine perspective. But the special flavor of her writing has more to do with a kind of whimsy that translates theatrical absurdism into costume-party cuteness.\" The play was revived at the Off-Broadway T. Schreiber Studio from March 25 - April 18, 2004. Glenn Krutoff directed Tatjana Vujosevic as Mabel Tidings Bigelow. Overview As the time goes backward and forward, Mabel Tidings Bigelow is seen in the present as a 90-year-old woman. She is then seen as a shy young woman from a rich and privileged Boston family, but who is most comfortable with the servants. Through her love of swimming, she finds strength and endurance. As she prepares to swim the English Channel her mother does not approve and her father is not present very often. In her old age, Mabel makes a connection with her young great-granddaughter, Minty Renoir. Awards and nominations Tina Howe won the New York Drama Critics' Circle Award for Best American Play. The play was a finalist for the 1997 Pulitzer Prize for Drama (there was no winner for 1997). The pulitzer jury said: \"a play that moves around the Twentieth Century with an elegance that is the hallmark of this... work.\" Cherry Jones won the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actress in a Play, the Outer Critics Circle Award for Outstanding Actress in a Play, and the Lucille Lortel Award for Outstanding Actress. Kenneth Posner won the Lucille Lortel", "title": "Pride's Crossing" }, { "docid": "39684169", "text": "Shovel Ready is a science fiction novel by Sternbergh. It is Sternbergh's first novel and was released on January 14, 2014, by the Crown Publishing Group. It shortlisted for the Edgar Allan Poe Award for Best First Novel in .2015. Setting The book takes place in a devastated near-future New York City when economic disparity and gentrification spiked in pronounced ways. Its narrator and main character roams around a depopulated New York in order to get and perform contracts. Meanwhile, the middle class have fled the area. The rich can afford to escape reality whenever they want, and the less fortunate must \"contend with the charred remains of Manhattan.\" Reception The novel has been reviewed by Publishers Weekly, The Boston Globe , The Guardian, Chicago Tribune. A running theme was that the novel, while enjoyed by many of the reviewers, is not for all audiences due to its subject matter and tone. Writing for Chicago Tribune, Michael Robbins called the novel \"a lean thriller\" but admitted that it's \"not perfect or anything\", a \"less ambitious work than those geek scriptures\" like William Gibson's Neuromancer (1984) and Neal Stephenson's Snow Crash (1992). \"Once you hear the plot description ... either you know it’s not for you or you want to know if it's as awesome as it sounds.\" Jesse Singal of The Boston Globe summed that the book \"strikes out at many targets and mostly connects\", but that \"certain sci-fi elements are served up merely lukewarm.\" Kirkus Reviews described it as \"tough, sordid and definitely not for every taste.\" In the Guardian, the reviewer wonders about the appeal of psychopaths as heroes, antiheroes or narrators – \"what's with all the lovable murderers? Shovel Ready suggests, in an oblique kind of way, that the issue is one of a broader social disengagement, but I think there's something more designedly amoral going on.\" Many outlets praised the prose writing and narrative style, primarily commenting on the cadence of the hitman protagonist, with markedly rhythmic and short sentences, \"telegraphic in style\". \"Sternbergh\", Robbins said, \"knows his away around the style\", and splitting the cuteness that is good writing from the minority of times that it goes overboard, assessed that \"most of the novel is likably streamlined.\" Singal, despite reservtions, \"an enjoyable read, mostly because of Spademan’s strong — if occasionally heavyhanded — narration.\" the Guardian said that the plot drives grippingly, it is Chandleresque, with \"tough-guy brevity leavened with hard-edged wit\" & \"swiftness, structured around a series of expertly timed twists and shocks.\" Publishers Weekly was less kind, decrying it \"low-rent Raymond Chandler noir told in the style of very late James Ellroy.\" Adaption A feature film based on the novel is in development by Warner Bros. Erwin Stoff will produce the film. Denzel Washington is expected to play the central role, a hitman in New York City. References External links Review, Shovel Ready at Upcoming4.me 2014 American novels American science fiction novels American novels adapted into films 2014 debut novels Crown Publishing Group", "title": "Shovel Ready (novel)" }, { "docid": "37075123", "text": "Peter de Jonge (born April 5, 1954) is an American writer of fiction and non-fiction. His first novel \"Shadows Still Remain\" (2009) was a Washington Post Best Book of the Year and the three novels he co-authored with James Patterson were #1 New York Times Best Sellers. He has been a frequent contributor to The New York Times Magazine since 1986, as well as New York magazine, National Geographic, DETAILS, Harper's Bazaar and Manhattan, inc. His non-fiction has been republished in numerous anthologies including Best American Sports Writing in 1996 and 2004. He lives in New York, where his crime novels are set. Background and education Peter de Jonge was born in Stamford, Connecticut, and except for three years in Switzerland as a child, grew up there. As a teenager, he was a highly ranked tennis player and competed in the National Juniors in Kalamazoo, Michigan. His father, Alfred de Jonge, was born in Frankfurt, Germany, where he escaped the Holocaust in 1937, then returned eight years later with the U.S. Army to help defeat the German forces. His mother Jane de Jonge is an artist. After graduating from Princeton University in 1977, de Jonge worked for weekly papers in Ridgefield, Wilton and Redding, Connecticut, and for the Associated Press in Newark and Albany. In the mid-eighties, while employed as a copywriter at J. Walter Thompson in New York, he began writing for Manhattan, inc., The New York Times Magazine and National Geographic. When those pieces came to the attention of James Patterson, an executive at JWT who was just establishing himself as a best selling author, he hired de Jonge to be the first of his many co-authors on the golf novel Miracle on the 17th Green (1996). After two more partnerships with Patterson on The Beach House (2002) and Beach Road (2006), de Jonge broke off to create his own critically acclaimed series featuring NYPD Det. Darlene O'Hara, modeled in part on NYPD Homicide Det. Donna Torres. Shadows Still Remain was published in 2009 and Buried on Avenue B in 2012. Books Buried on Avenue B (2012) Shadows Still Remain (2009) Books co-authored with James Patterson Miracle on the 17th Green (1996) The Beach House (2002) Beach Road (2006) Miracle at Augusta (2015) Miracle at St. Andrews (2019) Tiger, Tiger (2024) Articles \"Born on the Baseline,\" 30 October 1988 https://www.nytimes.com/1988/10/30/magazine/born-on-the-baseline.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm \"A Soviet Hoopster in the Promised Land,\" 5 November 1989 https://www.nytimes.com/1989/11/05/magazine/a-soviet-hoopster-in-the-promised-land.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm \"A 90's Kind of Rivalry,\" 27 August 1995 http://www.samprasfanz.com/news/1990/19950827.html \"When the Putting Goes Bad,\" 13 March 1988 https://www.nytimes.com/1988/03/13/magazine/when-the-putting-goes-bad.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm \"The Leap of His Life; A Rookie and His Burdens,\" 22 June 2003 https://www.nytimes.com/2003/06/22/magazine/the-leap-of-his-life-a-rookie-and-his-burdens.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm \"Television's Final Frontier,\" 22 August 1999 https://www.nytimes.com/1999/08/22/magazine/television-s-final-frontier.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm \"Riding the Wild, Perilous Waters of Amazon.com,\" 14 March 1999 http://partners.nytimes.com/library/tech/99/03/biztech/articles/14amazon.html \"Being the Big Guy; Actor John Goodman: Funny and Formidable,\" 10 February 1991 https://www.nytimes.com/1991/02/10/magazine/being-the-big-guy-actor-john-goodman-funny-and-formidable.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm References \"An Author's Collaborator Goes It Alone,\" The New York Times: https://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/05/books/05dejo.html \"Writing solo proves rewarding for Peter de Jonge,\" New York Daily News: http://articles.nydailynews.com/2012-07-22/news/32791570_1_james-patterson-alex-cross-beach-house 1954 births Living people Writers from Stamford, Connecticut", "title": "Peter de Jonge" }, { "docid": "15045143", "text": "The Japan America Society of Greater Philadelphia (JASGP) is a private nonprofit and nonpartisan organization that promotes arts, business, and cultural exchange between the United States and Japan in the Greater Philadelphia region. The organization operates Shofuso, produces the Subaru Cherry Blossom Festival of Greater Philadelphia, and offers public educational and business programs. History The Japan America Society of Greater Philadelphia was incorporated in 1994 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It is a member of National Association of Japan-America Societies, a national non-profit U.S. network dedicated to public education about Japan. JASGP is the second largest Japan American Society, after the Japan Society in Manhattan. In 1998, JASGP began a citywide beautification program planting ornamental cherry blossom trees in Fairmount Park and along the banks of Philadelphia's Schuylkill River. This program became the Subaru Cherry Blossom Festival of Greater Philadelphia in 2003 following a title sponsorship from Subaru of America. In 2016, JASGP merged with Friends of the Japanese House and Garden, a private nonprofit which operated Shofuso Japanese House and Garden beginning in 1982. Built in 1953 in Kyoto, Japan, for an exhibition at New York City's Museum of Modern Art, Shofuso relocated to Fairmount Park and was constructed on the site of a Japanese garden built during the 1876 Centennial Exposition. JASGP commemorated Shofuso's 60th anniversary season in Fairmount Park in 2018. Events included an annual general meeting at Philadelphia City Hall and a series of special programs on site at Shofuso. Programs Shofuso Japanese House and Garden Subaru Cherry Blossom Festival of Greater Philadelphia US-Japan Business and Public Policy Series See also National Cherry Blossom Festival References External links NAJAS Japanese-American culture in Pennsylvania United States friendship associations Japan–United States relations 1994 establishments in Pennsylvania Organizations established in 1994 Culture of Philadelphia Non-profit organizations based in Philadelphia", "title": "Japan America Society of Greater Philadelphia" }, { "docid": "42792609", "text": "William Hammerstein (September 26, 1875 – June 10, 1914) was an American theater manager. He ran the Victoria Theatre on what became Times Square, Manhattan, presenting very popular vaudeville shows with a wide variety of acts. He was known for \"freak acts\", where celebrities or people notorious for scandals appeared on stage. Hammerstein's Victoria Theatre became the most successful in New York. Early years William Hammerstein was born in New York City on September 26, 1875, son of Oscar Hammerstein, the theater impresario, and his first wife, née Rose Blau. He started work as a press agent, then built a vaudeville theatre on 110th Street, Manhattan, called Little Coney Island. He also managed burlesque shows. Willie Hammerstein managed his father's Olympia Theater, which opened in 1895. In November 1896 Willie Hammerstein brought the Cherry Sisters to the Olympia roof garden. The sisters put on a terrible act where they sang sentimental, dialect or patriotic songs. One of them played the piano and another banged a drum. Willie knew how bad they were. He provided a net that protected them when the audience, as expected, started throwing produce and garbage at the stage. The word spread, and the sisters became a big draw. Oscar Hammerstein went bankrupt in 1898 and his Olympia theater, which Willie was managing, was sold at auction, but he simultaneously built the Victoria Theatre and the roof top Venetian Terrace Garden. Willie took over management of the complex, by then known collectively as \"Hammerstein's\", in February 1904. Victoria Theatre Willie was talented at finding, booking, and promoting variety acts, plays, and musicals. Willie mounted popular low-brow vaudeville shows at low prices. He promoted new performers and established celebrities of all types, physical freaks, illusionists, and risqué exotic dancers. The highly varied programs drew large, boisterous, and often noisy audiences. Willie Hammerstein ran the only vaudeville theater in Times Square, and had no other theatres. He was able to develop shows uniquely fitted to his local audience. The crowd at the Victoria like the rather jaded and cynical atmosphere, the stage slang and black humor. Acts could afford to include more sexual innuendo than in other houses. To keep costs and prices down, a typical Hammerstein bill would feature a few well-paid stars and a large number of lower-priced novelty acts. Hammerstein made the Victoria the most popular venue for vaudeville in New York. The Victoria was a grand building, and played some high-quality acts. As of 1905 the theater owners who booked through the William Morris Agency seemed likely to become dominant in the vaudeville industry. They included Hammerstein, Frederick Freeman Proctor, Timothy Sullivan and Percy G. Williams. Later the Keith-Albee circuit booking office gave Hammerstein a monopoly on big-time vaudeville in Times Square. Willie's father was much more interested in grand opera, and in 1906 opened the Manhattan Opera House. Revenue from the Victoria kept the opera house running. At one point Oscar Hammerstein, always short of money, moved to sell the Victoria to the Shubert", "title": "Willie Hammerstein" }, { "docid": "9117721", "text": "Two Bridges is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Manhattan, nestled at the southern end of the Lower East Side and Chinatown on the East River waterfront, near the footings of Brooklyn Bridge and of Manhattan Bridge. The neighborhood has been considered to be a part of the Lower East Side for much of its history. Two Bridges has traditionally been an immigrant neighborhood, previously populated by immigrants from Europe, and more recently from Latin America and China. The Two Bridges Historic District was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in September 2003. Two Bridges has a mix of tenement-style walk-up buildings and high-rise buildings that include mixed-income and affordable housing developments as well as public housing provided by the New York City Housing Authority (NYCHA). Description The Two Bridges neighborhood is bounded by the East River, East River Greenway, FDR Drive, and South Street to the south; East Broadway to the north; Montgomery Street to the east; and St. James Place, Pearl Street, and Brooklyn Bridge to the west. However, the Two Bridges Urban Renewal district lies between Manhattan Bridge and Williamsburg Bridge to the north. The neighborhood has two sections: the area between the Brooklyn Bridge and Manhattan Bridge that borders Chinatown, and an area to the east of the Manhattan Bridge that borders the Lower East Side. To the west of the Two Bridges neighborhood is the Civic Center and the Financial District. In 2013, real estate developer Extell headed by Gary Barnett acquired a former Pathmark grocery store site at 227 Cherry Street east of the Manhattan Bridge. In 2014, Extell announced that it would build a 68-story market-rate condo tower and a separate 13-story affordable development on the site. The HBO series Flight of the Conchords was based in the Two Bridges neighborhood. Etymology One of the first uses of the term to describe the area was employed by the naming of the Two Bridges Neighborhood Council in 1955. Two Bridges Historic District In September 2003, the Two Bridges Historic District was listed in the National Register of Historic Places. The district is a nine-block area, roughly bounded by East Broadway, Market Street, Cherry Street, Catherine Street, Madison Street, and St. James Place. The district includes the following landmarks on state and federal historic registers: First Cemetery of Congregation Shearith Israel Knickerbocker Village housing development Mariners Temple The Sea and Land Church St. James Church William and Rosamond Clark House Alfred E. Smith House (in which New York Governor Al Smith was born) Earlier ethnic populations For much of the 20th century, the area was mainly populated by European immigrants such as Jewish, Italian, Irish, and Greeks. Later on, an influx of Latin American immigrants also settled into the area especially from Puerto Rico. Starting in the 1960s, an influx of Chinese immigrants mainly Cantonese speaking coming from Hong Kong and Guangdong province began flooding into the nearby Chinatown neighborhood, but eventually as it could not accommodate their continuing growing", "title": "Two Bridges, Manhattan" }, { "docid": "5897896", "text": "John Francis Oscar Arpin (3 December 1936 – 8 November 2007) was a Canadian composer, recording artist and entertainer, best known for his work as a virtuoso ragtime pianist. Born in Port McNicoll, Ontario Arpin studied piano at The Royal Conservatory of Music, earning his ARCT diploma in 1953. He also studied at the Faculty of Music, University of Toronto. Arpin performed and toured widely. He died 8 November 2007 in Toronto, Ontario. Recording career Arpin recorded more than sixty albums, mostly of ragtime, but also played Broadway music, pop music, and classical music. In 2002, he recorded seven CDs of piano solo music on the April Avenue record label. These albums consisted of favorite Broadway themes and familiar pop tunes. While just two compilations are still available in CD format, most of the other tracks can still be found on iTunes. Here is a complete list: A Nightingale Sang in Berkeley Square All The Way An Affair To Remember Any Dream Will Do As Time Goes By Bewitched Blue Moon Brian's Song Cabaret Call Me Irresponsible Cheek To Cheek Climb Every Mountain Dear Heart Don't Cry For Me Argentina Edelweiss Fly Me to the Moon Georgia on My Mind Getting To Know You Have You Met Miss Jones? Hello Young Lovers Here I Didn't Know What Time It Was I Left My Heart in San Francisco I Only Have Eyes For You I Will Wait For You If I Loved You Isn't It Romantic? It Had To Be You It Might As Well Be Spring It's Impossible I've Got You Under My Skin Jean Killing Me Softly La Mer Little Girl Blue Love Is A Many-Splendored Thing Mame Manhattan Memory Misty Moon River More Mountain Greenery My Funny Valentine My Romance My Way Nadia's Theme Oh What a Beautiful Morning On The Street Where You Live Once Upon A Time Over The Rainbow People People Will Say We're in Love Put on a Happy Face Que Sera Raindrops Keep Falling on My Head Sera Smile Smoke Gets in Your Eyes Some Enchanted Evening Spanish Eyes Spring Is Here Star Dust Stranger on the Shore Tammy The Blue Room The Days of Wine And Roses The Entertainer The Look of Love The Music of the Night The Shadow of Your Smile The Sound of Music The Surrey with the Fringe on Top The Way We Were Theme From \"Nicholas And Alexandra\" There And Everywhere There's A Small Hotel Till There Was You Tomorrow Unchained Melody Unforgettable We Kiss in a Shadow What I Did For Love What Kind of Fool Am I? When I Fall in Love Where Or When Who Can I Turn To? With A Song in My Heart Yesterday You Took Advantage of Me Performances Arpin performed as a solo entertainer and with orchestras throughout the world. In Canada, he performed with Maureen Forrester and Peter Appleyard. He made several appearances at the Mariposa Folk Festival, the St. Louis Ragtime Festival, and the Scott Joplin Festival in", "title": "John Arpin" }, { "docid": "28782709", "text": "The Samuel Osgood House, also known as the Walter Franklin House, was the first official residence of the President of the United States. It housed George Washington, his family, and household staff, from April 23, 1789, to February 23, 1790, during New York City's two-year term as the national capital. Demolished in 1856, it stood at the northeast corner of what was Pearl and Cherry (today Dover) streets in what is now Civic Center, Manhattan, New York City. Origin and use as presidential residence The owner, Samuel Osgood, was a Massachusetts politician and lawyer, who settled in New York City. He married Maria Bowne Franklin, widow of Walter Franklin, the merchant who had built the house in 1770. Congress rented it for Washington's use, and the President-Elect moved in a week before his April 30, 1789, inauguration as first President of the United States. In addition to living quarters, the Osgood House contained the President's private office (the equivalent of the Oval Office) and the public business office (the equivalent of the West Wing), making it the first seat of the executive branch of the federal government. The Samuel Osgood Papers, at the New York Historical Society, list purchases made to prepare the mansion for Washington occupancy. I went the morning before the General's arrival to look at it. The best of furniture in every room, and the greatest quantity of plate and china I ever saw; the whole of the first and second stories is papered and the floors covered with the richest kinds of Turkey and Wilton carpets. There is scarcely anything talked about now but General Washington and the Palace. Steward Samuel Fraunces, former owner of nearby Fraunces Tavern, managed a household staff of about 20: wage workers, indentured servants, and enslaved servants. Slavery was legal in New York, and Washington brought seven enslaved Africans from Mount Vernon to work in his presidential household: William Lee, Christopher Sheels, Giles, Paris, Austin, Moll, and Oney Judge. Two of Martha Washington's grandchildren were part of the First Family: Nelly Custis (b. 1779) and \"Wash\" Custis (b. 1781). Soon after his inauguration, Washington became seriously ill with a tumor on his thigh (possibly caused by anthrax poisoning). Cherry Street was cordoned off to prevent his being disturbed. Later years The house was rented for one year at an annual rent of $845, but the president vacated it after ten months when a larger residence became available. Washington moved to the Alexander Macomb House at 39–41 Broadway, which he occupied from February 23 to August 30, 1790. Under the July 1790 Residence Act, the national capital moved to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, for a 10-year period, while the permanent national capital was under construction in the District of Columbia. The Osgood House was demolished in 1856. In 1899, the Daughters of the American Revolution marked its location with a bronze plaque, where Pearl Street crosses under the Brooklyn Bridge approach. See also Alexander Macomb House, second Presidential mansion President's House (Philadelphia), third Presidential", "title": "Samuel Osgood House" }, { "docid": "1965052", "text": "The MSG Network (MSG) is an American regional cable and satellite television network, and radio service owned by MSG Entertainment, Inc.—a spin-off of the main Madison Square Garden Company operation (itself a spin-off of local cable provider Cablevision). Primarily serving the Mid-Atlantic United States, its programming focuses on events featuring and other programs about New York City sports teams, including live game broadcasts of the New York Knicks of the National Basketball Association, and the New York Rangers, New York Islanders, Buffalo Sabres, and New Jersey Devils of the National Hockey League. The channel is named after the Madison Square Garden sports and entertainment venue in Midtown Manhattan, home of the Knicks and Rangers. History What would become MSG debuted on October 15, 1969, with an NHL hockey game between the New York Rangers and the Minnesota North Stars. As a result, it became the first regional sports network in North America, and one of the first of its kind in the world. The channel, which at the time did not even have a name, was carried by Manhattan Cable Television under a one-year, 125-event deal that was signed in May 1969. At the time, the cable provider, which had televised New York Knicks and Rangers post-season games the previous spring for a $25,000 rights fee, had only 13,000 subscribers. (The channel's coverage of the deciding game of the 1970 NBA Finals, in which the Knicks beat the Los Angeles Lakers, was the only live broadcast of the game shown in New York City; WABC-TV blacked out ABC's telecast.) Madison Square Garden renewed the deal with what was now Sterling Manhattan Cable Television in the fall of 1970, in a five-year deal at an estimated rights fee of $1–1.5 million. Charles Dolan, who later headed MSG and Cablevision, was the president of Sterling Manhattan at the time. Games held at Madison Square Garden later appeared on another of Sterling Manhattan Cable's ventures, premium cable network Home Box Office (HBO) during the network's early years. In the meantime, an unrelated channel was launched on September 22, 1977 as a joint-venture of UA-Columbia Cablevision and the Madison Square Garden Corporation, and would brand itself the \"Madison Square Garden Sports Network\" in 1978 before the Sterling Manhattan Cable channel could use the name. The competitor would change its name in 1980 to the USA Network. In 1977, the Madison Square Garden Corp, which included its namesake sports arena was sold to Gulf+Western. Around the same time, a separate network was created by the Madison Square Garden Corp. to distribute 125 events to New York-area cable systems. These events were in addition to the 250 already being produced for the national distribution. It was this network which became known as Madison Square Garden Television that would evolve into the current MSG Network. On April 9, 1980, the channel began using both the full name \"Madison Square Garden Network\" and its new abbreviated form \"MSG Network\". In December 1988, MSG Network became the first cable", "title": "MSG Network" }, { "docid": "28792156", "text": "The Alexander Macomb House at 39–41 Broadway in Lower Manhattan, New York City, served as the second U.S. Presidential Mansion. President George Washington occupied it from February 23 to August 30, 1790, during New York City's two-year term as the national capital. The building was demolished in 1940, the last former U.S. presidential mansion to be demolished. Macomb Alexander Macomb (1748–1831) was an Irish-born American merchant and land speculator. He built the four-story city house on the west side of Broadway in 1786–1788. Macomb leased it to the French Minister Plenipotentiary, the Comte de Moustier, who occupied it until his return to Paris in early 1790. It was one of a block of three houses erected in 1787 and was four stories and an attic high, with a width of fifty-six feet. From the rear of the main rooms glass doors opened onto a balcony giving an uninterrupted view of the Hudson River. On entering, one found a large hall with a continuous flight of stairs to the top of the house. On each side of the hall were spacious, high-ceilinged rooms, used for the levees and dinners and always referred to by Washington as \"public rooms.\" President Washington purchased furniture, mirrors and draperies from the departing Minister with his own money, including American-made furniture in the French style. Some of these items survive at Mount Vernon and elsewhere. Presidential Mansion The first Presidential Mansion was the Samuel Osgood House at 1 Cherry Street in Manhattan, which Washington occupied from April 23, 1789, to February 23, 1790. He had been living there a week prior to his April 30, 1789, inauguration as first President of the United States. The Osgood House (demolished 1856) was in the most congested part of Manhattan, near the port along the East River, and Washington found it cramped for his presidential household. The Macomb House was significantly larger, located in a neighborhood just north of the Bowling Green. The presidential household functioned with a staff of about 20, composed of wage workers, indentured servants and enslaved servants. Slavery was legal in New York, and Washington brought 7 enslaved Africans from Mount Vernon to work in his presidential household: William Lee, Christopher Sheels, Giles, Paris, Austin, Moll, and Oney Judge. Two of Martha Washington's grandchildren were part of the First Family: Nelly Custis (born 1779) and \"Wash\" Custis (born 1781). Under the July 1790 Residence Act, the national capital moved to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, for a 10-year period while the permanent national capital was under construction in the District of Columbia. Washington vacated the Macomb House on August 30, 1790, and returned to Mount Vernon, stopping in Philadelphia to examine what was to become the third Presidential Mansion, the Masters–Penn–Morris House at 190 High Street. Hotel In 1821, the Macomb House was converted into Bunker's Mansion House Hotel: \"Bunker's Mansion House, a famous hotel, was situated at No. 39 Broadway, and was a large double-brick house, erected in 1786 by General Alexander Macomb as a residence for", "title": "Alexander Macomb House" }, { "docid": "23289657", "text": "Can She Bake a Cherry Pie? is a 1983 American comedy film directed by Henry Jaglom. It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1983 Cannes Film Festival. The film takes place in and was filmed in the New York City borough of Manhattan. It was released to mixed reviews. Plot Zee, a middle-aged musician who was abandoned by her husband, goes to a cafe in Manhattan where she orders the entire dessert section while crying. Eli, a middle-aged divorced social worker, notices and comes over to start a conversation to cheer her up. The two of them later start a relationship, but that relationship has problems that include jealousy, mistrust, and the fear of marriage. Things improve and they became a happy couple, despite peculiarities such as Eli using a meter to measure his heart rate during sex and hanging upside down in the closet. The main supporting character is Larry, who tries to seduce Zee. Cast Karen Black as Zee Michael Emil as Eli Production Can She Bake a Cherry Pie? was filmed in the Upper West Side of Manhattan, at locations within a 10-block radius of the American Museum of Natural History. Some of the places in the area do not exist anymore. The filmmakers relied on the regular pedestrian traffic to background the scenes, rather than hiring extras. Karen Black, who stars as Zee, composed the music for the film. Cameos include Orson Welles as a magician and Larry David as Eli's friend. The title of the movie comes from the lyric in the folk song \"Billy Boy\". Release The film was originally released at the 1983 Cannes Film Festival in the Un Certain Regard section. It later opened at only one New York theatre, the 68th Street Playhouse. It was released on VHS by itself and was released on DVD as a part of Henry Jaglom Collection vol. 2: The Comedies, along with Sitting Ducks and New Years Day. The film was presented in widescreen and the only special features for the film were trailers. Reception Critical reaction was mixed. Film critic David Thomson wrote: ' Cherry Pie is an actors' film in that it grows out of their personalities. It is as loose and unexpected as life, but as shaped and witty as a great short story. In truth, a new kind of film, about love, talk, happiness and failure, about acting and speaking, about New York and Karen Black, and about the way in which a germ of a situation and good players can build an absorbing, vital picture ... 'Cherry Pie' is a unique, memorable and daring film and could be the surprise hit of the year. It shows us that there is still a chance for confident, inspired charm in movies. A Sun-Sentinel reviewer called the film \"endearing\". A review in the book TLA Film, Video, and DVD Guide 2002-2003 said: \"Pure emotion meets pure logic and the result is an oddly charming couple\". On the other hand,", "title": "Can She Bake a Cherry Pie?" }, { "docid": "7735007", "text": "Any Wednesday is a 1966 American Technicolor romantic comedy film starring Jane Fonda, Jason Robards, and Dean Jones. It was directed by Robert Ellis Miller from a screenplay by producer Julius J. Epstein based on the play of the same name by Muriel Resnik, which ran for 984 performances from 1964 to 1966. The film was titled Bachelor Girl Apartment in the UK. The story centers on a Manhattan woman (Fonda) who is trying to decide between two suitors, one married (Robards) and one not (Jones), on the day of her 30th birthday. Plot John Cleves (Jason Robards) is a businessman with an office in New York and a home in New Jersey. On one day of each week, Wednesday, he spends the night in the city, lying to wife Dorothy (Rosemary Murphy) that he is out of town on business when he actually is seeing Ellen, his mistress (Jane Fonda). A business client from Akron, Ohio, Cass Henderson (Dean Jones), comes to town and is unable to find a hotel room for the night. Cleves' new secretary knows of an \"executive suite\" the boss maintains in town, so Cass is sent there for the night. When he meets Ellen, he mistakenly assumes she is a certain kind of lady hired by Cleves to entertain him. The secretary compounds the error by telling Dorothy about the apartment. Dorothy goes there and discovers Ellen and Cass, assuming them to be a young couple. The women take a liking to each other so Dorothy invites them to spend an evening out on the town with her and John. Dorothy eventually catches on to what her husband is up to and leaves him. Ellen invites her to use the apartment. John goes there and tries to win his wife's love back, but she just tells her husband to come visit her on any Wednesday. Cast Jane Fonda as Ellen Gordon Jason Robards as John Cleves Dean Jones as Cass Henderson Rosemary Murphy as Dorothy Cleves, reprising her role from the Broadway production. Ann Prentiss as Miss Linsley Jack Fletcher as Felix King Moody as Milkman Kelly Jean Peters as Girl in Museum Monty Margetts as Nurse Production Exterior location scenes for Any Wednesday were filmed in Manhattan, New York City. During the course of the 28-month run of the play Any Wednesday on Broadway, the role of Ellen was played by Sandy Dennis – who won a Tony Award for her performance – and Barbara Cook. Don Porter and Gene Hackman also appeared in it. Critical reception Richard F. Shepard of The New York Times was fairly positive, writing that the story had made the transition from stage to screen \"not much the worse for wear,\" though he felt \"it might have been better if it were shorter. The funny lines, and there are a good number, would have been even sharper.\" Variety called it \"an outstanding sophisticated comedy\" with \"solid direction and excellent performances.\" Philip K. Scheuer of the Los Angeles Times", "title": "Any Wednesday (film)" }, { "docid": "36761260", "text": "Live Tour 2007 ~Black Cherry~ Special Final in Tokyo Dome (stylized as Live Tour 2007 ~Black Cherry~ SPECIAL FINAL in Tokyo Dome), is Koda Kumi's seventh concert video. It reached No. 1 on the Oricon DVD charts and remained on the charts for twenty-four weeks. It sold a total of 105,712 copies in 2008. Information Live Tour 2007 ~Black Cherry~ Special Final in Tokyo Dome is Japanese singer-songwriter Kumi Koda's seventh concert DVD. As with her previous concert video releases, Live Tour 2007 ~Black Cherry~ charted at No. 1 on the Oricon Live charts. It remained on the charts for six months. As of 2008, the DVD has sold 105,712. The tour became Kumi's first to take control over, helping to create and style the outfits worn, choosing the track list and helping to choreograph some of the performances. However, as with many of the dances performed in her music videos, most of the choreography was composed by MAIKO for the females and U★G for the males. This also became Kumi's first tour to have a focus on a story, something she would continue to do for her following tours, including Live Tour 2008 ~Kingdom~ and Live Tour 2009 ~Trick~. The story for her Black Cherry tour was of a sea captain (Kumi) and her crew (the female dancers) being on a voyage to obtain a key from a captain of a different pirate ship. The key opens a treasure chest, which is what her crew tries to locate throughout the concert. During the tour, she performed \"I Feel Love\" with Blue Man Group. The song is a cover of Donna Summer's 1977 song of the same name. Kumi performed the song with Blue Man Group again during their The Complex Rock Tour Live tour in Tokyo in summer of 2007. Guest Stars Live Tour 2007 ~Black Cherry~ Special Final in Tokyo Dome featured a few guest stars, including some Kumi had not released a collaborative song with prior. South Korean group TVXQ (known as Tohoshinki in Japan) performed in the concert for the song \"Last Angel,\" which was released during the era for her album Kingdom. The single was released in November 2007, during which Kumi's Black Cherry tour was still on-going. Kumi would later perform the song with TVXQ during their 3rd Live Tour 2008 ~T~ concert. Manhattan performance art trio Blue Man Group performed in the concert for the song \"I Feel Love.\" The trio had originally covered the song in 2003 on their album The Complex. The album version had featured Venus Hum singer Annette Strean. Kumi would perform with Blue Man Group again during their Complex Rock Tour in Tokyo in the same year. Reception Many fans outside of Japan, upon seeing the concert either live or via DVD, claimed that Live Tour 2007 ~Black Cherry~ was Kumi's \"most stunning\" and \"most visually entertaining tour.\" They also praised the story-theme of the tour and how the video cut scenes helping create a narrative even non-Japanese", "title": "Live Tour 2007: Black Cherry" }, { "docid": "5465415", "text": "Cherry Smith (born Ermine Ortense Bramwell, 22 August 1943 – 24 September 2008) was a backing vocalist for the original Wailers from 1963 to 1966. She was also called Cherry Green (her half-brother Carlton had that surname). Early beginnings Smith was born in the Trench Town district of Kingston. She was nicknamed \"Cherry\" as a girl due to her light complexion. According to Bob Marley's official website Beverley Kelso is the only surviving member of the original Wailers, after Smith's death. However, it did not list Smith as an official member of the group. Smith was with the group for more than two years and took part in their audition for Clement \"Coxsone\" Dodd in 1963, but as she had a full-time job and a child to support, she was unable to attend the group's first recording session, and was replaced by Kelso. Later career Smith continued to contribute to recording sessions and sang backing vocals on several of the later Wailers recordings, including: \"Lonesome Feeling\" \"There She Goes\" \"What's New Pussycat?\" \"Let The Lord Be Seen In You\" She left the group in late 1966, and moved to Miami, Florida, in 1969 to work as a nurse. She moved around the United States, finally settling in West Palm Beach, Florida. Death She died in Miami in 2008, aged 65. References 1943 births 2008 deaths Musicians from Kingston, Jamaica 20th-century Jamaican women singers The Wailers members", "title": "Cherry Smith" }, { "docid": "37844127", "text": "Horns is a 2013 dark fantasy mystery comedy horror film directed by Alexandre Aja from a screenplay written by Keith Bunin, based on the 2010 novel by Joe Hill. It stars Daniel Radcliffe as a young man falsely accused of murdering his girlfriend, who uses his newly discovered paranormal abilities to uncover the real killer. Horns premiered at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival, and was theatrically released in the United States on October 31, 2014, to mixed reviews. Plot Ignatius \"Ig\" Perrish is the prime suspect when his girlfriend, Merrin Williams, is raped and murdered. Despite his declarations of innocence, he is shunned by the community. He visits his parents and brother, Terry, to hide from the press. After a vigil led by Merrin's father, who believes Ig to be guilty, Ig gets drunk, urinates on Merrin's memorial, and has a one-night stand with a friend. The next morning, he wakes up with a pair of horns protruding from his head. The horns have special powers that force people to tell Ig their darkest secrets and desires; at Ig's bidding, they act upon them. While seeing his doctor about having the horns removed, Ig, under anesthesia, dreams of his childhood, when he first met Merrin. After noticing Merrin drop and break her necklace in church, a young Ig and his friends play with cherry bombs. Ig risks a dangerous dare to win a cherry bomb and nearly drowns, but is saved by Lee Tourneau, his childhood friend, who is now a lawyer. After learning that Lee has fixed Merrin's broken necklace, he gives the cherry bomb that he won to Lee in exchange for the necklace so that he can be the one to return it to Merrin. Lee loses two fingers when the cherry bomb goes off accidentally in his hand. Ig and Merrin bond over the fixed necklace and fall in love, frequenting a treehouse in the woods together. Ig visits his parents and, under the horns' power, his mother reveals that she does not want him as her son and asks him to leave. His father tells him he is worthless without Merrin and his friend helps him burn down the lab where DNA tests were being conducted. As Ig heads to a bar, in the parking lot he goads the reporters into a brawl. He tries to find evidence proving that he did not kill Merrin from people in the bar. Several people confess their deepest and darkest secrets and the owner-bartender burns down the building to collect the insurance. From one confession, Ig learns a new witness in the case is a waitress at the diner where Merrin broke up with him the night she died. Ig finds her and discovers she has been fabricating her stories to become famous. When Ig talks to Terry, he learns that Terry drove Merrin from the diner the night she died. When he touches Terry, Ig sees what happened that night: Merrin left the car en route", "title": "Horns (film)" }, { "docid": "64513455", "text": "The Hilversum Session is an album by American free jazz saxophonist Albert Ayler recorded at a radio studio in Hilversum, The Netherlands on November 9, 1964 and first released in 1980 on the now-defunct Dutch Osmosis label. It was later re-released on DIW, Coppens, ESP, and Modern Silence. In 2016, the tracks that appeared on The Hilversum Session were re-released by hatOLOGY on the European Radio Studio Recordings 1964. Background In August 1964, the Cafe Montmartre in Copenhagen, where Ayler had previously played with Cecil Taylor, invited Ayler and his trio, which included bassist Gary Peacock and drummer Sunny Murray, to return for an extended engagement. Despite having been offered only a one-way ticket, Ayler accepted the terms with the goal of exposing his music to a wider audience, given the bleak prospects and lack of interest in the United States. (According to Val Wilmer, \"Peacock had been without food for fifteen days when Ayler dragged him from his bed to make the trip.\") Don Cherry was already in Europe when the trio arrived, and joined them when they arrived. During the tour, which included Holland, Sweden, and Denmark, the group recorded material that would later be released on The Copenhagen Tapes (recorded September 3 at the Cafe Montmartre and September 10 at a Danish Radio studio), Ghosts (later released as Vibrations, recorded September 14 in Copenhagen), and The Hilversum Session, which consists of performances of familiar Ayler tunes such as \"Ghosts\" and \"Spirits\" (\"C.A.C.\" is nearly identical to \"The Wizard\", which appeared on Spiritual Unity) plus one by Cherry (\"Infant Happiness\"), as well as one new Ayler tune (\"No Name\"). Reception The AllMusic review by Thom Jurek awarded the album 4.5 stars stating: \"The band... had been playing Ayler's tunes for months and were uncanny in their ability to hear one another and improvise together at that point... This set is a defining moment, not just historically, but musically. The intense listening and interplay that goes on here is inspiring... These cats play together with the kind of intuition and foresight only a seasoned group can; they understand the nuances of the language they are speaking and know how to offer those to the listener emotionally, musically, and even culturally.\" Concerning the contributions of Peacock and Murray, Jurek wrote that they \"may have played better elsewhere, but they never played with the kind of deep communication they enjoyed together as a rhythm section and with other front-line players than they do here.\" Regarding Cherry's playing, Jurek wrote: \"the inveterate and outrageously talented listener/musician is in full bloom, untethered as a soloist, yet, like the other three, remaining an inextricable part of a band.\" Scott Yanow wrote that the quartet is a \"fairly ideal group\" for Ayler, and that the recording is \"not for the faint of heart.\" Concerning the chemistry between the members of the quartet, Val Wilmer wrote: \"The more lyrical extrovert Cherry, with his quick-thinking and open mind, was the ideal partner for Ayler's loosely assembled melodies", "title": "The Hilversum Session" }, { "docid": "3572034", "text": "Cherry Street is a one-way street in the New York City borough of Manhattan. It currently has two sections, mostly running along parks, public housing, co-op buildings, tenements, and crossing underneath the Manhattan Bridge. Description Cherry Street's eastern terminus is at the intersection of FDR Drive's southbound service road and Grand Street, where it bends right and turns into Cherry Street. It then runs west for one block, along the north edge of Corlears Hook Park, to Jackson Street. Then it is demapped for approximately two blocks, from Jackson Street to Gouvernour Street and Gouvernour Street to Montgomery Street (with the Vladeck Houses built over demapped section). It continues west, running parallel to the FDR Drive and one block north of it, for three blocks, to Pike Street/Slip. Afterward, it runs west from Pike, under the Manhattan Bridge access ramp, one block to Market Street; Cherry Street then goes one block further west, parallel to and one block north of Water Street. Cherry Street has its western terminus here, at its intersection with Catherine Street/Slip. History Cherry Street was originally established in colonial times to run from the intersection of Pearl Street and Frankfort Street in Lower Manhattan, approximately east to Grand Street in Corlear's Hook. The section between Pearl Street and Catherine Street was removed block-by-block due to development, starting with the building of the Brooklyn Bridge in the 1860s. Before various sections were removed, part of the surrounding neighborhood was known as Cherry Hill. The removed section now contains the Alfred E. Smith Houses. The section between Jackson Street and Montgomery Street, was also removed and demapped to provide for Vladeck Park. Vladeck Park was subsequently replaced with Vladeck Houses, a public housing building complex project. The two demappings left a \"widowed\" one block stretch of Cherry at the eastern end, from Montgomery to the FDR Drive South service lane, which bends into Cherry Street as it ends. Prior to the constructions of the FDR, both Cherry Street and Grand Street extended a short distance further east than they now do, and met each other at the riverbank. A possible Lenape canoe, the only dugout ever found in Manhattan, was excavated by New York Edison workers in 1906 in Cherry Hill by the intersection with Oliver Street, at the original shoreline. The street was named for the cherry orchard that was planted by David Provoost, who originally owned the land. His Manhattan farm consisted of about 35 acres. It was sold later to two men: Goovert Loockermans, a wealthy Dutch merchant who was the New Amsterdam representative of the Amsterdam trading firm of Gillis Verbrugge & Company in the 1660s and Cornelis Leeandertsen. Cherry Street was renamed for Firefighter Robert Foti in honor of his sacrifice on September 11, 2001. Notable places Loockermans' heirs sold the land in 1672 for $60.00. Richard Sackett acquired part of it, and opened a beer garden and a bowling green which became known as \"Sackett's Orchard\". In 1785, the four-story mansion at", "title": "Cherry Street (Manhattan)" }, { "docid": "4562362", "text": "Cherry Hill High School East (also known as Cherry Hill East or CHE) is a four-year comprehensive public high school serving students in ninth through twelfth grades in Cherry Hill, in Camden County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, operating as part of the Cherry Hill Public Schools. Cherry Hill East is one of three high schools in the district; the others are Cherry Hill High School West and Cherry Hill Alternative High School. As of the 2022–23 school year, the school had an enrollment of 2,087 students and 142.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 14.7:1. There were 184 students (8.8% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 47 (2.3% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch. History Due to delays in the construction of the new school building, the entering class of 450 students at Cherry Hill East began the 1966–67 school year attending split sessions at the original Cherry Hill High School building. Constructed at a cost of $4 million (equivalent to $ million in ), the school building opened in January 1967 as the township's second high school facility. What then became known as Cherry Hill High School West was the first public high school in Cherry Hill. The first class graduated in June 1970, having started their freshman year in the Fall of 1966 in the West building doing split sessions until the East building was ready for occupancy in January 1967. The class of 1970 was the only class in the new building until the class of 1971 arrived in Fall 1967. By Fall 1969, the building housed all four grades. Social activism Student demonstrations for school security On February 26, 2018, in the wake of the Stoneman Douglas high school shooting and the March for Our Lives Movement, student leaders staged an auditorium protest against the suspension of a popular history teacher after the teacher claimed that a school shooting was imminent at Cherry Hill East, stating \"I have the gun\". The following day, hundreds of students staged a school walkout. They walked through the school's sidewalks and 17 laps around the track field in honor of the 17 victims of the Stoneman Douglas shooting. The walkout lasted around an hour before students returned to class. A petition urging the teacher's reinstatement was signed by 500 students. During a school board meeting with Cherry Hill Public Schools Superintendent Joseph Meloche that night, frustrated parents and students voiced their grievances about the school's security and the teacher's suspension. Student advocacy for mandatory African-American history course A group of East students from the Cherry Hill East African American Culture Club advocated for a mandatory African American history course in order to graduate. After impassioned speeches by student activists from a variety of backgrounds at a virtual board meeting for Cherry Hill Public Schools in February 2021, the board voted 8–0 to make the course a requirement for graduation. This mandate, the first of its kind in the state, has been", "title": "Cherry Hill High School East" }, { "docid": "63758378", "text": "The land comprising New York City holds approximately 5.2 million trees and 168 different tree species, as of 2020. The New York City government, alongside an assortment of environmental organizations, actively work to plant and maintain the trees. As of 2020, New York City held 44,509 acres of urban tree canopy with 24% of its land covered in trees. History of trees in New York City Trees have grown continuously on the mainland and islands that now comprise New York City since the end of the Pleistocene epoch. Trees have inhabited the lands in or around what is now New York City for over 300 million years, far before the existence of humanity. The first human settlement in the NYC area is dated as early as 9,000 years ago, this marked the beginning of human's permanently altering the old-growth forest ecosystem. Humanity's impact of the trees in New York City greatly accelerated with European colonization of the Americas as the new settlers brought with them advanced metal tools and tree processing technologies paired with an appetite for lumber for domestic use and for export to others of the Thirteen Colonies and to the Old World. While the Native American population lived off and with the Northeastern coastal forests relatively symbiotically, the new European colonists, with their higher population density, sedentary housing needs, and agriculture techniques, diminished the need to harvest wild fruits from trees. The New World found itself rapidly deforested, New York City included. Native American use of trees The Lenape peoples who inhabited the greater NYC area directly prior to European colonization relied on trees for food, shelter, tool materials, fuel, and medicine. The typical Lenape house, called a longhouse, relied on the bending of the trunks taken from small trees to create a series of arches to serve as the frame. The Lenape used prickly-ash (Zanthoxylum americanum) as medicine for toothaches because chewing on the leaves or bark creates a tingling, or numbing effect in the mouth. In 1624, at the time of the founding of New Amsterdam, huge stands of oak, hickory, and chestnut trees grew throughout the island of Manhattan. The very name \"Manhattan\" is recorded as originally referring to a stand of hickory trees with wood suitable for bow-making, located at the southern tip of the island. At this time, the area now known as Times Square was a Red Maple swamp. The Lenape called Governors Island: “Pagganck,” which means “nut island,” named after the areas abundance of hickory nut trees. Native Americans made use of fire in ecosystems here as elsewhere, and some of the early Dutch colonists copied this practice. The original forests and ecosystems of 1609 Manhattan have been reconstructed by the Wildlife Conservation Society's Mannahatta Project. Colonial use of trees Fruit trees imported during the Dutch period included apple, cherry, peach and pear planted in prominent orchards. At the corner of Cherry Street and Franklin Square, was the \"Cherry Garden\" planted by David Provost Sr., and later operated by the", "title": "Trees of New York City" }, { "docid": "61477511", "text": "Brett Davis is an American comedian, actor and voice actor. He hosted a television show called The Special Without Brett Davis in the New York City metro area. He has also hosted The Podcast for Laundry and The Macaulay Culkin Show. In 2015, he won the Andy Kaufman Award. In 2019, he joined the cast of the National Lampoon Radio Hour. Career Davis grew up in New Jersey, and as a teenager, he was a caller and contributor to The Best Show with Tom Scharpling, and guest-hosted NYCTV's New York Noise. He also performed regularly around the New Brunswick punk scene, which was the topic of an early short film, BANANAZZZ. Davis hosted the public access show The Special Without Brett Davis, taking over the time slot previously held by The Chris Gethard Show, on the Manhattan Neighborhood Network. The show aired over 170 episodes, with Davis as a different character hosting a different show each week. The show featured performers including Jo Firestone, Cole Escola, Joe Pera, Patti Harrison, Cole Escola, Conner O'Malley, Ikechukwu Ufomadu, Julio Torres, John Early, Matt Rogers, Zach Cherry, Ana Fabrega, Ziwe Fumudoh, and Bridey Elliott. The show also featured interview guests, often drawn into the bits such as Gilbert Gottfried, Michael Shannon, Richard Kind, Janeane Garofalo, Lita, Rose McGowan, The Thermals, and Screaming Females. Davis hosted The Podcast For Laundry, \"a satire of podcasting\" about a host being driven crazy by doing a podcast about laundry. He also performs character-based comedy around New York City, and won the Andy Kaufman Award in 2015 for his interactive live performances. Along with Sally Burtnick, he has hosted The Macaulay Culkin Show, a monthly comedy show held at the Shea Stadium DIY Venue in East Williamsburg from 2013 to 2017. The show has an annual summer comedy festival. The show had previously been unaffiliated with the actor until Macaulay Culkin made an appearance in 2019. In 2019, he became a cast member of the rebooted National Lampoon Radio Hour alongside Cole Escola, Jo Firestone, Alex English, Maeve Higgins, Megan Stalter and others. Filmography Television Film References External links Year of birth missing (living people) Living people Comedians from New Jersey", "title": "Brett Davis (comedian)" }, { "docid": "4054605", "text": "John Robert Cherry III (October 11, 1948 – May 8, 2022) was an American film director and screenwriter, most notable for creating the character of Ernest P. Worrell, played by Jim Varney. Career A native of Nashville, Tennessee, Cherry attended the Ringling School of Art and Design in Sarasota, Florida. He was the executive vice president and co-namesake of the Nashville-based Carden and Cherry advertising agency, for which the \"Ernest\" character was developed. He based the character on a man who worked for his father, about whom Cherry said, that he thought he knew everything but did not know anything. Ernest was portrayed for 15 years by Jim Varney, who at the time of the character's debut was an up-and-coming stand-up comic; after a string of successful commercials and sketches, Cherry directed a television series (Hey, Vern! It's Ernest) and several movies. Cherry made three cameo appearances in his own films: in Slam Dunk Ernest as a basketball spectator, Ernest Goes to Africa as a customer, and in Ernest in the Army as Sergeant Ben Kovsky. In addition to Varney, Cherry also introduced the comic duo of Chuck and Bobby (Gailard Sartain and Bill Byrge respectively), who were integrated into the Ernest films as supporting characters. Cherry retired the Ernest character after Varney's declining health made it impossible for him to continue in the role (Varney died in 2000). He directed two other films without Ernest: For Love or Mummy, a collaboration with Larry Harmon that sought to reintroduce the long-deceased Laurel and Hardy comic team with new actors (with Hardy portrayed by Sartain); and Pirates of the Plain, for which Cherry had intended to include Varney but could not. Personal life Cherry had three children from two marriages. His son Josh appeared in Ernest in the Army as Corporal Davis. Cherry was a Christian. Death Cherry died from Parkinson's disease on May 8, 2022, aged 73. Director 1983 Knowhutimean? Hey Vern, It's My Family Album 1985 Dr. Otto and the Riddle of the Gloom Beam 1986 The Ernest Film Festival (video) 1987 Ernest Goes to Camp 1987 Hey, Vern, Win $10,000 (video) 1988 Ernest Saves Christmas 1990 Ernest Goes to Jail 1991 Ernest Scared Stupid 1993 Ernest Rides Again 1995 Slam Dunk Ernest 1997 Ernest Goes to Africa 1998 Ernest in the Army 1999 The All New Adventures of Laurel & Hardy in For Love or Mummy 1999 Pirates of the Plain 2009 Stake Out (video short) 2009 Denton Wants His Mummy (video short) 2009 Denton Rose Paranormal Levitation Trick (video short) 2011 Denton Rose's Shorts (video) Actor 1997 Ernest Goes to Africa as Customer 1998 Ernest in the Army as Sergeant Ben Kovsky References External links 1948 births 20th-century American screenwriters 21st-century American screenwriters American male screenwriters Deaths from Parkinson's disease Film directors from Tennessee Film producers from Tennessee People from Franklin, Tennessee American Christians Screenwriters from Tennessee Writers from Nashville, Tennessee 2022 deaths", "title": "John R. Cherry III" } ]	[ "Maraschino" ]
train_31311	when did andy murray won sports personality of the year	[ { "docid": "7404943", "text": "Jamie Robert Murray, (born 13 February 1986) is a British professional tennis player from Scotland who specialises in doubles. He is a seven-time Grand Slam doubles champion (five in mixed doubles and two in men's doubles), a Davis Cup winner, and a former doubles world No. 1. Murray is the elder brother of fellow tennis player and former singles world No. 1, Andy Murray. He has won seven Grand Slam titles: in mixed doubles at the 2007 Wimbledon Championships, with Jelena Janković, the 2017 Wimbledon Championships and 2017 US Open, with Martina Hingis, and the 2018 and 2019 US Open, with Bethanie Mattek-Sands, and in men's doubles at the Australian Open and US Open in 2016, with Bruno Soares. Murray had an early career partnership with Eric Butorac, winning three titles in 2007. His following seven ATP finals came with six different partners. In 2013, he began a new partnership with John Peers, winning six ATP tournaments, and reaching two Grand Slam finals. After this partnership ended, Murray played alongside Soares from 2016, with the new pair enjoying almost immediate success after winning only their second ATP tournament together. They went on to win the 2016 Australian Open and US Open, and Murray became world no. 1 in April that year, spending nine weeks at the top of the rankings. He and Soares split in 2019, with Murray competing alongside compatriot Neal Skupski until the end of 2020, winning one ATP title together. He then reunited with Soares, with the pair finishing runners-up at the 2021 US Open. Murray was part of the Great Britain team that won the 2015 Davis Cup, the nation's first victory in the tournament for 79 years. He and his brother recorded crucial doubles victories in Britain's quarterfinal, semifinal and final wins. The Davis Cup team was awarded the 2015 BBC Sports Personality Team of the Year Award. Murray has also competed at the Summer Olympics on four occasions. Brad Gilbert, who coached Andy Murray, gave Jamie the name 'Stretch' because of his 6-foot-3-inch height and long arms. Early and personal life Jamie Murray was born in Glasgow, Scotland, the elder son of Judith (née Erskine) and William Murray. He grew up in Dunblane and attended Dunblane Primary School. He and his brother Andy were present during the 1996 Dunblane school massacre, when Thomas Hamilton killed 16 children and a teacher before shooting himself. Both brothers were part of a group of pupils who took cover in a classroom. His parents separated in 1998, with the boys living with their father while being mentored in tennis by their mother. At the age of 10, Jamie was No 3-ranked tennis player of his age in Europe. At 11 years and 5 months, he finished runner-up in the boys under 12 category at the prestigious Junior Orange Bowl. Murray was the junior world number 2 when he was 13 years old and was selected to be educated at The Leys School in Cambridge with four other boys", "title": "Jamie Murray" }, { "docid": "53764814", "text": "Ugo Colombini (born 7 October 1967) is a former professional tennis player and sports agent from Italy. Biography Professional tour Colombini, who comes from Milan, turned professional in 1986. Early in his career he appeared in the main draw of Grand Prix (ATP) tournaments in Bari and Milan, but primarily featured on tour as a doubles player. He did however continue to play singles on the Challenger tour, a career which included a win over then world number 22 Darren Cahill in Cape Town and a title win in Nigeria. In 1989 he had his best year on the doubles circuit, he won a Challenger title in Dublin, made the second round of the French Open and reached Grand Prix semi-finals in Nancy and St. Vincent. He twice competed at the Wimbledon Championships, in the men's doubles in 1989 and mixed doubles in 1991. Player agent Colombini is now a successful player agent who have been involved with high profile players including Juan Martin del Potro and Andy Murray. He began this career in 2000 at Florida sports agency Sports Marketing Consultants then later became an independent agent. Del Potro was aged 12 when he was talent spotted by Colombini, who signed the Argentine player. He struck sponsorship deals for del Potro with Nike and Wilson. When del Potro won the 2009 US Open, Colombini was one of the few people in his player's box. He has remained with del Potro despite being a stand-along agent, earning del Potro's loyalty, where most other top players are signed with big companies. In 2013 he joined Andy Murray's expanding management team. He has known Murray since the Scot was a junior. His role makes him responsible for Murray's tournament-related activity. Challenger titles Singles: (1) Doubles: (2) References External links 1967 births Living people Italian male tennis players Italian sports agents Tennis players from Milan", "title": "Ugo Colombini" }, { "docid": "69498448", "text": "The BBC Sports Personality of the Year 2021 took place on 19 December 2021 at the dock10 studios in Salford. Gary Lineker, Clare Balding, Gabby Logan, and Alex Scott all returned to present the awards show. The event was broadcast live on BBC One. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, there was no studio audience, rather just fifty special guests. Nominees The nominees for the award were revealed on 13 December 2021. The panel deciding the shortlist was made up of athletes Jeanette Kwakye, Hannah Miley, and Neil Lennon, sports broadcasters Jason Mohammad and Andy Stevenson, sports journalists Molly Mcelwee, Ben Burrows, and Richard Morgans, and from the BBC Barbara Slater, Philip Bernie, and Gabby Cook. Emma Raducanu won the award, becoming the fifth different tennis player to win the award, and the first since Andy Murray, who last won it in 2016. Raducanu was also the first woman to win since Zara Philips, now Tindall, won in 2006. Runner-up Tom Daley, who has won the Young Sports Personality of the Year three times, became the first diver to finish in the top three. Adam Peaty, who finished third was the first swimmer to finish in the top three since Rebecca Adlington's third-place finish in 2008. Cyclists Jason and Laura Kenny presented the awards. Raducanu was not in the studio but was live over video link to accept the award. Other awards Young Sports Personality of the Year On 15 December 2021, the three-person shortlist for the Young Sports Personality of the Year Award was announced. The panel included athletes Ellie Simmonds, Aimee Fuller, and Regan Grace, and representatives from Blue Peter, the Youth Sports Trust, and BBC Sport. Diver Matty Lee presented the award. Helen Rollason Award The Helen Rollason Award was awarded to Jen Beattie, an Arsenal and Scotland footballer, who had been diagnosed with breast cancer in October 2020 but continued to play football, as well as speaking about her illness to encourage others to get screened. Before the awards show, Arsenal teammate Leah Williamson presented the trophy to Beattie, as they were unable to be there in person due to fixture commitments. Unsung Hero Award The Unsung Hero Award was won by Sam Barlow from Kingston upon Hull for her work encouraging people to get active, delivery of sports programmes in local schools, and using fitness as a way of talking about loss. Swimmer Rebecca Adlington presented the award. Lifetime Achievement Award On 18 December 2021, gymnast Simone Biles was announced as the recipient of this year's Year Lifetime Achievement Award for her gymnastics career, and for speaking publicly about abuse and her mental health struggles. World Sport Star Award The World Sport Star of the Year was won by Rachael Blackmore after an online public vote. Blackmore could not receive the award in person because she was still at Manchester Airport due to a delayed flight. Team of the Year and Coach of the Year The Team of the Year Award and Coach of the Year", "title": "2021 BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award" }, { "docid": "72541857", "text": "The 2022 BBC Sports Personality of the Year took place on 21 December 2022 at the dock10 studios in Salford. Co-hosted by Gary Lineker, Clare Balding, Gabby Logan, and Alex Scott, the event was broadcast live on BBC One. It paid tribute to Queen Elizabeth II and her interest in sport following her death in September of that year. Beth Mead won the 2022 BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award, becoming the first female footballer to do so. 2019 Winner and England Cricket Test captain Ben Stokes was the runner-up, while curler Eve Muirhead finished third. The BBC do not release the actual voting statistics. Nominees The nominees for the award were revealed on 20 December 2022. The judging panel included athletes Denise Lewis, Kelly Gallagher, and Stephen Hendry, sports journalists Nancy Gillen, Jack Fox, and Tumaini Carayol, S4C's Head of Sports Sue Butler, UK Sport CEO Sally Munday, and from the BBC Barbara Slater, Philip Bernie, and Gabby Cook. Beth Mead won the award, becoming the first female footballer, and the first footballer since Ryan Giggs in 2009, to win the award. She became the sixth footballer to win the award. Fellow footballer Jordan Henderson was the last to break into the top three, when he was runner-up in 2020. Cricketer Ben Stokes finished as runner-up behind Mead. He had previously won the award in 2019. Eve Muirhead finished in third place, becoming the first curler to finish in the top three, and the first participant from a winter sport in the top three since Torvill and Dean won in 1984. She was also the first Scot since Sir Andy Murray, who last won in 2016, to finish in the top three. Baroness Grey-Thompson, who came third in the competition in 2000, announced the winner, whilst Sir Chris Hoy, who won in 2008, presented the awards. Other awards Young Sports Personality of the Year The Young Sports Personality of the Year had a shortlist of three, which was whittled down from ten, which also included cricketers Rehan Ahmed and Alice Capsey, wheelchair tennis player Ben Bartram, goalball player Chelsea Hudson, footballer Rico Lewis, netball player Jayda Pechova, and sports climber Toby Roberts. The judging panel consisted of athletes Ellen White, Max Whitlock, and Ellie Robinson, as well as representatives of Blue Peter, BBC Sport, and the Youth Sport Trust. Jessica Gadirova had also been nominated for the main award of the evening. Sky Brown had won the award the previous year. 2008 winner Ellie Simmonds presented the award. Lifetime Achievement Award On 15 December 2022, it was announced that the Lifetime Achievement Award would be awarded to sprinter Usain Bolt for his glittering career. Bolt was not present to receive the award, instead speaking in a pre-recorded video. Unsung Hero Award The Unsung Hero Award rewards volunteers for their contribution to grassroots sports in their local community. The eight nominees were announced on 9 December 2022. Football volunteer Mike Alden from Bristol won the award for his work", "title": "2022 BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award" }, { "docid": "41325967", "text": "The 2013 BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award was presented on 15 December from the First Direct Arena in Leeds. It was the 60th presentation of the BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award. Awarded annually by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), the main titular award honours an individual's British sporting achievement over the past year, with the winner selected by public vote from a ten-person shortlist. The event was presented by Gary Lineker, Clare Balding and Gabby Logan with musical performances from John Newman and Russell Watson. Sue Barker decided to step down as a presenter after 19 years. The winner of the main award was tennis player Andy Murray. Former Manchester United manager, Sir Alex Ferguson won the special BBC Sports Personality Diamond Award. Basis of nominations Prior to 2012, a panel of thirty sports journalists each submit a list of ten contenders. From these contenders a shortlist of ten nominees is determined—currently, in the event of a tie at the end of the nomination process, a panel of six former award winners determined the nominee by a Borda count. The shortlist was announced at the beginning of December, and the winner was determined on the night of the ceremony by a public telephone vote. In 2011 the shortlist produced only contained male competitors, which caused media uproar. The selection process for contenders was changed for the 2012 (and future) awards as follows: The BBC introduced an expert panel who were asked to devise a shortlist that reflected UK sporting achievements on the national and/or international stage, represented the breadth and depth of UK sports and took into account \"impact\" within and beyond the sport or sporting achievement in question. Nominees The nominees for the 2013 award and their share of the votes cast were as follows: Other awards In addition to the main award as \"Sports Personality of the Year\", several other awards were also announced: Overseas Personality: Sebastian Vettel Team of the Year: 2013 British & Irish Lions squad BBC Diamond Award: Sir Alex Ferguson Coach of the Year: Warren Gatland Helen Rollason Award: Anne Williams Young Personality: Amber Hill Unsung Hero Award: Joe and Maggie Forber In Memoriam Acer Nethercott Christian Benitez Jean Pickering Bert Trautmann Todd Bennett Andrew Simpson Tony Gubba Graham Murray Reg Simpson Tony Greig Bill Foulkes Emmanuel McDonald Bailey Jo Pitt Bill Hoskyns Ron Davies Martin Richard Krystle Campbell Lu Lingzi Maria De Villota Dave Hickson Ken Norton Cliff Morgan Mike Denness Helen Elliot Dean Powell David Oates Sean Edwards Henry Cecil Tommy Morrison Brian Greenhoff Donna Hartley-Wass Christopher Martin-Jenkins Dave Thomas Phill Nixon Steve Prescott References External links Official website BBC Sports Personality of the Year awards 2013 in British television 2013 in British sport Bbc Bbc BBC Sports Personality of the Year", "title": "2013 BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award" }, { "docid": "36721657", "text": "The tennis tournament at the 2016 Summer Olympics was held at the Olympic Tennis Centre from 6 to 14 August. The competition was played on a fast hardcourt surface used in numerous North American tournaments that aims to minimize disruption for players. Initially a total of 172 players were expected to compete in five events: singles and doubles for both men and women and the return of the mixed doubles for the second consecutive time. However, eventually 105 male and 94 female players were granted places in the draws. The Olympic tennis events were run and organized by the Brazilian Olympic Committee (COB) and the International Tennis Federation (ITF), and were part of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) and Women's Tennis Association (WTA) tours. The 2016 Olympic tournament was the fifteenth edition of tennis at the Olympics (excluding the two Olympics, 1968 and 1984, when tennis was a demonstration event), and the eighth since 1988, when the sport was officially brought back into the Games. Unlike previous editions of the Olympic event, it was decided that the Olympic tournaments would not offer ATP and WTA ranking points for the players. Summary Serena Williams was the defending champion in the women's singles, but she lost to Elina Svitolina in the third round. Unseeded Puerto Rican Monica Puig won the gold medal, defeating Germany's world number two Angelique Kerber in the final, 6–4, 4–6, This marked Puerto Rico's first ever Olympic gold medal and made Puig her country's first ever female medalist. In the men's singles, British flagbearer Andy Murray was the defending champion from the London tournament at Wimbledon, while Novak Djokovic was the number one seed and aiming to complete the Career Golden Slam. However, he was defeated in the first round by Argentina's Juan Martín del Potro. Murray defended his title, defeating del Potro in the final, 7–5, 4–6, 6–2, 7–5. With the victory, Murray became the first player, male or female, to win singles gold at two consecutive Olympics and the first player to defend an Olympic title since Serena and Venus Willams won the women's doubles title in Beijing and London. This, combined with a second Wimbledon title, becoming the first-ever three-time BBC Sports Personality of the Year and ending the year as the #1-ranked player by the ATP after having led Great Britain to their first Davis Cup since 1936 in 2015, contributed to his being knighted in the New Year's Honours List. Serena and Venus Williams were the two-time defending champions and number one seeds in the women's doubles, but they lost in the first round to Czech pairing Lucie Šafářová and Barbora Strýcová. The defeat ended the sisters' 15 match winning streak in women's doubles at the Olympics, and also marked their first loss together in Olympic competition. Russian duo Ekaterina Makarova and Elena Vesnina won the gold medal, defeating Timea Bacsinszky and Martina Hingis in the final, 6–4, 6–4. Martina Hingis had been attempting to become just the fifth woman to complete", "title": "Tennis at the 2016 Summer Olympics" }, { "docid": "49008422", "text": "Andy Murray's 2016 tennis season began at the Australian Open. The 2016 season was Murray's greatest season, as he finished the season as the year-end world No. 1 player and clinched the year-end prize money title. Andy and Jamie Murray, also became the first brothers to finish as year-end No. 1 ranked players in singles and doubles team, respectively. He won an ATP-best and career-high nine Tour titles from 13 finals (from 17 tournaments), including his second Wimbledon crown and second successive Olympic gold medal in singles, thus becoming the first person, man or woman, to defend the Olympic singles title. In the 2016 season, Murray became the first male player to win singles titles at a Grand Slam, the Olympics, a Masters 1000 event, and the ATP Finals in the same calendar year (Serena Williams, in 2012, is the only other person to accomplish this feat). On 7 November, Murray became the first British man and 26th male player to attain the world No. 1-ranking in singles since records began in 1973, displacing long-time rival and friend, Novak Djokovic. At , Murray is the oldest first-time singles No. 1 in the last 40 years. He reached the No. 1 ranking despite the fact that, in contrast to previous years, no ranking points were awarded for the Olympics. Djokovic had a 3–2 edge in matches between the two in 2016, including winning their two matches in Grand Slam finals (Australian and French Opens). Murray had a 1–1 record against Rafael Nadal in the year. The following are also career firsts for a single season for Murray: (1) won ≥$16,000,000 in prize money, (2) amassed 78 match wins, (3) reached 13 Tour finals, (4) won nine Tour titles, (5) won three Masters 1000 titles, (6) reached five Masters 1000 finals, (7) reached three Grand Slam finals, (8) won 24 consecutive matches, (9) won five consecutive tournament titles, (10) reached seven consecutive tournament finals, (11) won 16 matches against top-10 opponents. Murray ended the season by winning his last 24 matches, reaching the finals in 12 of his last 13 tournaments, and winning titles in his last five tournaments. In winning the 2016 ATP WTF, Murray defeated the No. 2 (Djokovic), No. 3 (Wawrinka), No. 4 (Raonic), No. 5 (Nishikori), and No. 7 (Cilic) in 5 consecutive matches. Year summary Australian Open and early hard court season Prior to the Australian Open, Murray paired with Heather Watson to compete in the Hopman Cup. They were knocked out in the round robin stage after winning 2 out of 3 ties. Australian Open Murray came through the opening two rounds of the Australian Open in straight sets against Alexander Zverev and Sam Groth for a combined loss of only 11 games. He followed this up with a four set win over João Sousa in the third round and a straight set win over Bernard Tomic in the fourth round to reach the quarterfinals. In the quarterfinals Murray defeated David Ferrer in four sets. The", "title": "2016 Andy Murray tennis season" }, { "docid": "670270", "text": "David Pablo Nalbandian (; born 1 January 1982) is an Argentine former professional tennis player. He reached his highest ranking in singles of world No. 3 in March 2006, during a career that stretched from 2000 to 2013. Nalbandian was runner-up in the singles event at the 2002 Wimbledon Championships. During his career, he won 11 singles titles, including the Tennis Masters Cup in 2005 and two Masters 1000 tournaments. Nalbandian is the only Argentine man in history to reach the semifinals or better at all four majors and to reach the Wimbledon final.He was a member of the Argentinian Davis Cup team who reached the finals of the World Group in 2006, 2008 and 2011. Nalbandian played right-handed with a two-handed backhand, which was known for being a devastating shot. Since his retirement, Nalbandian has taken up the sport of rally racing and has competed in Rally Argentina. Biography Of Armenian and Italian descent, David Nalbandian was born in the small city of Unquillo in Córdoba Province, Argentina. He became a professional tennis player at the age of 18. Career on the ATP Junior career As a junior, Nalbandian reached as high as No. 3 in the world in December 1998 (and No. 5 in doubles in 2000), soon after winning the US Open boys' singles final over fellow junior Roger Federer. 2000–2002 He turned professional in 2000. In 2001, he finished in the ATP top 50 for the first time. He finished 2002 as the No. 1 Argentine and South American for the first time in his career, winning two ATP titles and reaching the Wimbledon final, where he beat David Sánchez, Paul-Henri Mathieu, George Bastl, Wayne Arthurs, Nicolás Lapentti and Xavier Malisse before losing to Lleyton Hewitt. 2003–2004 Nalbandian did not reach another major final in 2003. At Wimbledon he lost to Tim Henman, following a stomach injury during his previous match against Karol Kucera. In 2004, Nalbandian achieved his best result at the French Open reaching the semifinals, losing to eventual champion Gastón Gaudio. Although he did not win any titles in 2004, he did finish runner-up at both the Rome Masters and the Madrid Masters,by Carlos Moyá and Marat Safin respectively. He broke into the top 5 for the first time in his career in August and finished 2004 ranked as the World No. 9 player. 2005 In 2005, Nalbandian advanced to the quarterfinals of the Australian Open, Wimbledon, and the U.S. Open. At Wimbledon, Nalbandian came from two sets down to defeat Andy Murray in the third round, in what was Murray's first Major tournament. , he remains the only player to ever defeat Murray from two sets down. He also won the Tennis Masters Cup, becoming only the second Argentine tennis player in history (after Guillermo Vilas in 1974) to win the year-end tournament. Having replaced Andy Roddick, he won two of his three group matches (to Federer, Ivan Ljubičić, and Guillermo Coria). In the semifinals, he defeated Russian Nikolay Davydenko, and in", "title": "David Nalbandian" }, { "docid": "39913835", "text": "Tennis in Scotland was introduced from France in the Middle Ages. During the 20th century it was a minor sport, but has obtained some prominence due to the successes of Andy Murray and other Scots. While tennis courts are not uncommon, the country's oceanic climate has made it historically quite hard for Scottish players to develop. The only tennis inductee into the Scottish Sports Hall of Fame is Winnie Shaw. However, since 2008, Tennis Scotland's membership has increased from 32,715 to 47,657 - a rise of more than 45 per cent. Unlike badminton, squash and table tennis, Scotland competes as part of Great Britain in tennis; however, its contribution to the pool of British players traditionally has been very poor in the modern era with almost all notable players being English. However, this has taken an abrupt turn in recent years with emergence of Andy Murray, and doubles players Colin Fleming and Jamie Murray. Andy Murray is by some distance the best player currently representing Britain as the UK number 1 and is also the world number 1. On 7 July 2013 he became the first British player to win the men's singles at Wimbledon since Fred Perry in 1936, 77 years before. Brother Jamie and won the Wimbledon mixed doubles title along with Serbian Jelena Janković in 2007, the first time any British player had won a major title at Wimbledon in 20 years. Colin Fleming along with his English partner Ross Hutchins is currently ranked 9th in the ATP Doubles Team Rankings. There are no official ATP/WTA tournaments in Scotland however, with all major events in the UK being held in England. Governing body The governing body is Tennis Scotland founded as the Scottish Lawn Tennis Association in 1895, which is based in Airthrey Castle, Stirling. It has frequently seen itself as a subset of British tennis, rather than a national body in its own right. History Medieval history Tennis in its earlier forms was introduced into Scotland from France in the Middle Ages. It was traditionally known as \"caitch\" or \"cache\" in Scotland, and is an ancestor of the better known form of tennis. James IV of Scotland played tennis with the Spanish ambassador Pedro de Ayala at Stirling Castle on 10 April 1498. The Falkland Palace Royal Tennis Club is claimed to be the oldest tennis court in the world. 19th century In the nineteenth century, tennis was a fairly exclusive sport, with high level participation being mainly by the upper classes. Scotland produced two Wimbledon men's champions in this period, Herbert Lawford and Harold Mahony. However, to complicate matters, Lawford was born in England but died in Scotland, and Mahony was Scottish born, but died in County Kerry, where his family were from. Herbert Lawford (15 May 1851 – 20 April 1925) was once co-World No. 1 tennis player and won the Men's Singles championship at Wimbledon in 1887, and was runner-up five times. Harold Mahony is best known for winning the Wimbledon Championships in", "title": "Tennis in Scotland" }, { "docid": "27167753", "text": "Leon Smith, (born 1976) is a British tennis coach. Smith has been captain of the Great Britain Davis Cup team since 2010, and led the Great Britain team to win the 2015 Davis Cup. Early years Smith was born in Glasgow, Scotland and attended Hutchesons' Grammar School. He played junior tennis at national level but did not become a professional player. Career Smith began coaching professionally at club level aged 18. He has focused on elite players since 1998, and became national performance officer for Tennis Scotland that year. Two years later he helped set up a tennis academy at the Next Generation club in Edinburgh. He rejoined Tennis Scotland as LTA academy coach, and became national training coach for Scotland in 2004. Smith has coached several Scottish junior players, most notably Andy Murray. Smith worked with Murray from age 11 to 15, during which time Murray won the Junior Orange Bowl under-12 title and five ITF Futures events. Smith and Murray remained friends, and Smith assisted Murray at the French Open in 2006 during a period when Murray had no full-time coach. Smith became the LTA's national under-16s men's coach in 2005 and the under-18s coach in 2008, and was later appointed Head of Player Development in Men's Tennis. He was appointed Head of Men's Tennis simultaneously to his appointment as Davis Cup captain, a position he held until 2014. He also served as Head of Women's Tennis between 2011 and 2013. Davis Cup captaincy Smith's appointment as Davis Cup captain was announced by the LTA on 12 April 2010. His appointment at age 34 made him the youngest Great Britain captain since Paul Hutchins (appointed in 1975 aged 30), and one of the few to be appointed without having been a top-level player. His first tie as captain was a Europe/Africa Zone Group II match against Turkey, held at Eastbourne from 9 July 2010, which Great Britain won 5–0, thereby avoiding relegation. In 2011 the Great Britain team won promotion to Europe/Africa Zone Group I, and in 2013 won promotion to the World Group. In 2014 Great Britain reached the quarter-finals, eventually losing 3–2 to Italy. In 2015, under Smith's captaincy, Great Britain won the Davis Cup for the first time since 1936, beating Belgium 3–1 in the final. Smith was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2016 Birthday Honours for services to tennis. Personal life Smith is married and has three children. References External links Living people Scottish tennis coaches Sportspeople from Glasgow 1976 births Officers of the Order of the British Empire", "title": "Leon Smith (tennis)" }, { "docid": "26113731", "text": "Eric Gordon Murray (born 6 May 1982) is a retired New Zealand rower and gold medalist at the 2012 London Olympic Games, as well as at the 2016 Rio de Janeiro Olympic Games. He won six consecutive World Rowing Championship gold medals in the coxless pair plus two other gold medals in the coxless four and coxed pair. In 2012 an 2014 he set two world best times in the coxless pair and coxed pair respectively, which as of 2021 still stand as the world's best in those boat classes. Personal life Murray was born in Hastings. His parents are Annette and Peter, and his older sister is Fiona. When Murray was an infant, the family moved to Manurewa. Soon after, they then bought land in Bombay, where Murray grew up and attended primary school. At school, Murray enjoyed swimming competitions and later moved to triathlons. When he grew too tall and running became uncomfortable, he gave up on that while at Pukekohe High School. In 2006, he married Jackie Robertson, the eldest daughter of Gary Robertson. His father-in-law had been a member of the 1972 New Zealand eight that won gold at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, Germany. Career At Pukekohe High School, Murray played rugby union and was looking for a summer sport to keep fit for the next season of winter rugby, so he and a friend went to the Mercer Rowing Club for an advertised open day. They had one race that year in a coxed four made up of novices, and they came last by a wide margin. His school was not one of the traditional rowing schools, but Paula Twining was in his year and enjoyed successes at New Zealand championships, which gave inspiration to other novice rowers. Murray first went to the Maadi Cup, New Zealand's premier school rowing regatta, in 1997, but did not achieve anything at Lake Karapiro. In 1998, when the regatta was held at Lake Ruataniwha, he came third in the U16 double, and second in the U16 quad. He was in his last year at high school in 1999, and at that year's Maadi Cup, he won the U-17 quad national title. After their 1999 success, their trainer—Charles Haggie—introduced them to people in the rowing scene so that they would end up with one of the dominant rowing clubs at the time after they left school: Avon Rowing Club, Auckland Rowing Club, or Waikato Rowing Club. His first world championship medal was as a member of the New Zealand coxless four at 2007 World Rowing Championships. Murray then went on to become a member of the triple World Champion coxless pair with fellow coxless four member Hamish Bond. They won gold at the 2009 World Rowing Championships, then went on to retain their title at the 2010 World Rowing Championships. and 2011 World Rowing Championships. Murray's achievements in both the coxless four and the coxless pair have seen him win two Halberg sports awards team of the", "title": "Eric Murray (rower)" }, { "docid": "21843623", "text": "Colin Fleming (born 13 August 1984) is a British retired professional tennis player who specialised in doubles. As part of the Davis Cup team, he won eight successive doubles matches to help Great Britain into the World Group. He also won his doubles match in the World Group quarter final against Italy. At the 2010 Commonwealth Games, he won the mixed doubles gold medal with Jocelyn Rae for Scotland. He has reached nineteen ATP Tour doubles finals in his career, winning eight of them: two in 2009, 2012 and 2013 and one in 2011 and 2015. In 2011, he had his best doubles Grand Slam results, reaching the quarterfinals of Wimbledon, and then two months later equalling it at the US Open. He has had a number of different partners, but primarily played alongside his British compatriots, most notably Ross Hutchins, Jamie and Andy Murray, Ken Skupski and Jonathan Marray. Fleming's most successful partnership has been with Ross Hutchins, however whilst Hutchins was off the tour with illness, Fleming spent most of 2013 partnering with Marray. He retired from professional tennis in January 2017, to take up the new position of national coach for Tennis Scotland. Early and personal life Fleming first picked up a tennis racquet as a toddler and copied his older siblings by playing for a local club in Linlithgow. When he was eight, he began playing in mini tennis tournaments. Working his way up through the ranks Colin loved to compete, and regularly travelled long distances to play in regional challenge events and regional and GB junior tournaments. He was never at the top rank in the juniors, being small and slightly built until late teens, but held his own through court craft and determination. He also began his county career as a junior, representing North of Scotland, culminating in the great enjoyment he has in playing Summer County week and the camaraderie that he has with the North of Scotland players. As a teenager, he played in and around Edinburgh for the Blackhall club men's team. Brian Barnet coached Fleming up until he was about 14 when Fleming moved to the newly opened Next Generation club in Newhaven where Judy Murray began coaching. Fleming is married with two children. He is a known supporter of Partick Thistle F.C. University tennis career 2001–2004 Fleming left high school in 2001 at age 17 to study economics & finance at the University of Stirling as a sports bursar. The university offered him the opportunity to continue with his tennis training and competition as part of a high quality programme, otherwise he would have become a social player at that time. His tennis career was supported by the university when they enabled him to take two sabbatical years from 2004 to turn pro and join the tour. 2005–2007 Fleming partnered Jamie Murray, winning their first Futures tournament on 4 September 2005 at the Great Britain F10 Futures in Nottingham. Fleming/Murray followed this with Futures titles at Glasgow, Edinburgh and", "title": "Colin Fleming" }, { "docid": "18288707", "text": "Laura Robson (born 21 January 1994) is a British former professional tennis player. She debuted on the ITF Junior Circuit in 2007, and a year later won the Junior Wimbledon championships at the age of 14. As a junior, she also twice reached the final of the girls' singles tournament at the Australian Open, in 2009 and 2010. She won her first tournament on the ITF Women's Circuit in November 2008. In singles tennis, Robson was the first British woman since Samantha Smith at Wimbledon in 1998 to reach the fourth round of a Grand Slam tournament, doing so at the 2012 US Open and the 2013 Wimbledon Championships. At the 2012 Guangzhou International Open, Robson became the first British woman since Jo Durie in 1990 to reach a WTA Tour final, where she lost to Hsieh Su-wei. She was named WTA Newcomer of the Year for 2012 and reached a career-high singles ranking of world No. 27 the following year. In mixed doubles, she won a silver medal at the 2012 London Olympics playing with Andy Murray, with whom she also reached the 2010 Hopman Cup final. She has a career-high doubles ranking of No. 82 (July 2013). Robson suffered from various injuries throughout the 2014 and 2015 seasons, notably to her left (and dominant) wrist for which she underwent surgery in April 2014, resulting in multiple prolonged absences from the WTA Tour. She dropped out of the world rankings in early 2015, returning at No. 906 in July 2015. After returning to full-time tennis in January 2016 post-injury, Robson struggled with form and did not return to the top 150 in singles tennis. In July 2018, she underwent hip surgery, and she did not return to the WTA Tour afterwards. On 16 May 2022, Robson announced her retirement from tennis, aged 28. Early life and junior career Robson was born on 21 January 1994 in Melbourne, the third child of Australian parents Andrew, an oil executive with Shell, and Kathy Robson, a sports coach and former professional basketball player. Robson and her family moved from Melbourne to Singapore when she was 18 months old, where she attended Tanglin Trust School and then to the United Kingdom when she was six. According to her parents, she began playing tennis \"as soon as she could hold a tennis racquet\", and after being encouraged by them, she entered a junior tennis academy at age seven. She signed with management company Octagon when she was ten, with Adidas at age 11, and also signed a racquet deal with Wilson Sporting Goods. After working with several coaches, including the head of the Lawn Tennis Association Carl Maes, she chose coach Martijn Bok in 2007. Bok said later that although Robson \"had trouble staying emotionally under control\", he \"saw right away...a lot of potential in Laura.\" Robson also began training at the National Tennis Centre, under the guidance of Bok, Maes, and the head of women's tennis at the centre, Nigel Sears, while taking", "title": "Laura Robson" }, { "docid": "35961079", "text": "Gianluigi Quinzi (; born 1 February 1996), is a former tennis player from Italy. On 15 April 2019 he reached his career-high singles ranking of World No. 142 on the ATP World Tour rankings. He reached his career high ranking of No. 1 in ITF Juniors rankings on 1 January 2013. Quinzi won the 2013 Wimbledon Championships junior boys' singles title, defeating Chung Hyeon 7–5, 7–6(7–2) in the final to claim the championship. Personal life Gianluigi was born in Cittadella on February 1, 1996 and grew up in Porto San Giorgio with his mother Carlotta, a ski racer and handball player, and his father Luca, the president of a local tennis club. His parents always get too nervous when their son is playing and as a result they are not present to his games, not even in the junior boy's final of 2013 Wimbledon. Junior career Initially Quinzi applied himself to Alpine skiing, gaining a second place in the championships of the Trentino-Alto Adige; but at seven years old, after leaving other sports as well, he focused his efforts primarily on tennis. At the age of 8 he was noticed by the talent scout Nick Bollettieri who offered him a scholarship to his academy. He participated at the Little Mo, tournament played in Florida which is reserved for Under-10 players, and triumphed printing his name in the Hall of Fame of a tournament won in the past by players such as Serena Williams and Andy Roddick. At thirteen years old, he became the youngest player in the ITF Junior rankings and the next year he triumphed in four tournaments in a row with a series of twenty victories. He started to be known early in Junior ITF tournaments: aged fourteen – in 2010 – he won the Honduras Junior Bowl, on clay court, by defeating in the final Walner Espinoza 6–0, 6–1, becoming the youngest Italian player to win an ITF Junior tournament. With the excellent results obtained in 2010, Quinzi was nominated Player of the Year, in the category Under-14, by the European Tennis Association; before him, years before, previous nominees for this award have included Andy Murray, Novak Djokovic, Marin Čilić, Gaël Monfils, Kim Clijsters, Justine Henin and Anna Kournikova. Quinzi obtained his best result in Italy: in Milan he won the Trofeo Bonfiglio in 2012, beating Temür Ismailov in three sets. At the 2012 French Open Junior he was seeded No. 2. He was eliminated in the third round by British tennis player Kyle Edmund; 7–6(1), 1–6, 6–4. At the 2012 Wimbledon Junior the young Italian, No. 3 seed, arrived in the semifinals where he lost to Luke Saville, who was No. 1 in the Junior ITF rankings and the returning champion from 2011. In September, he reached the 2012 US Open Junior quarterfinals, losing in three sets to the Japanese player Yoshihito Nishioka. In September 2012, Quinzi entered in the history of Italian tennis: he won the 2012 Junior Davis Cup with Filippo Baldi: the first", "title": "Gianluigi Quinzi" }, { "docid": "36863913", "text": "Judith Mary Murray, OBE (née Erskine; born 8 September 1959) is a Scottish tennis coach. She is the mother of professional tennis players Jamie and Sir Andy Murray. Life and career Murray was born on 8 September 1959 in Bridge of Allan, Stirlingshire, the daughter of Alison Shirley (née Edney) and Roy Erskine, an optician and former footballer who had played for Stirling Albion in the 1950s. She says that growing up, there were no indoor tennis courts in Scotland, so she played tennis in the summer and badminton in the winter. She won 64 titles in Scotland during her junior and senior career, and decided to have a go at the professional tour in around 1976. Murray gave up the idea of competing professionally as she was homesick and was robbed in Barcelona. However, she had played against players such as Debbie Jevans and Mariana Simionescu. Murray claims that her playing style did not have any big shots, but she was quick around the court and read the game well. She decided to go to the University of Edinburgh to study French and German, before dropping German in favour of business studies. In 1981, she graduated from the University of Edinburgh and represented Great Britain at the World Student Games. She began coaching and was the initial coach for both her sons before handing over the reins as their professional careers bloomed. In the early 1980s, Murray lived in the West End of Glasgow and was a member of Broomhill Lawn Tennis and Squash club, winning the Club Championships three times and playing for its teams (under her maiden name). She remains a visitor to the club. Aside from her own sons, she has coached many players at regional and national level under the auspices of the British tennis governing body, the Lawn Tennis Association (LTA). In December 2011 she was elected to lead the British Fed Cup team as their captain. She says she took the job in part to raise the profile of female coaches and alleviate some of the sexism that she says remains in the sport. She resigned as Great Britain's Fed Cup Captain in March 2016. Murray was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2017 Birthday Honours for services to tennis, women in sport, and charity. She is a trustee of the Judy Murray Foundation, a registered charity under Scottish law, with the object of improving access to tennis opportunities across Scotland. In 2018, Murray appeared as a contestant on The Chase Celebrity Christmas Special. In 2020, Murray appeared as a contestant on Celebrity Masterchef. Murray was given the 2021 Georgina Clark Mother Award from the Women's Tennis Association. Honorary Doctorates Murray was awarded an Honorary Doctorate by the University of Edinburgh on 8 October 2013. On 22 November 2013 Murray received an honorary doctorate from the University of Stirling. She received three honorary degrees in 2016 – one from the University of Aberdeen, another from the University", "title": "Judy Murray" }, { "docid": "3955138", "text": "Harold Segerson Mahony (13 February 1867 – 27 June 1905) was a Scottish-born Irish tennis player who is best known for winning the singles title at the Wimbledon Championships in 1896. His career lasted from 1888 until his death in 1905. Mahony was born in Scotland but lived in Ireland for the majority of his life; his family were Irish including both of his parents, the family home was in County Kerry, Southwestern Ireland. He was the last Scottish born man to win Wimbledon until the victory of Andy Murray at the 2013 championships. Career Mahony was born at 21 Charlotte Square, Edinburgh to Richard John Mahony, an Irish barrister and prominent landowner. The family had a home in Scotland but spent most of their time at Dromore Castle, in County Kerry, Ireland. Harold trained on a specially built tennis court at Dromore. Mahony made his Wimbledon debut in 1890 exiting in the first round. He reached the semifinal in 1891 and 1892. Mahony spent some time in America in the mid-1890s, before returning to the United Kingdom and finally taking the Wimbledon crown in 1896. In the final he beat Wilfred Baddeley of Great Britain in five sets. Under the challenger system Mahony was entitled to defend the Wimbledon title in 1897 but this time he was beaten in the Challenge Round in three straight sets by Reginald Doherty. He was the last Scottish-born player to win a grand slam until Andy Murray won the US Open in 2012 and win Wimbledon until Murray won it in 2013. He was recognised as the third and last Irishman to win the Wimbledon singles. He won the singles title at the British Covered Court Championships, played at the Queen's Club in London, in 1893 and successfully defended his title the following year. In 1895 Mahony forfeited the defence of his title due to illness. In 1898 he won the singles titles at the prestigious Irish Championships. That same year Mahony, who was a regular competitor in Germany and spoke fluent German, also won the singles title at the German Championships. At the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris he won a silver medal in the men's singles event and a bronze medal in the doubles competition (for Great Britain and Ireland), as well as a silver medal in the mixed doubles event with Hélène Prévost from France. Mahony won the Kent Championships in 1899, defeating Wilberforce Eaves in the final, and in 1904, defeating Brame Hillyard in the final. Mahony was a member of the 1903 British Isles Davis Cup team that won the against the United States at the Longwood Cricket Club in Boston but did not play in the event. When four-time Wimbledon champion Reginald Doherty had a shoulder injury the British team captain William Collins elected to forfeit his first match, instead of letting Mahony play, so that Doherty would be allowed to play the reverse singles match later in the event. Mahony was 1.91m (6 ft 3in) tall", "title": "Harold Mahony" }, { "docid": "49946650", "text": "Tie Break Tens is a short tennis format in which only tie-break matches are played. There are no games or sets, only tie-break matches and the winner is the first player to reach 10 points and lead by a margin of two. Most other traditional rules of tennis are the same. The winner-take-all charity prize money is US$250,000 for each tournament. It is a short-format version of tennis, similar to other alternative forms of traditional sports, such as T20 Cricket and rugby sevens. The inaugural Tie Break Tens tournament took place at the Royal Albert Hall on 5 December 2015. It was won by Kyle Edmund who beat Andy Murray in the finals. Since then, tournaments have been played in Vienna, Madrid, Melbourne, New York, Indian Wells and Dubai with the world's current top tennis professionals competing for the grand prize. Rules Tie Break Tens is played using traditional tie-break rules. Players win by reaching 10 points (provided that they have a clear margin of two points). Rock-paper-scissors determines who serves first, and from which end of the court they play. The player who wins the toss, serves first. The other player then serves twice, and with the rest of the match continues with the players alternating serves every two points. Players change ends after every six points. Players are allowed an unlimited number of line-call challenges using review technology during each match, until an incorrect challenge is made. After this, no more challenges are allowed until the next match. Format A knock-out format is used, with quarterfinals, semifinals and final. 2015: London The inaugural Tie Break Tens tournament took place on 5 December 2015 at the Royal Albert Hall in London. A round-robin format was used, with six players divided into two groups of three. It was staged in partnership with Champions Tennis and promoted by IMG with a winner-take-all prize of $250,000. Andy Murray, John McEnroe, Tim Henman, David Ferrer, Kyle Edmund and Champions Tennis qualifier Xavier Malisse participated in the competition. In the final, Edmund defeated Andy Murray 10-7 and took away the $250,000 prize, more than doubling his earnings for 2015. Men's singles Source: Tie Break Tens 2016: Vienna Tie Break Tens took place on 23 October 2016, the opening weekend of the Erste Bank Open 500 in Vienna. Andy Murray, Jo Wilfried Tsonga, Dominic Thiem, Tommy Haas, Goran Ivanišević and Marcus Willis competed. It also was competed as a round-robin. Dominic Thiem won, defeating Andy Murray 10–5 in the Final. Men's singles Source: Tie Break Tens 2017: Madrid Tie Break Tens Tens took place at the Caja Mágica in Madrid on 4 May 2017. It featured both men's and women's tournaments for the first time. Grigor Dimitrov won the men's title with Simona Halep taking the women's title. The knock-out format debuted here and has been used ever since. Men's singles Stan Wawrinka, Grigor Dimitrov, Lucas Pouille, Feliciano López, Dan Evans, Tomáš Berdych, Jack Sock and Fernando Verdasco competed in the men's tournament. Dimitrov defeated", "title": "Tie Break Tens" }, { "docid": "63394471", "text": "Albert Henry Murray (September 3, 1887 — June 17, 1974) was an English born Canadian professional golfer. During his playing career, Murray became the youngest Canadian Open winner in 1908. After rewinning the Canadian Open in 1913, Murray was the 1924 Canadian PGA Championship winner. Outside of playing, Murray planned out golf courses throughout Quebec such as the Royal Quebec Golf Club and Country Club of Montreal. Among his honours, Murray was inducted into the Canadian Golf Hall of Fame in 1974 and the Canada's Sports Hall of Fame in 2015. Early life On September 3, 1887, Murray was born in Nottingham, England. After moving to Toronto when he was an infant, Murray was a caddie at the Toronto Golf Club between 1897 and 1902. Career After moving to Montreal in 1903, Murray became the youngest Canadian professional golfer while assistant to his brother Charlie Murray. While in Quebec, Murray won the Quebec Open in 1910 before reclaiming the championship in 1930. In other Canadian events, Murray won the Canadian Open twice with his 1908 and 1913 wins. With the 1908 championship, Murray became the youngest person to win the Canadian open, a record he still holds more than a 100 years later. Murray also won the Canadian PGA Championship in 1924 and the Seniors' Championship in 1939 and 1942 editions. In PGA Tour majors, Murray appeared three times at the U.S. Open between 1909 and 1913. His best performance was 26th at the 1912 U.S. Open. Outside of his playing career, Murray co-founded the Canadian Professional Golfers Association in 1911 and opened Canada's first indoor golf school in the basement of the Ritz-Carlton hotel in Montreal in 1916. As a builder, Murray planned and redesigned golf courses throughout Quebec including the Country Club of Montreal and Royal Quebec Golf Club. In executive positions, Murray first held the position of president for the PGA of Canada between 1920 and 1921. He resumed his executive position with the PGA of Canada in 1933 and 1941. Awards and honours In 1974, Murray was inducted into the Canadian Golf Hall of Fame. His posthumous inductions include the Golf Quebec Hall of Fame in 1996, PGA of Canada Hall of Fame in 2014, and the Canada's Sports Hall of Fame in 2015. Personal life Murray died on June 17, 1974, in the Montreal Neurological Hospital. He was married and had three children. References Canadian male golfers Golf administrators British emigrants to Canada 1887 births 1974 deaths", "title": "Albert Murray (golfer)" }, { "docid": "53849611", "text": "Rafael Nadal defeated Stan Wawrinka in the final, 6–2, 6–3, 6–1 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 2017 French Open. It was his record-extending tenth French Open title and 15th major title overall. Nadal became the first man to win ten singles titles at the same major. He won the title without losing a set for a record-equaling third time (tying Björn Borg), not losing more than four games in any set played. He lost only 35 games during the tournament, his personal best, and the second-best in the tournament's history after Borg in 1978. Nadal also became the third man, after Ken Rosewall and Pete Sampras, to win a major title in his teens, twenties, and thirties. Novak Djokovic was the defending champion, but lost to Dominic Thiem in the quarterfinals. Djokovic was attempting to become the first man in the Open Era to achieve a double career Grand Slam (he would eventually achieve the feat four years later). This was the first time since 2010 that he did not reach at least the semifinals at the French Open, and the first time since 2009 that he lost a French Open match in straight sets. The hard-fought semifinal between Wawrinka and Andy Murray marked the end for both players at the very top of the sport, as both suffered injuries that took them out of the game for months from which they did not reclaim their prior preeminence. Neither has since reached another major semi-final. This marked the first major appearance of future ATP Finals champion and two-time major finalist Stefanos Tsitsipas, who lost to Ivo Karlović in the first round. Seeds Draw Finals Top half Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Bottom half Section 5 Section 6 Section 7 Section 8 Seeded players The following are the seeded players. Seedings are based on 22 May 2017. Rank and points before are as of 29 May 2017. Because the tournament takes place one week later than in 2016, points defending includes results from both the 2016 French Open and tournaments from the week of 6 June 2016 (Stuttgart and 's-Hertogenbosch). † The player did not qualify for the tournament in 2016. Accordingly, points for his 18th best result are deducted instead. Withdrawn players The following player would have been seeded, but withdrew from the event. Other entry information Wild cards Protected ranking Qualifiers Lucky loser Andrey Rublev Withdrawals Retirements Notes References External links Official Roland Garros 2017 Men's Singles Draw 2017 French Open – Men's draws and results at the International Tennis Federation Men's Singles French Open by year – Men's singles French Open - Men's Singles", "title": "2017 French Open – Men's singles" }, { "docid": "9662168", "text": "The Great Britain Davis Cup team has represented the United Kingdom internationally since 1900 in the Davis Cup. Organised by the Lawn Tennis Association (LTA), it is one of the 50 members of International Tennis Federation's European association (Tennis Europe). The team has won the world cup 10 times and been runner-ups on 8 occasions. It has longstanding rivalries with Australia and the United States. The national team took part in the inaugural Davis Cup in 1900, and has spent 16 years in the World Group. They are the third most successful team in terms of championships won. Despite this success, the team's performance has been inconsistent; between long periods without significant impact in the competition, it has enjoyed its most successful periods in the 1900s, winning five of the first 12 editions of the tournament and four wins in the 1930s with Fred Perry, with a significant resurgence in the mid-2010s with Andy Murray and his brother Jamie culminating in victory in 2015. Under the current management of Leon Smith, the national team qualified to the World Group in 2013, won the title in 2015, and reached the semi-finals in 2016. In its new tournament format, Great Britain and Australia were invited to the new 2019 Davis Cup Finals as a wild card in recognition of their historic status in the competition; taking advantage, the British team reached the semi-finals of the inaugural finals event with a new generation of top 30 players such as Cameron Norrie and Dan Evans, and high ranked doubles specialists such as Jamie Murray, Neal Skupski and Joe Salisbury. History Early years, dominance and decline (1900–1986) Great Britain's first match, and first ever national team match in history, was a 0–3 loss to the United States in 1900. The tournament was not organised in 1901, and Britain lost the following year, but the British won the competition for the first time in 1903. The national team would go on to dominate the competition, winning the next three tournaments. The postwar period saw moderate results, but British fortunes declined until the appointment of 31-year old Paul Hutchins as captain in 1976. He would captain the team for 10 years, and lead the team in 31 ties (a record). He would lead Great Britain to the final in 1978, defeating Australia 3–2 in the semifinal, only to lose to the United States 1–4. Despite losing in the final, the team won (alongside the women's Wightman Cup team) the BBC Sports Personality Team of the Year Award. Likewise, it was the first time the LTA promoted the event. According to The Guardian \"Britain has seen a decline in its Davis Cup fortunes ever since [the final].\" The next two years saw mixed results, but in 1981 the team reached the semifinals, losing to Australia. It would be their last semifinal until 2015. Declining fortunes (1986–2010) Warren Jacques, an Australian, was appointed captain in 1988 as Hutchins' replacement. He was appointed due to his former role in coaching", "title": "Great Britain Davis Cup team" }, { "docid": "19247534", "text": "Despite being the founders of the sport of tennis, Britain has not enjoyed much success in the four Grand Slams; namely the Australian Open, the French Open, Wimbledon, and the US Open. The most recent British winner was Emma Raducanu, who won the 2021 US Open Women's Singles, beating Leylah Fernandez in the final. The last man to win a Grand Slam tournament was Andy Murray, who won Wimbledon in 2016, beating Milos Raonic in the final. The most successful British tennis player of all time was Fred Perry, who is the only Briton to have won all four Grand Slam tournaments. Angela Mortimer, Ann Haydon-Jones and Virginia Wade each won three of the Grand Slams. Andy Murray is the only British player, apart from Fred Perry, to have reached the final of all four Grand Slams. This table lists British Grand Slam singles tennis finalists. Competitors normally only competed in their home countries in the early years of the championships, and British players always won the men's tournament at Wimbledon until 1906, and the women's tournament until 1905. Key Heavy type means champion Light type means losing finalist Men's singles Women's singles See also List of US Open women's singles champions List of US Open men's singles champions List of Australian Open men's singles champions List of Australian Open women's singles champions List of French Open men's singles champions List of French Open women's singles champions List of Wimbledon gentlemen's singles champions List of Wimbledon ladies' singles champions References Tennis Tennis in the United Kingdom tennis Lists of tennis players", "title": "List of British singles finalists at Grand Slam tennis tournaments" }, { "docid": "21940678", "text": "The BNP Paribas Showdown (formerly NetJets Showdown, Billie Jean King Cup) was an annual one-night exhibition tennis event operated by GF Sports and held at Madison Square Garden in New York City in February or March from 2008 through 2017. The Showdown was part of World Tennis Day, an initiative to increase tennis participation around the world. The event served as the kick-off to the tennis season in North America, with the United States Tennis Association (USTA) running thousands of clinics across the country throughout the spring. The event's format changed from year-to-year, including male and female players (current and retired) playing singles and doubles. Some of the greatest players of all-time participated in the BNP Paribas Showdown, including Roger Federer, Serena Williams, Pete Sampras, Novak Djokovic, Rafael Nadal, Andy Murray and Bob & Mike Bryan. The final Showdown on March 6, 2017, included Venus Williams, Garbiñe Muguruza, Juan Martín del Potro, Kei Nishikori, Jack Sock, Nick Kyrgios, Andy Roddick, & Lleyton Hewitt in a team format. Team World defeated Team Americas 29–24. Following the 2017 edition of the event, BNP Paribas withdrew its sponsorship and an alternate backer could not be found, so Tie Break Tens took its place at the Madison Square Garden. Event history The event was launched in 2008 as the NetJets Showdown, and it represented a return of tennis to Madison Square Garden after almost a decade-long hiatus. A sold-out crowd watched Roger Federer and Pete Sampras—two of the most prominent players at the time—face-off. Federer defeated Sampras in a classic, 6–3, 6–7(4), 7-6(6). 2009 marked the inaugural year of the Billie Jean King Cup, and the first time that women's tennis had been played at Madison Square Garden since 2000, when the year-ending Chase Championships were held. The event featured Serena Williams, Venus Williams, Ana Ivanovic and Jelena Janković. Serena Williams won her semifinal match against Ana Ivanovic 6–3, and Venus Williams won hers 6–4 against Jelena Janković. The final was won by Serena 6–4, 6–3. The Billie Jean King Cup returned in 2010 and was won by Venus Williams. In 2011, the event was renamed the BNP Paribas Showdown; it was a celebration of American tennis legends and two of the greatest rivalries in the sport's history: Ivan Lendl vs. John McEnroe, and Pete Sampras vs. Andre Agassi. Between 2011 and 2016, several other Grand Slam champions and former World No. 1's played at the Garden. In 2013, the Showdown was expanded and also held in Hong Kong for the first time. In 2014, the Showdown expanded from New York and Hong Kong to a third location: London. The 2017 edition was played on 6 March 2017 and introduced a new \"Fast Format\" for the 4 matches, with the event's first-ever team format in the style of mixed doubles. Team World, captained by Lleyton Hewitt, defeated Team Americas, captained by Andy Roddick 29–24. Tennis Night in America (TNIA) In 2009, the USTA launched Tennis Night in America (TNIA) as one of its top", "title": "BNP Paribas Showdown" }, { "docid": "39897895", "text": "The 2013 Wimbledon Championships Men's Singles final was the championship tennis match of the Men's Singles tournament at the 2013 Wimbledon Championships. A significant part of the Djokovic–Murray rivalry, it pitted the world's top two players, Novak Djokovic and Andy Murray, against each other in a Grand Slam final for the fourth time. After three hours and nine minutes, second seeded Murray defeated World No. 1 Djokovic 6–4, 7–5, 6–4 to win the match. By winning the 2013 Wimbledon Championships, Murray became the first British man since Fred Perry in 1936 to win the Wimbledon title and the first Scottish man since Harold Mahony in 1896 to win the title. The match was watched by a peak television audience of 17.3 million in the UK on BBC One. In the United States, ratings dropped 35% from the 2012 final when Roger Federer defeated Murray, making it the second least watched final since 1996 (only ahead of 2010). This was Djokovic's last defeat on Centre Court until his defeat by Carlos Alcaraz in the 2023 final. Background The match took place on the final day of the 2013 edition of the 13-day Wimbledon Championships, held every June and July. These two players had been heavily favoured to meet in the final following the early round defeats of Rafael Nadal, Roger Federer and Jo-Wilfried Tsonga, among others. Novak Djokovic was the top seed despite not being the defending champion, and was going for a second title at Wimbledon after winning in 2011, whilst Andy Murray, the second seed, was going for his first title after finishing runner-up to Federer the previous year. Both players had made it through their first four matches in straight sets, and both had to overcome tough five-set matches to make the final: Murray against Fernando Verdasco in the quarter-finals, against whom he dropped the first two sets, and Djokovic against Juan Martín del Potro, where he defeated the Argentine in the longest men's singles semifinal in Wimbledon history at the time, clocking in at 4 hours and 43 minutes. Match Andy Murray won the pre-match coin toss and chose ends, Novak Djokovic elected to serve first. Andy Murray then tested his serve early, earning three break points before Djokovic reeled off five consecutive points to take the opening game of the match. Murray then broke to take a 2–1 lead, but was immediately broken right back, after which Murray broke again to take a 4–3 lead. From there, neither player managed to break again in that set, with Murray serving out the set to love to take the first set 6–4. Djokovic then started to make a comeback as he broke to take a 4–1 lead in the second set, though Murray then won the next three games to level the set at 4–4. Murray broke once again at 6–5 and once again served an ace on set point to win the second set 7–5 and thus go two sets up. Murray then broke early to take", "title": "2013 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles final" }, { "docid": "2496751", "text": "Tennis was first contested as a Summer Olympic sport in the 1896 Olympic Games, held in Athens. In the inaugural Olympic Games, only two tournaments were played: men's singles and men's doubles. Women were allowed to start to compete in singles and mixed doubles tennis events at the Olympic Games in 1900. Between 1928 and 1984, tennis was not included in the official Olympic program. Demonstration tennis events were, however, held twice, first in 1968 and later 1984. It was reinstated as a medal sport in 1988. Kathleen McKane Godfree (one gold, two silvers, and two bronzes) and Venus Williams (four gold, one silver) are the record holders for the most Olympic medals in tennis. Serena Williams and Venus Williams won a record four gold medals. Reginald Doherty is the record holder for most medals in men's tennis. Andy Murray is the only men's player to have won two singles gold medals. Only on three occasions has a player won back-to-back gold medals in the same event across two Olympic Games: Gigi Fernández and Mary Joe Fernández in women’s doubles in 1992 and 1996, Serena Williams and Venus Williams in women's doubles in 2008 and 2012, and Andy Murray in the men's singles in 2012 and 2016. Singles Men's singles Women's singles Doubles Men's doubles Women's doubles Mixed doubles Discontinued events Singles (discontinued) Men's indoor singles Women's indoor singles Doubles (discontinued) Men's indoor doubles Indoor mixed doubles Athlete medal leaders Players currently active in bold. Men leaders Men's singles leaders Women leaders Women's singles leaders Medal table See also Tennis at the 1906 Intercalated Games — these Intercalated Games are no longer regarded as official Games by the International Olympic Committee Wheelchair tennis at the Summer Paralympics#Medalists Notes The Olympic medal table is ranked first by the number of gold medals won and then by silver and bronze medals if there is a tie. References External links Olympic Tennis at Sports-Reference.com. Olympic Tennis at Olympedia. Tennis Medalists Olympic o", "title": "List of Olympic medalists in tennis" }, { "docid": "2259299", "text": "Tennis was part of the Summer Olympic Games program from the inaugural 1896 Summer Olympics, but was dropped after the 1924 Summer Olympics due to disputes between the International Lawn Tennis Federation and the International Olympic Committee over how to define amateur players. After two appearances as a demonstration sport in 1968 and 1984 (with a U-21 age limit), it returned as a full medal sport at the 1988 Summer Olympics open for all players regardless of their age and status and has been played at every summer Games since then. In 1896, 1900, 1904, 1988, 1992, semifinal losers shared bronze medals. In all other years, a playoff match for the bronze medal was staged. From the 2004 until the 2012 Summer Olympics, results from the Olympics had ranking points that the ATP and WTA added to their players' annual totals in singles for that calendar year. This was discontinued beginning with the 2016 Summer Olympics. While the number of ranking points did not equate with those given at the majors, the Olympic tournaments have increased in perceived importance since their reintroduction, with some players, critics and sports pundits considering winning gold at the Olympics just as prestigious as winning a major title and some considering it even more prestigious. Serena Williams and Venus Williams have each won a record four gold medals, three each as a doubles pairing, the only players to win the same Olympic event on three occasions. Venus Williams (four gold, one silver) and Kathleen McKane Godfree (one gold, two silvers, and two bronzes) are the all-time record holders for the most Olympic tennis medals, with five each. Andy Murray is the only player to have won two singles gold medals, and the only singles player to have retained the Olympic title. Nicolás Massú, Venus Williams, and Serena Williams are the only players in the Open Era to win both the singles and same-sex doubles tournaments at one Games, doing so in 2004, 2000, and 2012 respectively. A player who wins an Olympic or Paralympic gold medal and all four majors in the same year is said to have won a Golden Slam, while a player that has won all four Grand Slam titles and Olympic gold during their career has a 'career Golden Slam'. As of 2021, Steffi Graf is the only player to have won a single-year Golden Slam, in 1988. Serena Williams has won a career Golden Slam twice over, the only singles player to do so. In men's tennis, Andre Agassi and Rafael Nadal have each won career Golden Slams. Multiple doubles players have achieved the feat, with Serena Williams the only player to complete the career Grand Slam in both singles and doubles. In 2021, wheelchair tennis players Diede de Groot and Dylan Alcott achieved the equivalent wheelchair tennis prize with Paralympic gold. Since 2021, in line with all Grand Slam tournaments, the deciding set (third) has a 7-point tiebreaker game to decide the match at 6-all. Should the tiebreaker game", "title": "Tennis at the Summer Olympics" }, { "docid": "1896352", "text": "Tomáš Berdych (; born 17 September 1985) is a Czech former professional tennis player. His most notable achievement was reaching the final of the 2010 Wimbledon Championships, completing consecutive upsets in the defeat of top seed and six-time champion Roger Federer in the quarterfinals, and of No. 3 Novak Djokovic in the semifinals. In the final, he lost to Rafael Nadal in straight sets. Berdych's biggest career title was the Paris Masters in 2005 as an unseeded player, defeating Ivan Ljubičić in the final. Berdych has reached the semifinals of all four Grand Slams. Alongside his Wimbledon performance in the same year, he reached the semifinals of the 2010 French Open, defeating fourth seed Andy Murray in straight sets in the fourth round, and dropping no sets until his loss in the semifinals to Robin Söderling. At the 2012 US Open he defeated No. 1 Roger Federer, again at the quarterfinal stage, before losing to eventual champion Murray. During the 2014 Australian Open he lost to eventual champion Stan Wawrinka in four sets during the semifinals. He is the second player (after David Nalbandian) to defeat Roger Federer multiple times in Grand Slam events before the semifinal stage. He has the distinction of being one of three players, the others being Jo-Wilfried Tsonga and Stan Wawrinka, to defeat all the Big Four in major events. Berdych is considered one of the best tennis players to have never won a Grand Slam title. As well as his Paris Masters win, Berdych reached the finals of the Miami Masters in 2010, Madrid Open in 2012 and Monte Carlo Masters in 2015. He first reached his career-high singles ranking of No. 4 in May 2015. He also played the longest ATP doubles match ever, with Lukáš Rosol, defeating Marco Chiudinelli and Stan Wawrinka in the first round of the 2013 Davis Cup 6–4, 5–7, 6–4, 6–7, 24–22. The match was played on 2 February 2013, lasting 7 hours, 2 minutes. It was the second-longest ATP match ever (singles and doubles combined). Early life Berdych was born in Valašské Meziříčí, Moravia, Czechoslovakia (the Czech Republic since 1993) to Hana Berdychová and Martin Berdych. Berdych started playing tennis when he was five at the tennis centre in his hometown and birthplace of Valašské Meziříčí. His father, Martin, was a train engineer and a very good tennis player while his mother, Hana, is a doctor. Berdych describes his childhood as full of joy and happiness. At age 8 he won the top young boys of Czech Republic in Pardubice. Berdych soon became a top junior, winning the Czech Republic U-12 Junior Title. He then moved to the city of Prostějov, where there were more practice partners and better coaches. Berdych traveled back home often to keep his ties to his old school. Due to the harsh winters in the Czech Republic, winter preparation took place inside a sports hall. Berdych cites this as the reason he prefers hard courts, and especially indoor conditions. Personal life Berdych", "title": "Tomáš Berdych" }, { "docid": "51735187", "text": "The 2016 BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award took place on 18 December 2016 at the Genting Arena in Birmingham. It was the 63rd presentation of the BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award. Awarded annually by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), the main award honours an individual's British sporting achievement over the past year, with the winner selected by public vote from a sixteen-person shortlist. The winner was Tennis player Andy Murray, who became the first person to win the award three times. The event, broadcast live on BBC One, was hosted by Gary Lineker, Clare Balding and Gabby Logan. Nominees The nominees were revealed on 28 November 2016, during BBC One's The One Show. To reflect the vast success of the past year, a record 16 sportspeople were named on the shortlist. Other awards In addition to the main award as \"Sports Personality of the Year\", several other awards were also announced: Overseas Personality: Simone Biles Team of the Year: Leicester City F.C. Lifetime Achievement: Michael Phelps Coach of the Year: Claudio Ranieri Helen Rollason Award: Ben Smith Young Personality: Ellie Robinson Unsung Hero Award: Marcellus Baz In Memoriam Johan Cruyff Don Howe Gary Sprake Sylvia Gore Stacey Burrows Lucy Pygott Dr John Aldridge Mitch Fenner Roger Millward Mick Sullivan Denys Smith Thomas Cusack Malachi Mitchell-Thomas Billy Redmayne Tony Mottram JJ Warr Hannah Francis Karen Lewis-Archer Sarah Young Roddy Evans Grahame Hodgson Ken Higgs Hanif Mohammad Ruth Prideaux Beryl Crockford Ailish Sheehan Sarah Tait Gerald Williams Dave Lanning Dickie Jeeps Seb Adeniran-Olule Anthony Foley Arnold Palmer Christy O'Connor Jnr Christy O'Connor Snr John Disley Dave Cropper Anne Pashley Frans ten Bos Alastair Biggar Jack Bannister Martin Crowe Ronan Costello Harry Jepson Pavel Srnicek Cesare Maldini Alan Henry Bob Cass Dalian Atkinson Phil Gartside Walter Swinburn Carlos Alberto Walter McGowan Mike Towell Freddie Gilroy Tony Cozier Bud Collins Isabelle Docherty Martin Barker Meadowlark Lemon Bill Johnson Bahman Golbarnezhad Mark Farren Zoe Tynan Victims of the Chapecoense air disaster References External links Official website Bbc BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award Bbc 2010s in Birmingham, West Midlands BBC Sports Personality of the Year awards BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award", "title": "2016 BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award" } ]	[ { "docid": "33274260", "text": "The 2011 Shanghai Rolex Masters was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the third edition of the Shanghai ATP Masters 1000, classified as an ATP World Tour Masters 1000 event on the 2011 ATP World Tour. It took place at Qizhong Forest Sports City Arena in Shanghai, China. This edition was held from 10 October through 16 October 2011. Second-seeded Andy Murray won the singles title. Points and prize money Point distribution Prize money Entrants Seeds Rankings are as of October 3, 2011. Other entrants The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw: Gong Maoxin Li Zhe David Nalbandian Zhang Ze The following players received entry from the qualifying draw: Stéphane Bohli Matthew Ebden Ryan Harrison Marsel İlhan Lu Yen-hsun Albert Ramos Donald Young Withdrawals Juan Martín del Potro Novak Djokovic (ruptured back muscle) Roger Federer (fatigue) Richard Gasquet (elbow injury) John Isner (illness) Gaël Monfils (knee injury) Robin Söderling (mono) Finals Singles Andy Murray defeated David Ferrer, 7–5, 6–4 It was Murray's 5th title of the year and 21st of his career. It was his 2nd Masters of the year and 8th of his career. He defended his title. Doubles Max Mirnyi / Daniel Nestor defeated Michaël Llodra / Nenad Zimonjić, 3–6, 6–1, [12–10] References External links Official website Shanghai ATP Masters 1000 Shanghai Rolex Masters Shanghai Rolex Masters Shanghai Masters (tennis)", "title": "2011 Shanghai Rolex Masters" }, { "docid": "3759199", "text": "Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Bogomolov Jr. (; born April 23, 1983), nicknamed Bogie, is a Russian-American retired professional tennis player. Tennis career Bogomolov's father, Alex Sr., was a former Soviet national tennis coach who worked with Larisa Neiland, Yevgeny Kafelnikov, and Andrei Medvedev. Born in Moscow, Russia, the 5' 10\" Bogomolov was the no. 1 ranked USTA player for the 18s section in 2000 , and had a career-high ranking of world no. 33 on October 31, 2011. In 1998, Bogomolov won the USTA National Boys' 16 Championships, defeating Andy Roddick in the final. He was the first player to be beaten by David Nalbandian in the main draw of a Grand Slam tournament, at the 2001 US Open. In 2005, he was suspended for 1.5 months due to a positive doping test during the Australian Open. The banned substance found was salbutamol, which Bogomolov admitted taking through an inhaler to treat exercise-induced asthma. However, he had not filed the proper paperwork and was not covered by an exemption. The tribunal found that since he had not intentionally taken the drug in an effort to boost his performance, the usual two-year ban did not apply. He lost the prize money and ranking points earned at several competitions. In July 2008, he won the Shotgun 21 world championship at the Pacific Palisades Tennis Center, defeating John Isner in the semifinal, and Phillip King in the final, twice by the score of 21–20. Bogomolov beat world no. 83 Bobby Reynolds, 6–2, 4–6, 6–3, in Waco, Texas in September 2008. After having surgery on his left wrist in late 2008, Bogomolov began work at the Gotham Tennis Academy. In July 2009 at the Hall of Fame Championships, he defeated Arnaud Clément of France, 1–6, 6–3, 6–4. Bogomolov won his first Challenger title in three years in Champaign-Urbana over Amer Delić, 5–7, 7–6, 6–3. It is his first title of 2010. In 2011, he defeated Andy Murray in straight sets, 6–1, 7–5, in the second round of the Miami Masters 1000. He was defeated by John Isner in the third round, 2–6, 6–7. At the 2011 Farmers Classic, Bogomolov was defeated by Ernests Gulbis in the semifinals, 2–6, 6–7. He defeated Robby Ginepri in straight sets, 6–4, 6–3, in the first round of the Western & Southern Open. He set up a rematch against Andy Murray, after defeating an out-of-sorts world no. 10 Jo-Wilfried Tsonga, 6–3, 6–4, in the second round. He lost to Murray, 2–6, 5–7. At the US Open, he lost in the third round to John Isner, 6–7, 4–6, 4–6. He was eliminated in the first round in Kuala Lumpur by Marcos Baghdatis, 6–7, 4–6. At the end of the 2011 season he was named the ATP's most improved player after rising from no.166 in the ATP rankings at the beginning of 2011 to no. 33 at season's end. On December 1, 2011, the International Tennis Federation ruled him eligible to compete for Russia in the Davis Cup. In the 2012 Australian Open", "title": "Alex Bogomolov Jr." }, { "docid": "504513", "text": "Lenda Murray (born 22 February 1962) is an American professional female bodybuilding champion. Early life and education Murray was born in 1962 in Detroit, Michigan, the daughter of Darcelious and Louvelle Murray. She began participating in organized sports at the age of 15. At Henry Ford High School, Murray was both a record-holding sprinter and varsity cheerleader. She went on to attend Western Michigan University, earning a degree in political science and intended to become a lawyer. While at Western Michigan, she continued to cheerlead, and became the second African American to be chosen as the university’s homecoming queen in 1982. After a brief tenure cheerleading for the Michigan Panthers in the now-defunct United States Football League, she worked with the Michigan Panthers for two years and then was invited to try out for the Dallas Cowboys cheerleaders. After she auditioned for the group and made the next-to-last cut, she decided she might need to slenderize her thighs a bit. Bodybuilding career Amateur career In 1984, Murray joined a gym, the Powerhouse Gym, in Highland Park, Michigan. Within the first two days of joining the gym, Ron Love, an NPC Nationals contender told her that she had the physique to be a bodybuilder. After about a year of training to just stay in shape, Murray decided to compete in the 1985 Ms. Michigan Championships. After placing fourth, she was hooked on the sport. Murray's father did not show up for her first bodybuilding competition, but eventually did for others. She rose quickly through the ranks, soon winning contests at the state and regional levels. In 1989, Murray earned her professional status at the IFBB North American Championships. Professional career 1990–1997 Murray soon became a regular presence in bodybuilding magazines and a favorite subject of photographer Bill Dobbins who focused extensively on her in his books The Women and Modern Amazons. At the 1990 Ms. Olympia, Murray succeeded six-time champion Cory Everson and defeated Bev Francis to become the Ms. Olympia champion, a title Murray would hold for six years from 1990 to 1995. She appeared in such mass-market publications as Sports Illustrated, Ebony, Mademoiselle, and Vanity Fair, as well as in Annie Leibovitz’s photo essay Women. Murray’s physique became the standard against which professional female bodybuilders are now judged—an hourglass figure, with broad shoulders tapering into a V-shaped torso mirrored by a proportionally-developed lower body. At the 1991 Ms. Olympia, Murray won the slimmest margin of victory for any Ms. Olympia, edging out Bev Francis by a final score of 31 to 32. Afterwards, she would go on to win the Ms. Olympia competition in 1992, 1993, 1994, and 1995. First retirement Murray lost the Ms. Olympia title to Kim Chizevsky-Nicholls in 1996, and went into retirement after finishing second to Chizevsky-Nicholls again in December 1997. 2002–2004 Lenda, after Lonnie Teper left a voice message telling her to compete again, started thinking of coming out of retirement. She thought she could beat Juliette Bergman and thought it was sign when", "title": "Lenda Murray" }, { "docid": "13847679", "text": "The 2007 St. Petersburg Open was a tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts. It was the 13th edition of the St. Petersburg Open, and was part of the International Series of the 2007 ATP Tour. It took place at the Petersburg Sports and Concert Complex in Saint Petersburg, Russia, from October 22 through October 28, 2007. The singles field was led by ATP No. 4, French Open and US Open semifinalist, and recent Moscow winner Nikolay Davydenko, Doha and Metz runner-up, San Jose champion Andy Murray, and Dubai and Munich finalist, Rotterdam titlist Mikhail Youzhny. Other seeded players were Valencia and Kitzbühel runner-up Potito Starace, Indianapolis and Bangkok champion Dmitry Tursunov, Fernando Verdasco, Philipp Kohlschreiber and Thomas Johansson. Davydenko controversy World No. 4, top seed and home favourite Nikolay Davydenko received a warning and a $2,000 fine for not trying hard enough during his second-round encounter against then-102nd-ranked Croatian Marin Čilić. After cruising through the first set 6–1, Davydenko lost a tight second 5–7, and eventually the third 1–6, committing ten double faults over the course of the match. Belgian chair umpire Jean-Philippe Dercq decided in the third set to issue Davydenko a code violation for lack of best effort. The accusation came as the Russian was under investigation from the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) after irregular betting patterns were found in his match against Martín Vassallo Argüello at the Sopot event earlier in the year. Davydenko called the umpire's decision \"outrageous\", and cited leg pain to explain his loss: \"The reality is that I started feeling tired. My legs were just dead by the third set. Maybe my problems are psychological, maybe it's in my head.\" His opponent, Čilić, backed up Davydenko, saying he did not believe the Russian had stopped trying to win the match. Davydenko appealed, and on November 13, after reviewing and analysing the match, the ATP decided to remove the sanction and rescind the fine, consequently closing the case. Finals Singles Andy Murray defeated Fernando Verdasco, 6–2, 6–3 It was Andy Murray's 2nd title of the year, and his 3rd overall. Doubles Daniel Nestor / Nenad Zimonjić defeated Jürgen Melzer / Todd Perry, 6–1, 7–6(7–3) References External links Official website Singles Draw Doubles Draw Qualifying Singles Draw 2007 St. Petersburg Open St. Petersburg Open St. Petersburg Open", "title": "2007 St. Petersburg Open" }, { "docid": "27617886", "text": "This page covers all the important events in the sport of tennis in 2011. Primarily, it provides the results of notable tournaments throughout the year on both the ATP and WTA Tours, the Davis Cup, and the Fed Cup. ITF Grand Slam events Just 6 male players reached at least the third round of all four grand slams: Rafael Nadal, David Ferrer, Jo-Wilfried Tsonga, Andy Murray, Novak Djokovic, and Roger Federer. Of this group, all but Tsonga would reach the fourth round of all four majors, with Federer and Nadal reaching all four quarterfinals and Djokovic and Murray reaching all four semifinals. Just 9 female players reached at least the third round of all four grand slams: Caroline Wozniacki, Svetlana Kuznetsova, Francesca Schiavone, Andrea Petkovic, Julia Görges, Maria Sharapova, Victoria Azarenka, Peng Shuai, and Vera Zvonareva. No player would reach at least the fourth round of all four majors. This was the first year since 2002 in which Roger Federer did not win a grand slam. Davis Cup World Group Draw S-Seeded U-Unseeded * Choice of ground Fed Cup World Group Draw S-Seeded U-Unseeded * Choice of ground Important Events January John Isner and Bethanie Mattek-Sands of the United States teamed up to defeat Belgium's Ruben Bemelmans and Justine Henin in the Hopman Cup final. Venus Williams retired for the first time in 251 Grand Slam matches in her third round match against Andrea Petković at the Australian Open due to a pelvic injury she sustained in the previous round. Francesca Schiavone defeated Svetlana Kuznetsova 6–4, 1–6, 16–14 in four hours and forty-four minutes in the fourth round of the Australian Open, making it the longest played Grand Slam women's singles tennis match in the Open Era. Rafael Nadal's bid to become the first man to hold all four Grand Slams since Rod Laver in 1969 was denied by David Ferrer in the quarterfinals of the Australian Open. Roger Federer followed up his win in Qatar by reaching the semifinals of the Australian Open, accumulating an Open Era record of 59 matches won at the year's first major. Justine Henin announced her second retirement from the sport in three years due to a lingering elbow injury sustained at the 2010 Wimbledon Championships. Kim Clijsters won her third Grand Slam title since coming out of retirement in 2009 by defeating Li Na in the Australian Open final. Na was the first Chinese woman to reach a Grand Slam final. Novak Djokovic defeated Andy Murray in straight sets to win his second Australian Open title. Murray became the first man to lose seven consecutive sets in Grand Slam final appearances, accumulating nine in total. On January 31, for the first time in the history of the WTA, ten different nations were represented in the association's list of top ten players. Robin Söderling, Stanislas Wawrinka, Petra Kvitová, Gréta Arn, Gilles Simon, David Ferrer, Li Na, and Jarmila Groth also won titles. February Kevin Anderson, Ivan Dodig, and Milos Raonic all won their maiden", "title": "2011 in tennis" }, { "docid": "25805227", "text": "Julia Murray (born December 23, 1988) is a Canadian retired freestyle skier and resides in Whistler, British Columbia. Murray was a member of the Canadian national ski cross team for 6 years. She was a FIS World Championships silver medalist in 2011. She competed in the 2010 Olympic Winter Games for the debut of Ski Cross and came 12th with an injured knee. As a result of her knee injuries, Murray retired from competitive sport in 2012. Personal Murray's parents were both members of Canadian national ski teams. Her father was Dave Murray one of the original Crazy Canucks who were famous on the downhill ski circuit in the 70s and 80s. Murray's mother was Stephanie Sloan a three time world champion in freestyle skiing. Sloan competed in all three disciplines of Moguls, Aerials, and Ski Ballet. When Murray was 22 months old, her father died from skin cancer. Murray started her own superfood cereal business, Jules Fuel Whistler Superfood, and is studying to become a Holistic Nutritionist. She started the Ski with An Olympian program with Whistler Blackcomb. In 2018, Murray married fellow Canadian freestyle skier Davey Barr. Career She began her young career with World Cup starts where she finished the 2008–09 World Cup tour 6th and ended up fourth in the 09-10 World Cup. Murray was a member of the Canadian Olympic team that took place in Vancouver near her hometown of Whistler. One week before Winter X Games XIV Julia Murray suffered a grade 1 tear of her medial collateral ligament and a tear of her medial meniscus during training. This caused her to miss the X Games although she did attend and watched as national teammates Ashleigh McIvor and Kelsey Serwa finished second and third. It was unknown whether or not she would attend the Olympics as a result of the injury. On Tuesday February 2, 2010 Murray underwent arthroscopic surgery and stated that she believed that she will recover in time to race in the ski cross events at the Olympics. At the Olympics Murray qualified for the quarter-finals, however she was skiing in obvious discomfort and failed to qualify for the semi-finals. After the race she told CTV \"My knee did things I did not think it could do, and it hurt quite a bit\". Over the course of the next season Murray still struggled with her injured knee. She did achieve success in spite of this when she won the silver medal at the 2011 World Championships, finishing second behind teammate Serwa. However a second knee injury put her out for the year and from the 2011–12 season. Murray took the time off to properly recuperate and spend some time on her education, she was worried that she had rushed back to early on the last injury, thus she wanted to be one hundred percent sure she was ready when she returned from her second injury. Due to the injuries suffered during her young career, Murray decided to retire in June 2012", "title": "Julia Murray" }, { "docid": "32421534", "text": "The 2012 Brisbane International was a joint 2012 ATP World Tour and 2012 WTA Tour tennis tournament, played on outdoor hard courts in Brisbane, Queensland. Because of its ongoing success, the WTA decided in 2011 to upgrade the event to a Premier event. It was the 4th edition of the tournament and took place at the Queensland Tennis Centre in Tennyson. It was held from 1 to 8 January 2012 and was part of the Australian Open Series in preparation for the first Grand Slam of the year. Andy Murray and Kaia Kanepi won the singles titles. ATP singles main-draw entrants Seeds 1 Rankings as of 26 December 2011 Other entrants The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw: James Duckworth Marinko Matosevic Ben Mitchell The following players received entry from the qualifying draw: Jesse Levine Igor Andreev Tatsuma Ito John Millman Withdrawals Kevin Anderson (knee injury) James Blake (personal reasons) Tommy Haas (calf injury) Donald Young (personal reasons) Retirements Florian Mayer (groin injury) ATP doubles main-draw entrants Seeds 1 Rankings are as of 26 December 2011 Other entrants The following pairs received wildcards into the doubles main draw: Matthew Ebden / Chris Guccione Greg Jones / Marinko Matosevic Withdrawals Tommy Haas (calf injury) WTA singles main-draw entrants Seeds 1 Rankings as of 26 December 2011 Other entrants The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw: Casey Dellacqua Olivia Rogowska The following players received entry from the qualifying draw: Vania King Nina Bratchikova Vera Dushevina Alexandra Panova Withdrawals Maria Sharapova (ankle injury) Retirements Kim Clijsters (left hip injury) Polona Hercog (low back injury) Ksenia Pervak (migraine) Serena Williams (left ankle sprain) WTA doubles main-draw entrants Seeds 1 Rankings are as of 26 December 2011 Other entrants The following pairs received wildcards into the doubles main draw: Ashleigh Barty / Casey Dellacqua Dominika Cibulková / Janette Husárová Jelena Janković / Andrea Petkovic The following pair received entry as alternates: Nina Bratchikova / Kristina Mladenovic Withdrawals Polona Hercog (low back injury) Finals Men's singles Andy Murray defeated Alexandr Dolgopolov, 6–1, 6–3 It was Murray's 1st title of the year and 22nd of his career. Women's singles Kaia Kanepi defeated Daniela Hantuchová, 6–2, 6–1 It was Kanepi's 1st title of the year and the 2nd of her career. Men's doubles Max Mirnyi / Daniel Nestor defeated Jürgen Melzer / Philipp Petzschner, 6–1, 6–2 Women's doubles Nuria Llagostera Vives / Arantxa Parra Santonja defeated Raquel Kops-Jones / Abigail Spears, 7–6(7–2), 7–6(7–2) Broadcast The 2012 Brisbane International was, for the first time, broadcast live and in full to most states in Australia on digital channel 7Two. In previous years, the event was broadcast only on certain days and often on significant delay on Channel Seven. References External links Official website 2012 ATP World Tour 2012 WTA Tour 2012 2012 in Australian tennis January 2012 sports events in Australia fr:Open de Brisbane 2012 (ATP) nl:ATP-toernooi van Brisbane 2012", "title": "2012 Brisbane International" }, { "docid": "23653672", "text": "The 2009 Valencia Open 500 was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 15th edition of the Open de Tenis Comunidad Valenciana, and was part of the 500 Series of the 2009 ATP Tour. It was held at the Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències in Valencia, Spain, from 2 November until 8 November 2009. First-seeded Andy Murray won the singles title. Players Seeds Seeds are based on the rankings of October 26, 2009 and subject to change Other entrants The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw: Daniel Gimeno-Traver Marcel Granollers Óscar Hernández The following players received entry from the qualifying draw: Roberto Bautista-Agut Alejandro Falla Alberto Martín Christophe Rochus Finals Singles Andy Murray defeated Mikhail Youzhny, 6–3, 6–2 It was Murray's 6th title of the year and 14th of his career. Doubles František Čermák / Michal Mertiňák defeated Marcel Granollers / Tommy Robredo, 6–4, 6–3 References External links Official website 2009 ATP World Tour VAl November 2009 sports events in Europe 2009", "title": "2009 Valencia Open 500" }, { "docid": "2779379", "text": "Henry Wilfred \"Bunny\" Austin (26 August 1906 – 26 August 2000) was an English tennis player. For 74 years he was the last Briton to reach the final of the men's singles at Wimbledon, until Andy Murray did so in 2012. He was also a finalist at the 1937 French Championships and a championship winner at Queen's Club. Along with Fred Perry, he was a vital part of the British team that won the Davis Cup in three consecutive years (1933–35). He is also remembered as the first tennis player to wear shorts. Early life and education The son of stockjobber Wilfred Austin and his wife Kate, Austin was brought up in South Norwood, London. Austin concluded that the nickname \"Bunny\", bestowed on him by school friends, came from the Daily Mirror comic strip Pip, Squeak and Wilfred (Wilfred was a rabbit, or bunny). Encouraged by his father, who was determined that he become a sportsman, he joined Norhurst Tennis Club aged six. Austin was educated at Repton School, and studied history at Pembroke College, Cambridge. Tennis career While still an undergraduate at Cambridge University, he reached the semi-finals of the men's doubles at Wimbledon in 1926. In 1931, A. Wallis Myers of The Daily Telegraph ranked Austin as the World No. 2. In his first Wimbledon men's singles final in 1932, he was beaten by Ellsworth Vines of the United States in three sets. In 1932 he decided that the traditional tennis attire, cricket flannels, weighed him down too much. He bought a pair of shorts to use at Forest Hills and subsequently became the first player to wear them at Wimbledon. Austin reached the quarter finals or better at Wimbledon 10 times. At Wimbledon 1932 Austin beat Frank Shields and Jiro Satoh before losing the final in straight sets to Ellsworth Vines. At the French championships in 1937, Austin beat Yvon Petra before losing to Henner Henkel in the final. At Wimbledon 1938 Austin beat Henkel but won just four games in the final against Don Budge, who was at the peak of his form and went on to win the Grand Slam. He would be the last British man to reach the final of Wimbledon until Andy Murray in 2012. At Wimbledon 1939 Austin was top seed, but lost early. It was his last appearance at Wimbledon. In the years 1933–1936 he and Fred Perry helped to win the Davis Cup for Britain. Austin also popularized modern tennis racquet design by using and endorsing the 'Streamline' – a racquet invented by F.W. (Frank Wordsworth) Donisthorpe (patented in Great Britain in 1934) with a shaft that splits into three segments – allowing for aerodynamic movement. The design was manufactured by Hazells and at the time was mocked in the press for looking like a snow shoe. After Austin's retirement, the design was virtually forgotten until the reintroduction of the split shaft in the late 1960s. Personal He married actress Phyllis Konstam in 1931, after meeting her in 1929", "title": "Bunny Austin" }, { "docid": "21546546", "text": "The 2006 SAP Open was a men's tennis tournament held at the HP Pavilion in San Jose, United States that was part of the International Series of the 2006 ATP Tour. It was the 118th edition of the tournament and was held from February 13 through February 19, 2006. Unseeded Andy Murray won the single title. Finals Singles Andy Murray defeated Lleyton Hewitt 2–6, 6–1, 7–6(7–3) It was Murray's only singles title of the year and the 1st of his career. Doubles Jonas Björkman / John McEnroe defeated Paul Goldstein / Jim Thomas 7–6(7–2), 4–6, [10–7] References External links 2006 SAP Open tournament draws (Singles / Doubles) 2006 ATP Tour 2006 in sports in California 2006 in American tennis February 2006 sports events in the United States", "title": "2006 SAP Open" }, { "docid": "12112814", "text": "The 2008 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 128th edition of the US Open, and the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year. It took place at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows, New York City, United States, from August 25 through September 8, 2008. The men's defending champion, Roger Federer, won the US Open for a fifth consecutive time. Justine Henin, the women's defending champion, did not return to defend her title due to her retirement from tennis, for personal reasons, earlier in the year. Serena Williams was the champion on the women's side, winning her third US Open title; she had last won the event in 2002. Federer and Williams's opponents, Andy Murray and Jelena Janković, were making their débuts in Grand Slam finals. World number ones Rafael Nadal and Ana Ivanovic went out in the semifinal and second round, respectively. This was Nadal's best ever result at the US Open; for Ivanovic, it was her second early exit at a Grand Slam since her win at the 2008 French Open. The home nation had success; Serena Williams was the first American to win a singles title since Andy Roddick in 2003. Twin brothers Bob and Mike Bryan won their second US Open title, and Liezel Huber (who became an American citizen in 2007) won the women's doubles with Zimbabwean Cara Black. Preparations The International Tennis Federation and United States Tennis Association offered audiences a number of new ways to access the Open in 2008. A YouTube channel was set up to broadcast highlights, and the official US Open website featured hourly updates of what was happening at the tournament. Multiple matches could be accessed at any one time, on handheld video devices courtesy of American Express. In celebration of the 40th anniversary since the US National Championships became \"open\" to professionals, a special opening ceremony was held, showcasing all the singles champions of the previous 40 years, with over two dozen of them in attendance. The ceremony was hosted by actor Forest Whitaker and included musical performances from funk band Earth, Wind & Fire. In addition to this, fans were shown nightly video tributes, and a commemorative book was published. On August 23, the annual Arthur Ashe Kids Day was held; Roger Federer, Andy Roddick, James Blake, Novak Djokovic, Ana Ivanovic, and Serena Williams led the player participation. Musical acts including the Jonas Brothers and Sean Kingston performed on this day as well. Men's and women's singles players Day-by-day summaries Day by day summaries of the men's and women's singles events, with men's, women's, and mixed doubles exits also listed. Both the men's and women's singles draw are composed of 128 players, with 32 of these players seeded. Day 1 Seeds progressing on the first day of play included David Ferrer, Andy Murray, David Nalbandian, Stanislas Wawrinka, Gilles Simon, Philipp Kohlschreiber, and Gaël Monfils. Recent Olympic gold medalist, and new World No.", "title": "2008 US Open (tennis)" }, { "docid": "29030085", "text": "The 2010 Shanghai Rolex Masters was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the second edition of the Shanghai ATP Masters 1000, classified as an ATP World Tour Masters 1000 event on the 2010 ATP World Tour. It took place at Qizhong Forest Sports City Arena in Shanghai, China. This edition was held from October 9 to October 17, 2010. Fourth-seeded Andy Murray won the singles title. Entrants Seeds Rankings are as of October 4, 2010. Other entrants The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw: Wu Di Bai Yan Yang Tsung-hua Zhang Ze The following players received entry from the qualifying draw: Kevin Anderson Benjamin Becker Jérémy Chardy Marsel İlhan Łukasz Kubot Florent Serra Mischa Zverev The following players received entry as a Lucky loser into the singles main draw: Daniel Gimeno Traver Finals Singles Andy Murray defeated Roger Federer, 6–3, 6–2. It was Murray's 2nd title of the year and 16th of his career. It was his 6th Masters 1000 title of his career. Doubles Jürgen Melzer / Leander Paes defeated Mariusz Fyrstenberg / Marcin Matkowski, 7–5, 4–6, [10–5]. References External links Official website Shanghai Rolex Masters Shanghai Masters (tennis) Shanghai Rolex Masters Shanghai Rolex Masters", "title": "2010 Shanghai Rolex Masters" }, { "docid": "3746685", "text": "Deryck Lance Murray (born 20 May 1943) is a former West Indies cricketer. A wicketkeeper and right-handed batsman, Murray kept wicket to the West Indian fast bowling attacks of the 1970s (including Andy Roberts, Michael Holding, Joel Garner and Colin Croft); his glovework effected 189 Test dismissals and greatly enhanced the potency of the bowling attack. Murray captained Trinidad and Tobago 1976–1981, and was vice-captain of the sides which won the 1975 World Cup and the 1979 World Cup. He deputised for Clive Lloyd as West Indies captain in one Test match in 1979. Early and personal life Murray was born in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago, and educated at Queen's Royal College; he first played for Trinidad and Tobago national cricket team while still at school. He went on to study at the University of Nottingham and Jesus College, Cambridge, earning his Cambridge blue and captaining Cambridge University Cricket Club in 1966. Murray married Maureen in 1967; he has two sons and a grandson. Cricket career In his career, Murray played as a wicketkeeper for the national Trinidad and Tobago team as well as playing 62 Tests for the West Indies. He was first selected for the West Indies as a 20-year-old, under the captaincy of Frank Worrell; in his maiden series in 1963 he effected a record 24 dismissals. Though he never scored a Test century, Murray's right-handed batting in the middle order could be effective. During his highest Test score of 91, against India in 1975, he shared a partnership worth 250 runs with Clive Lloyd (who scored 242 not out). Probably Murray's most famous performance came in a match in the 1975 Cricket World Cup against Pakistan when he inspired the West Indies to an unlikely and important one-wicket victory with his highest one-day international score of 61 not out, sharing in an unbroken last-wicket stand of 64 with Andy Roberts. The West Indies went onto win the final, Murray clinching victory with the run out of Jeff Thomson. Murray also played in the West Indies victory in the final of the second world cup in 1979. Murray captained the West Indies in one Test against Australia in 1979, and in two one-day internationals. Murray played in the English County Championship for Nottinghamshire and Warwickshire. Later career Murray served as a diplomat in the Foreign Service of Trinidad and Tobago 1978–1989, becoming a representative to the United Nations in New York, where he served as Vice-Chairman of the Fifth Committee and Chairman of the Committee for Programme & Coordination. He also worked in the financial services industry. Murray officiated as match referee for three One Day Internationals in 1992. He has also served as President of the Trinidad and Tobago Cricket Board. Murray is also Chairman of the Trinidad and Tobago Transparency Institute, the local branch of the anti-corruption organisation Transparency International. In September 2019 he was appointed Trinidad and Tobago's High Commissioner to Jamaica. References External links WICB profile (archived 2007) 1943 births Living", "title": "Deryck Murray" }, { "docid": "20908342", "text": "This page covers all the important events in the sport of tennis in 2009. Primarily, it provides the results of notable tournaments throughout the year on both the ATP and WTA Tours, the Davis Cup, and the Fed Cup. Changes The structure of both the WTA and ATP tours has been changed for 2009. On the men's side, Masters Series events have been replaced by Masters 1000 tournaments, while the International Series Gold and International Series tournaments are now 500 Series and 250 Series events respectively. The season-ending ATP World Tour Finals remains unchanged. On the women's tour, the tiered system which has existed since 1988 has been scrapped in favour of a structure closer to the men's circuit. Tier I and Tier II have been merged form WTA Premier Tournaments. The Tier III and Tier IV have also been merged into International Tournaments. The WTA Tour Championships remains in the schedule but the WTA have also initiated a second season-ending tournament, the Commonwealth Bank Tour of Champions for eight players who did not qualify for the Tour Championships (usually below the top eight in the rankings). News January See: 2009 ATP World Tour, 2009 WTA Tour 1 January: The season begins a few days earlier than usual with the newly formed Capitala World Tennis Championship in Abu Dhabi. The draw features Roger Federer, Rafael Nadal, James Blake, Nikolay Davydenko, Andy Murray and Andy Roddick. 4 January: The first official event of the season, the new Brisbane International joint event commences in Australia. 5 January: Two male events begin in Chennai and Doha, while a women's tournament in Auckland also starts. February 1 February: Rafael Nadal defeats Roger Federer in five sets to win the Australian Open. March Rafael Nadal and Andy Murray win the BNP Paribas Open and the Sony Ericsson Open respectively April Rafael Nadal wins the Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters, Barcelona Open Banco Sabadell, and the Internazionali BNL d'Italia May 17 May: Roger Federer overturns a 5 match losing streak to Rafael Nadal by defeating him in straight sets to win the Mutua Madrileña Madrid Open which ended his title drought June 7 June: Roger Federer ties Pete Sampras's all-time record with the most grand slam singles titles (14) by defeating Robin Söderling in the final to win his first Roland Garros title July 5 July: Roger Federer defeats Andy Roddick 5–7, 7-6(8), 7-6(5), 3–6, 16–14 to win his 6th Wimbledon title and record 15th Grand Slam singles title August 13 August: The top 8 seeds ( Roger Federer, Rafael Nadal, Andy Murray, Novak Djokovic, Andy Roddick, Juan Martín del Potro, Jo-Wilfried Tsonga, Nikolay Davydenko) advance to the quarterfinals of the Rogers Cup, making it the first time in tennis history that the top 8 players in the ATP ranking system made it to the quarterfinals of the same tournament. Jo-Wilfried Tsonga turned around a 1–5 deficit in the third set of the quarterfinals against Roger Federer to win the match before losing to eventual champion Andy Murray", "title": "2009 in tennis" }, { "docid": "20823568", "text": "The BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award is the main award of the BBC Sports Personality of the Year ceremony, which takes place each December. The winner is the sportsperson, judged by a public vote, to have achieved the most that year. The recipient must either be British or reside and play a significant amount of their sport in the United Kingdom. The winner is selected from a pre-determined shortlist. The most recent award-winner is footballer Mary Earps, who won the 2023 award. History Sports Personality of the Year was created by Paul Fox, who thought of the idea while he was editor of the magazine show Sportsview. The first award ceremony took place in 1954 as part of Sportsview, and was presented by Peter Dimmock. For the first show, votes were sent by postcard, and rules presented in a Radio Times article stipulated that nominations were restricted to athletes who had featured on the Sportsview programme since April. Approximately 14,500 votes were cast, and Christopher Chataway beat Roger Bannister to win the inaugural BBC Sportsview's Personality of the Year Award. Nomination procedure The shortlist is announced a few weeks before the award ceremony, and the winner is determined on the night by a public telephone and on-line vote. Prior to 2012, a panel of 30 sports journalists each submitted a list of 10 contenders. From these contenders a shortlist of ten nominees was determined. This method was criticized following the selection of an all-male shortlist in 2011. The selection process for contenders was changed for the 2012 and subsequent awards by the introduction of an expert panel. The panel produces a shortlist that reflects UK sporting achievements on the national and/or international stage, represents the breadth and depth of UK sports and takes into account 'impact' within and beyond the sport or sporting achievement in question. Winners Five people have won the award more than once: tennis player Andy Murray is the only person to have won three times and the only person to have won in consecutive years (in addition to the Young Sports Personality and Team awards), while boxer Henry Cooper and Formula One drivers Nigel Mansell, Lewis Hamilton and Damon Hill have each won twice. Hamilton also holds the record for the highest number of top three placements with six. Eight people have twice finished second without ever winning, including Bobby Charlton and Sally Gunnell (Gunnell also finished third once). Jessica Ennis-Hill holds the record for most top three placements without a win; having finished second once and third three times. Both Charlton (2008) and Ennis-Hill (2017), received the BBC Sports Personality of the Year Lifetime Achievement Award. Princess Anne (1971) and her daughter Zara Phillips (2006) are the only award-winners to be members of the same family. The oldest recipient of the award is Dai Rees, who won in 1957 aged 44. Ian Black, who won the following year, aged 17, is the youngest winner. Torvill and Dean, who won in 1984, are the", "title": "BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award" }, { "docid": "20208462", "text": "The 2009 ATP World Tour Finals (also known as the 2009 Barclays ATP World Tour Finals for sponsorship reasons) was held in London, United Kingdom between 22 November and 29 November 2009. It was the first time the O2 arena hosted the ATP World Tour Year-End Singles and Doubles Championships. The event was renamed from Tennis Masters Cup to ATP World Tour Finals following the rearrangement of the ATP Tour. Finals Singles Nikolay Davydenko defeated Juan Martín del Potro, 6–3, 6–4 It was Davydenko's 5th title of the year and 19th of his career. Doubles Bob Bryan / Mike Bryan defeated Max Mirnyi / Andy Ram, 7–6(7–5), 6–3 Qualification Spots were awarded to the top seven players highest ranked single players in the world ranking and the top seven doubles teams in the 2009 ATP Doubles Race, with one spot reserved for Grand Slam champions who finish outside of the top 8, but within the Top 20 players or teams. As this did not happen, the final spot went to the next player or team in the top 8. Two additional players and teams were also in London as alternates in case of withdrawals. Singles qualification On 19 May 2009 after reaching his 7th final of the year at the 2009 Mutua Madrileña Madrid Open, 2009 Australian Open champion Rafael Nadal of Spain was announced as the first qualifier. Rafael Nadal began the year by winning his first Grand Slam on hardcourt at the Australian Open, defeating Roger Federer in the final 7–5, 3–6, 7–6, 3–6, 6–2, just after defeating Fernando Verdasco in a tournament record 5 hours 14 minutes battle in five sets. Following his Australian Open triumph he reached the final of the ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament losing to Andy Murray. He then revenged his loss by defeating Murray in the final of BNP Paribas Open. He then won three straight titles at the Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters, the Internazionali BNL d'Italia and at the Barcelona Open Banco Sabadell. He then lost in his fourth straight final in the Mutua Madrileña Madrid Open to Federer. He was the four-time defending champion at Roland Garros and had a 31-match winning streak in Paris, broken with a surprise fourth round loss to No. 23-seeded Robin Söderling. He then missed Wimbledon becoming the first player since Ivanišević to not defend his title, and lost his no. 1 ranking to Federer. He then returned at the Rogers Masters but he did not reach a final until the Shanghai ATP Masters 1000 losing to Nikolay Davydenko. He also reached the semifinals of the US Open and the Western & Southern Financial Group Masters. Nadal has a 4–4 record at the championship and reached the semifinals in 2006 and 2007. This is his 3rd appearance On 5 July – after the 2009 Wimbledon Championships – Roger Federer of Switzerland who won his 15th Slam at the tournament over Andy Roddick was announced as the second qualifier. Roger Federer began the year with a loss", "title": "2009 ATP World Tour Finals" }, { "docid": "75567911", "text": "Serbian tennis player Novak Djokovic's main accomplishments as a junior player came in the U14 circuit of the ETA Junior Tour, where, at the U14 European championship in 2001, he won both the singles tournament over Lukáš Lacko and the doubles with compatriot Bojan Božović. Djokovic also led the Serbian team to victory in the European Summer Cup, thus ending the year as a European champion in singles, doubles and in team competition, while also winning the silver medal at the ITF World Junior Championship in a team competition for Yugoslavia. Djokovic ended 2001 at the top of the ETA rankings for U14s, one place ahead of future rival Andy Murray at No. 2. He was also briefly the No. 1-ranked U16 player in 2003. On the ITF Junior Circuit, Djokovic compiled a singles win-loss record of 56–12 (and 23–6 in doubles), reaching a combined junior world ranking of No. 24 in February 2004. At the junior Grand Slam events, his best showing was at the Australian Open where he reached the semi-finals in 2004. He also played at the French Open and US Open junior events in 2003. Djokovic also won two ITF junior singles tournaments in his career, both in 2002. First steps In September 2000, the 13-year-old Djokovic felt he was ready to take further steps a little faster than his contemporaries, so he decided to try a tournament in the ITF Junior Circuit, a worldwide U18 competition. The tournament was played at just twenty kilometers away from his home in Belgrade, in the small town of Pančevo, and he entered as a lucky loser before being eliminated in the first round by seventh seed Gligorce Sanev. Following this experience, his then coach Nikola Pilić convinced Djokovic that he should not try to \"participate in some tournaments too early\" under the risk of \"getting lost\". And in fact, Djokovic did not play in any other ITF tournament until 2002, as he instead opted to play in ETA youth tournaments, played throughout Europe. ETA Junior Tour U14 circuit In 2001, Djokovic dominated the U14 circuit in the ETA Junior Tour, currently known as the Tennis Europe Junior Tour. At first, however, he had a poor start to the season, being eliminated from the prestigious Les Petits As tournament in the quarterfinals by the eventual runner-up and future rival Andy Murray (6–0, 6–1), and then losing all of his singles matches in the European Winter Cup, including his rubber against the eventual champions Great Britain, in which he again lost in straight sets to Murray. Djokovic returned to form in April, in Italy, where he won his first ETA title in a second category tournament in Messina, defeating his compatriot Bojan Božović in the final, and also reached the final of a first category tournament in Arezzo, which he lost to Mischa Zverev. Djokovic then won his second ETA title of the season in Livorno after beating the No. 1 seed Murray in the semi-finals, and the No. 2", "title": "Novak Djokovic junior years" }, { "docid": "8132220", "text": "The Aberdeen Cup was an annual exhibition tennis tournament held between national teams representing England and Scotland. It was hosted in the Aberdeen Exhibition Centre in Aberdeen, Scotland. The tournament was held in 2005 and 2006, but there has been no indication that the tournament will be played again. History The involvement of Andy Murray, who rose into the top 100 in the ATP rankings in 2005, was largely the source of public interest in the competition. The inaugural tournament, held in that year, was won by Scotland. This event was the only time that Murray played Greg Rusedski; they never met on the ATP tour. This was the first time that Andy and his brother Jamie Murray played doubles as seniors. The following year, Scotland successfully defended their title amidst criticism from Murray regarding the court surface and the ticket prices, as well as low attendance rates compared to the previous year, and the perceived lack of quality English players for future events. The 2005 tournament was broadcast live on Sky Sports, but in 2006, only highlights were shown on Sky Sports. Format The Scotland team was captained by Andy Murray, with Greg Rusedski leading the England side. The tournament was held in a similar form to a Davis Cup match. There were rubbers in both singles and doubles play. Unlike the Davis Cup, there were also male and female junior players taking part, with each of their rubbers worth half that of a senior rubber, and one ladies player on each team. Furthermore, with the exception of the 'headline' matches, between the two team captains, senior matches were only two sets long, with a 1–1 tie settled by tie-break. The junior matches were played over four games (see: Tennis score). Results 2005 Saturday 26 November Sunday 27 November 2006 Saturday 25 November Sunday 26 November References External links Tennis tournaments in Scotland Sports competitions in Aberdeen Recurring sporting events established in 2005 Recurring events disestablished in 2006 2005 in Scottish sport 2006 in Scottish sport", "title": "Aberdeen Cup" }, { "docid": "20710336", "text": "The 2009 ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 37th edition of the event known as the ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament, and is part of the ATP World Tour 500 series of the 2009 ATP World Tour. It took place at the Rotterdam Ahoy indoor sporting arena in Rotterdam, Netherlands, from 9 February through 15 February 2009. Second-seeded Andy Murray won the singles final beating first-seeded Rafael Nadal in the final. Players The list of original seeded players was headlined by world number 1 Rafael Nadal, Andy Murray and Nikolay Davydenko. Also lined up are Gilles Simon, Gaël Monfils, David Ferrer, Jo-Wilfried Tsonga and Robin Söderling. Robin Söderling was forced to withdraw from the tournament on the second day, before he was due to face Russia's Evgeny Korolev on day three. He was replaced by Frenchman Marc Gicquel who entered the tournament as a lucky loser. Finals Singles Andy Murray defeated Rafael Nadal 6–3, 4–6, 6–0 It was Murray's second title of the year and 10th of his career. Doubles Daniel Nestor / Nenad Zimonjić defeated Lukáš Dlouhý / Leander Paes 6–2, 7–5 Seeds Robin Söderling was the eighth seed, but had to withdraw. Rankings as of February 9, 2009. Other entrants The following players received wildcards into the main draw: Grigor Dimitrov Jesse Huta Galung Thiemo de Bakker The following players received entry from the qualifying draw: Arnaud Clément Stéphane Bohli Laurent Recouderc Evgeny Korolev Marc Gicquel (as a lucky loser) Events Singles In the first ATP World 500 Series tournament of the year, all the seeded players reached the second round. World number 1 Rafael Nadal needed three sets to beat Simone Bolelli and David Ferrer equally took three sets to advance against Jürgen Melzer. Thiemo de Bakker, who was ranked at #242 in the world rankings and one of only two Dutchmen in the competition, lost his first round tie against Andreas Seppi. The other home player, Jesse Huta Galung, gave seventh seed Jo Wilfried Tsonga a real game but lost out on two tie-breaks. Andy Murray beat former top three player Ivan Ljubičić while Gaël Monfils took the first set against Swiss player Stéphane Bohli before his opponent had to retire injured. Seeds began to fall in the second round: Nikolay Davydenko, Gilles Simon and David Ferrer exited the competition with defeats to Julien Benneteau, Mario Ančić and Mikhail Youzhny respectively. Nadal overcame the loss of the second set against the 2008 junior champion Grigor Dimitrov to win 7–5, 3–6, 6–2. Murray defeated Seppi 7–6, 7–6 and Monfils beat fellow Frenchman Michaël Llodra. The quarter-final line-up was completed by Marc Gicquel (who had the opportunity to play after Soderling's withdrawal) and Tsonga who defeated Dmitry Tursunov. In the quarter-finals Rafael Nadal beat Frenchman Tsonga 6–4, 7–6, 6–4 to set up a match with Monfils in the semi-finals, who beat Julien Benneteau 7–6, 6–1. Mario Ančić continued his good form from the Zagreb tournament the", "title": "2009 ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament" }, { "docid": "7198710", "text": "This page covers all the important events in the sport of tennis in 2007. Primarily, it provides the results of notable tournaments throughout the year on both the ATP and WTA Tours, the Davis Cup, and the Fed Cup. News January See: 2007 ATP Tour, 2007 WTA Tour 1 – In the Next Generation Adelaide International for the first time in history besides the Tennis Masters Cup a round-robin competition is in use to replace the normally used 32 player brackets. The new system will be used in several other tournaments throughout the season. tennis.com 2 – Lleyton Hewitt wins his first match in three months. Hewitt did not play any competitive matches after the 2006 Davis Cup loss versus Argentina. He was leading 6–1, 4–2 when his opponent Janko Tipsarević retired with a leg injury. Kristian Pless defeats David Nalbandian in a first round surprise in Chennai. bbc.co.uk yahoo.com 3 – Mark Philippoussis is forced to retire after hyperextending his knee during his second match at the 2007 Hopman Cup versus Jérôme Haehnel. An MRI showed that he had torn cartilage in his knee, forcing him to miss the 2007 Australian Open. yahoo.com 4 – Women world #1 Justine Henin announces her withdrawal from 2007 Australian Open for personal reasons, which appear to be the breakup of her marriage. espn.com 5 – Nadia Petrova and Dmitry Tursunov capture the 2007 Hopman Cup for Russia by beating Spain's Anabel Medina Garrigues and Tommy Robredo in the final. yahoo.com 6 – In the 2007 ATP Tour, Ivan Ljubičić beat Andy Murray in the final of Qatar ExxonMobil Open. In the 2007 WTA Tour the first wins go to Dinara Safina (Mondial Australian Women's Hardcourts) and Jelena Janković (ASB Classic) who beat Martina Hingis and Vera Zvonareva in the finals, respectively. bbc.co.uk, abc.net, nbc10.com 7 – In 2007 ATP Tour finals, Xavier Malisse (Chennai Open) and Novak Djokovic (Next Generation Adelaide International) were too strong for Stefan Koubek and Chris Guccione respectively. tennis-x.com, yahoo.com 9 – Rafael Nadal withdraws in his first round match in Sydney which he played against Chris Guccione. Nadal did not take any risk for the upcoming Australian Open. smh.com.au 10 – Also Nikolay Davydenko withdraws in Sydney to increase his chances of participation in Melbourne at the Australian Open. Davydenko withdrew after Paul-Henri Mathieu won the first set 6–4. Venus Williams announces her withdrawal for the Australian Open due to a wrist injury. mosnews.com, usatoday.com 12 – Kim Clijsters wins the Medibank International being the first to beat Jelena Janković in 2007, 4–6, 7–6, 6–4 in the final. Anna Chakvetadze defeats fellow Russian Vasilisa Bardina in the Moorilla Hobart International final. abc.net.au, msn.com 13 – Andy Roddick is the first to beat world number one Roger Federer in 2007 as he wins the AAMI Kooyong Classic 6–2, 3–6, 6–3. It was Roddick's second win over Federer in his career, the last one being August 2003; however, it does not rank as an official victory. In the men's", "title": "2007 in tennis" }, { "docid": "14964223", "text": "This page covers all the important events in the sport of tennis in 2008. Primarily, it provides the results of notable tournaments throughout the year on both the ATP and WTA Tours, the Davis Cup, the Fed Cup, and the Olympics. News January See: 2008 ATP Tour, 2008 WTA Tour 1 – World No. 3 Jelena Janković was forced to withdraw from her Hopman Cup tie against Tatiana Golovin, putting a question mark over whether she will be fit enough to play the Australian Open. 2 – Lindsay Davenport survived a second set scare to edge past Anabel Medina Garrigues, while Xavier Malisse and Mikhail Youzhny both won in the men's event in Chennai. 3 – Andy Murray, Nikolay Davydenko, Ivan Ljubičić and Stanislas Wawrinka all advanced into the Qatar Open semi-finals, while Rafael Nadal continued his run in Chennai. Over on the WTA, hometown wildcard Marina Erakovic stunned Vera Zvonareva in Auckland, while defending champion Dinara Safina wasted five match points to lose to Shahar Pe'er in Gold Coast. 4 – former world number one Martina Hingis was banned for two years when the verdict over her drugs case was reached. Hingis had dropped the bombshell in October that she had tested positive for cocaine, and retired immediately after. 5 – Li Na defeated Victoria Azarenka to win the Gold Coast, while three-time Grand Slam champion Lindsay Davenport won her third tournament since her comeback in Auckland. On the ATP, Michaël Llodra beat Jarkko Nieminen to win Adelaide, Andy Murray won the Qatar Open and Rafael Nadal beat Carlos Moyà to reach the Chennai final. United States team Serena Williams and Mardy Fish defeated Serbia to win the 2008 Hopman Cup. Finally, Venus Williams beat Maria Sharapova 6–4, 6–3 to win the JB Group Classic, an exhibition tournament, in Hong Kong. 6 – World No. 2 Rafael Nadal was thrashed 6–0, 6–1 by Mikhail Youzhny in the Chennai Open final. Amélie Mauresmo announced her withdrawal from the following week's Medibank International tournament. Three time French Open champion Gustavo Kuerten announced that he expected 2008 to be his final year of play. 7 – Roger Federer withdrew from exhibition event the AAMI Kooyong Classic due to illness, while at the joint tournament in Sydney, Anna Chakvetadze, Elena Dementieva and defending men's champion James Blake all suffered shock defeats. Jelena Dokić won her first WTA main draw match in two years by defeating Martina Müller at Hobart. 8 – The ITF, ATP, WTA and organisers of all four slams announced that they would come together and review their anti-corruption policies, in light of recent events. Former British police officers, Jeffrey Rees and Ben Gunn, who have helped stamp out corruption in cricket and horse racing, have been hired. 9 – Lleyton Hewitt suffered another blow in his preparations for the 2008 Australian Open, making a second early exit in as many weeks; this time in Sydney. Nicole Vaidišová earned a shock victory over third seeded Jelena Janković on the women's side.", "title": "2008 in tennis" }, { "docid": "20914852", "text": "The 2009 Capitala World Tennis Championship was a non-ATP affiliated exhibition tournament. It was the first edition of the event held in Abu Dhabi, from January 1 through January 3, 2009 and. Six of the world's top ten were competing in the knockout event, which had prize money of $250,000 to the winner. The event was held at the Abu Dhabi International Tennis Complex at the Zayed Sports City in Abu Dhabi. It served as a warm-up event for the season, with the ATP World Tour beginning on January 5, 2009. Rafael Nadal (world number 1) and Roger Federer (number 2) received byes to the semi-final. Review Day one Andy Roddick and Nikolay Davydenko started the tournament on January 1. Davydenko won the match in straight sets 6–4, 6–4. Roddick won his first service game with three straight aces but was broken in his next service game and Davydenko held his serves to take the set. At 4–4 in the second he was again broken and Davydenko then held his serve to win the match and set up a match with Nadal. Later in the day Andy Murray beat James Blake 6–2, 6–2 in a match lasting less than one hour. Murray broke Blake twice in each set to win the match. He broke Blake for the first time in the third game and then established a 5–2 lead with another break. He then took a 4–0 lead in the second set. Murray went through to face former world no. 1 Roger Federer in the semi-finals. Day two Day Two began with the first semi-final between Federer and Murray. Federer broke Murray early on to open up a 3–0 lead but Murray broke back to level the match at 3-3. With a tiebreak looming Federer broke for the set. Murray took the second 6–2 to level the match. In the final set, Murray continued his winning run of games, taking a 4–1 lead but, after missing an opportunity for 5–1, Federer won the next three games. The set went to a tiebreak which Murray edged 8–6 to reach the final and to beat Federer for the fifth time. In the second semi-final Davydenko faced Nadal. The Russian broke Nadal to love in the first game of the match but he won just one more game in the set as he lost it 6–2. The second set began just as the first, with a break for Davydenko but Nadal immediately broke back. In the sixth game, with Davydenko serving at 3-2 down, Nadal gained another break and which the Russian could not recover, with the Spaniard taking the set 6-3 for a 6–2, 6–3 victory. Nadal went through to the final to play Murray. Day three The final saw Nadal take on Murray. The first two games went with serve. But Murray broke Nadal in his next service game, after a third break point. Nadal, however, broke back in the eighth game. Murray then won the next two games to take", "title": "2009 Capitala World Tennis Championship" }, { "docid": "67974945", "text": "Aidan McHugh (born 9 July 2000) is a British professional tennis player. He has a career high ATP singles ranking of world No. 298 achieved on 28 February 2022. He also has a career high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 285 achieved on 3 October 2022. Career From Bearsden, he attended St Aloysius' College, Glasgow. He became a client of Andy Murray’s 77 Sports Management firm, where he is joined by fellow tennis players Paul Jubb, Harriet Dart, Katie Swan and Jack Pinnington Jones. His usual training facility is the Scotstoun Sports Campus in Glasgow and he is on the Lawn Tennis Association’s Pro Scholarship Programme. McHugh has been described as Murray’s protégé. He reached the semifinals of the 2018 Australian Open – Boys' singles where he defeated Ondrej Styler, Filip Jianu, Jaimee Floyd Angele and Rinky Hijikata before he lost to Tseng Chun-hsin in three sets. During the COVID-19 pandemic, he took part in the Battle Of The Brits Team Tennis at the National Tennis Centre in London, England. He helped Judy Murray to produce online exercise modules for players of all ages that also involved Andy Murray, Jamie Murray, and Colin Fleming amongst others. He received a wildcard on to the main draw of 2021 Nottingham Trophy – Men's singles where he defeated world number 105 Mikhail Kukushkin in straight sets for his first win on the ATP Challenger Tour. He received a wildcard for the main draw of the 2021 Wimbledon Championships men’s doubles alongside Alastair Gray, where he recorded his first Major win against Jiří Veselý and Roman Jebavý and a wildcard into the qualifying for the men’s singles. Personal life He is a fan of Celtic F.C. Career finals Singles: 14 (7–7) Doubles: 10 (3–7) References External links 2000 births Living people British male tennis players Sportspeople from Glasgow Scottish male tennis players", "title": "Aidan McHugh" } ]	[ "2016", "2015", "2013" ]
train_31312	who played the werewolf in the old movies	[ { "docid": "2173640", "text": "Herman Cohen (August 27, 1925 – June 2, 2002) was an American producer of B-movies during the 1950s, and helped to popularize the teen horror movie genre with films like the cult classic I Was a Teenage Werewolf. Career Born in Detroit, Michigan, Cohen began his career in show business as a gofer and later an usher at the Dexter Theater in Detroit, starting he was just 12. By 18, he was managing the Dexter. From there he went on to become assistant manager of the Fox Theatre (also in Detroit) — a theater featuring over 5,000 seats. After a tour of duty with the Marines, Cohen became sales manager for Columbia Pictures in the Detroit Area and moved to Hollywood to work for the publicity department of Columbia in the 1940s. In the 1950s he started producing films, first working as assistant (and later associate) producer for Jack Broder and Realart Pictures on such films as Bride of the Gorilla, Battles of Chief Pontiac (featuring Lon Chaney Jr.), Bela Lugosi Meets a Brooklyn Gorilla and Kid Monk Baroni (featuring a 21-year-old Leonard Nimoy as a street kid turned boxer). He later worked for Allied Artists and United Artists producing such films as Target Earth, Magnificent Roughnecks (with Mickey Rooney), and Crime of Passion (with Barbara Stanwyck and Raymond Burr). Cohen also wrote the stories and/or screenplays for at least nine films, co-writing with pal Aben Kandel and sometimes using one pseudonym between them – either \"Ralph Thornton\" or \"Kenneth Langtry\" (Kandel also wrote solo for Cohen on Kid Monk Baroni and, using the Thornton moniker, on Blood of Dracula). Cohen had greater success in the mid-50s though, with a horror film for American International — I Was a Teenage Werewolf, which he both wrote and produced. The film cost about $100,000 to make, but earned more than $2 million. He also discovered young Michael Landon, cast in the lead role for I Was a Teenage Werewolf. Cohen followed this success by writing and producing more teen horror films, such as I Was a Teenage Frankenstein, How to Make a Monster, and Blood of Dracula. In a 1991 interview with Tom Weaver, Cohen reflected, \"I have always felt that most teenagers think that adults – their parents, or their teacher, anyone who was older and who had authority – were culprits in their lives.\" Cohen also occasionally appeared in his own films, usually as an uncredited extra. He played the director in the projection room in How to Make a Monster, and can also be seen in I Was a Teenage Werewolf, Konga, Black Zoo, Crooks and Coronets, and Trog. In the 1960s and 1970s, he began producing horror films in the United Kingdom, working with such stars as Joan Crawford in Berserk! and Trog, and Jack Palance in Craze. In 1961, he returned to his roots in Detroit, purchasing the Fox Theater he had worked for in his youth. By the late 1970s, Cohen was working more in writing", "title": "Herman Cohen" }, { "docid": "13789823", "text": "The Witch's Dungeon Classic Movie Museum in Plainville, Connecticut, USA, is a collection of figures of classic movie monsters. The museum is owned by the Bristol-native Cortlandt Hull. Cortlandt is the great nephew of film actor Henry Hull. Josephine Hull, well known for her role in the classic film and stage play Arsenic and Old Lace, is also a relative. In 1966, Cortlandt's father helped him build the Swiss chalet-style building to house the museum. Cortlandt built life-size figures of classic movie monsters that were made of wax, fine wire mesh, papier-mache and polymers. The figures were later replaced with more accurate ones. The museum is open year round, weekend evenings. The new location for \"The Witch's Dungeon Classic Movie Museum\" is 103 East Main St in Plainville , CT 06062. The greatly expanded format allows for each figure to have its own backdrop and props. Additionally the museum features professional level lighting by Emmy award winning Bill Diamond. The heads of many of the figurines have been based on life-casts of the actual actors who portrayed them. Background sets and clothing are authentic to the era, with some costumes or props actually used in the original films. Characters represented in the museum are: Frankenstein's Monster (portrayed by Boris Karloff) Erik, The Phantom Of The Opera (portrayed by Lon Chaney Sr.) Zenobia, The Gypsy Witch (an original character voiced by June Foray) The Abominable Dr. Phibes (portrayed by Vincent Price) The Creature from the Black Lagoon (portrayed by Ricou Browning) Count Dracula (portrayed by Béla Lugosi) The Mole People Kharis, The Mummy (portrayed by Lon Chaney Jr.) Professor Henry Jarrod (scarred and unscarred versions), from House Of Wax (portrayed by Vincent Price) (one wears the original suit worn by Vincent Price in the film) The Fly (portrayed by David (Al) Hedison) Nosferatu, Count Orlok (portrayed by Max Schreck) The Masque of the Red Death, from The Phantom of the Opera (portrayed by Lon Chaney Sr.) Dr. Niemann (with Dracula's skeleton), from House of Frankenstein (portrayed by Boris Karloff) The Beast from La Belle et la Bête (portrayed by Jean Marais) Maleficent, from Disney's Sleeping Beauty Dr. Wilfred Glendon, The Werewolf of London (portrayed by Henry Hull) See also Universal Monsters References External links The Witch's Dungeon Classic Movie Museum (official website) Museums established in 1966 Museums in Hartford County, Connecticut Cinema museums in Connecticut", "title": "Witch's Dungeon Classic Movie Museum" } ]	[ { "docid": "30672517", "text": "Tales of the Night () is a 2011 French computer silhouette animation feature film directed by Michel Ocelot. It is a compilation movie for movie theaters of five episodes of Dragons et Princesses in stereoscopic 3D and one additional, until then unseen story, \"The Girl-Doe and the Architect's Son\" (\"La Fille-biche et le fils de l'architecte\"), for a total of six. It premièred in competition for the Golden Bear at the 61st Berlin International Film Festival on February 13, 2011 before its general release in France by StudioCanal on July 20. It has been licensed for the United States by GKIDS and for the United Kingdom by Soda Pictures, both for a general release in 2012, with its UK release date having now been announced as Friday, 6 April 2012. In Japan, it is the fourth feature directed by Ocelot in the Ghibli Museum Library, and was shown at the 2012 Tokyo International Anime Fair, and released in June 2012. Plot A girl, a boy and an old cinema technician tell stories every night in a small theater. Before each story, the boy and the girl decide, in accordance with the old technician, they will play the characters in the story they will interpret, they also choose a time and a country as well as costumes through documentation the technician brings them, and make clothing and accessories with a computer-controlled machine. They then perform the story on stage. The Werewolf The first story takes place in Medieval Europe. The story of two sisters who are in love with the same prince. The prince is betrothed to the older one, much to the sadness of the younger one who has loved him all her life. However, the prince reveals to his betrothed that he transforms into a werewolf during the full moon. She is not pleased, and tricks him into transforming in front of her, then steals the gold necklace that will make him turn back into a human. She throws the necklace in the well and tells the people that the prince was eaten by the wolf of the woods. The younger sister figures out what her sister has done, and exposes her cruel actions. Tijean and Beauty-Not-Knowing The second story takes place in the West Indies. While exploring a cave down so far beneath the ground, Tijean finds himself in the land of the dead. The shadow of an old man tells him how to defeat three monsters; a giant bee, a giant mongoose, and a giant iguana. He finds his way into the king's court, whose eldest daughter, Beauty-Not-Knowing, is to be married. Since Tijean overcame the three monsters without killing them, he is deemed unworthy to marry the princess and is sentenced to death via the \"big chopper\". The king gives him three impossible tasks while he is in the dungeon. Fortunately, Tijean is saved by the three animals whose lives he spared. The Chosen One and The City Of Gold The third story is set in", "title": "Tales of the Night (film)" }, { "docid": "35259527", "text": "The Wolf Gift is the thirty-first novel by Gothic writer Anne Rice, published in February 2012 by Random House. The novel tells the tale of Reuben Golding, a well to do journalist at the fictional San Francisco Observer who is attacked by and turned into a werewolf. He spends the duration of the story fleeing the authorities, the media, and DNA analysts. On April 5, 2012, Rice promoted the novel on The Colbert Report. The book debuted at number 6 on The New York Times Best Seller list for print and E-book fiction. and number 3 on the Hardcover Fiction list. Background The novel is set in Northern California, an area where Rice lived a large portion of her life. Several scenes of the novel take place in the Redwood Forest. Rice explained that The Wolf Gift was not her return to supernatural fiction, stating that the religiously themed novels, Christ the Lord: Out of Egypt and Christ the Lord: The Road to Cana revolved around mystical events as well. At the San-Diego Comic-Con, Rice spoke with MTV about The Wolf Gift: \"It's about a young man who becomes a werewolf. It's my take on what that experience is like for that young man, to experience that transformation and how it works in his life and how he copes with it.\" Reception Entertainment Weekly gave the book a letter grade of B minus, marking the most memorable scenes as those where the protagonist practiced and discovered his werewolf powers. This exploration was compared to that of Spider-Man. Gregory Cowles, writing for The New York Times said, \"[Anne Rice] once again mixes vaguely philosophical inquiries about good and evil with standard horror trappings. He furthered his review with an excerpt: \"His fingers, or were they claws, touched his teeth and they were fangs! He could feel them descending, feel his mouth lengthening!...His voice was guttural, roughened....His hands were thickly covered with hair!\" Cowles then compared the lycanthropic transformation to puberty. Cowles supported his comparison with a quote from Rice's Amazon.com review of the film The Company of Wolves: \"...a 1984 movie by Neil Jordan (who also directed the big-screen version of \"Interview\"). Werewolf films have for decades dealt with the emerging sexuality of adolescents. But this film outdoes them all...It’s in a class with films like Cocteau's Beauty and the Beast. It goes deep to the very core of what the werewolf myth has always been about.\" Characters Reuben Golding – protagonist Father Jim Golding – brother Phil Golding – father Grace Golding – mother Marchent Nideck – brief lover Felix Nideck – sub-leader of the werewolves and Marchent's ancestor Margon – leader of the werewolves Laura Dennys – girlfriend Minor characters Celeste – ex-girlfriend Mort – best friend Stuart – newly changed werewolf References 2012 American novels Novels by Anne Rice Werewolf novels Random House books Novels set in California", "title": "The Wolf Gift" }, { "docid": "999845", "text": "Samuel Zachary Arkoff (June 12, 1918 – September 16, 2001) was an American producer of B movies. Life and career Arkoff was born in Fort Dodge, Iowa, to Russian Jewish parents. He was the son of Helen (Lurie) and Louis Arkoff, who ran his Louis Clothing Co. Arkoff first studied to be a lawyer. He began his career in Hollywood as a producer of The Hank McCune Show, a seminal sitcom produced in 1951. In 1954, James H. Nicholson founded the American Releasing Corporation, which later became known as American International Pictures, and made Arkoff the vice-president. AIP films were mostly low-budget, with production completed in a few days, though nearly all of them became profitable. Along with business partner James H. Nicholson and producer-director Roger Corman, he produced eighteen films. Arkoff is also credited with starting a few genres, such as the Beach Party and outlaw biker movies, and his company played a substantial part in bringing the horror film genre to a novel level with successes such as Blacula, I Was a Teenage Werewolf and The Thing with Two Heads. American International Pictures movies starred many established actors in principal or cameo roles, such as Boris Karloff, Elsa Lanchester and Vincent Price, as well as others who later became household names, including Don Johnson, Nick Nolte, Diane Ladd, and most notably Jack Nicholson. A number of actors shunned or overlooked by most of Hollywood during the 1960s and 1970s, such as Bruce Dern and Dennis Hopper, also found work in one or more of Arkoff's productions. Arkoff's most financially successful film was the 1979 adaptation of Jay Anson's book The Amityville Horror. Following the sale of AIP to Filmways in 1979 for $30 million, Arkoff was unhappy with the direction of the company and resigned in December 1979 to set up his own production company, Arkoff International Pictures., receiving a payout worth $1.4 million. Arkoff's 1992 autobiography was titled Flying Through Hollywood by the Seat of my Pants: From the Man who Brought You I was a Teenage Werewolf and Muscle Beach Party. In 2000, Arkoff was featured alongside former collaborators including Roger Corman, Dick Miller and Peter Bogdanovich in the documentary SCHLOCK! The Secret History of American Movies, a film about the rise and fall of American exploitation cinema. Personal life and death He was married to Hilda Rusoff. They had two children: Louis Arkoff, who was also his producing partner; and Donna Roth, who is a movie producer married to the former chairman of Walt Disney Studios Joe Roth. He also had five grandchildren and a great-grandson. Arkoff died in 2001 at age 83, within weeks of his wife's death. The \"ARKOFF Formula\" During a 1980s television talk show appearance, Arkoff shared with viewers his \"ARKOFF Formula\" for making successful, memorable films. The formula—or, more accurately, the checklist—forms an acronym of his surname, and it identifies the content elements that should be considered and included in a movie, especially in a low-budget production: Action (exciting, entertaining", "title": "Samuel Z. Arkoff" }, { "docid": "2064341", "text": "Bill Bridges (born September 17, 1965) is an American role-playing game developer and fantasy author. He designed the role-playing games Werewolf: The Apocalypse, Mage: The Ascension, and Promethean: The Created. He additionally worked on a video game based on his Fading Suns role-playing game Emperor of the Fading Suns. He is currently a developer at Holistic Design. Career Early career Bill Bridges was an original developer for White Wolf Publishing from 1992 to 1995, where he contributed to Werewolf: The Apocalypse. Bridges was the line editor for Werewolf and as one of the early World of Darkness developers, he was a key figure in developing the look and tone of the productions for the setting. He worked on the Storytelling system rules for all the World of Darkness games. It was his goal to present werewolves as something besides accursed humans, an idea which has since been echoed in some popular contemporary novel series. He was a part of the original Mage: The Ascension design team. He has many writing credits encompassing most of the second edition World of Darkness games, and helped design Rage, the Werewolf collectible card game. 1995 to 2000 He left White Wolf Publishing in 1996 to join Holistic Design (HDI), where he co-created Fading Suns with Andrew Greenberg. Bridges received inspiration for the setting from The Book of the New Sun by Gene Wolfe and Foundation by Isaac Asimov. Bridges' largest were his Alustro's Journals, a series of \"Marco Polo\" style diaries featuring the travels of the pilgrim Alustro and his companions. He was the primary author of the War in the Heavens series, which revealed the secrets of the Symbiots and the Vau. Minor literary similarities can be seen between the Symbiots and the 'defenders of Gaia' Garou in Werewolf: the Apocalypse. His other work includes writing for Chaosium, the development of the Star Trek: The Next Generation and Star Trek: Deep Space Nine role-playing games for Last Unicorn Games, Emperor of the Fading Suns for Segasoft (based on Fading Suns,), co-writing scripts for Viacom's \"interactive horror movie\" Dracula Unleashed, and work on Starfleet Academy for Interplay. 2000 to date Bridges moved back to White Wolf Publishing on February 12, 2002, replacing Jess Heinig as the developer for the revised edition of Mage: The Ascension. Bridges saw the game he created through to its conclusion in the Time of Judgment. Bridges and Ken Cliffe developed the book, The World of Darkness (2004), a single rulebook to cover the new version of the World of Darkness setting and rule system. For the new World of Darkness edition, he worked on the new core rules and was a designer, author, and developer on Mage: The Awakening. He later moved on to Promethean: The Created, which won several awards. Bridges also co-chairs the presenter programming for the biannual myth-based academic conference and performance festival, Mythic Journeys. His published novels include The Silver Crown, and The Last Battle, both of which are set in the Werewolf: The Apocalypse", "title": "Bill Bridges (game designer)" }, { "docid": "33940379", "text": "Love Bite is a 2012 British comedy horror film directed by Andy De Emmony, based on a screenplay by Cris Cole and Ronan Blaney. The film revolves around a mysterious traveller girl who is suspected of being a werewolf. It stars Jessica Szohr, Ed Speleers, Luke Pasqualino and Timothy Spall. It was released on 9 November 2012. Plot School is over and summer has begun in the dead-end seaside town of Rainmouth. While Jamie's friends seem to be happy working in the local pie factory by day and looking for sex by night, Jamie is bored out of his mind, running his pot-head mother's B&B. He's desperate to get out of there. But when he meets beautiful, smart and sexy American traveler Juliana at a party, he's smitten - the world is not so small after all. But soon after Juliana's arrival, strange things start happening. One of the local teens goes missing at a party. Then, another. Jamie is warned by an enigmatic stranger that a werewolf is in town - and preying solely on virgin flesh! The only way to be safe seems to be to pop your cherry. As the locals are picked off one by one, the boys fear that a werewolf is indeed after them. And for all their talk, it turns out none of them have ever had sex before... Pretty soon, everyone is dying to get laid. Cast Jessica Szohr as Juliana Ed Speleers as Jamie Timothy Spall as Sid Luke Pasqualino as Kevin Kierston Wareing as Natalie Imogen Toner as Mandy Robert Pugh as Sergeant Rooney Paul Birchard as Reverend Lynch Adam Leese as Malik Ben Keaton as Father John Robin Morrissey as Bruno Daniel Kendrick as Spike Joy McAvoy as Berit Production Shooting for Love Bite took place in Clacton-on-Sea, Essex, Glasgow, Largs, Millport, Cumbrae and near North Berwick, East Lothian. Filming started on 15 September 2011. The film wrapped on 14 November 2011, after a five-week shoot in Scotland. Design Creature effects Matt Wavish, writing for the Horror Cult Films website and giving the movie only 2.5 stars out of 10 in his review, was one of few reviewers who admired the werewolf effects: \"When the werewolf does finally appear, it is quite cool. Clever lighting and camera angles hide the films low budget, and enable the rather large monster to actually look impressive for most of the time.\" Reviewer Karl De Mesa mourned the underabundance of werewolf sightings: \"when we do see the beast the darn CGI makes it look like this one might just fall into the B-movie bin.\" Reviewer Ellis Whitehouse expressed some outrage: \"The wolf itself is a disgustingly ugly piece of CGI work, with it changing size and shape as the scenes progress, one minute it'll be twice the size a human with the fattest head in existence, next it'll be a puny mongrel cowering in front of a car on the road.\" Marketing De Emmony shopped Love Bite at the American Film Market 2011", "title": "Love Bite" }, { "docid": "27387452", "text": "The Boy Who Cried Werewolf is a 2010 Nickelodeon made-for-television comedy horror film starring Victoria Justice, Chase Ellison, Matt Winston, Brooke D'Orsay, Steven Grayhm, and Brooke Shields. The screenplay was written by Art Edler Brown and Josh Nick. It was filmed in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The film aired on Nickelodeon on October 23, 2010. Plot Jordan Sands (Victoria Justice) is an awkward and nerdy 17-year-old girl with a bad case of allergies who became the woman of the house after the recent death of her mother. Her father, David (Matt Winston), struggles to make ends meet, while her 14-year-old brother Hunter (Chase Ellison) drives the family crazy with gory pranks as he loves monsters. They inherit their mother's great uncle Dragomir Vukovic's castle in Wolfsberg, Romania, which they did not know existed. After arriving in Wolfsberg, they meet the strange and steely castle housekeeper, Madame Varcolac (Brooke Shields), whose name, when pronounced, causes a wolf to howl in the distance. Meanwhile, the kids explore the town. Hunter learns about the \"Wolfsberg Beast,\" a monster that protects both the castle and the town, and Jordan falls in love with the local butcher, Goran. Varcolac discourages David from selling the property, but he decides to do so that they can end their financial struggles. He dates with the bubbly real estate agent Paulina von Eckberg, who handles the selling and only appears at night. One day, while snooping around Dragomir's lab, Jordan accidentally steps on a vial of blood. Though Hunter pulls the bloody glass from her foot, her behavior changes. She becomes a carnivore (at the beginning of the movie, she mentions having tofu stir-fry for dinner because of her vegetarian diet), her senses heighten, she gains a playful dog-like behavior (she plays with the dogs at the nearby park), and her allergies disappear. Hunter's friends explain that Jordan has become a werewolf due to either a bloodline curse, a werewolf bite, or becoming infected with the blood of a werewolf. Hunter realizes it was the vial of blood, which is revealed to have been LB-217, short for \"Lycanthrope Blood.\" Jordan transforms into a werewolf, which Hunter witnesses. She holds back from attacking Hunter and flees. Hunter's friends reveal that there is no cure they know of other than killing a werewolf with a silver bullet. Hunter refuses to do this. His friends warn that if Jordan is not cured by next sunrise, she will remain a werewolf, cursed to shift every night until the end of her life. Hunter turns to Varcolac, who reveals that Dragomir was also a werewolf and was the famed \"Wolfsberg Beast.\" Vampires attempted to take over the castle and rise to power, but Dragomir stopped them before he was killed. Before his death, he had been working on a cure for lycanthropy. As Varcolac quickly gathers the ingredients for the treatment, Paulina captures the siblings, revealing herself as a Vampire and the one who killed Dragomir. She wants to take over the manor, but", "title": "The Boy Who Cried Werewolf (2010 film)" }, { "docid": "1622857", "text": "Bryan Michael Stoller (born 1960) is a Canadian independent filmmaker whose films include First Dog, The Amazing Wizard of Paws, Santa Stole Our Dog, (Universal) Turn of the Blade, The Random Factor, Miss Cast Away, Undercover Angel, and Light Years Away. His childhood hobbies included magic tricks and clay animation. His dad attempted to convince Bryan to pursue a different career; later, his dad said he was proud of Stoller's career. As a teen, he earned multiple Film Awards: a gold award in \"Film Magic\" at The Festival of the Americas (1978), a bronze medal at the Miami International Film Festival for a super documentary (1979), and Best Youth Film at the Canadian International Amateur Film Festival (1979). When Bryan was twelve years old he hosted a national children's show on the CBC (Canadian Broadcasting Company) called \"Film Fun\" showing pre-teens how to make their own super-8 movies. After producing commercials for local businesses, he moved to Los Angeles at 19 when he was selected as a Director Fellow at the American Film Institute Later he earned a role dusting the Hulk, Lou Ferrigno on The Incredible Hulk TV series when he crashed through a wall. Stoller said he prefers directing to producing because he enjoys the creative aspect. He has also acted briefly, making a few cameos in his productions and starring in a short A Canadian Werewolf in Hollywood, a parody of American Werewolf in London where he transforms into a werewolf in the middle of a call and uses his wolf side to produce a film. A Canadian Werewolf in Hollywood and other spoofs Stoller directed were packaged into a movie called Undershorts: The Movie for Paramount Home Video. Other shorts in Undershorts: The Movie received attention from celebrities parodied by them. The Incredible Bulk, a parody of The Incredible Hulk TV series, included Lou Ferrigno from the TV show reprising his role as the Hulk. \"The Shadow of Michael\", a parody of a Pepsi commercial caught Jackson's attention, and Jackson reprised his minor character Agent MJ from Men in Black II in Stoller's feature film parody titled \"Miss Castaway & the Island Girls\" and movie Silly Movie 2y. Jackson and Stoller were planning to release a new movie called They Cage the Animals at Night prior to Jackson's death. Jackson's estate was not aware there was a formal deal for the movie, as Jackson didn't have a management team at the time he discussed the movie—though there was a contractual agreement drafted and signed through Jackson's attorneys. Stoller was interviewed after Jackson's death to talk about his friendship. Stoller noted that Jackson seemed frail prior to his death and said he didn't believe allegations against Jackson. Stoller adopted a dog named Little Bear. The dog was previously fostered by former president Ronald Reagan and first lady Nancy Reagan. Stoller met Nancy Reagan, which inspired him to create the movie First Dog starring Little Bear as the First Dog who gets lost, and found by a foster", "title": "Bryan Michael Stoller" }, { "docid": "72994475", "text": "Tere Ishq Mein Ghayal () is an Indian Hindi-language supernatural fantasy television series that aired from 13 February 2023 to 9 June 2023 on Colors TV. From 12 June 2023 to 12 July 2023, the show exclusively streamed on JioCinema. An adaptation of the successful American series The Vampire Diaries, produced by Yash A Patnaik and Mamta Patnaik under the banner of Beyond Dreams Entertainment and Inspire Films, it stars Karan Kundrra, Gashmeer Mahajani and Reem Shaikh in main roles respectively. Plot Many years ago, Avantika plead to her werewolf lover Tej to make her a werewolf like him, so they could be together, to which Tej refused. Eventually Tej was shot and killed. Avantika vowed that someday a lover would come to fulfill their incomplete love story. Years later, Eisha Sharma, is still grieving from the loss of her parents. She met Armaan Oberoi, a werewolf. Eisha felt a connection between her and Armaan. Armaan's brother Veer, also a werewolf, wanted Eisha as she looked exactly like his lover Kavya, also a werewolf, who was burned to death by a villager. Armaan wanted Eisha as he is in love with her. Whereas Veer wants Eisha to take revenge on Armaan, as he believes Armaan is the reason for Kavya's death. Cast Main Gashmeer Mahajani as Armaan Oberoi: A 123 year old werewolf turned by Kavya; Veer's brother; Daksh and Raima's half-brother; Sikander’s step-brother; Tina's best friend; Eisha's ex-boyfriend (2023) (Dead) Reem Shaikh as Eisha Sharma: Sudha and Vyom's daughter; Angira, Viaan's cousin and adoptive sister; Laksh and Armaan's ex-girlfriend; Veer's girlfriend; Mehek and Cherry's best friend; Amar Sharma's descendant. (2023) Kavya: A 500+ year old werewolf who manipulated both Armaan and Veer to be her lovers for her own benefit; Eisha and Sudha's ancestor (2023) Karan Kundrra as Veer Oberoi: A 122 year old werewolf turned by Armaan; Armaan's brother; Daksh and Raima's half-brother; Sikander’s step-brother; Kavya's former love interest; Eisha's boyfriend (2023) Recurring Rrahul Sudhir as Sikandar: Daksh and Raima's half-brother; Armaan and Veer's step-brother (2023) (Dead) Pooja Singh as Malini: Eisha's adoptive aunt; Vihaan's aunt; Sameer's love interest (2023) (Dead) Kunal Khosla as Vihaan Sharma: Eisha's cousin; Sara and Ahana's former love-interest; Amar Sharma's descendant; Mehek's boyfriend (2023) Vaishnavi Dhanraj as Mehek Roy: A Yogini; Eisha's childhood best friend; Arundhti's granddaughter; Cherry, Lakshya, Sara, Armaan, Veer and Maahir's friend; Chandrika's great-granddaughter; Vihaan's girlfriend (2023) Nalini Negi as Cherry Diwaan - Eisha and Mehek's best friend; Maaya's daughter; Lakshay's ex-girlfriend; Sara and Vihaan's friend; a werewolf turned by Kavya; Mahir's girlfriend (2023) Vishal Nayak / Ayub Khan as Vikram Oberoi - Armaan and Veer's father (2023) (Flashback) Priya Bathija as Mrs. Oberoi - Vikram's wife; Armaan and Veer's mother (2023) Nimai Bali as Mayor Kumar Damania: A Mahishi; Taruneema's husband; Mahir's father; Maya's friend (2023) (Dead) Smriti Tarun Khanna as Taruneema Kumar Damania: Mayor's wife; Mahir's mother (2023) Nidhi Shetty as Sara - A normal girl who gets turned into a werewolf by Veer; Lakshya's sister; Viaan's ex-love", "title": "Tere Ishq Mein Ghayal" }, { "docid": "31402745", "text": "Douglas Tait (born December 17, 1978) is an American actor, and independent filmmaker. Tait has played characters in several films, including Freddy vs. Jason, Star Trek, Zathura: A Space Adventure, Land of the Lost, Annabelle Comes Home, and Hellboy. Early life Tait was born in Tarzana, California. He attended Bishop Alemany High School in Los Angeles, California, where he played on the high school's basketball team. Entertainment career Early work Tait said in an interview that he was cast as a teen basketball player in television commercials because of his high school basketball experience. His first character role came during high school when he was hired to perform as \"Frankenstein\" in the live stage shows at Universal Studios Hollywood. Character roles He played the role of Jason Voorhees in the final scene of Freddy vs. Jason. He was one of three individuals to play the role of a \"Zorgon\" in Jon Favreau's Zathura: A Space Adventure. He played the role of \"Abominog\" in The Knights of Badassdom and a \"Frost Giant\" in Thor. He appeared as \"Head Sleestak\" in Land of the Lost He also played \"Long Face Bar Alien\" in J. J. Abrams's Star Trek. Makeup artist Barney Burman who, along with Mindy Hall and Joel Harlow, won the 2009 Academy Award for best makeup for their work in Star Trek noted that the work Burman did on Tait's character, Long Face Bar Alien, was especially complex. In 2009, Tait was a member of the stunt ensemble for the 2008 film Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull that was nominated for a Screen Actors Guild Award in the category of \"Outstanding Performance by a Stunt Ensemble in a Motion Picture\". In 2014, Tait played Verlox in the ABC series The Quest. In 2015-2016, Tait played The Pathologist in the MTV series Teen Wolf. In 2017, Tait played Skull Zerstörer on the NBC series Grimm. In 2018, Tait played Charon IV in Unfriended: Dark Web. In 2019, Tait played the fairy Gruagach for the Hellboy reboot. In the same year, he also played the Werewolf In Annabelle Comes Home. In 2019-2022, Tait played Malivore on the CW series Legacies. In 2021, Tait directed the feature film Angel Baby. In the same year, Tait was the Michael Myers Stunt Double in Halloween Kills. He also plays the Sasquatch in the famous \"Jack Link's\" Beef Jerky commercials from 2015-Present day. Starring/Supporting notable roles The Quest (TV Series) - Verlox 2014 Teen Wolf (TV Series) - The Pathologist 2015-2016 Havenhurst (Movie) - Jed 2016 Grimm (TV Series) - Skull Zerstörer 2017 Unfriended: Dark Web (Movie) - Charon IV 2018 Hellboy (Movie) - Gruagach 2019 Annabelle Comes Home (Movie) - Werewolf 2019 Star Trek Picard (TV series) - Tellarite 2020 The Girl In The Woods (TV Series) - The Brute 2021 Legacies (TV Series) - Malivore 2019-2022 Halloween Kills (Movie) - The Shape Stunt Double 2021 Independent film work Tait was executive producer, along with Isabel Cueva, of \"In The Name", "title": "Douglas Tait (actor)" }, { "docid": "7278946", "text": "Blood of Dracula's Castle is a 1969 American horror cult B-movie directed by Al Adamson and starring John Carradine, Alexander D'Arcy, Paula Raymond, Robert Dix, Vicki Volante, and John Cardos. It was released by exploitation film specialists Crown International Pictures. Although his name was played up in the lurid ad campaign, John Carradine only played George the butler in this film, and not Count Dracula. DVD prints all suffer from extensive emulsion scratches. Plot Count Dracula and his vampire wife are occupying Falcon Rock Castle in modern-day Arizona, hiding behind the identities of Count and Countess Townsend. When the castle's owner dies, the property passes on to a photographer named Glen Cannon, and Glen has decided to live there himself with his fiancée Liz. He drives out to the castle to inform the Townsends that they will have to move out. But his car breaks down when he gets there, and he and Liz have to spend the night with the Townsends. The Townsends are actually vampires who sleep in coffins and lure pretty young girls to the castle to be drained of blood by their butler George, who then mixes real Bloody Marys for the couple, which they drink from martini glasses. George and Mango, the hunchback, keep mini-skirted women chained up in the basement, occasionally sacrificing one of them to \"the Great God Luna\" by burning them at the stake. Then there is a guy named Johnny, who becomes a serial killer when the moonlight strikes him (or a werewolf, depending on whether you watch the theatrical version or the late-night-TV version, the latter of which added a few werewolf scenes). Glen and Liz accidentally witness one of the women being sacrificed in the cellar. Dracula and the Countess try to force Glen to sell the castle to them. In the final confrontation, George the butler is killed, the remaining women prisoners are freed, Mango the hunchback gets shot, hit with an ax, and set afire before dying. The vampires wind up exposed to sunlight and dissolve away into dust. Glen and Liz decide not to live in the castle after all, and drive off together. However, two bats emerge unseen from the ashes and fly away. Cast John Carradine as George, the butler Alexander D'Arcy as Count Dracula, alias Count Charles Townsend Paula Raymond as Countess Dracula, alias Countess Townsend Robert Dix as Johnny the serial killer (or werewolf) Gene Otis Shayne as Glen Cannon (as Gene O'Shane) Jennifer Bishop as Liz Arden (as Barbara Bishop) Vicki Volante as Ann, motorist-victim Ray Young as Mango the hunchback John 'Bud' Cardos (credited as John Cardos) as prison guard Ken Osborne as telegram delivery man Joyce King as body in the water Production Ostensibly located in Arizona, the film was actually shot at Shea's Castle, near Lancaster, California. Other portions of the film were shot in the Coachella Valley, California. Jayne Mansfield was originally set to star in the film as Countess Townsend, but she died in a car", "title": "Blood of Dracula's Castle" }, { "docid": "32854822", "text": "Dark Moon Rising (aka Wolf Moon) is a 2009 American horror film directed by Dana Mennie who also co-wrote the movie with Ian Cook. The film is about a small town girl, Amy (played by Ginny Weirick), who falls for wanderer (Chris Diveccio). The film also stars María Conchita Alonso and Max Ryan as two local townspeople who try to save the town from destruction. Plot A girl named Amy falls in love with the new boy in town. Dan is a drifter from out of town who carries a dark secret with him. In the beginning Amy's friends tell her to go talk to Dan, who is working in an auto shop. He treats Amy with disinterest until he realizes that he has hurt her feelings. He asks to give her a ride home. Amy's father doesn't trust Dan from the beginning. Dan's a drifter, so people automatically don't trust him. But, the reason people don't trust him is because of the vibes he gives off. Amy and Dan get to know each other as the movie progresses. Meanwhile, Dan's father, Bender, is out killing people only a few states over. Dan's dad eventually shows up and kills a dog along with a horse. Sam, the local sheriff and Amy's dad, investigate the murders and eventually connect them to the killings from other states. The two eventually discover Charles Thibodeaux. Charles tells them that he knows Bender from a while ago and Bender is a werewolf. Charles put Bender in jail a while back, and he escaped seeking revenge. Bender killed Charles' wife brutally and Charles never got over it. Characters Max Ryan as Darkman/Bender María Conchita Alonso as Sam Chris Mulkey as John Sid Haig as Crazy Louis Chris Diveccio as Dan Billy Drago as Charles Thibodeaux Lin Shaye as Sunny Arielle Vandenberg as Nicole Rikki Gagne as Stacey Norman Mora as Chico Ginny Weirick as Amy Reception About the director Dark Moon Rising is Dana Mennie's debut film. Dana Mennie also wrote, produced, and starred in Dark Moon Rising. Dana was at first against casting Chris DiVeccio as Dan, but Chris had a friend that was close to Dana and he was eventually persuaded. Release Dark Moon Rising was a selection at the Freak Show Horror Film Festival on October 10, 2009. It was released on DVD June 22, 2010 under the title Wolf Moon. References External links Movie website IMDb 2009 films American supernatural horror films American werewolf films 2000s English-language films 2000s American films", "title": "Dark Moon Rising" }, { "docid": "7261145", "text": "Wolf Blood, also known as Wolfblood: A Tale of the Forest, is an American silent 1925 werewolf film starring George Chesebro, who also co-directed it with B-serial veteran Bruce M. Mitchell. The film has been referenced in a number of books as being the first werewolf movie ever made. This however is erroneous; the first werewolf movie is The Werewolf, a film made in 1913. However that film is considered to be lost. Therefore, Wolf Blood could be called the earliest surviving werewolf film. Although this film is labeled as a horror, there is very little in the feature film to be qualified as a horror film. Instead the film focuses more on romance and archaic action rather than suspense and fear as we have seen in other horror films of the time. The film is said to have more in common with westerns and adventure films of the 1920s.This film's importance to the genre of horror comes more so from its historical importance rather than historical impact. Wolf Blood is available commercially as an extra on a DVD together with F.W. Murnau's The Haunted Castle. Plot Dick Bannister is the new field boss of the Ford Logging Company, a Canadian logging-crew during a time when conflicts with the powerful Consolidated Lumber Company, a bitter rival company, have turned bloody, like a private war. His boss, Miss Edith Ford, comes to inspect the lumberjack camp, bringing her fiancé Dr. Horton with her. Dick is attacked by his rivals and left for dead. His loss of blood is so great that he needs a transfusion, but no human will volunteer, so the doctor uses a wolf as a source of the blood. Afterwards, Dick begins having dreams in which he runs with a pack of phantom wolves, and some rival loggers are killed by wolves. Soon, the news has spread through the camp and most of the lumberjacks begin to believe that Dick is a werewolf. Dick attempts to jump off a cliff, but is rescued by Edith. Cast George Chesebro as Dick Bannister. Marguerite Clayton as Miss Edith Ford, owner of the Ford Logging Company. Raymond \"Ray\" Hanford as Dr. Eugene \"Gene\" Horton, Edith's fiancé. Roy Watson as Jules Deveroux, envious owner of the Consolidated Lumber Company. Milburn Morante as Jacques Lebeq, notorious bootlegger. Frank Clark as Old Pop Hadley, alcoholic woods guard for the Ford Logging Company. Jack Cosgrave as Edith's uncle and manager. Production The film attempts to use modern techniques unique to horror films at the time with the use of techniques such as eye-line matches, cutaways, and continuity matching. The film also chooses to use many jump cuts and transitional dissolves. According to Neil Worcester these techniques are used very clumsily and are considered jarring or mistimed. Other notable techniques used in this film are low-key lighting, long sequences with very wide angles and stretched-out travelogue sections. There is also the use of color tint on scenes to establish night time and day time in certain", "title": "Wolf Blood" }, { "docid": "7279333", "text": "Werewolves on Wheels is a 1971 American exploitation film directed by Michel Levesque and starring Stephen Oliver, D.J. Anderson, and Deuce Barry. It blends two genres: the outlaw biker film and the traditional horror film. Plot \"As it is, the story takes up the tracks of a California biker gang, the Devil's Advocates, as they speed across a barren highway on a drug-infused journey of undisclosed intent. Losing their way, they stop for the night on the grounds of a 'church' tucked away in some hills off the beaten path. Much to their initial pleasure, they are fed by a kindly group of hooded priests before settling into a deep, inebriated stupor.\" As a group of bikers moves across the desert, they come across an old church that a Satanic cult has taken over. The cultists give them drugged food and the bikers soon fall asleep. That night the cultists cast a curse on the biker leader's girlfriend that makes her turn into a werewolf after nightfall; she soon infects her boyfriend. The bikers leave the church and begin to be killed off whenever they stop for the night. Things come to a climax when the couple changes in front of the bikers, who quickly kill the beasts. The bikers return to the church to have their revenge, but stop when they see themselves in the cult-procession. Cast Stephen Oliver as Adam Donna Anders as Helen (as D.J. Anderson) Deuce Barry as Tarot William Gray as Pill Gray Johnson as Movie Barry McGuire as Scarf Owen Orr as Mouse Anna Lynn Brown as Shirley Severn Darden as One Production In many scenes, footage was used of real bikers with no experience or training in acting going about their lives as normal. Thus, parts of this film could be regarded as an early experiment in reality as entertainment. References External links 1971 films 1971 horror films 1970s action films 1971 independent films American action horror films American exploitation films American supernatural horror films American independent films Films about drugs Outlaw biker films American werewolf films Films about Satanism 1970s English-language films 1970s American films American monster movies Films about cults Films about curses", "title": "Werewolves on Wheels" }, { "docid": "34750905", "text": "Thomas \"Tom\" McNair is a fictional werewolf in the comedy-drama TV series Being Human, portrayed by Michael Socha. Tom McNair was a recurring character in the third series of the show and became a main character in the two last series of the show. He appeared in 18 episodes of the drama. Television series Background In the series narrative Tom’s story starts with his adoptive father McNair. McNair is captured by a vampire named Herrick and is forced to take part in a \"Dog Fight\", a fight between a werewolf and a human, which is watched by vampires. McNair manages to kill a werewolf, but is infected and turned into werewolf himself. One day McNair is able to escape. He is angry about what the vampires did to him and tries to kill every vampire he comes across. One full moon night, a couple is outside with their baby son Tom, when the werewolf McNair comes across them he kills the parents and infects Tom. Waking up the next day, McNair realised what his werewolf self has done and is horrified. Feeling guilty for orphaning Tom, McNair adopts him. Tom doesn’t know that McNair is not his father. He believes a story that McNair has told him since he was very young. McNair has told Tom that he was born a werewolf and that his mother had been killed by vampires. Tom grows up with McNair outside society and the two of them see their mission in killing vampires. Series 3 The 20-year-old werewolf Tom comes with his vampire-hunting dad McNair, to the house of Mitchell, Annie, George and Nina. He fancies Nina, but nothing ever happens between them since Nina is in love with George. When Tom finds out that he isn’t McNair’s son and that he has been lied to his whole life it makes him very angry, but eventually he forgives McNair. Finally, McNair is killed by the vampire Herrick. Tom discovers his adoptive father’s body and buries him. He swears revenge and wants to kill the vampires responsible for it, but not only them even more vampires have to be killed. Series 4 After his dad McNair, later also George and Nina have died Tom has decided to stay with Annie and Eve (George and Ninas daughter). They are the only persons he is familiar with, apart from his dad. He also feels responsible for Eve and tries to take care for her and protect her. Tom meets the werewolf Allison and a romance develops between the two of them. Getting to know Toms life, Allison soon starts to hunt vampires as well. In fear that his lifestyle is unsuitable for Allison Tom rejects her. Living together with the vampire Hal, Tom learns to be less judgemental towards some vampires. Along with Hal tries to fight off the Old Ones, ancient vampires who want to take over the world. However, in the end it is Annie who sacrifices herself and Eve and finally defeats them. Series", "title": "Tom McNair" }, { "docid": "66780240", "text": "A Werewolf Problem in Central Russia () is a short story by Victor Pelevin, published in 1991 in Russian. In 1998, New Directions Publishing published a short story collection, ''A Werewolf Problem in Central Russia and Other Stories''. Plot In the center of the narrative - the werewolves living in Russia. A character named Sasha, driven by an unconscious desire, sets out on a long journey in search of a certain vision he saw in an encyclopedia illustration. Throughout the story, folkloric imagery and motifs persist throughout. And this desire correlates with the actions of a fairy-tale folklore hero: to go there without knowing where, to see that without knowing what. Moreover, once there (who knows where), Sasha finds himself in a movie, in a certain (almost fairy-tale-like, mysterious) half-empty hall, in the company of a grandfather, whose whistle had something of a nightingale-robber, something of the departing ancient Russia. Looking for a place to spend the night, the hero comes to the conclusion that the grandmothers who let them spend the night usually live in the same places as the nightingales, bandits and koshchei, although the kolkhoz \"Michurinsky\" is not a less magical concept, if you think about it. Like a fairy tale hero, Pelevin's character unnoticeably finds himself at a crossroads. As in a fairy tale, the hero is faced with a choice: you go right... you go left.... And this choice, as in a traditional fairy tale, serves as a kind of sign of the importance of those events that will happen to the hero, an important, but not yet known to him goal. In Pelevin's story, the hero is destined to become a chosen werewolf, a werewolf hero. The magical transformation of Sasha into a werewolf is described as a process of comprehension of the hero of the truth, previously unknown to him. It was at this moment that Sasha realized that his whole life was nothing more than a dream. Through transformation into a werewolf, the hero is reborn, gaining the true meaning of existence. All his previous worldview is perceived as a meaningless dream. It is no accident that the author places his hero in the middle belt of Russia, and it is not only a geographical term (the narrative begins with the fact that Sasha finds himself in the village of Konkovo near Moscow), but also philosophical, the hero is shown in the middle of his life journey. The author brings the reader into the mystical world gradually. The hero notices \"a faint, uncertain nature of light,\" moonlight. The word \"moon\" in Pelevin's text is capitalized, as the name of some deity personifying the otherworldly force. It is worth noting that the word \"moon\" appears initially with a small letter in the text, and only when Sasha finds himself in the clearing with the verwolves does it appear with a capital letter. We can assume that the author wanted to emphasize that only next to werewolves the hero got into another world, where", "title": "A Werewolf Problem in Central Russia" }, { "docid": "7277772", "text": "The Beast and the Magic Sword () is a 1983 Spanish/Japanese horror film that is the tenth in a long series of films about the werewolf Count Waldemar Daninsky, played by Paul Naschy. This film moved the Daninsky family curse back to a medieval setting, as Naschy felt the Daninsky saga need not always be confined to a modern-day setting. The film was shot in Japan, and Naschy brought his wife and two sons with him for the adventure, even allowing them to appear in a brief cameo role in the picture. Although Naschy always regarded this film to be one of the best movies he ever made, it was never dubbed in English, nor offered legally on VHS or DVD in the U.S. or the U.K. The film was however screened at the Brussels International Film Festival in November 1983, along with Naschy's other 1983 film Panic Beats, and Naschy was given a prize in recognition of his body of work in the cinefantastique genre. The film first opened theatrically in Spain in April 1984. Although the film was a Spanish/Japanese co-production, for some reason it was never theatrically shown in Japan, nor in any country outside of Spain. This film was followed by the 11th film in the series, entitled Licantropo, in 1996. Plot A medieval warrior named Irineus Daninsky slays a Mongol chieftain in a duel which enrages a local witch who loved the Mongol. (Naschy's wife and two sons appeared in the audience that is shown watching the duel.) The witch learns that the King, in gratitude for Irineus' victory, allowed him to marry his daughter. Months later, after Irineus' wife becomes pregnant with his child, the witch puts a curse on the entire Daninsky lineage by biting the pregnant woman's belly with the skull of a werewolf. The king's guards kill the witch with a batch of arrows, but it's too late to stop the Daninsky curse from taking effect. Centuries later, Waldemar Daninsky discovers he is a werewolf, and he goes to an old rabbi named Salom Jehuda for a possible cure. Unfortunately, the rabbi is killed by a group of racist villagers, but not before he tells Daninsky to go and seek out a Japanese wise man named Kian in the village of Kyoto who can possibly help him find a cure. The werewolf travels from Europe to Japan (bringing his wife with him) and finds Kian, who tells him there is a magic silver sword that can be used to free him from the curse. Meanwhile, an evil witch named Satomi is plotting to take control of Waldemar's mind, so that she can make him her servant and thereby enhance her mystical powers. Daninsky is captured by the witch and locked in a cage with a man-eating tiger. He transforms into a werewolf and slays the beast with just his fangs and claws. Kian manages to kill the witch and her minions, and get possession of the magic sword. After Daninsky's wife", "title": "The Beast and the Magic Sword" }, { "docid": "43505655", "text": "When Animals Dream (originally titled as Når dyrene drømmer) is a 2014 Danish horror drama film, and the feature film directorial debut of Jonas Alexander Arnby. The film had its world premiere on 19 May 2014 at the Cannes Film Festival and stars Sonia Suhl as a teenager that discovers that she is transforming into a werewolf. Plot Marie (Sonia Suhl) is a shy sixteen-year-old growing up in a remote fishing village in Denmark where she lives with her father Thor (Lars Mikkelsen) and mother (Sonja Richter), who is catatonic and confined to a wheelchair. She's bothered by a strange rash that develops on her chest, only to become more unnerved when she begins to sprout hair. During this time Marie begins working at a fish processing plant where her coworkers bully her under the false premise that it is hazing and not intended to be malicious. As Marie's body undergoes more changes, she begins to realize that her family has been hiding strange secrets and that her mother's current condition may relate to what Marie is currently going through. Cast Sonia Suhl as Marie Lars Mikkelsen as Thor Jakob Oftebro as Daniel Sonja Richter as Mother Mads Riisom as Felix Benjamin Boe Rasmussen as Ib Esben Dalgaard as Bjarne Reception Critical reception for When Animals Dream has been generally positive. It has a score of 73% on Rotten Tomatoes and of 54% on Metacritic. Shock Till You Drop compared the film favorably with the similarly themed films Let the Right One In and Ginger Snaps and commented that it was \"a movie that lurks quietly in the shadows, stalking you until its ready to pounce and show you what big, sharp teeth it has\". The Hollywood Reporter and Twitch Film also praised the movie, and Twitch Film wrote that it was \"a tremendous feature debut, haunting and elegiac, while not shying away from violence and sex. There is certainly no subtlety to the film; but then again, werewolves aren't meant to be subtle.\" References External links 2014 films 2010s horror drama films Danish horror drama films 2010s Danish-language films 2014 directorial debut films 2014 drama films Werewolf films", "title": "When Animals Dream" }, { "docid": "3222171", "text": "Alvin and the Chipmunks Meet the Wolfman is a 2000 American animated horror musical dark comedy film produced by Bagdasarian Productions and Universal Cartoon Studios and based on characters from Alvin and the Chipmunks. It is the second Alvin and the Chipmunks direct-to-video film following Alvin and the Chipmunks Meet Frankenstein, and the third of three Universal Cartoon Studios productions to be animated overseas by Tama Productions in Tokyo, Japan. The film introduces the voices of Maurice LaMarche and Miriam Flynn. Plot After watching too many horror movies, Alvin has nightmares of meeting the Wolfman. He claims to Simon and Dave that it is because their new neighbor, Lawrence Talbot, creeps him out and speculates that he's hiding something. When Alvin causes another accident at the school auditorium, and when Dave gets a call from Miss Miller about the Chipettes being spooked by something while walking home with the Chipmunks one night, Dave and Principal Milliken decide that Alvin should be pulled out of his role as Mr. Hyde in their school play for Dr. Jekyll and Mr Hyde. Theodore replaces Alvin's role to boost his self-esteem. Alvin is given the role of the butler instead and Dave confiscates Alvin's monster collection. Alvin and Simon begin searching for proof that Mr. Talbot is a werewolf. Meanwhile, Theodore is bitten by what he believes to be a large dog on his way home, after a meeting with his crush Eleanor. The next day at the rehearsal, Theodore does a terrifying impression of Mr. Hyde to great applause. Later, Theodore transforms into a puppy-like werewolf by night, and his personality changes. Realizing that their brother is cursed with lycanthropy, Alvin and Simon search for a way to cure Theodore, and save the play, without Dave finding out. Finding no solutions, they decide to take up advice from psychic Madame Raya, who claims that Theodore is close to his animal state and will soon become an adult werewolf. She suggests knocking him out with a silver cane before the next full moon, when the transformation will be complete. Alvin later breaks into Mr. Talbot's home and steals his silver cane. Theodore splits the cane in two after Alvin knocks him with it, but he is not cured. However, as he runs away with the cane, he knocks it into Dave. That night, Dave tries to apologize to Mr. Talbot. During the conversation, Talbot mentions an ancestor killed by a silver bullet and transforms by looking into the full moon. Terrified, Dave, fully realizing that Alvin was telling the truth about Talbot all along, quickly hurries off to the school to warn the kids. However, he's knocked unconscious running into a pole. Mr. Talbot makes his way inside and chases after Alvin. During the play, Theodore turns into a werewolf and attacks Eleanor. However, after cornering her, a necklace Theodore gave Eleanor earlier shines in the moonlight, causing Theodore to remember his feelings towards her and flee. Eleanor follows him, determined to help him,", "title": "Alvin and the Chipmunks Meet the Wolfman" }, { "docid": "16815767", "text": "\"Waking the Demon\" is a song by Welsh heavy metal band Bullet for My Valentine. The song is released as the third and final single from their second album Scream Aim Fire. The video for the song was written and directed by Max Nichols (son of Academy Award-winning director Mike Nichols). Song concept The meaning of this song is all about revenge. Matt Tuck, the band's lead singer and rhythm guitarist, said: The video was released on 16 April 2008 as the band's MySpace video. On 7 April 2009, \"Waking the Demon\" was released as a downloadable song for Rock Band. Music video The video is about a teenage heavy metal fan (Children Of Bodom) who is bullied in high school by a jock (None Reason). The leader of the group is dating a girl who seems sympathetic for the boy, but is not brave enough to stand up for him. There are numerous shots of the band playing in a moonlit forest. Throughout the video, the jock repeatedly attacks the boy, including spraying warm showers on him in the locker room and dumping a Strawberry shake on him in class, tripping him, pushing him into walls, smacking him with a towel, splashing bathroom water on his face, etc. Meanwhile, as the days pass, the teenager crosses off dates on a calendar in his locker. He circles the last date, the 28th, which is labeled \"COBhc\". That night, he watches the jocks' leader waiting in the forest for his girlfriend, who lured him to the forest by asking to meet him there so that the teenage boy could get revenge on him. The teenager throws a balloon filled with cottage cheese at the jock's car to provoke him to chase him deeper into the forest. The song prepares for the solo as the jock chases the boy through the forest. As the guitar solo starts, the teenager falls down on his knees and the full moon comes out of the clouds, turning him into a werewolf. The bully approaches the now changed boy. Once the jock sees the teenage victim's face, the jock is horrified and tries to run, and is implied to have been slaughtered by the werewolf. Blood drips from the werewolf's mouth and hands. The next day at school, there is a new sign displaying the original bully as missing. Now, another jock tries to show his anger towards the teenager and tries to harass him a little bit. The girl who dated the old bully runs up and hugs him, hinting that now she's going out with him after news that the leader went missing. As the other jock walks off with the girl, she looks at the teenager, giving him a look of \"I'm on your side\" and he sees her eyes glow red (revealing that she also is a werewolf like himself). He smiles knowing that her new \"boyfriend\" will be the next victim, and crosses out the first day of the next month", "title": "Waking the Demon" }, { "docid": "675790", "text": "Teen Wolf is a 1985 American coming-of-age comedy film directed by Rod Daniel and written by Jeph Loeb and Matthew Weisman. Michael J. Fox stars as the title character, a high school student whose ordinary life is changed when he discovers that he is a werewolf. James Hampton, Scott Paulin, Susan Ursitti, Jerry Levine, Matt Adler, and Jay Tarses appear in supporting roles. Filming took place from November to December 1984. Teen Wolf was released on August 23, 1985, by Atlantic Releasing Corporation. It received mixed reviews, but was a commercial success, grossing over $30 million on a $4 million budget. The film's success spawned a titular franchise, including an animated series adaptation in 1986, a sequel film in 1987, the supernatural live action drama series that aired on MTV from 2011 to 2017, and its continuation film in 2022. Plot Scott Howard, a 17-year-old high school student, is tired of just being average. Living in a small town in Nebraska, his only claim to popularity is playing for the Beavers, his school's unsuccessful basketball team. Scott fawns after Pamela Wells even though she is dating his rival Mick who plays for the Dragons, an opposing team that bullies him on the court. Completely oblivious to the affections of his best friend Boof, Scott constantly rebuffs her advances due to their history together. After startling changes such as long hair suddenly sprouting on his hands, he decides to quit the team, but his coach, Finstock, changes his mind. Scoring a keg with his friend Stiles for a party, Scott and Boof end up alone in a closet and Scott gets rough when they begin making out, accidentally clawing her back. When he returns home, he undergoes a strange transformation, discovering he is a werewolf. His father Harold reveals he is one too, and that he had hoped Scott would not inherit the curse because 'sometimes it skips a generation'. Scott reveals his secret to Stiles, who agrees to keep it a secret. But, when Scott becomes stressed on the court, he becomes the Wolf and helps win their first game in three years. As a result, Scott gains fame and popularity as the high school is overwhelmed with 'Wolf Fever'. He is also alienated from Boof and his teammates as he begins to hog the ball during games. Stiles merchandises \"Teen Wolf\" paraphernalia and Pamela finally begins paying attention to Scott. After he gets a role as a \"werewolf cavalryman\" in the school play alongside her, she comes onto him in the dressing room and they have sex. Later, after a date set up to make Mick jealous, Pamela tells Scott that she is not interested in him as a boyfriend, much to his disappointment. Harold tells Scott he is responsible for his son's conflicts with vice principal Rusty Thorne, due to a scare Harold had given him when he was in high school. He advises Scott to be himself. Boof agrees to go with Scott to the upcoming Spring", "title": "Teen Wolf" }, { "docid": "73009724", "text": "The Werewolf is a three-act comedy play adapted by Gladys Unger from Der Werwolf, a German-language play written by Rudolf Lothar. Producer George B. McLellan staged it on Broadway in 1924. In the story, a Spanish noblewoman investigates a spirit that she believes is haunting her castle. History The Hungarian-born Austrian writer Rudolph Lothar wrote the comedy play Der Werwolf in German in 1921, under the pseudonym \"Angelo Cana\". While visiting Europe in early 1924, theater owner and producer Jacob J. Shubert secured the rights to adapt the play to English, and hired Gladys Unger to write the adaptation. Previews for the adaptation opened first in Stamford, Connecticut, on May 27, 1924. They then moved to the Teck Theatre in Buffalo, New York, on May 29. The final round of previews was a five-week run at the Adelphi Theatre in Chicago, starting on June 1. The Hungarian actor Bela Lugosi, who had moved to the United States a few years before, was cast for the role of the butler during the previews. While the production was in Chicago, he was replaced by Vincent Serrano, who continued in the role on Broadway. The Broadway opening was at the Shubert Organization's 49th Street Theatre on August 25, 1924. The production ran there for three months with 112 performances. Unger's adaptation was not published. Plot The Duchess of Capablanca thinks her castle is haunted by the spirit of the famous libertine Don Juan. Psychic investigator Eliphas Leone believes this spirit has possessed Paolo Moreira, a young, straight-laced professor at a nearby school, and uses Moreira's astral body to seduce women among the castle's household servants. Rumors about this motivate several young women to approach Moreira in the hope of being seduced. However, when the Duchess attempts to prove the possession by a rendezvous with Moreira, she finds that he is no libertine; instead she discovers that the culprit seducing the servants is her butler, Vincente. Cast and characters The characters and opening night cast from the Broadway production are given below: Title The \"werewolf\" of the title is not a lycanthrope who transforms between man and wolf. The term is used to refer to a dangerous man engaged in seduction of women. It is a parallel to the use of the term \"vampire\" to refer to a dangerous woman who seduces men, which was a common trope in plays and movies of the era. Reception The Broadway production received mixed reviews. The reviewer for The American Hebrew praised the cast, but said the humor was \"threadbare\" and the solution to the central mystery of the plot was obvious. Writing for The Bookman, Stephen Vincent Benét said the adaptation was one of many European plays that failed to work in translation. Theatre Arts Monthly said Unger made \"amusing and satirical\" use of psychoanalysis as a plot device, but the result was mostly sexual innuendos without any other significance. In Variety, Robert Sisk condemned the innuendos more vigorously, calling the play \"an exhibition of slimy,", "title": "The Werewolf (play)" }, { "docid": "1107202", "text": "Paula Marshall (born June 12, 1964) is an American actress. Career In 1990, Marshall had a guest role as Iris West, the love interest of Flash (Barry Allen) in the pilot episode on the short-lived Flash. In 1991, she guest-starred on Superboy with a young Clark Kent before he called himself Superman, playing the villainous Christina Riley, a woman who is, in secret, a werewolf. Both series are part of DC Comics media. In 1992, Marshall had a three-episode guest role on The Wonder Years and later guest-starred on shows such as Seinfeld, Nash Bridges, Grapevine and Diagnosis: Murder. Later in 1992, she appeared in the movie Hellraiser III: Hell on Earth as Terri. In 1994, she got her first sitcom role on Wild Oats. In 1995, Marshall starred in the science fiction cult classic W.E.I.R.D. World, directed by William Maloneas, as Dr. Abby O'Reardon, an evil scientist who rejuvenates her boss (and later becomes his mother) and is bent on turning grown men into babies. After a few years in B movies, Marshall gained a role on 1997's Chicago Sons. The same year, she landed a recurring role on Spin City and starred with Bette Midler and Dennis Farina in the film That Old Feeling, where her character fell in love with the paparazzo played by Danny Nucci. Marshall has been cast in several pilots that were not picked up, including the Elizabeth Lackey series Cooking Lessons and Rob Thomas's Sticks. Marshall was on Rob Thomas's Cupid, premiering in 1998. It featured her as Dr. Claire Allen, a psychiatrist supervising a man named Trevor (Jeremy Piven) who thinks he is Cupid. Marshall then joined David E. Kelley's Snoops about an unconventional detective agency. In 2000, Marshall returned to television screens: first with a three-episode guest appearance as a porn star and love interest for Jeremy (Joshua Malina) on Aaron Sorkin's Sports Night, and then in Cursed (a.k.a. The Weber Show). In 2002, she guest starred on Just Shoot Me! as the daughter of Nina Van Horn. Hidden Hills was an offbeat comedy about three families in suburbia. Marshall also had a secondary role in the Steve Martin-Bonnie Hunt remake of Cheaper by the Dozen and a cameo appearance in Break a Leg, which starred her husband Danny Nucci. In 2004, Marshall appeared in an episode of the tv show Miss Match, but the series was cancelled before it aired. In October, she had a four-episode role in Veronica Mars, (created by Rob Thomas), and she reprised the role toward the end of season two. Marshall's next main role came in the sitcom Out of Practice. In 2007, Marshall appeared in the Showtime series Californication. She also was seen in the FX series Nip/Tuck as an insecure actress who dated Dr. Sean McNamara. In 2008, Marshall joined the crime drama Shark as a recurring character. Marshall starred on the CBS sitcom Gary Unmarried. She and Jay Mohr played a divorced couple sparring while trying to be loving parents to their", "title": "Paula Marshall" }, { "docid": "7279558", "text": "The Werewolf of Washington is a 1973 horror comedy film written and directed by Milton Moses Ginsberg and starring Dean Stockwell. Produced by Nina Schulman, it satirizes several individuals in Richard Nixon's administration. Plot summary Jack Whittier (Dean Stockwell) is the press secretary for the White House and for the President of the United States. While on assignment in Hungary, he is bitten by a wolf who actually turns out to be a man. When Jack tries to report it, he believes it is the work of Communists. He then meets a gypsy woman who tells him it was her son and he needed to die to be saved. She then gives him a charm and tells him to be careful now that he may suffer the same effects. When he returns to Washington D.C., he is assigned to the President (Biff McGuire); he has also been having an affair with the President's daughter Marion (Jane House). Jack suddenly starts to feel different changes about him whenever the moon is full. Numerous murders suddenly occur all over Washington, all related to the President's staff. Jack is now convinced that he is a werewolf; when he tries to explain this to his superior, Commander Salmon (Beeson Carroll), the latter does not believe him. Jack then presents a pattern of where the murders have happened in the shape of a pentagram; he convinces him (Salmon) to lock him in his apartment and restrain him and also to be documented. The President needs Jack for a special interview with the Chinese prime minister; however, Jack starts to change into a werewolf and he attacks the President. He then leaves for Marion, who then shoots him with a silver bullet, thus killing him and changing him back to his human form. Many witnesses decide to cover up the act saying Jack bravely came into the line of fire. In audio over the closing credits, the President addresses the nation. At the very end, he starts to change into a werewolf. Cast Dean Stockwell as Jack Whittier Katalin Kallay as Giselle Henry Ferrentino as Beal Despo Diamantidou as Gypsy Woman Thayer David as Inspector Nancy Andrews as Mrs. Margie Captree Clifton James as Attorney General Biff McGuire as The President Jack Waltzer as Appointments Secretary Ben Yaffee as Mr. Captree Jane House as Marion Beeson Carroll as Commander Salmon Michael Dunn as Dr. Kiss Harry Stockwell as Military #2 Release The film was originally released theatrically in the United States by Diplomat in 1973. After it performed underwhelmingly in initial engagements, the title was changed to Werewolf at Midnight, and ads stopped drawing attention to its political themes. On VHS and DVD, the film has been released by various labels over the years with questionable legitimacy to the rights and subpar presentations. It was also released on DVD by Shout Factory as part of the Elvira's Movie Macabre series, hosted by Elvira, played by Cassandra Peterson. In 2023, Kino Lorber released the film on blu-ray.", "title": "The Werewolf of Washington" }, { "docid": "35205847", "text": "Hal Yorke (also Lord Harry or Henry Yorke ) is a fictional vampire in the comedy-drama TV series Being Human, portrayed by Damien Molony. The male lead for the duration of the show's last two series appeared in 14 episodes of the drama. Television series Background Within the series narrative, Hal serves as a soldier in the Battle of Orsha on 8 September 1514, when he is turned into a vampire by an army surgeon. In his early years as a vampire Hal is one of the most evil vampires in existence and is tearing through Eastern Europe and its historic wars in the 1700s and 1800s. Hal is a member of Old Ones, a group of ancient and royal vampires. In the early 20th century Hal joins forces with the werewolf Lady Cathrine, and the ghost Emil, to defeat the devil, who benefits from the war between vampires and werewolves. Instead of using his own blood for the ritual, Hal sacrifices one of his men. Therefore, the trio is incomplete and instead of being defeated the devil is only weakened and escapes in the vessel of a mad man. In the 1950s Hal is starting to get tired of the killing and the way he has lived during the last decades. Hal hosts some werewolf fights where he meets the werewolf Leo who has never lost a fight and is very taken by him. He saves his werewolf friend, who in return helps him keep him off blood for the following five-and-a-half decades. Hal develops some techniques that help him to stay clean and keep his bloodlust at bay. So he plays dominoes, does exercises and press-ups. Series 4 At the beginning of the series Hal lives in a barbershop in South End, together with Leo, a werewolf, and Pearl, a ghost. Together the friends come to Barry to save Leo's life. However, Hal ends up alone and decides to stay with the ghost Annie and the werewolf Tom. While Hal considers Annie as a friend, Tom and Hal don't really get on at first but their friendship develops during the series. Hal is trying to block out his past and tries to remain clean from blood. He is afraid of any kind of human contact because it might trigger his bloodlust. However, living in the house with Annie and Tom he has to face the world outside, which he has avoided for the last decades. He starts working within a cafe along with Tom, which is very hard for him because there are always human customers. Furthermore, the Old Ones, who have been hiding in South America for last centuries are returning to the United Kingdom and plan to take over the world. When the Old Ones arrive at Barry Hal needs to decide whether he wants to try to fight them off or if he wants to join them. Hal and Tom finally make plan to sacrifice themselves in their fight against the Old Ones. However, in", "title": "Hal Yorke" }, { "docid": "4586256", "text": "How to Make a Monster is a 1958 American horror film drama that is notable for its inclusion of props and studios that created actual sci-fi horror movies. It was produced and written by Herman Cohen, directed by Herbert L. Strock, and starring Gary Conway, Robert H. Harris, Paul Brinegar, Morris Ankrum, Robert Shayne, and John Ashley. The film was released by American International Pictures as a double feature with Teenage Caveman. The film is a follow-up to both I Was a Teenage Werewolf and I Was a Teenage Frankenstein. Like Teenage Frankenstein, a black-and-white film that switches to color in its final moments, How to Make a Monster was filmed in black-and-white and only the last reel (the fire scene finale) is in full color. Plot Pete Dumond, chief make-up artist for 25 years at American International Studios, will be fired after the studio is purchased by NBN Associates. The new management from the East, Jeffrey Clayton and John Nixon, plan to make musicals and comedies instead of the horror pictures for which Pete has created his remarkable monster make-ups and made the studio famous. (The new owners show Pete one of their new rock musical numbers on stage which features real-life singing superstar John Ashley.) In retaliation, Pete vows to use the very monsters these men have rejected to destroy them in revenge. By mixing a numbing ingredient into his foundation cream and persuading the young actors that their careers are through unless they place themselves in his power, he hypnotizes both the unsuspecting Larry Drake and Tony Mantell (who are playing the characters the Teenage Werewolf and the Teenage Frankenstein, respectively, in the picture Werewolf Meets Frankenstein, currently shooting on the lot). Through hypnosis, Pete urges Larry, in Teenage werewolf make-up, to kill Nixon in the studio projection room. Later, he orders the unknowing Tony, in Teenage Frankenstein make-up, to attack Clayton and choke him to death after he arrives home at night in his 1958 Lincoln convertible. Next day, studio guard Monahan, an amateur detective, stops in at the make-up room. He shows Pete and Rivero, Pete's make-up assistant, his little black book in which he has jotted down many interesting facts, such as the late time (9:12PM) Pete and Rivero checked out the night of Jeffrey Clayton's murder. He explains he hopes to work his way up to chief of security on the lot. Apprehensive, Pete makes himself up as a terrifying split-faced Caveman, one of his own creations and kills Monahan in the studio commissary while Monahan makes his rounds that night. Richards, the older guard, sees and hears nothing of the struggle, but discovers the missing Monahan's body. Police investigators uncover two clues: a maid, Millie, describes Frankenstein's monster (Tony, in make-up), who struck her down as he fled from the scene of Clayton's murder, and the police laboratory technician discovers a peculiar ingredient in the make-up left on Clayton's fingernails from his death struggle with Tony. The formula matches bits found in", "title": "How to Make a Monster (1958 film)" }, { "docid": "17381108", "text": "Never Cry Werewolf is a Canadian television film directed by Brenton Spencer, and starring Nina Dobrev, Peter Stebbings and Kevin Sorbo. It premiered on the Sci Fi Channel on May 11, 2008. Plot When 16-year-old Loren (Nina Dobrev) and her family greet a new neighbor, Jared (Peter Stebbings), a good-looking single guy and his dog, she senses something mysterious and dangerous about him. Her suspicions become further aroused when some of the locals begin disappearing one by one. As Loren becomes obsessed with her neighbor's behavior, she is unaware that he is monitoring her just as closely as a hungry wolf stalking its prey at night. Because Loren reminds her neighbor of his young and deceased wife, Melissa, he claims her as his territory and kills her friend Angie, who seems to be close to her. With the help of local TV hunting show personality Redd Tucker (Kevin Sorbo) and a delivery boy with a secret crush on attractive Loren, the unlikely trio prepare for a full-moon showdown against an immortal creature with insatiable bloodlust. Jared also has Loren's brother locked inside a freezer. It's her brother's life for hers. Cast Production Release It aired on the Sci Fi Channel on May 11, 2008. Soundtrack Most of the songs in the film were written and performed by Canadian band The Manvils. The Manvils T-shirts are also worn by various members of the cast throughout the movie itself. Reception The plot of the film is very similar to the 1985 American horror vampire film Fright Night. References External links via web.archive.org 2008 television films English-language Canadian films 2008 horror films Canadian horror television films Canadian independent films Canadian werewolf films 2008 films Films directed by Brenton Spencer 2000s Canadian films", "title": "Never Cry Werewolf" }, { "docid": "5747478", "text": "Laura Hope Crews (December 12, 1879 – November 12, 1942) was an American actress. Although she is best remembered today for her later work as a character actress in motion pictures of the 1930s, she also was prolific on stage; among her films roles was the role of Aunt Pittypat in Gone with the Wind. Early life Crews was the daughter of stage actress Angelena Lockwood and backstage carpenter John Thomas Crews. She had three older siblings. Crews started acting at age four. Her first stage appearance was at Woodward's Gardens. She stopped acting to finish school and then returned to acting in 1898. As she was a native San Franciscan, the records pertaining to her early life were destroyed in the earthquake and fire of 1906. Most of Crews' formal education came in San Jose, as the family had moved there following the remarriage of Crews' mother. Career In 1898, Crews performed in San Francisco as an ingenue with the Alcazar Stock Company. Two years later, she and her mother moved to New York City, where Crews began to act with the Henry V. Donnelly Stock Company. Crews appeared in plays written by A.A. Milne, who was particularly impressed by her work in his Mr. Pim Passes By (1921). The play was a big success and ran for 232 performances on Broadway. In 1924 she starred in The Werewolf for a run of 112 Broadway performances. Crews also starred as Judith Bliss in the original Broadway production of Noël Coward's Hay Fever (1925), which she co-directed with Coward. She also appeared in The Silver Cord, written by Sidney Howard, which was produced by the New York Theater Guild in 1926 and ran for 212 performances. When The Silver Cord was not being presented, there were matinee performances of Right You Are If You Think You Are by Luigi Pirandello. The Silver Cord was later made into a 1933 RKO movie with Crews reprising her onstage role of the mother. The film co-starred Joel McCrea, Frances Dee, and Irene Dunne. In the late 1920s, and because of her years as a stage actress, Crews had been hired as a voice coach by Gloria Swanson to help with her transition to talking pictures. George Cukor, who had directed her in Camille (1936), recommended her for the role of Aunt Pittypat in Gone with the Wind (1939) after Billie Burke declined it. Cukor wanted Crews to play the role \"in a Billie Burke-ish manner\" with \"the same zany feeling\". Her final stage appearance came in 1942, in the original Broadway run of Arsenic and Old Lace in which she replaced one of the original cast members. She stayed with the production for more than a year and a half on Broadway and in a touring company before she was forced to leave because of illness. Death Crews died in the LeRoy Sanitarium in New York City in 1942, following an illness of four months. Some sources say that the illness in which", "title": "Laura Hope Crews" }, { "docid": "21340893", "text": "The Substitute: Failure Is Not An Option (also known as The Substitute 4) is a 2001 action thriller film directed by Robert Radler and starring Treat Williams as Karl Thomasson, a former mercenary who must infiltrate a military school's faculty to stop the actions of a white supremacist cult. The film is the fourth and final installment in The Substitute series and was released direct-to-video. Plot Captain Karl Thomasson, an ex-Special Forces soldier and retired mercenary, is approached by his old army buddy Teague who gives him a mission: working undercover at a military school where Ted, Teague's nephew, is one of the cadets. Teague believes that the cadets and the student faculty are part of a group of white supremacist neo nazis called the Werewolf Unit. Officially, the werewolves are a special unit being run at the school. Karl accepts the mission and begins working as a history teacher at the school, seeking to expose and eradicate the unit. While investigating, Karl teams up with Devlin, a martial arts teacher at the school who served with Karl in the U.S. Army. They learn that Colonel J.C. Brack is leader of the unit and Ted is one of the cult members. Cast Treat Williams as Captain Karl Thomasson, former U.S. Special Forces soldier and mercenary. Thomasson states in this film that he earned his Doctorate in contemporary literature. Angie Everhart as Dr. Jenny Chamberlain, an attractive doctor at the academy and Karl's love interest. Patrick Kilpatrick as Colonel J.C. Brack, the military academy's Commanding officer and founder of the Werewolf Unit. Bill Nunn as Luther, an ex-soldier who works as a janitor at the military academy. Tim Abell as Sergeant Devlin, an ex-soldier who works as a martial arts teacher at the academy. Grayson Fricke as Ted Teague, cadet and Werewolf Unit member who later regrets joining it. Simon Rhee as Lim, Korean mercenary who is a Drill Instructor of the Werewolf Unit. David Leitch as Van, mercenary who is a Drill Instructor of the Werewolf Unit. Scott Miles as Buckner, racist cadet and the cadet commander of the academy and of the Werewolf Unit. Brian Beegle as Frey, Ted's best friend and Werewolf Unit member. Samantha Thomas as Harmon, bossy female cadet and Werewolf Unit member. Jonathan Michael Weatherly as Malik, a cadet at the academy. Lori Beth Edgeman as Cunningham, female cadet who is picked on by Harmon. Moe Michaels as Robson, a cadet at the academy. J. Don Ferguson as General Robert Teague, Karl's old war buddy and Ted's uncle. K.C. Powe as Sissy Brack, waitress at a bar and Brack's daughter. Lonnie R. Smith Jr. as Yulee, mercenary and Thomasson's friend. Laura-Shay Griffin as Dixie, waitress at the local bar. Reception Robert Pardi of TV Guide rated it 2/4 stars and wrote that the film, though preposterous, is tolerable if one lowers their expectations. Aaron Beirle of DVD Talk rated it 0.5/5 stars and wrote, \"Even for the low-budget action (or, as I call it 'cable", "title": "The Substitute: Failure Is Not an Option" }, { "docid": "3971835", "text": "Scooby-Doo! and the Reluctant Werewolf is a 1988 animated comedy horror made-for-television film produced by Hanna-Barbera for syndication as part of the Hanna-Barbera Superstars 10 series. It marked Scrappy-Doo's last appearance as a protagonist in the Scooby-Doo franchise to date; he would not appear in a Scooby-Doo production again until the live-action Scooby-Doo film in 2002. It is also the last appearance of Shaggy's outfit from The 13 Ghosts of Scooby-Doo until Scooby-Doo and the Cyber Chase. Plot Every year, all of the classic Hollywood monsters (consisting of Frankenstein's monster, his wife Repulsa, a Mummy, the Witch Sisters, Bone Jangles the Skeleton, Dr. Jackyll/Mr. Snyde, Swamp Thing, and Dragonfly) gather at Count Dracula's castle in Transylvania for the \"Monster Road Rally\", a road race similar to Wacky Races, awarding the winner with the \"Monster of the Year\" award as well as many other macabre prizes as announced by Dracula's wife and co-host, Vanna Pira. However, this year, Dracula receives a postcard from the Wolfman stating that he has retired to Florida and thus will not be participating in any further races. Dracula fears he will have to cancel the race due to this sudden absence, until his lion-like manservant Wolfgang notifies him of a way to create a new werewolf: according to an old spellbook, the full moon will come into the perfect position to transform a human into a werewolf every five centuries, on three nights in a row that begin the following night. The one in line to become the next werewolf is revealed to be none other than Shaggy Rogers, whom coincidentally has won a recent car race with the help of his pit crew, Scooby-Doo, and his young nephew Scrappy-Doo. Dracula sends his hunchbacked henchmen, \"The Hunch Bunch\" (consisting of the well-civilized Brunch and the gibberish-speaking Crunch), on a mission to America to turn Shaggy into a werewolf and bring him back to his castle for the race. The first two nights, the duo is unsuccessful, but on the final night, while Shaggy is at a drive-in movie along with his girlfriend Googie, the Hunch Bunch manages to expose Shaggy to moonlight by dropping the sunroof of his customized race car, causing Shaggy to be transformed into a werewolf. However, Shaggy's hiccups surprisingly force him to alternate between human and werewolf. Hearing the other movie watchers speaking of a werewolf loose in the theater, Scooby hides in a nearby car. Upon meeting Scooby and seeing his reflection, Shaggy flees the drive-in with his car with Scooby, Scrappy, and Googie in tow, pursued by the Hunch Bunch, but loses his hiccups in the pursuit and thus remains trapped in werewolf form. The Hunch Bunch then knocks the group out with moon dust from their vehicle, the \"Bat-Copter\", and fly back to Transylvania, towing the car. Revealing himself, Dracula explains to Shaggy why he was transformed, but Shaggy, having no desire to be a werewolf, refuses to participate in Dracula's plans. After several failed attempts to extort Shaggy,", "title": "Scooby-Doo! and the Reluctant Werewolf" }, { "docid": "44761863", "text": "Werewolf Rising is a 2014 horror film written and directed by BC Furtney. The film was released to DVD in the United Kingdom on 22 September 2014 and was later released in the United States on 14 October. It stars Bill Oberst Jr. and Melissa Carnell, who portrays a young woman that finds herself the unwitting prey of a werewolf. Synopsis A woman is taken hostage by a man named Rhett, but they are attacked by a monster. The woman is killed, and Rhett escapes, now cursed with the creature's bloodline. Emma, struggling with alcoholism, seeks solace at her family's old homestead. She experiences nightmares and encounters Johnny Lee, Wayne's nephew, who is revealed to be an escaped convict. Wayne warns Emma about Johnny Lee and gives her a gun for protection. Emma spends time with Johnny Lee, but he is attacked by a werewolf and defends himself with a wooden splinter. Wayne's advances toward Emma turn aggressive, and she rejects him. She finds Johnny Lee wounded and brings him to her place, where he seemingly dies but later disappears. Johnny Lee recovers, but his behavior becomes animalistic. Emma tries to find him but is tormented by the werewolf. Wayne, in a drunken state, goes to Emma's cabin to apologize and ends up shooting Johnny Lee and Emma. Rhett, the other escaped convict, appears and reveals his knowledge about Emma's past. Wayne shoots Rhett but is killed by the werewolf. Emma defends herself with a knife and escapes the cabin. Emma encounters a woman named Beatrix who lures the werewolf to them. Beatrix is killed, and Emma confronts Rhett, who encourages her to embrace her inner power. Emma begins to transform. In a post-credit scene, Emma goes to a neighbor's home, pleading for help as she writhes in pain. An older woman approaches and asks if she can help. As the screen fades to black, Emma's face can be seen as she roars, going in for the kill. Cast Melissa Carnell as Emma Brian Berry as Wayne Dobbs Matt Copko as Johnny Lee Taylor Horneman as Werewolf Danielle Lozeau as Christina Irena Murphy as Beatrix Bill Oberst Jr. as Rhett Julia Jacome Teagan Grinwis Jessie Lewis Myles Adkin Reception Critical reception for Werewolf Rising has been predominantly negative. Reviewers for Bloody Disgusting panned the film and both criticized the movie's special effects, while also agreeing that Oberst Jr. was the \"only bright spot in the film\". Starburst also criticized the film, negatively comparing the plot premise to Juan Martínez Moreno's 2012 film Game of Werewolves. Ain't It Cool News praised Werewolf Rising and wrote that \"while there are some trips along the way in terms of acting and effects, WEREWOLF RISING gets points for trying something new.\" References External links 2014 films 2014 horror films American werewolf films 2010s English-language films 2010s American films Films directed by BC Fourteen", "title": "Werewolf Rising" }, { "docid": "40401871", "text": "Yvonne Fedderson (born Yvonne Glee Lime; April 7, 1935) is an American philanthropist and retired actress. She was married to producer Don Fedderson. She appeared on screen from 1956 to 1968. Thereafter, she devoted much of her time to philanthropy. She played the starring role of Joyce Martin in the movie \"High School Hellcats\" (1958), and played Arlene Logan in I Was a Teenage Werewolf (1957). Background Lime graduated in 1953 from Glendale High School, having obtained a special permit to attend there, rather than the otherwise assigned Hoover High School. After high school, Lime attended the Pasadena Playhouse, where her performance in a production of Eugene O'Neill's Ah, Wilderness! attracted the attention of an agent. This landed her into the recurring part of Dottie Snow on twelve episodes of Robert Young's situation comedy, Father Knows Best. She played a friend of Betty Anderson. Acting and philanthropy Lime's first film appearance was in The Rainmaker (1956), as Snookie Maguire. In 1957, she was cast in films, in an uncredited part as Sally in Elvis Presley's Loving You and in Michael Landon's I Was a Teenage Werewolf, and with top billing in Dragstrip Riot (1958). She and TV producer Don Fedderson married in 1969, and had a daughter, Dionne Fedderson; he had seven children from two previous marriages After she married Fedderson, Lime left acting to concentrate her time to philanthropy. In the 1950s, she entertained American troops stationed in Japan. Lime and actress Sara Buckner O'Meara, who met when they were guest stars on The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet, launched International Orphans Inc., a charity that built and maintained four orphanages in Japan and five orphanages, a hospital, and a school in Vietnam. Lime and O'Meara later devoted their efforts to assist neglected children in the United States and renamed their group, Childhelp, an organization based in Scottsdale, Arizona. The two were also involved in Operation Babylift at the time of the American military evacuation during the Fall of Saigon. From 1960 to 1961, Lime co-starred as Sally Day on the NBC sitcom Happy. She and Ronnie Burns played owners of a motel in southern California who have a talking baby, Happy. She also appeared in varying roles from 1956 to 1958 in eleven episodes of The George Burns and Gracie Allen Show. Lime's first television appearance was on her future husband's The Millionaire as Eileen in \"The Story of Jane Costello.\" She appeared in 1956 as Mary Lou Carter in the episode, \"The Select Females,\" of the CBS/series The Adventures of Jim Bowie. In 1957, she portrayed Gloria Binks in the Hardy Boys serial, The Mystery of the Ghost Farm. That same year she played Mary in \"A Coney Island Wedding\" on the ABC series Crossroads. In 1958, she played Iris on \"Ladies' Aide\", an episode of The People's Choice. From 1959 to 1961, she appeared twice each on two CBS sitcoms, The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis and Bringing Up Buddy. Lime also was cast in episodes", "title": "Yvonne Lime" }, { "docid": "68033787", "text": "Under a Blood Red Moon is an adventure module released in June 1993 by White Wolf Publishing for use with either of their tabletop role-playing games Vampire: The Masquerade and Werewolf: The Apocalypse, and is a part of the World of Darkness series. It is set in and around Chicago, and follows the conflict between the local vampire and werewolf communities; players take the roles of werewolves, or vampires belonging to the Camarilla or Sabbat sects. The book was developed by Bill Bridges and Andrew Greenberg and written by Steven C. Brown, and is an early example of a cross-over between different role-playing games. It was well received by critics for its role-playing opportunities and writing, but retrospectively criticized for how the game mechanics of vampire and werewolf characters do not work perfectly together. It also performed well commercially, and like with other Werewolf: The Apocalypse books, part of the profits from sales were donated toward environmental protection. Overview Under a Blood Red Moon is a cross-over adventure module intended to be used with the World of Darkness tabletop role-playing games Vampire: The Masquerade and Werewolf: The Apocalypse. It is set in and around Chicago, where players role-play as either vampires or werewolves in a conflict between the local vampire and werewolf communities. The book is split into chapters, each of which contains three viewpoints: werewolves, and members of two vampire sects – the Camarilla and the Sabbat, who in turn are in conflict with each other. The book also contains information for how to play the scenario as human vampire hunters or as the mummies of the book Mummy. The story begins differently depending on what roles the players take: for werewolves, it begins with a meeting about vampire activity in Chicago; for Camarilla vampires, it begins with a werewolf attack on the Succubus Club, a vampire club in Chicago, after which the local Camarilla prince Lodin calls for a blood hunt on werewolves; and for Sabbat vampires, it begins with their sect sending an envoy to collaborate with the Black Spiral Dancers, a fallen werewolf faction. Following this, the werewolves hunt vampires and sabotage escape routes from the city to keep them trapped, while the Sabbat tries to get Camarilla vampires killed. Attacks and counter-attacks continue, including the killing of Lodin, and the outcome of the adventure is affected by the players' actions. In addition to the scenario, the book contains information on sacred places to werewolves around Chicago for storytellers to use in their campaigns, details about intrigues in Chicago, and game mechanics and rules for werewolves who have been embraced by a vampire and turned undead, referred to as \"abominations\". Production Under a Blood Red Moon was developed by Bill Bridges and Andrew Greenberg, and written by Steven C. Brown, with art direction by Richard Thomas, interior art by Jeff Rebner, Dan Smith, Joshua Gabriel Timbrook, and Ron Spencer, and cover art by Tony Harris. It was designed with war as the main theme, exploring topics", "title": "Under a Blood Red Moon" }, { "docid": "11923004", "text": "Hangman is the name of two fictional characters appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Harlan Krueger Fictional character biography Harlan Krueger was born in Los Angeles, California. He was a fanatical moviegoer who idolized movie stars of the past (such as John Wayne, Humphrey Bogart, and Alan Ladd). He identified with these heroic figures, developing a simplistic view of good and evil in real life, deciding that evildoers should pay for their crimes with their lives. After being court-martialed from the army for torturing prisoners of war, Krueger resolved to take the law into his own hands and became the masked vigilante the Hangman. His modus operandi involved executing male criminals while leaving female ones alive but imprisoned to 'protect them' from corruption (many died of starvation while in captivity). After years of stalking criminals with a noose and scythe, he came into conflict with the Werewolf by Night. He later battled the Werewolf again and DePrayve. Hangman then seemingly allied with Doctor Glitternight and Moon Knight against the Werewolf. However, all three of them were illusions created by the ghost of the 19th century black magician Belaric Marcosa. Hangman next stalked one of the Brothers Grimm, who had been stealing from diamond merchants. Mistaking one Brother Grimm (Jake) for his target (William), he pursued him to a pyrotechnics building and saw him seemingly die in an explosion. He was later one of the criminals captured by the Locksmith and Tiktok. While attending a Hollywood costume party held for the premiere of a horror movie to 'purge' yet more 'unworthy souls' (in other words, target members of the film industry for execution), the Hangman killed a disguised woman, thus inadvertently violating his own moral code. As he knelt over the corpse in remorse, he was apparently fatally stabbed in the back by film reviewer Matthew O'Brien, who had been trying to stop the Hangman from his latest killing spree, impaling the Hangman on his own scythe. Powers and abilities Harlan Krueger was an athletic man with no superhuman powers. He carried a length of half-inch hemp rope, terminating in a hangman's noose. He also used a harvesting scythe with an eight-foot wooden handle and curved four-foot single-edged steel blade. He received Army hand-to-hand combat training. Krueger had extensive knowledge of American cinema, particularly the films of the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s. Jason Roland Fictional character biography Jason Roland was an aspiring actor who made a deal with a demon (later revealed to be Satannish) to make his career successful. He was trapped in a monstrous form and hid out for years. He eventually encountered the Night Shift and convinced them to deal with Satannish to increase their powers. They were defeated by the Avengers West Coast. Satannish later used the Hangman as part of his Lethal Legion, made up of some of the most notorious figures in history given superhuman powers; for example, Stalin transformed into the superstrong giant Coldsteel. Mephisto aided the Avengers West Coast in", "title": "Hangman (Marvel Comics)" }, { "docid": "30360948", "text": "Chillerama is an American 2011 horror comedy anthology film consisting of four stories (or segments) that take place at a drive-in theater playing monster movies. Each segment is a homage to a different genre and style. The first is \"Wadzilla\" and was directed and written by Adam Rifkin spoofing 1950s monster movies. The second segment is \"I Was a Teenage Werebear\" and was directed and written by Tim Sullivan which parodies Rebel Without a Cause and Grease and is set in the American 1960s. The third is called \"The Diary of Anne Frankenstein\" and was directed and written by Adam Green and spoofs Frankenstein and The Diary of Anne Frank. The last segment is \"Zom-B-Movie\", a spoof of zombie films, and was directed and written by Joe Lynch. Filming took place in late 2010 and premiered FrightFest on August 27, 2011. On September 29, 2011, it was released to video on demand and on DVD and Blu-ray on November 29, 2011. Development Adam Rifkin and Tim Sullivan met while working on Detroit Rock City and quickly discovered they shared a mutual love of horror, monster and drive-in B-movies, so they began developing an idea to make an anthology called Famous Monsters of Filmland, loosely based on the magazine they had grown up reading, and with each short dedicated to a different era in film. First they came up with names and mock-up posters for each of the mini-features: The Diary of Anne Frankenstein (1940s), I Was a Teenage Vampire (1950s) Zombie Drive-In (1960s) and Werewolf of Alcatraz (1970s). A deal with Famous Monsters magazine fell through, so it was pitched as a weekly MTV series to be hosted by KISS frontman Gene Simmons, but reality television was beginning to dominate American households, so the project was shelved. A few years later, Rifkin and Sullivan met with directors Adam Green and Joe Lynch at Rainbow Bar and Grill, and the idea resurfaced. Soon the quartet decided to make Chillerama as an independently produced film, with Green's studio, ArieScope Pictures, serving as the headquarters of operations. Due to estimated budgetary constraints, Werewolf of Alcatraz was dropped and replaced with Wadzilla; I Was a Teenage Vampire was changed to Teenage Werebear at Lynch's behest; Zombie Drive-In became Zom-B-Movie; and a fifth short called Deathication was added to the drive-in sequence to mislead viewers. \"Wadzilla\" Premise \"Wadzilla\" is a spoof on 1950s monster movies and is about \"a guy that goes to get his sperm count raised, and it creates one big sperm that attacks New York City\". Cast Adam Rifkin as Miles Munson Sarah Mutch as Louise Owen Benjamin as Larry Ray Wise as Dr. Weems Eric Roberts as General Bukkake Lin Shaye as Baglady Tania Raymonde as Zelda Tracy Dawson as Molly Summer Altice as Andie Sumner Olivia Taylor Dudley as Nurse Unger Ron Jeremy as Capitan Fatso Production It was directed and written by Adam Rifkin, who also stars in the film. Special effects were done by The Chiodo Brothers. \"I", "title": "Chillerama" }, { "docid": "3454511", "text": "Vincent Ernest Vieluf (pronounced Vee-loff; born November 10, 1970) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles in Rat Race, Grind, and the short-lived UPN sitcom Love, Inc. Life and career Vieluf was born in Joliet, Illinois, and spent most of his youth in Portland, Texas. He has starred in such movies as An American Werewolf in Paris, Rat Race, National Lampoon's Barely Legal, and Grind. He also played in a made-for-TV movie called Snow Wonder. Vieluf has also appeared on the television hits ER and Friends In 2006 he had a role in the suspense thriller Firewall as vicious henchman Pim. Vieluf played the dumbfound Blaine Cody in the 2001 comedy Rat Race. Before Rat Race, Vieluf appeared in An American Werewolf in Paris and Clay Pigeons. In 2006, Vieluf appeared as a jock version of Wolverine in the parody flick Epic Movie. One of his television appearances (if not his first) was in 1997's On the Edge of Innocence. Vieluf made an appearance on the hit series Friends in 2001. His character, Ned, pretended to be in love with his professor Ross in order to pass a test. He is also a star in UPN's sitcom Love, Inc. as Barry, a wingman whose quirky ways and comments always stun the customers and employees. Vieluf made an appearance on the television series ER as Bernard Gamely. He has also appeared in three episodes of CSI: Crime Scene Investigation playing Connor Foster in the episodes \"Homebodies\", \"Ending Happy\" and \"Disarmed and Dangerous\". Additionally, he appeared in the spinoff series CSI: Miami as Gil Callem. Vieluf was the director and writer of the 2010 film Order of Chaos. Filmography Sources: References External links 1970 births Living people American male film actors American male television actors Actors from Joliet, Illinois Male actors from Illinois People from Portland, Texas", "title": "Vince Vieluf" }, { "docid": "4768997", "text": "John Ashley (December 25, 1934 – October 3, 1997) was an American actor, producer and singer. He was best known for his work as an actor in films for American International Pictures, producing and acting in horror films shot in the Philippines, and for producing various television series, including The A-Team. Early life Ashley never knew his unmarried parents who gave him up for adoption. He was adopted by a doctor, Roger Atchley and his wife Lucille, and reared in Tulsa, Oklahoma, where he had a younger sister, Kathryn. He attended Will Rogers High School in Tulsa, where he was a champion wrestler, then went to Oklahoma State University in Stillwater on a wrestling scholarship, where he earned a bachelor's degree in economics. Acting career While still in college, Ashley was holidaying in California. He visited an alumnus of his college fraternity, Sigma Chi, who was a press agent who represented Dick Powell and John Wayne. The agent took him to the set of The Conqueror (1956), where he met Wayne, who had also belonged to Sigma Chi. Wayne was impressed with the young man's good looks and set him up with an interview with William Castle. Castle was then making the TV anthology series Men of Annapolis, and was looking for someone to play a role that involved wrestling. Ashley's wrestling experience helped him get the job, and he did two episodes of the series, which helped him get an agent. American International Pictures Ashley broke into films when he accompanied a girlfriend to an audition at American International Pictures for a part in Dragstrip Girl (1957), directed by Edward L. Cahn. \"We had a date at 6 p.m. but first she had to read for a part in a movie\", he later recalled. \"I was sitting in American International Picture's waiting room and a guy walked out and said, `Have we read everyone? What about this young man here?' It was the old Hollywood story -- I got a part in the film and she didn't.\" He ended up getting the part as the villain; his audition included an Elvis Presley impersonation. AIP signed Ashley to a four-picture non-exclusive contract expected to run for two years. Dragstrip Girl was a success relative to its small budget. Ashley became a particular favorite of the daughters of James H. Nicholson, one of the main figures at AIP, and Nicholson always hoped Ashley would become a big star. Ashley unsuccessfully auditioned for the lead in I Was a Teenage Werewolf (1957) but appeared in several of AIP's other movies. Ashley's second role for AIP, Motorcycle Gang (1957), was almost identical to Dragstrip Girl (it was again directed by Cahn). By this stage, Ashley had been drafted, and production was held up until he completed his basic training and could go on leave. Ashley only served six months in the Army, at the Presidio in San Francisco. AIP got an early release for him to appear in a war film, Suicide Battalion", "title": "John Ashley (actor)" }, { "docid": "33495307", "text": "Monster Brawl is a 2011 independent Canadian horror comedy film directed by Jesse Thomas Cook. Plot The film depicts a wrestling-style fight to the death set inside an abandoned and cursed graveyard, shown in a pay-per-view style atmosphere. The fighters are eight classic movie monsters – Cyclops, Swamp Gut, Frankenstein's Monster, Lady Vampire, Werewolf, Mummy, Witch Bitch and Zombie Man. Acting as play-by‐play announcer is Buzz Chambers (Dave Foley) with color commentating by former champ Sasquatch Sid (Art Hindle). The Brawl itself is divided into two classes: The Creature class and the Undead class. For the Creatures: Cyclops, Werewolf, Witch Bitch and Swamp Gut. For the Undead: Lady Vampire, Zombie Man, The Mummy and Frankenstein. Each round is preceded by the origin of the combatants. For the first round, Cyclops, revealed to have received a message of the tournament goes to prove himself to the world and eventually to crush Hades who had cursed him with his foreseeing eye, while Witch Bitch is recruited by a diminutive troll named Grub who is a renowned monster combat trainer to overcome her small village's hatred of her through fear and dominance. As their combat starts off, Cyclops clearly has the advantage, but Witch Bitch is tenacious and fights viciously. As the combat ensues, she attempts to slam and pin the Cyclops down, her efforts leading to an illegal move called by the referee. Cyclops counters her attacks by bringing out a small mallet to brutally bludgeon her. Her retaliation is by whipping out a carving knife and attacking, inadvertently slashing the ref's throat in the process. She tries to blind Cyclops, but he turns his legendary optic beam on her, melting her face clean off and killing her. Outraged by the loss, Grub attempts to attack the Cyclops, only to be decapitated in a single punch. Cyclops stands as winner for round one. Round two faces off the mummy, who was the subject of a national search when he escaped from his crate at a museum and killed the loading dock worker there, while Lady Vampire is hunted in her mysterious home by a man who tries to gun her down, only to be bitten and chased off in fear. Mummy has the advantage of no blood or feeling to the vampire's throws and attacks. He out-muscles most of her attacks and keeps on coming, he blinds her and knocks her out with a sleeper hold. But when he goes to get a wooden stake and bring it back, she revives and continues to wail on him. He has a brief advantage with his magical amulet that harnesses the power of the sun, burning half of Lady Vampire's face. But she throws him from the ring, separating him from his amulet, after hitting him with a tombstone, she punches him through his chest, ripping out his black heart and killing him. She is declared the winner of the Undead lightweight round. The third round, featuring the heavyweight combatants Werewolf and Swamp Gut,", "title": "Monster Brawl" }, { "docid": "1140236", "text": "Cycle of the Werewolf is a horror novella by American writer Stephen King, featuring illustrations by comic-book artist Bernie Wrightson. Each chapter is a short story unto itself. It tells the story of a werewolf haunting a small town as the moon turns full once every month. It was published as a limited-edition hardcover in 1983 by Land of Enchantment, and in 1985 as a mass-market trade paperback by Signet. King also wrote the screenplay for its film adaptation, Silver Bullet (1985). It is King's shortest novel to date at 127 pages, which makes it technically a novella. Synopsis The story is set in the fictional town of Tarker's Mills, Maine. Each chapter is a month on the calendar. A werewolf is viciously killing local citizens at each full moon, and the otherwise normal town is living in fear. The protagonist of the story is Marty Coslaw, a 10-year-old boy in a wheelchair. The story goes back and forth from the terrifying incidents to Marty's youthful day-to-day life and how the horror affects him. The werewolf's first victim is a railroad worker stuck in a tool-and-signal shack during a New Year's Day blizzard. Next is a woman in her bedroom who is depressed over not having a man on Valentine's Day, followed by a drifter on St. Patrick's, one of Marty's friends in the city park on April Fools, the janitor of the Grace Baptist Church on Homecoming Sunday in May, the owner of the town's only diner, the town constable while he sits in his pickup truck, a herd of hogs at a local farm on Labor Day, and finally an abusive husband around Thanksgiving. In July, the town's Independence Day fireworks have been cancelled. This is very upsetting to Marty, who has been looking forward to them all year. Feeling bad for his nephew, Marty's uncle brings him some fireworks, warning Marty to set them off really late so his mother will not find out. While outside enjoying his own private Independence Day celebration as the rest of his family is asleep, the werewolf attacks Marty, who manages to put out the monster's left eye with a package of firecrackers. The werewolf escapes and police ignore Marty's report because they are looking for a human murderer, not a werewolf. Marty is sent away to Vermont to stay with family for the rest of the summer. As the year continues, the bloodshed occurs again every full moon. Fall comes and so does Halloween. To celebrate, Marty goes trick-or-treating with his father. While out, he sees Reverend Lowe, the local Baptist preacher, wearing an eyepatch, and he realizes that the Reverend is the monster. However, Lowe does not recognize Marty, as his face is covered by a Yoda mask. Marty, whose family is Catholic, never attend services at Lowe's church, which is why he did not work out the werewolf's identity sooner. Over the next few weeks, Marty sends the pastor anonymous letters asking him why he does not kill", "title": "Cycle of the Werewolf" }, { "docid": "36847785", "text": "Panagiota Spiridakos (), known professionally as Tracy Spiridakos (), is a Canadian actress. She starred as Becky Richards on the Teletoon children's comedy series Majority Rules! from 2009 to 2010. She then starred as Charlotte \"Charlie\" Matheson on the NBC post-apocalyptic science fiction series Revolution from 2012 to 2014, for which she was nominated for a Saturn Award for Best Actress on Television. She played Annika Johnson on the A&E television drama Bates Motel. Since 2017, Spiridakos has starred on the NBC police drama Chicago P.D. playing the role of Detective Hailey Upton. Early life Spiridakos was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba, to Greek-born parents, restaurant owners George and Anastasia Spiridakos. She has two brothers. The family moved to her father's hometown, Skala, south of Sparta, a few years after she was born, and returned to Canada in 1992. She strongly identifies with her Greek heritage and speaks fluent Greek. Spiridakos began acting in junior high school, and studied at the Actors Training Centre of Manitoba. She graduated from Oak Park High School in Winnipeg in 2000. Career Spiridakos moved to Vancouver in 2007 to pursue acting, and within weeks landed her first television role, a small part on Supernatural. She continued working in television, with walk-on roles on Bionic Woman, The L Word, Hellcats, and Psych. Spiridakos appeared in the TV movie Goblin, and the web series Mortal Kombat: Legacy. She also had a recurring role on Being Human as werewolf Brynn McLean. In 2009, she won her first starring role in the Canadian Teletoon series Majority Rules!, playing 15-year-old Becky Richards. She made her feature film debut in 2011 with Rise of the Planet of the Apes, and filmed the low-budget Michael Greenspan-helmed thriller, Kill for Me, starring across from Donal Logue and Katie Cassidy. Spiridakos appeared as Sammi in the 2012 Nickelodeon original movie, Rags. She then landed a lead role on the NBC television series Revolution as Charlotte \"Charlie\" Matheson, a survivalist in a dystopian future civilization. She auditioned for the role while attending her first pilot season in Los Angeles. Spiridakos shot the pilot in Atlanta, and filmed the first season in Wilmington, North Carolina. She was nominated for a Saturn Award for Best Actress on Television for her performance in the first season, losing out to Fringe's Anna Torv. Production moved to Austin, Texas for the series' second season. Spiridakos guest starred on season 3 of the Showtime sitcom, Episodes, as Dawn, a daughter of character Morning Randolph (Mircea Monroe). In August 2014, Spiridakos helped to raise awareness of the disease ALS by participating in the Ice Bucket Challenge. Spiridakos began a recurring role on the A&E television drama, Bates Motel in 2015, playing Annika Johnson, a prostitute who arrives at the hotel at the start of the third season. She will also star opposite Jonathan Rhys Meyers in the romantic comedy Byrd & the Bees, directed by Finola Hughes. Spiridakos filmed an untitled television pilot for CBS in 2015, directed by Pamela Fryman. She", "title": "Tracy Spiridakos" }, { "docid": "60738196", "text": "Werewolf: The Apocalypse – Earthblood is a 2021 action role-playing game developed by Cyanide and published by Nacon. The game is based on White Wolf Publishing's tabletop role-playing game Werewolf: The Apocalypse, and is part of the larger World of Darkness series. The story follows Cahal, an eco-terrorist werewolf who has been banished from his werewolf tribe, and who fights against the Pentex corporation and the pollution it causes. The player, as Cahal, traverses areas in the American Northwest, and can shapeshift into a wolf, human or werewolf form to perform various tasks, such as exploration, conversation and combat. Werewolf: The Apocalypse – Earthblood was released for PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Windows, Xbox One, and Xbox Series X on February 4, 2021. The game received generally mixed reviews from critics. Gameplay Werewolf: The Apocalypse – Earthblood is a third-person, single-player action role-playing game in which the player takes the role of an eco-terrorist werewolf. The player explores various areas in the American Northwest, in the form of large hub worlds. Within these areas, the player plays through missions, which may have effects on the game world, including leading to secondary missions getting unlocked. The player also goes to Penumbra, a place between the physical world and the spirit world, where they can receive sidequests or challenges from the Great Spirit of the Waterfall, who gives the player rewards for completing them, such as opening shortcuts between areas. The werewolf is a shapeshifter, and can take on the forms of a wolf and a human in addition to his werewolf form. Each form has its own gameplay mechanics tied to it: the wolf form is used for exploration, tracking, spying, and stealth, as well as being able to pass through narrow passages; the human form is used for interactions, such as using machines and conversing with people; and the werewolf form is used for combat. When in the human form, other characters are not aware that the player character really is a werewolf, allowing the player to go undercover. The player develops the werewolf through a skill tree, where they can choose between different archetypes connected to different weaknesses and strengths. The player also has access to various supernatural power-ups, which are drawn from nature. The gameplay involves management of the player character's rage: the werewolf's rage rises as he learns about problems humans have caused, such as pollution and greed. If the player lets the werewolf's rage overflow, the werewolf will enter a frenzy state and turn into a violent, monstrous beast. When in the frenzy state, the werewolf is more powerful, but also finds it more difficult to parse information, such as whether a character is an enemy or an innocent, and will draw the attention of enemies. Once in the frenzy state, the only way to break out of it is to kill all who are present, regardless of if they are enemies or not. Synopsis Setting Earthblood takes place in the American Northwest, and is set in", "title": "Werewolf: The Apocalypse – Earthblood" }, { "docid": "59921467", "text": "Zombies 2 is a 2020 American musical and dance Disney Channel Original Movie that premiered on Disney Channel on February 14, 2020. A sequel to the 2018 Disney Channel Original Movie Zombies, the film stars Milo Manheim and Meg Donnelly, and features Trevor Tordjman, Kylee Russell, and Carla Jeffery reprising their roles from the first movie, with Chandler Kinney, Pearce Joza, and Baby Ariel joining the cast. The film shows the zombies and cheerleaders, who have mostly since reconciled from the events of the first film, attempting to coexist and assimilate werewolves into the town of Seabrook. A sequel, Zombies 3, was released in July 2022. Plot Prior to the founding of Seabrook, settlers fought off a group of werewolves for control over an energy artifact, later known as the moonstone. At the opening of the film, the zombies have reunited with and assimilated into the rest of Seabrook. Zed plans to ask Addison to Prawn, the Seabrook equivalent of Prom, while Addison captains a group of new recruits to compete against veteran cheerleaders coached by Bucky. Soon after, though, Bucky announces his candidacy for class president which means that the cheer captaincy will go to someone else; Addison hopes to succeed Bucky. The movie then fast-forwards to a bus carrying the cheerleaders enters the nearby forbidden forest, Addison and the cheerleaders spot werewolves, which upon report to the local government, causes the mayor to reinstate anti-monster laws. Zombies are banned from Prawn, so to combat the new laws, Zed decides to run for class president to go to Prawn with Addison. Meanwhile, the local werewolves' power-granting moonstone necklaces are losing their power. Werewolf prophecy states that a girl with white hair known as the Great Alpha will lead them to this moonstone, so the werewolves enroll at Seabrook to contact Addison. Zed attempts to gain their vote for him by offering them advice on how to assimilate into Seabrook, which the werewolves ignore in favor of embracing their werewolf traits. Noticing Addison's white hair, Wyatt, a high-ranking werewolf, invites her to their den, where they tell her the prophecy and give her a fully charged moonstone necklace, which they have saved for the Great Alpha. If she is truly a werewolf, wearing it will cause her to transform. The werewolves give her one day to decide, and reveal that the destruction of the power plant will cause the destruction of the moonstone buried underneath it. The next day, Addison shows Zed the necklace, but feeling jealous, Zed secretly takes it. Zed wins his presidential debate against Bucky, but when the Z-band shorts out due to the moonstone, Zed becomes a full zombie, losing the election. The werewolves head to Seabrook Power and face off against the demolition crew. The werewolves are arrested at the demolition site, but Addison, alerted by a siren at school, arrives with the cheerleaders and zombies, who get the adults to stop the demolition. After the demolition is postponed, Zed reveals to Addison that he", "title": "Zombies 2" }, { "docid": "10429698", "text": "Nature of the Beast is a television film starring Autumn Reeser and Eddie Kaye Thomas. A werewolf movie, it premiered on ABC Family in 2007 and ran several times during its \"13 Nights of Halloween\" feature. It was directed by Rodman Flender. This television film was shot in Toronto, Ontario. Plot Julia and Rich are engaged. Despite his protests, Julia succeeds in getting him to come to her family's mushroom moon harvest. Her overweight, pothead cousins search through his stuff, finding what they think are drugs and take them. As the full moon rises, Rich ruses back to his room to take the medicine, but finds it gone; he locks himself in a bathroom and transforms into a werewolf. Julia eventually discovers the truth, and after an argument (about her idiot cousins taking the medicine he needs to control the change), they reconcile their differences. Rich explains that when he was in college, a werewolf bit him on the rear when he and his buddies were climbing over a gate to escape. They plan to kill the Alpha werewolf, allowing him to be cured (Betas like himself can be cured by killing the Alpha if they have not taken a human life). Much to their shock, they find his best friend from College is the Alpha wolf, who forced him to transform to attack her. However, his love for her prevents him from harming her, allowing his human consciousness to take hold and allow him to kill the Alpha. At their wedding, he jokes about something sexual, prompting her to call him a beast. Cast Autumn Reeser as Julia Eddie Kaye Thomas as Rich Ely Henry as Garrett Critical reception The film received poor reviews. The Chicago Tribune called it \"a howler, but not in a good way.\" Cinema Crazed also panned the movie. References External links 2007 television films 2007 films ABC Family original films American werewolf films Films directed by Rodman Flender 2000s American films", "title": "Nature of the Beast (2007 film)" }, { "docid": "18880915", "text": "Brooke D'Orsay (born February 17, 1982) is a Canadian actress, best known for voicing the character of Caitlin Cooke on the Teletoon animated series 6teen (2004–2010) and Brooke Mayo in the 2005 movie King's Ransom. For American audiences, she is best known as Paige Collins-Lawson on Royal Pains and as Kate on Two and a Half Men. She played Deb on the Lifetime original series Drop Dead Diva and was in the Nickelodeon original movie The Boy Who Cried Werewolf as Paulina Von Eckberg. Since 2017, D'Orsay has become known for her performances in Hallmark Channel's Countdown to Christmas made-for-TV films. She also acted in a 2012 movie How to Fall in Love as Anni, a broke waitress/event planner who helps a high school friend as a 'dating coach' and falls in love in the process. Early life Brooke D'Orsay was born on February 17, 1982, in Toronto, Ontario. The D'Orsay family name is of Huguenot French origin. Career Her first major acting role was in 2001, in the movie Why Can't I Be a Movie Star? as Jennifer Kruz. D'Orsay followed with several roles in television: Ellen in Doc, Justine in Soul Food and Felicity Fury in four episodes of Ace Lightning. D'Orsay voiced Caitlin Cooke on the Teletoon animated series 6teen. She appeared on The Big Bang Theory as Christy in the episode \"The Dumpling Paradox\" and How I Met Your Mother as Margaret in the episode \"The Stinsons\". D'Orsay was the \"Nestea Girl\" in a long-running commercial for Nestea's \"Nestea Plunge\" campaign. She had a main role on Gary Unmarried as Sasha, the head boss of the sports radio network in which the series takes place. D'Orsay played Deb Dobkins, the dead model, in the Lifetime series Drop Dead Diva and was a cast member on the USA Network series Royal Pains as Paige Collins, wife of HankMed CFO Evan R. Lawson. She also starred in the Nickelodeon original movie The Boy Who Cried Werewolf (2010) as Paulina Von Eckberg and played Kate, Walden Schmidt's girlfriend, in a recurring role on Two and a Half Men in 2012–2014. Filmography Film Television References External links 1982 births Actresses from Toronto Canadian film actresses Canadian television actresses Canadian voice actresses Living people 21st-century Canadian actresses Canadian expatriate actresses in the United States", "title": "Brooke D'Orsay" }, { "docid": "911525", "text": "Werewolf: The Wild West is a tabletop role-playing game in the World of Darkness series, published by White Wolf Publishing on May 30, 1997. It is a spin-off from their 1992 game Werewolf: The Apocalypse, and is set in the Wild West in the 19th century. Players take the roles of werewolves, warring to defending the Pure Lands (the Americas) from corruption in the form of the mighty Bane called the Storm-Eater. Overview Werewolf: The Wild West is a tabletop role-playing game in the Weird West genre, where players take the roles of werewolves of various tribes and battle both internally and against the Bane spirit the Storm-Eater's minions. The game uses the Storyteller System. Production Werewolf: The Wild West was designed by Justin Achilli and Ethan Skemp, and was conceived as a \"savage West\" interpretation of the earlier World of Darkness game Werewolf: The Apocalypse, following publisher White Wolf Publishing's model of historical role-playing games based on previous games in the series; the other two were Vampire: The Dark Ages (1996) and Mage: The Sorcerers Crusade (1998). Out of these, only Vampire: The Dark Ages performed well commercially, and so Werewolf: The Wild West was moved to White Wolf Publishing's lower-budget imprint Arthaus in 1998, but it still remained commercially unsuccessful. In 2014, Onyx Path Publishing released Wyld West Expansion Pack, which ports the game to the 20th Anniversary Edition of Werewolf: The Apocalypse. Books Reception and legacy Backstab recommended the game for players new to the series, but thought it did not bring enough originality for players who had previously played Werewolf: The Apocalypse. Retrospectively, Achilli considered it a mistake to have tried to cover as big of a time period as they had in Werewolf: The Wild West. This influenced the development of the 2002 game Victorian Age: Vampire, which rather than taking place across the entirety of the Victorian era was limited to 1880–1897. Related media A deck of Werewolf: The Wild West poker cards was released simultaneously with the game on May 30, 1997. Laws of the Wyld West, a live-action role-playing game adaptation for White Wolf Publishing's game Mind's Eye Theatre, was released in 1999. References Further reading Werewolf: The Apocalypse Role-playing games introduced in 1997 Horror role-playing games Multigenre Western role-playing games", "title": "Werewolf: The Wild West" }, { "docid": "37429994", "text": "Ultimate Werewolf is a card game designed by Ted Alspach and published by Bézier Games. It is based on the social deduction game, Werewolf, which is Andrew Plotkin's reinvention of Dimitry Davidoff's 1987 game, Mafia. The Werewolf game appeared in many forms before Bézier Games published Ultimate Werewolf in 2008. Gameplay Ultimate Werewolf can be played with 5 to 75 players of all ages. Each player has an agenda: as a villager, hunt down the werewolves; as a werewolf, convince the other villagers that you are innocent, while secretly attacking those same villagers each night. A third major team working to kill off all others are the Vampires, who must kill both werewolves and villagers to win, and other neutral roles are available, each vying to achieve their own goals. Dozens of special roles are available to help both the villagers and the werewolves achieve their goals. The game has 12 unique roles being a set of sixteen fully illustrated cards, a moderator score pad to keep track of games, and a comprehensive game guide. (Sometimes packages come with a free poster.) Expansion packs Ultimate Werewolf: Classic Movie Monsters Ultimate Werewolf: Night Terrors Ultimate Werewolf: Artifacts Ultimate Werewolf: Urban Legends Ultimate Werewolf: Wolfpack Ultimate Werewolf: Hunting Party One Night Ultimate Werewolf One Night Ultimate Werewolf, published by Bézier Games, is based on a similar concept to Ultimate Werewolf although the differences are significant enough to change the style and feel of gameplay. The most notable difference between the two is that in One Night Ultimate Werewolf gameplay develops over a single \"night\", with only one round of plot development, voting and elimination. As such, games are typically time limited to a small number of minutes with players opting to play successive, unrelated games. This approach makes individual games shorter, does not exclude players who are eliminated early in the game (as in Ultimate Werewolf) and often prompts faster paced games. One Night Ultimate Werewolf also provides a smartphone app taking the role of the moderator, available on both iOS and Android platforms. The primary role of the app is to read out the moderator script, relieving the need for one of the players to take this impartial role, as required in Ultimate Werewolf. Editions Like Werewolf, a number of extension packs exist for One Night Ultimate Werewolf. One Night Ultimate Daybreak, One Night Ultimate Vampire and two bonus packs comprise additional character roles that can be used instead of or in combination with the roles from One Night Ultimate Werewolf. The One Night smartphone app enables players to include roles from any edition in a single game and adjusts the moderator script accordingly. Bézier games has released more games in the One Night Ultimate series: One Night Ultimate Alien and One Night Ultimate Super Villains. A legacy version of the game, Ultimate Werewolf Legacy, was published in 2018. One Night roles There is a general overlap between the roles of Ultimate Werewolf and One Night Ultimate Werewolf; however, the details", "title": "Ultimate Werewolf" }, { "docid": "11513627", "text": "Thrillville is the name of a monthly theater event in Oakland, California dedicated to showcasing B-movies, cult movies, science fiction films, and exploitation films. The event features a film (from one of those genres) combined with special guests and a live stage show, typically a musical or Burlesque act. Thrillville is hosted by Will \"the Thrill\" Viharo (son of B-movie actor Robert Viharo) and his wife, Monica \"Tiki Goddess\" Cortes. In addition to one-time showings, regular themed events include \"Shatfest: A Tribute to William Shatner,\" \"Elvis D-Day,\" \"Zombie-Rama\" and \"Horror Host Palooza.\" In addition movie trailers, short films, and theater concession advertisements have been shown before feature presentations. History Beginning as a weekly Saturday night series in 1997 at the Parkway Speakeasy Theater in Oakland, California. In 1999 the series changed to Thursday evenings and has continued for eight years under the name \"Thrillville.\" Live show In addition to the main film, the event features special guests and a live stage show, typically a musical or Burlesque act. Thrillville's guests over the years have included cult movie icon Ray Dennis Steckler, women from Russ Meyer films, Creature Features hosts Bob Wilkins and John Stanley, Yvonne \"Batgirl\" Craig, Gary Lockwood (from 2001: A Space Odyssey). Musical and entertainment acts have included various Neo Burlesque acts and live music from the Phenomenauts, Kitten on the Keys, Pollo Del Mar, Apocalypso Now and many more. Touring Road Show In addition to rotating between the two Speakeasy Theaters, Thrillville has occurred as a road show at locations that include: Caliente Tropics hotel (Palm Springs, California) the Fine Arts Cinema in Berkeley, California The Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive at UC Berkeley Ocean's 11 Remake Protest In December 2001, Thrillville protested the 2001 remake of the 1960 film Ocean's 11, calling the actors \"impostors\" and stating that the remake was \"an insult to the (Rat Pack's) legacy.\" This protest involved a group picketing outside Oakland's Jack London Cinemas and was featured by various nationwide news sources. Featured movies Thrillville resurrects both famous and obscure cult films for big screen revival in a Grindhouse type atmosphere with an old fashioned Ghost show format. Each Thrillville features a theme centered around a Cult, Exploitation, or other B-movie. Some randomly chosen film samples: Blood Feast (1963) The Girl Can't Help It (1956) Earth vs. the Flying Saucers (1956) Forbidden Planet (1956) Barbarella (1968) I Was a Teenage Werewolf (1957) Coffy (1973) Shanty Tramp (1967) The Vampire Lovers (1971) The Incredibly Strange Creatures Who Stopped Living and Became Mixed-Up Zombies (1964) Children Shouldn't Play with Dead Things (1971) Impulse (1975) Infra Man (1975) King Kong vs. Godzilla (1963) Viva Las Vegas (1964) Beach Blanket Bingo (1965) Monster of Piedras Blancas (1959) Night of the Bloody Apes (1969) Spider Baby (1965) The Astro-Zombies (1968) Dracula vs. Frankenstein (1971) Beast of the Yellow Night (1971) Beyond the Valley of the Dolls (1970) Hercules in the Haunted World (1961) Jason and the Argonauts (1963) White Heat (1949) Sweet Smell of", "title": "Thrillville (theater event)" }, { "docid": "14471709", "text": "Mexican Werewolf in Texas is a 2005 American direct-to-video horror film directed by Scott Maginnis and executive produced by Randy Mermell. The title is a reference to the 1981 horror comedy film An American Werewolf in London, which is in turn a reference to An American in Paris and Werewolf of London. Despite its name, Mexican Werewolf in Texas does not feature a werewolf, but the chupacabra or \"goat-sucker\" of Latin American folklore, which one character compares to a hairy wolf. It is one of a number of chupacabra-themed horror films released in the early 2000s, including several in 2005 alone. It received negative reviews. Critics felt the movie commented on racism in the United States. Plot In Furlough, a small Texas border town and self-proclaimed \"goat capital of the world,\" the mythical chupacabra has begun to terrorize the populace. At first it drains the blood from goats in the town, then starts targeting people with animal blood on them. As the deaths escalate and police dismiss the attacks, a group of townspeople decides to fight back. The film is narrated by Anna Furlough, a teenager who longs to escape the small town; other residents include her boyfriend Miguel Gonzalez, a computer nerd and son of veterinarian Manny; her best friend Rosie, a straight-A student who hopes to attend the University of Texas at Austin; her father Brad, an undertaker and former town scion; Jill Gillespie, the bubbly girlfriend of farmer's son Tommy who flashes the monster while on a hunt; and Cabot Speers, an eccentric \"alien hunter\" whom the teenagers hire to capture the creature and earn a bounty. The chupacabra continues to prey on the town, killing Tommy, Manny's daughter Maria, and Rosie (who brings a bag of raw meat on a monster hunt). Meanwhile, Anna's father, who disapproves of her relationship and harbors racist resentment against the town's increasing Mexican-American population, plots to kill Miguel and frame the chupacabra for the death. Brad dresses up in pelts to disguise himself as the chupacabra, wielding a meat-fork whose tines are meant to resemble the creature's fangs, and stalks the couple. Miguel, mistaking him for the actual chupacabra, shoots him upon Anna's urging. Cast Critical reception The film received largely poor reviews by horror writers. Nevertheless, critic Kim Newman noted that \"for a cheapie, [it] has more going on in [the] acting and scripting department as usual,\" author Barb Karg called it \"an eccentric lycan flick worthy of B-movie status,\" and University of New Mexico professor Jesse Alemán, in an overview of folklore creatures in horror movies, called it \"the better of the numerous Chupacabra films to crop up over the past few years.\" , a German-language reference work on all theatrical films and many direct-to-video films that have been released in Germany since 1945, said Mexican Werewolf in Texas \"can easily be read as a paraphrase of everyday racism in the U.S., which is questioned through a 'Romeo and Juliet' story. (...) that uses the genre framework for", "title": "Mexican Werewolf in Texas" }, { "docid": "35883706", "text": "Strippers vs Werewolves is a 2012 British comedy horror film directed by Jonathan Glendening. The screenplay was written by Phillip Barron and Pat Higgins. The main cast includes Ali Bastian, Martin Compston, Alan Ford, Marc Baylis, Billy Murray, Simon Phillips, Barbara Nedeljáková, Coralie Rose, Nick Nevern, and Adele Silva. Some actors, such as Robert Englund and Sarah Douglas, had a small part in the film. The film was released on DVD and Blu-ray. It has received mixed reception with praise for its entertainment value and complaints about its plot. Plot In 1984, a London club explodes. The plot then moves to a strip club in 2011 in which dancer Justice's client becomes a werewolf. Justice uses a silver fountain pen to kill the werewolf by stabbing him in the eye. The leader of the werewolves, Jack Ferris, wants retribution for the death of the werewolf. Unknown to Justice, her fiancé Scott is part of the werewolf pack. The werewolves and strippers, including some from the 1984 bombing, prepare to fight each other in the strip club. A problem is that Scott bit Justice while they were being passionate, slowly making her transform into a werewolf. Production and release Jonathan Sothcott, who produced Stalker and Strippers vs Werewolves, said that funding for his productions and similar British horror films are received by pre-sales to distribution companies. Sothcott said, \"My model works through a series of minimum guarantees from distributors so that, on paper at least, my films are in profit before they are even released. The distributors know that, from my track record, I will deliver a certain type of film in a certain type of genre on time and on budget.\" Sothcott said that the main criticism has to do with the strippers not stripping enough. Robert Englund, Steven Berkoff, Lysette Anthony, and Sarah Douglas have cameo appearances. The film opens with the song \"Hungry Like the Wolf\" by Duran Duran, but the rendition was played by the band Wild Moon. Despite the title, there is no stripping in the film although there are characters dancing somewhat erotically. The film was released on Blu-ray with a commentary by the producers and 11 minutes of behind the scenes footage. Inside Pulse reviewer Mike Noyes said, \"Most of the film is shot very well, sometimes not so much. But good or bad, the transfer always looks great and the sound is great too.\" It was also released on DVD. Reception Mark Adams, of Screen Daily, said that the film has \"an amusingly smart and cheeky script\" and that it \"is an enjoyably silly affair that could well find an audience in the gore-hungry horror marketplace.\" Author Bryan Senn said in his book The Werewolf Filmography: 300+ Movies that \"Strippers vs Werewolves remains an entertaining melding of the modern gangster film (as exemplified by such Guy Ritchie entries as Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels, Snatch, and Rocknrolla) and the werewolf movie.\" Noyes, of Inside Pulse, wrote \"Frankly, I was shocked how entertaining", "title": "Strippers vs Werewolves" } ]	[ "Lon Chaney Jr." ]
train_31310	who suggested that mass and energy are actually the same thing	[ { "docid": "3016935", "text": "George Frederick Chapline Jr. (born May 6, 1942) is an American theoretical physicist, based at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. His most recent interests have mainly been in quantum information theory, condensed matter, and quantum gravity. In 2003 he received the Computing Anticipatory Systems award for a new interpretation of quantum mechanics based on the similarity of quantum mechanics and Helmholtz machines. He was awarded the E. O. Lawrence Award in 1982 by the United States Department of Energy for leading the team that first demonstrated a working X-ray laser. Work In the field of condensed matter physics Chapline is best known as the originator of the concept of a gossamer metal; i.e. a metal where the density of states at the Fermi surface is depressed because of pairing correlations. Both the actinides and high Tc superconductors are examples of gossamer metals. Chapline is known for his work with Nick S. Manton on finding the classical equations which unify supergravity and Yang–Mills gauge theories. These equations play an important role in superstring theory. Chapline was also the first person to point out that the anomaly cancellation condition for superstrings in 10 dimensions could be satisfied by E8 x E8, and the first person to suggest that the 24-dimensional Leech lattice might play a central role in a theory unifying gravity and elementary particle physics. Chapline is perhaps best known for his research on black holes, proposing that they cannot be described as solutions of Einstein’s general relativity equations. Drawing upon quantum mechanical insights of himself and Pawel Mazur from the early 2000s, he proposed that objects currently thought to be black holes are actually dark-energy stars. Chapline and Mazur are also responsible for the only known exact result in quantum gravity; namely all rotating space-times can be constructed from an array of quantized spinning strings. This idea incorporates the 1980 proposal by Robert B. Laughlin and Chapline that the surface of a black hole actually represents a quantum critical transition of a superfluid vacuum. The Chapline–Laughlin theory predicts that space-times with a large vacuum energy are unstable to the formation of dark energy stars; in the context of the early universe, this provides a natural explanation for both dark matter and the metric fluctuations which led to the formation of galaxies. A remarkable astrophysical prediction of the Chapline–Laughlin theory is that dark energy stars should be prolific sources of positrons because nucleons decay when they encounter the surface of a dark energy star. A remarkable prediction of this new theory of black hole surfaces is that the mass spectrum of primordial black holes should have a low mass cutfoff near 0.1 solar masses, which ought to be observable with the Roman space telescope operating together with large ground based telescopes. Chapline's interest in quantum gravity dates from the time when as a teenager he wrote Richard Feynman a letter about the problem of quantum propagation in a gravitational field. Because quantum mechanics is intrinsically non-local while the equivalence principle is", "title": "George Chapline Jr." }, { "docid": "750712", "text": "In theoretical physics, geometrodynamics is an attempt to describe spacetime and associated phenomena completely in terms of geometry. Technically, its goal is to unify the fundamental forces and reformulate general relativity as a configuration space of three-metrics, modulo three-dimensional diffeomorphisms. The origin of this idea can be found in an English mathematician William Kingdon Clifford's works. This theory was enthusiastically promoted by John Wheeler in the 1960s, and work on it continues in the 21st century. Einstein's geometrodynamics The term geometrodynamics is as a synonym for general relativity. More properly, some authors use the phrase Einstein's geometrodynamics to denote the initial value formulation of general relativity, introduced by Arnowitt, Deser, and Misner (ADM formalism) around 1960. In this reformulation, spacetimes are sliced up into spatial hyperslices in a rather arbitrary fashion, and the vacuum Einstein field equation is reformulated as an evolution equation describing how, given the geometry of an initial hyperslice (the \"initial value\"), the geometry evolves over \"time\". This requires giving constraint equations which must be satisfied by the original hyperslice. It also involves some \"choice of gauge\"; specifically, choices about how the coordinate system used to describe the hyperslice geometry evolves. Wheeler's geometrodynamics Wheeler wanted to reduce physics to geometry in an even more fundamental way than the ADM reformulation of general relativity with a dynamic geometry whose curvature changes with time. It attempts to realize three concepts: mass without mass charge without charge field without field He wanted to lay the foundation for quantum gravity and unify gravitation with electromagnetism (the strong and weak interactions were not yet sufficiently well understood in 1960 to be included). Wheeler introduced the notion of geons, gravitational wave packets confined to a compact region of spacetime and held together by the gravitational attraction of the (gravitational) field energy of the wave itself. Wheeler was intrigued by the possibility that geons could affect test particles much like a massive object, hence mass without mass. Wheeler was also much intrigued by the fact that the (nonspinning) point-mass solution of general relativity, the Schwarzschild vacuum, has the nature of a wormhole. Similarly, in the case of a charged particle, the geometry of the Reissner–Nordström electrovacuum solution suggests that the symmetry between electric (which \"end\" in charges) and magnetic field lines (which never end) could be restored if the electric field lines do not actually end but only go through a wormhole to some distant location or even another branch of the universe. George Rainich had shown decades earlier that one can obtain the electromagnetic field tensor from the electromagnetic contribution to the stress–energy tensor, which in general relativity is directly coupled to spacetime curvature; Wheeler and Misner developed this into the so-called already-unified field theory which partially unifies gravitation and electromagnetism, yielding charge without charge. In the ADM reformulation of general relativity, Wheeler argued that the full Einstein field equation can be recovered once the momentum constraint can be derived, and suggested that this might follow from geometrical considerations alone, making general relativity", "title": "Geometrodynamics" }, { "docid": "22472780", "text": "Quantum chromodynamics binding energy (QCD binding energy), gluon binding energy or chromodynamic binding energy is the energy binding quarks together into hadrons. It is the energy of the field of the strong force, which is mediated by gluons. Motion-energy and interaction-energy contribute most of the hadron's mass. Source of mass Most of the mass of hadrons is actually QCD binding energy, through mass–energy equivalence. This phenomenon is related to chiral symmetry breaking. In the case of nucleons – protons and neutrons – QCD binding energy forms about 99% of the nucleon's mass. The kinetic energy of the hadron's constituents, moving at near the speed of light, contributes greatly to the hadron mass, otherwise most of the rest is actual QCD binding energy emerges in a complex way from the potential-like terms in the QCD langrangian. For protons, the sum of the rest masses of the three valence quarks (two up quarks and one down quark) is approximately , while the proton's total mass is about . In the standard model, this \"quark current mass\" can nominally be attributed to the Higgs interaction, For neutrons, the sum of the rest masses of the three valence quarks (two down quarks and one up quark) is approximately , while the neutron's total mass is about . Considering that nearly all of the atom's mass is concentrated in the nucleons, this means that about 99% of the mass of everyday matter (baryonic matter) is, in fact, chromodynamic binding energy. Gluon energy While gluons are massless, they still possess energy – chromodynamic binding energy. In this way, they are similar to photons, which are also massless particles carrying energy – photon energy. The amount of energy per single gluon, or \"gluon energy\", directly measured, though a distribution can by inferred from deep inelastic scattering (DIS) experiments (see ref [4] for an old but still valid introduction.) Unlike photon energy, which is quantifiable, described by the Planck–Einstein relation and depends on a single variable (the photon's frequency), no simple formula exists for the quantity of energy carried by each gluon. While the effects of a single photon can be observed, single gluons have not been observed outside of a hadron. A hadron is in totality composed of gluons, valence quarks, sea quarks and other virtual particles. The gluon content of a hadron can be inferred from DIS measurements. Again, not all of the QCD binding energy is gluon interaction energy, but rather, some of it comes from the kinetic energy of the hadron's constituents. Currently, the total QCD binding energy per hadron can be stated through a combination of the factors mentioned. In the future, studies into quark–gluon plasma will better compliment the DIS studies and improve our understanding of the situation. See also Gluon Quark Current quark and constituent quark Hadron Strong force Quantum chromodynamics Chiral symmetry breaking Photon energy Invariant mass and relativistic mass Binding energy References ° Halzen, Francis and Martin, John, \"Quarks and Leptons:An Introductory Course in Modem Particle Physics\", John Wiley", "title": "Quantum chromodynamics binding energy" }, { "docid": "1328116", "text": "Neutrino oscillation is a quantum mechanical phenomenon in which a neutrino created with a specific lepton family number (\"lepton flavor\": electron, muon, or tau) can later be measured to have a different lepton family number. The probability of measuring a particular flavor for a neutrino varies between three known states, as it propagates through space. First predicted by Bruno Pontecorvo in 1957, neutrino oscillation has since been observed by a multitude of experiments in several different contexts. Most notably, the existence of neutrino oscillation resolved the long-standing solar neutrino problem. Neutrino oscillation is of great theoretical and experimental interest, as the precise properties of the process can shed light on several properties of the neutrino. In particular, it implies that the neutrino has a non-zero mass outside the Einstein-Cartan torsion, which requires a modification to the Standard Model of particle physics. The experimental discovery of neutrino oscillation, and thus neutrino mass, by the Super-Kamiokande Observatory and the Sudbury Neutrino Observatories was recognized with the 2015 Nobel Prize for Physics. Observations A great deal of evidence for neutrino oscillation has been collected from many sources, over a wide range of neutrino energies and with many different detector technologies. The 2015 Nobel Prize in Physics was shared by Takaaki Kajita and Arthur B. McDonald for their early pioneering observations of these oscillations. Neutrino oscillation is a function of the ratio , where L is the distance traveled and E is the neutrino's energy. (Details in below.) All available neutrino sources produce a range of energies, and oscillation is measured at a fixed distance for neutrinos of varying energy. The limiting factor in measurements is the accuracy with which the energy of each observed neutrino can be measured. Because current detectors have energy uncertainties of a few percent, it is satisfactory to know the distance to within 1%. Solar neutrino oscillation The first experiment that detected the effects of neutrino oscillation was Ray Davis' Homestake experiment in the late 1960s, in which he observed a deficit in the flux of solar neutrinos with respect to the prediction of the Standard Solar Model, using a chlorine-based detector. This gave rise to the solar neutrino problem. Many subsequent radiochemical and water Cherenkov detectors confirmed the deficit, but neutrino oscillation was not conclusively identified as the source of the deficit until the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory provided clear evidence of neutrino flavor change in 2001. Solar neutrinos have energies below 20 MeV. At energies above 5 MeV, solar neutrino oscillation actually takes place in the Sun through a resonance known as the MSW effect, a different process from the vacuum oscillation described later in this article. Atmospheric neutrino oscillation Following the theories that were proposed in the 1970s suggesting unification of electromagnetic, weak, and strong forces, a few experiments on proton decay followed in the 1980s. Large detectors such as IMB, MACRO, and Kamiokande II have observed a deficit in the ratio of the flux of muon to electron flavor atmospheric neutrinos (see muon decay). The Super-Kamiokande", "title": "Neutrino oscillation" }, { "docid": "1331039", "text": "The Dirac large numbers hypothesis (LNH) is an observation made by Paul Dirac in 1937 relating ratios of size scales in the Universe to that of force scales. The ratios constitute very large, dimensionless numbers: some 40 orders of magnitude in the present cosmological epoch. According to Dirac's hypothesis, the apparent similarity of these ratios might not be a mere coincidence but instead could imply a cosmology with these unusual features: The strength of gravity, as represented by the gravitational constant, is inversely proportional to the age of the universe: The mass of the universe is proportional to the square of the universe's age: . Physical constants are actually not constant. Their values depend on the age of the Universe. Background LNH was Dirac's personal response to a set of large number \"coincidences\" that had intrigued other theorists of his time. The \"coincidences\" began with Hermann Weyl (1919), who speculated that the observed radius of the universe, RU, might also be the hypothetical radius of a particle whose rest energy is equal to the gravitational self-energy of the electron: where, with and re is the classical electron radius, me is the mass of the electron, mH denotes the mass of the hypothetical particle, and rH is its electrostatic radius. The coincidence was further developed by Arthur Eddington (1931) who related the above ratios to N, the estimated number of charged particles in the universe: . In addition to the examples of Weyl and Eddington, Dirac was also influenced by the primeval-atom hypothesis of Georges Lemaître, who lectured on the topic in Cambridge in 1933. The notion of a varying-G cosmology first appears in the work of Edward Arthur Milne a few years before Dirac formulated LNH. Milne was inspired not by large number coincidences but by a dislike of Einstein's general theory of relativity. For Milne, space was not a structured object but simply a system of reference in which relations such as this could accommodate Einstein's conclusions: where MU is the mass of the universe and t is the age of the universe. According to this relation, G increases over time. Dirac's interpretation of the large number coincidences The Weyl and Eddington ratios above can be rephrased in a variety of ways, as for instance in the context of time: where t is the age of the universe, is the speed of light and re is the classical electron radius. Hence, in units where and , the age of the universe is about 1040 units of time. This is the same order of magnitude as the ratio of the electrical to the gravitational forces between a proton and an electron: Hence, interpreting the charge of the electron, the masses and of the proton and electron, and the permittivity factor in atomic units (equal to 1), the value of the gravitational constant is approximately 10−40. Dirac interpreted this to mean that varies with time as . Although George Gamow noted that such a temporal variation does not necessarily follow from", "title": "Dirac large numbers hypothesis" }, { "docid": "35952023", "text": "The Ortega hypothesis holds that average or mediocre scientists contribute substantially to the advancement of science. According to this hypothesis, scientific progress occurs mainly by the accumulation of a mass of modest, narrowly specialized intellectual contributions. On this view, major breakthroughs draw heavily upon a large body of minor and little-known work, without which the major advances could not happen. Citation research The Ortega hypothesis is widely held, but a number of systematic studies of scientific citations have favored the opposing \"Newton hypothesis\", which says that scientific progress is mostly the work of a relatively small number of great scientists (after Isaac Newton's statement that he \"stood on the shoulders of giants\"). The most important papers mostly cite other important papers by a small number of outstanding scientists, suggesting that the breakthroughs do not actually draw heavily on a large body of minor work. Rather, the pattern of citations suggests that most minor work draws heavily on a small number of outstanding papers and outstanding scientists. Even minor papers by the most eminent scientists are cited much more than papers by relatively unknown scientists; and these elite scientists are clustered mostly in a small group of elite departments and universities. The same pattern of disproportionate citation of a small number of scholars appears in fields as diverse as physics and criminology. The matter is not settled. No research has established that citation counts reflect the real influence or worth of scientific work. So, the apparent disproof of the Ortega hypothesis may be an artifact of inappropriately chosen data. Stratification within the social networks of scientists may skew the citation statistics. Many authors cite research papers without actually reading them or being influenced by them. Experimental results in physics make heavy use of techniques and devices that have been honed by many previous inventors and researchers, but these are seldom cited in reports on those results. Theoretical papers have the broadest relevance to future research, while reports of experimental results have a narrower relevance but form the basis of the theories. This suggests that citation counts merely favor theoretical results. The name The name of the hypothesis refers to José Ortega y Gasset, who wrote in The Revolt of the Masses that \"astoundingly mediocre\" men of narrow specialties do most of the work of experimental science. Ortega most likely would have disagreed with the hypothesis that has been named after him, as he held not that scientific progress is driven mainly by the accumulation of small works by mediocrities, but that scientific geniuses create a framework within which intellectually commonplace people can work successfully. For example, Ortega thought that Albert Einstein drew upon the ideas of Immanuel Kant and Ernst Mach to form his own synthesis, and that Einstein did not draw upon masses of tiny results produced systematically by mediocrities. According to Ortega, science is mostly the work of geniuses, and geniuses mostly build on each other's work, but in some fields there is a real need for systematic laboratory", "title": "Ortega hypothesis" } ]	[ { "docid": "75912306", "text": "In quantum mechanics, the Lévy-Leblond equation describes the dynamics of a spin-1/2 particle. It is a linearized version of the Schrödinger equation and of the Pauli equation. It was derived by French physicist Jean-Marc Lévy-Leblond in 1967. Lévy-Leblond equation was obtained under similar heuristic derivations as the Dirac equation, but contrary to the latter, Lévy-Leblond equation is not relativistic. As both equations recover the electron gyromagnetic ratio, it is suggested that spin is not necessarily a relativistic phenomenon. Equation For a nonrelativistic spin-1/2 particle of mass m, a representation of the time-independent Lévy-Leblond equation reads: where c is the speed of light, E is the nonrelativistic particle energy, is the momentum operator, and is the vector of Pauli matrices, which is proportional to the spin operator . Here are two components functions (spinors) describing the wave function of the particle. By minimal coupling, the equation can be modified to account for the presence of an electromagnetic field, where q is the electric charge of the particle. V is the electric potential, and A is the magnetic vector potential. This equation is linear in its spatial derivatives. Relation to spin In 1928, Paul Dirac linearized the relativistic dispersion relation and obtained Dirac equation, described by a bispinor. This equation can be decoupled into two spinors in the non-relativistic limit, leading to predict the electron magnetic moment with a gyromagnetic ratio . The success of Dirac theory has led to some textbooks to erroneously claim that spin is necessarily a relativistic phenomena. Jean-Marc Lévy-Leblond applied the same technique to the non-relativistic energy relation showing that the same prediction of can be obtained. Actually to derive the Pauli equation from Dirac equation one has to pass by Lévy-Leblond equation. Spin is then a result of quantum mechanics and linearization of the equations but not necessarily a relativistic effect. Lévy-Leblond equation is Galilean invariant. This equation demonstrates that one does not need the full Poincaré group to explain the spin 1/2. In the classical limit where , quantum mechanics under the Galilean transformation group are enough. Similarly, one can construct classical linear equation for any arbitrary spin. Under the same idea one can construct equations for Galilean electromagnetism. Relation to other equations Schrödinger's and Pauli's equation Taking the second line of Lévy-Leblond equation and inserting it back into the first line, one obtains through the algebra of the Pauli matrices, that , which is the Schrödinger equation for a two-valued spinor. Note that solving for also returns another Schrödinger's equation. Pauli's expression for spin- particle in an electromagnetic field can be recovered by minimal coupling: . While Lévy-Leblond is linear in its derivatives, Pauli's and Schrödinger's equations are quadratic in the spatial derivatives. Dirac equation Dirac equation can be written as: where is the total relativistic energy. In the non-relativistic limit, and one recovers, Lévy-Leblond equations. Heuristic derivation Similar to the historical derivation of Dirac equation by Paul Dirac, one can try to linearize the non-relativistic dispersion relation . We want two operators and", "title": "Lévy-Leblond equation" }, { "docid": "596353", "text": "The Large Electron–Positron Collider (LEP) was one of the largest particle accelerators ever constructed. It was built at CERN, a multi-national centre for research in nuclear and particle physics near Geneva, Switzerland. LEP collided electrons with positrons at energies that reached 209 GeV. It was a circular collider with a circumference of 27 kilometres built in a tunnel roughly 100 m (300 ft) underground and passing through Switzerland and France. LEP was used from 1989 until 2000. Around 2001 it was dismantled to make way for the Large Hadron Collider, which re-used the LEP tunnel. To date, LEP is the most powerful accelerator of leptons ever built. Collider background LEP was a circular lepton collider – the most powerful such ever built. For context, modern colliders can be generally categorized based on their shape (circular or linear) and on what types of particles they accelerate and collide (leptons or hadrons). Leptons are point particles and are relatively light. Because they are point particles, their collisions are clean and amenable to precise measurements; however, because they are light, the collisions cannot reach the same energy that can be achieved with heavier particles. Hadrons are composite particles (composed of quarks) and are relatively heavy; protons, for example, have a mass 2000 times greater than electrons. Because of their higher mass, they can be accelerated to much higher energies, which is the key to directly observing new particles or interactions that are not predicted by currently accepted theories. However, hadron collisions are very messy (there are often many unrelated tracks, for example, and it is not straightforward to determine the energy of the collisions), and therefore more challenging to analyze and less amenable to precision measurements. The shape of the collider is also important. High energy physics colliders collect particles into bunches, and then collide the bunches together. However, only a very tiny fraction of particles in each bunch actually collide. In circular colliders, these bunches travel around a roughly circular shape in opposite directions and therefore can be collided over and over. This enables a high rate of collisions and facilitates collection of a large amount of data, which is important for precision measurements or for observing very rare decays. However, the energy of the bunches is limited due to losses from synchrotron radiation. In linear colliders, particles move in a straight line and therefore do not suffer from synchrotron radiation, but bunches cannot be re-used and it is therefore more challenging to collect large amounts of data. As a circular lepton collider, LEP was well suited for precision measurements of the electroweak interaction at energies that were not previously achievable. History Construction of the LEP was significant undertaking. Between 1983–1988, it was the largest civil engineering project in Europe. When the LEP collider started operation in August 1989 it accelerated the electrons and positrons to a total energy of 45 GeV each to enable production of the Z boson, which has a mass of 91 GeV. The accelerator was upgraded later", "title": "Large Electron–Positron Collider" }, { "docid": "8987495", "text": "Diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) or diffusion quantum Monte Carlo is a quantum Monte Carlo method that uses a Green's function to calculate low-lying energies of a quantum many-body Hamiltonian. DMC is potentially numerically exact, meaning that it can find the exact ground state energy within a given error for any quantum system. When actually attempting the calculation, one finds that for bosons, the algorithm scales as a polynomial with the system size, but for fermions, DMC scales exponentially with the system size. This makes exact large-scale DMC simulations for fermions impossible; however, DMC employing a clever approximation known as the fixed-node approximation can still yield very accurate results. The projector method To motivate the algorithm, let's look at the Schrödinger equation for a particle in some potential in one dimension: We can condense the notation a bit by writing it in terms of an operator equation, with . So then we have where we have to keep in mind that is an operator, not a simple number or function. There are special functions, called eigenfunctions, for which , where is a number. These functions are special because no matter where we evaluate the action of the operator on the wave function, we always get the same number . These functions are called stationary states, because the time derivative at any point is always the same, so the amplitude of the wave function never changes in time. Since the overall phase of a wave function is not measurable, the system does not change in time. We are usually interested in the wave function with the lowest energy eigenvalue, the ground state. We're going to write a slightly different version of the Schrödinger equation that will have the same energy eigenvalue, but, instead of being oscillatory, it will be convergent. Here it is: . We've removed the imaginary number from the time derivative and added in a constant offset of , which is the ground state energy. We don't actually know the ground state energy, but there will be a way to determine it self-consistently which we'll introduce later. Our modified equation (some people call it the imaginary-time Schrödinger equation) has some nice properties. The first thing to notice is that if we happen to guess the ground state wave function, then and the time derivative is zero. Now suppose that we start with another wave function(), which is not the ground state but is not orthogonal to it. Then we can write it as a linear sum of eigenfunctions: Since this is a linear differential equation, we can look at the action of each part separately. We already determined that is stationary. Suppose we take . Since is the lowest-energy eigenfunction, the associate eigenvalue of satisfies the property . Thus the time derivative of is negative, and will eventually go to zero, leaving us with only the ground state. This observation also gives us a way to determine . We watch the amplitude of the wave function as we propagate through", "title": "Diffusion Monte Carlo" }, { "docid": "152440", "text": "In astrophysics, stellar nucleosynthesis is the creation of chemical elements by nuclear fusion reactions within stars. Stellar nucleosynthesis has occurred since the original creation of hydrogen, helium and lithium during the Big Bang. As a predictive theory, it yields accurate estimates of the observed abundances of the elements. It explains why the observed abundances of elements change over time and why some elements and their isotopes are much more abundant than others. The theory was initially proposed by Fred Hoyle in 1946, who later refined it in 1954. Further advances were made, especially to nucleosynthesis by neutron capture of the elements heavier than iron, by Margaret and Geoffrey Burbidge, William Alfred Fowler and Fred Hoyle in their famous 1957 B2FH paper, which became one of the most heavily cited papers in astrophysics history. Stars evolve because of changes in their composition (the abundance of their constituent elements) over their lifespans, first by burning hydrogen (main sequence star), then helium (horizontal branch star), and progressively burning higher elements. However, this does not by itself significantly alter the abundances of elements in the universe as the elements are contained within the star. Later in its life, a low-mass star will slowly eject its atmosphere via stellar wind, forming a planetary nebula, while a higher–mass star will eject mass via a sudden catastrophic event called a supernova. The term supernova nucleosynthesis is used to describe the creation of elements during the explosion of a massive star or white dwarf. The advanced sequence of burning fuels is driven by gravitational collapse and its associated heating, resulting in the subsequent burning of carbon, oxygen and silicon. However, most of the nucleosynthesis in the mass range (from silicon to nickel) is actually caused by the upper layers of the star collapsing onto the core, creating a compressional shock wave rebounding outward. The shock front briefly raises temperatures by roughly 50%, thereby causing furious burning for about a second. This final burning in massive stars, called explosive nucleosynthesis or supernova nucleosynthesis, is the final epoch of stellar nucleosynthesis. A stimulus to the development of the theory of nucleosynthesis was the discovery of variations in the abundances of elements found in the universe. The need for a physical description was already inspired by the relative abundances of the chemical elements in the solar system. Those abundances, when plotted on a graph as a function of the atomic number of the element, have a jagged sawtooth shape that varies by factors of tens of millions (see history of nucleosynthesis theory). This suggested a natural process that is not random. A second stimulus to understanding the processes of stellar nucleosynthesis occurred during the 20th century, when it was realized that the energy released from nuclear fusion reactions accounted for the longevity of the Sun as a source of heat and light. History In 1920, Arthur Eddington, on the basis of the precise measurements of atomic masses by F.W. Aston and a preliminary suggestion by Jean Perrin, proposed that stars obtained", "title": "Stellar nucleosynthesis" }, { "docid": "203875", "text": "To help compare different orders of magnitude, the following lists describe various mass levels between 10−67 kg and 1052 kg. The least massive thing listed here is a graviton, and the most massive thing is the observable universe. Typically, an object having greater mass will also have greater weight (see mass versus weight), especially if the objects are subject to the same gravitational field strength. Units of mass The table at right is based on the kilogram (kg), the base unit of mass in the International System of Units (SI). The kilogram is the only standard unit to include an SI prefix (kilo-) as part of its name. The gram (10−3 kg) is an SI derived unit of mass. However, the names of all SI mass units are based on gram, rather than on kilogram; thus 103 kg is a megagram (106 g), not a kilokilogram. The tonne (t) is an SI-compatible unit of mass equal to a megagram (Mg), or 103 kg. The unit is in common use for masses above about 103 kg and is often used with SI prefixes. For example, a gigagram (Gg) or 109 g is 103 tonnes, commonly called a kilotonne. Other units Other units of mass are also in use. Historical units include the stone, the pound, the carat, and the grain. For subatomic particles, physicists use the mass equivalent to the energy represented by an electronvolt (eV). At the atomic level, chemists use the mass of one-twelfth of a carbon-12 atom (the dalton). Astronomers use the mass of the sun (). The least massive things: below 10−24 kg Unlike other physical quantities, mass–energy does not have an a priori expected minimal quantity, or an observed basic quantum as in the case of electric charge. Planck's law allows for the existence of photons with arbitrarily low energies. Consequently, there can only ever be an experimental upper bound on the mass of a supposedly massless particle; in the case of the photon, this confirmed upper bound is of the order of = . 10−24 to 10−18 kg 10−18 to 10−12 kg 10−12 to 10−6 kg 10−6 to 1 kg 1 kg to 105 kg 106 to 1011 kg 1012 to 1017 kg 1018 to 1023 kg 1024 to 1029 kg 1030 to 1035 kg 1036 to 1041 kg The most massive things: 1042 kg and greater See also Lists of astronomical objects Notes External links Mass units conversion calculator Mass units conversion calculator JavaScript Mass Mass", "title": "Orders of magnitude (mass)" }, { "docid": "43733503", "text": "The Laniakea Supercluster (; Hawaiian for \"open skies\" or \"immense heaven\") is the galaxy supercluster that is home to the Milky Way and approximately 100,000 other nearby galaxies. It was defined in September 2014, when a group of astronomers including R. Brent Tully of the University of Hawaiʻi, Hélène Courtois of the University of Lyon, Yehuda Hoffman of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and Daniel Pomarède of CEA Université Paris-Saclay published a new way of defining superclusters according to the relative velocities of galaxies. The new definition of the local supercluster subsumes the prior defined local supercluster, the Virgo Supercluster, as an appendage. Follow-up studies suggest that the Laniakea Supercluster is not gravitationally bound. It will disperse rather than continue to maintain itself as an overdensity relative to surrounding areas. Name The name () means 'immense heaven' in Hawaiian, . The name was suggested by Nawaʻa Napoleon, an associate professor of Hawaiian language at Kapiolani Community College. The name honors Polynesian navigators, who used knowledge of the sky to navigate the Pacific Ocean. Characteristics The Laniakea Supercluster encompasses approximately 100,000 galaxies stretched out over . It has the approximate mass of 1017 solar masses, or 100,000 times that of our galaxy, which is almost the same as that of the Horologium Supercluster. It consists of four subparts, which were known previously as separate superclusters: Virgo Supercluster, the part in which the Milky Way resides. Hydra–Centaurus Supercluster the Great Attractor, Laniakea's central gravitational point near Norma Antlia Wall, known as Hydra Supercluster Centaurus Supercluster Pavo–Indus Supercluster Southern Supercluster, including Fornax Cluster (S373), Dorado and Eridanus clouds. The most massive galaxy clusters of the Laniakea Supercluster are Virgo, Hydra, Centaurus, Abell 3565, Abell 3574, Abell 3521, Fornax, Eridanus, and Norma. The entire supercluster consists of approximately 300 to 500 known galaxy clusters and groups. The real number may be much larger because some of these are traversing the Zone of Avoidance, an area of the sky that is partially obscured by gas and dust from the Milky Way galaxy, making them essentially undetectable. Superclusters are some of the universe's largest structures and have boundaries that are difficult to define, especially from the inside. Within a given supercluster, most galaxy motions will be directed inward, toward the center of mass. This gravitational focal point, in the case of Laniakea, is called the Great Attractor, and influences the motions of the Local Group of galaxies, where the Milky Way galaxy resides, and all others throughout the supercluster. Unlike its constituent clusters, Laniakea is not gravitationally bound and is projected to be torn apart by dark energy. Although the confirmation of the existence of the Laniakea Supercluster emerged in 2014, early studies in the 1980s already suggested that several of the superclusters then known might be connected. For example, South African astronomer Tony Fairall stated in 1988 that redshifts suggested that the Virgo and Hydra–Centaurus superclusters may be connected. Location The neighboring superclusters to the Laniakea Supercluster are the Shapley Supercluster, Hercules Supercluster, Coma Supercluster,", "title": "Laniakea Supercluster" }, { "docid": "537301", "text": "Temple is a thriller novel written by Australian author Matthew Reilly and first published in 1999. Like Reilly's other books, Temple's major attractions are the fast pace and the complexity of the action scenes. At the time of publication, Reilly hinted at the possibility of a sequel starring the same protagonist, Professor William Race, but the release of such a book has never been officially confirmed. Introduction Temple is split into two stories, both set in South America: One set during the Spanish Occupation of South America and one set in 1999 at the same place. The main focus of the former story is the journey of a monk named Alberto Santiago who becomes a traitor to his country after witnessing Spanish atrocities among the Incan civilisation. Aiding an Incan Prince named Renco Capac to escape, Santiago begins a quest to protect a special Idol - 'The Spirit of the People', an idol carved from black stone with purple veins running through it, actually carved from a meteorite that fell on earth, from the invading Spaniards. Upon his return to Spain, Santiago records his story in a transcript in San Sebastian Monastery in France. Four hundred years later, a group of German armed militia known as the Stormtroopers raid the monastery, executing all but one of the Jesuit monks living there, recovering the Santiago manuscript. Meanwhile, another party raids DARPA (The Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency) headquarters in order to capture a new superweapon known as the Supernova. DARPA sends Colonel Frank Nash to Peru with the aid of NYU linguistics professor William Race to recover the idol before anyone else can retrieve it. Their mission: to retrieve 'the Spirit of the People' (as the natives call it), carved out of Thyrium-261, a nuclear material from a binary star system that came to Earth via a meteorite. Thyrium has the potential to provide virtually limitless clean energy, which can fuel the Supernova, a next-generation weapon of mass destruction with the power to decimate a third of the Earth's surface and bring about Doomsday. Plot summary William Race's adventure Professor William Race is a young linguist, working for NYU is approached by a retired Col. Frank Nash, a physicist from the Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency, or DARPA, to translate a manuscript written in ancient Latin, to find an ancient Incan idol in the South American jungles. Race is told that his brother, Martin Race, was the one who suggested his name, and that his ex college sweetheart, Lauren O'Connor is also accompanying them. Race reluctantly agrees. En route to Peru, Nash provides Race with photocopied pages of a copy of the Santiago Manuscript, which describes the adventures of Alberto Santiago, a Spanish missionary in ancient Peru, whilst also holding the key to the final resting place of a legendary Incan idol, allegedly made of thyrium-261, an element that, when combined with the mass destruction weapon called Supernova, would destroy a third of the Earth's mass throwing it off from its", "title": "Temple (novel)" }, { "docid": "8262357", "text": "The mass excess of a nuclide is the difference between its actual mass and its mass number in daltons. It is one of the predominant methods for tabulating nuclear mass. The mass of an atomic nucleus is well approximated (less than 0.1% difference for most nuclides) by its mass number, which indicates that most of the mass of a nucleus arises from mass of its constituent protons and neutrons. Thus, the mass excess is an expression of the nuclear binding energy, relative to the binding energy per nucleon of carbon-12 (which defines the dalton). If the mass excess is negative, the nucleus has more binding energy than 12C, and vice versa. If a nucleus has a large excess of mass compared to a nearby nuclear species, it can radioactively decay, releasing energy. Energy scale of nuclear reactions The 12C standard provides a convenient unit (the dalton) in which to express nuclear mass for defining the mass excess. However, its usefulness arises in the calculation of nuclear reaction kinematics or decay. Only a small fraction of the total energy that is associated with an atomic nucleus by mass–energy equivalence, on the order of 0.01% to 0.1% of the total mass, may be absorbed or liberated as radiation. By working in terms of the mass excess, much of the mass changes which arise from the transfer or release of nucleons is effectively removed, highlighting the net energy difference. Nuclear reaction kinematics are customarily performed in units involving the electronvolt, which derives from accelerator technology. The combination of this practical point with the theoretical relation makes the unit megaelectronvolt over the speed of light squared (MeV/c2) a convenient form in which to express nuclear mass. However, the numerical values of nuclear masses in MeV/c2 are quite large (even the proton mass is ~938.27 MeV/c2), while mass excesses range in the tens of MeV/c2. This makes tabulated mass excess less cumbersome for use in calculations. The 1/c2 factor is typically omitted when quoting mass excess values in MeV, since the interest is more often energy and not mass; if one wanted units of mass, one would simply change the units from MeV to MeV/c2 without altering the numerical value. Example Consider the nuclear fission of 236U into 92Kr, 141Ba, and three neutrons. 236U → 92Kr + 141Ba + 3 n The mass number of the reactant, 236U, is 236. Because the actual mass is , its mass excess is +. Calculated in the same manner, the respective mass excesses for the products, 92Kr, 141Ba, and three neutrons, are , and , respectively, for a total mass excess of . The difference between the mass excess of the reactants and that of the products is , which shows that the mass excess of the products is less than that of the reactants, and so the fission can occur – a calculation which could have also been done with only the masses of the reactants. The mass excess can be converted into energy using = ,", "title": "Mass excess" }, { "docid": "17606886", "text": "The Okubo–Zweig–Iizuka rule or OZI rule is a consequence of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) that explains why certain decay modes appear less frequently than otherwise might be expected. It was independently proposed by Susumu Okubo, George Zweig and Jugoro Iizuka in the 1960s. It states that any strongly occurring process will be suppressed if, through only the removal of internal gluon lines, its Feynman diagram can be separated into two disconnected diagrams: one containing all of the initial-state particles and one containing all of the final-state particles. An example of such a suppressed decay is the Phi meson into pions: It would be expected that this decay mode would dominate over other decay modes such as which have much lower values. In actuality, it is seen that φ decays to kaons 84% of the time, suggesting the decay path to pions is suppressed. An explanation of the OZI rule can be seen from the decrease of the coupling constant in QCD with increasing energy (or momentum transfer). For the OZI suppressed channels, the gluons must have high 2 (at least as much as the rest mass energies of the quarks into which they decay) and so the coupling constant will appear small to these gluons. Another explanation of the OZI rule comes from the large- limit, in which the number of colors is assumed to be infinite. The OZI suppressed processes have a higher ratio of vertices (which contribute factors of ) to independent fermion loops (which contribute factors of ) when compared to the non-suppressed processes, and so these processes are much less common. A further example is given by the decays of excited states of charmonium (bound state of charm quark and antiquark). For states lighter than the charged D mesons, the decay must proceed just like the above example into three pions, with three virtual gluons mediating the interaction, each of which must have enough energy to produce a quark-antiquark pair. But above the D meson threshold, the original valence quarks need not annihilate; they can propagate into the final states. In this case, only two gluons are required, which share the energy of the light quark-antiquark pair that is spontaneously nucleated. They are thus lower in energy than the three gluons of the OZI-suppressed annihilation. The suppression arises from both the smaller values of the QCD coupling constant at high energies, as well as the greater number of interaction vertices. See also J/ψ meson References Sources Quantum chromodynamics", "title": "OZI rule" }, { "docid": "4620636", "text": "The Taylor knock-out factor, also called Taylor KO factor or TKOF, is a formulaic mathematical approach for evaluating the stopping power of hunting cartridges, developed by John \"Pondoro\" Taylor in the middle of the 20th century. Taylor, an elephant hunter and author who wrote two books about rifles and cartridges for African hunting, devised the formula as a means of comparing the ability of a cartridge to deliver a knock out blow to an elephant from a shot to the head when the brain is missed. Formula The Taylor KO factor multiplies bullet mass (measured in grains) by muzzle velocity (measured in feet per second) by bullet diameter (measured in inches) and then divides the product by 7,000, converting the value from grains to pounds and giving a numerical value from 0 to ~150 for normal hunting cartridges. It is proportional to the momentum at the muzzle times the diameter of the bullet. Expressed as a fraction, the Taylor KO Factor is: Example calculation Using the standard 7.62×51mm NATO cartridge, the cartridge's characteristics are: Bullet mass = 9.5 grams 147 grains Muzzle velocity = 833 meters per second 2733 feet per second Bullet diameter = 7.82 millimetres .308 inches The calculation is: Therefore the Taylor KO factor for the 7.62x51mm NATO cartridge is 17.7. For metric values the calculation is 7.62×51mm NATO in metric : (note that 7.62 mm is the land diameter of the caliber, however the actual bullet diam is 7.82 mm) Note: The product of mass and velocity is a quantity called, in modern physics, \"momentum\". Conservation of momentum is a characteristic of non-deformable collisions. A bullet, hitting hard bone, would transfer most of the impulse to that bone mass. History John \"Pondoro\" Taylor, an ivory hunter who over his career shot over 1,000 elephants along with a variety of other African game and who is renowned for writing two books about rifles and cartridges for African hunting, devised the Taylor KO factor to place a mathematical value on the concussive effects a cartridge and bullet would have on an elephant, specifically from a shot to the head when the brain is missed, a \"knock out\" meaning the elephant was sufficiently stunned by the hit that it would not immediately turn on the hunter or flee. First describing the Taylor KO Factor as \"knock out value\" or \"strike energy\" in his African rifles and cartridges, Taylor wrote that muzzle energy is \"surely the most misleading thing in the world\", that it is too dependent on muzzle velocity instead of bullet weight and that it is \"quite useless if you are trying to compare any two rifles from the point of view of the actual punch inflicted by the bullet\" which according to him is more affected by the bullet's weight. In African rifles and cartridges Taylor compares the effect of a near miss of an elephant's brain from a frontal head shot with the .416 Rigby and the .470 Nitro Express, two cartridges with similar muzzle energy", "title": "Taylor knock-out factor" }, { "docid": "40250", "text": "Specific impulse (usually abbreviated ) is a measure of how efficiently a reaction mass engine, such as a rocket using propellant or a jet engine using fuel, generates thrust. A propulsion system with a higher specific impulse uses the mass of the propellant more efficiently. In the case of a rocket, this means less propellant needed for a given delta-v, so that the vehicle attached to the engine can more efficiently gain altitude and velocity. Propulsion systems For engines like cold gas thrusters whose reaction mass is only the fuel they carry, specific impulse is exactly proportional to the effective exhaust gas velocity. In atmosphere In an atmospheric context, specific impulse can include the contribution to impulse provided by the mass of external air that is accelerated by the engine, such as by fuel combustion or by external propeller. Jet engines and turbofans breathe external air for both combustion and bypass, and therefore have a much higher specific impulse than rocket engines. For air-breathing engines, only the fuel mass is counted, not the mass of air passing through the engine. Air resistance and the engine's inability to keep a high specific impulse at a fast burn rate are limiting factors to the propellant consumption rate. If it were not for air resistance and the reduction of propellant during flight, specific impulse would be a direct measure of the engine's effectiveness in converting propellant mass into forward momentum. The specific impulse in terms of propellant mass spent has units of distance per time, which is a notional velocity called the effective exhaust velocity. This is higher than the actual exhaust velocity because the mass of the combustion air is not being accounted for. Actual and effective exhaust velocity are the same in rocket engines operating in a vacuum. General considerations The amount of propellant can be measured either in units of mass or weight. If mass is used, specific impulse is an impulse per unit of mass, which dimensional analysis shows to have units of speed, specifically the effective exhaust velocity. As the SI system is mass-based, this type of analysis is usually done in meters per second. If a force-based unit system is used, impulse is divided by propellant weight (weight is a measure of force), resulting in units of time (seconds). These two formulations differ from each other by the standard gravitational acceleration (g0) at the surface of the earth. The rate of change of momentum of a rocket (including its propellant) per unit time is equal to the thrust. The higher the specific impulse, the less propellant is needed to produce a given thrust for a given time and the more efficient the propellant is. This should not be confused with the physics concept of energy efficiency, which can decrease as specific impulse increases, since propulsion systems that give high specific impulse require high energy to do so. Thrust and specific impulse should not be confused. Thrust is the force supplied by the engine and depends on the", "title": "Specific impulse" }, { "docid": "18800947", "text": "A kinetic energy weapon (also known as kinetic weapon, kinetic energy warhead, kinetic warhead, kinetic projectile, kinetic kill vehicle) is a projectile weapon based solely on a projectile's kinetic energy to inflict damage to a target, instead of using any explosive, incendiary/thermal, chemical or radiological payload. All kinetic weapons work by attaining a high flight speed — generally supersonic or even up to hypervelocity — and collide with their targets, converting its kinetic energy and relative impulse into destructive shock waves, heat and cavitation. In kinetic weapons with unpowered flight, the muzzle velocity or launch velocity often determines the effective range and potential damage of the kinetic projectile. Kinetic weapons are the oldest and most common ranged weapons used in human history, with the projectiles varying from blunt projectiles such as rocks and round shots, pointed missiles such as arrows/bolts, dart and javelins, to modern tapered high-velocity impactors such as bullets, flechettes and penetrators. Typical kinetic weapons accelerate their projectiles mechanically (by muscle power, mechanical advantage devices, elastic energy or pneumatics) or chemically (by propellant combustion, as with firearms), but newer technologies are enabling the development of potential weapons using electromagnetically launched projectiles, such as railguns, coilguns and mass drivers. There are also concept weapons that are accelerated by gravity, as in the case of kinetic bombardment weapons designed for space warfare. The term hit-to-kill, or kinetic kill, is also used in the military aerospace field to describe kinetic energy weapons accelerated by a rocket engine. It has been used primarily in the anti-ballistic missile (ABM) and anti-satellite weapon (ASAT) fields, but some modern anti-aircraft missiles are also kinetic kill vehicles. Hit-to-kill systems are part of the wider class of kinetic projectiles, a class that has widespread use in the anti-tank field. Basic concept Kinetic energy is a function of mass and the velocity of an object. For a kinetic energy weapon in the aerospace field, both objects are moving and it is the relative velocity that is important. In the case of the interception of a reentry vehicle (RV) from an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) during the terminal phase of the approach, the RV will be traveling at approximately while the interceptor will be on the order of . Because the interceptor may not be approaching head-on, a lower bound on the relative velocity on the order of can be assumed, or converting to SI units, approximately 7150 meters per second. At that speed, every kilogram of the interceptor will have an energy of: TNT has an explosive energy of about 4853 joules per gram, or about 5 MJ per kilogram. That means the impact energy of the mass of the interceptor is over five times that of a detonating warhead of the same mass. It may seem like this makes a warhead superfluous, but a hit-to-kill system has to actually hit the target, which may be on the order of half a meter wide, while a conventional warhead releases numerous small fragments that increase the possibility of impact", "title": "Kinetic energy weapon" }, { "docid": "5634651", "text": "Vapor-compression evaporation is the evaporation method by which a blower, compressor or jet ejector is used to compress, and thus, increase the pressure of the vapor produced. Since the pressure increase of the vapor also generates an increase in the condensation temperature, the same vapor can serve as the heating medium for its \"mother\" liquid or solution being concentrated, from which the vapor was generated to begin with. If no compression was provided, the vapor would be at the same temperature as the boiling liquid/solution, and no heat transfer could take place. It is also sometimes called vapor compression distillation (VCD). If compression is performed by a mechanically driven compressor or blower, this evaporation process is usually referred to as MVR (mechanical vapor recompression). In case of compression performed by high pressure motive steam ejectors, the process is usually called thermocompression, steam compression or ejectocompression. MVR process Energy input In this case the energy input to the system lies in the pumping energy of the compressor. The theoretical energy consumption will be equal to , where E is the total theoretical pumping energy Q is the mass of vapors passing through the compressor H1, H2 are the total heat content of unit mass of vapors, respectively upstream and downstream the compressor. In SI units, these are respectively measured in kJ, kg and kJ/kg. The actual energy input will be greater than the theoretical value and will depend on the efficiency of the system, which is usually between 30% and 60%. For example, suppose the theoretical energy input is 300 kJ and the efficiency is 30%. The actual energy input would be 300 x 100/30 = 1,000 kJ. In a large unit, the compression power is between 35 and 45 kW per metric ton of compressed vapors. Equipment for MVR evaporators The compressor is necessarily the core of the unit. Compressors used for this application are usually of the centrifugal type, or positive displacement units such as the Roots blowers, similar to the (much smaller) Roots type supercharger. Very large units (evaporation capacity 100 metric tons per hour or more) sometimes use Axial-flow compressors. The compression work will deliver the steam superheated if compared to the theoretical pressure/temperature equilibrium. For this reason, the vast majority of MVR units feature a desuperheater between the compressor and the main heat exchanger. Thermocompression Energy input The energy input is here given by the energy of a quantity of steam (motive steam), at a pressure higher than those of both the inlet and the outlet vapors. The quantity of compressed vapors is therefore higher than the inlet : Where Qd is the steam quantity at ejector delivery, Qs at ejector suction and Qm is the motive steam quantity. For this reason, a thermocompression evaporator often features a vapor condenser, due to the possible excess of steam necessary for the compression if compared with the steam required to evaporate the solution. The quantity Qm of motive steam per unit suction quantity is a function of both", "title": "Vapor-compression evaporation" }, { "docid": "180236", "text": "The Greisen–Zatsepin–Kuzmin limit (GZK limit or GZK cutoff) is a theoretical upper limit on the energy of cosmic ray protons traveling from other galaxies through the intergalactic medium to our galaxy. The limit is (50 EeV), or about 8 joules (the energy of a proton travelling at ≈ % the speed of light). The limit is set by the slowing effect of interactions of the protons with the microwave background radiation over long distances (≈ 160 million light-years). The limit is at the same order of magnitude as the upper limit for energy at which cosmic rays have experimentally been detected, although indeed some detections appear to have exceeded the limit, as noted below. For example, one extreme-energy cosmic ray, the Oh-My-God Particle, which has been found to possess a record-breaking (50 joules) of energy (about the same as the kinetic energy of a 95 km/h baseball). The precise GZK limit is derived under the assumption that ultra-high energy cosmic rays are protons. Measurements by the largest cosmic-ray observatory, the Pierre Auger Observatory, suggest that most ultra-high energy cosmic rays are heavier elements known as HZE ions. In this case, the argument behind the GZK limit does not apply in the originally simple form: however, as Greisen noted, the giant dipole resonance also occurs roughly in this energy range (at 10 EeV/nucleon) and similarly restricts very long-distance propagation. In the past, the apparent violation of the GZK limit has inspired cosmologists and theoretical physicists to suggest other ways that circumvent the limit. These theories propose that ultra-high energy cosmic rays are produced near our galaxy or that Lorentz covariance is violated in such a way that protons do not lose energy on their way to our galaxy. Computation The limit was independently computed in 1966 by Kenneth Greisen, Georgy Zatsepin, and Vadim Kuzmin based on interactions between cosmic rays and the photons of the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB). They predicted that cosmic rays with energies over the threshold energy of would interact with cosmic microwave background photons relatively blueshifted by the speed of the cosmic rays, to produce pions through the resonance, or Pions produced in this manner proceed to decay in the standard pion channels – ultimately to photons for neutral pions, and photons, positrons, and various neutrinos for positive pions. Neutrons also decay to similar products, so that ultimately the energy of any cosmic ray proton is drained off by production of high-energy photons plus (in some cases) high-energy electron–positron pairs and neutrino pairs. The pion production process begins at a higher energy than ordinary electron-positron pair production (lepton production) from protons impacting the CMB, which starts at cosmic-ray proton energies of only about . However, pion production events drain 20% of the energy of a cosmic-ray proton, as compared with only 0.1% of its energy for electron–positron pair production. This factor comes from two causes: The pion has a mass only about ~130 times the leptons, but the extra energy appears as different kinetic energies of", "title": "Greisen–Zatsepin–Kuzmin limit" }, { "docid": "23607380", "text": "Pyrgoteles () was one of the most celebrated gem-engravers of ancient Greece, living in the latter half of the 4th century BC. The esteem in which he was held may be inferred from an edict of Alexander the Great, which placed him on a level with Apelles and Lysippos, by naming him as the only artist who was permitted to engrave signet rings for the king. (Plin. H. N. vii. 37. s. 38, xxxvii. 1. s. 4.) Works Pyrgoteles was one of the three court artists authorized to depict Alexander the Great's figure in art (the others being Apelles for painting and Lysippos for sculpture). Pliny the Elder (Natural History 37.8) adds that Alexander had issued an edict forbidding anyone to engrave his image on emeralds, and other gems, outside of Pyrgoteles. Unfortunately, every thing else respecting Pyrgoteles is left to the unknown, due to the neglect of ancient writers and modern forgers, lack of remains, and so many copies coming out of that same time period. There are several works under the name of Pyrgoteles, but of these the best known have been demonstrated by Winckelmann to be forgeries, and very few of the others have any signs to authenticity due to the mass production of pieces with the name Pyrgoteles on them or just a \"P\". Despite the large impact that Pyrgoteles contributed to Alexander's imagery in the ancient world, we are today unable to identify all that much of his actual output. No signed pieces of his survive, or are able to be deemed authentic; however, when comparing sources this seems to be up in the air. With some sourcing speaking of his forgeries as if authentic and others only giving Prygoteles the label of gem engraver to Alexander. Various texts suggest that next to gem-engraving, Pyrgoteles was responsible for coin dies as well, and coinage was one of the main forms of propaganda and marketing of images in the ancient times. Coinage was the standard medium for diffusing royal imagery in the Hellenistic period and allowed emperors to be remembered and altered to fit the aspects of culture in said time periods. Alexander never had his actual portrait cut on his coins during his lifetime; however, after his image was highly produced in the later years after his death, though it is possible that Pyrgoteles was responsible for designing Alexander's first coin dies, which depict Herakles, Alexander's patron god, in dedication to Alexander. Following Alexander's premature death, Pyrgoteles would have most likely continued his career in the courts of his successors, which we know as Lysippos and Apelles, who shows up in much of the literature pertaining to Prygoteles, and are often associated with being his disciples and predecessors. Coin Dies In terms of work he did outside of engraving for Alexander, Pyrgoteles is often associated with the so-called Lysimachi, a long series of silver tetradrachms and gold octodrachms, or in other words, gold and silver coins issued by King Lysimachos of Thrace starting in 297/6", "title": "Pyrgoteles" }, { "docid": "14476384", "text": "In common usage, the mass of an object is often referred to as its weight, though these are in fact different concepts and quantities. Nevertheless, one object will always weigh more than another with less mass if both are subject to the same gravity (i.e. the same gravitational field strength). In scientific contexts, mass is the amount of \"matter\" in an object (though \"matter\" may be difficult to define), but weight is the force exerted on an object's matter by gravity. At the Earth's surface, an object whose mass is exactly one kilogram weighs approximately 9.81 newtons, the product of its mass and the gravitational field strength there. The object's weight is less on Mars, where gravity is weaker; more on Saturn, where gravity is stronger; and very small in space, far from significant sources of gravity, but it always has the same mass. Material objects at the surface of the Earth have weight despite such sometimes being difficult to measure. An object floating freely on water, for example, does not appear to have weight since it is buoyed by the water. But its weight can be measured if it is added to water in a container which is entirely supported by and weighed on a scale. Thus, the \"weightless object\" floating in water actually transfers its weight to the bottom of the container (where the pressure increases). Similarly, a balloon has mass but may appear to have no weight or even negative weight, due to buoyancy in air. However the weight of the balloon and the gas inside it has merely been transferred to a large area of the Earth's surface, making the weight difficult to measure. The weight of a flying airplane is similarly distributed to the ground, but does not disappear. If the airplane is in level flight, the same weight-force is distributed to the surface of the Earth as when the plane was on the runway, but spread over a larger area. A better scientific definition of mass is its description as being a measure of inertia, which is the tendency of an object to not change its current state of motion (to remain at constant velocity) unless acted on by an external unbalanced force. Gravitational \"weight\" is the force created when a mass is acted upon by a gravitational field and the object is not allowed to free-fall, but is supported or retarded by a mechanical force, such as the surface of a planet. Such a force constitutes weight. This force can be added to by any other kind of force. While the weight of an object varies in proportion to the strength of the gravitational field, its mass is constant, as long as no energy or matter is added to the object. For example, although a satellite in orbit (essentially a free-fall) is \"weightless\", it still retains its mass and inertia. Accordingly, even in orbit, an astronaut trying to accelerate the satellite in any direction is still required to exert force, and needs to", "title": "Mass versus weight" }, { "docid": "2855255", "text": "The limits of computation are governed by a number of different factors. In particular, there are several physical and practical limits to the amount of computation or data storage that can be performed with a given amount of mass, volume, or energy. Hardware limits or physical limits Processing and memory density The Bekenstein bound limits the amount of information that can be stored within a spherical volume to the entropy of a black hole with the same surface area. Thermodynamics limit the data storage of a system based on its energy, number of particles and particle modes. In practice, it is a stronger bound than the Bekenstein bound. Processing speed Bremermann's limit is the maximum computational speed of a self-contained system in the material universe, and is based on mass–energy versus quantum uncertainty constraints. Communication delays The Margolus–Levitin theorem sets a bound on the maximum computational speed per unit of energy: 6 × 1033 operations per second per joule. This bound, however, can be avoided if there is access to quantum memory. Computational algorithms can then be designed that require arbitrarily small amounts of energy/time per one elementary computation step. Energy supply Landauer's principle defines a lower theoretical limit for energy consumption: consumed per irreversible state change, where k is the Boltzmann constant and T is the operating temperature of the computer. Reversible computing is not subject to this lower bound. T cannot, even in theory, be made lower than 3 kelvins, the approximate temperature of the cosmic microwave background radiation, without spending more energy on cooling than is saved in computation. However, on a timescale of 109 – 1010 years, the cosmic microwave background radiation will be decreasing exponentially, which has been argued to eventually enable 1030 as much computations per unit of energy. Important parts of this argument have been disputed. Building devices that approach physical limits Several methods have been proposed for producing computing devices or data storage devices that approach physical and practical limits: A cold degenerate star could conceivably be used as a giant data storage device, by carefully perturbing it to various excited states, in the same manner as an atom or quantum well used for these purposes. Such a star would have to be artificially constructed, as no natural degenerate stars will cool to this temperature for an extremely long time. It is also possible that nucleons on the surface of neutron stars could form complex \"molecules\", which some have suggested might be used for computing purposes, creating a type of computronium based on femtotechnology, which would be faster and denser than computronium based on nanotechnology. It may be possible to use a black hole as a data storage or computing device, if a practical mechanism for extraction of contained information can be found. Such extraction may in principle be possible (Stephen Hawking's proposed resolution to the black hole information paradox). This would achieve storage density exactly equal to the Bekenstein bound. Seth Lloyd calculated the computational abilities of an \"ultimate laptop\" formed", "title": "Limits of computation" }, { "docid": "12757715", "text": "Everyman (Larry Ekler) is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Publication history The Everyman first appeared in Captain America #267 (Mar 1982) and was created by J. M. DeMatteis and Mike Zeck. He also appears in Marvel Team-Up #131-133 (July–September 1983). The character subsequently appears as Zeitgeist in Alpha Flight #78 (December 1989), and Captain America #390 (August 1991), #393 (October 1991), and #442 (August 1995), in which he is killed. Zeitgeist received an entry in the All-New Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe A-Z #12 (2006). A new, female Everyman named Lauren Fai was introduced in the 2018 limited series Luke Cage - Marvel Digital Original. Fictional character biography Larry Ekler was the son of hard-working Milton Ekler, who came from a lower-class background but never gave up on the American dream, although he eventually died penniless. Larry decided that the American dream was a sham. Larry intended to take up the cause of the common man and start a revolution. To really start things going, he and his followers became determined to publicly assassinate Captain America. Styling himself as a \"defender of the people\", Everyman sought to avenge his father's death on all of society. His primary weapon is a sword which can emit a lethal electrical shock. The Everyman challenged Captain America to a duel to the death at the Statue of Liberty. When he began to lose during the duel, Everyman took one of his own followers hostage, but that did not prevent Captain America from defeating him and taking him into custody. Reed Richards, also known as Mister Fantastic of the Fantastic Four, had been a longtime friend of Milton Ekler. When Richards learned of Larry's madness, he decided to take responsibility for him. However, the hospital where Larry was incarcerated was actually run by Doctor Faustus, who manipulated Ekler in a plot to destroy Reed Richards. Faustus sent Ekler with a device to drain Richards' psychic energy, intelligence, and self-confidence. Richards met with Ekler, but was unprepared for the brutal assault and was stunned, the ray leaving him with only a normal intelligence level. Spider-Man - who had dropped in to visit the Baxter Building shortly after Larry's attack - was able to help Richards track down Ekler, but Ekler was aided in his struggle thanks to his use of the Absorbascan, a device provided by Faustus that the doctor had claimed would allow him to bond with the masses around him and draw on their raw strength. However, Richards was able to convince Ekler to leave when he revealed that Ekler's use of the Absorbascan was actually draining the life-energies of the people around him rather than forming a benevolent link to him like he had been informed. After his departure, Spider-Man was able to help Richards develop a machine that would restore his intellect to what it had been before. As Zeitgeist Faustus used his Secret Empire ties to furnish Ekler with a new secret identity,", "title": "Everyman (Marvel Comics)" }, { "docid": "15523252", "text": "\"Dead Man Walking\" is the seventh episode of the second series of British science fiction television series Torchwood. It was broadcast by BBC Three and BBC HD on 20 February 2008; it made its terrestrial debut on BBC Two on 27 February. In the episode, Death uses the recently undead Torchwood team member Owen Harper (Burn Gorman) as a bridgehead to come through to Earth. Death seeks to take thirteen lives to remain on Earth permanently. Plot Synopsis Jack revives Owen using a resurrection glove, similar to the one used by Suzie and Gwen, after finding it in an abandoned church guarded by Weevils, as he does not wish to give up on Owen. As with Suzie, Owen was brought back from death permanently, although this time there is no obvious source. No energy was drained from Jack, as Suzie was draining energy from Gwen, but Owen is getting energy from somewhere. Owen has visions of himself shrouded in darkness and hearing whispers. He also temporarily loses control of his body when his eyes turn black and he speaks in an unknown language. Owen heads to a bar, where he discovers that his bodily processes have stopped, even though he still has electrical activity in the brain. Jack finds him and a brawl ensues, which results in their being arrested. Once outside, they encounter Weevils who chase them onto a rooftop. They are surprised to see the Weevils bow to Owen, who addresses the Weevils in the unknown language. Upon analysis, it is found that Owen's cells are changing, and upon 100% transformation something will happen. Research shows that a similar situation occurred in legend, and that Death came back with the revived person and searched for 13 victims, whose consumed souls would enable Death to remain in the world. The story details that \"Faith\" prevented it. Owen suggests that his neural pathways should be closed by being embalmed. During the process, the glove attacks Martha, ageing her rapidly. Owen shoots the gauntlet. Controlling Owen, Death then says, \"I will walk the earth forever, and my hunger shall know no bounds\". Death arrives at the hospital along with Torchwood to take 12 souls. Ianto, monitoring Martha, explains that the \"Faith\" which defeated Death was actually a resurrected child named Faith. When Torchwood evacuates the hospital, Owen realises that he is the only one who can defeat Death as he is dead. Owen fights Death, consuming its energy and forcing it back into the darkness, also restoring Martha to her original age. In the Hub, Martha explains that the energy keeping Owen undead is dissipating, and she is unsure how long it will last. Continuity The use of a second resurrection gauntlet leads to many references to that used by Suzie Costello in \"Everything Changes\" and \"They Keep Killing Suzie\". Ianto reprises his line \"That's the thing about gloves - they come in pairs...\" from the latter episode. Jack states in \"They Keep Killing Suzie\" that the first resurrection gauntlet fell", "title": "Dead Man Walking (Torchwood)" }, { "docid": "78879", "text": "Pan is the innermost named moon of Saturn. It is a small, ravioli-shaped moon approximately 35 kilometres across and 23 km wide that orbits within the Encke Gap in Saturn's A Ring. Pan is a ring shepherd and is responsible for keeping the Encke Gap free of ring particles. It is sometimes described as having the appearance of a walnut. It was discovered by Mark R. Showalter in 1990 from analysis of old Voyager 2 probe photos and received the provisional designation because the discovery images dated back to 1981. Prediction and discovery The existence of a moon in the Encke Gap was first predicted by Jeffrey N. Cuzzi and Jeffrey D. Scargle in 1985, based on wavy edges of the gap which indicated a gravitational disturbance. In 1986, Showalter et al. inferred its orbit and mass by modeling its gravitational wake. They arrived at a precise prediction of 133,603 ± 10 km for the semi-major axis and a mass of 5–10 Saturn masses, and inferred that there was only a single moon within the Encke gap. The actual semi-major axis differs by 19 km, and the actual mass is 8.6 of Saturn's. The moon was later found within 1° of the predicted position. The search was undertaken by considering all Voyager 2 images and using a computer calculation to predict whether the moon would be visible under sufficiently favorable conditions in each one. Every qualifying Voyager 2 image with a resolution better than ~50 km/pixel shows Pan clearly. In all, it appears in eleven Voyager 2 images. Name The moon was named on 16 September 1991 after the mythological Greek god named Pan, who was (among other things) the god of shepherds. This is a reference to Pan's role as a shepherd moon. It is also designated . Orbit The eccentricity of Pan's orbit causes its distance from Saturn to vary by ~4 km. Its inclination, which would cause it to move up and down, is not distinguishable from zero with present data. The Encke Gap, within which Pan orbits, is about 322 km wide. Geography Cassini scientists have described Pan as \"walnut-shaped\" owing to the equatorial ridge, similar to that on Atlas, that is visible in images. The ridge is due to ring material that Pan has swept up from the Encke gap. It has been referred to by journalists as a space empanada, a form of stuffed bread or pastry, as well as a ravioli. A new study suggests that the bizarre shape of Pan could also be due to collisions between tiny moonlets, thus causing them to merge and form Pan (known as the pyramidal regime formation scenario). Pandean ringlet The Encke Gap contains a ringlet that is coincident with Pan's orbit, indicating that Pan maintains the particles in horseshoe orbits. A second ringlet is periodically disrupted by Pan, similarly to how the F Ring is disturbed by Prometheus. Gallery See also List of natural satellites Notes References External links Pan Profile by NASA's Solar System", "title": "Pan (moon)" }, { "docid": "221047", "text": "Flow measurement is the quantification of bulk fluid movement. Flow can be measured using devices called flowmeters in various ways. The common types of flowmeters with industrial applications are listed below: Obstruction type (differential pressure or variable area) Inferential (turbine type) Electromagnetic Positive-displacement flowmeters, which accumulate a fixed volume of fluid and then count the number of times the volume is filled to measure flow. Fluid dynamic (vortex shedding) Anemometer Ultrasonic flow meter Mass flow meter (Coriolis force). Flow measurement methods other than positive-displacement flowmeters rely on forces produced by the flowing stream as it overcomes a known constriction, to indirectly calculate flow. Flow may be measured by measuring the velocity of fluid over a known area. For very large flows, tracer methods may be used to deduce the flow rate from the change in concentration of a dye or radioisotope. Kinds and units of measurement Both gas and liquid flow can be measured in physical quantities of kind volumetric flow rate or mass flow rates, with respective SI units such as cubic meters per second or kilograms per second, respectively. These measurements are related by the material's density. The density of a liquid is almost independent of conditions. This is not the case for gases, the densities of which depend greatly upon pressure, temperature and to a lesser extent, composition. When gases or liquids are transferred for their energy content, as in the sale of natural gas, the flow rate may also be expressed in terms of energy flow, such as gigajoule per hour or BTU per day. The energy flow rate is the volumetric flow rate multiplied by the energy content per unit volume or mass flow rate multiplied by the energy content per unit mass. Energy flow rate is usually derived from mass or volumetric flow rate by the use of a flow computer. In engineering contexts, the volumetric flow rate is usually given the symbol , and the mass flow rate, the symbol . For a fluid having density , mass and volumetric flow rates may be related by . Gas Gases are compressible and change volume when placed under pressure, are heated or are cooled. A volume of gas under one set of pressure and temperature conditions is not equivalent to the same gas under different conditions. References will be made to \"actual\" flow rate through a meter and \"standard\" or \"base\" flow rate through a meter with units such as acm/h (actual cubic meters per hour), sm3/sec (standard cubic meters per second), kscm/h (thousand standard cubic meters per hour), LFM (linear feet per minute), or MMSCFD (million standard cubic feet per day). Gas mass flow rate can be directly measured, independent of pressure and temperature effects, with ultrasonic flow meters, thermal mass flowmeters, Coriolis mass flowmeters, or mass flow controllers. Liquid For liquids, various units are used depending upon the application and industry, but might include gallons (U.S. or imperial) per minute, liters per second, liters per m2 per hour, bushels per minute or,", "title": "Flow measurement" }, { "docid": "2258380", "text": "In quantum field theory, the Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model (or more precisely: the Nambu and Jona-Lasinio model) is a complicated effective theory of nucleons and mesons constructed from interacting Dirac fermions with chiral symmetry, paralleling the construction of Cooper pairs from electrons in the BCS theory of superconductivity. The \"complicatedness\" of the theory has become more natural as it is now seen as a low-energy approximation of the still more basic theory of quantum chromodynamics, which does not work perturbatively at low energies. Overview The model is much inspired by the different field of solid state theory, particularly from the BCS breakthrough of 1957. The first inventor of the Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model, Yoichiro Nambu, also contributed essentially to the theory of superconductivity, i.e., by the \"Nambu formalism\". The second inventor was Giovanni Jona-Lasinio. The common paper of the authors that introduced the model appeared in 1961. A subsequent paper included chiral symmetry breaking, isospin and strangeness. At the same time, the same model was independently considered by Soviet physicists Valentin Vaks and Anatoly Larkin. The model is quite technical, although based essentially on symmetry principles. It is an example of the importance of four-fermion interactions and is defined in a spacetime with an even number of dimensions. It is still important and is used primarily as an effective although not rigorous low energy substitute for quantum chromodynamics. The dynamical creation of a condensate from fermion interactions inspired many theories of the breaking of electroweak symmetry, such as technicolor and the top-quark condensate. Starting with the one-flavor case first, the Lagrangian density is or, equivalently, The terms proportional to are an attractive four-fermion interaction, which parallels the BCS theory phonon exchange interaction. The global symmetry of the model is U(1)Q×U(1)χ where Q is the ordinary charge of the Dirac fermion and χ is the chiral charge. is actually an inverse squared mass, which represents short-distance physics or the strong interaction scale, producing an attractive four-fermion interaction. There is no bare fermion mass term because of the chiral symmetry. However, there will be a chiral condensate (but no confinement) leading to an effective mass term and a spontaneous symmetry breaking of the chiral symmetry, but not the charge symmetry. With N flavors and the flavor indices represented by the Latin letters a, b, c, the Lagrangian density becomes Chiral symmetry forbids a bare mass term, but there may be chiral condensates. The global symmetry here is SU(N)L×SU(N)R× U(1)Q × U(1)χ where SU(N)L×SU(N)R acting upon the left-handed flavors and right-handed flavors respectively is the chiral symmetry (in other words, there is no natural correspondence between the left-handed and the right-handed flavors), U(1)Q is the Dirac charge, which is sometimes called the baryon number and U(1)χ is the axial charge. If a chiral condensate forms, then the chiral symmetry is spontaneously broken into a diagonal subgroup SU(N) since the condensate leads to a pairing of the left-handed and the right-handed flavors. The axial charge is also spontaneously broken. The broken symmetries lead to massless pseudoscalar bosons which", "title": "Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model" }, { "docid": "11423396", "text": "In nuclear power technology, burnup (also known as fuel utilization) is a measure of how much energy is extracted from a primary nuclear fuel source. It is measured as the fraction of fuel atoms that underwent fission in %FIMA (fissions per initial metal atom) or %FIFA (fissions per initial fissile atom) as well as, preferably, the actual energy released per mass of initial fuel in gigawatt-days/metric ton of heavy metal (GWd/tHM), or similar units. Measures of burnup Expressed as a percentage: if 5% of the initial heavy metal atoms have undergone fission, the burnup is 5%FIMA. If these 5% were the total of 235U that were in the fuel at the beginning, the burnup is 100%FIFA (as 235U is fissile and the other 95% heavy metals like 238U are not). In reactor operations, this percentage is difficult to measure, so the alternative definition is preferred. This can be computed by multiplying the thermal power of the plant by the time of operation and dividing by the mass of the initial fuel loading. For example, if a 3000 MW thermal (equivalent to 1000 MW electric at 30% efficiency, which is typical of US LWRs) plant uses 24 tonnes of enriched uranium (tU) and operates at full power for 1 year, the average burnup of the fuel is (3000 MW·365 d)/24 metric tonnes = 45.63 GWd/t, or 45,625 MWd/tHM (where HM stands for heavy metal, meaning actinides like thorium, uranium, plutonium, etc.). Converting between percent and energy/mass requires knowledge of κ, the thermal energy released per fission event. A typical value is 193.7 MeV () of thermal energy per fission (see Nuclear fission). With this value, the maximum burnup of 100%FIMA, which includes fissioning not just fissile content but also the other fissionable nuclides, is equivalent to about 909 GWd/t. Nuclear engineers often use this to roughly approximate 10% burnup as just less than 100 GWd/t. The actual fuel may be any actinide that can support a chain reaction (meaning it is fissile), including uranium, plutonium, and more exotic transuranic fuels. This fuel content is often referred to as the heavy metal to distinguish it from other metals present in the fuel, such as those used for cladding. The heavy metal is typically present as either metal or oxide, but other compounds such as carbides or other salts are possible. History Generation II reactors were typically designed to achieve about 40 GWd/tU. With newer fuel technology, and particularly the use of nuclear poisons, these same reactors are now capable of achieving up to 60 GWd/tU. After so many fissions have occurred, the build-up of fission products poisons the chain reaction and the reactor must be shut down and refueled. Some more-advanced light-water reactor designs are expected to achieve over 90 GWd/t of higher-enriched fuel. Fast reactors are more immune to fission-product poisoning and can inherently reach higher burnups in one cycle. In 1985, the EBR-II reactor at Argonne National Laboratory took metallic fuel up to 19.9% burnup, or just under 200 GWd/t.", "title": "Burnup" }, { "docid": "4150495", "text": "The Schofield Equation is a method of estimating the basal metabolic rate (BMR) of adult men and women published in 1985. This is the equation used by the WHO in their technical report series. The equation that is recommended to estimate BMR by the US Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics is the Mifflin-St. Jeor equation. The equations for estimating BMR in kJ/day (kilojoules per day) from body mass (kg) are: Men: Women: The equations for estimating BMR in kcal/day (kilocalories per day) from body mass (kg) are: Men: Women: Key: W = Body weight in kilograms SEE = Standard error of estimation The raw figure obtained by the equation should be adjusted up or downwards, within the confidence limit suggested by the quoted estimation errors, and according to the following principles: Subjects leaner and more muscular than usual require more energy than the average. Obese subjects require less. Patients at the young end of the age range for a given equation require more energy. Patients at the high end of the age range for a given equation require less energy. Effects of age and body mass may cancel out: an obese 30-year-old or an athletic 60-year-old may need no adjustment from the raw figure. Physical activity levels To find total body energy expenditure (actual energy needed per day), the base metabolism must then be multiplied by an physical activity level factor. These are as follows: The FAO/WHO uses different PALs in their recommendations when recommending how to calculate TEE. See Table 5.3 of their working document. Energy Requirements of Adults, Report of a Joint FAO/WHO/UNU Expert Consultation. These equations were published in 1989 in the dietary guidelines and formed the RDA's for a number of years. The activity factor used by the USDA was 1.6. In the UK, a lower activity factor of 1.4 is used. The equation has now been replaced by the Institute of Medicine Equation in September 2002 in the US, however is still currently used by the FAO/WHO/UNU. See also Harris–Benedict equation Institute of Medicine Equation References Mass Nutrition Obesity", "title": "Schofield equation" }, { "docid": "530217", "text": "The energy value of coal, or fuel content, is the amount of potential energy coal contains that can be converted into heat. This value can be calculated and compared with different grades of coal and other combustible materials, which produce different amounts of heat according to their grade. While chemistry provides ways of calculating the heating value of a certain amount of a substance, there is a difference between this theoretical value and its application to real coal. The grade of a sample of coal does not precisely define its chemical composition, so calculating the coal's actual usefulness as a fuel requires determining its proximate and ultimate analysis (see \"Chemical Composition\" below). Chemical composition Chemical composition of the coal is defined in terms of its proximate and ultimate (elemental) analyses. The parameters of proximate analysis are moisture, volatile matter, ash, and fixed carbon. Elemental or ultimate analysis encompasses the quantitative determination of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen within the coal. Additionally, specific physical and mechanical properties of coal and particular carbonization properties The calorific value Q of coal [kJ/kg] is the heat liberated by its complete combustion with oxygen. Q is a complex function of the elemental composition of the coal. Q can be determined experimentally using calorimeters. Dulong suggests the following approximate formula for Q when the oxygen content is less than 10%: Q = 337C + 1442(H - O/8) + 93S, where C is the mass percent of carbon, H is the mass percent of hydrogen, O is the mass percent of oxygen, and S is the mass percent of sulfur in the coal. With these constants, Q is given in kilojoules per kilogram. See also Coal assay techniques Energies per unit mass Heat of combustion References \"Using Charcoal Efficiently.\" Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Retrieved 10 Nov 2011. \"Combustion Training.\" (c)2011 E Instruments International, LLC. Coal technology Thermodynamic properties", "title": "Energy value of coal" }, { "docid": "22965409", "text": "The subfamily Mormyrinae contains all but one of the genera of the African freshwater fish family Mormyridae in the order Osteoglossiformes. They are often called elephantfish due to a long protrusion below their mouths used to detect buried invertebrates that is suggestive of a tusk or trunk (some such as Marcusenius senegalensis gracilis are sometimes called trunkfish though this term is usually associated with an unrelated group of fish). They can also be called tapirfish. Fish in this subfamily have a high brain to body mass ratio due to an expanded cerebellum (called a gigantocerebellum) used in their electroperception. Linked to this they are notable for holding the zoological record at around 60% as the brains that consume the most energy as a percentage of the body's metabolic rate of any animal. Previous to this discovery, it was the “human brain, which had been thought to hold the record in this respect”.p. 605 The human brain in comparison uses only 20%. Mormyrinae is the largest subfamily in the Osteoglossiformes order with around 170 species. Unique brain percentage of body energy consumption The range with which the adult brain in all animals regardless of body size consumes energy as a percentage of the body's energy is roughly 2% to 8%. The only exceptions of animal brains using more than 10% (in terms of O2 intake) are a few primates (11–13%) and humans. However, research published in 1996 in The Journal of Experimental Biology by Göran Nilsson at Uppsala University found that mormyrinae brains utilize roughly 60% of their body O2 consumption. This is due to the combination of large brain size (3.1% of body mass compared to 2% in humans) and them being ectothermic. The body energy expenditure of ectothermic animals is about 1/13 of that of endotherms but the energy expenditure of the brains of both ectothermic and endothermic animals are similar. Other high brain percentage (2.6–3.7 % of the body mass) animals exist such as bats, swallows, crows and sparrows but these due to their endothermy also have high body energy metabolism. The unusual high brain energy consumption percentage of mormyrinae fish is thus due to them having the unusual combination of a large brain in a low energy consuming body. The actual energy consumption per unit mass of its brain is not in fact particularly high and indeed lower (2.02 mg g1 h1) than that in some other fish such as Salmonidae (2.20 mg g−1 h−1). In comparison, that of rats is 6.02 mg g−1 h−1 and humans 2.61 mg g−1 h−1.Table 1 The oxygen for this in low oxygen conditions comes from gulping air at the water surface. Large brains Unlike mammals, the part of the brain enlarged in mormyrinae fish is the cerebellum not the cerebrum and reflecting this is called a gigantocerebellum. This enlarged cerebellum links to their electroreception. They generate weak electrical fields from specialized electric organ muscles. To detect these fields from those created by other mormyrinae fish, their prey animals, and how", "title": "Mormyrinae" }, { "docid": "59877", "text": "The molar gas constant (also known as the gas constant, universal gas constant, or ideal gas constant) is denoted by the symbol or . It is the molar equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per amount of substance, rather than energy per temperature increment per particle. The constant is also a combination of the constants from Boyle's law, Charles's law, Avogadro's law, and Gay-Lussac's law. It is a physical constant that is featured in many fundamental equations in the physical sciences, such as the ideal gas law, the Arrhenius equation, and the Nernst equation. The gas constant is the constant of proportionality that relates the energy scale in physics to the temperature scale and the scale used for amount of substance. Thus, the value of the gas constant ultimately derives from historical decisions and accidents in the setting of units of energy, temperature and amount of substance. The Boltzmann constant and the Avogadro constant were similarly determined, which separately relate energy to temperature and particle count to amount of substance. The gas constant R is defined as the Avogadro constant NA multiplied by the Boltzmann constant k (or kB): Since the 2019 redefinition of SI base units, both NA and k are defined with exact numerical values when expressed in SI units. As a consequence, the SI value of the molar gas constant is exactly . Some have suggested that it might be appropriate to name the symbol R the Regnault constant in honour of the French chemist Henri Victor Regnault, whose accurate experimental data were used to calculate the early value of the constant. However, the origin of the letter R to represent the constant is elusive. The universal gas constant was apparently introduced independently by Clausius' student, A.F. Horstmann (1873) and Dmitri Mendeleev who reported it first on Sep. 12, 1874. Using his extensive measurements of the properties of gases, Mendeleev also calculated it with high precision, within 0.3% of its modern value. The gas constant occurs in the ideal gas law: where P is the absolute pressure, V is the volume of gas, n is the amount of substance, m is the mass, and T is the thermodynamic temperature. Rspecific is the mass-specific gas constant. The gas constant is expressed in the same unit as are molar entropy and molar heat. Dimensions From the ideal gas law PV = nRT we get: where P is pressure, V is volume, n is number of moles of a given substance, and T is temperature. As pressure is defined as force per area of measurement, the gas equation can also be written as: Area and volume are (length)2 and (length)3 respectively. Therefore: Since force × length = work: The physical significance of R is work per mole per degree. It may be expressed in any set of units representing work or energy (such as joules), units representing degrees of temperature on an absolute scale (such as kelvin or rankine), and any system of", "title": "Gas constant" }, { "docid": "22187062", "text": "Stream power, originally derived by R. A. Bagnold in the 1960s, is the amount of energy the water in a river or stream is exerting on the sides and bottom of the river. Stream power is the result of multiplying the density of the water, the acceleration of the water due to gravity, the volume of water flowing through the river, and the slope of that water. There are many forms of the stream power formula with varying utilities, such as comparing rivers of various widths or quantifying the energy required to move sediment of a certain size. Stream power is closely related to other criteria such as stream competency and shear stress. Stream power is a valuable measurement for hydrologists and geomorphologists tackling sediment transport issues as well as for civil engineers, who use it in the planning and construction of roads, bridges, dams, and culverts. History Although many authors had suggested the use of power formulas in sediment transport in the decades preceding Bagnold's work, and in fact Bagnold himself suggested it a decade before putting it into practice in one of his other works, it wasn't until 1966 that R. A. Bagnold tested this theory experimentally to validate whether it would indeed work or not. This was successful and since then, many variations and applications of stream power have surfaced. The lack of fixed guidelines on how to define stream power in this early stage lead to many authors publishing work under the name \"stream power\" while not always measuring the entity in the same way; this led to partially failed efforts to establish naming conventions for the various forms of the formula by Rhoads two decades later in 1986. Today stream power is still used and new ways of applying it are still being discovered and researched, with a large integration into modern numerical models utilizing computer simulations. Derivation It can be derived by the fact that if the water is not accelerating and the river cross-section stays constant (generally good assumptions for an averaged reach of a stream over a modest distance), all of the potential energy lost as the water flows downstream must be used up in friction or work against the bed: none can be added to kinetic energy. Therefore, the potential energy drop is equal to the work done to the bed and banks, which is the stream power. We know that change in potential energy over change in time is given by the equation:where water mass and gravitational acceleration are constant. We can use the channel slope and the stream velocity as a stand-in for : the water will lose elevation at a rate given by the downward component of velocity . For a channel slope (as measured from the horizontal) of :where is the downstream flow velocity. It is noted that for small angles, . Rewriting the first equation, we now have:Remembering that power is energy per time and using the equivalence between work against the bed and loss in", "title": "Stream power" }, { "docid": "1085343", "text": "In nuclear physics, the semi-empirical mass formula (SEMF) (sometimes also called the Weizsäcker formula, Bethe–Weizsäcker formula, or Bethe–Weizsäcker mass formula to distinguish it from the Bethe–Weizsäcker process) is used to approximate the mass of an atomic nucleus from its number of protons and neutrons. As the name suggests, it is based partly on theory and partly on empirical measurements. The formula represents the liquid-drop model proposed by George Gamow, which can account for most of the terms in the formula and gives rough estimates for the values of the coefficients. It was first formulated in 1935 by German physicist Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker, and although refinements have been made to the coefficients over the years, the structure of the formula remains the same today. The formula gives a good approximation for atomic masses and thereby other effects. However, it fails to explain the existence of lines of greater binding energy at certain numbers of protons and neutrons. These numbers, known as magic numbers, are the foundation of the nuclear shell model. The liquid-drop model The liquid-drop model was first proposed by George Gamow and further developed by Niels Bohr, John Archibald Wheeler and Lise Meitner . It treats the nucleus as a drop of incompressible fluid of very high density, held together by the nuclear force (a residual effect of the strong force), there is a similarity to the structure of a spherical liquid drop. While a crude model, the liquid-drop model accounts for the spherical shape of most nuclei and makes a rough prediction of binding energy. The corresponding mass formula is defined purely in terms of the numbers of protons and neutrons it contains. The original Weizsäcker formula defines five terms: Volume energy, when an assembly of nucleons of the same size is packed together into the smallest volume, each interior nucleon has a certain number of other nucleons in contact with it. So, this nuclear energy is proportional to the volume. Surface energy corrects for the previous assumption made that every nucleon interacts with the same number of other nucleons. This term is negative and proportional to the surface area, and is therefore roughly equivalent to liquid surface tension. Coulomb energy, the potential energy from each pair of protons. As this is a repelling force, the binding energy is reduced. Asymmetry energy (also called Pauli energy), which accounts for the Pauli exclusion principle. Unequal numbers of neutrons and protons imply filling higher energy levels for one type of particle, while leaving lower energy levels vacant for the other type. Pairing energy, which accounts for the tendency of proton pairs and neutron pairs to occur. An even number of particles is more stable than an odd number due to spin coupling. The formula The mass of an atomic nucleus, for neutrons, protons, and therefore nucleons, is given by where and are the rest mass of a proton and a neutron respectively, and is the binding energy of the nucleus. The semi-empirical mass formula states the binding energy is", "title": "Semi-empirical mass formula" }, { "docid": "104646", "text": "The gravitational binding energy of a system is the minimum energy which must be added to it in order for the system to cease being in a gravitationally bound state. A gravitationally bound system has a lower (i.e., more negative) gravitational potential energy than the sum of the energies of its parts when these are completely separated—this is what keeps the system aggregated in accordance with the minimum total potential energy principle. For a spherical body of uniform density, the gravitational binding energy U is given by the formula where G is the gravitational constant, M is the mass of the sphere, and R is its radius. Assuming that the Earth is a sphere of uniform density (which it is not, but is close enough to get an order-of-magnitude estimate) with M = and r = , then U = . This is roughly equal to one week of the Sun's total energy output. It is , 60% of the absolute value of the potential energy per kilogram at the surface. The actual depth-dependence of density, inferred from seismic travel times (see Adams–Williamson equation), is given in the Preliminary Reference Earth Model (PREM). Using this, the real gravitational binding energy of Earth can be calculated numerically as U = . According to the virial theorem, the gravitational binding energy of a star is about two times its internal thermal energy in order for hydrostatic equilibrium to be maintained. As the gas in a star becomes more relativistic, the gravitational binding energy required for hydrostatic equilibrium approaches zero and the star becomes unstable (highly sensitive to perturbations), which may lead to a supernova in the case of a high-mass star due to strong radiation pressure or to a black hole in the case of a neutron star. Derivation for a uniform sphere The gravitational binding energy of a sphere with radius is found by imagining that it is pulled apart by successively moving spherical shells to infinity, the outermost first, and finding the total energy needed for that. Assuming a constant density , the masses of a shell and the sphere inside it are: and The required energy for a shell is the negative of the gravitational potential energy: Integrating over all shells yields: Since is simply equal to the mass of the whole divided by its volume for objects with uniform density, therefore And finally, plugging this into our result leads to Negative mass component Two bodies, placed at the distance R from each other and reciprocally not moving, exert a gravitational force on a third body slightly smaller when R is small. This can be seen as a negative mass component of the system, equal, for uniformly spherical solutions, to: For example, the fact that Earth is a gravitationally-bound sphere of its current size costs of mass (roughly one fourth the mass of Phobos – see above for the same value in Joules), and if its atoms were sparse over an arbitrarily large volume the Earth would weigh its", "title": "Gravitational binding energy" }, { "docid": "1362465", "text": "The classical electron radius is a combination of fundamental physical quantities that define a length scale for problems involving an electron interacting with electromagnetic radiation. It links the classical electrostatic self-interaction energy of a homogeneous charge distribution to the electron's relativistic mass-energy. According to modern understanding, the electron is a point particle with a point charge and no spatial extent. Nevertheless, it is useful to define a length that characterizes electron interactions in atomic-scale problems. The classical electron radius is given as where is the elementary charge, is the electron mass, is the speed of light, and is the permittivity of free space. This numerical value is several times larger than the radius of the proton. In cgs units, the permittivity factor and do not enter, but the classical electron radius has the same value. The classical electron radius is sometimes known as the Lorentz radius or the Thomson scattering length. It is one of a trio of related scales of length, the other two being the Bohr radius and the reduced Compton wavelength of the electron . Any one of these three length scales can be written in terms of any other using the fine-structure constant : Derivation The classical electron radius length scale can be motivated by considering the energy necessary to assemble an amount of charge into a sphere of a given radius . The electrostatic potential at a distance from a charge is . To bring an additional amount of charge from infinity necessitates putting energy into the system, , by an amount . If the sphere is assumed to have constant charge density, , then and . Integrating for from zero to the final radius yields the expression for the total energy , necessary to assemble the total charge into a uniform sphere of radius : . This is called the electrostatic self-energy of the object. The charge is now interpreted as the electron charge, , and the energy is set equal to the relativistic mass–energy of the electron, , and the numerical factor 3/5 is ignored as being specific to the special case of a uniform charge density. The radius is then defined to be the classical electron radius, , and one arrives at the expression given above. Note that this derivation does not say that is the actual radius of an electron. It only establishes a dimensional link between electrostatic self energy and the mass–energy scale of the electron. Discussion The classical electron radius appears in the classical limit of modern theories as well, including non-relativistic Thomson scattering and the relativistic Klein–Nishina formula. Also, is roughly the length scale at which renormalization becomes important in quantum electrodynamics. That is, at short-enough distances, quantum fluctuations within the vacuum of space surrounding an electron begin to have calculable effects that have measurable consequences in atomic and particle physics. Based on the assumption of a simple mechanical model, attempts to model the electron as a non-point particle have been described by some as ill-conceived and counter-pedagogic.", "title": "Classical electron radius" }, { "docid": "1739569", "text": "Mass-independent isotope fractionation or Non-mass-dependent fractionation (NMD), refers to any chemical or physical process that acts to separate isotopes, where the amount of separation does not scale in proportion with the difference in the masses of the isotopes. Most isotopic fractionations (including typical kinetic fractionations and equilibrium fractionations) are caused by the effects of the mass of an isotope on atomic or molecular velocities, diffusivities or bond strengths. Mass-independent fractionation processes are less common, occurring mainly in photochemical and spin-forbidden reactions. Observation of mass-independently fractionated materials can therefore be used to trace these types of reactions in nature and in laboratory experiments. Mass-independent fractionation in nature The most notable examples of mass-independent fractionation in nature are found in the isotopes of oxygen and sulfur. The first example was discovered by Robert N. Clayton, Toshiko Mayeda, and Lawrence Grossman in 1973, in the oxygen isotopic composition of refractory calcium–aluminium-rich inclusions in the Allende meteorite. The inclusions, thought to be among the oldest solid materials in the Solar System, show a pattern of low 18O/16O and 17O/16O relative to samples from the Earth and Moon. Both ratios vary by the same amount in the inclusions, although the mass difference between 18O and 16O is almost twice as large as the difference between 17O and 16O. Originally this was interpreted as evidence of incomplete mixing of 16O-rich material (created and distributed by a large star in a supernova) into the Solar nebula. However, recent measurement of the oxygen-isotope composition of the Solar wind, using samples collected by the Genesis spacecraft, shows that the most 16O-rich inclusions are close to the bulk composition of the solar system. This implies that Earth, the Moon, Mars, and asteroids all formed from 18O- and 17O-enriched material. Photodissociation of carbon monoxide in the Solar nebula has been proposed to explain this isotope fractionation. Mass-independent fractionation also has been observed in ozone. Large, 1:1 enrichments of 18O/16O and 17O/16O in ozone were discovered in laboratory synthesis experiments by Mark Thiemens and John Heidenreich in 1983, and later found in stratospheric air samples measured by Konrad Mauersberger. These enrichments were eventually traced to the three-body ozone formation reaction. O + O2 → O3 + M → O3 + M* Theoretical calculations by Rudolph Marcus and others suggest that the enrichments are the result of a combination of mass-dependent and mass-independent kinetic isotope effects (KIE) involving the excited state O3* intermediate related to some unusual symmetry properties. The mass-dependent isotope effect occurs in asymmetric species, and arises from the difference in zero-point energy of the two formation channels available (e.g., 18O16O + 16O vs 18O + 16O16O for formation of 18O16O16O.) These mass-dependent zero-point energy effects cancel one another out and do not affect the enrichment in heavy isotopes observed in ozone. The mass-independent enrichment in ozone is still not fully understood, but may be due to isotopically symmetric O3* having a shorter lifetime than asymmetric O3*, thus not allowing a statistical distribution of energy throughout all the degrees of freedom,", "title": "Mass-independent fractionation" }, { "docid": "24731", "text": "The positron or antielectron is the particle with an electric charge of +1e, a spin of 1/2 (the same as the electron), and the same mass as an electron. It is the antiparticle (antimatter counterpart) of the electron. When a positron collides with an electron, annihilation occurs. If this collision occurs at low energies, it results in the production of two or more photons. Positrons can be created by positron emission radioactive decay (through weak interactions), or by pair production from a sufficiently energetic photon which is interacting with an atom in a material. History Theory In 1928, Paul Dirac published a paper proposing that electrons can have both a positive and negative charge. This paper introduced the Dirac equation, a unification of quantum mechanics, special relativity, and the then-new concept of electron spin to explain the Zeeman effect. The paper did not explicitly predict a new particle but did allow for electrons having either positive or negative energy as solutions. Hermann Weyl then published a paper discussing the mathematical implications of the negative energy solution. The positive-energy solution explained experimental results, but Dirac was puzzled by the equally valid negative-energy solution that the mathematical model allowed. Quantum mechanics did not allow the negative energy solution to simply be ignored, as classical mechanics often did in such equations; the dual solution implied the possibility of an electron spontaneously jumping between positive and negative energy states. However, no such transition had yet been observed experimentally. Dirac wrote a follow-up paper in December 1929 that attempted to explain the unavoidable negative-energy solution for the relativistic electron. He argued that \"... an electron with negative energy moves in an external [electromagnetic] field as though it carries a positive charge.\" He further asserted that all of space could be regarded as a \"sea\" of negative energy states that were filled, so as to prevent electrons jumping between positive energy states (negative electric charge) and negative energy states (positive charge). The paper also explored the possibility of the proton being an island in this sea, and that it might actually be a negative-energy electron. Dirac acknowledged that the proton having a much greater mass than the electron was a problem, but expressed \"hope\" that a future theory would resolve the issue. Robert Oppenheimer argued strongly against the proton being the negative-energy electron solution to Dirac's equation. He asserted that if it were, the hydrogen atom would rapidly self-destruct. Weyl in 1931 showed that the negative-energy electron must have the same mass as that of the positive-energy electron. Persuaded by Oppenheimer's and Weyl's argument, Dirac published a paper in 1931 that predicted the existence of an as-yet-unobserved particle that he called an \"anti-electron\" that would have the same mass and the opposite charge as an electron and that would mutually annihilate upon contact with an electron. Richard Feynman, and earlier Ernst Stueckelberg, proposed an interpretation of the positron as an electron moving backward in time, reinterpreting the negative-energy solutions of the Dirac equation. Electrons moving backward", "title": "Positron" }, { "docid": "23690843", "text": "In physics, the concept of absolute rotation—rotation independent of any external reference—is a topic of debate about relativity, cosmology, and the nature of physical laws. For the concept of absolute rotation to be scientifically meaningful, it must be measurable. In other words, can an observer distinguish between the rotation of an observed object and their own rotation? Newton suggested two experiments to resolve this problem. One is the effects of centrifugal force upon the shape of the surface of water rotating in a bucket, equivalent to the phenomenon of rotational gravity used in proposals for human spaceflight. The second is the effect of centrifugal force upon the tension in a string joining two spheres rotating about their center of mass. Classical mechanics Newton's bucket argument Newton suggested the shape of the surface of the water indicates the presence or absence of absolute rotation relative to absolute space: rotating water has a curved surface, still water has a flat surface. Because rotating water has a concave surface, if the surface you see is concave, and the water does not seem to you to be rotating, then you are rotating with the water. Centrifugal force is needed to explain the concavity of the water in a co-rotating frame of reference (one that rotates with the water) because the water appears stationary in this frame, and so should have a flat surface. Thus, observers looking at the stationary water need the centrifugal force to explain why the water surface is concave and not flat. The centrifugal force pushes the water toward the sides of the bucket, where it piles up deeper and deeper, Pile-up is arrested when any further climb costs as much work against gravity as is the energy gained from the centrifugal force, which is greater at larger radius. If you need a centrifugal force to explain what you see, then you are rotating. Newton's conclusion was that rotation is absolute. Other thinkers suggest that pure logic implies only relative rotation makes sense. For example, Bishop Berkeley and Ernst Mach (among others) suggested that it is relative rotation with respect to the fixed stars that matters, and rotation of the fixed stars relative to an object has the same effect as rotation of the object with respect to the fixed stars. Newton's arguments do not settle this issue; his arguments may be viewed, however, as establishing centrifugal force as a basis for an operational definition of what we actually mean by absolute rotation. Rotating spheres Newton also proposed another experiment to measure one's rate of rotation: using the tension in a cord joining two spheres rotating about their center of mass. Non-zero tension in the string indicates rotation of the spheres, whether or not the observer thinks they are rotating. This experiment is simpler than the bucket experiment in principle, because it need not involve gravity. Beyond a simple \"yes or no\" answer to rotation, one may actually calculate one's rotation. To do that, one takes one's measured rate of rotation", "title": "Absolute rotation" }, { "docid": "44044088", "text": "The paradox of a charge in a gravitational field is an apparent physical paradox in the context of general relativity. A charged particle at rest in a gravitational field, such as on the surface of the Earth, must be supported by a force to prevent it from falling. According to the equivalence principle, it should be indistinguishable from a particle in flat spacetime being accelerated by a force. Maxwell's equations say that an accelerated charge should radiate electromagnetic waves, yet such radiation is not observed for stationary particles in gravitational fields. One of the first to study this problem was Max Born in his 1909 paper about the consequences of a charge in uniformly accelerated frame. Earlier concerns and possible solutions were raised by Wolfgang Pauli (1918), Max von Laue (1919), and others, but the most recognized work on the subject is the resolution of Thomas Fulton and Fritz Rohrlich in 1960. Background It is a standard result from Maxwell's equations of classical electrodynamics that an accelerated charge radiates. That is, it produces an electric field that falls off as in addition to its rest-frame Coulomb field. This radiation electric field has an accompanying magnetic field, and the whole oscillating electromagnetic radiation field propagates independently of the accelerated charge, carrying away momentum and energy. The energy in the radiation is provided by the work that accelerates the charge. The theory of general relativity is built on the equivalence principle of gravitation and inertia. This principle states that it is impossible to distinguish through any local measurement whether one is in a gravitational field or being accelerated. An elevator out in deep space, far from any planet, could mimic a gravitational field to its occupants if it could be accelerated continuously \"upward\". Whether the acceleration is from motion or from gravity makes no difference in the laws of physics. One can also understand it in terms of the equivalence of so-called gravitational mass and inertial mass. The mass in Newton's law of universal gravitation (gravitational mass) is the same as the mass in Newton's second law of motion (inertial mass). They cancel out when equated, with the result discovered by Galileo Galilei in 1638, that all bodies fall at the same rate in a gravitational field, independent of their mass. A famous demonstration of this principle was performed on the Moon during the Apollo 15 mission, when a hammer and a feather were dropped at the same time and struck the surface at the same time. Closely tied in with this equivalence is the fact that gravity vanishes in free fall. For objects falling in an elevator whose cable is cut, all gravitational forces vanish, and things begin to look like the free-floating absence of forces one sees in videos from the International Space Station. It is a linchpin of general relativity that everything must fall together in free fall. Just as with acceleration versus gravity, no experiment should be able to distinguish the effects of free fall in a gravitational", "title": "Paradox of radiation of charged particles in a gravitational field" }, { "docid": "191593", "text": "Human potential is the capacity for humans to improve themselves through studying, training, and practice, to reach the limit of their ability to develop aptitudes and skills. \"Inherent within the notion of human potential is the belief that in reaching their full potential an individual will be able to lead a happy and more fulfilled life\". Meaning and scope The term potential generally refers to a currently unrealized ability. The term is used in a wide variety of fields, from physics to the social sciences to indicate things that are in a state where they are able to change in ways ranging from the simple release of energy by objects to the realization of abilities in people. The philosopher Aristotle incorporated this concept into his theory of potentiality and actuality, a pair of closely connected principles which he used to analyze motion, causality, ethics, and physiology in his Physics, Metaphysics, Nicomachean Ethics and De Anima, which is about the human psyche. That which is potential can theoretically be made actual by taking the right action; for example, a boulder on the edge of a cliff has potential to fall that could be actualized by pushing it over the edge, and a person whose natural aptitudes give them the potential to be a great pianist can actualize that potential by diligently practicing playing the piano. The concept of developing potential is sometimes described in terms of becoming the best version of oneself. Persons who are believed to have a degree of potential that they do not pursue are often described as having failed to \"live up to their potential\". Early conceptions of human potential suggested that the full potential of any person was innate in that person from before their birth, possibly from the moment of their conception. More recent definitions have encompassed both internal and societal influences. Human-potential model According to the American Psychological Association, the human-potential model is an approach in the field of Education that \"emphasizes the importance of helping learners to achieve the maximum development of their potential in all aspects of their functioning\". It is related to and draws from the associated field of humanistic psychology. Human Potential Movement The Human Potential Movement was a particular counterculture movement started in the 1960s with a focus of maximizing human potential. It was influenced by the work of those such as Abraham Maslow, and took the form of a type of psychological philosophy. See also Maslow's hierarchy of needs, psychological theory regarding behavioral motivation and self-actualization Personal development, activities over the course of a person's life that contribute to things such as the improvement of awareness and identity Social development theory, which attempts to explain qualitative changes in the structure and framework of society, that help the society to better realize aims and objectives References Human development", "title": "Human potential" }, { "docid": "13807214", "text": "The Wheel of Darkness is a novel by Douglas Preston and Lincoln Child released on August 28, 2007 by Grand Central Publishing. This is the eighth book in the Special Agent Pendergast series. It entered The New York Times Best Seller list at number two on September 16, 2007, and remained on the list for five weeks. Plot summary This novel picks up shortly following the events depicted in The Book of the Dead. Agent Pendergast and his ward, Constance Greene, are studying in Tibet with Buddhist monks; they are recuperating from the events depicted in the novel The Book of the Dead. An artifact is stolen from the monastery, and the monks ask if Pendergast can retrieve it. Pendergast pursues the thief and artifact through China, Rome, and London. He finds that the original thief was killed and the artifact stolen by someone else. He and Constance track the killer to a new luxury ocean liner, the Britannia which is headed to New York City. Aboard the ship, Pendergast quickly eliminates all but a few possible suspects. He coerces the ships' guards to help him in exchange for helping them stop cheaters at the casino on the ship. The killer is murdering random people on the ship and everyone is panicking. There is also a mysterious shadow thing being sighted and causing inevitable panic. The captain refuses to go to the nearest port, which creates more problems. Fearing the loss of a life over the loss of profit, the crew mutinies and puts a female commander in charge. Pendergast locates the artifact's thief. However, he actually looks at it and undergoes a mental change. It brings out his \"evil side\"; where he doesn't care about anyone but himself and he thinks that humans are pathetic and should be cleansed. Meanwhile, the new captain has tricked the crew out of the bridge and locked it down. She aims for 'Carrion Rock', a land mass that will easily sink the ship. It is later revealed she herself had looked at the artifact and had decided to kill everyone on board as revenge for not being promoted to what she believes is her rightful position. The crew plead for mercy from the old captain; he has the codes needed to unlock the ship. He leaves them to their fate. The shadow thing is revealed to be a Tulpa or thought form, established by the mental energy from the passenger that possesses the stolen artifact. It attacks Pendergast as ordered, intended to drain from him all who he is and most of his body mass. Pendergast retreats into the carefully structured order of his own mind. Deep inside, he converses with a simulacrum of his deceased brother, Diogenes. He encourages the agent to fight back. Pendergast does so, sending the being on a course against those who had viewed the artifact. In the course of this, it burns away the evil influence it has on him. It attacks the ship's captain killing her;", "title": "The Wheel of Darkness" }, { "docid": "10386571", "text": "In energy conservation and energy economics, the rebound effect (or take-back effect) is the reduction in expected gains from new technologies that increase the efficiency of resource use, because of behavioral or other systemic responses. These responses diminish the beneficial effects of the new technology or other measures taken. A definition of the rebound effect is provided by Thiesen et al. (2008) as, “the rebound effect deals with the fact that improvements in efficiency often lead to cost reductions that provide the possibility to buy more of the improved product or other products or services.” A classic example from this perspective is a driver who substitutes a vehicle with a fuel-efficient version, only to reap the benefits of its lower operating expenses to commute longer and more frequently.\" A body of scientific literature argues that improvements in technological efficiency and efficiency improvements in general have induced increases in consumption. Generally, economists and researchers seem to agree that there exists a rebound effect, but they disagree about its volume and importance. While the literature on the rebound effect generally focuses on the effect of technological improvements on energy consumption, the theory can also be applied to the use of any natural resource or other input, such as labor. The rebound effect is generally expressed as a ratio of the lost benefit compared to the expected environmental benefit when holding consumption constant. For instance, if a 5% improvement in vehicle fuel efficiency results in only a 2% drop in fuel use, there is a 60% rebound effect (since = 60%). The 'missing' 3% might have been consumed by driving faster or further than before. The existence of the rebound effect is uncontroversial. However, debate continues as to the magnitude and impact of the effect in real world situations. Depending on the magnitude of the rebound effect, there are five different rebound effect (RE) types: Super conservation (RE < 0): the actual resource savings are higher than expected savings – the rebound effect is negative. Zero rebound (RE = 0): The actual resource savings are equal to expected savings – the rebound effect is zero. Partial rebound (0 < RE < 1): The actual resource savings are less than expected savings – the rebound effect is between 0% and 100%. This is sometimes known as 'take-back', and is the most common result of empirical studies on individual markets. Full rebound (RE = 1): The actual resource savings are equal to the increase in usage – the rebound effect is at 100%. Backfire (RE > 1): The actual resource savings are negative because usage increased beyond potential savings – the rebound effect is higher than 100%. This situation is commonly known as the Jevons paradox. In order to avoid the rebound effect, environmental economists have suggested that any cost savings from efficiency gains be taxed in order to keep the cost of use the same. History The rebound effect was first described by William Stanley Jevons in his 1865 book The Coal Question, where", "title": "Rebound effect (conservation)" }, { "docid": "13341622", "text": "In theoretical physics, unparticle physics is a speculative theory that conjectures a form of matter that cannot be explained in terms of particles using the Standard Model of particle physics, because its components are scale invariant. Howard Georgi proposed this theory in two 2007 papers, \"Unparticle Physics\" and \"Another Odd Thing About Unparticle Physics\". His papers were followed by further work by other researchers into the properties and phenomenology of unparticle physics and its potential impact on particle physics, astrophysics, cosmology, CP violation, lepton flavour violation, muon decay, neutrino oscillations, and supersymmetry. Background All particles exist in states that may be characterized by a certain energy, momentum and mass. In most of the Standard Model of particle physics, particles of the same type cannot exist in another state with all these properties scaled up or down by a common factor – electrons, for example, always have the same mass regardless of their energy or momentum. But this is not always the case: massless particles, such as photons, can exist with their properties scaled equally. This immunity to scaling is called \"scale invariance\". The idea of unparticles comes from conjecturing that there may be \"stuff\" that does not necessarily have zero mass but is still scale-invariant, with the same physics regardless of a change of length (or equivalently energy). This stuff is unlike particles, and described as unparticle. The unparticle stuff is equivalent to particles with a continuous spectrum of mass. Such unparticle stuff has not been observed, which suggests that if it exists, it must couple with normal matter weakly at observable energies. Since the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) team announced it will begin probing a higher energy frontier in 2009, some theoretical physicists have begun to consider the properties of unparticle stuff and how it may appear in LHC experiments. One of the great hopes for the LHC is that it might come up with some discoveries that will help us update or replace our best description of the particles that make up matter and the forces that glue them together. Properties Unparticles would have properties in common with neutrinos, which have almost zero mass and are therefore nearly scale invariant. Neutrinos barely interact with matter – most of the time physicists can infer their presence only by calculating the \"missing\" energy and momentum after an interaction. By looking at the same interaction many times, a probability distribution is built up that tells more specifically how many and what sort of neutrinos are involved. They couple very weakly to ordinary matter at low energies, and the effect of the coupling increases as the energy increases. A similar technique could be used to search for evidence of unparticles. According to scale invariance, a distribution containing unparticles would become apparent because it would resemble a distribution for a fractional number of massless particles. This scale invariant sector would interact very weakly with the rest of the Standard Model, making it possible to observe evidence for unparticle stuff, if it exists. The", "title": "Unparticle physics" }, { "docid": "60034047", "text": "In the natural sciences, including physiology and engineering, a specific quantity generally refers to an intensive quantity obtained by the ratio of an extensive quantity of interest by another extensive quantity (usually mass or volume). If mass is the divisor quantity, the specific quantity is a massic quantity. If volume is the divisor quantity, the specific quantity is a volumic quantity. For example, massic leaf area is leaf area divided by leaf mass and volumic leaf area is leaf area divided by leaf volume. Derived SI units involve reciprocal kilogram (kg-1), e.g., square metre per kilogram (m2kg−1). Another kind of specific quantity, termed named specific quantity, is a generalization of the original concept. The divisor quantity is not restricted to mass, and name of the divisor is usually placed before \"specific\" in the full term (e.g., \"thrust-specific fuel consumption\"). Named and unnamed specific quantities are given for the terms below. List Mass-specific quantities Per unit of mass (short form of mass-specific): Specific absorption rate, power absorbed per unit mass of tissue at a given frequency Specific activity, radioactivity in becquerels per unit mass Specific energy, defined as energy per unit mass Specific internal energy, internal energy per unit mass Specific kinetic energy, kinetic energy of an object per unit of mass Specific enthalpy, enthalpy per unit mass Specific enzyme activity, activity per milligram of total protein Specific force, defined as the non-gravitational force per unit mass Specific growth rate, increase in cell mass per unit cell mass per unit time Specific heat capacity, heat capacity per unit mass, unless another unit is named, such as mole-specific heat capacity, or volume-specific heat capacity Specific latent heat, latent heat per unit mass Specific leaf area, leaf area per unit dry leaf mass Specific modulus, a materials property consisting of the elastic modulus per mass density of a material Specific orbital energy, orbital energy per unit mass Specific power, per unit of mass (or volume or area) Specific relative angular momentum, of two orbiting bodies is angular momentum per unit reduced mass, or the vector product of the relative position and the relative velocity Specific surface area, per unit of mass, volume, or cross-sectional area Specific volume, volume per unit mass, i.e. the reciprocal of density Geometry specific quantities Volume-specific quantity, the quotient of a physical quantity and volume (\"per unit volume\"), also called volumic quantities: Specific mass, actually meaning volume-specific mass, or mass per unit volume; same as density. Specific weight, weight per unit volume Charge density, the electric charge per volume Energy density, potential energy per unit volume Force density, force per unit volume Power density, power per unit volume Particle density (particle count), number of particles per unit volume Area-specific quantity, the quotient of a physical quantity and area (\"per unit area\"), also called areic quantities: Current density, the ratio of electric current to area Surface power density, power per unit area Specific surface energy, free energy per unit surface area Length-specific quantity, the quotient of a physical quantity and", "title": "Specific quantity" }, { "docid": "66201101", "text": "How to Avoid a Climate Disaster: The Solutions We Have and the Breakthroughs We Need is a 2021 book by Bill Gates. In it, Gates presents what he learned in over a decade of studying climate change and investing in innovations to address global warming and recommends technological strategies to tackle it. Description When it comes to climate change, I know innovation isn’t the only thing we need. But we cannot keep the earth livable without it. Techno-fixes are not sufficient, but they are necessary. – Bill Gates, from page 14 of his book, How to Avoid a Climate Disaster (2021). The book's five parts The book is organized into five parts. In part one (chapter 1), Gates explains why the world must completely eliminate greenhouse gas emissions (\"getting to zero\"), rather than simply reducing them. In part two (chapter 2) he discusses the challenges that will make achieving this goal very difficult. In part three (chapter 3) he outlines five pragmatic questions a reader can ask to evaluate any conversation they have about climate change. Part four (the longest part of the book, or chapters 4 through 9) analyzes currently-available technologies that can be utilized now to adapt to and mitigate climate change (\"the solutions we have\") and those areas where innovation is needed to make climate-friendly technologies cost competitive with their fossil fuel counterparts (\"the breakthroughs we need\"). In the final part (chapters 10 through 12) Gates suggests specific steps that can be taken by government leaders, market participants and individuals to collectively avoid a climate disaster. Electricity generation Gates thinks that decarbonizing electricity should be a priority, because it would not only reduce emissions from coal and gas used to produce electricity, but also allow an accelerated shift to zero emission transportation like electric cars. He advocates increased innovation and investment in nuclear energy, and warns against overly focusing on wind and solar generation, due to their intermittent nature. Roles for government and business Gates argues that both governments and businesses have parts to play in fighting global warming. While he acknowledges that there is a tension between economic development and sustainability, he posits that accelerated innovation in green technology, particularly sustainable energy, would resolve it. He calls on governments to increase investment in climate research, but at the same time to incentivize firms to invest in green energy and decarbonization. Gates also urges governments to institute a carbon pricing regime that would account for all externalities involved in producing and using carbon-emitting energy. Get to zero rather than simply reducing emissions The book describes strategies for achieving net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, and emphasizes that many efforts to reduce emissions are actually counter-productive. For example, one can reduce CO2 emissions in 2030 by replacing a coal-fired electrical power plant with a new natural gas power plant (since coal combustion emits twice as much CO2 as natural gas, per unit of electricity). However, the natural gas plant will still be emitting CO2 in 2050. Alternatively,", "title": "How to Avoid a Climate Disaster" }, { "docid": "47492", "text": "Biomass is the mass of living biological organisms in a given area or ecosystem at a given time. Biomass can refer to species biomass, which is the mass of one or more species, or to community biomass, which is the mass of all species in the community. It can include microorganisms, plants or animals. The mass can be expressed as the average mass per unit area, or as the total mass in the community. How biomass is measured depends on why it is being measured. Sometimes, the biomass is regarded as the natural mass of organisms in situ, just as they are. For example, in a salmon fishery, the salmon biomass might be regarded as the total wet weight the salmon would have if they were taken out of the water. In other contexts, biomass can be measured in terms of the dried organic mass, so perhaps only 30% of the actual weight might count, the rest being water. For other purposes, only biological tissues count, and teeth, bones and shells are excluded. In some applications, biomass is measured as the mass of organically bound carbon (C) that is present. In 2018, Bar-On et al. estimated the total live biomass on Earth at about 550 billion (5.5×1011) tonnes C, most of it in plants. In 1998 Field et.al. estimated the total annual net primary production of biomass at just over 100 billion tonnes C/yr. The total live biomass of bacteria was once thought to be about the same as plants, but recent studies suggest it is significantly less. The total number of DNA base pairs on Earth, as a possible approximation of global biodiversity, is estimated at , and weighs 50 billion tonnes. Anthropogenic mass (human-made material) is expected to exceed all living biomass on earth at around the year 2020. Ecological pyramids An ecological pyramid is a graphical representation that shows, for a given ecosystem, the relationship between biomass or biological productivity and trophic levels. A biomass pyramid shows the amount of biomass at each trophic level. A productivity pyramid shows the production or turn-over in biomass at each trophic level. An ecological pyramid provides a snapshot in time of an ecological community. The bottom of the pyramid represents the primary producers (autotrophs). The primary producers take energy from the environment in the form of sunlight or inorganic chemicals and use it to create energy-rich molecules such as carbohydrates. This mechanism is called primary production. The pyramid then proceeds through the various trophic levels to the apex predators at the top. When energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next, typically only ten percent is used to build new biomass. The remaining ninety percent goes to metabolic processes or is dissipated as heat. This energy loss means that productivity pyramids are never inverted, and generally limits food chains to about six levels. However, in oceans, biomass pyramids can be wholly or partially inverted, with more biomass at higher levels. Terrestrial biomass Terrestrial biomass generally decreases markedly at", "title": "Biomass (ecology)" }, { "docid": "35733284", "text": "In astrophysics, the chirp mass of a compact binary system determines the leading-order orbital evolution of the system as a result of energy loss from emitting gravitational waves. Because the gravitational wave frequency is determined by orbital frequency, the chirp mass also determines the frequency evolution of the gravitational wave signal emitted during a binary's inspiral phase. In gravitational wave data analysis, it is easier to measure the chirp mass than the two component masses alone. Definition from component masses A two-body system with component masses and has a chirp mass of The chirp mass may also be expressed in terms of the total mass of the system and other common mass parameters: the reduced mass : the mass ratio : or the symmetric mass ratio : The symmetric mass ratio reaches its maximum value when , and thus the geometric mean of the component masses : If the two component masses are roughly similar, then the latter factor is close to so . This multiplier decreases for unequal component masses but quite slowly. E.g. for a 3:1 mass ratio it becomes , while for a 10:1 mass ratio it is Orbital evolution In general relativity, the phase evolution of a binary orbit can be computed using a post-Newtonian expansion, a perturbative expansion in powers of the orbital velocity . The first order gravitational wave frequency, , evolution is described by the differential equation , where and are the speed of light and Newton's gravitational constant, respectively. If one is able to measure both the frequency and frequency derivative of a gravitational wave signal, the chirp mass can be determined. To disentangle the individual component masses in the system one must additionally measure higher order terms in the post-Newtonian expansion. Mass-redshift degeneracy One limitation of the chirp mass is that it is affected by redshift; what is actually derived from the observed gravitational waveform is the product where is the redshift. This redshifted chirp mass is larger than the source chirp mass, and can only be converted to a source chirp mass by finding the redshift . This is usually resolved by using the observed amplitude to find the chirp mass divided by distance, and solving both equations using Hubble's law to compute the relationship between distance and redshift. Xian Chen has pointed out that this assumes non-cosmological redshifts (peculiar velocity and gravitational redshift) are negligible, and questions this assumption. If a binary pair of stellar-mass black holes merge while closely orbiting a supermassive black hole (an extreme mass ratio inspiral), the observed gravitational wave would experience significant gravitational and doppler redshift, leading to a falsely low redshift estimate, and therefore a falsely high mass. He suggests that there are plausible reasons to suspect that the SMBH's accretion disc and tidal forces would enhance the merger rate of black hole binaries near it, and the consequent falsely high mass estimates would explain the unexpectedly large masses of observed black hole mergers. (The question would be best resolved by a lower-frequency", "title": "Chirp mass" }, { "docid": "2108591", "text": "Encoding, in semiotics, is the process of creating a message for transmission by an addresser to an addressee. The complementary processinterpreting a message received from an addresseris called decoding. Discussion The process of message exchanges, or semiosis, is a key characteristic of human life depending on rule-governed and learned codes that, for the most part, unconsciously guide the communication of meaning between individuals. These interpretive frameworks or linking grids were termed \"myths\" by Roland Barthes (1915–1980) and pervade all aspects of culture from personal conversation to the mass media's output (for code exchange through the mass media, see Americanism). Early theorists like Saussure (1857–1913) proposed the theory that when the addresser wishes to transmit a message to an addressee, the intended meaning must be converted into content so that it can be delivered. Roman Jakobson (1896–1982) offered a structuralist theory that the transmission and response would not sustain an efficient discourse unless the parties used the same codes in the appropriate social contexts. But, Barthes shifted the emphasis from the semiotics of language to the exploration of semiotics as language. Now, as Daniel Chandler states, there is no such thing as an uncoded message: all experience is coded. So when the addresser is planning the particular message, both denotative and connotative meanings will already be attached to the range of signifiers relevant to the message. Within the broad framework of syntactic and semantic codes, the addresser will select signifiers that, in the particular context, will best represent his or her values and purposes. But the medium of communication is not necessarily neutral and the ability of the addressee to accurately decode the message may be affected by a number of factors. So the addresser must attempt to compensate for the known problems when constructing the final version of the message and hope that the preferred meanings will be identified when the message is received. One of the techniques is to structure the message so that certain aspects are given salience (sometimes called foregrounding) and predispose the audience to interpret the whole in the light of the particular. This relates to Gestalt psychology, Max Wertheimer (1880–1943) examined the factors that determine grouping in cognitive processes: the fact of grouping signs together predisposes an uncritical audience to perceive the signs as similar; the audience prefers closure, i.e. it prefers the experience to be as complete as possible and to see things as a whole even though no actual continuity or conclusion is implied; and the audience prefers an everyman's version of Occam's Razor, i.e. the simplest explanations and solutions. In real life that means that assumptions, inferences and prejudices can often fill in gaps. If a conclusion seems to fit the available facts, other possibilities are not considered or are disregarded, producing the suggestion that humans conserve cognitive energy whenever they can and avoid thinking. If an addresser is writing a speech, rhetorical tropes may be used to emphasise the elements that the audience is to focus upon and potentially perceive as", "title": "Encoding (semiotics)" } ]	[ "Einstein" ]
train_45949	where does it say an eye for an eye	[ { "docid": "5734328", "text": "Qisas or Qiṣāṣ () is an Islamic term interpreted to mean \"retaliation in kind\", \"eye for an eye\", or retributive justice. Qisas and diyya are two of several forms of punishment in classical/traditional Islamic criminal jurisprudence, the others being Hudud and Ta'zir. The legal systems of Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, and the northern states of Nigeria currently apply qisas. History A legal concept similar to qisas is the principle of \"eye for an eye\" first recorded in the Code of Hammurabi. Basis The main verse for implementation in Islam is Al Baqara; 178 verse: \"Believers! Retaliation is ordained for you regarding the people who were killed. Free versus free, captive versus captive, woman versus woman. Whoever is forgiven by the brother of the slain for a price, let him abide by the custom and pay the price well.\" In the tafsir (exogesis) of this verse, Mohammed Shafi' says: '...the one who has killed will be the one to be killed in Qisas قصاص . It is not permissible to kill an innocent man or someone free for a killer, woman or slave. Let us hasten to clarify that the verse does not mean that Qisas قصاص will not be taken from a man who kills a woman or from a free man who kills a slave. In the very beginning of this verse the words الْقِصَاصُ فِي الْقَتْلَى: \"The Qisas قصاص has been enjoined upon you in the case of those murdered\" are a clear proof of this universality of application. There are other verses where this aspect has been stated more explicitly, for instance, in النَّفْسَ بِالنَّفْسِ (the person for the person).' Another view: a member of the tribe to which the murderer belonged was handed over to the victim's family for execution, equivalent to the social status of the murdered person. The element of \"intention\" is taken into account in only one of the accusations in the Quran (killing and in a single case (a believers killing another believer) and in return for this, a slave should be freed and to the family of the killed one, should be paid \"unspecified\" financial compensation (diyya). However, in the continuation of the verse, another condition for financial compensation is considered. According to this, it is claimed that the deceased person must live in the same community with the believers or the society in which the deceased lives must have an agreement with the believers. The two-month fasting that the murderer will keep in case of financial inadequacy is considered sufficient as a reward for the crime (Surah Al-Nisa; 176). On the other hand, the later jurists stipulates \"the element of intent\" in case of physical injury and killing acts as well as other conditions determined for bodily retaliation. The applicability of the punishment of qisas has been conditioned by the fiqhists on a large number of conditions, such as the innocence of the injured person or the victim. Injury which may be the subject", "title": "Qisas" } ]	[ { "docid": "5449890", "text": "Matthew 9:30 is a verse in the ninth chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament. Content In the original Greek according to Westcott-Hort for this verse is: Καὶ ἀνεῴχθησαν αὐτῶν οἱ ὀφθαλμοί· καὶ ἐνεβριμήσατο αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς, λέγων, Ὁρᾶτε μηδεὶς γινωσκέτω. In the King James Version of the Bible the text reads: And their eyes were opened; and Jesus straitly charged them, saying, See that no man know it. The New International Version translates the passage as: and their sight was restored. Jesus warned them sternly, \"See that no one knows about this.\" Analysis The Greek word 'ἐνεβριμήσατο' (he strictly charged) implies a certain harshness in Jesus message, which from the next verse we find the men ignored. Lapide states that the reason for the strictness was to show Jesus' \"strong dislike of ostentation in His miracles, and of vainglory,\" and also to instruct us to dislike it as well. Commentary from the Church Fathers Chrysostom: \"And not for this reason only, but that He might make manifest that they were worthy of healing, and that none might object, that if mercy alone saved, then ought all to be saved. Therefore also He requires faith of them, that He may thereby raise their thoughts higher; they had called Him the Son of David, therefore He instructs them that they should think higher things of Him. Thus He does not say to them, Believe ye that I can ask the Father? But, Believe ye that I am able to do this? They say unto him, Yea, Lord. They call Him no more Son of David, but exalt Him higher, and confess His dominion. Then He lays His hand upon them; as it follows, Then he touched their eyes, saying, According to your faith be it unto you. This He says confirming their faith, and testifying that what they had said were not words of flattery. Then follows the cure, And their eyes were opened. And after this, His injunction that they should tell it to no man; and this not a simple command, but with much earnestness, And Jesus straitly charged them, saying, See that no man know it; but they went forth, and spread abroad the fame of him through the whole country.\" Jerome: \"The Lord from humility shunning the fame of His glorious works, gave them this charge, and they from gratitude cannot be silent respecting so great benefit.\" Chrysostom: \"That He said to another man, Go, and proclaim the glory of God, (Luke 8:39.) is not contrary to this; for what He would teach is, that we should hinder those that would commend us for ourselves. But when it is the Lord’s glory that is to be praised, we ought not to forbid, but to promote it ourselves.\" Hilary of Poitiers: \"Or He enjoins silence on the blind men, because to preach was the Apostles’ office.\" Gregory the Great: \"We must enquire how this is that the Almighty, whose will and power are coextensive, should", "title": "Matthew 9:30" }, { "docid": "38731431", "text": "\"Black Eyed, Please\" is the fifteenth episode of the twenty-fourth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons, and the 523rd episode overall. The episode was directed by Matthew Schofield and written by John Frink. It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on March 10, 2013. The name is a pun on black-eyed peas and the band of the same name. The couch segment of this episode's intro was animated by Bill Plympton in a film noir style. He also animated one for 2012 and one for 2014. Plot Homer invites himself to Ned Flanders's house for breakfast and finds Ned's beatnik parents there. Ned begins to feel uneasy when his parents begin to take a liking to Homer rather than him. After a morning jog, Ned comes home to find Homer and his parents smoking \"medicinal\" marijuana and watching TV. Ned becomes so enraged he punches Homer in the face, giving him a black eye. Homer is furious at Ned, who does not know what he has to do in order to be excused. Ned eventually finds a solution in the Bible (\"an eye for an eye\"), and encourages Homer to punch him in order to make them even. However, Homer refuses to punch him, citing that he is the bigger man by not punching Ned and brags about it, causing Ned to punch Homer's other uninjured eye. Meanwhile, Lisa learns that Ms. Hoover has taken leave due to a bout of severe depression, and the class gets another teacher, Mrs. Cantwell. Cantwell takes a liking to everyone in the class except for Lisa, whom she bullies by giving her lower grades and taking the paper cutout joeys off the kangaroo-themed \"good behavior\" board. Homer and Marge try to get Principal Skinner to do something, but the bullying worsens and Lisa is sent to detention, where the bullies are shocked to learn that Cantwell as a teacher is such a bully to a student like Lisa. Homer eventually finds a solution to Lisa's dilemma and Ned's own: he will accept Ned's apology if his wife Edna Krabappel gives advice on how to get rid of the bullying teacher. Edna says the only way is the \"nuclear option\" - which means putting Bart in Cantwell's class. When Cantwell leaves to go to the bathroom, Bart brings chaos to the classroom and then shows Cantwell a compromising video of herself in the bathroom cursing Lisa and tells her he posted it online. The plan works in getting Cantwell to leave, but it does not get Cantwell to be nice to Lisa. When Lisa tries to catch up to Cantwell before she drives off, Cantwell admits that she was only jealous because she believes Lisa is popular and pretty, and that girls like Lisa live a carefree life. Instead of informing her that she's also an unpopular bookworm, Lisa celebrates that someone thinks she's pretty— before Cantwell splatters mud on her as she drives off. The story", "title": "Black Eyed, Please" }, { "docid": "63348295", "text": "The corollary discharge theory (CD) of motion perception helps understand how the brain can detect motion through the visual system, even though the body is not moving. When a signal is sent from the motor cortex of the brain to the eye muscles, a copy of that signal (see efference copy) is sent through the brain as well. The brain does this in order to distinguish real movements in the visual world from our own body and eye movement. The original signal and copy signal are then believed to be compared somewhere in the brain. Such a structure has not yet been identified, but it is believed to be the Medial Superior Temporal Area (MST). The original signal and copy need to be compared in order to determine if the change in vision was caused by eye movement or movement in the world. If the two signals cancel then no motion is perceived, but if they do not cancel then the residual signal is perceived as motion in the real world. Without a corollary discharge signal, the world would seem to spin around every time the eyes moved. It is important to note that corollary discharge and efference copy are sometimes used synonymously, they were originally coined for much different applications, with corollary discharge being used in a much broader sense. Discovery The first scientific research study looking at corollary discharge was done by Descartes in 1664 when he published his book the Treatise of Man. He was studying apparent motion and developed early theories in an error of the mind to account for efferent signals centuries before corollary discharge theories developed. In his experiment he would take his finger and press it on the side of his eye. In doing this he would move the image across his retina. A signal was then sent to the brain saying that the image had moved and because there was no efference copy signal sent as well, his brain perceived motion. The term corollary discharge was finally coined in 1950 by Roger Sperry while doing studies on fish. Physiology When trying to map out how corollary discharge works in the brain, it is important to begin with the superior colliculus. It is responsible for receiving visual signals from the retina. In studies done on primate brains, a corollary discharge pathway has been found to begin in the superior colliculus. After receiving current information about the visual field, a corollary discharge signal is sent from the superior colliculus to the frontal eye field, via the medial dorsal nucleus of the thalamus. The frontal eye field plays a very important role when it comes to eye movements. Particularly the frontal eye field is responsible for much of the saccadic eye movements that eyes make. Once the frontal eye field is activated by the corollary discharge signal, it sends a predictive signal to the occipital lobe. This signal essentially predicts what the visual field should look like after an eye movement. A signal is sent", "title": "Corollary discharge theory" }, { "docid": "21924668", "text": "The Hypnotic Eye is a 1960 horror film, released by Allied Artists on February 27, 1960, starring Jacques Bergerac, Allison Hayes, Merry Anders, Eric \"Big Daddy\" Nord, and Ferdinand Demara, billed as \"Fred Demara\". Plot A young woman comes into her kitchen rubbing shampoo into her hair, lights a gas burner on her stove and bends over it as if it were the sink, then rises up screaming with her hair on fire. Later, doctors and police tend her, and Detective Dave Kennedy ask her why she did it. She does not remember. He lies that her looks will be restored, and she dies. She is the first fatality of eleven women who have mutilated their faces in the past few months, and the police are baffled about whether there is a common cause. Dave consults his psychiatrist friend Dr. Philip Hecht, who is an expert on hypnosis and disapproves of its use on the stage. Dave, his girlfriend Marcia Blaine and her friend Dodie Wilson go to see the stage show of the famous hypnotist Desmond. Dave does not believe in hypnotism and thinks the men who are hypnotized into various abnormal states are stooges. Desmond calls for three women volunteers, and his assistant Justine chooses two of them for him, including Dodie. Desmond hypnotizes her into becoming rigid as a board and levitates her. But before he brings her out of it, he whispers something in her ear. Dave tries to get Dodie to say she was faking; she denies this, will not go for coffee with them and goes back into the theater when they leave. Later, at home, she pours acid instead of lotion into her washbasin, and applies it to her face. Dave and Marcia question her in the hospital, and find that she has forgotten how her terrible facial burns happened. Marcia begins to wonder if hypnotic suggestion from Desmond is the common cause of the mutilations. She goes back to the theater alone to investigate, and is chosen by Justine’s significant look at Desmond as a volunteer. When beginning to hypnotize her, he uses an eyeball-shaped device he holds up in the palm of his hand, with concentric circles of flashing light. Marcia closes her eyes before he tells her to and is not hypnotized. She reports to Dave and Dr. Hecht that she thinks Desmond is guilty; Dr. Hecht agrees that he is a genuine hypnotist with a dangerous, powerful new technique. She tells them of Desmond’s post-hypnotic command to come to his dressing room at midnight. When she does, she opens a box in which the eye-shaped device is flashing, and this time is genuinely hypnotized. Dave and Dr. Hecht follow in Dave's car as Desmond takes her to a fancy restaurant, to a beatnik coffee-house to hear Beat poetry and dance, and back to her apartment. He starts to make out with her, while the two men sit outside, Dave thinking jealously that she is a willing participant and Dr.", "title": "The Hypnotic Eye" }, { "docid": "20599743", "text": "\"Cash in My Pocket\" is a 2008 single from British grime artist Wiley, which features guest vocals from Daniel Merriweather and was produced by Mark Ronson. Wiley would later disown See Clear Now and this song for being too commercial. Wiley blamed his record label Asylum Records and manager John Woolf for making him release the record. Sometime after the song was released, Wiley said he was going on holiday until the song had \"done its course\" and that once he comes back, nobody should ever say \"I love that Cash in My Pocket Tune\" to him. Reviews Clickmusic.com gave the song 2 stars out of 5 but gave it some praise by saying \"Releasing a song entitled Cash in My Pocket during a full blown credit crunch is timing par excellence\" but went on to say that \"a bored sounding Merriweather delivers his perfunctory contribution with nothing of the soul that we have come to expect\". Yahoo Music gave the song 8 stars out of 10, they had this to say about Wiley, \"delivers his lines with a twinkle in his eye\", they then went on to say this about the chorus which was sung by Daniel Merriweather, \"while the chorus could be lifted from a West End musical\", they then finished the review by saying, \"This is contemporary pop working at full speed\". Femalefirst.co.uk gave the song 4 stars out of 5, because it lets the viewers vote and that is the average as of 3 January 2008, they praised the song by saying that it is, \"Entering ground-breaking new musical territory\", they also talked about the credit crunch when they said \"Wiley has read the mood of a nation hit by the global economic crises and has come up with an ode to the credit crunch of sorts\". Competition Glasswerk.co.uk made a competition where people could make their own video for the song with their classmates or colleagues and get \"£1000 worth of XmasCa$h in Your Pocket\", they also called the song \"the official credit crunch theme tune\". Music video The video is like the video for \"Wearing My Rolex\" in the aspect that it does not feature Wiley or Daniel Merriweather: it has the people featured in the video miming the lyrics. It starts off with people going to work in their car in the financial district of Bishopsgate, in the City of London, while the rest of the music video is set in one of the offices in the Blue Fin Building in Southwark, London (located at 110 Southwark Street, post code SE1 0SU, directly behind the Tate Modern). The office is the UK Headquarters of Donovan Data Systems (DDS), a \"leading systems and software provider to the advertising industry\", and the video features the people who work there. One can see pictures on the London Eye on the glass walls in the music video. It then ends with everyone who works there singing the last lines of the song. Chart performance The song debut", "title": "Cash in My Pocket" }, { "docid": "15187217", "text": "Vertex distance is the distance between the back surface of a corrective lens, i.e. glasses (spectacles) or contact lenses, and the front of the cornea. Increasing or decreasing the vertex distance changes the optical properties of the system, by moving the focal point forward or backward, effectively changing the power of the lens relative to the eye. Since most refractions (the measurement that determines the power of a corrective lens) are performed at a vertex distance of 12–14 mm, the power of the correction may need to be modified from the initial prescription so that light reaches the patient's eye with the same effective power that it did through the phoropter or trial frame. Vertex distance is important when converting between contact lens and glasses prescriptions and becomes significant if the glasses prescription is beyond ±4.00 diopters (often abbreviated D). The formula for vertex correction is , where F is the power corrected for vertex distance, F is the original lens power, and x is the change in vertex distance in meters. Derivation The vertex distance formula calculates what power lens (F) is needed to focus light on the same location if the lens has been moved by a distance x. To focus light to the same image location: where f is the corrected focal length for the new lens, f is the focal length of the original lens, and x is the distance that the lens was moved. The value for x can be positive or negative depending on the sign convention. Lens power in diopters is the mathematical inverse of focal length in meters. Substituting for lens power arrives at After simplifying the final equation is found: Examples Example 1: example prescription adjustment from glasses to contacts A phoropter measurement of a patient reads −8.00D sphere and −5.25D cylinder with an axis of 85° for one eye (the notation for which is typically written as ). The phoropter measurement is made at a common vertex distance of 12mm from the eye. The equivalent prescription at the patient's cornea (say, for a contact lens) can be calculated as follows (this example assumes a negative cylinder sign convention): Power 1 is the spherical value, and power 2 is the steeper power of the astigmatic axis: The axis value does not change with vertex distance, so the equivalent prescription for a contact lens (vertex distance, 0mm) is −7.30D of sphere, −4.13D of cylinder with 85° of axis ( or about ). Example 2: example prescription adjustment from contacts to glasses A patient has −8D sphere contacts. What is the equivalent prescription for glasses? Therefore −8D contacts correspond to −8.75D or −9D glasses. Example 3: sample plots The following plots show the difference in spherical power at a 0mm vertex distance (at the eye) and a 12mm vertex distance (standard eyeglasses distance). 0mm is used as the reference starting power and is one-to-one. The second plot shows the difference between the 0mm and 12mm vertex distance powers. Above around 4D of spherical", "title": "Vertex distance" }, { "docid": "456662", "text": "The Black Eye Galaxy (also called Sleeping Beauty Galaxy or Evil Eye Galaxy and designated Messier 64, M64, or NGC 4826) is a relatively isolated spiral galaxy 17 million light-years away in the mildly northern constellation of Coma Berenices. It was discovered by Edward Pigott in March 1779, and independently by Johann Elert Bode in April of the same year, as well as by Charles Messier the next year. A dark band of absorbing dust partially in front of its bright nucleus gave rise to its nicknames of the \"Black Eye\", \"Evil Eye\", or \"Sleeping Beauty\" galaxy. M64 is well known among amateur astronomers due to its form in small telescopes and visibility across inhabited latitudes. This galaxy is inclined 60° to the line-of-sight and has a position angle of 112°. At the distance of this galaxy, it has a linear scale of per arcsecond. The morphological classification in the De Vaucouleurs system is (R)SA(rs)ab, where the '(R)' indicates an outer ring-like structure, 'SA' denotes a non-barred spiral, '(rs)' means a transitional inner ring/spiral structure, and 'ab' says the spiral arms are fairly tightly wound. Ann et al. (2015) gave it a class of SABa, suggesting a weakly barred spiral galaxy with tightly wound arms. M64 is a type 2 Seyfert galaxy with an HII/LINER nucleus. The central region is a weak source of radio emission. A soft X-ray source has been detected at the nucleus, which is most likely coming from the circumnuclear region rather than directly from an active galactic nucleus. There is an inner disk of molecular gas that is truncated at a radius of . At present, the non-rotational motions of this disk do not significantly feed the core, but the disk does produce a vigorous rate of star formation, with also approximately 100 billion stars inside the galaxy. There is also evidence of a recent large inflow of mass. The interstellar medium of Messier 64 consists of two counter-rotating disks that are approximately equal in mass. The inner disk contains the prominent dust lanes of the galaxy. The stellar population of the galaxy exhibits no measurable counter-rotation. Possible formation scenarios include a merger with a gas-rich satellite galaxy in a retrograde orbit, or the continued accretion of gas clouds from the intergalactic medium. It has a diameter of . See also List of Messier objects NGC 4622 – A galaxy with leading spiral arms. References External links Messier 64, SEDS Messier pages ESA/Hubble images of M64 a real photo by Pete Albrecht Black Eye Galaxy (M64) at Constellation Guide Unbarred spiral galaxies Coma Berenices Messier objects NGC objects Virgo Supercluster Astronomical objects discovered in 1779 Discoveries by Edward Pigott", "title": "Black Eye Galaxy" }, { "docid": "17239276", "text": "Love Is Not All Around () is a 2007 Hong Kong film written and directed by Patrick Kong. Plot Bo (Stephy Tang) is an expert on dating boys, explaining her strategy to her friends at Wing (Sammy Leung) and Ching's (Linda Chung) wedding. During the wedding Bo sees Bik Lin, her \"love rival\". Bo also meets Michael (Philip Ng) for the first time and soon asks him to drive her home. After the wedding, the newly weds head back to their house along with Siu Mo (Terry Wu), where it is seen hinted that Siu Mo likes Ching. Three months later, while Bo is shopping she sees Wing with Bik Lin across the street, Bik Lin puts eye drops on Wing's eye. Bo goes to Ching's house for dinner that night, waiting for Wing, who comes home late and said he had eaten outside, Bo becomes angry. The next day, Bo meets one of her previous boyfriends, Ryan (Alex Fong). Ryan was very calm and it was him that had come up to Bo first. During the flashback that followed, Bo and Ryan were seen happily together, Ryan confesses his love and asks if Bo likes him too, Bo says yes. Then skipping to the night where they break up, Bo's new boyfriend, Vincent, whom she was trying to get to through Ryan, pushes Ryan to the ground. Ryan angrily gets up and yells at Bo that \"karma will get you!\". Following the breakup, Bo encounters some bad luck, believing it was Ryan's curse that was responsible. A few days later, she sees Ryan and talks to him, Ryan leaves after taking a phone call but explains it was his sister. Wing meets up with Bo later and confessed that he does have an affair, with someone that she knows. After that, Wing keeps pestering Bo, confiding his problems to her. Bo was deeply in thought about Wing's affair and the reappearance of Ryan while washing the dishes when she accidentally squirted detergent into her eyes. Her friend Mon (Miki Yeung) rushes Bo to the hospital. Bo was forced to sit down and wait. She was squirting detergent everywhere from the bottles she had brought when a doctor comes forward and amusingly replaces them with a box of Dragon's beard candy. The next day while Bo was getting her medications, someone comes up and says that he sees her eyes are better. Seeing whom it was, she lights up with recognition, the \"dragon's beard candy!\". The doctor introduces himself as Joe (Hins Cheung) and he asks Bo out for dinner that night. After dinner, Joe plays a piece on the piano at Bo's house. When he finishes, Bo and Joe prepares for a kiss. The scene then changes to when they both rush out of the house, and then goes to a nearby 7-Eleven, Joe goes in to buy the \"preparations\" for when they get back. Bo was waiting outside when Ryan turns up. Bo tries to get him to", "title": "Love Is Not All Around" }, { "docid": "17147883", "text": "\"Pest of the West\" is the 16th episode of the fifth season and the 96th overall episode of the American animated television series SpongeBob SquarePants. In this episode, SpongeBob finds that he is a distant relative of SpongeBuck SquarePants, a sheriff from Bikini Bottom's past town who helped save the citizens from the quickest whip draw in town, the evil Dead Eye Plankton. It was written by Luke Brookshier, Tom King, Steven Banks and Richard Pursel, with Andrew Overtoom and Tom Yasumi serving as animation directors. Brookshier and King also functioned as storyboard directors. Pest of the West originally aired on Nickelodeon in the United States on April 11, 2008, and became available on DVD four days later. It included the song \"Idiot Friends,\" written by Tom Kenny and Andy Paley, which was later released on the album called SpongeBob's Greatest Hits in 2009. Upon release, the episode garnered a total of 6.1 million viewers, and was met with positive reviews from media critics. Plot summary At the Krusty Krab, SpongeBob discovers that his friend Patrick Star had a famous relative named Patrick Revere, who warned Bikini Bottom of vicious man-eating mollusks during the 17th century. Later, Mr. Krabs reveals that he also had a famous relative—his great-great-grandpappy Krabs, who invented \"The Spendthrift Bill Fold System\", a booby trap that baits its victims with a dollar bill. Disappointed that he lacks a famous relative, SpongeBob walks into the park where he observes a statue covered in poop and runs into Sandy, who reveals that her great-aunt named Rosie Cheeks was the first squirrel to discover oil in Texas. Feeling sorry for SpongeBob, Sandy takes him to a library. SpongeBob learns that he is the great-great-great-grandson of a Western hero called SpongeBuck SquarePants. Sandy begins to tell SpongeBob the story of SpongeBuck. In the story, SpongeBuck SquarePants takes a train to a town named Dead Eye Gulch. He goes to The Dead Eye Funeral and Ice Cream Parlor, and later to a western saloon called the Krusty Kantina. There he meets William Krabs (Mr. Krabs' ancestor), Hopalong Tentacles (Squidward's ancestor) and Polene Puff (Mrs. Puff's ancestor). SpongeBuck is mistakenly made the sheriff, learning that the previous sheriff had died. Later, Pecos Patrick Star (Patrick's ancestor), arrives and warns everybody that the town's villain, Dead Eye Plankton will arrive and sing a song called \"Dead Eye\". Dead Eye Plankton then arrives and challenges SpongeBuck to a duel at high noon. SpongeBuck gets kicked away to a desert, where he meets Pecos Patrick Star. Pecos tells SpongeBuck that he must smack Dead Eye Plankton several times to defeat him. When they get back into town, SpongeBuck meets Dead Eye Plankton and the two proceed to have a western duel. SpongeBuck then accidentally steps on Dead Eye, defeating him. The people build a golden statue of SpongeBuck to show their gratitude. SpongeBuck says that if he ever has a great-great-great-great-great-grandson, he wants him to say he was proud of his grandfather. After hearing the", "title": "Pest of the West" }, { "docid": "61991374", "text": "\"Open Your Eyes\" is the seventh episode of the tenth season of the post-apocalyptic horror television series The Walking Dead, which aired on AMC on November 17, 2019. Plot Siddiq struggles with ongoing visions of being held captive and Alpha killing people and a voice telling him to open his eyes, but does not know if these are dreams or past visions due to the fatigue from dealing with the infections in Alexandria. Carol secures the Whisperer she and Daryl caught in the prison. Gabriel, fearing that Alpha will retaliate, insists that the prisoner receive medical treatment. On the roof, Lydia says that the prisoner has been trained to avoid harsh interrogation, and instead suggests to Carol to show him the value of life within Alexandria to turn him. Carol offers the man sandwiches but he spits them back at her. Carol and Daryl revert to a more harsh interrogation, but Carol pauses after hearing him praise Alpha for sacrificing Lydia. Carol realizes that the Whisperers, outside of Alpha, do not know about Lydia's safety, and considers using her as a pawn to reveal Alpha's lies to the Whisperer. Carol goes to get Lydia to see the prisoner but discovers that he died shortly before their arrival. Dante discovers that the medical kit being used to treat the prisoner's wounds contained hemlock, which was mistakenly given to him; Siddiq blames himself, as he realizes that he accidentally added the hemlock to the bag due to his fatigue. Meanwhile, Aaron continues to meet with Gamma at their boundary, hoping to bond with her. Gamma tells him she is an only child. She later goes back to the Whisperers camp, where Alpha questions her, and then ritualistically whips her arm. Alpha then says she believes in Gamma, and tells her that Aaron is tempting her with lies. After seeing Dante burying one of the older infected women that he had grown close to, Siddiq attempts to commit suicide by drowning himself, but is rescued by Rosita. As they talk, Siddiq has a realization and rushes to test the water supply, discovering it to be contaminated; he blames himself for failing to notice. Despite Daryl's strong opposition, Carol takes Lydia to see the Whisperers, and that night comes across one of Aaron and Gamma's meetings, where Gamma has taken Aaron at knifepoint to demand more intel. Carol and Lydia rush forward. Upon seeing Lydia, Gamma panics and runs away; when Lydia discovers that Carol simply used her as a pawn, she flees as well. Carol and Aaron are forced to retreat as walkers approach. After decontaminating the water supply, Dante tries to cheer up a depressed Siddiq, reassuring him that what happened wasn't his fault. While doing so, Dante then makes a strange verbal tic which causes Siddiq to have another lucid dream, in which he remembers one of the Whisperers' making the same tic during the decapitation of several fair attendees. He realizes that Dante is a Whisperer agent who helped Alpha", "title": "Open Your Eyes (The Walking Dead)" }, { "docid": "21423322", "text": "Cephalopods, as active marine predators, possess sensory organs specialized for use in aquatic conditions. They have a camera-type eye which consists of an iris, a circular lens, vitreous cavity (eye gel), pigment cells, and photoreceptor cells that translate light from the light-sensitive retina into nerve signals which travel along the optic nerve to the brain. For the past 140 years, the camera-type cephalopod eye has been compared with the vertebrate eye as an example of convergent evolution, where both types of organisms have independently evolved the camera-eye trait and both share similar functionality. Contention exists on whether this is truly convergent evolution or parallel evolution. Unlike the vertebrate camera eye, the cephalopods' form as invaginations of the body surface (rather than outgrowths of the brain), and consequently the cornea lies over the top of the eye as opposed to being a structural part of the eye. Unlike the vertebrate eye, a cephalopod eye is focused through movement, much like the lens of a camera or telescope, rather than changing shape as the lens in the human eye does. The eye is approximately spherical, as is the lens, which is fully internal. Cephalopods' eyes develop in such a way that they have retinal axons that pass over the back of the retina, so the optic nerve does not have to pass through the photoreceptor layer to exit the eye and do not have the natural, central, physiological blind spot of vertebrates. The crystalins used in the lens appear to have developed independently from vertebrate crystalins, suggesting a homoplasious origin of the lens. Most cephalopods possess complex extraocular muscle systems that allow for very fine control over the gross positioning of the eyes. Octopuses possess an autonomic response that maintains the orientation of their pupils such that they are always horizontal. Polarized light Several types of cephalopods, most notably squid and octopuses, and potentially cuttlefish, have eyes that can distinguish the orientation of polarized light. This sensitivity is due to the orthogonal organization of neighboring photoreceptors. (Cephalopods have receptor cells called rhabdoms similar to those of other molluscs.) In contrast, the vertebrate eye is normally insensitive to polarization differences because the opsins in rods and cones are arrayed semi-randomly. And thus, the eye is equally sensitive to any orientation of the e-vector axis of the light. Because of their orthogonal organization, the opsins in cephalopod eyes have the highest light absorption when aligned properly with the light e-vector axis, allowing sensitivity to differences in polarization. The precise function of this ability has not been proven, but it is hypothesized to be for prey detection, navigation, and possibly communication among the color-changing cephalopods. Evolutionary debate Disagreement on whether the evolution of the camera eye within cephalopods and within vertebrates is a parallel evolution or a convergent evolution still exists, although is mostly resolved. The current standing is that of a convergent evolution for their analogous camera-type eye. Parallel evolution Those maintaining that it is a parallel evolution state that there is evidence that", "title": "Cephalopod eye" }, { "docid": "12722044", "text": "The Book of Everything (Dutch: Het boek van alle dingen) is a children's novel by Dutch author Guus Kuijer, published in 2004 by Querido. The book was awarded the Gouden Griffel literary award in 2005. The English translation was published in 2006. Plot summary The book, set in Amsterdam, relates the tale of a nine-year-old boy named Thomas who see things no one else can, such as invisible hail that \"ripped all the leaves from the trees\", and tropical fish in the canal. Thomas lives in a family of four: his parents and his sister, Margot. They are not, however, a harmonious family, as their father repeatedly hits their mother, and punishes Thomas by beating him with a wooden spoon. He is a very religious man, but he fears embarrassment and is said to \"not belong with people\". Thomas writes down everything in his \"Book of Everything\", a diary which holds his thoughts. Characters Thomas Thomas is the hero of the story. Although he is young, he knows a lot and is never afraid to ask questions. He has visions of Jesus and talks to him. He is said to be a good boy with a lovely personality. He says that \"when I grow up, I'm going to be happy\". In the prologue, the author asks the aged Thomas whether he became happy, and is answered, \"Yes.\" Thomas has many friends in the book such as Eliza, a girl with a wooden leg and a hurt hand. Thomas writes her a love letter early in the book, and later tells Jesus that he will marry her, and receives the Lord's blessing. Margot Margot is Thomas's older sister. Thomas describes her as, \"dumb as an onion,\" though much of her apparent stupidity is a farce. She has a way of knowing things. At a particularly violent point of the story, where the father is threatening to hurt Thomas and his mother, Margot grabs the carving knife and threatens Father with it, saying that \"I've had it up to here\". Thomas's respect for her grows as the story progresses. Thomas notes later in the story when Margot was looking dead into Father's eyes that she '...was no longer afraid, and I saw her become a witch before my very eyes.' Father Father has a very strict personality who does not believe in niceness or mercy, saying that \"only good-for-nothings and weaklings are happy. Life is a struggle.\" He has shut himself off from people. He is shown to be a coward. He is a very religious man, raising his family up to what he thinks is God's standard. Mother Mother is very nice to her son Thomas. She hides the fact that her husband hits her. She often takes the blow for Thomas' mistakes. She agrees to starting the 'Reading Aloud' club with Mrs. van Amersfoort, which lets her and Thomas grow. Mrs. van Amersfoort Mrs. van Amersfoort is a war survivor who is said to be a witch. In the story", "title": "The Book of Everything" }, { "docid": "1889605", "text": "James Milton Hayes MC (1884, in Ardwick – 1940, in Nice), known as J. Milton Hayes, was an English actor and poet, best known for his 1911 dramatic monologue \"The Green Eye of the Yellow God\", much parodied by his contemporary Stanley Holloway and later by The Goon Show. He also wrote and performed many other monologues. During the First World War he was commissioned in the Manchester Regiment, 31 December 1915 and awarded the Military Cross in November 1917. In 1918 he was captured and was held as a prisoner of war at Mainz Citadel with, among others, John Ferrar Holms, Hugh Kingsmill and Alec Waugh. In his book My Brother Evelyn and Other Profiles Waugh describes Hayes as \"A North Country man; he was nearly forty; he was brisk, assured, purposeful, with his eye on the main chance. He was the first person I heard analyse success.\" He gives Hayes's account of the writing of the poem: I wrote The Green Eye of the Little Yellow God in five hours, but I had it all planned out. It isn't poetry and it does not pretend to be, but it does what it sets out to do. It appeals to the imagination from the start: those colours, green and yellow, create an atmosphere. Then India, everyone has his own idea of India. Don't tell the public too much. Strike chords. It is no use describing a house; the reader will fix the scene in some spot he knows himself. All you've got to say is 'India' and a man sees something. Then play on his susceptibilities.<p>His name was Mad Carew. You've got the whole man there. The public will fill in the picture for you. And then the mystery. Leave enough unsaid to make paterfamilias pat himself on the back. 'I've spotted it, he can't fool me. I'm up to that dodge. I know where he went.' No need to explain. Then that final ending where you began. It carries people back. You've got a compact whole. 'A broken-hearted woman tends the grave of Mad Carew' They'll weave a whole story round that woman's life. Every man's a novelist at heart. We all tell ourselves stories. That's what you've got to play on. In John Lennon's posthumously released track \"Nobody Told Me\", the mention of a \"little yellow idol to the north of Katmandu\" in Lennon's song alludes to the first stanza from the Hayes poem, which reads: \"There's a one-eyed yellow idol to the north of Kathmandu.\" Notes External links Verse by J. Milton Hayes 1884 births 1940 deaths Manchester Regiment officers Recipients of the Military Cross World War I prisoners of war held by Germany British World War I prisoners of war British Army personnel of World War I Military personnel from Manchester", "title": "J. Milton Hayes" }, { "docid": "1530163", "text": "The term \"eye of a needle\" is used as a metaphor for a very narrow opening. It occurs several times throughout the Talmud. The New Testament quotes Jesus as saying in Luke 18:25 that \"it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter the kingdom of God\" (Jesus and the rich young man). It also appears in the Qur'an 7:40, \"Indeed, those who deny Our verses and are arrogant toward them – the gates of Heaven will not be opened for them, nor will they enter Paradise until a camel enters into the eye of a needle. And thus do We recompense the criminals.\" Aphorisms Judaism The Babylonian Talmud applies the aphorism to unthinkable thoughts. To explain that dreams reveal the thoughts of a man's heart and are the product of reason rather than the absence of it, some rabbis say: A midrash on the Song of Songs uses the phrase to speak of God's willingness and ability beyond comparison to accomplish the salvation of a sinner: Rav Sheishet of Nehardea applied the same aphorism to the reasoning for which the sages of Pumbedita were evidently famous: \"Are you from Pumbedita, where they push an elephant through the eye of a needle?\" (Baba Metzia, 38b). Christianity \"The eye of a needle\" is a portion of a quotation attributed to Jesus in the synoptic gospels: The saying was a response to a young rich man who had asked Jesus what he needed to do to inherit eternal life. Jesus replied that he should keep the commandments, which the man replied that he had done so. Jesus responded, \"If you want to be perfect, go, sell your possessions and give to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven. Then come, follow me.\" The young man became sad and was unwilling to do that. Jesus then spoke that response, leaving his disciples astonished. Cyril of Alexandria (fragment 219) claimed that \"camel\" was a Greek scribal typo where was written in place of . More recently, George Lamsa, in his 1933 translation of the Bible into English from the Syriac, claimed the same. Arthur Schopenhauer, in The World as Will and Representation, Volume 1, § 68, quoted Matthew 19:24: \"It is easier for an anchor cable to go through an eye of a needle than for a rich person to come to God's kingdom.\" In modern times, the scripture has been used as a counterargument to the prosperity gospel, the belief that accruing wealth is a virtue favored by God. Gate The \"Eye of the Needle\" has been claimed to be a gate in Jerusalem, which opened after the main gate was closed at night. A camel could not pass through the smaller gate unless it was stooped and had its baggage removed. The story has been put forth since at least the 11th century and possibly as far back as the 9th century. However, there is no widely accepted", "title": "Eye of a needle" }, { "docid": "5923908", "text": "\"The One with Joey's Big Break\" is the twenty-second episode of Friends fifth season. It first aired on the NBC network in the United States on May 13, 1999. Plot When Rachel is complaining about her eyes, Monica tells her to see her eye doctor, but Rachel refuses due to an unnatural fear of having anything near her or anyone else's eyes. Rachel eventually visits the eye doctor after much persuasion by Monica. The doctor tells her that she has a minor infection in her left eye and gives her eye drops for it. Monica takes extreme measures to give Rachel her eyedrops, to no avail. Eventually, Monica and the others manage to hold her down and give her the eyedrops. Joey is told by his agent that he is to play the lead role in an upcoming movie called Shutter Speed, which is being filmed in Las Vegas. After hearing the news, Chandler decides to go with Joey. While the two are on the George Washington Bridge on their way to Vegas, Joey reveals to Chandler that rather than getting a fixed salary, he would instead be getting a part of the movie's profit. This causes Chandler to inadvertently reveal that he does not think that this movie would be Joey's big break, causing Joey to kick Chandler out of the car. In Vegas, Joey arrives at the film site where the director reveals that production is being postponed due to a lack of funds and tells Joey to stand by until filming can resume. Joey gets an extremely demeaning and humiliating job at Caesars Palace and hides it from his friends. Meanwhile, Phoebe finds herself upset with Ross, but cannot remember why. Ross posits several reasons why Phoebe might be unhappy with him, but is unable find the right reason. He soon plays Phoebe's game with her in an effort to find out, and discovers that Phoebe believes that he called her boring. Ross cannot remember ever saying that she was boring, and Phoebe then realizes that it was a dream. Reception In the original broadcast, the episode was viewed by 21.3 million viewers. Sam Ashurst from Digital Spy ranked the episode #106 on their ranking of the 236 Friends episodes. Telegraph & Argus placed the episode at the same spot on their ranking of all 236 Friends episodes, and wrote that the best line in the episode was: (Phoebe apologises to Ross for an earlier insult) \"I am sorry about the fat ass thing. You actually have a very sweet little heinie\". References 1999 American television episodes Friends season 5 episodes", "title": "The One with Joey's Big Break" }, { "docid": "3321300", "text": "Eye Candy is the second and final studio album by British girl group Mis-Teeq. It was released by Telstar Records on 29 March 2003 in the United Kingdom. As with their previous album Lickin' on Both Sides (2001), the trio worked with producers StarGate, Ed Case, Mushtaq, and Rishi Rich on the majority of the album, but also consulted new collaborators such as Dave Kelly, Salaam Remi and singer Joe. Musically, Eye Candy took the band's sound further into the contemporary R&B genre, combining pop and soul music with heavy hip hop, garage and reggae elements. Upon release, the album received generally positive reviews. It debuted and peaked at number six on the UK Albums Chart and reached number 11 on the Scottish Albums Chart, eventually reaching gold status in the United Kingdom where its sales exceeded 100,000 units in April 2004. Eye Candy produced three singles, including the Blaque cover \"Can't Get It Back\" and lead single \"Scandalous\" which became a hit throughout Europe and Oceania and enjoyed success on the US Billboard charts, as well as \"Style\" which appeared on a reissue of the album. Eye Candy was the final album of Mis-Teeq who disbanded after the demise of their record label Telstar Records in 2005. Background Mis-Teeq reteamed with much of the same team that had worked with them on their previous album Lickin' on Both Sides (2001) to produce their second album. When asked about the background of Eye Candy, band member Su-Elise Nash commented: \"I would say it's extremely diverse, we worked with a lot of the producers from the first album, like Stargate and also Ed Case to bring that garage flavor back in. And we worked with Dave Kelly who does a lot of the production for all the Shaggy stuff. It's been very successful and this album is a lot more R&B dominated than Lickin which was more equally balanced with the garage and the R&B. Eye Candy is very much R&B but within that there are so many urban influences, the garage element, hip hop a much greater reggae aspect and an element of bhangra.\" Critical reception In his review for The Guardian, Dave Simpson wrote that Eye Candy \"documents Mis-Teeq's post-fame rollercoaster with breathless, Hard Day's Night-type detail. It's a life every girl dreams of - being whisked from club to party and at least two hours in make-up - but behind the dream lies the reality of \"dawn to dusk in the studio\" and brittle personal relationships. Such candour makes Eye Candy a sharp career move, but one with humanity and depth. And that title is clearly an ironic in-joke: on the cover, Mis-Teeq preen prettily with waxed legs, but inside, they prove their worth.\" BBC Music critic Bren O'Callaghan found that \"veering between underground and packaged pop, each track on Eye Candy evades definition from one to the next or even partway through [...] It's exactly this type of mix that should stand them in good stead with", "title": "Eye Candy (album)" }, { "docid": "39767666", "text": "\"If We Had Your Eyes\" is a song recorded by American singer Michelle Williams. It was written by Harmony Samuels, Courtney Harrell, and Al Sherrod Lambert for her fourth studio album, Journey to Freedom (2014), with production helmed by Samuels. The song was digitally released worldwide as the album's lead single on June 24, 2013. The official remix of \"If We Had Your Eyes\" featuring Fantasia Barrino was released on November 5, 2013. Background In June 2012, it was announced that Williams had signed a record deal with Light Records and eOne Music following her departure from Columbia Records. In February 2013, after reuniting with Destiny's Child for Beyoncé's performance at the Super Bowl XLVII halftime show, Williams revealed to Billboard.com that her fourth solo album and first since the 2008 release Unexpected was \"about 80 percent done,\" and produced primarily by Harmony Samuels as well as Warryn Campbell and Adam Blackstone. Williams described the album as \"an inspirational/gospel project,\" which \"sounds like an R&B/pop album\". Williams further elaborated on working with Samuels, saying, \"Harmony gave me the same tracks he would give to, like, Chris Brown and Kelly Rowland. Sometimes when you say you're doing a gospel album, it seems like people go back to their vaults of music they did in 1992, and I'm like, 'No, give me fresh-sounding music.' So this (album) sounds very current and contemporary.\" On June 14, Williams announced \"If We Had Your Eyes\" as the lead single from her fourth studio album and released a 30-second preview and the release date. On June 29, it was revealed in an interview for Michigan Avenue magazine that the album is titled Journey to Freedom. The song was inspired by a homeless person who \"asked [songwriter Al Sherrod Lambert] for some money\" and \"eventually started speaking into him\" after Lambret \"gave him all that he had\". A remix version of the song featuring additional vocals from fellow R&B singer Fantasia Barrino was released on November 4, 2013. Composition and lyrics \"If We Had Your Eyes\" is an R&B and contemporary gospel song. MTV Buzzworthy writer Brad Stern described the song as a \"gospel/old-school R&B infused track\". Jeff Benjamin of Fuse described the song as \"soul-stirring\", noting \"she sings about God's universal perspective: \"People judge from what they see / But Lord, you see the whole heart / If we had your eyes / We'd see things right.\" Benjamin also wrote \"The R&B track ends with a monologue: \"God, if I had Your eyes... / I'd be more patient / God, help me to see things the way You see things / Did I already say help me be patient? / I'll say it again\" and noted that it \"sounds like a modern take on her first solo records, the gospel albums Heart to Yours and Do You Know.\" According to Christine Thomasos of The Christian Post \"Williams sings about two situations where things are not what they seem. The first verse speaks about her helping a", "title": "If We Had Your Eyes" }, { "docid": "16365203", "text": "The training routines (TR) are training exercises or drills used in the Church of Scientology as well as affiliated programs Narconon, Criminon and WISE. The church describes them as a way of learning to communicate effectively and to control situations. Some critics and former Scientologists claim the training routines have a strong hypnotic effect, causing hallucinations and an out-of-body experience known as exteriorization. Training routines are used in the Narconon program to overcome influences that Scientology theory considers to be relevant to drug use and recidivism. The church claims that they have achieved a success rate of about 80 percent, but critics believe these claims to be baseless. Lower TRs These TRs, numbered 0–4, emphasize Scientology's \"cycle of communication\". OT TR-0: Operating Thetan Confronting Two students sit facing each other with their eyes closed. The routine ends when both students can sit for an extended period without movement or drowsiness.> TR-0: Confronting In the first exercise, a student and coach face each other with eyes open. The routine ends when the student can confront the coach for at least two hours without movement, excessive blinking, or loss of attention. The second exercise is the same, except that the coach tries to distract the student both verbally and physically. TR-0: Bullbait The coach says things to the student to try to provoke a reaction. The coach may say or do anything except leaving the chair. The student must be able to sit and watch the coach without getting distracted or reacting in any way. If he does, the coach flunks him and the TR starts over. The coach will attempt to find the student's \"buttons\" (things that cause a reaction). The stated purpose of this TR is to train the student to be there in a communication situation without getting distracted. TR-1: Dear Alice The student reads several lines from Alice in Wonderland to the coach as if saying them himself. The coach either acknowledges the line or flunks the student according to whether the line is communicated clearly.> TR-2: Acknowledgements The coach reads the student lines from Alice in Wonderland in a reversal of TR-1. The student must acknowledge each line so as to clearly end the cycle of communication. TR-3: Duplicative question The student repeatedly asks the coach, \"Do birds fly?\" or \"Do fish swim?\" If the coach answers the question, the student acknowledges the answer. If the coach says anything else, the student advises the coach that he will repeat the question, and then does so. TR-4: Originations The student repeatedly asks the coach a question as in TR-3. If the coach originates a statement unrelated to the question, the student handles the origination as needed and then continues the routine. Upper Indoc TRs These \"Upper Indoc(trination)\" Training Routines, numbered 6–9, emphasize the student's ability to control people and situations. TR-6: Body Control The student moves the coach's body around a room. In the first half of the routine the student \"steers\" the coach by silent actions. In", "title": "Training routines (Scientology)" }, { "docid": "59142783", "text": "Crow's Eye View () is 15 part poetry anthology written by Korean author Yi Sang. It was published by the newspaper The Chosun Ilbo () between July 24, 1934, and August 8. The anthology was originally planned to contain 30 poems, but only 15 could be published, due to criticism describing the works as too difficult to understand. The poems themselves are abstract, purposefully conveying feelings of anxiety, fear, and confusion. Origin of title The name of the anthology is a play on the phrase \"bird's eye view\", an elevated view of an object from above. However, 鳥, meaning bird, is replaced with 烏 meaning crow. It is generally accepted that this is meant to further the themes of anxiety and fear that the poetry deals with, as crows are traditionally associated with misfortune. Since the expression '烏瞰圖' (Crow's Eye View) does not exist, it is said that publishers would ask if the title was a typo of the phrase '鳥瞰圖' (bird's eye view). Poem No.1 English Version Click Here for English Version. Analysis It is noticeable that the poem is not spaced at all. Since Korean is a spoken language, spacing is the most basic rule of speech. When not spaced, it is not only confusing to read but also difficult to grasp the meaning. Violating the basic code of such grammar implies the poet's rebellion and disobedience to the symbolic power of the world, and the desire for aesthetic freedom. Usually, in the 1930s of Korea (which was Japanese occupation period), people would have had to live in despair wherever they went. Also, Yi Sang was suffering from lung disease, so he always had threats of death. The thirteen people who lost their sense of life and direction are self-portraits of his nation and their own image. This poem expresses fear, frustration, and faint hope of the colonial poet who had to live in a heartbreaking period of anxiety and fear in the paradoxical situation of 'dead end' and 'open end'. There are various analysis of the '13' children. One of the most common analysis of the number is that it represents the 13 people at the Last Supper. The part where it says '13 Children were just gathered together like that as either frightening or frightened children (The absence of any other Condition were highly preferable)' shows the anxiety of Judas, who is destined to betray Jesus and the anxiety of other apostles who doesn't know who the betrayer is. Poem No.4 Analysis The common analysis of this poem is that the numbers symbolize geometric sequence. The sequence always converges to zero, which symbolizes death. Also, it can be related with his tuberculosis that he was suffering from. The problem relating to this poem was presented on College Scholastic Ability Test (South Korea) 2003. In other media The first track of avant-garde cellist Okkyung Lee's album Ghil (2013) is titled \"The Crow Flew After Yi Sang\", in reference to Yi's poem \"Crow's Eye View\". See also Yi", "title": "Crow's Eye View" }, { "docid": "56956706", "text": "Rosehip Myfanwy Nell Gathorne-Hardy, known as Moffy Gathorne-Hardy, is a model signed onto Storm Models, the same agency that hired supermodel Kate Moss. She is primarily known for her crossed eyes and as a representative of challenging fashion industry norms, although she has said \"I find it hard to take credit for 'challenging' anything; although I suppose that is inadvertently what I have done\". Early life and education She was the daughter of Benjamin Gathorne-Hardy (son of writer Jonathan Gathorne-Hardy) and Philippa, daughter of David Heimann. After her parents' divorce, she was brought up in London by her mother, a painter, father, and pianist stepfather. Gathorne-Hardy recalled that, in her youth, she \"wore big round glasses and an eye patch to school to try and strengthen my weaker eye ... my parents tried to do everything they could to make it better but didn't want to risk the operation because I would have been put under general anaesthetic, which is dangerous when you're a child.\" Although she recalled \"a slight separation between myself and other 'normal' children\", she \"was always very lucky though, in that my mum told me every day of my childhood that I was beautiful and special and so I have had deeply instilled in me a feeling of self-confidence.\" She was educated at University College London, where she studied Russian and French. Career Gathorne-Hardy was scouted by Storm Models at the age of 14 when at a festival, but did not do any shoots until some years later. Her first shoot was for the cover of Pop in 2013; acquainted with the photographer, she was offered the opportunity to model despite having no particular knowledge of fashion. Press and online attention substantially focused on her strabismus, representing a challenge to modelling industry norms. Gathorne-Hardy commented on the \"big deal being made about the fact that I’ve got a lazy eye– but I still manage to be a model and that’s good for me– is a bit silly because, apart from anything else, [the lazy eye] hasn’t actually had a negative effect on my life. People have larger problems!\". She agreed with an interviewer that the disproportionate focus on this indicated the fashion industry's guilt about the lack of diversity, saying \"I feel like [the focus on the lazy eye] says more about them than it does me, really. On the other hand, if I’ve made other people who are insecure about little ’flaws’ feel somehow empowered, then that’s great.\" She was cast in a presentation in Paris, the first by Hood by Air, and featured in M.I.A.'s music video for World Recycle Week with H&M. References Living people 1994 births British female models Moffy Storm Management models", "title": "Moffy Gathorne Hardy" }, { "docid": "26875383", "text": "Freaky Green Eyes (2003) is the third young adult fiction novel written by Joyce Carol Oates. The story follows the life of 15-year-old Francesca \"Franky\" Pierson as she reflects on the events leading to her mother's mysterious disappearance. Through what she calls Freaky's thoughts, Franky accepts the truth about her mother's disappearance and her father's hand in it. Oates has said that the O.J Simpson case and the amount of media coverage it received inspired her to write Freaky Green Eyes. The novel's two primary themes, domestic violence and life in the media spotlight, raised questions about social taboo, teen anxiety, and the relationship between silence and truth. The novel became a critical success. Publishers Weekly named Freaky Green Eyes as one of the \"Best Children's Books of 2003\". Plot The novel opens with Franky explaining how \"Freaky\" came into her life. It was few weeks after her 14th birthday and she went to a college party near Puget Sound in Washington with some friends from her high school. While there, she met Cameron (a college freshman at the University of South Carolina), who tried to rape her. As a swimmer, Franky used her strong legs to kick Cameron hard enough to get him off her. Afterward, Cameron looked at her and said, \"You should see your eyes! Freaky green eyes!\" Franky, now 15, lives in Yarrow Heights (a suburb of Seattle) with her father Reid Pierson, her mother Krista Pierson, her younger sister Samantha, and her half-brother Todd. As a sports reporter, Reid has had a big contract go through with a TV network and wants to celebrate with his family. Krista, however, goes to an arts and crafts convention in Santa Barbara, California instead, which angers Reid. When Krista returns home, Franky starts to notice the tension between her parents, especially after hearing them fight. She hears her mom say she does not want to go to Reid's work gatherings because she feels like she doesn't fit in with his crowd. In turn, Reid gets mad that Krista isn't fulfilling her role as a wife. Krista starts wearing scarves around her neck and long shirts to cover her wrists and arms, which Franky notices, thinking her mother is hiding something from her. Yet she cannot muster up the courage to ask her about it. Instead, she starts feeling resentful toward her mother, thinking all the fighting was Krista's fault for provoking Reid. Her younger sister, Samantha, worries that their parents will divorce but both say that that won't happen, \"now or ever.\" Krista moves out of the house and into a small cabin in Skagit Harbor. She starts by taking her art supplies, then clothes and her dog, Rabbit. Whenever Reid is home, Krista lives in her cabin. When he leaves to cover sporting events, she comes back home to be with her children. Samantha sometimes calls Krista and begs her to come pick them up so they could all spend time together, but Krista always says no,", "title": "Freaky Green Eyes" }, { "docid": "5655565", "text": "\"Don't Forget Your Old Shipmate\" is a naval traditional song that was sung by British Royal Navy sailors since the 19th century. Versions First version The song was written by Richard Creagh Saunders (1809–1886), who enlisted in the navy as a Schoolmaster on the 11th of July, 1839. It was recorded in Charles Harding Firth's Naval Songs and Ballads (1908) in a slightly different form from the one popularized in cinema, where its opening verse has been omitted, and with quatrain stanzas instead of couplets. The first version opens with the following quatrain: We're the boys that fear no noise, Whilst the thundering cannons roar, And long we've toiled on the rolling wave, And now we're safe on shore. Folderol, etc. The rest of the song as presented by Firth does not differ substantially from the popular version presented below, but a few lines are inverted or have slight alterations to word order. Popular Master and Commander version The version sung in the film was arranged in 1978 by Jim Mageean from his album 'Of Ships... and Men.' The song is sung in the wardroom scene of Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World, and is still sung aboard surface combatant ships of the Royal Navy. Safe and sound at home again, let the waters roar, Jack. Safe and sound at home again, let the waters roar, Jack. Chorus Long we've tossed on the rolling main, now we're safe ashore, Jack. Don't forget yer old shipmate, faldee raldee raldee raldee rye-eye-doe! Since we sailed from Plymouth Sound, four years gone, or nigh, Jack. Was there ever chummies, now, such as you and I, Jack? Long we've tossed on the rolling main, now we're safe ashore, Jack. Don't forget yer old shipmate, faldee raldee raldee raldee rye-eye-doe! We have worked the self-same gun, quarterdeck division. Sponger I and loader you, through the whole commission. Long we've tossed on the rolling main, now we're safe ashore, Jack. Don't forget yer old shipmate, faldee raldee raldee raldee rye-eye-doe! Oftentimes have we laid out, toil nor danger fearing, Tugging out the flapping sail to the weather earing. Long we've tossed on the rolling main, now we're safe ashore, Jack. Don't forget yer old shipmate, faldee raldee raldee raldee rye-eye-doe! When the middle watch was on, and the time went slow, boy, Who could choose a rousing stave, who like Jack or Joe, boy? Long we've tossed on the rolling main, now we're safe ashore, Jack. Don't forget yer old shipmate, faldee raldee raldee raldee rye-eye-doe! There she swings, an empty hulk, not a soul below now. Number seven starboard mess misses Jack and Joe now. Long we've tossed on the rolling main, now we're safe ashore, Jack. Don't forget yer old shipmate, faldee raldee raldee raldee rye-eye-doe! But the best of friends must part, fair or foul the weather. Hand yer flipper for a shake, now a drink together. Long we've tossed on the rolling main, now we're safe ashore, Jack. Don't", "title": "Don't Forget Your Old Shipmate" }, { "docid": "4652664", "text": "The eye is a region of mostly calm weather at the center of a tropical cyclone. The eye of a storm is a roughly circular area, typically in diameter. It is surrounded by the eyewall, a ring of towering thunderstorms where the most severe weather and highest winds of the cyclone occur. The cyclone's lowest barometric pressure occurs in the eye and can be as much as 15 percent lower than the pressure outside the storm. In strong tropical cyclones, the eye is characterized by light winds and clear skies, surrounded on all sides by a towering, symmetric eyewall. In weaker tropical cyclones, the eye is less well defined and can be covered by the central dense overcast, an area of high, thick clouds that show up brightly on satellite imagery. Weaker or disorganized storms may also feature an eyewall that does not completely encircle the eye or have an eye that features heavy rain. In all storms, however, the eye is where the barometer reading is lowest. Structure A typical tropical cyclone has an eye approximately 30–65km (20–40mi) across at the geometric center of the storm. The eye may be clear or have spotty low clouds (a clear eye), it may be filled with low- and mid-level clouds (a filled eye), or it may be obscured by the central dense overcast. There is, however, very little wind and rain, especially near the center. This is in stark contrast to conditions in the eyewall, which contains the storm's strongest winds. Due to the mechanics of a tropical cyclone, the eye and the air directly above it are warmer than their surroundings. While normally quite symmetric, eyes can be oblong and irregular, especially in weakening storms. A large ragged eye is a non-circular eye which appears fragmented, and is an indicator of a weak or weakening tropical cyclone. An open eye is an eye which can be circular, but the eyewall does not completely encircle the eye, also indicating a weakening, moisture-deprived cyclone or a weak but strengthening one. Both of these observations are used to estimate the intensity of tropical cyclones via Dvorak analysis. Eyewalls are typically circular; however, distinctly polygonal shapes ranging from triangles to hexagons occasionally occur. While typical mature storms have eyes that are a few dozen miles across, rapidly intensifying storms can develop an extremely small, clear, and circular eye, sometimes referred to as a pinhole eye. Storms with pinhole eyes are prone to large fluctuations in intensity, and provide difficulties and frustrations for forecasters. Small/minuscule eyesthose less than ten nautical miles (19km, 12mi) acrossoften trigger eyewall replacement cycles, where a new eyewall begins to form outside the original eyewall. This can take place anywhere from fifteen to hundreds of kilometers (ten to a few hundred miles) outside the inner eye. The storm then develops two concentric eyewalls, or an \"eye within an eye\". In most cases, the outer eyewall begins to contract soon after its formation, which chokes off the inner eye and leaves a", "title": "Eye (cyclone)" }, { "docid": "1118130", "text": "The eye relief of an optical instrument (such as a telescope, a microscope, or binoculars) is the distance from the last surface of an eyepiece within which the user's eye can obtain the full viewing angle. If a viewer's eye is outside this distance, a reduced field of view will be obtained. The calculation of eye relief is complex, though generally, the higher the magnification and the larger the intended field of view, the shorter the eye relief. Eye relief and exit pupil The eye relief property should not be confused with the exit pupil width of an instrument: that is best described as the width of the cone of light that is available to the viewer at the exact eye relief distance. An exit pupil larger than the observer's pupil wastes some light, but allows for some fumbling in side-to-side movement without vignetting or clipping. Conversely, an exit pupil smaller than the eye's pupil will have all of its available light used, but since it cannot tolerate much side-to-side error in eye alignment, will often result in a vignetted or clipped image. The exit pupil width of say, a binocular, can be calculated as the objective diameter divided by the magnification, and gives the width of the exit cone of light in the same dimensions as the objective. For example, a 10 × 42 binocular has a 4.2 mm wide exit cone, and fairly comfortable for general use, whereas doubling the magnification with a zoom feature to 20 × results in a much more critical 2.1 mm exit cone. Eye relief distance can be particularly important for eyeglass wearers and shooters. The eye of an eyeglass wearer is typically further from the eyepiece, so that user needs a longer eye relief in order to still see the entire field of view. A simple practical test as to whether or not spectacles limit the field of view can be conducted by viewing first without spectacles and then again with them. Ideally there should be no difference in the field. For a shooter, eye relief is also a safety consideration. If the eye relief of a telescopic sight is too short, leaving the eye close to the sight, the firearm's recoil can force the optic's eyepiece to hit and cut into the skin around the shooter's eye, leaving a curved scarring laceration on the medial end of the supraorbital ridge and the eyebrow. This is frequently called a \"scope bite\", or the \"idiot cut\", due to the obvious and long-lasting nature of such a mistake. Typical eye relief distances for telescopic sights are often between one and four inches (25 to 100 mm), as opposed to the much shorter 15 to 17 mm for typical binoculars. The exit pupil widths in rifle sights are designed to be larger than the eye's pupil, to allow for a range of motion without vignetting. Available eye relief The eye relief given in product specifications does not always give a realistic view of what a", "title": "Eye relief" }, { "docid": "43446418", "text": "\"If You Could See Her Through My Eyes\" is the seventh episode of the second season of the American science fiction series Defiance, and the series' nineteenth episode overall. It was aired on July 31, 2014. The episode was written by Brusta Brown & John Mitchell Todd and directed by Allan Arkush. Plot Datak (Tony Curran) wakes up to find Jalina (Kelly McCormack), the Tarr's hand-maiden and who he spent the night with, dead on his doorstep with her eyes missing. Datak calls Doc Yewll (Trenna Keating) to help him find out what happened and to get rid of the body. Yewll does not want to help him though since she does not want to end up in prison again and she leaves him alone. Datak is afraid that they will blame him for the murder and he does not want to report it to Nolan (Grant Bowler), so he calls Rafe (Graham Greene) for help. Rafe helps him to transfer the body to a hellbug area to be eaten and then they both start to search for Jalina's murderer. Stahma (Jaime Murray) worries about Jalina who did not come home and reports her disappearance to Nolan. Nolan thinks that the disappearance is the same as Bertie's few days before and tells her that probably Jalina will be back in few days. Datak informs Stahma later about Jalina's death and they agree to find who is responsible without involving the lawkeeper while Nolan asks Irisa (Stephanie Leonidas) if she has anything to do with this. Irisa tries to induce visions of the man she saw on the Votan ship by hurting herself since the wound will heal. She draws the man's face when Rynn (Tiio Horn) interrupts her to ask her help finding Sukar who is missing. Rynn sees the sketch of the man and tells Irisa that this man is Cai (Robin Dunne) and he is with her in Defiance. Irisa insists on meeting him and when Rynn introduces her to him and Irisa asks him if he recognizes her, Cai says he has never seen her before. Yewll gets a lead of who might be responsible for Jalina's death when Professor Lambert (Gilles Savard) comes to her office for eye drops and she calls Datak. Datak heads to Lambert's place with Rafe where Lambert tells them that he got the eyes from doctor Otto Scheck (Sean Arbuckle). At the same time, Rynn goes missing and Cai tells Irisa who goes straight to Nolan. The two of them go to Yewll who tells them about what is happening and gives them the names of other surgeon doctors in Defiance to investigate them. While Dr. Scheck is ready to remove Rynn's second eye, Nolan and Irisa show up and stop him. Scheck manages to stab Irisa on the shoulder and runs away, only to run into Datak and Rafe who were coming to his office. Datak removes Scheck's eyes with his bare hands before Nolan gets there. Irisa follows Nolan", "title": "If You Could See Her Through My Eyes" }, { "docid": "14851425", "text": "Samay: When Time Strikes is a 2003 Indian Hindi-language thriller film directed by Robbie Grewal. It starred Sushmita Sen and Sushant Singh. Plot ACP Malvika Chauhan (Sushmita Sen) is a widowed cop with a 10-year-old daughter. She is saddled with the murder case of a reputed businessman, where the killer has left no evidence. Before she can get into the investigation, a famous heroine is killed. Malvika suspects that it might be the work of a serial killer. Investigation reveals that the victims were not connected with each other. Plus, even the suspects with motives were not near the crime scenes. Suddenly Malvika realizes that somebody is stalking her. Malvika accosts her stalker, but he reveals that he was just doing it for a criminal named Suleman Bhai. As Suleman has that much expertise to kill someone without leaving evidence, Malvika thinks she has got a killer for at least one case. But when Malvika goes to Suleman's house, she finds Suleman dead. Again out of leads, Malvika starts going through case files of all 3 victims. She finds 4 connections: All were the best people in their fields. All had a poor eyesight with eye power of -2. All ordered their spectacles from the same shop. The position of their hands on the crime scene indicated their time of death (12 am, 3 pm, and 6 pm). Malvika goes to the shop to investigate, where the assistant says that her eyesight is perfect, but her vision is very weak. Malvika does not realize what he means, but after learning that the assistant did not turn up that day, she realizes that she talked with the killer (whom she could not see, as the room was dark). Later, she finds out from the list of customers that a person named Amod Parekh (Jackie Shroff), also with eye power -2, visited the same optical shop on the days when all the three murdered persons visited the shop, and believes him to be the killer. A frustrated Malvika sends her associate Satya (Sushant Singh) to investigate the whereabouts of the killer, while she tries to figure out who the next target is. She finds that a renowned musician, who also has a power of -2, is the customer of the shop and is performing the same evening. Malvika arranges for a tight security, but the musician is not killed by the killer even after the given time (9 pm). Meanwhile, Malvika's associate finds out the killer's address. Amod reveals himself to Malvika in front of the musician. Amod explains that he was also a graduate from the '94 batch of the police academy, the same batch from which Malvika graduated. He explains that his credentials were much better than Malvika's, but he was toppled, as he had poor eyesight with power -2. Amod vents out his anger by saying that this same fault did not affect the lives of his victims, in fact, they became famous. He also goes on to say", "title": "Samay: When Time Strikes" }, { "docid": "39234119", "text": "\"Over the Love\" is a song recorded by English indie rock band Florence and the Machine for the soundtrack to Baz Luhrmann's 2013 film adaptation of F. Scott Fitzgerald's 1925 novel, The Great Gatsby. It appears as the seventh track on the soundtrack. The song was released as the first promotional single from the album on 17 April 2013, available to stream on SoundCloud in the weeks leading up to the soundtrack's release. Composition \"Over the Love\" is a ballad that builds towards the end and talks about a girl crying over the love for her boyfriend and the distance that separates them. The lyrics of the song reference symbols from F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel, like the yellow dress Daisy Buchanan wears and the green light that appears outside her home in East Egg's dock. Moreover, the line \"'Cause you're a hard soul to save with an ocean in the way, but I'll get around it\" symbolizes the space between East Egg and Long Island Sound in West Egg where Jay Gatsby awaits Daisy. An alternative interpretation would be that it is a reference to the Atlantic. It was Gatsby's service in World War I that originally separated Daisy and Gatsby. Yet another interpretation is that the line refers to Gatsby's unshakable determination which is both a source of his strength as well as the cause of his downfall. In the novel, Nick Carraway describes a woman in a yellow dress who is wailing next to the piano at the end of the first party he attended. Another woman tells Nick she \"had a fight with a man who says he's her husband.\" Her tear-stained face is smudged with mascara and guests are telling her to sing the notes on her face. The lyrics \"Now there’s green light in my eyes\" and \"I can see the green light, I can see it in your eyes\", bring a connection to the metaphors of the green light of the lighthouse constantly described in the book. Critical reception \"Over the Love\" received universal acclaim. Fans' reaction toward the song has been overwhelmingly positive. Pretty Much Amazing gave a positive review saying, \"Florence + the Machine’s “Over [the] Love” is our first taste of that record, and I believe GQ is correct in saying this is sung from Daisy’s perspective. Welch is in great form on the track and it leaves me rewatching its trailers, excited to see the film–all intellectual quandaries aside.\" Perez Hilton acclaimed the song saying, \"Florence + [the] Machine has delivered a powerfully emotional song for the film, [\"Over the Love\"]. With AH-Mazing vocals and lyrics referencing Daisy’s yellow dress and other Gatsby moments, this song has us barely able to wait for the film.\" \"Over the Love\" received a very positive review from Page to Premiere, calling it \"absolutely amazing.\" Hypetrak praised the song saying the song \"is an undeniably powerful and impactful number, as Florence does so often, showcasing her strong and unwavering vocals throughout.\" Spin simply called", "title": "Over the Love" }, { "docid": "29753919", "text": "Tziduk Hadin () is a prayer recited at a Jewish funeral, immediately after the grave has been filled. The prayer affirms that the Divine Judgment is righteous and perfect. It is followed by Psalm 49. It is not recited on various holidays. The text of the prayer is as follows: The Rock, His work is perfect, for all His ways are justice; a G-d of faithfulness and without iniquity, righteous and just is He. The Rock, perfect in all His works. Who can say to Him 'What have You done?' He rules below and above, He brings death and restores life, brings down to the grave and raises up from there. The Rock, perfect in all His deeds. Who can say to Him, 'What do You do?' You Who says and fulfills, do undeserved kindness with us, and in the merit of him [Isaac] who was bound [on the altar] like a lamb, hearken and grant our request. Righteous One in all His ways, O Rock Who is perfect, slow to anger and abundant in mercy, take pity and spare both parents and children, for to You, O Lord, pertain forgiveness and mercy. Righteous are You, Lord, to bring death and to restore life, for in Your hands are entrusted all spirits. Far be it from You to erase our memory. Look towards us with mercy, for Yours, O Lord, are mercy and forgiveness. A man, whether he be a year old, or whether he lives a thousand years, what does it profit him? For is it not as if he has never been? Blessed be the True Judge, Who brings death and restores life. Blessed be He, for His judgment is true, as He scans everything with His eye, and He rewards man according to his account and his judgment. Let all give praise to His Name. We know, Lord, that Your judgment is right. You are righteous when You speak and pure when You judge, and none shall question Your judgments. Righteous are You, Lord, and Your judgments are just. You are the True Judge, Who judges with righteousness and truth. Blessed is the True Judge, for all of His judgments are righteous and true. The soul of every living creature is in Your hand, righteousness fills Your right and left hand. Have mercy on the remnant of the flock under Your hand, and say to the angel of death, ‘Hold back your hand!'''You are great in counsel and mighty in action, Your eyes are watching all the ways of man, to give man according to his ways and according to the fruit of his deeds.That is to say that the Lord is Just; He is my Strength, and there is no injustice in Him.The Lord has given and the Lord has taken. May the Name of the Lord be blessed.He, being compassionate, pardons iniquity, and does not destroy; time and again He turns away His anger, and does not arouse all His wrath.'' References Bereavement in Judaism", "title": "Tziduk Hadin" }, { "docid": "22403625", "text": "\"Golden Powers\" is the second episode of the first season of the comedic sword and sorcery series Kröd Mändoon and the Flaming Sword of Fire. It originally aired on Comedy Central in the United States on April 9, 2009. The episode was written by series creator Peter Knight and directed by Alex Hardcastle. In \"Golden Powers\", Kröd learns he is \"The Golden One\" who is destined to overthrow the evil Makonian Empire. But he needs help from his girlfriend Aneka, who briefly leaves Kröd because he is upset about her tendency to use sex as a weapon. Meanwhile, the evil Chancellor Dongalor tries repeatedly to kill Kröd and continues working to uncover the secrets of the Eye of Gulga Grymna, the deadliest weapon of the ancient world. The episode featured a striptease by actress India de Beaufort as part of her character's Pagan ritual; to prepare for it, Beaufort trained at a Hungarian strip club outside Budapest, where the episode was filmed. \"Golden Powers\", which premiered back-to-back along with the season premiere episode \"Wench Trouble\", received generally mixed reviews. According to Nielsen ratings, it was viewed by 1.6 million households in its original American broadcast, about average for that time period; it had slightly fewer viewers than the episode of The Daily Show that aired later that evening. Plot The episode opens with Kröd Mändoon (Sean Maguire) mourning the recent death of his mentor General Arcadius (Roger Allam). Kröd is accompanied by his girlfriend Aneka (India de Beaufort), his pig-like 'Grobble' servant Loquasto (Steve Speirs), his sorcerer friend Zezelryck (Kevin Hart) and Bruce (Marques Ray), Arcadius' flamboyant ex-lover. Later, Kröd tells Aneka he wants to seek couples counseling due to her tendency to use sex as a weapon against her enemies. But Aneka refuses, and says she plans to leave them to participate in 'The Raccoon Festival': a pagan religious ritual in which she has sex with 300 men. When he reacts with anger, Aneka says she is leaving Kröd and tells him, \"And I thought you could have been one of the ones.\" Meanwhile, the evil Chancellor Dongalor (Matt Lucas) is told by his advisor Barnabus (Alex MacQueen) that they are still working to discover how to use the Eye of Gulga Grymna, the recently unearthed ancient weapon that Dongalor wants to use to gain power. Bruce tells Kröd that the word Engamora, which Arcadius muttered to Kröd before he died, refers to a prophecy that chronicles the overthrow of an empire at \"The Golden One\", which Bruce said is \"a slightly less clichéd way of saying the Chosen One\". Bruce says Arcadius believes the prophecy spoke of Kröd, but Kröd does not believe it. They are interrupted when Dongalor and his men ride into the village and demand Kröd’s surrender. Kröd jumps forward to attacks Dongalor, but he overshoots him and leaps right into his carriage, and explains that he forgot the blade sticks in some of the warmer months. Before he can pull his sword out, one", "title": "Golden Powers (Kröd Mändoon and the Flaming Sword of Fire)" }, { "docid": "2022036", "text": "Closed-eye hallucinations and closed-eye visualizations (CEV) are hallucinations that occur when one's eyes are closed or when one is in a darkened room. They should not be confused with phosphenes, perceived light and shapes when pressure is applied to the eye's retina, or some other non-visual external cause stimulates the eye. Some people report CEV under the influence of psychedelics; these are reportedly of a different nature than the \"open-eye\" hallucinations of the same compounds. Similar hallucinations that occur due to loss of vision are called \"visual release hallucinations\". Levels of CEV perception There are five known levels of CEV perception which can be achieved either through chemical stimuli or through meditative relaxation techniques. Level 1 and 2 are very common and often happen every day. It is still normal to experience level 3, and even level 4, but only a small percentage of the population does this without psychedelic drugs, meditation or extensive visualization training. Level 1: Visual noise The most basic form of CEV perception that can be immediately experienced in normal waking consciousness involves a seemingly random noise of pointillistic light or dark regions with no apparent shape or order. This can be seen when the eyes are closed and looking at the back of the eyelids. In a bright room, a dark red can be seen, owing to a small amount of light penetrating the eyelids and taking on the color of the blood it has passed through. In a dark room, blackness can be seen or the object can be more colourful. But in either case it is not a flat unchanging redness/blackness. Instead, if actively observed for a few minutes, one becomes aware of an apparent disorganized motion, a random field of lightness or darkness that overlays the redness or blackness of closed eyelids. For a person who tries to actively observe this closed-eye perception on a regular basis, there comes a point where if they look at a flat-shaded object with their eyes wide open, and try to actively look for this visual noise, they will become aware of it and see the random pointillistic disorganized motion as if it were a translucent overlay on top of what is actually being seen by their open eyes. When seen overlaid onto the physical world, this CEV noise does not obscure physical vision at all, and in fact is hard to notice if the visual field is highly patterned, complex, or in motion. When active observation is stopped, it is not obvious or noticeable, and seemingly disappears from normal physical perception. Individuals suffering from visual snow syndrome see similar noise but experience difficulty blocking it from conscious perception. Level 2: Light or dark flashes Some mental control can be exerted over these closed-eye visualizations, but it usually requires a bit of relaxation and concentration to achieve. When properly relaxed it is possible to cause regions of intense black, bright white or even colors such as yellow, green, or pink to appear in the noise. These", "title": "Closed-eye hallucination" }, { "docid": "4923146", "text": "From the Corner of His Eye is a novel by best-selling author Dean Koontz, released in 2000. It is the story of a boy named Barty Lampion, a ruthless killer named Junior Cain, and a girl named Angel, born as the result of a rape. Synopsis Dean Koontz writes a tale of good and evil, and how the concepts influence people's lives. The book begins with three separate stories that eventually intertwine: a loving relationship between a mother and her genius son, a ruthless killer, and a young woman who takes it upon herself to raise her late sister's baby. Characters Bartholomew Lampion Bartholomew Lampion (known as \"Barty\" to his mother and her friends) was born to Agnes and Joey Lampion, but Joey died in a car accident on the way to the hospital to take Agnes in for labor. Barty was exceptionally smart as a baby. He learned to talk and walk exceptionally early and taught himself to read at the age of two. He also started advanced mathematics a little later. Throughout the book he is known as a \"child prodigy.\" One day, Barty and his mother go to his father's grave when it is raining. Agnes gets soaked in the weather, but not a single drop touched Barty, as he says, \"I ran where the rain wasn't.\" Barty, when reading at the age of three, starts to complain about wavy lines in the pages of his book. A doctor informs Barty and his mother that he has a rare cancer that would spread to his brain if his eyes weren't removed. Barty's eyes are then surgically removed, but later in the book he gets to see again. When he is thirteen, Barty says that he sees where he wasn't blind. His daughter, Mary, eventually permanently restores his sight. Agnes Lampion Agnes Lampion is Bartholomew's (Barty) mother who is an extremely kind woman who helps others by providing her faith, hope, and occasionally a pie. She cares for her twin brothers who are both traumatized and have slight mental issues. Despite these draw backs she still treats them as normal people and never once shows grief at their presence. Agnes grew up with a father who was very strict and often punished his children very harshly. She was not allowed to take part in any entertainment for it was considered a sin. Her brothers are wary of the house after their father's death, for too many painful memories occurred there, but Agnes tries to wash the horrid suffering away by replacing the terrible reminders with happier ones in their new family. While most people would despise religion after having such strict teaching shoved onto them so brutally, Agnes still strongly believes in God and in his teachings. She often prays for those who are down on their luck, while also providing pies and groceries to people who are in need. Agnes is confused by her son's special talents but does not cast them off as her father would", "title": "From the Corner of His Eye" }, { "docid": "33631085", "text": "\"Aberdeen\" is a song by American rock band Cage the Elephant. It is the third single from their second studio album, Thank You, Happy Birthday (2011). The song was originally named \"Maybelline\", but was later changed to \"Aberdeen\" because Cage the Elephant's lead singer Matt Shultz found himself repeatedly singing the latter city's name while rehearsing in Aberdeen, Scotland. Music video The music video is a clay animation video and does not feature the band. It is about a clumsy, lonely dragon-like monster who travels to a busy city at night trying to make friends. Instead, he indirectly causes the deaths of 3 people and a dog, much to his shock. He quickly retreats to his lair and watches the news, where he begins to sob as he finds that the city has demonized him. Throughout the video he is seen creating a replica city. When he returns to the city, he holds a statue he made of himself and another human holding hands, with \"FRIENDS\" engraved on the bottom. As he walks through the city a second time, police shine a spotlight in his eyes, causing him to drop the statue. When the police inspect the statue, which is now broken, they see the monster trying to eat a person and the engraving of \"FRIENDS\" is smashed and says \"DIE\". Subsequently the police officers open fire on the dragon, and the dragon kicks one of them. Once again he hurries back to his lair, to later be intruded upon by soldiers and a tank. All of the soldiers open fire on the dragon with automatic weapons, and one fires consecutive rockets at him, causing the beast to lose an arm and leg. The tank then fires a shell directly at his head, causing it to explode. One of the monster's eyes rolls over toward the General, prompting him to casually shoot the eye. With the beast subdued, the General lights a cigar and walks over to a statue of the creature and a human smiling together, and a look of surprise washes over him as he realizes that the dragon wanted to be friends. Track listing Track written by Cage the Elephant. Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts References 2011 singles Cage the Elephant songs Song recordings produced by Jay Joyce 2011 songs Jive Records singles Songs written by Matt Shultz (singer)", "title": "Aberdeen (song)" }, { "docid": "23643015", "text": "\"What's Happened to Blue Eyes\" is a song by American country music artist Jessi Colter. It was released on August 4, 1975, as a single from her album I'm Jessi Colter, peaking as a Top 10 hit on the Billboard Country Chart and a minor hit on the pop chart. Content \"What's Happened to Blue Eyes\" was written entirely by Jessi Colter. The narrator discusses how she is looking for her male lover who goes by the name \"blue eyes.\" She is curious if anyone has seen him, hoping he has not decided to end their relationship. The song was produced by Ken Mansfield and Colter's husband Waylon Jennings, both of whom produced Colter's previous single, \"I'm Not Lisa\" and the associated album. Since its release, the song has been covered by Jennings as duet with Colter for their 1981 collaboration, Leather and Lace. Chart performance \"What's Happened to Blue Eyes\" was released as Colter's second single on Capitol Records and was issued August 4, 1975. The song made its chart debut on the country list shortly afterwards on August 23. The song became Colter's second major hit as a solo recording artist, reaching a peak of #5 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart, as well as becoming a minor hit on the Pop chart, peaking at #57 around the same time. It would be released on her debut Capitol album, I'm Jessi Colter. The song was the follow-up single to Colter's major country pop crossover hit, \"I'm Not Lisa\", which was released earlier in the year. Critical reception Billboard magazine reviewed the song favorably, saying that \"when she writes, she turns out masterpieces, and then when she does the interpretation herself, it is superb. This is a case in point.\" Charts Cover Versions In 1981, Colter's husband, Waylon Jennings recorded the song on their 1981 duet album, Leather and Lace. References 1975 singles Jessi Colter songs Songs written by Jessi Colter 1974 songs Capitol Records singles", "title": "What's Happened to Blue Eyes" }, { "docid": "6228372", "text": "The Third Eye is a 1984 novel for young adults by Lois Duncan. It is a supernatural/suspense novel which tells the story of a girl with a psychic gift. Plot summary The protagonist of The Third Eye is eighteen-year-old Karen Connors. While in high school, she began dating Tim, a popular classmate. For the first time, Karen begins to feel as though she is finally fitting in. Her mother is pleased that she is dating Tim, as she has always pushed Karen to fit in and be popular. Karen gets a job as a babysitter for the Zenner family, watching Stephanie and her older brother, Bobby. Bobby leaves to go and play with his friends, but doesn’t show up at lunchtime. Karen asks nearby families if they had seen him, and when they all reply they haven’t, she contacts the police. Officer Ronald Wilson arrived to question Karen, and the first thing she notices about him is that he has vivid blue eyes and seems much too young to be a police officer. Wilson does not seem too concerned about the disappearance, saying that Bobby was probably at a friend's house. Karen starts having visions of where Bobby is, seeing he is unconscious and stuck in a box. When Bobby's parents arrive home, Bobby is still missing. The policeman returns to the Zenner home. Karen realizes that the box she saw in her vision is the trunk of a car, and that the car is headed her way. She also realizes that the car she envisions belongs to her boyfriend, Tim. When he arrives to take her home, she confronts Tim, and they find Bobby in the trunk, unconscious, but alive. Afterward, Karen is asked by Officer Wilson if she would be willing to help locate a missing girl named Carla Sanchez. Going against her parents' wishes, Karen agrees to help. Officer Wilson drives Karen to Ms. Sanchez’s house that afternoon. Alone in Carla's bedroom, Karen picks up various items of clothing and toys in an attempt to receive a vision of Carla. After this approach fails, Karen and Officer Wilson leave the Sanchez residence. While in the car with Officer Wilson, Karen receives psychic messages, leading them to a riverbank. They find a pair of sandals and a bicycle that belong to Carla. Karen feels weak and nauseated. Karen then has a vision of the events that led up to Carla's death. Police later find her body in the river. Among the following events, Tim breaks up with Karen and graduates high school. That summer, Karen is hired at a daycare center. She enjoys her job, and particularly bonds with an outgoing toddler named Matthew, who has unusually vivid blue eyes. Karen remarks on his eyes to Matthew's mother when she comes to pick him up, and the mother tells her that the unusual color comes from her husband's side of the family, and they seem to be a dominant genetic trait, as she herself has brown eyes. On", "title": "The Third Eye (novel)" }, { "docid": "1761517", "text": "Argus or Argos Panoptes (, \"All-seeing Argos\") is a many-eyed giant in Greek mythology. Mythology Argus Panoptes () was the guardian of the heifer-nymph Io and the son of Arestor. According to Asclepiades, Argus Panoptes was a son of Inachus, and according to Cercops he was a son of Argus and Ismene, daughter of Asopus. Acusilaus says that he was earth-born (authochthon), born from Gaia. Probably Mycene (in another version the son of Gaia) was a primordial giant whose epithet Panoptes, \"all-seeing\", led to his being described with multiple, often one hundred eyes. The epithet Panoptes was applied to the god of the Sun, Helios, and was taken up as an epithet by Zeus, Zeus Panoptes. \"In a way,\" Walter Burkert observes, \"the power and order of Argos the city are embodied in Argos the neatherd, lord of the herd and lord of the land, whose name itself is the name of the land.\"The epithet Panoptes, reflecting his mythic role, set by Hera as a very effective watchman of Io, was described in a fragment of a lost poem Aigimios, attributed to Hesiod: In the 5th century and later, Argus' wakeful alertness was explained for an increasingly literal culture as his having so many eyes that only a few of the eyes would sleep at a time: there were always eyes still awake. In the 2nd century AD Pausanias noted at Argos, in the temple of Zeus Larissaios, an archaic image of Zeus with a third eye in the center of his forehead, allegedly Priam's Zeus Herkeios purloined from Troy. Argus was Hera's servant. His great service to the Olympian pantheon was to slay the chthonic serpent-legged monster Echidna as she slept in her cave. Hera's defining task for Argus was to guard the white heifer Io from Zeus, who was attracted to her, keeping her chained to the sacred olive tree at the Argive Heraion. She required someone who had at least a hundred eyes spread out, always watching in all directions, someone who would stay awake despite being asleep. Argos was meant to be the perfect guardian. She charged him to \"Tether this cow safely to an olive-tree at Nemea\". Hera knew that the heifer was in reality Io, one of the many nymphs Zeus was coupling with to establish a new order. To free Io, Zeus had Argus slain by Hermes. The messenger of the Olympian gods, disguised as a shepherd, first put all of Argus' eyes asleep with spoken charms, then slew him. Some versions say that Hermes used his wand to close Argus' eyes permanently, while other versions say that Hermes simply hurled a stone at Argus. Either way, Argus' death was the first stain of bloodshed among the new generation of gods. After beheading Argus, Hermes acquired the epithet Argeiphontes or “Argus-slayer”. The sacrifice of Argus liberated Io and allowed her to wander the earth, although tormented by a gadfly sent by Hera, until she reached the Ionian Sea, named after her, from where", "title": "Argus Panoptes" }, { "docid": "62783176", "text": "Janet Dawson (born October 31, 1949) is an American writer of mysteries. Thirteen of her novels comprise the Jeri Howard series, featuring a private eye of the same name, and three make up the California Zephyr series featuring private eye Jill McLeod. Dawson's work has included many short stories and a mystery novel, What You Wish For, that is not part of either series. Dawson's Kindred Crimes was named a \"best first private-eye novel\" by St. Martin's Press and the Private Eye Writer's Association in 1990, and in 2004, her short story, \"Voice Mail\", won a Macavity Award. Dawson, a graduate of the University of Colorado, Boulder (B.S. in journalism), began her writing career as a reporter for the Daily News of Lamar, Colorado (1972–74). She served in the United States Navy (1975–83), where she rose to the rank of lieutenant. During these same years, she completed work for an M.A. in history at California State University, Hayward, graduating in 1983. From then through 1995, she was a legal secretary for Safeway Inc., thereafter becoming a full-time writer. Critical reception Pearl G. Aldrich, in St. James Guide to Crime and Mystery Writers, praises Dawson for creating a strong central character, Jeri Howard, \"an independent woman who chooses her own destiny and fights her own battles\", for her main series of novels. The overall quality of that series, she says, is high. Though she finds Dawson's writing style \"pedestrian ... and plodding\", the private eye is \"appealing and her cases interesting.\" Of Dawson's first Jeri Howard novel, Kindred Crimes, Publishers Weekly says, \"Dawson keeps suspense and interest at high pitch even for readers who correctly distinguish the guilty and innocent.\" The magazine describes as \"workmanlike\" her most recent novel in the series, The Devil Close Behind, concluding that \"This love letter to New Orleans has a great sense of place, which compensates in part for a mystery with few surprises. Series fans will best appreciate this one.\" Lauren Miller, writing for the Historical Novel Society, praises Dawson for the \"extensive research into train life\" that informs Death Rides the Zephyr. This detail includes \"every aspect of being a Zephyrette [train stewardess], from dealing with rude customers to the ticket colors used when scheduling luncheon and the dinner hour.\" However, Miller says, \"The well-detailed nature of the piece does affect the pacing, which at times feels slow...\". Bibliography Jeri Howard series Kindred Crimes (1990) Till the Old Men Die (1993) Take a Number (1993) Don't Turn Your Back on the Ocean (1994) Nobody's Child (1995) A Credible Threat (1996) Witness to Evil (1997) Where the Bodies Are Buried (1998) A Killing at the Track (2000) Bit Player (2011) Cold Trail (2015) Water Signs (2017) The Devil Close Behind (2019) California Zephyr series Death Rides the Zephyr (2013) Death Deals a Hand (2016) The Ghost in Roomette Four (2018) Short stories What the Cat Dragged In (2002) Scam and Eggs (2011) Other What You Wish For: A Novel of Suspense (2012) References 1949", "title": "Janet Dawson (writer)" }, { "docid": "3902371", "text": "\"The Pen\" is the 20th episode of Seinfeld, the third episode of the third season which first aired on October 2, 1991. This is the only episode in which the character of George Costanza does not appear and one of two episodes in which Kramer does not appear (the other being \"The Chinese Restaurant\"). Additionally, this episode is the first appearance of Morty's rival Jack Klompus and of Uncle Leo's wife (and Jerry's aunt) Stella. Plot Jerry and Elaine travel to Florida to visit Jerry's parents Morty and Helen for the weekend, and plan on going scuba diving. Morty, the outgoing condo association president, is being honored at a ceremony the next night. Jack Klompus and his wife Doris come over to write Morty a check for a previous night's dinner, and Jerry takes interest in Jack's pen. When Jerry asks him about it, Jack tells him that it can write upside down and that astronauts use it in space. Jack offers an interested Jerry the pen. Jerry refuses his offer several times, but Jack persists and Jerry finally gives in. Helen asks why he took the pen and says he should give it back because Doris will tell everyone in the condo that Jerry made Jack give it to him. That night, Jerry and Elaine struggle to sleep in the heat, since Jerry's parents refuse to turn on the air conditioning; Elaine sleeps on a sofa bed with a bar that sticks up through the mattress and injures her back, causing extreme pain. Jerry tries to console her by saying they only have two more days left before they go back to New York. The next morning, Elaine's back is so sore that she cannot go scuba diving with Jerry, so he goes without her. Morty suggests she take muscle relaxants to ease the pain. Just as Helen predicted, their neighbor Evelyn tells the Seinfelds about the rumors that are beginning to spread around the Pines of Mar Gables Phase II that Jerry wanted Jack to give him the pen. When Jerry returns, he has black eyes because the capillaries around his eyes burst when he went underwater. Jack comes over again and Jerry returns the pen. Morty takes umbrage with Klompus for \"taking that kid's pen\". Elaine takes an excessive dose of the muscle relaxants. Upon being introduced to Uncle Leo’s wife Stella at the dinner honoring Morty, an addled Elaine falls to her knees screaming “Stella! Stella!” like Marlon Brando in A Streetcar Named Desire. Jerry has to wear sunglasses because of his black eyes. Jack turns the dinner into a roast, joking at Morty's expense as the host. Morty starts arguing with Jack again about taking back the pen and they start fighting, breaking Jack's dental plate in the process. Helen tells Jerry to do a comedy bit to calm the crowd, which he reluctantly does with no success. The next day, a chiropractor looks at Elaine's back and tells her she should not go anywhere", "title": "The Pen" }, { "docid": "152747", "text": "\"Eye of the Beholder\" (also titled \"The Private World of Darkness\" when initially rebroadcast in the summer of 1962) is episode 42 of the American television anthology series The Twilight Zone. It originally aired on November 11, 1960, on CBS. Opening narration Plot summary Janet Tyler has undergone her eleventh treatment - the maximum number legally allowed by the \"State\" - in an attempt to look normal. Her head is completely bandaged so that her face is entirely covered, and her face is described as a \"pitiful twisted lump of flesh\" by the nurses and doctor, lurking in the shadows of the darkened hospital room. The outcome of the procedure cannot be known until the bandages are removed. Unable to bear the bandages any longer, Janet pleads with the doctor and eventually convinces him to remove them early. As he prepares, the nurse says that she still is uneasy about Janet's appearance. The doctor becomes displeased and questions why Janet or anyone must be judged on their outer beauty. The nurse warns him not to continue in that vein, as it is considered treason. The doctor removes the bandages and announces that the procedure has failed, her face having undergone no change. Janet is revealed to be a beautiful woman by contemporary standards while the hospital staff all possess monstrous faces with drooping features, large, thick brows, sunken-in eyes, swollen and twisted lips, and wrinkled noses with pig snout-like nostrils. Distraught by the procedure's failure, Janet tries to escape until a similarly attractive man named Walter Smith arrives to take her to a village of \"[her] own kind\" where they will not trouble the State. As he does so, he assures that while the State's society find her ugly, others will find her beautiful. Closing narration Cast Maxine Stuart as Janet Tyler (under bandages) Donna Douglas as Janet Tyler (unmasked) William D. Gordon as Doctor Bernardi Jennifer Howard as Nurse Edson Stroll as Walter Smith George Keymas as The Leader Joanna Heyes as Nurse #2 Production Because of the complex makeup and camera angles, this was one of the most difficult episodes of The Twilight Zone to film. The director, Douglas Heyes, wanted the show to feature actors with sympathetic voices. To achieve this, he cast the episode with his back to the performers. Heyes had planned to have Maxine Stuart, who spoke all the lines of the main character Janet Tyler, when her head is entirely covered by bandages, dub the single line spoken by Tyler when she is revealed (as portrayed by the actress Donna Douglas). However, Douglas had been listening to Stuart's voice as she recorded her part, and was able to imitate her so successfully that she was allowed to speak the line on camera. The original title for this episode was \"Eye of the Beholder\". Stuart Reynolds, a television producer, threatened to sue writer and producer Rod Serling for the use of the name. At the time, Reynolds was selling an educational film of the", "title": "Eye of the Beholder (The Twilight Zone, 1959)" }, { "docid": "20120864", "text": "A cranked eye bolt is an eye bolt typically used as a structural tie down in building construction where the eye of the bolt must be fastened to a point that cannot be directly below where the shaft would otherwise be fastened. This often occurs where a bearer must be tied down to a post or column but the bearer cannot be directly fastened to the post of column. It has a shaft which is cranked, or bent twice: once off center, and a second time to bring the shaft back parallel to the original shaft. Uses The requirement for an offset tie down will occur when vermin proofing must be placed between the column or post, and a wooden bearer, for example to stop termites travelling up through a concrete or wooden post or column directly into the bearer and the rest of the building. The \"ant capping\", typically a 0.5mm to 0.8mm thick galvanised steel sheet, must be placed between the post and the bearer overlapping the perimeter of the post by approximately 20mm to 40mm or more. The cranked eye bolt is fastened to the post using a bolt through the eye, the crank in the shaft allowing the shaft to be positioned so that it does not impede the overlap of the \"ant capping\" up through the bearer. Should termite attack occur, the post of column can be replaced with no structural effect to the building. Cranked eye bolts can also be used to tie the top plate of a house frame directly to house supports, using rod couplers and steel extension rods. Engineering Cranked eye bolts used to be made by bending an \"eye\" into the end of a rod that was threaded at the other end. Today, cranked eye bolts are now typically made by welding a cranked and threaded rod to a heavy gauge steel washer. Cranked eye bolts are made with different degrees of crank and lengths of shaft for flexibility. See also Eye bolt Tie down Notes and references Structural system Threaded fasteners", "title": "Cranked eye bolt" }, { "docid": "5378489", "text": "The following is a list of major and minor characters from the anime series Cowboy Bebop, directed by Shinichiro Watanabe and written by Keiko Nobumoto, its manga series adaptation, written by Kuga Cain and Yutaka Nanten, and its live-action adaptation, developed by André Nemec and written by Christopher Yost. Bebop crew Spike Spiegel Portrayed by: John Cho is a tall, lean, and slightly muscular 27-year-old bounty hunter born on Mars. Spike has a history of violent activity, seen through flashbacks and dialogue with the Red Dragon Syndicate. He is often depicted with a cavalier attitude, but occasionally shows signs of compassion when dealing with strangers. The inspiration for Spike's martial arts is found in Bruce Lee, who uses the style of Jeet Kune Do as depicted in Session 8, \"Waltz for Venus\". He has fluffy, blackish green hair (inspired by Yūsaku Matsuda's role as Shunsaku Kudō in Tantei Monogatari) and reddish brown eyes, one of which is artificial and lighter than the other. He is usually dressed in a blue lounge suit, black skinny tie, with a yellow shirt and Lupin III-inspired boots. A flashback in Session 6 revealed that his apparently fully functioning right eye was surgically replaced by a cybernetic one (although Spike himself may not have conscious recollection of the procedure since he claims to have lost his natural eye in an \"accident\"). A recurring device throughout the entire show is a closeup on Spike's fully natural left eye before dissolving to a flashback of his life as part of the syndicate. As said by Spike himself in the last episode, his right eye \"only sees the present\" and his left eye \"only sees the past\". The purpose of this cybernetic eye is never explicitly stated, though it apparently gives him exceptional hand–eye coordination – particularly with firearms (Spike's gun of choice is a Jericho 941, as seen throughout the series). He is also a talented pilot in his personal fighter, the Swordfish II, a modified racer. In the final episode, Spike kills Vicious and collapses afterward, but his fate after the battle has never been officially confirmed. Spike does go from seeing his beloved and recently departed Julia with his left eye, the eye that sees his past to seeing her with his right eye, the eye that sees his present. In a May 2013 interview, director Shinichiro Watanabe stated \"I want the audience to interpret it however they want to. I want them to interpret it themselves. Just because I put something there does not mean they have to believe it. If I say something in an interview that tends to make it official so I try to avoid a definite answer. In the past, people watching my shows have come up with better ideas than my original intention for the story. So I think it's good to let people use their imaginations.\" Faye Valentine Portrayed by: Daniella Pineda is one of the members of the bounty hunting crew. She is often seen with a", "title": "List of Cowboy Bebop characters" }, { "docid": "22306768", "text": "The London Eye Mystery is a children's mystery novel by English author Siobhan Dowd. First published in 2007, it tells the story of how Ted, a boy with Asperger syndrome, and his sister Kat, solve the mystery of how their cousin, Salim, seemingly vanishes from inside a sealed capsule on the London Eye. In 2017, Robin Stevens published a sequel, The Guggenheim Mystery. Plot summary The story begins with aunt Gloria visiting Ted's family. Ted is a boy with Asperger syndrome; his brain is described as running \"on its own unique operating system\". Aunt Gloria is accompanied by her son Salim, a half-Asian boy who is about a year older than Ted. People with Asperger syndrome often display intense interests; Ted has an interest in the weather. Salim is especially captivated by the old Barracks building, which is on the same street as Ted's house. The next day Salim, Ted, and his older sister Kat decide to take a ride on the London Eye, bemoaning the hour-long queues. A stranger approaches them with a ticket for the Eye, saying he's afraid of small spaces and cannot ride the Eye. They decide to give the ticket to Salim, as he has never been on the Eye before. Salim waves towards his cousins as he boards. Half an hour later, when Salim's capsule lands, Kat and Ted find Salim missing. When Aunt Gloria and Ted's mother find out about this, they become extremely angry with Kat for allowing Salim to take a ticket from a stranger. That evening, Ted and Kat check Salim's camera and decide to have the film developed, in case it holds clues. The family then receives a phone call from the police, saying that a boy matching Salim's description has been found dead. Ted's father decides to go and verify the body, but it is not Salim. The next day, Kat, Ted, and their father visit the chemist to have the photographs developed. They then ride the Eye to see if there was any way that Salim could have hidden in the capsule or avoided getting out, but find no clues. When they arrive home, Ted and Kat examine the newly developed photographs and find only one clue: that the stranger who gave them the ticket is in the background of one of the photographs, in a T-shirt with the letters \"ONTLI ECUR\" on it. They soon decipher that some of the letters are missing, and the writing actually says 'FRONTLINE SECURITY', a security company which is currently working at a local motorbike exhibition. Kat goes to the exhibition, and Ted soon works out where she has gone and follows her. They soon find the stranger who sold them the ticket, but he simply avoids their questions, denying any connection with Salim's disappearance. Piecing together all the information he and Kat have managed to uncover, Ted figures out how Salim might have managed to leave the London Eye without being noticed and immediately calls the police. The police", "title": "The London Eye Mystery" }, { "docid": "65966393", "text": "The Real Exorcist () is a film produced by HS Productions. The film follows the story of a young woman named Sayuri () as she becomes an exorcist following being helped by the owner of a café named Extra after a panic attack. It stayed on the top of the Japanese box office for four weeks straight. Plot The film begins with Sayuri walking into an alley following a panic attack caused by her ability to see evil spirits and ghosts. One of the owners of a nearby café named Extra, Yumeko, then walks out to find Sayuri crouching on the ground in distress and asks if she is okay. The next scene shows a child riding a bicycle. As she rides, she is mysteriously wounded on her right cheek, seemingly for no reason. Her mother then brings her to Extra, where she meets Sayuri, who is working there as a part-time employee out of gratitude to Yumeko, who also provides spiritual help to those who need it. Sayuri then serves the mother a cup of coffee, then questions her about what happened to the child. The mother then tells her about the incident. Sayuri asks the girl to show her the scar. Sayuri then asks the mother to point the location on a map, which she does. She then closes her eyes and uses her supernatural powers to envision the moment when the incident happened and even does so in slow motion to see what wounded the child. Sayuri then opens her eyes and states that the bicycle was red, which the girl did not mention, proving to the mother that she possesses supernatural powers. She then explains what happened, and the mother then thanks her. The scene after that shows a man named Isamu calling his girlfriend Kyoka to inform her that he just earned some money and is to go to the bank to deposit the cash. Shortly afterward, he is mugged in a tunnel and gets his money stolen. He then contemplates suicide as he walks into Extra, which just so happens to be nearby. Isamu then sits down at a table, where Sayuri offers him coffee and asks him what happened. He then tells her the story and states that the police told him that the money may be irrecoverable. Sayuri then opens the map and tells him to point out the location of the incident. Sayuri then uses her supernatural powers. Afterward, she tells Isamu where the thief lives and tells him to go claim the money. Isamu then doubts that he will get the money back, but Sayuri then explains that the thief is extremely guilty for the crime he committed and that he will return the money. Isamu then thanks her, pays for the coffee and leaves. The following scene switches to a high school where two girls chat near the sink in a restroom. Suddenly, they then hear someone in one of the stalls say that they want to die in", "title": "The Real Exorcist" }, { "docid": "6704984", "text": "Tokyo Eyes is a 1998 French-Japanese romantic thriller film directed by Jean-Pierre Limosin and starring Shinji Takeda and Hinano Yoshikawa. It was selected for the 1998 Cannes Film Festival in the Un Certain Regard category. Plot K (Shinji Takeda), a young Japanese debugger and free-lance programmer (also Techno LPs collector in his free time), is a vigilante who non-fatally shoots wrong-doers as he encounters them in his daily life. Before each shooting, he puts on a pair of thick glasses. The local media quickly names the mysterious attacker \"Four-eyes\" (Le Bigleux in the original version, lit. \"the poor-sighted\") based on the police composite. Hinano (Hinano Yoshikawa) is a seventeen-year-old girl who works part-time as a hairdresser. She lives with her older brother Roy, a police officer (Tetta Sugimoto) assigned to the \"Four-Eyes\" case. While in the subway, she notices a young man secretly filming other passengers, and, intrigued, begins to follow him. Later, she asks her friend and co-worker Naomi (Kaori Mizushima) to join her investigation into the strange young man. She finally approaches K, and they quickly become friends. He invites her to his apartment and shares his interests of trance music and video games with her. Hinano is suspicious, but she relents, and finds herself in the middle of a romance with the unconventional young man. In the meantime, Four Eyes is still at large, and Roy's investigation is not closer to finding the shooter. Hinano witnesses one of K's shootings, and is conflicted about what she should do with this knowledge. Hinano confronts K, and K explains that he modified his pistol to be inaccurate, presumably so that the bullets don't actually hit its target. However, later on K accidentally kills one of his victims - a man who was breaking up with a girl for a different girl. In a second confrontation, K reveals that he uses the thick glasses to cause his victims to hold still, and so that he himself cannot see his victims clearly. He admits that he would not be able to shoot his victims if he looked them in the eye. In addition, he takes video because of a desire to see what is going on in the world, not just look. Despite having much video footage of people, he says it is hard to see. But K explains to Hinano that he is willing to give it all up, and refers to Four-Eyes as someone he can separate from, which puts Hinano at ease. K is visited by a low-ranking yakuza member (Beat Takeshi) who comes to pick up K's handgun which was apparently on loan, but it is accidentally fired into K's lower abdomen. K does not go to the hospital, but instead meets Hinano and walks around with her. K asks Hinano to meet him at the top of the tallest building in Tokyo. Hinano waits at the top of an observation deck, but K, succumbing to his wound, sways dangerously by the curb of a busy street.", "title": "Tokyo Eyes" }, { "docid": "12186543", "text": "So Evil, So Young is a 1961 British Technicolor reform school prison film produced by the Danzigers, directed by Godfrey Grayson, and starring Jill Ireland and Ellen Pollock. Synopsis Lucy and Claire are at a house where Lucy used to work. The two of them hack into the safe behind a picture. Inside are several jewels. Claire warns Lucy to leave, but Lucy says that the home-owners are on vacation and the butler is the only one at home; however, he is at the back of house. She says that they have all the time in the world. However, a few seconds later the butler walks in on them. He sees Lucy and recognizes her, but does not see Claire; Claire whacks him on the head with something, knocking him out. Lucy tells Claire to take the jewels and give her half when she gets out of prison, where she will undoubtedly go. She heads to a local club where she sees her ex-boyfriend Tom eyeing his new girlfriend Anne (Jill Ireland). Jealous and angry, she takes a necklace she kept in her jacket pocket, which she stole from the house, and puts it in Anne's jacket pocket, without anyone seeing. The police come to Anne's house and ask her if she knows of any stolen jewellery, for Lucy has told the police that she was her accomplice. Anne denies this, but the police find the necklace in her coat pocket. She is sentenced to three years in Wilsham, a prison with no bars on the windows and they rely on your honour not to just walk out. They also do not like to call it a prison. Everybody comes to hate the warden of the girls, Miss Smith. Anne, as she was a secretary before coming to Wilsham, is told to help the mistress with her secretary business, which Anne accepts willingly. Meanwhile, Lucy starts to pit all the girls against Anne, except for one, Marie, who has served four years in Wilsham and is getting out in one week. The girls decide to have a party for Marie and when the warden is gone, they have pie and celebrate. However the warden hears the noise just before she leaves and goes to investigate. Oblivious with her eyes closed, Marie continues dancing around while the warden is still in the room. The warden tells her that she may have another 12 months in prison for this and then takes her away. In the morning when they go to work the girls find that Marie has hanged herself. When questioned about if anything she could have said indirectly have caused Marie to hang herself, the warden denies this. One of the girls talks to Anne and apologizes for their actions towards her and tells Anne that she knows she's innocent of the crime she was accused of committing. She tells her to talk to Dear Old Margen and leaves it at that. The girls then start a riot led by", "title": "So Evil, So Young" }, { "docid": "15728786", "text": "A human visual system model (HVS model) is used by image processing, video processing and computer vision experts to deal with biological and psychological processes that are not yet fully understood. Such a model is used to simplify the behaviors of what is a very complex system. As our knowledge of the true visual system improves, the model is updated. Psychovisual study is the study of the psychology of vision. The human visual system model can produce desired effects in perception and vision. Examples of using an HVS model include color television, lossy compression, and Cathode-ray tube (CRT) television. Originally, it was thought that color television required too high a bandwidth for the then available technology. Then it was noticed that the color resolution of the HVS was much lower than the brightness resolution; this allowed color to be squeezed into the signal by chroma subsampling. Another example is lossy image compression, like JPEG. Our HVS model says we cannot see high frequency detail, so in JPEG we can quantize these components without a perceptible loss of quality. Similar concepts are applied in audio compression, where sound frequencies inaudible to humans are band-stop filtered. Several HVS features are derived from evolution when we needed to defend ourselves or hunt for food. We often see demonstrations of HVS features when we are looking at optical illusions. Block diagram of HVS Assumptions about the HVS Low-pass filter characteristic (limited number of rods in human eye): see Mach bands Lack of color resolution (fewer cones in human eye than rods) Motion sensitivity More sensitive in peripheral vision Stronger than texture sensitivity, e.g. viewing a camouflaged animal Texture stronger than disparity 3D depth resolution does not need to be so accurate Integral Face recognition (babies smile at faces) Depth inverted face looks normal (facial features overrule depth information) Upside down face with inverted mouth and eyes looks normal Examples of taking advantage of an HVS model Flicker frequency of film and television using persistence of vision to fool viewer into seeing a continuous image Interlaced television painting half images to give the impression of a higher flicker frequency Color television (chrominance at half resolution of luminance corresponding to proportions of rods and cones in eye) Image compression (difficult to see higher frequencies more harshly quantized) Motion estimation (use luminance and ignore color) Watermarking and Steganography See also Psychoacoustics Visual system Visual perception Depth perception References Computer vision", "title": "Human visual system model" }, { "docid": "3846270", "text": "Matthew 7:4 is the fourth verse of the seventh chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament and is part of the Sermon on the Mount. This verse continues the discussion of judgmentalism. Content In the King James Version of the Bible the text reads: Or how wilt thou say to thy brother, Let me pull out the mote out of thine eye; and, behold, a beam is in thine own eye? The World English Bible translates the passage as: Or how will you tell your brother, ‘Let me remove the speck from your eye;’ and behold, the beam is in your own eye? The Novum Testamentum Graece text is: ἢ πῶς ἐρεῖς τῷ ἀδελφῷ σου· Ἄφες ἐκβάλω τὸ κάρφος ἐκ τοῦ ὀφθαλμοῦ σου, καὶ ἰδοὺ ἡ δοκὸς ἐν τῷ ὀφθαλμῷ σοῦ; For a collection of other versions see BibleHub Matthew 7:4 Analysis The 'speck' or 'mote' is translated from the Greek (karphos) that can also mean \"any small dry body\". The previous verse introduced the metaphor of a person with a plank in their own eye who criticizes someone for a speck in their eye. This verse extends the metaphor, showing how ridiculous a person with a plank would appear helping someone with simply a speck. Such aid is impossible, and its offer is ridiculous and condescending. Fowler sees this verse as stating that those with major flaws should keep quiet about the flaws of others until their own are dealt with. He links this to the metaphor of the blind leading the blind, if you follow one who cannot see you will simply follow the blind one into disaster. Commentary from the Church Fathers Pseudo-Chrysostom: Otherwise; How sayest thou to thy brother; that is, with what purpose? From charity, that you may save your neighbour? Surely not, for you would first save yourself. You desire therefore not to heal others, but by good doctrine to cover bad life, and to gain praise of learning from men, not the reward of edifying from God, and you are a hypocrite; as it follows, Thou hypocrite, cast first the beam out of thine own eye. Augustine: For to reprove sin is the duty of the good, which when the bad do, they act a part, dissembling their own character, and assuming one that does not belong to them. References 07:04 Human eyes in culture", "title": "Matthew 7:4" }, { "docid": "95646", "text": "A dioptre (British spelling) or (American spelling), symbol dpt, is a unit of measurement with dimension of reciprocal length, equivalent to one reciprocal metre, . It is normally used to express the optical power of a lens or curved mirror, which is a physical quantity equal to the reciprocal of the focal length, expressed in metres. For example, a 3-dioptre lens brings parallel rays of light to focus at metre. A flat window has an optical power of zero dioptres, as it does not cause light to converge or diverge. Dioptres are also sometimes used for other reciprocals of distance, particularly radii of curvature and the vergence of optical beams. The main benefit of using optical power rather than focal length is that the thin lens formula has the object distance, image distance, and focal length all as reciprocals. Additionally, when relatively thin lenses are placed close together their powers approximately add. Thus, a thin 2.0-dioptre lens placed close to a thin 0.5-dioptre lens yields almost the same focal length as a single 2.5-dioptre lens. Though the dioptre is based on the SI-metric system, it has not been included in the standard, so that there is no international name or symbol for this unit of measurement—within the international system of units, this unit for optical power would need to be specified explicitly as the inverse metre (m−1). However most languages have borrowed the original name and some national standardization bodies like DIN specify a unit name (dioptrie, dioptria, etc.). In vision care the symbol D is frequently used. The idea of numbering lenses based on the reciprocal of their focal length in metres was first suggested by Albrecht Nagel in 1866. The term dioptre was proposed by French ophthalmologist Ferdinand Monoyer in 1872, based on earlier use of the term dioptrice by Johannes Kepler. In vision correction The fact that optical powers are approximately additive enables an eye care professional to prescribe corrective lenses as a simple correction to the eye's optical power, rather than doing a detailed analysis of the entire optical system (the eye and the lens). Optical power can also be used to adjust a basic prescription for reading. Thus an eye care professional, having determined that a myopic (nearsighted) person requires a basic correction of, say, −2 dioptres to restore normal distance vision, might then make a further prescription of 'add 1' for reading, to make up for lack of accommodation (ability to alter focus). This is the same as saying that −1 dioptre lenses are prescribed for reading. In humans, the total optical power of the relaxed eye is approximately 60 dioptres. The cornea accounts for approximately two-thirds of this refractive power (about 40 dioptres) and the crystalline lens contributes the remaining one-third (about 20 dioptres). In focusing, the ciliary muscle contracts to reduce the tension or stress transferred to the lens by the suspensory ligaments. This results in increased convexity of the lens which in turn increases the optical power of the eye. The", "title": "Dioptre" }, { "docid": "38499617", "text": "\"The Magician’s Tea-Party\" is a fairytale written by British suffragist and author Evelyn Sharp in 1900. Summary The story starts with little King Wistful, the eight-year-old king of the Cheerful Isles, or as he renamed them, the Monotonous Isles. The King slips through the gates to go look for something interesting because he finds that his kingdom is the “dullest and ugliest and the most wearisome place in the world.” The King, now outside, surveys his kingdom, commenting on how stupid his kingdom is, and feeling sorry for himself, then he hears a voice. The voice is from a little girl singing. The little girl is singing for the little King Wistful to come and play. Sing-song! Don't be long! Wistful, Wistful, come and play! Sing-song! It's very wrong To stay and stay and stay away! The world is much too nice a place To make you pull so long a face; It's full of people being kind, And full of flowers for you to find; There's heaps of folks for you to tease And all the naughtiness you please; To sulk is surely waste of time When all those trees are yours to climb! Ting-a-ring! Make haste, King! I've something really nice to say; Ting-a-ring! A proper King Would not make me sing all day! When the girl comes into sight the King notices that she has the “brightest brown eyes” that he had ever seen. The little girl introduces herself as Eyebright and when asked where she learned her song, she replies that the magician taught her and that she needed to sing it every day until the King came. The two talk for a time and the King tells Eyebright about how stupid his kingdom is while Eyebright tries to change his mind about it. Eyebright does not manage to change the little King's mind but does get him to follow her to go to see the Magician. The two children travel to the middle island, through woods and into a boat to get to the Magician’s cave. The two enter the cave and Eyebright tells the Magician that she brought the King and that he must disenchant the King so that he can see what a wonderful kingdom he has. After shaking hands with the King the Magician invites them to sit with him for tea. The Magician performs some magic for a table and chairs to appear. The King and Eyebright set the table and the three proceed to have a delightful tea-party. After tea the children tell the Magician just why they came in the first place. The Magician tells them that the reason that the King cannot see his kingdom for the wonderful place that it is, was because the wymps threw dust in his eyes as a baby. The Magician explains why the wymps would do such a thing and tells them where they have to go to try to get the wymps to reverse what they did, Wympland, and how they", "title": "The Magician's Tea-Party" }, { "docid": "41019777", "text": "Faroese Braille is the braille alphabet of the Faroese language. It has the same basic letter assignments as the Scandinavian Braille and is quite similar to the Icelandic Braille. It also includes all the letters of the Danish alphabet, e.g. X which is no longer part of the Faroese alphabet and Q, W, and Z which are used in Danish. It's however not fully consistent with Danish Braille because ý is & there and ei, ey and oy have their separate Braille in Faroese, but each down with the two individual in Danish Braille. All base letters are as in International Braille (meaning the French Braille alphabet, as that was the first one created). The letters are also the same as the other Nordic Braille alphabets, just as they are in the normal printed Nordic alphabets. For example, å/á, ö/ø and ä/æ are the same letters not only in Braille between, say, Faroese and Swedish Braille, but also recognized as the same characters between, for example, ink-printed Norwegian and Swedish (it is merely a stylistic choice in which language uses which). That is to say, all letter assignments in the Swedish and Icelandic Braille alphabets are the same in the Faroese one. For example, ð is the same letter in both Faroese and Icelandic ink-print characters, and their Braille alphabets. The difference in the alphabets comes only in the Faroese diphthongs (ei being 26, ey 356, oy 24 – that is to say, \"ei\" is represented by one dot filled in, in the second row of the first column and the third row of the second column of a Braille character). These diphthongs are also considered single sounds when spelling Faroese in general, as in, it always would be spelled \"ey\" instead of \"e-y\" and the two letters cannot be separated. These assignments conveniently do not exist in the Icelandic Braille alphabet, so they are an easy way to tell if the Braille is Faroese or Icelandic. Likewise, the Icelandic letter þ (which no longer exists in Faroese) is assigned to 1246, which is a character that does not exist already in the Faroese Braille alphabet. Summarized, it is just as easy to read Icelandic Braille if one is a Faroese-speaker, as it is to read Icelandic ink-printed text if one can read Faroese. Punctuation The apostrophe, , is also used as the mark of abbreviations, while is used as a period / full stop. Formatting References French-ordered braille alphabets Faroese language", "title": "Faroese Braille" } ]	[ "the Code of Hammurabi", "the Hebrew bible" ]
train_7088	when was fly me to the moon released	[ { "docid": "563719", "text": "\"Fly Me to the Moon\", originally titled \"In Other Words\", is a song written in 1954 by Bart Howard. The first recording of the song was made in 1954 by Kaye Ballard. Frank Sinatra's 1964 version was closely associated with the Apollo missions to the Moon. In 1999, the Songwriters Hall of Fame honored \"Fly Me to the Moon\" by inducting it as a \"Towering Song\". Background and composition In 1954, when he began to write the song that became \"Fly Me to the Moon\", Bart Howard had been pursuing a career in music for over 20 years, Howard wrote the song for his partner of 58 years, Thomas Fowler. He played piano to accompany cabaret singers, but also wrote songs with Cole Porter, his idol, in mind. In response to a publisher's request for a simpler song, Bart Howard wrote a cabaret ballad which he titled \"In Other Words\". A publisher tried to make him change some words from \"fly me to the Moon\" to \"take me to the Moon,\" but Howard refused. Many years later Howard commented that \"... it took me 20 years to find out how to write a song in 20 minutes.\" He used his position as a piano accompanist and presenter at the Blue Angel cabaret venue to promote the song, and it was soon introduced in cabaret performances by Felicia Sanders. The song was composed in time signature but was changed to by Quincy Jones in his arrangement. Early recordings Kaye Ballard made the song's first commercial recording, released by Decca in April 1954. A brief review published on May 8, 1954, in Billboard said that \"In Other Words\" was \"...a love song sung with feeling by Miss Ballard.\" This recording was released as the flipside of \"Lazy Afternoon\", which Kaye Ballard was currently performing as star of the stage show The Golden Apple. Over the next few years, jazz and cabaret singers released cover versions of \"In Other Words\" on EP or LP record albums, including Chris Connor, Johnny Mathis, Portia Nelson, and Nancy Wilson. Eydie Gormé sang the song on her 1958 album Eydie In Love (under the title \"In Other Words\"), which reached No. 20 in the Cashbox Album Charts. Subsequent recordings and uses In 1960, Peggy Lee released the song on the album Pretty Eyes, then made it more popular when she performed it in front of a large television audience on The Ed Sullivan Show. As the song's popularity increased, it became better known as \"Fly Me to the Moon\", and in 1963 Peggy Lee convinced Bart Howard to make the name change official. Connie Francis released two non-English versions of the song in 1963: in Italian as \"\" and in Spanish as \"\". In 1962, Joe Harnell arranged and recorded an instrumental version in a bossa nova style. It was released as a single in late 1962. Harnell's version spent 13 weeks on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, reaching No. 14 on February 23, 1963, while reaching", "title": "Fly Me to the Moon" } ]	[ { "docid": "30736629", "text": "The following is a list of released songs recorded and performed by De/Vision. This list contains all tracks released on studio albums, singles and EPs. It excludes remixes on singles, the Remixed album (2001) and live albums. The length given usually are the lengths of the album versions. 0–9 \"6 Feet Underground\" - 6:21 (6 Feet Underground, 2004) A \"A New Dawn\" - 5:57 (Devolution, 2003) \"A Prayer\" - 4:58 (Void, 1999) \"A World in Season\" - 4:24 (Antiquity - Unreleased Tracks 1990-92, 1995) \"Addict\" - 4:53 (Subkutan, 2006) \"Aimee\" - 4:42 (6 Feet Underground, 2004) \"All I Ever Do\" - 5:52 (Two, 2001) \"Anywhere\" - 7:18 (Void, 1999) \"At Night\" - 5:00 (Universed in Love, 1996) B \"Back in My Life\" - 4:21 (Monosex, 1998) \"Be a Light to Yourself\" - 4:27 (Popgefahr, 2010) \"Beside You\" - 4:49 (6 Feet Underground, 2004) \"Bleed Me White\" - 4:28 (Fairyland?, 1996) \"Blindness\" - 4:37 (Two, 2001) \"Blue Moon\" - 3:29 (Universed in Love, 1996) \"Blue Moon\" (Limited) - 4:38 (Universed in Love (Limited Edition), 1996) \"Blue Moon\" (Void-Style) - 4:10 (Void, 1999) \"Boy on the Street\" (Disjointed-Mix) - 4:10 (EP Boy on the Street, 1995) \"Boy on the Street\" (Hello-High-Mix) - 7:27 (EP Boy on the Street, 1995) \"Breathless\" (Best Of..., 2006) C \"Can You Feel the Drive\" - 4:20 (Single Try to Forget, 1993) \"Circulate\" - 4:26 (Antiquity - Unreleased Tracks 1990-92, 1995) \"Crystallized\" - 3:46 (Single Sweet Life, 1996) D \"Dawn\" - 1:12 (Fairyland?, 1996) \"Daydreamin'\" - 3:25 (Fairyland?, 1996) \"Death of Me\" - 4:04 (Noob, 2007) \"Deep Blue\" - 4:3 (Noob, 2007) \"Deliver Me\" - 3:25 (Monosex, 1998) \"Desertland\" - 4:41 (Antiquity - Unreleased Tracks 1990-92, 1995) \"Digital Dream\" - 3:50 (Devolution, 2003) \"Dinner without Grace\" - 3:56 (World Without End, 1993) \"Drifter\" - 4:05 (Monosex, 1998) \"Dress Me When I Bleed\" - 4:36 (Universed in Love, 1996) \"Drifting Sideways\" - 4:27 (Devolution, 2003) \"Drive\" - 2:32 (Universed in Love (Limited Edition), 1996) \"Drowning Soul\" - 5:09 (Two, 2001) E \"E-Shock\" - 5:54 (Subkutan, 2006) \"Easy to Love Me\" - 3:32 (free download at depechemode.de, 2010) \"Endlose Träume\" - 4:20 (Single Blue Moon, 1996) \"Escape the World\" - 4:32 (Two, 2001) F \"Falling\" - 3:57 (World Without End, 1993) \"Far to Deep\" - 5:15 (Devolution, 2003) \"Flash of Life\" - 4:25 (Popgefahr, 2010) \"Flavour of the Week\" - 3:51 (Noob, 2007) \"Foreigner\" - 5:15 (Void, 1999) \"Free From Cares\" - 5:20 (Universed in Love, 1996) \"Free World\" - 5:45 (Popgefahr (iTunes Bonustrack), 2010) \"Freedom\" - 5:43 (Void, 1999) G \"Get over the Wall\" - 3:55 (Single Dress Me When I Bleed, 1995) \"Ghosttrain\" - 3:57 (Single We Fly... Tonight, 1998) \"Give In\" - 4:27 (Void, 1999) \"Green-Eyed Monster\" - 3:30 (Single We Fly... Tonight, 1998) \"God Is Blind\" - 4:17 (Monosex, 1998) H \"Harvester\" - 5:02 (Fairyland?, 1996) \"Hear Me Calling\" - 4:08 (Monosex, 1998) \"Heart of Stone\" - 4:35 (Monosex, 1998) \"Heart-Shaped Tumor\" - 5:53 (Two, 2001) \"Heroine\" - 4:19 (Two, 2001) \"Home\" - 4:37 (Single Heart-Shaped", "title": "List of songs recorded by De/Vision" }, { "docid": "9788246", "text": "Fly Away is the first album by Corrinne May, released in 2001 by Corrmay Gourmet Music. It was subsequently released by Yellow Music (M&M) in Singapore, released by the Major Chord label in Japan and by Forward Music in Taiwan and Hong Kong in 2005. The album was subsequently re-released by Playmusic and Warner Music in Singapore. The album features a song that Corrinne May co-wrote with iconic songwriters Carole King and Carole Bayer Sager, titled \"If You Didn't Love Me\". Track listing \"Fly Away\" \"Same Side of the Moon\" \"Something About You\" \"Fall to Fly\" \"If You Didn't Love Me\" \"Stay on the Road\" \"Mr. Beasley\" \"All That I Need\" \"Walk Away\" \"Will You Remember Me\" \"Journey\" \"Mr. Beasley (unplugged)\" References 2001 albums Corrinne May albums", "title": "Fly Away (Corrinne May album)" }, { "docid": "4090392", "text": "Pulse (stylised as P•U•L•S•E) is a concert video by Pink Floyd of their 20 October 1994 concert at Earls Court, London during The Division Bell Tour. It was originally released on VHS and Laserdisc in June 1995, with a DVD release coming in July 2006, with the latter release containing numerous bonus features. In 2019, a newly restored and re-edited version was released on Blu-ray and DVD as part of The Later Years box-set; this version was given a standalone release on 18 February 2022. The Blu-ray version is the first release of Pulse in HD, although it is upconverted from the original SD video recording and remains in its 4:3 aspect ratio. A separate 90-minute edit of the film, intended for TV and streaming, was also released in 2019. Track listing VHS, DVD and Blu-Ray The VHS and 2019 Blu-Ray release contains the same track listing as the 2006 DVD release, but spread across just one disc/tape. Each version contains slightly different edits of the film but all are displayed in its original 4:3 aspect ratio. Disc One \"Shine On You Crazy Diamond\" (Parts I-V, VII) \"Learning to Fly\" \"High Hopes\" \"Take It Back\" \"Coming Back to Life\" \"Sorrow\" \"Keep Talking\" \"Another Brick in the Wall (Part 2)\" \"One of These Days\" Disc Two: The Dark Side of the Moon and Encores \"Speak to Me\" \"Breathe\" \"On the Run\" \"Time\" \"The Great Gig in the Sky\" \"Money\" \"Us and Them\" \"Any Colour You Like\" \"Brain Damage\" \"Eclipse\" \"Wish You Were Here\" \"Comfortably Numb\" \"Run Like Hell\" 2006 DVD Special features Bootlegging the Bootleggers: \"What Do You Want from Me\" \"On the Turning Away\" \"Poles Apart\" \"Marooned\" Screen films: \"Shine On You Crazy Diamond\" \"Learning to Fly\" \"High Hopes\" \"Speak to Me\" (graphic) \"On the Run\" \"Time\" (1994) \"The Great Gig in the Sky\" (wave) \"Money\" (1987) \"Us and Them\" (1987) \"Brain Damage\" \"Eclipse\" Alternate versions: \"Speak to Me\" (1987) \"Time\" (Ian Eames) \"Money\" (Alien) \"The Great Gig in the Sky\" (animation) \"Us and Them\" (1994) Music videos: \"Learning to Fly\" \"Take It Back\" Behind the Scenes Footage: \"Say Goodbye to Life as We Know It\" Other: Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Induction Ceremony, including \"Wish You Were Here\" with Billy Corgan Photo gallery Cover art Pulse TV advertisement (1995) Tour maps Itinerary Stage plans Laserdisc The 1995 Sony Laserdisc release featured the concert spread out over three sides of a two-disc set. Due to space limitations, continuity, and to retain the complete performance of The Dark Side of the Moon without interruption, \"Another Brick in the Wall (Part 2)\" and \"One of These Days\" were moved to the beginning of side three. Side One \"Shine On You Crazy Diamond\" \"Learning to Fly\" \"High Hopes\" \"Take It Back\" \"Coming Back to Life\" \"Sorrow\" \"Keep Talking\" Side Two \"Speak to Me\" \"Breathe\" \"On the Run\" \"Time\" \"The Great Gig in the Sky\" \"Money\" \"Us and Them\" \"Any Colour You Like\" \"Brain Damage\" \"Eclipse\" Side Three \"Another Brick in the Wall", "title": "Pulse (1995 film)" }, { "docid": "40857260", "text": "Duets: 20th Anniversary Deluxe Edition is a 2013 box set album by American singer Frank Sinatra. To commemorate the 20th anniversary of Frank Sinatra's groundbreaking and highly successful album, Duets, Capitol/UMe released a newly remastered Sinatra Duets - Twentieth Anniversary 2CD Deluxe Edition bringing together the original Duets, and the follow-up Duets II, together in one deluxe package. Included on the 2CD deluxe edition are two never-before-released recordings: 'One for My Baby (And One More for the Road)' featuring Tom Scott and 'Embraceable You' with Tanya Tucker plus the rare bonus tracks 'Fly Me to the Moon' with George Strait and two versions of 'My Way' one recorded with Luciano Pavarotti and the other with Willie Nelson. This 20th anniversary album features brand new cover art as well as a 32-page booklet with rare photos and both original and new liner notes. Track listing Disc one \"The Lady Is a Tramp\" (Richard Rodgers, Lorenz Hart) (with Luther Vandross) - 3:24 \"What Now My Love\" (Gilbert Becaud, Carl Sigman, Pierre Leroyer) (with Aretha Franklin) - 3:15 \"I've Got a Crush on You\" (George Gershwin, Ira Gershwin) (with Barbra Streisand) - 3:23 \"Summer Wind\" (Heinz Meier, Hans Bradtke, Johnny Mercer) (with Julio Iglesias) - 2:32 \"Come Rain or Come Shine\" (Harold Arlen, Mercer) (with Gloria Estefan) - 4:04 \"New York, New York\" (Fred Ebb, John Kander) (with Tony Bennett) - 3:30 \"They Can't Take That Away from Me\" (G. Gershwin, I. Gershwin) (with Natalie Cole) - 3:11 \"You Make Me Feel So Young\" (Mack Gordon, Josef Myrow) (with Charles Aznavour) - 3:05 \"Guess I'll Hang My Tears Out to Dry\"/\"In the Wee Small Hours of the Morning\" (Sammy Cahn, Jule Styne)/(Bob Hilliard, David Mann) (with Carly Simon) - 3:57 \"I've Got the World on a String\" (Arlen, Ted Koehler) (with Liza Minnelli) - 2:18 \"Witchcraft\" (Cy Coleman, Carolyn Leigh) (with Anita Baker) - 3:22 \"I've Got You Under My Skin\" (Cole Porter) (with Bono) - 3:32 \"All the Way\"/\"One for My Baby (and One More for the Road)\" (Cahn, Jimmy Van Heusen)/(Arlen, Mercer) (with Kenny G) - 6:03 \"My Way\" [Previously unreleased] (Paul Anka, Claude Francois, Jacques Revaux, Gilles Thibault) (with Luciano Pavarotti) - 3:33 \"One For My Baby (And One More For The Road)\" [Previously unreleased] (with Tom Scott) Disc two \"For Once in My Life\" (Ron Miller, Orlando Murden) (with Gladys Knight and Stevie Wonder) - 3:18 \"Come Fly with Me\" (Cahn, Van Heusen) (with Luis Miguel) - 4:17 \"Bewitched, Bothered and Bewildered\" (Rodgers, Hart) (with Patti LaBelle) - 3:31 \"The Best is Yet to Come\" (Coleman, Leigh) (with Jon Secada) - 3:12 \"Moonlight in Vermont\" (John Blackburn, Karl Suessdorf) (with Linda Ronstadt) - 4:07 \"Fly Me to the Moon\" (Bart Howard) (with Antonio Carlos Jobim) - 3:06 \"Luck Be a Lady\" (Frank Loesser) (with Chrissie Hynde) - 5:17 \"A Foggy Day\" (G. Gershwin, I. Gershwin) (with Willie Nelson) - 2:24 \"Where or When\" (Rodgers, Hart) (with Steve Lawrence and Eydie Gorme) - 3:53 \"Embraceable You\" (G. Gershwin, I. Gershwin)", "title": "Duets: 20th Anniversary Deluxe Edition" }, { "docid": "5802653", "text": "Secret Love is the seventh studio album by Lorrie Morgan, released in 1998. She dedicated this album to her late father, George Morgan. The album includes cover versions of pop standards. It peaked at number 36 on the Billboard Country Album chart. Critical reception Charlotte Dillon of AllMusic praised Morgan's vocal delivery and the instrumentation. Giving it a B−, Alanna Nash of Entertainment Weekly wrote that \"Although Lorrie displays some aptitude for the genre, her reading of the lyrics…is overly melodramatic and she fails to give the material the shading and nuance that could make this brave outing more than a vanity recording. \" Track listing \"Once Upon a Time\" (Lee Adams, Charles Strouse) – 4:46 \"Here's That Rainy Day\" (Johnny Burke, Jimmy Van Heusen) – 4:13 \"Good Morning Heartache\" (Ervin Drake, Dan Fisher, Irene Higginbotham) – 4:43 \"I've Got the World on a String\" (Harold Arlen, Ted Koehler) – 2:39 \"Secret Love\" (Sammy Fain, Paul Francis Webster) – 4:49 \"My Foolish Heart\" (Victor Young, Ned Washington) – 4:07 \"Summer of '42 (The Summer Knows)\" (Alan Bergman, Marilyn Bergman, Michel Legrand) – 3:58 \"They Can't Take That Away from Me\" (George Gershwin, Ira Gershwin) – 3:04 \"I Wish You Love\" (Albert Beach, Charles Trenet) – 4:40 \"Fly Me to the Moon\" (Bart Howard) – 3:34 \"An Affair to Remember (Our Love Affair)\" (Harold Adamson, Leo McCarey, Harry Warren) – 4:39 Personnel Compiled from liner notes. Musicians Beegie Adair - piano Tom Bruner - guitar on \"Fly Me to the Moon\" Jim Ferguson - bass guitar Barry Green - trombone on \"Here's That Rainy Day\", \"They Can't Take That Away from Me\", and \"Secret Love\" David Hungate - guitar Nashville String Machine - strings Dennis Solee - tenor saxophone on \"Good Morning Heartache\" and \"Fly Me to the Moon\" Jim White - drums Technical Tom Bruner - conduction, arrangement Ricky Cobble - recording John Guess - recording, mixing Richard Landis - production Bob Ludwig - mastering Chart performance References 1998 albums BNA Records albums Lorrie Morgan albums Albums produced by Richard Landis Covers albums Traditional pop albums", "title": "Secret Love (Lorrie Morgan album)" }, { "docid": "5271184", "text": "Coco d'Or is a jazz band, fronted by Hiroko Shimabukuro. Hiroko, also known as hiro or Abigail, is a member of the popular Okinawan group Speed. Coco d'Or's debut self-titled album was released on 4 August 2004. A companion album entitled Coco d'Or Parfait, which contained the same songs along with three new songs, was released four months later. There is also a CD/DVD version that includes promotional videos and making of spots. Their second album was released on July 26, 2006. The title is Coco d'Or 2. An only CD version as well as a CD/DVD version with two music videos was available. A third album has been announced for release in March 2011. Coco d'Or songs are modern remakes of popular classic jazz songs, such as \"Misty\" by Ella Fitzgerald and \"Fly Me To The Moon\" by Frank Sinatra. Discography Coco d'Or track list \"Route 66\" \"Avalon\" \"And The Melody Still Lingers On (Night In Tunisia)\" \"Free\" \"Fly Me To The Moon\" \"Summertime\" \"The Face I Love\" \"The Girl From Ipanema\" \"It's Only A Paper Moon\" \"Orange Colored Sky\" \"The Very Thought Of You\" \"I Can Recall (Spain)\" \"You'd Be So Nice To Come Home To\" \"I Can't Give You Anything But Love\" \"You're Everything\" \"Calling You\" Coco d'Or Parfait Coco d'Or Parfait is a re-release of Coco d'Or, and was released on January 1, 2005. It includes all the songs from Coco d'Or, plus three new tracks, \"Misty\", \"Lullaby Of Birdland\", and \"Doralice\", as well as a DVD containing the video clips of \"Fly Me To The Moon\" and \"Orange Colored Sky\". Coco d'Or 2 track listing Coco d'Or 2 is the second album from Coco d'Or, and was released on July 26, 2006. What A Wonderful World La-La Means I Love You Ay! Cosita Linda(Merecumbe) By The Way Time After Time Just The Two Of Us (They Long To Be)Close To You Easy I Will Survive Killing Me Softly With His Song Roda Is It You? Carnaval One Love / People Get Ready Coco d'Or 3 After a 5-year break, hiro will release her third Coco d'Or album in March 2011. It is arranged by Dave Matthews and come in a CD-only version as well as a version containing a DVD with the music video for \"Alfie\" as well as backstage footage. Unforgettable don't know why Candy Satin doll Alfie Carnival How crazy are you? Tea for two feat.blanc. Come on a my house All of me Over the rainbow The Christmas song (Bonus track) External links Official Website Japanese pop music groups Musical groups from Okinawa Prefecture", "title": "Coco d'Or" }, { "docid": "6383028", "text": "Pretty Eyes is a 1960 studio album by Peggy Lee that was arranged by Billy May. Reception The AllMusic review by Dave Nathan awarded the album three stars and commented that \"There's no brass in the orchestra, just flutes, woodwinds, and strings. The result is that the arrangements are tame compared to charts May turned out when he had trumpets and trombones to work with. On some tracks, one gets the impression that Lee got bored with some of the complacent arrangements and shows her indifference by having a bit of fun using overly broad vowel pronunciations on such tunes as \"Pretty Eyes.\" But on the better stuff, such as the swinging \"It Could Happen to You,\" \"Too Close for Comfort,\" and \"Fly Me to the Moon\" done as a slow ballad, she holds nothing back. Although her bountiful vocal gifts are occasionally held somewhat in check, there's still enough here to satisfy Lee and vocal fans alike\". Track listing \"As You Desire Me\" (Allie Wrubel) - 2:53 \"It Could Happen to You\" (Johnny Burke, Jimmy Van Heusen) - 2:27 \"Pretty Eyes\" (J. Milton Reddie, Ona P. Welsh) - 2:37 \"Moments Like This\" (Burton Lane, Frank Loesser) - 1:57 \"Remind Me\" (Dorothy Fields, Jerome Kern) - 4:24 \"You Fascinate Me So\" (Cy Coleman) - 2:12 \"I Wanna Be Loved\" (Johnny Green, Edward Heyman, Billy Rose) - 3:05 \"I'm Walking Through Heaven with You\" (Jimmie Lunceford, Joe Turner) - 2:41 \"I Remember You\" (Johnny Mercer, Victor Schertzinger) - 2:32 \"Too Close for Comfort\" (Jerry Bock, Larry Holofcener, George David Weiss) - 2:34 \"In Other Words\" (Bart Howard) (after the album was released this song became better known as \"Fly Me to the Moon\") - 2:23 \"Because I Love Him So\" (Peggy Lee, Milt Raskin) - 2:59 Personnel Peggy Lee - vocals Billy May - arranger, conductor References 1960 albums Peggy Lee albums Albums arranged by Billy May Albums produced by Dave Cavanaugh Albums conducted by Billy May Albums recorded at Capitol Studios Capitol Records albums", "title": "Pretty Eyes" }, { "docid": "5332317", "text": "\"Fly Me to the Moon\" is a song written by Bart Howard and made famous by Frank Sinatra. Fly Me to the Moon may also refer to: Music Fly Me to the Moon (Bobby Womack album), 1969 Fly Me to the Moon (Michael Feinstein album), 2010 Fly Me to the Moon... The Great American Songbook Volume V, a 2010 album by Rod Stewart Film Fly Me to the Moon (2008 film), an animated film Fly Me to the Moon (2023 film), a Hong Kong film starring Wu Kang-ren and Angela Yuen Fly Me to the Moon (2024 film), an American film Television \"Fly Me to the Moon\", an episode of the anime series Planetes \"Fly Me to the Moon\", an episode of the 1960s TV series I Dream of Jeannie \"Fly Me to the Moon\", an episode of the 2003 TV series Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Other uses Fly Me to the Moon (manga), a manga series by Kenjiro Hata The fanzine of Middlesbrough F.C. FlyMe2TheMoon, the first mobile game developed by the Chinese video game developer miHoYo", "title": "Fly Me to the Moon (disambiguation)" }, { "docid": "25355761", "text": "Fly Yellow Moon is the debut solo album from British artist Fyfe Dangerfield, known as the frontman of the band, Guillemots. It was released on 18 January 2010 in the United Kingdom on Polydor Records. \"She Needs Me\" was released as the lead single in the UK, while \"When You Walk in the Room\" was released in the U.S. (in the UK it was given away for free on Dangerfield's web site). \"Faster Than the Setting Sun\" was released as the second UK single. A deluxe edition of the album was released on 17 May 2010 featuring the single version of \"Faster Than the Setting Sun\", \"She's Always a Woman\" and two further bonus tracks. Track listing Personnel The following people are credited on the album: Production Adam Noble – producer, mixing Bernard Butler – mixing, additional production (tracks 5, 8, 13) Dick Beetham – mastering Additional musicians Matt Ingram – drums (tracks 1, 3, 10) Jamie Morrison – drums (all other tracks) Laurence Love Greed – whistling (track 4) Bernard Butler – electric guitar (track 8) Artwork David Robinson – photography Denis Gabillat – art direction References External links Official Fyfe Dangerfield Website 2010 debut albums Fyfe Dangerfield albums Albums produced by Bernard Butler Polydor Records albums", "title": "Fly Yellow Moon" }, { "docid": "10488991", "text": "is a Japanese manga artist, best known as the creator of the Hayate the Combat Butler series. He likes to collect anime related items, like figurines, and was once an assistant of Kōji Kumeta. He is married to voice actress Masumi Asano. Career Hata created Hayate the Combat Butler, about a teenage boy who becomes a butler to a teenage girl. It was serialized in Shogakukan's Weekly Shōnen Sunday magazine from October 2004 to April 2017. Shogakukan released 52 volumes in Japan from February 2005 to June 2017. It has spawned several anime series and films. In 2018, Hata released Fly Me to the Moon in Weekly Shonen Sunday, as he planned from late November 2016. The manga concerns a teen named Nasa, who meets a beautiful girl the day before his high school exam, but is hit by a car and saved by the girl. He confesses to the girl, but she responds that she will agree provided that he'll marry her. Years later, after forgoing high school to work, he encounters the girl again and they marry. The series continues to show their daily life as a married couple. Works God's Rocket Punch! (2002) Heroes of the Sea Lifesavers (2003) Thunder Goddess Sofia (2003) Hayate the Combat Butler (2004–2017) Lucky Star: Comic à la Carte (2007) Seiyu's Life! (2011; a dōjin manga with his wife Masumi Asano, released under the circle name Hajimemashite) Ad Astra per Aspera (2015–present, on hiatus) Fly Me to the Moon (2018–present) References External links Kenjiro Hata at Websunday.net's Back Stage 1975 births Kōji Kumeta Living people Manga artists from Fukuoka Prefecture Artists from Fukuoka Osaka University of Arts alumni", "title": "Kenjiro Hata" }, { "docid": "11158178", "text": "Fly Me to the Moon is a 2008 animated science fiction comedy film about three flies who stowaway aboard Apollo 11 and travel to the Moon. It was directed by Ben Stassen and written by Domonic Paris. The film was released in digital 3-D in Belgium on 30 January 2008, and in the US and Canada on 15 August. The film was also released in IMAX 3-D in the US and Canada on 8 August. The film serves as a fictionalized retelling of the 1969 Apollo 11 mission by incorporating a story of three young flies that stow away on the rocket to fulfil their dream of going up to the moon, while their families take on a group of Soviet flies who try to sabotage the mission. Fly Me to the Moon was produced by nWave Pictures in association with Illuminata Pictures, and distributed by Summit Entertainment and Vivendi Visual Entertainment in the United States. The film received generally negative reviews from critics and was a box office disappointment, only grossing $41.7 million against a $25 million budget. Plot The narrator explains that in 1957, the Soviet Union launched Earth's first satellite Sputnik 1 into orbit. In 1961, when NASA was putting a chimpanzee aboard Mercury Atlas 5, astronaut Yuri Gagarin became the first person to go to space. Feeling the sense of urgency to overtake the Soviets in the space race, U.S. President John F. Kennedy made a statement toward a joint session of Congress on May 25, 1961, stating that before the decade is out, he plans to launch a man to the Moon and return him safely to the Earth. Eight years later, in 1969, an 11-year-old fly named Nat and his two best friends, I.Q. and Scooter, build a \"fly-sized\" rocket in a field across from Cape Canaveral, Florida, where Apollo 11 sits on the Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39. From his earliest memory, Nat's grandfather, Amos, often tells him of his many adventures such as his daring rescue of Amelia Earhart when she crossed the Atlantic Ocean on her historic 1932 solo flight. Wanting to be an adventurer like his grandpa, Nat tells his friends his plan to get aboard Apollo 11 and go to the Moon. They, with some reluctance, are in. The next morning, the three flies make it in to Launch Control and stow away inside the space helmets of astronauts Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, and Michael Collins. Moments later, Flight Director Gene Kranz in Houston's Mission Control Center gives the go for launch. As the Saturn V rocket climbs through the atmosphere and reaches its Earth parking orbit, Nat, Scooter and IQ's mothers faint upon hearing from Grandpa that their sons will be in space for a week. Grandpa, Nat's mother, and the others watch TV to get news of their offspring's adventure. As the astronauts appear on camera, the heroic flies wave in the background, visible to other flies but barely seen by humans – except for the", "title": "Fly Me to the Moon (2008 film)" }, { "docid": "25365175", "text": "Amy Steinberg is an American minister, singer, songwriter, musician, playwright and actress. She is an independent artist and has produced nine albums with producer Justin Beckler. Best known for her live performances, she blends together a mixture of music, comedy, and poetry. A student of the Science of Mind movement, her work has included musically directing at spiritual centers, writing songs for the Inspire Choir in Boca Raton, Florida and the One Love Choir in Charlotte, North Carolina which has brought marked spirituality into her work. She has performed at Agape International in Los Angeles, Center for Spiritual Living in Seattle, The Revelation Conference, the Michigan Womyn's Festival, and opening for artists including Alix Olson and Melissa Ferrick. Early life Amy was born in Boston, Massachusetts. At age 8, her family moved to Sarasota, Florida, where she attended Booker High School for the Performing Arts. Classically trained on the piano from age 4, she studied at Boston Conservatory and American Musical and Dramatic Academy in New York City and has a degree in theater from Marymount Manhattan College. Music and Theater Steinberg began singing original music in college and released her first record with the Amy Steinberg Band in 1999. She has since released nine albums independently, and written and performed four one-woman shows: Me, Me, Me, Me; Oh My God Don't Stop; Ever Expanding; and The Divine Miss Aim. After selling out and winning Patron's Pick at the 2005 Orlando International Fringe Theater Festival, Oh My God Don't Stop went on for successful runs in Tampa and West Palm Beach, Florida. It ran for three months at the Cuillo Centre for the Arts in 2008 to rave reviews. She won the Touring Act of the Year award from Songwriter Showcases of America in 2006, and Best Solo Performer from the Orlando Music Awards in 2000. She regularly tours the United States, performing in music festivals, Spiritual Centers, coffeehouses, and unschooling conferences. She currently tours in support of her newest record, Broken Open produced by Justin Beckler. Her influences and inspirations are Bette Midler, Ani Difranco, Christy Snow, and George Carlin. Her shows are a mix of comedy, music, theater, and spirituality. Breaking the Moon Steinberg wrote and produced a long one act, Breaking the Moon, about 7 teenagers in treatment for suicide and suicidal behaviors. It received praise from the press and is moving forward to productions in Asheville, North Carolina, Johnson City, Tennessee and New York, NY. Currently, the original cast album is being recorded at Sound Temple Studios. Art and Other Expressions In 2001 Steinberg began turning her 'doodles' into multi-media pieces of fine art. Her work is mostly bright acrylic pieces with words inside the images (pictures below). Personal life She is the Minister of Ritual at Jubilee Community in Asheville, NC. She has two chihuahuas, Ru and Tiki and two cats, Ico and Popcorn. Discography Shine, Be Glorious Broken Open Fall Down to Fly Must Be the Moon Raw Material from the Ethereal Emphatic at", "title": "Amy Steinberg" }, { "docid": "3582616", "text": "\"Wait & See (Risk)\" (stylized as Wait & See ~リスク~) is a song recorded by Japanese–American singer Hikaru Utada for her third studio and second Japanese language album, Distance (2001). It was released on April 19, 2000 as the second single from the album in Japan. It was written and composed by Utada, whilst production and arrangement was handled by Utada and American duo Jimmy Jam & Terry Lewis. The single also included the two B-side tracks, \"Hayatochiri\" and \"Fly Me to the Moon (In Other Words)\", with the former song appearing on the parent album. Musically, \"Wait & See (Risk)\" is an R&B song, influenced by dance-pop and rock. Upon its release, the track garnered positive reviews from music critics. Many critics highlighted the track as one of Utada's best singles, and commended the production and composition. It was also successful in Japan, peaking at number one on both the Oricon Singles Chart and Tokyo Broadcasting System's (TBS) Count Down TV singles chart. It was certified Million by the Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ) for physical shipments of one million units, and is amongst the best selling singles in Japan. An accompanying music video was shot by Wataru Takeishi; it features Utada driving through Shibuya, Tokyo on a futuristic hover cycle, with intercut scenes of her dancing. It was performed on some of her concert tours, including the Bohemian Summer (2000) and Utada United tours (2006). Background and composition \"Wait & See (Risk)\" was written and composed by Utada, whilst production and arrangement was handled by Utada and American duo Jimmy Jam & Terry Lewis. It was the second time Utada worked with Jam and Lewis, and not with her father Teruzane Utada and Miyake Akira. The song included live instrumentation by Xavier Smith (drum machine) and Dave Barry (bass and acoustic guitar), whilst Jam and Lewis incorporated synthesizers and keyboards. The song was recorded and mixed by Steve Hodge, Indoh Mitsuhiro, and Ugajin Masaaki in 2000 at Flyte Tyme Studios, Minneapolis, Minnesota, and mixed at Flyte Tyme, Edina, Minnesota. It premiered on April 19, 2000 as the second single from Utada's third studio and second Japanese language album, Distance (2001) in Japan. Since then, the song has been remastered and re-released twice; the first on April 1, 2004, and the second time on December 9, 2014 for Utada's first greatest hits album Utada Hikaru Single Collection Vol. 1 (2003). The single also included the two B-side tracks; \"Hayatochiri\" and \"Fly Me to the Moon (In Other Words)\". The original version of \"Hayatochiri\" appears on the single, whilst a remixed version by Utada appeared on Distance. \"Fly Me to the Moon (In Other Words)\" is a cover version that was originally written and performed by Bart Howard and Kaye Ballard in 1954; a second cover version sung by Utada appeared eight years later on her single \"Kiss & Cry\"/\"Beautiful World\". The maxi CD of the single contains all three new recordings, plus a remix by Baton Girl and", "title": "Wait & See (Risk)" }, { "docid": "7219419", "text": "MTV Unplugged is a live album by Tony Bennett that was released in 1994. Backed by the Ralph Sharon Trio, Bennett appeared on the TV show MTV Unplugged to showcase the Great American Songbook with guest appearances by Elvis Costello and k.d. lang. The album reached platinum record status in the United States and won Grammy Awards in 1995 for Best Traditional Pop Vocal Performance and Album of the Year. Track listing \"Old Devil Moon\" (E.Y. Harburg, Burton Lane) – 2:28 \"Speak Low\" (Ogden Nash, Kurt Weill) – 3:10 \"It Had to Be You\" (Isham Jones, Gus Kahn) – 3:13 \"I Love a Piano\" (Irving Berlin) – 1:56 \"It Amazes Me\" (Cy Coleman, Carolyn Leigh) – 3:08 \"The Girl I Love\" (George Gershwin, Ira Gershwin) – 3:59 \"Fly Me to the Moon (In Other Words)\" (Bart Howard) – 2:57 \"You're All the World to Me\" (Lane, Alan Jay Lerner) – 2:15 \"Rags to Riches\" (Richard Adler, Jerry Ross) – 1:23 \"When Joanna Loved Me\" (Jack Segal, Robert Wells) – 3:15 \"The Good Life\"/\"I Wanna Be Around\" (Sacha Distel, Jack Reardon)/(Johnny Mercer, Sadie Vimmerstedt) – 3:21 \"I Left My Heart in San Francisco\" (George Cory, Douglass Cross) – 2:33 \"Steppin' Out with My Baby\" (Irving Berlin) – 3:12 \"Moonglow\" (Eddie DeLange, Will Hudson, Irving Mills) – 4:33 (with k.d. lang) \"They Can't Take That Away from Me\" (G. Gershwin, I. Gershwin) – 3:26 (with Elvis Costello) \"A Foggy Day\" (G. Gershwin, I. Gershwin) – 2:15 \"All of You\" (Cole Porter) – 2:35 \"Body and Soul\" (Frank Eyton, Johnny Green, Edward Heyman, Robert Sour) – 3:53 \"It Don't Mean a Thing (If It Ain't Got That Swing)\" (Duke Ellington, Mills) – 3:37 \"Autumn Leaves\"/\"Indian Summer\" (Joseph Kosma, Johnny Mercer, Jacques Prévert)/(Al Dubin, Victor Herbert) – 5:49 Personnel Tony Bennett – vocals Ralph Sharon – piano Doug Richeson – double bass Clayton Cameron – drums Charts References Tony Bennett live albums Grammy Award for Album of the Year Grammy Award for Best Traditional Pop Vocal Album Mtv Unplugged (Bennett, Tony album) Albums produced by David Kahne 1994 live albums Columbia Records live albums", "title": "MTV Unplugged (Tony Bennett album)" }, { "docid": "500123", "text": "Bart Howard (born Howard Joseph Gustafson, June 1, 1915 – February 21, 2004) was an American composer and songwriter, most notably of the jazz standard \"Fly Me to the Moon\", which has been performed by Kaye Ballard, Judy Garland, Frank Sinatra, Tony Bennett, Ella Fitzgerald, Nancy Wilson, Della Reese, Bobby Womack, Diana Krall, Paul Anka, June Christy, Brenda Lee, Astrud Gilberto, Nat King Cole, Peggy Lee, and Sia, among others. It is played frequently by jazz and popular musicians around the world. Howard wrote the song for his partner of 58 years, Thomas Fowler. Biography Howard was born in Burlington, Iowa. He began his career as an accompanist at the age of 16 and played for Mabel Mercer, Johnny Mathis and Eartha Kitt, among others. \"Fly Me to the Moon\" was first sung in 1954 by Felicia Sanders at the Blue Angel nightclub in Manhattan, where the composer became M.C. and accompanist in 1951. The song received wide exposure when Peggy Lee sang it on The Ed Sullivan Show several years later. Bart Howard \"lived off\" this song for the rest of his life, although he had 49 other songs to his credit. These include \"Let Me Love You\", \"On the First Warm Day\", \"One Love Affair\", \"Be My All\", \"The Man in the Looking Glass\", \"My Love Is a Wanderer\", \"Who Wants to Fall in Love\" and \"Don't Dream of Anybody But Me\". Howard died February 21, 2004, at age 88, in Carmel, New York. He was survived by his partner of 58 years, Thomas Fowler and a sister Dorothy Lind of Burlington, Iowa. Notes The original title was \"In Other Words\", but so many people referred to it by the first lyric line, (\"fly me to the moon\") the publisher changed the title to \"Fly Me to the Moon\". References Todd S. Jenkins (2004), Free Jazz and Free Improvisation: An Encyclopedia, Greenwood Press External links 1915 births 2004 deaths 20th-century American composers 20th-century American male musicians 20th-century American pianists 20th-century jazz composers 20th-century American LGBT people 21st-century American composers 21st-century American male musicians 21st-century American pianists 21st-century jazz composers 21st-century American LGBT people Accompanists American LGBT composers American male jazz composers American male pianists Jazz musicians from New York (state) LGBT jazz composers People from Burlington, Iowa People from Carmel, New York", "title": "Bart Howard" }, { "docid": "6028911", "text": "Mistress Music is an album by the Jamaican musician Burning Spear, released in 1988 by Slash Records. It was produced by Burning Spear and Nelson Miller. Burning Spear supported the album with a North American tour. Critical reception The Gazette wrote that \"Mistress Music seems to be a logical step in a process by which Spear is trying to make his music more accessible without making more than minor concessions to commercialism.\" Track listing \"Tell The Children\" \"Leader\" \"Woman, I Love You\" \"One Way\" \"Negril\" \"Mistress Music\" \"Love Garvey\" \"Tell Me, Tell Me\" \"Say You Are In Love\" \"Fly Me To The Moon\" Credits All Songs Written By Winston Rodney Published By Burning Spear Publishing PRS Executive Producer - A Burning Music Production 18 Hill Street, St. Ann's Bay Recorded At - Tuff Gong Recording Studios, Kingston, Jamaica Recording Engineer - Gary Sutherland Mixed At - Sound Ideas Studio, New York Mixing Engineers - Michael Sauvage and Mervyn Williams Assistant - Joe Pirrera Mastered By - Brian Gardner and Matt Wallace at Grundman Mastering, Los Angeles Photography - Lendon Flanagan Illustration - Oscar Moreno Musicians Burning Spear - vocals, harmony Devon Bradshaw - bass Nelson Miller - drums Anthony Bradshaw - guitar, harmony Lenford Richards - lead guitar Alvin Haughton - percussion Jennifer Hill - saxophone (\"Love Garvey\" and \"Say You Are In Love\") Pamela Fleming - trumpet (\"Love Garvey,\" \"Say You Are In Love,\" and solo on \"Fly Me To The Moon\") Nilda Richards - trombone (\"Love Garvey\" and \"Say You Are In Love\") Additional Musicians Robbie Lyn - synthesizers, piano Dean Fraser - saxophone Ronald \"Nambo\" Robinson - trombone Junior \"Chico\" Chin - trumpet Michael Sauvage - piano (\"Mistress Music\") References Burning Spear albums 1988 albums Slash Records albums", "title": "Mistress Music" }, { "docid": "21642021", "text": "The Best Love... Ever! is 11. compilation in series \"The Best... Ever!\" released by EMI. This compilation was released in early 2008. Track listing CD 1 Robbie Williams- \"Angels\" Angela McCluskey- \"It’s Been Done\" Duran Duran- \"Come Undone\" Beverley Knight- \"Shape Of You\" Louis Armstrong- \"We Have All The Time In The World\" All Saints- \"Never Ever\" Blue- \"Sorry Seems To Be The Hardest Word\" Jamelia- \"Thank You\" Coldplay- \"Trouble\" Martine McCutcheon- \"Perfect Moment\" Brainstorm- \"Maybe\" Melanie C feat. Lisa Lopes- \"Never Be The Same Again\" Reamonn- \"Supergirl\" Depeche Mode- \"Freelove\" Telepopmusik- \"Breathe\" Air- \"All I Need\" Toni Braxton- \"Un-Break My Heart\" Joe Cocker- \"You Are So Beautiful\" CD 2 Tina Turner- \"Missing You\" Robert Palmer- \"Mercy Mercy Me/I Want You (Medley)\" Climie Fisher- \"Love Changes (Everything)\" Hot Chocolate- \"It Started With A Kiss\" Ultravox- \"Dancing With Tears In My Eyes\" Eternal feat. Bebe Winans- \"I Wanna Be The Only One\" Mike & The Mechanics- \"Over My Shoulder\" Marc Almond & Gene Pitney- \"Something’s Gotten Hold Of My Heart\" Bryan Ferry- \"Slave To Love\" Billy Idol- \"Eyes Without a Face\" Roxy Music- \"Jealous Guy\" Andru Donalds- \"All Out Of Love\" Spandau Ballet- \"True\" Jon Secada- \"Just Another Day\" Charles & Eddie- \"Would I Lie To You\" Culture Club- Do You Really Want To Hurt Me\" Minnie Riperton- \"Lovin’ You\" CD 3 Chet Baker- \"My Funny Valentine\" Nat King Cole- \"When I Fall In Love\" Matt Monro- \"Let There Be Love\" Julie London- \"Fly Me To The Moon\" Don McLean- \"And I Love You So\" Shirley Bassey- \"(Where Do I Begin) Love Story\" George Michael- \"I Can’t Make You Love Me\" Stacey Kent- \"What a Wonderful World\" Peabo Bryson & Roberta Flack- \"Tonight I Celebrate My Love\" Cassandra Wilson- \"Fragile\" The Beach Boys- \"Then I Kissed Her\" Ive Mendes- \"If You Leave Me Now\" Natalie Cole- \"This Will Be (An Everlasting Love)\" Nick Cave & Kylie Minogue- \"Where The Wild Roses Grow\" Corrine Bailey Rae- \"Trouble Sleeping\" Eternal- \"Angel Of Mine\" Ray Charles feat. Diana Krall- \"You Don't Know Me\" Norah Jones- \"Come Away With Me\" Danny Williams- \"Moon River\" Angie Stone- \"Wish I Didn't Miss You\" CD 4 Neneh Cherry- \"Woman\" Peter Gabriel- \"Don’t Give Up\" Roxette- \"It Must Have Been Love\" Meat Loaf- \"I’d Anything For Love (But I Won’t Do That)\" T'Pau- \"China In Your Hand\" Richard Marx- \"Right Here Waiting\" The Pretenders- \"I’ll Stand By You\" Cutting Crew- \"(I Just) Died In Your Arms\" Paula Abdul- \"Rush, Rush\" Huey Lewis & The News- \"The Power Of Love\" Lenny Kravitz- \"Again\" Iggy Pop- \"Candy\" Whitesnake- \"Is This Love\" Beverly Craven- \"I Miss You\" Bill Withers- \"Ain't No Sunshine\" Sinéad O'Connor- \"Nothing Compares 2 U\" External links album description (in Polish) Love 2008 compilation albums Pop compilation albums", "title": "The Best Love... Ever!" }, { "docid": "2234597", "text": "Into the Great Wide Open is the eighth studio album by American rock band Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers. Released in July 1991, it was the band's last with MCA Records. The album was the second that Petty produced with Jeff Lynne, following the successful Full Moon Fever (1989). \"Learning to Fly\", the first single from the album, spent six weeks at No. 1 on Billboards Mainstream Rock Tracks chart, tying \"The Waiting\" (1981) for the band's longest run atop the chart. The album's second single, \"Out in the Cold\", also topped the Mainstream Rock chart, though for two weeks. The music video for the title track stars Johnny Depp as \"Eddie\", who moves to Los Angeles as a teenager to seek rock stardom, along with Gabrielle Anwar, Faye Dunaway, Matt LeBlanc, Terence Trent D'Arby, and Chynna Phillips. Artwork Featured on the album's cover is the (slightly-cropped) painting Autumn Landscape (1921) by Czech artist Jan Matulka. The original is owned by the Los Angeles County Museum of Art. Singles The album's first single, \"Learning to Fly\", was released on June 17, 1991, two weeks prior to the album, and was a substantial hit for Petty. The second single, the title track, was released just over two months after the album's release, and also became one of the band's biggest hits. Both songs were top 10 singles on various charts. The third single, \"Out in the Cold\", was a minor hit, not achieving the commercial success of the first two. Throughout 1992, four additional singles were released: \"Makin' Some Noise\", \"All Or Nothin'\", \"Too Good To Be True\", and \"King's Highway\". Critical reception Into the Great Wide Open was warmly received by critics. Dave DiMartino, reviewing the album for Entertainment Weekly, called it the closest thing to a \"classic\" album that Petty and the Heartbreakers had made in 15 years, and a return to the quality of their first two albums. He felt this was likely due to the involvement of Jeff Lynne, and commented that he felt the songs on Into the Great Wide Open are \"obviously\" better than those on Full Moon Fever, which had also been created in collaboration with Lynne. Rolling Stone critic Parke Puterbaugh said the album features Petty's best lyrics and is like a cross between Full Moon Fever and Damn the Torpedoes (1979), and much better than Let Me Up (I've Had Enough) (1987), the most recent album credited to Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers. Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic was less impressed, calling the album \"pleasant\", but not Petty at his best, and saying that it sounds too much like Full Moon Fever. In his Consumer Guide, Robert Christgau gave the album a one-star honorable mention, which indicates a \"worthy effort consumers attuned to its overriding aesthetic or individual vision may well like\". Track listing \"Attention, cassette listeners ...\" As a tongue-in-cheek reference to the \"Hello, CD Listeners\" interlude on compact disc releases of Full Moon Fever, on cassette tape releases of this", "title": "Into the Great Wide Open" }, { "docid": "5029915", "text": "White Limozeen is the twenty-ninth solo studio album by American entertainer Dolly Parton. It was released on May 30, 1989, by Columbia Records. The album returned the performer to the country music fold, after the critical and commercial failure of 1987's Rainbow. The album was produced by Ricky Skaggs, and featured a duet with Mac Davis, along with a cover version of Don Francisco's Christian classic, \"He's Alive\", as well as a bluegrass cover of the 1978 REO Speedwagon hit \"Time for Me to Fly.\" For Parton's efforts, she was rewarded with two country #1 singles: \"Why'd You Come in Here Lookin' Like That\" and \"Yellow Roses\". The album spent 100 weeks and peaked at #3 on the U.S. country albums chart and won Parton back much of the critical praise she had lost with Rainbow. It ended up being certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America. In 2009, Sony BMG re-released White Limozeen in a triple-feature CD set with Eagle When She Flies and Slow Dancing with the Moon. Track listing Chart performance Album Album (Year-End) Singles In anticipation of the album, in April 1989 the lead single, \"Why'd You Come in Here Lookin' Like That\" was released. It was a #1 Country single, and was given a music video. After the album showed to be doing well, in July 1989 the second single, \"Yellow Roses\" was released, also becoming a #1 Country single. November 1989 saw the third single, \"He's Alive\" being released. An accompanying video was released, consisting of footage of Parton's performance of the song on the CMA Awards show, earlier that month. It was a cover of Don Francisco's song of the same name. The single peaked at # 39. In February 1990 she released the fourth single, \"Time for Me to Fly\", a bluegrass cover of REO Speedwagon's 1978 hit of the same name. Like its immediate predecessor, the single also peaked at #39. In May 1990 the fifth single, the title track, was released, also without promotion, as by this point she was recording a holiday album, Home for Christmas. It reached #29 on the country singles charts. A sixth single, \"Slow Healing Heart\", was released that same year, but is rarely known, and it was the final bit of promotion for this album. The single did not chart. Production Produced By Ricky Skaggs Engineered By Tom Harding, Scott Hendricks, Pat Hutchinson, Doug Johnson, George Massenburg, Mike Poole & Ed Seay Assistant Engineers: Jeff Giedt, Rodney Good, Brad Jones Mixing: Doug Johnson Mastering: Denny Purcell Engineer Outboard Gear Service: Studio Equipment Rental (co owner: Pamela M Jones) Personnel Dolly Parton - vocals Eddie Bayers - drums Farrell Morris, Ricky Skaggs - percussion Mike Brignardello, Craig Nelson - bass guitar Barry Beckett, David Huntsinger, John Barlow Jarvis - keyboards, piano, DX-7 Mark Casstevens, Steve Gibson, Vince Gill, Albert Lee, Mac McAnally, Ricky Skaggs, Reggie Young - guitar Stuart Duncan, Ricky Skaggs - fiddle Paul Franklin - pedabro Terry Crisp, Lloyd Green, John", "title": "White Limozeen" }, { "docid": "67035664", "text": "Hank Locklin & Danny Davis & the Nashville Brass is a studio album by American country music artist Hank Locklin, American record producer Danny Davis and session band named the Nashville Brass. It was released in March 1970 via RCA Victor Records and was produced by Davis as well. Consisting of 11 tracks, the album featured re-recordings of former hits and songs by other artists. It included brass instrumentation by the Nashville Brass session group. It also spawned two singles between 1969 and 1970. Background and content Hank Locklin had major success in the early 1960s with the hits \"Geisha Girl,\" \"Please Help Me, I'm Falling\" and \"Happy Birthday to Me.\" His popularity on the radio began to wane in the late 1960s. In 1969, he had his final top 40 single, yet continued releasing studio albums on RCA's label. For Hank Locklin & Danny Davis & the Nashville Brass, Locklin collaborated with producer and musician Danny Davis. Davis had previously produced albums for Locklin during the late 1960s. It was also his first collaboration with the Nashville Brass, a studio group founded by Davis. The album contained a total of eleven tracks. It featured re-recordings of former hits by Locklin, such as 1960's \"Please Help Me, I'm Falling\" and \"Send Me the Pillow You Dream On.\" Also included were cover versions of Connie Smith's \"Once a Day,\" Bill Monroe's \"Blue Moon of Kentucky\" and Leon Ashley's \"Laura (What's He Got That I Ain't Got).\" The project was recorded at the Nashville Sound Studio and was produced by Davis. Release and reception Hank Locklin & Danny Davis & the Nashville Brass was released in March 1970 via RCA Victor Records. With its release, it became Locklin's twenty first studio album issued in his career. It was originally distributed as a vinyl LP, containing six songs on \"side one\" and five songs on \"side two.\" The project spawned two singles between 1969 and 1970. The first was Locklin's re-recording of \"Please Help Me, I'm Falling,\" which was issued on RCA in November 1969. It later peaked at number 68 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart.It was followed in April 1970 by Locklin's re-recording of \"Flying South.\" The single spent six weeks on the Billboard country list before peaking at number 56 in July 1970. The album received a mixed review from Thom Owens of Allmusic, who gave it three stars. He found Locklin and Davis' collaboration to be \"an awkward fusion.\" However, he found other tracks to fit the album's concept such as \"Once a Day\" and \"Blue Moon of Kentucky.\" Track listing Personnel All credits are adapted from the liner notes of Hank Locklin & Danny Davis & the Nashville Brass. Musical and technical personnel Danny Davis – producer Hank Locklin – lead vocals Bill McElhiney – arrangement Release history References 1970 albums Albums produced by Danny Davis (country musician) Hank Locklin albums RCA Victor albums", "title": "Hank Locklin & Danny Davis & the Nashville Brass" }, { "docid": "55344539", "text": "\"She Taught Me How to Fly\" is a song by English rock band Noel Gallagher's High Flying Birds. Written by frontman Noel Gallagher, it was released on 25 May 2018 as the third single from the band's third studio album Who Built the Moon? (2017). Music video The official video for \"She Taught Me How to Fly\" was directed by Julian House. The video has a psychedelic feel and features Gallagher taking centre stage as he performs the song. The video also features a series of silhouettes. \"She Taught Me How to Fly\" was released on the band's Vevo account on 6 April 2018. Track listing 12\" Digital Charts References 2017 songs Noel Gallagher's High Flying Birds songs Songs written by Noel Gallagher", "title": "She Taught Me How to Fly" }, { "docid": "1075144", "text": "Hypnotize the Moon is the third studio album by American country music singer Clay Walker. It was released October 17, 1995, on Giant Records. It was the third consecutive album of his career to earn RIAA platinum certification for U.S. shipments of one million copies, although it was also the first album of his career not to produce any Number One hits. Released from this album were, in order: \"Who Needs You Baby\", the title track, \"Only on Days That End in 'Y'\", and \"Bury the Shovel\". Respectively, these reached #2, #2, #5, and #18 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts. \"Love You Like You Love Me\" was co-written by Steve Wariner, who later recorded it on his 1998 album Burnin' the Roadhouse Down. Background In an interview with the Houston Chronicle Walker stated about the album \"I'm not trying to change country music; I want to be part of it, country music radio has really been the key for us. They've been behind us from the beginning, especially in this area.\" During an interview with The Grand Rapids Press Walker said, \"The third album has to be a landmark album for us. It has to take me to the next level.\" He also stated, \"I know for sure that this is the best album I've ever done. I'm just so proud of it.\" Walker told Country Song Roundup, \"The first album, I had a lot of very raw sound and it was a new beginning for me. The second album I stretched out of that one and tried to find my limitations. This album is something that I'm going to be proud of 20 years from now.\" In a press release for the album Walker stated, \"I really wanted this album to be more traditional country than anything I've ever done. That's why I wrote and looked for songs that were more in that vein.\" In another interview with Country Song Roundup Walker said, \"I try to record music that is going to be played on the radio twenty years from now. It's hard to make songs stand out with so many artists and songs out there.\" Critical reception The editors at Billboard wrote in their review of the album \"Walker is a big-voiced Texas singer with smart song selection and a minimalist honky-tonk production. He sounds unassuming until you realize that's what he's all about. He gets in your yard without ever getting in your face. Very intelligent use of fiddle and steel here.\" Helen Thompson of Texas Monthly wrote, \"Hypnotize the Moon, is already flying out of stores. Attribute his success to a knack for writing mainstream country songs or to his engaging modesty--or even to his tight blue jeans, which he wears in his sexy videos and onstage.\" Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic wrote, \" Walker shines on both polished, contemporary ballads and gritty traditional country, and his consistently excellent performance is what carries the album over the weak spots.\" David Zimmerman of USA Today", "title": "Hypnotize the Moon" }, { "docid": "27107540", "text": "Admiral Fell Promises is the fourth studio album by American indie folk act Sun Kil Moon, released on July 13, 2010 on Caldo Verde Records. Despite being released under the Sun Kil Moon moniker, the album features Mark Kozelek performing solo on acoustic nylon-string guitar. Along with the standard CD release, the album was also released on vinyl in October 2010, which includes liner notes, lyrics, and two bonus tracks recorded live in Saint-Malo, France. Regarding the album, Kozelek noted: \"With this record, I had a vision in mind. I wanted to make something that was very personal, that had a theme and a flow, musically.\" Kozelek has subsequently named Admiral Fell Promises the album he is most proud of recording, stating, \"Bury me with [Admiral Fell Promises]. That album is me at my best, my most focused. It's cohesive, beautiful and my playing was inspired by the legendary Andrés Segovia\". A live version of the title track previously appeared on Mark Kozelek's 2001 solo release, White Christmas Live. Background and recording Regarding the decision to record Admiral Fell Promises alone on an acoustic nylon-string guitar, Mark Kozelek noted: \"I was interested in classical guitar when I was younger, but got away from it. A few years ago, I picked up a Segovia five-CD set in New Zealand. Then came home, bought some classical records – by Liona Boyd, Ana Vidovic, Julian Bream. But I really fell in love with this record by Segovia. It's just called Segovia, composed by Tansman, Federico Mompou, and Maria Esteban de Valera. It was then that I decided, for my next record, that I wanted to play guitar and sing as beautifully as I could. With the classical guitar, the whole range of sounds is covered. Bass and drums would have swamped up the sound of this record. I wanted it to have the feel of those old classical guitar records.\" Kozelek would subsequently record the songs as he wrote them with engineer Aaron Prellwitz. Kozelek stated, \"When I wrote a few songs over the past year, my friend Aaron would fly down and record them. We did that off and on from April of last year until April of this year. If you record a song while it’s fresh, the odds of you being happy with it are stronger. It’s when you've played a song a million times that you find yourself struggling to find the spark that made it good the first time.\" Critical reception Admiral Fell Promises was released to generally positive reviews. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 based on reviews from mainstream critics, the album has received a favorable score of 77, which indicates \"generally favorable reviews\", based on 16 reviews. AllMusic reviewer Thom Jurek wrote: \"Admiral Fell Promises is the simplest Sun Kil Moon album in terms of production and presentation, but the richest in terms of structural complexity, and poetic and emotional power.\" Steven Hayden of The A.V. Club stated that \"Kozelek's Dylan-esque", "title": "Admiral Fell Promises" }, { "docid": "56075047", "text": "Nicki Parrott (pronounced pa-ROTT) is a jazz vocalist and bass player from Australia. Background Parrott took piano lessons when she was four years old, then learned flute. When she was fifteen, she started playing double bass, and after graduating from high school she studied at the New South Wales Conservatorium of Music in Sydney, Australia. While in school, she performed with Australian musicians Dale Barlow and Mike Nock and with American musicians Chuck Findley and Bobby Shew. Career She moved to New York City in 1994 and continued her education on bass with Rufus Reid. Her teachers also included Ray Brown and John Clayton. For several years she played bass guitar and sang backing vocals for an R&B band in Manhattan. She started a trio with John Tropea and David Spinozza. In 2000, she became the bassist for Les Paul in his trio's weekly performances at a club in Manhattan. She appeared in two documentaries about Paul: Chasing Sound and Thank You, Les. Parrott recorded her first album, Awabakal Suite (2001), with her sister, Lisa Parrott. She had roles on Broadway in the musicals Jekyll & Hyde and You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown. Her first solo album, Moon River, was released in 2008 and consisted of jazz standards. She has recorded tribute albums to Burt Bacharach, Nat King Cole, Doris Day, Blossom Dearie, Peggy Lee, and the Carpenters. Awards and honors Best Vocal Album, Swing Journal, Moon River, 2007; Fly Me to the Moon, 2008 Golden Disc Award, Swing Journal, Black Coffee, 2010 Discography As leader Awabakal Suite with Lisa Parrott (Monkey Pants, 2004) Moon River (Venus, 2007) People Will Say We're in Love with Rossano Sportiello (Arbors, 2007) Do It Again with Rossano Sportiello (Arbors, 2009) Fly Me to the Moon (Venus, 2009) Black Coffee (Venus, 2010) Can't Take My Eyes Off You (Venus, 2011) Like a Lover with Ken Peplowski (Venus, 2011) Sakura Sakura (Venus, 2012) Summertime (Venus, 2012) Autumn Leaves (Venus, 2012) Winter Wonderland (Venus, 2012) Live at the Jazz Corner with Rossano Sportiello, Eddie Metz (Arbors, 2012) The Last Time I Saw Paris (Venus, 2013) The Look of Love (Venus, 2014) Angel Eyes (Venus, 2014) It's a Good Day with Rossano Sportiello, Eddie Metz (Arbors, 2014) Sentimental Journey (Venus, 2015) Two Songbirds of a Feather with Rebecca Kilgore (Arbors, 2015) From Joplin to Jobim with Engelbert Wrobel, Paolo Alderighi, Stephanie Trick (Wrobel, 2016) Yesterday Once More: The Carpenters Song Book (Venus, 2016) Strictly Confidential with Rossano Sportiello, Eddie Metz (Arbors, 2016) Dear Blossom (Arbors, 2017) Unforgettable (Venus, 2017) Mambo to Tango (Wrobel, 2018) Close to You (Venus, 2018) Stompin' at the Savoy: A Tribute To Ella & Louis with Byron Stripling (Venus, 2018) New York to Paris (Arbors, 2019) If You Could Read My Mind (Arbors, 2021) As guest With David Krakauer A New Hot One (Label Bleu, 2000) The Twelve Tribes (Label Bleu, 2002) Live in Krakow (Label Bleu, 2003) Bubbemeises (Label Bleu, 2005) With Chuck Redd For George, Cole, and Duke (Blue Heron,", "title": "Nicki Parrott" }, { "docid": "13139096", "text": "The Triffids - Cassettes #1-6 Between 1978 and 1981, with a shifting roster of musicians, Australian folk rock group The Triffids independently released six cassette tapes. Robert McComb joined his younger brother, David McComb's band as violinist and second guitarist in 1979, in time for their fourth tape. In 2010 the group issued a compilation box set, Come Ride with Me... Wide Open Road – The Deluxe Edition of 10× CD with Disc 3 providing a selection from tapes 1 to 4 and Disc 4 containing tapes 5 and 6. Tape #1 Tape #1 was recorded on 27 and 28 May 1978 on a Revox A77 and released in 1978. It was produced by The Triffids and arranged by David McComb. Track listing \"What Would the Martians Think\" \"Nerves\" \"Mark\" ^^ \"Trouble\" \"Martyrs\" ^^ \"Rathouse\" \"GBH\" \"No\" ^^ \"Take Me to Your Leader\" ^^ \"Animals\" \"The Terrible Infant Infant II\" ^^ Tracks appear on Come Ride with Me... Wide Open Road – The Deluxe Edition (2010) Personnel The Triffids Allan MacDonald - drums, organ David McComb - lead vocals, bass, organ Phil Kakulas - guitar, vocals, bass, organ Additional musicians Andrew McGowan - organ, guitar, drums Kirke Godfrey - guitar, organ Tape #2 Tape #2 was recorded on 4 and 6 September 1978 and released in 1978. Track listing \"Philosophical Stroll\" ^^ \"What's the Difference\" ^^ \"Butterfly\" ^^ \"I'm Not Losing Sleep\" \"New Vision\" ^^ \"Standard Talking\" \"The Diplomatic Corps\" ^^ \"The Jinx of E.H. Lincolnburg\" \"Out of Tune\" ^^ \"Spring in the Fall\" ^^ Tracks appear on Come Ride with Me... Wide Open Road – The Deluxe Edition (2010) Personnel The Triffids David McComb - guitar, vocals Phil Kakulas - guitar, vocals Byron Sinclair - bass Allan MacDonald - drums, vocals Tape #3 Tape #3 was recorded on 3 and 4 February 1979 and released in 1979. Track listing \"Mystery\" \"I Was a Teenage Teenager\" ^^ \"The Pit and the Pendulum and Me\" \"Christmas Time\" \"Jeremy Joy\" ^^ \"Nedlands by Night\" \"I'm Sincere\" \"The Frontier\" \"True Love\" \"All the Same\" \"Sixteen Again\" ^^ time 37:06 ^^ Tracks appear on Come Ride with Me... Wide Open Road – The Deluxe Edition (2010) Personnel The Triffids David McComb - guitar, vocals Phil Kakulas - guitar, vocals Byron Sinclair - bass Allan MacDonald - drums, vocals Tape #4 Tape #4 was recorded in August 1979 and released in 1979. Track listing \"Cyclone\" ^^ \"Everyone Likes to Disco\" \"Jeremy Joy\" \"Artist\" ^^ \"Human Interest\" ^^ \"Paradise\" \"Careless City\" ^^ \"Kids These Days\" \"Blox\" ^^ \"I'm Gonna Fly to the Moon\" ^^ \"Little Voices\" ^^ \"Actress\" ^^ \"Adaptable\" ^^ \"Aim for My Heart\" ^^ \"Glamour Boy\" ^^ \"Remember When You Were a Child\" time 51:16 ^^ Tracks appear on Come Ride with Me... Wide Open Road – The Deluxe Edition (2010) Personnel The Triffids David McComb - guitar, vocals Rob McComb - guitar, violin Byron Sinclair - bass Allan MacDonald - drums, vocals Tape #5 Tape #5 was recorded in March/April 1980 and released", "title": "List of The Triffids Compact Cassettes" }, { "docid": "76146374", "text": "\"Blue Moon Rising\" is a song by the English rock band Noel Gallagher's High Flying Birds, written by frontman Noel Gallagher from their third EP Blue Moon Rising (2020). It was released as the second single. Background Gallagher has said in a statement: “How it manages to combine the influences of Metallica, The Jesters of Malice, Mantovani, Robinson Crusoe as well as Bob Marley AND The Wailers is literally beyond me… oh, and it’s not about City by the way.” Blue Moon Rising has been compared to Hounds of Love by Kate Bush. Music video The music video was released on 30 January 2020 and it was filmed at the Scala in London by Dan Cadan and Scully. It features the actress Gala Gordon and the actors Jack O’Connell and James Nelson-Joyce and Noel Gallagher himself in a cinematic setting. References 2020 singles Songs written by Noel Gallagher Noel Gallagher's High Flying Birds songs", "title": "Blue Moon Rising (song)" }, { "docid": "30056693", "text": "Gold is a two-disc compilation album by Ella Fitzgerald that was released on the Verve Records label in 2007. The 40 tracks span Fitzgerald's career from 1938 to 1964. Music The first disc contains material originally released by Decca Records; the second is taken from Verve releases. The 40 tracks were recorded between May 1938 and October 1964. The JazzTimes reviewer commented that \"Fitzgerald's fiery early collaborations with Chick Webb, Louis Jordan, Sy Oliver, Louis Armstrong and others bring the Decca half to a boil, and well-chosen selections from the Songbook recordings more than adequately characterize the sizzling Fitzgerald of the '50s and '60s.\" Track listing Disc One: The Decca Years \"A-Tisket, A-Tasket\" \"Undecided\" \"Stairway to the Stars\" \"Betcha Nickel\" \"Cow Cow Boogie\" \"Into Each Life Some Rain Must Fall\" \"It's Only a Paper Moon\" \"Flying Home\" \"Stone Cold Dead in the Market\" \"I'm Just a Lucky So and So\" \"My Happiness\" \"Black Coffee\" \"In the Evening (When the Sun Goes Down)\" \"Dream a Little Dream of Me\" \"Someone to Watch Over Me\" \"Smooth Sailing\" \"Airmail Special\" \"Goody Goody\" \"Angel Eyes\" \"You'll Have to Swing It (Mr. Paganini)\" \"Lullaby of Birdland\" \"Hard Hearted Hannah\" Disc Two: The Verve Years \"Just One of Those Things\" \"In the Still of the Night\" \"The Lady Is a Tramp\" \"Just Sittin' and a-Rockin'\" \"Take the \"A\" Train\" \"They All Laughed\" \"Summertime\" \"Oh, Lady Be Good (Live)\" \"Blue Skies\" \"Swinging Shepherd Blues\" \"Love Is Here to Stay\" \"Mack the Knife (Live)\" \"How High the Moon (Live)\" \"Misty\" \"Blues in the Night\" \"A Fine Romance\" \"All the Things You Are\" \"Too Marvelous For Words\" Certifications References 2007 compilation albums Ella Fitzgerald albums", "title": "Gold (Ella Fitzgerald album)" }, { "docid": "33083140", "text": "Sinatra: Best of the Best is a 2011 double compilation album by American singer Frank Sinatra. The album was promoted as having his classic hits from Capitol Records and Reprise Records together on one record for the first time ever. This 2 disc set is packaged in a lift top box and contains 5 collectible postcards of classic Sinatra images. The first disc contains the biggest hits from Frank Sinatra's career; the second disc contains the long out-of-print Live In '57 performance recorded in Seattle, Washington. Though this album was compiled and released by Capitol Records, the song \"Night and Day\" presented here is not the Capitol version, but the 1962 Reprise version from the album Sinatra and Strings. Best of the Best is also available as a single disc with just the hits from disc one. Track listing Disc one \"I've Got the World on a String\" (Harold Arlen, Ted Koehler)--arranged by Nelson Riddle (from the Capitol Records album This Is Sinatra!)- 2:14 \"My Funny Valentine\" (Richard Rodgers, Lorenz Hart)--arranged by Riddle (from the Capitol Records album Songs For Young Lovers) - 2:31 \"Young at Heart\" (Carolyn Leigh, Johnny Richards)--arranged by Riddle (from the Capitol Records album This Is Sinatra!) - 2:53 \"In the Wee Small Hours of the Morning\" (Bob Hilliard, David Mann)--arranged by Riddle (from the Capitol Records album In the Wee Small Hours) - 3:00 \"Love and Marriage\" (Sammy Cahn, Jimmy Van Heusen)--arranged by Riddle (from the Capitol Records album This Is Sinatra!) - 2:41 \"You Make Me Feel So Young\" (Josef Myrow, Mack Gordon)--arranged by Riddle (from the Capitol Records album Songs for Swingin' Lovers!) - 2:57 \"I've Got You Under My Skin\" (Cole Porter)--arranged by Riddle (from the Capitol Records album Songs for Swingin' Lovers!) - 3:43 \"The Lady Is a Tramp\" (Rodgers, Hart)--arranged by Riddle (from the Capitol Records Soundtrack Pal Joey) - 3:14 \"Witchcraft\" (Cy Coleman, Leigh)--arranged by Riddle (from the Capitol Records album All the Way) - 2:54 \"All the Way\" (Cahn, Van Heusen)--arranged by Riddle (from the Capitol Records album All The Way) - 2:55 \"Come Fly with Me\" (Cahn, Van Heusen)--arranged by Billy May (from the Capitol Records album Come Fly with Me) - 3:19 \"Angel Eyes\" (Matt Dennis, Earl Brent)--arranged by Riddle (from the Capitol Records album Frank Sinatra Sings for Only the Lonely) - 3:46 \"Nice 'n' Easy\" (Alan and Marilyn Bergman, Lew Spence)--arranged by Riddle (from the Capitol Records album Nice 'n' Easy) - 2:45 \"Night and Day\" (Porter)--arranged by Don Costa (from the Reprise Records album Sinatra and Strings) - 3:47 \"The Way You Look Tonight\" (Jerome Kern, Dorothy Fields)--arranged by Riddle (from the Reprise Records album Sinatra Sings Days of Wine and Roses, Moon River, and Other Academy Award Winners) - 3:22 \"My Kind of Town\" (Cahn, Van Heusen)--arranged by Riddle (from the Reprise Records soundtrack Robin and the 7 Hoods) - 3:08 \"Fly Me to the Moon (In Other Words)\" (Bart Howard)--arranged by Quincy Jones (from the Reprise Records album It Might As", "title": "Sinatra: Best of the Best" }, { "docid": "47733285", "text": "Fly Me to the Moon is the debut studio album by American singer-songwriter Bobby Womack. The album was released in January 1969, by Minit Records. Track listing Personnel Bobby Womack - guitar, vocals Reggie Young - guitar Mike Leech - bass Bobby Wood - piano Bobby Emmons - organ Gene Chrisman - drums Bobby Womack, Mike Leech - arrangements References 1969 debut albums Bobby Womack albums Albums produced by Chips Moman Minit Records albums", "title": "Fly Me to the Moon (Bobby Womack album)" }, { "docid": "16732282", "text": "Gregory Robert Garbowsky (born September 10, 1986) also known as Garbo, is an American musician best known as the bass guitarist for the pop rock bands Ocean Grove and Jonas Brothers. Early life and education Garbowsky was born and raised in South Plainfield, New Jersey, the son of Lois and Robert Garbowsky. He has one sibling, Juliann. He attended John E. Riley Elementary School and began playing violin in 3rd grade. He played drums in middle school and when he was 13, he asked his parents for a bass guitar for Christmas. Garbowsky graduated from South Plainfield High School in 2004 and that fall enrolled in Seton Hall University in South Orange. He played bass in a band called Level Zero, which won a Battle of the Bands at Seton Hall in 2005. In the spring of 2005, he had just finished his freshman year when he decided he wanted to go into music production. He was looking to change colleges when he got a call from his music pastor at Evangel Church in Scotch Plains. One of the pastor's friends, Paul Kevin Jonas Sr., had three sons, Kevin, Nick, and Joe, who were putting together a band and were looking for a bass player. The pastor recommended Garbowsky to Jonas Sr. Garbowsky began touring professionally when he was 18 years old. Career DNCE In 2015, Garbowsky became the manager of the Republic signed group DNCE with former band mates Joe Jonas as lead vocals and Jack Lawless as drums. Ocean Grove In 2011, Garbowsky's band Ocean Grove released their first EP \"Little Record\" on iTunes. They will be touring with indie pop band He Is We this summer. Songwriting He has co-written songs with the Jonas Brothers, including \"Tonight\" off of the 2008 Hollywood Records release A Little Bit Longer. \"Tonight\" reached up to #8 on the Billboard Hot 100. Also, the song \"Games\" off of the album Jonas Brothers, released in 2007. \"Tonight\" was remixed by Timbaland in 2009 for a special download through Verizon phones. Gregory Garbowsky also co-wrote the songs \"Poison Ivy\" and \"Fly with Me\" which are on the Jonas Brothers' album Lines, Vines and Trying Times. \"Fly with Me\" is also featured in the end credits of the movie Night at the Museum 2: Battle of the Smithsonian. He co-wrote the song \"Full Moon Crazy\" for the band, Honor Society. The song was on their first album, 'Fashionably Late', which came out on September 15, 2009. The song was also the title of Honor Society's first headlining tour. Garbowsky co-wrote \"In The End,\" \"Last Time Around,\" and \"Tonight\" off of the Nick Jonas & the Administration album \"Who I Am\" released in 2010. He also co-wrote \"When I'm Gone\" on the 2011 album Bury Me In My Rings by The Elected, a side-project of Rilo Kiley. Garbowsky has written songs with Glen Ballard, The Veronicas, Delta Goodrem, Babyface and many others. Garbowsky also gets writing credit on the final Jonas Brothers album \"liVe\" (2013),", "title": "Greg Garbowsky" }, { "docid": "65491764", "text": "Paul Norton (born 31 March 1961) is an Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist. He fronted the band Runners before launching a solo career in 1988. Biography 1980–1987: The Runners Norton started playing bass in various bands in his teens, which led to the formation of Melbourne band The Runners which were signed to Mushroom Records in 1981. The group released their first single \"Sure Fire Thing\" in 1982 followed by an album Hitting the Wall and single \"Endlessly\". The Runners toured constantly throughout the early eighties and went through many line up changes before disbanding in 1985. Norton spent the next couple of years playing with various bands. 1988–1993: Solo career In 1988, Norton again signed with Mushroom Records Paul released his first single \"Stuck On You\" which peaked at number three on the Australian charts and was certified gold in 1989. Norton's debut album, Under a Southern Sky was released in August 1990, which peaked at number 44. In 1991, Norton commenced work in this second album, Let It Fly, which was released in 1992. The singles were \"Lil Red Riding Hood\" and \"When We Were Young\". 1994–2005: Hillbilly Moon In 1994 Norton met Peter Wells RIP (Rose Tattoo) and Cletis Carr and together they formed Hillbilly Moon and later that year released the album Hillbilly Moon Volume One with the song \"She Left Me\" receiving solid airplay on Country Music Television. 2006–present In 2006, Norton toured Australia with The Countdown Spectacular, featuring 27 of Australia's top rock acts of the 1970s and 1980s performing to 100,000 people nationwide. Personal life Paul is married to Australian performer and actress Wendy Stapleton. They have one daughter, Alexandra, who performs under the name Ally Mac. Discography Studio albums Singles References External links 1961 births 20th-century Australian male singers Australian rock singers Musicians from Melbourne Living people", "title": "Paul Norton (musician)" }, { "docid": "71762795", "text": "Mark–n–Marshall: Monday is an album by saxophonist Marshall Allen, his first as a leader. It was recorded at The Spirit Room in Rossie, New York on March 16, 1998, and was released later that year by CIMP. On the album, which is the companion to Mark–n–Marshall: Tuesday, Allen is joined by saxophonist and clarinetist Mark Whitecage, bassist Dominic Duval, and drummer Luqman Ali. Reception In a review for AllMusic, Steve Loewy wrote: \"It is hard to believe that this is the first release under the name of alto saxophonist Marshall Allen, who was 73 years old when this CD was recorded... with players so good, most everything manages to fall into line... There is a somewhat informal, and even self-indulgent feeling throughout, but that is forgivable, given the high level of musicianship.\" The authors of The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings stated: \"'When You Wish Upon a Star' is an obvious echo of Sun Ra's Disney fascination, but there is also the coda-like 'Star Wishing' to demonstrate how much further Allen is prepared to push things. 'Out of Nowhere' is a titanic performance, while 'Fly Me to the Moon' ensures that the interplanetary strain hasn't been overlooked.\" A reviewer for All About Jazz commented: \"This Monday date is full of the sound of joy... Whitecage provides mobile flutterings that perfectly complement Allen's Johnny Hodges-meets-Ornette Coleman tone. Dominic Duval provides bass commentary in the revolutionary mode of Scott LaFaro and Gary Peacock... Luqman Ali... supports the group with crisp, propulsive drumming. Who says Mondays are all bad?\" Track listing \"Mr. Whitecage, Meet Mr. Allen\" (Dominic Duval, Luqman Ali, Mark Whitecage, Marshall Allen) – 9:47 \"Out of Nowhere\" (Dominic Duval, Luqman Ali, Mark Whitecage, Marshall Allen) – 12:18 \"When You Wish Upon a Star\" (Leigh Harline, Ned Washington) – 8:30 \"Star Wishing\" (Marshall Allen) – 7:38 \"Fly Me to the Moon\" (Bart Howard) – 10:52 \"Albatross\" (Dominic Duval, Luqman Ali, Mark Whitecage, Marshall Allen) – 10:54 \"Seven and Half Steps\" (Dominic Duval, Luqman Ali, Mark Whitecage, Marshall Allen) – 9:01 Personnel Marshall Allen – alto saxophone Mark Whitecage – clarinet, alto saxophone, soprano saxophone Dominic Duval – double bass Luqman Ali – drums References 1998 debut albums Marshall Allen albums Free jazz albums CIMP albums", "title": "Mark–n–Marshall: Monday" }, { "docid": "9118645", "text": "Caustic Resin is an American indie rock band from Boise, Idaho consisting of Brett Netson on guitar and vocals, Tom Romich Jr. on bass guitar, and James Dillion or Pat Perkins on drums. Biography Caustic Resin formed in Boise, Idaho in 1988, the original lineup consisted of guitarist/singer Brett Netson (formerly of local punk outfit the Pugs), bassist Tom Romich Jr., and drummer Pat Perkins. They began playing mostly heavy metal venues, but soon began performing with Treepeople. Netson has long been associated with Doug Martsch, who founded Built to Spill in 1992 with Netson as an original member. Caustic Resin and Built to Spill have continued to collaborate, and released the joint EP, Built to Spill Caustic Resin, in 1995. After signing to Up Records, Caustic Resin subsequently released Fly Me to the Moon in 1995. Produced by Phil Ek, the album was a departure from earlier metal-influenced work and a transition to alternative and space rock. Caustic Resin released The Medicine Is All Gone, their first album on Alias Records. They released Trick Question in 1999, which featured bassist Mike Johnson of Dinosaur Jr. and Joe Plummer. The band released The Afterbirth in 2000, their last album for Alias before returning to Up Records. In the meantime, Netson played and toured with Built to Spill. Finally, in 2003, Caustic Resin returned with Keep on Truckin, which featured original drummer Pat Perkins and split bass duties between Romich and Johnson. Caustic Resin has been on indefinite hiatus since 2003, though they appeared at Treefort Music Fest in 2014. Since the band's indefinite hiatus, Netson became a member of Earth, and toured with Boris in 2016. Romich continues to work as a musician in Boise, and Perkins became a web developer, working at the College of Western Idaho and the Idaho Department of Fish and Game. Discography Albums Body Love/Body Hate (C/Z, September 12, 1993) Fly Me to the Moon (Up, 1995) The Medicine Is All Gone (Alias, 1998) Trick Question (Alias, 1999) The After Birth (Alias, 2000) Keep On Truckin' (Up, 2003) Singles \"Yeah, Right\" (Up, 1995) References External links Official Caustic Resin website Caustic Resin video Up Records artists Indie rock musical groups from Idaho", "title": "Caustic Resin" }, { "docid": "68923045", "text": "\"Strawberry Moon\" (stylized in all lowercase) is a song by South Korean singer-songwriter IU. It was released on October 19, 2021, through EDAM Entertainment via Kakao M. \"Strawberry Moon\" was both written and composed by IU, with additional composition credits by Jonghoon Lee and Lee Chae-gyu. Background and composition IU's agency EDAM Entertainment unveiled the first teaser for \"Strawberry Moon\" on October 5, 2021, showing her in a dream-like setting sitting atop a giant ice cream scoop, with its release date set for October 19. She subsequently released a series of teasers, with a lyric teaser for its accompanying music video posted to YouTube on October 15. The song was made available for digital download and streaming at midnight local time four days later, and serves as a followup to her fifth studio-album Lilac, which was released seven months prior. The track was both written and composed by IU, with additional production credits by Jonghoon Lee and Lee Chae-gyu. \"Strawberry Moon\"s composition has been described as that reminiscent of a fairy tale, with its soft piano melody and IU's delicate voice. The lyrics of the song's chorus conveys the feelings of warm comfort in a romantic relationship, with its lyrics translating to: \"Scoop of a large strawberry moon / I will entrust you to me eh-oh / The feeling of flying so cool / How is life more perfect ooh\". Tamar Herman of South China Morning Post also described \"Strawberry Moon\" as a \"breezy electropop-rock\" track that talks about \"a fated meeting\" and equates it to a scoop of strawberry ice. Critical reception Tanu I. Raj of NME said the song is a depiction of \"the kind of easy, mature love that is unaffected by the whimsies of the heart or life\" and praised IU's lyricism. She noted how the \"lightness of being\" becomes a \"visual, sonic and lyrical theme\" throughout the track and how the instrumental emphasizes the lyrics: while IU sings \"feeling like floating up/Through the tense darkness/We won't be afraid\" the piano \"segues into atmospheric beats on the pre-chorus, as if with every word, she defies gravity and reaches a little higher\", scene perfectly portrayed in the music video, where IU and her partner drive up in the sky. Tamar Herman of South China Morning Post said the track is \"the perfect sonic representation of who she is and where she is in her career\" and she included it on her list of Best K-pop releases of October 2021. Junhwan Jang of IZM said the song is \"a triumph of lyrics\" with \"unique metaphors\" and praised IU's lyricism, saying it \"fully showed off in a song\" since \"Love Poem\". Music video The music video was posted to YouTube in conjunction with the release of the digital single. The visual was directed by Flipevil, who also worked with IU on the video for \"Lilac\" in March. Lee Jong-won appears as IU's opposite in the video. Accolades \"Strawberry Moon\" achieved a triple crown on the music program Inkigayo, in", "title": "Strawberry Moon (song)" }, { "docid": "7098087", "text": "Fruit Tree is a box set by English singer/songwriter Nick Drake. It exists in several versions, all of which feature his three studio albums, plus additional material. Versions There are now three distinct releases of Fruit Tree. 1979 release The 1979, release consisted of a box set of three LPs with new artwork. The first two were as listed below. The third was Pink Moon (track listing as below) plus the last four songs of what later (1986 release) became Time of No Reply. This version was released on Island Records. 1986 release The 1986, release was a 4 LP/CD release, and had the track listing as given below. It was released the same year as the separate Time of No Reply album. This version was released on Hannibal Records. 2007 release The 2007, release features Drake's three studio albums (as per the first three albums of the 1986 release), plus A Skin Too Few DVD. This version was released on Island Records. Track listing Disc One: Five Leaves Left \"Time Has Told Me\" – 4:27 \"River Man\" – 4:21 \"Three Hours\" – 6:16 \"Way to Blue\" – 3:05 \"Day Is Done\" – 2:22 \"Cello Song\" – 3:58 \"The Thoughts of Mary Jane\" – 3:12 \"Man in a Shed\" – 3:49 \"Fruit Tree\" – 4:42 \"Saturday Sun\" – 4:00 Disc Two: Bryter Layter \"Introduction\" – 1:33 \"Hazey Jane II\" – 3:46 \"At the Chime of a City Clock\" – 4:47 \"One of These Things First\" – 4:52 \"Hazey Jane I\" – 4:31 \"Bryter Layter\" – 3:24 \"Fly\" – 3:00 \"Poor Boy\" – 6:09 \"Northern Sky\" – 3:47 \"Sunday\" – 3:42 Disc Three: Pink Moon \"Pink Moon\" – 2:06 \"Place to Be\" – 2:44 \"Road\" – 2:02 \"Which Will\" – 2:59 \"Horn\" – 1:23 \"Things Behind the Sun\" – 3:56 \"Know\" – 2:27 \"Free Ride\" – 3:36 \"Parasite\" – 3:05 \"Harvest Breed\" – 1:38 \"From the Morning\" – 2:31 Note: In the 3 LP 1979 version, this disc additionally included the last four tracks of the disc below. Disc Four (1986): Time of No Reply \"Time of No Reply\" – 2:47 \"I Was Made to Love Magic\" – 3:28 \"Joey\" – 3:06 \"Clothes of Sand\" – 2:32 \"Man in a Shed\" (Demo) – 3:06 \"Mayfair\" – 2:33 \"Fly\" (Demo) – 3:37 \"The Thoughts of Mary Jane\" (Demo) – 3:46 \"Been Smoking Too Long\" – 2:17 \"Strange Meeting II\" – 3:38 \"Rider on the Wheel\" – 2:33 \"Black Eyed Dog\" (Demo) – 3:28 \"Hanging on a Star\" – 2:49 \"Voice From the Mountain\" – 2:12 Disc Four (2007): A Skin Too Few (DVD) Skin Too Few (The Days of Nick Drake) (Biographical film) \"Introduction\" \"Hazey Jane I\" \"How Wild the Wind Blows\" \"River Man\" \"At the Chime of a City Clock\" \"Day Is Done\" \"Know\" \"Hanging on a Star\" \"From the Morning\" \"Northern Sky\" References 1979 compilation albums Nick Drake compilation albums Albums produced by Joe Boyd Compilation albums published posthumously Island Records compilation albums 2007 video albums Island Records video albums", "title": "Fruit Tree (box set)" }, { "docid": "28391924", "text": "Leaving on a Mayday is an album by singer-songwriter Anna Ternheim. It was released on 11 August 2008 and is Ternheim's fourth full-length LP. Track listing \"What Have I Done\" – 3:21 \"Damaged Ones\" – 3:09 \"Terrified\" – 4:42 \"Let It Rain\" – 4:54 \"My Heart Still Beats for You\" – 4:27 \"No, I Don't Remember\" – 3:53 \"Make It On My Own\" – 3:24 \"Summer Rain\" – 3:55 \"Losing You\" – 3:38 \"Off the Road\" – 3:54 \"Black Sunday Afternoon\" – 4:37 \"Terrified\" – 3:33 Delux Edition CD1 What Have I Done Damaged Ones Terrified Let It Rain My Heart Still Beats For You No I Don't Remember Summer Rain Losing You Off The Road Black Sunday Afternoon CD2: \"Anna Sings Sinatra\" New York New York Come Fly With Me Fly Me To The Moon That's Life Strangers In The Night Box edition CD1 What Have I Done Damaged Ones Terrified Let It Rain My Heart Still Beats For You No I Don't Remember Summer Rain Losing You Off The Road Black Sunday Afternoon New York New York Come Fly With Me Fly Me To The Moon That's Life Strangers In The Night CD2: LIVE EP FROM TOURING 2009 No, I Don't Remember Damaged Ones A French Love Wedding Song Let It Rain DVD: ANNA PERFORMS FIVE ACOUSTIC VERSIONS What Have I Done Summer Rain No, I Don't Remember Off The Road My Heart Still Beats For You References External links Verve Music Group: Anna Ternheim - Leaving on a Mayday 2008 albums Albums produced by Björn Yttling Anna Ternheim albums", "title": "Leaving on a Mayday" }, { "docid": "70438308", "text": "Fly Me to the Moon is an upcoming American romantic comedy-drama film directed by Greg Berlanti and written by Rose Gilroy. The film stars Scarlett Johansson, Channing Tatum, Nick Dillenburg, Anna Garcia, Jim Rash, Noah Robbins, Colin Woodell, Christian Zuber, Donald Elise Watkins, Ray Romano, and Woody Harrelson. Its plot follows the relationship between a marketing specialist and a NASA director during the 1960s Space Race. Fly Me to the Moon is scheduled to be released theatrically in the United States and Canada by Columbia Pictures through Sony Pictures Releasing on July 12, 2024, before streaming on Apple TV+ at a later date. Premise During the 1960s Space Race between the United States and the Soviet Union, a relationship develops between the NASA director in charge of the Apollo 11 launch and the marketing specialist brought in to fix NASA's public image and stage a \"back-up\" fake moon landing. Cast Production In March 2022, Apple Studios announced they had acquired the rights to produce a movie set in the backdrop of the Space Race, then titled Project Artemis, for $100 million. Scarlett Johansson and Chris Evans were also announced as starring in the film, with Jason Bateman directing. In May, Bateman said the working title Project Artemis was likely to change. He left the project the following month, citing creative differences, and was later replaced by Greg Berlanti, his first directorial effort since 2018's Love, Simon. The search for a new director and Berlanti's availability changed the production schedule, forcing Evans to drop out as well. In July, Channing Tatum entered negotiations to replace him. In September, Jim Rash joined the cast. Ray Romano, Anna Garcia and Woody Harrelson would be added in the following months. Filming began on October 27, 2022, in Atlanta, with a casting call issued seeking extras to play NASA employees and FBI agents. By December 21, 2023, with a release date of July 12, 2024 set, the film was no longer titled Project Artemis. In April 2024, the film's new title was revealed to be Fly Me to the Moon, and Daniel Pemberton was confirmed to compose the score for the film. Release Following their partnership on Napoleon, Apple entered another agreement with Sony Pictures to distribute the film in theatres in December 2023. That same month, it was scheduled for a theatrical release in the United States and Canada on July 12, 2024. References External links Upcoming films 2024 films 2024 romantic comedy films 2020s American films 2020s English-language films Apple TV+ original films American romantic comedy-drama films Columbia Pictures films Films about space programs Films about astronauts Films about the United States Space Force Films about the Apollo program Films directed by Greg Berlanti Films scored by Daniel Pemberton Films shot in Atlanta", "title": "Fly Me to the Moon (2024 film)" }, { "docid": "6929308", "text": "...Allow Us to Be Frank, a Rat Pack tribute, is the fifth studio album, sixth major album release under Sony BMG and first cover album by Irish boy band Westlife; it is also the first album since the departure of Brian McFadden and as a four-piece. It was released on 8 November 2004, and peaked at number two in Ireland and number three in the United Kingdom. ...Allow Us to Be Frank was number twenty-four on the 2004 year-end album charts. The album features songs made popular by Frank Sinatra such as \"The Way You Look Tonight\", \"Come Fly with Me\", \"Moon River\", \"Summer Wind\" and \"That's Life\". It also includes the Nat \"King\" Cole song, \"When I Fall in Love\". It was recorded with a 60-piece orchestra at Phoenix Studios in Wembley, in the London Borough of Brent. Singles \"Smile\" was released as the album's first single on 4 November 2004. The physical single features the video and B-sides \"White Christmas\" and \"When I Fall in Love\". It charted at number 37 in Sweden. \"Fly Me to the Moon\" was released as the album's second single on 20 December 2004. The single was only released digitally, featuring the video, as well as an exclusive B-side, \"Beyond the Sea\", which does not feature on the album. \"Ain't That a Kick in the Head\" was released as the album's third and final single on 6 January 2005. The physical single features the video, as well B-side \"Moon River\". It peaked at number 5 in Denmark, number 20 in Sweden, number 41 in the Netherlands and number 43 in Europe. While \"Moon River\" charted at No. 221 in Russia. Track listing On the Japanese edition, the song The Way You Look Tonight is in two versions: the Westlife version is track 5, and the duet with Joanne Hindley is bonus track 14. Credits Band recorded at Whitfield Street Studios, London Vocals recorded at Rokstone Studios, London Bass guitar:Steve Pearce Vocals (track 5):Joanne Hindley Backing vocals (track 13): Katie Kissoon Tessa Niles Background vocal arrangement:Andy CaineSteve Mac Arrangement and piano: Dave Arch Design and art direction: Stylorouge Bass: Allan Walley Leon Bosch Cello: Catchy Giles Gillian Thoday Martin Loveday Nick Cooper Double bass: Paul Morgan Drums: Ralph Salmins Mix assistant engineer: Daniel Pursey Mix engineer: Ren Swan Pro Tools engineer: Chris Laws Devin Workman Ren Swan Guitar: John Parricelli Mitch Dalton Horns: Dave Lee Jim Rattigan Paul Gardham Richard Watkins Mastering: Dick Beetham Percussion: Gary Kettel Glynn Matthews Photography: James Bareham Band recording: Mike Ross-Trevor Vocal recording: Chris Laws Daniel Pursey Steve Mac Alto saxophone, flute: Andy Macintosh Phil Todd Baritone saxophone, bass clarinet, flute:Alan Barnes Tenor saxophone, clarinet, flute: Andy Panayi Tenor saxophone, flute: Dave Bishop Bass trombone: Richard Edward Tenor trombone: Chris Dean Mark Nightingale Pete Beachill Trumpet: Andy Greenwood Derek Watkins Simon Gardner Steve Sidwell Viola:Andy Parker Edward Vanderspar Garfield Jackson Kathy Burgess Nick Barr Vicci Wardman Violin:David Angel Debbie Widdup Douglas MacKie Gillian Cohen Marcus Barcham-Stevens Martin Burgess Michael", "title": "...Allow Us to Be Frank" }, { "docid": "6395006", "text": "Latin for Lovers was a Doris Day album, mostly composed of songs originating in Latin America, released by Columbia Records on March 22, 1965 as a monophonic LP (catalog number CL-2310) and a stereophonic album (catalog number CS-9110). Although \"Fly Me to the Moon\" was not of Latin-American origin, it was an early song adapted to the bossa nova dance then becoming popular, and so associated at the time with Latin America. A Columbia 45RPM single, #4-43278, was released to coincide with the album. It featured How Insensitive as the A-side and Meditation as the B-side. Neither song charted. The songs were arranged by Mort Garson, who also conducted the orchestra. The album was reissued in 2001, combined with Doris Day's Sentimental Journey, as a CD. Track listing \"Corcovado\" (Antônio Carlos Jobim, Gene Lees) (recorded November 2, 1964) - 2:54 \"Fly Me to the Moon (In Other Words)\" (Bart Howard) (recorded November 5, 1964) - 2:33 \"Meditation\"(Antônio Carlos Jobim, Newton Mendonça, Norman Gimbel) (recorded November 2, 1964) - 2:54 \"Dansero\" (Richard Hayman, Lee Daniels, Sol Parker) (recorded November 9, 1964) - 2:22 \"Summer Has Gone\" (Gene DiNovi, Bill Comstock) (recorded November 2, 1964) - 2:16 \"How Insensitive\" (Antônio Carlos Jobim, Vinícius de Moraes, Norman Gimbel) (recorded November 9, 1964) - 3:39 \"Slightly Out of Tune (Desafinado)\" (Antônio Carlos Jobim, Newton Mendonça, Jon Hendricks, Jesse Cavanagh) (recorded November 2, 1964) - 2:49 \"Our Day Will Come\" (Mort Garson, Bob Hilliard) (recorded November 5, 1964) - 2:40 \"Be True to Me (Sabor A Mi)\" (Mel Mitchell, Alarcon Carillo) (recorded November 5, 1964) - 3:04 \"Perhaps, Perhaps, Perhaps (Quizás, Quizás, Quizás)\" (Osvaldo Farrés, Joe Davis) (recorded November 5, 1964) - 2:31 \"Be Mine Tonight (Noche De Ronda)\" (Maria Teresa Lara, Sunny Skylar) (recorded November 9, 1964) - 3:22 \"Por Favor\" (Joe Sherman, Noel Sherman) (recorded November 9, 1964) - 2:22 References 1965 albums Doris Day albums Columbia Records albums Albums arranged by Mort Garson Albums conducted by Mort Garson Covers albums", "title": "Latin for Lovers" }, { "docid": "42845543", "text": "Angelina Jordan Astar (born 10 January 2006) is a Norwegian singer whose audition for the 2014 season of Norway's Got Talent at the age of seven, singing \"Gloomy Sunday\" in the style of Billie Holiday, became a viral video online and brought her worldwide press coverage. She went on to win the competition at the age of eight with her performance of George Gershwin's \"Summertime\". Since then she has worked to raise money on behalf of environmental causes and various children's charities. She always performs barefoot, after befriending a young shoeless girl and giving her shoes to her. Jordan later wrote a book about the experience, Mellom to hjerter (Between Two Hearts). Jordan has released multiple digital singles and EPs, and one full-length album called It's Magic. She appeared on the first season of Little Big Shots in 2016, and the second season of America's Got Talent: The Champions in 2020, where her cover version of Queen's \"Bohemian Rhapsody\" brought her much attention. Jordan has lived in the United States since 2018. In August 2020, it was announced that she has signed with Republic Records. Her first single under that label, \"Million Miles\", was released in November 2020. Career 2014: From Norway's Got Talent to My Christmas After Jordan's performances of two Billie Holiday songs, \"Gloomy Sunday\" and \"I'm a Fool to Want You\", on Norway's Got Talent, as well as \"Fly Me to the Moon\" on a TV talk show, all went viral online in March 2014, she was featured in Time, Daily Mirror, People, and other news outlets around the world. She continued in the competition singing Nancy Sinatra's version of \"Bang Bang (My Baby Shot Me Down)\" live in the semi-finals, and won with her performance of George Gershwin's \"Summertime\", in the style of Ella Fitzgerald and Louis Armstrong's 1958 recording of the song. In September 2014, she performed \"Fly Me to the Moon\" on the US television show The View, bringing her wider fame in the United States. She also performed on several TV 2 programs in Norway over the next few years, including multiple appearances on Allsang på Grensen (Singalong at the Border, referring to the border fortress of Fredriksten where outdoor concerts are held) and on TV4 in Sweden. Jordan had a small guest role in the final episode of the Netflix series Lilyhammer, playing a girl who sings in a bar. In December 2014, she partly realized a personal ambition of singing at the Nobel Peace Prize Concert by performing for Peace Prize recipients Malala Yousafzai and Kailash Satyarthi at the Save the Children's Peace Prize Celebration. Jordan's recording debut, the three-song maxi-single My Christmas, was released in December 2014. To support the release, Jordan performed the songs on multiple TV shows, including an appearance on Christmas Day. 2015–2019: YouTube channels, The EP, It's Magic In 2015, Jordan began recording music that would eventually be collected on the six-song Angelina Jordan – The EP, released on 27 November 2017. Many of the tracks", "title": "Angelina Jordan" }, { "docid": "6528056", "text": "The Songs I Love was Perry Como's 11th RCA Victor 12\" long-play album and the first featuring RCA Victor's Dynagroove technology. Perry Como hosted an hour-long program on NBC TV until June 1963, the year that The Songs I Love was released. A regular feature of the show would seat Como on a distinctive set that spelled out \"Mr. C.\" while he would croon a favorite song. A photo of the set adorns the cover of Songs I Love. This album reproduces the effect of that segment (which producers Hugo & Luigi describe as \"one of the few great traditions in television\") over a dozen soft ballads such as \"Fly Me to the Moon (In Other Words)\" and \"This Is All I Ask.\" The leadoff track, \"The Songs I Love\", sets the tone for everything that follows, and, not surprisingly, it turns out that pop standards are the songs Como loves. The Songs I Love was a commercially successful album aimed at fans of The Perry Como Show, to whom it is recommended. Track listing Side one \"The Songs I Love\" (music by Jimmy Van Heusen and lyrics by Sammy Cahn) - 3:20 \"(I Left My Heart) In San Francisco\" (music by George Cory and lyrics by Douglas Cross) - 3:17 \"Fly Me to the Moon\" (In Other Words) (words and music by Bart Howard) - 3:20 \"Slightly Out of Tune\" (music by Antônio Carlos Jobim) - 3:12 \"This is All I Ask\" (words and music by Gordon Jenkins) - 3:18 \"Hawaiian Wedding Song\" (Ke Kali Nei Au ) - 2:37 Side two \"Days of Wine and Roses\" (music by Henry Mancini and lyrics by Johnny Mercer) - 2:43 \"Carnival\" (Music by Luiz Bonfá and lyrics by Antonio Maria) - 3:24 \"My Coloring Book\" (Music by John Kander and lyrics by Fred Ebb) - 3:33 \"I Wanna Be Around\" (words and music by Johnny Mercer and Sadie Vimmerstedt) - 3:00 \"When I Lost You\" (words and music by Irving Berlin) - 2:55 \"What Kind of Fool Am I?\" (from the 1961 stage musical Stop the World I Want to Get Off) - 2:34 References External links Perry Como Discography Perry Como albums 1963 albums Albums produced by Hugo & Luigi RCA Victor albums", "title": "The Songs I Love (album)" }, { "docid": "28837970", "text": "Fly Me to the Moon... The Great American Songbook Volume V is the fifth title in Rod Stewart's series of covers of pop standards, released on 19 October 2010, and his 26th studio album overall. It has sold 363,000 copies as of October 2012. Track listing \"That Old Black Magic\" (Harold Arlen, Johnny Mercer) – 4:35 \"Beyond the Sea\" (Jack Lawrence, Charles Trenet) – 3:25 \"I've Got You Under My Skin\" (Cole Porter) – 3:50 \"What a Difference a Day Makes\" (Stanley Adams, María Grever) – 3:21 \"I Get a Kick Out of You\" (Porter) – 3:32 \"I've Got the World on a String\" (Arlen, Ted Koehler) – 2:52 \"Love Me or Leave Me\" (Walter Donaldson, Gus Kahn) – 3:07 \"My Foolish Heart\" (Ned Washington, Victor Young) – 3:37 \"September in the Rain\" (Al Dubin, Harry Warren) – 2:55 \"Fly Me to the Moon\" (Bart Howard) – 2:45 \"Sunny Side of the Street\" (Dorothy Fields, Jimmy McHugh) – 2:56 \"Moon River\" (Henry Mancini, Mercer) – 2:48 Limited edition bonus CD \"Bye Bye Blackbird\" (Mort Dixon, Ray Henderson) – 4:09 \"All of Me\" (Gerald Marks, Seymour Simons) – 3:09 \"She's Funny That Way\" (Neil Moret, Richard A. Whiting) – 3:23 \"Cheek to Cheek\" (Irving Berlin) – 3:29 \"Ain't Misbehavin'\" (Harry Brooks, Andy Razaf, Fats Waller) – 3:48 \"When I Fall in Love\" (Edward Heyman, Young) – 3:45 Personnel Rod Stewart – lead vocals, backing vocals (11) Joe Sample – acoustic piano (1, 7) Mike Thompson – acoustic piano (1, 2, 4–6, 9, 10, 12), synth strings (11), accordion (12), arrangements Alex Navarro – synth strings (1–10, 12), acoustic piano (3, 8), vibraphone solo (9) Larry Goldings – additional synth strings (3), acoustic piano (11) Nick Sample – additional synth strings (4) Alicia Morgan – synth strings (7, 12) Doug Lloyd – organ (7) Larry Koonse – guitars (1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12) Aaron Kaplan – guitars (3, 5, 8, 11) Reggie McBride – bass (1, 2) Chris Golden – bass (5, 6, 11), double bass (3) Trey Henry – bass (4, 7, 9, 10, 12) Joel Hamilton – bass (8) John Ferraro – drums (1-12) Kalani Das – percussion (1) Doug Webb – tenor sax solo (1–3), \"stritch\" sax solo (5), flute solo (6), tenor saxophone (7, 11), \"stritch\" saxophone (9), flute (9, 10), clarinet (11), additional horn arrangements Andrew Lippman – trombone solo (2) Lee Thornburg – brass parts (3, 9), trumpet solo (4), trombone solo (6), flugelhorn solo (8), flugelhorn (10), additional horn arrangements Tom Evans – clarinet (11) Adrian Woods – cello (3, 6) Clive Davis – arrangements Richard Perry – arrangements Mike Navarro – synth string arrangements Alan Broadbent – live string arrangements Lauren Wild – backing vocals (1, 5, 7–9, 11, 12), arrangements, BGV arrangements Angela Michael – backing vocals (7, 9, 11, 12) Natasha Pierce – backing vocals (7) Jeffrey Purrough – backing vocals (7) Credits (bonus tracks 1-6) Rod Stewart – lead vocals Mike Thompson – acoustic piano (1, 2, 4–6),", "title": "Fly Me to the Moon... The Great American Songbook Volume V" }, { "docid": "32666329", "text": "Fly Me to the Moon is an album by Michael Feinstein, featuring guitarist Joe Negri, released in 2010 through DuckHole Records, consisting of covers and jazz standards. The album reached a peak position of number 39 on Billboard Jazz Albums chart. Track listing Personnel Musicians Michael Feinstein - Vocals Joe Negri - Guitar Jay Leonhart - Bass Joe Cocuzzo - Drums Technical Paul Andre - Producer Jim Czak - Engineer David Glasser - Mastering Bill Moss - Engineer References 2010 albums Michael Feinstein albums", "title": "Fly Me to the Moon (Michael Feinstein album)" }, { "docid": "65071567", "text": "Standards is the fourth album led by jazz pianist and mathematician Rob Schneiderman, released on the Reservoir label in 1993. Reception In his review on AllMusic, Ken Dryden stated \"Rob Schneiderman has made a series of recordings for Reservoir in addition to being a jazz educator and math professor (the latter career well after this 1992 session). With bassist Rufus Reid and drummer Ben Riley providing a veteran rhythm section, the pianist focuses on standards, including more than a few that had fallen by the wayside by the 1990s. Schneiderman's exuberant take of Vincent Young's showcases both Reid and Riley's tasty brushwork. The pianist opens \"So in Love\" unaccompanied then switches gears into a breezy post-bop setting suggestive of the late James Williams, who like Reid and Schneiderman both taught at William Paterson University. The leader's deliberate setting of \"I Should Care\" emphasizes its melancholy mood, seasoned with his rich chord voicings. The leader adds a playful bop vamp in his waltzing treatment of \"Fly Me to the Moon.\" The South American ballad \"Disritmia\" may not yet be a standard in North America, but Schneiderman's sensuous arrangement help it fit right in with the bevy of decades-old standards on this fine date.\" Track listing All compositions by Rob Schneiderman except where noted \"Love Letters\" (Edward Heyman, Victor Young) - 7:38 \"So in Love\" (Cole Porter) - 8:19 \"Slow Boat to China\" (Frank Loesser) - 5:13 \"Without a Song\" (Edward Eliscu, Billy Rose, Vincent Youmans) - 8:55 \"I Should Care\" (Sammy Cahn, Axel Stordahl, Paul Weston) - 5:15 \"Fly Me to the Moon\" (Bart Howard) - 6:05 \"Disritmia\" - 7:29 \"With a Song in My Heart\" (Lorenz Hart, Richard Rodgers) - 6:06 \"When You Wish Upon a Star\" (Leigh Harline, Ned Washington) - 4:45 \"No One Else But You\" (Don Redman) - 4:47 Personnel Bass – Rufus Reid Drums – Ben Riley Piano – Rob Schneiderman Producer – Mark Feldman Recorded by Rudy Van Gelder References Rob Schneiderman albums 1993 albums Reservoir Records albums Albums recorded at Van Gelder Studio", "title": "Standards (Rob Schneiderman album)" }, { "docid": "32963147", "text": "Noel Gallagher's High Flying Birds are an English rock band formed in 2010 as the solo moniker of former Oasis songwriter, guitarist, and vocalist Noel Gallagher. The touring band consists of former Oasis members Gem Archer (guitar), Mike Rowe (piano), and Chris Sharrock (drums), as well as former Zutons bassist Russell Pritchard. The band has also had a variety of guests contribute to albums such as the Crouch End Festival Chorus, Amorphous Androgynous, Johnny Marr, and Paul Weller. Since his departure from Oasis in August 2009, many speculated that Gallagher might record a solo album. In July 2011, he held a press conference to confirm this, after denying rumours from his brother Liam had already heard the tracks featured on it. Later that year, Noel released the project's self-titled debut album. Several singles from the album were released, including \"The Death of You and Me\", \"If I Had a Gun...\", \"AKA... What a Life!\", \"Dream On\", and \"Everybody's on the Run\". In 2015, High Flying Birds released their second album, Chasing Yesterday. Their third, Who Built the Moon?, was released in November 2017, which was followed by 3 EPs released between 2019 and 2020. Their fourth studio album, Council Skies, was released in June 2023. Gallagher stated in an interview on The Jonathan Ross Show that the inspiration for the band's name was from two sources: the idea to prefix the name with \"Noel Gallagher's\" was formed while he was listening to the album Peter Green's Fleetwood Mac, while the latter part of the name is taken from the song \"High Flying Bird\", most notably recorded by Jefferson Airplane. History Break-up of Oasis (2009–2010) On 12 July 2009, rumours began to spread that Noel Gallagher intended to go solo, but these appear to have had no foundation. However, two months later, a fight between the Gallagher brothers took place in a backstage area, reportedly resulting in Noel's guitar being smashed by Liam, and Noel subsequently storming off. On 28 August 2009 Oasis' manager announced the cancellation of their concert at the Rock en Seine festival near Paris just minutes before it was about to begin, along with the cancellation of the European tour and a statement that Oasis \"does not exist anymore\". Two hours later, a statement from Noel appeared on the band's website writing that \"with some sadness and great relief...I quit Oasis tonight. People will write and say what they like, but I simply could not go on working with Liam a day longer.\" High Flying Birds and scrapped Amorphous Androgynous album project (2011–2012) Gallagher's solo career plans began in earnest after Oasis disbanded. On 6 July 2011 Gallagher held a press conference in London during which he announced that Noel Gallagher's High Flying Birds would release a self-titled album on 17 October 2011, and a second collaboration with Amorphous Androgynous would be released in 2012. In August 2011, he released his debut single \"The Death of You and Me\", to positive reviews. Following the success of \"The", "title": "Noel Gallagher's High Flying Birds" }, { "docid": "3357726", "text": "OMG HGB DVD ROTFL is a DVD by American rock band Hellogoodbye. It contains two hours of music videos, tour footage, a full 40-minute concert and a 30-minute acoustic set. Release It was announced on November 4, 2005, and released on November 22 through Drive-Thru Records. The title is composed of acronyms used in internet slang, and stands for \"Oh my God/Hellogoodbye/Digital versatile disc/Rolling on the floor, laughing\". When designing the artwork for the DVD jacket, vocalist/guitarist Forrest Kline initially intended it to be a space filler until they would find a serious title. However, OMG HGB DVD ROTFL stuck. Content Music videos The DVD's first segment comprises the band's five music videos to all the songs off their Hellogoodbye EP, along with a making of montage. All of the videos show the band in ridiculous costumes and/or comedic alter egos – from a parody of Baywatch in \"Shimmy Shimmy Quarter Turn\", directed by Darren Doane, via a tennis match in \"Call n' Return\", directed by Scott Culver, to players, German exchange students and finger puppets in the remaining three videos, which were all directed by Jonathan London and filmed exclusively for the DVD. House of Blues performance Secondly, OMG HGB DVD ROTFL contains a 40-minute concert, filmed in high-definition at the band's stop at the House of Blues in Anaheim, California on July 14, 2005, during their tour with Houston Calls, JamisonParker and The Rocket Summer. Following a short pre-show interview, the band plays an eleven song set, including their entire debut EP. Setlist \"Call n' Return\" \"All Time Lows\" \"Figures A and B\" \"Dear Jamie... Sincerely Me\" \"Homewrecker\" \"Here in Your Arms\" \"Bonnie Taylor Shakedown... 2K1\" \"Oh, It Is Love\" \"Shimmy Shimmy Quarter Turn\" \"Touchdown Turnaround\" \"Jesse Buy Nothing... Go to Prom Anyways\" Chain Reaction acoustic benefit Following the House of Blues performance is a 30-minute unplugged benefit concert for the Deborah Heart and Lung Center, recorded at Chain Reaction in Anaheim, California on January 7, 2005. Hellogoodbye play calmer interpretations of their songs using banjos, rattles, a glockenspiel and similar acoustic instruments. Kurvink and Profeta's musician fathers joined the band onstage for \"Fly Me to the Moon\". Setlist \"Dear Jamie... Sincerely Me\" \"Homewrecker\" \"All Time Lows\" \"If You Wanna, I Might\" \"The Way I Feel Inside\" (The Zombies cover) \"Fly Me to the Moon\" (Frank Sinatra cover) \"Call n' Return\" \"Shimmy Shimmy Quarter Turn\" Tour footage and extras Lastly, the DVD features approximately twenty minutes of road stories and touring antics, shot during their West Coast tour with Houston Calls, JamisonParker and The Rocket Summer. Besides containing another acoustic rendition of \"Homewrecker\", the segment also gives insight on Hellogoodbye's backstage routines, such as blowing up inflatable pool toys and waging Super Soaker wars on Houston Calls. In addition, the tour is documented by a photo slideshow. References 2005 video albums Hellogoodbye albums", "title": "OMG HGB DVD ROTFL" }, { "docid": "3096000", "text": "Romantically Yours is the second posthumous release by American recording artist Marvin Gaye, released by Columbia Records in 1985. Background When Marvin Gaye was killed in April 1984, he still had two albums left to complete on his contract with Columbia Records. In May 1985, Columbia issued the album, Dream of a Lifetime, which performed modestly on the chart. A little over six months later, Columbia assembled tracks from Gaye's Motown period, mostly of traditional pop and vocal jazz tunes that Gaye had recorded in the 1960s and 1970s and named it \"Romantically Yours\". Recording Starting in 1968, Gaye had begun working on a pop vocal album with producer and arranger Bobby Scott. Among the songs they recorded were \"Why Did I Choose You\", \"More\", \"Maria\", \"Fly Me To The Moon\" and \"I Won't Cry Anymore\". Midway through recording, Gaye, depressed over personal issues and upset over his career, stopped recording sessions with Scott and wouldn't revisit the work with Scott for over a decade. During the 1970s, Gaye revisited the studio and composed songs over a jazz setting, including \"Just Like\", \"Walkin' in the Rain\" and \"Stranger in My Life\". The song \"I Live For You\" was originally recorded during sessions for Let's Get It On. Having revisited his Scott productions in the late 1970s, Gaye recorded several different versions of the song \"The Shadow of Your Smile\". In the version featured on Romantically Yours, Gaye sings in both tenor and falsetto. In addition to these songs, a song composed in the early 1960s by Eddie Holland and Norman Whitfield, \"Happy Go Lucky\", was also included. Most of the songs were reworked by Harvey Fuqua, who took credit for producing the album. The album was released in November 1985, intended for Gaye's fans, rather than for commercial assumption, which was the case of In Our Lifetime. With the release of Romantically Yours, Columbia completed Gaye's contract. In 1997, several of the songs featured in a different sound culled from the 1979 sessions of an album titled The Ballads, were included in the Motown compilation, Vulnerable. Track listing \"More\" (Norman Newell, Nino Oliviero, Riz Ortolani) – 2:40 \"Why Did I Choose You\" (Michael Leonard, Herbert Martin) – 2:36 \"Maria\" (Leonard Bernstein, Stephen Sondheim) – 3:06 \"The Shadow of Your Smile\" (Johnny Mandel, Paul Francis Webster) – 3:03 \"Fly Me to the Moon\" (Bart Howard) – 3:19 \"I Won't Cry Anymore\" (Al Frisch, Fred Wise) – 2:40 \"Just Like\" (Gaye) – 4:08 \"Walkin' in the Rain\" (Gaye) – 2:54 \"I Live for You\" (Gaye) – 2:40 \"Stranger in My Life\" (Gaye) – 3:41 \"Happy Go Lucky\" (Eddie Holland, Norman Whitfield) – 2:35 References 1985 albums Marvin Gaye albums Albums published posthumously Columbia Records albums Albums produced by Harvey Fuqua Marvin Gaye compilation albums Compilation albums published posthumously Columbia Records compilation albums Albums produced by Marvin Gaye Vocal jazz albums Covers albums Jazz albums by American artists", "title": "Romantically Yours" }, { "docid": "12504659", "text": "TLA Releasing is a US film distribution and production company owned by TLA Entertainment Group. In March 2011, a new LLC was formed for the operation. Its primary output is LGBT-related films from all over the world under the \"TLA Releasing\" label, as well as horror films under the label \"Danger After Dark\". Since 2000, they have released over 200 films on DVD and various VOD platforms. In 2005, they opened a branch in the UK. In June 2011, they announced \"TLA Select\", a line of Blu-rays of TLA Releasing's the most popular films, including Latter Days, Another Gay Movie and Another Gay Sequel, Make the Yuletide Gay, and Boy Culture. In July 2011, the UK division lost its entire inventory of DVDs when rioters in London burnt down a Sony warehouse. Sony rapidly worked to replenish the lost stock. Select films released through TLA Releasing 29th and Gay 800 Balas Absolut Warhola Adam & Steve A Little Lust (Italy, \"Né Romeo, Né Giulietta\") Another Gay Movie Another Gay Sequel: Gays Gone Wild! Bear City Bear City 2: The Proposal Beautiful Boxer Blackmail Boys Bloomington (UK) Blue and Not So Pink (Venezuela) Boy Culture Boys in the Sand Cachorro Children of God Circuit Conspiracy of Silence David's Birthday (UK) Death of a Dynasty Down in Paris (USA & UK) Dog Tags Dorian Blues Edge of Seventeen Eighteen Ethan Mao Far Side of the Moon Finding Me Finding Me: Truth Five Dances The Fluffer From Beginning to End Fruit Fly Godforsaken Gone But Not Forgotten La Primera Noche Latter Days Leo's Room (UK) Locked Up Love, Spells and All That Luster Make the Yuletide Gay Metrosexuality Mom + Mom Mysterious Skin Naked Boys Singing Naked Fame O Homem Que Copiava Old Men in New Cars One Kiss (Italy, \"Un Bacio\") P.S. Your Cat Is Dead Pervert! Say Uncle Shiner Sleeper Cell (Series 1, Region 2 only) Soundless Wind Chime Speechless (2012) Straight-Jacket The Stranger in Us (UK) Stratosphere Girl Street Bangaz Surrender Dorothy Three Dancing Slaves (Le Clan) Under One Roof Waiting for the Messiah The Wedding Video When Boys Fly The Wooden Camera Wrangler: Anatomy of an Icon You Are Not Alone Zerophilia Danger After Dark films 2LDK (2003) Dante's Inferno (USA, 2007) Epitaph (South Korea, 2007) Evilenko (Italy, 2005) Feed (Australia, 2005) Gutterballs (Canada, 2008) Hell's Ground (Zibahkhana) (Pakistan, 2007) The Living and the Dead (UK, 2006) Meatball Machine (Japan, 2005) Moon Child (Gackt) (Japan, 2003) Next Door (Naboer) (Norway, 2005) Satan Hates You (USA, 2010) Storm (Sweden, 2005) Strange Circus (Japan, 2005) Suicide Club (Japan, 2002) Summer Scars (USA, 2007) Danger After Dark Collection (Japan, 2002) Evil (To Kako) (Greece, 2005) Pistoleros (Denmark, 2006) Rapturious (USA, 2007) The Wedding Party (Belgium, 2005) References External links Culture of Philadelphia Film distributors of the United States LGBT arts organizations LGBT-related film", "title": "TLA Releasing" }, { "docid": "55341994", "text": "Who Built the Moon? is the third studio album by English rock band Noel Gallagher's High Flying Birds. Produced by David Holmes, it was released on 24 November 2017, through Gallagher's label Sour Mash Records. Four singles were released from the album; \"Holy Mountain\", \"It's a Beautiful World\", \"She Taught Me How to Fly\" and \"If Love Is the Law\". The album received generally positive reviews from critics, who praised the album's psychedelic experimentation and progression from the band's previous albums. It was also a commercial success, becoming Gallagher's 10th consecutive UK number one album with both the band and Oasis, becoming the first artist to reach the landmark of 10 consecutive UK number one albums. Background Who Built the Moon? was a work in progress since Chasing Yesterday was being recorded, Noel has stated in interviews that this album was being recorded not only during those sessions but also during the Chasing Yesterday World Tour. The album was announced on 25 September 2017 through Gallagher's social media accounts, with the upcoming 2018 UK and Ireland tour. In an interview with Colombian DJ Alejandro Marín, Gallagher revealed that the woman on the album's cover is his then-wife Sara MacDonald. This is the final album to feature the drummer Jeremy Stacey, who was departed from the band in 2016 during the recording to supporting the tour of King Crimson. He was temporarily replaced by Emre Ramazanoglu to continue the recording. Singles On 9 October 2017, the song \"Holy Mountain\" was released as the first single. The single contained the B-side \"Dead in the Water\", which has become one of the band's signature themes since the album's release. On 17 November 2017, \"It's a Beautiful World\" was released as the second single from the album, it contained the B-side \"God Help Us All\", a demo recorded over a decade earlier from when Oasis were still together. On 6 April 2018, \"She Taught Me How to Fly\" was announced as the third single from the album, and released on 25 May with a coinciding music video. The single was the only track from the album released as a single to not contain an original lyrical song, instead a remix by frequent collaborator of Gallagher, Justin Robertson. \"If Love Is the Law\" was the 4th single to be released from the album on 17 August 2018, with the last B-side to be released as \"Alone on the Rope\". Critical reception Who Built the Moon? received acclaim from music critics. On Metacritic, which assigns a normalised rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 76 based on 20 reviews, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\". Many reviews praised the album's experimentation and its progression from the typical sound of Gallagher's previous works. Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic gave the album a very positive review, noting that \"There is a certain rush hearing him opt for glam, psychedelia, and candied pop instead of respectable strumming. Once that initial rush fades,", "title": "Who Built the Moon?" } ]	[ "April 1954" ]
train_21990	when was the last time the yankees won a world series	[ { "docid": "1332292", "text": "The 1950 World Series was the 47th World Series between the American and National Leagues for the championship of Major League Baseball. The Philadelphia Phillies as 1950 champions of the National League and the New York Yankees, as 1950 American League champions, competed to win a best-of-seven game series. The Series began on Wednesday, October 4, and concluded Monday, October 9. The Phillies had home field advantage for the Series, meaning no games would be played at the Yankees' home ballpark, Yankee Stadium, until game 3. The Yankees won their 13th championship in their 41-year history, taking the Series in a four-game sweep. The final game in the Series resulted in the New York Yankees winning, 5–2 over Philadelphia. It was the only game in the Series decided by more than one run. The 1950 World Series title would be the second of a record five straight titles for the New York Yankees (1949–1953). The two teams would not again meet in the Series for 59 years. This was also the last World Series to have no American born black players until 2022, as neither club had integrated in 1950. It was also the last World Series where television coverage was pooled between multiple networks: earlier that year the Mutual Broadcasting System, which had long been the radio home for the World Series, purchased the exclusive TV rights for the following season despite not (and indeed, never) having a television network. They would eventually sell on the rights to NBC, beginning a long relationship with the sport for that network. The Yankees and Phillies faced each other again 59 years later in the 2009 World Series, in which the Yankees also won, this time in six games to win their 27th World Series championship. Teams Philadelphia Phillies The Phillies, a particularly young team which came to be known as the \"Whiz Kids\", had won the National League pennant in dramatic fashion on the final day of the season to garner their second pennant—their first in 35 years. But writing in The New York Times on October 3, 1950, John Drebinger picked the Yankees to win the Series in five games: \"The Stengelers simply have too much over-all pitching. They have the long range power. They rare defensive skill, and they have the poise and experience gained through the past four years which brought them two world championships and three pennants.\" Odds makers made the Yankees 2–5 favorites to win the Series. Curt Simmons, a 17-game winner for the Phillies in 1950, had been called to military duty in September and was unavailable for this Series. Simmons was stationed at Camp Atterbury and requested and was granted a leave on October 4 to attend the Series. The Phillies chose not to request that Commissioner Chandler rule Simmons eligible for the Series but Simmons chose to attend to support the team. Simmons' place on the Series roster was taken by pitcher Jocko Thompson. Phillies ace Robin Roberts didn't start Game 1 because", "title": "1950 World Series" }, { "docid": "71284247", "text": "The 2003 Major League Baseball postseason was the playoff tournament of Major League Baseball for the 2003 season. The winners of the League Division Series would move on to the League Championship Series to determine the pennant winners that face each other in the World Series. This was the first edition of the postseason where home-field advantage in the World Series was awarded to the league who won the MLB All-Star Game, a rule which lasted until 2016. In the American League, the New York Yankees made their ninth straight postseason appearance, the Oakland Athletics made their fourth straight appearance, the Minnesota Twins made their second straight appearance, and the Boston Red Sox made their first postseason appearance of the new Millennium. In the National League, the Atlanta Braves made their twelfth consecutive appearance in the postseason, the Florida Marlins and Chicago Cubs made their first postseason appearance of the new Millennium, and the San Francisco Giants returned for the third time in four years. The postseason began on September 30, 2003, and ended on October 25, 2003, with the Marlins defeating the Yankees in six games in the 2003 World Series. It was the Marlins' second title in franchise history. Playoff seeds The following teams qualified for the postseason: American League New York Yankees - 101–61, Clinched AL East Oakland Athletics - 96–66, Clinched AL West Minnesota Twins - 90–72, Clinched AL Central Boston Red Sox - 95–67, Clinched Wild Card National League Atlanta Braves - 101–61, Clinched NL East San Francisco Giants - 100–61, Clinched NL West Chicago Cubs - 88–74, Clinched NL Central Florida Marlins - 91–71, Clinched Wild Card Playoff bracket Note: Two teams in the same division could not meet in the division series. American League Division Series (1) New York Yankees vs. (3) Minnesota Twins This was the first postseason meeting between the Yankees and Twins. The Yankees defeated the Twins in four games to return to the ALCS for the seventh time in eight years. The Twins stole Game 1 on the road despite using five pitchers in the process. The Yankees would even the series in Game 2. In Minneapolis for Game 3, Hideki Matsui hit a two-run home run to put the Yankees in the lead for good as they won 3–1 to take the series lead. David Wells would pitch a complete game for the Yankees in Game 4 as they blew out the Twins to advance to the ALCS. Both teams would meet again in the ALDS in 2004, 2009, 2010, and 2019, as well as the 2017 AL Wild Card Game, which were all won by the Yankees. (2) Oakland Athletics vs. (4) Boston Red Sox This was the fourth postseason meeting between the Athletics and Red Sox, dating back to 1975 when they first met. The Red Sox rallied from a two games to none series deficit to defeat the Athletics and advance to the ALCS for the first time since 1999. The Athletics prevailed in a", "title": "2003 Major League Baseball postseason" }, { "docid": "7587984", "text": "The history of the New York Yankees Major League Baseball (MLB) team spans more than a century. Frank J. Farrell and William Stephen Devery bought the rights to an American League (AL) club in New York City after the 1902 season. The team, which became known as the Yankees in 1913, rarely contended for the AL championship before the acquisition of outfielder Babe Ruth after the 1919 season. With Ruth in the lineup, the Yankees won their first AL title in 1921, followed by their first World Series championship in 1923. Ruth and first baseman Lou Gehrig were part of the team's Murderers' Row lineup, which led the Yankees to a then-AL record 110 wins and a Series championship in 1927 under Miller Huggins. They repeated as World Series winners in 1928, and their next title came under manager Joe McCarthy in 1932. The Yankees won the World Series every year from 1936 to 1939 with a team that featured Gehrig and outfielder Joe DiMaggio, who recorded a record hitting streak during New York's 1941 championship season. New York set a major league record by winning five consecutive championships from 1949 to 1953, and appeared in the World Series nine times from 1955 to 1964. Mickey Mantle, Yogi Berra, and Whitey Ford were among the players fielded by the Yankees during the era. After the 1964 season, a lack of effective replacements for aging players caused the franchise to decline on the field, and the team became a money-loser for owners CBS while playing in an aging stadium. George Steinbrenner bought the club in 1973 and regularly invested in new talent, using free agency to acquire top players. Yankee Stadium was renovated and reopened in 1976 as the home of a more competitive Yankees team. Despite clubhouse disputes, the team reached the World Series four times between 1976 and 1981 and claimed the championship in 1977 and 1978. New York continued to pursue their strategy of signing free agents into the 1980s, but with less success, and the team eventually sank into mediocrity after 1981. In the early 1990s, the team began to improve as their roster was rebuilt around young players from their minor league system, including Derek Jeter and Mariano Rivera. After earning a playoff berth in 1995, the Yankees won four of the next five World Series, and the 1998–2000 teams were the last in MLB to win three straight Series titles. As the 2000s progressed, the Yankees' rivalry with the Boston Red Sox increased in intensity as the sides met multiple times in the American League Championship Series (ALCS), trading victories in 2003 and 2004. New York regularly reached the postseason, but were often defeated in the first two rounds. In 2009, the Yankees opened a new Yankee Stadium and won the World Series for the 27th time in team history, an MLB record. The Yankees appeared in the ALCS four times during the 2010s and again in 2022, but lost on each occasion. Pre-World War", "title": "History of the New York Yankees" }, { "docid": "4161701", "text": "The 2006 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2006 season. The 102nd edition of the World Series, it was a best-of-seven playoff between the American League (AL) champion Detroit Tigers and the National League (NL) champion St. Louis Cardinals; the Cardinals won the series in five games to win their tenth World Series championship. This was the third World Series meeting between the Tigers and the Cardinals, the first in 38 years. The Cardinals won the first in , and the Tigers won the second in ; each went the full seven games. It was only the fifth time in 40 years that the Series featured two teams that had both remained in the same city since the formation of the AL in 1901, the last time being the 2004 World Series between St. Louis and the Boston Red Sox. The last three prior to 2004 were in (Boston–Cincinnati), 1968 (Detroit–St. Louis) and (Boston–St. Louis). The Cardinals, who moved into Busch Stadium III in April, became the fourth team to win the Series in their home stadium's debut season, joining the Pittsburgh Pirates (Forbes Field), Boston Red Sox (Fenway Park) and New York Yankees (Yankee Stadium I). In 2009, they would be joined by the New York Yankees (Yankee Stadium II). With this win, the Cardinals would join the Yankees on becoming only the 2nd team in MLB history to win 10 World Series Championships. It also marked the franchise's first World Championship since . Cardinals manager Tony La Russa, who won the 1989 World Series title with the Athletics, became the second manager in history to lead teams in both leagues to championships, joining Sparky Anderson. Tigers manager Jim Leyland, who won the 1997 World Series title with the Marlins, also could have become the second manager in history to lead teams in both leagues to championships, had the Tigers won the series. The Cardinals finished the regular season 83–78. This is the second-worst record ever for a league champion (the 1973 New York Mets finished 82–79) and the worst record ever for a World Series champion. Previously the 1987 Minnesota Twins finished 85–77 and defeated that year's Cardinals team in the 1987 World Series. Background A pair of battered ballclubs Since Interleague Play began in 1997, this marked the third time a World Series would be a rematch of the regular season. The Tigers swept the Cardinals in three games at Comerica Park from June 23–25. Neither team was given much chance to advance far into October by many baseball pundits. Both teams stumbled through the second halves of their seasons. The Tigers, only three years removed from having the most losses in a season by an AL team and enjoying their first successful season after 12 years of futility, surprised the baseball world by building a ten-game lead in the American League Central, but eventually the lead evaporated in the final months and they lost the division to the Minnesota Twins on", "title": "2006 World Series" }, { "docid": "3864", "text": "The 2001 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2001 season. The 97th edition of the World Series, it was a best-of-seven playoff between the National League (NL) champion Arizona Diamondbacks and the three-time defending World Series champions and American League (AL) champion New York Yankees. The underdog Diamondbacks defeated the heavily favored Yankees, four games to three to win the series. Considered one of the greatest World Series of all time, its memorable aspects included two extra-inning games and three late-inning comebacks. Diamondbacks pitchers Randy Johnson and Curt Schilling were both named World Series Most Valuable Players. The Yankees advanced to the World Series by defeating the Oakland Athletics, three games to two, in the AL Division Series, and then the Seattle Mariners in the AL Championship Series, four games to one. It was the Yankees' fourth consecutive World Series appearance, after winning championships in , , and . The Diamondbacks advanced to the World Series by defeating the St. Louis Cardinals, three games to two, in the NL Division Series, and then the Atlanta Braves in the NL Championship Series, four games to one. It was the franchise's first appearance in a World Series. The Series began later than usual as a result of a delay in the regular season after the September 11 attacks and was the first to extend into November. The Diamondbacks won the first two games at home, limiting the Yankees to just one run. The Yankees responded with a close win in Game 3, at which U.S. President George W. Bush threw out the ceremonial first pitch. In Games 4 and 5, the Yankees won in comeback fashion, hitting game-tying home runs off Diamondbacks closer Byung-hyun Kim with one out remaining in consecutive games, before winning in extra innings. The Diamondbacks won Game 6 in a blowout, forcing a decisive Game 7. In the final game, the Yankees led in the ninth inning before the Diamondbacks staged a comeback against closer Mariano Rivera, capped off by a walk-off, bases-loaded bloop single by Luis Gonzalez to clinch Arizona's championship victory. This was the third World Series to end in a bases-loaded, walk-off hit, following and , and to this date, the last Series to end on a walk-off of any kind. This series held the record for the latest date that a Series ended (November 4th), until that record was tied during the 2009 World Series and broken during the 2022 World Series. Among several firsts, the 2001 World Series was the first World Series championship for the Diamondbacks; the first World Series played in the state of Arizona or the Mountain Time Zone; the first championship for a Far West state other than California; the first major professional sports team from the state of Arizona to win a championship; and the earliest an MLB franchise had won a World Series (the Diamondbacks had only existed for four years). The home team won every game in the Series, which had", "title": "2001 World Series" }, { "docid": "6333059", "text": "The New York Yankees are a professional baseball team based in the Bronx, a borough of New York City. Also known as \"the Bronx Bombers\" and \"the Pinstripers\", the Yankees play in the East Division of Major League Baseball's (MLB) American League (AL). In its 121 MLB seasons, the franchise has won 27 World Series championships, the most of any MLB team and 16 more than the second-place St. Louis Cardinals. The Yankees played home games in Yankee Stadium from 1923 to 2008, except for a stint at Shea Stadium from 1974 to 1975 while Yankee Stadium was undergoing renovations. In 2009, the team moved into a new ballpark, which is also called Yankee Stadium. The Baltimore Orioles began play in the AL in 1901. After two seasons, the Orioles were replaced by a club in New York; it is unclear whether it was an expansion team or a relocated version of the Orioles. Frank Farrell and William S. Devery purchased the franchise, naming it the New York Highlanders. In 1913, the team changed its name to the Yankees. From 1921 to 1964, the Yankees were the most successful MLB franchise, winning 20 World Series titles and 29 AL pennants. This period included streaks of four consecutive championships from 1936 to 1939 and five straight titles from 1949 to 1953. Following an 11-year playoff drought, the club appeared in the playoffs five times in a six-year period and won back-to-back World Series championships in 1977 and 1978. The Yankees won the World Series again in 1996, and in 1998 began a run of three consecutive titles. From 1995 to 2007, the Yankees made the playoffs each year; their 13-season postseason streak was the second-longest in MLB history. After missing the playoffs in 2008, they won another World Series in 2009 and reached the postseason each year from 2010 to 2012. In the most recent MLB season, 2023, New York had an 82–80 record and did not qualify for the playoffs. Overall, the Yankees' .569 regular season winning percentage is the highest of any MLB team, and they have the eighth-most regular season wins, behind seven clubs founded in the 19th century. Table key Year by year These statistics are from Baseball-Reference.com's New York Yankees Team History & Encyclopedia, except where noted, and are current as of October 1, 2023. Record by decade The following table describes the Yankees' MLB win–loss record by decade. These statistics are from Baseball-Reference.com's New York Yankees Team History & Encyclopedia, and are current as of October 7, 2023. All-time records Notes This is determined by calculating the difference in wins plus the difference in losses divided by two. For lists of all American League pennant winners, see American League pennant winners 1901–68 and American League Championship Series. Half-game increments are possible because games can be cancelled due to inclement weather or other circumstances that prevent play. If a postponed game is the last of the season between two teams, it may not be made up,", "title": "List of New York Yankees seasons" }, { "docid": "636308", "text": "Andrew Eugene Pettitte (; born June 15, 1972) is an American former professional baseball pitcher who played 18 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB), primarily for the New York Yankees. He also pitched for the Houston Astros. Pettitte won five World Series championships with the Yankees and was a three-time All-Star. He ranks as MLB's all-time postseason wins leader with 19. Pettitte was drafted by the Yankees organization in 1990, and he signed with them roughly a year later. After debuting in the major leagues in 1995, Pettitte finished third in voting for the American League (AL) Rookie of the Year Award. In 1996, he led the AL with 21 wins and was runner-up for the AL Cy Young Award. Two years later, he was the Yankees' Opening Day starter. Pettitte established himself as one of the \"Core Four\" players who contributed to the Yankees' late-1990s dynasty that produced four championships. Pettitte won the 2001 AL Championship Series Most Valuable Player (MVP) Award in helping his team win the pennant. After spending nine seasons with the Yankees—a stint in which he won at least 12 games each season—Pettitte signed with the Astros in 2004. He rejoined the Yankees in 2007 and later that season admitted to using human growth hormone to recover from an elbow injury in 2002. Pettitte's second tenure with the team lasted six seasons, interrupted by a one-year retirement in 2011, and also produced a fifth World Series championship in 2009. He retired after the 2013 season. Pettitte's pitching repertoire included a four-seam and cut fastball and several off-speed pitches such as a slider, curveball, and changeup. A left-handed pitcher, he had an exceptional pickoff move to first base, which allowed him to record 98 career pickoffs. Among Yankees pitchers, Pettitte ranks first in strikeouts (2,020), third in wins (219), and tied for first in games started (438). He won the most games of any pitcher in the 2000s. The Yankees retired his uniform number 46 and dedicated a plaque to him in Monument Park in 2015. Early life Pettitte was born on June 15, 1972, in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. He is of Italian and Cajun descent, and the younger of two children born to Tommy and JoAnn Pettitte. He moved to Texas while in the third grade. Pettitte attended Deer Park High School in Deer Park, Texas, where he pitched for the school's baseball team. His fastball ranged from between . Pettitte also played center and nose guard for the school's football team. College career Recruited by San Jacinto College North in Houston, Texas, he opted to play college baseball when coach Wayne Graham compared him to Roger Clemens. Professional career Draft and minor leagues The Yankees selected Pettitte in the 22nd round, with the 594th overall selection, of the 1990 Major League Baseball draft. As Pettitte enrolled in a junior college rather than a four-year school, the Yankees retained the right to sign him as a draft-and-follow prospect. On May 25, 1991, he signed with", "title": "Andy Pettitte" }, { "docid": "23104889", "text": "The 2009 American League Division Series (ALDS) consisted of two concurrent best-of-five game series that determined the participating teams in the 2009 American League Championship Series. Three divisional winners and a \"wild card\" team played in the two series. The ALDS began on Wednesday, October 7, 2009, and ended on Sunday, October 11, 2009. The matchups were: (1) New York Yankees (East division champions, 103–59) vs. (3) Minnesota Twins (Central division champions, 87–76): Yankees win series, 3–0. (2) Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim (West division champions, 97–65) vs. (4) Boston Red Sox (Wild Card qualifier, 95–67): Angels win series, 3–0. The Twins and Detroit Tigers finished the 162-game schedule in a first-place tie atop the American League Central and played a one-game playoff at the Metrodome on Tuesday, October 6, 2009, that was won by the Twins, 6–5, in 12 innings, giving them the division championship and a postseason berth. The Yankees, by virtue of finishing with the best record in the American League, were given the choice of playing an eight-day series (with three off-days) or a seven-day series (with two off-days) and opted for the former. This is the third consecutive season—and the fourth since 2004—that the Angels and Red Sox have met in the ALDS. The Red Sox swept the Angels in 2004 and 2007, and defeated the Angels 3–1 in 2008. The Twins and Yankees last met in the postseason in the 2004 ALDS, which the Yankees won 3–1. The Angels and Yankees each swept their respective series in three games. Since the advent of division series play in 1995, this was the first time that the winners of both divisional series swept their opponents (Royals and Orioles swept both of their ALDS series in 2014, defeating the Angels and Tigers respectively). The Yankees went on to defeat the Angels 4–2 in the ALCS, and defeated the Philadelphia Phillies 4–2 to win the 2009 World Series. Game 3 of the Twins–Yankees series was the final Major League Baseball game at the Metrodome, as the Twins moved into their new home stadium, Target Field, starting with the 2010 season. TBS carried the tie breaker game and also televised all Division Series games in the United States. Matchups New York Yankees vs. Minnesota Twins Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim vs. Boston Red Sox New York vs. Minnesota Game 1 In the first postseason game at the new Yankee Stadium, the Yankees rebounded from an early 2–0 deficit to take the first game of the series, 7–2, behind a strong outing from CC Sabathia and timely hitting by Derek Jeter, Nick Swisher, Alex Rodriguez, and Hideki Matsui. The Twins opened the scoring in the third by stringing together three consecutive two-out hits, including an RBI single by Michael Cuddyer. One batter later, a passed ball by Jorge Posada enabled Joe Mauer to score from third, giving the Twins a 2–0 lead. The Yankees answered in the bottom of the inning when Jeter smashed a two-run home run into the", "title": "2009 American League Division Series" }, { "docid": "58720553", "text": "The 2018 Major League Baseball postseason was the playoff tournament of Major League Baseball for the 2018 season. The winners of the Division Series would move on to the League Championship Series to determine the pennant winners that face each other in the World Series. In the American League, the Boston Red Sox and Cleveland Indians made their third straight appearances, the Houston Astros and New York Yankees made their second straight appearances, and the Oakland Athletics made their fourth appearance in the past seven years. This postseason was notable for being the first in which the American League had three teams that won at least 100 games or more in the regular season. In the National League, the Los Angeles Dodgers made their sixth straight postseason appearance, the Colorado Rockies made their second straight appearance, the Chicago Cubs made their fourth straight appearance, the Atlanta Braves made their first appearance since 2013, and the Milwaukee Brewers made their first appearance since 2011. The postseason began on October 2, and ended on October 28, with the Red Sox defeating the Dodgers in five games in the 2018 World Series. It was the ninth title won by the Red Sox organization, tying the Oakland Athletics for the third most World Series championships. Playoff seeds The following teams qualified for the postseason: American League Boston Red Sox – AL East champions, AL best record, MLB best record, 108–54 Houston Astros – AL West champions, 103–59 Cleveland Indians – AL Central champions, 91–71 New York Yankees – 100–62 Oakland Athletics – 97–65 National League Milwaukee Brewers – NL Central champions, NL best record, 96–67 Los Angeles Dodgers – NL West champions, 92–71 Atlanta Braves – NL East champions, 90–72 Chicago Cubs – 95–68 Colorado Rockies – 91–72 Playoff bracket American League Wild Card (4) New York Yankees vs. (5) Oakland Athletics This was the fourth postseason meeting between the Athletics and Yankees. The Yankees had won the previous three meetings (1981, 2000, 2001). The Yankees defeated the Athletics 7–2 to advance to the ALDS for the second year in a row. National League Wild Card (4) Chicago Cubs vs. (5) Colorado Rockies The Rockies upset the Cubs in a 13-inning duel, 2–1, to advance to the NLDS for the first time since 2009. American League Division Series (1) Boston Red Sox vs. (4) New York Yankees This was the fourth postseason meeting in the history of the Yankees-Red Sox rivalry. They had last met in the 2004 ALCS, where the Red Sox became the first team in MLB history to win a series after facing a 3–0 series deficit. The Red Sox again defeated the Yankees to advance to the ALCS for the first time since 2013. The Red Sox took Game 1 by one run, but the Yankees evened the series with a 6–2 victory in Game 2. Game 3 was the most notable matchup of the series, as the Red Sox blew out the Yankees 16–1 in Yankee Stadium, handing the", "title": "2018 Major League Baseball postseason" }, { "docid": "19084636", "text": "The 2009 New York Yankees season was the 107th season for the New York Yankees franchise. The Yankees opened their new Yankee Stadium on April 3, 2009, when they hosted an exhibition game against the Chicago Cubs. The new stadium hosted its first regular season game on April 16, when the team played against the Cleveland Indians and their first playoff game against the Minnesota Twins in the ALDS on October 7, 2009. The Yankees swept the Twins in three games to win the divisional series. They won their 40th American League pennant on October 25, defeating the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim in 6 games to advance to the World Series, where they defeated the defending World Series champion Philadelphia Phillies in six games to win their 27th World Series title on November 4. The Yankees finished the regular season with 103 wins and 59 losses. Offseason Passing of control George Steinbrenner stepped down as the main decision maker for the team on November 20, as Major League Baseball's owners approved passing control to his youngest son, 39-year-old Hal Steinbrenner. The patriarch of the Yankees success over three and a half decades since buying the team from CBS in 1973 had been in failing health, and had been reducing his role in the ownership the last several seasons. Despite his limited role, he remained as a team chairman with his two sons until his death on July 13, 2010. Offseason departures After the Yankees failed to make the playoffs for the first time since 1993, General Manager Brian Cashman made clear that there would be offseason changes. Mike Mussina retired from baseball on November 20, 2008. Infielder Wilson Betemit was traded to the Chicago White Sox in a trade for Nick Swisher on November 13, 2008. The Yankees declined options on first baseman Jason Giambi and starting pitcher Carl Pavano. Giambi went on to sign a one-year deal with the Oakland Athletics on January 1, 2009, and Pavano signed a one-year deal with the Cleveland Indians on January 6, 2009. Right fielder Bobby Abreu signed a one-year contract with the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, and catcher Iván Rodríguez signed a one-year pact with the Houston Astros. From those departures, the Yankees shed nearly $89 million from their payroll, enabling them to spend money to fix their team. Furthermore, the Yankees non-tendered the contracts of Chris Britton and Justin Christian, allowing them to become free agents; Britton signed a minor league deal with the San Diego Padres and Christian signed a minor league deal with the Baltimore Orioles. Offseason acquisitions The Yankees began retooling the team, when they acquired first baseman/outfielder Nick Swisher, along with relief prospect Kanekoa Texeira, from the Chicago White Sox for infielder Wilson Betemit, relief prospect Jhonny Núñez and starting pitching prospect Jeff Marquez. On December 18, 2008, the Yankees announced the signings of starting pitchers CC Sabathia to a 7-year deal worth $161 million and A. J. Burnett to a 5-year deal worth $82.5", "title": "2009 New York Yankees season" } ]	[ { "docid": "1332295", "text": "The 1961 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 1961 season. The 58th edition of the World Series, it was a best-of-seven playoff that matched the American League (AL) champion New York Yankees (109–53) against the National League (NL) champion Cincinnati Reds (93–61). The Yankees won in five games to earn their 19th championship in 39 seasons. Yankees pitcher Whitey Ford was named the World Series Most Valuable Player, having won two games while throwing 14 scoreless innings. This World Series was surrounded by Cold War political puns pitting the \"Reds\" against the \"Yanks.\" The louder buzz concerned the \"M&M Boys\", Yankees hitters Roger Maris and Mickey Mantle, who had spent the season pursuing Babe Ruth's single-season home run record set in 1927; Mantle finished with 54 while Maris set the record of 61 on the last day of the season. The Yankees were under the leadership of first-year manager Ralph Houk, who had succeeded Casey Stengel. The Yankees won the AL pennant, finishing eight games better than the Detroit Tigers. The Yankees also set an MLB record for most home runs in a season with 240. Along with Maris and Mantle, four other Yankees, Yogi Berra, Elston Howard, Bill Skowron, and Johnny Blanchard, hit more than 20 home runs. The pitching staff was led by the Cy Young Award-winner Ford (25–4, 3.21 earned run average). The underdog Reds, skippered by Fred Hutchinson, finished four games ahead of the Los Angeles Dodgers in the NL and boasted four 20-plus home run hitters of their own: NL MVP Frank Robinson, Gordy Coleman, Gene Freese and Wally Post. The second-base, shortstop, and catcher positions were platooned, while center fielder Vada Pinson led the league in hits with 208 and finished second in batting with a .343 average. Joey Jay (21–10, 3.53) led the staff, along with Jim O'Toole and Bob Purkey. Ford left the sixth inning of Game 4 due to an injured ankle. He set the record for consecutive scoreless innings during World Series play with 32, when, during the third inning he passed the previous record holder, Babe Ruth, who had pitched consecutive scoreless innings for the Boston Red Sox in and . Ford would extend that record to in the 1962 World Series. The 1961 five-game series was the shortest since , when the New York Giants swept the Cleveland Indians in four games. These two teams would meet again 15 years later in the 1976 World Series, which the Reds would win in a four-game sweep. Summary Matchups Game 1 At Yankee Stadium, Whitey Ford tossed his third straight World Series shutout. A fourth-inning shot into the lower right-field stands by Elston Howard was all Ford would need. Moose Skowron added a sixth-inning shot into the lower left-field to make it 2–0. The two-hour, 11-minute game featured only two hits by the Reds, a first-inning single to left by Eddie Kasko and a fifth-inning single by Wally Post. The only other Reds baserunner was", "title": "1961 World Series" }, { "docid": "1332356", "text": "The 1937 World Series featured the defending champion New York Yankees and the New York Giants in a rematch of the 1936 Series. The Yankees won in five games, for their second championship in a row and their sixth in 15 years (1923, 1927–28, 1932, 1936). This was the Yankees' third Series win over the Giants (1923, 1936), finally giving them an overall edge in Series wins over the Giants with three Fall Classic wins to the Giants' two (after they lost the and 1922 Series to the Giants). Currently (), the St. Louis Cardinals are the only \"Classic Eight\" National League (1900–1961) team to hold a Series edge over the Bronx Bombers, with three wins to the Yankees' two. The 1937 victory by the Yankees also broke a three-way tie among themselves, the Philadelphia Athletics and the Boston Red Sox for the most World Series wins all-time (five each). By the time the Athletics and Red Sox each won their sixth World Series (in 1972 and 2004, respectively), the Yankees had far outpaced both teams in world championships with 20 in 1972 and 26 in 2004. The 1937 Series was the first in which a team (in this case, the Yankees) did not commit a single error, handling 179 total chances (132 putouts, 47 assists) perfectly. Game 4 ended with the final World Series innings ever pitched by Hall of Famer Carl Hubbell, who during the ninth inning gave up Hall of Famer Lou Gehrig's final Series home run. Summary Matchups Game 1 The Series opener was a battle of aces, as the Giants sent their \"Mealticket\", screwballer Carl Hubbell, who had won 22 games during the season, to the mound against the Bombers' Lefty Gomez, who had won 21. Hubbell and Gomez matched zeroes until the top of the fifth inning, when Jimmy Ripple singled, moved to third on another single by Johnny McCarthy, and scored the only Giant run of the game when Gus Mancuso hit into a double play. Hubbell kept the Yankees at bay in the bottom half of the inning, but the wheels came off for him in the sixth. A walk and two singles loaded the bases with one out before Joe DiMaggio's two-run single put the Yankees up 2–1. An intentional walk reloaded the bases before Bill Dickey's RBI single increased the lead to 3-1, then George Selkirk's two-run single following a force out at home chased King Carl. An error on Tony Lazzeri's ground ball made it 6–1 Yankees, then Giant pitcher Dick Coffman issued two walks, including one to Red Rolfe that forced in a run before DiMaggio flew out to end the inning. Tony Lazzeri added a home run in the eighth inning off Al Smith, while Gomez stymied the Giants, holding them to one run and six hits in a complete game, 8–1 victory for a 1–0 Yankee lead in the Series. Game 2 For Game 2, the Yankees started veteran Red Ruffing against Giant rookie Cliff Melton.", "title": "1937 World Series" }, { "docid": "1272339", "text": "The 1956 World Series of Major League Baseball was played between the New York Yankees of the American League and the defending champion Brooklyn Dodgers of the National League in October 1956. The series was a rematch of the 1955 World Series. It was the final Subway Series in the Fall Classic until 44 years later in 2000, as the Dodgers and the New York Giants moved to California following the 1957 season. Additionally, it was the last time a New York City team represented the National League in a World Series until 1969, when the New York Mets defeated the Baltimore Orioles in five games. The Yankees won the series in seven games, capturing their 17th championship. Brooklyn won Games 1 and 2, but New York pitchers threw five consecutive complete games (Games 3–7) to cap off the comeback. The highlight was Don Larsen's perfect game in Game 5. Larsen was named the Series MVP for his achievement. The Dodgers scored 19 runs in the first two games, but only six in the remaining five games, with just one in the final three games. This was the last World Series to date not to have scheduled off days (although Game 2 was postponed a day due to rain). As of March 2020, four original television broadcasts from this series (Game 2 partial, Games 3 and 5 complete, Game 7 partial) had been released on DVD. Summary †: postponed from October 4 due to rain Matchups Game 1 Three batters into the game, the Yankees led 2–0 on a Mickey Mantle home run. Brooklyn struck back with a Jackie Robinson homer in the second inning and a three-run Gil Hodges shot in the third, then won behind Sal Maglie's complete game. Game 2 Neither starting pitcher survived the second inning, Don Newcombe giving up a Yogi Berra grand slam, and Don Larsen giving up four unearned runs. Little-known pitcher Don Bessent worked the final seven innings for the win. Game 2 set a number of peculiar records in World Series history, which are either matched or comparable with similar World Series records and performances, in limited instances: Game 2 is the first of three World Series games in history in which a grand slam-hitting team failed to win the game. The 1988 Oakland Athletics would produce a grand slam in Game 1, lose that game, and furthermore lose that series. The 2021 Atlanta Braves benefited from a first-inning grand slam in Game 5 but lost the game; the Braves recovered to clinch the series in six games. The number of Yankee runs put up in the game, eight, is the largest number of runs accumulated in a World Series game, by a team which lost the game, yet went on to win the series. This record is shared in common only with Game 3 of 1947, also a Yankee/Dodgers series. The combined run count of both teams in the game, 21, is the largest such combined run count between two", "title": "1956 World Series" }, { "docid": "1332170", "text": "The 1941 World Series matched the New York Yankees against the Brooklyn Dodgers, with the Yankees winning in five games to capture their fifth title in six years, and their ninth overall. The name \"Subway Series\" arose for a World Series played between two New York City teams. The series was punctuated by the Dodgers' Mickey Owen's dropped third strike of a sharply breaking curveball (a suspected spitball) pitched by Hugh Casey in the ninth inning of Game 4. The play led to a Yankees rally and brought them one win away from another championship. The Yankees were back after a one-year hiatus, having won 13 of their last 14 Series games and 28 of their last 31. This was the first Subway Series between the Brooklyn Dodgers and New York Yankees (though the Yankees had already faced the crosstown New York Giants five times). These two teams would meet a total of seven times from 1941 to 1956 — the Dodgers' only victory coming in 1955 — with an additional four matchups after the Dodgers left for Los Angeles, most recently in 1981. Summary †: postponed from October 3 due to rain Matchups Game 1 Joe Gordon's home run in the second inning off of Curt Davis put the Yankees up 1–0. In the fourth inning, Charlie Keller walked with two outs and scored on Bill Dickey's double to extend the lead to 2–0. The Dodgers cut it to 2–1 in the fifth inning when Pee Wee Reese singled with two outs off of Red Ruffing and scored on Mickey Owen's triple. In the sixth inning, after a one-out walk and single, Gordon's RBI single made it 3–1 Yankees. After a single and error, pinch-hitter Lew Riggs' single scored Cookie Lavagetto in the seventh inning as the Dodgers pulled to within 3–2. Then they threatened in the ninth inning with hits by Joe Medwick and Pee Wee Reese, before Ruffing was able to get Herman Franks to ground into a game-ending 4-6-3 double play. Game 2 The Yankees struck first in Game 2 on Spud Chandler's RBI single in the second with runners on second and third, but Joe Gordon was thrown out at home trying to score to end the inning. Next inning, Charlie Keller's RBI single with two on made it 2–0 Yankees. In the fifth, the Dodgers loaded the bases off of Chandler with no outs on a double and two walks when Pee Wee Reese's sacrifice fly and Mickey Owen's RBI single tied the game. Next inning, an error and single put two on with no outs off of Chandler, then Dolph Camilli's single off relief pitcher Johnny Murphy in the sixth put the Dodgers up 3–2. Wyatt gave up a pinch single to George Selkirk leading off the ninth, but nailed down a complete-game victory. Game 3 With the veteran Freddie Fitzsimmons dueling young southpaw Marius Russo, there was no score into the top of the seventh. With two outs, Russo lined a drive", "title": "1941 World Series" }, { "docid": "71283305", "text": "The 2000 Major League Baseball postseason was the playoff tournament of Major League Baseball for the 2000 season. The winners of the League Division Series would move on to the League Championship Series to determine the pennant winners that face each other in the World Series. In the American League, the New York Yankees returned to the postseason for the sixth straight time, the Chicago White Sox made their second appearance in the last seven years, the Seattle Mariners returned for the third time in six years, and the Oakland Athletics returned for the third time in eleven years. In the National League, the Atlanta Braves made their ninth straight appearance in the postseason, the St. Louis Cardinals and San Francisco Giants both returned for the second time in five years, and the New York Mets returned for the second straight year. This postseason was notable in that it was the first time that both #1 seeds from the American and National Leagues failed to make it past the LDS. The postseason began on October 3, 2000, and ended on October 26, 2000, with the Yankees defeating the Mets in five games in the 2000 World Series, also known as the \"Subway Series\" as both teams were from New York City. The Yankees completed a three-peat and won their 26th title in franchise history. Playoff seeds The following teams qualified for the post-season: American League Chicago White Sox – AL Central champions, AL best record, 95–67 Oakland Athletics – AL West champions, 91–70 New York Yankees – AL East champions, 87–74 Seattle Mariners – 91–71 National League San Francisco Giants – NL West champions, NL best record, MLB best record, 97–65 St. Louis Cardinals – NL Central champions, 95–67 (4–3 head-to-head record vs. ATL) Atlanta Braves – NL East champions, 95–67 (3–4 head-to-head record vs. STL) New York Mets – 94–68 Playoff bracket American League Division Series (1) Chicago White Sox vs. (4) Seattle Mariners The Mariners upset the top-seeded White Sox in a sweep to return to the ALCS for the first time since 1995. The Mariners, on the road, took Game 1 in extra innings to secure the home field advantage, then stole Game 2 to go back to Seattle one game away from the ALCS. The Mariners narrowly defeated the White Sox by one run to advance to the next round. This was the last postseason appearance by the White Sox until 2005, where they went on to win the World Series. (2) Oakland Athletics vs. (3) New York Yankees This was the first postseason meeting between these two teams since the 1981 ALCS, which the Yankees won in a sweep en route to the World Series. The Yankees once again defeated the Athletics, this time in five games, to return to the ALCS for the fourth time in five years. These two teams would meet again in the ALDS next year, which the Yankees also won. National League Division Series (1) San Francisco Giants vs. (4)", "title": "2000 Major League Baseball postseason" }, { "docid": "12190686", "text": "The 1946 Boston Red Sox season was the 46th season in the franchise's Major League Baseball history. The Red Sox finished first in the American League (AL) with a record of 104 wins and 50 losses. This was the team's sixth AL championship, and their first since 1918. In the 1946 World Series, the Red Sox lost to the National League (NL) champion St. Louis Cardinals, whose winning run in the seventh game was scored on Enos Slaughter's famous \"Mad Dash\". Regular season Overview The 1946 Red Sox were led by their All-Star left fielder, Ted Williams, who was in his first year back in the majors after serving as a fighter pilot in World War II. 1946 was Ted Williams first of two MVP seasons, and the only time he ever won a pennant. He was among the league leaders in many offensive categories, with a batting average of .342, 38 home runs and 123 runs batted in. On April 24, the Red Sox were 6–3, 1 game behind the Yankees and tied for second with the defending world series champion Tigers. Then, from April 25 through May 10, they won 15 games in a row, beating the Yankees twice and sweeping the Tigers in a three-game series. Over this stretch Ted Williams had a batting average of .442, with 4 home runs and 17 runs batted in. On May 10 the Red Sox were 21–3 and leading the American League, 5.5 games ahead of the Yankees and 8 games ahead of the Tigers. This was their biggest lead in 28 seasons, since winning their last pennant in 1918. The fans took notice as the Red Sox had their highest attendance ever, nearly doubling their previous record. For the first time in Fenway Park history the Red Sox were averaging over 10,000 fans per game, averaging 18,166 fans per game throughout 1946. The Red Sox never turned back, winning 12 straight decisions from May 29 through June 11, including their second three-game sweep of the Tigers. On June 11, the Red Sox were 41–9, 10 games ahead of the Yankees. From June 5 through July 21, in 48 games, Ted Williams had a batting average of .399, with 18 home runs and 52 runs batted in. The Red Sox swept the Tigers for the third time that year on July 11–13. On July 14, Williams hit three home runs in a game. The Red Sox swept their rivals, the Yankees, in a double-header at Yankee Stadium on September 2, expanding their lead to 15.5 games ahead of the Yankees and 18 games ahead of the Tigers. The Red Sox clinched the American League pennant on September 13. It was their first pennant since 1918, when they won the World Series. The Red Sox ended the season 12 games ahead of the Tigers and 17 games ahead of the Yankees. The Red Sox played a three-game series against an American League all star team following the end of the regular", "title": "1946 Boston Red Sox season" }, { "docid": "71273601", "text": "The 1977 Major League Baseball postseason was the playoff tournament of Major League Baseball for the 1977 season. The winners of each division advance to the postseason and face each other in a League Championship Series to determine the pennant winners that face each other in the World Series. In the American League, both the New York Yankees and the Kansas City Royals returned for the second year in a row. In the National League, the Philadelphia Phillies made their second consecutive appearance, and the Los Angeles Dodgers returned for the second time in four years. This was the first of two consecutive postseasons to feature the Yankees, Royals, Phillies, and Dodgers. The former three teams would again appear in the postseason in 1980, and all four would appear again in the expanded 1981 postseason. The playoffs began on October 4, 1977, and concluded on October 18, 1977, with the New York Yankees defeating the Los Angeles Dodgers in the 1977 World Series. It was the Yankees' first championship since 1962. Playoff seeds The following teams qualified for the postseason: American League New York Yankees – AL East champions, 100–62 Kansas City Royals – AL West champions, 102–60 National League Philadelphia Phillies – NL East champions, 101–61 Los Angeles Dodgers – NL West champions, 98–64 Playoff bracket American League Championship Series Kansas City Royals vs. New York Yankees This was the second straight ALCS to feature the Yankees and Royals. The Yankees took the previous series in five games on a Chris Chambliss home run in the ninth inning of Game 5. The Yankees again defeated the Royals in 5 games to advance to the World Series for the second year in a row. Both teams split the first two games at Yankee Stadium - the Royals blew out the Yankees in Game 1 thanks to stellar pitching from starting pitcher Paul Splittorff and closer Doug Bird. In Game 2, the Yankees evened the series with a 6-2 victory as starting pitcher Ron Guidry pitched a complete game. When the series moved to Kansas City, Royals' starter Dennis Leonard pitched a four-hit complete game as the Royals won 6-2, and were now one win away from clinching their first World Series berth in front of their home fans. However, the Yankees narrowly took Game 4 as they held off a late rally by the Royals. In Game 5, the Royals held a 3-2 lead going into the ninth, but the Yankees yet again defeated the Royals in their last at bat, scoring three unanswered runs to take the lead for good and secure the pennant. Both teams would meet again in the ALCS the next year, which the Yankees also won. It would be in 1980 that the Royals would finally break through against the Yankees. National League Championship Series Philadelphia Phillies vs. Los Angeles Dodgers This was the first postseason meeting between the Dodgers and Phillies. The Dodgers defeated the Phillies in four games to advance to the World", "title": "1977 Major League Baseball postseason" }, { "docid": "11455409", "text": "The 1927 New York Yankees season was the 25th season of the New York Yankees of the American League. The team finished with a record of 110–44–1, winning their fifth pennant and finishing 19 games ahead of the Philadelphia Athletics and were tied for first or better for the whole season. New York was managed by Miller Huggins, and played at Yankee Stadium. They won the 1927 World Series, sweeping the Pittsburgh Pirates. This Yankees team was known for its feared lineup, which was nicknamed \"Murderers' Row\", and is widely considered to be the greatest baseball team in MLB history. Regular season The Yankees' 110 victories broke the previous American League mark of 105 (set by the 1912 Boston Red Sox) and would stand as the American League single-season record until it was broken by the Cleveland Indians in 1954. But counting their World Series sweep, the 1927 Yankees had a total record of 114–44 --- which is still the all-time highest single-season winning percentage (.721) in American League history. The 1998 Yankees, who also won their World Series in a sweep, are second with a full-season mark of 125-50 (.714). This was the first year the Yankees acknowledged their team nickname on their uniforms, albeit their road uniforms. Their home uniforms remained free of any kind of logo except for the \"NY\" on their caps. The roster included nine future Hall of Famers: Pitchers Herb Pennock and Waite Hoyt, Infielders Lou Gehrig and Tony Lazzeri, outfielders Babe Ruth and Earle Combs, Manager Miller Huggins, Team President Ed Barrow and Owner Colonel Jacob Ruppert. Babe Ruth With the race long since decided, the nation's attention turned to Babe Ruth's pursuit of his own home run mark of 59, set in 1921. Early in the season, Ruth expressed doubts about his chances: \"I don't suppose I'll ever break that 1921 record. To do that, you've got to start early, and the pitchers have got to pitch to you. I don't start early, and the pitchers haven't really pitched to me in four seasons. I get more bad balls to hit than any other five men...and fewer good ones.\" Ruth was also being challenged for his slugger's crown by teammate Lou Gehrig, who nudged ahead of Ruth's total in midseason, prompting the New York World-Telegram to anoint Gehrig the favorite. But Ruth caught Gehrig (who would finish with 47), and then had a remarkable last leg of the season, hitting 17 home runs in September. His 60th came on September 30, in the Yankees' next-to-last game against the Washington Senators at Yankee Stadium. Tied 2-2, he hit a 2-run home run in the bottom of the 8th inning off of Tom Zachary, where they won the game 4-2. Ruth was exultant, shouting after the game, \"Sixty, count 'em, sixty! Let's see some other son of a bitch match that!\" In later years, he would give Gehrig some credit: \"Pitchers began pitching to me because if they passed me they still had Lou", "title": "1927 New York Yankees season" }, { "docid": "1219555", "text": "The 1976 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 1976 season. The 73rd edition of the World Series, it was a best-of-seven playoff played between the National League (NL) champion Cincinnati Reds and the American League (AL) champion New York Yankees. The Reds swept the Series in four games to repeat as champions, avenging their 1939 and 1961 World Series losses to the Yankees. The 1976 Reds became, and remain, the only team to sweep an entire multi-tier postseason, one of the crowning achievements of the franchise's Big Red Machine era. They also became the third NL team (following the Chicago Cubs in 1907–08 and the New York Giants in 1921–22) to win consecutive World Series, and remain the last to do so. This was also the second time that the Yankees were swept in a World Series—the Los Angeles Dodgers were the first to sweep them in 1963. It was the first sweep of the World Series in ten years and the Reds' first; their next came fourteen years later in 1990. The Reds won the NL West division by ten games over the Dodgers, then defeated the Philadelphia Phillies in three straight games in the NL Championship Series, after losing seven of twelve to them during the regular season. The Yankees won the AL East division by games over the Baltimore Orioles, then defeated the Kansas City Royals in the deciding fifth game of the AL Championship Series. This World Series was the first in which the designated hitter rule, which had been introduced in the AL three years prior, was in effect; it was used for all games (for the first ten years, the use of the DH alternated; in even-numbered years, it was used in all games, in odd-numbered years, it was not used; starting in 1986, the DH was used only in games played at the AL representative's park). The use of the DH wound up benefiting the Reds, who were able to get utility infielder Dan Driessen's bat in the lineup. Driessen hit .357 with one home run. Elliott Maddox, Carlos May, and Lou Piniella shared the role for the Yankees. Game 1, played at Cincinnati's Riverfront Stadium, marked the first time the DH was used in a NL ballpark. Game 2, also at Riverfront Stadium, was the first World Series weekend game to be scheduled at night. Reds catcher Johnny Bench was named the World Series MVP. Bench batted .533 with 8 hits, 6 RBIs and two home runs and also scored 4 runs. Background After spending the last two years sharing home field with the New York Mets at Shea Stadium, the 1976 New York Yankees returned home to a rebuilt and modified Yankee Stadium. George Steinbrenner had now owned the team for four years, since 1973, with Billy Martin serving the first of his five stints as manager since 1975. General Manager Gabe Paul made numerous trades getting Mickey Rivers and Ed Figueroa from the Angels for", "title": "1976 World Series" }, { "docid": "9783596", "text": "The St. Louis Cardinals, a professional baseball franchise based in St. Louis, Missouri, compete in the National League (NL) of Major League Baseball (MLB). Founded in 1882 as a charter member of the American Association (AA), the team was originally named the Brown Stockings before it was shortened to Browns the next season. The team moved to the National League in 1892 when the AA folded. The club changed its name to the Perfectos for one season in 1899 and adopted the Cardinals name in 1900. The St. Louis Cardinals are tied with the Cincinnati Reds and Pittsburgh Pirates as the third-oldest continuously operated baseball team. In that time, the team has won 19 National League pennants and 11 World Series championships (most in the National League and second only to the New York Yankees, who have won 27). They also won four American Association pennants and one pre-World Series championship that Major League Baseball does not consider official. The Cardinals had six periods of continued success during their history. The first period occurred during the 1880s when the team won four consecutive American Association pennants from 1885–1888 while known as the Browns. The Cardinals next found success from 1926–1934 when they played in five World Series, winning three. During World War II the Cardinals won four NL pennants in five years from 1942–1946, including three World Series championships. During the 1960s the Cardinals won two World Series and played in another. In the 1980s the Cardinals played in three World Series, winning in 1982. Most recently, the Cardinals have made the playoffs nine times, winning seven NL Central titles and qualifying as a wild-card entrant in 2001, 2011 and 2012, winning the World Series in 2006 and 2011. The only extended period of failure the Cardinals have experienced began when they joined the National League in 1892. The Cardinals played only five winning seasons in 30 years while finishing last seven times from their entrance to the NL until 1921. However, the Cardinals have remarkably avoided such failure since then as they have not finished in last place in the National League since 1918, by far the longest streak in the NL. Like the Yankees and Dodgers, the Cardinals have never lost 100 games in a season since World War I. The Cardinals failed to reach the World Series in the 1950s, 1970s, and 1990s, but were regularly a competitive team in each of these decades. Year by year All-time records Record by decade The following table describes the Cardinals' regular season MLB win–loss record by decade. These statistics are from Baseball-Reference.com's St. Louis Cardinals History & Encyclopedia, and are current through the 2022 season. Footnotes The current variations of the Cardinals, Reds, and Pirates all began playing in 1882. The two older clubs are the Atlanta Braves, who were founded in 1871 in Boston, and the Chicago Cubs, who have played continuously since 1874. The Cardinals did finish in last place of the NL East in 1990. However,", "title": "List of St. Louis Cardinals seasons" }, { "docid": "1332276", "text": "The 1938 World Series was the championship series in Major League Baseball for the 1938 season. The 35th edition of the World Series, it matched the two-time defending champion New York Yankees against the Chicago Cubs. The Yankees swept the Series in four games for their seventh championship overall and record third straight (they would win four in a row from to , and five in a row later from to ). Dizzy Dean, who had helped carry the Cubs to the National League pennant despite a sore arm, ran out of gas in the Series as the Yanks crushed the Cubs again, as they had in . Yankee starting pitcher Red Ruffing won two games, although he allowed 17 hits in 18 innings pitched. After Game 2 of the Series, the Bronx Bombers would not return to Wrigley Field for nearly 65 years until a three-game interleague series with the Cubs beginning June 6, 2003. This was the first World Series played at Wrigley Field following the bleacher reconstruction of 1937, which had significantly shortened the left-center field power alley. Summary Matchups Game 1 Game 1 of the Series matched the Yankees' Red Ruffing, who had won 21 games during the season, against the Cubs' 22-game winner Bill Lee. In the top of the second inning, Lou Gehrig walked and moved to third on a single by Bill Dickey. George Selkirk then reached on an error by Cub second baseman Billy Herman scoring Gehrig, and Joe Gordon drove Dickey in with a single for a 2–0 Bomber lead. In the bottom of the third, the Cubs cut the lead in half when Ripper Collins singled to lead off and moved to second on a groundout by Lee. Stan Hack's single to right scored Collins, Hack taking second on the throw home. But when he attempted to score on an infield single by Herman, he was gunned down at home. The top of the sixth saw New York extend its lead to 3–1 when Tommy Henrich belted a double to right and scored on a Dickey single. The Cubs could muster nothing further off Ruffing, who scattered nine hits over the course of the game, and the Yankees held on for the win and a 1–0 lead in the Series. Game 2 Game 2 pitted the Yankees' Lefty Gomez against former St. Louis Cardinals ace Dizzy Dean, who had been traded to Chicago in April and won seven of his eight regular-season wins for his new team on finesse after having lost his fastball by changing his pitching motion to avoid putting weight on the toe he had fractured during the 1937 All-Star Game (on a low line drive back to the mound by Earl Averill). Game 2 of the 1938 Series thus became known as \"Ol' Diz's Last Stand\". The Cubs gave Dean a 1–0 lead in the bottom of the first inning when Hack singled, advanced to third on a single by Frank Demaree and scored on Joe", "title": "1938 World Series" }, { "docid": "1218039", "text": "The 1981 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 1981 season. The 78th edition of the World Series, it was a best-of-seven playoff played between the American League (AL) champion New York Yankees and the National League (NL) champion Los Angeles Dodgers. It marked their third Series meeting in five years and was their 11th overall Series meeting. The Dodgers won the Series in six games, as the Yankees had done in the teams' prior two Series meetings, in and . This was the Dodgers' first title since , their first victory over the Yankees since , and third overall Series win over the Yankees. This is the most recent World Series that a team won after losing the first two games on the road, the next previous instance being the Yankees' victory over the Dodgers in the 1978 World Series. This was the last meeting between teams from New York City and Los Angeles for a major professional sports championship until the Los Angeles Kings and New York Rangers reached the NHL's 2014 Stanley Cup Finals. This remains the most recent meeting between the Dodgers and the Yankees in the World Series, which has been the most frequent matchup in World Series history. Background Due to the players' strike, which ran from June 12 to August 8, the 1981 season was split into two halves, with the first-place teams from each half in each division (or a wild card team if the same club won both halves, although this did not occur in any division) meeting in the best-of-five League Division Series (this division series was a one-off occasion; it was not until 1994 that the Division Series would be implemented on a permanent basis). The four survivors would then move on to the two best-of-five League Championship Series. The expanded playoffs led to Game 1 of the World Series being pushed back to October 20, the latest starting date for a Fall Classic up to that time. In the National League, the Dodgers led the National League West prior to the strike. The Houston Astros, however, won the second-half division title. The Dodgers then defeated the Astros, three games to two, in the National League Division Series before beating the Montreal Expos, three games to two, in the National League Championship Series. The Yankees, who led the American League East in the season's first half, took on the Milwaukee Brewers, winners of the second half division title, in the American League Division Series. New York was victorious three games to two, then went on to sweep the Oakland Athletics in the American League Championship Series. The split-season decision was not a popular one, both among teams and their fans. The arrangement resulted in teams with the best overall record in either their division or league that year being left out of the postseason, in particular the Cincinnati Reds, who had the best overall record in the majors, and the St. Louis Cardinals, who finished", "title": "1981 World Series" }, { "docid": "877552", "text": "Scott David Brosius (born August 15, 1966) is an American former professional baseball third baseman for the Oakland Athletics (–) and the New York Yankees (–) of Major League Baseball (MLB). He was an MLB All-Star in 1998 and won a Gold Glove Award in 1999. Brosius was a member of three consecutive World Series champions with the Yankees from 1998 to 2000 and won the World Series Most Valuable Player Award in 1998. Early life Brosius grew up in Milwaukie, Oregon, where he attended Rex Putnam High School before going to Linfield College. He was drafted by the Oakland Athletics in the 20th round of the 1987 amateur draft and signed on June 9, 1987. Career Oakland Athletics (1991–1997) Brosius became one of the few players to hit a home run in his first major league game, on August 7, 1991. Brosius was the A's starting third baseman through the mid-1990s, although he played almost 300 games in his Oakland career at other positions, primarily in the outfield. In , he batted .304 with 22 home runs, his best year with Oakland; however, his performance declined in 1997 when he finished last in the majors (of those who qualified for the batting title) in batting average, on-base percentage, and slugging average. New York Yankees (1998–2001) After the 1997 season, the Athletics traded Brosius to the New York Yankees for Kenny Rogers. In his first season with the Yankees, Brosius batted .300 with 19 home runs and 98 RBIs. That season, he was selected to his only career All-Star Game. He hit .471 with two homers and six runs batted in the 1998 World Series, and won the World Series Most Valuable Player Award. He hit 2 home runs in Game 3 of the World Series, including one off of Padres closer Trevor Hoffman to give the Yankees a 5-3 lead in the 8th helping propel the Yankees to a 3-0 Series lead. Although his performance over the next three years did not match that of his 1998 season, he remained a perennial fan favorite in the Bronx; his workmanlike blue-collar approach and serviceable durability appealed to fans, teammates, and management alike. During his career with the Yankees, they won the American League pennant every year, from 1998 to 2001, as well as the World Series from 1998 to . He won a Gold Glove in . On July 18 of that year, against the Montreal Expos, Brosius caught Orlando Cabrera's foul popup for the final out of David Cone's perfect game. He was first among all AL third basemen in errors in 2001, with 22, and had the lowest fielding percentage in the league (.935). In one of the most dramatic, clutch moments of his career, Brosius hit a two-out, two-run home run in the bottom of the ninth inning of Game 5 of the 2001 World Series against the Arizona Diamondbacks to tie the game and set up an extra-inning Yankees win. The previous night, New York first", "title": "Scott Brosius" }, { "docid": "12937355", "text": "The 1977 Major League Baseball All-Star Game was the 48th playing of the midsummer classic between the all-stars of the American League (AL) and National League (NL), the two leagues comprising Major League Baseball. The game was held on July 19, 1977, at Yankee Stadium in The Bronx, New York City, the home of the New York Yankees of the American League. The game resulted in the National League defeating the American League 7–5. The host Yankees won the World Series; the third time in history that a team hosting the All-Star Game would win the World Series in the same year. As of 2021, the 1977 Yankees were the last team to accomplish this. The previous teams to accomplish this were the 1939 New York Yankees and the 1959 Los Angeles Dodgers. Since 1977, this would have happened two other times, with the 2020 Los Angeles Dodgers, but the All-Star Game was canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and the 2021 Atlanta Braves, but the All-Star Game was moved to Denver. This was Yankee Stadium's third time as host of the All-Star Game, and it would be its last until 2008; the last year of the park's use by the Yankees. Rosters Players in italics have since been inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame. National League American League Game Umpires Starting lineups Game summary The National League started with Joe Morgan blasting American League starter Jim Palmer's sixth pitch into Yankee Stadium's \"short porch\" in right field. After Steve Garvey struck out, Dave Parker followed with a single and scored on a double by George Foster. After Palmer wild-pitched Foster to third, Greg Luzinski made it 4–0 with a two-run homer. Steve Garvey then sent Palmer to the showers in the third with a homer to make it 5–0 in favor of the NL. Meanwhile, National League starter Don Sutton cruised along with three shutout innings and Gary Lavelle added two more in the fourth and fifth. The American League first scored off of Tom Seaver in the sixth as Rod Carew led off with a single and went to second when Seaver stopped a lightning-fast shot up the middle hit by Willie Randolph. Seaver recovered to retire Randolph and retired George Brett, but then walked Fred Lynn and surrendered a two-run double to Richie Zisk. Seaver allowed the AL another run in the seventh when Butch Wynegar led off with a single, took second when Graig Nettles reached on an error, and scored on a single by Randolph. The National League got their final runs in the eighth when Dave Winfield hit a two-run single off Sparky Lyle. George Scott hit a two-run homer in the ninth for the AL off Rich Gossage for the final margin. Footnotes and references External links Baseball-Reference.com Lineups, boxscore, and more Major League Baseball All-Star Game Major League Baseball All-Star Game Baseball in New York City Sports in the Bronx Major League Baseball All-Star Sports competitions in New York City", "title": "1977 Major League Baseball All-Star Game" }, { "docid": "71288581", "text": "The 2004 Major League Baseball postseason was the playoff tournament of Major League Baseball for the 2004 season. The winners of the League Division Series would move on to the League Championship Series to determine the pennant winners that face each other in the World Series. In the American League, the New York Yankees made their tenth straight postseason appearance, the Minnesota Twins returned for the third straight year, the Anaheim Angels returned for the second time in three years, and the Boston Red Sox returned for the second straight year. In the National League, the St. Louis Cardinals returned for the fourth time in five years, the Atlanta Braves made their thirteenth straight appearance, the Houston Astros returned for the second time in four years, and the Los Angeles Dodgers made their first appearance of the new Millennium. The postseason began on October 5, 2004, and ended on October 27, 2004, with the Red Sox sweeping the Cardinals in the 2004 World Series. It was the Red Sox's first title since 1918, ending the Curse of the Bambino. Playoff seeds The following teams qualified for the postseason: American League New York Yankees – AL East champions, 101–61 Anaheim Angels – AL West champions, 92–70 (5–4 head-to-head record vs. MIN) Minnesota Twins – AL Central champions, 92–70 (4–5 head-to-head record vs. ANA) Boston Red Sox – 98–64 National League St. Louis Cardinals – NL Central champions, 105–57 Atlanta Braves – NL East champions, 96–66 Los Angeles Dodgers – NL West champions, 93–69 Houston Astros – 92–70 Playoff bracket 2004 was the last postseason until 2020 where both LCS went to 7 games. Bracket Note: Two teams in the same division could not meet in the division series. American League Division Series (1) New York Yankees vs. (3) Minnesota Twins In a rematch of the previous year's series, the Yankees once again defeated the Twins to return to the ALCS for the seventh time in the past nine years. The Twins stole Game 1 at Yankee Stadium, however the Yankees would come back to win the next three games (two in extra innings) to advance to the next round. The Twins would not win another postseason game until 2023, in which they swept the Toronto Blue Jays in the American League Wild Card round. (2) Anaheim Angels vs. (4) Boston Red Sox This was the second postseason meeting between the Angels and Red Sox, the last time was in the 1986 ALCS, which the Red Sox won in seven games after being down 3–1 in the series. The Red Sox again defeated the Angels, this time in a sweep, to return to the ALCS for the second year in a row. This series was not close - the Red Sox blew out the Angels in Games 1 and 2 in Anaheim to take a 2–0 series lead going back to Fenway Park. Game 3 was the only close contest of the series, which was won by the Red Sox 8-6 after", "title": "2004 Major League Baseball postseason" }, { "docid": "15688055", "text": "The Boston Red Sox are a Major League Baseball (MLB) team based in Boston, Massachusetts. From to the present, the Red Sox have played in Fenway Park. The \"Red Sox\" name originates from the iconic uniform feature. They are sometimes nicknamed the \"BoSox\", a combination of \"Boston\" and \"Sox\" (as opposed to the \"ChiSox\"), the \"Crimson Hose\", and \"the Olde Towne Team\". Most fans simply refer to them as the Sox. One of the American League's eight charter franchises, the club was founded in Boston in . They were a dominant team in the early 20th century, defeating the Pittsburgh Pirates in the first World Series in . They won four more championships by , and then went into one of the longest championship droughts in baseball history. Many attributed the phenomenon to the \"Curse of the Bambino\" said to have been caused by the trade of Babe Ruth to the New York Yankees in . The drought was ended and the \"curse\" reversed in , when the team won their sixth World Series championship. Championships in and followed. Every home game from May 15, 2003, through April 10, 2013, was sold out—a span of 820 games over nearly ten years. The team most recently won the World Series in , the ninth championship in franchise history. Year by year Regular season record by decade The number of regular season games scheduled each season has varied over time, from as low as 140 to the current 162, which has been in place since 1961. Not all scheduled games are played each season, for reasons such as work stoppages or, infrequently, rained-out games that are not rescheduled. Prior to the delayed-start season, when teams played a reduced schedule of 60 games and only faced opponents within their own division, the most recent season during which the Red Sox did not play a full 162-game schedule was 2001, when they played 161 games. Updated through completion of the 2023 season. Source: All-time records Updated through completion of the 2023 season. Notes For all American League pennant winners see List of American League pennant winners The World Series was canceled after the New York Giants refused to play. The season was partially canceled due to a players' strike that lasted 50 days. See 1981 Major League Baseball strike. The season was partially canceled due to a players' strike that lasted 223 days. See 1994–95 Major League Baseball strike. The Red Sox finished 95–67 and with the same record as the New York Yankees, but since the Yankees had won the season series between the two teams, the Yankees were declared division winners and the Red Sox qualified for the postseason as the American League Wild Card. Total games count is the sum of wins and losses—consistent with major-league record keeping, tie games are excluded from team records and season standings although individual player statistics are counted. References External links Red Sox Year-By-Year Results at MLB.com Red Sox Postseason Results at MLB.com Boston Red", "title": "List of Boston Red Sox seasons" }, { "docid": "2256299", "text": "Eugene Richard Woodling (August 16, 1922 – June 2, 2001) was an American professional baseball player, coach and scout. He played in Major League Baseball as an outfielder between and , most prominently as a member of the New York Yankees dynasty that won five consecutive World Series championships between 1949 and 1953. Woodling was a left-handed batter known as a line drive hitter who hit over .300 five times during his 17-year career and, had a .318 batting average during his five World Series appearances. He excelled defensively, leading American League outfielders in fielding or tied for the lead four times, and never made more than three errors in a season during his tenure with the Yankees. Woodling also played for the Cleveland Indians, Pittsburgh Pirates, Baltimore Orioles, Washington Senators, and the New York Mets in their expansion year of 1962. His baseball career was interrupted by his military service in the United States Navy during the Second World War. After his playing career, he served several major league teams as a coach and a scout. Playing career Early career Woodling was born in Akron, Ohio where his father worked in a rubber factory. His professional baseball career began in 1940 in the Indians' organization. He missed the 1944 and 1945 seasons while serving in the United States Navy in the Pacific. Before coming to the majors for good in 1949, Woodling was a four-time minor league batting average champion. He mostly played left field (1,208 games) when he entered the majors, but appeared in 325 contests in right field and played 93 games in center. Yankees career Woodling played with six teams during his career, the longest term of service being with the Yankees for six years and 698 of the 1,763 games played of his MLB career. With them, Woodling had what was probably his best year, 1953. Although he only had 395 at bats, he led the American League with a .429 on-base percentage. While Woodling was with the Yankees, the team won five consecutive World Series (1949–53). During that time, Yankee manager Casey Stengel praised the outfielder's ability to run and throw. Stengel generally platooned him with right-hander Hank Bauer, but each averaged 400 at bats per season. Woodling hit a solo home run in each World Series from 1951 through 1953, and, in 1951, helped Allie Reynolds secure his first of two no-hitters on the season, when he homered in a 1–0 win over Bob Feller and the Indians. In 1952, Woodling became the first player to pinch-hit a triple in the World Series. On November 17, 1954, a record 17-player deal took place between the Orioles and Yankees, involving Woodling, future 20-game winner Bob Turley and Don Larsen, who would go on to pitch a perfect game in the 1956 World Series for New York. Woodling had been sidelined for the last part of the 1954 season with a broken arm. Orioles career Woodling led the 1959 Baltimore Orioles season with a .300", "title": "Gene Woodling" }, { "docid": "19582895", "text": "The Curse of Coogan's Bluff (also known as the Curse of Eddie Grant) (1958–2010) was a baseball-related superstition that allegedly prevented the San Francisco Giants Major League Baseball franchise from winning the World Series following the club's move from New York City to San Francisco after the conclusion of the 1957 season. The curse began when upset Giants fans in the New York metropolitan area placed a hex on the relocated franchise. The curse proved true in the World Series of 1962, 1989, and 2002. It ended when the Giants won the 2010 World Series in their fourth World Series appearance since the move to San Francisco. Background and origin of the curse Although the actual curse began in 1958, the story goes back to 1918 when Eddie Grant was killed while fighting in World War I. The team honored him with a commemorative plaque on the center field wall at the Polo Grounds (which was located on a piece of land in New York called \"Coogan's Bluff,\" so named for its owner/developer, James J. Coogan). While the franchise was based in New York, the Giants won five World Series titles, with the longest drought between titles being 21 years. The last championship as the New York Giants came against the Cleveland Indians in 1954, notably featuring Willie Mays' famous catch in Game 1. In the 1950s, Giants' owner Horace Stoneham began to consider moving the team to another city while needing a new stadium to replace the crumbling Polo Grounds. San Francisco mayor George Christopher negotiated with Stoneham, approving the move to San Francisco starting with the 1958 season. The approval caused the upset Giants fans to storm the field during the last home game before the relocation, stealing the Eddie Grant plaque and losing the team identity. Following the move, upset Giants' fans in New York allegedly placed a hex on the San Francisco Giants, claiming the franchise would never win the World Series while based in San Francisco. Many believed all of the team's good luck is in New York. World Series appearances during the curse During the 50 years after placing the alleged Curse of Coogan's Bluff, the Giants made three World Series appearances and lost each time, twice in a deciding Game 7. In 1962, the Giants tied for first place in the National League, then won a three-game playoff against the rival Los Angeles Dodgers with a dramatic comeback in the 9th inning of the third game to win the National League pennant. But in Game 7 of the 1962 World Series, against their former crosstown rival New York Yankees, down 1–0 and with runners on second and third, Willie McCovey hit a sharp line drive, and the ball was caught by Yankees' second baseman Bobby Richardson to end the game and the Series. In the 1989 World Series, the Giants were swept by another San Francisco Bay Area team, the Oakland Athletics. The 1989 Series was infamous for the large earthquake that struck", "title": "Curse of Coogan's Bluff" }, { "docid": "75124", "text": "Charles Dillon \"Casey\" Stengel (; July 30, 1890 – September 29, 1975) was an American Major League Baseball right fielder and manager, best known as the manager of the championship New York Yankees of the 1950s and later, the expansion New York Mets. Nicknamed \"the Ol' Perfessor\", he was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in . Stengel was born in Kansas City, Missouri, in 1890. In 1910, he began a professional baseball career that would span over half a century. After almost three seasons in the minor leagues, Stengel reached the major leagues late in 1912, as an outfielder, for the Brooklyn Dodgers. His six seasons there saw some success, among them playing for Brooklyn's 1916 National League championship team; but he also developed a reputation as a clown. After repeated clashes over pay with the Dodgers owner, Charlie Ebbets, Stengel was traded to the Pittsburgh Pirates in 1918; however, he enlisted in the Navy that summer, for the remainder of World War I. After returning to baseball, he continued his pay disputes, resulting in trades to the Philadelphia Phillies (in 1919) and to the New York Giants (in 1921). There, he learned much about baseball from the manager, John McGraw, and had some of the glorious moments in his career, such as hitting an inside-the-park home run in Game 1 of the 1923 World Series to defeat the Yankees. His major league playing career ended with the Boston Braves in 1925, but he then began a career as a manager. The first twenty years of Stengel's second career brought mostly poor finishes, especially during his MLB managerial stints with the Dodgers (1934–1936) and Braves (1938–1943). He thereafter enjoyed some success on the minor league level, and Yankee general manager George Weiss hired him as manager in October 1948. Stengel's Yankees won the World Series five consecutive times (1949–1953), the only time that has been achieved. Although the team won ten pennants in his twelve seasons, and won seven World Series, his final two years brought less success, with a third-place finish in 1959, and a loss in the 1960 World Series. By then aged 70, he was dismissed by the Yankees shortly after the defeat. Stengel had become well known for his humorous and sometimes disjointed way of speech during his time with the Yankees, and these skills of showmanship served the expansion Mets well when they hired him in late 1961. He promoted the team tirelessly, as well as managing it to a 40–120 win–loss record, the most losses of any 20th century MLB team. The team finished last all four years he managed it, but was boosted by considerable support from fans. Stengel retired in 1965, and became a fixture at baseball events for the rest of his life. Although Stengel is sometimes described as one of the great managers in major league history, others have contrasted his success during the Yankee years with his lack of success at other times, and concluded he was", "title": "Casey Stengel" }, { "docid": "2523027", "text": "Ralph George Houk (; August 9, 1919 – July 21, 2010), nicknamed \"the Major\", was an American catcher, coach, manager, and front office executive in Major League Baseball. He is best known as the successor of Casey Stengel as manager of the New York Yankees from 1961 to 1963, when his teams won three consecutive American League pennants and the 1961 and 1962 World Series championships. In he became the second rookie manager to win 100 games in a season and third rookie manager to win a World Series. He was the first manager to win World Series titles in his first two seasons and the first manager since Hughie Jennings to win three pennants in his first three seasons. Playing career A native of Lawrence, Kansas (Stull Community), Houk was a catcher working his way through the Yankees' farm system when the U.S. entered World War II. He enlisted in the armed forces, serving with Company I, 89th Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron (Mechanized) of the 9th Armored Division in July 1944. He rose to the rank of Major (the source of his Yankees nickname). He was a combat veteran of Bastogne and the Battle of the Bulge, and was awarded the Silver Star with an Oak Leaf Cluster, the Bronze Star with an Oak Leaf Cluster and Purple Heart. Returning to baseball after the war, Houk eventually reached the major leagues, serving as the Yankees' second- and third-string catcher behind Yogi Berra. A right-handed hitter listed as tall and , Houk played in only 91 games over eight seasons (1947–1954), finishing with a batting average of .272. Although the Yankees participated in six World Series during that period, Houk had only two at bats (one in , the other in ), batting .500. Coaching career During his last five years as a major-league player (1950–1954), Houk played in only 31 regular-season games, made 30 total plate appearances, and caught 83 innings. By 1953 he had transitioned to becoming the Yankees' full-time bullpen coach, effectively beginning his managerial apprenticeship. In 1955 he was named manager of the Yanks' Triple-A affiliate, the Denver Bears of the American Association. Following three highly successful seasons at Denver, culminating with the 1957 league playoff and Junior World Series championships, Houk returned to the Bronx as Stengel's first-base coach from 1958 to 1960. From late May through early June , Houk served as acting manager of the Yanks for 13 games while Stengel, 70, was sidelined by illness. (The team won 7 and lost 6.) Then, after the Yanks lost the 1960 World Series to the Pittsburgh Pirates—and with Houk one of the hottest managerial candidates in baseball—the Yankees \"discharged\" Stengel (to use Stengel's own words) and promoted Houk. A player's manager Houk was known as a \"player's manager\"—albeit one with a quick temper. Future Los Angeles Dodgers manager Tommy Lasorda briefly played for Houk at Denver and called Houk the best handler of men he ever played for, and modeled his managerial style on him.", "title": "Ralph Houk" }, { "docid": "61886226", "text": "The 2019 American League Championship Series was a best-of-seven series between the two winners of the 2019 American League Division Series, the Houston Astros and New York Yankees, for the American League (AL) pennant and the right to play in the 2019 World Series. The Astros defeated the Yankees in six games, advancing to face the 2019 National League champions, the Washington Nationals, whom they lost to in seven games. The series was played in a 2–3–2 format, with the Astros, having the better regular season record, hosting the first two and last two (if necessary) games. The series was the 50th in league history, with Fox/FS1 televising all games in the United States. For the third straight year, Major League Baseball sold presenting sponsorships to all of its postseason series; as with the NLCS, this ALCS was sponsored by GEICO and officially known as the 2019 American League Championship Series presented by GEICO. Background The best-of-five American League Division Series were scheduled for October 4–10. The top-seeded Houston Astros won their first two games against the Tampa Bay Rays, winner of the American League Wild Card Game. The Rays won the next two games to force a deciding Game 5, which Houston won to advance to their third straight ALCS; each game of the series was won by the home team. Houston was 1–1 in prior ALCS appearances. When they competed in the National League, Houston was 1–3 in NLCS appearances. The second-seeded New York Yankees swept their series against the third-seeded Minnesota Twins to clinch their 17th ALCS appearance. New York was 11–5 in prior ALCS appearances. This series was a sequel to the 2017 ALCS, which the Astros won in seven games, and the third overall postseason meeting between the two teams. The Astros and Yankees faced each other seven times during the 2019 regular season, with the Astros winning four of those games. Summary Game summaries Game 1 Game 1 starting pitchers were Masahiro Tanaka for the Yankees and Zack Greinke for the Astros. The Yankees scored first with Gleyber Torres driving in DJ LeMahieu in the top of the fourth inning. They added two runs in the top of the sixth, on home runs by Torres and Giancarlo Stanton, and added two more runs in the top of the seventh, via four consecutive two-out singles, with Torres collecting two more RBIs. In the top of the ninth, the Yankees extended their lead to 7–0, via a leadoff homer by Gio Urshela and another RBI by Torres, this one coming on a fielder's choice, as LeMahieu scored from third on a groundout. Jonathan Loáisiga concluded matters, pitching the bottom of the ninth, with the game ending on a Michael Brantley fly out to Cameron Maybin as the Yankees took a 1–0 series lead. Tanaka earned the win, allowing just one hit while striking out four and facing the minimum in his six innings (18 batters). Greinke was charged with the loss, allowing three runs on seven", "title": "2019 American League Championship Series" }, { "docid": "32182323", "text": "Four Days in October is a baseball documentary produced by ESPN and MLB Productions. It is episode 24 in the first season of ESPN's 30 for 30 series. The film chronicles the last four games of the 2004 American League Championship Series (ALCS) between the Boston Red Sox and the New York Yankees. The series became famous when the Red Sox—who lost the first three games of the series to the Yankees—became the first team in Major League Baseball history to win a best-of-seven playoff series after falling behind 0–3. The documentary begins with highlights of the Yankees–Red Sox rivalry over the years and then shows some highlights from Game 3, which was won by the Yankees 19–8 at Fenway Park in Boston. The show's narrative begins with Game 4. The Yankees stood just three outs away from sweeping the Red Sox at Fenway Park and advancing to their 40th World Series appearance. The series turned when the Red Sox rallied to tie the game in the 9th inning, and later won it on a home run by David Ortiz to keep the series alive. The ninth inning rally proved to be the turning point of the series, as the Red Sox proceeded to win the next three games, clinching the series at Yankee Stadium. A week later, the Red Sox won all four games against the National League (NL) champion St. Louis Cardinals to win their first World Series championship in 86 years, ending the 2004 postseason on an eight-game winning streak. While most of the commentary from the players in the documentary was done in the usual interview style that is customary of documentaries, Lenny Clarke and Bill Simmons were put in a pub setting, providing a conversation as fans, discussing their own experiences and feelings during the series. Cast Bronson Arroyo Lenny Clarke Johnny Damon Terry Francona Pedro Martínez Kevin Millar David Ortiz Dave Roberts Curt Schilling Bill Simmons See also List of baseball films Notes References External links Film description at ESPN 2010 television films 2010 films 2010 documentary films 30 for 30 2010s sports films ESPN Boston Red Sox Films about the New York Yankees Documentary films about baseball 2010s American films", "title": "Four Days in October" }, { "docid": "1100124", "text": "The 1964 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 1964 season. The 61st edition of the World Series, it was a best-of-seven playoff that matched the National League champion St. Louis Cardinals against the American League champion New York Yankees; the Cardinals prevailed in seven games. St. Louis won their seventh world championship, while the Yankees, who had appeared in 14 of 16 World Series since 1949, did not play in the Series again until . In an unusual twist, the Yankees fired Yogi Berra after the Series ended, replacing him with Johnny Keane, who had resigned from the Cardinals after the Series. His job had been threatened by Cardinals management, and it was unexpectedly saved by the Cardinals' dramatic pennant drive. This was also the last World Series that matched the Yankees up against the Cardinals; in the previous four meetings, each team had won twice, with the Yankees winning in 1928 and 1943, and the Cardinals in 1926 and 1942. This was the first World Series to feature a team with the players' last names on the uniforms (St. Louis). This pennant for the Yankees concluded their remarkable run of 15 World Series appearances over 18 years. In total, they won 29 American League championships in the 44-year span from 1921 through 1964. Background The 1964 World Series, and the season leading up to it, later became the subject for the David Halberstam New York Times bestseller October 1964. The Series is seen as a bellwether point in baseball history as it was the last hurrah for the 1950s Yankee Dynasty of Mantle, Maris, Ford and Berra, among others, and it demonstrated that the National League's growing enthusiasm to sign black and Latino players (such as those of the '64 Cardinals) was a permanent paradigm shift in fielding a championship team. The Series featured the brother-against-brother match-up of Ken Boyer of the Cardinals and Clete Boyer of the Yankees, both of whom started at third base for their respective teams. For the first time in Series history, all six umpires rotated through their positions. In all Series from 1947 through 1963, only the four infield umpires had rotated, with the last two umpires working only in the outfield throughout the Series. Mickey Mantle, playing in his last Series, hit three home runs, raising his total to a record-setting 18, surpassing Babe Ruth's mark of 15. Utility infielder Chet Trail, who had no prior major league experience, appeared on the Yankees' World Series roster to fill the opening created by an injury to Tony Kubek. Trail did not play in the series (Phil Linz played in place of Kubek), and Trail never appeared in a major league game during his career. Both Berra and Keane were St. Louis natives, though neither had ever played for the hometown Cardinals; Berra's entire playing career was spent in New York, while Keane played in the Cardinals' farm system but never reached the major leagues as a player. Yankees", "title": "1964 World Series" }, { "docid": "1332374", "text": "The 1954 World Series matched the National League champion New York Giants against the American League champion Cleveland Indians. The Giants swept the Series in four games to win their first championship since , defeating the heavily favored Indians, who had won an AL-record 111 games in the 154-game regular season (a record since broken by the 1998 New York Yankees with 114 and again by the 2001 Seattle Mariners with 116). \"The Catch\" occurred during Game 1 of this series, when Giants center fielder Willie Mays snared a long drive by Vic Wertz near the outfield wall with his back to the infield. Utility player Dusty Rhodes had clutch hits in three of the four games, including a pinch-hit walk-off that won Game 1, barely clearing the right-field fence at the Polo Grounds. Giants manager Leo Durocher, who had managed teams to three National League championships, won his only World Series title as a manager. The Giants, who moved west to San Francisco in 1958, did not win another World Series until 2010. This was the first time that the Indians had been swept in a World Series and the first time that the Giants had swept an opponent in four games (their 1922 sweep included a controversial tie game). Game 2 was the last World Series and playoff game at the Polo Grounds, and Game 4 was the last World Series and playoff game at Cleveland Stadium. The Indians' next World Series was in , a year after Jacobs Field opened. The National Football League game between the Cleveland Browns and Detroit Lions, scheduled for October 3 at Cleveland Stadium, was postponed to December 19. This was the first World Series since 1948 to not feature the Yankees. Background The Indians, by winning the American League pennant, kept the Yankees from having a chance to win their sixth straight series. The last time the Yankees had been absent from the World Series was 1948, when the Indians defeated the Boston Braves to win the championship. This was also the only World Series from 1949 to 1958 in which the Yankees did not participate. The Indians easily won the 1954 pennant on the strength of the American League's top pitching staff, leading the AL in team earned run average at 2.72 and complete games with 77. Pitchers Early Wynn (23–11, 2.73 earned run average) and Bob Lemon (23–7, 2.72 earned run average) were in top form, with solid contributions from Mike Garcia (19–8, 2.64) and Art Houtterman (15–7, 3.35). Bob Feller, at age 35, could make only 19 starts, and finished at 13–3. Cleveland also had potent hitting, leading the AL in home runs (156) and finishing second in runs scored (746), although the team managed just 30 stolen bases in 63 attempts. Bobby Ávila led the offense with 112 runs and a .341 batting average, while Larry Doby (.272 batting average, 32 home runs, 126 runs batted in) and Al Rosen (.300 batting average, 24 home runs, 102", "title": "1954 World Series" }, { "docid": "71289755", "text": "The 2007 Major League Baseball postseason was the playoff tournament of Major League Baseball for the 2007 season. The winners of the Division Series would move on to the League Championship Series to determine the pennant winners that face each other in the World Series. In the American League, the New York Yankees made their thirteenth straight postseason appearance, the Boston Red Sox returned for the fourth time in five years, the Cleveland Indians returned for the first time since 2001, and the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim returned for the fourth time in six years. In the National League, the Arizona Diamondbacks made their third postseason appearance in the last eight years, the Chicago Cubs made their second appearance in five years, the Colorado Rockies made their second postseason appearance in franchise history and first since 1995, and the Philadelphia Phillies returned to the postseason for the first time since 1993. This would be the first of five consecutive postseason appearances for the Phillies, a streak which lasted until 2011. The postseason began on October 3, 2007, and ended on October 28, 2007, with the Red Sox sweeping the Rockies in the 2007 World Series. It was the seventh title won by the Red Sox franchise. Playoff seeds The following teams qualified for the postseason: American League Boston Red Sox – AL East champions, 96–66 (5–2 head-to-head record vs. CLE) Cleveland Indians – AL Central champions, 96–66 (2–5 head-to-head record vs. BOS) Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim – AL West champions, 94–68 New York Yankees – 94–68 National League Arizona Diamondbacks – NL West champions, 90–72 Philadelphia Phillies – NL East champions, 89–73 Chicago Cubs – NL Central champions, 85–77 Colorado Rockies – NL Wild Card qualifier, 90–73 Playoff bracket Note: Two teams in the same division could not meet in the division series. American League Division Series (1) Boston Red Sox vs. (3) Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim This was the third postseason meeting between the Angels and Red Sox. The Red Sox once again defeated the Angels to advance to the ALCS for the third time in five years. The series was not close — the Red Sox shut out the Angels and Game 1, took Game 2 by a 6–3 score on a Manny Ramirez walk-off three-run home run, and then blew out the Angels in Anaheim in Game 3 to advance to the next round. (2) Cleveland Indians vs. (4) New York Yankees This was the third postseason meeting between the Yankees and Indians. The Indians defeated the Yankees in four games to advance to the ALCS for the first time since 1998. This was the last postseason series ever played at the original Yankee Stadium. The Indians blew out the Yankees in Game 1 by 9 runs. Game 2 was a pitchers' duel between both teams bullpens which lasted 11 innings, and again the Indians prevailed as Travis Hafner drove in the winning run on a bases-loaded single off Luis Vizcaíno. Game 2 was", "title": "2007 Major League Baseball postseason" }, { "docid": "34644775", "text": "On October 8, 1956, in Game 5 of the 1956 World Series, pitcher Don Larsen of the New York Yankees threw a perfect game against the Brooklyn Dodgers at Yankee Stadium. It was the only no-hitter in World Series history until the Houston Astros pitching staff of Cristian Javier, Bryan Abreu, Rafael Montero and Ryan Pressly threw a combined no-hitter in the 2022 World Series against the Philadelphia Phillies. It remains the only perfect game in the history of the World Series. Background Don Larsen of the New York Yankees made his first start in a World Series in Game 4 of the 1955 World Series against the Brooklyn Dodgers. Larsen pitched four innings, allowing five runs on five hits and losing the game 8–3. The Dodgers won the series in seven games for their first world championship. The Yankees and Dodgers faced each other again in the 1956 World Series. Behind Sal Maglie, the Dodgers defeated the Yankees in Game 1. Casey Stengel, the manager of the Yankees, selected Larsen to start Game 2 against the Dodgers' Don Newcombe. Despite being given a 6–0 lead by the Yankees' batters, he lasted only innings against the Dodgers in a 13–8 loss. He gave up only one hit, a single by Gil Hodges, but walked four batters, which led to four runs in the process, but none of them were earned because of an error by first baseman Joe Collins. The Yankees won Games 3 and 4 to tie the series at two games apiece. Game 5 With the series tied at two games apiece, Larsen started Game 5 for the Yankees. Larsen's opponent in the game was Maglie. The Yankees scored two runs off Maglie, as Mickey Mantle hit a home run in the fourth inning and Hank Bauer hit a single for a run batted in two innings later. Larsen retired all 27 batters he faced to complete the perfect game. Larsen needed just 97 pitches to complete the game, and only one Dodger batter (Pee Wee Reese in the first inning) was able to get a three-ball count. In 1998, Larsen recalled, \"I had great control. I never had that kind of control in my life.\" The closest the Dodgers came to a hit was in the second inning, when Jackie Robinson hit a line drive off third baseman Andy Carey's glove, the ball caroming to shortstop Gil McDougald, who threw Robinson out by a step, and in the fifth, when Mickey Mantle ran down Gil Hodges' deep fly ball in left center, making a spectacular backhanded catch. Yankees fielders recorded three more lineouts: Duke Snider hit a ball to Hank Bauer in right field in the first, Mantle made another catch playing in on a hard-hit ball by Maglie in the third, and third baseman Carey caught a low liner by Hodges in the eighth. In addition to these balls put into play by the Dodgers, the half-inning that featured Mantle's catch on Hodges was bookended by", "title": "Don Larsen's perfect game" }, { "docid": "1332290", "text": "The 1951 World Series matched the two-time defending champion New York Yankees against the New York Giants, who had won the National League pennant in a thrilling three-game playoff with the Brooklyn Dodgers on the legendary home run by Bobby Thomson (the Shot Heard 'Round the World). In the Series, the Yankees showed some power of their own, including Gil McDougald's grand slam home run in Game 5, at the Polo Grounds. The Yankees won the Series in six games, for their third straight title and 14th overall. This would be the last World Series for Joe DiMaggio, who retired afterward, and the first for rookies Willie Mays and Mickey Mantle. This was the last Subway Series the Giants played in. Both teams would meet again eleven years later after the Giants relocated to San Francisco. They have not played a World Series against each other since. This was the first World Series announced by Bob Sheppard, who was in his first year as Yankee Stadium's public address announcer. It was also the first World Series to be televised exclusively by one network (NBC) as well as the first to be televised nationwide, as coaxial cable had recently linked both coasts. Background This World Series also matched up two of baseball's most colorful managers, Casey Stengel of the Yankees and Leo Durocher of the Giants. This was the 13th appearance by the Giants in Series play, their ninth loss, and their first appearance since the 1937 World Series. \"The Commerce Comet arrives on the final voyage of the Yankee Clipper.\" (On the Yankees' side, the 1951 World Series was the first for Mickey Mantle and the final for Joe DiMaggio.) Mantle's bad luck with injuries in the Major Leagues began here. In the fifth inning of Game 2 at Yankee Stadium, Mays flied to deep right center. DiMaggio and Mantle converged on the ball, DiMaggio called Mantle off, and Mantle stutter-stepped, catching a cleat in a drain cover, and fell to the ground in a heap with a wrenched knee as DiMaggio made the catch. Mantle was done for this Series, but would come back to play many more. New York City became the first city to host an NBA Finals and a World Series in the same calendar year. Summary Matchups Game 1 Monte Irvin's daring baserunning got the Giants off to a fast start in this New York – New York series. He singled in the first inning, sped to third on Whitey Lockman's RBI single, then stole home off Yankee starter Allie Reynolds. The Yankees cut the Giants' lead to 2–1 in the second when Gil McDougald doubled with one out off Dave Koslo and scored on Jerry Coleman's single. The scored remained that way until the sixth when Alvin Dark's three-run home run gave the Giants a commanding 5–1 lead. Koslo pitched a complete game to give the Giants a 1–0 series lead. Game 2 The first three batters Larry Jansen faced were Mickey Mantle, Phil", "title": "1951 World Series" }, { "docid": "1332312", "text": "The 1923 World Series was the championship series in Major League Baseball for the 1923 season. The 20th edition of the World Series, it matched the American League champion New York Yankees against the National League champion New York Giants. The Yankees beat the Giants in six games. This would be the first of the Yankees' 27 World Series championships (as of ). The series was not played in a 2–3–2 format: as with the previous two Series (where both clubs had shared the Polo Grounds) the home field alternated each game, though this time it involved switching ballparks, as the first Yankee Stadium had opened this season. Background The Yankees opened their new stadium in April on a home run by Babe Ruth, setting the tone for the season and this Series, in which Ruth hit three home runs along with drawing eight walks. In Game 2, second baseman, Aaron Ward hit a home run. The Giants' one bright spot was \"Old Casey\" Stengel, who hit game-winning homers in each of the two Giants' victories. In typically eccentric Stengel fashion, one of them was inside-the-park at the cavernous Yankee Stadium, and his shoe came loose during his run around the bases. Stengel was traded after the season, leading him to quip later in life, \"It's a good thing I didn't hit three homers in three games, or McGraw would have traded me to the Three-I League!\". A quarter century later, Stengel would take on the role of Yankees manager, and would guide the Bronx Bombers through one of their most successful eras. In Game 6, the Yankees overcame a 4–1 deficit by staging a five-run rally in the eighth inning to clinch the series. The three consecutive matchups between the Yankees and Giants (1921–1923) marked the only time (as of 2020), that three straight World Series featured the same two clubs. Brothers Bob and Irish Meusel played against each other in each of those three series, making them the first set of brothers to play against each other on opposing teams in a World Series or any Big Four championship series. Thanks to the large seating capacity of the new Yankee Stadium, coupled with expansion of the Polo Grounds the same year, the 1923 Series was the first to eclipse 300,000 in total attendance (301,430), averaging over 50,000 per game (50,238), with gate receipts over $1 million ($1,063,815.00). This was the third time that a team had inaugurated a new stadium with a World Series win, and would be the last until the St. Louis Cardinals victory in their new ballpark in , and the New York Yankees again won the World Series in in their new Yankee Stadium. Babe Ruth had a great series, his first great one as a Yankee, batting .368 and hitting three home runs in the series. Neither Lou Gehrig, Bill Terry nor Hack Wilson played in the Series. These future Hall of Famers were each in their first season and had played no", "title": "1923 World Series" }, { "docid": "1839065", "text": "Robert Clinton Richardson, Jr. (born August 19, 1935) is an American former professional baseball second baseman. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the New York Yankees from 1955 through 1966. Batting and throwing right-handed, he formed a top double play combination with fellow Yankee infielders Clete Boyer and Tony Kubek. He became the only World Series Most Valuable Player to be selected from the losing team when he won the award for his play in the 1960 World Series. In 1962, he led the American League (AL) in hits with 209 and snared a line drive off the bat of Willie McCovey to win the 1962 World Series for the Yankees. Born in Sumter, South Carolina, Richardson grew up desiring to play for the Yankees after seeing the 1942 film The Pride of the Yankees. Drawing interest from 11 out of 16 MLB teams, he signed with the Yankees and made his debut for them two years later. Earning a regular spot on the roster in 1957, Richardson reached his first All-Star Game that year. He lost starts at second base to Gil McDougald later in the year, though, and was mostly a reserve player in 1958. It was not until 1959 that he would become a regular at second base. In 1960, he was named the World Series MVP; though the Yankees lost the Series in seven games to the Pittsburgh Pirates, Richardson batted .367 with 12 runs batted in (RBI). He won the next two World Series, ending the 1962 series by catching McCovey's line drive in what The Sporting News called baseball's 13th most memorable play in 1999. Richardson led the AL in hits that year, with 209. From 1961 to 1965, Richardson won five straight Gold Glove Awards at second base. He played in the All-Star Game every year from 1962 through 1966. In 1963, he won the Lou Gehrig Memorial Award, and he played in the World Series in 1963 and 1964. His last two years in the major leagues, he had 164 and 153 hits, respectively. Though only 31 after the 1966 season, Richardson retired to spend more time with his family. The Yankees held a special day for him towards the end of the season, making Richardson the 10th Yankee to be so honored. After his playing career, Richardson coached college teams for several years. He led the University of South Carolina to its first College World Series in 1975 and laid the groundwork for their later success. In 1986, he led Coastal Carolina University's baseball team to a Big South Conference championship, and he coached at Liberty University from 1987 through 1990. Richardson ran for the United States House of Representatives in South Carolina's 5th congressional district as a Republican in 1976 but lost to incumbent Kenneth Holland. A Christian, Richardson was involved in many Christian organizations during and after his career. He spoke at the White House in 1970 as a representative of the Fellowship of Christian Athletes, appeared", "title": "Bobby Richardson" }, { "docid": "71530197", "text": "The 2022 American League Championship Series was the best-of-seven playoff between the two American League Division Series winners, the Houston Astros and the New York Yankees, for the American League (AL) pennant and the right to play in the 2022 World Series. The series began on October 19 with a potential Game 7 scheduled for October 26 if it had been necessary, with the only off-day being October 21. TBS televised all games in the United States. For the fourth time in the last six seasons, the Astros won the ALCS to advance to the 2022 World Series, defeating the Yankees in a four-game sweep. Astros shortstop Jeremy Peña was named the Series MVP, hitting .353 with two home runs. The Astros would go on to defeat the Philadelphia Phillies in the World Series in six games, winning their second World Series championship in six years and the second in franchise history. Background The Houston Astros qualified for the postseason as the American League West division winner and the league's top seed. It was their fifth AL West championship in six years and their second straight divisional championship. In the Division Series, they swept the Seattle Mariners. This was the Astros' sixth consecutive appearance in the American League Championship Series (ALCS), an AL record, and the second most consecutive LCS appearances since the Atlanta Braves, who made eight in a row from 1991 to 1999 (not counting the canceled 1994 season). The New York Yankees qualified for the postseason as the American League East division winner and the league's second seed. It was their second AL East championship in four years. In the Division Series, they defeated the Cleveland Guardians in five games. This series is a continuation of the recent Astros–Yankees rivalry, as it marked the fourth time the two clubs have faced off in the playoffs and the third in the ALCS. The Astros previously defeated the Yankees in the 2015 Wild Card, the 2017 ALCS, and the 2019 ALCS. Houston won five of the seven games against New York during the regular season, with the Yankees only winning via walk-off hits (in fact, Houston had the lead or was tied in all of their plate appearances). This is the first postseason meeting between the two teams since the revelation of the Houston Astros sign stealing scandal, which included the 2017 American League Championship Series; however, despite allegations, there was no evidence of electronic sign-stealing during the 2019 season. After defeating the Guardians in the ALDS, a group of Yankees fans were filmed chanting \"We Want Houston,\" with an accompanying sign. The video went viral and became a rallying cry among Astros players and fans. Summary Game summaries Game 1 Game 1 featured the Astros' Justin Verlander going up against Jameson Taillon for the Yankees. Harrison Bader got the scoring started with a solo home run in the top of the second. It was his fourth home run of the postseason, becoming the first Yankee player to hit", "title": "2022 American League Championship Series" }, { "docid": "1332321", "text": "The 1926 World Series was the championship series of the 1926 Major League Baseball season. The 23rd edition of the Series, it pitted the National League champion St. Louis Cardinals against the American League champion New York Yankees. The Cardinals defeated the Yankees four games to three in the best-of-seven series, which took place from October 2 to 10, 1926, at Yankee Stadium and Sportsman's Park. This was the first World Series appearance (and first National League pennant win) for the Cardinals, and would be the first of 11 World Series championships in Cardinals history. The Yankees were playing in their fourth World Series in six years after winning their first American League pennant in 1921 and their first world championship in 1923. They would play in another 36 World Series (and win 26 of those), as of the end of the 2023 season. In Game 1, Herb Pennock pitched the Yankees to a 2–1 win over the Cards. In Game 2, pitcher Grover Cleveland Alexander evened the Series for St. Louis with a 6–2 victory. Knuckleballer Jesse Haines' shutout in Game 3 gave St. Louis a 2–1 Series lead. In the Yankees' 10–5 Game 4 win, Babe Ruth hit three home runs, a World Series record equaled only four times since. According to newspaper reports, Ruth had promised a sickly boy named Johnny Sylvester to hit a home run for him in Game 4. After Ruth's three-homer game, the boy's condition miraculously improved. The newspapers' account of the story is disputed by contemporary baseball historians, but it remains one of the most famous anecdotes in baseball history. Pennock again won for the Yankees in Game 5, 3–2. Cards' player-manager Rogers Hornsby chose Alexander to start Game 6, and used him in relief to close out Game 7. Behind Alexander, the Cardinals won the final two games of the series, and thus the world championship. In Game 7, the Yankees, trailing 3–2 in the bottom of the ninth inning and down to their last out, Ruth walked, bringing up Bob Meusel. Ruth, successful in half of his stolen base attempts in his career, took off for second base on the first pitch. Meusel swung and missed, and catcher Bob O'Farrell threw to second baseman Hornsby who tagged Ruth out, ending Game 7 and thereby crowning his Cardinals World Series champions for the first time. The 1926 World Series is the only Series to date which ended with a baserunner being caught stealing. This World Series also started the Cardinals run of dominance in the National League. Between the years 1926 and 1934, St. Louis captured five National League pennants and won three World Series titles. Season summary The Cardinals won the 1926 National League pennant with 89 wins and 65 losses, two games ahead of the runner-up Cincinnati Reds, after finishing only fourth in 1925 at 77–76. Before 1926 was half over, they traded outfielder Heinie Mueller to the New York Giants for outfielder Billy Southworth. They also claimed future", "title": "1926 World Series" }, { "docid": "8143887", "text": "James Alton Coates (August 4, 1932 – November 15, 2019) was an American professional baseball pitcher. A right-hander, Coates pitched in Major League Baseball for the New York Yankees (1956, 1959–62), Washington Senators (1963), Cincinnati Reds (1963) and Los Angeles/California Angels (1965–67). He was born in Farnham, Virginia, attended Lively High School, and was listed as tall and . Career Early career Coates was signed by the Yankees as an amateur free agent in 1951. He spent seven years in the Yankees’ farm system with a call-up in 1956, during which he made his major league debut. Coates spent all of the next two seasons in the minors but saw limited play in 1958 due to a fractured elbow. Fully recovered in 1959, Coates pitched in 37 games, all but four in relief, winning six games against one loss, with a 2.87 earned run average in innings pitched. The season, however, was disastrous for the Yankees as a whole—after winning seven World Series and nine American League pennants in ten seasons, and winning 103 games in 1954, the one year in that stretch when they didn't win the pennant (the Cleveland Indians won 111), the Yankees, beset by injuries all season, finished third, 15 games behind the American League champion Chicago White Sox. The lowlight of the Yankees’ season was falling to dead last on May 20. 1960 World Series In 1960, Coates went 13–3 as a spot starter. After winning his last five decisions in 1959 and his first nine this season, Coates finally had his winning streak broken against the Boston Red Sox on July 9, a 6–5 loss in which Vic Wertz drove in four of the runs. Coates was also named to the All-Star team, pitching two scoreless innings in the first of two games played that year (between 1959 and 1962, Major League Baseball had two All-Star games). Coates was a member of the Yankee team that regained the American League pennant in 1960, but lost to the Pittsburgh Pirates in the World Series in seven games. In Game 1, Coates gave up a home run by Bill Mazeroski for the deciding runs in the Pirates’ 6–4 victory. Before Ralph Terry gave up Mazeroski's second home run of this Series (the walk-off home run that won Game 7 10–9 for the Pirates and ended the Series), Coates himself was almost the scapegoat in the Yankees’ loss. With the Yankees ahead 7–5 with no outs (and one run in) in the eighth inning and Bill Virdon on second and Dick Groat on first, Coates relieved Bobby Shantz and got Bob Skinner out on a sacrifice bunt, which advanced the runners. Rocky Nelson then flew out to Roger Maris in right field, and Virdon declined to challenge Maris’ throwing arm. Coates then got to an 0–2 count on Roberto Clemente and was a strike away from getting the Yankees out of trouble. However, a lapse by Coates allowed the Pirates to keep their inning alive. Clemente eventually", "title": "Jim Coates" }, { "docid": "27153400", "text": "The 1948 American League tie-breaker game was a one-game extension to Major League Baseball's (MLB) 1948 regular season, played between the Cleveland Indians and Boston Red Sox to determine the winner of the American League (AL) pennant. The game was played on October 4, 1948, at Fenway Park in Boston, Massachusetts. It was necessary after both teams finished the season with identical win–loss records of 96–58. This was the first-ever one-game playoff in the AL, and the only one before 1969, when the leagues were split into divisions. The Indians defeated the Red Sox, 8–3, as the Indians scored four runs in the fourth inning and limited the Red Sox to five hits. The Indians advanced to the 1948 World Series, where they defeated the Boston Braves, four games to two, giving them their second and most recent World Series championship. In baseball statistics, the tie-breaker counted as the 155th regular season game by both teams, with all events in the game added to regular season statistics. Background The 1948 Major League Baseball season was predicted to be a close race between the Yankees and Red Sox. In a United Press poll conducted just before the season started, the majority of sportswriters chose the Yankees, who had won last year's World Series, to face the Braves or St. Louis Cardinals that year, while others chose the Red Sox; only one sportswriter chose the Indians to reach the World Series. Most of the American League managers had the Yankees finishing first, followed by the Red Sox, Indians, and Detroit Tigers. Tension and confidence was evident between the teams, as two months into the season, after defeating the Red Sox 7–0, Yankees manager Bucky Harris declared that the Yankees would win the pennant, though they were currently at second place at the time. The pennant race continued between the three teams throughout the entire season. On September 25, after playing 147 games, with seven games left to play, all three teams had a record of 91–56. After each team played four more games, the Indians were up two games, meaning the Yankees and Red Sox had to win their games on September 30 to stay in the pennant race. They did, and the month of October opened up with both teams 1.5 games behind the Indians. The Indians' last series was a three-game stand against the Tigers, while the Red Sox and Yankees had a two-game series against each other. The Indians lost their first game 5–3 against the Tigers on October 1, giving them a one-game lead with two games left to play. As a result, speculation arose about the possibility of a three-way tie. On October 2, Cleveland beat Detroit to clinch at least a tie, and Boston beat New York 5–1, ending the Yankees' pennant run and bringing the race down to two teams. On the last day of the season, October 3, Boston won their game and Cleveland lost, giving them identical 96–58 records and forcing a tiebreaker", "title": "1948 American League tie-breaker game" }, { "docid": "18776781", "text": "The New York Yankees are a professional baseball team based in New York City, New York in the borough of The Bronx. The New York Yankees are members of the American League (AL) East Division in Major League Baseball (MLB). The Yankees have won the World Series 27 times, more than any other MLB team. In baseball, the head coach of a team is called the manager. The duties of the team manager include team strategy and leadership on and off the field. Since starting to play as the Baltimore Orioles (no relationship to the current Baltimore Orioles team) in 1901, the team has employed 35 managers. The current manager is Aaron Boone, the current general manager is Brian Cashman and the current owner is Hal Steinbrenner, the son of George Steinbrenner, who first bought the Yankees in 1973. The franchise's first manager was Hall of Famer John McGraw, who managed the team for one year and part of a second before becoming manager of the New York Giants. In 1903, the team moved from Baltimore to New York, where it was initially known as the New York Highlanders. Its first manager in New York was Clark Griffith, who managed the team from 1903 to 1908. Miller Huggins was the next manager to manage the team for more than three seasons. Huggins took over the managerial duties in 1918 and led the Yankees to six American League championships and three World Series titles until his death in 1929. Huggins won 1,067 regular season games with the Yankees, which ranks fourth all-time among Yankee managers. Several other managers spent long tenures with the Yankees. Joe McCarthy managed the Yankees from 1931 until midway through the 1946 season. During his tenure, the Yankees won eight American League titles and won the World Series seven times. He won 1,460 regular season games with the Yankees and lost 867, both more than any other Yankee manager. Casey Stengel managed the team from 1949 until 1960, winning 10 American League championships, 7 World Series titles, and 1,149 games, which ranks third among Yankee managers. After Stengel was discharged, Ralph Houk managed the Yankees from 1961 through 1963, winning American League titles each season, and winning the World Series twice. He served a second term as Yankee manager from 1966 through 1973. From 1974 until 1995, no Yankee managerial term lasted as long as three complete seasons. Joe Torre managed the Yankees from 1996 through 2007 and the team made the playoffs each season. He also won six American League championships and four World Series titles. His 1,173 regular season wins are second all-time among Yankees managers. He also has the most playoff appearances, playoff wins and playoff losses of any Yankee manager. Torre was named American League Manager of the Year twice, in 1996 and 1998. His predecessor, Buck Showalter, also was named Manager of the Year in 1994. Torre left after the 2007 season and was replaced by Joe Girardi, who managed the Yankees", "title": "List of New York Yankees managers" }, { "docid": "1332346", "text": "The 1932 World Series was the championship series in Major League Baseball for the 1932 season. The 29th edition of the World Series, it matched the American League champion New York Yankees versus the National League champions Chicago Cubs. The Yankees won in a four-game sweep. By far it is mostly noteworthy for Babe Ruth's \"called shot\" home run, in his 10th and last World Series. It was punctuated by fiery arguments between the two teams, heating up the atmosphere before the World Series even began. A record 13 future Hall of Famers played in this World Series, with three other future Hall of Famers also participating: umpire Bill Klem, Yankees manager Joe McCarthy, and Cubs manager Rogers Hornsby. It was also the first World Series in which both teams wore uniforms with numbers on the backs of the shirts. Summary Matchups Game 1 The Cubs opened the scoring with two runs in the top of the first inning with three singles, two by Woody English and Riggs Stephenson scoring a run each, but in the bottom of the third inning Earle Combs drew a leadoff walk off Guy Bush, moved to second on a groundout, and scored on Babe Ruth's single before a two-run home run by Lou Gehrig put the Yankees up 3–2. In the sixth inning, they loaded the bases on three walks with one out before a two-run single by Bill Dickey and RBI fielder's choice by Ben Chapman knocked Bush out of the game. Burleigh Grimes in relief allowed two-out two-run single to Combs. The Cubs scored two in the seventh on Stephenson's two-run single, but in the bottom half, after a walk and single, Tony Lazzeri's RBI single, Chapman's sacrifice fly, and Grimes's wild pitch put the Yankees up 11–4. In the eighth, Gabby Hartnett hit a leadoff double and scored on Mark Koenig's triple. Billy Herman's groundout scored the Cubs' last run. The Yankees got one more run in the bottom half off Bob Smith when Combs doubled and scored on Joe Sewell's single. Yankee starter Red Ruffing pitched a complete game, striking out 10 Cubs but walking six and giving up six runs, only three of which were earned. Game 2 In Game 2, Chicago scored first in the top of the first on Riggs Stephenson's sacrifice fly with runners on first and third off Lefty Gomez, but in the bottom half, after two leadoff walks, RBI singles by Lou Gehrig and Bill Dickey off Lon Warneke put the Yankees up 2–1. The Cubs tied the game in the third when Stephenson doubled with two outs and scored on Frank Demaree's single, but in the bottom half, Ben Chapman's two-run bases-loaded single put the Yankees ahead 4–2. They added another run in the fifth when Lou Gehrig hit a leadoff single, moved to second on a groundout and scored on Bill Dickey's single. Both pitchers pitched a complete game. This was the last World Series game Babe Ruth ever played in Yankee", "title": "1932 World Series" }, { "docid": "1332358", "text": "The 1939 World Series featured the three-time defending champion New York Yankees against the Cincinnati Reds, who were making their first Series appearance since winning the scandal-tainted 1919 World Series. The Yankees swept the Series in four games for the second straight year, winning their record fourth consecutive title (they would later win five straight from 1949 to 1953). Yankee manager Joe McCarthy won his fifth title, tying the record held by Philadelphia Athletics manager Connie Mack. In the 10th inning of the final game, a famous play at the plate typified the Series. \"King Kong\" Charlie Keller scored when he and the ball both collided with catcher \"Schnoz\" Ernie Lombardi, and then Joe DiMaggio also scored while Lombardi, rolling on the ground, tried in vain to retrieve the ball. Lombardi had been smacked in the groin, but the puritanical press reported it as Lombardi \"napping\" at the plate. The Yankees matched the Reds in hits with 27, but out-homered them 7–0 and out-scored them 20–8. Keller led the Yanks with seven hits, three home runs, six RBI, eight runs scored, a .438 average and a 1.188 slugging percentage. Both teams played sterling defense for most of the series until the ninth inning of Game 4. Up until then the Reds matched the Yankees with committing just one error for the series. But Cincinnati committed a total of three errors in the ninth and 10th innings of Game 4 which led to five unearned runs, sealing the New York sweep. Keller broke the record for most homers by a rookie in a World Series game with two in Game 3. Also in Game 3, Junior Thompson gave up five hits in innings worked. Four of the five were home runs, tying the record for long balls allowed during a Series game set by the Cubs' Charlie Root in 1932. Despite the loss, the Reds were an organization on the rise, having improved from eighth and last in the National League in 1937 (56–98, .364) to fourth in '38 (82–68, .547) and first as NL champions in '39. Ironically, despite being dominated by the Bronx Bombers in the 1939 Series, the Reds would return in 1940 to win the World Series while the Yankees finished behind Detroit and Cleveland in the AL pennant race, snapping their consecutive World Series streak at four. The Yankees and Reds would not meet again in the World Series until 1961 — a 5-game Yankees win. The two teams would meet again in 1976, with the Reds winning in a 4-game sweep. At a cumulative time of seven hours and five minutes, the 1939 World Series is one of the shortest World Series in real time, and was shorter than the third game of the 2018 World Series that lasted 7 hours, 20 minutes and was 18 innings long. Summary Matchups Game 1 In the opener, starters Red Ruffing and Paul Derringer pitched complete games. The Reds struck first in the fourth inning when Ival Goodman", "title": "1939 World Series" }, { "docid": "1219513", "text": "The 1978 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 1978 season. The 75th edition of the World Series, it was a best-of-seven playoff played between the American League (AL) champion New York Yankees and the National League (NL) champion Los Angeles Dodgers. In a rematch of the previous year's World Series, the Yankees won, four games to two, to repeat as champions and to win their 22nd World Series. As of 2023, it remains the most recent World Series to feature a rematch of the previous season's matchup. The 1978 series was the first of 10 consecutive years that saw 10 different teams win the World Series. The Los Angeles Dodgers would break the string with a World Series win in 1988, having won in 1981. This series had two memorable confrontations between Dodgers rookie pitcher Bob Welch and the Yankees' Reggie Jackson. In Game 2, Welch struck out Jackson in the top of the ninth with two outs and the tying and go-ahead runs on base to end the game. Jackson would avenge the strikeout, when in Game 4 he singled off Welch which moved Roy White to second, from which White would score the game winning run on a Lou Piniella single to tie the series at 2-2. In Game 6, Jackson smashed a two-run homer off Welch in the seventh to increase the Yankees' lead to 7–2 and a Yankees' victory to win the series. Background New York Yankees The New York Yankees were as far back as 14 games behind the Boston Red Sox at mid-July suffering from injuries to pitchers Catfish Hunter and Jim Beattie. A public display of antipathy between manager Billy Martin and slugger Reggie Jackson resulted in the replacement of Martin by the amenable, easygoing Bob Lemon on July 17. With time running out, the Yankees, four games behind the Red Sox in the American League East, began a crucial four-game series at Fenway Park in Boston. On September 7, the Yanks began the \"Boston Massacre\" with a drubbing of the BoSox, with second baseman Willie Randolph driving in five runs. (Randolph was sidelined in the postseason, due to a pulled hamstring in late September.) The assault continued with the Yankees winning game two game three (Ron Guidry winning his 21st—a two-hitter), and an 18-hit, victory in game four, completing the sweep. The Yankees and Red Sox were now tied for first place with 20 games remaining for New York went in their last 68 scheduled games, but lost on the final day to Cleveland to finish the regular season in a dead-heat with Boston at . The Yanks had to travel to Fenway for the one-game playoff on Monday, October 2. Down 2–0 after six innings, they won , made famous by light-hitting Bucky Dent's clutch three-run homer in the seventh inning (his fifth of the year). Ron Guidry won his 25th game (against only three losses) and Goose Gossage recorded the last eight outs for his", "title": "1978 World Series" }, { "docid": "3515161", "text": "The 1996 American League Championship Series (ALCS) was played to decide the winner of the American League pennant and the right to play in the 1996 World Series. It was contested by the East division champion New York Yankees and the wild card Baltimore Orioles. The Yankees won the series 4-1 and went on to win the World Series against the Atlanta Braves. Background The two teams were victorious in the AL Division Series (ALDS), with the Yankees defeating the West Division champion Texas Rangers three games to one, and the Orioles defeating the Central Division champion Cleveland Indians three games to one. The Orioles were the first wild card team to advance to the LCS. The Yankees won the series four games to one to become the American League champions, and won against the National League champion Atlanta Braves in the 1996 World Series. Summary New York Yankees vs. Baltimore Orioles Game summaries Game 1 Wednesday, October 9, 1996, at Yankee Stadium (I) in Bronx, New York The Yankees struck first in Game 1 when Tim Raines doubled to lead off the first off Scott Erickson, moved to third on a groundout, and scored on Bernie Williams's groundout, but the Orioles tied in the second off Andy Pettitte when Rafael Palmeiro drew a leadoff walk, moved to third on a double and scored on Eddie Murray's ground out. The Yankees retook the lead in the second when Cecil Fielder drew a leadoff walk, moved two bases on an error and force out, then scored on Jim Leyritz's groundout, but Brady Anderson's home run in the third tied the game again. Next inning, Palmeiro's home run put the Orioles up 3–2. In the sixth, inning the Orioles loaded the bases on two walks and a single before B.J. Surhoff's sacrifice fly put them up 4–2. In the bottom of the seventh, inning Armando Benitez walked Darryl Strawberry with the bases loaded to cut Baltimore's lead to 4–3. Next inning, the game would become most notable for the infamous \"Jeffrey Maier Incident.\" Rookie Derek Jeter hit a fly ball to deep right field off Benítez. Right fielder Tony Tarasco backed up to the wall, but 12-year-old Yankees fan Jeffrey Maier reached over the fence and brought the ball into the stands and out of the field of play before Tarasco could attempt to catch the ball for a possible out. Tarasco immediately pointed above and protested that it was fan interference, but right field umpire Rich Garcia controversially ruled it a home run and his call was upheld by the other members of the umpiring crew. The game then went into extra innings, where Bernie Williams ended it in the 11th inning with a walk-off home run into the left field seats off Baltimore's Randy Myers. Game 2 Thursday, October 10, 1996, at Yankee Stadium (I) in Bronx, New York The Yankees struck first in Game 2 on three consecutive leadoff singles in the first off David Wells, the last of", "title": "1996 American League Championship Series" }, { "docid": "1332309", "text": "The 1921 World Series was the championship series in Major League Baseball for the 1921 season. The 18th edition of the World Series, it matched the National League champion New York Giants and the American League champion New York Yankees. The Series matched two distinct teams in strategy with the Giants, dedicated practitioners of the dead-ball era's \"inside game\" and the Yankees, who relied on the \"power game\" exemplified by Babe Ruth, who was coming off of what was arguably his best year ever statistically. This was the first World Series appearance by the Yankees, who have gone on to play in the Series a record 40 times. The 1921 Series was a closely contested matchup that ended on a double play featuring a baserunning miscue. It was also the last of four World Series to use the best-of-nine format, which had been used in the 1903, 1919, and the 1920 editions. The following year, the World Series permanently switched to a best-of-seven game format where it has remained ever since. It was also the first World Series to be broadcast over radio. Background The Series was the last of the experimental best-five-of-nine series, which the Giants won five games to three. All eight games were played at the Polo Grounds in upper Manhattan, New York, each team alternating as the nominal \"home team\" since the Yankees had subleased the stadium from the Giants for the 1913 through 1922 seasons, so that it was the home park for both teams during the regular season in those ten years. This marked the first time in World Series history that the series occurred at a single site. It happened again the following year in the same place with the same two teams, in 1944 at St. Louis' Sportsman's Park between the Cardinals and the Browns, and then again in 2020 when the COVID-19 pandemic necessitated the first-ever neutral-site Series played at Globe Life Field in Arlington, Texas between the Los Angeles Dodgers and Tampa Bay Rays. For New Yorkers, this was the first subway Series in World Series history. It was also the first World Series to be broadcast on radio, with Grantland Rice covering the games live through Pittsburgh's KDKA. It was rebroadcast on WBZ in Massachusetts. Announcer Tommy Cowan also recreated the games over Westinghouse-owned WJZ in Newark as he listened to phoned-in reports from the stadium. Because of an infected arm and a bad knee (which he wrenched in Game 5), Babe Ruth did not start the final three games, appearing only as a pinch-hitter in the final inning of Game 8. Following the Series, Ruth and Bob Meusel did some postseason barnstorming, against the rules for Series participants at that time. Both were suspended for a number of games at the start of the 1922 season. Ruth filed a personal appeal with Commissioner Landis, who upheld their suspensions but agreed to rescind the rule effective the end of that season. Then New York Governor Nathan L. Miller, described", "title": "1921 World Series" }, { "docid": "43088", "text": "Lawrence Peter \"Yogi\" Berra (born Lorenzo Pietro Berra; May 12, 1925 – September 22, 2015) was an American professional baseball catcher who later took on the roles of manager and coach. He played 19 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) (1946–1963, 1965), all but the last for the New York Yankees. He was an 18-time All-Star and won 10 World Series championships as a player—more than any other player in MLB history. Berra had a career batting average of .285, while hitting 358 home runs and 1,430 runs batted in. He is one of only six players to win the American League Most Valuable Player Award three times. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest catchers in baseball history and was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1972. Berra was born in St. Louis, in an Italian community, and signed with the Yankees in 1943 before serving in the United States Navy as a gunner's mate in the Normandy landings during World War II. He was wounded in his left hand, but declined to fill out the paperwork to receive the Purple Heart because he did not want his mother to get a notification telegram and worry that he had been hurt. Berra never received the medal. He made his major-league debut at age 21 in 1946 and was a mainstay in the Yankees' lineup during the team's championship years beginning in 1949 and continuing through 1962. Berra was a power hitter and strong defensive catcher, despite being shorter than most in the league at tall. Berra played 18 seasons with the Yankees before retiring after the 1963 season. He spent the next year as their manager, then joined the New York Mets in 1965 as coach (and briefly a player again). Berra remained with the Mets for the next decade, serving the last four years as their manager. He returned to the Yankees in 1976, coaching them for eight seasons and managing for two, before coaching the Houston Astros. Berra appeared as a player, coach or manager in 13 of 15 World Series that New York baseball teams won from 1947 through 1981. (The Brooklyn Dodgers won the 1955 World Series and the NY Giants won the 1954 World series; Berra was neither a player, coach or manager of either team.) Overall, he played or coached in 21 World Series, 13 on the winning side. Berra caught Don Larsen's perfect game in game five of the 1956 World Series. He also holds the all-time record for shutouts caught with 173. The Yankees retired his uniform number 8 in 1972; Bill Dickey had previously worn number 8, and both catchers had that number retired by the Yankees. The club honored him with a plaque in Monument Park in 1988. Berra was named to the MLB All-Century Team in a vote by fans in 1999. For the remainder of his life, he was closely involved with the Yogi Berra Museum and Learning Center, which he opened on", "title": "Yogi Berra" } ]	[ "2009" ]
train_45947	when did reese 's peanut butter cups start	[ { "docid": "5304432", "text": "Boyer Candy Company is an American candy company located in Altoona, Pennsylvania. The factory is located in the downtown district. Boyer Candy is privately owned by Consolidated Brands, which is owned by the Forgione family. History Boyer was founded during the Great Depression by brothers Bill and Bob Boyer as a means of supplementing their income. The business was originally operated from their own kitchen with their mother and sister hand-wrapping candy as Bill finished making it. Bob sold the candy door to door. Initial products included homemade fudge and nut raisin clusters, but as demand increased, they expanded their offerings and moved production to a new manufacturing facility in 1936. That year, the company's chocolatiers experimented with chocolate covered marshmallow, resulting in Mallo Cups, a cup-shaped candy consisting of a whipped marshmallow creme center covered with chocolate (resembling Reese's Peanut Butter Cups, which were introduced in 1928). In 1969, Boyer was acquired by American Maize-Products, after Bill and Bob Boyer retired from the company. In 1970, a new 32,000 square foot warehouse was constructed. In June 1984, American Maize sold the company to Consolidated Brands, and Consolidated founder Anthony Forgoine became the president of the company. The corporate headquarters were moved from New York to Altoona, PA. Following the death of Anthony Forgoine in 2001, family friend Roy Mollomo became the new president of the company. In 2008, Anthony Forgione II, son of the company's previous owner Anthony Forgione, petitioned the Florida court that put Roy Mollomo in charge of the company. Anthony Forgoine II then became the president of the company, with Robert Faith becoming the CEO. Boyer products For many years, Boyer candy products have included cardboard wrapper inserts, printed with illustrations of coins which can be saved and redeemed for items from the company's prize catalog. This practice continues today. Candy The Boyer Mallo Cup is a milk chocolate cup that contains a whipped marshmallow center invented in 1936. Boyer's other products include Smoothies, a cup with a peanut butter center covered with butterscotch confection, and Peanut Butter Cups, with a peanut butter center covered with chocolate. The company has made other cup candies such as Fluffernutter, a mixture of marshmallow and peanut butter covered in chocolate, and a Minty Mallo. In April 2017, Boyer announced its first new product in 25-years called Jimmie Stix, a blend of pretzels and peanut butter in milk chocolate, in a wrapper similar to the vintage Mallo Cup wrapper. A company press release asserts that the new product \"captures the nostalgia of the company's brands while adding in the necessary components to keep with the trends of the industry.\" Boyer announced in September 2018 the purchase of the Clark Bar following Necco's bankruptcy, keeping alive a Pennsylvania candy that has been around since 1917. Difficulties in reproducing the original Clark Bar's consistency and shape led to the Clark Cup product, with misshaped bars ground and mixed with peanut butter for use as cup filling. The Clark Bar was relaunched and", "title": "Boyer (candy company)" }, { "docid": "1375309", "text": "Peter Pan is an American brand of peanut butter that is marketed by Post Consumer Brands, part of Post Holdings. Named after the J. M. Barrie character, the product was introduced by Swift & Company (originally through their \"Derby Foods\" subsidiary) in 1920 under the name \"E. K. Pond\" and renamed in 1928. History Joseph L. Rosefield patented in 1921 a nonseparating, partially hydrogenated peanut oil peanut butter and licensed his patent to Derby Foods, a subsidiary of Swift & Company. Originally packaged in a tin can with a turn key and reclosable lid, the product's packaging was changed to glass jars because of metal shortages during World War II. In 1988, Peter Pan was the first brand of peanut butter to be sold in plastic jars. The product was the main ingredient in Frankford Candy & Chocolate Company's now-discontinued product, Peter Pan Peanut Butter Cups. On December 8, 2020, Conagra announced that it would sell the Peter Pan brand to Post Holdings. The transaction was completed on January 25, 2021. Promotion Past spokesmen for Peter Pan have included actor Sterling Holloway, actor Mark Linn-Baker, comedian Alan Sues, and game show host Art James. In late August 2007, it was announced that Disney's version of the Peter Pan character would become the mascot for Peter Pan Peanut Butter, alongside many other characters from Disney's 1953 animated film version to appear in their new advertising campaign, possibly in 2009. This would not be the first time: in the mid-1950s, when Peter Pan cosponsored ABC's Disneyland TV series, Tinker Bell often appeared in their ads during the program. In earlier versions of the product, Peter Pan was clearly pictured as a woman in a Peter Pan costume, rather than as a boy. Varieties Peter Pan Peanut Butter is currently sold in 10 varieties: Creamy Original, Crunchy Original, Creamy Whipped, Creamy Honey Roast, Crunchy Honey Roast, Natural Creamy, Natural Creamy Honey Roast, Original Almond Butter, Vanilla Roast Almond Butter, and Honey Roast Almond Butter. Recall In February and March 2007, Peter Pan and some Great Value (Walmart's store brand) peanut butters were linked to 425 cases of salmonellosis across the United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention officials believe this is the first Salmonella outbreak involving peanut butter to occur in the United States. The recall involved both Peter Pan and some Great Value peanut butter with a product code starting with the digits \"2111\". The recall included all ConAgra-produced peanut butter sold in the United States since October 2004. Peter Pan products returned to stores in late August 2007. References External links Peanut butter brands Peter Pan Products introduced in 1920 Post Consumer Brands brands", "title": "Peter Pan (peanut butter)" } ]	[ { "docid": "2086362", "text": "Christopher George Manak (born October 8, 1969 ), better known by his stage name Peanut Butter Wolf, is an American disc jockey and record producer from San Jose, California. He is based in Los Angeles, where he moved to in 2000. He is the founder of Stones Throw Records. Career In 1989, Peanut Butter Wolf met rapper Charizma. They became friends and started making music together. They made a name for themselves in San Jose and the Bay Area through their live shows and demo tapes. Charizma was shot dead in 1993. In 1996, Peanut Butter Wolf founded Stones Throw Records, which would release the duo's Big Shots in 2003. In 1999, Peanut Butter Wolf released My Vinyl Weighs a Ton. It peaked at number 44 on the UK Independent Albums Chart. In 2010, Jeff Weiss of Los Angeles Times called it \"a crate-digging classic that remains one of the seminal statements of the underground golden era.\" Discography Studio albums My Vinyl Weighs a Ton (1999) Big Shots (2003) Compilation albums Peanut Butter Breaks (1994) Peanut Butter Wolf's Jukebox 45's (2002) Chrome Children (2006) Chrome Children Vol. 2 (2007) B-Ball Zombie War (2007) Straight to Tape 1990-1992 (2009) Circa 1990-1993 (2014) Mixtapes Fusion Beats (2002) Badmeaningood Vol.3 (2003) 666 Mix (2006) Chrome Mix (2006) Zombie Playoffs (2007) Ladies First (2007) Be Our Valentine (2008) EPs Step on Our Ego's? (1996) Lunar Props (1996) Styles, Crews, Flows, Beats (1998) Big Shots Bonus EP (2004) Singles \"My World Premiere\" (1996) \"Run the Line\" / \"The Undercover (Clear & Present Danger)\" (1997) \"Definition of Ill\" (1999) \"Tale of Five Cities\" (1999) \"Devotion\" (2000) \"Here's a Smirk\" (2003) \"Jack the Mack\" (2003) Guest appearances BT - \"Love on Haight Street\" from Movement in Still Life (1999) Deltron 3030 - \"St. Catherine St.\" from Deltron 3030 (2000) Scuba Chicken- \"Butane Fuel on da BBC\" and \"Voicemail\" from Quantity Over Quality (2004) Scuba Chicken - \"Stop Calling Me\" from Let's Play Doctor (2006) Productions Kool Keith - \"Wanna Be a Star\" (1996) References External links Peanut Butter Wolf at Stones Throw Records Living people Musicians from San Jose, California American hip hop DJs American hip hop record producers Stones Throw Records artists Record producers from California 1969 births", "title": "Peanut Butter Wolf" }, { "docid": "39155834", "text": "Frosty Paws, formerly Pet79 and Fido Freeze, is a brand of ice cream, specifically formulated and sold for dogs. It is produced by Nestlé, under their Nestlé Dreyer's Ice Cream Company ice cream unit, branded under the Purina brand name. History Beginning − 1985 Frosty Paws were originally exclusively available in the original (Vanilla)-flavor ice cream cups. The ice cream cups were originally invented in the 1970s by Dr William Tyznik, a professor emeritus of animal science at The Ohio State University. Diane McIntyre, Nestlé spokeswoman stated, \"He was a regular visitor to his local ice cream parlour, where he often saw two elderly ladies feeding ice cream to their dogs. When he advised them that this was not the most suitable food for their pets, the ladies challenged him to create a dog-friendly alternative.\" Tyznik sampled several various recipes with his own dogs. Finally, in 1979, with the help of two friends, Peter DeMarco and Dale Cook, Tyznik's decided to launch of the Vanilla flavor of Frosty Paws ice cream cups, under the first, and original brand name Pet79. The product was the first frozen treat for dogs ever introduced onto The United States market. Tyznik later went on to create and produce TizWhiz horse feed, and Cycle. By 1981, the brand's name was changed to Fido Freeze. 1985−present, Acquisition By Drumstick, and Nestlé In 1985, Frosty Paws was acquired by the Drumstick Ice Cream Company for an undisclosed amount. Frosty Paws was owned by Drumstick for a total of six years. In 1991, Drumstick, along with the Frosty Paws brand was in turn acquired by Nestlé. Nestlé went on to introduce a Peanut Butter flavor of Frosty Paws ice cream cups in 2005, based on research carried out by its Purina PetCare Company division into dogs' preferred tastes. On August 19, 2011, Nestlé unveiled Frosty Paws Bites, a line of bite-sized, which specially formulated for dogs, who are lactose intolerant and cannot properly digest dairy products such as normal ice cream. Frosty Paws Bites contain vitamins and minerals, and are milk-free. They are available in Vanilla or Peanut Butter flavors (as are the ice cream cup variety of Frosty Paws), and coated with vanilla yogurt (a major difference from the ice cream cup range, as they are not coated in vanilla yogurt), they are the second, and latest line of products from the Frosty Paws brand. About Frosty Paws produces and manufactures two product ranges. The first product range is Frosty Paws Ice Cream Cups, this was the first product line that the company created. It was first marketed as Pet79 Ice Cream Cups, then as Fido Freeze Ice Cream Cups. Originally, Frosty Paws did contain lactose, powdered milk, refined soy flour, corn oil, and fortified vitamins and minerals; it had a vitamin content higher than meat. Its original flavor was vanilla. Tyznik stated that: However, Frosty Paws does not currently contain lactose, as dogs are lactose intolerant animals, and cannot properly digest lactose. Thus, Frosty Paws products", "title": "Frosty Paws" }, { "docid": "60357410", "text": "Gibi ASMR (; born December 19, 1994) is an American ASMR performer, YouTube personality, Twitch streamer, and cosplayer. Early life Gibi has a background in theater and film, and graduated with the class of 2017 from Northwestern University's School of Communication with a Bachelor of Science in Film. Career During the early years of ASMR content, Gibi was a high school sophomore with anxiety and insomnia when YouTube's recommendation algorithm introduced her to the genre. After watching and listening to ASMR for years, Gibi created her YouTube channel in June 2016, before her senior year of college. That summer, she began cosplaying and attending anime conventions; inspired by earlier creators, she incorporated these interests into role-play ASMR videos, which feature both existing and original characters. From the start, Gibi intended to treat video-making as a full-time job, which included taking her winter quarter off from college to focus on production. Within six months of graduating, she was earning enough to create videos full-time, and after a year reached one million subscribers. At the suggestion of her editor, Gibi created her Twitch channel in 2017, on which she streams ASMR and plays video games. In 2019, she hosted a web miniseries by Rooster Teeth called Encounter Culture. Polydor Records contacted Gibi in 2019 and asked if she would perform an ASMR read-through of Billie Eilish's album, When We All Fall Asleep, Where Do We Go?. Gibi recorded the project for free; since its upload it has amassed over 3 million views. That summer, Gibi was hired to star in Reese The Movie: A Movie About Reese, an official feature-length ASMR project about Reese's Peanut Butter Cups. In August 2022, Gibi and two other popular YouTube personalities, Charles \"MoistCr1TiKaL\" White and Tyler \"Jimmy Here\" Collins, formed their own talent agency, Mana Talent Group, focused on online creators. Reception Gibi is considered one of YouTube's top ASMR creators. Her videos have been recommended by authors for Bustle, Den of Geek, Heavy.com, and Insider. Writing for The New York Times Magazine, Jamie Lauren Keiles called Gibi \"the LeBron James of touching stuff,\" and wrote favorably of her genuine online persona. Personal life Gibi takes strict privacy precautions for the sake of friends and family. In the past, she refrained from sharing her relationship status or city of residence. In 2019, Gibi married her husband, Ben, whom she met at Northwestern and today manages her business affairs. The couple relocated in January 2020, revealing their former residence was in a suburb of Chicago. In November 2020, Gibi revealed her first name as Gina. References External links Official site Gibi's channel on YouTube Gibi's channel on Twitch Gibi ASMR on Spotify Gibi ASMR on Twitter 1994 births Living people American YouTubers Cosplayers Practitioners of autonomous sensory meridian response American Twitch (service) streamers", "title": "Gibi ASMR" }, { "docid": "55994083", "text": "The 2018 Senior Bowl was an all-star college football exhibition game featuring players from the 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season, and prospects for the 2018 draft of the professional National Football League (NFL). The game was the last of the 2017–18 bowl games and the final game of the 2017 FBS football season. It was sponsored by Reese's Peanut Butter Cups and was officially known as the Reese's Senior Bowl. The game was played on January 27, 2018, at 1:30 p.m. CST, at Ladd–Peebles Stadium in Mobile, Alabama, between \"North\" and \"South\" teams; coverage of the event was provided by NFL Network. Bowl organizers announced that, for the first time, RFID devices would be used to track players and footballs during practices and the game. The maker of the RFID devices, Zebra Sports Solutions, was also announced as a corporate sponsor of the game. Rosters In late December 2017, bowl organizers announced that Heisman Trophy winner Baker Mayfield of Oklahoma would appear in the game; the most recent Heisman Trophy winner to play in the Senior Bowl was Tim Tebow in the 2010 game. Full rosters were announced on January 18, 2018. The head coaches were Vance Joseph of the Denver Broncos and Bill O' Brien of the Houston Texans, for the North and South teams, respectively. North team Source: Luke Falk switched his uniform number from 4 to 3 in honor of Tyler Hilinski. South team Source: Game summary Scoring summary Source: Note: special playing rules detailed here. Senior Bowl rules require teams to attempt 2-point conversions during the 2nd quarter. Statistics Source: References Further reading External links 2018 Reese's Senior Bowl Full Game Replay via YouTube Senior Bowl Senior Bowl January 2018 sports events in the United States Senior Bowl", "title": "2018 Senior Bowl" }, { "docid": "26693124", "text": "Lovin' Scoopful is a private company categorized under Ice Cream and Frozen Desserts-Distributors, located in Seattle, Washington. Founded in February, 2008, Lovin' Scoopful donates 25% of its profits to the Special Olympics International. This churned light ice cream focuses in an all-natural base product that comes from the milk and cream of cows not treated with the cow growth hormone, rBST. Overview Lovin' Scoopful is a socio-friendly company founded by Daniel H. Samson, Angelo Moratti, Maria Shriver and Timothy P. Shriver, and they are the four principal architects of Lovin’ Scoopful LLC. Product and flavors Lovin’ Scoopful is a churned light premium ice cream composed of half the fat of full fat premium ice cream This brand has a line up of thirteen flavors that include: Caramel Chocolate Crispy Treat: Uses creamy vanilla with chocolate covered crispy rice pieces, and then swirl in a thick caramel ribbon. Oh My Blueberry Pie: Uses swirled blueberry ribbon into churned light blueberry ice cream and then mixed in sugar coated pie crust pieces. Super Duper Peanut Butter Cup: Uses churned light peanut butter ice cream loaded with mini peanut butter cups and slathered in a thick fudge ribbon. Mintalicious: Uses green mint flavor by mixing in mint filled milk chocolate hearts along with the chocolate chips. Cozy Vanilla: Made with all natural bourbon vanilla extract. Out of this World Chocolate: Uses exotic rich chocolate. So Good Cookies and Cream: Uses milk chocolate and cookies & cream churned light ice cream. Caramel Chocolate Heaven: Churned light caramel ice cream is packed with caramel filled chocolate cups and slathered in a thick fudge ribbon. Yummy Cake & Cookie Dough: Uses cake batter mixed in chunks of chocolate and heaps of chocolate chip cookie dough. What the Fudge!: Made exotically rich 'Out of This World' chocolate smothered with fudge. Baba's Butter Pecan Brittle: Uses butter pecan brittle bits. Mad About Mud Pie: Made with coffee, cookies and cream, almonds and fudge. Rockin’ Raspberry Cheesecake: Made with raspberries and cheesecake bits. Distribution Lovin’ Scoopful launched its product on February 11, 2008 in Seattle, Washington. This brand began as a regional ice cream servicing Northern California and the Canada–US border on the northern edge of the state of Washington, and it can now can be found in most western states and has expanded eastward, available now in thirteen different flavors. References External links Official Lovin' Scoopful Website Lovin' Scoopful Facebook Page Lovin' Scoopful Twitter Profile Ice cream brands Food and drink companies established in 2008 California culture", "title": "Lovin' Scoopful" }, { "docid": "5921129", "text": "Peanut paste is a product of peanuts used in sauces, cookies, crackers (and other baked goods), breakfast cereals and ice cream. 'Peanut paste' is the main ingredient in some peanut butter recipes. Method Peanut paste is obtained by several methods in which raw peanuts are roasted, blanched, and ground to create the peanut paste. Distinction from peanut butter The distinction between peanut paste and peanut butter is not always clear cut in ordinary use. Food labelling in Australia The term has been used in Queensland, Australia, as a synonym for peanut butter. This followed pressure from dairy farmers who did not want peanut butter competing with butter for market share. The product was known in Western Australia and South Australia for many years as peanut paste because, by definition, butter is a dairy product. The same product was available in other states as peanut butter. Manufacturers complained about having to produce different labels for different states and the Western Australian government changed the rules on the use of the word butter to allow for one set of labels. As ingredient of peanut butter Peanut butter may be made from peanut paste mixed with a stabilizing agent, a sweetening agent, salt, and optionally, an emulsifying agent. In such formulas, peanut paste acts as the main ingredient in peanut butter, from 75% to as much as 99% of the recipe. Peanut butter is mainly known for being sold as a spread, and peanut paste is regularly sold to be used as an ingredient in cookies, cakes and a number of other retail food products. See also List of peanut dishes References Peanut butter Food paste", "title": "Peanut paste" }, { "docid": "20995838", "text": "Sunflower butter, also known as sunflower seed butter, is a food paste made from sunflower seeds. Sunflower butter is commonly used as a substitute for peanut butter when allergies are a concern. History U.S. commercial versions of sunflower butter were first introduced in the early 1980s as alternatives to peanut butter, particularly for those with nut allergies or peanut allergies. These attempts were unsuccessful, which was attributed to issues with its greenish appearance, \"poor texture\", and a bitter, under-roasted taste. Two decades later, in 2000, researchers at the Agricultural Research Service of the Department of Agriculture, working with sunflower seed processor Red River Commodities, developed a formulation that \"resembled the texture, flavor, and nutty appearance of commercially available peanut butter\", focusing on the degree of roasting and the amounts of sugar, salt, and stabilizer (hydrogenated cottonseed and rapeseed oils). Their subsidiary, SunGold Foods, Inc., introduced their sunflower seed butter, marketed under the name SunButter, in 2002. By 2011, SunButter became available at major grocery retailers. Several major grocery chains and online retailers now produce store-brand sunflower butter. Sunflower seed butter can also be made in home kitchens using a food processor or high speed blender. Potential allergen Due to the prevalence of peanut allergies, schools may offer peanut-free menu options or implement entirely nut-free policies. Sunflower butter may be an alternative in schools where peanut butter and other nuts are banned, although some people with peanut allergies may also be allergic to sunflower seed butter. Sunflower butter can also be used as a dip for fruit and vegetables, in a sandwich, or in recipes that call for peanut butter; peanut butter, however, contains higher levels of protein. See also List of spreads References Nut and seed butters Helianthus", "title": "Sunflower butter" }, { "docid": "14044206", "text": "Squirrel was a Canadian brand of peanut butter, marketed from about 1915 to about 2000. History Squirrel was originally manufactured by the Canada Nut Co. Ltd. of Vancouver, B.C., in 1915. For its initial 25 years or more it was marketed through Western Canada. Canada Nut Co created a subsidiary for their peanut products around 1931, called Squirrel Brand Products. The company was acquired by Vancouver food wholesaler Kelly, Douglas & Co in 1944, who continued to market Squirrel under the former Canada Nut Co moniker. In 1958 a second production plant was opened in the Toronto area (Ajax). By 1959 it was marketed across Canada through the Nabob Foods Limited division of Kelly, Douglas & Co. Ltd., then of Burnaby, B.C., which in turn was controlled by George Weston Limited and Loblaw Companies. In May, 1975, George Weston Ltd. sold the 81-per-cent interest it held in Kelly, Douglas to Loblaws. In 1976 Nabob Foods Ltd. became a wholly owned subsidiary of Jacobs Suchard AG of Switzerland. In June, 1981, Nabob Foods Ltd. sold the Squirrel brand to Canada Packers Inc., to focus on its coffee business. In December, 1990, Canada Packers sold the peanut butter business to a subsidiary of CPC International of Englewood Cliffs, N.J. CPC decided it would continue making Squirrel peanut butter, along with Skippy peanut butter, at a Montreal plant, owned by Best Foods Canada Inc., a subsidiary of CPC's Toronto-based subsidiary, Canada Starch Inc. In 1997 CPC International split into Bestfoods Corp. and Corn Products International, Inc. Unilever PLC (ULVR) London took over Bestfoods Corp. in June, 2000, for $20.3-billion (U.S.), acquiring the Squirrel brand in Canada. It discontinued the Squirrel brand, marketing only the Skippy brand after its acquisition, despite Squirrel's longer history in Canada. Unilever temporarily renamed Skippy in Canada as \"Skippy the Squirrel\", featuring a redrawn squirrel on the label (Skippy had previously used a stylized peanut as its mascot). The Skippy brand was withdrawn from the Canadian market in 2017. Characteristics Squirrel was known for containing one whole peanut which lay on the top of the peanut butter when the jar was first opened, hence the slogan \"The One With The Peanut On Top!\" The peanut on top was eliminated when rebranded as Skippy. The brand was also known for \"peanut points,\" which could be collected and redeemed for prizes. The mascot was a brown squirrel wearing a green sweater, smiling and sometimes holding a peanut. The slogan The One With the Peanut on Top was actually originally from York Peanut Butter and was transferred to Squirrel with Canada Packers purchase of the brand. Marketing During the early 1960s Nabob used Joe Kapp, while he played for the BC Lions football team, to market Squirrel throughout British Columbia, helping him acquire the nickname \"Peanut butter Joe\". References Former Unilever brands Peanut butter brands", "title": "Squirrel (peanut butter)" }, { "docid": "74190905", "text": "The 2024 Senior Bowl was a college football all-star game played on February 3, 2024, at Hancock Whitney Stadium located in Mobile, Alabama. The game featured prospects for the upcoming 2024 draft of the professional National Football League (NFL), mostly coming from the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS). It was one of the 2023–24 bowl games concluding the 2023 FBS football season. The game began at approximately 12:00 p.m. Central Time and was officially known as the Reese's Senior Bowl via sponsorship from Reese's Peanut Butter Cups. Television coverage was provided by NFL Network. Players National team Full roster online . American team Full roster online . See also 2024 NFL draft References External links Game statistics at statbroadcast.com Senior Bowl Senior Bowl Senior Bowl", "title": "2024 Senior Bowl" }, { "docid": "15353664", "text": "NutRageous is a chocolate bar made by The Hershey Company. It consists of Reese's Peanut Butter topped with roasted peanuts and caramel covered in chocolate-flavored coating. Overview Developed as a candy bar loosely based on the Reese's Peanut Butter Cup, NutRageous was first sold in 1994. NutRageous was originally called Acclaim, but this name was changed just prior to its release due to focus groups (mainly of children) responding more to the \"NutRageous\" branding. In 2014, \"NutRageous\" was rebranded as \"Nut Bar\" internationally and the weight of the bar was reduced from 51 g to 47 g. Product variation In May 2018, Hershey's released \"Reese's Outrageous\"; a variation of NutRageous which substitutes Reese's Pieces for the roasted peanuts. Ingredients One Nutrageous bar contains approximately 240 calories. Although Nutrageous candy bars do not contain gluten ingredients, they are not certified as gluten-free. See also List of peanut dishes References External links Chocolate bars Peanut confectionery The Hershey Company brands Products introduced in 1994 Brand name confectionery", "title": "NutRageous" }, { "docid": "52618820", "text": "The 2017 Senior Bowl was an all-star college football exhibition game featuring players from the 2016 NCAA Division I FBS football season, and prospects for the 2017 Draft of the professional National Football League (NFL). The game concluded the post-season that began on December 17, 2016. It was sponsored by Reese's Peanut Butter Cups and is officially known as the Reese's Senior Bowl. The game was coached by John Fox of the Chicago Bears and Hue Jackson of the Cleveland Browns. The Game was played on January 28, 2017, at 1:30 p.m. CST, at Ladd–Peebles Stadium in Mobile, Alabama, between \"North\" and \"South\" teams. Coverage of the event was provided by NFL Network. Rosters The entire roster was announced on January 18. Western Michigan's Corey Davis was unable to attend the Senior Bowl after suffering a shoulder injury. North Team South Team Game summary Scoring summary Statistics References Senior Bowl Senior Bowl January 2017 sports events in the United States Senior Bowl", "title": "2017 Senior Bowl" }, { "docid": "31239265", "text": "An expatriate delicatessen, expat foodstore or expat supermarket is a delicatessen (European meaning) that specialise in selling food and drink of particular country to expatriates and food enthusiasts who can't find such items in local food shops. These are usually set-up in areas of high expatriate areas to gain maximum sales or on-line. Unlike an ethnic grocer which tends to sell a mixture of products and goods, an expatiate delicatessen tends to sell items from one particular place such as Portugal or region like Eastern Europe. As they are specialised food stores, they charge high prices (usually several times their value) due to a lack of competition, high local duties and low orders from their suppliers. They also sometimes sell items in relation to the area like cooking equipment or native-language media that are hard to find in regular shops. Items Examples of the items that are sold in these stores such as in an American expatriate delicatessen are Lucky Charms breakfast cereal, 3 Musketeers, Hershey's chocolate and Reese's Peanut Butter Cups confectionery, Fluff marshmallow spread, A1 steak sauce and Mountain Dew fizzy drink, while a Polish store sells jarred bigos, sauerkraut, gherkins, smetana and kielbasa wiejska sausage. Such items are usually either directly imported from the country or ordered through grey market importers. Some items are impossible to import as the local country bans them or controls their imports. For example, Mountain Dew is banned in the UK as it contains an ingredient (BVO) which is not allowed in the local food chain. See also List of delicatessens Specialty food References Expatriates Delicatessens", "title": "Expatriate delicatessen" }, { "docid": "58439180", "text": "The 2019 Senior Bowl was an all-star college football exhibition game played on January 26, 2019, at 1:30 p.m. CST, at Ladd–Peebles Stadium in Mobile, Alabama. The game featured prospects for the 2019 draft of the professional National Football League (NFL), predominantly from the 2018 NCAA Division I FBS football season, rostered into \"North\" and \"South\" teams. The game was the last of the 2018–19 bowl games and the final game of the 2018 FBS football season. It was sponsored by Reese's Peanut Butter Cups and officially known as the Reese's Senior Bowl, with television coverage provided by NFL Network. Coaching staffs were announced on December 31, 2018; Jon Gruden and the Oakland Raiders staff for the North team, and Kyle Shanahan and the San Francisco 49ers staff for the South team. Players In August 2018, bowl organizers had an initial \"watch list\" of 374 players, with a total of 110 players to be invited to the game. By mid-December, 95 players had accepted invitations to play in the game, with eight quarterbacks announced. Players who accepted invitations to the game are listed on the official website. While team assignments follow general geographical guidelines (e.g. Penn State players on the North roster), there are multiple variances due to competitive and roster-balancing considerations (e.g. Buffalo players on the South roster). North team Full roster online here. South team Full roster online here. Hills was MVP of 2019 NFLPA Collegiate Bowl Game summary Scoring summary Note: special playing rules detailed here. Source: Statistics Source: Source: References Further reading External links Box score at ESPN 2019 NFL Draft recap at seniorbowl.com Senior Bowl Senior Bowl January 2019 sports events in the United States Senior Bowl", "title": "2019 Senior Bowl" }, { "docid": "62311058", "text": "The 2020 Senior Bowl was an all-star college football exhibition game played on January 25, 2020, at 1:30 p.m. CST, at Ladd–Peebles Stadium in Mobile, Alabama. The game featured prospects for the 2020 draft of the professional National Football League (NFL), predominantly from the 2019 NCAA Division I FBS football season, rostered into \"North\" and \"South\" teams. It was one of the final 2019–20 bowl games concluding the 2019 FBS football season. It was sponsored by Reese's Peanut Butter Cups and was officially known as the Reese's Senior Bowl, with television coverage provided by NFL Network. Coaching staffs for the Senior Bowl are selected from NFL teams that did not qualify for the postseason. The Detroit Lions and Cincinnati Bengals were selected to coach in 2020, led by head coaches Matt Patricia and Zac Taylor, respectively. The Lions coached the North team, while the Bengals coached the South team. This would prove to be the last Senior Bowl played at Ladd–Peebles Stadium. On March 4, 2020, game organizers announced that future editions would remain in Mobile, but move to Hancock Whitney Stadium, set to open in fall 2020 on the campus of the University of South Alabama. Players Organizers maintained a \"watch list\" of hundreds of players, with a maximum of 110 players invited to the game. Players who accepted invitations to the game were listed on the official website, with complete rosters presented below. While team assignments for the North and South squads follow general geographical guidelines, there are usually multiple variances due to competitive and roster-balancing considerations. Players were from FBS programs, unless marked otherwise in the \"College\" column. North team Full roster online here. South team Full roster online here. Quarterback Jalen Hurts was provided with a special helmet for the Senior Bowl, representing Alabama on one side and Oklahoma on the other side, the two college programs that he played for. Game summary Note: special playing rules detailed here. Statistics References External links NCAAF 2020 Reese's Senior Bowl via YouTube Senior Bowl Senior Bowl Senior Bowl Senior Bowl", "title": "2020 Senior Bowl" }, { "docid": "3215300", "text": "Harry Burnett Reese (May 24, 1879 – May 16, 1956) was an American inventor and businessman known for creating the number one-selling candy brand in the United States; Reese's Peanut Butter Cups, and founding the H. B. Reese Candy Company. In 2009, he was posthumously inducted into the Candy Hall of Fame. Early life H. B. Reese was born on May 24, 1879, on the Frosty Hill Farm, an agricultural and dairy farm located near the Muddy Creek Forks Historic District in York County, Pennsylvania. He was of Welsh and English descent and was the only child of Annie Belinda Manifold (1854–1935) and Aquilla Asbury Reese Jr. (1845–1914). When it came to earning money as a young man, Reese was creative. He farmed the land, but also milked cows because doing so was a quick way to earn cash. He even built a pond where he raised frogs that he sold to restaurants in the Baltimore area. By 1898, Reese was an accomplished French horn player who performed with local area bands. Marriage and family On August 1, 1900, Reese married Blanche Edna Hyson (1882–1968), the daughter of Mary Elizabeth Markey (1857–1952) and Robert Bortner Hyson (1853–1930). Together they had 16 children, 8 daughters and 8 sons (13 of whom survived to adulthood). Reese's mother Annie Belinda Manifold (1854–1935) and her sisters Elizabeth Turner Manifold (1846–1910) and Mary Collins Manifold (1847–1933) lived with him for the rest of their lives. At least 20 family members were present during a typical Reese family supper and sometimes more than 40. Early career By 1903, Reese was managing the fishing operations of his father-in-law's cannery business located in Ditchley, Virginia. In 1912 he managed a dairy farm in Woodbine, Pennsylvania, but took a factory job in New Freedom, Pennsylvania, in 1915 to support his growing family. Dairy manager for Mr. Hershey In 1916, Reese read an ad in the York Daily Record by Milton S. Hershey seeking to hire people to manage and operate his numerous dairy farms that were located in the Hershey, Pennsylvania, area. In 1917, Hershey hired Reese to work as a dairyman at Farm 28-A. In 1918, Hershey asked Reese to manage a dairy farm called the Round Barn. Hershey visited the Round Barn every two weeks because it was an experimental dairy farm that used new milking machines (more efficient than milking cows by hand) as he sought new approaches to animal treatment and milk production. In 1919, Hershey found the Round Barn too expensive to operate and closed it. Early candy ventures R&R Candy Company Jobless in 1919, Reese formed a new business called the R&R Candy Company that he operated from an old canning factory located in Hummelstown, Pennsylvania, where he manufactured milk chocolate covered almonds and raisins, selling them to local stores. Superior Chocolate and Confectionery Company Reese knew he needed high-quality manufacturing equipment in order to boost the potential of his Hummelstown, Pennsylvania, candy business. In January 1920, he reorganized the R&R Candy Company", "title": "H. B. Reese" }, { "docid": "45229289", "text": "Spreading from the Ashes is a compilation album by the Los Angeles psychedelic rock band The Peanut Butter Conspiracy (PBC). In total, there are 26 tracks composed of early work, from when the band was known as The Ashes as well as their beginnings as The Peanut Butter Conspiracy. Background The Ashes were a folk rock group that briefly existed from 1965 to 1966. They released some singles on the Vault label that met with little success before disbanding in 1966. Three ex-members Alan Brackett, Barbara Robison, and John Merill along with newcomers Jim Foigt and Lance Fent formed the PBC in late 1966. The compilation is composed of seven official releases by the PBC that were recorded within the years 1966 and 1967. This includes their time with Vault Records and the jump to the larger Columbia Records label. Another seven, both released and unreleased, were recorded under the group's previous band, The Ashes. This compilation marked the first time The Ashes' recordings are distributed on compact disc. The Ashes' recordings are more folk rock oriented compared to the PBC's psychedelic style that is associated with them. Remaining are out-takes, demo recordings, and live takes of PBC recordings that were not yet officially released. The one live track, \"You Should Know\", was recorded in 1967, and gives a different perspective on the band that their studio albums could not capture. A twenty-page booklet of interviews and quotes from band members was written by Alec Palao and included in the album. The compilation was digitally re-released in 2013 by Ace Records. Track listing The Ashes - Time Is After You 2:50 The Peanut Butter Conspiracy - Love's Last Ground 2:11 The Ashes - Is There Anything I Can Do 2:28 The Peanut Butter Conspiracy - Eventually 1:52 The Ashes - Dark on You Now 4:00 The Ashes - Winds Up High 2:15 The Peanut Butter Conspiracy - Free 2:59 The Peanut Butter Conspiracy - Big Bummer 2:45 The Peanut Butter Conspiracy - Light Bulb Blues 2:17 The Ashes - Let's Take Our Love 2:10 The Peanut Butter Conspiracy - Enchanted World 2:08 The Peanut Butter Conspiracy - I'm Falling 2:38 The Peanut Butter Conspiracy - Flight of the Psychedelic Bumble Bee 2:00 The Peanut Butter Conspiracy - Foolhearted Woman 3:16 The Peanut Butter Conspiracy - Shirley Can You Come Out and Play 2:47 The Peanut Butter Conspiracy - 1-9-6-7 1:59 The Ashes - So Lonely 2:57 The Peanut Butter Conspiracy - Floating Dream 2:10 The Peanut Butter Conspiracy - Shuffle Tune 2:15 The Peanut Butter Conspiracy - Moment of Happiness 1:41 The Ashes - Hangman 2:56 The Ashes - Roses Gone 2:48 The Peanut Butter Conspiracy - Make Someone Happy 2:06 The Peanut Butter Conspiracy - The Naturally (Wintry Ways) 4:26 The Peanut Butter Conspiracy - Taste of Something New 3:02 The Peanut Butter Conspiracy - You Should Know (Live) 5:37 References 2005 compilation albums The Peanut Butter Conspiracy albums", "title": "Spreading from the Ashes" }, { "docid": "1641579", "text": "Oompas, now discontinued, were candy produced under the Willy Wonka brand name. They were labeled as ‘Peanut Butter Oompas’. The candy produced from 1971 to 1983 was similar to today's Reese's Pieces and peanut butter M&M's (though bigger). Under the candy coating was a candy disk of one-half peanut butter, and one-half chocolate. In 1980, they were briefly available in a chocolate and strawberry (instead of peanut butter) variety. In 2001, Wonka, then a Nestlé subsidiary, revived the brand name for a chewy Skittles-like candy that came in a variety of fruit flavors: Green Apple, Cherry, Lemon, Orange, Grape, and Strawberry. These were simply labeled ‘Oompas’. The UK version had a different, more eccentric flavour variety: jam doughnut, rhubarb and custard, snozzberry (mixed fruit), popcorn, caterpillar (cucumber) and mashed potato. They were named after The Oompa-Loompas from the Roald Dahl children's book Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, from which the Wonka company takes its name. External links Oompas - Peanut Butter Wrapper Oompas - Candy Blog The Willy Wonka Candy Company brands Nestlé brands Candy", "title": "Oompas" }, { "docid": "15414730", "text": "Michaela Maree Gehrmann (born 28 June 1984), who performs as Micky Green, is an Australian-born blues and pop singer-songwriter. Green left home at the age of 18 years to work in modelling but has mainly concentrated on her music career. At the age of 21 Green relocated to Paris, France. Her debut album White T-Shirt was released there on 27 August 2007, which peaked at No. 12 on the French Albums Chart. Her second album, Honky Tonk, appeared on 18 January 2010, and reached the top 40. Her most popular single, \"Oh!\", was issued in May 2008 and peaked at No. 12 on the French Singles Chart. As a model Green has worked for Christian Dior and Diesel but by 2010 she had \"all but quit modelling\". Biography Micky Green was born as Michaela Maree Gehrmann on 28 June 1984 and grew up in Sydney. She has both Dutch and German ancestry. Her father, Mark David Gehrmann (born 7 July 1960), an avionics technician/singer, and mother, Alice June Schüssler (born 1 June 1959), a teacher, were married in 1981. Green has an older sister, Anneke Naomi. After her parents separated in 1993, they were raised by their mother. According to Green \"I started singing very young with my father who plays the guitar. Then I started playing drums when I was 11, and the piano when I was 14. I started writing around the same time\". Green played drums in a jazz and rock band at her secondary school, Asquith Girls High School, and graduated from year 12 in 2001. As a teenager, she was writing songs – one of her first efforts was about a tissue box. She keeps a notebook and has mostly written in airports and hotel rooms. Her first demos were recorded on her computer. To beat out the time, she used the sound of a pen on the table, a box, or her leg. Green started working as a model and was discovered in a Sydney shopping centre and was signed by Vivien's Model Management. At the age of 21 Green relocated to Paris, France in 2005. She released her first album White T-Shirt on 27 August 2007, working with producer, Renaud Létang (Teki Latex). It peaked at No. 12 on the French Albums Chart. Allmusic's reviewer, Celeste Rhoads, found a \"rare gem, drifting playfully along ... There are no songs to skip here; this is perfect soft pop meant to be played through to its flawless end\". Upon its Australian release, The Sun-Heralds Craig Mathieson compared her work favourably with Tori Amos (\"more focussed\") and KT Tunstall (\"stripped-down\"). Green's most popular single, \"Oh!\", was issued in May 2008 and reached No. 12 on the French Singles Chart. Mathieson noted \"Oh!\" has \"[s]parse, jazz-inflected beats play-off popping finger clicks and piano parts\". It was used in the V Australia series of television advertising, and in an ad for Reese's Peanut Butter Cups in the United States. As a model Green has worked for Christian Dior", "title": "Micky Green" }, { "docid": "8773907", "text": "Charles Edward Hicks Jr. (July 6, 1973 – December 16, 1993), also known by his stage name Charizma, was an MC from Milpitas, California. He is best known for his work with Peanut Butter Wolf; the two artists formed a duo after meeting in 1990. Their musical partnership was cut short prior to Charizma's murder in December 1993. Biography Charizma was 13 when he started rapping at high school talent shows. He was 16 when he met 19-year-old Chris Manak, also known as Peanut Butter Wolf, in 1990. They became best friends, recording several demos and performing live in the San Jose area. After hearing Charizma on San Jose State's KSJS 90.5 FM, Matt Brown approached Charizma and Peanut Butter Wolf, offering to become their manager. Charizma and Peanut Butter Wolf agreed and began looking for a record label. After entertaining offers from some major record labels, including Columbia Records, they signed with the Disney-owned record label Hollywood Basic, now Hollywood Records. While signed to Hollywood Basic, Charizma and Peanut Butter Wolf recorded several tracks but Hollywood Basic did not release an album due to creative differences between the artists and the label. Charizma stated, \"The stuff we wanted to do was not what Hollywood wanted. When we first got signed they kept asking us for more and more songs. After we got signed they were turning things down left and right. They were talking about bringing outside producers—but Pete Rock & CL Smooth never had outside producers, Gang Starr never did. It's like they almost liked the image [of us] more.\" Only a promotional cassette with the single \"Red Light, Green Light\" and a flexi disc with the single \"Jack the Mack\" that was featured in an issue of the Bay area hip hop zine Bomb Magazine were released while signed to Hollywood Basic. Despite not having released an album, the duo gained a following. They routinely performed live in the Bay Area, toured Germany with label mates Raw Fusion and were featured in Billboard magazine. They also opened for Nas and The Pharcyde, but the conflicts with Hollywood Basic's executives continued and they were released from their contract. Charizma was shot dead in a mugging outside a church in East Palo Alto on December 16, 1993. While headed to pick up his mother, Charizma was sitting in his car at a stoplight in front of a church in East Palo Alto when a man approached his car and shot him once in the chest, killing him. The suspect was found later that day. Peanut Butter Wolf retained the tracks recorded while signed to Hollywood Basic and after founding his own record label, Stones Throw Records, posthumously released an EP called M-Town and the full length Big Shots album in 2003, over 10 years after the tracks were originally recorded. Big Shots was well received by critics, reaching number 3 on CMJ's hip hop chart. Discography Albums See also List of murdered hip hop musicians References External links Charizma", "title": "Charizma" }, { "docid": "60107779", "text": "Taylor Darling (born May 14, 1997), also known as ASMR Darling or simply Darling, is an American ASMR creator, Twitch streamer and YouTuber known for making ASMR videos. Career Taylor began a career on YouTube on March 12, 2016, initially recording ASMR videos on her phone. Shortly after hitting 50,000 subscribers about 1½ months after uploading her first video, she was featured in a gaming video by PewDiePie. At two months, close to 100,000 subscribers, Taylor stopped producing work for her Youtube channel and placed all of her videos on private, mainly due to technical issues with new equipment and being overwhelmed by her popularity. After a one-month break, she began making videos again, including the very popular ASMR 10 Triggers to Help You Sleep (35 million views as of August 2022). In July 2017 she uploaded another popular video, ASMR 20 Triggers to Help You Sleep (38 million views as of August 2022). She was interviewed in a Shane Dawson video in August 2017, and shortly afterwards she reached 1 million subscribers on YouTube. In February 2019, Wired UK estimated that she was earning $1,000 per day from advertising revenue on her YouTube channel. Taylor voice acted and was a model for the character ASMR Sweetie in the VR game Fire Escape, released in April 2018. In June 2018 she began streaming on Twitch, in the beginning gaming most days a week with a weekly ASMR stream. she streams ASMR two times a week. Taylor was featured in an episode of The Try Guys in February 2019. That summer, she participated as one of five ASMR creators in Reese The Movie: A Movie About Reese, a 1½ hour long advertisement for Reese's Peanut Butter Cups, made in ASMR style. She was on the ASMR panel at VidCon 2019 in Anaheim, California in July 2019. In September 2019, Taylor was performing and discussing ASMR with Neil deGrasse Tyson and Kelly Clarkson in The Kelly Clarkson Show on NBC. Personal life She has deliberately kept her last name private, choosing to go only by her first name Taylor to protect herself from stalking and doxxing. , she resides in Florida. References External links Darlings channel on Twitch ASMR Darling on Spotify Darling on Instagram 1997 births Living people Practitioners of autonomous sensory meridian response YouTube channels launched in 2016 YouTubers from Florida American Twitch (service) streamers", "title": "ASMR Darling" }, { "docid": "69443118", "text": "The 2022 Senior Bowl was a college football all-star game played on February 5, 2022, at Hancock Whitney Stadium in Mobile, Alabama. The game featured prospects for the 2022 draft of the professional National Football League (NFL), predominantly from the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS). It was one of the final 2021–22 bowl games concluding the 2021 FBS football season. Sponsored by Reese's Peanut Butter Cups, the game was officially known as the Reese's Senior Bowl, with television coverage provided by NFL Network. This was the first time the Senior Bowl was played in February. Head coaches for the game came from the coaching staffs of the Detroit Lions and New York Jets. Players National team Full roster online . Numerical rosters here (a number may be shared by an offensive and defensive player). American team Full roster online . Numerical rosters here (a number may be shared by an offensive and defensive player). Game summary References External links Game broadcast via YouTube Senior Bowl Senior Bowl Senior Bowl Senior Bowl", "title": "2022 Senior Bowl" }, { "docid": "1505662", "text": "Clodhoppers are crunchy, fudge-covered graham clusters. They were originally discovered and marketed by the Kraves Candy Co., located in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. In 2006, the brand and recipes were sold to Brookside Foods, who were in turn sold to Hershey's in 2011. Clodhoppers are available in vanilla & cocoa (originally named \"chocolate\") flavours, while dark chocolate, dark chocolate fudge, and \"Cookies & Clods\" flavours were sold during Kraves Candy's ownership of the product. The peanut butter flavour was the first flavour to be discontinued . History It has been recorded that the candy and recipe were originally created by Chris Emery's grandmother, Edith Baker, as a treat for her family. Baker made the small candies from graham wafer and chocolate. In 1996, Chris Emery and his high school friend Larry Finnson decided to sell the Clodhoppers made by Emery's grandmother in their garage. In 1998, they signed a distribution contract with Wal-Mart. The Krave's factory in Winnipeg once produced 2,500 pounds of Clodhoppers per hour. By 2006, the company's Clodhopper production plant in Winnipeg employed more than 20 employees and sold millions of the candies throughout North America. In 2006, Krave's Candy sold its assets, which included its brands, names, recipes, customer lists, inventory and packaging equipment to Brookside Foods, based in Abbotsford, British Columbia. Krave's Candy was selling millions of dollars' worth of Clodhoppers annually across North America at the time of the sale. In February 2012, Chris Emery and Larry Finnson, the founders of Clodhoppers formed a new start up, OMG's Candy, bringing to market a similar product, which includes diced almonds and toffee bits. In October 2012, Brookside Foods confirmed on their Facebook page that they had discontinued making Clodhoppers candy. In 2016, The Hershey Company (who bought Brookside in 2011 after the Krave's Candy sale) brought back Clodhoppers under their own branding. The revived product is available in vanilla and cocoa flavours, and can be found at some gas station and convenience store chains, including Speedway in the northeastern United States. Hershey's later released new Clodhoppers flavours in 2017 under the Hershey's Crunchers branding, including variants based on Hershey's Cookies 'n' Creme bars, Reese's peanut butter cups, and s'mores. References Brand name confectionery Canadian brands Canadian confectionery Companies based in Winnipeg Cuisine of Manitoba", "title": "Clodhopper (candy)" }, { "docid": "45102052", "text": "The 2015 Senior Bowl was an all-star college football exhibition game featuring players from the 2014 NCAA Division I FBS football season as well as prospects for the 2015 Draft of the professional National Football League (NFL). The game concluded the post-season that had begun on December 21, 2014. Sponsored by Reese's Peanut Butter Cups, it was officially known as the Reese's Senior Bowl. Played at Ladd–Peebles Stadium in Mobile, Alabama, the game featured the North and the South as the opposing teams. The NFL Network broadcast the game live on January 24, 2015, at 3:00 p.m. CST. The North won 34–13. Sports Illustrated named Ali Marpet of Hobart and William Smith Colleges—the first NCAA Division III player selected for the Senior Bowl in its 66 years—the game's \"biggest riser\". Rosters North Team South Team Game summary Scoring summary Statistics References Senior Bowl Senior Bowl Senior Bowl Senior Bowl", "title": "2015 Senior Bowl" }, { "docid": "6863311", "text": "John H. \"Jack\" Dowd Jr. (1922–2004) was a Hershey Chocolate Company brand manager who negotiated the marketing agreement that placed Reese's Pieces in Steven Spielberg's E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial. He later worked as an advertising executive, Military career During World War II, Dowd served in an army infantry unit that conducted patrols behind enemy lines. He was awarded a Silver Star, three Bronze Stars, three Purple Hearts and the Combat Infantryman Badge. He was later transferred to Military Intelligence and discharged as a First Lieutenant. Education After graduating from the University of Connecticut he was accepted at the Harvard School of Business at which he received his MBA in 1948. Early career After graduation, he spent a few years at Standard Brands before moving on to an 18-year career with advertising agencies in Boston and New York. Dowd directed the advertising for various products from margarine and meat spreads to chemicals and concrete. Hershey career In 1966, Dowd joined Hershey Chocolate Company. This was early in the new management of the company by Bill Deardon and Dowd was key in rethinking how the company operated. Prior to Dowd's hiring Hershey did not advertise, it used a network of product promoting salesmen to sell the product to wholesalers and groceries and assumed the buyers would make sure their product moved out to the general public. He focused on rethinking of who their customers were: not the wholesalers and grocery stores but the end consumers who ate the product. He began as brands manager and advanced to vice president of new business development. He introduced brand management and marketing and later participated in the company's first consumer advertising program, while directing the development and introduction of dozens of new products. Dowd was responsible in the 1970s for the promotional ad blitz that made Reese's Peanut Butter Cups a major success. In 1982, Dowd negotiated a contract for Reese's Pieces to appear in Steven Spielberg's E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, the first promotion in the company's history, as reported in People Dowd in his initial interactions with Soeiberger made sure that E.T. was a friendly alien before signing off on the deal. He also managed to get the product placement without having to pay for it. At the time, Reese's Pieces had been on the market only five years and sales skyrocketed after the film was released, especially in movie theatres. He was named \"Consumer Products Man of the Year\" by Sales and Marketing magazine. His story was included in the book Emperors of Chocolate, a book by a person with familial connection to some of Dowd's colleges at Hershey about the late 1960s and into the 1970s turnaround at Hershey that Dowd was a part of, and in the February 1999 issue of Reader's Digest. In 1999 he was inducted into the University of Connecticut School of Business Hall of Fame. Board and civic service Dowd served as chairman of the board of the Association of National Advertisers as well as on the board of", "title": "John H. Dowd" }, { "docid": "5732026", "text": "Joseph Louis Rosefield (18 Dec 1882 - 8 Nov 1958) was a California food businessman who invented modern, nonseparating peanut butter in 1922 – 1923. His family business, the Rosefield Packing Company, was based in Alameda. His new production process was licensed to another company to make Peter Pan peanut butter in 1923. Rosefield Packing later marketed Skippy peanut butter in 1932; both brands are still sold today. It also introduced cylindrical \"wide-mouth\" jars for peanut butter in 1935. Peanut butter then became a vast food industry. Among other roles, Rosefield Packing provided emergency supplies of peanut butter to Hawaii during World War II. Rosefield's family sold Rosefield Packing and the Skippy brand to Best Foods in 1955. Forms of peanut butter were already popular before Rosefield's innovation. The problem was that the oil separated from the peanut grit and did not keep. Rosefield's patented homogenization solution was to partially hydrogenate the peanut oil to make it more miscible with the peanuts. (In other words, he used a similar process as vegetable shortening to process the peanut oil for the recipe.) This also made it possible to churn the peanut butter to a creamy consistency. His company promised a one-year shelf life for the product and claimed that it tasted better and was less sticky than previous formulas. References . History of Skippy at the Skippy peanut butter web site. The Peanut Butter Hearings Skippy vs JIF Peanut Butter Recipe Change Businesspeople from California 1882 births 1958 deaths 20th-century American businesspeople", "title": "Joseph L. Rosefield" }, { "docid": "75031433", "text": "Steem (often stylized STEEM) was a brand of caffeinated peanut butter produced by STEEM Peanut Butter, Inc. The company was co-founded by Chris Pettazzoni, Keith Barnofski, and Andrew Brach and was based in Greenfield, Massachusetts. Sold in the United States between 2014 and 2019, the peanut butter was predominantly marketed as an alternative to coffee as a source of the stimulant caffeine. In 2015, US senator Chuck Schumer publicly criticized the high levels of caffeine in Steem, leading to the company being contacted by the Food and Drug Administration as part of a wider investigation into foods containing additional caffeine. History and product Steem was originally conceived as a potential hangover cure; the idea of adding caffeine to peanut butter occurred while the inventors were preparing various sandwiches containing the spread. Powdered, flavourless caffeine extracted from coffee beans was procured from a company in Virginia specializing in producing anhydrous caffeine for use in dietary supplements. Barnofski, who had experience as a sous-chef, began devising recipes for the new product, incorporating the caffeine by mixing it with the fat from the peanut butter. Production space was rented at a community center in Greenfield and Steem was launched in March 2014, around two years after its initial conception. The peanut butter retailed at $4.99 per jar and was sold online through the company's website, as well as in a small number of retailers and gymnasiums around New England. By January 2016, the price had risen to $6 per eight-ounce jar. Steem was marketed primarily as a source of energy due to the added caffeine. Its creators claimed that the slower digestion time of peanut butter compared to other sources of caffeine meant that the stimulant was absorbed into the body over a longer period and at a lower concentration, thus offering a \"more mellow\" experience without the \"jitters, heart palpitations and stained teeth\" associated with coffee consumption. The spread was also promoted towards bodybuilders due to its high protein content, and the label on the jar highlighted the use of exclusively natural ingredients (peanuts, peanut oil, salt, agave nectar, and caffeine) in Steem's production. In November 2015, US senator for New York, Chuck Schumer, called on the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to investigate Steem. He claimed that its high caffeine content could pose a danger to health, especially in children. A recommended two-tablespoon serving of Steem contained 150 milligrams of caffeine, as much as two cups of coffee or five cans of Coca-Cola. Schumer suggested the introduction of limits on additional caffeine and warning labels on products with caffeine added. The FDA subsequently sent a letter to the creators of Steem on December 15, 2015, requesting more information about the use of caffeine in the product. The letter was part of a wider investigation by the FDA into foods containing additional caffeine that could be marketed towards younger people. A message on the company's website warned that Steem was not suitable for pets such as dogs and cats. As of October", "title": "Steem (peanut butter)" }, { "docid": "289786", "text": "Peanut butter is a food paste or spread made from ground, dry-roasted peanuts. It commonly contains additional ingredients that modify the taste or texture, such as salt, sweeteners, or emulsifiers. Consumed in many countries, it is the most commonly used of the nut butters, a group that also includes cashew butter and almond butter (though peanuts are not botanically nuts, peanut butter is culinarily considered a nut butter). Peanut butter is a nutrient-rich food containing high levels of protein, several vitamins, and dietary minerals. It is typically served as a spread on bread, toast, or crackers, and used to make sandwiches (notably the peanut butter and jelly sandwich). It is also used in a number of breakfast dishes and desserts, such as granola, smoothies, crepes, cookies, brownies, or croissants. History The earliest references to peanut butter can be traced to Aztec and Inca civilizations, who ground roasted peanuts into a paste. However, several people can be credited with the invention of modern peanut butter and the processes involved in making it. The US National Peanut Board credits three modern inventors with the earliest patents related to the production of modern peanut butter. Marcellus Gilmore Edson of Montreal, Quebec, Canada, obtained the first patent for a method of producing peanut butter from roasted peanuts using heated surfaces in 1884. Edson's cooled product had \"a consistency like that of butter, lard, or ointment\" according to his patent application which described a process of milling roasted peanuts until the peanuts reached \"a fluid or semi-fluid state\". He mixed sugar into the paste to harden its consistency. A businessman from St. Louis named George Bayle produced and sold peanut butter in the form of a snack food in 1894. By 1917, American consumers used peanut products during periods of meat rationing, with government promotions of \"meatless Mondays\" when peanut butter was a favored choice. John Harvey Kellogg, known for his line of prepared breakfast cereals, was an advocate of using plant foods as a healthier dietary choice than meat. He was issued a patent for a \"Process of Producing Alimentary Products\" on May 24, 1898, and used peanuts, although he boiled the peanuts rather than roasting them. Kellogg's Western Health Reform Institute served peanut butter to patients because they needed a food that contained a lot of protein that could be eaten without chewing. At first, peanut butter was a food for wealthy people, as it became popular initially as a product served at expensive health care institutes. Although often credited with its invention, George Washington Carver did not invent peanut butter. By the time Carver published his document about peanuts, entitled \"How to Grow the Peanut and 105 Ways of Preparing it For Human Consumption\" in 1916, many methods of preparation of peanut butter had already been developed or patented by various pharmacists, doctors, and food scientists working in the US and Canada. Early peanut-butter-making machines were developed by Joseph Lambert, who had worked at John Harvey Kellogg's Battle Creek Sanatorium, and Dr.", "title": "Peanut butter" }, { "docid": "48837689", "text": "The 2016 Senior Bowl was an all-star college football exhibition game featuring players from the 2015 NCAA Division I FBS football season, and prospects for the 2016 Draft of the professional National Football League (NFL). The game concluded the post-season that began on December 19, 2015. It was sponsored by Reese's Peanut Butter Cups and is officially known as the Reese's Senior Bowl. The game was played on January 30, 2016, at 1:30 p.m. CST, at Ladd–Peebles Stadium in Mobile, Alabama, between \"North\" and \"South\" teams. Coverage of the event was provided on the NFL Network. Rosters North Team South Team Game summary Scoring summary Statistics References Senior Bowl Senior Bowl Senior Bowl Senior Bowl", "title": "2016 Senior Bowl" }, { "docid": "7473298", "text": "William T. Young (February 15, 1918 – January 12, 2004) was an American businessman and major owner of thoroughbred racehorses. William T. Young attended the University of Kentucky where he was a member of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity. Young graduated with high distinction in 1939 with a Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering. After a short employment with Bailey Meter in Cleveland, Ohio, he served as a captain in the United States Army from 1941 to 1945. Service In World War II William T. Young served in World War II as a United States Army officer. Business career After the War he was living in Philadelphia but in 1946 returned to his native Lexington where he founded W. T. Young Foods, Inc. that made \"Big Top\" brand peanut butter. He developed the business into one of the leading producers of peanut butter in the United States. After he sold the company to Procter & Gamble in 1955, it was renamed Jif peanut butter. William Young continued to manage the peanut butter manufacturing operation for Procter & Gamble until 1957, at which time he founded W. T. Young Storage, Inc. William Young joined the board of directors of Royal Crown Cola and served as its chairman from 1966 to 1984. He was also a director the Kentucky-American Water Company, and the First Security National Bank and Trust Company of Lexington. At one time, William Young was the single largest shareholder of Humana health insurance company. Through the 1960s and early 1970s, he served on the board of directors of Kentucky Fried Chicken with CEO John Y. Brown Jr. When Brown was elected governor of Kentucky in December 1979, he chose Young as chairman of the executive cabinet. Young also served as chairman of the Kentucky Economic Development Corporation, a private organization aimed at boosting economic development in the state. Overbrook Farm In 1972 William Young established Overbrook Farm near Lexington, Kentucky. In 1983 he bred Storm Cat, the most important horse of his career. Storm Cat went on to become one of the world's highest priced sires and almost entirely responsible for William Young being voted the 1994 Eclipse Award for Outstanding Breeder. Teamed with trainer D. Wayne Lukas, in 1994 Overbrook won the Breeders' Cup Juvenile Fillies with Flanders and was a partner in Timber Country who won that year's Breeders' Cup Juvenile. Overbrook also bred Tabasco Cat on a foal share partnership agreement with Reynolds Metals Chairman, David P. Reynolds. Tabasco Cat won the 1994 Preakness and Belmont Stakes. Overbrook won the 1996 Kentucky Derby with the home-bred colt Grindstone and captured his second Breeders' Cup Juvenile that fall with Boston Harbor. In 1999 he won the 1999 Breeders' Cup Classic with Cat Thief. Active in the horse racing industry, William Young served as a director of the Breeders' Cup Limited. His daughter Lucy married renowned French horse trainer François Boutin and remains active in the industry. On June 9, 2009, William Young Jr., who assumed control of", "title": "William T. Young" }, { "docid": "8487751", "text": "Swoops were a chocolate candy manufactured by The Hershey Company. They were produced in the following flavors: Hershey's Milk Chocolate, Reese's Peanut Butter, Almond Joy, York Peppermint Pattie, White Chocolate Reeses, and Toffee and Almond. Limited edition varieties included White Chocolate Peppermint (available around Christmas), Special Dark with Almonds, and Strawberries & Creme. They were introduced into the market in 2003 and discontinued in August 2006. According to a market research study of April 2004 only 14% of the customers knew Swoops. References External links Swoops web site as archived by the Wayback Machine Internet Archive, a non-profit internet library. The Hershey Company brands", "title": "Swoops" }, { "docid": "1476092", "text": "A peanut butter cup is a molded chocolate with a peanut butter filling. Peanut butter cups are one of the most popular kinds of candy in America. They can be made at home, but like most candies, they are commonly mass-produced. They may also be available in candy shops, produced by local or regional candymakers. The diameter, thickness, and the relative proportion of its two major components vary according to the desires of the maker. Any type of chocolate may be used for the shell, but milk chocolate is most common. Fillings are usually smooth, creamy peanut butter, but crunchy peanut butter, or peanut butter mixed with other flavors, is also used. Brands The most popular brand of peanut butter cup is the Reese's Peanut Butter Cups (sold as Reese in Canada), always featuring Hershey's chocolate, and now a Hershey brand. The heavily roasted peanuts are a trademark flavor. The Reese's Peanut Butter Cup is considered the \"finest creation\" of Harry Burnett \"H. B.\" Reese, a former employee of Hershey's, who set up his own candy-manufacturing business in the 1920s. Ironically, peanut butter cups were not Reese's favorite candy. He did, however, claim that he owned a trademark on the name \"peanut butter cups\" and repeatedly threatened legal action against other manufacturers and sellers who made peanut butter cups. Originally sold in bulk, sales of their individual \"penny cups\" began in 1941, in response to sugar rationing during WWII. The famous slogan \"Two great tastes that taste great together\" originated in a marketing campaign for this candy in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Another brand is Palmer, which specializes in holiday-themed peanut butter cups. There are various forms that the peanut butter cups take for the different seasons. Each holiday has a different color of foil for the season. They can also come in different shapes, such as hearts or Christmas trees, during holiday seasons. Many regional candy companies also have versions of the peanut butter cup, including Boyer Candies in Altoona, Pennsylvania. Variations Peanut butter cups are made with different variations, such as using white chocolate, dark chocolate, or chocolate-flavored peanut filling. The first variation marketed by Reese's used crunchy peanut butter in 1976. Some have been one-time thematic variations, such as Reese's banana-flavored Elvis Special Edition in 2007. See also Russell Stover Candies Buckeye candy List of peanut dishes Notes and references Candy Peanut butter confectionery de:Reese's Peanut Butter Cups", "title": "Peanut butter cup" }, { "docid": "870028", "text": "Reese's Pieces are a peanut butter candy manufactured by The Hershey Company; they are oblate spheroid in shape and covered in candy shells that are colored yellow, orange, or brown. They can be purchased in plastic packets, cardboard boxes, or cup-shaped travel containers. The Reese company was founded by H.B. Reese. The H.B. Reese Candy Company was merged with The Hershey Company in 1963. Overview The candy was introduced to the US market first in September 1978. Shortly after, Reese's Pieces were introduced to the Canada market in 1980. The then relatively new product became very popular with the 1982 release of E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, in which the candy is featured. Reese's Pieces were introduced in the UK in 1996, but are produced in the US. Reese's Pieces are a product extension of the Reese's Peanut Butter Cups line; they were designed to capitalize on the success of the chocolate-covered peanut butter cups, though unlike the cups, they have no chocolate. Variations Reese's Pieces has been included in many Reese's and Hershey's products since its introduction. Below is a list of available products that contain Reese's Pieces, from the candy pieces being stuffed inside of existing chocolate bar variations to bags of baking chip mixes. Production In the 1970s, the candies were produced by The Hershey Company using panning machines that had been used to make Hershey-ets, a chocolate-filled candy that had been discontinued. The candy was first called \"PBs\" and was later rechristened as Reese's Pieces. Designers wanted a peanut-flavored candy but had problems with the filling. Original plans called for filling the candy shells with peanut butter, but the oil leaked out into the shell, leaving it soft, rather than crunchy. The developer of the project turned the problem over to a team of outside scientists, who created a peanut-flavored penuche filling. More experimentation was needed to determine the correct thickness of the shell. Finally, the colors of the candy coating were designed to coordinate with the color of the Reese's package. The color distribution goal is 50% orange, 25% brown, and 25% yellow. E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial In 1982, the Mars candy bar company rejected a product placement offer for the inclusion of its key product M&M's in the Steven Spielberg film, E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial. Hershey accepted an offer for use of Reese's Pieces in the movie, and with the film's blockbuster success its product sales dramatically increased, perhaps as much as 300%. Product line expansion In 2010, The Hershey Company expanded the Pieces line to include York Peppermint Pattie Pieces, Hershey's Special Dark Pieces, and Almond Joy Pieces. Hershey's Milk Chocolate with Almonds Pieces became the fourth expansion of this line in 2012. See also Galaxy Minstrels M&M's Smarties—chocolate candies that are not sold in the U.S. References External links Official product page Products introduced in 1978 Candy Peanut butter confectionery The Hershey Company brands 1980s in food Brand name confectionery", "title": "Reese's Pieces" }, { "docid": "1604462", "text": "A sealed crustless sandwich consists of a filling between two layers of crimp-sealed bread, with the crust removed. Homemade variations are typically square, round, or triangular; the bread can vary, e.g., white or whole wheat; and the sandwiches can be homemade with common crimping techniques similar to pie crust, ravioli, or dumplings using readily available kitchen tools (e.g., a fork, small spoon or curved knife end to crimp the edges). A purpose-designed \"cut and crimp\" tool can also be used. Mass-produced varieties vary in shape, are typically individually wrapped, frozen and packaged — and include proprietary brands as well as house brands. They were introduced in 1995 with peanut butter and jelly filling, followed by numerous patent and trademark disputes as well as numerous competitors entering the market. The sandwiches offer easily-frozen and thawed, ready-to-eat, portable convenience; Ethiopian-born Kamal Mohamed, founder of the Gallant Tiger brand, called sealed sandwiches \"the Swiss Army knife of foods\". They have appeal across generations and can easily be included in a homemade lunch. In 2018, sealed crustless sandwiches were made available to firemen during the California wildfires. Mass production In the United States, mass-produced crustless sealed sandwiches were introduced in 1995, in Fargo North Dakota by David Geske and Len Kretchman — at the time marketing as Incredible Uncrustables to schools in the Midwest, with fifty employees making roughly 35,000 of the sealed sandwiches daily by 1998. Their company was purchased by the The J.M. Smucker Company in 1998. In Japan, Yamazaki Baking has marketed Lunch Pack sealed sandwiches since 1984. Companies have marketed sealed crustless sandwiches in square, triangular, round and even cloud shapes — with an extensive range of fillings, including ham, cheese, chocolate-hazelnut spread, almond butter and jam, peanut butter and honey, peanut butter and apple butter, peanut butter and banana, sunflower butter and jelly — or, prominently, peanut butter and jelly. In the case of the latter, some companies apply the peanut butter to both interior surfaces of the bread, shielding the bread from the jelly — engineer the bread to prevent filling leaks or augment the crimping with starch to provide a tighter seal. Mass-produced U.S. brands include: Chubby Snacks Crustless Cocoa CPB Sandwich by E-S Frozen Foods EZ Jammers by Albie's Foods Gallant Tiger Good & Gather Sunbutter and Jelly Sandwiches by Target Jammies by Sunbutter Lunch Buddies PB Delights by Aldi, Canadian made Luv Me Foods Organic Peanut Butter & Strawberry Jelly Sandwich Market Pantry Crustless Sandwiches by Target PB Jamwiches and PB Jamz by AdvancePierre Foods Pea B&J Pockets by Annie's PB&J sandwiches by Sam's Club and Welch's Wowbutter & Grape Jelly, Crustless Sandwiches, by Nature's Promise No Crust Sandwiches, by Walmart, Canadian made PB + J Crustless Sandwiches and Charlotte's Crustoffs, by Costco Sunwise sunflower butter and jelly sandwiches by Muffintown Uncrustables, by Smucker's Whistlin Sams by Tyson Foods Smuckers has plants in Kentucky Colorado and Alabama with Uncrustables sales projected at $500 million in 2021 — offering numerous variations, e.g., Grilled Cheese Uncrustable (approximately", "title": "Sealed crustless sandwich" }, { "docid": "4155926", "text": "Reese's Puffs (formerly Reese's Peanut Butter Puffs) is a corn-based breakfast cereal manufactured by General Mills inspired by Reese's Peanut Butter Cups. At its launch in May 1994 the cereal consisted of corn puffs flavored with chocolate and peanut butter. Later, the formula was revised to be a mixture of chocolate puffs and peanut butter puffs. Artificial flavours and food coloring were removed in 2015 in response to consumer demand. See also Reese's Peanut Butter Cups References General Mills cereals Products introduced in 1994", "title": "Reese's Puffs" }, { "docid": "22949606", "text": "Buckeyes are a confection made from a peanut butter fudge partially dipped in chocolate to leave a circle of peanut butter visible. Buckeyes are similar to peanut butter balls (or peanut-butter-filled chocolate balls), which are completely covered in chocolate. Named for their resemblance to the poisonous nut of the Ohio buckeye tree, the state tree of Ohio, this candy is particularly popular in Ohio and neighboring states. It is common for Ohioans to make buckeyes at home, but they are also available in mail-order catalogs and candy shops. The dessert is not known prior to the 1960s or 1970s, originally being prepared by home cooks in their kitchens. One recipe included butter, crunchy or creamy peanut butter, powdered sugar, and chocolate chips. Peanut butter and butter are blended and powdered sugar is added gradually before it is rolled into small balls and dipped in melted chocolate. See also Chocolate balls Cuisine of the Midwestern United States Peanut butter cup List of peanut dishes References External links Traditional state foods & recipes Peanut Butter Balls American confectionery Candy Chocolate confectionery Peanut butter confectionery Cuisine of Ohio", "title": "Buckeye (candy)" }, { "docid": "65914264", "text": "The 2021 Senior Bowl was a college football all-star game played on January 30, 2021, at 1:30 p.m. CST, at Hancock Whitney Stadium in Mobile, Alabama. The game featured prospects for the 2021 draft of the professional National Football League (NFL), predominantly from the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS), rostered into \"National\" and \"American\" teams. It was one of the final 2020–21 bowl games concluding the 2020 FBS football season. Sponsored by Reese's Peanut Butter Cups, the game was officially known as the Reese's Senior Bowl, with television coverage provided by NFL Network. On January 11, 2021, bowl organizers announced that the teams would be coached by personnel from the Miami Dolphins and Carolina Panthers, coaching the National team and American team, respectively. This was the first Senior Bowl to be played at Hancock Whitney Stadium, after the 1951–2020 editions were held at Ladd–Peebles Stadium, also in Mobile. Players Organizers maintained a \"watch list\" of 250 players as potential invitees. In October 2020, the first invitation was issued to Dillon Radunz, an offensive tackle at North Dakota State of the Football Championship Subdivision (FCS). On January 18, Heisman Trophy winner DeVonta Smith accepted an invitation to the game, but did not play. Players listed below are all from the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS), unless noted otherwise after their college team. A week before the game, the bowl's executive director noted that there were 136 players on-site. In the final week before the game, several players who had accepted invites were replaced on the roster due to injury or other circumstances. Quarterback Kyle Trask was a notable player replaced due to injury. National team Full roster online here. Numerical rosters here (a number may be shared by an offensive and defensive player). Chazz Surratt and Sage Surratt are brothers. American team Full roster online here. Numerical rosters here (a number may be shared by an offensive and defensive player). Game summary Note special playing rules detailed here. Players in the game were each issued two helmet stickers; one with the player's hometown area code, and one with number 44 for Hank Aaron, who was born in Mobile and died on January 22. Statistics Notes References Further reading External links Game statistics at statbroadcast.com 2021 Reese's Senior Bowl via YouTube Senior Bowl Senior Bowl Senior Bowl Senior Bowl", "title": "2021 Senior Bowl" }, { "docid": "30930409", "text": "The following is a list of episodes from the twentieth season of the PBS series, Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, which aired in late 1989 and early 1990. Episode 1 (When Parents Go to Work) Negri's Music Shop needs Rogers' help when the lady at the cashier must see her sick child. Negri and Rogers propose a Neighborhood of Make-Believe story in which King Friday and Queen Sara leave on Tuesday for their errands. Aired on November 20, 1989. Episode 2 (When Parents Go to Work) Rogers and Mr. McFeely make treats with peanuts and peanut butter. In the Neighborhood of Make-Believe, Prince Tuesday is still angry that his parents are running errands all the time. Aired on November 21, 1989. Episode 3 (When Parents Go to Work) Wearing a lei of peanut shells as he enters, Rogers promotes reading the rest of the week. Mr. McFeely brings a video on how peanut butter is made. In the Neighborhood of Make-Believe, Henrietta suggests that Cornflake S. Pecially's factory start a caring center for the children of the factory's workers. Aired on November 22, 1989. Episode 4 (When Parents Go to Work) Rogers visits oboist Natasha at Negri's Music Shop. The Neighborhood of Make-Believe begins work in earnest on the new child-caring center at Corny's factory. Aired on November 23, 1989. Episode 5 (When Parents Go to Work) Balloon artist Bruce Franco visits Rogers' television house. He has even made a trolley-shaped balloon. In the Neighborhood of Make-Believe, Prince Tuesday helps those who run the child-caring center at Corny's factory. Aired on November 24, 1989. Episode 6 (Environment) A major crisis has arisen in the Neighborhood of Make-Believe. Their nearby landfill at Someplace Else has reached the saturation point. Aired on April 16, 1990. Episode 7 (Environment) Mister Rogers and Mr. McFeely visit the neighborhood recycling center. Westwood Mayor Maggie informs that their landfill has been filled completely. Aired on April 17, 1990. Episode 8 (Environment) Rogers discusses how to make artwork out of old objects. This precipitates Mr. McFeely's video, showing his visit with a spare-parts artist, Leo Sewell. Aired on April 18, 1990. Episode 9 (Environment) Rogers recalls the snorkeling adventure he shared with Sylvia Earle. It leaves little time for Neighborhood of Make-Believe, which needs help from two of Northwood's goats. Aired on April 19, 1990. Episode 10 (Environment) Mr. McFeely brings a goat into the television house to dispel a few myths. Mrs. Dingleborder and the goats of Northwood complement each other's plans to solve the appalling garbage crisis. Aired on April 20, 1990. Episode 11 (Fathers and Music) Rogers enters with a bandaged hand. He illustrates that nothing changes underneath a bandage (similar to what he did in an earlier episode). Rogers attends the Marsalis Family's rehearsals at Negri's Music Shop. Aired on July 30, 1990. Episode 12 (Fathers and Music) Mr. McFeely brings materials on how adhesive bandages are made. Rogers puts one such bandage on a rag doll. That rag doll becomes the plot point in", "title": "Mister Rogers' Neighborhood season 20" }, { "docid": "68778792", "text": "The 2021 Skrewball Peanut Butter Whiskey 200 at The Glen was the 20th stock car race of the 2021 NASCAR Xfinity Series, and the 27th iteration of the event. The event was held on Saturday, August 7, 2021, in Watkins Glen, New York at Watkins Glen International, a permanent road course. The race took 82 laps to complete. Ty Gibbs, running a part time schedule for Joe Gibbs Racing, would win his 3rd race of the year and of his career for the series. A. J. Allmendinger of Kaulig Racing and Austin Cindric of Team Penske would score the rest of the podium positions, scoring 2nd and 3rd, respectively. Background Watkins Glen International (nicknamed \"The Glen\") is an automobile race track located in Watkins Glen, New York at the southern tip of Seneca Lake. It was long known around the world as the home of the Formula One United States Grand Prix, which it hosted for twenty consecutive years (1961–1980), but the site has been home to road racing of nearly every class, including the World Sportscar Championship, Trans-Am, Can-Am, NASCAR Sprint Cup Series, the International Motor Sports Association and the IndyCar Series. Initially, public roads in the village were used for the race course. In 1956 a permanent circuit for the race was built. In 1968 the race was extended to six hours, becoming the 6 Hours of Watkins Glen. The circuit's current layout has more or less been the same since 1971, although a chicane was installed at the uphill Esses in 1975 to slow cars through these corners, where there was a fatality during practice at the 1973 United States Grand Prix. The chicane was removed in 1985, but another chicane called the \"Inner Loop\" was installed in 1992 after J.D. McDuffie's fatal accident during the previous year's NASCAR Winston Cup event. The circuit is known as the Mecca of North American road racing and is a very popular venue among fans and drivers. The facility is currently owned by International Speedway Corporation. Entry list Starting lineup The starting lineup was determined by a formula based on the previous race, the 2021 Ambetter Get Vaccinated 200. As a result, Justin Allgaier won the pole. Race results Stage 1 Laps: 20 Stage 2 Laps: 20 Stage 3 Laps: 42 References 2021 NASCAR Xfinity Series NASCAR races at Watkins Glen International Skrewball Peanut Butter Whiskey 200 at The Glen Skrewball Peanut Butter Whiskey 200 at The Glen", "title": "2021 Skrewball Peanut Butter Whiskey 200 at The Glen" }, { "docid": "46631983", "text": "Justin's is an American brand of natural and organic nut butters and peanut butter cups. The Boulder-based company manufactures and markets jars and single-serve squeeze packs of nut butter, along with various kinds of organic peanut butter cups. Justin's peanut butter cups are USDA-certified organic and use Rainforest Alliance Certified cocoa. Both the peanut butter cups and nut butters are distributed through stores such as Whole Foods Market, Sprouts Farmers Market, Starbucks, and Target in the United States. History The company was founded in 2004 by Justin Gold, a 2000 graduate of Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. Gold majored in environmental studies, at Dickinson, before he moved to Colorado in 2002. Gold was a vegetarian and active outdoors-man when he began making nut butters for himself to meet his protein needs and fuel his adventures. After countless occasions of roommates eating his protein creations, Gold decided he should sell his nut butters and began selling at the Boulder Farmers' Market followed by Whole Foods Market agreeing to stock his product. Gold initially raised capital from friends and family and officially launched Justin’s, named after the labels he used to include on the jars of nut butters he’d make for himself and roommates. In 2006, Justin's introduced its portable squeeze packs and was the first nut butter brand to market the single-serve squeeze pack. Since then, Justin's has also introduced its organic dark, milk and white chocolate peanut butter cups, as well as several other flavors of spreads, including its chocolate hazelnut butter and maple almond butter. In 2011, the trade magazine Progressive Grocer named Justin's peanut butter cups one of the best roll-outs of 2011. By 2012, Justin's was selling 25 million squeeze packs and 1.6 million jars of nut butter. Its revenue growth placed Justin's on Inc. magazine's Inc. 5000 list of the fastest growing companies in the country. By 2014, the company had 30 employees and was generating triple digit growth with its seven flavors of nut butters and three kinds of peanut butter cups. In 2016 the company self-published a cookbook entitled Justin My Kitchen containing over 50 recipes using the Justin's products. In May 2016, Justin's was sold to Hormel for $286 million. Philanthropy Justin's is a founding member of the Whole Planet Foundation's Microloan-a-Month program, a foundation established by Whole Foods that supports micro-financing institutions across the globe. Justin's provides a microloan-a-month to an entrepreneur in the developing world. Justin's has also partnered with Conscious Alliance to promote awareness of severe hunger issues and participates in annual company trips to volunteer on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South Dakota to help support hunger relief efforts. Recognition Justin Gold was named Entrepreneur of the Year for consumer products by Ernst & Young in 2013. That same year, Justin's nut butter received a 2013 Clean Choice Award from Clean Eating Magazine. In 2014, the company was included as one of Prevention magazine's \"100 Cleanest Packaged Foods.\" Justin's has also been included on Inc. Magazine’s Inc. 5000", "title": "Justin's" }, { "docid": "58511619", "text": "Reese's Cupfusion is a shooting interactive dark ride that began operation on Saturday May 25, 2019 at Hersheypark. The ride features a turbulent journey through the Reese’s Central to stop Mint and his misfit candies from stealing the Crystal Cup that collects Reese’s Spirit. It was conceptualized and designed by Raven Sun Creative and is being built by Sally Corporation, the same manufacturer as that of Reese's Cupfusion's predecessor, Reese's Xtreme Cup Challenge, which closed on September 3, 2018. Ride experience Riders take on the role of security agents at Reese's Central. Led by Commander Cup, the riders keep the factory running by protecting the Reese's Crystal Cup. The cup collects people's love of chocolate and peanut butter known as Reese’s Spirit and creates energy that powers the factory. Mint the Merciless and his league of misfit candy try to steal it so they can use it for their own evil purposes. The riders' job is to fight back and to ensure that the world is never deprived of Reese’s. References Hersheypark Amusement rides introduced in 2019", "title": "Reese's Cupfusion" }, { "docid": "2769042", "text": "Reese may refer to: Places Germany Reese, Germany, a hamlet in Lower Saxony on the River Aue United States Reese, Michigan, United States, a community east of Saginaw Reese, Pennsylvania, United States, a community in Blair County Reese, Texas, United States, a community in Cherokee County, in East Texas Reese Center, Texas, United States, an area west of Lubbock Reese Technology Center, the former installation making up part of Reese Center Other uses Reese (given name), a page for people with the given name Reese Reese (surname), a page for people with the surname Reese Reese, a ringname of Ron Reis (born 1970), American professional wrestler Reese House, an historic home in Hendersonville, North Carolina Reese's Peanut Butter Cups American candy marketed by The Hershey Company named after H. B. Reese Reese's Pieces, a type of coated candy Reese's Whipps, a type of candy bar Reese bass, a synthesized bass sound extensively used by electronic producer Kevin Saunderson Reese, a doll featured in the Groovy Girls doll line, by Manhattan Toy \"Reese\", a song by Big Red Machine from the album How Long Do You Think It's Gonna Last? See also Justice Reese (disambiguation) Reece (disambiguation) Rees (disambiguation) Reis (disambiguation) Rhees (disambiguation) Rhys, a Welsh name", "title": "Reese" }, { "docid": "1716991", "text": "Reese's Take 5 is a candy bar that was released by The Hershey Company in December 2004. The original name of the candy bar was TAKE5 but common usage among consumers added a space. In June 2019, when the candy bar became part of the Reese's family, the name was officially changed to Reese's Take 5. The \"5\" in the name refers to the combination of five ingredients: chocolate, peanuts, caramel, peanut butter, and pretzels. This unique combination of ingredients earned Reese's Take 5 top honors in the 2019 LA Times official candy bar power rankings. The Take5 was known as Max 5 in Canada, was discontinued, and was then returned in Canada in the fall of 2020, under the name \"Oh Henry Level Up.\" Product changes Although continuously producing the Take 5 using the original ingredients, The Hershey Company also produced several variations of the Take 5 after its initial release in 2004: Chocolate Cookie – Substitutes a chocolate cookie to replace the pretzel Marshmallow (limited edition) – Substitutes a marshmallow creme to replace the caramel Peanut butter – Has a peanut butter coating instead of milk chocolate White chocolate – Has a white chocolate coating instead of milk chocolate The wrappers for these Take 5 variations show the ingredient substitutions. At the beginning of 2016, Hershey partnered with a panel of \"diverse millennial-aged students\" to design a new wrapper and logo for the candy as part of a comeback campaign. (Advertising for Take 5 had been cut in 2011, due to Hershey struggling to find the best way to market the brand.) The new wrapper had a black background with ringed gray stripes and a new lime green logo. According to Take 5's brand manager, the new marketing campaign would focus on targeting millennials. The brand also used Twitter, Facebook, and Tumblr to revitalize its name. In June 2019, the candy was renamed to Reese's Take 5 and underwent a packaging change, with the primary color of the package changing from black to orange Also in June 2019, Hershey released that the ingredient peanut butter in TAKE5 has always been Reese's Peanut Butter. Reese's Take 5 is sold as Reese's Overload in the UK Formulation changes Take 5 often included cocoa butter, a fat derived from the cocoa bean; however, manufacturing changes were considered as the price for cocoa butter increased from $4,000 to $8,100 per ton in 2008. Staple products such as the Reese's peanut butter cups and Hershey's Kisses were not affected by the price change, but other products from the manufacturer saw a change in their composition when cocoa butter was substituted with cheaper ingredients, such as vegetable and sesame seed oil. Nutrition information In September 2016, Hershey led the SmartLabel initiative, becoming the first brand to adopt the Grocery Manufacturers Association's consumer-transparent packaging standard. One serving of Reese's Take 5 chocolate bar contains the following: 210 calories, Total Fat 11g Saturated fat 5g Trans fat 0g Cholesterol 0g Total Carbohydrate 26g Dietary fiber 1g", "title": "Reese's Take 5" }, { "docid": "72728544", "text": "The 2023 Senior Bowl was a college football all-star game played on February 4, 2023, at Hancock Whitney Stadium in Mobile, Alabama. The game featured prospects for the 2023 draft of the professional National Football League (NFL), predominantly from the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS). It was one of the final 2022–23 bowl games concluding the 2022 FBS football season. Sponsored by Reese's Peanut Butter Cups, the game was officially known as the Reese's Senior Bowl, with television coverage provided by NFL Network. Coaches Bowl organizers, in cooperation with the National Football League (NFL), named staff members from the Chicago Bears and Las Vegas Raiders to coach the teams. Luke Getsy of the Bears was named head coach of the American team and Patrick Graham of the Raiders was named head coach of the National team. Players National team Full roster online . American team Full roster online . Game summary Note: the game was played with a two-minute warning at the end of each quarter, followed by a change in possession. References Senior Bowl Senior Bowl Senior Bowl Senior Bowl", "title": "2023 Senior Bowl" }, { "docid": "6935974", "text": "A peanut butter cookie is a type of cookie that is distinguished for having peanut butter as a principal ingredient. The cookie originated in the United States, its development dating back to the 1910s. History George Washington Carver (1864–1943), an American agricultural extension educator, from Alabama's Tuskegee Institute, was the most well known promoter of the peanut as a replacement for the cotton crop, which had been heavily damaged by the boll weevil. He compiled 105 peanut recipes from various cookbooks, agricultural bulletins, and other sources. In his 1925 research bulletin called How to Grow the Peanut and 105 Ways of Preparing it for Human Consumption, he included three recipes for peanut cookies calling for crushed or chopped peanuts. It was not until the early 1930s that peanut butter was listed as an ingredient in the cookies. Fork pressing and patterning Early peanut butter cookies were either rolled thin and cut into shapes, or else they were dropped and made into balls; they did not have fork marks. The first reference to the famous criss-cross marks created with fork tines was published in the Schenectady Gazette on July 1, 1932. The Peanut Butter Cookies recipe said: \"[s]hape into balls and after placing them on the cookie sheet, press each one down with a fork, first one way and then the other, so they look like squares on waffles.\" Pillsbury, one of the large flour producers, popularized the use of a fork in the 1930s. The Peanut Butter Balls recipe in the 1933 edition of Pillsbury's Balanced Recipes instructed the cook to press the cookies using fork tines. These early recipes do not explain why the advice is given to use a fork, though. The reason is that peanut butter cookie dough is dense, and unpressed, each cookie will not cook evenly. Using a fork to press the dough is a convenience of tool; bakers can also use a cookie shovel (spatula). See also Peanut butter blossom cookie (peanut butter cookie with a Hershey's Kisses chocolate candy in center) List of cookies List of peanut dishes References Cooks.com's Peanut Butter Cookie Recipes - A wide assortment of recipes George Washington Carver. \"How to Grow the Peanut and 105 Ways of Preparing it for Human Consumption,\" Tuskegee Institute Experimental Station Bulletin 31, 1916. Andrew F. Smith, Peanuts: The Illustrious History of the Goober Pea Chicago, University of Illinois Press, 2002. () Peanut butter confectionery American cookies", "title": "Peanut butter cookie" }, { "docid": "22763852", "text": "The peanut butter and banana sandwich (PB&B), or peanut butter, banana and bacon sandwich (PB,B&B), sometimes referred to as an Elvis sandwich, the Velvet Elvis, or simply the Elvis, is a sandwich with toasted bread, peanut butter, sliced or mashed banana, and occasionally bacon. Honey or jelly is seen in some variations of the sandwich. The sandwich is frequently cooked in a pan or on a griddle. The sandwich was made famous as a favorite of the American singer Elvis Presley. The recipe for the sandwich has been published in numerous cookbooks and newspaper stories. It has been sold commercially in restaurants. Elvis Presley The peanut butter and banana sandwich has been referred to as a favorite of Elvis Presley, who was renowned for his food cravings such as the Fool's Gold Loaf, a loaf of French white bread filled with a pound each of bacon, peanut butter, and grape jelly. Books on Presley's favorite foods and culinary tastes, as well as other published reports on his taste for peanut butter and banana sandwiches with or without bacon, have made the sandwich widely associated with Presley. It is often referred to using his name. Presley's fondness for peanut butter and banana sandwiches is well established; however, bacon is not mentioned in all accounts. A book about Presley and his mother, Gladys Presley, though, says he had \"sandwich after sandwich of his favorite—peanut butter, sliced bananas, and crisp bacon\". Another passage describes him talking \"feverishly until dawn\" while \"wolfing\" down the sandwiches (described in this instance as being made with mashed banana). A news report suggests that, based on renditions of sandwiches named after him, Presley ate his with caramelized bananas and crispy bacon on grilled Hawaiian bread, and grilled by his mother or his cook in bacon fat. The Good, the Bad, and the Yummy describes it as consisting of half a banana and a piece of bacon per sandwich, browning the sandwiches in a frying pan with butter, cutting the sandwiches into wedges, and piling them high. Variants The PB&B sandwich has had numerous variations, many of which were billed as \"Elvis Presley's\" or owing to \"Elvis\" himself. Hamburgers done Elvis style have become increasingly popular in the United States as well. Nigella Lawson of the cooking show Nigella Bites featured \"Elvis Presley's Fried Peanut Butter and Banana Sandwich\" in a 2007 episode that was made of white bread, butter, a banana, and peanut butter. Another cooking show, Sara's Secrets, featured the \"Elvis\" with the Peanut Butter & Co.'s recipe, which includes 8 slices of bread, butter, a banana, peanut butter, 12 slices of bacon and honey. A variant on the sandwich is the peanut butter banana club sandwich, which combines the sandwich with a club sandwich by adding lettuce, brown sugar and lemon juice. Another version of the sandwich, which added honey and substituted bacon bits for bacon strips, was sold under the name The Memphis at the now-shuttered \"all peanut butter sandwich\" restaurant P.B. Loco. The sandwich", "title": "Peanut butter, banana and bacon sandwich" }, { "docid": "7372911", "text": "Nutter Butter is an American sandwich cookie brand, first introduced in 1969 and currently owned by Nabisco, which is a subsidiary of Mondelez International. It is claimed to be the best-selling U.S. peanut butter sandwich cookie, with around a billion estimated to be eaten every year. Brand history Nutter Butter was launched in 1969. The distinctive design was thought to have been created by William A. Turnier but Nabisco maintains that there is \"no way of knowing who came up with the actual visual concept\". In December 2017, a Nutter Butter cereal line was launched by Post Consumer Brands. It debuted at Walmart with a box retailing at around $4. In October 2018, Krispy Kreme released Nutter Butter and Chips Ahoy! doughnuts which joined the pre-existing Oreo doughnuts. The next year, in January 2019, chocolate fudge-covered Nutter Butters were released alongside similarly covered Oreos. In May 2019, the CEO of Mondelez International, Dirk Van de Put announced in an interview with CNBC that the company was giving \"serious consideration\" to adding CBD to certain product lines such as Nutter Butter. He did however say that adding CBD to its family brands \"may not be in the company's best interest\". In 2019, 7-Eleven started selling limited edition Nutter Butter lattes and doughnuts and A&W Restaurants launched Nutter Butter and Oreo flavored milkshakes and ice creams. Among other products, Nutter Butter was noted as helping increase Mondelez's sales for the year, despite being one of the company's smaller brands. In 2021, Nabisco announced it would launch a Nutter Butter version of the Oreo Cakesters in 2022. References External links Mondelez International brands Nabisco brands Peanut butter confectionery Products introduced in 1969 Sandwich cookies", "title": "Nutter Butter" }, { "docid": "1694461", "text": "Treets were a brand of confectionery sold by Mars Limited in Italy, France, Germany, Belgium and the Netherlands. The original product consisted of peanuts coated in milk chocolate with an outer shell of dark brown glazed candy, and appeared in the UK in the 1960s; these were later marketed as Peanut Treets (sold in a yellow packet), together with Toffee Treets (sold in a blue packet) and Chocolate Treets (sold in a brown packet). All three shared the same glazed coating, but the filling of the button-shaped Chocolate Treet consisted solely of the milk chocolate which surrounded the peanut or toffee pellet in the other versions. All three were marketed with the slogan \"Melt in your mouth, not in your hand\" which was first used in 1967 (used by Mars in the United States for M&Ms since 1949). The brand was discontinued by Mars in 1988. Chocolate Treets had already been replaced with the similar Minstrels. Peanut Treets were discontinued in favour of the multi-coloured Peanut M&M's. Toffee Treets were later sold as Relays, before being dropped altogether. Mars briefly reintroduced the Peanut Treets brand in the UK in July 2009, but in 2017 the company allowed its property rights to the brand to lapse. In 2018 the Katjes group took over the brand and reintroduced Treets in France. As of 2021, the range had expanded beyond the traditional candy coated shell product to include Peanut Caramel Choco and Sea Salt, Peanut Butter Caramel Bites, Peanut Butter Cups and jars of Creamy Peanut Butter and Choco Peanut Butter. Notes References Mars to bring Treets back to the shelves Mirror.co.uk News 19 July 2009 British confectionery Mars confectionery brands Peanut confectionery", "title": "Treets" }, { "docid": "40942037", "text": "The 2014 Senior Bowl was an all-star college football exhibition game featured players from the 2013 college football season, and prospects for the 2014 Draft of the professional National Football League (NFL). The game concluded the post-season that began on December 21, 2013. It was sponsored by Reese's Peanut Butter Cups and is officially known as the Reese's Senior Bowl. The game was played on January 25, 2014, at 3:00 p.m. CST, at Ladd–Peebles Stadium in Mobile, Alabama, between \"North\" and \"South\" teams, with the South team winning the game 20–10. Mike Smith of the Atlanta Falcons and Gus Bradley of the Jacksonville Jaguars served as the North and South head coaches, respectively. Coverage of the event was provided on the NFL Network. Rosters North Team South Team Game summary Scoring summary Statistics References Senior Bowl Senior Bowl Senior Bowl Senior Bowl", "title": "2014 Senior Bowl" } ]	[ "1928" ]
train_7089	who is the chief justice of the united states	[ { "docid": "31739", "text": "The chief justice of the United States is the chief judge of the Supreme Court of the United States and is the highest-ranking officer of the U.S. federal judiciary. Article II, Section 2, Clause 2 of the U.S. Constitution grants plenary power to the president of the United States to nominate, and, with the advice and consent of the United States Senate, appoint \"Judges of the supreme Court\", who serve until they die, resign, retire, or are impeached and convicted. The existence of a chief justice is only explicit in Article I, Section 3, Clause 6 which states that the chief justice shall preside over the impeachment trial of the president; this has occurred three times, for Andrew Johnson, Bill Clinton, and for Donald Trump’s first impeachment. The chief justice has significant influence in the selection of cases for review, presides when oral arguments are held, and leads the discussion of cases among the justices. Additionally, when the court renders an opinion, the chief justice, if in the majority, chooses who writes the court's opinion; however, when deciding a case, the chief justice's vote counts no more than that of any other justice. While nowhere mandated, the presidential oath of office is by tradition typically administered by the chief justice. The chief justice serves as a spokesperson for the federal government's judicial branch and acts as a chief administrative officer for the federal courts. The chief justice presides over the Judicial Conference and, in that capacity, appoints the director and deputy director of the Administrative Office. The chief justice is an ex officio member of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution and, by custom, is elected chancellor of the board. Since the Supreme Court was established in 1789, 17 people have served as Chief Justice, beginning with John Jay (1789–1795). The current chief justice is John Roberts (since 2005). Five of the 17 chief justices—John Rutledge, Edward Douglass White, Charles Evans Hughes, Harlan Fiske Stone, and William Rehnquist—served as associate justices prior to becoming chief justice. One chief Justice – William Howard Taft – had previously served as President of the United States. Origin, title and appointment The United States Constitution does not explicitly establish an office of the Chief Justice but presupposes its existence with a single reference in Article I, Section 3, Clause 6: \"When the President of the United States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside.\" Nothing more is said in the Constitution regarding the office. Article III, Section 1, which authorizes the establishment of the Supreme Court, refers to all members of the court simply as \"judges\". The Judiciary Act of 1789 created the distinctive titles of Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States and Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. In 1866, Salmon P. Chase assumed the title of Chief Justice of the United States, and Congress began using the new title in subsequent legislation. The first person whose Supreme Court commission contained the modified", "title": "Chief Justice of the United States" }, { "docid": "37301569", "text": "Law clerks have assisted the justices of the United States Supreme Court in various capacities since the first one was hired by Justice Horace Gray in 1882. Each justice is permitted to have between three and four law clerks per Court term. The chief justice is allowed to have five law clerks per Term, but no chief justice has ever done so regularly. Most persons serving in this capacity are recent law school graduates (and typically graduated at the top of their class). Among their many functions, clerks do legal research that assists justices in deciding what cases to accept and what questions to ask during oral arguments, prepare memoranda, and draft orders and opinions. After retiring from the Court, a justice may continue to employ a law clerk, who may be assigned to provide additional assistance to an active justice or may assist the retired justice when sitting by designation with a lower court. Table of law clerks The following is a table of law clerks serving the chief justice, a position alluded to in the U.S. Constitution and established on September 24, 1789 by the 1st Congress through the Judiciary Act of 1789 (). The current Chief Justice of the United States is John Roberts. \|} \|} \|} \|} \|} \|} \|} \|} \|} \|} \|} References Additional sources Baier, Paul R. (1973). \"The Law Clerks: Profile of an Institution,\" Vanderbilt L. Rev. 26: 1125–77. \"Georgia Law Alumni Who Have Clerked for a U.S. Supreme Court Justice,\" Advocate, Spring/Summer 2004 (listing 6 names). Judicial Clerkship Handbook, USC Gould Law School, 2013-2014, p. 33, Appendix B. \"Law Clerks of Chief Justice Earl Warren,\" Regional Oral History Office, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley (2015). Retrieved August 15, 2016. Newland, Charles A. (June 1961). \"Personal Assistants to the Supreme Court Justices: The Law Clerks,\" Oregon L. Rev. 40: 306–07. News of Supreme Court clerks. University of Virginia Law School, list of clerks, 2004-2018. University of Michigan clerks to the Supreme Court, 1991-2017, University of Michigan Law School Web site (2016). Retrieved September 20, 2016. Ward, Artemus and David L. Weiden (2006). Sorcerers' Apprentices: 100 Years of Law Clerks at the United States Supreme Court. New York, NY: New York University Press. , . External links Supreme Court of the United States official website SCOTUS Justices: How Do Their Clerks Help Them?, Marcia Coyle of the National Law Journal, by PBS NewsHour, via youtube Chief Justice Supreme Court of the United States people", "title": "List of law clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States (Chief Justice)" }, { "docid": "575245", "text": "The United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (in case citations, D.C. Cir.) is one of the thirteen United States Courts of Appeals. It has the smallest geographical jurisdiction of any of the U.S. courts of appeals, and it covers only one district court: the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia. It meets at the E. Barrett Prettyman United States Courthouse in Washington, DC. The D.C. Circuit's status and prestige among American federal courts is generally considered to be second only to the U.S. Supreme Court. Its geographic jurisdiction contains the U.S. Capitol and the headquarters of many U.S. federal executive departments and government agencies. As a result, the D.C. Circuit tends to be the main federal appellate court for issues of American administrative law, constitutional law, and other related areas. Four of the nine current Supreme Court justices were previously judges on the D.C. Circuit: Chief Justice John Roberts, as well as justices Clarence Thomas, Brett Kavanaugh, and Ketanji Brown Jackson. Past justices Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Antonin Scalia, Warren E. Burger, Fred M. Vinson, and Wiley Blount Rutledge also served as judges on the D.C. Circuit before their appointments to the Supreme Court. Because the D.C. Circuit does not represent any state, confirmation of nominees can be procedurally and practically easier than for nominees to the Courts of Appeals for the other geographical districts, as home-state senators have historically been able to hold up confirmation through the blue slip process. Current composition of the court : List of former judges Chiefs When Congress established this court in 1893 as the Court of Appeals of the District of Columbia, it had a chief justice, and the other judges were called associate justices, which was similar to the structure of the Supreme Court. The chief justiceship was a separate seat: the president would appoint the chief justice, and that person would stay chief justice until he left the court. On June 25, 1948, 62 Stat. 869 and 62 Stat. 985 became law. These acts made the chief justice a chief judge. In 1954, another law, 68 Stat. 1245, clarified what was implicit in those laws: that the chief judgeship was not a mere renaming of the position but a change in its status that made it the same as the chief judge of other inferior courts. Succession of seats The court has eleven seats for active judges after the elimination of Seat 8 under the Court Security Improvement Act of 2007. The seat that was originally the chief justiceship is numbered as Seat 1; the other seats are numbered in order of their creation. If seats were established simultaneously, they are numbered in the order in which they were filled. Judges who retire into senior status remain on the bench but leave their seat vacant. That seat is filled by the next circuit judge appointed by the president. See also Judicial appointment history for United States federal courts#DC Circuit List of current United States circuit", "title": "United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit" }, { "docid": "21809176", "text": "Robert Michael Dow Jr. (born 1965) is a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois and concurrently serves as counselor to Chief Justice John Roberts. Education and career Born in Madison, Wisconsin, Dow received a Bachelor of Arts from Yale University in 1987, a Doctor of Philosophy from the University of Oxford in 1990, and a Juris Doctor from Harvard Law School in 1993. He was a law clerk for Judge Joel Flaum of the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit from 1993 to 1994. He was in private practice in Chicago from 1995 to 2007. He serves as an adjunct professor at Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law where he teaches complex litigation. Federal judicial service On July 17, 2007, Dow was nominated by President George W. Bush to a seat on the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois vacated by Charles P. Kocoras. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on November 13, 2007, and received his commission on December 5, 2007. Notable case On December 2, 2010, Judge Dow ruled against five states (Michigan, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Minnesota, and Wisconsin), stating that five Chicago-area shipping locks will stay open despite the risk that Lake Michigan Asian carp pose to the multi-billion dollar fishing industry, saying not enough evidence was presented that indicated the danger was truly imminent. Closing the locks could undermine commerce and pose flood-control problems. Counselor to the Chief Justice On October 3, 2022, the Supreme Court announced that John Roberts had appointed Dow to serve as counselor to the chief justice, a role which acts as the chief justice's chief of staff. He succeeded Jeffrey P. Minear, who retired in September 2022. References External links 1965 births Living people 21st-century American judges Alumni of the University of Oxford Harvard Law School alumni Judges of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois Lawyers from Madison, Wisconsin United States district court judges appointed by George W. Bush Yale University alumni", "title": "Robert Michael Dow Jr." } ]	[ { "docid": "216429", "text": "The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest-ranking judicial body in the United States. Its membership, as set by the Judiciary Act of 1869, consists of the chief justice of the United States and eight associate justices, any six of whom constitute a quorum. Article II, Section 2, Clause 2 of the Constitution grants plenary power to the president of the United States to nominate, and with the advice and consent of the United States Senate, appoint justices to the Supreme Court; justices have life tenure. Background The Supreme Court was created by Article III of the United States Constitution, which stipulates that the \"judicial power of the United States, shall be vested in one Supreme Court,\" and was organized by the 1st United States Congress. Through the Judiciary Act of 1789, Congress specified the Court's original and appellate jurisdiction, created thirteen judicial districts, and fixed the number of justices at six (one chief justice and five associate justices). Since 1789, Congress has occasionally altered the size of the Supreme Court, historically in response to the country's own expansion in size. An 1801 act would have decreased the Court's size to five members upon its next vacancy. However, an 1802 act negated the effects of the 1801 act upon the Court before any such vacancy occurred, maintaining the Court's size at six members. Later legislation increased its size to seven members in 1807, to nine in 1837, and to ten in 1863. An 1866 act was to have reduced the Court's size from ten members to seven upon its next three vacancies, and two vacancies did occur during this period. However, before a third vacancy occurred, the Judiciary Act of 1869 intervened, restoring the Court's size to nine members, where it has remained ever since. While the justices of the Supreme Court are appointed for life, many have retired or resigned. Beginning in the early 20th century, many justices who left the Court voluntarily did so by retiring from the Court without leaving the federal judiciary altogether. A retired justice, according to the United States Code, is no longer a member of the Supreme Court, but remains eligible to serve by designation as a judge of a U.S. Court of Appeals or District Court, and many retired justices have served in these capacities. Historically, the average length of service on the Court has been less than 15 years. However, since 1970 the average length of service has increased to about 26 years. List of justices Since the Supreme Court was established in 1789, 116 people have served on the Court. The length of service on the Court for the 107 non-incumbent justices ranges from William O. Douglas's to John Rutledge's as associate justice and, separated by a period of years off the Court, his as chief justice. As of , the length of service for the nine incumbent justices ranges from Clarence Thomas's to Ketanji Brown Jackson's . Five individuals, who were confirmed for associate justice, were later", "title": "List of justices of the Supreme Court of the United States" }, { "docid": "14324447", "text": "The Ellsworth Court refers to the Supreme Court of the United States from 1796 to 1800, when Oliver Ellsworth served as the third Chief Justice of the United States. Ellsworth took office after the Senate refused to confirm the nomination of Chief Justice John Rutledge, who briefly served as a Chief Justice as a recess appointment. Ellsworth served as Chief Justice until his resignation, at which point John Marshall took office. With some exceptions, the Ellsworth Court was the last Supreme Court to use seriatim opinions. Membership The Ellsworth Court began in 1796 when the Senate confirmed President George Washington's appointment of Ellsworth. Washington had previously nominated both Rutledge and Associate Justice William Cushing to the seat, but Rutledge's nomination was denied by the Senate and Cushing refused the nomination on the basis of his health. The Ellsworth Court began with Ellsworth and four Associate Justices from the Jay Court: William Cushing, James Wilson, James Iredell, and William Paterson. Associate Justice Samuel Chase took office shortly after Ellsworth's tenure began, filling the vacancy caused by the resignation of John Blair, Jr. during the Rutledge Court. Wilson died in 1798, and President John Adams appointed Bushrod Washington to take his seat. Alfred Moore joined the court in 1800 after the death of Iredell. Timeline Other branches Presidents during this court included George Washington and John Adams. Congresses during this court included 4th through the 6th United States Congresses. Rulings of the Court The Ellsworth Court issued some notable rulings: Hollingsworth v. Virginia (1798): In a per curiam opinion, the court ruled that the president plays no part in amending the Constitution. Calder v. Bull (1798): In an opinion written by Justice Chase, the court held that the Constitutional prohibition on ex post facto laws applies only to criminal acts, and that the Supreme Court of United States has no authority to determine whether state laws violate state constitutions. References Further reading 1790s in the United States United States Supreme Court history by court", "title": "Ellsworth Court" }, { "docid": "10900474", "text": "Robert Sharp Bean (November 28, 1854 – January 7, 1931) was the 16th Chief Justice of the Oregon Supreme Court, serving as Chief Justice three different times. He later served as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Oregon. An Oregon native, he was part of the first graduating class of the University of Oregon. Education and career Born on November 28, 1854, in Yamhill County, Oregon Territory (State of Oregon from February 14, 1859), Bean graduated from Christian College (now Western Oregon University) in 1873 and read law in 1878. He received a Bachelor of Science degree in 1878 from the University of Oregon and was a member of the first graduating class of that institution. He entered private practice in Eugene, Oregon from 1878 to 1882. He was a Judge of the Oregon Circuit Court for the Second Judicial District from 1882 to 1890. He was elected as a justice of the Supreme Court of Oregon in 1890 and reelected to additional six-year terms in 1896, 1902 and 1908, serving from 1890 to 1909, and serving as chief justice from 1894 to 1896, from 1900 to 1902, and from 1905 to 1908. On May 1, 1909, he resigned from the Supreme Court to take a federal judicial post. Additionally, Bean served as a regent at the University of Oregon in 1882 to 1895, and again from 1898 to 1921. Bean was a director of the Oregon Historical Society in 1926. Notable cases as Justice While Chief Justice in 1906, Justice Bean wrote the opinion for the Oregon court in State v. Muller (48 Or. 252, 85 P. 855) that would then go to the United States Supreme Court, where the opinion was affirmed. He also wrote the opinion in Kadderly v. City of Portland, 44 Or 118, 74 P. 710 (1903) on the constitutionality of the initiative and referendum system in Oregon. Federal judicial service Bean was nominated by President William Howard Taft on April 15, 1909, to the United States District Court for the District of Oregon, to a new seat authorized by 35 Stat. 686. George W. Joseph, a prominent Portland lawyer and politician who would later be nominated for governor of Oregon, opposed Bean's appointment on the grounds that his services were too valuable as a Supreme Court justice, and that the people of Oregon couldn't \"spare\" him. Bean was confirmed by the United States Senate on April 28, 1909, and received his commission the same day. His service terminated on January 7, 1931, due to his death in Portland, Oregon. Bean was interred at River View Cemetery in Portland. Honor In 1895, the University of Oregon conferred an honorary doctorate of laws degree on the Bean. Justice Bean Hall, a dormitory at the school, was named in his honor and opened in 1963. Family Bean's parent's, Obadiah Roberts Bean and Julia Sharp Bean, immigrated to Oregon in 1851 and settled in Mapleton. In 1880 Robert married", "title": "Robert S. Bean" }, { "docid": "57026410", "text": "Burial places of justices of the Supreme Court of the United States are located across 26 states and the District of Columbia. The state with the most U.S. Supreme Court justice burial sites is Virginia with 2014 of which are at Arlington National Cemetery. Since it was established in 1789, 114 persons have served as a justice (associate justice or chief justice) on the Supreme Court; of these, 104 have died. The first death of a justice was that of James Wilson on August 21, 1798, and the most recent was that of Sandra Day O'Connor on December 1, 2023. William Howard Taft, who was chief justice from 1921 to 1930 after serving as president of the United States from 1909 to 1913, was the first justice for whom a state funeral has been held; Justice Ginsburg, who served as an associate justice from 1993 to 2020, was the second to receive this honor. The sortable table below lists each deceased justice's place of burial, along with date of death, and the order of their membership on the Court. Five people served first as associate justices, and later as chief justices, separately: Charles Evans Hughes, William Rehnquist, John Rutledge, Harlan F. Stone, and Edward Douglass White. While having served in two positions, these individuals are listed only once in the table, and their order of justiceship (OJ) represents the overall order in which each began their initial service on the Court as an associate justice. Supreme Court justice burial places Notes See also List of burial places of presidents and vice presidents of the United States References Further reading External links The Supreme Court of the United States and the Federal Judiciary, overview and resource links, Federal Judicial Center, Washington, D.C. Burials Burials President United States United States Justices of the Supreme Court", "title": "List of burial places of justices of the Supreme Court of the United States" }, { "docid": "3084972", "text": "Robert Francis Morrison (August 16, 1826 – March 2, 1887) was the 13th Chief Justice of California from November 1879 to March 2, 1887, when he died in office. Biography Morrison was born on August 16, 1826, in Kaskaskia, Illinois. He served in the regiment commanded by his elder brother, Colonel Don Morrison, in the Mexican–American War, and fought in the Battle of Buena Vista. After the war, Morrison returned to St. Louis, Missouri, and read law in the office of his brother, who was a successful attorney. He attended legal lectures at Harvard Law School before returning West. Arriving in 1850 in Sacramento, California, Morrison practiced law in a firm with his brother, Murray Morrison, and J. Neely Johnson, later governor of California. Morrison was elected district attorney of Sacramento County, California. In 1856, Morrison moved to San Francisco and practiced law with various attorneys, including Delos Lake, who was appointed United States Attorney for the Northern District of California on August 17, 1864. Morrison served as Assistant United States Attorney with Lake. In October 1869, Morrison was elected Judge of the Fourth Judicial District in California and was re-elected in 1875. In October 1879, when adoption of a new constitution required elections, Morrison successfully ran for Chief Justice under the Democratic Party and Workingmen's Party tickets, narrowly defeating Augustus Rhodes. In August 1886, former Chief Justice David S. Terry petitioned the Legislature to remove the increasingly ill Morrison from the court. In February 1887, Morrison suffered a stroke and died a week later at his rooms at the Occidental Hotel on March 2, 1887. On April 19, 1887, Governor Washington Bartlett appointed Niles Searls as the next chief justice. Personal life On November 6, 1854, he married Julia Stettinius (September 2, 1832 – December 18, 1895) in St. Louis, Missouri. References External links Past & Present Justices. California State Courts. Retrieved July 19, 2017. See also List of justices of the Supreme Court of California Elisha W. McKinstry Samuel B. McKee Milton H. Myrick Erskine M. Ross John Sharpstein James D. Thornton 1826 births 1887 deaths Chief Justices of California Superior court judges in the United States 19th-century American judges 19th-century American lawyers Lawyers from San Francisco District attorneys in California People from Kaskaskia, Illinois U.S. state supreme court judges admitted to the practice of law by reading law California Democrats California pioneers American military personnel of the Mexican–American War Assistant United States Attorneys", "title": "Robert F. Morrison" }, { "docid": "14324459", "text": "The Chase Court refers to the Supreme Court of the United States from 1864 to 1873, when Salmon P. Chase served as the sixth Chief Justice of the United States. Chase succeeded Roger Taney as Chief Justice after the latter's death. Appointed by President Abraham Lincoln, Chase served as Chief Justice until his death, at which point Morrison Waite was nominated and confirmed as his successor. The Chase Court presided over the end of the Civil War and much of the Reconstruction Era. Chase was a complete change from the pro-slavery Taney; one of his first acts as Chief Justice was to admit John Rock as the first African-American attorney to argue cases before the Supreme Court. During Chase's chief-justiceship, Congress passed the Habeas Corpus Act 1867, giving the Court the ability to issue writs of habeas corpus for defendants tried by state courts. The Chase Court interpreted the Fourteenth Amendment for the first time, and its narrow reading of the Amendment would be adopted by subsequent courts. As Chief Justice, Chase presided over the 1868 impeachment trial of President Andrew Johnson. He also pursued the presidency twice while in office; he unsuccessfully sought the Democratic presidential nomination in 1868 and the Liberal Republican nomination in 1872. Membership The Chase Court began when President Abraham Lincoln appointed Salmon Chase to replace Chief Justice Roger Taney, who died in 1864. The Chase Court commenced with Chase and nine Associate Justices: James Moore Wayne, John Catron, Samuel Nelson, Robert Cooper Grier, Nathan Clifford, Noah Haynes Swayne, Samuel Freeman Miller, David Davis, Stephen Johnson Field. During Chase's tenure, Congress passed two laws setting the size of the Supreme Court, partly to prevent President Johnson from appointing Supreme Court justices. The Judicial Circuits Act of 1866 provided for the elimination of three seats (to take effect as sitting justices left the court), which would reduce the size of the court from ten justices to seven. Catron died in 1865, and he had not been replaced when the Judicial Circuits Act was passed, so his seat was abolished upon passage of the act. Wayne died in 1867, leading to the abolition of his seat. However, Congress passed the Judiciary Act of 1869, setting the size of the court at nine justices and creating a new seat. In 1870, President Ulysses S. Grant appointed William Strong to replace Grier, and Joseph P. Bradley to fill the newly created seat. Bradley was nominated after the Senate rejected Grant's nomination of Ebenezer R. Hoar; the Senate had also confirmed Edwin Stanton's nomination for Grier's seat, but Stanton died before taking office. Nelson retired in 1872, and Grant appointed Ward Hunt to succeed him. Timeline Other branches Presidents during this court included Abraham Lincoln, Andrew Johnson, and Ulysses S. Grant. Congresses during this court included 38th through the 43rd United States Congresses. Rulings of the Court Notable rulings of the Chase Court include: Ex parte Milligan (1866): In an opinion written by Justice Davis, the court ruled that trials", "title": "Chase Court" }, { "docid": "21584711", "text": "The nominations made by Lyndon B. Johnson to the Supreme Court of the United States are unusual in that Johnson appeared to have had specific individuals in mind for his appointments and actively sought to engineer vacancies on the Court to place those individuals on the court. Abe Fortas Associate Justice nomination Johnson intended early on to appoint his longtime friend and adviser Abe Fortas to the Court. Johnson thought that some of his Great Society reforms could be ruled unconstitutional by the Court, and he felt that Fortas would let him know if that was to happen. Johnson and Fortas did collaborate while Fortas was a justice; Fortas co-wrote Johnson's 1966 State of the Union speech. Rather than wait passively for a sitting Justice to retire, Johnson actively sought to persuade Justice Arthur Goldberg to resign his seat in order to become Ambassador to the United Nations. Goldberg's resignation from the court took effect on July 26, 1965. Goldberg wrote in his memoirs that he resigned in order to have influence in keeping the peace in Vietnam and that after the crisis had passed he expected he would be reappointed to the Supreme Court by Johnson. \"I had an exaggerated opinion of my capacities. I thought I could persuade Johnson that we were fighting the wrong war in the wrong place [and] to get out.\" Fortas was easily confirmed by the United States Senate on August 11, 1965. Thurgood Marshall nomination On June 13, 1967, President Johnson nominated Thurgood Marshall to the Supreme Court following the retirement of Justice Tom C. Clark, saying that this was \"the right thing to do, the right time to do it, the right man and the right place.\" Although Johnson clearly did not have any other choices in mind, his advisers have been reported to have floated other names past him for the seat that eventually went to Marshall. In a group discussion, Johnson's wife, Lady Bird Johnson, noted that \"Lyndon has done so much\" for blacks, and \"why not indeed fill the vacancy with a woman.\" Arizona Supreme Court Chief Justice Lorna E. Lockwood was the main contender. Also discussed was a California judge, Shirley Hufstedler, whom Johnson later placed on the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. In addition, a Johnson staff member, Larry Temple, had suggested Judge A. Leon Higginbotham Jr., whom Johnson previously had appointed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit. Johnson dismissed Higginbotham as a possibility, telling Temple, \"Larry, the only two people who ever heard of Judge Higginbotham are you and his momma.\" Marshall was confirmed as an Associate Justice by a Senate vote of 69-11 on August 31, 1967. Abe Fortas Chief Justice and Homer Thornberry Associate Justice nominations When Chief Justice Earl Warren announced his retirement in June 1968, Johnson nominated Associate Justice Fortas to replace Warren as Chief Justice, and nominated Homer Thornberry (whom Johnson had previously appointed to the United States Court of Appeals for", "title": "Lyndon B. Johnson Supreme Court candidates" }, { "docid": "21229483", "text": "United States President George Washington appointed 39 Article III United States federal judges during his presidency, which lasted from April 30, 1789 to March 4, 1797. The first group of Washington's appointments—two justices of the Supreme Court of the United States and ten district court judges—began service two days after Congress passed the Judiciary Act of 1789, which formally established the federal judiciary. Washington's last court appointee received his commission twelve days before the end of Washington's presidency. As the first president, Washington was responsible for appointing the entire Supreme Court; he appointed a record eleven justices, including two Chief Justices and who were confirmed from outside the Court and one former Justice named as Chief Justice by a recess appointment, but not ultimately confirmed to the position. Additionally, Washington nominated Robert H. Harrison, who declined to serve, and nominated William Cushing for elevation to Chief Justice, who likewise declined. Since there were no sitting justices at the beginning of Washington's term, he had the unique opportunity to fill the entire body of United States federal judges with his selections. Despite this, Washington appointed only 28 judges to the United States district courts, due to the smaller size of the judiciary at the time; there were far fewer states, most states had a single district court, and each district had a single judge assigned to it. Because intermediate federal appellate courts had not yet been established, this, combined with the Supreme Court appointments, constituted the total number of federal judicial appointments made by Washington. The number is roughly 10% of the record 376 judges appointed by Ronald Reagan from 1981 to 1989, when the judiciary was much larger, and less than 5% of the number of active federal judges serving as of July 2010. Richard Peters Jr. served for over 36 years, the longest of Washington's appointments. Washington appointed a small number of Article IV territorial judges. He appointed Samuel Holden Parsons, John Cleves Symmes, George Turner and Rufus Putnam to the court of the Northwest Territory, Putnam being appointed to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Parsons. He appointed David Campbell, John McNairy and Joseph Anderson to the court of the Southwest Territory. After the Southwest Territory was admitted to the union as the State of Tennessee, McNairy would go on to serve as its first United States District Judge. As no Article I legislative courts existed during Washington's administration, he made no judicial appointments under Article I. The first court created under Article I, the United States Court of Claims, would not be established until 1855, under the administration of President Franklin Pierce. Additionally, the District of Columbia judiciary would not exist until the passage of the District of Columbia Organic Act of 1801 under President John Adams. United States Supreme Court justices District courts Notes Renominations References General Specific Judicial appointments Washington", "title": "List of federal judges appointed by George Washington" }, { "docid": "307580", "text": "The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest-ranking judicial body in the United States. Established by Article III of the Constitution, the detailed structure of the court was laid down by the 1st United States Congress in 1789. Congress specified the Court's original and appellate jurisdiction, created 13 judicial districts, and fixed the initial size of the Supreme Court. The number of justices on the Supreme Court changed six times before settling at the present total of nine in 1869. As of June 2022, a total of 116 justices have served on the Supreme Court since 1789. Justices have life tenure, and so they serve until they die in office, resign or retire, or are impeached and removed from office. Justices are nominated by the President of the United States and then must be confirmed by the United States Senate, before being officially appointed. A nomination to the Court is considered to be official when the Senate receives a signed nomination letter from the president naming the nominee, which is then entered in the Senate's record. There have been 37 unsuccessful nominations to the Supreme Court of the United States. Of these, 11 nominees were rejected in Senate roll-call votes, 11 were withdrawn by the president, and 15 lapsed at the end of a session of Congress. Six of these unsuccessful nominees were subsequently nominated and confirmed to seats on the Court. Additionally, although confirmed, seven nominees declined office and one died before assuming office. 18th century George Washington Among the six original nominees to the Supreme Court, George Washington nominated Robert H. Harrison, who declined to serve. The seat remained empty until the confirmation of James Iredell in 1790. Washington nominated William Paterson for the Supreme Court on February 27, 1793. The nomination was withdrawn by the President the following day. Washington had realized that since the law establishing the positions within the Supreme Court had been passed during Paterson's term as a Senator (a post he had resigned in November 1790 after being elected Governor of New Jersey) the nomination was a violation of Article I, Section 6 of the Constitution. Washington re-nominated Paterson to the Court on March 4, 1793, after the expiration of what would have been Paterson's term as Senator had he not resigned, and Paterson was confirmed by the Senate. John Jay resigned as Chief Justice on June 29, 1795, after being elected Governor of New York. The subsequent nomination of John Rutledge as Chief Justice was rejected by a vote of 10–14 on December 15, 1795. Rutledge's strident and vocal opposition to the Jay Treaty may have been the main reason for his rejection. Because he had been a recess appointment, Rutledge served as Chief Justice for one term. Washington nominated Associate Justice William Cushing to replace him as Chief Justice, but Cushing declined the role. Washington then successfully appointed Oliver Ellsworth to serve as the next Chief Justice. John Adams After Oliver Ellsworth decided to resign from the position of", "title": "Unsuccessful nominations to the Supreme Court of the United States" }, { "docid": "6684388", "text": "Vincent Lee McKusick (October 21, 1921 – December 3, 2014) was an American attorney and Chief Justice of Maine. At the time of his death McKusick worked at the firm Pierce Atwood in Portland, Maine, as of Counsel. His most prominent rulings included Connecticut v. New Hampshire, Kansas v. Nebraska and Colorado and Louisiana v. Mississippi. McKusick began practicing law with Pierce Atwood in 1952. For twenty-five years – until he was appointed by Governor James B. Longley as Maine's Chief Justice – McKusick engaged in general practice with the firm. Prior to joining Pierce Atwood in 1952, McKusick served successively as law clerk to Chief Judge Learned Hand of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit and to Justice Felix Frankfurter of the United States Supreme Court. From 1943 to 1946, he served in the U.S. Army, in part in Los Alamos, New Mexico, participating in the Manhattan Project. Education McKusick received his A.B. degree from Bates College (1943), his S.B. and S.M. from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1947), and his LL.B. from Harvard Law School (1950), where he served as President of the Harvard Law Review. Chief Justice In 1977, Governor Longley appointed McKusick Chief Justice of the Maine Supreme Judicial Court, the first such appointment directly from the bar since the appointment of Chief Justice Prentiss Mellen in 1820. Chief Justice McKusick had responsibility for managing Maine's entire court system as well as for presiding over its highest appellate court. Over the years, he had been deeply involved in modernizing the rules of procedure for the Maine courts, serving on rules committees appointed by the Supreme Judicial Court and co-authoring two editions of the classic work on Maine Civil Practice. For his public service in the courts, McKusick received the American Judicature Society's Herbert Harley Award in 1982 and the Neal W. Allen Award for Community Leadership of the Greater Portland Chamber of Commerce in 1988. In 1991, Cumberland County named its newly expanded courthouse for the chief justice. Vincent was the 1999 recipient of the National Center for State Court's Paul C. Reardon Award given to those who have made outstanding contributions to the administration of justice nationally and to the work of the National Center. During 1990 and 1991, his fellow chief justices elected McKusick President of the National Conference of Chief Justices and Chairman of the Board of Directors of the National Center for State Courts. He had served and would serve until his death on the council of the American Law Institute, and also has served on the governing boards of the American Philosophical Society, the American Arbitration Association, and the U.S. Supreme Court Historical Society. Since his retirement on February 28, 1992, McKusick has served \"of counsel\" to Pierce Atwood. In July 1992, he served on a pro bono basis as the neutral arbitrator for the determination of the terms under which Long Island would separate from the City of Portland. By appointment of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court,", "title": "Vincent L. McKusick" }, { "docid": "13924802", "text": "Aaron Cecil Snyder (September 14, 1907 – June 29, 1959) was an American lawyer who served as a prosecutor and judge in Puerto Rico. Early life Snyder was born in Baltimore, Maryland. After attending Baltimore City College and Johns Hopkins University as an undergraduate, he graduated from Harvard Law School in 1930. Snyder practiced law briefly in New York City and Baltimore. In 1933, Maryland Senator Millard Tydings, Chairman of the Senate Committee on Territories, arranged for Snyder's appointment as United States Attorney for the District of Puerto Rico. As U.S. Attorney, he prosecuted Puerto Rican independence activist Pedro Albizu Campos and defended then-Senate President Luis Muñoz Marín at U.S. Senate hearings on Muñoz's allegedly communist leanings. Supreme Court of Puerto Rico In 1942, President Franklin D. Roosevelt appointed Snyder as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico. Snyder became the last non-Puerto Rican appointed to that court. As Associate Justice, he appeared before the United States House of Representatives' Committee on Public Lands in 1950 in support of a bill allowing Puerto Rico to draft a local constitution. The bill was passed, and Snyder contributed to the drafting and translation of the Constitution of Puerto Rico. In 1953, Governor Luis Muñoz Marín, following a long-standing tradition of appointing the most senior Associate Justice as Chief Justice when a vacancy arose, appointed him Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico, the first appointment that a Puerto Rican governor made to the court, addressing the nomination to \"A. Cecilio Snyder\". Snyder actually used the name \"Cecilio\" when sworn in as Chief Justice. Resignation Four years later, in July 1957, after most of Puerto Rico's legal establishment had lost confidence in Snyder's leadership as Chief Justice, he resigned from the court effective September 15, 1957. He was succeeded as Chief Justice by Associate Justice Jaime Sifre Dávila. After his departure from the court, Snyder practiced law in San Juan, Puerto Rico until his death in 1959. See also List of Puerto Ricans Jewish immigration to Puerto Rico Sources La Justicia en sus Manos, by Luis Rafael Rivera, 2007, 1907 births 1959 deaths 20th-century American Jews Chief Justices of the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico Associate Justices of the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico Johns Hopkins University alumni Harvard Law School alumni Baltimore City College alumni United States Attorneys for the District of Puerto Rico 20th-century American judges", "title": "A. Cecil Snyder" }, { "docid": "20538552", "text": "Speculation abounded over potential nominations to the Supreme Court of the United States by Ronald Reagan even before his presidency officially began, due to the advanced ages of several justices, and Reagan's own highlighting of Supreme Court nominations as a campaign issue. Reagan had promised \"to appoint only those opposed to abortion and the 'judicial activism' of the Warren and Burger Courts\". Conversely, some opposed to Reagan argued that he could \"appoint as many as five Justices\" and would \"use the opportunity to stack the Court against women, minorities and social justice\". Sandra Day O'Connor nomination During his 1980 campaign, Reagan pledged that, if given the opportunity, he would appoint the first female Supreme Court Justice. That opportunity came in his first year in office when he nominated Sandra Day O'Connor to fill the vacancy created by the retirement of Justice Potter Stewart. O'Connor was approved by the Senate by a vote of 99–0 on September 21, 1981. Senator Max Baucus (D-MT) did not vote. William Rehnquist elevation In his second term, Reagan elevated William Rehnquist to succeed Warren Burger as Chief Justice. Rehnquist's confirmation was largely split along party lines, showing that he had not improved his standing among Senate Democrats since his contentious 1971 nomination to the Court. Rehnquist's elevation to Chief Justice was approved by the Senate by a vote of 65–33 on September 17, 1986. Senators Jake Garn (R-UT) and Barry Goldwater (R-AZ) did not vote. Senator Alan Simpson (R-WY) made public note on the Senate floor that Senator Garn's vote would have been to confirm had he been present. Democratic Senators who voted against Rehnquist's confirmation as an Associate Justice in 1971 and as Chief Justice in 1986 were Alan Cranston (CA), Daniel Inouye (HI), Edward M. Kennedy (MA) and Claiborne Pell (RI). Two Democrats who voted for Rehnquist's nomination as Associate Justice voted against his nomination as Chief Justice, Thomas Eagleton (MO) and Robert Byrd (WV). Antonin Scalia nomination After deciding to elevate Rehnquist to Chief Justice, Reagan considered both Robert Bork and Antonin Scalia to fill the vacant seat left by Rehnquist's elevation, but ultimately chose the younger and more charismatic Scalia. Scalia was approved by the Senate by a vote of 98–0 on September 17, 1986. Senators Jake Garn (R-UT) and Barry Goldwater (R-AZ) did not vote. Anthony Kennedy nomination Robert Bork selection Supreme Court of the United States Associate Justice Lewis Franklin Powell Jr. was a moderate/conservative but the \"swing vote\" on close decisions, and even before his expected retirement on June 27, 1987, Senate Democrats had asked liberal leaders to form \"a solid phalanx\" to oppose whomever President Ronald Reagan nominated to replace him, assuming the appointment would send the court rightward; Democrats warned Reagan there would be a fight. Reagan considered appointing Utah Senator Orrin Hatch to the seat, but Congress had approved $6,000 pay raises for Supreme Court Justices in February, raising a problem under the Ineligibility Clause of the United States Constitution, which prohibits a member of", "title": "Ronald Reagan Supreme Court candidates" }, { "docid": "3835759", "text": "Stuart Jeff Rabner (born June 30, 1960) is the chief justice of the New Jersey Supreme Court. He served as New Jersey Attorney General, chief counsel to Governor Jon Corzine, and as a federal prosecutor at the U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of New Jersey. Biography Rabner grew up in Passaic, New Jersey, and graduated from Passaic High School in 1978, where he was the class valedictorian. He graduated summa cum laude with a Bachelor of Arts from the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University in 1982 after completing a 172-page long senior thesis titled \"A Commitment Compromised: The Treatment of Nazi War Criminals by the United States Government.\" He then graduated cum laude from Harvard Law School in 1985. He is a resident of Caldwell, New Jersey. He was married in 1989 to Dr. Deborah Ann Wiener, and has three children: Erica, Carly, and Jack. In June 2007, he was named the most influential political personality in the state of New Jersey. In 2010, his name was proposed as a nominee to the U.S. Supreme Court to replace Associate Justice John Paul Stevens. Appointment as Chief Justice On June 4, 2007, Governor Corzine nominated Rabner to be Chief Justice of the New Jersey Supreme Court, replacing James R. Zazzali, who was nearing the mandatory retirement age. Shortly after the nomination, two members of the New Jersey Senate from Essex County, where Rabner resides, blocked consideration of his confirmation by invoking \"senatorial courtesy\", a Senate tradition that allows home county legislators to intercede to prevent consideration of a nominee from the counties they represent. State Senator Ronald Rice had initially blocked the nomination, but relented on June 15, 2007, after a meeting with the governor. Senator Nia Gill dropped her block on June 19, 2007, but did not initially explain the nature of concerns. With the senators permitting consideration of his nomination, Rabner was approved by the Senate Judiciary Committee, with Gill casting the only negative vote. On June 21, 2007, the New Jersey Senate confirmed Rabner as Chief Justice by a 36–1 vote, with Gill again casting the lone dissenting vote. Rabner was sworn in as chief justice on June 29, 2007, with acting Chief Justice Virginia Long administering the oath of office. On May 21, 2014, Governor Chris Christie renominated Rabner as chief justice despite their political differences, after a compromise was reached with State Senate Democrats, breaking a longstanding impasse over Supreme Court appointments. The Senate Judiciary Committee confirmed the nomination on June 14, 2014. Attorney general Rabner served as Attorney General of New Jersey in the cabinet of Governor Jon Corzine. He took office as attorney general on September 26, 2006. Rabner was nominated by Governor Corzine on August 24, 2006, to replace former Attorney General Zulima Farber who resigned and left office on August 31, 2006. Other positions After beginning his career as an assistant United States attorney, Rabner worked in a number of positions including first assistant United", "title": "Stuart Rabner" }, { "docid": "375837", "text": "The Court of King's Bench (or Court of Queen's Bench during the reign of a Queen) was one of the senior courts of common law in Ireland. It was a mirror of the Court of King's Bench in England. The Lord Chief Justice was the most senior judge in the court, and the second most senior Irish judge under English rule and later when Ireland became part of the United Kingdom. Additionally, for a brief period between 1922 and 1924, the Lord Chief Justice of Ireland was the most senior judge in the Irish Free State. History of the position The office was created during the Lordship of Ireland (1171–1536) and continued in existence under the Kingdom of Ireland (1536–1800) and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Prior to the Supreme Court of Judicature Act (Ireland) 1877, the Lord Chief Justice presided over the Court of King's/Queen's Bench, and as such ranked foremost amongst the judges sitting at common law. After 1877, the Lord Chief Justice assumed the presidency of the Queen's Bench Division of the new High Court of Justice, which sat permanently in the Four Courts in Dublin. Thomas Lefroy, later Lord Chief Justice of Ireland (LCJ 1852–1866), was used by Jane Austen as the model for her Pride and Prejudice character Mr. Darcy. Lefroy and Austen had had a romance in their youths. Other prominent Lord Chief Justices of Ireland include Lord Whiteside (LCJ 1866–1876), who as a Queen's Counsel had defended Irish nationalist leader Daniel O'Connell in court, Gerald FitzGerald, 3rd Earl of Desmond, Hugh de Lacy, Risteárd de Tiúit, John Doherty, Thomas Marlay, James Ley, Peter O'Brien, and James Henry Mussen Campbell, 1st Baron Glenavy (LCJ 1916–1918, later Chairman of Seanad Éireann and grandfather of the satirist Patrick Campbell). One Lord Chief Justice, Lord Kilwarden, was killed by a crowd during Robert Emmet's 1803 rebellion. Abolition of the position The abolition of the position of Lord Chief Justice of Ireland was originally envisaged in a draft of the Government of Ireland Bill 1920. The Bill originally proposed that the Lord Chief Justice of Ireland would become the Lord Chief Justice of Southern Ireland. However, the then incumbent, The Rt. Hon. Sir Thomas Molony, 1st Bt., vigorously lobbied for the right to continue to hold the title even after the Bill was passed. Ultimately, his arguments were at least in part accepted: The Act, in its transitional provisions, provided that while he would in effect be the first Lord Chief Justice of Southern Ireland, his title remained that of Lord Chief Justice of Ireland, although this was a transitional provision and was not a right to be enjoyed by his successors. Subsequently, the highest-ranking judicial posting in Ireland, that of Lord Chancellor of Ireland, was abolished in December 1922. This left the office of the Lord Chief Justice of Ireland as the most senior judge in the Irish Free State but not for very long. The Constitution of the Irish Free State adopted in", "title": "Lord Chief Justice of Ireland" }, { "docid": "356035", "text": "The chief justice is the presiding member of a supreme court in many countries with a justice system based on English common law, such as the High Court of Australia, the Supreme Court of Canada, the Supreme Court of Ghana, the Court of Final Appeal of Hong Kong, the Supreme Court of India, the Supreme Court of Ireland, the Supreme Court of Japan, the Supreme Court of Nepal, the Supreme Court of New Zealand, the Supreme Court of Nigeria, the Supreme Court of Pakistan, the Supreme Court of the Philippines, the Supreme Court of Singapore, the Supreme Court of the United States, and provincial or state supreme courts/high courts. The situation is slightly different in the three legal jurisdictions within the United Kingdom. The courts of England and Wales are headed by the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales; in Northern Ireland's courts, the equivalent position is the Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland, and in the courts of Scotland the head of the judiciary of Scotland is the Lord President of the Court of Session, who is also Lord Justice General of Scotland. These three judges are not, though, part of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom, which operates across all three jurisdictions and is headed by the President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom. The chief justice can be selected in many ways, but, in many nations, the position is given to the most senior justice of the court, while, in the United States, the chief justice is appointed by the President, subject to approval by the United States Senate. Although the title of this top American jurist is, by statute, Chief Justice of the United States, the term \"Chief Justice of the Supreme Court\" is often used unofficially. In some courts, the chief justice has a different title, e.g. President of the supreme court. In other courts, the title of chief justice is used, but the court has a different name, e.g. the Supreme Court of Judicature in colonial (British) Ceylon, the Constitutional Court of South Africa, and the Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia (in the US state of West Virginia). Competence The chief justice's personal ruling is equal in weight to the rulings of any associate judges on the court. In several countries, the chief justice is second in line to the office of president or governor general (or third in line, if there is a vice president or lieutenant governor general), should the incumbent die or resign. For example, if the Governor General of Canada is unable to perform the duties of the office, the Chief Justice of Canada performs the duties of the governor general. In India, in the event the President and the Vice- President are unable to discharge the functions due to death, resignation or removal, the Chief Justice of India acts as Officiating President of India. Apart from their intrinsic role in litigation, they may have additional responsibilities, such as swearing in high officers of", "title": "Chief justice" }, { "docid": "21127553", "text": "President Richard Nixon entered office in 1969 with Chief Justice Earl Warren having announced his retirement from the Supreme Court of the United States the previous year. Nixon appointed Warren E. Burger to replace Earl Warren, and during his time in office appointed three other members of the Supreme Court: Associate Justices Harry Blackmun, Lewis F. Powell, and William Rehnquist. Nixon also nominated Clement Haynsworth and G. Harrold Carswell for the vacancy that was ultimately filled by Blackmun, but the nominations were rejected by the United States Senate. Nixon's failed Supreme Court nominations were the first since Herbert Hoover's nomination of John J. Parker was rejected by the Senate. Politics While Nixon was a candidate for president, the sitting Chief Justice, Earl Warren, had long since become a lightning rod for controversy among conservatives: signs declaring \"Impeach Earl Warren\" could be seen around the country throughout the 1960s. The unsuccessful impeachment drive was a major focus of the John Birch Society. Warren E. Burger nomination In 1968, then-Chief Justice Earl Warren announced his retirement after 15 years on the Court, effective on the confirmation of his successor. President Lyndon B. Johnson nominated sitting Associate Justice Abe Fortas to be elevated to Chief Justice and nominated Homer Thornberry to take Fortas' Associate Justice seat, but a Senate filibuster blocked his confirmation. With Johnson's term as President about to expire before another nominee could be considered, Warren remained in office for another Supreme Court term. In his presidential campaign, Nixon had pledged to appoint a strict constructionist as Chief Justice. Many speculated that President Richard Nixon would elevate sitting Justice Potter Stewart to the post, some going so far as to call him the frontrunner. Stewart, though flattered by the suggestion, did not want again to appear before and expose his family to the Senate confirmation process. Also, he did not relish the prospect of taking on the administrative responsibilities delegated to the Chief Justice. Accordingly, he met privately with the president to ask for his name to be removed from consideration. Nixon also offered the position to former New York Governor Thomas E. Dewey, who declined. Instead, in 1969, Nixon nominated Warren E. Burger to the Chief Justice position. Burger had first caught Nixon's eye when the magazine U.S. News & World Report had reprinted a 1967 speech that Burger had given at Ripon College, in which he compared the United States judicial system to those of Norway, Sweden, and Denmark: I assume that no one will take issue with me when I say that these North European countries are as enlightened as the United States in the value they place on the individual and on human dignity. [Those countries] do not consider it necessary to use a device like our Fifth Amendment, under which an accused person may not be required to testify. They go swiftly, efficiently and directly to the question of whether the accused is guilty. No nation on earth goes to such lengths or takes such pains", "title": "Richard Nixon Supreme Court candidates" }, { "docid": "1786384", "text": "The United States District Court for the District of Columbia (in case citations, D.D.C.) is a federal district court in Washington, D.C. Along with the United States District Court for the District of Hawaii and the High Court of American Samoa, it also sometimes handles federal issues that arise in the territory of American Samoa, which has no local federal court or territorial court. Appeals from the District Court are taken to the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit. The current United States Attorney for the District of Columbia is Matthew M. Graves, who was sworn into office on November 5, 2021. History The court was established by Congress in 1863 as the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia, replacing the abolished circuit and district courts of the District of Columbia that had been in place since 1801. The court consisted of four justices, including a chief justice, and was granted the same powers and jurisdiction as the earlier circuit court. Any of the justices could convene a United States circuit court or a local criminal court. In 1936, Congress renamed the court the District Court of the United States for the District of Columbia. Its current name was adopted in 1948, and from then on justices were known as judges. Originally housed in the former District of Columbia City Hall, the court now sits in the E. Barrett Prettyman Federal Courthouse located at 333 Constitution Avenue, N.W., in Washington, D.C. The District has no local district attorney or equivalent, and so local prosecutorial matters also fall into the jurisdiction of the United States Attorney for the District of Columbia. Assistant United States attorneys (AUSAs) are tasked with prosecution of not only federal crimes but also crimes that would normally be left to the state prosecutor's discretion. The District Court has the largest U.S. Attorney's Office in the nation, with around 250 assistant U.S. attorneys. Current judges : Vacancies and pending nominations Former judges Chief judges Succession of seats Associate Justices Clabaugh, McCoy, Wheat and Laws were elevated to Chief Justice. Chief Justice Laws was assigned to the new Seat 13 by operation of law upon the abolition of the Chief Justice Seat 1. List of U.S. Attorneys United States Attorney for the District of Columbia See also Courts of the United States List of current United States district judges List of United States federal courthouses in the District of Columbia References External links Official website Official Courthouse History Federal Judicial Center's History of the Court 1863 establishments in Washington, D.C. Courts and tribunals established in 1863 Government in Washington, D.C. District of Columbia", "title": "United States District Court for the District of Columbia" }, { "docid": "49637834", "text": "The Taft Court refers to the Supreme Court of the United States from 1921 to 1930, when William Howard Taft served as Chief Justice of the United States. Taft succeeded Edward Douglass White as Chief Justice after the latter's death, and Taft served as Chief Justice until his resignation, at which point Charles Evans Hughes was nominated and confirmed as Taft's replacement. Taft was also the nation's 27th president (1909–13); he is the only person to serve as both President of the United States and Chief Justice. The Taft Court continued the Lochner era and largely reflected the conservatism of the 1920s. The Taft Court is also notable for being the first court able to exert some control over its own docket, as the Judiciary Act of 1925 instituted the requirement that almost all cases receive a writ of certiorari from four justices before appearing before the Supreme Court. Membership The Taft Court began in 1921 when President Warren Harding appointed former President William Howard Taft to replace Chief Justice Edward Douglass White, who Taft himself had made Chief Justice in 1910. The Taft Court began with Taft and eight members of the White Court: Joseph McKenna, Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., William R. Day, Willis Van Devanter, Mahlon Pitney, James Clark McReynolds, Louis Brandeis, and John Hessin Clarke. In 1922 and 1923, Harding appointed George Sutherland, Pierce Butler, and Edward Terry Sanford to replace Day, Pitney, and Clarke. In 1925, President Calvin Coolidge appointed Harlan F. Stone to replace the retiring McKenna. Timeline 1925 photo [[File:SUPREME COURT, U.S. TAFT COURT LCCN2016861487 (cropped).png\|thumb\|center\|upright=2.0\|The Taft Court in 1925: Seated in the front row are justices James McReynolds, Oliver Wendell Holmes, William Taft (chief justice), Willis Van Devanter, and Louis Brandeis. Standing in the back row are justices Edward Sanford, George Sutherland, Pierce Butler, and Harlan Stone; Justice Butler, a Catholic, was the lone dissenter to Buck v. Bell in 1927.]] Other branches Presidents during this court included Warren G. Harding, Calvin Coolidge, and Herbert Hoover. Congresses during this court included 67th through the 71st United States Congresses. Selected Rulings of the CourtPennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon (1922): In a decision written by Justice Holmes, the court established the doctrine of regulatory taking under the Takings Clause.Federal Baseball Club v. National League (1922): In a unanimous decision written by Justice Holmes, the court held that Major League Baseball operations did not qualify as interstate commerce and hence that the league was exempt from the Sherman Antitrust Act. The suit had been brought by the owner of the Baltimore Terrapins of the Federal League, the last major league to compete with Major League Baseball.Bailey v. Drexel Furniture Co. (1922): In an 8–1 decision delivered by Justice Taft, the court struck down the 1919 Child Labor Tax Law, which Congress had passed to tax companies using child labor. The court held that the tax was not a true tax, but rather a regulation on businesses using child labor, and thus a violation of the Tenth", "title": "Taft Court" }, { "docid": "22771762", "text": "During his two terms in office, President Harry S. Truman appointed four members of the Supreme Court of the United States: Chief Justice Fred M. Vinson, Associate Justice Harold Burton, Associate Justice Tom C. Clark, and Associate Justice Sherman Minton. Harold Burton nomination When Supreme Court Associate Justice Owen J. Roberts retired in 1945, Truman decided to appoint a Republican as a bipartisan gesture. Truman had first met Harold Hitz Burton in 1941, when Burton was elected to the United States Senate, where Truman was then serving. Burton served with Truman on the Senate investigative committee that oversaw the U.S. war effort during World War II, and the two got along well. On September 19, 1945, Truman nominated Burton, who was unanimously confirmed by the United States Senate on the same day by voice vote, without hearing or debate. Fred Vinson nomination Chief Justice Harlan Fiske Stone died in office on April 2, 1946. Rumors that Truman would appoint Robert H. Jackson as Stone's successor led several newspapers to investigate and report on a controversy between Justice Jackson and Justice Hugo Black arising from Black's refusal to recuse himself in Jewell Ridge Coal Corp. v. Local 6167, United Mine Workers (1945). Black and Douglas allegedly leaked to newspapers that they would resign if Jackson were appointed Chief Justice. On June 6, 1946, Truman nominated Fred M. Vinson, an old friend, as Stone's replacement. Vinson was confirmed by the United States Senate on June 20, 1946 by voice vote. Tom Clark nomination The next vacancy occurred with the death of Justice Frank Murphy on July 19, 1949. On August 2, 1949, Truman nominated Attorney General Tom C. Clark. The New York Times called Clark \"a personal and political friend [of Truman's] with no judicial experience and few demonstrated qualifications.\" Clark had held various position in the Justice Department during the Roosevelt Administration, and had met and become good friends with Truman during that time; when Truman became President, one of his first acts was to appoint Clark as Attorney General. After playing an active role in the effort to reelect Truman in 1948, Clark made clear to the White House that he was planning to return to Texas and the practice of law. Following Justice Murphy's sudden death, however, Truman nominated Clark to fill the vacancy, partly to bolster the majority of Chief Justice Fred Vinson, a former cabinet colleague and friend of Clark who, since his 1946 appointment by Truman, had failed to unify the Court. Numerous attacks from across the political spectrum were leveled at the nomination. Allegations included charges of “cronyism” and a lack of judicial experience. Policy objections focused on Clark's work at the center of Truman’s anti-communist agenda and, specifically, the Attorney General’s List of Subversive Organizations. Former Roosevelt cabinet members Henry Wallace and Harold Ickes also leveled broadsides, for both personal and ideological reasons. Ickes said about Clark's nomination to the Court, \"President Truman has not 'elevated' Tom C. Clark to the Supreme Court, he", "title": "Harry S. Truman Supreme Court candidates" }, { "docid": "16390104", "text": "David E. Nahmias (born September 11, 1964) is an American lawyer who served as the chief justice of the Supreme Court of Georgia from 2021 to 2022. He is the former United States Attorney for the Northern District of Georgia. Background and early career He attended Briarcliff High School and was the state's STAR student. He attended Duke University, where he graduated first in his class and summa cum laude, and Harvard Law School, where in 1991 he graduated magna cum laude and was an editor of the Harvard Law Review (along with President Obama). At Duke, he was the recipient of the A.B. Duke Scholarship. Career He clerked for Judge Laurence H. Silberman of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia and Justice Antonin Scalia of the U.S. Supreme Court during the 1992 Term. He worked for law firm of Hogan & Hartson in Washington, D.C. In 1995, Nahmias joined the U.S. Attorney's Office in Atlanta in January. In October 2001, Nahmias was detailed to the United States Department of Justice Criminal Division in Washington to serve as Counsel to the Assistant Attorney General. After being nominated by President George W. Bush and confirmed by the United States Senate, on December 1, 2004, Nahmias returned home to Atlanta to take office as the United States Attorney for the Northern District of Georgia. Georgia Supreme Court Nahmias was named to the Supreme Court of Georgia by Governor Sonny Perdue on August 13, 2009, to fill the vacancy left by the resignation of Leah Ward Sears. He took office on September 3, 2009, and won re-election in November 2010. On September 4, 2018, Nahmias was sworn in as Presiding Justice, replacing Harold Melton, who became Chief Justice on the same day. He was sworn in as Chief Justice on July 1, 2021. He resigned on July 17, 2022. In 2020, Nahmias wrote a ruling that authorized a loophole that allowed any Georgia Supreme Court judge who faces a serious re-election challenge to resign and have the Georgia governor appoint a new judge to a full term, thus disincentivizing challenges against incumbents and undermining competitive elections. See also List of law clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States (Seat 9) References \|- 1964 births Living people 21st-century American judges Chief Justices of the Supreme Court of Georgia (U.S. state) Duke University alumni Georgia (U.S. state) lawyers Harvard Law School alumni Justices of the Supreme Court of Georgia (U.S. state) Law clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States People associated with Hogan Lovells United States Attorneys for the Northern District of Georgia", "title": "David Nahmias" }, { "docid": "21479368", "text": "The Judicial Conference of the United States, formerly known as the Conference of Senior Circuit Judges, was created by the United States Congress in 1922 with the principal objective of framing policy guidelines for administration of judicial courts in the United States. The Conference derives its authority from , which states that it is headed by the chief justice of the United States and consists of the chief justice, the chief judge of each court of appeals federal regional circuit, a district court judge from various federal judicial districts, and the chief judge of the United States Court of International Trade. History Responding to a backlog of cases in the federal courts, in 1922 Congress enacted a new form of court administration that advanced the institutionalization of an independent judiciary. The establishment of an annual Conference of Senior Circuit Judges, later to be known as the Judicial Conference of the United States, culminated more than a decade of public debate on the reform of judicial administration. The Conference of Senior Circuit Judges provided the first formal mechanism by which members of the federal judiciary might develop national administrative policies, reassign judges temporarily, and recommend legislation. Chief Justice William Howard Taft, appointed to the Supreme Court in 1921, had led a public campaign for federal judicial reform since leaving the White House in 1913. Taft proposed the appointment of at-large judges, what he called a \"flying squadron\", that could be assigned temporarily to congested courts. In Taft's plan, a conference of judges would serve primarily to assess the caseload of the lower courts and assign the at-large judges to courts in need. Taft, supported by a group of federal judges and legal scholars, hoped that the establishment of a more efficient federal judiciary would deflect the efforts of Senator George W. Norris and others who advocated an end to life tenure on the federal bench and the restriction of the lower federal courts' jurisdiction. By the time Taft became Chief Justice, the increased caseload resulting from World War I and the enforcement of Prohibition had contributed to broad support for reform of the federal judiciary. Assuming a role as leader of the judiciary as well as the Supreme Court, Taft joined with Attorney General Harry M. Daugherty and appeared before the Senate Judiciary Committee to urge legislation. A large majority in Congress agreed with the need for reform, but both the Senate and the House of Representatives insisted on revising Taft's proposals so that they conformed more closely to the traditions of the federal judiciary. Congress established an annual conference of the chief justice of the United States (or the senior associate justice if the chief is unable), and the senior circuit judge (now called the chief judge) from each judicial circuit and charged the conference with a general mandate to advise on the administrative needs of the federal courts. The act required the senior judge in each district to prepare an annual report of the business of the district's court.", "title": "Judicial Conference of the United States" }, { "docid": "14324425", "text": "The Jay Court refers to the Supreme Court of the United States from 1789 to 1795, when John Jay served as the first Chief Justice of the United States. Jay served as Chief Justice until his resignation, at which point John Rutledge took office as a recess appointment. The Supreme Court was established in Article III of the United States Constitution, but the workings of the federal court system were largely laid out by the Judiciary Act of 1789, which established a six-member Supreme Court, composed of one Chief Justice and five Associate Justices. As the first President, George Washington was responsible for appointing the entire Supreme Court. The act also created thirteen judicial districts, along with district courts and circuit courts for each district. The Court held its inaugural session on February 2, 1790, at the Royal Exchange in New York City. However, with no cases on the docket and little pressing business, the term lasted for only eight days. It was not until August 1791 that the Court issued its first decision. That same year, the Court moved with the rest of the federal government to Philadelphia. The Court's business through its first three years primarily involved the establishment of rules and procedure; reading of commissions and admission of attorneys to the bar; and the Justices' duties in circuit riding, to preside over cases in the circuit courts of the various federal judicial districts. It heard only four cases during Jay's chief justiceship. During his tenure, Jay established an early precedent for the Court's independence in 1790, when Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton wrote to him requesting an advisory opinion on proposed legislation supported by the president. Jay replied that the Court's business was restricted to ruling on the constitutionality of cases being tried before it and refused to allow it to take a position either for or against the legislation. This established a precedent that the Court only hears cases and controversies. Membership In September 1789, Washington nominated John Jay as the first Chief Justice and nominated John Rutledge, William Cushing, James Wilson, John Blair Jr., and Robert Harrison as Associate Justices. All were quickly confirmed by the Senate, with Wilson being the first to take the prescribed oaths of office—on October 5, 1789—and to be fully vested as a member of the Supreme Court. Then, after Harrison declined the appointment, Washington appointed James Iredell in 1790. Rutledge resigned in 1791 and was replaced by Thomas Johnson, who resigned in 1793. Johnson was replaced by William Paterson. The justices represented every region of the country, as Washington emphasized geographical balance in making his appointments. The Jay Court ended in 1795, when Jay resigned to become Governor of New York. Jay was replaced via recess appointment by John Rutledge, though Rutledge was denied confirmation by the Senate. Oliver Ellsworth became the third Chief Justice in 1796. Timeline Other branches The President during this court was George Washington. Congresses during this court included the 1st through 4th United States Congresses.", "title": "Jay Court" }, { "docid": "49629888", "text": "The Vinson Court refers to the Supreme Court of the United States from 1946 to 1953, when Fred M. Vinson served as Chief Justice of the United States. Vinson succeeded Harlan F. Stone as Chief Justice after the latter's death, and Vinson served as Chief Justice until his death, at which point Earl Warren was nominated and confirmed to succeed Vinson. The court presided over the country during the start of the Cold War and the Korean War. The court's decisions reflected the continuing ideological battle between the judicial restraint of Justice Felix Frankfurter and the civil rights activism of Justices William O. Douglas and Hugo Black. Frankfurter's more conservative views prevailed during Vinson's tenure, but many of the dissents written during the Vinson Court would lay the groundwork for the major rulings during the succeeding Warren Court. Membership The Vinson Court began in 1946, when U.S. Secretary of the Treasury Fred M. Vinson was confirmed to replace Harlan F. Stone as Chief Justice. Vinson was appointed by President Harry Truman, who had also appointed Harold Hitz Burton to the court in 1945. At the beginning of the Vinson Court, the court consisted of Vinson, Burton, and seven Franklin D. Roosevelt's appointees: Hugo Black, Stanley Forman Reed, Felix Frankfurter, William O. Douglas, Frank Murphy, Robert H. Jackson, and Wiley Rutledge. Rutledge and Murphy both died in 1949, prompting Truman to appoint Tom C. Clark and Sherman Minton to the bench. Vinson died in September, 1953. President Dwight Eisenhower appointed Earl Warren as Vinson's successor by means of a recess appointment. Timeline Other branches Presidents during this court included Harry S. Truman and Dwight D. Eisenhower. Congresses during this court included 79th through the 83rd United States Congresses. Rulings of the Court The short tenure of the Vinson Court gave it relatively little time to render major rulings, but decisions of the court include: Everson v. Board of Education (1947): In a 5–4 decision written by Justice Black, the court upheld a New Jersey law that provided for transportation reimbursement for children attending private schools. The court unanimously incorporated the Establishment Clause via the Fourteenth Amendment, but the majority held that the New Jersey law did not violate the Establishment Clause because the reimbursements were provided to all parents regardless of religion. Shelley v. Kraemer (1948): In a 6–0 decision written by Chief Justice Vinson, the court struck down a racially restrictive covenant which had prevented people of color from purchasing a house in St. Louis, Missouri. The court held that such covenants cannot be enforced by courts of law since doing so would violate the Equal Protection Clause. McCollum v. Board of Education (1948): In an 8–1 decision written by Justice Black, the court struck down an Illinois program that used public school classrooms to teach voluntary religion classes during school hours. The court held that the classes violated the Establishment Clause. United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc. (1948): In a 7–1 opinion written by Justice Douglas, the court forced", "title": "Vinson Court" }, { "docid": "27419495", "text": "Smith Thompson (January 17, 1768 – December 18, 1843) was a US Secretary of the Navy from 1819 to 1823 and a US Supreme Court Associate Justice from 1823 to his death. Early life and the law Born in Amenia, New York, Thompson graduated from Princeton University (then known as the College of New Jersey) in 1788, taught for a short period thereafter, then studied law under James Kent and subsequently set up a law practice. He practiced in Troy, New York from 1792 to 1793, and in Poughkeepsie, New York from 1793 to 1802. Smith Thompson's father Ezra Thompson (1738–1816) and grandfather Samuel Thompson (1696–1768) were part of a family group that moved from New Haven, Connecticut to Dutchess County, New York by the time of the Revolution. His father's first cousins Israel Thompson and Jesse Thompson were both prominent citizens who served multiple terms in the New York State Assembly. Politics and the court Smith Thompson was elected to the New York State Assembly in 1800, and attended the New York Constitutional Convention of 1801. He was appointed to the New York State Supreme Court in 1802, serving as associate justice from 1802 to 1814, and chief justice from 1814 to 1818. In 1819, Thompson achieved national prominence when he was appointed the 6th Secretary of the Navy by U.S. President James Monroe, and then again in 1823–1824, when he campaigned for the Democratic-Republican Party presidential nomination for the 1824 U.S. presidential election. He would withdraw from his presidential campaign when outcompeted by other candidates. Thompson only reluctantly accepted his recess appointment to the United States Supreme Court from President James Monroe on September 1, 1823. He was to fill a seat vacated by Henry Brockholst Livingston. Formally nominated on December 5, 1823, Thompson was confirmed by the United States Senate on December 9, 1823, and received his commission the same day. Throughout his time on the court he was a staunch opponent of Chief Justice John Marshall. In a move now considered unusual, but then quite common, Thompson continued his political ambitions by running for other political offices while still on the bench. However, his 1828 bid for Governor of New York was unsuccessful, unlike the example of Chief Justice John Jay, who successfully ran a three-year campaign while still a Justice, ultimately winning election as New York State governor in 1795. Thereafter, Thompson mostly exited political life. His dissent protesting the State of Georgia invading the lands of the Cherokee Nation, in Cherokee Nation v. Georgia, 30 U.S. 1 (1831), is important to understanding the history of Native American rights. Chief Justice Marshall began the main opinion sympathetic to the Cherokee Nation's legal claim: But Chief Justice Marshall found that the Cherokee Nation was not a \"foreign nation\" and that the Supreme Court had no subject matter jurisdiction to even consider the merits of its petition to enjoin the State of Georgia from invading its territory to possess mining interests. Justice Thompson's dissent stated: Thompson presided", "title": "Smith Thompson" }, { "docid": "36032050", "text": "The Waite Court refers to the Supreme Court of the United States from 1874 to 1888, when Morrison Waite served as the seventh Chief Justice of the United States. Waite succeeded Salmon P. Chase as Chief Justice after the latter's death. Waite served as Chief Justice until his death, at which point Melville Fuller was nominated and confirmed as Waite's successor. The Waite Court presided over the end of the Reconstruction Era, and the start of the Gilded Age. It also played an important role during the constitutional crisis that arose following the 1876 presidential election, as five of its members served on the Electoral Commission that Congress created to settle the dispute over who won the Electoral College vote. During Waite's tenure, the jurisdiction of federal circuit courts (as against that of the State courts) was expanded by the Jurisdiction and Removal Act of 1875, which gave the federal judiciary full jurisdiction over federal questions. As a result of the change, caseloads in the federal courts grew considerably. Membership The Waite court began with the appointment of Morrison Waite by President Ulysses S. Grant to succeed Chief Justice Salmon Chase. Grant had previously nominated Attorney General George Henry Williams and former Attorney General Caleb Cushing, but withdrew both nominations after encountering opposition in the Senate. The Waite Court began with eight holdovers from the Chase Court: Nathan Clifford, Noah Haynes Swayne, Samuel Freeman Miller, David Davis, Stephen Johnson Field, William Strong, Joseph P. Bradley, and Ward Hunt. Clifford, Miller, Field, Strong, and Bradley served on the 1877 Electoral Commission. Davis resigned from the court in 1877 to serve in the United States Senate, and President Rutherford B. Hayes successfully nominated John Marshall Harlan to replace him. In 1880, Hayes successfully nominated William Burnham Woods to replace the retiring Strong. In 1881, President James Garfield nominated Stanley Matthews to replace the retiring Swayne. President Chester A. Arthur added Horace Gray and Samuel Blatchford to the court, replacing Clifford and Hunt. Woods died in 1887, and President Grover Cleveland appointed Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar II to the court. Timeline Other branches Presidents during this court included Ulysses S. Grant, Rutherford B. Hayes, James A. Garfield, Chester A. Arthur, and Grover Cleveland. Congresses during this court included 43rd through the 50th United States Congresses. Rulings of the Court Notable rulings of the Waite Court include: United States v. Reese (1875): In a 7–2 decision delivered by Chief Justice Waite, the court held that the Fifteenth Amendment does not prevent states from using ostensibly race-neutral limitations on voting rights such as poll taxes, grandfather clauses, and literacy tests. The decision played a major role in allowing states to effectively disenfranchise African-Americans. Minor v. Happersett (1875): In a unanimous decision written by Chief Justice Waite, the court held that the Constitution did not grant women the right to vote. The ruling was effectively overturned by the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. United States v. Cruikshank (1875): In a 9–0 decision delivered by", "title": "Waite Court" }, { "docid": "11114109", "text": "The Marshall Court refers to the Supreme Court of the United States from 1801 to 1835, when John Marshall served as the fourth Chief Justice of the United States. Marshall served as Chief Justice until his death, at which point Roger Taney took office. The Marshall Court played a major role in increasing the power of the judicial branch, as well as the power of the national government. Membership The Marshall Court began in 1801, when President John Adams appointed Secretary of State John Marshall to replace the retiring Oliver Ellsworth. Marshall was nominated after former Chief Justice John Jay refused the position; many in Adams's party advocated the elevation of Associate Justice William Paterson, but Adams refused to nominate someone close to his intra-party rival, Alexander Hamilton. The Marshall Court began with Marshall and five Associate Justices from the Ellsworth Court: William Cushing, William Paterson, Samuel Chase, Bushrod Washington, and Alfred Moore. President Thomas Jefferson appointed William Johnson to replace Moore after Moore resigned in 1804. In 1807, Jefferson appointed two more justices, as Paterson died and Congress added a new seat for an Associate Justice. Jefferson successfully nominated Henry Brockholst Livingston and Thomas Todd. President James Madison appointed Gabriel Duvall and Joseph Story in 1811 and 1812, replacing Cushing and Chase. Madison had nominated Alexander Wolcott to replace Cushing, but the Senate voted him down. President James Monroe appointed Smith Thompson to succeed Livingston in 1823. President John Quincy Adams successfully nominated Robert Trimble to replace Todd in 1826. Trimble died in 1828, and Adams's nomination of John J. Crittenden was blocked by the Senate. Instead, Trimble was succeeded by John McLean, who was appointed by Andrew Jackson. In 1830, Jackson appointed Henry Baldwin to replace Washington, and in 1834, Jackson appointed James Moore Wayne to replace Johnson. In 1835, Jackson nominated Roger Taney to succeed the retiring Duvall, but the nomination was denied by the Senate. Marshall died in 1835, and Taney was instead nominated to replace Marshall as Chief Justice. Taney was confirmed in 1836, beginning the Taney Court. Timeline Other branches Presidents during this court included John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, James Monroe, John Quincy Adams, and Andrew Jackson. Congresses during this court included 6th through the 24th United States Congresses. Political role Marshall took office during the final months of John Adams's presidency, and his appointment entrenched Federalist power within the judiciary. The Judiciary Act of 1801 also established several new court positions that were filled by President Adams, but the act was largely repealed after the Democratic-Republicans took control of the government in the 1800 elections. Regardless, Marshall was the last justice appointed by a president of the Federalist Party, and the last justice appointed by a president who was not a member of the Democratic-Republicans or Democratic Party until the 1840s. Although Democratic-Republicans had appointed a majority of the justices after 1811, Marshall's philosophy of a relatively strong national government continued to guide the decisions of the Supreme Court until his", "title": "Marshall Court" }, { "docid": "9379644", "text": "The New Mexico Supreme Court () is the highest court in the U.S. state of New Mexico. It is established and its powers defined by Article VI of the New Mexico Constitution. It is primarily an appellate court which reviews civil and criminal decisions of New Mexico's trial courts of general jurisdiction and certain specialized legislative courts, only having original jurisdiction in a limited number of actions. It currently resides in the New Mexico Supreme Court Building in Santa Fe. The court's five justices are chosen by statewide election, or appointed by the governor if to fill a seat that has become vacant mid-term; the justices in turn choose who among them will serve as chief justice. The second time they face popular election, they must first pass review by a judicial standards committee, and then face a retention election in which they must receive at least 57% of the vote. History New Mexico Territorial Supreme Court In 1846, what is now New Mexico was seized by the United States from Mexico at the outset of the Mexican–American War. Brigadier General Stephen Watts Kearny was installed as military governor at Santa Fe, and appointed Joab Houghton the first Chief Justice of New Mexico, in the provisional civilian government, with Antonio J. Otero and Charles Beaubien also serving as justices. Houghton served until 1850, when the New Mexico Territory was organized by one of the five acts of United States Congress collectively known as the Compromise of 1850. Section 10 of the 1850 Act formally established the supreme court for the territory. The court consisted of a chief justice and two associate justices (later increased to five), who were appointed to four-year terms by the president of the United States and confirmed by the U.S. Senate. The court met in a building designed by Chief Justice Houghton, which served as the courthouse until 1937. The justices were also to each preside over a trial court within one of the territory's three judicial districts. This resulted in a situation then common among the territorial courts, in which the Supreme Court justices would often preside over an appeal from a decision that one of them had handed down; Congress later required disqualification of the justice. The appellate and original jurisdiction of the Territorial Supreme Court was to be defined by subsequent law of the territory, though the 1850 Act provided that writs of error and appeals were to be allowed in all cases from final decisions of the District courts. The justices were given the same power to grant writs of habeas corpus as judges of the United States in the District of Columbia. During the Civil War, portions of the territory, including Santa Fe, were briefly captured by forces of the Confederate Army in 1862. The only Chief Justice of New Mexico to be appointed under the Confederacy was Silas Hare, later to become a U.S. Congressman decades after the war. Hare resigned from the bench to become a colonel in the", "title": "New Mexico Supreme Court" }, { "docid": "17962233", "text": "David Moffatt Furches (April 2, 1832 – June 7, 1908) was an American politician and jurist who served as an associate justice (1895–1901) and chief justice (1901–1903) of the North Carolina Supreme Court. Biography David M. Furches was born in Davie County, North Carolina in 1832. He read law under Chief Justice Richmond M. Pearson at the Richmond Hill Law School and served in the state constitutional convention in 1865, representing Davie County. Furches practiced law in Davie and later Iredell County, North Carolina and became a prominent member of the North Carolina Republican Party. In 1875, he was appointed a state superior court judge, a position he held until 1879. He lost two races for the United States House of Representatives, one in 1872 and the other in 1880, and was his party's nominee for Governor of North Carolina in 1892, losing to Elias Carr. In 1894, Furches was elected to the state Supreme Court. In 1900 the justices, by a vote of four to one, declared unconstitutional important legislation enacted by the North Carolina General Assembly of 1899-1900, which was controlled by Democrats. When Chief Justice William T. Faircloth died in December 1900, fellow Republican Gov. Daniel L. Russell appointed Furches to the post. He married twice, to Eliza Bingham and Lula Corpening. He died at his home in Statesville on June 7, 1908. Impeachment On February 18, 1901, the North Carolina House of Representatives (again controlled by Democrats) impeached Furches and Associate Justice Robert M. Douglas (who was also a Republican). The charges involved an obscure case in which the justices ordered the North Carolina State Treasurer to pay the salary of the state Shell Fish Inspector (a Republican), against the wishes of the General Assembly. A two-thirds majority was required to remove the justices, and none of the five articles of impeachment attracted even a majority of the North Carolina Senate in his impeachment trial. Yes-no votes on the five articles were 23-27, 24-26, 24-26, 25-25 and 16-34. Among the lawyers defending Furches in the impeachment proceedings was former Gov. Thomas J. Jarvis, a Democrat. Furches lost in his bid for election as chief justice in 1902. As of 1906, he was a member of the state Republican Party's executive committee. References Reminiscences and Memoirs of North Carolina and Eminent North Carolinians by John H. Wheeler North Carolina Manual of 1913 OurCampaigns.com External links 1832 births 1908 deaths North Carolina Republicans North Carolina lawyers Chief Justices of the North Carolina Supreme Court U.S. state supreme court judges admitted to the practice of law by reading law 19th-century American judges United States judges impeached by state or territorial governments", "title": "David M. Furches" }, { "docid": "49663268", "text": "The Fuller Court refers to the Supreme Court of the United States from 1888 to 1910, when Melville Fuller served as the eighth Chief Justice of the United States. Fuller succeeded Morrison R. Waite as Chief Justice after the latter's death, and Fuller served as Chief Justice until his death, at which point Associate Justice Edward Douglass White was nominated and confirmed as Fuller's replacement. During the era of the Fuller Court, the Judiciary Act of 1891 was passed, easing the burden of the Supreme Court by creating the United States courts of appeals. The Fuller Court was the first of three consecutive conservative courts, and established the Lochner era. Membership The Fuller court began in October 1888, when the Senate confirmed President Grover Cleveland's nomination of Melville Fuller as the successor to Chief Justice Waite. On Fuller's accession to the office, the Fuller Court consisted of associate justices: Samuel Freeman Miller, Stephen Johnson Field, Joseph P. Bradley, John Marshall Harlan, Stanley Matthews, Horace Gray, Samuel Blatchford, and Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar IIwho had taken office earlier that year. Matthews, Miller, and Bradley all died between 1889 and 1892, and President Benjamin Harrison appointed David Josiah Brewer, Henry Billings Brown, and George Shiras Jr. to replace them. Lamar and Blatchford both died in 1893, and President Harrison appointed Howell Edmunds Jackson while President Cleveland appointed Edward Douglass White as their replacements. White was Cleveland's third nominee to the seat that had been held by Blatchford, following the Senate's rejections of William B. Hornblower and Wheeler Hazard Peckham. Jackson died in 1895, and was replaced by another Cleveland appointee, Rufus Wheeler Peckham, brother of Wheeler Peckham. Field retired in 1897, and was replaced by Attorney General Joseph McKenna, the lone appointment made by William McKinley. Gray died in 1902 and Shiras retired in 1903; President Theodore Roosevelt successfully nominated Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. and William R. Day to replace them. Brown retired in 1906, and Roosevelt appointed William Henry Moody to the court. Peckham died in 1909 and was succeeded by Horace Harmon Lurton, an appointee of President William Howard Taft. After Fuller's death, Fuller was replaced as Chief Justice by Associate Justice Edward Douglass White, who was elevated by President Taft. Between the death of Fuller and the elevation of White, Charles Evans Hughes joined the court as the successor to David Josiah Brewer, who died in 1910. Moody also retired in 1910, shortly before the elevation of White due to a prolonged illness. Timeline Other branches Presidents during this court included Grover Cleveland (two non-consecutive terms), Benjamin Harrison, William McKinley, Teddy Roosevelt, and William Howard Taft. Congresses during this court included 50th through the 61st United States Congresses. Rulings of the Court Major rulings of the Fuller Court include: Chae Chan Ping v. United States (1889): In a decision written by Justice Field, the court upheld the Scott Act (an addendum to the Chinese Exclusion Act), holding that Congress has broad powers in setting immigration policy. Pollock v. Farmers'", "title": "Fuller Court" }, { "docid": "40395431", "text": "Nathan B. Coats is an American lawyer and jurist who served as the 46th chief justice of the Colorado Supreme Court from 2018 to 2020. Coats had been appointed to the court in 2000, by Governor Bill Owens and served until his retirement in 2020. His views while serving on the court were considered conservative. Early life Nathan B. Coats received an undergraduate degree from the University of Colorado in 1971, and later received a juris doctor from the university in 1977. He was admitted to the Colorado Bar Association in 1977. Career Military Service Coats served in the United States Army before entering law school. Law Coats worked at a private practice in Longmont, Colorado, from 1977 to 1978. He joined the Colorado Attorney General's in 1978 and served in the office's appellate unit until 1986. While in that role he worked for Mary Mullarkey, who later became Colorado's chief justice. From 1986 to 2000, he served as a chief appellate deputy district attorney in Denver, Colorado. During Coats's career, he appeared before the Colorado Courts of Appeals and Colorado Supreme Court over 150 times. A man murdered a fourteen-year-old girl and confessed to her murder to police in 1983, after waiving his right to remain silent. However, his confession was ruled invalid after his defense attorneys argued that he was mentally ill. Coats argued for Colorado at the Colorado Supreme Court and won which allowed the confession to be admitted as evidence. Coats also argued Colorado v. Connelly in the Supreme Court of the United States. Colorado Supreme Court Governor Bill Owens selected Coats on April 24, 2000, to replace Gregory K. Scott on the Colorado Supreme Court, becoming Owens' twentieth judicial nomination, after Scott's resignation. He was retained in the 2002 and 2012 elections. He was considered \"a fairly consistent conservative vote on the court\" by Richard Collins, a professor from the University of Colorado Boulder. In 2006, the court ruled five to two to invalidate the Defend Colorado Now proposition as it was not a single-subject initiative, but Coats dissented stating that court took too much latitude with the single-subject requirement. The court ruled four to three in 2019, that a police search started as a result of a dog trained to detect marijuana was unconstitutional as marijuana was legal in Colorado, but Coats dissented in the decision. Coats became the 46th chief justice of the supreme court on June 30, 2018, following the retirement of Chief Justice Nancy E. Rice who had served as chief justice since 2013. Coats retired once he reached the age of seventy-two which was the mandatory retirement age for judges and Justice Brian Boatright was selected to succeed him as chief justice. At the time of his retirement he was the last person appointed to the court by a Republican. He left the court on January 1, 2020, and Governor Jared Polis, in his first appointment to the supreme court, appointed Maria Berkenkotter to succeed him. Censure Former Chief Justice", "title": "Nathan B. Coats" }, { "docid": "70098116", "text": "Patricia Guerrero (born December 7, 1971) is an American judge who is the 29th Chief Justice of California and served as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of California from March 2022 through December 2022. Guerrero was previously an associate justice of the California Court of Appeal for the Fourth District, Division One from 2017 to 2022, a judge on the San Diego County Superior Court from 2013 to 2017 and an assistant U.S. attorney in the United States District Court for the Southern District of California from 2002 to 2003. On August 10, 2022, Guerrero was nominated to the position of Chief Justice of California by Governor Gavin Newsom. She is a Democrat. Education Guerrero was born in California to parents from Mexico. She was raised in the Imperial Valley. At the age of 16, Guerrero worked at a grocery store. Guerrero graduated from the University of California, Berkeley in 1994. She earned a Juris Doctor from Stanford Law School in 1997. Career Guerrero performed pro bono work as a member of the Immigration Justice Project advisory board. From 2002 to 2003, Guerrero served as an assistant U.S. attorney in the Southern District of California. She joined the law firm of Latham & Watkins as an associate and was promoted to partner in 2006. Judicial service In 2013, Guerrero became a judge on the San Diego County Superior Court and served as the supervising judge for its family law division in 2017. Later in 2017, she became an appellate justice on the Court of Appeal for the Fourth District, Division One, the state intermediate appellate court with jurisdiction over appeals from San Diego and Imperial counties. In February 2022, Guerrero was nominated by Governor Gavin Newsom to replace Associate Justice Mariano-Florentino Cuéllar on the Supreme Court of California. Guerrero was approved by a 3-0 vote of the Commission on Judicial Appointments on March 22, 2022 and is the first Latina to serve on the Supreme Court of California. On August 10, 2022, Governor Newsom nominated Guerrero to serve as the Chief Justice of California. On August 26, she was confirmed by the Commission on Judicial Appointments. , following the 2022 election, she was retained by California voters to be elevated as the chief justice with 70% of an affirmative vote. She was sworn in as chief justice on January 2, 2023. References \|- Living people 21st-century American women lawyers 21st-century American lawyers 21st-century American women judges 21st-century American judges American judges of Mexican descent American lawyers of Mexican descent Assistant United States Attorneys California Democrats California state court judges Chief Justices of California Judges of the California Courts of Appeal Justices of the Supreme Court of California People associated with Latham & Watkins Stanford Law School alumni Superior court judges in the United States University of California, Berkeley alumni Women chief justices of state supreme courts in the United States 1971 births", "title": "Patricia Guerrero" }, { "docid": "36441771", "text": "The Judiciary of American Samoa is defined under the Constitution of American Samoa and the American Samoa Code. It consists of the High Court of American Samoa, a District Court, and village courts, all under the administration and supervision of the Chief Justice. The High Court and District Court are both located in Fagatogo. The Chief Justice and the Associate Justice of the High Court are appointed by the United States Secretary of the Interior. Associate judges of the High Court, who may also serve in the village courts, and judges of the District Court are appointed by the Governor of American Samoa upon the recommendation of the Chief Justice and confirmed by the Senate. American Samoa does not have a federal court like the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, or the United States Virgin Islands. In general, under federal law, cases involving a federal crime committed outside of a judicial district are heard in the district in which the defendant is arrested or first brought to; or otherwise in the judicial district of the defendant’s last known residence; or if no such residence is known, in the District Court for the District of Columbia. Prior to a 2001 case, most such cases were brought to the District Court for the District of Columbia, but afterwards many cases were instead heard in the District Court for the District of Hawaii on the basis that this is where the defendant was \"first brought\". Courts High Court The High Court consists of three divisions: trial, land and titles, and appellate. The trial division is empowered to hear, among other things, felony cases and civil cases in which the amount in controversy exceeds $15,000 and are not related to land or matai titles. Its sessions are held before one justice and one or two associate judges. The land and titles division hears matters related to land and matai titles. Sessions regarding land are held before one justice and one or two associate judges, while sessions regarding matai titles are held before one justice and three or four associate judges. The appellate division hears appeals from the other divisions, from the District Court or of administrative decisions. Its sessions are held before two or three justices (including Acting Associate Justices appointed by the Secretary of the Interior) and one or two associate judges. District Court The District Court hears matters such as misdemeanor offenses, civil cases in which the matter in controversy does not exceed $15,000 and are not related to land or matai titles, traffic cases not involving a felony, and adoptions. Its sessions are conducted by only one judge. Village courts Each village has a court consisting of an associate judge of the High Court, who may serve in multiple villages. Each village court can only hear matters regarding its village regulations. Officers Judges The Chief Justice and the Associate Justice of the High Court are appointed by the United States Secretary of the Interior and are required to be trained in the", "title": "Judiciary of American Samoa" }, { "docid": "18677188", "text": "The chief justice of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka is the head of the judiciary of Sri Lanka and the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka. Established in 1801, the chief justice is one of ten Supreme Court justices; the other nine are the puisne justices of the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka. The post was created in 1801. The chief justice is nominated by the Constitutional Council, and appointed by the president. The first chief justice was Codrington Edmund Carrington. The 47th and current chief justice is Jayantha Jayasuriya. History The office of chief justice traces its origins back with the founding the Royal Charter of Justice of 1801 (now this provision is as set out in the Constitution of Sri Lanka) by the United Kingdom. With the establishment of the Supreme Court, it was to consist of one principal judge who shall be called \"The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Judicature in the Island of Ceylon\" and one other judge, who was to be called \"The Puisne Justice of the Supreme Court of Judicature in the Island of Ceylon\". The charter required the chief justice and puisne justice to have not less than five years of experience as barristers, in England or Ireland to be named and appointed. The post was first held by Codrington Edmund Carrington. Controversy of 2013–2015 The chief justice Mohan Peiris PC was appointed on 15 January 2013 following the controversial impeachment of Shirani Bandaranayake. Peiris was elevated by President Mahinda Rajapaksa with the approval of the Parliamentary Council. Peiris' appointment drew some criticism. Peiris was considered to be an ally of President Rajapaksa, and his appointment was seen by critics as further consolidation of power by the president and his family. Prior to his appointment he was Chairman of Seylan Bank, Senior Legal Officer to the Cabinet and held the post of attorney general. Peiris was officially inaugurated as chief justice at a ceremony in the Supreme Court on 23 January 2013. On 28 January 2015 Peiris was removed from office and his tenure demoted as de facto chief justice as the Government of Sri Lanka acknowledged that his appointment was void at its inception as the sitting judge, Shirani Bandaranayake, was not impeached lawfully and therefore no vacancy existed for the post. Appointment Appointment The appointment and removal of judges of the Supreme Court is outlined in Chapter XV Article 107 of the Sri Lankan Constitution. It states that \"the Chief Justice and every other Judge of the Supreme Court shall be appointed by the President of the Republic by warrant under his hand\". Judges of the Supreme Court shall hold office until the age of retirement of sixty-five years. Article 109 describes appointments of an acting chief justice or Judge of the Supreme Court. The president shall appoint another judge of the Supreme Court to act in the office of chief justice when the incumbent is \"temporarily unable to exercise, perform and discharge the powers, duties and functions", "title": "Chief Justice of Sri Lanka" }, { "docid": "56454471", "text": "The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest ranking judicial body in the United States. Established by Article III of the Constitution, the detailed structure of the court was laid down by the 1st United States Congress in 1789. Congress specified the Court's original and appellate jurisdiction, created 13 judicial districts, and fixed the initial size of the Supreme Court. The number of justices on the Supreme Court was changed six times before settling at the present total of nine in 1869. A total of 115 persons have served on the Supreme Court since 1789. Justices have life tenure, and so they serve until they die in office, resign or retire, or are impeached and removed from office. The graphical timeline below lists the justices of the Supreme Court of the United States by court composition. As Supreme Court historians categorize eras in the court's history by the name of the presiding chief justice, the timeline is divided into sections, according to who was chief justice at the time. The incumbent associate justices at the start of each court era are listed in order of their seniority at that time. Justices joining the court during an era are listed below them in the order of their appointment. The bars are color-coded to show the changes in seniority among the justices during each era. List of justices Jay Court The Jay Court era, under the leadership of John Jay, lasted from February 2, 1790, when the court held its inaugural session, to June 29, 1795. The Judiciary Act of 1789 set the number of Supreme Court justices at six: one chief justice and five associate justices. Eight justices served during this court. Rutledge Court The Rutledge Court era, under the leadership of John Rutledge, lasted from August 12, 1795, when Rutledge received a recess appointment from President Washington to serve as chief justice, through 1795, following the U.S. Senate's rejection of his nomination to a lifetime appointment to the chief justice position. Rutledge had previously served on the Court from 1790 to 1791 as an associate justice. Six justices served during this court. Ellsworth Court The Ellsworth Court era, under the leadership of Oliver Ellsworth, lasted from March 8, 1796 to December 15, 1800. Eight justices served during this court. Marshall Court The Marshall Court era lasted from February 4, 1801 to July 6, 1835. In 1807, Congress passed the Seventh Circuit Act, which added a sixth associate justice to the Supreme Court; 16 justices served during this court. Taney Court The Taney Court era, under the leadership of Roger Taney, lasted from March 28, 1836 to October 12, 1864. Two associate justice seats were added to the court in 1837, as a result of the Eighth and Ninth Circuits Act; another one was added in 1863, by the Tenth Circuit Act, enlarging the court to 10 justices; 20 justices served during this court. Chase Court The Chase Court era, under the leadership of Salmon P. Chase. lasted from", "title": "List of justices of the Supreme Court of the United States by court composition" }, { "docid": "1097811", "text": "Puisne judge and puisne justice () are terms for an ordinary judge or a judge of lesser rank of a particular court. The term comes from a combination of the two French words, , \"since, later\" + , and \"born\", which have been combined as or ; meaning \"junior\". Use The term is used almost exclusively in common law jurisdictions: the jurisdiction of England and Wales within the United Kingdom; Australia, including its states and territories; Canada, including its provinces and territories; India, including its states and territories; Pakistan, its provinces, and Azad Kashmir; the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar; Kenya; Sri Lanka; South Africa in rural provinces and Hong Kong. In Australia, the most senior judge after a chief justice in superior state courts is referred to as the \"senior puisne judge\". Use is rare outside of, usually internal, court (judicial) procedural decisions as to which will sit or has sat in hearings or appeals. The term is dated in detailed, academic case law analyses and, to varying degree direct applicability in higher courts. The term excludes the court's chief /; any seniormost judges, often specialists or a managerial head, sitting ex officio (by virtue of their office) as such in the court for which they have duties below; and any technically junior judges who may have been called to serve in a higher court, whom law reports and transcripts customarily specify as \"sitting in\" a judicial panel of a higher court or \"sitting as\" a judge of that court. By jurisdiction Bermuda In Bermuda, the Supreme Court comprises the Chief Justice and a number of puisne judges. As of January 2020, there are three puisne judges, with a vacancy for a fourth. New puisne judges are appointed by the Governor following a consultation with the Chief Justice. Canada In Canada judges other than the chief justice of a court are referred to as puisne judges. Fiji Gibraltar In Gibraltar, puisne judges, of which there must be at least one, are responsible for family law proceedings in the Supreme Court. Jamaica In Jamaica, the Supreme Court comprises the Chief Justice, and between 25 and 41 puisne judges, one of whom is designated the Senior Puisne Judge. Mauritius In Mauritius, the Supreme Court comprises the Chief Justice, the Senior Puisne Judge, and 20 other puisne judges. United Kingdom England and Wales In England and Wales, judges of the High Court are referred to as puisne judges, unless the judge in question holds a specific title, such as Lord Chief Justice. Puisne judges must have at least seven years' experience as a barrister, or at least two years' experience as a circuit judge. The maximum number of puisne judges permitted in England and Wales at any one time is the full-time equivalent of 108. Puisne judges are styled as The Honourable Mr/Mrs/Ms Justice [surname]. Northern Ireland In Northern Ireland, judges of the High Court are referred to as puisne judges, with the exception of the Lord Chief Justice. The maximum number", "title": "Puisne judge" }, { "docid": "3004", "text": "An associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States is a justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, other than the chief justice of the United States. The number of associate justices is eight, as set by the Judiciary Act of 1869. Article II, Section 2, Clause 2 of the Constitution of the United States grants plenary power to the president to nominate, and with the advice and consent (confirmation) of the Senate, appoint justices to the Supreme Court. Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution effectively grants life tenure to associate justices, and all other federal judges, which ends only when a justice dies, retires, resigns, or is impeached and convicted. Each Supreme Court justice has a single vote in deciding the cases argued before it, and the chief justice's vote counts no more than that of any other justice; however, the chief justice leads the discussion of the case among the justices. Furthermore, the chief justice—when in the majority—decides who writes the court's opinion; otherwise, the senior justice in the majority assigns the writing of a decision. The chief justice also has certain administrative responsibilities that the other justices do not and is paid slightly more ($298,500 per year as of 2023, compared to $285,400 per year for an associate justice). Associate justices have seniority in order of the date their respective commissions bear, although the chief justice is always considered to be the most senior justice. If two justices are commissioned on the same day, the elder is designated the senior justice of the two. Currently, the senior associate justice is Clarence Thomas. By tradition, when the justices are in conference deliberating the outcome of cases before the Supreme Court, the justices state their views in order of seniority. The senior associate justice is also tasked with carrying out the chief justice's duties when he is unable to, or if that office is vacant. Current associate justices There are currently eight associate justices on the Supreme Court. The justices, ordered by seniority, are: Retired associate justices An associate justice who leaves the Supreme Court after attaining the age and meeting the service requirements prescribed by federal statute () may retire rather than resign. After retirement, they keep their title, and by custom may also keep a set of chambers in the Supreme Court building, and employ law clerks. The names of retired associate justices continue to appear alongside those of the active justices in the bound volumes of Supreme Court decisions. Federal statute () provides that retired Supreme Court justices may serve—if designated and assigned by the chief justice—on panels of the U.S. courts of appeals, or on the U.S. district courts. Retired justices are not, however, authorized to take part in the consideration or decision of any cases before the Supreme Court (unlike other retired federal judges who may be permitted to do so in their former courts); neither are they known or designated as a \"senior judge\". When, after his retirement,", "title": "Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States" }, { "docid": "55475553", "text": "Kate M. Fox (born 1955) is an American lawyer who has served as the chief justice of the Wyoming Supreme Court since 2021. Fox moved to Wyoming when she was 16, after her family bought a ranch near Dubois. She completed a Bachelor of Arts degree at the University of Wyoming in 1976, and a Juris Doctor at the University of Wyoming College of Law in 1989. She was editor-in-chief of the Land & Water Law Review. Fox clerked for federal judge Clarence Addison Brimmer Jr., of the United States District Court for the District of Wyoming, in 1989–90. Fox was in private practice from 1990 to 2013 with the law firm Davis & Cannon in Cheyenne, Wyoming. She specialized in employment law and natural resources law. Fox also served for five years on the Wyoming State Bar Board of Professional Responsibility, and on the Standing Committee on Local Rules for the U.S. District Court for Wyoming. In August 2013, Justice Barton R. Voigt announced his retirement. The Wyoming Judicial nominating commission submitted the names of three possible replacements to the Governor Matt Mead. Fox was one of the candidates, along with attorneys Patrick R. Day and Robert Tiedeken. Governor Matt Mead announced on November 21, 2013, that he had selected Fox for the vacancy. She is the second woman appointed to the Wyoming Supreme Court, after Marylin S. Kite. Fox began her service on the court in January 2014. Fox won a retention election in 2016, with 76 per cent of the vote, to complete the remaining two years of Justice Voigt's term. She was re-elected to a new eight-year term in November 2018. On July 1, 2021, Fox became Chief Justice after Michael K. Davis's term as Chief Justice ended. She is the second woman Chief Justice in Wyoming history. References \|- 1955 births Living people 20th-century American women lawyers 20th-century American lawyers 21st-century American judges 21st-century American women lawyers 21st-century American lawyers 21st-century American women judges Chief Justices of the Wyoming Supreme Court Justices of the Wyoming Supreme Court People from Dubois, Wyoming University of Wyoming alumni Women chief justices of state supreme courts in the United States", "title": "Kate M. Fox" }, { "docid": "8079689", "text": "Cynthia Dinah Kinser (born December 20, 1951) is an American lawyer who served as the chief justice of the Supreme Court of Virginia. Kinser was elected by the Virginia General Assembly to her first 12-year term to the Virginia Supreme Court in 1998, after being appointed by Governor George Allen to fill a 1997 vacancy. Kinser was elected to a second 12-year term during the 2010 session of the General Assembly. She became Chief Justice of the Virginia Supreme Court on February 1, 2011. She is the first woman to hold the office of Chief Justice on the Court. Biography Kinser received a Bachelor of Arts degree with honors from the University of Tennessee in 1974, and a Juris Doctor from the University of Virginia School of Law in 1977. Prior to being appointed to the Supreme Court by Governor George Felix Allen, Kinser served as law clerk Judge Glen Morgan Williams of the United States District Court for the Western District of Virginia from 1977 to 1978. She then entered lawyer private practice from 1978 to 1979 and served as Commonwealth's Attorney for Lee County, Virginia from 1980 to 1984. She returned to private practice from 1984 to 1990. She served as a U.S. magistrate judge of the Western District of Virginia from 1990 to 1997. On May 2, 1997, Governor George Allen appointed Kisner to the Virginia Supreme Court to fill the vacancy left by the retirement of Justice Roscoe B. Stephenson Jr. She began active service on July 8, 1997. She was elected by the General Assembly to a 12-year term commencing on February 1, 1998. She became chief justice of the Virginia Supreme Court on February 1, 2011, succeeding Chief Justice Leroy R. Hassell Sr. Kinser retired from the Supreme Court at the end of 2014. On May 5, 2015, Kinser began a position as senior counsel with the Roanoke-based law firm Gentry Locke Rakes & Moore, LLP. At Gentry Locke, Kinser will focus on appeals, criminal matters, and government investigations. See also List of female state supreme court justices References 1951 births Living people 20th-century American women judges 20th-century American judges 21st-century American women judges 21st-century American judges Chief Justices of the Supreme Court of Virginia County and city Commonwealth's Attorneys in Virginia Justices of the Supreme Court of Virginia People from Pennington Gap, Virginia United States magistrate judges University of Tennessee alumni University of Virginia School of Law alumni Virginia state court judges Women chief justices of state supreme courts in the United States Women in Virginia politics", "title": "Cynthia D. Kinser" }, { "docid": "1222296", "text": "Joseph Coerten Hornblower (May 7, 1777 – June 11, 1864) was an American lawyer and jurist from Belleville, New Jersey. He was the chief justice of the New Jersey Supreme Court. Early life and education Hornblower was born on May 7, 1777, in Belleville, New Jersey, and lived there for his entire life. His parents were Josiah and Elizabeth (née Kingsland) Hornblower. Josiah Hornblower was a prominent engineer and mine operator who served in the Continental Congress. As a child, Joseph's health was poor, so he was educated at home. He had a \"stroke of paralysis\" at the age of 16 that affected his memory. But he read for the law with an attorney in Newark and was admitted to the bar in 1803. Later in his life, the Princeton Law School conferred him with an honorary degree of Legum Doctor on September 30, 1841. Career Law and political career He became a prominent lawyer and politically active as a member of the Democratic-Republican Party. However, this was the Era of Good Feelings, and party politics were minimal. When Hornblower was a Presidential elector for James Monroe in 1820, there was only one vote for any other candidate. He also supported other civic and religious activities. In 1816 he was one of the founders of the American Bible Society. In 1845 he aided in establishing the New Jersey Historical Society and served as its president from then until his death in 1864. Chief Justice In November 1832, Hornblower was named to the state's Supreme Court as its chief justice. He was re-elected in 1839 and served until 1846. When New Jersey rewrote the state's Constitution in 1844, he was an active member of the convention. In 1836, Chief Justice Hornblower wrote an unpublished opinion in New Jersey vs. Sheriff of Burlington that was later used to argue a legal precedent against the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850. He allowed the accused Alexander Helmsley who was being held as a fugitive slave to be released. He argued the state law that the accused was being held under was unconstitutional given the New Jersey state constitution. Later career When he stepped down from the bench, he became a professor of law at Princeton Law School in 1846 and returned to his interest in political activity. Hornblower's political interests became directed toward the nascent Republican Party. He was chairman of the New Jersey delegation and one of the vice-presidents of the 1856 Republican National Convention that nominated John C. Fremont for U.S. President. Personal life Hornblower had eight children, including: William Henry Hornblower – Presbyterian minister who was the father of United States Supreme Court nominee William B. Hornblower Emily – wife of Colonel Alexander McWhorter Cumming, a long-serving Mayor of Princeton, New Jersey Mary – wife of Joseph P. Bradley, Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court He was friends with Chief Justice John Jay. Death Hornblower died at home in Belleville, New Jersey on June 11, 1864. References Chief Justices", "title": "Joseph Coerten Hornblower" }, { "docid": "356029", "text": "An associate justice or associate judge (or simply associate) is a judicial panel member who is not the chief justice in some jurisdictions. The title \"Associate Justice\" is used for members of the Supreme Court of the United States and some state supreme courts, and for some other courts in Commonwealth of Nations countries, as well as for members of the Supreme Court of the Federated States of Micronesia, a former United States Trust Territory. In other common law jurisdictions, the equivalent position is called \"Puisne Justice\". Commonwealth The function of associate justices vary depending on the Court they preside in. In the Australian state of New South Wales, associate justices of the New South Wales Supreme Court hear civil trials and appeals from lower courts amongst other matters. Associate justices can sit either as a single judge or may sit on the New South Wales Court of Appeal. In New Zealand, associate judges of the High Court of New Zealand supervise preliminary processes in most civil proceedings. associate judges have jurisdiction to deal with such matters as: summary judgment applications, company liquidations, bankruptcy proceedings, and some other types of civil proceedings. In the New Zealand legal system, associate judges were formerly known as masters. Micronesia Under the Constitution of Micronesia, the Supreme Court \"consists of the Chief Justice and not more than 5 associate justices\". However, as of October 2020 there are only two associate justices in office: Beauleen Carl-Worswick and Larry Wentworth. United States In the United States, judicial panels are non-hierarchical, so an associate judge has the same responsibilities with respect to cases as the chief judge but usually has fewer or different administrative responsibilities than the chief. Supreme Court Under the Judiciary Act of 1869, there are eight Associate Justices on the Supreme Court. The most junior associate justice (currently Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson) has additional responsibilities to the other associate justices: taking notes of decisions and answering the door in private conference and serving on the Supreme Court's cafeteria committee. See also Puisne judge References Judges", "title": "Associate justice" }, { "docid": "39291037", "text": "This is a partial list of those who attended Albany Law School. Alumni are categorized by each alumnus or alumna's most distinguishing accomplishments. Academics Alicia Ouellette, professor at Albany Law School Russell Conwell, founder and first President of Temple University James A. MacAlister, former president of Drexel University Patricia Salkin, Dean and Professor of Law, Touro College Jacob D. Fuchsberg Law Center Judges Orion M. Barber, Judge of the United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals Francis Bergan, former associate Judge, New York State Court of Appeals David Josiah Brewer, former Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court John B. Cassoday, former Chief Justice of the Wisconsin Supreme Court Amaro Cavalcanti, former Justice of the Supreme Court of Brazil, former Justice of the International Court of Justice at the Hague, former Mayor of Rio de Janeiro, author of Brazilian Constitution of 1891 Lawrence H. Cooke, former Chief Judge of New York State Richard J. Daronco, former United States Judge for the Southern District of New York Richard K. Eaton, Judge, U.S. Court of International Trade Michael J. Garcia, associate Judge, New York Court of Appeals, former U.S. Attorney, Southern District of New York Domenick L. Gabrielli, associate Judge, New York Court of Appeals James Gibson, former associate Judge, New York State Court of Appeals Victoria A. Graffeo, former associate Judge, New York State Court of Appeals Warner A. Graham, Associate Justice of the Vermont Supreme Court James Stuart Holden, Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Vermont Robert H. Jackson, former U.S. Attorney General, Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court and chief United States prosecutor at the Nuremberg Trials. John Franklin Kinney, County Court Judge, founding member of the Knights of Columbus and City of Rochester Bar Association. Moses A. Luce, Judge of the County Court of San Diego, Medal of Honor recipient James Loren Martin, Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Vermont Thomas James McAvoy, Senior United States Judge for the Northern District of New York David Myers, Justice of the Indiana Supreme Court Alton B. Parker, former Chief Judge of New York State; Candidate for President of the United States Percival L. Shangraw, Associate Justice of the Vermont Supreme Court (1958-1972), Chief Justice (1972-1974) Charles J. Siragusa, Judge in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of New York Milford K. Smith, Associate Justice of the Vermont Supreme Court Leslie Stein, associate Judge, New York Court of Appeals Owen P. Thompson, former judge of the Seventh Judicial District of Illinois Bartlett Tripp, former Chief Justice of the Dakota Territory, former United States Ambassador to Austria Irving G. Vann, former associate Judge, New York State Court of Appeals Wheelock G. Veazey, Vermont Supreme Court Justice, Interstate Commerce Commission member, Medal of Honor recipient Politicians Warren M. Anderson, New York State Senate Majority Leader John Mosher Bailey, former U.S. Congressman Brian Barnwell, New York State Assembly James K. Batchelder, Speaker of the Vermont House of Representatives William Beidelman,", "title": "List of Albany Law School alumni" }, { "docid": "71298704", "text": "Justice (abbreviation: [name], J. and other variations) is an honorific style and title traditionally used to describe a jurist who is currently serving or has served on a supreme court or some equal position. In some countries, a justice may have had prior experience as a judge or may have been appointed with no prior judicial experience. It is predominantly used today in the United States to distinguish those who serve on the Supreme Court of the United States from judges who serve on a lower court. Other countries, such as New Zealand and India, similarly use the title as a form of address for members of their highest courts. Etymology The title of justice is derived from the Latin root jus (sometimes spelled ius) meaning something which is associated with law or is described as just. It is different from the word judge in that different suffixes were added to form both words, and that the usage of the term justice predates that of judge. It first appeared in the year 1137, within the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, nearly 200 years before the first appearance of the judge. The term justice developed over time to incorporate a meaning different from that of a judge with the difference continuing after the period of Middle English. The earliest record using the word justice to describe an official appears in La Vie de Saint Thomas Becket, a French biography of Saint Thomas of Canterbury written in 1172. Its usage of the word justice referred to a judge in the service of the King of France. These early justices were members of French high society and were primarily administrators rather than those with formal training in legal affairs. Usage United States The United States Supreme Court consists of eight associate justices, headed by one chief justice. Each is titled justice whereas judges on the district courts and courts of appeals are called judges. Though those appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court are usually lawyers, there is no requirement to be a judge or to have any prior experience serving in a lower court. A current example of this is Justice Elena Kagan, who served as a U.S. Solicitor General and was the Dean of Harvard Law School prior to her appointment in 2010. Within state courts, those who serve on the highest appellate court are likewise called justices, whereas those who serve on lower courts are judges. In most states, they are legally designated as justices, rather than as judges, with the only exception being Texas, where the title is divided between a civil and criminal court. Judges on a state's lower courts are also legally designated, with the exception being only a few states. See also Chief justice Associate justice Justice of the peace Supreme Court of the United States Chief Justice of the Common Pleas References Sources Judges Titles", "title": "Justice (title)" }, { "docid": "12649191", "text": "The Conference of Chief Justices (CCJ) was created in 1949 after the need for an organization composed of the states' and territories' top jurists was amply discussed at the American Bar Association and other juridical organizations. The first meeting, organized by the Council of State Governments and funded by private foundations, and held in St. Louis, Missouri, was held at the behest of New Jersey Chief Justice Arthur T. Vanderbilt, Nebraska Chief Justice Robert G. Simmons and Missouri Chief Justice Laurance M. Hyde, who was elected as the first chairman by the representatives of the 44 states in attendance. Thirty-two states were represented by their Chief Justices and 12 by Associate Justices empowered by their Chiefs. Four of the 48 states were not represented. At the present time, the CCJ includes all 50 states, the District of Columbia and the nation's five territories, the United States Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa and the Northern Marianas Islands. It is headed by a board composed of its four officers, the immediate past president, five elected members and one member designated by the president-elect. While the Council of State Governments served as CCJ's secretariat for many years, since 1976 that role is carried out by the National Center for State Courts. CCJ's president, however, continues serving as a member of CSG's Governing Board. The Conference has studied and issued policy statements on matters pertaining to the state judiciary, including habeas corpus, federal funding for state courts, the State Justice Institute, judicial immunity, court backlogs, cameras in the courtroom and child support enforcement. Sources http://ccj.ncsc.dni.us Nonpartisan organizations in the United States Chief Justices Legal organizations based in the United States", "title": "Conference of Chief Justices" }, { "docid": "6489308", "text": "A chief judge (also known as presiding judge, president judge or principal judge) is the highest-ranking or most senior member of a lower court or circuit court with more than one judge. According to the Federal judiciary of the United States, the chief judge has primary responsibility for the administration of the court. Chief judges are determined by seniority. The chief judge commonly presides over trials and hearings. In the Supreme Court of the United States the highest-ranking member is the Chief Justice of the United States. Federal United States courts of appeals In the United States courts of appeals, the chief judge has certain administrative responsibilities and presides over en banc sessions of the court and meetings of the Judicial Council. The chief judge remains an active judge of the court hearing and deciding cases, but at their option may elect to take on a reduced caseload to provide time to perform administrative responsibilities. In order to qualify for the office of chief judge, a judge must have been in active service on the court for at least one year, be under the age of 65, and have not previously served as chief judge. A vacancy in the office of chief judge is filled by the judge highest in seniority among the group of qualified judges. The chief judge serves for a term of seven years or until age 70, whichever occurs first. The age restrictions are waived if no members of the court would otherwise be qualified for the position. Unlike the Chief Justice of the United States, a chief judge stays in active service after the expiration of their term and does not create a vacancy on the bench by the fact of their promotion. See . These rules have applied since October 1, 1982. The office of chief judge was created effective September 1, 1948, replacing what had been known as the \"Chief Justice\" of the District of Columbia Circuit and the \"Senior Circuit Court Judge\" on the other circuits. Until August 6, 1959, it was filled by the longest-serving judge who had not elected to retire on what has since 1958 been known as senior status or declined to serve as chief judge. From then until October 1, 1982, it was filled by the senior such judge who had not turned 70. Lists of the judges who have served as chief judge of each of the courts of appeals can be found in the articles for the respective circuits, such as United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit. United States district courts In United States district courts with at least two judges, the chief judge has certain administrative responsibilities, including presiding over some meetings of the judges. The chief judge remains an active judge of the court hearing and deciding cases, but may take on a reduced caseload to perform administrative tasks. The qualifications for chief judge and the selection process are essentially the same for the district courts and for the courts", "title": "Chief judge (United States)" }, { "docid": "3614375", "text": "A total of 116 people have served on the Supreme Court of the United States, the highest judicial body in the United States, since it was established in 1789. Supreme Court justices have life tenure, meaning that they serve until they die, resign, retire, or are impeached and removed from office. For the 107 non-incumbent justices, the average length of service was 6,203 days (16 years, 359 days). The longest serving justice was William O. Douglas, with a tenure of 13,358 days (). The longest serving chief justice was John Marshall, with a tenure of 12,570 days (). John Rutledge, who served on the court twice, was both the shortest serving associate justice, with a tenure of 383 days (), and the shortest serving chief justice, with a tenure of 138 days (). Among the current members of the court, Clarence Thomas's tenure of days () is the longest, while Ketanji Brown Jackson's days () is the shortest. The table below ranks all United States Supreme Court justices by time in office. For five individuals confirmed for associate justice, and who later served as chief justice—Charles Evans Hughes, William Rehnquist, John Rutledge, Harlan F. Stone, and Edward Douglass White—their cumulative length of service on the court is measured. The basis of the ranking is the difference between dates; if counted by number of calendar days all the figures would be one greater, with the exception of Charles Evans Hughes and John Rutledge, who would receive two days, as each served on the court twice (their service as associate justice and as chief justice was separated by a period of years off the court). The start date given for each justice is the day they took the prescribed oath of office, with the end date being the date of the justice's death, resignation, or retirement. A highlighted row indicates a justice currently serving on the court. Justices by time in office Notes See also List of United States federal judges by longevity of service References United States, Supreme Court, Justices Time in office", "title": "List of United States Supreme Court justices by time in office" }, { "docid": "3951896", "text": "The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest ranking judicial body in the United States. Established by Article III of the Constitution, the Court was organized by the 1st United States Congress through the Judiciary Act of 1789, which specified its original and appellate jurisdiction, created 13 judicial districts, and fixed the size of the Supreme Court at six, with one chief justice and five associate justices. During the 19th century, Congress changed the size of the Court on seven occasions, concluding with the Judiciary Act of 1869 which stipulates that the Court consists of the chief justice and eight associate justices. Article II, Section 2, Clause 2 of the Constitution grants plenary power to the president of the United States to nominate, and with the advice and consent (confirmation) of the United States Senate, appoint justices to the Supreme Court. Nominations to the Supreme Court are considered to be official when the Senate receives a signed nomination letter from the president naming the nominee, which is then entered in the Senate's record. Since 1789, there have been 165 formal nominations (of 146 persons) to the Supreme Court; 128 of them (123 persons) have been confirmed. The most recent nomination to be confirmed was that of Ketanji Brown Jackson in 2022. Of the 37 that were unsuccessful, 11 nominees were rejected in Senate roll-call votes, 12 were withdrawn by the president, and 14 lapsed at the end of a session of Congress. Six of these unsuccessful nominees were subsequently nominated and confirmed to other seats on the Court. Additionally, although confirmed, seven nominees either declined office or (in one instance) died before assuming office. An important role in this process is played by the Senate Judiciary Committee, which conducts a comprehensive evaluation of a nominee's background and qualifications before the Senate considers the nomination. Once confirmed to a seat on the Court, justices have life tenure, and so they serve until they die in office, resign or retire, or are impeached and removed from office. Even so, as it requires a separate presidential appointment, an incumbent associate justice who is nominated to be chief justice must undergo the confirmation process again. On rare occasions, presidents have made Supreme Court appointments without the Senate's consent, when the Senate is in recess. Such \"recess appointments\", however, are temporary, expiring at the end of the Senate's next session. Presidents have made recess appointments on 12 occasions, most recently in 1958. Every recess appointed justice was later nominated to the same position, and all but one—John Rutledge in 1795 to be chief justice—was confirmed by the Senate. The 1795 Rutledge nomination was the first Supreme Court nomination to be rejected by the Senate; the most recent nomination to be voted down was that of Robert Bork in 1987. George Washington holds the record for most Supreme Court nominations, with 14 nominations (12 of which were confirmed). Four presidents—William Henry Harrison, Zachary Taylor, Andrew Johnson, and Jimmy Carter—did not make any nominations, as", "title": "List of nominations to the Supreme Court of the United States" } ]	[ "John Roberts" ]
train_21991	who will won the icc champions trophy 2017	[ { "docid": "50694067", "text": "The final of the 2017 ICC Champions Trophy was played on 18 June 2017 between Pakistan and India at The Oval in London, to determine the winner of the eighth edition of the ICC Champions Trophy. Pakistan qualified for the final by defeating the hosts England convincingly by 8 wickets in the first semi-final at Cardiff in Wales on 14 June, and reached their maiden Champions Trophy final. India, the defending champions, came into the final by defeating Bangladesh with ease by 9 wickets in the second semi-final at Birmingham on 15 June, to reach their fourth Champions Trophy final, a record. Pakistan won by 180 runs, which was the largest margin of victory in the final of an ICC ODI tournament. Pakistan, who were underdogs entering as the lowest-ranked team in the competition, became the seventh nation to win the Champions Trophy, and it was their first ICC ODI tournament title since the 1992 World Cup, as well as their latest ICC title in any format since the 2009 World Twenty20. Fakhar Zaman of Pakistan received the Man of the Match award for scoring 114. Shikhar Dhawan of India received the Golden Bat award for scoring 338 runs in the tournament while Hasan Ali of Pakistan received the Golden Ball award for taking 13 wickets; he was also adjudged the Man of the Series. The match is estimated to have been watched by 400 million viewers, becoming the third most-watched game in cricketing history. Background Pakistan and India share a historical rivalry in cricket. Prior to this match, the two sides had played 128 times against each other in ODIs, where Pakistan won 72 matches, India won 52 matches and four matches ended with no result. While Pakistan have had the upper hand bilaterally, India enjoyed an edge in global ICC tournaments where they won 13 times against Pakistan, and Pakistan won twice against India. The two sides met only twice before in the finals of global tournaments: the non-ICC World Championship of Cricket Final in 1985 and the 2007 ICC World Twenty20 Final, both won by India. Prior to this match, the teams had met four times in the Champions Trophy and had two victories each. Pakistan's last win was in 2009; since then, India won seven games against Pakistan across all ICC tournaments consecutively although India lost the home series in 2012 Their most recent clash was on 4 June 2017, during the group stages of the ongoing Champions Trophy where India won by 124 runs (D/L method). Much of the pre-match analysis envisioned a strong contest between India's batting lineup and Pakistan's bowling side, both of which were considered the strengths of their respective teams and remained formidable in this tournament. Road to the final Pakistan Ranked eighth in the ICC ODI Championship at the start of the tournament, Pakistan started poorly, before improving progressively in each game. They lost to India in the first game by 124 runs in a sloppy display, but then defeated", "title": "2017 ICC Champions Trophy final" }, { "docid": "52380686", "text": "The 2017 English cricket season was the 118th in which the County Championship had been an official competition. The season, which began on 28 March and ended on 29 September, featured two global one-day competitions played in England and Wales, the 2017 ICC Champions Trophy and the 2017 Women's Cricket World Cup. England Women's team won the World Cup, defeating India in the final at Lord's. Pakistan beat India in the Champions Trophy final. The season included men's international tours of England by South Africa and West Indies. England played four Test matches against South Africa and three against West Indies. Both teams also played One Day International (ODI) and Twenty20 International (T20I) series against England, whilst Ireland played a two ODI series against England. The season also saw the first-class counties compete in the 2017 County Championship, 2017 Royal London One-Day Cup and 2017 NatWest t20 Blast competitions. Essex won the County Championship, and Nottinghamshire won both limited overs competitions. Lancashire Women won both the Women's County Championship and the Women's Twenty20 Cup. In the second season of the Women's Cricket Super League, the title was won by Western Storm, who defeated Southern Vipers in the final. The Minor Counties competed for the 2017 Minor Counties Championship and MCCA Knockout Trophy, both of which were won by Berkshire. Club and recreational cricket was played throughout both countries. Champions Trophy The 2017 ICC Champions Trophy was held in England and Wales in June. Eight international men's teams competed in the tournament, which was won by Pakistan who defeated India in the final at The Oval. Group stage matches were played at The Oval, Edgbaston and at Sophia Gardens in Cardiff. Women's World Cup The 2017 Women's Cricket World Cup was held in England in June and July. Eight international women's teams competed in the tournament on a round-robin basis. The top four teams after the round-robin stage qualified for semi-finals with the two winners reaching the final. England beat India in the final which was held at Lord's, and was a sell-out. International tours Three international men's sides toured England during the season: Ireland, South Africa and West Indies. The Irish tour was a two ODI series, whilst the other tours all featured Test cricket as well as ODI and T20I matches. There were no women's tours to England during the season. Ireland tour The Irish team played two ODIs against England in early May in advance of the Champions Trophy. England won both matches. South Africa tour The tour by South Africa included matches played either side of the Champions Trophy. In late May, immediately before the start of the Champions Trophy, a three match ODI series was played, with England winning the series 2–1. After the tournament a three-match T20I series was played, England again winning 2–1. The four match Test series between the two teams took place between the beginning of July and early August. England won the series 3–1. West Indies tour The West Indies toured", "title": "2017 English cricket season" }, { "docid": "69284270", "text": "The 2025 ICC Champions Trophy will be the ninth edition of the ICC Champions Trophy, a cricket tournament for the eight top-ranked One Day International (ODI) men's national teams organised by the International Cricket Council (ICC). It will be hosted by Pakistan in February and March 2025. Pakistan are the defending champions having won the previous edition in 2017. Background In 2016, the ICC cancelled future editions of the Champions Trophy after the 2017 tournament, aiming to have only one major tournament in each format of international cricket. In November 2021, however, they announced that the tournament would return in 2025. In December 2022, Ramiz Raja, the former chairman of Pakistan Cricket Board, was given approval by the government for the construction of a new \"high-tech\" cricket stadium in Islamabad as one of the venues for the tournament. In November 2023, during the 2023 Cricket World Cup, Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) top officials met the ICC Executive Board seeking compensation if the Indian cricket team refuses to visit Pakistan for the tournament citing political and security concerns and the tournament is hosted in the 'hybrid-model'. Host selection Pakistan was announced as the host of the ICC Champions Trophy on 16 November 2021, during the 2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup. It will be first global tournament that Pakistan has been the sole host for since the 2009 attack on the Sri Lanka national cricket team; the last major tournament to take place in the country was the 1996 Cricket World Cup which it co-hosted with India and Sri Lanka. Qualification Pakistan qualified for the competition automatically as hosts. They were joined by the seven other highest-ranked teams from the 2023 Cricket World Cup group stage. This was the first time former champions Sri Lanka failed to qualify for the tournament, while Afghanistan will make their first appearance in this tournament. Venues On 28 April 2024, three venues were reported to be proposed for the event by Pakistan. The venues are Karachi, Lahore and Rawalpindi. India would play the entire tournament in Lahore. Group stage The 2025 ICC Champions Trophy will follow previous editions with two groups of four teams, with the top two teams in each group qualifying for the semi-finals. Knockout stage Semi-finals Semi-final 1 Semi-Final 2 Final References ICC Champions Trophy tournaments International cricket competitions in Pakistan February 2025 sports events in Asia International cricket competitions in 2024–25", "title": "2025 ICC Champions Trophy" }, { "docid": "53820948", "text": "This is a list of squads selected for the 2017 ICC Champions Trophy. Group A Australia Coach: Darren Lehmann Bangladesh Coach: Chandika Hathurusingha England Coach: Trevor Bayliss Chris Woakes was ruled out of the rest of the tournament after suffering a side-strain during England's opening match against Bangladesh. Steven Finn was added to the squad as his replacement. New Zealand Coach: Mike Hesson Group B India Coach: Anil Kumble Ahead of the tournament Dinesh Karthik replaced Manish Pandey, who was ruled out with a side strain. Pakistan Coach: Mickey Arthur Umar Akmal was included in the provisional squad named by the PCB, but failed a fitness test and was called back from England. Haris Sohail was named as his replacement. Wahab Riaz was ruled out of the tournament with an ankle injury after his team's opening match. He was replaced in the squad by Rumman Raees. Sri Lanka Coach: Graham Ford Chamara Kapugedera injured his knee during the tournament and was replaced by Danushka Gunathilaka. Kusal Perera was ruled out of the tournament with a hamstring injury and was replaced by Dhananjaya de Silva. South Africa Coach: Russell Domingo References External links ICC Champions Trophy 2017 Squads on ESPN Cricinfo ICC Champions Trophy squads 2017 ICC Champions Trophy", "title": "2017 ICC Champions Trophy squads" }, { "docid": "2892593", "text": "Daren Julius Garvey Sammy (born 20 December 1983) is a Saint Lucian cricketer who played international cricket for the West Indies. He is currently serving as the head coach of the West Indies cricket team in limited overs cricket. On making his One-Day International (ODI) debut against Bangladesh in 2004, Sammy became the first person from the island of St Lucia to play international cricket. Three years later he made his Test debut against England, taking 7/66 which were the best bowling figures for a West Indian in his first Test since Alf Valentine in 1950. Under his captaincy West Indies win the 2012 and 2016 ICC WorldTwenty20. He is the only captain to win the T20 World Cup twice. He was also a member of the West Indies team that won the 2004 ICC Champions Trophy. Sammy is the only captain to have won World T20 twice. He captained West Indies to the 2012 ICC World Twenty20 victory against Sri Lanka, West Indies' first major trophy for 8 years (having won the ICC Champions trophy against England in 2004). Sammy again captained West Indies to victory in the 2016 ICC World Twenty20 against England. Sammy captained Peshawar Zalmi in the Pakistan Super League from 2017 until 2020, when he stepped down due to fitness. He then agreed to a two-year head coaching contract for Peshawar Zalmi. On 5 August 2016, Sammy was informed he was being dropped as T20I captain of West Indies. In the 2017 Birthday Honours, Sammy was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) for services to sports. For his part in bringing back international cricket to Pakistan, Sammy received the highest civilian medal of Pakistan, Nishan-e-Pakistan on 23 March 2020. He was also awarded honorary Pakistani citizenship by the President of Pakistan Arif Alvi. In June 2021, Sammy was appointed as a member of the Cricket West Indies (CWI) Board of Directors as an independent non-member director. Debut On 2 October 2001 Daren Sammy made his List A debut at the age of 17. Playing in the Red Stripe Bowl for the Northern Windward Islands against Jamaica he bowled nine overs without taking a wicket and scored 25 runs before he was run out as his team slid to defeat. Playing three matches Sammy was his team's second-highest run-scorer with 90 runs, and took one wicket. Sammy was a member of the West Indies team to the 2002 Under-19 World Cup, which was held that year in New Zealand; he made 22 runs and took three wickets. Other members of that team, which lost to Australia in the semi-final, included Dwayne Bravo, Narsingh Deonarine, Ravi Rampaul, Shane Shillingford, Lendl Simmons, and Gavin Tonge all of whom went on to play for the West Indies senior team. Upon his return from New Zealand, Sammy was picked to attend the Shell Cricket Academy at St. George's University in Grenada in 2002. The scheme aimed to help what were considered the Caribbean's \"brightest cricketing prospects\"", "title": "Daren Sammy" }, { "docid": "38299020", "text": "Sport in Bangladesh is a popular form of entertainment as well as an essential part of Bangladeshi culture. Cricket is the most popular sport in Bangladesh followed by football. Ha-du-du is the national sport of Bangladesh. Bangladesh is one of the top 10 cricketing nations of the world and has regularly qualified for the Cricket World Cup since 1999, the Country achieved arguably its greatest heights in Cricket when it defeated three of the top-rated teams in 2015 Cricket World Cup to qualify for the quarterfinals. In 2015, they white-washed Pakistan and clinched the series by 3-0 and in another major achievement they won a series against India by 2-1 in the same year they beat South Africa 2–1 in an ODI series and cemented their spot in Champions Trophy 2017. In football, Bangladesh is only the second team from South Asia to have qualified for the AFC Asian Cup (1980). The country's greatest success in football was their 2003 SAFF Gold Cup triumph along with winning gold at the 1999 South Asian Games. The Shadhin Bangla football team was one of the first instances of a national sports team representing the country internationally, during their tour of India amidst the Bangladesh Liberation War. The National Sports Council (NSC) is the governing body to controls all the sports federations and councils in the country and is responsible to the Ministry of Youth and Sports. There are a total of 46 different sports federations affiliated with the NSC. Bangladesh Games is the largest domestic multi-sport tournament in the country where athletes and sports teams from all the districts participate. Major leagues Popular sports Cricket Cricket is arguably the most popular sport in the country. Its popularity rose after the national team won the ICC Trophy in 1997 and for the first time qualified for the Cricket World Cup in 1999. In 2000, Bangladesh became a full member of International Cricket Council which allowed it to play Test cricket. Bangladesh regularly hosts many international One Day matches, Test matches, and Twenty20 Internationals. In 2011, Bangladesh hosted the 2011 Cricket World Cup along with India and Sri Lanka. Bangladesh was also elected to host the 2014 ICC World Twenty20. Bangladesh Cricket Board is the premier governing body to manage the development of the sport in the country. In the 2015 ICC Cricket World Cup, Bangladesh beat England and reached the quarter-finals for the first time. However, they were knocked out in the quarter-final against India. Bangladesh also reached the semifinals of the ICC Champions Trophy in 2017, held in England and Wales, but lost to India again in the semis. The Bangladesh women's team beat India in the 2018 Asia Cup Finals to become only the second team after six-time winners India to lift the trophy. On 9 February 2020, the Bangladesh Under-19 cricket team won the 2020 Under-19 Cricket World Cup held in South Africa after beating India in a nail-biting final. This was Bangladesh's first win in an ICC event at", "title": "Sport in Bangladesh" }, { "docid": "977133", "text": "The 2004 ICC Champions Trophy was held in England in September 2004. Twelve teams competed in 15 matches spread over 16 days at three venues: Edgbaston, The Rose Bowl and The Oval. The nations competing included the ten Test nations, Kenya (ODI status), and – making their One Day International debut – the United States who qualified by winning the 2004 ICC Six Nations Challenge by the smallest of margins (coming down to net run rate over Canada, Namibia, and the Netherlands who had all recently played in the 2003 Cricket World Cup). The ICC Champions Trophy was won by the West Indies in front of a sell-out Oval crowd. Ramnaresh Sarwan was named the Player of the Tournament. Qualification Twelve teams participated in the tournament: the ten Test-playing nations, along with Kenya, who held full One Day International (ODI) status, and the United States who qualified after winning the 2004 ICC Six Nations Challenge. Participating nations Group A: Australia, New Zealand, United States Group B: South Africa, West Indies, Bangladesh Group C: Pakistan, India, Kenya Group D: Sri Lanka, England, Zimbabwe Group stage Group A Group B Group C Group D Knock-out stage Semi-finals Final Statistics Most runs Most wickets References External links ICC Champions Trophy tournaments International cricket competitions in 2004 Icc Champions Trophy", "title": "2004 ICC Champions Trophy" }, { "docid": "39538092", "text": "The final of the 2013 ICC Champions Trophy was played on 23 June 2013 between the England and India at the Edgbaston Cricket Ground, Birmingham.This was the 7th ICC Champions Trophy. India won the match by 5 runs England qualified into the final by defeating South Africa in the first semi-final at The Oval, London on 19 June 2013. India made their way into the final after defeating Sri Lanka in the second semi-final played at SWALEC Stadium, Cardiff on 20 June 2013. The match was delayed almost six hours for rain and started at 16:20 local time, and the match was reduced to 20 overs per innings. So all the rules of this match were the same as a Twenty20 game. It was India's 2nd ICC Champions Trophy championship after the 2002 ICC Champions Trophy. But they had to share the honour with Sri Lanka since this was a joint championship winning. So this was the first time when India won that title individually. In addition India became the second team after Australia to win the ICC Champions Trophy more than one time. Ravindra Jadeja earned the man of the match award for his performance in the match. Shikhar Dhawan was named the man of the series for scoring 363 runs in the tournament. In the stadium, the match was watched by 24,867 spectators. Background Prior to this match England and India played 86 times against each other in ODIs, where India had the upper hand with 46 wins and England won in 35 matches. 2 matches were tied and 3 match were ended as No Result. Their latest meeting resulted a six wickets win for England in a bilateral series in India at 2013. These teams met thrice in the ICC Champions Trophy history where India won all the three games. Road to the final India India had dominated the tournament from the first match to semi final match. They beat South Africa, West Indies and Pakistan in assertive wins to be the group champions of Group B. They brought their strong performance to the semi-final match too where they beat Sri Lanka by 8 wickets to reach the final for the third time after 2000 and 2002. 2 century & 1 half century from Shikhar Dhawan powered the Indian batting line up. Ravindra Jadeja was the leader from the front of the Indian bowling line up. India didn't lose a single match since the start of the tournament with winning both of their practice matches too. England England's qualified for the semi-finals as the group champions of Group A In the very first match of their tournament they won against Australia by 48 runs but lost to Sri Lanka in the next match. But they beat New Zealand in the last match to qualify for the semi-final. In the semi-final they beat South Africa with Jonathan Trott scoring an unbeaten 82 run innings, England won the match by 7 wickets. It was the second time after 2004", "title": "2013 ICC Champions Trophy final" }, { "docid": "76748931", "text": "The India–Australia cricket rivalry is one of the most intense sports rivalries in the world. The matches between these countries are known for their intensity. It is considered as one of the biggest matches in the world, and is among the most-viewed sport games. History Australia and India first played Test cricket against each other in 1947, but it's over the last two decades that the rivalry has grown into one of the dominant duels in the game. Ahead of the next instalment of the Border-Gavaskar Trophy, a look back on how each series has played out since the turn of the millennium. Summary of results The two sides have played a total of 289 times. Australia has won 140 matches compared to India's 108 victories. Bold indicates most wins. ICC matches Australia has the better record in the Cricket World Cup, having faced Indian 14 times. In the 2003 Cricket World Cup Final, Australia knocked out India tremendously. The last time the two cricket frenzy nations clashed in 2023 Cricket World Cup final match played at the Narendra Modi stadium in Ahmedabad, Australia again dominated India and Australia won by 6 wickets. In T20 World Cup, India has a little bit of domination on Australia. India has won three of five meetings. India won the 2007 T20 World Cup by defeating Pakistan in the final. Australia won the 2021 T20 World Cup by defeating New Zealand. In the Champions Trophy also, India has a little bit of domination on Australia. Australia won only one of the four meetings between the two sides. In the World Test Championship also, India slight edge against Australia. India won four of nine meetings, which includes 2023 WTC Final, but it won by Australia. ICC tournaments won The two countries have played in World Cups, the Champions Trophy, and the World Test Championship, all of which are organised by the governing body of world cricket, the International Cricket Council. Australia has won 10 ICC tournaments compared to India's 5. At senior-level, Australia has won 10 ICC trophies (6 Cricket World Cups, 1 T20 World Cup, 2 Champions Trophy, 1 World Test Championship), while India has won 5 (2 Cricket World Cup, 1 T20 World Cup, 2 Champions Trophy). Australia has won the ICC Cricket World Cup six times and India has done so twice. Each side has won the ICC Men's T20 World Cup once, with the first edition of the tournament in 2007 featuring a final between the two sides which India won. In the ICC Champions Trophy, another ODI tournament, each side has won the trophy twice. Australia has won the World Test Championship, although India finished as runners-up in both the editions, having played in the finals. List of test series References Cricket in India Cricket in Australia", "title": "India–Australia cricket rivalry" }, { "docid": "48642491", "text": "Hasan Ali (Punjabi and ; born 2 July 1994) is a Pakistani cricketer who plays for the national team in all formats. He made his first-class debut for Sialkot in October 2013. He made his international debut for Pakistan in August 2016 in a One Day International (ODI) match. The following summer, he was named in Pakistan's squad for the 2017 ICC Champions Trophy. Pakistan went on to win the tournament with Ali named player of the tournament after taking thirteen wickets, and took the final wicket of Jasprit Bumrah. He became the quickest bowler for Pakistan to take 50 wickets in ODIs. In August 2018, he was one of thirty-three players to be awarded a central contract for the 2018–19 season by the Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB). Early life and career Hasan Ali was born into a Punjabi Jat family of the Malhi clan to Abdul Aziz Malhi, whom Ali considers a source of inspiration for his life. His hometown is Ladhe Wala Waraich, located in the Gujranwala District. His family encouraged him to play cricket from an early age. Two local cricketers, his elder brother Ata-ur-Rehman (not to be confused with the former international cricketer) and Ansar Zafar Rathore, were his childhood coaches and mentors. Ali trained at Rathore's Young Combine Star Club in Gujranwala, where other international cricketers have also trained, including Imran Nazir. Ali's coaching began at the age of 10 and, considering his rapid progress and his physical fitness routine (up to eight hours a day everyday in a dedicated gym), by the age of 14 he was selected for the city's U16 side. International career In August 2016, Ali was added to Pakistan's One Day International (ODI) squad for their series against England and Ireland. He made his ODI debut for Pakistan against Ireland on 18 August 2016. He made his Twenty20 International debut for Pakistan against England on 7 September 2016. Ali took his first five-wicket haul in ODIs against Australia on 22 January 2017. In April 2017, Ali was added to Pakistan's Test squad for their series against the West Indies. He made his Test debut for Pakistan in the third Test against the West Indies on 10 May 2017. In June 2017, Ali was named in Pakistan's squad for the 2017 ICC Champions Trophy. Pakistan won the tournament for the first time, beating arch-rivals India by 180 runs. Ali named as the player of the tournament after taking 13 wickets, and also won the Golden Ball. With 13 wickets, Ali became the joint leading wicket-taker in any Champions Trophy tournament, along with Jerome Taylor. In October 2017, against Sri Lanka, Ali became the fastest bowler for Pakistan to take 50 wickets in ODIs in terms of number of matches played. The same month, he moved to the top of the International Cricket Council's ODI rankings for bowlers, taking 426 days from debut, the third-fastest of all time. In 2017, Ali took the most wickets in ODIs by any bowler, with 45", "title": "Hasan Ali (cricketer)" }, { "docid": "53894447", "text": "These were the eleven squads (all Test nations and two ODI nations) picked to take part in the 2000 ICC KnockOut Trophy, the second installment of the Champions Trophy cricket tournament. The tournament was held in Kenya from 3 to 15 October 2000. In the preliminary quarter finals, two ODI full-status teams Kenya and Zimbabwe played with India and Sri Lanka respectively, and India and Sri Lanka won their matches convincingly. In third preliminary quarter final, England beat Bangladesh to secure his position in Knockout Tournament. New Zealand won the second edition of the ICC KnockOut Trophy by defeating India in the final by four wickets, which was their first ICC event to be won. Squads Australia Shane Warne and Collin Miller was originally selected in the squad, but later withdrew for injuries and Mark Higgs and Brad Young was replaced respectively. Bangladesh England India Kenya New Zealand Pakistan South Africa Sri Lanka West Indies Zimbabwe References External links ICC Champions Trophy squads 2000 ICC KnockOut Trophy", "title": "2000 ICC KnockOut Trophy squads" }, { "docid": "43971031", "text": "In cricket, a five-wicket haul (also known as a \"five–for\" or \"fifer\") refers to a bowler taking five or more wickets in a single innings. This is regarded as a significant achievement, and there have been only 10 instances of a bowler taking a fifer in ICC Champions Trophy tournaments. The ICC Champions Trophy is a One Day International (ODI) tournament organised by the International Cricket Council (ICC), and is considered the second most significant after the World Cup. Originally inaugurated as the \"ICC Knock Out Trophy\" in 1998, the tournament has been organised every two or three years since. , 11 players from 7 different nations have taken fifers. South Africa's Jacques Kallis was the first to take a five-wicket haul in the tournament, while playing against West Indies in the final of the inaugural edition. His bowling figures of 5 wickets for 30 runs in the final helped South Africa win the tournament. The figures also secured a place in the \"Top 100 bowling performances of all-time\", a list released by the Wisden Cricketers' Almanack in 2002. As of 2013, the South Africans have taken the most fifers with three followed by the Australians and the New Zealanders with two. India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka each have one, while Bangladesh, England and Zimbabwe are yet to see a player take a fifer in the tournament. Sri Lanka's Farveez Maharoof holds the record for the best bowling figures: 6 wickets for 14 runs – also his career best figures – against West Indies in the 2006 tournament. Australia's Josh Hazlewood is the most recent player to take a fifer. His figures of 6 wickets for 52 runs came against New Zealand in 2017. Key Five-wicket hauls References Bibliography ICC Champions Trophy Five-wicket hauls Five-wicket hauls Five-wicket hauls", "title": "List of ICC Champions Trophy five-wicket hauls" }, { "docid": "44047296", "text": "The final of the 2004 ICC Champions Trophy was played on 25 September 2004 between West Indies and England at the Oval, London. England qualified into the final by defeating Australia in the first semi final at Edgbaston while West Indies defeated Pakistan at the Rose Bowl in the second semi final. West Indies won the final by 2 wickets at the Oval, winning the 2004 ICC Champions Trophy. This was their first major tournament win since the 1979 Cricket World Cup. Road to the Final First Semi-Final The first semi final was played between Australia and England on 21 September 2004 at the Edgbaston, Birmingham. England won the toss and decided to field first. Australia scored 259 runs for 9 wickets in 50 overs, with Damien Martyn scoring 65 runs from 91 balls. Darren Gough took 3 wickets giving away 48 runs in 7 overs. England, in the reply, chased the target of 260 runs in 46.3 overs losing 4 wickets. They won the match by 6 wickets and reached the final. Michael Vaughan scored 86 runs and received the man of the match award. With this victory, England achieved their first win over Australia since 17 June 1999 and ended a run of 14 consecutive defeats. Second Semi-Final West Indies played Pakistan in the second semi-final at the Rose Bowl, Southampton on 22 September 2004, and defeated them by 7 wickets. Pakistan won the toss and surprisingly elected to bat first on a pitch known for favouring the chasing teams. They scored 131 runs all out in 38.2 overs, with Yasir Hameed being the highest run-scorer—39 runs off 56 balls. West Indies achieved the target of 132 runs in 28.1 overs, their highest scorer was Ramnaresh Sarwan, with 56 not out. He was named the man of the match. Result The final of the 2004 ICC Champions Trophy was played between West Indies and England at the Oval on 25 September 2004. West Indies made England bat first after winning the toss. Despite a century (104 runs) from Marcus Trescothick, England were restricted to 217 runs in 49.4 overs. Wavell Hinds and Ian Bradshaw took 3 and 2 wickets respectively. West Indies started their batting with the early losses of Hinds and Sarwan, and at one moment they were restricted to 147 runs for 8 wickets; the highest run-scorer Shivnarine Chanderpaul (47 runs) had also departed. Courtney Browne and Ian Bradshaw scored 35 and 34 not out respectively which was the highest scoring innings of both their respective careers at the time and guided West Indies to victory without any further loss. They chased the target in 48.5 overs, and Browne and Bradshaw shared an unbeaten 71 run ninth wicket partnership, a West Indian record. Andrew Flintoff took 3 wickets for 38 runs in 10 overs. Bradshaw was given the man of the match award for his all-round performance while Sarwan was named the man of the tournament. The Final References External links ICC Champions Trophy finals International", "title": "2004 ICC Champions Trophy final" }, { "docid": "374833", "text": "The Australia men's national cricket team represents Australia in men's international cricket. As the joint oldest team in Test cricket history, playing in the first ever Test match in 1877, the team also plays One-Day International (ODI) and Twenty20 International (T20I) cricket, participating in both the first ODI, against England in the 1970–71 season and the first T20I, against New Zealand in the 2004–05 season, winning both games. The team draws its players from teams playing in the Australian domestic competitions – the Sheffield Shield, the Australian domestic limited-overs cricket tournament and the Big Bash League. Australia are the current ICC World Test Championship and ICC Cricket World Cup champions. They are regarded as most successful cricket teams in the history of Cricket. The national team has played 866 Test matches, winning 414, losing 232, 218 draw and 2 Tie. , Australia is ranked first in the ICC Test Championship on 128 rating points. Australia is the most successful team in Test cricket history, in terms of overall wins, win–loss ratio and wins percentage. Test rivalries include The Ashes (with England), the Border–Gavaskar Trophy (with India), the Frank Worrell Trophy (with the West Indies), the Trans-Tasman Trophy (with New Zealand), and with South Africa. The team has played 1,000 ODI matches, winning 609, losing 348, tying 9 and with 34 ending in a no-result. , Australia is ranked third in the ICC ODI Championship on 107 rating points, though have been ranked first for 141 of 185 months since its introduction in 2002. Australia is one of the most successful team in ODI cricket history, winning more than 60 per cent of their matches, with a record eight World Cup final appearances (1975, 1987, 1996, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2015 and 2023) and have won the World Cup a record six times: 1987, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2015 and 2023. Australia is the first (and only) team to appear in four consecutive World Cup finals (1996, 1999, 2003 and 2007), surpassing the old record of three consecutive World Cup appearances by the West Indies (1975, 1979 and 1983) and the first and only team to win 3 consecutive World Cups (1999, 2003 and 2007). The team was undefeated in 34 consecutive World Cup matches until the 2011 Cricket World Cup where Pakistan beat them by 4 wickets in the Group stage. It is also the second team to win a World Cup (2015) on home soil, after India (2011). Australia have also won the ICC Champions Trophy twice (2006 and 2009) making them the first and the only team to become back to back winners in the Champions Trophy tournaments. The national team has played 188 Twenty20 International matches, winning 100, losing 81, tying 3 and with 4 ending in a no-result. , Australia is ranked fifth in the ICC T20I Championship on 251 rating points. Australia have won the ICC Men's T20 World Cup once, defeating New Zealand in the 2021 final. On 12 January 2019, Australia won the first ODI", "title": "Australia national cricket team" }, { "docid": "4448227", "text": "The 2006 ICC Champions Trophy was a One Day International cricket tournament held in India from 7 October to 5 November 2006. It was the fifth edition of the ICC Champions Trophy (previously known as the ICC Knock-out). The tournament venue was not confirmed until mid-2005 when the Indian government agreed that tournament revenues would be free from tax (the 2002 tournament had been due to be held in India, but was switched to Sri Lanka when an exemption from tax in India was not granted). Australia won the tournament, their first Champions Trophy victory. They were the only team to get one loss in the tournament, as all other teams lost at least two matches. West Indies, their final opponents, beat Australia in the group stage but were bowled out for 138 in the final and lost by eight wickets on the Duckworth–Lewis method. West Indies opening batsman Chris Gayle was named Player of the Tournament. English writer Tim de Lisle said the tournament \"had been fun\" because \"it had been unpredictable.\" The unpredictability was in part shown by the fact that no Asian side qualified for the semi-final, for the first time in a major ICC tournament since the 1975 World Cup. De Lisle also claimed that \"the pitches\" had been the \"tournament's secret,\" saying that they were \"sporting and quixotic\" and \"quite untypical of both one-day cricket and the subcontinent.\" His views were echoed by panelists in a roundtable discussion organized by ESPNcricinfo, \"who hoped that the tournament would not be a one-off in a batsman-dominated game,\" according to news site rediff.com. The tournament recorded five of the 10 lowest team totals in the tournament's history, and totals of 80 (for West Indies v Sri Lanka) and 89 (for Pakistan v South Africa) were the lowest recorded in matches involving the top eight ranked One-day International sides of the world. Qualifying The Ten full member teams competed in the tournament and were seeded according to the ICC ODI Championship standings on 1 April 2006.Bangladesh became the last team to qualify, claiming tenth place ahead of Kenya on 23 March 2006. The first six teams on the ICC ODI table (Australia, South Africa, Pakistan, New Zealand, India, and England) qualified automatically; the next four teams (Sri Lanka, the defending champions West Indies, Zimbabwe and Bangladesh) played a pre-tournament round-robin qualifying round from 7 to 14 October to determine which two teams will proceed to play in the main round. Tournament structure Two teams from the qualifying round, plus the other six teams, played in a group stage, split into two groups of four in a round-robin competition, played from 15 to 29 October. The top two teams from each group qualified for the semi-finals played on 1 November and 2 November. The final was played on 5 November. Venues Matches in the preliminary round and the group round were played in the Punjab Cricket Association Stadium in Mohali, Sardar Patel Stadium in Ahmedabad, the Sawai Man Singh Stadium", "title": "2006 ICC Champions Trophy" }, { "docid": "43656582", "text": "In cricket, a player is said to have scored a century when he scores 100 or more runs in a single innings. The ICC Champions Trophy is a One Day International (ODI) tournament organised by the International Cricket Council (ICC), and is considered the second most significant after the World Cup. Originally inaugurated as the \"ICC KnockOut Trophy\" in 1998, the tournament is organised every four years, though it had been organised every two or three years before, and was not held in 2021. A total of 50 centuries were scored by players from 10 different teams. Players from all teams that have permanent ODI status have scored centuries. India leads the list, with ten centuries, followed by Sri Lanka, with seven. Alistair Campbell of Zimbabwe was the first to score a century in the tournament, when he made 100 against New Zealand during the inaugural edition. Four players—Sourav Ganguly (India), Herschelle Gibbs (South Africa), Chris Gayle (West Indies) and Shikhar Dhawan (India)—hold the record for the most number of centuries, with three each. A further four players—Saeed Anwar (Pakistan), Marcus Trescothick (England), Upul Tharanga (Sri Lanka) and Shane Watson (Australia)—have each scored two centuries. Gayle's three centuries in 2006 is a record for any player in a single edition. New Zealand's Nathan Astle's 145 against the United States was the highest individual score. South Africa's Jacques Kallis's 113 not out against Sri Lanka in 1998, Ganguly's 141 not out against South Africa in 2000, and New Zealand's Chris Cairns's 102 not out against India in the same tournament feature in the top 100 ODI innings of all-time by a list released by the Wisden Cricketers' Almanack in 2002. Six centuries were made in the finals, with three of them resulting in the centurions being on the championship winning side. The 2002 edition saw ten centuries—all at the Premadasa Stadium, Colombo, the highest for a single tournament, while the fewest centuries were scored in the 2013 edition, with three. The most recent century was made by Fakhar Zaman of Pakistan, when he scored 114 against India during the final of the 2017 edition of the tournament. Key Centuries Notes References Bibliography ICC Champions Trophy Centuries ICC Champions Trophy centuries Centuries", "title": "List of ICC Champions Trophy centuries" }, { "docid": "50424961", "text": "The 2017 international cricket season was from May 2017 to September 2017. 13 Test matches, 52 One-day Internationals (ODIs), 12 Twenty20 Internationals (T20Is), and 31 Women's One Day Internationals (WODIs) were played during this period. The season started with India leading the Test cricket rankings, South Africa leading the ODI rankings, New Zealand leading the Twenty20 rankings, and Australia women leading the Women's rankings. The season started with a two match ODI series between England and Ireland, followed by a tri-nation ODI series in Ireland (also containing New Zealand and Bangladesh), and a three match ODI series between England and South Africa. These matches served as preparation for the ICC Champions Trophy, which was held in England in June. This was the first Champions Trophy that the West Indies did not participate in, due to them having been outside the top 8 in the ODI rankings on the cut-off date of 30 September 2015. This was immediately followed by the Women's Cricket World Cup, which was also held in England. After these two major events, international cricket resumed with many bilateral series that occurred during the rest of the season including Afghanistan's first ever bilateral tour to the West Indies. Important series included the 6th edition of the Basil D'Oliveira Trophy and the 26th edition of the Wisden Trophy, the latter of which included the first day/night Test match to be played in England. Pakistan were scheduled to tour Bangladesh in July, but the series was cancelled. The season also included Zimbabwe's first bilateral tour of Sri Lanka in 15 years, with Zimbabwe recording their first series win over Sri Lanka. During the season, many important steps of 2019 ICC Cricket World Cup qualification process took place. ODIs between the 12 teams competing in the ICC ODI Championship were of special importance as only those that are ranked in the top 8 at the end of this season (30 September 2017) qualified directly for the World Cup. This was different from previous World Cups, as Full Members were granted automatic qualification in those tournaments. Those ranked in the bottom four will compete in the 2018 Cricket World Cup Qualifier and will be joined by the top four teams in the World Cricket League Championship and the top two teams from World Cricket League Division Two. Matches in rounds 5 and 6 of the World Cricket League Championship and the Intercontinental Cup took place during this season. The World Cricket League Division Three tournament were also held in this season, with the top 2 teams, Oman and Canada, being promoted to Division 2. Pakistan were also scheduled to tour Bangladesh in July 2017, to play two Test, three ODIs and a T20I match. However, in April 2017, the tour was cancelled. Season overview Rankings The following are the rankings at the beginning of the season: May Ireland in England 2017 South Africa Women's Quadrangular Series 2017 Ireland Tri-Nation Series 2017 ICC World Cricket League Division Three Final standings South Africa in", "title": "International cricket in 2017" }, { "docid": "2284385", "text": "Aleem Dar PP (Punjabi, ; born 6 June 1968) is a Pakistani cricket umpire and former first-class cricketer. He has been a member of the Elite Panel of ICC Umpires. Dar won the David Shepherd Trophy three years in a row from 2009 to 2011, after being nominated twice in 2005 and 2006. Aleem Dar, Marais Erasmus, Richard Kettleborough, Kumar Dharmasena and Simon Taufel were the only umpires to have received the award from its inception until 2017. Before becoming an umpire, Dar played first-class cricket as a right-handed batsman and a leg-break bowler for Allied Bank, Gujranwala, Lahore and Pakistan Railways teams. In December 2019, in the first match of the series between Australia and New Zealand, Aleem stood in his 129th Test match, breaking the record previously set by Steve Bucknor. On 1 November 2020, in the second ODI between Pakistan and Zimbabwe, Aleem stood in his 210th ODI match as an on-field umpire, surpassing South African Rudi Koertzen's record of officiating in the most ODI matches. Personal life Aleem Dar was born on June 6, 1968, in Jhang, Pakistan. He is married to Noshaba. They have three children, sons Hassan and Ali, and a daughter, Jaweria, who died due to epilepsy. Career Umpiring Aleem is best known as an international cricket umpire. He made his international umpiring debut in an ODI between Pakistan and Sri Lanka at Gujranwala on 16 February 2000. In 2002 he became a member of ICC's International Panel of umpires. He was chosen to umpire at the ICC Cricket World Cup. In April 2004, he became the first Pakistani to be part of the Elite Panel of ICC Umpires. He was nominated for the ICC Umpire of the year Award in 2005 and 2006, beaten on both occasions by the Australian Simon Taufel. On 17 October 2007 Aleem umpired in his 100th ODI, between India and Australia at Mumbai, making him the tenth umpire in the history of cricket to reach that landmark. He reached the landmark in a record time, taking just seven years, and became the first Pakistani to officiate in a century of One Day Internationals. Aleem has stood in a solitary India-Pakistan ODI match at Karachi 2006 and five Ashes Test matches. He was also one of the on-field umpires for the final of the 2006 ICC Champions Trophy, standing alongside Rudi Koertzen. He stood in the final of the 2007 Cricket World Cup between Australia and Sri Lanka, along with Steve Bucknor. Dar was also selected to stand in the final of the 2010 ICC World Twenty20 between Australia and England . In January 2005, Aleem and his colleague Steve Bucknor, received death threats during a Test match between England and South Africa at Centurion. He was also involved in a controversy during the 2007 Cricket World Cup final where he, along with fellow officials Bucknor, Koertzen, Bowden and Crowe incorrectly made Australia bowl three unnecessary overs in near darkness. Consequently, the ICC decided to suspend him, along", "title": "Aleem Dar" }, { "docid": "11393571", "text": "The ICC Women's Cricket World Cup Qualifier is an international cricket tournament that serves as the final step of the qualification process for the Women's Cricket World Cup. The Women's World Cup was first held in 1973, and for the first seven editions participation was determined solely by invitation, issued at the discretion of the International Women's Cricket Council (IWCC). A qualification tournament was first held in 2003 (for the 2005 World Cup), which was hosted by the Netherlands and won by Ireland. Four subsequent tournaments have been held – in 2008, hosted by South Africa and won by Pakistan; in 2011, hosted by Bangladesh and won by the West Indies; in 2017, hosted by Sri Lanka and won by India; and the abandoned 2021 edition hosted by Zimbabwe. The inaugural event in 2003 was organised by the IWCC and branded as the IWCC Trophy. The IWCC was subsumed by the International Cricket Council (ICC) in 2005, and all other editions have been known simply as the World Cup Qualifier. The number of teams and qualifying places has varied at each tournament – in 2003, six teams competed for two qualifying spots, while at the next edition (in 2008) eight teams contested two qualifying spots. The 2011 event, as well as 2021, saw ten teams compete for three qualifying places, and the 2017 tournament featured ten teams and four qualifying places. Starting with the 2011 edition, the qualifier was also used to determine Women's ODI status, and starting in 2021, entry to the ICC Women's Championship. Results Performance by team Legend – Champions – Runners-up – Third place Q – Qualified § – Team qualified for tournament, but withdrew or disqualified later × – Did not participate, already qualified for World Cup — Hosts Teams that qualified for the World Cup in a particular year are underlined See also Cricket World Cup Qualifier (men's) Women's World Twenty20 Qualifier References Qualifier International Cricket Council events Women's One Day International cricket competitions", "title": "ICC Women's Cricket World Cup Qualifier" }, { "docid": "9308512", "text": "WILLOW (Willow Cricket, Willow Xtra and Willow Canada) is an American pay television sports channel which is completely devoted to airing overseas cricket events, including live and recorded matches and other cricket-related programming in English, with the majority of its advertising targeted towards the Indian subcontinent diaspora in North America. The network is carried both as a traditional subscription-television channel which airs on pay-TV providers, and a paid streaming service available online. The network was launched in the U.S. on August 27, 2010, and in Canada on May 14, 2019. The channel merged with NEO Cricket's American network in February 2013 as that provider drew down their American operations with the Willow name remaining. Times Internet, part of The Times Group, bought the service in 2016. Willow has operated an Internet portal for live streaming of cricket events at www.willow.tv since 2003 for a monthly subscription fee. Willow has driven various innovations in the coverage of cricket, like video-based live scorecards and editorials. The website provides subscribers with video streams available on mobile apps and a streaming feed. A dedicated app for Willow was added for Apple TV on June 24, 2014. TV Everywhere access to the network's live feed on most devices was added for subscribers to pay-TV services, in time for IPL 11. Willow has been the subject of complaints about its billing practices, including making it impossible to unsubscribe through the website or app, and ignoring repeated emails requesting cancellations. They have since made it possible to unsubscribe through their website. Match rights Willow holds the rights to some of the matches of the following teams and leagues: National teams Board of Control for Cricket in India (USA / Canada) Cricket Australia (Only USA) Bangladesh Cricket Board (USA / Canada) Pakistan Cricket Board (USA / Canada) Cricket South Africa (USA / Canada) Cricket West Indies (Only USA) Sri Lanka Cricket (Only USA) Zimbabwe Cricket (USA / Canada) England and Wales Cricket Board (Only USA) ICC Events All ICC events from Nov 2015 to 2023 (Included in the new eight-year period are 18 ICC tournaments, including two ICC Cricket World Cups (2019 and 2023), one ICC Champions Trophy tournaments (2017) and three ICC World Twenty20 tournaments (2016 , 2021 and 2022) and one ICC World Test Championship tournaments (2021). ICC Events 2015–2023 ICC major global events 2016 ICC World Twenty20 in India 2017 ICC Champions Trophy in England & Wales 2019 ICC Cricket World Cup in England & Wales 2021 ICC T20 World Cup in UAE & Oman 2022 ICC T20 World Cup in Australia 2023 ICC World Test Championship final in England 2023 ICC Cricket World Cup in India ICC qualifying events 2015 ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier – Ireland and Scotland 2018 ICC Cricket World Cup Qualifier – Zimbabwe 2019 ICC T20 World Cup Qualifier – United Arab Emirates 2023 ICC Cricket World Cup Qualifier – Zimbabwe Other ICC events 2016 ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup – Bangladesh 2017 ICC Women's Cricket World Cup – England and", "title": "Willow (TV channel)" }, { "docid": "49331737", "text": "The New Zealand national cricket team represents New Zealand in international cricket and is a full member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) with Test, One Day International (ODI) and T20I status. They played their first Test in 1930 against England in Christchurch, New Zealand, becoming the fifth country to play Test cricket. It took the team 26 years until the 1955–56 season to win a Test match, when they defeated West Indies at Eden Park in Auckland. They played their first ODI in the 1972–73 season against Pakistan in Christchurch. They are the joint oldest nation with Australia to play first Twenty20 International in 2005. New Zealand's win percentage in test cricket is 23.83. As of August 2021, New Zealand have played 449 Test matches; out of which they have won 107, lost 175, while 167 matches have ended as draw. New Zealand is also one of the most successful ODI team, as they have reached many tournament's semi-finals. As of August 2021, they have played 775 ODI matches, out of which they have won 354, lost 374; 7 matches have ended as a tie, whilst 40 had no result. They have reached six semi-finals at Cricket World Cup which is more than any other, in 1975, 1979, 1992, 1999, 2007, and 2011. New Zealand's best performance in world cups came in 2015 and 2019 when they ended as runners-up. In ICC Champions Trophy, New Zealand became champions in 2000. They were also the runners up in ICC Champions Trophy 2009 and semi-finalists in ICC Champions Trophy 2006 as well. New Zealand has shown average performances in Twenty20 Internationals. As of October 2021, New Zealand have played 150 T20I matches and won 73 of them, lost 65, 8 matches ended as a tie whilst 4 matches yielded no result. Their win percentage is 52.73. During 6 ICC World Twenty20 tournaments, New Zealand's best performance came during 2007 and 2016 where they finished as semi-finalists. As of August 2021, New Zealand has faced nine teams in Test cricket, with their most frequent opponent is England; playing 107 matches against them. However, they have registered most wins against Sri Lanka that is 16 wins, but their best win percentage is 80% against Bangladesh, against whom they have won 12 out of 15 tests. In ODI matches, New Zealand have played against 18 teams; they have played against their continent rivals, Australia most frequently, with a winning percentage of 29.77 in 137 matches. Within usual major ODI nations, New Zealand have defeated Sri Lanka and India on 49 occasions, which is their best record in ODIs. The team has competed against 13 countries in T20IS. Key Test cricket Matches played (by country) One Day International Matches played (by country) Twenty20 International Matches played (by country) Notes References Cricket records and statistics New Zealand in international cricket", "title": "New Zealand national cricket team record by opponent" }, { "docid": "4448296", "text": "The 2002 ICC Champions Trophy was a cricket tournament held in Sri Lanka in 2002. It marked the third edition of the ICC Champions Trophy, with the previous two tournaments being known as the ICC Knock Out Tournaments. Originally scheduled to be held in India, the tournament was moved to Sri Lanka when India did not grant an exemption from tax, as needed. The tournament consisted of fifteen matches, including two semi-finals and a final match. This event was notable as it marked the first time that teams from all member nations of the International Cricket Council (ICC) visited Sri Lanka to participate in a cricket tournament. Twelve teams participated in the tournament: the ten Test-playing nations, along with Kenya, who held full One Day International (ODI) status, and the Netherlands, who were the winners of the 2001 ICC Trophy. The teams were divided into four pools, each consisting of three teams. In the pool stage, each team played the other two teams in its pool once. The top team from each pool advanced to the semi-finals. In the first semi-final, Australia was defeated by Sri Lanka, while India emerged victorious over South Africa in the second semi-final. However, the final match between India and Sri Lanka was affected by rain and had to be abandoned on two occasions, resulting in no result being declared. Virender Sehwag emerged as the highest run-scorer of the tournament, while Muttiah Muralitharan claimed the title of highest wicket-taker. Qualification Twelve teams participated in the tournament: the ten Test-playing nations, along with Kenya, who held full One Day International (ODI) status, and the Netherlands, who were the winners of the 2001 ICC Trophy. Prize money The total prize money for the 2002 ICC Champions Trophy was $1 million, and in addition, the 12 teams received $165,000 each for taking part in the tournament. The winning team of the tournament collected $525,000: $100,000 for winning both of its Pool matches, $125,000 for winning semi-final and $300,000 for winning the final. Venues All the matches were played in Colombo at two grounds: R. Premadasa Stadium and Sinhalese Sports Club Ground. Tournament structure Unlike the previous two editions of the Champions Trophy which had a direct knockout format, this edition had a format in which teams were divided into pools instead and the first-placed teams of the respective pools at the end of pool stage would qualify to the knockout stage. The 12 teams—10 Test playing nations (plus Kenya and Netherlands)—were divided into four pools of three teams each, with every team playing two matches. Australia, Bangladesh and New Zealand were placed in Pool 1 whereas England, India and Zimbabwe were allotted Pool 2. Kenya, South Africa and West Indies were put together in Pool 3, and Netherlands, Pakistan and Sri Lanka played each other in Pool 4. The semi finals were played between the winners of Pool 2 and the winners of Pool 3, and Pool 1 and Pool 4. Participating teams Source Pool matches The first", "title": "2002 ICC Champions Trophy" }, { "docid": "22037490", "text": "The 2010 ICC World Twenty20 was the third Men's T20 World Cup competition, an international Twenty20 cricket tournament that was held in the West Indies between 30 April and 16 May 2010. It was won by England, who defeated Australia in the final. Kevin Pietersen was named as player of the tournament. Although the tournament was held every two years beginning in 2007, the scheduled ICC Champions Trophy, One Day International tournament to be held in the West Indies in 2010 was revised to a Twenty20 format because the 2008 Champions Trophy tournament in Pakistan was postponed due to security concerns and there was a need to correct the international cricketing tournament calendar. This ICC World Twenty20 took place only 10 months after the last one. As before, the tournament featured 12 teams – the Test-playing nations and two qualifiers. Matches were played at three grounds – Kensington Oval in Bridgetown, Barbados; Providence Stadium in Providence, Guyana; and Beausejour Stadium in Gros Islet, Saint Lucia. The tournament was organised in parallel with the women's tournament, with the men's semi-finals and final each being preceded by the semi-finals and final from the women's event. This competition also saw Afghanistan make their first ever appearance in a major ICC international cricket tournament, and was made even more remarkable as at the time they only held Affiliate Membership and subsequently became the only Affiliate member ever to compete in a major ICC international cricket tournament. Qualification The ICC World Twenty20 qualifier was won by Afghanistan who defeated Ireland by 8 wickets in the final with both sides qualifying for the 2010 ICC World Twenty20. This was the first major tournament Afghanistan qualified for, while leading associates the Netherlands and Scotland failed to qualify this time. Venues All matches were played at the following three grounds: Rules and regulations During the group stage and Super Eight, points are awarded to the teams as follows: In case of a tie (i.e. both teams score exactly the same number of runs at the end of their respective innings), a Super Over decides the winner. This is applicable in all stages of the tournament. Within each group (of both group and Super Eight stages), teams are ranked against each other based on the following criteria: Higher number of points If equal, higher number of wins If still equal, higher net run rate If still equal, lower bowling strike rate If still equal, result of head-to-head meeting. Groups The groups were announced on 4 July 2009. The initial four group format is the same as that used at the 2009 tournament. Team seed in brackets. Group A (1) (9) (10) Group B (2) (5) Group C (3) (7) Group D (4) (6) Notes Afghanistan and Ireland qualified via the 2010 ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier. As Zimbabwe withdrew from the 2009 competition, they failed to achieve a seed for the 2010 competition. As Ireland reached the Super Eight stage of the 2009 competition, they would have been the eighth", "title": "2010 ICC World Twenty20" }, { "docid": "44035451", "text": "The final of the 2009 ICC Champions Trophy cricket tournament was played on 5 October 2009 between New Zealand and Australia at the SuperSport Park, Centurion. Australia qualified into the final by defeating England in the first semi final while New Zealand defeated Pakistan in the second semi final. Australia won the final by 6 wickets, their second consecutive Champions Trophy final. Road to the Final First Semi-Final The first semi final was played between Australia and England on 2 October 2009 at the SuperSport Park, Centurion. England batted first and set target of 258 which Australia achieved in 41.2 overs. Shane Watson and Ricky Ponting scored 136 and 111 runs—both not out—sharing 252 runs from 242 balls, Australia highest partnership in One Day Internationals (ODIs). Watson was given man of the match award. Second Semi-Final New Zealand played Pakistan in the second semi-final at the New Wanderers Stadium, Johannesburg, and defeated them by 5 wickets. Achieving the target of 234 runs, New Zealand highest scorer was Grant Elliott, with 75 not out. Daniel Vettori earned the man of the match award for his all-round performance; he took 3 wickets for 43 runs in 10 overs and scored 41 runs. Result The final of the 2009 ICC Champions Trophy was played between Australia and New Zealand at the SuperSport Park on 5 October 2009. Batting first after winning the toss, New Zealand posted a total of 200 runs for 9 wickets in 50 overs. Australia, in the reply, were initially restrict to 41 runs for 3 wickets in 18 overs, and the Kyle Mills and Shane Bond appeared with bowling figures like: 6–2–8–1 and 5–2–9–1 respectively. Shane Watson and Cameron White were playing in a \"Test match-mode\", but got momentum later with White scoring 61 runs off 102 balls and Watson 105 not out from 129 balls. With back-to-back sixes, Watson completed his century and achieved the target. Australia reach the target in 45.4 overs losing 4 wickets. This was the second consecutive occasion for Watson earning man of the match award in the final of ICC Champions Trophy. It was Australia's fifth consecutive win after becoming finalists in multi-team tournaments since 1999. The Final References External links 2009 International cricket competitions in 2009 Final", "title": "2009 ICC Champions Trophy final" }, { "docid": "14569041", "text": "The 2009 ICC Champions Trophy was a One Day International cricket tournament held in South Africa between 22 September and 5 October, at Wanderers Stadium and Centurion Park, both in the Gauteng province. Originally, the tournament was scheduled to be hosted by Pakistan in 2008, but due to security concerns it shifted to South Africa. It was the sixth ICC Champions Trophy, and was previously known as the ICC Knock-out. Two teams from two groups of four qualified for the semi-finals, and the final was staged in Centurion on 5 October. Australia successfully defended the title by beating New Zealand by six wickets in the final. History The Champions Trophy was the brainchild of Jagmohan Dalmiya, who was ICC president in the late 1990s. It had a dual aim of spreading the game to emerging nations and raising money for the ICC between World Cups, thus enabling it to pump more cash into those fledgling cricket countries. The first tournament, labelled as a mini World Cup, was staged in Dhaka in October 1998 and raised more than £10 million. The second, in Nairobi, was a commercial success, although the crowds stayed away. By the time the 2002 event was held – and there was disquiet as it was so close to the World Cup five months later – the idea of playing in developing nations had been ditched. As revenue generation was the main raison d'etre, it needed to be in one of the main countries, which allowed the format to be expanded. In 2004 the jamboree moved to England, and it became clear the format of group games led to too many meaningless games. By the time the 2006 tournament in India came into view, the event was under fire from some quarters, and at one time, there were hints that India might decline to take part in 2008. Schedule and location The tournament was originally scheduled to be held in Pakistan between 11 and 28 September 2008 in Lahore and Karachi. The ICC postponed the tournament due to security fears expressed by several participating countries; On 24 July 2008, the International Cricket Council (ICC) announced that the tournament would take place in Pakistan after all despite players from Australia, England, South Africa and New Zealand raising concerns over touring the country. On 22 August 2008, South Africa announced that it would not take part in the Champions Trophy due to security concerns. Two days later, on 24 August 2008, after speculation that the tournament would be held elsewhere (England, Sri Lanka, or South Africa), the ICC announced that the tournament would be postponed until October 2009. At its meeting in February 2009, the ICC board decided to move the tournament out of Pakistan on security concerns. At the time, Sri Lanka was the favoured alternate host. In March 2009, the ICC Chief Executives' Committee recommended to the ICC board that the tournament be held in South Africa as there were concerns that the weather in Sri Lanka during", "title": "2009 ICC Champions Trophy" }, { "docid": "3744212", "text": "Nasir Javed (born 21 June 1966) is a Pakistani born American cricketer. Javed was a right-handed batsman who bowled leg break googly. He was born in Lahore, Punjab. Javed started his cricket career in his native Pakistan, playing first-class cricket for Lahore City in 1984–85, Lahore City Whites in 1984–85 and Servis Industries in 1986–87 as a bowler. Later he emigrated to the United States of America and played for his adopted country in the 1998–99 Red Stripe Bowl in Jamaica, the 2001 ICC Trophy in Canada, and the 2002 ICC Americas Championship in Argentina. Javed also played in the 2004 ICC Six Nations Challenge, which the Americans won to qualify for the 2004 ICC Champions Trophy in England. Javed competed in the second-ever One Day International played by the United States, a heavy defeat to Australia at the Rose Bowl. Javed later played for the United States in the 2005 ICC Trophy. References External links 1966 births Living people American cricketers Pakistani cricketers Service Industries cricketers United States One Day International cricketers Pakistani emigrants to the United States Cricketers from Lahore Lahore City Whites cricketers Lahore City cricketers Coaches of the United States national cricket team American cricket coaches Pakistani cricket coaches American sportspeople of Pakistani descent", "title": "Nasir Javed" }, { "docid": "2144934", "text": "Simon James Arthur Taufel (born 21 January 1971) is an Australian former cricket umpire who was earlier a member of the ICC Elite umpire panel. He won five consecutive ICC Umpire of the Year awards between 2004 and 2008, and is widely regarded as one of the top 10 the greatest umpire of all time. He announced his retirement from international cricket on 26 September 2012, after the 2012 ICC World Twenty20 final. He subsequently worked as the ICC's Umpire Performance and Training Manager until October 2015. In 2020 he joined the Channel Seven commentary team as an expert commentator for the 2020/21 test series. Playing career Taufel played for Cammeray Cricket Club in the Northern Suburbs Cricket Association as a fast-medium bowler. After the 1990–1991 season he won the club's best and fairest award, was leading wicket-taker and had the lowest bowling average in the association. His career was cut short by a back injury. Umpiring career Despite initially having no intention of becoming an umpire, he agreed to go along with a friend to an umpiring course. After he passed the subsequent exam he began umpiring grade cricket. He quickly progressed through the ranks and made his first-class debut in 1995, aged just 24. International cricket Taufel stood in his first One Day International (ODI) on 13 January 1999 in the match between Australia and Sri Lanka at Sydney when he was 27 years old. He umpired his first Test match in December 2000 – the Boxing Day Test between Australia and West Indies at Melbourne. He became a member of the Emirates International Panel of ICC Umpires in 2002. He was chosen to umpire at the 2003 Cricket World Cup. Taufel has been named the top umpire of the year five times, and in August 2006 the ICC's annual umpire review officially ranked second for accuracy (behind Darrell Hair), and top overall. He umpired in the final of the 2004 Champions Trophy. At the 2006 Champions Trophy he umpired a semi-final, but could not umpire the final because Australia had reached the final. In January 2007 he became the youngest umpire to stand in 100 ODIs, and in April 2007 took charge of the World Cup semi-final between New Zealand and Sri Lanka, again being ineligible for the final which featured Australia. He umpired alongside Aleem Dar in the final of the 2011 Cricket World Cup between Sri Lanka and India, gaining the opportunity to do so after Australia were knocked out by India in the Quarter Finals. On 3 March 2009, Taufel was one of the officials caught in the attack on the Sri Lanka cricket team by terrorists in Lahore, Pakistan. Taufel quit international cricket after the 2012 ICC World Twenty20 in Sri Lanka, at which he was umpiring at the time. He stepped down from cricket's elite panel of umpires to take over a new role as the ICC's Umpire Performance and Training Manager. He resigned from that role in October 2015. Accolades Taufel", "title": "Simon Taufel" }, { "docid": "44087916", "text": "These were the nine squads (all Test nations) picked to take part in the 1998 ICC KnockOut Trophy, the first installment of the Champions Trophy cricket tournament. The tournament was held in Bangladesh from 24 October to 2 November 1998. Teams could name a preliminary squad of 30, but only 14-man squads were permitted for the actual tournament, one month before the start of the tournament. In the knockout tournament, New Zealand and Zimbabwe were the only teams to play a pre-quarter final match. New Zealand won the match and qualified for the quarter-final where they faced Sri Lanka. South Africa won the inaugural edition of the ICC KnockOut Trophy by defeating West Indies in the final by four wickets. Mike Rindel, Herschelle Gibbs and Andrew Hudson were not selected initially in the South African squad. But later, Rindel was recalled in place of injured Gary Kirsten, and Daryll Cullinan was selected as Rindel's opening partner. Arshad Khan, Shoaib Akhtar and Wasim Akram replaced Mushtaq Ahmed, Mohammad Zahid and Abdul Razzaq in the Pakistani squad. Waqar Younis who had not recovered from his elbow injury was left out, whereas Aaqib Javed was recalled into the 14-men squad. Saeed Anwar and Inzamam-ul-Haq were dropped from the initial Pakistani squad due to their withdrawal following injuries, and were replaced by Saleem Elahi and Akhtar Sarfraz. Many New Zealand key players—Dion Nash, Chris Cairns, Llorne Howell and Gavin Larsen—were unavailable for the tournament due to different kind of injuries. Fast bowler, Simon Doull was back into the squad replacing Chris Drum who was also injured. Squads Australia England India New Zealand Pakistan South Africa Sri Lanka West Indies Zimbabwe References External links 1998 Squads", "title": "1998 ICC KnockOut Trophy squads" }, { "docid": "3376822", "text": "Mitchell Guy Johnson (born 2 November 1981) is a former Australian cricketer, who played all forms of the game for his national side. He is a left-arm fast bowler and left-handed batsman. He represented Australia in international cricket from 2005 to 2015. Johnson is considered to be one of the greatest fast bowlers of his era and is referred as the most lethal bowler of all time. With his time representing Australia, Johnson won multiple ICC titles with the team: the 2007 Cricket World Cup, the 2015 Cricket World Cup, the 2006 ICC Champions Trophy, and the 2009 ICC Champions Trophy. Johnson was awarded the International Cricket Council's Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy (ICC Cricketer of the Year) in 2009. After suffering a drop in form that led to his removal from the national side in early 2013, he was particularly successful in his 'comeback' to the Australian Test squad during the 2013–14 Ashes series in Australia, during which he dominated England's batting. He cemented his place in the Australian side in the following Test series against South Africa and was rewarded with his second Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy and first ICC Test Player of the Year award in 2014. He played a key role in the semi-final and final matches of the 2015 World Cup, which ultimately culminated in Australia winning the World Cup for the fifth time. Johnson retired from all forms of international cricket in November 2015, having represented Australia in a total of 256 matches. He was the last active Australian player with a Test cap number in the 300s. In terms of time span, Johnson is also the quickest bowler to reach 150 Test wickets, doing so in 2 years and 139 days. In August 2018, Johnson announced his retirement from all forms of cricket. Early life Johnson was born and raised in Townsville, Queensland. His first sporting love was tennis with his idol being Pete Sampras. At 14 he was offered the opportunity to move to Brisbane to further his tennis career but turned it down. It wasn't until the age of 17 that Johnson gave up on his childhood dream of being a professional tennis player and began focusing on cricket. Early cricket career When Johnson attended a fast bowling clinic in Brisbane at age 17, former Test fast bowler Dennis Lillee identified him as a \"once-in-nine-lives prospect\". Lillee contacted former teammate Rod Marsh and arranged for Johnson to join the Australian Cricket Academy in Adelaide. Johnson subsequently played for the Australian Under-19 side that toured England in 1999, however recurrent back injuries hampered his prospects. He recovered to start his first-class career two years later, when he was selected to play state cricket for his native Queensland. Playing for Queensland against New Zealand, Johnson hit a six off the first ball he faced in first-class cricket. In September 2005, he was in the Australia A cricket team that toured Pakistan. Johnson switched from the Queensland Bulls to the Western Warriors on 25 July", "title": "Mitchell Johnson" }, { "docid": "8902492", "text": "Sarfaraz Ahmed (; born 22 May 1987) is a Pakistani professional cricketer, a wicketkeeper-batsman, who plays for the Pakistani national cricket team. He was the former captain of the Pakistan side in all formats. He leads Quetta Gladiators in the Pakistan Super League. Under his captaincy, Pakistan won the 2017 ICC Champions Trophy, defeating arch-rivals India in the final. Coincidentally, during his under-19 days, he also led the Pakistan team to win the 2006 Under-19 Cricket World Cup, where they had also beat India in the final. Sarfaraz was named as Pakistan's Twenty20 International captain following the 2016 ICC World Twenty20 in India. He was named Pakistan's ODI Captain on 9 February 2017 after Azhar Ali stepped down. He took up the Test captaincy mantle for his team following the retirement of Misbah-ul-Haq and hence became the 32nd Test captain of the Pakistan Cricket Team. In March 2018, on Pakistan Day, Sarfaraz became the youngest cricketer to be awarded the Sitara-i-Imtiaz. In August 2018, he was one of thirty-three players to be awarded a central contract for the 2018-19 season by the Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB). In January 2019, in the second ODI against South Africa, he played his 100th ODI match. Later in the same series, he was banned for four matches after admitting making a racist remark to South African Andile Phehlukwayo. Early life and family Sarfaraz Ahmed was born on 22 May 1987 in Karachi, Pakistan to a family with a printing press business. Ahmed is a Muhajir, both his paternal and maternal ancestors being from Uttar Pradesh (UP), India. While his paternal family migrated to Pakistan from Azamgarh during the partition of India, his mother, a native of Dilerganj, did so after marrying his father in 1982. His father died back in 2006. He married Syeda Khushbakht, also a Muhajir with ancestors from Aligarh in UP, in 2015; the couple have two children. International career Early career One Day International Sarfaraz's notable achievement during the early days of his career was winning the ICC U-19 World Cup in 2006 where he led the Pakistani team and defeated India in the final in a low-scoring encounter. Sarfaraz was called up by Pakistan as a cover for Kamran Akmal who had a finger injury in the one-day series against India in November 2007. He made his ODI debut in the final match of the series, on 18 November 2007. He didn't get a chance to bat as Pakistan had won the match before he was needed to bat. In 2008, Sarfaraz was selected ahead of Kamran Akmal for the Asia Cup. In 2015, Sarfaraz was selected for 2015 Cricket World Cup but did not get a chance to play in the first four matches. Due to the first frequent losses, he was selected for Pakistan's fifth match of the event against South Africa where he scored 49 runs off 49 balls and took 6 catches as a wicket-keeper and equalled the ODI record for most dismissals (6 dismissals).", "title": "Sarfaraz Ahmed" } ]	[ { "docid": "1952482", "text": "The Cricket World Cup Qualifier (previously called the ICC Trophy and officially known as the ICC Men's Cricket World Cup Qualifier) is a One-Day International (ODI) cricket tournament that serves as the culmination of the qualification process for the Cricket World Cup. It is usually played in the year before the World Cup. Although the tournament has used a variety of different formats, a final qualification event has been a feature of every World Cup since 1979. From 1979 to 2001, all associate members of the International Cricket Council (ICC) were eligible to participate in the ICC Trophy. Regional qualification was introduced for the 2005 ICC Trophy – the final tournament to bear that name – with the World Cricket League (WCL) introduced in 2007. Until 2015, automatic qualification was granted to all full members of the ICC. However, for the 2019 Cricket World Cup, only the top eight teams in the ICC ODI Championship were given automatic qualification, meaning ICC full members played in the Qualifier for the first time. The WCL was discontinued in 2019, with qualification for the World Cup Qualifier instead determined by a series of leagues including the Super League, League 2 and Challenge League. The number of qualifying berths available from the World Cup Qualifier currently stands at two for the 2023 event, but has varied from a minimum of one (1982, 1986, 1990) to a maximum of five (2005). Zimbabwe is the most successful team, having won three consecutive titles between 1982 and 1990, while Scotland is the only other team to have won multiple titles. Historically performance at the World Cup Qualifier has been a key determinant for elevation to full membership of the ICC and Test status, with Sri Lanka (1981), Zimbabwe (1992) and Bangladesh (2000) being awarded full membership after ICC Trophy wins. In September 2018, the ICC confirmed that all matches in the ICC World Cup Qualifier will have ODI status, regardless if a team does not have ODI status prior to the start of an individual tournament event. Results Leaderboard No play-off for third place was held at the 1979 and 1990 tournaments – teams defeated in the semi-finals are deemed to have shared third place and are indicated with an asterisk (). Teams' performances Legend Teams that qualified for the World Cup due to their performance in a particular edition are underlined. AQ – Team received automatic qualification to the World Cup, so did not participate in the Qualifier – Champions – Runners-up – Third place – Losing semi-finalist (no third-place play-off) R1, R2 – First round, second round (no further play-offs) PO – Team lost in an inter-round play-off (2001 only; ranked 9th–10th) × – Qualified, but withdrew Tournament records Team records Highest innings totals Lowest innings totals Individual records Most runs Highest individual score Most wickets Best bowling figures By tournament See also ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier References World Cup Qualifier", "title": "ICC Men's Cricket World Cup Qualifier" }, { "docid": "53764905", "text": "The 2017 Royal London One-Day Cup tournament was a limited overs cricket competition that forms part of the 2017 domestic cricket season in England and Wales. Matches were contested over 50 overs per side and had List A cricket status. All eighteen First-class counties competed in the tournament which ran from the end of April with the final taking place at Lord's on 1 July. Nottinghamshire won the tournament, defeating Surrey in the final. The defending champions were Warwickshire. The 2017 competition was moved earlier in the season with a reduced knockout stage in order to allow the 2017 NatWest t20 Blast to take place during the school summer holidays and England players to prepare for the 2017 ICC Champions Trophy taking place in England and Wales during June. It followed a similar schedule to the Benson & Hedges Cup competition which was played early in the season and ran from the 1970s until 2002. The scheduling of the competition earlier during the domestic season was also designed to allow limited overs cricket to be played in two blocks - one for the One Day Cup and one for the T20 Blast. The aim of the England and Wales Cricket Board was to enable county players to develop white-ball skills more effectively, to allow preparation for England matches and to make the cricket schedule easier to understand. Format The competition featured two groups of nine teams based on a North–South geographical split. Each team played eight matches during the group stage, playing every other member of their group once. Four matches were played at home venues by each county. The group stage took place from the end of April to the middle of May with the group winners progressing straight to the semi-finals with the second and third placed teams in each group playing a quarter-final against a team from the other group with the winner progressing to one of the semi-final matches. The competition was paused for the majority of the 2017 ICC Champions Trophy which took place in England and Wales during June, with the quarter-finals and semi-finals taking place between 13 and 17 June. The knock-out stages of the competition resumed towards the end of the Champions Trophy with the final taking place at Lord's on 1 July. As part of their punishment for accepting a £3.8 million financial aid package from the ECB during the 2016 season, Durham began the 2017 competition with a deduction of two points. Group stage The group stage took place from the end of April to the middle of May with each team playing eight matches. The top three teams in each group qualified for the play off stage of the competition. North Group The North Group was won by Worcestershire who won six of their matches and tied one. Yorkshire and Nottinghamshire finished second and third in the group respectively and qualified for the quarter-final stage. Table Fixtures South Group The South group was won by Essex who won seven", "title": "2017 One-Day Cup" }, { "docid": "16493010", "text": "Rwanda Cricket Association is the official governing body of cricket sports in Rwanda. Its current headquarters is located in kicukiro district in Kigali city . Rwanda Cricket Association is Rwanda's representative at the International Cricket Council and is an associate member and has been a member of that body since 2003. It is also a member of the African Cricket Association. Today, cricket is one of the fastest-growing sports in Rwanda. The game was first introduced in the country after the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi, following the return of many Rwandans who had been exiled in English-speaking cricket-playing neighboring countries – such as Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. Most of these exiles were students and played the game while pursuing their studies at the National University of Rwanda (now University of Rwanda). IPRC Kigali later became the home of cricket and went on to host several league and schools cricket competitions before the establishment of Gahanga Cricket Stadium; the first international stadium in 2017. Charles Haba, one of the pioneers of the game at the National University of Rwanda went on to become the first President of the Association which was founded between 1999 and 2000. The game is now played by over 23,010 people across the country. RCA’s annual calendar includes international competitions, domestic club competitions (50-over league, T20 league and most recently a T10 league which attracts the country’s top clubs). Other regular competitions include the schools’ competition and a university competition. Emmanuel Byiringiro is the General Manager of RCA. Landry Rurangwa is the Development Manager. Key milestones In 2003, Rwanda Cricket Association became an affiliate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) In 2004, Rwanda made its debut at an ICC tournament when the national senior men’s team participated in the ICC Africa Affiliates Championship in Benoni, South Africa. In 2010, Rwanda Cricket Association celebrated its 10-year anniversary. In 2011, Rwanda were crowned champions of the ICC T20 Africa Division 3 tournament. In 2017, Rwanda Cricket Association inaugurated Gahanga Cricket Stadium; the first international standard Stadium in Rwanda.In 2018, Rwanda hosted the World T20 Africa B Qualifier. In 2019, Rwanda hosted the ICC World Cup Trophy. In July 2020, Rwanda Cricket Association won the 100% Cricket Participation Programme of the Year award, in the ICC's Annual Development Awards. In 2022, Rwanda hosted the 2022-23 ICC T20 World Cup Africa Qualifier. In 2023, Rwanda Under-19 women's team participated in the ICC Women's Under-19 T20 World Cup in South Africa. They managed to get in to the Super 6 after defeating Zimbabwe in the group stage. They also created history by defeating West Indies in the Super 6 by 4 wickets. The national senior women’s team is ranked 7th in Africa 2021- update: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, most sports activities were cancelled. However, Rwanda Cricket Association is set to hold the annual Kwibuka T20 Tournament at Gahanga Cricket Oval in June 2021. Five national teams are expected at the event. Board Members President – Mr Stephen Musaale Vice", "title": "Rwanda Cricket Association" }, { "docid": "53295202", "text": "The 2017 Inter-Provincial Trophy was the fifth edition of the Inter-Provincial Trophy, a Twenty20 cricket competition played in Ireland. It was held from 26 May to 11 August 2017. It was the first edition of the competition to be played with full Twenty20 status, following the outcome of a meeting by the International Cricket Council (ICC) in October 2016. In April 2017, Cricket Ireland approved the participation of a fourth team, Munster Reds, for the tournament. Leinster Lightning won the tournament, after beating Munster Reds by five wickets in the final round of fixtures. Points table The following teams competed: Champions Fixtures Round 1 Round 2 Round 3 Round 4 Round 5 Round 6 References External links Series home at ESPN Cricinfo Inter Inter-Provincial Trophy seasons", "title": "2017 Inter-Provincial Trophy" }, { "docid": "76756434", "text": "India is one of the full members of the International Cricket Council (ICC), the governing body of cricket. There have been eight editions of the tournament and India has participated in every edition. India have won it twice in 2002 and 2013 while also finishing as runners-up in 2000 and 2017. Overall Record 1998 KnockOut Trophy Squad Mohammad Azharuddin (c) Sourav Ganguly Rahul Dravid Sachin Tendulkar Anil Kumble Ajit Agarkar Nayan Mongia(wk) Ajay Jadeja Sunil Joshi Venkatesh Prasad Javagal Srinath Robin Singh V.V.S.Laxman Result 2000 KnockOut Trophy Squad Sourav Ganguly (c) Rahul Dravid Sachin Tendulkar Anil Kumble Ajit Agarkar Vijay Dahiya(wk) Zaheer Khan Sunil Joshi Venkatesh Prasad Yuvraj Singh Robin Singh Vinod Kambli Hemang Badani Sridharan Sriram Result 2002 Champions Trophy Squad Sourav Ganguly (Captain) Rahul Dravid (Vice-Captain) Sachin Tendulkar Virender Sehwag Dinesh Mongia(wk) Mohammad Kaif Anil Kumble Harbhajan Singh Zaheer Khan Ajit Agarkar Yuvraj Singh Jai Prakash Yadav Ashish Nehra VVS Laxman Javagal Srinath Result 2004 Champions Trophy Squad Sourav Ganguly (Captain) Rahul Dravid Virender Sehwag Dinesh Karthik(wk) Mohammad Kaif Anil Kumble Harbhajan Singh Rohan Gavaskar Ajit Agarkar Yuvraj Singh Irfan Pathan Ashish Nehra VVS Laxman Lakshmipathy Balaji Result 2006 Champions Trophy Squad Rahul Dravid (Captain) Sachin Tendulkar Virender Sehwag Dinesh Mongia Mohammad Kaif Munaf Patel Harbhajan Singh Suresh Raina Ajit Agarkar Yuvraj Singh M.S.Dhoni Irfan Pathan R.P. Singh Ramesh Powar Result 2009 Champions Trophy 2013 Champions Trophy 2017 Champions Trophy References Cricket in India", "title": "India at the Champions Trophy" }, { "docid": "7132502", "text": "The 1994 ICC Trophy (formally the ABN AMRO ICC Trophy) was a cricket tournament that took place in Kenya between 12 February and 6 March 1994. It was the fifth ICC Trophy tournament to be staged, and acted as the Cricket World Cup qualification tournament for the 1996 Cricket World Cup. Zimbabwe, the winners of the previous three tournaments, had been granted Full membership of the International Cricket Council (ICC) in 1992 and so automatically qualified for the World Cup. For the first time three spots were on offer to qualify for the World Cup, and matches were played over 50 overs a side, though white clothing and red balls were still used. The United Arab Emirates won the tournament, defeating host nation Kenya in the final, while the Netherlands won the third place play-off. The three sides thus qualified for the World Cup for the first time. Being group champion, USA and PNG team qualified for plate final, but due to prescheduled flight schedule Namibia and Denmark played the plate final. Teams and squads Twenty teams contested the tournament. All twenty associate members of the International Cricket Council (ICC) at the time were eligible to compete at the tournament and participated. Ireland, Namibia, and the United Arab Emirates were making their tournament debuts. First round Group A Group B Group C Group D Second round Group E Group F Finals Semi-finals Of the four semi-finalists, Kenya and the Netherlands had made the semi-finals at the previous tournament in 1990, Bermuda had last made the semi-finals at the 1986 tournament, and the United Arab Emirates were making their tournament debut. Third-place play-off The third-place play-off determined the twelfth and final team at the 1996 World Cup. Final Plate competition The plate competition was contested by the teams finishing third and fourth in each first-round group. Group G Group H Final Wooden spoon competition The wooden spoon competition was contested by the teams finishing last in each first-round group. Statistics Most runs The top five run scorers (total runs) are included in this table, ordered by runs, then by batting average, and then alphabetically. Source: CricketArchive Most wickets The top five wicket takers are listed in this table, listed by wickets taken and then by bowling average. Source: CricketArchive See also ICC Trophy 1996 Cricket World Cup References External links 1994 ICC Trophy page on Cricket Archive 1994 in Kenyan cricket Icc Trophy, 1994 Kenyan cricket seasons to 1999–2000 Sport in Nairobi ICC World Cup Qualifier International cricket competitions in Kenya", "title": "1994 ICC Trophy" }, { "docid": "43764153", "text": "The final of the 2002 ICC Champions Trophy was rained-out twice, on 29 and 30 September 2002 at the R. Premadasa Stadium, Colombo. The final was scheduled to play between Sri Lanka cricket team and the India cricket team on 29 September 2002. Sri Lanka batted first and scored 244 runs for five wickets in 50 overs. Indian had played only two overs before the match was stopped by the rain. On 30 September, the Sri Lankan again batted first and scored 222 runs for seven wickets. The match was abandoned as India reached 38 runs in 8.4 overs. Man of the Match and Man of the Series were not awarded, and both the team were declared as joint winners. Background First Semi-final The first semi-final was played between India and South Africa on 25 September 2002. After winning the toss, India decided to bat first and score 261 runs for nine wickets in 50 overs. Sehwag scored 59 runs from 58 balls, including 10 fours; Yuvraj Singh and Rahul Dravid scored 62 and 49 runs respectively. Shaun Pollock took three wickets for 43 runs in nine overs. Chasing the target of 262, South Africa collapsed after reaching 192 runs for one wicket with Herschelle Gibbs scoring 116 and Jacques Kallis 97 runs in 37 overs. Gibbs could not continue his inning due to heat exhaustion. Sehwag got three wickets for 25 runs in five overs. India won the match by 10 runs and qualified for the final of the tournament. Second Semi-final The second semi-final was played between Sri Lanka and Australia on 27 September 2002. Australia won the toss, decided to bat first and score 162 runs in 48.4 overs. Shane Warne scored 36 runs followed by Adam Gilchrist and Damien Martyn scoring 31 and 28 runs respectively. Muttiah Muralitharan took three wickets for 26 runs in 9.4 overs. Aravinda de Silva, who was awarded Man of the Match, conceded just 16 runs in 10 overs and took Matthew Hayden's wicket. Sri Lanka, in the reply, reached the target in 40 overs losing only three wickets. Marvan Atapattu scored 51 runs followed by Kumar Sangakkara's 48 and Jayasuriya's 42 runs. Glenn McGrath took two wickets for 41 runs in 10 overs. Final The final of the 2002 ICC Champions Trophy was washed out twice, on 29 and 30 September 2002 at the R. Premadasa Stadium, Colombo. The matches were scheduled to play between the Sri Lanka cricket team and the India cricket team, captained by Sanath Jayasuriya and Sourav Ganguly respectively. Both the teams shared the Trophy. 29 September On 29 September, Sri Lanka batted first after Jayasuriya winning the toss and scored 244 runs. Jayasuriya and Kumar Sangakkara scored fifties—74 and 54 runs respectively, and Indian off-spinner Harbhajan Singh took three wickets for 27 in 10 overs. In reply, India started their batting and scored 14 runs without any loss in two overs before the match was abandoned due to heavy rain; the match was finished in", "title": "2002 ICC Champions Trophy final" }, { "docid": "32309804", "text": "The ICC EAP Cricket Trophy (One day) is the Limited overs cricket tournament of the ICC EAP Cricket Trophy in the ICC East Asia-Pacific region. Tournament History 2005 The first tournament that took place was the 2005 ICC EAP Cricket Cup. This was won by Japan, who defeated Cook Islands in the final. Both finalists gained a place in the next qualifying tournament, the 2006 ICC EAP Cricket Trophy. 2006 The second competition, the 2006 ICC EAP Cricket Trophy saw the winners of the previous trophy play against Fiji to determine which team would qualify for 2007 ICC World Cricket League Division Three. The champion was Fiji who won the competition easily. 2007 The 2007 ICC EAP Cricket Trophy provided the opportunity for two teams from the East Asia-Pacific Region to qualify for the 2008 WCL Division Five. Japan won the tournament and progressed along with Vanuatu who finished second. 2009 The 2009 EAP Trophy was held in Apia, Samoa from 17 to 25 September. The tournament was split into two parts, the first a Twenty20 competition and the second in the 50-over format. It was also the first time that Papua New Guinea participated in the competition. This part of the tournament was played from 19 to 25 September. In another new feature of the 2009 competition, the teams were split into two divisions based on whether they currently participated in the World Cricket League structure. This was mainly so that the Division Two would act as a qualifier for 2010 WCL Division Eight. Papua New Guinea won Division One while Vanuatu were the champions of Division Two and consequently qualified for the WCL. Division One Division Two 2011 Tournament results See also ICC EAP Cricket Trophy (Twenty20) Cricket World Cup References East Asia-Pacific Oceanian championships Recurring sporting events established in 2005", "title": "ICC EAP Cricket Trophy (One day)" }, { "docid": "894431", "text": "Ashish Nehra (; born 29 April 1979) is an Indian cricket coach and former cricketer who played in all formats of the game. Nehra announced his retirement from all forms of cricket in late 2017, with the Twenty20 International match against New Zealand on 1 November 2017 at Feroz Shah Kotla Ground his last appearance. With India, Nehra was a member of the Indian team that was one of the joint-winners of the 2002 ICC Champions Trophy, which the title was also shared with Sri Lanka, and was a member of the team that won the 2011 Cricket World Cup although he didn't play in the final. Early and personal life Nehra was born in Sadar Bazaar, Delhi Cantonment to Diwan Singh Nehra and Sumitra Nehra. Nehra was very passionate about cricket from an early age. Nehra would ride scooters with Virender Sehwag to the Feroz Shah Kotla stadium to be able to play cricket. This allowed him to grow success and eventually rise through the ranks. He eventually join the Delhi team to participate in the Ranji Trophy. International career He made his debut against Sri Lanka national cricket team. On 26 February 2003, during the 2003 ICC Cricket World Cup, Nehra took 6 for 23 against England, which was the best bowling figures by an Indian bowler in Cricket World Cup history until Mohammad Shami surpassed it against New Zealand on 15 November 2023 during the semi-final of the 2023 ICC Cricket World Cup. Nehra was named in the 'Team of the Tournament' for the 2016 T20 World Cup by the ICC and ESPNcricinfo. In the 2013–14 Ranji Trophy, he took 6/16 from 10 overs to bowl out Vidarbha for a meagre 88 in the first innings at the Roshanara Club Ground at Delhi. After recovering from the ankle injury that prevented him from playing for the Delhi Ranji Team in the 2007–08 season, Nehra joined the Indian Premier League and signed up for the Mumbai Indians franchise. For his performances in 2014 and 2015 for Chennai Super Kings, he was named in the ESPNcricinfo CLT20 XI. Coaching career In January 2018, Royal Challengers Bangalore appointed Nehra as their bowling coach. He retained his position for the 2019 IPL. In January 2022, he was appointed the head coach of newly formed Indian Premier League franchise Gujarat Titans. In the 2022 IPL season, Gujarat Titans finished top of the table and went on to win the trophy in the final against Rajasthan Royals. Nehra also became the first Indian head coach to win the Indian Premier League. References External links 1979 births Living people ACC Asian XI One Day International cricketers India Test cricketers India One Day International cricketers India Twenty20 International cricketers Indian cricketers Cricketers at the 2003 Cricket World Cup Cricketers at the 2011 Cricket World Cup Mumbai Indians cricketers Delhi Capitals cricketers Pune Warriors India cricketers Delhi cricketers North Zone cricketers India Green cricketers Cricketers from Delhi Chennai Super Kings cricketers Indian cricket coaches Cricketers who", "title": "Ashish Nehra" }, { "docid": "30826549", "text": "The final of the 2006 ICC Champions Trophy was played on 5 November 2006 between the West Indies and Australia at the Brabourne Stadium, Mumbai. Australia qualified into the final by defeating New Zealand in the first semi-final at the Punjab Cricket Association Stadium, Mohali on 1 November 2006. The West Indies made their way into the final after defeating South Africa in the second semi-final played at Sawai Mansingh Stadium, Jaipur on 2 November 2006. The match was interrupted by rain during the Australian innings. Australia won the final by 8 wickets applying Duckworth–Lewis method (D/L method), winning the Champions Trophy for the first time. Shane Watson earned the man of the match award for his performance in the match. Chris Gayle was named the man of the series for scoring 474 runs in the tournament. Australia were criticised by the Indian media for pushing the President of Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) and Minister in the Government of India, Sharad Pawar, off the dais. Route to the Final Semifinals The first semi final was played between Australia and New Zealand on 1 November 2006 at the Punjab Cricket Association Stadium, Mohali. Australia batted first and scored 240 runs for 9 wickets in 50 overs. Ricky Ponting and Andrew Symonds scored 58 runs each. Kyle Mills took four wickets for 38 runs in 10 overs. In the reply, New Zealand were all out for 206 runs in 46 overs with Daniel Vettori scoring 79 runs. Glenn McGrath, who took three wickets conceding 22 runs in 10 overs, was given man of the match award. West Indies played South Africa in the second semi-final on 2 November 2006 at the Sawai Mansingh Stadium, Jaipur, and defeated them by 6 wickets. South Africa scored 258 runs for eight wickets in 50 overs with Herschelle Gibbs scoring 77 runs. Dwayne Bravo took two wickets for 44 runs in seven overs. West Indies had lost four wickets before reaching the target in 44 overs. Their highest scorer Chris Gayle—133 runs not out from 135 balls—shared an opening partnership of 154 runs with Shivnarine Chanderpaul, who scored 57. South African bowler Robin Peterson conceded 36 runs in seven overs for taking one wicket. Gayle's performance earned him the man of the match award. Match Summary The final of the 2006 ICC Champions Trophy was played between Australia and West Indies Brabourne Stadium, Mumbai on 5 November 2006. West Indies batted first after winning the toss. Chanderpaul and Gayle opened the innings, shared a partnership of 49 runs in 5.1 overs. Chanderpaul scored 27 runs from 18 balls. Brett Lee, who was struck for a six and four fours by Chanderpaul, conceded 36 runs in his opening spell three overs. Gayle scored 37 runs from 27 balls hitting McGrath for 14 runs in three consecutive deliveries including two sixes. McGrath conceded 22 runs in his first two overs, but his next five overs cost just two runs for two wickets. Despite their", "title": "2006 ICC Champions Trophy final" }, { "docid": "33022110", "text": "The ICC Future Tours Programme (FTP) is a schedule of international cricket tours which structure the programme of cricket for International Cricket Council (ICC) full members, with an objective of each team playing each other at least once at home and once away over a period of 10 years. If the cricket boards of two individual countries reach an agreement, they can play more than two series. If a team does not want to travel to a particular country for a bilateral series due to security reasons, then, by the mutual agreement of the respective boards, that series can be shifted to a neutral venue such as United Arab Emirates or any other country where the facilities are deemed adequate. ICC Future Tours Programme (2018–2023) On 20 June 2018, the ICC announced new FTP starting from 2018 and ending in 2023. This FTP features the inaugural ICC World Test Championships in 2019–21 and 2021–23, consisting of the top 9 Test teams, and ODI Championship consisting of 13 teams. As per the new FTP, the 2021 Champions Trophy is to be replaced by a World T20 scheduled to be held in India, hence making the 2017 edition held in England to be the last one and making way for two back to back World T20s. Moreover, ICC has also granted Twenty20 International Status to all the 105 Members. ICC Future Tours Programme (2024–2031) On June 2, 2021, ICC published the new FTP of its global events for 8 years starting from 2024 and will be concluded with the 2031 World Test Championship final. Within this period two 50-over Cricket World Cup (2027, 2031) and four T20 World Cup (2024, 2026, 2028, 2030) will be played. The ICC Champions Trophy which was last played in 2017, was revived again and will be played twice in 2025 and 2029. As the ICC faced criticism for reducing the number of teams to only ten in the World Cup in 2019 and 2023, the apex body decided to increase the teams to 14 from the 2027 World Cup, like the 2015 edition. The ICC has also increased the number of teams to 20 for the ICC Men's T20 World Cup from 2024 edition. For Women's cricket, the ICC has increased the number of teams to from 8 to ten for the 50-over Women's Cricket World Cup, starting from 2029, though the 2025 edition will be played by eight teams. From the 2026 edition, the Women's T20 World Cup will be a twelve-team affair, being increased from ten. From 2027, the ICC has also planned to start a 6-team ICC Women's T20 Champions Cup at an interval of four years. In August 2022, ICC, for the first time, published the FTP for ten Women's team for 2022 to 2025 season, where more than 300 matches are to be played. In November 2021, the ICC published the list of hosts for all ICC tournaments for this 8-year cycle. In August 2022, ICC published the full FTP for", "title": "ICC Future Tours Programme" }, { "docid": "8449416", "text": "Shikhar Dhawan (born 5 December 1985) is an Indian cricketer. A left-handed opening batsman, he captains Punjab Kings in the Indian Premier League and plays for Delhi in first-class cricket. At the 2013 Champions Trophy and 2017 Champions Trophy, Dhawan was the leading run-scorer and was awarded the 'Golden Bat' in both the tournaments. He was the leading run scorer for India at the 2015 Cricket World Cup. He also became the first player in the history of IPL to score two back-to-back centuries. He was awarded the 'Player of the Tournament' for his exploits in the 2013 ICC Champions Trophy, which he won with his national side. In the 2018 Asia Cup which Dhawan won with his national side, he was named Player Of The Tournament as he was the top scorer of the tournament with the bat. Dhawan made his One Day International (ODI) debut against Australia in October 2010 at Visakhapatnam. His Test debut came against the same opposition in March 2013 at Mohali, where he scored the fastest century by any batsman on Test debut and ended his innings with 187 runs from 174 balls. In August 2013, Dhawan recorded the then-second-highest individual score in a List A match when he scored 248 runs off 150 balls for India A against South Africa A at Pretoria. During the 4th ODI against South Africa in Johannesburg, he became the first Indian and ninth overall to score a century in his 100th ODI game. On 14 June 2018, against Afghanistan, Dhawan became the sixth batsman, and the first for India, to score a century before lunch on day one of a Test. Early life Shikhar Dhawan was born on 5 December 1985 in Delhi, India, to Sunaina and Mahendra Pal Dhawan into a Punjabi family. He completed his schooling at St. Mark's Senior Secondary Public School in Meera Bagh, Delhi. Since the age of 12, he trained at Sonnet Club under the guidance of coach Tarak Sinha, who has trained 12 international cricketers. Dhawan was a wicket-keeper when he first joined the club. Early career Youth career Dhawan first played for Delhi Under-16s in the 1999/00 Vijay Merchant Trophy and was the leading run-scorer of the 2000/01 Vijay Merchant Trophy in which Delhi finished runners-up. He scored 755 runs from 9 innings at an average of 83.88 with two centuries and a top score of 199. Dhawan was selected in the North Zone Under-16s squad for the Vijay Hazare Trophy in February 2001. He scored 30 and 66 in the semifinal against South Zone. Dhawan's impressive performances for Delhi Under-16s were rewarded when he was picked in the India Under-17 squad for the 2000/01 ACC Under-17 Asia Cup. He played three games in the tournament averaging 85. Dhawan was subsequently drafted into the Delhi Under-19 team in October 2001, at the age of 15, for the Cooch Behar Trophy. In 2001/02 Vijay Merchant Trophy, Dhawan impressed once again with the bat by scoring 282 runs in 5 innings", "title": "Shikhar Dhawan" }, { "docid": "4387870", "text": "The Botswana national cricket team is the men's team that represents Botswana in international cricket. They have been an associate member of the International Cricket Council since 2005, after previously being an affiliate member since 2001 and an associate member in 2017. They are in Division Five of the World Cricket League and are ranked at joint 29th in the world by the International Cricket Council (ICC). They are the 5th-highest ranked non-Test team in the African region. The team's coach is former Kenyan ODI player Joseph Angara, who was appointed in July 2015. History Cricket was started in the country by expatriates from South Africa and the Indian subcontinent. Botswana was elected to the ICC as an affiliate member in 2001, and played in the Africa Cup in Zambia the following year. After winning all their first-round matches against Namibia, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe, they beat Kenya in the semi-final before losing by 270 runs to South Africa in the final. In March 2004, they won the African affiliates qualifying tournament for the 2005 ICC Trophy, qualifying them for the next stage of qualification, the Africa Cricket Association Championships. They beat Nigeria and Tanzania in that tournament in Zambia in August, finishing fourth, thus missing out on qualification for their first ICC Trophy. They were rewarded for their performance in this tournament by being promoted to associate membership of the ICC in 2005. In 2006, they took part in Division Two of the African region of the World Cricket League, finishing second behind Tanzania. This qualified them for Division Five of the World Cricket League. In May 2008, Botswana travelled to Jersey to take part in the Division Five tournament. Although Botswana beat the Bahamas in Group B, it was their only group stage win and with three losses and one match abandoned due to rain they failed to make the semi-finals. Botswana finished sixth overall after defeating Germany but losing to Singapore in positional playoff matches. With only the top two from this tournament qualifying for Division Four in Tanzania later in the year, Botswana missed out on the chance to take their 2011 World Cup dream any further. In October 2008, Botswana took part in Division Two of the African region of the World Cricket League, finishing unbeaten and winning the tournament. This victory promoted them to Division One of the Africa Region. In August 2009, Botswana travelled to Singapore to participate in Division Six of the World Cricket League. Despite being competitive in most of their games, Botswana won only one of five group matches and finished fifth after beating Norway in a positional playoff. In May 2011, Botswana hosted the ICC World Cricket League Division Seven with a young squad and performed admirably well, winning three league stage matches against Norway, Japan and Germany but losing out to eventual champions Kuwait, 2nd placed Nigeria and finally Germany in the placing match. The match versus Nigeria in the league stages was to decide which of the", "title": "Botswana national cricket team" }, { "docid": "49310367", "text": "The 2016 ICC World Twenty20 Final was played at the Eden Gardens in Kolkata on 3 April 2016 to determine the winners of the 2016 ICC World Twenty20 between England and the West Indies. The West Indies won the match by 4 wickets, thus becoming the first team to win the ICC World Twenty20 twice. The match recorded the highest attendance ever for an ICC World T20 Finals. Background Prior to the tournament, there were concerns that some of the West Indies players may withdraw from the tournament with a dispute over pay, with a possibility of a second-string team being sent. West Indies captain Darren Sammy had exchanged letters with the West Indies Cricket Board (WICB) expressing his concerns regarding the payment players were due to receive for taking part in the tournament. Sammy went on to say that \"...we want to play and will represent the West Indies to the best of our abilities\". Before this match England and the West Indies had played each other in two ICC finals – the final of the 1979 World Cup at Lord's and the final of the 2004 Champions Trophy final at the Oval – both of which the West Indies won. This was also the first final between two previous champions – England won the 2010 World T20 for their first ICC world championship while the West Indies won the 2012 World T20. Both teams were drawn into Super 10s Group 1 alongside Afghanistan, Sri Lanka and South Africa. They played each other in their opening game on 16 March at the Wankhede Stadium in Mumbai, with the West Indies winning by six wickets with 11 balls to spare. West Indian opener Chris Gayle scored an unbeaten 100 runs off 47 balls, including 11 sixes, becoming the first player to hit two T20 International centuries. Immediately before the men's final, the West Indies won the women's tournament with an eight-wicket victory over three-time defending champions Australia, also at Eden Gardens, which gave them the chance to be the first to win both the men's and women's World Twenty20 on the same day. Road to the Final England Despite having been the 2010 World T20 champions, England had not advanced past the group stage of the previous year's World Cup and had included only one member of their 2010 champion squad – Irish-born batsman and captain Eoin Morgan. Despite selecting a relatively inexperienced team, England did include players who had World Cup experience and had won Ashes series. They were also in the midst of a limited overs overhaul that eventually brought them victory in the 2019 World Cup on home soil, with members who eventually played in both tournaments including batsmen Joe Root and Jason Roy, all-rounder Ben Stokes, wicketkeeper Jos Buttler, fast bowler Liam Plunkett and leg-spinner Adil Rashid. After their loss to the West Indies, England beat South Africa with the highest successful run chase (229) in World T20 history before beating Afghanistan and then Sri Lanka", "title": "2016 ICC World Twenty20 final" }, { "docid": "6762737", "text": "The Indonesia national cricket team is the men's team that represents the country of Indonesia in international cricket. Cricket in Indonesia is governed by Cricket Indonesia (formerly the Indonesia Cricket Foundation). Cricket Indonesia became an affiliate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) in 2001 and an associate member in 2017. Cricket Indonesia is charged with the promotion and development of cricket in Indonesia, and is a member of the ICC East Asia-Pacific (EAP) development region. In 2006, the organisation announced their intention to join the Asian Cricket Council (ACC), and were originally included in the draw for the ACC Trophy, although their ACC membership application was rejected and they did not take part in the tournament. Indonesia was admitted to the ACC in January 2024. The Indonesian national team made its international debut in 2002, at a tournament in Perth, Australia, that also included Japan and South Korea. The team's first ICC event was the 2005 EAP Cup in Vanuatu, where it placed fifth out of six teams. Indonesia has since regularly participated in EAP regional tournaments. At 2014 EAP Championship, the most recent such event, Indonesia placed seventh out of eight teams, in front of only the Cook Islands. In April 2018, the ICC decided to grant full Twenty20 International (T20I) status to all its members. Therefore, all Twenty20 matches played between Indonesia and other ICC members after 1 January 2019 have the full T20I status. The current Indonesia women's national cricket team is ranked 21st in the world while the Men's are 56th as of April 2023. History 21st century Since the Indonesian Cricket Foundation (now Cricket Indonesia) was formed in 2000, Indonesia have played in several regional tournaments in the East Asia-Pacific region. Including the East-Asia Pacific Challenge in 2004, and in the 2005 ICC EAP Cricket Cup. In August 2017, Indonesia Men's team won a bronze medal in the 20-over tournament in cricket at the 2017 Southeast Asian Games. They also played in the 50-over tournament, but lost all four matches (including to Myanmar, giving that country its first victory in international cricket). In February 2023, it was announced that Indonesia and Japan would be included in Asian Cricket Council (ACC) pathway events, while remaining in the ICC East Asia-Pacific development region. Indonesia was formally admitted to ACC membership in January 2024, along with Japan. Grounds Tournaments ACC Challenger Cup 2024: 6th place World Cricket League EAP region 2005: ICC EAP Cricket Cup 5th 2007: ICC EAP Cricket Trophy 6th 2009: ICC EAP Cricket Trophy Division Two 5th 2011: ICC EAP Cricket Trophy Division Two 6th 2018: 2018–19 ICC T20 World Cup East Asia-Pacific Qualifier Records International Match Summary — Indonesia Last updated 6 May 2024 Twenty20 Internationals Highest team total: 192/7 v. Cambodia on 21 November 2023 at Udayana Cricket Ground, Jimbaran. Highest individual score: 71, Padmakar Surve v. Thailand on 1 May 2024 at Udayana Cricket Ground, Jimbaran. Best individual bowling figures: 4/12, Ketut Artawan v. Japan on 11 October 2022 at Sano", "title": "Indonesia national cricket team" }, { "docid": "462001", "text": "Ricky Thomas Ponting (born 19 December 1974) is an Australian cricket coach, commentator, and former cricketer. Widely regarded as one of the greatest batsmen of all time, Ponting was captain of the Australian national team between 2004 and 2011 in Test cricket and 2002 and 2011 in One Day Internationals (ODIs) and is the most successful captain in international cricket history, with 220 victories in 324 matches with a winning rate of 67.91%. He stands third in the list of cricketers by number of international centuries scored. He holds the record for winning most ICC tournaments as a captain in Men's Cricket. Under his Captaincy Australia won the 2003 and 2007 Cricket World Cups and 2006 and 2009 Champions Trophies. He was also a member of the Australian team that won the 1999 Cricket World Cup. Domestically, Ponting played for his home state of Tasmania as well as Tasmania's Hobart Hurricanes in Australia's domestic Twenty20 competition, the Big Bash League. He played as a specialist right-handed batsman, an excellent slip fielder, as well as a very occasional bowler. He led Australia to their second 5–0 Ashes win as well as victory at the 2003 and 2007 Cricket World Cups and was also a member of the 1999 World Cup winning team under Steve Waugh. He led Australia to consecutive ICC Champions Trophy victory in 2006 and 2009. Combative and at times a controversial captain, statistically he is one of the most successful Test captains of all time, with 48 victories in 77 Tests between 2004 and 31 December 2010. As a player, Ponting is the only cricketer in history to be involved in 100 Test victories and was involved in the most ODI victories as a player, with 262 wins, having played in over 160 Tests and 370 ODIs. A prolific batter, Ponting is Australia's leading run-scorer in Test and ODI cricket. He was named \"Cricketer of the Decade 2000\" was named in the country's best Ashes XI in a Cricket Australia poll in 2017 and in July 2018 he was inducted into the ICC Hall of Fame. He is the current assistant coach of the Australian national men's cricket team, having been appointed to the role in February 2019. Ponting announced his retirement from Test cricket in November 2012, the day before playing in his final Test against South Africa; this was his 168th and last Test appearance, equalling the Australian record held by Steve Waugh. He retired with a Test batting average of 51.85, although he continued to play cricket around the world until 2013. 1974–1995: Early life Birth and personal life Born in Launceston, Tasmania, on 19 December 1974, Ricky Ponting is the eldest of Graeme and Lorraine Ponting's 3 children. Graeme was \"a good club cricketer\" and played Australian rules football, while Lorraine was a state vigoro champion. His uncle Greg Campbell played Test cricket for Australia in 1989 and 1990. Ponting's parents first lived in Prospect south of city centre; however, they moved into the", "title": "Ricky Ponting" }, { "docid": "6988741", "text": "The Qatar national cricket team is the team that represents Qatar in international cricket. The team is organised by the Qatar Cricket Association, which became an affiliate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) in 1999 and an associate member in 2017. Qatar made its international debut in 1979, at an invitational tournament that also included Bahrain, Kuwait, and Sharjah (one of the United Arab Emirates). The team's first Asian Cricket Council (ACC) event was the 2002 ACC Trophy in Singapore. For a period during the 2000s, Qatar was one of the top-ranked non-Test teams in Asia – at the 2004 ACC Trophy, the team placed fourth. However, a few years later it was relegated to the second-division ACC events. Qatar made its first and only World Cricket League (WCL) appearance at the 2017 ICC World Cricket League Division Five event in South Africa. It placed third, enough to secure the team a place in the new 2019–21 ICC Cricket World Cup Challenge League. History International competition Qatar's international debut came in 2002 at the ACC Trophy, where they failed to progress beyond the first round. A major improvement came in the next tournament in 2004 when they came fourth. This qualified them for the final pre-qualifying tournament for the 2005 ICC Trophy, played in Malaysia in early 2005. They finished fourth in that tournament, thereby dropping off the road to qualification to the 2007 World Cup. They once again competed at the ACC Trophy in 2006, this time finishing in eighth place. They will play in the new Champions division of that tournament in 2008. 2018–present In April 2018, the ICC decided to grant full Twenty20 International (T20I) status to all its members. Therefore, all Twenty20 matches played between Qatar and other ICC members after 1 January 2019 will be a full T20I. Qatar made its Twenty20 International debut on 21 January 2019, defeating Saudi Arabia by 4 wickets in the 2019 ACC Western Region T20 at Al Emarat Cricket Stadium, Muscat, Oman. Tournament history Asia Cup Qualifier ACC Western Region T20 ACC Trophy World Cricket League ACC Twenty20 Cup ACC Men's Premier Cup Youth cricket Qatar have fielded sides in regional competition at Under 15, Under 17 and Under 19 levels. Under 15s The Qatar Under 15 team competed in Asia Cup tournaments in 2002, 2005 and 2006. They failed to progress beyond the first round on all occasions. Even after losing just one game (against Oman) in the group stage of the 2006 competition, they were not allowed to play in the semi-finals as they did not abide by the qualification rules. Under 17s The Qatar Under 17 team competed in the Asia Cup for the first time in 2004, where they did not progress past the first round. In 2005, they reached the quarter-finals. Under 19s The Under 19 team has participated in Asia Cup tournaments in 2001, 2003 and 2005, reaching the semi-finals on the 2003 & 2005 editions. In the 2001 they came runner", "title": "Qatar national cricket team" }, { "docid": "7133440", "text": "The ICC 6 Nations Challenge was a cricket tournament played every two years between 2000 and 2004. It was a tournament involving the best associate members of the International Cricket Council, who were joined in the first two tournaments by A teams from Zimbabwe (2000+2002) and Sri Lanka (2002 only). Its place has been taken in the international cricket calendar by the ICC World Cricket League Championship (initially known as World Cricket League Division One), which performs the same function. 2000 Tournament The 2000 tournament was played in Harare, Zimbabwe, the hosts being represented by Zimbabwe A. They were joined by Kenya, and four European teams; Denmark, Ireland, The Netherlands and Scotland. It was then known as the ICC Emerging Nations tournament, and was won by Kenya. 2002 Tournament The 2002 tournament was held in Windhoek, Namibia in April. Its purpose was to prepare the four associate teams for the 2003 Cricket World Cup. To this end, those four teams (Canada, Kenya, Namibia and the Netherlands) were joined by A teams from Zimbabwe and Sri Lanka. The tournament was again won by Kenya, who beat Sri Lanka A in the final. Points Table Final The final between Sri Lanka A and Kenya was played on 14 April 2002. Kenya won the toss and elected to field first. Sri Lanka were dismissed for 211. Jehan Mubarak top scored with 82, and Steve Tikolo was the pick of the Kenyan bowlers with 3/29. Kenya lost seven wickets in pursuit of their target, but still reached it in the 48th over for the three wicket win. The Final was Umpired by Rudi Koertzen of South Africa and Zimbabwean Duncan Frost with Jeff Luck of Namibia serving as 3rd Umpire. 2004 Tournament The 2004 tournament was held in Sharjah and Dubai in the United Arab Emirates. It served as a qualification tournament for the 2004 ICC Champions Trophy. With Kenya busy on a tour of the West Indies, the top five teams from the 2001 ICC Trophy (Canada, Namibia, Netherlands, Scotland and the UAE were joined by the USA. The USA went on to win the tournament and qualify for the Champions Trophy. It was a close tournament, with five teams all winning three games and losing two, the USA topped the table on net run rate by a tiny margin of 0.028. See also World Cricket League References External links Cricket Archive page on 2000 tournament Cricket Archive page on 2002 tournament Cricket Archive page on 2004 tournament One Day International cricket competitions Six Nations Challenge Recurring sporting events established in 2000 Recurring sporting events disestablished in 2004 Biennial sporting events", "title": "ICC Six Nations Challenge" }, { "docid": "3379941", "text": "The West Indies men's cricket team, nicknamed The Windies, is a men's cricket team representing the West Indies—a group of mainly English-speaking countries and territories in the Caribbean region—and administered by Cricket West Indies. The players on this composite team are selected from a chain of fifteen Caribbean nation-states and territories. , the West Indies cricket team is ranked eighth in Tests, and tenth in ODIs and seventh in T20Is in the official ICC rankings. From the mid-late 1970s to the early 1990s, the West Indies team was the strongest in the world in both Test and One Day International cricket. A number of cricketers who were considered among the best in the world have hailed from the West Indies: 21 of these have been inducted into the ICC Cricket Hall of Fame. The West Indies have won the ICC Cricket World Cup twice (1975 and 1979, when it was styled the Prudential Cup), the ICC T20 World Cup twice (2012 and 2016, when it was styled World Twenty20), the ICC Champions Trophy once (2004), the ICC Under 19 Cricket World Cup once (2016), and have also finished as runners-up in the Cricket World Cup (1983), the Under 19 Cricket World Cup (2004), and the ICC Champions Trophy (2006). The West Indies appeared in three consecutive World Cup finals (1975, 1979 and 1983), and were the first team to win back-to-back World Cups (1975 and 1979), both of these records have been surpassed only by Australia, who appeared in 4 consecutive World Cup Finals (1996, 1999, 2003 and 2007) winning three consecutive World Cups (1999, 2003 and 2007). The West Indies have hosted the 2007 Cricket World Cup and the 2010 ICC World Twenty20, and will co-host (with the United States of America) the 2024 ICC T20 World Cup. Member states and dependencies The current team represents: Sovereign states L W W L L W W Constituent country of the L Overseas Territories of the L L L Territory of the L Note Affiliates in Cricket West Indies Cricket West Indies, the governing body of the team, consists of the six cricket associations of Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica, the Leeward Islands, they are now getting Trinidad and Tobago, and the Windward Islands. The Leeward Islands Cricket Association consists of three cricket associations from two sovereign states (one from Antigua and Barbuda, and two from Saint Kitts and Nevis), three British Overseas Territories (Anguilla, the British Virgin Islands, and Montserrat), one U.S. territory (the U.S. Virgin Islands), and one Dutch constituent country (Sint Maarten). The Windward Islands Cricket Board of Control consists of associations of four sovereign states (Dominica, Grenada, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines). Two more British Overseas Territories in the region that have once been historical parts of the former West Indies Federation, the Cayman Islands and the Turks and Caicos Islands, have their own national teams currently. National teams also exist for the various islands, which, as they are all separate countries, very much keep their", "title": "West Indies cricket team" }, { "docid": "54291264", "text": "This is a list of warm-up matches for the 2017 ICC Champions Trophy. The matches took place at two of the grounds to be used for the main tournament (Edgbaston and The Oval) between 26–30 May 2017. England and South Africa played a bilateral ODI series at the same time so did not take part, leaving each of the other 6 qualified teams to play the other 2 teams not in their Champions Trophy group. These warm-up matches had rules that were slightly different from normal, so are not recognised as ODIs. A team could use up to 15 players in a match, but only 11 could bat (or field at any one time) in each innings. Matches References 2017 ICC Champions Trophy", "title": "2017 ICC Champions Trophy warm-up matches" } ]	[ "Pakistan" ]
train_45948	when does my friend dahmer movie come out on netflix	[ { "docid": "51180285", "text": "My Friend Dahmer is a 2017 American biographical psychological drama film written and directed by Marc Meyers about American serial killer Jeffrey Dahmer. The film is based on the 2012 graphic novel of the same name by cartoonist John \"Derf\" Backderf, who had been friends with Dahmer in high school in the 1970s, until the time Dahmer began his killing spree in 1978. The film stars Ross Lynch as Dahmer, Alex Wolff as Derf, Dallas Roberts as Jeffrey's father, and Anne Heche as Jeffrey's mother. The film premiered at the 2017 Tribeca Film Festival and was released in the United States on November 3, 2017, by Hulu. The film received generally positive reviews, with critics praising the historical accuracy and Lynch's performance. Plot In 1974, Jeffrey Dahmer is a high school freshman living in Bath, Ohio, with his parents, Lionel and Joyce, and his younger brother Dave. Jeffrey develops an obsession with a male jogger he sees every day from his school bus. As a hobby, he collects dead animals that he dissolves to the bone using chemicals from his father, who is a chemist. This hobby is initiated by his obsessive interest in how animals are \"fitted together\". In 1978, Lionel trashes Jeffrey's collection of bones and orders him to make friends at school. During school, Jeffrey imitates the speech and gestures of his mother's interior designer (who has cerebral palsy), catching the attention of aspiring artist John \"Derf\" Backderf and his friends. Jeffrey inspires Derf to draw him in various situations; drawings that would later be incorporated into Derf's graphic novel My Friend Dahmer. Derf and his friends form the \"Dahmer Fan Club,\" using Jeffrey for a variety of pranks (known as “Doing a Dahmer”) such as sneaking him in every yearbook photo, and conning their way to a meeting with Vice President Walter Mondale during a school field trip to Washington, D.C. Joyce starts relapsing into chronic mental illness, leading to increasingly bitter fights between her and Lionel. To cope, Jeffrey turns to drinking heavily, and begins killing animals. The jogger with whom he is obsessed turns out to be Dr. Matthews, the physician of one of Derf's friends. Jeffrey fakes a cold so that he can get an appointment with him, and he can examine Jeffrey naked. Dr. Matthews becomes uncomfortable when he notices that Jeffrey has an erection. At home, Jeffrey masturbates to the incident and fantasizes about having sex with Dr. Matthews' corpse. He starts stalking Dr. Matthews with a baseball bat, but never goes through with attacking him. Jeffrey's father moves out. Jeffrey makes attempts to stay connected to his friends but ultimately drifts away from them. At graduation, Lionel hands Jeffrey the keys to the family Volkswagen Beetle which he would later use to commit his first murder. Unbeknownst to Lionel, Joyce leaves Ohio to live with relatives in Wisconsin, taking Dave with her and leaving Jeffrey completely alone. That evening, Derf spots Jeffrey walking home with blood on his fingernails. Derf", "title": "My Friend Dahmer (film)" } ]	[ { "docid": "18803486", "text": "My Friend Dahmer is a 2012 graphic novel and memoir by artist John \"Derf\" Backderf about his teenage friendship with Jeffrey Dahmer, who later became a serial killer. The book evolved from a 24-page, self-published version by Backderf in 2002. Background Shortly after Backderf learned about Dahmer's crimes, he met two of his friends, Mike Kukral and Neil, all of whom had befriended Dahmer in school. With the new information regarding Dahmer's fate, many of his odd behaviors in adolescence seemed to make sense. Backderf recorded some of the stories shared in his sketchbook, which would serve as the beginning of My Friend Dahmer. He started focusing on writing the stories in 1994 following Dahmer's death. Because Backderf worked at Akron Beacon Journal, he also had access to much information about Dahmer's crimes before they became public knowledge, which, combined with his personal history with Dahmer, put him in a perfect situation to shed light on him. When Backderf initially began creating the comics, he thought of them as a series of mini-comics or as an anthology told from his own perspective. Later, he returned to their high school for a more in-depth, journalistic approach wherein he collected information via interviews and FBI files. In 1997, My Friend Dahmer was first released in the comic anthology Zero Zero #18 (Fantagraphics, July 1997). Backderf, wanting to write a full-length work, began writing publication proposals using a single chapter; publishers often shied away from the subject matter, fearing the gore associated with Dahmer. Therefore, in 2002, he self-published the work as a 24-page comic. After twenty years of background research, Backderf drafted the full manuscript in two weeks, and publishers became interested in the story. The final, full-length book was published by Abrams Books in 2012. Plot The novel depicts the author's teenage friendship with Jeffrey Dahmer, who later became an infamous serial killer, during his time at Eastview Junior High and Revere High School. The story follows Dahmer from age 12 up to, but not including, his first murder, two weeks after high school graduation. Derf, while not excusing or forgiving Dahmer's crimes, presents an empathetic portrait of Dahmer as a lonely young man tormented by inner demons, ridiculed by bullies at school, and neglected by the adults in his life. The graphic novel recalls Dahmer's isolation, his binge drinking, his bizarre behavior to get attention, and his disturbing fascination with roadkill. Backderf and his friends encouraged Dahmer to act out, including faking epileptic seizures in school and the mall and pretending to have cerebral palsy. Style One of Backderf's techniques was drawing Dahmer in shadow as a representation of his personality. Adaptations The original self-published comic book was adapted and staged as a one-act play by the NYU Theater Department. In 2017, the novel was adapted into a film directed by Marc Meyers and starring Ross Lynch as Jeffrey Dahmer. On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an 86% rating based on 88 reviews, with an average", "title": "My Friend Dahmer" }, { "docid": "72517922", "text": "Far From Home is a drama television series and the first Nigerian series on Netflix. The series, written by Dami Elebe and produced by Inkblot productions premiered on Netflix on December 16, 2022. The five-part series stars Mike Afolarin, Richard Mofe-Damijo, Bimbo Akintola, Carol King, Adesua Etomi, Funke Akindele, Bolanle Ninalowo, Genoveva Umeh, Natse Jemide and a host of others. Synopsis Ishaya Bello (Mike Afolarin) is a talented but poor teenager struggling to pursue his dream of becoming an artist. Luck shines on him when he stumbles on the rare opportunity to win a scholarship to the elite Wilmer Academy, although he is only interested in using the scholarship grant to fund his trip to London where he has been offered an apprenticeship with established artist Essien (Deyemi Okanlawon). After his mother Patricia (Funke Akindele) spends his hard-earned savings on her ailing husband, Ishaya Senior (Paul Adams) without their son's consent, thus putting paid to his ambition, Ishaya steals from the nightclub where he works as a waiter. To avoid being murdered by cartel boss Oga Rambo (Bolanle Ninalowo), he offers to peddle MDMA to the Wilmer students, although once again he is nearly killed for using Rambo's second-in-command Government's (Bucci Franklin) supply. While masquerading as a student, Ishaya's illicit manoeuvring leads to further chaos in Wilmer, at home, and within the cartel hierarchy. After his sister is kidnapped by Rambo's gang, they carry out a similar move with Ishaya's school friend, Frank (Emeka Nwagbaraocha), which leaves him traumatised. Rambo then attacks Wilmer Academy, which leads to more trouble for Ishaya and his family. Selected cast Mike Afolarin as Ishaya Bello Elma Mbadiwe as Carmen Wilmer-Willoughby Genoveva Umeh as Zina Bolanle Ninalowo as Oga Rambo Bucci Franklin as Government Natse Jemide as Reggie Richard Mofe-Damijo as Feyi Wilmer-Willoughby Bimbo Akintola as Mabel Wilmer-Willoughby Funke Akindele as Patricia Bello Paul Adams as Ishaya Bello Snr Olumide Oworu as Atlas Adesua Etomi as Mrs Irurhe Tomi Ojo as Rahila Linda Ejiofor as Mrs Abubakar Carol King as Principal Gemade Gbubemi Ejeye as Adufe Richard Tanksley as Mr. Boyle Deyemi Okanlawon as Essien Ruby Okezie as Nnenna Episodes Production and release Far From Home produced by Inkblot Productions is the First Nigerian Young Adult (YA) Netflix Original series also doubles as the first young adult genre coming out of West Africa. The premiere of the movie held in Lagos on 14 December 2022 and it featured host of celebrities in attendance. References Nigerian English-language television shows Netflix original programming Nigerian drama television series Television shows set in Lagos", "title": "Far From Home (TV series)" }, { "docid": "72068391", "text": "The Vigil is a 1998 comedy film about a group of young people who travel from Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada to Seattle in the United States to attend the memorial vigil for Nirvana band leader Kurt Cobain in 1994. It stars Donny Lucas and Trevor White. Background Kurt Cobain who was the singer and guitarist of American rock band Nirvana committed suicide in April 1994. A memorial vigil was held for him on April 10, 1994, at the Seattle Center in Seattle, Washington. According to British music newspaper Melody Maker the vigil was attended by 5,000 people aged 12 to 45. According to British music newspaper NME it was attended by 10,000 people. According to Michael Azerrad's 1994 extended chapter edition of his book Come as You Are: The Story of Nirvana it was attended by 7,000 people. Synopsis After the suicide of Kurt Cobain a group of friends are inspired to borrow a Winnebago and travel from Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada to the Kurt Cobain memorial vigil in Seattle, Washington. The two main characters Simon (Damon Johnson) and Nick (Donny Lucas) are both vegetarians who work at the same hamburger shop. In their spare time they socialize with their friends at a diner where they discuss the Seattle grunge scene and in particular Cobain's band Nirvana. The group of five set off and on their way pick up a punk rocker hitchhiker. As time goes on tensions rise between the group. The film was directed by Justin MacGregor. MacGregor stated that: a lot of my friends felt compelled to hold their own vigils after they heard the news from Seattle ... I felt compelled to tell this story ... and I wanted to do it independently ... before it became a Hollywood film ... made by people who didn't understand why it mattered to so many of us in the first place. Reception A review by nirvanadiscography.com stated that as the film does not contain any of Nirvana's music it does not have much relevance to the band. A retrospective review by Rolling Stone also noted that the film does not include Cobain or any of Nirvana's music. A 2014 retrospective review of the film by Jennifer Otter Bickerdike was more positive, stating that although it was a low-budget film it still manages to capture and celebrate what other films about Cobain fail to do: \"the power of music to build and sustain community in a truly authentic way\" and that \"The Vigil succeeds in illustrating the inherent solace art can provide when other means of redemption have failed\". The film has been available on Netflix. Related In April 1994 a real life mini-documentary was filmed at Cobain's vigil and it was titled Stupid Club. Its title comes from when in the wake of Cobain's death his mother said \"Now he's gone and joined that stupid club, I told him not to join that stupid club\". This was in reference to the 27 Club – mostly of popular musicians, artists, actors,", "title": "The Vigil (1998 film)" }, { "docid": "60109870", "text": "My Two Loves is a 1986 American made-for-television romantic drama film directed by Noel Black starring Mariette Hartley and Lynn Redgrave. It is considered groundbreaking for its portrayal of bisexuality and lesbianism on network television in the United States. Plot Gail Springer, a recently widowed single mother, takes a job as a chef. Her late husband's divorced friend Ben is attempting to woo her, but her daughter does not approve. When her boss Marjorie confesses that she is gay, Gail enters into a relationship with her, but Gail's mother does not approve. Cast Mariette Hartley as Gail Springer Lynn Redgrave as Marjorie Lloyd Barry Newman as Ben Sada Thompson as Dorothea Sara Inglis as Amy Springer Robert Sean Leonard as Larry Taylor Eve Roberts as Dr. Hoffman Arturo Tamaez as John Thee Swan as Martha Rachel Fey as Instructress Ray Liberto as Melon Seller Edwin Neal as Telephone Man Diane Perella as Teacher Lee Connally as Flower Vendor Celia Newman as Cheerleader James Patrick Lockett as Man at Zoo Travis McGehee as Boy at Zoo Production My Two Loves was filmed on location in San Antonio, Texas. When Alvin Cooperman decided to produce it, San Antonio was going to double for St. Louis. After a week Cooperman rewrote the script and made the location San Antonio. Broadcast The film aired on ABC at 9:00 p.m. Eastern Time on April 7, 1986. Reception Hal Erickson of Allmovie called the film \"groundbreaking\" and gave it 2.5/5 stars, writing, \"What made this film unique (at least when it initially aired over the ABC network on April 7, 1986) is that one of Gail's amours is her late husband's business partner Ben Taylor (Barry Newman)--while the other is Gail's female best friend, Marjorie Lloyd (Lynn Redgrave).\" He went on to call the film \"Impeccably tasteful in its treatment of a potential volatile subject, and refreshingly honest and uncompromising at its conclusion.\" Jeff Jarvis of People gave the film a C−, writing, \"This movie deals with just one fact of life: bisexuality.\" He continued, \"Mariette and Lynn are an item, but you’d never know they’re in love from the way they act. There’s no passion between them. There’s no life anywhere in My Two Loves. In the end the movie looks like the life story of mannequins.\" LGBT significance The films significance as an early television portrayal of a lesbian relationship is noted by Gene Elder of outinusa.com, who writes, \"This was in January 1986, and at a time when we were still referring to ourselves as the GL community–shortly adding the B to become the GLB community. The T was to come much later.\" The Fort Walton Beach Playground Daily News ran an article with the headline \"Lynn Redgrave enjoys challenging roles\" on Saturday, April 5, 1986 The News-Press of Fort Myers, Florida ran an article with the headline \"ABC tackles once-taboo subject of bisexuality\" on Sunday, April 6, 1986. Several newspapers ran articles about the film's subject matter. The Dayton Daily News of", "title": "My Two Loves" }, { "docid": "63478713", "text": "Sarah Desjardins (born 15 July 1994) is a Canadian actress. She starred in the Hub miniseries Clue (2011), the YouTube Premium series Impulse (2018–2019), and the Netflix thriller The Night Agent (2023–). She also had recurring roles in the first season of the Syfy horror series Van Helsing (2016), the last four parts of the Netflix spy series Project MC2 (2016–2017), the fourth season of The CW series Riverdale (2019–2020), and the Showtime series Yellowjackets (2021–). Early life Desjardins was born and raised in Vancouver, British Columbia, and she has one younger brother. Desjardins knew she wanted to act from a young age and upon expressing interest in acting at age six, her parents got her an agent. However, realizing the work that would be involved including the expenses, travel, and line memorization, they pulled her out and encouraged her to pursue it if she was still interested when she got older. In high school, Desjardins decided to try acting again and got headshots and an agent. Career Desjardins first role was in 2011 in Magic Beyond Words, a made-for-TV movie about the life of J.K. Rowling where Desjardins portrays a younger version of Rowling's sister Diane. As well, Desjardins has guest starred in numerous shows such as Supernatural and Imaginary Mary. Desjardins has also starred in numerous made-for-TV movies, including the 2016 TV movie Unleashing Mr. Darcy, in which she portrayed Zara Darcy in a modern remake of Pride and Prejudice. In 2017, she starred in the Drink, Slay, Love, a Lifetime movie about teenage vampires. In 2016, she had a recurring role in Van Helsing, a post-apocalyptic show about a woman who can turn vampires human. Desjardins finds herself playing Catherine, a character who comes in with a group of refugees and takes a younger girl, Callie, under her wing. That same year, she began a recurring role on the Netflix series Project MC2. In the series she portrays Maddy McAlister, the older sister to main character McKeyla, who, along with her friends, is recruited to join a spy organization and use STEM to save the day. Her character is a top spy agent and must figure out whether her sister has crossed over into the dark side. She describes her character as having two sides, both loving and supportive as well as cold and sinister. In December 2016, it was announced that Desjardins would star in Impulse, a show on YouTube Premium about a 16-year-old girl named Henry who can teleport. The series is set in the same universe as the 2008 science-fiction film Jumper and is based on the 2013 book of the same name by Steven Gould. Initially auditioning for the lead role of Henrietta \"Henry\" Coles, Desjardins instead plays her soon-to-be stepsister, Jenna, whom she grows close to after finding out she was sexually assaulted by a classmate. Desjardins describes her character as multifaceted, being both a popular girl and Henry's confidante after her assault. As well, she describes Jenna as someone who doesn't", "title": "Sarah Desjardins" }, { "docid": "20579750", "text": "Pavitra Papi () is a 1970 Indian Hindi-language drama film directed by Rajendra Bhatia. The film stars Balraj Sahni, Parikshit Sahni and Tanuja. The movie was based on a Punjabi novel by famous writer Nanak Singh. Plot It is small-town India of the 19th century. Pannalal is employed in a clock repair shop owned by Lala Attarchand. He is replaced by Kedarnath, who has some old family bonds with Lala Attarchand, and who has come to town from his village in search of exactly this work, because his ancestors were in the same business (clock-making). Upon losing his job, Pannalal curses Kedarnath as being the cause of his family becoming destitute. He writes a letter to Kadarnath saying that \"your actions have driven me to death because I cannot support my family or get my daughters married.\" Pannalal then disappears from the scene, after telling his wife that he is going to a far-off city in order to meet an old friend and raise money. Kedarnath, who has received the suicide note, is convinced that Pannalal has committed suicide after telling his wife a comforting story. He is consumed by guilt. He goes out of his way to help Pannalal's wife Maya and their two daughters, Veena and Vidya. He rents a room in their house, writes letters to Maya which are delivered to her as if they have come from Pannalal, and these letters also contain money. As a helpful tenant, he does a lot of work around the house, and also helps Veena with her school-work. He falls in love with her, but her feelings are not properly known. Maya tells Kedarnath of one big concern in her life: Veena's marriage was already arranged by Pannalal, and now the boy's family are trying to wiggle out of the engagement, perhaps because the Pannalal family is now quite poor. The boy's parents are saying that they can no longer wait for Pannalal to return with funds, their boy is growing older by the day, and they will now look elsewhere. Kedarnath hides his feelings for Veena and helps in expediting in her marriage with the son of Daulatram. When Maya tells him that she does not have enough money to pay for the marriage expenses, he steals cash from his employer, and tells Maya that the money has come from Pannalal. He then goes away from the village. Veena's in-laws turn out to be rogues, except for her father-in-law, who counsels his family that they should not torture their daughter-in-law this way. Meanwhile, Pannalal, who is in fact alive, returns to his family. Hearing that his daughter is already married to the person with whom he had arranged the marriage, he proceeds to Veena's marital home to visit her. Here, he finds that his daughter is living in a miserable condition. He brings her back to his own house. Kedar, who now lives in Delhi, regularly sends money orders to repay his debt to Lala Attarchand. Pannalal finds out", "title": "Pavitra Paapi" }, { "docid": "68867655", "text": "Swallow is a 2021 Nigerian film directed by Kunle Afolayan, written by Sefi Atta and starring Niyola, Deyemi Okanlawon, Chioma Chukwuka Akpotha and Ijeoma Grace Agu. It was released on 1 October 2021, by Netflix. Plot Swallow is an adaptation of the book by the same name written by Nigerian author Seffi Atta. It follows the life of Tolani Ajao played by Niyola and her friend Rose played by Ijeoma Grace Agu. They are friends and roommates who work in the same bank. Rose’s Boss Mr. Lamidi Salako is a very promiscuous man who abuses his power to harass his secretary. No one can stand up to him as he has the personnel department in his grip. He fires Rose because she refuses to be continuously harassed by him, and specifically asks for Tolani as replacement. As predicted by Rose, he harasses Tolani too, who files a complaint in response to his memo accusing her of insubordination. Her complaint is refused by Ignatius in Personnel for his fear of ruining Mr. Salako's image as a married man. Mr. Salako later suspends Tolani when she asks for a vacation, of which she is rightfully due. Rose meets ‘OC’ played by Kelvin Ikeduba an American returnee who introduces her to the world of drug trafficking. She tries to get a defeated Tolani to join her, and almost does when her boyfriend Sanwo played by Deyemi Okanlawon is swindled of all her savings she borrowed him to start a business. In the end, Rose travels alone to London after swallowing the drugs, but they burst in her stomach mid flight, killing her. Tolani moves back to the village, where Sanwo comes looking for her and tells her that her boss Mr. Salako was suspended by Personnel. He also tells her about his new job at a consulting firm and returns her money. Cast Niyola as Tolani Ajao Deyemi Okanlawon as Sanwo Chioma Chukwuka Akpotha as Mama Chidi Ijeoma Grace Agu as Rose Adamson Mercy Aigbe as Violet Omotunde Adebowale David as Franka Kelvin Ikeduba as O.C. Frank Donga Eniola Badmus as Mrs Durojaiye Production The Screenplay for the novel's adaptation was co-written by Sefi-Atta, the author herself, a playwright, and Kunle Afolayan. Principal Photography took place in Ibadan, Oyo State. Reception Afolayan received knocks for his use of singers in the lead role of his movies. A reviewer for Pulse Nigeria said \"Afolayan has a good eye for art direction and is an all round impeccable producer. In 'Swallow', he brandishes his expertise with the portrayal of the fashion, language and events (sometimes monotonous) of the era that the film is set. The screenplay, on the other hand, barely does justice to the literary piece. Though supervised by Atta, 'Swallow' the film feels choppy, missing out on the juices that make the novel stand out.\" Grace Agu received praise from the reviewer for her role as Rose. A reviewer for Premium Times praised the set designers for their attention to detail and also", "title": "Swallow (2021 film)" }, { "docid": "72370646", "text": "Conversations with a Killer: The Jeffrey Dahmer Tapes is a limited true crime docuseries created and directed by Joe Berlinger for Netflix. It is the third installment in the Conversations with a Killer series and succeeds Conversations with a Killer: The John Wayne Gacy Tapes. The series depicts the murder spree of serial killer Jeffrey Dahmer, who murdered, dismembered and cannibalized 17 men and boys between 1978 and 1991 in Wisconsin. The story is told through archival audio footage recorded during Dahmer's incarceration. It was released on October 7, 2022. See also Dahmer – Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story References External links 2022 American television series debuts 2022 American television series endings 2020s American documentary television series Documentary television series about crime in the United States American English-language television shows Netflix original documentary television series Television series created by Joe Berlinger Works about Jeffrey Dahmer", "title": "Conversations with a Killer: The Jeffrey Dahmer Tapes" }, { "docid": "10289794", "text": "Dallas Mark Roberts (born May 10, 1970) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as Milton Mamet in the third season of AMC's The Walking Dead (2012–2013), Eliot Delson on Unforgettable, and Owen Cavanaugh on The Good Wife. He also starred in the Netflix comedy Insatiable. Early life and education Roberts was born and raised in Houston, Texas, where he attended Paul Revere Middle School and Robert E. Lee High School. He moved to Sarasota, Florida, where he graduated from Sarasota High School in 1988 and attended State College of Florida, Manatee-Sarasota. In 1990, Roberts was accepted to the Juilliard School in New York City, where he graduated in 1994 as a member of the Drama Division's Group 23. Career Roberts is primarily based in New York City, where he regularly appears in theatrical productions. Off-Broadway he has appeared in a revival of Lanford Wilson's Burn This, opposite Edward Norton and Catherine Keener; in Adam Rapp's Nocturne, for which he was nominated for a Drama Desk Award; and in Caryl Churchill's A Number, opposite Sam Shepard and later Arliss Howard, among others. Roberts' film work includes the screen adaptation of Michael Cunningham's A Home at the End of the World, and supporting roles in Walk the Line and The Notorious Bettie Page, among others. He had a regular role on the Showtime drama The L Word. He starred in the AMC original series Rubicon as Miles Fiedler, a genius intelligence analyst at a national think tank. He appeared in twelve episodes of The Good Wife as Alicia Florrick's (Julianna Margulies) gay brother, Owen. He has also made many appearances on Law & Order and its spinoff, Law & Order: Special Victims Unit. He also appeared in a crossover arc between SVU, Chicago P.D. and Chicago Fire as serial killer Gregory Yates. From August 2012 through March 2013, Roberts was in the cast of The Walking Dead as scientist Milton Mamet, who studies \"walkers\" (zombies). From 2013 to 2015, he played Eliot Delson on Unforgettable. Personal life Roberts is married to scenic designer Christine Jones; the couple has two sons. Filmography Law & Order (1995–2009) A Home at the End of the World (2004) Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (2004) Walk the Line (2005) Winter Passing (2005) The Notorious Bettie Page (2005) Sisters (2006) Flicka (2006) The L Word (2006–2009) Joshua (2007) Lovely By Surprise (2007) 3:10 to Yuma (2007) Ingenious (2009) Shrink (2009) Tell-Tale (2009) The River Why (2010) Rubicon (2010) Law & Order: Criminal Intent (2010) The Good Wife (2010–2016) The Factory (2012) The Grey (2012) Elementary (2012) The Walking Dead (2012–13) Season 3 Dallas Buyers Club (2013) Shadow People (2013) Unforgettable (2013–2015) Chicago P.D. & Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (2015–2016 crossovers) Mayhem (2017)My Friend Dahmer (2017)American Crime (2017)FBI (2018)Insatiable (2018–2019) Heartstrings (2019) Motherless Brooklyn (2019) American Rust (2021) Big Sky (2022) Glass Onion: A Knives Out Mystery'' (2022) References External links 1970 births 21st-century American male actors Actors from Sarasota, Florida", "title": "Dallas Roberts" }, { "docid": "65332259", "text": "Mismatched is an Indian Hindi-language coming-of-age romantic drama television series on Netflix, based on Sandhya Menon's 2017 novel When Dimple Met Rishi. It was adapted by Gazal Dhaliwal and directed by Akarsh Khurana and Nipun Dharmadhikari. It is produced by Ronnie Screwvala's RSVP Movies. Starring Prajakta Koli, Rohit Saraf, Rannvijay Singha and Vidya Malvade in prominent roles, the series is about Rishi, a die-hard romantic who believes in traditional ways of dating, who falls for Dimple, a gamer, and eventually wants to marry her. Dhaliwal adapted the novel in early 2018, with the script being tweaked for the series. While the novel is set in the United States, the story was adapted to take place in Jaipur. The series features cinematography handled by Avinash Arun and Milind Jog, with editing done by Sanyukta Kaza and Namrata Rao. Mismatched features a soundtrack album composed by Jasleen Royal, Samar Grewal, Anurag Saikia, Prateek Kuhad, Shashwat Singh, Taaruk Raina, Deepa Unnikrishnan, Abhijay Negi and Hiphop Bhaiya, with Saikia also composing background score for the series. The series premiered on 20 November 2020, through the streaming platform Netflix. It received a positive response from audiences, with critics praising the chemistry of Saraf and Koli, the performances of the cast, music and background score. However, the writing and the direction was criticized. The series was renewed for a second season on 3 March 2021. Season 2 premiered on Netflix on 14 October 2022. Cast Prajakta Koli as Dimple Ahuja; Simple and Dheeraj's daughter; Celina's best friend; Rishi's love interest; Harsh's project partner and former love interest Rohit Saraf as Rishi Singh Shekhawat; Kalpana's son; Namrata's best friend; Sanskriti's former love interest; Dimple's love interest Vihaan Samat as Harsh Agarwal, Dimple's project partner and former love interest Rannvijay Singha as Professor Siddharth Sinha (Sid Sir); Zeenat's love interest. Vidya Malvade as Zeenat Karim, Sid's love interest. Sanjana Sarathy as Sanskriti, Rishi's former love interest Devyani Shorey as Namrata Bidasaria, Rishi's best friend Priya Banerjee as Ayesha Duggirala, Namrata's love interest Taaruk Raina as Anmol Malhotra, Dimple's rival Muskkaan Jaferi as Celina Matthews, Dimple's bestfriend and Namrata's former love interest Kritika Bharadwaj as Simran Malhotra, Anmol's cousin and Krish's girlfriend Abhinav Sharma as Krish Katyal, Anmol's best friend and Simran's boyfriend Ruturaj Shinde as Momo Lisha Bajaj as Hostel Warden Akarsh Khurana as Anmol's therapist Ahsaas Channa as Vinny, Anmol's new friend Dipannita Sharma as Nandini Nahata, Sid's ex-wife and Dimple's career idol Ravin Makhija as Ashish Singh Shekhawat, Rishi's brother Suhasini Mulay as Rishi's Grandmother Aditi Govitrikar as Kalpana, Rishi's mother; Randeep's wife Jugal Hansraj as Rishi's father Kshitee Jog as Simple Ahuja, Dimple's mother Jatin Sial as Dheeraj Ahuja, Dimple's father Adhir Bhat as Mr. Bidasaria, Namrata's father Sarika Singh as Mrs. Bidasaria, Namrata's mother Digvijay Savant as Randeep, Rishi's stepfather Episodes Series overview Season 1 (2020) Season 2 (2022) Production Development In late 2018, Netflix India and Ronnie Screwvala of RSVP Movies approached screenwriter Gazal Dhaliwal to adapt Sandhya Menon's 2017 novel When Dimple", "title": "Mismatched" }, { "docid": "2359604", "text": "John Backderf (born October 31, 1959), also known as Derf or Derf Backderf, is an American cartoonist. He is most famous for his graphic novels, especially My Friend Dahmer, the international bestseller which won an Angoulême Prize, and earlier for his comic strip The City, which appeared in a number of alternative newspapers from 1990 to 2014. In 2006 Derf won the Robert F. Kennedy Journalism Award for cartooning. Backderf has been based in Cleveland, Ohio, for much of his career. Early life Backderf grew up in Richfield, Ohio, the son of a chemist. He attended Eastview Junior High and Revere High School, where one of his classmates was future serial killer Jeffrey Dahmer. Backderf graduated high school in 1978, and attended the Art Institute of Pittsburgh for six months, before dropping out. The following year, he worked as a garbageman back in his hometown. Backderf then attended, and graduated from, Ohio State University with a BA in journalism. Backderf was immersed in the punk movement during the late 1970s and early 1980s. He began as a political cartoonist, for the Ohio State Lantern, then professionally at The Evening Times, the evening counterpart of The Palm Beach Post, in West Palm Beach, FL. He worked as a staff cartoonist at the Cleveland Plain Dealer in the late 80s. In the mid-1990s Backderf worked in the newsroom of the Akron Beacon Journal. Work The City Backderf's comic strip The City appeared in 174 publications, mostly free weekly newspapers, starting with the now-defunct Cleveland Edition in 1990, including: The Village Voice, The Chicago Reader, Cleveland Scene, Miami New Times, Houston Press, Pittsburgh City Paper, The Providence Phoenix, and Washington City Paper. In 2014, Derf announced that he was discontinuing The City to focus on graphic novels. Strips from The City were collected in The City: The World's Most Grueling Comic Strip (SLG Publishing, 2003) and a four-volume series of comic books, True Stories (Alternative Comics, 2015, 2016, 2018). Graphic novels Punk Rock & Trailer Parks Backderf wrote Punk Rock & Trailer Parks (SLG Publishing, 2010), a 152-page graphic novel set in 1980, during the punk rock heyday in Akron, Ohio, a music scene that produced such acts as Devo, Chrissie Hynde, and The Cramps. Punk Rock & Trailer Parks is a fictional story that follows one remarkable young man named Otto who, through talent, wits and sheer chutzpah becomes a star in the Rubber City punk scene and has memorable meetings with underground luminaries of the day, including Wendy O. Williams, Stiv Bators, Lester Bangs, and The Clash. Punk Rock & Trailer Parks was featured in the 2010 edition of Best American Comics (Houghton Mifflin). My Friend Dahmer My Friend Dahmer (Abrams Comic Arts, 2012) is the culmination of a comic book project first started in 1994, shortly after Jeffrey Dahmer was murdered in prison. The book is the true story of how a young Backderf befriended his high-school classmate Dahmer, a troubled teenager prone to odd behavior, because he and his", "title": "Derf Backderf" }, { "docid": "63913705", "text": "I Am Jonas is a French coming of age gay-themed movie released in 2018 and directed by Christophe Charrier. The film is also known as Boys and Jonas. Plot The plot is written in chronological order while the movie switches continuously between present and past. It is 1997. Fifteen-year-old Jonas does not really have friends at school. When the school year starts, there is a new pupil in his class: Nathan, who immediately takes Jonas under his wing and they become friends. Nathan has a Nintendo Game Boy and teaches Jonas how to play Tetris and eventually gives him the console as a gift. The two fall in love and start a relationship. Jonas is allowed by his parents to spend the weekend at Nathan's house. Nathan's mother is heavily pregnant and has already chosen a name for the child: Léonard. She drives the boys to a movie theatre, and on the ride they pass an amusement park called Magic World. Mother reveals to Jonas that Nathan got the scar on his face after an incident at the bumper cars, although Nathan had earlier told Jonas that it was caused by an attack of a pedophile priest. At the end of the movie they just watched, Nathan turns on his mobile phone and hears a message left by his mother: she went into hospital to give birth. Instead of going to the hospital, they go to Boys, a local gay bar. As the minimum age is eighteen years they are not allowed in. This is noticed by a man who has an idea: he will bring the boys to another gay bar where there is no age limit. They get in his car but soon Nathan gets suspicious as the ride takes too long and the boys plead with the driver to let them out. The driver punches Nathan and knocks him out. Jonas pulls up the handbrake and is able to escape. The car drives away with a closeup of Nathan – still in the car – and Jonas not knowing whether he is alive or dead. Cast Félix Maritaud – Jonas Cassetti (adult) Nicolas Bauwens – Jonas Cassetti (adolescent) Tommy-Lee Baïk – Nathan Aure Atika – Nathan's mother Marie Denarnaud – Jonas' mother Pierre Cartonnet – Jonas' father Ilian Bergala – Léonard Ingrid Granziani – Caroline Rivasso (adult) Édith Saulnier – Caroline Rivasso (adolescent) David Baiot – Samuel Release and reception The film was originally released as Boys on the streaming platform Dekkoo in August 2018. It was then screened as Jonas at the Festival de la fiction TV de La Rochelle in September, where it won three awards, including Best TV Movie. In November 2018, it was broadcast on French TV channel Arte, attracting over 1,12 million viewers. It subsequently premiered on Netflix under its final title, I Am Jonas. On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of based on reviews, with an average rating of . Writing for The Guardian, André Wheeler", "title": "I Am Jonas" }, { "docid": "66751901", "text": "Elizabeth \"Beth\" Harmon is a fictional American character and the main protagonist in the Walter Tevis novel The Queen's Gambit and the Netflix drama miniseries of the same name, in which she is portrayed by Anya Taylor-Joy. Taylor-Joy's performance as Beth was critically acclaimed. She was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie. She also won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Miniseries or Television Film and the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie. Fictional biography Beth Harmon is orphaned at age eight when her mother dies in a car crash. Growing up in an orphanage in Kentucky, she is taught chess by the custodian Mr. Shaibel, and soon becomes a chess prodigy. While at the orphanage, she struggles with an addiction to tranquilizers. In her teens she is adopted and begins her rapid rise in the chess world, eventually challenging the top Soviet players. As her skill and profile grows, so does her dependency on tranquilizers and eventually alcohol. Concept and inspiration Diana Lanni, a New York chess player contemporary with Tevis who represented the United States at the 1982 Chess Olympiad in Lucerne, suggested she was at least in part the inspiration for the Beth Harmon character, and that her friend grandmaster Larry Kaufman was the inspiration for the book's Harry Beltik character. Lanni thinks it is plausible she got Tevis' attention when playing at the outdoor tables at Washington Square Park as the only woman, and as someone with depression and addiction problems. Other real life chess players said to have inspired the character include Bobby Fischer and Tevis himself. Tevis, however, explicitly denied any of his characters were based on any real life people. He also said he found it more interesting to write a female character. Television adaptation After several aborted attempts to bring the novel to screen, Netflix announced they had acquired the rights, with Anya Taylor-Joy confirmed as the show's lead, on March 19, 2019, with a Twitter post by Netflix Queue. See also Judit Polgar, the female chess player who has come closest to challenging for the World Chess Championship References Adoptee characters in television Characters in American novels of the 20th century Fictional adoptees Fictional alcohol abusers Fictional characters from Kentucky Fictional child prodigies Fictional drug addicts Fictional female sportspeople Fictional orphans Fictional characters from the 20th century Literary characters introduced in 1983 Orphan characters in literature Television characters introduced in 2020", "title": "Beth Harmon" }, { "docid": "10291466", "text": "Laura Marie Marano (born November 29, 1995) is an American actress and singer. She is known for her role in the Disney Channel series Austin & Ally as Ally Dawson. Marano was one of the five original classmates in Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader?. She starred in Without a Trace for three seasons and Back to You. Marano starred in the indie film A Sort of Homecoming, the Disney Channel Original Movie Bad Hair Day, the fifth installment of the A Cinderella Story film series A Cinderella Story: Christmas Wish, the Netflix original movie The Perfect Date, and the Netflix interactive romcom Choose Love. In 2015, she signed with Big Machine Records and released her debut single \"Boombox\" on March 11, 2016, and \"La La\" later that year. On October 5, 2018, Laura Marano released the single \"Me\" as an independent artist. Early life Marano was born in Los Angeles, California. She is the younger daughter of college professor Damiano Marano and former actress Ellen Marano, who owns the Agoura Children's Theatre. Her father is of Italian descent. Marano was first introduced to acting at her mother's theatre. At age five, Marano began expressing interest in acting professionally to her parents along with her older sister Vanessa, who is also an actress. Marano began learning to play the piano, at age nine. Marano attended traditional school while she worked, even when she booked a full-time job on Austin & Ally, instead of doing school on set. \"I go to an actual high school and my friends and everybody there have been so supportive,\" said Marano. \"It's nice when I'm not working to go to that school and be surrounded by really supportive friends.\" In 2015 Marano enrolled at the University of Southern California majoring in Philosophy, Politics and Law. Career 2003–2010: Without a Trace and Back to You Marano's first acting role was when she was five years old. Since then, she worked for multiple productions at the Stage Door Theater. She has appeared in numerous commercials and had small roles on Ghost Whisperer, Medical Investigation, Huff and Joan of Arcadia. Her bigger roles in television have been in Without a Trace and other shows. She played the child role of Keira Knightley's character in the film The Jacket and had a small flashback role in the film Superbad. She was a regular cast member on the Fox game show, Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader? and played the role of Gracie Carr on FOX's sitcom Back to You. Marano has since appeared in several episodes of The Sarah Silverman Program. Initially she was cast in the pilot episode, \"Batteries\", as the child version of Sarah Silverman, and the writers liked her so much they brought her back for a larger role as a girl Sarah coaches to win a beauty pageant (\"Not Without My Daughter\"). On the DVD commentary track, co-star Brian Posehn notes that Marano knew everyone else's lines better than they did. She also", "title": "Laura Marano" }, { "docid": "42585773", "text": "Carl Albert Crew (born August 2, 1961) is an American actor, screenwriter, author, artist and co-proprietor of the North Hollywood nightclub California Institute of Abnormalarts. Biography Film Raised in a repertory theatre troupe, Crew spent much of his young life acting and traveling the country in numerous stage productions until the age of 18, when he became an apprentice embalmer for a Marin County mortuary, an occupation he held for four years before deciding to further pursue a career in acting. Crew landed his first major role in the 1987 cult horror comedy Blood Diner, where Crew played the co-leading role of homicidal chef and wrestling enthusiast George Tutman, for which he was allegedly only paid $250. In 1990, Crew wrote and starred in a low-budget gross out comedy aptly titled Gross Out, a Pink Flamingos-esque shock film following a group of siblings attempting to make the most disgusting movie possible to win an inheritance. Despite its excess of scatological humor, The Los Angeles Times offered a positive review of Gross Out, describing it as \"funny in a scabrous, admittedly juvenile way\" and \"thunderingly, gleefully tasteless...a natural for midnight venues\". In 1992, Crew wrote the screenplay and starred as the title subject in Jeffrey Dahmer: The Secret Life, a biopic based on serial killer Jeffrey Dahmer. Shot a mere year after Dahmer's arrest, the film received intensely negative press from both the media and the families of Dahmer's victims, who staged open protests against the film. Crew and director David Bowen appeared on several talk shows including The Maury Povich Show and WISN-TVs Milwaukee's Talking with family members of the victims, defending the movie against their claims of glorifying and exploiting Dahmer's actions. Although The Secret Life was dismally received upon release, it has more recently been positively re-appraised by cult and horror publications; similarly, the Los Angeles Times, in reviewing 2002's Dahmer, compared it unfavorably to The Secret Life, praising the latter's depiction of and Crew's performance of Jeffrey Dahmer, while CraveOnline called the film \"fascinating\" and \"truly compelling\". Crew wrote, produced and starred in multiple roles in the 1994 horror anthology film Urban Legends, directed by Bill Osco, which would ultimately be his last major film contribution. Since then, Crew's acting work has been sporadic, almost exclusively appearing in films by prolific underground filmmaker Chris J. Miller including 2008's Polyphony 2011's Ironhorse 2013's 2035: Forbidden Dimensions and 2016's Mortuary Massacre. Other endeavors During his time as an embalmer, Crew met Robert Ferguson, a fellow mortician who shared his passion for collecting vintage sideshow and carnival memorabilia. In 1994, the two opened a clandestine underground nightclub for unusual bands and performance artists in the North Hollywood district until the venue was inevitably raided and shut down by police. In 2001, Crew and Ferguson re-opened the club as the California Institute of Abnormalarts, a dual nightclub and sideshow museum which hosts weird bands, performers, burlesque acts, freak shows and film screenings and displays a wide array of sideshow memorabilia ranging", "title": "Carl Crew" }, { "docid": "25973525", "text": "\"Goodbye, My Friend\" is the thirteenth episode of the third season of the American television comedy series 30 Rock, and the 49th overall episode of the series. It was written by co-executive producer Ron Weiner and directed by co-executive producer John Riggi. The episode originally aired on NBC in the United States on March 5, 2009. Guest stars in this episode include John Lithgow, Patti LuPone, Christopher Nicholas Smith, and Phoebe Strole. In the episode, Liz Lemon (Tina Fey) tries to adopt the baby of a pregnant teen (Strole) she meets. Meanwhile, NBC page Kenneth Parcell (Jack McBrayer) learns that Tracy Jordan (Tracy Morgan) has never celebrated his birthday and asks Jenna Maroney (Jane Krakowski) to share her birthday celebration with Tracy. At the same time, Jack Donaghy (Alec Baldwin) goes on a guy's night out with the fictitious show The Girlie Show with Tracy Jordan (TGS) writers—Frank Rossitano (Judah Friedlander), James \"Toofer\" Spurlock (Keith Powell), J. D. Lutz (John Lutz), and Josh Girard (Lonny Ross). \"Goodbye, My Friend\" received mostly positive reviews from television critics. According to the Nielsen Media Research, the episode was watched by 7.3 million households during its original broadcast, and received a 3.8 rating/9 share among viewers in the 18–49 demographic. Plot Liz Lemon (Tina Fey) befriends a pregnant teen, Becca (Phoebe Strole). When she sees Becca reading adoption literature and that she is upset with the baby's father, Liz realizes this may be her chance to adopt a baby. Liz creates a job for Becca as the TGS with Tracy Jordan youth consultant. Liz believes that encouraging Becca to follow her dream as a singer will lead her to give up her baby to Liz. However, when Becca's boyfriend, Tim (Christopher Nicholas Smith), comes to the 30 Rock building, Liz realizes that Becca and Tim should be together so that they can raise their child together, and tells them to make their relationship work. Meanwhile, Jack Donaghy (Alec Baldwin) decides to spend time with the TGS writers, Frank Rossitano (Judah Friedlander), James \"Toofer\" Spurlock (Keith Powell), J. D. Lutz (John Lutz), and Josh Girard (Lonny Ross). At Jack's home, they watch the movie Harry and the Hendersons. Jack and Frank bond over the fact that they both grew up with deadbeat fathers. Frank admits to Jack that he attended Fordham Law for a semester, but dropped out due to family issues. The next day, Jack decides to help him achieve his dream of becoming a lawyer by getting him a full-ride scholarship to Columbia Law School. In return, Frank invites Jack over for dinner. During dinner, while Frank is out of the room, his mother, Sylvia Rossitano (Patti LuPone), tells Jack that Frank's father is in hiding as he is a lawyer for the mob, and that she does not want her son to follow in those footsteps. For Frank's sake, Jack tells Frank to forget about becoming a lawyer, and to return to being a writer on TGS. At the same time, Jenna", "title": "Goodbye, My Friend" }, { "docid": "62478346", "text": "Thomas Daniel Nelson (born December 7, 1997) is an American actor. He is best known for his performances as Neil in the biopic My Friend Dahmer and Russell in The Cat and the Moon. Career Nelson's film debut came in 2006 playing Edward Jr. Age 6–7 in Robert De Niro's, The Good Shepherd. In 2012, he played Nickleby, a Khaki Scout, in the coming-of-age film Moonrise Kingdom. Since then, he has transitioned into maturer roles beginning with his portrayal of Neil in My Friend Dahmer. He starred as Russell in the drama film The Cat and the Moon, alongside his Dahmer costar Alex Wolff. Outside of film, he has made guest appearances on television shows such as Gotham, Better Call Saul, and FBI. During May to August 2019 he appeared alongside Taylor Hanks in the one-act play Fucknut (happy new year) written by Ryan Sans at Dixon Place and 13th Street Repertory Theatre. Personal life Nelson was born in West Haven, Connecticut, and attended West Haven High School. He played guitar in jazz band and was actively involved in theatre including productions of The Drowsy Chaperone and The Laramie Project. In 2015 he was the recipient of the Connecticut Association of Schools Fine Arts Award for the Music/Theatre Division. A Philadelphia Eagles fan, he played football during his senior year. Growing up, his favorite player was Brian Dawkins. From September 2015 to December 2017, he attended the Film, Television, Voice-overs, & Commercial Acting (FTVC) Pace University School of Performing Arts program. He left in January 2018 to focus on acting. Despite having naturally brown hair, Nelson admitted in an interview with BUILD Series that he kept his hair blonde and adopted the wardrobe of his character from The Cat and the Moon (joggers, sweatshirt, and a gold chain) for six months after filming ended. This can be seen in his appearance on Better Call Saul. Nelson began dating Alexanna Brier, his Sour Honey co-star, in 2023. They married on September 11 of that year. Filmography Film Television References External links Living people 21st-century American male actors Male actors from Connecticut American male child actors American male film actors 1997 births", "title": "Tommy Nelson (actor)" }, { "docid": "3593723", "text": "This is a list of films with lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender-related storylines. This list contains theatrically released cinema films that highlight the issues and experiences of the LGBT community through the inclusion of LGBT romance and relationships. The films are organized by storyline, arranged alphabetically, by year, by country of filming, and by production. Biographical films Amen, India (2010) Amphetamine, Hong Kong (2010) Beautiful Boxer, Thailand (2003) Before Night Falls, United States (2000) Bohemian Rhapsody, United States (2018) Capote, Canada/United States (2005) Caravaggio, United Kingdom (1986) Cazuza - O Tempo Não Pára, Brazil (2004) The Christine Jorgensen Story, United States (1970) City Without Baseball, Hong Kong (2008) Dahmer, United States (2002) Deathmaker, Germany (1995) De-Lovely, United States (2004) Gacy, United States (2003) The Girl King, Sweden (2015) Gods and Monsters, United Kingdom (1998) Halston (2019) I Am My Own Woman, Germany (1992) The Imitation Game, United States/United Kingdom (2014) Infamous, United States (2006) Love Actually... Sucks!, Hong Kong (2011) Love Is the Devil: Study for a Portrait of Francis Bacon, United Kingdom (1998) Madame Satã, Brazil (2002) Milk, United States (2008) Monster, United States (2003) My Friend Dahmer, United States (2017) Permanent Residence, Hong Kong (2009) Soundless Wind Chime, Hong Kong/Switzerland/China (2009) Tarnation, United States (2003) Wilde, United Kingdom (1997) Historical fiction and nonfiction Fantasy Dorian Gray, Ireland (2009) Nimona, United States (2023) Gay bars Last Call at Maud's, United States (1993) Small Town Gay Bar, United States (2006) Historic events Aishite Imasu 1941: Mahal Kita, Philippines (2004) Dog Day Afternoon, United States (1975) Pride, United Kingdom (2014) Screaming Queens: The Riot at Compton's Cafeteria, United States (2005) Stonewall, United States (1995) Stonewall Uprising, United States (2010) Taking Woodstock, United States (2009) HIV/AIDS Bohemian Rhapsody, United States (2018) BPM (Beats Per Minute), France (2017) Buddies, United States (1985) Cazuza - O Tempo Não Pára, Brazil (2004) Dallas Buyers Club, United States (2013) The Living End, United States (1992) Longtime Companion, United States (1989) Parting Glances, United States (1986) Philadelphia, United States (1993) Red Ribbon Blues, United States (1996) Rent, United States (2005) Three Months, United States (2022) Zero Patience, Canada (1993) In the media The Celluloid Closet, United States (1996) The Watermelon Woman, United States (1996) Persecution Bent, United Kingdom/Japan (1997) Coming Out Under Fire, United States (1994) Dangerous Living: Coming Out in the Developing World, United States (2003) Out in the Dark, Israeli (2012) Paragraph 175, Germany (2000) Proteus, Canada/South Africa (2003) Serving in Silence: The Margarethe Cammermeyer Story, United States (1995) Small Town Gay Bar, United States (2006) Word Is Out: Stories of Some of Our Lives, United States (1977) Study of sexuality Die andere Liebe (The Other Love), East Germany (1988) Der Einstein des Sex, Germany (1999) Kinsey, United States (2004) Paris Is Burning, United States (1990) Plata Quemada, Argentina (2000) Relationships Bisexual relationships Allure, Canada (2017) Amphetamine, Hong Kong (2010) Another Way, Hungary (1982) Atomic Blonde, United States (2017) Bad Romance, China (2011) Borstal Boy, United Kingdom/Ireland (2000) Call Me by Your Name, Italy/United States", "title": "List of LGBT-related films by storyline" }, { "docid": "72199813", "text": "A Father's Story is a memoir written by Lionel Dahmer, father of American serial killer Jeffrey Dahmer. The book was published in 1994 by William Morrow and Company. Background Lionel Dahmer used most of the proceeds of the book to cover legal fees. He was sued by two victims' families for using their names in the book without obtaining prior consent. He had also been previously sued by the family of victim Steven Hicks in 1992. They filed a wrongful death suit against Dahmer, his wife Shari Dahmer, and his former wife Joyce Flint, citing parental negligence as the cause for the claim. Dahmer donated the remaining portion of the proceeds to the victims' families. Dahmer and his wife Shari received support from Theresa Smith, sister of victim Eddie Smith, who is mentioned in the acknowledgments. \"If anyone has a right to write a book, it's them [Jeffrey's parents] and the families [of the victims]. If that was my brother and my brother killed their son, I would not abandon my brother,\" Smith said. Synopsis In July 1991, research chemist Lionel Dahmer was informed by the Milwaukee Police Department that they were investigating a homicide involving his son Jeffrey. Dahmer initially thought Jeffrey was a murder victim, not a murderer. He learned the grisly details of his son's crimes during the trial before which his son was found to be legally sane and subsequently sentenced to life imprisonment in February 1992. A Father's Story runs chronologically from Jeffrey's birth until his arrest and imprisonment. Dahmer tries to figure out what made his son commit murder, practice necrophilia and cannibalism. He scrutinizes every possible contributing factor to his son's psychosis starting with himself. Dahmer judges himself a poor father because he was emotionally distant from his son. While reflecting, he \"speculates that his own youthful shyness, fascination with bombs and fears of abandonment added up to a monstrous genetic inheritance.\" Critical reception Rank Rich wrote for The New York Times: \"Jeffrey Dahmer remains a phantom, defying logic. ... Mr. Dahmer's story is terrifying precisely because his blindness to his son's insanity was inseparable from his love for him.\" Jonathan Kirsch wrote in his review for the Los Angeles Times: \"'A Father's Story' is really more about Lionel Dahmer than his son, a heartfelt effort at self-analysis and self-revelation by a bewildered father forced to accept that his son is a serial murderer: Where did I go wrong?\" Publishers Weekly reviewed that A Father's Story is \"a book for criminologists, psychiatrists and the ghoulish.\" Re-release After Jeffrey was killed in prison by another inmate in November 1994, Dahmer wrote an additional chapter on the death of his son. The new edition was published by Avon Books. References 1994 non-fiction books American memoirs English-language books Works about Jeffrey Dahmer Non-fiction books about serial killers William Morrow and Company books", "title": "A Father's Story" }, { "docid": "20981544", "text": "My Secret Cache is a 1997 award - winning Japanese film. Its original Japanese title is . It was directed by Shinobu Yaguchi. Plot The film begins with a prologue that quickly sketches the backstory of the protagonist: since childhood, Sakiko Suzuki was obsessed with cash. She scared off potential friends by constantly talking about her savings account, and potential suitors by demanding that they give her up front the money they would have spent taking her out on a date. After college, her family suggests she get a job as a bank teller. She's promptly hired, but soon grows disillusioned by the job, because she's counting other people's cash. Then, bank robbers kidnap her and stuff her in a trunk with a bright yellow suitcase filled with stolen money. The thieves take a wrong turn in the woods and crash their car. Sakiko escapes with the briefcase but falls into a river and winds up in an underground pool, where she tries to kill herself by drowning after letting go of the suitcase. Instead, she washes up downstream and is given medical leave by the bank. The rest of the film traces Sakiko's quest to retrieve the money. One Sunday, she convinces her family to take her to the woods, but they give up as soon as it rains. Undeterred, Sakiko goes on without them but suffers an accident and winds up in the hospital again. So she resolves to prepare more carefully. Moving out of her family's house, she returns to college to study geology, and also takes lessons in swimming, scuba diving, mountain climbing and driving, and buys much surveying equipment. Along the way, she wins swimming and mountain climbing competitions. But she's uninterested in pursuing fame in either as a swimmer or mountain climber, wanting only to earn money to fund her quest. After her apartment's floor collapses under the weight of too much equipment and another stint at the hospital, Sakiko escapes, steals from her family and frames a research assistant at the college for stealing a bag of money from the bank; she steals his truck and goes to the woods and retrieves the suitcase. She formally apologizes to her family for stealing from them. On the radio, Sakiko hears about hidden treasures in the Bermuda triangle and decides to get a sailing license. The movie ends with Sakiko hiding the yellow briefcase in the woods. Cast Naomi Nishida as Sakiko Suzuki Gō Rijū as Edogawa Takako Kato as Itami Yayoi (Edogawa's ex-girlfriend) Noriko Kanaka as Mika Suzuki (sister) Kazue Tsunogae as Tomiko Suzuki (mother) Shinobu Tsuruta as Mikio Suzuki (father) Taketoshi Naito as Morita Seitaro (Professor) Hikaru Ijuin as Tanaka (Driving instructor) Tae Kimura as Eko (Swimming instructor) Yōji Tanaka as Iwata (Rock-climbing instructor) Yu Tokui (Tsubaki Bank Branch Manager) Reception My Secret Cache does not yet have a rating from Rotten Tomatoes. In the United States, the film has been released to DVD (region 1) by Geneon Entertainment. The average Netflix customer", "title": "My Secret Cache" }, { "docid": "8734370", "text": "This is a list of the winners and nominees of the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for a Limited or Anthology Series or Movie. Chronology of category names Over the years, the scope of this award has evolved and the name with which it has been presented reflects those changes: 1975: Director of the Year – Special 1976: Outstanding Directing in a Special Program – Drama or Comedy 1977: Outstanding Directing in a Special Program 1978–1979: Outstanding Directing in a Special Program – Drama or Comedy 1980–1986: Outstanding Directing in a Limited Series or Special 1987–1992: Outstanding Directing in a Miniseries or Special 1993–1996: Outstanding Individual Achievement in Directing for a Miniseries or Special 1997–1998: Outstanding Directing for a Miniseries or Special 1999–2000: Outstanding Directing for a Miniseries or Movie 2001–2002: Outstanding Directing for a Miniseries, Movie, or Special 2003–2015: Outstanding Directing for a Miniseries, Movie, or Dramatic Special 2016–2020: Outstanding Directing for a Limited Series, Movie, or Dramatic Special 2021–present: Outstanding Directing for a Limited or Anthology Series or Movie Winners and nominations 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s Total awards by network HBO – 17 CBS – 8 NBC – 8 ABC – 7 PBS – 4 Netflix – 3 TNT – 3 FX – 2 AMC – 1 Directors with multiple wins 4 wins John Frankenheimer (3 consecutive) Joseph Sargent 2 wins Marvin J. Chomsky Lamont Johnson Mike Nichols Daniel Petrie (consecutive) Jay Roach Directors with multiple nominations 9 nominations Lamont Johnson Joseph Sargent 6 nominations Glenn Jordan Daniel Petrie 5 nominations John Erman John Frankenheimer Ryan Murphy 4 nominations Paul Bogart Tom Gries 3 nominations Jeff Bleckner Gilbert Cates Marvin J. Chomsky Fielder Cook Stephen Frears Tom Hooper Mick Jackson Richard Loncraine Sam Miller Frank Pierson Jay Roach 2 nominations Robert Allan Ackerman Lou Antonio Bob Balaban Dan Curtis Scott Frank James Goldstone David Greene Tom Hanks Robert Harmon Noah Hawley Andrei Konchalovsky John Korty Buzz Kulik Barry Levinson Delbert Mann Philip Martin Mike Nichols David Nutter Anthony Page Mark Rydell Boris Sagal Mikael Salomon George Schaefer Charles Sturridge Betty Thomas Peter Werner Susanna White Programs with multiple nominations 4 nominations American Crime Story Fargo 3 nominations Watchmen 2 nominations American Horror Story Beef Dahmer – Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story Fosse/Verdon I May Destroy You The Night Of The Pacific Prime Suspect Sherlock References Directing for a Miniseries, Movie, or Dramatic Special", "title": "Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for a Limited or Anthology Series or Movie" }, { "docid": "2867916", "text": "Mr Midnight (US title: Mr. Midnight) is a children's horror fiction book series written by Jim Aitchison under the pseudonym of James Lee. The series is published by Angsana Books, Flame Of The Forest Publishing. There are currently 130 books in the series, including 27 Special Edition titles, with more being written and released around every two to four months. It has been translated into Burmese, Malay, Indonesian, simplified Chinese, and traditional Chinese. Each book in the series contains two stories. The first book was titled Madman's Mansion and The Monster In Mahima's Mirror. James Lee's books are very popular among young children and preteens and have been regarded as \"Asia's answer to Harry Potter\". In 2020, the series hit a milestone when it released Mr Midnight #100 — the 100th title in the series excluding Special Editions. Books The latest book in the Mr Midnight book series is Mr Midnight #SE28 Ronan’s Ratty Christmas. Netflix series In February 2015, a promotional image for a new Mr Midnight television series was posted on the Mr Midnight Facebook page. It featured a Mr Midnight logo with a pair of eyes peeking out from behind the logo. The caption underneath the logo read, \"The hit book series that has scared thousands of kids across Asia is coming to television!\" Any other details about the upcoming series were unknown, except that the series would most likely be adaptations of the stories. However, an update was finally released by the publisher on Instagram and Facebook in late September 2022 with the announcement that the TV series, produced by Beach House Pictures, would be released on Netflix to a worldwide audience. Titled Mr. Midnight: Beware the Monsters, the series premiered on 24 October 2022. Movie A movie titled Mr. Midnight the Movie: My Haunted Holiday was in the works but was cancelled as the producers thought the movie would not suit the book's style. References External links Mr Midnight on the Flame Of The Forest website Publications established in 1998 Book series introduced in 1998 1998 establishments in Singapore Horror novels Singaporean short story collections Works published under a pseudonym Singaporean children's literature Series of children's books", "title": "Mr. Midnight" }, { "docid": "13848328", "text": "L & L Tavern at 3207 N. Clark Street (at Belmont Avenue), in the Lakeview neighborhood in Chicago was \"named one of the best dive bars in the nation by the frat-tastic legions of Stuff Magazine.\" When it opened was by Paul Gillon in the 1950s, it was called the Columbia Tavern & Liquors. Its current name comes from prior owners Lefty (John Miller) and Lauretta. It is currently owned by Ken Frandsen. The bar attracts a mixed crowd. Serial killers When Jeffrey Dahmer was arrested, L&L employee Frankie—whom Dahmer hit on—said \"Oh my god! That's the guy that used to drink in the corner by the window and 'chickenhawk' the Dunkin' Donuts across the street!\" John Wayne Gacy is rumored to have shown up in full clown outfit back in the '70s. In popular media Interviews in the tavern feature substantially in Against Me!'s We're Never Going Home. A song on Lawrence Arms' A Guided Tour of Chicago (1999) is entitled \"The Northside, the L&L, and Any Number of Crappy Apartments.\" Anthony Bourdain visited the L and L for his Travel Channel series The Layover (Season 2, Episode 1 \"Chicago\"). The L and L was a shooting location for the HBO series Lovecraft Country. References External links L&L Tavern at Centerstage L&L Tavern at Planet99 Companies based in Chicago Drinking establishments in Illinois Drinking establishments in Chicago", "title": "L&L Tavern" }, { "docid": "3960282", "text": "Nichola Petra \"Niky\" Wardley (born 11 August 1973) is an English stage and screen actress. Her most notable role is schoolgirl Lauren Cooper's sidekick in the BBC's Emmy and BAFTA-nominated sketch series The Catherine Tate Show (2004–2007). She also appeared alongside Catherine Tate in the Netflix mockumentary sitcom Hard Cell (2022) and played the lead role in the BBC One sitcom In with the Flynns (2011–2012). As a voice actress, she is best known for her role as the Eighth Doctor's companion Tamsin Drew in audio dramas based on the BBC's long-running science fiction series Doctor Who. Early life and education Wardley was born on 11 August 1973 in Luton, Bedfordshire. She started out in acting when she was in high school. Her drama teacher cast her as Nancy in Oliver! when she was about 13 years old. Reminiscing on her first ever role, Wardley said: \"I knew from the very first moment that I stepped out on stage that this was what I wanted to do with my life.\" She studied acting at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art. Career Work with Catherine Tate While doing her first theatre production for the Royal Shakespeare Company, called A Servant to Two Masters (2000–2001), she met comedian Catherine Tate and shared a dressing room with her for ten months. In 2004, Tate invited Wardley to her BBC Two sketch series, The Catherine Tate Show (2004–2007). Her most notable role in the show was schoolgirl Lauren Cooper's sidekick, Liese Jackson. In November 2005, she performed for Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip at the Royal Variety Performance, appearing again in the guise of Liese. During the sketch, Wardley's character remarked: \"That old man sitting next to her has fallen asleep.\" Prince Philip then reportedly complained to the show's executive producer, saying he had been insulted. The Catherine Tate Show lasted for three series and received critical acclaim and multiple nominations from BAFTA, the National Television Awards and the British Comedy Awards. After the show ended, Wardley and Tate continued to work together on other projects, including the show's spin-off series, Catherine Tate's Nan (2014–2015), and its UK, Australian and New Zealand live tours. She also appeared alongside Tate in the autobiographical short film My First Nativity (2010), the Netflix mockumentary series Hard Cell (2022), which she also co-wrote, the BBC sitcom Queen of Oz (2023), and the feature films Nativity 3: Dude, Where's My Donkey?! (2014) and The Nan Movie (2022). Doctor Who In 2010, she portrayed a companion of the Eighth Doctor (Paul McGann), failing actress Tamsin Drew, in the audio series The Eighth Doctor Adventures, produced by Big Finish Productions and based on the BBC's long-running science fiction series Doctor Who. She felt \"really excited\" about becoming a Doctor Who companion, having previously watched the show as a kid and being good friends with fellow companion actress Catherine Tate. Wardley was cast after being recommended to the producers by the Fifth Doctor actor, Peter Davison, with whom she", "title": "Niky Wardley" }, { "docid": "13060731", "text": "Gerard Arthur Way (born April 9, 1977) is an American singer, songwriter, and comic book writer. He is best known as the lead vocalist and co-founder of the rock band My Chemical Romance. He released his debut solo album, Hesitant Alien, in 2014. Way co-created and wrote the comic mini-series The True Lives of the Fabulous Killjoys and The Umbrella Academy, the latter of which was later adapted into a Netflix series released in 2019. Way is also the co-founder of DC Comics' Young Animal imprint. Way is the co-creator of Peni Parker, an alternative version of Spider-Man in the Marvel Universe. Early life Way was born in Summit, New Jersey, on April 9, 1977, the son of Donna Lee (née Rush) and Donald Way. He is of Italian and Scottish ancestry. Raised in Belleville, New Jersey, alongside brother Mikey Way, he first began singing publicly in the fourth grade, when he played the role of Peter Pan in a school musical production. His maternal grandmother, Elena Lee Rush, was a great creative influence who taught him to sing, paint, and perform from a young age; he has said that \"she has taught me everything I know\". Also, while in elementary school, the glam metal band Bon Jovi was instrumental in forming his love of music and Bruce Springsteen is the first concert that he ever watched. At the age of 15, Way was held at gunpoint. As he said in an April 2008 Rolling Stone interview, \"I got held up with a .357 Magnum, had a gun pointed to my head and put on the floor, execution-style.\" He went on to say that \"no matter how ugly the world gets or how stupid it shows me it is, I always have faith [in it]\". At age 16, he appeared on an episode of Sally Jesse Raphael to discuss the controversy surrounding the publicizing of serial killer Jeffrey Dahmer's crimes in comic books. Way attended Belleville High School, graduating in 1995. Deciding to pursue a career in the comic-book industry, he attended the School of Visual Arts in New York City, graduating with a Bachelor of Fine Arts in 1999. Music career 2001–2013: My Chemical Romance As teenagers, Gerard and his brother Mikey Way, who later became the bassist of My Chemical Romance, were influenced by artists including Iron Maiden, The Misfits, Danzig, Black Flag, Queen, Pulp, Alkaline Trio, Blur, Morrissey, and The Smiths. Way originally wanted to be a guitarist. His grandmother bought him his first guitar at the age of eight, and he played in short-lived bands such as Ray Gun Jones and Nancy Drew with future bandmate Ray Toro. When he was not successful (one band kicked him out due to his lack of skill with the guitar), he chose to concentrate on his art career. Way was working as an intern for Cartoon Network in New York City during the September 11, 2001 attacks. Seeing the effects of the attacks first-hand prompted Way to change his", "title": "Gerard Way" }, { "docid": "10736675", "text": "Greg Nelson and Jenny Gardner are fictional characters and a supercouple from the American soap opera All My Children. Greg was portrayed by Laurence Lau, and Jenny was portrayed by actress Kim Delaney. They were best friends to fellow supercouple Jesse Hubbard and Angie Baxter. Background Writing When the writers of All My Children had characters Greg and Jenny meet in 1981, after having Jenny move to the fictional town of Pine Valley with her mother, Opal Gardner (then portrayed by Dorothy Lyman), they applied four obstacles to the couple's love story: Age (Jenny is younger than Greg. In 1981, Greg is a senior in high school while Jenny is only fifteen) Economic backgrounds (they come from different economic backgrounds; Jenny is working-class while Greg comes from a rich family in Pine Valley) Ex-girlfriend (Greg's ex-girlfriend, Liza Colby, refuses to allow Greg and Jenny to be happy together and schemes to displace Jenny at all costs) Parents (Greg's mother, Enid Nelson, is a snob who thinks that Jenny is not good enough for her son) Storyline Greg and Jenny build slowly on their romance due to the four obstacles. In 1982, Liza almost succeeds in winning Greg back, but Jenny returns from vacation and his infatuation with Jenny grows even stronger. Liza rigs the Miss Junior Pine Valley contest so that she will win instead of Jenny; this does not deter Greg, who eventually tells Jenny that he loves her and wants to marry her. Jenny eventually finds out that her father, Ray Gardner (Gil Rodgers), who she thought was in prison for kidnapping is in fact in prison for rape. Liza finds out about this, and threatens to tell Greg unless Jenny withdraws herself from his life. Jenny runs away to New York City, followed by her friend Jesse Hubbard (Darnell Williams), who has been falsely accused of attempted rape by Liza, who hates him for his friendship with Jenny. Jesse saves Jenny from being forced into making a pornographic movie, and the two stand up for each other against the odds in the big city. Their summer in New York is considered one of the greatest storylines in the history of All My Children. Trying to forget Jenny, Greg begins to date Amanda Cousins (Amanda Bearse), Liza's longtime best friend who occasionally participated in Liza's scheming but is generally a much kinder person. Amanda realizes Greg is still in love with Jenny and discovers her current whereabouts which Liza persuades her to keep a secret from him. Ultimately, Amanda cannot play Lizaesque games and tells Greg where he can find Jenny. Jenny and Greg are reunited, as are Jesse and his love, Angie Baxter (Debbi Morgan). Greg suffers a fall in 1983 and is paralyzed from the waist down. He wants the best for Jenny, so he breaks up with her romantically and encourages her to go to New York and pursue modeling. Jenny goes to the big city and eventually is engaged to another model, Tony Barclay", "title": "Greg Nelson and Jenny Gardner" }, { "docid": "39235343", "text": "Amr Salama (; born 22 November 1982) is an Egyptian film director, blogger, screenwriter, and author. Film career Born in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, he later moved with his family back to Egypt. He began his directing career primarily with short movies and commercials, after which he shifted to full-length movies. Amr Salama's released his first feature movie, Zay El Naharda (On a Day Like Today) in 2008. In 2009, Salama submitted the script for a second movie, Excuse My French, based on, by his own admission, his experiences at a public middle school in Egypt after his return from Saudi Arabia. Excuse My French tells the story of Hany Abdulla Sousa, a student at a private international school who comes from a Coptic family. After the death of his father the family's socio-economic status drops and he is forced to go to a public school, where he is routinely confronted with episodes of bullying on the part of his classmates. Rejected by the Censorship Board on the ground that \"there is no sectarianism in Egypt,\" Salama started working on what would become his second creation, the AIDS-themed Asmaa, which earned him international attention. Premiered at the Abu Dhabi International Film Festival, the movie won the award for Best Arab Director in the New Horizons competition and two awards at the Fribourg International Film Festival. After the 2011 Revolution, the director renewed his attempt by submitting the script for Excuse My French again, however the script was again rejected. With the appointment of another movie director to the Censorship Board, Ahmed Awad, the movie was finally approved. When speaking about the censorship issues he had to deal with, Salama stated that \"[The Censorship Board] thought that this film provokes Christians, and they thought that this film would cause a civil war.\" After releasing Excuse My French, Salama went on to release another film in 2014, Made in Egypt. This film focuses on a little girl and her desire for her stuffed animal and her older brother to switch bodies so the stuffed animal could inhabit her brother's body. The little girl gets her wish and the plot continues with the brother being mischievous in the stuffed animal's body, while the stuffed animal does much more in the brother's body than he was doing in it. On 26 May 2019 he announced he would direct his first project with Netflix, a series called ما وراء الطبيعة (Paranormal), released in 2020. He is a member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Writing career Along with his directing career, Salama has also released a book, A Kiosk Guy: A Journey in Search of the Handlebars. This book has reached the top of Al-Shorouk's selling list and was also printed in four editions within the first two months of its release. Since the release of A Kiosk Guy: A Journey in Search of the Handlebars, Salama had released another book, Return to Sender: Short Stories, Sort of. As with his first book,", "title": "Amr Salama" }, { "docid": "71914712", "text": "Rodney Burford is an American actor, best known for his portrayal of Tony Hughes in the Netflix drama Dahmer - Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story, which premiered in September 2022. Early life and education Rodney Burford Jr. was born in Brooklyn, New York. He attended Maryland School for the Deaf, before studying at Gallaudet University, a private federally chartered research university in Washington, D.C. for the education of the deaf and hard of hearing. Career In 2020, Burford made his screen debut in the reality television show Deaf U. In 2022, Burford guest starred as Tony Hughes, one of serial killer Jeffrey Dahmer's victims, in the 10-part Netflix crime drama series Dahmer - Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story. Amanda Whiting, writing for The Independent, described Burford's portrayal as \"played with heartbreaking warmth\" and praised the episode (\"Silenced\") in which he features predominantly. Personal life Burford is partially deaf, and has cochlear implants which help him to understand spoken language. Filmography References External links 21st-century American male actors Living people Male actors from Brooklyn American male television actors Year of birth missing (living people) Gallaudet University alumni", "title": "Rodney Burford" }, { "docid": "74943202", "text": "Robin Tran (born as Robert Tran on May 13, 1986) is an American stand-up comedian, writer, actress, and producer. She is known for her stand-up comedy routines and roasts. Early life Robin Tran was born on May 13, 1986. Her parents are Vietnamese immigrants. She was raised in Garden Grove, Orange County, California, and has stated that she grew up in \"poverty.\" She has stated that her father \"used to do comedy\" and \"used to do a Vietnamese radio show in Little Saigon here in California, so he was paid to be funny.\" As an adolescent, Tran was influenced by Chris Rock’s Bigger & Blacker comedy special on HBO. She has also stated, \"In terms of other people who’ve been influential, I try to be my own hero.\" In 2004, Tran auditioned for her high school talent show and \"bombed,\" but she got into the talent show because \"they didn't have enough acts.\" She ended up receiving a standing ovation and won the talent show. In 2012, she began performing stand-up comedy at open mic nights. She studied English at the University of California, Irvine. In 2015, she came out as a transgender woman. She describes her experience coming out to her Vietnamese mother with a language barrier in her stand-up routine, which is known as her \"born boy, brain girl\" bit. She has said of her experience being the first employee at her then-employer to come out as transgender, \"Don’t ever be the first employee in your company to ever do anything. It was the worst experience of my life.\" She refers to herself as an Asian transgender lesbian. Career In 2016, Robin Tran released a self-funded comedy special on YouTube, Santa Doesn't Like Every Kid. In 2018, Robin Tran's first one-hour comedy special, Don't Look at Me, was released on Hulu, Spotify, and iTunes. She has appeared on Jeff Ross' Comedy Central series Roast Battle, Comedy InvAsion, OnlyFans TV's The Roast of Whitney Cummings, Logo TV's Logo Variety Hour, Netflix's That's My Time with David Letterman, Fuse TV'sWe Need to Talk About America, The Talk, Howie Mandel & Friends: Don't Sneeze on Me, Netflix's Are You Still Listening?, and Comedy Central's Comedy Central Stand-Up Presents. She has written for Netflix's Historical Roasts and Just For Laughs' comedy series Straight Up, Stand Up. Tran has opened for comedians Margaret Cho and Anthony Jeselnik. She has performed at the Outside Lands, Just For Laughs' New Faces of Comedy, Howie Mandel's Just For Laughs' All Star Comedy Gala on The CW, Comedy Central's Mental Health Initiative, Moontower Comedy Festival, Netflix's Netflix Is a Joke: The Festival, and Comedy Central's Clusterfest Comedy Festival. In 2023, she performed at the Edinburg Festival Fringe in Edinburg, Scotland and headlined the Asian Takeover Comedy Show in Vancouver, Canada. Tran's upcoming festival appearances include the New York Comedy Festival and San Francisco Sketchfest. In 2021, Tran was named on Just For Laughs' New Faces of 2021 list, and Screen Rant's \"10 Up-And-Coming Comedians Who Deserve To", "title": "Robin Tran" }, { "docid": "35742125", "text": "The Jeffrey Dahmer Files (aka Jeff) is an independent documentary film about serial killer Jeffrey Dahmer during the summer of his arrest. The film was directed by Chris James Thompson and stars Andrew Swant as Dahmer in fictionalized re-enactment segments which are interwoven with interviews of the medical examiner assigned to the case (Jeffrey Jentzen), the lead detective (Pat Kennedy), and Dahmer's next door neighbor (Pamela Bass). The film premiered at the 2012 SXSW film festival under the title Jeff, where it received positive reviews and obtained sales representation from Josh Braun at Submarine Entertainment. The film also played at the Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival in Toronto, the Independent Film Festival of Boston, and the BFI London Film Festival. The documentary was picked up by IFC Films who re-titled it The Jeffrey Dahmer Files. Jonathan Sehring, President of Sundance Selects/IFC Films, said: “Chris James Thompson has made one of the creepiest documentaries of the year that lingers in the mind long after the film has ended. He’s approached the well-known subject of Jeffrey Dahmer in a new and inventive way that managed to completely unnerve us.\" The film was released theatrically and on Video On Demand through IFC on February 15, 2013, followed by a DVD release. The film was later released on Netflix, Hulu, Amazon, AMC+, and Google Play. The film was shot in Milwaukee, Wisconsin on Super 16 mm film over the course of three years. It was executive produced by Chris Smith (director of American Movie), Barry Poltermann, and Jack Turner. Plot synopsis In 1991, Jeffrey Dahmer was arrested in Milwaukee, Wisconsin and sentenced to 957 years in prison for murdering 17 men and boys and dismembering their bodies. Jeff explores the city of Milwaukee by meeting those surrounding Dahmer during and after his hidden spree. Recollections from Milwaukee Medical Examiner Jeffrey Jentzen, Police Detective Patrick Kennedy, and neighbor Pamela Bass are interwoven with archival footage and everyday scenes from Dahmer's life, working collectively to disassemble the facade of an ordinary man leading an ordinary existence. Critical response The film received generally positive reviews, many of them praising the director's restraint. Jeannette Catsoulis of The New York Times called the film \"a meditation on perversion as hypnotic as it is repulsive\" and labeled it a \"Critics' Pick\". Mark Olson of the Los Angeles Times called the film \"quietly unnerving.\" John DeFore of The Hollywood Reporter said that “Jeff stands apart from the true-crime pack\" and called Swant's portrayal of Dahmer \"eerily convincing.” John Gholson of Movies.com said “I’d go so far as to say that Jeff is one of the greatest serial killer movies ever made.” Owen Gleiberman, writing for Entertainment Weekly, said the film was \"for hardcore Dahmer obsessives only. Through a mix of documentary footage and staged scenes, director Chris James Thompson explores the days during which Dahmer’s crimes were first discovered. Interviews with the medical examiner on the scene and the officer who first interrogated Dahmer bring us into a newly queasy", "title": "The Jeffrey Dahmer Files" }, { "docid": "2090899", "text": "Richard Dale Jenkins (born May 4, 1947) is an American actor. He is well known for his portrayal of deceased patriarch Nathaniel Fisher on the HBO funeral drama series Six Feet Under (2001–2005). He began his career in theater at the Trinity Repertory Company and made his film debut in 1974. He has worked steadily in film and television since the 1980s, mostly in supporting roles. His eclectic body of work includes such films as The Witches of Eastwick (1987), Little Nikita (1988), Flirting with Disaster (1996), Snow Falling on Cedars (1999), The Mudge Boy (2003), Burn After Reading (2008), Step Brothers (2008), Let Me In (2010), Jack Reacher (2012), The Cabin in the Woods (2012), Bone Tomahawk (2015), The Last Shift (2020), The Humans (2021), and Nightmare Alley (2021). Jenkins received nominations for the Academy Award, Spirit Award, and Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Actor for the drama film The Visitor (2007). He won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie for the limited drama series Olive Kitteridge (2014). For his performance in the fantasy drama film The Shape of Water (2017), he was nominated for the Academy Award, Golden Globe, and Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Supporting Actor. The Netflix miniseries Dahmer – Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story (2022) garnered him both Golden Globe and Emmy nominations for Best Supporting Actor, plus an additional Emmy nod for producing the series. Early life Jenkins was born and raised in DeKalb, Illinois. His mother, Mary Elizabeth (née Wheeler), was a housewife, and his father, Dale Stevens Jenkins, was a dentist. He attended DeKalb High School. Before he was an actor, Jenkins drove a linen truck (his boss was actor John C. Reilly's father). He earned a degree in drama from Illinois Wesleyan University before relocating to Rhode Island. Career Theatre Jenkins worked with the Trinity Repertory Company in Providence, Rhode Island, while breaking into film with a bit part in Feasting with Panthers (1974), a television film about Oscar Wilde. When he was given the option of joining the Screen Actors Guild, he accepted immediately. He continued as a member of Trinity's resident acting company and served as its artistic director from 1990 to 1994. Film Since his debut in the television movie Feasting with Panthers (1974), Jenkins has worked steadily in film. His earlier film credits include Silverado (1985), Hannah and Her Sisters (1986), The Witches of Eastwick (1987), Sea of Love (1989), Blue Steel (1990), How to Make an American Quilt (1995), Flirting with Disaster (1996), and Snow Falling On Cedars (1999). He has worked with the director siblings the Farrelly brothers in There's Something About Mary (1998), Outside Providence (1999), Me, Myself & Irene (2000), Say It Isn't So (2001) and Hall Pass (2011). He has also appeared in three Coen Brothers movies: The Man Who Wasn't There (2001), Intolerable Cruelty (2003), and Burn After Reading (2008). He is in North Country (2005), has three memorable scenes as", "title": "Richard Jenkins" }, { "docid": "3318283", "text": "The Secret Life: Jeffrey Dahmer is a 1993 American low budget biographical crime drama film directed by David R. Bowen. It stars Carl Crew as Jeffrey Dahmer, an American serial killer, necrophile, and cannibal. The film is a firsthand account of Dahmer's lifestyle as a serial killer. When he was finally caught, it was revealed that his apartment was a chamber of horrors, where, according to the film, he tortured his young victims to death. Then he sliced up the bodies and stored the parts in his freezer, among other places. The Secret Life: Jeffrey Dahmer was produced one year before Dahmer was murdered in prison. Production The film was shot from May through July 1992. See also Dahmer – A 2002 biographical true crime horror film (starring Jeremy Renner as Dahmer). My Friend Dahmer – A 2017 biographical drama film (starring Ross Lynch as Dahmer). The Jeffrey Dahmer Files – A 2012 independent documentary film. Dahmer – Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story – A 10-part biographical crime drama series that was commissioned by Netflix and released on September 21, 2022 (starring Evan Peters as Dahmer). References External links 1993 films Films set in Wisconsin Films about Jeffrey Dahmer American serial killer films Biographical films about serial killers Films about necrophilia 1990s English-language films 1990s American films", "title": "The Secret Life: Jeffrey Dahmer" }, { "docid": "61168683", "text": "Artel J. Great (born September 11, 1981) also known as Artel Kayàru, is an American actor and filmmaker. He is known for portraying Rodney in the 2002 film Dahmer. Personal life Great was born and raised in Chicago. He has been married since 2016; Nelsan Ellis was his best man at his wedding. Career Acting career Great moved to Los Angeles to pursue a career in acting and landed roles in the films Light It Up (1999) and Save the Last Dance (2001). In 2002, Great appeared opposite Jeremy Renner and Bruce Davison in David Jacobson's Dahmer (2002), a biographical film about serial killer Jeffrey Dahmer. The character he portrayed, Rodney, is based on Tracy Edwards, who was intended to be Dahmer's next murder victim but managed to escape from him and successfully turn him in to the authorities. For his performance in the film, Great was nominated for the Independent Spirit Award for Best Debut Performance. He lost the award to Nia Vardalos for My Big Fat Greek Wedding (2002). Great collaborated with Jacobson again in Down in the Valley (2005). He also appeared in the 2005 television movie Their Eyes Were Watching God and the 2009 film The Soloist. Other work On June 11, 2010, Great graduated summa cum laude from the UCLA School of Theater, Film and Television. Great earned his MA degree at UCLA and is a PhD candidate at New York University. In 2014, Great was announced a Cinema Research Institute Fellow at the New York University Tisch School of the Arts. Great is the creator of the Project Catalyst app, which he developed at the New York University Cinema Research Institute. Great worked as a film studies professor at the University of North Carolina at Wilmington starting in 2019. As of 2023, he is a professor of African-American cinema studies at San Francisco State University. Select filmography Save the Last Dance (2001) Dahmer (2002) Down in the Valley (2005) The Alibi (2006) Heavens Fall (2006) The Soloist (2009) References External links Living people 1981 births Male actors from Chicago American male film actors American male television actors African-American male actors 20th-century American male actors 21st-century American male actors University of North Carolina at Wilmington faculty Tisch School of the Arts alumni University of California, Los Angeles alumni 20th-century African-American academics 20th-century American academics 21st-century African-American academics 21st-century American academics San Francisco State University faculty", "title": "Artel Great" }, { "docid": "16720426", "text": "\"Catch Me (I'm Falling)\" is a song released by American group Pretty Poison in 1987. It features a sample of the bass from René & Angela's 1985 popular song \"I'll Be Good\". It was included on the soundtrack to the film Hiding Out, which starred Jon Cryer and came out the same year; the song later appeared on Pretty Poison's debut album of the same name. It was the group's biggest hit single to date, peaking at number one on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart in late September 1987. Later that same year, the song charted inside the top ten of the Billboard Hot 100 chart, peaking at number eight and remaining in the top 40 for 14 weeks. The single was certified gold by the RIAA on March 9, 1989. In the UK the song entered the Top 100 for two weeks at the end of January 1988 and peaked at number 85. Charts Year-end charts Popular culture This song is featured in the movies Kickin' It Old Skool and The Big Sick. This song is featured in the seventh episode of the fourth season of TV series Breaking Bad. In 2009, VH1 ranked \"Catch Me (I'm Falling)\" number 47 on its program 100 Greatest One-Hit Wonders of the '80s. RuPaul lip syncs to the song in an episode of his new Netflix series AJ and The Queen. An interpolation of \"Catch Me (I'm Falling)\" was used on Joss Stone's song \"Proper Nice\", taken from her 2007 album Introducing Joss Stone. This song is featured in the Netflix series Cheer during a montage in the series first episode. This song is featured in the Netflix series Dahmer – Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story as Jeffrey falls under the influence of drugs before he kills his second victim Steve Tuomi. References 1987 songs 1987 singles Music videos directed by Bob Giraldi Virgin Records singles", "title": "Catch Me (I'm Falling)" }, { "docid": "5060456", "text": "Dahmer is a 2002 American drama film written and directed by David Jacobson, and co-written by David Birke. A limited theatrical release, it is based on the crimes of Jeffrey Dahmer, a serial killer, who killed seventeen young men and boys in Bath, Ohio and Milwaukee, Wisconsin between 1978 and 1991. It stars Jeremy Renner as Dahmer, and co-stars Artel Great, Matt Newton, Dion Basco and Bruce Davison. Plot Jeffrey Dahmer is a shy and socially awkward man living alone in metropolitan Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Troubled by a turbulent childhood and his religious father's denial of his homosexuality, Dahmer lures attractive young men home, where he conducts experiments on and kills them, trying to create a living zombie who will never leave or judge him. Flashbacks to Dahmer's past reveal that he killed his first victim, a hitchhiker whom he picked up in his hometown of Bath, Ohio, when he was a teenager. The flashbacks also reveal his strained relationship with his father, Lionel, and Dahmer's alcoholism. In the present, Dahmer rationalizes his crimes, which include rape and necrophilia, in Milwaukee over the divorce of his parents and his emotionally isolated childhood. At a knife shop, Dahmer meets a charismatic young gay Black man named Rodney and invites him home, intending to murder him, but as the night goes on and the conversations get more personal, Dahmer is faced with an emotional crisis; Rodney confesses his romantic feelings for Dahmer, but finds him evasive. During the course of their evening together, Dahmer nearly strangles Rodney with a belt, but Rodney escapes from the apartment. The film ends with a flashback to Dahmer as a teenager, going to a therapy session at his father's behest. Before dropping Dahmer off, Lionel offers to always listen to his son about anything that he wants to talk to him about. When Dahmer arrives at the therapist's office, however, he turns away from the door and walks off into the woods. An intertitle then explains that Dahmer was found guilty of killing at least fifteen men, and was killed in prison by another inmate in 1994 after serving two years of his life sentence. Cast Production Writer and director David Jacobson was inspired to create the film after hearing an interview with Jeffrey Dahmer's father, Lionel, on NPR, and after reading an article which stated, \"Dahmer claimed he killed those guys because he was too afraid to lose them.\" The film was heavily based on both Court TV's coverage of Dahmer's trial and A Father's Story, a book written by Dahmer's father, Lionel. Multiple producers were contacted by Jacobson in hopes that they would collaborate on the film, but many of them were disgusted by the explicit content, with the director stating that he had \"sent out a 4-page statement on how he truly felt about the film, and what it was about.\" Jacobson managed to make Dahmer in 18 days. The film was promoted using the longer title Dahmer: The Mind is a Place of", "title": "Dahmer (film)" }, { "docid": "2074653", "text": "Dahmer is a concept album and third studio album by American grindcore/death metal band Macabre about Jeffrey Dahmer released in 2000. The songs comprise a biography of the life of Jeffrey Dahmer; therefore they are in chronological order. Track listing \"Dog Guts\" – 3:15 \"Hitchhiker\" – 3:30 \"In the Army Now\" – 1:29 \"Grandmother's House\" – 2:27 \"Blood Bank\" – 2:17 \"Exposure\" – 2:15 \"Ambassador Hotel\" – 3:52 \"How 'Bout Some Coffee\" – 1:58 \"Bath House\" – 1:53 \"Jeffrey Dahmer and the Chocolate Factory\" – 1:01 \"Apartment 213\" – 2:38 \"Drill Bit Lobotomy\" – 1:39 \"Jeffrey Dahmer Blues\" – 2:28 \"McDahmers\" – 1:30 \"Into the Toilet with You\" – 1:43 \"Coming to Chicago\" – 1:36 \"Scrub a Dub Dub\" – 3:23 \"Konerak\" – 1:51 \"Media Circus\" – 0:22 \"Temple of Bones\" – 1:39 \"Trial\" – 2:04 \"Do the Dahmer\" – 1:35 \"Baptized\" – 1:31 \"Christopher Scarver\" – 2:23 \"Dahmer's Dead\" – 0:33 \"The Brain\" – 1:17 Influences Several songs take the tune of popular American songs and attach different lyrics to them: “When Johnny Comes Marching Home” (“In the Army Now”) “Over the River and Through the Wood” (“Grandmother's House”) “Charlie and the Chocolate Factory” (“Jeffrey Dahmer and the Chocolate Factory”) Many of the songs also allude to aspects of American popular culture, examples being how \"McDahmers\" refers to the McDonald's Corporation and its use of “McWords” as well as its former slogan of being \"a happy place\". Personnel Macabre Corporate Death - lead vocals, guitars Nefarious - bass, backing vocals Dennis The Menace - drums Production Neil Kernon - production References 2000 albums Albums produced by Neil Kernon Concept albums Works about Jeffrey Dahmer Macabre (band) albums", "title": "Dahmer (album)" }, { "docid": "57613645", "text": "Michelle Buteau (born July 24, 1977) is an American stand-up comedian, actress, television host, producer, and podcast host. Early life Buteau was born in New Jersey to a Haitian father of partial Lebanese descent and a Jamaican mother of partial French descent. She attended college at Florida International University and was considering a career in journalism before moving into comedy. Career Buteau started performing comedy a few days after September 11, 2001. After five years as a stand-up comedian, Buteau landed her first television spot on Comedy Central. In 2017, Buteau was listed as one of ten comedians to watch by Esquire. In 2018, Buteau started hosting the Late Night Whenever! podcast, which was labeled as \"one of the best podcasts of 2018 so far\" by Time. Buteau was also part of The Comedy Lineup on Netflix where up and coming comedians have 15 minute stand-up sets. In 2019, Buteau appeared in the movies: Someone Great, Isn't It Romantic, Sell By, and Always Be My Maybe. She also began hosting the WNYC podcast, Adulting, with co-host Jordan Carlos. That same year, Buteau appeared in two television series: First Wives Club and Tales of the City. In 2020, Buteau started hosting The Circle, a reality TV show on Netflix. In 2020, Buteau published her first book, a collection of personal essays titled Survival of the Thickest, with Gallery Books, an imprint of Simon & Schuster. A TV adaptation of the memoir premiered July 13, 2023 on Netflix. Buteau's Michelle Buteau: Welcome to Buteaupia won a 2021 Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Comedy Special. In June 2022, it was announced that Buteau is set to take part in a movie directed by Pamela Adlon. Buteau will play the role of Dawn, the film's main character's best friend. One year later, she was cast in another film, Fixed for New Line Cinema. Personal life Buteau married Dutch photographer Gijs van der Most in 2010. Buteau and van der Most have twins who were born in January 2019 via surrogacy. She is Catholic. Filmography References External links American television actresses Living people Actresses from New Jersey American people of Haitian descent American actors of Jamaican descent American people of Lebanese descent American people of French descent American women comedians American film actresses American women podcasters American podcasters 21st-century American comedians American stand-up comedians Comedians from New Jersey 21st-century American actresses 1977 births African-American Catholics Catholics from New Jersey African-American female comedians", "title": "Michelle Buteau" }, { "docid": "2590560", "text": "Infinity Land is the third studio album by Scottish rock band Biffy Clyro, released on 4 October 2004 on Beggars Banquet. Overview The album saw the band move into darker territory, in terms of both sound and lyrical content. It also furthered various experiments from The Vertigo of Bliss, such as using 5/4 time (\"There is no Such Thing as a Jaggy Snake\"), multiple time changes, key changes, instrumental variation, unpredictable riffs and complex song structures. The album contains a hidden track, \"Tradition Feed\". After the final track, \"Pause And Turn It Up\", approximately 18 minutes of silence precedes a short poem, read by Simon Neil. \"Tradition Feed\" can also be found as a B-side to the vinyl 7\" single \"Only One Word Comes To Mind\". As with each of the band's first three albums, it has been played in full once only, on 15 December 2005 at King Tut's Wah Wah Hut in Glasgow. \"Only One Word Comes to Mind\" reached #27 on the UK Singles Chart. \"Glitter And Trauma\", \"My Recovery Injection\", and \"Only One Word Comes To Mind\" were released as singles in edited forms. \"There's No Such Thing As A Jaggy Snake\" was released as digital download. \"Got Wrong\" was considered for the final single but lost out to \"Only One Word Comes To Mind\". The cover art was created by Chris Fleming, who also created the cover art for all the singles from Infinity Land. Simon Neil has stated in various interviews that the title Infinity Land is a reference to serial killer Jeffrey Dahmer. Track listing Release history Infinity Land was released in the UK in 2004. References External links Official Biffy Clyro Website 'Dahmer' interview Short article on Tradition Feed Chris Fleming's Website 2004 albums Biffy Clyro albums Albums produced by Chris Sheldon Beggars Banquet Records albums", "title": "Infinity Land" }, { "docid": "5750730", "text": "Jesse Michael Anderson (May 3, 1957 – November 30, 1994) was an American convicted of the murder of his wife, Barbara Anderson. He had also wounded himself at the time, and told police that the couple had been attacked by two black men. While incarcerated at Columbia Correctional Institution in Wisconsin, Anderson was murdered in 1994 by fellow inmate and convicted murderer Christopher Scarver. Jeffrey Dahmer, a convicted serial killer, was also fatally attacked by Scarver after a confrontation when the three were on a work detail together. Early life Anderson was raised in Alton, Illinois. When he was a teenager, his father died of a heart attack and his mother remarried. He attended Alton High School and graduated in 1975. In 1980, Anderson married Debra Ann Eickert. They divorced in 1984. That year, Anderson also graduated with a degree in Business Administration from Elmhurst College. On March 30, 1985, he married Barbara E. Lynch in Chicago, Illinois. The Andersons later lived in Cedarburg, Wisconsin, with their three young children. Anderson was treasurer of the Lions Club and did volunteer work at the Divine Word Catholic Church. Murder of Barbara Anderson On April 21, 1992, the Anderson couple went to a movie and dinner at a TGI Fridays outside the Northridge Mall in northwest Milwaukee. After dinner, Anderson stabbed Barbara five times in the face and head, and then stabbed himself four times in the chest. Most of his wounds were superficial. Barbara went into a coma and died from her wounds two days later. Anderson claimed that two black men had attacked him and his wife. He gave police a Los Angeles Clippers basketball cap he said he had knocked off the head of one of the assailants. When details of the crime were made public, a university student told police Anderson had purchased the hat from him a few days earlier. Police investigation found that, according to employees at a military surplus store, the red-handled fishing knife that was used to kill Barbara was sold to Anderson a few weeks earlier. Police stated that the store was the only one in Milwaukee that sold that type of knife. On April 29, Anderson was charged with murder. On August 13, he was convicted in a jury trial. He was sentenced to life in prison, with the possibility of parole after 60 years. Death On the morning of November 28, 1994, while imprisoned at Columbia Correctional Institution, Anderson and serial killer Jeffrey Dahmer were left unattended while cleaning a restroom at the prison gymnasium with fellow inmate Christopher Scarver. After a confrontation with Dahmer and Anderson on the cleaning detail, Scarver retrieved a steel bar from the weight room, followed Dahmer to the locker room, and fatally struck him on the head. He tracked down Anderson and bludgeoned him as well. Dahmer was declared dead about one hour after the attack. Anderson died two days later after doctors at the University of Wisconsin Hospital in Madison removed him from life", "title": "Jesse Anderson" }, { "docid": "37176601", "text": "Aperture Entertainment is a management/production company founded by Adam Goldworm in March 2009. History Aperture Entertainment reps a wide array of writers, directors, and actors including Cory Goodman (Priest, Lore, The Brood, The Last Witch Hunter), Jeremy Passmore (Special, Red Dawn) & Andre Fabrizio (San Andreas 3D The Prince, Nocturne), Tao Ruspoli (Fix), Simon Rumley (Red White & Blue, The Living and the Dead), Scott Mann (Heist), Steven C. Miller (Escape Plan 2, Marauders), and Jeremy Lott (Man At Arms, Lore). The company also reps a number of actors including actress/singer Jessica Lowndes (90210, Altitude), actress Alex Essoe ( Starry Eyes). Aperture Entertainment is currently producing several films including Vice written by his clients Jeremy Passmore & Andre Fabrizio and starring Bruce Willis, and The Prince also written by Passmore and Fabrizio and starring Bruce Willis, Jason Patric, John Cusack, 50 Cent and Aperture client Jessica Lowndes, Warner Bros.'s horror action film Lore written by Aperture clients Cory Goodman and Jeremy Lott, based on Ashley Wood's IDW graphic novel Lore starring Dwayne \"The Rock\" Turner directed by Men in Blacks Barry Sonnenfeld, Summit Entertainment's horror action film The Last Witch Hunter starring Vin Diesel with Breck Eisner (The Crazies) directing a script written by Aperture client Cory Goodman, MGM's remake of David Cronenberg's body horror classic The Brood and adaptations of cult novel Snuff written by Chuck Palahniuk and My Friend Dahmer written by award winning political cartoonist Derf Backderf based on the teenage life of serial killer Jeffrey Dahmer. Aperture Entertainment is also actively producing television including Haunted at ABC with Jon Turteltaub (National Treasure) directing and the comedy series Saint James St. James Presents Delirium Cinema at IFC. Partial film filmographyThe Prince (2014)Vice (2015)The Last Witch Hunter (2014)Lore (2015)Man At Arms (2015)Apocalypse: Undead (2015)The Brood (2015)Taste (2015)My Friend Dahmer (2017)Snuff (2015) Partial TV filmographyThe Factory Series (2015)Jackass of All Trades (2014)Nemesis: The Final Case of Eliot Ness'' (2015) References Film production companies of the United States Entertainment companies based in California Entertainment companies established in 2009 2009 establishments in California", "title": "Aperture Entertainment" }, { "docid": "274551", "text": "That '70s Show is an American television teen sitcom that aired on Fox from August 23, 1998, to May 18, 2006. The series focuses on the lives of a group of six teenage friends living in the fictional town of Point Place, Wisconsin, from 1976 to 1979. The main cast features Topher Grace, Mila Kunis, Ashton Kutcher, Danny Masterson, Laura Prepon, Wilmer Valderrama, Lisa Robin Kelly, Debra Jo Rupp, Kurtwood Smith, Don Stark, Tommy Chong, and Tanya Roberts. In 1999, the show was remade for the ITV network in the United Kingdom as Days Like These using almost verbatim scripts with minor changes to cultural references. A sequel series, That '90s Show, set in 1995 and focusing on the children of the main characters of That '70s Show, was released on Netflix on January 19, 2023. Cast {{Main\|List of That '70s and '90s Show characters\|l1=List of That '70s, and 90s Show characters}} Young cast Topher Grace as Eric Forman (seasons 1–7; uncredited guest season 8): Eric is a nice person, physically slight and somewhat clumsy. He has a fast wit and a deadpan sense of humor. His obsession with movies, particularly Star Wars, is often referred to throughout the show. For seven seasons Eric is in a relationship with his longtime love and neighbor Donna Pinciotti. His father, Red, is always hard on him. He convinces his parents to let his best friend Steven Hyde move in with them, making Hyde like a brother. He decides to become a teacher after high school and he leaves the series at the end of the seventh season to teach in Africa. Although Eric is mentioned at least once in every episode, he does not appear during the final season until the end of the series finale. Mila Kunis as Jackie Burkhart: The youngest member of the group, Jackie starts the series as the pretty, spoiled rich, selfish, oftentimes annoying immature girl. She likes to give thoughtless and superficial advice, which occasionally turns out to be correct. As the series progresses she becomes more genuine, after her father, a crooked politician, goes to jail and her fortunes take a reversal. Partly as a result of these changes, she and Donna become better friends. By the end of the series, Jackie had dated three of the four guys of the group: Kelso, Hyde and Fez. Ashton Kutcher as Michael Kelso (seasons 1–7; special guest season 8): Kelso is the dumb pretty boy of the group, who hopes to coast through life on his good looks. He spends the first half of the series in a relationship with the equally vapid Jackie. Their relationship comes to an end when Laurie (Eric's older sister) reveals their affair to Jackie. Kelso fathers a daughter, named Betsy, from his relationship with a librarian named Brooke during the seventh season. He becomes a police officer, but is fired for utter incompetence. In the fourth episode of the eighth and final season, he becomes a security guard at a Chicago", "title": "That '70s Show" }, { "docid": "42530665", "text": "The video on demand Internet streaming media provider, Netflix, performs April Fools' Day practical jokes on its subscribers. These jokes have included overly detailed categories for films, comic public service announcements and two original films composed entirely of footage of food cooking. Jokes 2013 Netflix added overly detailed genres to its service, including \"Movies Starring Estelle Getty and Some Other Guy\" (with only the film Stop! Or My Mom Will Shoot listed), \"Reality TV About People With No Concept Of Reality,\" \"Surreal Ballets Based On A William Shatner Album\" (with only the film William Shatner's Gonzo Ballet), \"When You Watch Netflix, It Watches You\" (featuring videos with eyes on the cover), \"Movies And TV Shows About Seriously Pissed Off Wives,\" \"Movies Featuring An Epic Nicolas Cage Meltdown,\" \"Nephrotic Adventures Featuring Very Tiny Children\" (with only the film Chasing the Kidney Stone listed), \"Movies That Are in English, But Still Require Subtitles\" (with Snatch and Trainspotting), and \"TV Shows Where Defiantly Crossed Arms Mean Business!\" (featuring television shows with cover art showing people with their arms crossed). 2014 Netflix added two \"Netflix originals\" including Sizzling Bacon, a 20-minute feature of bacon cooking, and Rotisserie Chicken, a 73-minute feature of a chicken cooking on a rotisserie. 2015 Netflix created a series of public service announcements, warning users of the \"dangers of binge-watching.\" Thirteen messages were created, starring actors and actresses from Netflix original programming shows, such as Michael Kelly from House of Cards (telling the viewer to go to work) and Selenis Leyva from Orange Is the New Black providing a bilingual message (Spanish and English) encouraging the viewer to do their homework. The PSAs would play when the viewer watched two episodes of the same show in a row. 2016 Netflix again added overly detailed genres to its service, but all having something to do with John Stamos of Full House such as \"Horror Movies that give John Stamos the Heebie-Jeebies\" and \"Movies that make John Stamos feel emotions.\" The next day, the site issued a humorous apology to Stamos in an exclusive video. 2017 On March 31, Netflix added a new featured Netflix Original titled Netflix Live. The show features 48 minutes of comedy actor Will Arnett providing commentary on \"live crosses\" to tediously mundane footage, mostly featuring office settings and appliances. The featured settings were a photocopier, a microwave, a toaster, two people thumb wrestling (who turned out to be Adam Sandler and Shannon Purser), a crossword puzzle, a refrigerator (from the inside with the door closed), a pencil sharpener, an office cubicle, a book of Shakespeare (being read), a driver parallel parking (poorly), nighttime, a puddle, and grass. During each scene, Arnett appears in a box in the bottom-left of the screen giving running commentary. Some of his witticisms were: (About the copy room) “Everything in here is so organized. Must be a German in this office, huh?” (As the microwave counted down) “If you listen to Jared Leto, apparently you can get to Mars in 30 seconds.", "title": "Netflix April Fools' Day jokes" }, { "docid": "61452292", "text": "JayR Tinaco (born 5 January 1989) is a Filipino-Australian actor, known for his role as Zayn Petrossian in the Netflix series Another Life and Dr. Xyler in Space Force. Early life Tinaco was born in Manila, Philippines, and grew up in Queensland, Australia. Early in his career, agents told Tinaco that he needed to do more \"straight acting\". Tinaco later told Variety \"When you’re an actor starting out and you have an agent telling you this, you want to listen because you want to make it and you want to work.\" Career Tinaco started a career working in the hospitality industry in Sydney. In 2009, he won his first television role performing a trapped student in two episodes of the Australian series Home and Away. Between 2012 and 2015, Tinaco appeared in short films such as Simone Pietro Felice's The Life Again, Samuel Leighton-Dore's Showboy (in which he portrays a drag queen), and The Wake by Leigh Joel Scott. In 2016, he appeared in two episodes of the Australian series Rake. Tinaco moved to Canada to pursue his acting dreams back in early 2017. In September 2018, Tinaco joined Katee Sackhoff, Tyler Hoechlin, Justin Chatwin, Samuel Anderson and Elizabeth Ludlow in the American series Another Life, broadcast on Netflix. Tinaco played Zayn Petrossian, the non-binary military doctor aboard the spaceship Salvare. It ran for two seasons from 2019 to 2021. The same year, Tinaco appeared as the restaurant's host in the Netflix film Always Be My Maybe. Tinaco also appears as Dr. Xyler in the second season of the Netflix series Space Force, which was released in February 2022. Personal life Tinaco is non-binary. Regarding his pronouns, he says, \"I still identify with the pro-nouns He/His/Him in my personal life, but I have friends that call me 'They' or even 'she' and I’m okay with that.\" Filmography Movies 2015: Drown by Dean Francis: Dan 2019: Always Be My Maybe by Nahnachka Khan: Saintly Fare Host 2021: Swan Song by Benjamin Cleary: Alex TV shows 2009: Home and Away: a trapped student (2 episodes) 2016: Rake: Qi (2 episodes) 2019-2021: Another Life: Zayn Petrossian (20 episodes). 2020: A Million Little Things: Stevie (1 episode) 2022: Space Force: Dr Xyler 2023: The Fall of the House of Usher: Short films 2012: Your Life Again by Simone Pietro Felice: Alan 2014: Showboy by Samuel Leighton-Dore: the drag queen References External links Australian television actors 1991 births Living people Australian non-binary actors 21st-century Australian LGBT people", "title": "JayR Tinaco" }, { "docid": "25734947", "text": "Matthew Newton (born May 11, 1977) is an American actor, filmmaker and acting coach. Personal life Born in New Haven, Connecticut, Newton was raised in Guilford, Connecticut. He is the son of Thomas Newton and Jennifer Newton (nee. Chase), whose parents were arranger and composer Bruce Chase and violinist Fannie (née Paschell) Chase. He is of English, Czech, Norwegian, French, and Scottish descent. Newton is a first cousin once removed of the actress Sienna Miller. He began performing musicals and plays at local theaters while in high school. Following graduation from high school, Newton studied at the Eugene O'Neill Theater Center and Vassar College, from which he graduated with a B.A. in Drama. Newton moved to New York City in 1999 and landed roles in various television series, including that of Alan, the blind football player, in the Comedy Central hit Strangers With Candy, and guest appearances on Judging Amy and Gilmore Girls. His first film role was opposite Jeremy Renner and Bruce Davison in the independent film Dahmer (2002), which was nominated for three Independent Spirit Awards. His sister, Becki Newton, is an actress who appeared as Amanda Tanen in Ugly Betty, and his brother-in-law, Chris Diamantopoulos, is featured in the television series 24. Newton's mother, Jennifer, is an artist, and his aunt, Stephanie Chase, is a classical violinist. Newton makes his home in New Canaan, CT. Career Newton started his professional career as a television and film actor, before becoming a filmmaker and acclaimed acting coach. As an actor, Newton guest starred on Dragnet, Strangers with Candy, Family Law, Dragnet, JAG, Royal Pains, Ugly Betty, Drake and Josh Go Hollywood, Miracles, The Americans, All My Children, Gilmore Girls, and starred in the films Van Wilder, Poster Boy, Dahmer, and The Men Who Stare at Goats, and appeared in countless commercials. In 2010 Newton started his own acting studio (MN Acting Studio) in NYC, and became a sought after acting coach. His coaching credits include Jessica Jones, Orange is the New Black, Blue Bloods, The Affair, Master of None, and Ava Duvernay’s When They See Us on Netflix. In 2016 Newton turned to directing, and wrote and produced several short films, including Hide/Seek, Vacation Rental (winner Best Director), Pretty People Inc, and Sins of the Son. In 2020 Newton published the book The No B.S. Guide to the Acting Biz, which was ranked by Forbes as \"Top 5 Books to Read in an Uncertain Market.\" Filmography References External links 1977 births Living people Male actors from New Haven, Connecticut American male film actors American male television actors American people of Czech descent American people of English descent People from Guilford, Connecticut Vassar College alumni", "title": "Matt Newton" }, { "docid": "60572729", "text": "Malibu Rescue is an American comedy television series created by Savage Steve Holland and Scott McAboy for Netflix. It premiered as a special feature-length film on May 13, 2019, followed by the first season on June 3, 2019. Netflix commissioned a second film in September 2019, Malibu Rescue: The Next Wave, which premiered on August 4, 2020 and ran as the number four watched movie that week. . The series stars Ricardo Hurtado, Jackie R. Jacobson, Abby Donnelly, Alkoya Brunson and Breanna Yde. Plot After getting in trouble one too many times, Tyler's stepfather punishes him by sending him to the Malibu Junior Rescue Program. There, Tyler meets a ragtag group of children from the Valley. Together, the group sets to prove that they deserve to participate in the program along with all the other children from Malibu. When the program director, Garvin Cross, reveals that he only let Tyler and the rest of the Flounders into the program so that they would fail and he would not have to take children from the Valley anymore, Tyler and the Flounders come together as a team to win a big lifeguard competition and earn their own tower for the summer. Cast and characters Main Ricardo Hurtado as Tyler Gossard, an overly-competitive teenage boy, forced to join the Malibu Junior Rescue by his stepfather as punishment Jackie R. Jacobson as Dylan, the Flounders' first-time tower captain, who lacks self-confidence and is the first female tower captain Abby Donnelly as Lizzie McGrath, a bubbly and spunky teenager with a dark side, who has an overprotective mother and is in a relationship with Eric Alkoya Brunson as Eric Mitchell, the heart of the group. He is in a relationship with Lizzie. Breanna Yde as Gina, a tough and self-assured athlete who tries to live up to her family's legacy of great swimmers Recurring Ian Ziering as Garvin Cross, the director of the program determined to get the Flounders kicked out of the program JT Neal as Brody, a returning tower captain who hates the Flounders and wants them kicked out Bryana Salaz as Logan, Brody's friend, who eventually befriends Dylan. She lost her chance to become a tower captain because there is usually only one girl captain Jeremy Howard as Vooch, a bus driver and friend of the Flounders who also operates a food truck Camaron Engels as Spencer, Brody's friend and captain for Tower 3. Zahf Paroo as Thornton Pavey, a rich donor who later runs the Malibu junior rescue program to sabotage the Flounders Ryder Blackburn as Beans, a lifeguard friend who seems to always be getting into trouble or sleeping Jeff Meacham as Roger Gossard, Tyler's stepfather Ella Gross as Sasha Gossard, Tyler's stepsister Guest Episodes Movie (2019) Season 1 (2019) Movie (2020) References External links Pacific Bay Entertainment website Malibu Rescue Press Release Malibu Rescue at Rotten Tomatoes Malibu Rescue The Series at Rotten Tomatoes Malibu Rescue Season 2 Press Release 2019 American television series debuts 2020 American television series", "title": "Malibu Rescue" }, { "docid": "74115339", "text": "Lionel Herbert Dahmer (; July 29, 1936 – December 5, 2023) was an American chemist and author known as the father of serial killer Jeffrey Dahmer. In 1994, he wrote A Father's Story, a non-fictional account on his son's upbringing, subsequent progress to become a world-wide-known serial killer and its aftermath. Lionel's figure has been controversial in the subsequent years since his son's crimes, as both he and his first wife were accused of neglecting Jeffrey during his childhood. Early life and education Lionel Herbert Dahmer was born in West Allis, Wisconsin, on July 29, 1936, to Herbert Walter Dahmer, a high-school math teacher and barber, whom Dahmer described as \"a good father, as caring and concerned as any child would wish,\" and Catherine Jemima Hughes, an elementary school history teacher. Dahmer received his primary education and secondary education at local Wisconsin schools and enjoyed a relatively good childhood. First marriage and career Dahmer enrolled in the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1954 and obtained his BS in chemistry in 1959. Dahmer married later that year, on August 22, to a 23-year-old teletype instructor named Joyce Annette Flint (1936–2000). In A Father's Story, Dahmer related that, from the very beginning, their marriage struggled due to Joyce's poor mental health and irascible and tempestuous behavior and his own inability to fully keep up with it. Shortly after Joyce got pregnant, she began to suffer seizure episodes, apparently from their neighbor's kitchen's foul odors, which caused them to move out to Dahmer's parents' home, shortly before their firstborn's delivery in early 1960, to receive attention from his parents. During the latter months of the pregnancy, Joyce suffered from increased mental breakdowns and seizures, which, according to her doctor \"were rooted in Joyce's mental, rather than physical state\" and which aggravated her already severe prescription barbiturates and morphine addiction, to the point of taking as \"many as twenty-six pills a day\" and being constantly sedated to ease her pain. Decades after, he reflected about the long-lasting and eventual terminal effect in his marriage: During the early years of Jeffrey's life, Dahmer's academic responsibilities and, later on, long work shifts prevented him from spending enough time with his wife and children. Shortly after Jeffrey's birth, Dahmer received a Master of Science degree from Marquette University in 1962. Later, he enrolled at Iowa State University, where he earned a Doctor of Philosophy degree in October 1966. He described himself as average, even considered himself a mediocre student: After divorcing Joyce in 1978, Dahmer married Shari Jordan, and moved to Granger, Ohio. In between his time at Marquette and Iowa Universities, Dahmer worked for PPG Industries. Personal life and death In 2020, Dahmer appeared in Jeffrey Dahmer: Mind of a Monster. In 2022, Dahmer considered suing Netflix over the series Dahmer – Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story. Dahmer lived in Seville, Ohio, in his later years. His second wife, Shari, died in January 2023, and he died from a heart attack eleven months later, at a hospice", "title": "Lionel Dahmer" }, { "docid": "10505921", "text": "\"Cannibal\" is a song by American recording artist and songwriter Kesha, from her first EP of the same name (2010). The song was written by Kesha alongside Pebe Sebert, Joshua Coleman and Mathieu Jomphe, with production completed by Ammo and Billboard. The song was released as a promotional single as part of the countdown to Kesha's EP Cannibal on November 9, 2010. Background and recording The track was written by Kesha Sebert, Joshua Coleman, Mathieu Jomphe and Pebe Sebert, whilst Ammo and Billboard produced the track. The track was recorded in September 2010 at Conway Recording Studios in Hollywood, Los Angeles, California. The song serves as the title track to her first EP, Cannibal and was written, recorded and completed only weeks before the release of the EP. Promotion and release Upon its initial release, the song charted on Canadian and American Billboard charts at numbers 62 and 77, respectively. Kesha performed the song on her tours Get Sleazy Tour (2011) and Kesha and the Creepies: Fuck the World Tour (2016-2017). Composition Kesha employs a rap-sing style on the track where she raps lyrics like \"Whenever you tell me I'm pretty / That's when the hunger really hits me\" and \"I have a heart I swear I do / Just not baby when it comes to you\". \"Cannibal\", makes use of synth and dance driven backings while Kesha sings about maneater tendencies and makes a reference to notorious serial-killer Jeffrey Dahmer. This song is set in the key of F minor with a tempo of 130 BPM. Her vocal range spans from low note of F4 to high note of F5. Present throughout the song are snippets of Kesha yodeling. The use of autotune and vocoders are prominent throughout the track, also. In popular culture In February 2020, the song gained viral status following a dance trend using it on the TikTok app. Following the revival of interest in the song, the song reentered numerous charts, becoming a top 40 single in Canada. In response, Kesha joined the app and released a video of herself performing the viral dance routine alongside Charli D'Amelio and released a lyric video for the song. Controversy Following renewed interest in cannibalistic serial killer Dahmer due to the 2022 Netflix series Dahmer – Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story, the song was criticized for a line in which he is referenced. In the second verse, Kesha sings \"Be too sweet and you’ll be a goner / Yeah, I’ll pull a Jeffrey Dahmer.\" Co-writer Pebe Sebert defended Kesha and the song's other writers on TikTok, taking responsibility for writing the lyric and apologizing for offending the families of Dahmer's victims. Very shortly after the release of the Netflix series, Kesha appeared as a musical guest in Hulu's variety special, Huluween Dragstravaganza, where a pre-filmed performance of the song was featured. As a result of the controversy, the lyric was edited and removed. Charts Certifications References 2010 songs Kesha songs Obscenity controversies in music RCA Records singles Song", "title": "Cannibal (Kesha song)" }, { "docid": "51650949", "text": "Noah Cameron Schnapp (born October 3, 2004) is an American actor. He gained recognition for playing Will Byers in the Netflix science fiction horror series Stranger Things. He had a supporting role in Steven Spielberg's historical drama Bridge of Spies (2015) and has voiced Charlie Brown in the animated film The Peanuts Movie (2015). Early life Schnapp was born in New York City to Mitchell and Karine Schnapp (née Perez), and was raised in Scarsdale, New York. He is Jewish and had his bar mitzvah in Israel. He has a twin sister. He holds both U.S. and Canadian citizenship. His father is of Russian Jewish descent, while his mother is of Moroccan Jewish descent. Schnapp's desire to act started when he was about five years old after watching the Broadway production of Annie. He performed acting roles in school and community plays. When he was 8, his acting teacher suggested he attempt a professional career. Schnapp's parents registered him for an acting program at Star Kidz in Westchester, where he was guided by coach Alyson Isbrandtsen. It was under her guidance that he was subsequently introduced to MKS&D Talent Management, which opened up avenues for his career. Acting career Schnapp's acting debut was in the Academy Award-winning 2015 film Bridge of Spies, directed by Steven Spielberg. He played Roger, the son of character James B. Donovan. Concurrently, Schnapp voiced the lead character, Charlie Brown, in the animated movie The Peanuts Movie. He also voiced the character for the video game The Peanuts Movie: Snoopy's Grand Adventure. His breakthrough came in July 2016, when he began starring as Will Byers in the Netflix science fiction horror television series Stranger Things. He was promoted to series regular for the second season of the series, which premiered on October 27, 2017. Schnapp also starred in independent films like Abe (2019) and Waiting for Anya (2020). He appeared in the 2020 Halloween comedy film Hubie Halloween. In April 2022, Schnapp joined the cast of The Tutor. Other ventures In 2019, Schnapp launched a YouTube channel under his own name. Active for a year and a half, he primarily created vlogs and lifestyle videos. As of June 2022, the channel has 4.2million subscribers and has gained 110million views. In November 2021, he launched To Be Honest (TBH), a sustainability-focused snacking company he co-founded with Elena Guberman and Ba Minuzzi. In November 2022, Schnapp announced a crowdfunding campaign for this venture on the Republic platform that aimed to raise a maximum amount of $1.235million at a $15million valuation cap. In 2023, he launched TenderFix, a delivery-only virtual restaurant brand operated by IHOP with a menu of chicken tenders. Personal life , Schnapp attends the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, majoring in entrepreneurship and innovation. He is scheduled to graduate in 2026. Schnapp publicly came out as gay in a video posted to his TikTok account on January 5, 2023. The video saw him express relief that family and friends had accepted his coming out,", "title": "Noah Schnapp" }, { "docid": "38359766", "text": "Hart D. Fisher (born May 27, 1969) is an American horror crime author, comic book writer and publisher best known for creating a comic book about Jeffrey Dahmer and for founding Boneyard Press. Early life and education Fisher graduated in 1992 with a fine and applied arts bachelor's degree from the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign. Career Jeffrey Dahmer comics and Boneyard Press In 1992, while still in college, Fisher founded the publisher, Boneyard Press, in Champaign, Illinois. Fisher credits another artist, Mark Beachum, as his inspiration to create his own company. Boneyard's first release was Hart's comic book, Jeffrey Dahmer: An Unauthorized Biography of a Serial Killer. The comic was released in spring 1992, just a few months after Dahmer was sentenced to life in prison for his horrific crimes. Upon its release, protests were held in Milwaukee, where Dahmer had lived, as well as in Fisher's home town of Champaign. Cashing in on his notoriety, Fisher published additional Dahmer-themed comics shortly thereafter, including Jeffrey Dahmer vs. Jesus Christ #1 (February 1993) and Dahmer's Zombie Squad (1993). Fisher appeared on a 1993 episode of the Sally Jessy Raphael show and on a CNN show in 1994 to discuss criticism of the creation of the Dahmer comics. Besides Fisher's own work, Boneyard published \"mature readers\" material in the genres of unauthorized biographies, true crime, horror, and erotic comics. The company's longest-running title was the 12-issue horror anthology Flowers on the Razorwire (1993–1997). Creators published by Boneyard included John Cassaday, Troy Boyle, Gerard Way, J. G. Jones and Angel Gabriele. Threshold Press was a Boneyard Press imprint. In 1998, Boneyard Press published Stephen Elliott's first novel, Jones Inn. Boneyard had previously published some of Elliott's poetry in the Flowers on the Razorwire comics anthology. Boneyard operated from 1991 to 2003. Other work Fisher was a co-editor of Glenn Danzig's independent comic publisher Verotik from 1994 to 1995. In 1995, he and Christian Moore co-authored the comic A Taste of Cherry with which was released by Verotik. From 1995 to 1998, Fisher was a designer and copywriter for Sampson West Advertising. In 2003–2004, Fisher worked with a fellow horror writer/publisher, Joseph M. Monks, on a number of projects, including the books Road Kills (Chanting Monks Press, 2003) and Sex Crimes (co-published by Boneyard Press & Chanting Monks, 2003). Fisher directed the straight-to-video horror film, Flowers on the Razorwire: Chance Meeting (Crime Pays, 2004), which was written by Monks. In 2008, Fisher founded the film company American Horrors, a horror channel on FilmOn, and released on DVD the film The Garbage Man, which he wrote and produced, about an African-American serial killer. Media appearances In the early 1990s, Hero Illustrated magazine included Fisher on its \"100 Most Important People in the Comic Book Industry\", calling him the \"most dangerous man in comics\". The Larry King Live show in 2008 included a segment with Fisher about Jeffrey Dahmer memorabilia, including Fisher's comics. The episode also has a young Gerard Way of My Chemical Romance,", "title": "Hart D. Fisher" } ]	[ "November 3 , 2017" ]
train_21992	where is the white house correspondance dinner held	[ { "docid": "4790115", "text": "The White House Correspondents' Association (WHCA) is an organization of journalists who cover the White House and the president of the United States. The WHCA was founded on February 25, 1914, by journalists in response to an unfounded rumor that a United States congressional committee would select which journalists could attend press conferences of President Woodrow Wilson. The WHCA operates independently of the White House. Among the more notable issues handled by the WHCA are the credentialing process, access to the president and physical conditions in the White House press briefing rooms. Its most high-profile activity is the annual White House Correspondents' dinner, which is traditionally attended by the president and covered by the news media. Except for Donald Trump, every president has attended at least one WHCA dinner, beginning with Calvin Coolidge in 1924. Association leadership, 2023–2024 The leadership of the White House Correspondents' Association includes: Officers President: Kelly O'Donnell, NBC News Vice President: Eugene Daniels, Politico Treasurer: Weijia Jiang, CBS News Secretary: Sara Cook, CBS News Board members Andrew Harnik, Associated Press Jacqui Heinrich, Fox News Justin Sink, Bloomberg News Courtney Subramanian, Los Angeles Times Karen Travers, ABC News Executive Director Steven Thomma Association presidents White House press room The WHCA is responsible for assigned seating in the James S. Brady Press Briefing Room in the White House. White House Correspondents' dinner The WHCA's annual dinner, begun in 1921, has become a Washington, D.C. tradition, and is traditionally attended by the president and vice president. Except for Donald Trump, every president has attended at least one WHCA dinner, beginning with Calvin Coolidge in 1924. The dinner is traditionally held on the evening of the last Saturday in April at the Washington Hilton. Until 1962, the dinner was open only to men, even though WHCA's membership included women. At the urging of Helen Thomas, President John F. Kennedy refused to attend the dinner unless the ban on women was dropped. Prior to World War II, the annual dinner featured singing between courses, a homemade movie, and an hour-long, post-dinner show with big-name performers. Since 1983, the featured speaker has usually been a comedian, with the dinner taking on the form of a comedy roast of the president and his administration. The dinner also funds scholarships for gifted students in college journalism programs. Many annual dinners have been cancelled or downsized due to deaths or political crises. The dinner was cancelled in 1930 due to the death of former president William Howard Taft; in 1942, following the United States' entry into World War II; and in 1951, over what President Harry S. Truman called the \"uncertainty of the world situation.\" In 1981, Ronald Reagan did not attend because he was recuperating after the attempted assassination the previous month, but he did phone in and told a joke about the shooting. During his presidency, Donald Trump did not attend the dinners in 2017, 2018, and 2019. Trump indicated that he might attend in 2019 since this dinner did not feature a", "title": "White House Correspondents' Association" }, { "docid": "53082860", "text": "The Final Days is a humorous short film produced by the White House to screen at the White House Correspondents' Association annual dinner in April 2000. It stars then-President of the United States Bill Clinton as himself. The film was designed by officials of the outgoing Clinton administration to neutralize media portrayals of Bill Clinton as a \"lame duck\" president by exaggerating that narrative to the point of absurdity. Plot The Final Days is a comedic look at Clinton's last days in the White House as he approached lame duck status. In it, he is shown \"roaming the halls of an empty White House like a lost 222-pound [100 kg] puppy in search of a purpose\". Production Development The idea for the film came from Clinton's joke writer Mark Katz who had observed that a dominant media narrative in the late days of the 2000 election was that the incumbent president, whose wife was campaigning for U.S. Senate while national attention was focused on the presidential contest between Al Gore and George W. Bush, was \"increasingly being depicted as the lonely guy minding the store\". The film was intended to subvert that narrative by establishing ownership of it. In a 2007 analysis of rhetorical humor in American political communication, Michael Andrew Phillips-Anderson argued that the film satirized, not Clinton, but rather the media who had suggested the president had advanced to lame duck status. By showing Clinton involved in mundane tasks that would be extraordinary for a U.S. president to undertake, such as answering the White House switchboard and practicing origami, the film served to erode such assertions by highlighting their absurdity. Filming The Final Days was filmed in and around the White House. Ultimately, several sequences shot by director Philip Rosenthal were not incorporated into the film, including one showing a crossword puzzle-playing Clinton phoning Vladimir Putin on the Moscow–Washington hotline (also known as the \"red phone\") to ask \"what's a five-letter word for 'tasty Russian pancake'?\" The film's production was financed by the Democratic Party. Cast The Final Days starred Bill Clinton as himself, with cameo appearances by a number of journalists and U.S. government officials, including: Helen Thomas, Madeleine Albright, Sam Donaldson, and Al Gore. Kevin Spacey also makes a brief appearance, as himself, retrieving the Academy Award he won at that year's Oscars for Best Actor (in the film American Beauty) from Clinton. Commercial actor Mike Maronna plays the character \"Stuart\", a fictional White House staff member. Release The film's debuted at the White House Correspondents' Dinner held at the Washington Hilton on April 29, 2000. Reception The Final Days was well received by those attending the dinner. It was downloaded more than 200,000 times in the week following its debut, described by Entertainment Weekly as having gone \"viral\". Some criticized the film, however. Susan Silver, a staff writer for The Mary Tyler Moore Show and The Bob Newhart Show, predicted that, as a result of the film's success, future presidents would be judged by voters", "title": "The Final Days (2000 film)" }, { "docid": "61066112", "text": "The following is a timeline of the presidency of Bill Clinton from January 1, 1997, to December 31, 1997. January January 4 – President Clinton said he would approach his second term with a continued effort to prepare individuals for the 21st century. During a radio address, he reported a 50% increase in child support collections over the last four years. January 6 – President Clinton gave a speech at the Ecumenical Prayer Breakfast in the State Dining Room of the White House. January 9 – In a joint session of the United States Congress, the results for the Electoral College were counted. In his role as President of the Senate, Vice President Al Gore read the results and declared President Clinton the winner of the 1996 presidential election. January 20 – President Clinton was inaugurated for his second term. January 21 – President Clinton gave a speech at a Democratic National Committee meeting at the Washington Hilton and submitted a message to Congress on the continuation of Middle East terrorism. January 22 – President Clinton had a short exchange with reporters on the South Lawn over an explosion on 16th Street in Washington, D.C., and delivered an address at Stanley Field Middle School in Northbrook, Illinois. February February 4 – President Clinton delivered his annual State of the Union Address before a joint session of Congress. February 19 – Clinton delivered an address on the University of Massachusetts Boston campus (arranged in part by U.S. Representative Joe Moakley from Massachusetts's 9th congressional district). March March 3 – President Clinton submitted a message to Congress transferring the Second Supplementary Canada-United States Social Security Agreement. He held his sixth meeting with President of the Palestinian National Authority Yasser Arafat in the Oval Office in the morning and attended an East Room ceremony announcing the Coalition for America's Children during the afternoon. March 4 – President Clinton announced a prohibition on federal funding for human cloning during a morning appearance in the Oval Office. He proceeded to answer questions from reporters. March 10 – President Clinton and President of Egypt Hosni Mubarak held a joint news conference in the East Room during the afternoon. President Clinton made a statement on the decision of Senator Wendell Ford not to seek reelection to the Senate. March 11 – President Clinton delivered an address at the National Press Club. April April 10 – President Clinton spoke at the Radio and Television Correspondents' Association's annual dinner. April 26 – President Clinton spoke at the White House Correspondents' Dinner. May June July July 1 – President Clinton announced the Electronic Commerce Initiative in the East Room. He said his administration intended to implement the initiative by the first day of the year 2000, and issued a memorandum on electronic commerce to the leaders of executive departments and agencies. He also signed a proclamation implementing the Information Technology Agreement. He released a statement the same day stating that the agreement would \"cut to zero tariffs on a vast", "title": "Timeline of the Bill Clinton presidency (1997)" }, { "docid": "11732002", "text": "The Washington Hilton is a Hilton hotel in Washington, D.C. It is located at 1919 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., roughly at the boundaries of the Kalorama, Dupont Circle, and Adams Morgan neighborhoods. The Washington Hilton, located on the former site of the Oak Lawn estate, was designed by architect William B. Tabler and developed by Uris Buildings Corporation. A groundbreaking ceremony was held on June 25, 1962 and the hotel officially opened three years later, on March 25, 1965. The hotel structure features a distinctive double-arched design. It long sported the largest pillar-less hotel ballroom in the city. Numerous large events have been regularly hosted at the Hilton Washington, including the annual dinners of the White House Correspondents Association and the Radio and Television Correspondents Association, as well as the National Prayer Breakfast. During the 1960s and 1970s, the hotel hosted a number of big musical acts for concerts in their large ballroom, including The Doors and Jimi Hendrix. In 1972 it was home to the first International Conference on Computer Communications which demonstrated new ARPANET technology. The hotel was the site of the assassination attempt on President Ronald Reagan by John Hinckley Jr. on March 30, 1981. The attempt occurred at the hotel's T Street NW exit. As a result, the hotel is sometimes colloquially referred to by locals as the \"Hinckley Hilton\". The hotel was renamed the Hilton Washington in 1998. It was purchased in June 2007 by an investment firm jointly owned by former professional basketball star Magic Johnson. From 2009–2010 it underwent a $150 million renovation. When that was completed, the hotel returned to its original name. References External links Official site Ladies and Gentlement, From Los Angeles, California ... The Doors! – 1967 Doors concert at Washington Hilton Hendrix Plays the Washington Hilton (1968) – 1968 Jimi Hendrix concert at the Washington Hilton and review from the Washington Post Hotel buildings completed in 1965 Brutalist architecture in Washington, D.C. Washington Skyscraper hotels in Washington, D.C. Hotels established in 1965 Dupont Circle Adams Morgan Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan 1965 establishments in Washington, D.C.", "title": "Washington Hilton" } ]	[ { "docid": "750396", "text": "William Madden Plante (January 14, 1938 – September 28, 2022) was an American journalist and correspondent for CBS News. He joined the network in 1964. Plante was noted for being the network's senior White House correspondent for over three decades. Plante was posthumously awarded the Dunnigan-Payne Prize for lifetime career achievement on Saturday, April 29, 2023, at the White House Correspondents’ Dinner. Early life and education Plante was born in Chicago, on January 14, 1938. His father, Regis, was employed as a field engineer for a heating company; his mother, Jane (Madden), worked as a school administrator. Plante attended Loyola Academy in his hometown, graduating in 1955. It was around this time he was employed by a classical music radio station in Evanston, Illinois, his first experience with broadcasting. Plante studied business and humanities at Loyola University Chicago, earning a bachelor's degree in 1959. He dropped out of Chicago-Kent College of Law after a friend got him a job as assistant news director at WISN-TV. He was at the station for four years before being awarded a journalism fellowship by CBS to study political science at Columbia University. Career After completing his studies at Columbia, Plante started working for CBS News in June 1964 as a reporter and assignment editor. He was sent to South Vietnam later that year to report on the Vietnam War, the first of four tours as a correspondent. His final tour in 1975 saw him cover the fall of Phnom Penh and fall of Saigon, which earned his CBS News team the \"Best Radio Spot News Reporting from Abroad\" award from the Overseas Press Club. In March 1965, Plante went to Selma, Alabama and was there when state troopers assaulted marchers on the Edmund Pettus Bridge in what was later dubbed \"Bloody Sunday\". He returned later that month to report on the Selma to Montgomery marches and interviewed Martin Luther King Jr. during the event. Plante was promoted to correspondent the following year and was posted to the network's Chicago bureau. He was there for ten years and reported on the 1966 riots in the city, protests at Ohio University, the strike by the United Auto Workers in 1970, and Jimmy Hoffa's disappearance five years later. During this time, he also covered events overseas, including the state funeral of Gamal Abdel Nasser and the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, which earned him two more Overseas Press Club awards for spot radio news. Plante moved to CBS' Washington bureau in December 1976. He was appointed Senior White House Correspondent for CBS ten years later and held that role for 35 years until his retirement in November 2016. He anchored CBS Sunday Night News from 1988 to 1995 and also reported for CBS This Morning and the CBS Evening News. Plante won several Emmy Awards – both outright and shared with fellow CBS News correspondents – for his coverage on the Vietnam War air theater (1972), Ronald Reagan's re-election in 1984, Reagan's summit with Mikhail Gorbachev two years", "title": "Bill Plante" }, { "docid": "65017222", "text": "This is a list of notable people to have attended the Australian Midwinter Ball. 2018 Ball Celebrities Sam Neill Political attendees Adam Bandt Anthony Albanese Bill Shorten Josh Frydenburg Peta Credlin Scott Morrison Tanya Plibersek 2013 Ball Celebrities Buzz Aldrin Diplomats Jeffrey Bleich Political attendees Anthony Albanese Arthur Sinodinos Bill Shorten Bob Carr Christine Milne George Brandis Larissa Waters Kevin Rudd Penny Wong Joe Hockey Tony Abbott Wayne Swan See also Federal Parliamentary Press Gallery White House Correspondents' Association White House Correspondents Dinner References Dining events Annual events in Australia Culture of Canberra", "title": "List of attendees of the Midwinter Ball" }, { "docid": "33765094", "text": "Caren Bohan, the Washington editor of Gannett's USA Today, is a journalist with broad experience covering Wall Street and Washington. Bohan is a former president of the White House Correspondents' Association from 2011 to 2012 and current member of the Gridiron Club. She covered the White House from 2003 to 2012 and was a lead correspondent for Barack Obama's 2008 presidential campaign. Personal Bohan was born in Boston, Massachusetts. She is married and has two children. Education She graduated from Dover-Sherborn high school, obtained her B.A. in English Literature from McGill University in Montreal and later her master's degree in journalism from the University of California, Berkeley. Career Bohan began her career in journalism at Tab Communications in metropolitan Boston, covering government, taxes, crime and other local matters. During graduate school, she interned with Reuters in Washington, and after graduating, she was hired by Reuters in New York to write about corporate news. Later she covered bonds, gold and financial markets on Wall Street, serving a stint as assistant desk editor. Following several promotions, Bohan moved to Washington to cover U.S. economic data, the Federal Reserve and economic policy. She was promoted to the White House beat in 2003 and covered the presidencies of George W. Bush and Barack Obama, scoring interviews with both men. She was also one of the first journalists to report that Ben Bernanke would become chairman of the Federal Reserve. As White House correspondent Bohan traveled to dozens of countries, including Afghanistan, and interviewed scores of world leaders. in 2011–2012, she was voted by her peers to be president of the White House Correspondents Association. She hosted the annual dinner with President Obama and chose late-night TV host Jimmy Kimmel as the event's comedian. After working at Reuters for more than two decades, Bohan accepted an offer to become a senior editor at Atlantic Media's National Journal. She led the digital team's Washington coverage and later was elevated to Managing Editor for Policy. Following her stint at National Journal, Bohan returned to Reuters as senior domestic policy correspondent to cover Congress and work on special enterprise assignments. She was promoted to senior editor in charge of domestic policy, Congress and the White House ahead of the 2016 U.S. elections, managing a large team of reporters. In 2018, Bohan was hired by Gannett's USA Today as Washington editor. Membership Bohan is a member of the Gridiron Club. References External links American television personalities American women television personalities American women journalists Living people Year of birth missing (living people) 21st-century American women", "title": "Caren Bohan" }, { "docid": "20227121", "text": "Devex is a social enterprise and media platform for the global development community. It aims to connect with and inform development, health, humanitarian, and sustainability professionals through news, business intelligence, funding and career opportunities related to international development. As an independent news organization, Devex employs more than 100 staff members in different locations, including Washington, D.C., where the organization is headquartered. It also maintains offices in Barcelona and Manila. Devex has more than 800,000 registered members within the international development community, including development organizations, donor agencies, suppliers and aid workers. The company claims to have more than 1 million active users. Devex's president and editor-in-chief, Raj Kumar, began the organization in 2000 as a student project at Harvard Kennedy School at Harvard University. Kumar’s goal was to lower the administrative costs of donor agencies so they could devote a greater share of resources to foreign-assistance projects themselves. History Raj Kumar founded Devex in 2000 when he was working towards a master's degree at Harvard's Kennedy School of Government, after developing the digital financial newsletter Smartportfolio.com with four of his friends and selling the company to TheStreet.com. Devex expanded its media arm in 2008, hiring dozens of reporters and employing freelancers worldwide. Devex produces a daily newswire covering global development news, emerging trends and issues within the development sector, and commentary and analysis from leading voices in global development. In 2008, Devex launched the Devex Forum, an annual two-day conference that brings together the world's largest international organizations to exchange information and expertise. This includes government donor agencies, NGOs, and international corporations. The forums are held annually in East Asia, East Africa and Washington DC. In 2013, USAID and Devex together launched Devex Impact. Devex Impact provides the latest partnership information, news, and tools available to companies, donors, recipient governments, implementers, NGOs, and professionals working at fields intersecting business and global development. In 2016, Devex released the #PowerwithPurpose list that included five women who influence the world. One of the women mentioned in the list is Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, Nigeria's former finance minister. That same year, Devex and Foreign Affairs and the U.N. Foundation again partnered to host a White House Correspondents' Dinner event, Global Beat 2016 and Celebrating International Journalism. In 2017, Devex reported that the largest-ever contract awarded by USAID was facing problems that put access to health commodities at risk. The report led to a congressional hearing 9 months later. In December of the same year, following the #MeToo movement campaign, Devex hosted a Twitter chat using the viral hashtag #AidToo to highlight the stories of sexual abuse and survivors of sexual assault in the humanitarian aid industry. In February 2020, Devex held Prescription for Progress, a health technology conference, where the Rockefeller Foundation and Medic Mobile announced their Medic Labs initiative. Devex also hosted a conversation with Ambassador Deborah Birx where she discussed her concerns about the proposed budget cuts to the U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief in 2020. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Devex first reported", "title": "Devex" }, { "docid": "4331159", "text": "James Truitt (died November 18, 1981) was an American journalist who worked for Life and Time magazines. He later became the vice president of Newsweek magazine. He is known for being quoted by the National Enquirer in 1976 as alleging that Mary Pinchot Meyer, the ex-wife of Cord Meyer, had a two-year affair with John F. Kennedy. Career Born in Chicago, Illinois, Truitt was raised in a prominent family in Baltimore, Maryland. He served as a Naval officer in the Pacific theatre of World War II, then returned to work for the US State Department. He married his first wife, the sculptor Anne Truitt, in September 1947 in Washington, D.C. In spring 1948 he went to work for Life magazine in New York, then became their Washington correspondent. He spent three years with Life in San Francisco, then he returned to Washington, D.C., in May 1960 to become the personal assistant to Philip Graham at the Washington Post, where he rose to become vice president. He also worked for Time, served as publisher of Art News, and became vice president of Newsweek in 1964. Later in 1963, Truitt left the Post and moved to Tokyo as the Japan bureau chief for Newsweek. The Truitts later returned to Washington and to the Post. Allegations about Mary Pinchot Meyer The March 2, 1976, issue of the National Enquirer quoted Truitt as stating Mary Pinchot Meyer, the ex-wife of Cord Meyer, had a two-year affair with John F. Kennedy and that they smoked marijuana in a White House bedroom. According to Truitt, their first rendezvous occurred after Meyer was chauffeured to the White House in a limousine driven by a Secret Service agent where she was met by Kennedy and taken to a bedroom. He stated that Meyer and Kennedy regularly met in that manner, sometimes two or three times each week, until his assassination. Truitt said the two would \"usually have drinks or dinner alone or sometimes with one of the aides\", and claimed that Meyer offered marijuana cigarettes to Kennedy after one such meeting on April 16, 1962. He said after they smoked three joints she commented, \"This isn't like cocaine. I'll get you some of that.\" According to the Enquirer, Meyer also kept a diary of the affair. The paper quoted Tony Bradlee — Meyer's sister — as confirming the existence of the affair and the diary, stating that Bradlee found the diary in Meyer's studio after her death, then turned it over to James Jesus Angleton who subsequently burned it at CIA headquarters. In an interview with a correspondent from The Washington Post, Truitt confirmed the Enquirer'''s account, stated that Meyer had told him of the affair, and that he had kept notes about what he had been told. According to Truitt, Meyer and Kennedy met approximately 30 times — frequently when Jackie Kennedy was out of town — from January 1962 until the time of the President's death in November 1963. Truitt stated that the two would occasionally", "title": "James Truitt" }, { "docid": "53034537", "text": "Not the White House Correspondents' Dinner was an event part of Full Frontal with Samantha Bee to rival the traditional White House Correspondents' Dinner in 2017. The event was announced on January 30, 2017, and took place at the DAR Constitution Hall on April 29, 2017, at the same time as the planned WHCA event. It aired on TBS the same evening at 10:00 p.m. EST, followed by an encore uncensored broadcast at 11:00 p.m. on Twitter. The event, hosted by Samantha Bee, featured pre-recorded appearances by Allison Janney (reprising her West Wing role as C.J. Cregg), Jake Tapper, Billy Eichner, Robin Thede, Norman Lear, Bridget Everett, Patton Oswalt, River Butcher, Cameron Esposito, Kumail Nanjiani, Carl Reiner, Janelle Reeves, Paula Pell, Jordan Carlos, and Retta. Also appearing live were Peaches performing the theme song from Full Frontal, \"Boys Wanna Be Her\", and special guest Will Ferrell reprising his imitation of George W. Bush. The event raised $200,000 for the Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ). Segments Cold Open: Opens with a parody of a White House style news conference with Allison Janney reprising her role as C. J. Cregg. Peaches and Monologue: A musical intro by Peaches – performing Full Frontals theme song \"Boys Wanna Be Her\", followed by a monologue by Bee. Roast of Jeff Zucker: A roast of CNN and its current president Jeff Zucker. What Is Facts: A sketch facetiously mixing quantum mechanics with \"alternative facts\". Comedians Roast Trump. Fox News In Memoriam: Bee roasts Fox News while calling out Roger Ailes and Bill O'Reilly. Jake Tapper: Bee is \"interviewed\" by Jake Tapper. Special Guest George W. Bush: Will Ferrell reprises his Saturday Night Live role as former president George W. Bush. Woman in the High Castle: Bee watches a film of herself in an alternate universe, where she is roasting President Hillary Clinton (The Man in the High Castle parody). Sammy Bee Roasts the Presidents: Bee roasts presidents; from Woodrow Wilson to Bill Clinton with period-appropriate attire and speech. Show Close and Committee to Protect Journalists: Bee announces how much money was raised for the Committee to Protect Journalists, and speaks on the subject of journalistic freedom. All The President's Leaks (with Andy Richter) (web extra). Awards and nominations See also List of dining events List of Full Frontal with Samantha Bee episodes Rally to Restore Sanity and/or Fear Stephen Colbert at the 2006 White House Correspondents' Dinner White House Correspondents' Association References External links Not the White House Correspondents' Dinner on Samantha Bee's official website Not the White House Correspondents' Dinner – playlist 2017 in American politics 2017 in Washington, D.C. American news parodies American political satire April 2017 events in the United States Criticism of journalism Dining events Full Frontal with Samantha Bee Roast (comedy)", "title": "Not the White House Correspondents' Dinner" }, { "docid": "33454730", "text": "Jonathan D. Karl (born January 19, 1968) is an American political journalist and author. Throughout his career, Karl has covered the White House, Capitol Hill, the Pentagon, and the U.S. State Department, and has reported from more than 30 countries, covering U.S. politics, foreign policy, and the military. Karl has been the Chief Washington Correspondent for ABC News and co-anchor of This Week with George Stephanopoulos. Karl served as the Chief White House Correspondent for ABC News from December 2012 through the end of the Donald Trump administration in January 2021. He is the author of the 2020 book Front Row at the Trump Show and the 2021 book Betrayal: The Final Act of the Trump Show. Both books are New York Times bestsellers. His latest book, Tired of Winning: Donald Trump and the End of the Grand Old Party, was released in 2023. Early life Karl spent time growing up in both Connecticut and South Dakota, where he attended high school. While living in a Hill City, South Dakota motel, his mother and stepfather did an oral history project for the University of South Dakota, interviewing the men who worked to create Mount Rushmore. Karl later credited that project for sparking his interest in journalism. Karl graduated Phi Beta Kappa from Vassar College in 1990, where he was the editor-in-chief of the Vassar Spectator. Career Karl began his career as a researcher and reporter for The New Republic. In 1994, he became a reporter at the New York Post, where he covered New York City Hall. He first interviewed Donald Trump in 1994 for a New York Post article about Michael Jackson and Lisa Marie Presley's honeymoon at Trump Tower.In 1996, he was hired to cover politics as a Generation X reporter at CNN and went on to become the network's Congressional Correspondent. He joined ABC News in January 2003 as the Senior Foreign Affairs Correspondent covering the State Department. Karl worked for ABC News covering national political news, becoming the Senior National Security Correspondent in December 2005. In 2006, he earned an Emmy Award nomination for his coverage of the genocide in Darfur, Sudan. Karl was named Chief White House Correspondent for ABC News in December 2012 and held that position through the end of the Trump administration in January 2021. He is currently ABC News' Chief Washington correspondent and co-anchor of This Week with George Stephanopoulos. Karl's writings have been published in The Wall Street Journal, The Atlantic, Vanity Fair, among other publications. Although Karl is an ABC News correspondent, he has often appeared on MSNBC, CNN, and Fox News in his capacity as an author. Controversies In May 2013, Karl wrote an article about the reaction of Barack Obama's administration to the 2012 Benghazi attack in which he claimed to quote directly from an email sent by a White House advisor. It was later revealed that the quote was inaccurately given to Karl by an unnamed source, and that he himself had never seen the email.", "title": "Jonathan Karl" }, { "docid": "69663361", "text": "Simon Ateba (born ) is a Cameroonian journalist. He is the owner and sole employee of the website Today News Africa, for which he was a White House correspondent. Following Ateba's repeated interruptions of press briefings, where he shouted at press secretary Karine Jean-Pierre and complained about not being called on, the press office tightened rules governing the issuance of hard passes for journalists. After Ateba was excluded from the White House Correspondents' Association (WHCA) dinner, he tweeted out the private phone number of WHCA president Tamara Keith. Before coming to the United States in 2017, Ateba was a journalist in Nigeria, working for P.M. News and The NEWS magazine. He investigated the link between religion and money in Nigeria and was detained briefly in Cameroon where he was accused of spying for Boko Haram. Early life Ateba was born in Cameroon in 1979 or 1980. His father worked as a fish trader. Career Nigeria Ateba moved to Nigeria, where he worked at P.M. News and for nine years at The NEWS magazine. In 2011, he appeared in the documentary Nigeria's Millionaire Preachers about religion becoming a big business in Nigeria. By then, he had investigated the link between religion and money in Nigeria for about five years and had been assaulted at least once during those investigations. He was attacked by a mob in 2009 while working on an assignment at a church in Lagos. On August 28, 2015, Ateba was arrested by Cameroonian authorities and accused of spying for Boko Haram as he investigated the living conditions of Nigerian refugees camped in the country's north. Ateba was based in Lagos and had travelled to Cameroon after receiving a grant from the International Centre for Investigative Reporting in Abuja to investigate the ordeals and suffering of Nigerians who had fled to Cameroon following Boko Haram attacks on their communities. He was released after being detained for four days. Ateba's arrest and detention were condemned by the Cameroon Journalism Trade Union. In January 2023, Ateba said that he had been \"attacked by pirates on the Gulf of Guinea with an AK47 to my head, kidnapped in Nigeria, dumped in the woods & left for dead, arrested in Cameroon during investigation & kept in dark cell only to be sidelined at the White House...\" The Washington Post was able to verify that he had been arrested and held for four days in Cameroon, but were unable to verify his other claims. United States Ateba moved to Washington, D.C. in 2017 to report on Africa–United States relations, which he told The New York Times was motivated by an interest in the subject and the desire to leave West Africa due to dangers he experienced working as a journalist. In September 2023, Ateba shared a fake video allegedly of Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy performing a belly dance. The video had been digitally altered to superimpose Zelenskyy's face onto the body of Argentine belly dancer Pablo Acosta. In February 2024, Ateba claimed that Russia", "title": "Simon Ateba" }, { "docid": "38824072", "text": "Mark Storey Smith is an American journalist, serving as White House Correspondent for the Associated Press. He has been covering U.S. presidents since Jimmy Carter and has been present at multiple events throughout history, notably the Falklands War, Prince Charles' and Princess Diana's wedding, the impeachment of President Bill Clinton, and numerous presidential campaigns and inaugurations. He served as President of the White House Correspondents' Association in , and most notably, hired Stephen Colbert as the evening's guest comedian. Colbert's performance was praised by some but attacked by many as having crossed the line. He was mentioned in Colbert's book, I am America (And So Can You!). Also during his presidency, Smith oversaw the renovations of the White House Press Corps facilities, including the White House Press Briefing Office. In September 2011, he was attacked for his transcription of President Obama's speech at a Congressional Black Caucus awards dinner by some critics who said leaving off the \"g\" in the words \"complaining,\" \"grumbling\" and \"crying\" was racist. Smith said he accurately reflected Obama's choice to speak this way to a black audience. Smith was born on Long Island in New York. He currently lives in the Washington, D.C. area with his wife. References Inline citations General references http://www.politico.com/blogs/onmedia/0911/AP_Obama_transcript_sparks_complainin.html https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MprNbcvpCKc http://www.whitehousemuseum.org/west-wing.htm External links Living people American male journalists Associated Press reporters People from Long Island Year of birth missing (living people)", "title": "Mark Smith (journalist)" }, { "docid": "75355208", "text": "The Raymond Clapper Memorial Award, later called the Washington Reporting Raymond Clapper Award, was an American journalism award presented from 1944 to 2011. Named in honor of Raymond Clapper (1892–1944), the award was given \"to a journalist or team for distinguished Washington reporting.\" The award was presented most often at the annual White House Correspondents' Association (WHCA) dinner, but for a period in the years 1951 to 1965 it was given at the annual American Society of Newspaper Editors (ASNE) dinner. In the early days of the Award, it was often presented to the winner by the U.S. President, who was usually a guest at the press dinner. Starting in 2004 the award was presented as part of Scripps Howard's National Journalism Awards (later known as the Scripps Howard Awards). The Raymond Clapper Award was discontinued after 2011. History Reporter and Scripps Howard columnist Raymond Clapper died in 1944 during World War II while covering the U.S. invasion of the Marshall Islands. Following his death, the Raymond Clapper Memorial Association was incorporated in Washington, D.C. \"to perpetuate the memory of Clapper\" through the Raymond Clapper Memorial Award. \"The organizing committee of the association was composed of the heads of various newspaper organizations in Washington,\" including Scripps-Howard Newspapers, the Chicago Sun, United Press, the White House Correspondents' Association, United Feature Syndicate, Overseas Writers Association, and the Gridiron Club. Under the terms of the incorporation of the Clapper Memorial Association, \"the Standing Committee of Correspondents, the governing body of the Washington press corps ... will be in complete control of the award, ... so that it will always be under the direction of the working, newspapermen of the national capital.\" The founding trustees of the Clapper Association were George B. Parker, editor-in-chief of Scripps-Howard Newspapers; Byron Price of the Associated Press; and Eugene Meyer of The Washington Post. Under Scripps Howard, the Washington Reporting Raymond Clapper Award was presented from 2004 to 2011, at which point it was discontinued. Overview In 1993, the criteria for the Award was described as \"...any Washington-based daily newspaper reporter whose work most closely approximated the ideals of fair and painstaking reporting, and the good craftsmanship of Raymond Clapper.\" The winner of the Award was selected by a panel of five editors/writers from a list of finalists. Most years, Honorable Mention and Second Place prizes were awarded as well. List of awardees Notes References Citations Sources 1944 establishments in the United States 2012 disestablishments in the United States American journalism awards Awards established in 1944 Awards disestablished in 2012", "title": "Raymond Clapper Memorial Award" }, { "docid": "16345648", "text": "The National American Indian Memorial or North American Indian Memorial was a proposed monument to Native Americans to be erected on a bluff overlooking the Narrows, the main entrance to New York Harbor. The major part of the memorial was to be a statue of a representative American Indian warrior atop a substantial foundation building housing a museum of native cultures, similar in scale to, but higher than, the Statue of Liberty several miles to the north. Ground was broken to begin construction in 1913 but the project was never completed and no physical trace remains today. Background In 1908 and 1909, Joseph K. Dixon led two 'expeditions', sponsored by Rodman Wanamaker, wealthy from his involvement with the department store Wanamaker's, to visit Native American tribes as part of increasing white American interest in Native culture and efforts to \"assimilate\" the tribes into white American society. The first expedition, which travelled to Crow Agency, Montana, in 1908, saw Dixon carefully direct filming and photographs in an effort to capture authentic images without \"any hint of the white man's foot\". The following year Dixon returned to Crow Agency where directed around 100 Native chiefs to film \"The Last Great Indian Council\" and a reenactment of the Battle of the Little Bighorn. Concept In on May 12, 1909, shortly after the second expedition ended, a dinner was held at the New York City restaurant Sherry's to honor Buffalo Bill Cody, whose performance was being held in the New York Hippodrome. Over one hundred people attended, including Nelson A. Miles, an American general, and Frederic Remington, an artist. At the dinner, Cody proposed a giant Native American statuewhich Wanamaker had suggested to him, that would be set on the shore of New York Harbor. He suggested that it would be \"as large\" as the Statue of Liberty and would serve to welcome \"everyone to this shore.\" Many guests at the dinner party enthusiastically supported the idea, with Miles saying he was \"gratified that there is now a feeling of generosity and respect towards the departing race\". The public also met the proposal with general support. In June 1909 the President of the United States, William Howard Taft, received a letter from Wanamaker (historian Alan Trachtenberg theorizes Dixon wrote it) asking for his endorsement of the memorial. A 1910 conception foresaw a Peace Memorial or Great Bronze Column of Staten Island, sitting above Pavilion Hill in St. George and Tompkinsville, Staten Island on city-donated land () and functioning as a Western Hemisphere counterpart to The Hague's Peace Palace. There were varied motivations behind this memorial. Historian Russel Barsh wrote in 1993 that many Americans viewed it as \"a celebration of victory\" over Native Americans, while others considered it \"a constant reminder of the vanishing race to whom we are indebted for the great, free gift of a continent,\" and some thought the monument would memorialize admirable qualities attributed to Natives and serve as a \"lasting beacon of American ideals\". Arizona John Burke, who managed", "title": "National American Indian Memorial" }, { "docid": "65016472", "text": "The Midwinter Ball is an annual dinner event held in Canberra, Australia. It is hosted by the Federal Parliamentary Press Gallery. The event is notable for being regularly attended by Australian high society. Among regular attendees of the dinner are political leaders (e.g. the Australian Prime Minister and the Leader of the Opposition); as well as staffers, journalists, celebrities, and prominent members of the business community. Organizers of the event describe its purpose as to 'bring together the journalistic, political, and corporate chiefs of Australia', in a night of 'entertainment, networking opportunities, and charity'. Event details The event is loosely modeled upon the White House Correspondents annual gala dinner held in Washington DC. It is held in the third week of June each year. The dress code is black tie, and the traditional venue is the Great Hall of Parliament House. Tickets are unavailable to members of the general public. Requests for tickets may only be made by full-time residents of either the Press Gallery, or Members of either of the Houses of Parliament and their staff. The number of attendees to the event is strictly limited to a total of 640, due to the limited capacity of the Great Hall and for reasons of exclusivity. A speech is given at the event by the incumbent prime minister and the leader of the opposition. Function rules prior to 2019 prohibited the reporting of speech contents by attendees (although this protocol was occasionally breached). Starting from the 2019 ball onwards the speech has been publicly broadcast. Charitable auction tradition Politicians attending the ball have traditionally raised money for charity, through auctioning access to their time. For example, in 2014 then-prime minister Tony Abbott raised $15,100 for charity through auctioning a dinner with him. Another notable bid was $3,000 raised from a forestry association in return for a dinner with the Australian Greens. As of June 2020, the ball has raised a total of $4.5M in charitable contributions over its 20 years of events. Themes Each year, the event is organized around a particular theme. The first Midwinter Ball, held in 2000, had the theme 'Inaugural Cabaret'. The other themes have been: Sponsors The ball is supported by numerous prominent corporate bodies. Notable sponsors of the event include EBay, Coca-Cola, the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, PayPal, Westpac, Nine Entertainment, Uber, Google, Macquarie Group, News Corporation, Woodside, Telstra, Johnson & Johnson, PwC, Qantas, the Special Broadcasting Service, Woolworths Group, Shell, Salesforce, Sony Music, the Australian Recording Industry Association, and the Department of Parliamentary Services. Notable attendees All Australian Prime Ministers since the year 2000 have at some point attended the Midwinter Ball, usually attending each year. The same is true for all leaders of the opposition, and most minor party leaders such as the Australian Greens. The US ambassador to Australia is another notable regular attendee. Celebrities known to have attended the ball include Buzz Aldrin, and Sam Neill. Prominent business people known to have attended the ball include Kerry Stokes, Michael Ebeid, and", "title": "Midwinter Ball" }, { "docid": "4858437", "text": "Stephen Lynn Bridges (May 22, 1963 – March 3, 2012) was an American comedian, impressionist, and actor who was known for his impressions of politicians, television characters and broadcasters including Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, Barack Obama, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Barney Fife, Homer Simpson, Tom Brokaw, Paul Harvey, and Rush Limbaugh. Biography Bridges graduated from Biola University in 1986. His accurate portrayal of George W. Bush led to Bridges being cast as the president in episodes of both JAG and its spin-off, NCIS. In 2006, he appeared alongside then-President Bush at the White House Correspondents' Association dinner, humorously mimicking the president by voicing the president's \"inner thoughts\" during Bush's speech. He controversially did an impression of Barack Obama whilst in blackface. Death On March 3, 2012, Bridges was found dead by his maid in his Los Angeles home after he failed to return a call the day before. According to his agent, Bridges had just returned from performing in Hong Kong and went to bed complaining that he felt \"super-jetlagged\". His death was ruled an accident, with the probable cause \"upper airway anaphylaxis\" from a severe allergic reaction. Filmography Nurses (1994) as Torrance The District (2000) ER (2001) as Leone Lange Flate Ballær 2 (2008) as General of the U.S. Navy As George W. Bush JAG episode \"Dangerous Game\" (2002) The Nick Cannon Show episode \"Nick Takes Over a Wedding\" (2002) NCIS episode \"Yankee White\" (2003) Whoopi episode \"The Vast Right Wing Conspiracy\" (2003) George Lopez (2003) Comedy Central Roast of Jeff Foxworthy (2005) Merry F#%$in' Christmas (2005) The Tonight Show with Jay Leno White House Correspondents Dinner (2006) Blue Collar Comedy Tour: One For the Road (\"Yankee Doody Dandy\" segment) The View (May 29, 2006) Larry King Live (2006) Lange Flate Ballær II (2008) (Norwegian movie) I Love the New Millennium (2008) References External links Comedy Central Bio Steve Bridges Profile Page - Video clip, speaking topics \"George W. Bush impersonator Steve Bridges dies at 48\" 1963 births 2012 deaths American male film actors American male comedians Comedians from Dallas American impressionists (entertainers) Biola University alumni Male actors from Dallas Respiratory disease deaths in California Deaths from anaphylaxis 21st-century American comedians Comedians from Los Angeles County, California", "title": "Steve Bridges" }, { "docid": "2965078", "text": "Karen Tumulty (born December 1, 1955) is a political columnist for The Washington Post. Before joining the Post, Tumulty wrote for Time from October 1994 to April 2010. She was a Congressional Correspondent, as well as the National Political Correspondent based in Washington D.C. for the magazine. Life Tumulty graduated from David Crockett High School in Austin, Texas in May 1973. She later graduated in 1977 from the University of Texas at Austin with a BA in Journalism with high honors; she is an alumna of the Alpha Xi Delta sorority. She wrote for The Daily Texan student newspaper. She received an MBA from Harvard Business School in 1981. Tumulty is married to Paul Richter and has two sons, Nicholas and Jack. She is Catholic. Career Tumulty began her career in 1977 at the now-defunct San Antonio Light. Tumulty spent 14 years with the Los Angeles Times, covering the US Congress, economics, business, energy, and general-assignment beats. While at the Times, she won the Gerald Loeb Award for distinguished business and financial journalism in 1982 for Large Newspapers, and the National Press Foundation's Edwin Hood Award for diplomatic correspondence in 1993. Tumulty joined Time in 1994. She covered Congress for two years, during which time she reported and wrote the magazine's 1995 \"Man of the Year\" profile of Newt Gingrich. In 1996, she became a White House Correspondent, writing major stories on President Bill Clinton and Hillary Clinton. She became the National Political Correspondent in 2001. In the 2008 presidential campaign, Tumulty accused the campaign of Senator John McCain of \"playing the race card\" for a television ad criticizing the connections between Senator Barack Obama and Franklin Raines, the former CEO of Fannie Mae. Tumulty wrote that the ad displayed \"sinister images of two black men, followed by one of a vulnerable-looking elderly white woman.\" The McCain campaign pointed out that they had also produced an ad criticizing the connections of Barack Obama to Jim Johnson, another former Fannie Mae CEO who is white. According to the McCain campaign, Tumulty did not correct her post, but responded with \"I grew up in Texas. I know what this stuff looks like.\" The McCain campaign accused Tumulty of \"hysterical liberal bias.\" In 2010, Tumulty joined The Washington Post, where she received the 2013 Toner Prize for Excellence in Political Reporting. She became a political columnist in 2018. In 2021, she was named deputy editorial page editor. Tumulty's coverage of health care reform issues has been informed by her personal experience with her brother Patrick's health problems. Besides her work in print journalism, she has appeared as a television/webcasting news analyst on the public affairs programs Washington Week on PBS, PBS NewsHour, and Special Report with Bret Baier on Fox News (as part of the 'All-Star Panel'). Admiral William H. McRaven, her fifth grade classmate and commander of USSOCOM, was her guest at the 2012 White House Correspondents' Association Dinner. Adm. McRaven commanded JSOC when it planned and carried out Operation Neptune Spear,", "title": "Karen Tumulty" }, { "docid": "19506774", "text": "Maiden Lane is an east–west street in the Financial District of the New York City, New York, United States borough of Manhattan. Its eastern end is at South Street, near the South Street Seaport, and its western end is at Broadway near the World Trade Center site, where it becomes Cortlandt Street. Etymology The street received its name in New Amsterdam, as Maagde Paatje, a \"footpath used by lovers along a rippling brook\", according to the WPA Guide to New York City, a \"pebbly brook\" that ran from Nassau Street to the East River, where wives and daughters washed linen according to the city historians Edwin Burrows and Mike Wallace. History Development The street was formally laid out in 1696, the first street north of still-palisaded Wall Street. By 1728, a market was held at the foot of Maiden Lane, where it ended at Front Street facing the East River; by 1823, when it was demolished and disbanded, the Fly Market, selling meat, country produce and fish under its covered roofs, was New York's oldest. It eventually gave way to the Fulton Fish Market, and later, the New Amsterdam Market. The Fly Market, and its successor the Fulton Fish Market, which moved to the Bronx in 2005, was one of New York's earliest open-air fish markets. From a New York newspaper dated 1831: The New York Slave Revolt of 1712 happened around Maiden Lane, in which 23 black slaves revolted, killing nine white men and women and injuring six other whites. In September 1732, a company of professional actors arrived from London and took an upstairs room near the junction of Pearl Street which was fitted up with a platform stage, and marked the origin of professional theater in New York; by the time the company was disbanded in 1734, their building was known as the Play House. In the spring of 1790, Thomas Jefferson rented a house at 57 Maiden Lane when he moved to New York to serve as the Secretary of State under George Washington. His dinner on June 20, 1790 at that house with Alexander Hamilton and James Madison produced the Compromise of 1790, whereby Hamilton won the decision for the national government to take over and pay the state debts, while Jefferson and Madison obtained the national capital (District of Columbia) for the South. The dinner was celebrated in the song \"The Room Where It Happens\" in the Broadway musical Hamilton. Shopping district Maiden Lane was a street of shops by the end of the 18th century, even before the new fashion for multi-paned shop windows caught on in the city. In 1827 the skylit New York Arcade, banking on the fashionable success of London's Burlington Arcade (1819), spanned the block between Maiden Lane and John Street east of Broadway with forty smart shops; however, while regarded as beautiful by many, it was also financially disastrous, and Charles Haynes Haswell recalled that \"it had not the success that had been anticipated...and survived but a few", "title": "Maiden Lane (Manhattan)" }, { "docid": "64032648", "text": "Olivier Knox is a French American journalist who is the chief Washington correspondent for Sirius XM. In addition to his career at Agence France-Presse and Yahoo News, he is most known for chairing the White House Correspondents' Association and for his reboot of the White House Correspondents Dinner into its original format, which saw the elimination of the tradition of having a comedian as the featured speaker and an absence of A-list celebrities at the event. Education He graduated from Columbia College in 1992 and obtained his graduate degree from Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies. At Columbia, he studied with political scientist Charles V. Hamilton and Shakespeare scholar James S. Shapiro. He also studied at the Middlebury College Language Schools, where he took a course in Italian, and graduated in 1994. Career He began his career as an Agence France-Presse desk editor and worked as a Congressional and White House correspondent for 15 years, during which he covered the impeachment of Bill Clinton, Al Gore's presidential campaign, as well as the George W. Bush and Barack Obama administrations. He covered the White House for AFP from 2000 to 2009, right until Barack Obama's inauguration. In 2012, he was hired by Yahoo news as its first White House correspondent and later became its chief Washington correspondent. He also hosted a weekly political round-table show on P.O.T.U.S. for three years on behalf of Yahoo News. In 2018, he was named the new chief Washington correspondent for SiriusXM. He returned to the P.O.T.U.S. channel and is now hosting a radio talk show called \"The Big Picture\". He was elected president of the White House Correspondents' Association from 2018 to 2019, beating Major Garrett of CBS News, 121 to 90 votes. During the White House Correspondents Dinner of 2019, he announced an annual prize of $25,000 for the best piece of investigative political journalism focused on accountability in state government. In preparation of the dinner that year, Knox broke with tradition by making a departure from the lighthearted and star-studded atmosphere of previous years' dinners and giving it a more serious tone with the invitation of historian and biographer Ron Chernow, instead of a professional comedian, as the featured speaker. The dinner also saw reduced attendance of Hollywood celebrities from previous years. Knox welcomed those changes, saying that he wanted to return the event to its original roots and do away with the \"celebrification\" of the dinner. Personal life Knox lives in Bethesda, Maryland with his wife, Jennifer Lewis, and their son. He is the son of Middlebury College professors Edward C. Knox and the late Huguette-Laure Knox, both of whom taught in the French Department. His father is American and his mother is French. He was born in Vermont, but grew up in both France and the United States. See also White House press corps References Columbia College (New York) alumni American people of French descent American male journalists Year of birth missing (living people) Living people", "title": "Olivier Knox" }, { "docid": "41322956", "text": "\"More Cattle, Less Bull\" is the fifth episode of the third season of Scandal. It premiered on October 31, 2013, in the U.S. Plot Olivia has her weekly dinner with her father while Jake and Huck break into his house to look for clues on Operation Remington. They find footage of Rowan and Fitz talking together about the operation and realize that he was not the pilot on the flight but was instead involved in another secret mission somewhere in Iceland. Josie Marcus hires Olivia and her team to cover up a teenage pregnancy she had. The team goes to Montana and manages to bribe the few people who knew about the pregnancy into not speaking to the media. They do, however, discover that Josephine's child was never placed for adoption and that the child was raised as Josephine's younger sister, Candace, who now works with Josie. Right before Josie's debate against Governor Reston Olivia discovers that Reston has been leaked the news by Cyrus prompting her to advise Josie to come clean and admit that she placed a child for adoption. Candace does the math and figures out she's actually Josie's daughter prompting Josie to fire Olivia. In the meantime Olivia finds herself struggling with her relationship with Fitz. She throws her secret Fitz phone in the trash only to retrieve it when he calls. She asks Jake to accompany her to the White House Correspondents' Dinner as a cover but when she is called away from the table by the Secret Service she encounters Mellie who begs her to come back and run Fitz's re-election campaign. At the end of the night Jake reveals that he knew he was there as an excuse for Olivia to see Fitz and warns her that he isn't willing to play second fiddle. Abby and David's relationship continues to progress along a positive note until she lies to him that she's still in Montana to avoid going to the White House Correspondents' Dinner with him. David later realizes that Abby skipped the dinner as her abusive ex-husband was in attendance. At the end of the night, after leaving Jake, Olivia receives an offer from Josie to work as her campaign manager leaving her with the option of working with either Fitz or Josie. Jake returns to his home where Huck informs him that he has discovered that a plane was shot down in Iceland when Fitz was there and that one of the passengers was Maya Lewis, Olivia's mother. The two rush to Olivia's apartment to present her with this new evidence. Production Paul Adelstein was announced as a recurring guest star on September 9, 2013. Adelstein’s wife Liza Weil played Amanda Tanner during the first season of the show. References Scandal (TV series) episodes 2013 American television episodes", "title": "More Cattle, Less Bull" }, { "docid": "6102233", "text": "Kevin Bleyer is an American television writer and producer. He has won multiple Emmy, Peabody, and Writers Guild Awards He was a former writer for The Daily Show with Jon Stewart, a contributor to President Barack Obama's speeches, the author of the best-selling Me the People: One Man's Selfless Quest to Rewrite the Constitution, a co-author of the #1 NY Times Bestseller Earth: The Book, and the co-author, with Governor Bill Richardson, of How to Sweet-Talk a Shark. In 2008, he became a member of the Council on Foreign Relations. In 2014, he served as a Fellow at the University of Chicago Institute of Politics. Television writing After doing commentaries and freelance reporting for NPR's \"All Things Considered\" and American Public Media's \"Marketplace\", Bleyer began his television writing career as a writer and producer for Politically Incorrect with Bill Maher from 1996 to 2002. He then wrote for the critically acclaimed Bravo series Significant Others and created and executive produced the Showtime pilot Nightly, in which he was also featured as an on-air correspondent. In 2003, Bleyer became a writer and producer on Dennis Miller, a position he held until the show's cancellation in 2005. From 2005 to 2013, Bleyer was a member of the writing staff of The Daily Show, where he worked on over 1000 episodes and several specials, earning four Emmys in the process. He also won a WGA Award in 2010 for his work on the show in 2009. Bleyer was also one of several Daily Show writers to write for the 80th Annual Academy Awards in 2008, when Jon Stewart served as host. After his tenure at The Daily Show, he was a writer for the first two seasons of the Fox supernatural dramedy Sleepy Hollow. In 2013, as a USAID consultant, Bleyer produced \"Studio 7\" in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, the first topical news political satire program in Central Asia. Political writing and activities Bleyer contributed to many of President Obama's addresses, including his comedic speeches at the annual White House Correspondents Dinner, from the President's inauguration in 2008 to at least 2013. After the speech in 2010, reporters from several outlets reported erroneously that The Daily Show staff worked on the President's remarks. The White House and Comedy Central clarified that Bleyer worked independently on the speech, in light of accusations of the show being too close to President Barack Obama. Among the first contributors chosen to launch The Huffington Post, Bleyer is a frequent commentator for National Public Radio. He also reported from Iraq as part of The Daily Show'''s \"Operation: Silent Thunder,\" featuring correspondent Rob Riggle, in 2007. That same year, he was profiled by Charlie Rose. In 2008, Bleyer participated in a mock debate before the United States Congress based on the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike, which involved multiple sitting Congresspeople. He also spoke to NPR about his involvement in the strike. Bleyer is the author of the book Me The People: One Man's Selfless Quest to Rewrite the Constitution", "title": "Kevin Bleyer" }, { "docid": "4743308", "text": "The Story of Us is a 1999 American romantic comedy-drama film directed by Rob Reiner, and starring Bruce Willis and Michelle Pfeiffer as a couple married for 15 years. The depiction of the marriage through a series of nonlinear flashbacks is reminiscent of Two for the Road (1967) starring Albert Finney and Audrey Hepburn, while the \"interview\" segments featuring characters addressing the camera directly as a therapist are reminiscent of Reiner's previous film When Harry Met Sally... (1989) starring Billy Crystal and Meg Ryan. Plot Ben and Katie Jordan have been married for 15 years and have two children, Erin and Josh, a nice home and a comfortable life. Their initially happy marriage, however, turns into a sham—a performance they deliver daily for the benefit of their children. While behind the scenes they cannot stand each other anymore. They met while working for a comedy show, and instantly connected. Katie flashes back to moments where they argued, saying eventually they replaced the arguing with silence. Sending their kids off to summer camp, Ben and Katie commence a trial separation, during which both try to recall what it is about the other that led them to fall in love in the first place. They both meet with their corresponding circles of friends, each sharing about what is happening in their relationships, including intimacy, except the Jordans. Ben flashes back to a phone call with Katie, where neither is really listening to the other. One night, after each of them have a positive flashback, they have a brief call about the kids. Another day, she calls him seeking a number and alerting him that his dry-cleaning was delivered, and he goes to the house for dinner. Both are nervous, but the dinner goes well, so they go to their bedroom. They chat about their various marriage counselors they've seen over the years, then both feel like their corresponding parents are present. While Ben wants to make up, Katie says they first need to repair problems, which leads to an argument where she storms off. Mid-summer they go to Parents' Day at camp. Ben breaks down upon seeing them, but they maintain their composure throughout the day. Erin sneaks into their room that night. He flashes back to a year ago. Ben and Katie took a trip to Italy, which worked well until they were back home, where they fell back to old patterns. Back home, Katie goes to a Thai cooking class recommended by a divorcé. He asks her to dinner. In the meantime, Ben goes to dinner with a couple they're friends with. After he has a meltdown, he has epiphany about her perspective. Rushing home, he finds his wife preparing dinner with the divorcè. A bit before Ben and Katie go to pick up the kids from camp, they agree on a plan to tell the kids, starting with a nice dinner. On the way, she has a flood of events they've been through come to her, both good and", "title": "The Story of Us (film)" }, { "docid": "52535813", "text": "The 42nd President of the United States, Bill Clinton, has been parodied on Saturday Night Live (SNL) since 1992. Clinton was in office from 1993 to 2001, and has been portrayed on the show over a hundred times, most often by Darrell Hammond. Background Saturday Night Live has parodied U.S. presidents and other politicians since the show started in 1975. The numerous sketches on Clinton are often inspired by aspects of his presidency, the Lewinsky scandal, and his relationship with his wife, herself a frequent subject in SNL's political sketches. Phil Hartman (1992–1994) Phil Hartman was the first cast member to portray Bill Clinton and did so until he left the show in 1994. Among his 18 appearances as Clinton, a December 1992 sketch, in which Clinton enters a McDonald's and eats customers' food while talking about politics, has been noted as a successful one. Hartman also reprised his Clinton impression in The Simpsons for the \"Treehouse of Horror VII\" segment \"Citizen Kang\", which parodied the 1996 United States Presidential election. Darrell Hammond (1995–2019) Darrell Hammond took over the role during his SNL tenure from 1995 to 2009. Like Hartman, Hammond has been considered one of SNL'''s best political impersonators, and on the show he parodied several other American politicians. SNL's ratings rose at the peak of the Lewinsky-scandal, and when Monica Lewinsky guested the show in 1999, she appeared with Hammond's Clinton. In the sketch, Clinton dreams of the life after his presidency, and Lewinsky is his wife. In 1997, he appeared as Clinton at the Radio and Television Correspondents' Association dinner. According to Hammond, he met Clinton at the White House before the event \"in full Clinton drag\". Telling Clinton that he felt foolish, the president replied \"I think you look terrific''.\" He also did an impression of Clinton as part of a 2001 White House Correspondents' Association dinner performance, after Clinton left office. Hammond has returned as Clinton several times since he left the cast, and has played the part on the show over 90 times. Others A 1994 sketch had several cast members auditioning to play Clinton, including Chris Farley, David Spade, Chris Elliott, Adam Sandler, and Tim Meadows. Michael McKean briefly played Clinton after Hartman, at the end of 1994. Dana Carvey once appeared as a \"young Clinton\" in a 1996 sketch where Bob Dole (Norm Macdonald) uses a time-machine. Beck Bennett played Clinton once, in 2013. See also Saturday Night Live parodies of Joe Biden Saturday Night Live parodies of George H. W. Bush Saturday Night Live parodies of Hillary Clinton Saturday Night Live parodies of Sarah Palin Saturday Night Live parodies of Donald Trump References Cultural depictions of Bill Clinton Cultural depictions of presidents of the United States Cultural depictions of Monica Lewinsky Saturday Night Live sketches Saturday Night Live in the 1990s Saturday Night Live in the 2000s Saturday Night Live in the 2010s American political satire", "title": "Saturday Night Live parodies of Bill Clinton" }, { "docid": "129278", "text": "Broadcast News is a 1987 American romantic comedy-drama film written, produced and directed by James L. Brooks. The film concerns a virtuoso television news producer (Holly Hunter) who has daily emotional breakdowns, a brilliant yet prickly reporter (Albert Brooks), and the latter's charismatic but far less seasoned rival (William Hurt). It also stars Robert Prosky, Lois Chiles, Joan Cusack, and Jack Nicholson. The film was acclaimed by critics and at the 60th Academy Awards received seven nominations, including Best Picture. In 2018, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant.\" Plot Jane Craig is a talented, intense news producer who is passionate about reporting and abhors the trend towards soft news in broadcasts. Her best friend and collaborator, Aaron Altman, is a gifted writer and reporter lacking in social skills. The two work in the Washington, D.C. bureau of a national TV network. The bureau hires Tom Grunick, a local news anchor who is handsome, likable, and telegenic but lacks news experience and isn't especially bright. Aaron and Jane go to Nicaragua to report on the Sandinista rebels and get caught up in a shooting battle between them and the contras, bringing home footage that wins the approval of their national anchor. At an office party, news arrives of a Libyan plane having bombed a U.S. military base in Italy. The network chief decides to air a special report, with Tom as anchor and Jane as executive producer. Aaron is devastated at Tom's selection. Watching from his home, he calls Jane with pertinent information, which she feeds to Tom through his earpiece. With the combination of Tom's on-camera poise and Jane's hard-news skills, the report is a great success. Their teamwork also intensifies their mutual attraction. Wanting to complete a story without outside assistance, Tom creates a piece on date rape that includes an interview with a rape victim, where Tom is shown tearing up in reaction. In the face of potential layoffs, Aaron receives an opportunity to anchor the weekend news due to most of his colleagues going to the White House Correspondents' Dinner. He seeks advice from Tom, who encourages Aaron to be more salesman-like in his approach. Aaron takes Tom's advice but during the broadcast begins sweating uncontrollably, resulting in a disastrous broadcast. Meanwhile, Jane and Tom progress romantically at the White House Correspondents' Dinner. But before things get more involved, Jane leaves to console Aaron. The two have a heated argument, where Aaron tells Jane that Tom represents everything she hates about the direction of news media. He also tells Jane that he is in love with her. The layoffs hit the network, resulting in many colleagues losing their jobs. Tom is moved to the London office, indicating that he is being groomed for a national anchor position; Jane is promoted to bureau chief. Tom and Jane agree to take a romantic getaway together before starting their new jobs.", "title": "Broadcast News (film)" }, { "docid": "46553067", "text": "A state dinner in the United States is a formal dinner held in honor of a foreign head of state, such as a king, queen, president, or any head of government. It is hosted by the President of the United States and is usually held in the State Dining Room at the White House in Washington, D.C. Other formal dinners for important people of other nations, such as a prince or princess, are called official dinners, the difference being that the federal government does not pay for them. Nowadays these dinners are more often black tie rather than white tie (see formal wear). The first state dinner was held on December 22, 1874, by President Ulysses S. Grant to welcome King Kalākaua of the Kingdom of Hawai'i. United States state dinners include a variety of dining events across the world, including conferences and summits. They influence many nations and their dining events. State dinners today have a lot more political significance than formerly, and are notably attended by prime ministers and presidents accompanied by politicians, entertainment and security services. Ulysses S. Grant Herbert Hoover Franklin D. Roosevelt Harry S. Truman Dwight D. Eisenhower John F. Kennedy Lyndon B. Johnson Richard Nixon Gerald Ford Jimmy Carter Ronald Reagan George H.W. Bush Bill Clinton George W. Bush Barack Obama Donald Trump Joe Biden See also List of dining events References Cultural lists White House Dining events", "title": "List of state dinners in the United States" }, { "docid": "47880391", "text": "Cody Keenan is an American political advisor and speechwriter who served as the director of speechwriting for President Barack Obama. Keenan studied political science at Northwestern University. After graduation, he worked in the U.S. senate office of Ted Kennedy, before studying for a master's in public policy at the Harvard Kennedy School. After graduation, he took a full-time position on Barack Obama's presidential campaign in 2008. In 2009, he assumed the position of deputy director of speechwriting. After Jon Favreau left the White House in 2013, Keenan took over as director of speechwriting. Early life and education Keenan's parents were both advertising executives who lived in Lake View, Chicago, before moving to Evanston, Illinois, Wilmette, Illinois, and later Ridgefield, Fairfield County, Connecticut, where Keenan attended high school. Keenan attended Northwestern University, where he majored in political science, graduating in 2002. Keenan is a member of the Sigma Chi fraternity and recipient of its Significant Sig award. Career history Early career Keenan's political career began with an internship in the mailroom of Ted Kennedy's senate office in 2003, before going on to become the senator's legislative aide. After a stint as a staff assistant for the Senate Health, Education, Labor and Pensions Committee, Keenan took a master's degree in public policy at the John F. Kennedy School of Government, studying speechwriting and delivery under Steve Jarding. In 2007, Keenan took a summer internship in speechwriting on Barack Obama's presidential campaign, working under Jon Favreau, before returning to the Kennedy School to complete the second year of his studies. He remained involved in the campaign during the year, flying to Iowa during the Christmas break to assist in preparation for the Iowa caucuses. After Hillary Clinton conceded in June 2008, Keenan returned as a full-time staffer on Obama's presidential campaign. White House staffer After the election, Keenan continued in the role as deputy director of speechwriting, working on a speech about the Edward M. Kennedy Serve America Act, the president's eulogy for Ted Kennedy in 2009, and the president's address after the shooting of Gabrielle Giffords in 2011, among other speeches. He appeared in a visual gag for the 2009 White House Correspondents' Dinner, dressed as a pirate. Prior to Favreau's departure from the White House in March 2013, Keenan took the lead on writing the State of the Union Address in January 2013. In March 2013, Keenan was promoted to White House director of speechwriting, with overall responsibility for all speechwriting. Writing in The New York Times, Michael S. Schmidt noted that unlike Favreau, \"who was known for his ability to write lofty, big-picture speeches ... Mr. Keenan focuses far more on individual, hard-work stories as parables for what is difficult but still possible in America.\" In 2015, Keenan wrote the speech delivered by Obama to mark the 50th anniversary of Bloody Sunday. After leaving the White House in 2017, Keenan spent several more years writing with Barack Obama. In June 2015, Keenan gave a commencement address to the Robert F.", "title": "Cody Keenan" }, { "docid": "1043223", "text": "Gwendolyn L. Ifill ( ; September 29, 1955 – November 14, 2016) was an American journalist, television newscaster, and author. In 1999, she became the first African-American woman to host a nationally televised U.S. public affairs program with Washington Week in Review. She was the moderator and managing editor of Washington Week and co-anchor and co-managing editor, with Judy Woodruff, of the PBS NewsHour, both of which air on PBS. Ifill was a political analyst and moderated the 2004 and 2008 vice-presidential debates. She authored the best-selling book The Breakthrough: Politics and Race in the Age of Obama. Gwen Ifill was posthumously awarded the Dunnigan-Payne Prize for lifetime career achievement on Saturday, April 29, 2023, at the White House Correspondents' Dinner. Early life and education Gwendolyn L. Ifill was born in Jamaica, Queens in New York City. She was the fifth of six children of African Methodist Episcopal (AME) minister (Oliver) Urcille Ifill Sr., a Panamanian of Barbadian descent who emigrated from Panama, and Eleanor Ifill, who was from Barbados. Her father's ministry required the family to live in several cities in New England and on the Eastern Seaboard during her youth, where he pastored AME churches. As a child, she lived in Pennsylvania and Massachusetts church parsonages and in federally subsidized housing in Buffalo and New York City. Ifill graduated from Springfield Central High School (then Classical High School) in Springfield, Massachusetts, in 1973. She graduated in 1977 with a Bachelor of Arts in communications from Simmons College, a women's college in Boston. Career While at Simmons College, Ifill interned for the Boston Herald-American. One day at work, she discovered a note on her desk that read, \"Nigger go home.\" After showing the note to editors at the newspaper, who \"were horrified,\" they offered her a job when she graduated from college in 1977. Ifill's close friend Michele Norris stated that Ifill said, \"'That was really unfortunate, but I have work to do.' And that's how she got the job. She didn't get the job out of sympathy. She got the job because she didn't let that slow her down.\" Ifill went on to work for the Baltimore Evening Sun from 1981 to 1984 and for The Washington Post from 1984 to 1991. She left the Post after being told she was not ready to cover Capitol Hill, but was hired by The New York Times, where she covered the White House from 1991 to 1994. Her first job in television was with NBC, where she was the network's Capitol Hill reporter in 1994. In October 1999, she became the moderator of the PBS program Washington Week in Review, the first black woman to host a national political talk show on television. She was a senior correspondent for PBS NewsHour. Ifill appeared on various news shows, including Meet the Press, Face the Nation, Charlie Rose, Inside Washington, and The Tavis Smiley Show. In November 2006, she co-hosted Jamestown Live!, an educational webcast commemorating the 400th anniversary of Jamestown, Virginia.", "title": "Gwen Ifill" }, { "docid": "55508882", "text": "Nerd Prom: Inside Washington's Wildest Week is a 2015 documentary film produced by Life Is My Movie Entertainment. The film follows ex Politico reporter Patrick Gavin and presents the modern White House Correspondents Dinner as an event that has lost sight of its original purpose. Synopsis The White House Correspondents’ Association's annual dinner, which began in 1921, was originally a one-night occasion to honor the important work of White House correspondents and to allow reporters and politicians to briefly put down their guards and get to know each other better. Another key component of the dinner is to raise scholarship funds for future journalists. Patrick Gavin, ex Politico reporter and Director of “Nerd Prom,” claims that the event has lost sight of those original intentions, and only donates a small fraction of the event's proceeds to those promised scholarships. Gavin argues that the event and its attendees are now more focused on the celebrity turnout and the week long schedule of partying that take place before the actual dinner. “Nerd Prom” premiered on April 11, 2015 in Washington D.C. two weeks before the Presidential Correspondents’ Dinner. See also White House Correspondents' Association White House press corps Journalism Not the White House Correspondents’ Dinner References External links Life Is My Movie Entertainment 2015 films 2015 documentary films American documentary films 2010s English-language films 2010s American films", "title": "Nerd Prom: Inside Washington's Wildest Week" }, { "docid": "2226738", "text": "Semi-formal wear or half dress is a grouping of dress codes indicating the sort of clothes worn to events with a level of formality between informal wear and formal wear. In the modern era, the typical interpretation for men is black tie for evening wear and black lounge suit for day wear, corresponded by either a pant suit or an evening gown for women. Whether one would choose to wear morning or evening semi-formal has traditionally been defined by whether the event will commence before or after 6:00 p.m. In addition, equivalent versions may be permitted such as ceremonial dresses (including court dresses, diplomatic uniforms and academic dresses), religious clothing, national costumes, and military mess dresses. Evening wear: \"black tie\" dinner suit For evening wear (after 6 p.m.), the code is black tie. In formal evening dress, or white tie dress, this practice of substituting colors in ties is much less common since men's fashion tends to follow tradition more deeply as it becomes more formal. The origins of evening semi-formal attire date back to the later 19th century when Edward, Prince of Wales (subsequently Edward VII), wanted a more comfortable dinner attire than the swallowtail coat. In spring 1886, the Prince invited James Potter, a rich New Yorker, and his wife Cora to Sandringham House, the Prince's hunting estate in Norfolk. When Potter asked for the Prince's dinner dress code, the Prince sent him to his tailor, Henry Poole & Co., in London, where he was given a suit made to the Prince's specifications with the dinner jacket. On returning to Tuxedo Park, New York, in 1886, Potter's dinner suit proved popular at the Tuxedo Park Club. Not long afterward, when a group of men from the club chose to wear such suits to a dinner at Delmonico's Restaurant in New York City, other diners were surprised. They were told that such clothing was popular at Tuxedo Park, so the particular cut then became known as the \"tuxedo\". From its creation into the 1920s, this dinner jacket was considered appropriate dress for dining in one's home or club, while the tailcoat remained in place as appropriate for public appearance. Supplementary alternatives Mess dress For formal dining, uniformed services officers and non-commissioned officers often wear mess dress equivalents to the civilian black tie and evening dress. Mess uniforms may vary according to the wearers' respective branches of the armed services, regiments, or corps, but usually include a short Eton-style coat reaching to the waist. Some include white shirts, black bow ties, and low-cut waistcoats, while others feature high collars that fasten around the neck and corresponding high-gorge waistcoats. Some nations' armed services have black tie and white tie equivalent variants in their mess dress. Red Sea rig In tropical areas, primarily in Western diplomatic and expatriate communities, Red Sea rig is sometimes worn, in which the jacket and waistcoat are omitted and a red cummerbund and trousers with red piping are worn instead. See also Western dress codes Suit Informal", "title": "Semi-formal wear" }, { "docid": "75500980", "text": "Thomas White (1758–1825) was a close and loyal friend of the Scottish poet Robert Burns, a mathematician of note and eventually Rector (headteacher) of Dumfries Academy. Life and character He was born at Hexham in Northumberland and settled in Dumfries in 1782, where he became a teacher of mathematics and later the Rector of Dumfries Academy, spending a total of forty-three years working at the school. John M'Diarmid, a contemporary, recalled that White was appointed \"after a comparative trial, in which he foiled every competitor, and secured by the early display of his talents the friendship and esteem of those great ornaments of letters - Dugald Stewart and Professor Robinson.\" White married Jean McNaught on the 7 July 1789 in Dumfries. He had three daughters. Jane and Henrietta never married; Eliza married John Richardson. He became a prominent and well respected member of Dumfries society. His memorial was \"Erected by attached friends and pupils to commemorate the esteem in which the deceased was held.\" He was buried close to Burns in the St Michael's churchyard, lying together in the lair with his wife and daughters. The Board of Longitude, a government body formed in 1714 to administer a scheme of prizes intended to encourage innovators to solve the problem of finding longitude at sea, acknowledged his mathematical contributions and at a dinner in May 1812 he was given the freedom of the Burgh of Dumfries. A local paper reported that a \"Dinner given by the Pupils of Messrs. White & Kennedy \" on 5 May 1812 with the presentation to each of the masters of a service of silver-plate and china. The gift to White bore an inscription presented by his scholars, pursuing their fortunes in different parts of the world, in testimony of the high sense they entertain of his private worth & indefatigable exertions in the discharge of his professional duties in the town of Dumfries during the period of thirty years.\" John M'Diarmid wrote of him \"This excellent man and profound mathematician ... well deserved the compliment that was once paid him - namely, that he added originality to talent, and was almost the only man of his day that was qualified to represent Dumfries in the legislature of science ... Though fond of reading and possessed of various and extensive knowledge, mathematical science was evidently his forte; and I believe I hazard nothing in saying that in the higher department of that severe study he had few equals and no superiors. If proof of this were wanting, it would be found in his valuable contributions to the scientific journals published in London and the correspondence with some of the most learned men in the country... as a man, he has not left an honester behind him.\" \"... at certain intervals he was fond of unbending; he possessed a certain taste for music and poetry; and, what is rather remarkable, wooed the muses with considerable success in various patriotic and most loyal effusions. He wrote a poetical", "title": "Thomas White (headteacher)" }, { "docid": "54718131", "text": "David Litt (born September 17, 1986) is an American political speechwriter and author of the comedic memoir Thanks, Obama: My Hopey Changey White House Years. He is currently the head writer/producer for Funny or Die's office in Washington, D.C. Biography Born to a Jewish family in New York City where he attended the Dalton School, Litt attended Yale University, where he was a member of the Yale Ex!t Players and editor-in-chief of the Yale Record. He first got involved in political speechwriting through an internship with West Wing Writers. He entered the White House in 2011, at the age of 24, and for four years served as a senior presidential speechwriter first to Presidential Advisor Valerie Jarrett, White House Chief of Staff William M. Daley, and ultimately to President Barack Obama, including as the lead writer on four White House Correspondents' Association dinner presentations. Litt has also written for The Onion and McSweeney's Internet Tendency. Litt married Jacqueline Kappler on August 4, 2018. Books Litt's first book, Thanks, Obama, was a New York Times Best Seller and was named one of the best books of 2017 by Esquire magazine. His second, Democracy in One Book or Less, was released in June 2020. Bibliography Thanks, Obama: My Hopey, Changey White House Years (Ecco Press) Democracy in One Book or Less (Ecco Press) References Living people Obama administration personnel American speechwriters American Jews Writers from New York City Dalton School alumni Exit Players alumni Yale University alumni 1986 births", "title": "David Litt" }, { "docid": "52089894", "text": "Julie Mason (born December 11, 1966) is a journalist and the host of \"The Julie Mason Show\" on SiriusXM radio's POTUS channel. Previously, she hosted \"Julie Mason Mornings\" and \"The Press Pool\" on POTUS. Professional life Mason was a White House correspondent for the Houston Chronicle, Washington Examiner and Politico during the George W. Bush administration and the first term of Barack Obama's administration. She was with the Chronicle for twenty years. Mason's first job was as a clerk in the Washington bureau of the Dallas Morning News, and In 1988 she went to Texas to work as a reporter with the Houston Chronicle. She was transferred to the newspaper's Washington bureau in 2001 but was laid off in 2008 while serving as the paper's White House correspondent. She worked at the Washington Examiner as a White House reporter until 2010, when she joined Politico's White House team. She joined SiriusXM in 2011. In 2014, Mason received the Gracie Award from the Alliance for Women in the Media for outstanding achievement as a radio talk show host. She has been the secretary and a board member of the White House Correspondents' Association. She has been noted for her impressions of notable figures such as Laura Bush, Michelle Obama, Elizabeth Warren and John Boehner. Readers of FishbowlDC in 2012 voted Mason \"class clown\" of the Washington press corps. One report said that Mason is known for her \"bawdy personality and quick wit.\" Television commentator Bill O'Reilly in 2014 called her a \"loon\" because, according to him, she suggested that he and Glenn Beck may have damaged the Fox News \"brand.\" In 2011, White House press secretary Jay Carney called one of Mason's stories \"partisan, inflammatory and tendentious,\" and U.S. National Security Council spokesperson Tommy Vietor sent her an e-mail that included an animated picture of a crying mime, a \"visual suggestion that she was whining,\" according to Washington Post columnist Paul Farhi. Personal life Mason grew up in Acton, Massachusetts, graduated from Lawrence Academy at Groton, Massachusetts, and attended American University in Washington, D.C. In May 1996, she married David Messina of Houston in the Graceland Chapel in Las Vegas, Nevada, where a Presley impersonator walked her down the aisle and serenaded her afterward. In 2011, she lived in Washington, in the Dupont-Logan-U Street-Columbia Heights area. Mason is a reader of Tarot cards. Quotations Tara Parker-Pope recalled that when she and Mason were reporters on the Houston Chronicle, the former stopped by Mason's desk to ask a question. Mason turned around \"to show me I had her full attention\" and said, \"I've always got five minutes for a friend.\" Laura Bush was the \"iron rod\" at George W. Bush's back. \"She keeps him from going too far off the deep end when he gets all caught up in his cock-of-the-walk behavior.\" References External links Mason prepares for a White House Correspondents Association dinner (video) \"BIRTHDAY OF THE DAY: Julie Mason, host of SiriusXM's 'Press Pool'\" \"Julie Mason Is Getting Sirius,\" Borderstan,", "title": "Julie Mason" }, { "docid": "2242672", "text": "David Michael Gregory (born August 24, 1970) is an American television personality and the former host of NBC News' Sunday morning talk show Meet the Press. Gregory has served as a CNN political analyst since 2016. Early life and education Gregory was born in Tarzana, Los Angeles, California, and raised in Encino and Van Nuys, the son of Carolyn (née Fitzpatrick), an account manager, and Don Gregory (originally Don Ginsburg), a film and theatrical producer. His father was Jewish and his mother was Irish Catholic. Gregory was educated at Birmingham High School, a co-educational public high school in the Lake Balboa district of Los Angeles, followed by the American University in Washington, D.C., from which he graduated in 1992. While there, he worked for the campus television station, ATV - American University Television, and received a degree in International Studies from the School of International Service. He was also a member of the Alpha Sigma Phi fraternity. Gregory was named the School of International Service's alumnus of the year in 2005 and sits on the Dean's Advisory Council. Career Early career Gregory began his career at the age of 18 as a summer reporter for KGUN-TV in Tucson, Arizona. Gregory also worked for NBC's Sacramento, California, affiliate KCRA-TV. Relationship with the Bush White House Gregory was assigned by NBC to the press corps covering George W. Bush when he ran for president in 2000. During the campaign, Bush threw a party for Gregory's 30th birthday, complete with cake, on the campaign plane. Bush nicknamed Gregory \"Stretch\" because of his height (6'5\"), and also \"Dancing Man,\" for Gregory's occasional propensity to display his dance moves. After the election, Gregory became a White House correspondent for NBC. The conservative Media Research Center named him 'Best White House Correspondent' for his coverage of Bush's first 100 days. Gregory held this position until taking the Meet the Press job in December 2008. Michael Chertoff, a Bush appointee, attended a baby shower for Gregory's children. He also participated with Karl Rove, Bush's chief advisor, in a dancing skit for the Radio and Television Correspondents' Association Dinner in Washington, D.C. Today Gregory had been the substitute co-anchor at Weekend Today for Lester Holt from 2003 to 2014. He filled in for Matt Lauer on Today from 2005 to 2014. Gregory had anchored News Chat, Crosstalk NBC and Newsfront on MSNBC from 1998 to 2000. NBC Nightly News Gregory also filled in on NBC News Weekend Nightly News and NBC Nightly News from 2005 to 2014. Imus in the Morning Gregory also filled the Imus in the Morning time slot on MSNBC after the Don Imus controversy involving the Rutgers University basketball team while MSNBC searched for a permanent host. He served as a guest host in the morning time slot for MSNBC (while also being simulcast on WFAN) for one week in May. The morning radio program was known as Gregory Live. Race for the White House and 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue From March 17, 2008, through", "title": "David Gregory (journalist)" }, { "docid": "43994025", "text": "Walter G. Muir (1905 – December 29, 1999) was a correspondence chess player and former secretary of the ICCF U.S.A. Walter Muir was also a philanthropist and benefactor, and former president of the Roanoke Valley Chess Club. The annual Walter Muir Chess Tournament is held in his honor. Both of Walter Muir's parents were Canadian citizens. He was married to Dorothy Saunders Muir for 65 years. He surveyed the right-of-way between Albany, New York and New York City for the New York Power and Light Company between 1931-1932. Walter Muir was a resident of Salem, Virginia and Roanoke, Virginia for many years. He had also been an employee with General Electric for 46 years. He was known for wearing a white dinner jacket and bow tie during tournaments, and was very fond of the Evans Gambit with white. Chess accomplishments Walter Muir was a renowned international openings theoretician on many double king pawn openings. Many of his chess games between 1933 and 1987 were recorded and are still available for study and review online. Correspondence chess He began to play correspondence chess in 1925. Walter Muir was known as \"The Grand Old Man of Correspondence Chess\". \"It is probably not an understatement to say that Walter Muir has been the single most influential person in the development of correspondence chess in the United States. He has been a dominant force in postal play on a national and international level for almost five decades. He fully deserves recognition as the \"Dean of American Correspondence Chess.\" He was the founder of the United States Postal Chess Union. Awarded the rank of International Correspondence Chess Master in 1971. In a short biography published by the US Chess Federation, it said: \"Nine times Canadian Correspondence Chess Association Champion (1928, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1939, 1942), twice British Overseas CC Champion, 16 time champion of the Illinois CCA, winner of nine ICCF Master Tournaments, qualified seven times for ICCF World Championship second-round play, and played on four Olympiad teams for the United States.\" The Walter Muir Memorial Invitational Correspondence Chess Tournament is named in his honor, and is supported by both the ICCF U.S.A. and the Canadian Correspondence Chess Association. He was awarded the International Correspondence Chess Master title in 1971. Dorothy S. and Walter Muir Memorial Fund The Dorothy S. and Walter Muir Memorial Fund Established through the estate of Walter Muir, this fund supports the Roanoke Valley Chess Club, the Fintel Library at Roanoke College and the Western Virginia Foundation for the Arts and Sciences. References Bibliography Muir-Hogenauer Chess Collection. University of Louisville. University Library. The collection of chess master and correspondence chess champion Walter Muir (1905-2000). Three hundred volumes, correspondence, and artifacts, including a complete run of British Chess Magazine, the rare 1723 edition of the Italian treatise Il Giuoco Degli Scacchi, and Walter Muir's autobiography My 75 year chess career (1997). This endowed collection also includes Walter Muir's chess pieces, boards, and table.Muir-Hogenauer Chess Collection. Muir, Walter, and Jerry Hopfer.", "title": "Walter Muir" }, { "docid": "63564347", "text": "Weijia Jiang (; born June 6, 1983) is an American television journalist and reporter. She is based in Washington, D.C., and has served as the Senior White House Correspondent for CBS News since July 2018. Jiang's question to President Donald Trump about the COVID-19 testing program in the United States during a White House press briefing received global attention and coverage. Early life Born in Xiamen, Mainland China to parents Liya Wei and Huade \"John\" Jiang, Jiang was two when the family immigrated to the United States. She was raised in Buckhannon, West Virginia where her parents, who are now retired, owned and operated Chinatown Restaurant. At age 13, Jiang became interested in journalism after encouragement from her eighth-grade teacher, Dianne Williams. Together, they prepared a home-made TV show to submit to a competition run by the national student broadcast Channel One, leading to an opportunity for Jiang to intern as a student anchor and reporter in Los Angeles for two weeks. During high school, Jiang worked on the high school video news staff under the mentorship of her teacher Julia Conley. In 2005, Jiang graduated from the College of William & Mary with a bachelor's degree in Philosophy and a minor in Chemistry. She worked on the student-run television station WMTV, and credits the university for developing her curiosity. She earned a Master's in broadcast journalism from Syracuse University, graduating in 2006. She was also recognized for her contributions in the field of communications as an inductee of Newhouse School of Public Communication's Professional Gallery in 2012. Career After completing her degree in broadcast journalism and from 2006 to 2008, Jiang was a reporter for WBOC-TV in Salisbury, Maryland. From 2008 until 2012, she worked at WJZ-TV, Baltimore. From 2012 to 2015, Jiang worked on WCBS-TV, New York City as a general assignment reporter and fill-in anchor where she covered major stories such as the Boston Marathon bombings, the Sandy Hook Elementary School shootings, and the Hurricane Sandy. In 2013, WBZ-TV, Boston, won a regional Emmy award in the 34th News & Documentary Emmy Awards for the spot news coverage of the Newtown Tragedy which Jiang was involved in reporting. In 2014 Jiang was the Gala Dinner MC for the Outstanding 50 Asian Americans in Business Gala Dinner which also featured letters of support from then-president Barack Obama, Andrew Cuomo and Bill de Blasio. In 2015, Jiang moved to Washington, D.C., to become a correspondent for Newspath, the 24-hour news gathering service for CBS News. As part of her role she has covered major political stories such as the 2016 United States presidential elections, the funeral of the First Lady of the United States Barbara Bush, and the congressional baseball shooting, also extensively reporting on both the Obama and Trump administrations. In 2018, Jiang became CBS News correspondent for the White House, following her coverage of President Donald Trump's G-7 Summit and the Trump administration's 'zero tolerance' policy. Jiang traveled with President Trump on many occasions, including on-board Air", "title": "Weijia Jiang" }, { "docid": "10982800", "text": "WHCD may refer to: White House Correspondents' Dinner, an annual event put on by the White House Correspondents' Association WSYR-FM (previously WHCD), a news/talk radio station serving Syracuse and central New York", "title": "WHCD" }, { "docid": "18366476", "text": "Heidi Holland (6 October 1947 – 11 August 2012), also known as Heidi Hull (during her first marriage), was a South African journalist and author who had been involved in the journalism industry for over 30 years. She edited Illustrated Life Rhodesia, worked as a freelance writer on publications such as The Sunday Times, The Telegraph, International Herald Tribune, The New York Times and The Guardian, and had also worked on research projects for British television documentaries. Writing She was the author of various books, such as Dinner with Mugabe, an account of her meetings with Robert Mugabe, President (and former Prime Minister) of Zimbabwe. Previously, she released The Colour of Murder, a critical analysis of the 2002 van Schoor murder trials in South Africa. She also released a book based on the history of South Africa's ruling party, The Struggle: A History of the African National Congress. She was found dead of an apparent suicide at her home near Johannesburg. Personal life Heidi Holland was born in Johannesburg in 1947, the daughter of a British father and a Swiss mother. When she was three, the family moved to Southern Rhodesia, where she attended Lord Malvern High School in Salisbury, before becoming a journalist, working for Illustrated Life Rhodesia. Holland returned to South Africa in 1982. Her first husband was Tony Hull, with whom she had a son, Jonah, a roving correspondent based in the London broadcast centre of Al Jazeera International. She had a son, called Nick, with her second husband, George Patrikios, a surgeon. On 11 August 2012, she was found hanging from a tree at her house in Johannesburg. Her second husband predeceased her. Journalism Earlier in her career, Holland edited Illustrated Life Rhodesia. Later, as well as freelancing for a number of international titles, she was a columnist for The Star, a South African broadsheet newspaper based in Johannesburg. Books Dinner with Mugabe The title Dinner with Mugabe relates to an encounter between Holland and Robert Mugabe in 1975 when a friend brought him to her house for a secret dinner as he was about to leave the country to fight the white minority government of Rhodesia during the Bush War. Yet Holland was significant as a white journalist to have secured a 2½-hour interview with Mugabe as Zimbabwean president in December 2007. It took 18 months to secure the interview. In the book, Holland explores the transformation of the man she met in 1975 with his present state. She also looks at his relationships with those such as his first wife, Sally; Lord Soames, the last British Governor; Denis Norman, a white farmer who held several portfolios in his early governments as well as with Ian Smith, the last Prime Minister of Rhodesia. She also questions the President on controversial issues such as Gukurahundi and land reform in Zimbabwe. Several excerpts of the book have appeared in the international press and it is published by Penguin South Africa. The Colour of Murder In 2006, Holland", "title": "Heidi Holland" }, { "docid": "42663201", "text": "Louis R. Lautier (1897-1962) was the first African-American journalist admitted to the White House Correspondents' Association (1951) and to the National Press Club (1955). Biography Lautier was born in New Iberia, Louisiana, in 1897 and raised Catholic in New Orleans. He attended Straight College (later Dillard University) in New Orleans, Morris Brown College in Atlanta, from which he received an A.B. and an honorary LL.D., and studied at Howard Law School in Washington. In 1945, Lautier became Washington correspondent for the National Negro Publishers Association, which provided news stories to the black press. He covered White House press conferences but could not get a Congressional press pass. The Standing Committee of Correspondents, a group of reporters that decided on credentials for the Senate and House press galleries, rejected his application because his client papers were mostly weeklies and the press gallery admitted only reporters for daily papers. In 1947, Lautier took his case to the Senate Rules Committee, whose chairman, Illinois Senator C. Wayland Brooks, ordered the gallery to admit him. He became a member of the White House Correspondents Association in 1951 and began attending their annual dinners two years later. In 1955, Lautier applied for membership in the National Press Club. Division within the membership was so intense that Press Club held a secret referendum on admitting him. He was approved by a vote of 377 to 281. Lautier retired from the NNPA in 1961 to become special assistant to the chairman of the Republican National Committee and to write a column, \"Looking at the Record,\" which the RNC distributed to the black press. He died of a heart attack on May 6, 1962. See also National Newspaper Publishers Association References External links Feb 5th 1956 Louis Lautier became the first Black admitted to membership in the National Press Club Integrating Senate Spaces: Thomas Thornton and Louis Lautier African-American journalists 20th-century American journalists American male journalists Morris Brown College alumni People from New Iberia, Louisiana 1962 deaths 1897 births Mass media people from New Orleans 20th-century African-American people African-American Catholics", "title": "Louis Lautier" }, { "docid": "4971948", "text": "The Radio and Television Correspondents' Association of Washington, D.C. (RTCA) is an American broadcast journalism group of news reporters from around the world who cover the United States Congress. Founded in 1939, RTCA is best known for holding an annual dinner in Washington, D.C., not to be confused with the higher profile White House Correspondents' Association Dinner. Chair of the Association 2008-2009: Heather Dahl, Feature Story News. 2009-2010: Linda Scott, The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer 2010-2011: Peter Slen, C-SPAN 2011-2012: Jay McMichael, CNN News Photographer 2012-2013: John Wallace, III, FOX News photographer 2013-2014: Lisa Desjardins, CNN 1998-1999: Jim Mills, Fox News Awards David Bloom Award Jerry Thompson Award Joan Shorenstein Barone Award Lifetime Achievement Award RTCA Dinners As is the case with the similar but more exclusive WHCA Dinner, the attention given to the Association's activities are far outweighed by the focus on the dinner's guest list and pre-dinner receptions and post-dinner parties hosted by various media organizations. Also as is true of the WHCA Dinner and Gridiron Club Dinner, the RTCA Dinner has been subject to criticism that it encourages journalists to engage in undue coziness with the political officials they are supposed to fairly cover, and also that the public spectacle of \"playing footsie\" with reporters' main subjects is bringing the political press into disgrace. Notable RTCA dinners In 1983, the RTCA compiled a videotape of various bloopers made in the news, and even music videos about the news, entitled \"Tapes of Wrath\". A sequel, \"Tapes of Wrath II\", followed in 1991. In 1995, President Bill Clinton. In 1996, speaker Don Imus made coarse jokes about President Bill Clinton and Hillary Clinton, which White House Press Secretary Mike McCurry termed \"tasteless\". During the 2004 dinner, President George W. Bush mocked himself in a slideshow including images of him searching under furniture in the Oval Office for Iraqi weapons of mass destruction, which liberal commentator David Corn termed a \"callous and arrogant display\". In 2007, President George W. Bush attended the event for the third time, and JibJab premiered its latest satiric animation, What We Call The News On Tuesday, June 16, 2009, president Barack Obama and humorist, author, and actor John Hodgman were the headline speakers at the 2009 RTCA Dinner. At the dinner, JibJab premiered its animated video, \"He's Barack Obama.\" Brief timeline of recent dinners 1995: Bill Maher 1997: Darrell Hammond and Norm Macdonald 1999: President Clinton attends just six weeks after his Senate Impeachment Trial. Jackie Judd wins award for reporting on Monica Lewinsky. Jim Mills of Fox News MC's the event. 2001: President Bush makes fun of his own grammar. 2002: No one from White House attends. 2003: Vice President Cheney jokes about President Bush's flight suit. 2004: President Bush jokes about WMDs. Controversy erupts. 2005: Vice President Cheney talks about then recently deceased Pope John Paul II. 2006: Vice President Cheney jokes about hunting. 2007: \"MC Rove\" performs rap onstage. 2009 John Hodgman 2010: Comedian Joe Wong performs at RTC Dinner. 2011: Larry", "title": "Radio and Television Correspondents' Association" }, { "docid": "50035703", "text": "The White House Passover Seder was an annual private dinner held at the White House on the Jewish holiday of Passover during the presidency of Barack Obama. Obama initiated it in 2009 for his family, staff members, friends, and their families. The gathering recited the Passover Haggadah, discussed the themes of the Passover Seder and their relation to current events, and partook of a holiday-themed meal. Obama hosted and attended the Seder each year from 2009 to 2016. It was the first Passover Seder to be conducted by a sitting U.S. president in the White House. Background A Passover Seder is a ritual meal held by Jews on the first two nights of the Passover holiday (first night only in Israel). The Seder is traditionally conducted in the home by the family and their invited guests, although it may also be held by any group of Jews, such as members of a synagogue, condominium complex, student group, army base, etc. At the Seder, participants read the Haggadah, a ritual text recounting the liberation of the Israelites from slavery in ancient Egypt. The reading is accompanied by visual aids in the form of the symbolic foods on the Passover Seder Plate. A festive meal is part of the ritual. While religious Jewish law places certain restrictions on a non-Jew eating at a Seder, non-traditional Jews often invite non-Jews to their Seders, and non-Jews also conduct Seders of their own, although the latter practice is highly controversial. History The White House Passover Seder had its origins in an informal Passover Seder conducted on April 19, 2008, by three junior staff members of then-presidential candidate Barack Obama's campaign. At the time, Obama and his campaign team were in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, in advance of the Pennsylvania primary, and the Jewish staffers realized they would not be able to go home to be with their families on Seder night. The three staffers – Eric Lesser, Herbie Ziskend, and Arun Chaudhary – obtained a \"Passover kit\" with wine, matzo, macaroons, and Haggadahs from the Hillel House at the University of Pennsylvania and were conducting a late-night Seder in a meeting room of the Sheraton Hotel in Harrisburg when Obama walked in. \"Hey, is this the Seder?\" Obama asked. He and a group of aides, all non-Jews, joined in to recite the Haggadah. Obama was familiar with the ritual, having attended Passover Seders for the previous nine years. At the end of the Seder, when the assembled said the traditional wish, \"Next year in Jerusalem\", Obama added, \"Next year in the White House\". The following year, with Obama elected president and his junior staffers working in the White House, Obama encouraged the group to hold the Seder again. The 2009 event was the first time that a sitting U.S. president conducted a Passover Seder in the White House. The White House switchboard was reportedly swamped with callers seeking a dinner invitation. The White House Seder was scheduled for the second night of Passover to allow Jewish staffers", "title": "White House Passover Seder" }, { "docid": "5555344", "text": "The Raleigh Tavern was a tavern in Williamsburg, Virginia, and was one of the largest taverns in colonial Virginia. It gained some fame in the pre-American Revolutionary War Colony of Virginia as a gathering place for legislators after several Royal Governors officially dissolved the House of Burgesses, the elected legislative body, when their actions did not suit the Crown. It was also the site of the founding of the Phi Beta Kappa Society on December 5, 1776. Rebuilt in 1930–31, it was both the first building to be reconstructed and to be opened as part of Colonial Williamsburg. Unlike several other taverns in Williamsburg that operate as restaurants or inns, the reconstructed Raleigh Tavern building serves as a museum, showing visitors how the tavern would have appeared. It was named after Sir Walter Raleigh, an important figure in the English settlement of Virginia. A lead bust of Raleigh sat above the entrance door. History From 1699 to 1779, Williamsburg served as the capital of the colony of Virginia. As such, there were numerous taverns to host legislators and other visitors having business with the government while the House of Burgesses was in session. The original tavern is believed to have been built some time before 1735. It changed ownership and keepers numerous times, continuing in use as a tavern, eventually being acquired by local cabinetmaker Anthony Hay (father of jurist George Hay) in 1767. The tavern was an institution in Williamsburg; auctions as well as balls were held under the Raleigh's aegis. The tavern was the site of reception dinners held for at least two Royal Governors upon their arrival to Virginia: Robert Dinwiddie in November 1751, and Lord Botetourt in October 1768. In May 1769, the Raleigh Tavern began its role as a center of sedition when Governor Botetourt dissolved the House of Burgesses, because of resolutions against the Townshend Acts. After its dissolution, the burgesses immediately convened in the Apollo Room as the 'late representatives of the people' and adopted the Non-Importation Agreement. The House of Burgesses was reconvened by the Governor in November that year. This room was the frequent rendezvous of Thomas Jefferson, Patrick Henry, and other Revolutionary patriots. They met here in 1773 to develop intercolonial committees of correspondence. Dissolved by Governor Dunmore, the Burgesses met again in the Apollo Room in May 1774. The Marquis de Lafayette was entertained at a banquet here in 1824, and the building remained in continual use as a tavern until it burned at the hands of an arsonist in 1859. Architecture Based on period prints, the present reconstruction is an L-shaped white weatherboard building with 18 dormer windows. The main room of the Raleigh Tavern was a banqueting hall known as the Apollo Room. Accounts note that the Latin motto Hilaritas sapientiae et bonae vitae proles (\"Jollity is the offspring of wisdom and good living\") was written over the mantel. Historian Lyon Gardiner Tyler wrote of the room that it \"witnessed probably more scenes of brilliant festivity and", "title": "Raleigh Tavern" }, { "docid": "5015248", "text": "On April 29, 2006, American comedian Stephen Colbert appeared as the featured entertainer at the 2006 White House Correspondents' Association Dinner, which was held in Washington, D.C., at the Hilton Washington hotel. Colbert's performance, consisting of a 16-minute podium speech and a 7-minute video presentation, was broadcast live across the United States on the cable television networks C-SPAN and MSNBC. Standing a few feet from U.S. President George W. Bush, in front of an audience of celebrities, politicians, and members of the White House Press Corps, Colbert delivered a controversial, searing routine targeting the president and the media. He spoke in the persona of the character he played on Comedy Central's The Colbert Report, a parody of conservative pundits such as Bill O'Reilly and Sean Hannity. Colbert's performance quickly became an Internet and media sensation. Commentators remarked on the humor of Colbert's performance, the political nature of his remarks, and speculated as to whether there was a cover-up by the media in the way the event was reported. James Poniewozik of Time noted that whether or not one liked the speech, it had become a \"political-cultural touchstone issue of 2006—like whether you drive a hybrid or use the term 'freedom fries. Performance at the dinner American comedian Stephen Colbert was the featured entertainer at the White House Correspondents' Association Dinner, held at the Hilton Washington hotel in Washington, D.C., on April 29, 2006. He was invited to speak by Mark Smith, the outgoing president of the White House Press Corps Association. Smith later told reporters that he had not seen much of Colbert's work. Since 1983, the event has featured well-known stand-up comics. Previous performances included President Gerald Ford and Chevy Chase making fun of Ford's alleged clumsiness in 1975, and Ronald Reagan and Rich Little performing together in 1981. Colbert gave his after-dinner remarks in front of an audience described by the Associated Press as a \"Who's Who of power and celebrity\". More than 2,500 guests attended the event, including First Lady Laura Bush, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Peter Pace, U.S. Attorney General Alberto Gonzales, China's Ambassador Zhou Wenzhong, AOL co-founder Steve Case, model and tennis player Anna Kournikova, and actor George Clooney. Colbert spoke directly to President Bush several times, satirically praising his foreign policy, lifestyle, and beliefs, and referring to his declining approval rating and popular reputation. Colbert spoke in the persona of the character he played on Comedy Central's The Colbert Report, a parody of a conservative pundit in the fashion of Bill O'Reilly and Sean Hannity. He began by satirizing mass surveillance, joking \"If anybody needs anything else at their tables, just speak slowly and clearly into your table numbers. Someone from the NSA will be right over with a cocktail.\" While many of his jokes were directed at President Bush, he also lampooned the journalists and other figures present at the dinner. Most of the speech was prepared specifically for the event, Colbert's long-time writing partner, Paul Dinello, helped him with", "title": "Stephen Colbert at the 2006 White House Correspondents' Dinner" }, { "docid": "5053667", "text": "The East Wing of the White House is a two-story structure that serves as office space for the first lady and her staff, including the White House social secretary, White House Graphics and Calligraphy Office and correspondence staff. The East Wing also includes the visitors' entrance and the East Colonnade, a corridor connecting the body of the East Wing to the residence. Along the corridor is the White House theater, also called the family theater. Social and touring visitors to the White House usually enter through the East Wing. The East Wing was built on top of the Presidential Emergency Operations Center, a secure emergency underground shelter for the president. Visitors touring the White House enter through the wood-paneled lobby, where portraits of presidents and first ladies hang. They go through the Garden Room and along the East Colonnade, which has a view of the Jacqueline Kennedy Garden, past the theater to the Visitors' Foyer. They enter the residence at the ground floor. History President Thomas Jefferson added colonnaded terraces to the east and west sides of the White House, but no actual wings. Under Jackson in 1834, running water was piped in from a spring and pumped up into the east terrace in metal tubes. These ran through the walls and protruded into the rooms, controlled by spigots. Initially, the water was for washing items, but soon the first bathing rooms were created, in the ground-level east colonnade. Van Buren had shower baths installed here. The East Terrace was removed in 1866. For many years, a greenhouse occupied the east grounds of the White House. The first small East Wing was built during the Theodore Roosevelt renovations, as an entrance for formal and public visitors. This served mainly as an entrance for guests during large social gatherings, when it was necessary to accommodate many cars and carriages. Its primary feature was the long cloak room with spots for coats and hats of the ladies and gentlemen. The East Wing as it exists today was added to the White House in 1942 primarily to cover the construction of an underground bunker, now known as the Presidential Emergency Operations Center (PEOC). Around the same time, Theodore Roosevelt's coatroom became the movie theater. Later, offices for correspondence, calligraphers and the social secretary were placed in the East Wing. Eleanor Roosevelt employed the first social secretary. Rosalynn Carter, in 1977, was the first first lady to keep her own office in the East Wing. Today, the social secretary prepares all of the invitations and written correspondence for every event held at the White House. References External links The White House Web site White House Museum: East Wing, with floorplan and historical images White House White House Executive Residence Operations", "title": "East Wing" }, { "docid": "3366147", "text": "Carl Philipp Leubsdorf (born March 17, 1938) is Washington columnist for The Dallas Morning News. He previously was Washington bureau chief from 1981 through 2008. Early life and education Leubsdorf was born in New York City, the son of Bertha (née Boschwitz) and Karl Leubsdorf, both pre-World War II Jewish immigrants from Germany. His father worked for Carl Pforzheimer; his mother was a mathematician who endowed the Karl and Bertha Leubsdorf Gallery at Hunter College in honor of her husband. After attending the Ethical Culture Fieldston School, he attended Cornell University, where he worked for the Cornell Daily Sun, and held the title of associate editor. He was elected Phi Beta Kappa and graduated with honors in 1959 with a degree in government. He subsequently earned an M.S. with honors in journalism from the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism. Career Leubsdorf has worked as a staff writer for the Associated Press from 1960 to 1975 in New Orleans, New York City, and Washington, D.C., as chief political writer for Associated Press from 1972 to 1975; and as Washington correspondent for The Baltimore Sun from 1976 to 1981 prior to his engagement with The Dallas Morning News. He is a columnist at The Dallas Morning News and the current secretary of the Gridiron Club and is a past president of both that organization and the White House Correspondents' Association. In April 1997, Leubsdorf was roasted briefly at the WHCA dinner by guest speaker Jon Stewart. Personal life Leubsdorf married twice. His first wife was Carolyn (née Cleveland) Stockmeyer, a widowed mother of four children who served as the finance communications director for the Republican National Committee from 1982 to 1989 and the Agriculture Department's publications editor during the George H. W. Bush administration; they had one son, Carl Leubsdorf Jr. In 1982, he married Susan Page, currently Washington Bureau Chief for USA Today, in a non-denominational ceremony in Washington, D.C. References External links Official Twitter 1938 births Living people 20th-century American journalists American male journalists American people of German-Jewish descent Jewish American journalists Journalists from New York City Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism alumni Cornell University alumni Ethical Culture Fieldston School alumni The Dallas Morning News people", "title": "Carl Leubsdorf" }, { "docid": "27836961", "text": "'Michael Viqueira is the Washington Bureau Chief for NewsNation. He was White House correspondent for Al Jazeera America, which closed in 2016. Previously, he covered politics at NBC News and appeared on The Today Show, NBC Nightly News, and MSNBC. Early life and education Viqueira is of Spanish and Italian heritage. Professional career Viqueira began his career at NHK Japan Television, where he was an intern, producer, and radio and television correspondent. In 1998, he joined NBC News as a congressional producer, eventually becoming a congressional reporter. In 2006, he served as chairman of the Radio and Television Correspondents' Association. He was then assigned to the White House where he reported for The Today Show, NBC Nightly News, MSNBC, and The Weather Channel. On June 5, 2013, he was named Al Jazeera America's first White House correspondent, a role he held until the network folded. On January 28, 2021, NewsNation named Viqueira their Washington Bureau Chief. Awards In 2008, Viqueira won two Emmy awards for the coverage of the bailout and the 2008 election. He also received the Joan Barone Award for Excellence in Journalism that same year, for his coverage of the bailout. References Living people NBC News people Al Jazeera people American television reporters and correspondents 1960 births", "title": "Mike Viqueira" }, { "docid": "53643113", "text": "This is a list of historic and contemporary dining events, which includes banquets, feasts, dinners and dinner parties. Such gatherings involving dining sometimes consist of elaborate affairs with full course dinners and various beverages, while others are simpler in nature. Individual events Banquet of Chestnuts – known more properly as the \"Ballet of Chestnuts\", refers to a fête in Rome, and particularly to a supper purportedly held in the Papal Palace by former Cardinal Cesare Borgia, son of Pope Alexander VI on 30 October 1501. Banquet of the Five Kings – a 1363 meeting of the kings of England, Scotland, France, Denmark and Cyprus Booker T. Washington dinner at the White House – On 16 October 1901, shortly after moving into the White House, Theodore Roosevelt invited his adviser, the African American spokesman Booker T. Washington, to dine with him and his family, and provoked an outpouring of condemnation from southern politicians and press. This reaction affected subsequent White House practice, and no other African American was invited to dinner for almost thirty years. Feast at Swan Goose Gate – a feast held by rebels against the Qin Dynasty in 206 BC, at the Swan Goose Gate outside Xianyang Feast of the Pheasant – a banquet given by Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy on 17 February 1454 in Lille, now in France. Its purpose was to promote a crusade against the Turks, who had taken Constantinople the year before. The crusade never took place. Last Supper – the final meal that, in the Gospel accounts, Jesus shared with his Apostles in Jerusalem before his crucifixion. Supper at Emmaus – The Road to Emmaus appearance is one of the early resurrection appearances of Jesus after his crucifixion and the discovery of the empty tomb. Both the Meeting on the road to Emmaus and the subsequent Supper at Emmaus, depicting the meal that Jesus had with two disciples after the encounter on the road, have been popular subjects in art. Trefa Banquet – a dinner held in Cincinnati, Ohio on July 11, 1883, in honor of the first graduating class of Hebrew Union College. It became controversial for serving non-kosher dishes, thereby highlighting philosophical disagreements within the Reform Jewish community. Banquets Julebord – a Scandinavian feast or banquet in the days before Christmas in December and partly November where there is served traditional Christmas food and alcoholic beverages, often in the form of a buffet. Many Julebords are characterized by large amounts of food and drink, both traditional and new, hot and cold dishes. There is often lively partying and the party can be an important social meeting place for colleagues. Nobel Banquet – an annual banquet held on December 10 in the Blue Hall of Stockholm City Hall, after the Nobel Prize ceremony. At the banquet, for which a formal dress code exists, a multi-course dinner is served and entertainment provided. Breakfasts North Melbourne Grand Final Breakfast – a breakfast function organised by the North Melbourne Football Club on the", "title": "List of dining events" }, { "docid": "61237194", "text": "The following is a timeline of the presidency of Ronald Reagan from January 1, 1987, to December 31, 1987. January January 2 – A memorandum by President Reagan on the general system of preferences is filed with the Federal Register Office during the afternoon. President Reagan sends a letter to Speaker of the House of Representatives Tip O'Neill about his \"intent to withdraw Romania and Nicaragua and suspend Paraguay from the list of beneficiary developing countries under the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) effective 60 days after the date of this letter.\" January 3 – President Reagan conducts his radio address from the Oval Office of the White House about the fiscal budget for the following year. January 5 – Letters are sent to Speaker O'Neill and Vice President George H. W. Bush for the 1988 budget. January 27 – President Reagan delivers the 1987 State of the Union Address to a joint session of Congress. January 30 – President Reagan awards Larry Speakes the Presidential Citizen Medal. President Reagan announces his appointments of Charles D. Hobbs for Assistant to the President, and Gary L. Bauer for Assistant to the President for Policy Development. January 31 – President Reagan delivers a radio address regarding the goals of his presidency from the Oval Office during the afternoon. February February 2 – President Reagan discussed the upcoming economic summit in Venice, trade issues, arms control, and East-West scientific cooperation with Italian officials February 3 – President Reagan met with local townspeople to express gratitude for their assistance to the victims of the Amtrak train accident in Chase, Maryland. The accident resulted in sixteen fatalities and over 170 injuries. February 4 – President Reagan convened a meeting to address the refugee situation in Southeast Asia with key officials. February 5 – President Reagan held a meeting with Prime Minister Turgut Özal of the Republic of Turkey. February 7 – President Reagan delivers a radio address to the nation on welfare reform. February 9 – President Reagan participated in a welfare reform briefing for members of the Coalition for America at Risk, including members of the press. President Reagan addressed approximately 200 guests, including members of the press, at a ceremony to congratulate the Stars & Stripes on its victory in the America's Cup yachting race. President Reagan met with representatives of the Boy Scouts of America to receive their annual report. February 11 – President Reagan met with the Special Review Board for the National Security Council to review the Iran policy and the President's role in its development and execution. March April April 20 – United States Secretary of the Interior Donald P. Hodel requests that Congress give approval to both oil and gas leasing while recommending the Arctic National Wildfire Refuge. Vice President Bush hosts the annual White House Easter Egg Roll. April 21 – The Senate grants limited immunity to former United States National Security Advisor John Poindexter. April 22 – President Reagan participates in the White House Correspondents' Dinner.", "title": "Timeline of the Ronald Reagan presidency (1987)" }, { "docid": "25381393", "text": "Helena Andrews (born October 28, 1980) is an American author, pop culture critic, and journalist at The Washington Post. Her first book, Bitch is the New Black, was published by HarperCollins in June 2010. Bitch is the New Black is a collection of essays chronicling her experiences as a single black female in Washington, D.C. First conceptualized as a daily blog documenting the sad state of dating among educated African Americans, Bitch is the New Black evolved to describe all the influences and impacts on the modern black woman. Andrews is currently writing a screenplay for the movie version of the book. The film rights have been optioned by Grey's Anatomy creator/executive producer Shonda Rhimes, who will serve as executive producer for the project. In an interview with The Root she discussed the upcoming book: \"Despite the fact that the most visible woman in the United States is black, popular culture still hasn't moved past the only adjective apparently meant to describe us: 'strong'. 'Bitch' will hopefully function as a sort of dictionary (abridged, of course), providing a new vocabulary for black women. Almost automatically I'd describe myself as strong, but I'm also flawed, tired, sexy, depressed, frightened, naïve, hilarious, greedy and, of course, bitchy. In 16 essays, 'Bitch' gives credence to each one of my faces - the secret sides every woman often keeps hidden.\" Career Andrews began work in publishing as an intern at O, the Oprah Magazine in 2002. After leaving O, she worked brief stints at Seventeen, Domino and Rap-Up magazines. After a year pursuing a master's degree from Northwestern University in 2005, Andrews worked as a news assistant in the Washington bureau of The New York Times. In 2006 she became a staff writer for the online political magazine Politico.com where she covered the cultural goings on of Capitol Hill. She has appeared on CNN, Inside Edition, Fox News and XM Radio. Currently, she is a regular contributor to Slate'''s TheRoot.com and AOL's PoliticsDaily.com In 2015, she was reported to be working as a writer for the Washington Post. Andrews graduated from Columbia University in 2002 with a Bachelor of Arts in English and Creative Writing. At Columbia, she joined the Rho chapter of Delta Sigma Theta sorority. She earned a master's degree in print journalism from the Medill School of Journalism at Northwestern University in 2005. 2015 White House Correspondents Dinner incident At the annual White House Correspondents Dinner in Washington in 2015, Andrews was mistaken by many viewers watching on CNN for First Lady Michelle Obama, when caught on camera using her iPhone during the playing of the national anthem. A still of Andrews from the CNN clip went viral, and was circulated widely, often leading those who viewed it to assume it was the First Lady. Bibliography Bitch is the New Black (2010) The Mamas: What I Learned About Kids, Class and Race from Moms Not Like Me'' (2022) References 1986 births Living people Medill School of Journalism alumni Columbia College (New", "title": "Helena Andrews" }, { "docid": "42662967", "text": "Harry Sylvester McAlpin Jr. (July 21, 1906 - July 18, 1985) was an American reporter. He was the first African-American reporter to attend a U.S. Presidential news conference in 1944. Biography Born on July 21, 1906, in St. Louis, Missouri, Harry Sylvester McAlpin Jr. studied journalism and advertising at the University of Wisconsin. After graduating in 1926, he moved to Washington, D.C., where he worked as a reporter, editor, and office manager for the Washington Tribune, an African American weekly paper, from 1926 to 1929. He then handled publicity and advertising for the National Benefit Life Insurance Company from 1929 to 1933. When the New Deal got underway in 1933, McAlpin joined the New Negro Alliance to \"protect employment of Negroes under the [National Recovery Administration] program.\" He served in the Federal Security Agency and the U.S. Employment Service while attending the Robert H. Terrell Law School at night. He passed the D.C. bar examination in 1937. McAlpin became an assistant to Mary McLeod Bethune, Director of Negro Affairs at the National Youth Administration. On the side, he worked as a part-time Washington correspondent for the Chicago Defender. In 1943 the National Negro Publishers Association (NNPA) petitioned the White House Correspondents Association (WHCA) for press credentials on the grounds that the Atlanta Daily World was one of its member papers. All other African American papers at the time were weeklies, and the press credentials were limited to reporters for daily papers. The WHCA agreed but it took several more months before the NNPA could afford to open its own Washington bureau and hire McAlpin as its full-time Washington correspondent. On February 8, 1944 he attended his first presidential press conference and was greeted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, who shook his hand and said, \"I'm glad to see you, McAlpin, and very happy to have you here.\" Although accredited at the White House, McAlpin was rejected when he applied for a congressional press pass. The Standing Committee of Correspondents that controlled accreditation for the newspaper press galleries at the Capitol regarded him as a reporter for mostly weekly papers, while the Periodical Press gallery rejected him because he reported for newspapers rather than magazines. McAlpin believed that these actions were influenced \"by my racial identity rather than the flimsy technicality publicly stated.\" Strong competition from a rival news service, the Associated Negro Press (ANP), led the NNPA to replace McAlpin as its Washington Correspondent with Louis Lautier. McAlpin moved to Louisville, Kentucky, where he served as the only African American assistant commonwealth attorney until 1953, when he resigned after being dropped from a criminal prosecution of three white women. McAlpin later became head of the Louisville chapter of the NAACP. McAlpin died on July 18, 1985, in Washington, D.C.. Legacy McAlpin was posthumously honored by the White House Correspondents Association at their May 3, 2014 dinner. The WHCA created a scholarship in his memory, and President Barack Obama noted his pioneering journalism. References See also African-American journalists American newspaper reporters", "title": "Harry McAlpin" } ]	[ "at the Washington Hilton" ]
train_45946	when was the last time tottenham beat chelsea at stamford bridge	[ { "docid": "50586094", "text": "The 2016 FA Community Shield (also known as The FA Community Shield supported by McDonald's for sponsorship reasons) was the 94th FA Community Shield, an annual English football match played between the winners of the previous season's Premier League and FA Cup. The match was contested by 2015–16 FA Cup winners Manchester United, and Leicester City, champions of the 2015–16 Premier League. It was held at Wembley Stadium a week before the Premier League season kicked off. Manchester United won the match 2–1 with goals from Jesse Lingard and Zlatan Ibrahimović, either side of a goal from Leicester striker Jamie Vardy. Background Leicester City qualified as champions of the 2015–16 Premier League. They won the title after then-second place Tottenham Hotspur drew 2–2 to Chelsea in Stamford Bridge on 2 May 2016. It was only their second FA Charity/Community Shield, first since 1971, when they defeated Liverpool 1–0. It was also the first time they played as champions/runners–up of either top division league or FA Cup winners, as they played in 1971 as Second Division champions. Manchester United qualified as winners of the 2015–16 FA Cup. They defeated Crystal Palace 2–1 after extra time on 21 May 2016 to win their 12th title (tying the then-record with Arsenal). It was their 30th FA Charity/Community Shield, winning a record 20. The previous match between the two sides was a 1–1 draw at Old Trafford on 1 May 2016. Anthony Martial scored for United in the eighth minute, while Leicester captain Wes Morgan equalised nine minutes later. Manchester United manager José Mourinho returned to the Community Shield for the second straight year, after managing for Chelsea in the 2015 FA Community Shield. Match Summary Jesse Lingard opened the scoring in the 32nd minute when he ran and got past three Leicester players before shooting low with his right foot past the onrushing Leicester goalkeeper Kasper Schmeichel who managed to get something on the shot but could not prevent it going into the net. Jamie Vardy made it 1–1 in the 52nd minute when he intercepted Marouane Fellaini's no-look back-pass before rounding David de Gea and slotting the ball low to the net with his left foot. Zlatan Ibrahimović got the winning goal for Manchester United in the 83rd minute when he got above Leicester captain Wes Morgan and headed in from six yards out into the right corner off the post after a cross from the right by Antonio Valencia. Details See also 2016–17 Premier League 2016–17 FA Cup References FA Community Shield Charity Shield 2016 Charity Shield 2016 Community Shield Community Shield Events at Wembley Stadium Community Shield", "title": "2016 FA Community Shield" } ]	[ { "docid": "19758701", "text": "Walter Hartley Phillips (17 October 1908 – 5 January 1998) was an international motorcycle speedway rider who rode in the first ever World Championship final in 1936. He earned 27 international caps for the England national speedway team. Career summary Phillips began his speedway career alongside Gus Kuhn at Stamford Bridge Pensioners in 1929, winning the Southern League Championship, and stayed there until they closed at the end of the 1932 season, where he also appeared in the final of the Star Riders' Championship . Philips then joined the Wimbledon Dons, staying there until the end of the 1936 season. Phillips represented England from 1930 until 1936. His career was ended on the 1936/37 tour of Australia when he suffered a broken leg at the Sydney Showground. World Final appearances 1936 - London, Wembley Stadium - 13th - 5pts + 7 semi-final points Engineering Phillips was a renowned engineer, his uncle was a development engineer and works rider at JA Prestwich Industries Ltd (JAP), and was instrumental in the development of the JAP engines used in speedway. Stan Greening was developing an engine specifically for speedway but the results were not impressive after testing by Australian riders Billy Lamont and Vic Huxley. Greening and Phillips stripped down Phillips' Rudge bike and used some of the ideas in that engine with the new one of their own. When Phillips rode the bike at a meeting at Stamford Bridge stadium he beat the track record time. The JAP engines remained in use until the mid-1960s. Phillips was also known for what he termed as his fuel injector, a carburettor replacement mainly intended for motorcycles and scooters. References External links Wal Phillips Wal Phillips Fuel injector JAP origins Picture of Wal Phillips fuel injector 1908 births 1998 deaths British speedway riders Stamford Bridge Pensioners riders Wimbledon Dons riders People from Tottenham Sportspeople from the London Borough of Haringey", "title": "Wal Phillips" }, { "docid": "14768726", "text": "The 1999–2000 season was Chelsea F.C.'s 86th competitive season, eighth consecutive season in the FA Premier League and 94th year as a club. Season summary After a very good third-place finish last season, Chelsea qualified for the Champions League third qualifying round, and were expected to go one better and win the title. France captain Didier Deschamps was signed for £3 million from Juventus to add even more quality and experience to a Chelsea midfield that already boasted Dennis Wise, Roberto Di Matteo and Gustavo Poyet. Blackburn Rovers striker Chris Sutton was also signed for £10 million, but he proved to be a flop with only one league goal all season, which came in a 5-0 drubbing of Man Utd at Stamford Bridge. His strike partner, Gianfranco Zola, had a poor league season by his standard, scoring just four goals, but he made up for that by again setting up many more goals for the team. Chelsea opened the season with 4–0 win over newly promoted Sunderland with Gus Poyet scoring a stunning scissors kick goal. Zola, in contrast to his average league form, made Europe sit up and notice as he led Chelsea's Champions league debut appearance in the group stage. Chelsea were drawn against AC Milan, Hertha Berlin and Galatasary with their first game being against AC Milan at Stamford Bridge. Chelsea topped Group H with 11 points after some standout performances, particularly an impressive 5–0 win in Turkey and two creditable draws home and away with AC Milan. Zola scored a spectacular free kick in a 3–1 win over F.C. Barcelona at Stamford Bridge, but Chelsea were eliminated in the second leg at the Nou Camp. On the Premier league front, Gianluca Vialli's side finished a solid fifth place in the final table but were too inconsistent to mount anything like a title challenge. Chelsea won their fourth cup in four seasons with a 1–0 win over Aston Villa at Wembley, after David James dropped the ball from a Chelsea corner allowing Di Matteo to score. Chelsea had the last cup final triumph at the old Wembley stadium before it was rebuilt. Gus Poyet was key during Chelsea's FA cup run, scoring a hat trick against Hull at Boothferry Park in a 6–1 win and netting twice against Newcastle at Wembley. On 26 December 1999, in their 1–2 away win over Southampton, Chelsea became the first team in the Football League history to field a starting eleven without an English player. The squad was made up of: Ed de Goey, Albert Ferrer, Franck Leboeuf, Emerson Thome, Celestine Babayaro, Deschamps, Dan Petrescu, Di Matteo, Poyet, Gabriele Ambrosetti and Tore André Flo. Final league table Results summary Results by round Results FA Premier League UEFA Champions League Third qualifying round First group stage Second group stage Quarter-finals Football League Cup FA Cup First team squad Squad at end of season Left club during season Statistics \|} Statistics taken from. Squad details and shirt numbers from and. Transfers In Didier", "title": "1999–2000 Chelsea F.C. season" }, { "docid": "24915752", "text": "The 1905–06 season was Chelsea Football Club's first competitive season and first year in existence. Newly elected to the Football League, Chelsea competed in the Second Division. Under the guidance of young player-manager Jacky Robertson, Chelsea finished third in the division earning 53 points (under the two points for a win system), missing out on promotion after a late run of bad form. The Pensioners also suffered from bad luck in the FA Cup, a scheduling conflict forcing them to play a mostly amateur reserve side against non-league Crystal Palace, losing 7–1 in the Third Qualifying Round. Formation and pre-season buildup Chelsea Football Club were founded on 10 March 1905 although the club's early existence was hindered with problems. Since there was already a team named Fulham F.C. in the Metropolitan Borough of Fulham, a name for the club had to be decided. After London F.C., Kensington F.C. and Stamford Bridge F.C. were rejected, the name of the adjacent borough, the Metropolitan Borough of Chelsea, was settled on. Blue shirts were adopted for the team by the club's founder and first chairman, Gus Mears, along with white shorts and dark blue socks. Further problems arose when the team were denied entry to the Southern League following objections from Fulham and Tottenham Hotspur, so admission to the Football League was applied for. Their candidacy was endorsed at the Football League annual general meeting on 29 May 1905. Scottish international John Robertson was hired as the club's first player-manager, a half-back who would go on to score Chelsea's first competitive goal in a 1–0 win against Blackpool. After this, the club recruited many established players from other teams, including 22 stone goalkeeper William \"Fatty\" Foulke previously of Sheffield United, and forward Jimmy Windridge who came from Small Heath. Chelsea were one of four new teams to join the Football League, the other three being Hull City, Leeds City and Clapton Orient. Month by month review September Chelsea's first ever league campaign began on 2 September with a trip to Cheshire to face Lancashire Combination champions Stockport County at Edgeley Park. The match was a tight affair against a side with previous experience in the second tier, with County having an Ashton Schofield penalty saved by Chelsea goalkeeper Bill Foulke only for George Dodd to put the ball in from the rebound with half an hour to play to give the hosts two points. For their following match on 9 September, The Pensioners once again travelled up north, this time to Lancashire to play Blackpool at Bloomfield Road, gaining their first two points of the season in another close encounter through a late winner from player-manager Jacky Roberston in the 80th minute, who gained the distinction of being Chelsea's first ever league goalscorer. Furthermore, Foulke kept his first clean sheet of the season, registering the club's first ever in the league. Two days later, Chelsea played their first ever home league match against newly elected Hull City, with the Blues romping to a", "title": "1905–06 Chelsea F.C. season" }, { "docid": "3149796", "text": "Eric George Parsons (9 November 1923 – 7 February 2011) was a footballer who played for West Ham United, Chelsea and Brentford in England. Career An outside forward and crowd favourite whose blistering pace earned him the nickname \"the Rabbit\", Parsons started his career with West Ham United, spotted by the club during a game against West Ham Boys at Upton Park while playing for Worthing Boys. He played his first game for the Irons on 4 January 1947, in a Division Two game against Leicester City, then his second a week later against the same club in the FA Cup. He was an ever-present during the 1947–48 and 1948–49 seasons and made a total of 152 appearances for the club, scoring 35 goals. His last game came against Notts County on 25 November 1950. He served in Montgomery's Eighth Army during the Second World War. Parsons joined Chelsea in November 1950 for a then club record fee of £23,000. A pacy outside forward, Parsons was unfortunate to play in an era of great English outside forward, such as Stanley Matthews and Tom Finney, which limited his international opportunities to two \"England B\" caps. Nevertheless, Parsons formed an important part of Ted Drake's Chelsea side of the early 1950s, as both goalscorer and creator. Despite this, he was occasionally barracked by sections of the Chelsea crowd. He played in every game of Chelsea's Championship-winning side in 1955 and contributed 11 goals, including two in the 3–0 win over Sheffield Wednesday which clinched the title. During the title celebrations and speeches following the win over Wednesday, he finally won over the crowd at Stamford Bridge, who chanted \"We want Rabbit.\" Parsons left Chelsea in November 1956 for Brentford. He sustained a broken leg while at the club, but still managed to take his total to over 400 League appearances before retiring from football after a spell with Dover. When Chelsea won the Premier League title in 2004–05 Parsons was among several surviving members of the 1954–55 title-winning side to be invited to the trophy presentation at Stamford Bridge. He continued to live in his home town of Worthing and played for the town's bowling club. He died on 7 February 2011. Notes References Eric Parsons, westhamstats.info, last accessed 5 February 2007 1923 births 2011 deaths Footballers from Worthing English men's footballers Men's association football wingers Chelsea F.C. players Brentford F.C. players West Ham United F.C. players English Football League players England men's B international footballers Dover F.C. players Southern Football League players British Army personnel of World War II", "title": "Eric Parsons" }, { "docid": "3552498", "text": "Worksop Town Football Club is an English football club based in Worksop, Nottinghamshire. The team play in the . They are nicknamed The Tigers and play their home games at Sandy Lane in Worksop. History Previous clubs The club claims it was originally founded in 1861, which would make it the fourth oldest association football club in the world, however, no contemporary evidence to back up this claim has yet been found. , the earliest record of a game of association football being played in the town comes from December 1875, when the Sheffield Daily Telegraph reported that a Worksop team had won its opening match against Harthill The earliest record of the club using the Town suffix comes from 1882, when Worksop played Eckington on 18 February. The Town club joined the Sheffield & District Football League in 1892 and also played in the Sheffield Association League during the late 1890s after an unsuccessful one-year spell in the Midland League. Worksop re-joined the Midland League in 1900 and became a prominent member of the competition before the First World War. It finished third in the league in 1903 and, in 1908, reached the first round of the FA Cup for the first time, losing 1–9 at Stamford Bridge to Chelsea in front of 18,995 spectators. After the First World War put a halt to football activity in the town, the game returned in 1919 when Worksop Town and Manton Athletic merged to become Worksop and Manton Athletic, although the Worksop Town name remained in popular usage. The club joined the Midland League and in 1921 won the competition for the first time. The 1920s provided the club with its best spell in the FA Cup, reaching the first round in four out of six seasons from 1921. In 1923, it drew Tottenham Hotspur at White Hart Lane – the Tigers pulled off a shock by holding Spurs to goal-less draw. The Worksop board decided against hosting the replay at Central Avenue, and it was beaten 0–9 in the replay two days after the original tie, again at White Hart Lane. In 1926, it reached the second round for the first time after beating Coventry City at Central Avenue in the first round – eventually losing by one goal to three to Chesterfield in the next round. In 1930, the club withdrew from the Midland League and disbanded, with a new Worksop Town club being formed a week later. The new outfit initially played in the Sheffield Association League and Central Combination, before joining the Yorkshire League in 1935. This latest incarnation lasted less than a decade, being wound up during the Second World War. Current club After the end of the Second World War, another new club was formed by the name of Worksop Town Athletic, although the Athletic suffix would soon fall out of use. They initially competed in the Sheffield Association League, but later joining the Midland League. In 1956, it progressed to the third round of", "title": "Worksop Town F.C." }, { "docid": "25700068", "text": "John Priestley (19 August 1900 – January 1980) was a Scottish professional footballer who played for Johnstone, Chelsea, Grimsby Town, St Johnstone and Cowdenbeath. Playing career Born in Johnstone, Priestley started his career with hometown club Johnstone F.C. in Scotland before moving south of the border to join Chelsea in May 1920 at the age of nineteen. Priestley didn't make his debut for the Blues until a year after he joined the club, playing in a 0–0 draw away at Blackburn Rovers on 2 May 1921. He wouldn't make another appearance for Chelsea until Boxing Day 1922 (missing the 1921–22 season completely) turning out for the Pensioners in a 4–0 win at Nottingham Forest. Priestley made a further 22 appearances during the season, scoring his first goal in a 3–0 win against Bolton Wanderers in front of a crowd of 20,000 at Stamford Bridge. The 1923–24 season saw Priestley make 42 appearances for Chelsea, scoring twice in victories against Middlesbrough and Manchester City, though he was unable to help the club stave off relegation to Division Two. In the following season, Priestley would again feature heavily for Chelsea as the side finished 5th in Division Two, missing out on promotion by 10 points. The 1925–26 campaign proved to be more fortuitous for the Scottish half back as he quadrupled his goal tally from the previous year, despite making only six more appearances in all competitions for Chelsea, helping them to a 3rd-place finish in the league come the end of the season. Priestley bettered his scoring record the following season, having his most prolific year for the Blues with 7 goals in 44 appearances. He netted twice from the penalty spot in a 2–1 win over Clapton Orient on New Year's Day 1927 and scored twice again as Chelsea beat Bradford City a month later on 5 February. Though he only made 18 appearances in his last season (1927–28) on the King's Road, Priestley still pitched in with four goals, netting his last double in a 5–2 win against Bristol City at Stamford Bridge. This would be Chelsea's only victory after January 1928 with Priestley in the team as the side finished 3rd in Division Two, missing out on promotion once again. After eight years with the West London club, in 1928 he signed for Grimsby Town, who would go on to be promoted to Division One the following year. He later returned to Scotland, spending a season apiece with St Johnstone and Cowdenbeath. In his late 30s he turned out for Highland League club Keith. References 1900 births 1980 deaths Footballers from Johnstone Chelsea F.C. players Grimsby Town F.C. players Johnstone F.C. players St Johnstone F.C. players Cowdenbeath F.C. players English Football League players Keith F.C. players Highland Football League players Scottish Football League players Scottish men's footballers Date of death missing Men's association football wing halves", "title": "John Priestley (footballer)" }, { "docid": "7421755", "text": "Mark Nicholls (born 30 May 1977) is an English former professional footballer who played as a striker from 1994 until 2012, most notably in the Premier League for Chelsea. He was assistant to Neil Shipperley at North Greenford United before the pair left after the 2011–12 season. He then returned with Shipperley to North Greenford United in October 2012 after Jon-Barrie Bates left by mutual consent. He also played in the Football League for Reading, Grimsby Town, Colchester United and Torquay United, as well as playing in the Scottish Football League for Partick Thistle, Hamilton Academical and Clydebank. Playing career Chelsea Nicholls was born in Hillingdon, London. A forward, he began his career as a trainee with Chelsea, turning professional in August 1995. He made his league debut in the 1996–97 season, after gaining experience on loan with non-league Chertsey Town, but made a real breakthrough into the Chelsea side the following season, appearing in 18 Premier League games in 1997–98. That season he also scored three league goals; one after coming on as a substitute as Chelsea won 6–1 at rivals Tottenham Hotspur in December 1997, and two more, again after coming on as a substitute, against Coventry City the following month. That season Chelsea also won the 1997–98 League Cup and the 1997–98 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup. Nicholls wasn't part of the squad for either final but contributed two appearances to each of the cup runs. At the start of the League Cup run Chelsea needed a penalty shoot-out to beat Blackburn Rovers, and Nicholls scored the winning penalty to send Chelsea through. However, as the number of foreign imports grew at Stamford Bridge, he fell further out of the reckoning and joined Reading on loan in December 1999 with a view to a permanent move. Despite scoring three goals including one on his debut, the move fell through and on 10 February he returned to a peripheral role at Stamford Bridge. He joined Grimsby Town on loan on 24 February 2000, and then Colchester United on loan on 6 October the following season. He had an unsuccessful trial with Motherwell in March 2001 and was released by Chelsea at the end of the season, having scored three times in 36 league games, although 25 of those appearances were as a substitute. Latter career In May 2001 he joined Aberdeen on trial, but nothing came of it and by July he was playing for Aldershot Town, and later had a trial with Swindon Town. He joined Partick Thistle on non-contract terms on 18 August 2001, but played just once in a 1–0 home win over Inverness Caledonian Thistle. He joined Torquay United on non-contract terms on 7 September 2001, making his debut in the 1–0 home defeat against local rivals Plymouth Argyle the following day when he came on as an 81st-minute substitute for Kevin Hill. He played nine times for Roy McFarland's side, scoring once against Darlington, before being released on 25 October, having failed to adapt", "title": "Mark Nicholls (footballer)" }, { "docid": "28372028", "text": "The 2005–06 season was Colchester United's 64th season in their history and their eighth successive season in the third tier of English football, League One. Alongside competing in League One, the club also participated in the FA Cup, the League Cup and the Football League Trophy. The season was hugely successful for the U's as they achieved their first-ever promotion to the second tier of English football by finishing second in League One. They finished runners-up to Essex derby rivals Southend United by three points. Southend were successful in beating Colchester home and away across the season. Colchester had another long set of cup runs, reaching the fifth round of the FA Cup where they were defeated 3–1 by Premier League champions Chelsea at Stamford Bridge. They had beaten Leamington, Shrewsbury Town, Sheffield United and Derby County en route to the tie with Chelsea. They also embarked on a Football League Trophy run, once more reaching the area final but lost 3–1 on aggregate to eventual winners Swansea City. Season overview Colchester started the new season poorly. At the end of August after six games, they found themselves in the relegation zone with one win and two draws. Phil Parkinson had made a number of changes to his playing staff over the summer with numerous outgoings. He had signed Chris Iwelumo from Alemannia Aachen on a permanent basis and brought in Mark Yeates on loan from Tottenham Hotspur. It wasn't until Jamie Cureton arrived on loan from Swindon Town that the U's had an upturn in form as they earned five consecutive wins and went eight matches unbeaten. By Christmas, Colchester were in the top four but their unbeaten run was ended by Swindon on Boxing Day. They recovered from this setback to embark on another winning streak, earning seven wins on the bounce, ten matches including cup ties and sat top of the table by the end of January. Their form fell away in mid February and through March into April when they picked up just one win in 10 games, dropping from the automatic promotion places to the play-off spots. Meanwhile, in the FA Cup, Colchester had progressed to the fifth round to set up a tie with Premier League champions Chelsea at Stamford Bridge. The club equalled a 44-year-old record by beating Leamington 9–1 in the first round, and then saw off the challenge of Shrewsbury Town, and then Championship sides Sheffield United and Derby County. José Mourinho's Chelsea side had been assembled for around £225m, while Colchester United's squad had a value of approximately £150,000. More than 6,000 U's fans travelled to the game and were given an early treat when the underdogs took the lead through a Ricardo Carvalho own goal in the 28th minute. Paulo Ferreira equalised ten minutes later as the sides went into half time with the score level. At half time, Mourinho made two changes, introducing star players Frank Lampard and Joe Cole. He then sent on Hernán Crespo with the", "title": "2005–06 Colchester United F.C. season" }, { "docid": "3361741", "text": "John Harris (30 June 1917 – 24 July 1988) was a Scottish footballer nicknamed \"Gentleman John\". Playing career Harris was the son of former Scottish international centre-forward and Newcastle United player Neil Harris. He played for Swindon Town before moving to Swansea Town in 1934 when the side was managed by his father. In 1939, he played for both Tottenham Hotspur and Wolverhampton Wanderers. Like most players in his era, his Football League appearance tally is much lower than it would have been had the war not broken out but he continued to play for several years afterwards. Between 1939 and 1943, he made 121 guest appearances for Southampton, scoring 15 goals. Harris also played once for Scotland in a wartime international. He joined Chelsea on loan from Wolves during the Second World War and captained the club to victory in the Southern War Cup final at Wembley in April 1945. In September 1945, Harris signed permanently for £5,000. A tough-tackling but skilful centre-half, Harris was a regular in the Chelsea side throughout his career and was club captain until Roy Bentley took over the role. He was a member of Chelsea's 1954–55 First Division-winning side, making 31 appearances that season. In eleven years, he made 364 appearances and scored 14 goals. During his final season at Stamford Bridge – 1955–56, he became the first professional coach for Surrey Senior Leaguer's Croydon Amateurs and after a slow start, probably due to the players not being used to the intensity of the training and methods, laid the foundations for the club to start to become one of the competition's leading clubs. The Chelsea / Croydon connection carried on as he was replaced by Albert Tennant for two seasons before he took over as Guildford City's manager and then Chelsea youth manager Dick Foss replaced him at Albert Road for ten years. Managerial career He left Chelsea in April 1956 to become player-manager of Chester before retiring to concentrate on management. He took over from Joe Mercer as manager of Sheffield United on 20 April 1959 and finished the season third, seven points behind second placed Fulham. His first full season finished in fourth place. Harris was a quiet dignified man and, moulded his players into a highly efficient team without fuss, always shunning the limelight. To him, the team was more important than the manager. This attitude produced a harmonious dressing room and, as a result, effective and attractive performances on the field of play. Finally in 1961, his Sheffield United team won promotion from the Second Division as runners-up to Ipswich Town, mainly due to his purchase of Welsh international winger Len Allchurch for £12,500 from Swansea. Under Harris, United enjoyed numerous runs in the FA Cup (reaching the semi-finals in 1961 for the first time since 1936) and the League Cup. Despite financial problems, he led United to fifth place in the first season back in the top division, and over the next few years relied on a steady", "title": "John Harris (footballer, born 1917)" }, { "docid": "69132436", "text": "The 2022 EFL Cup Final was the final of the 2021–22 EFL Cup. It was played between Chelsea and Liverpool at Wembley Stadium in London, England, on 27 February 2022. The match saw no goals in the initial 90 minutes or the additional 30 minutes of extra time and went to a penalty shoot-out; each of the first 21 kicks in the shoot-out was scored before Chelsea goalkeeper Kepa Arrizabalaga missed his to give Liverpool an 11–10 victory and a record ninth EFL Cup title. It was the first EFL Cup final since 2017 not to feature Manchester City, who had been knocked out in the fourth round by West Ham United. Route to the final Chelsea Chelsea, as a Premier League team involved in the 2021–22 UEFA Champions League, started in the Third Round. Their first match was at home to fellow Premier League side Aston Villa. Timo Werner put Chelsea ahead in the second half, only for Cameron Archer to equalise for Villa. The match went to a penalty shoot-out, which Chelsea won 4–3. In the next round, they were again given a home draw against a Premier League side, this time Southampton. Chelsea again took the lead through Kai Havertz just before half-time, but Ché Adams equalised just after the interval to again take the tie to a penalty shoot-out, which Chelsea again won 4–3. In the quarter-finals, Chelsea received their first away draw, coming up against West London rivals and fellow Premier League side Brentford. The match went goalless until 10 minutes from the end, when Brentford's Pontus Jansson scored an own goal, before Jorginho sealed a 2–0 win for Chelsea with a penalty. In the two-legged semi-final, Chelsea drew yet another Premier League side in London rivals Tottenham Hotspur. In the first leg at Stamford Bridge, Chelsea won 2–0; both goals came in the first half, first from Havertz before Tottenham's Ben Davies scored an own goal. In the return leg at Tottenham Hotspur Stadium, a 1–0 win thanks to a goal from Antonio Rüdiger was enough to put Chelsea through to the final 3–0 on aggregate. Liverpool As another Premier League team involved in the 2021–22 UEFA Champions League, Liverpool also started in the Third Round. Their first game of the competition was away to fellow Premier League club Norwich City, which they won 3–0; Takumi Minamino opened the scoring in the first five minutes, and Divock Origi also scored early in the second half before Minamino scored his second goal with 10 minutes left to play. Liverpool received another away draw in the Fourth Round, where they defeated EFL Championship side Preston North End 2–0, thanks again to goals from Minamino and Origi. Liverpool were 3–1 down at half-time in their Fifth Round match at home to Leicester City, with two goals from Jamie Vardy and one from James Maddison either side of one from Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain; Diogo Jota pulled a goal back midway through the second half, before Minamino scored his fourth", "title": "2022 EFL Cup final" }, { "docid": "69871258", "text": "The 1945 Football League War Cup South Final was the last final of the regional Football League War Cup, an unofficial cup competition held in southern England during the Second World War as a replacement for the suspended FA Cup. The match took place at Wembley Stadium on 7 April 1945 and was won by Chelsea, who beat Millwall 2–0. A month later, Chelsea contested a play-off against the winners of the equivalent North final, Bolton Wanderers. The trophy is now on display in the Chelsea museum at Stamford Bridge. Match summary This was Chelsea's second consecutive appearance in the competition's final; they had lost to Charlton Athletic in the 1944 final and fielded four survivors from that match (captain John Harris, Dickie Foss, George Hardwick and Joe Payne). Millwall fielded Sam Bartram and Sailor Brown, who had been a part of the victorious Charlton team in 1944. Both teams wore their away colours for the match, Chelsea red and Millwall white. The Times' correspondent reported that the crowd \"must have been sadly disappointed at the quality of play\", but Chelsea \"were the sounder in defence... and produced the majority of what good attacking movements there were.\" Millwall held their own in the first half, but a ten minute spell after half-time in which Chelsea scored twice was sufficient to win them the match. The crowd of 90,000 was the highest for a club match during the war. King George VI, Queen Elizabeth, their daughter the future Elizabeth II, King Haakon VII of Norway and Lord Wavell, Viceroy of India, were among those in attendance. After the match, the King presented Chelsea captain Harris with the cup. Match details Notes References 1944–45 in English football Football League War Cup South final Football League War Cup South final Football League War Cup South final War Cup South final 1945 Football League War Cup finals War Cup South final 1945", "title": "1945 Football League War Cup South final" }, { "docid": "58607352", "text": "Stamford Bridge Greyhounds was the greyhound racing operation held at Stamford Bridge in London. Origins During 1933, Stamford Bridge Ltd, a subsidiary of parent company Greyhound Racing Association (GRA), took over the athletics track belonging to the London Athletic Club and forced them to leave because they wished to construct a greyhound track around the football pitch. Opening The first night of racing was held on 31 July 1933 The track circumference as was 434 yards and it was described as a fast, average sized course with short 80-yard straights and banked bends of wide radius. Railers showed a slight advantage and the greyhounds were supplied by the famous GRA Hook Estate and Kennels in Northaw. The hare system was an outside McKee Cable hare. History The Charlie Ashley trained Shove Halfpenny won the 1935 Pall Mall Stakes and Joe Harmon won the 1938 running of the same competition with Roeside Creamery. Events at Stamford Bridge included the Chelsea Cup, won by Creamery Border in 1936, who set a then a new world record of 28.01 seconds for 500 yards. In addition to the Chelsea Cup the tracks premier event would be the Stamford Bridge Produce Stakes, which was inaugurated in 1936. Albert Jonas trained Return Fare II to Berkeley Cup success and the same trainer trained Roving Youth to the 1940 English Greyhound Derby final. In 1944 Stamford Bridge maintained its reputation for being an extremely fast track when Ballyhennessy Seal clocked 27.64 seconds for the 500 yards course, another world and national record. In 1946, the Stamford Bridge totalisator turnover surpassed £5 million, to put this in perspective to football and Chelsea F.C. at the time, the British transfer record at the same time in 1946 was £14,500. Jonas continued to train big race winners winning the Springbok with Kids Delight in 1947. During the fifties Kenneth Obee was Racing Manager before switching to sister track Harringay replaced by F A Branscombe. Assistant Racing Managers at this time included Sidney Wood and Jeff Jeffcoate. The resident trainers in 1965 consisted of Hancox, Ivor Morse, Forster, Sid Mann, Dick Clark and Jim Singleton but the GRA forced former trainer Albert Jonas and Dick Clark to leave the Northaw kennels. With the formation of the Bookmakers Afternoon Greyhound Service (BAGS) in 1967 the National Greyhound Racing Society named Stamford Bridge as one of the tracks to host the service. This meant racing was changed to Thursday afternoons at 2.30pm, with just one evening meeting remaining on Saturday at 6.15pm. Closure On 1 August 1968, the GRA closed Stamford Bridge to greyhound racing, quoting the fact that Stamford Bridge was forced to race on the same days as the White City. Competitions Stamford Bridge Produce Stakes Other Winter Stayers Trophy Chelsea Cup May Stakes Track records Tote Returns +closed during the year References Greyhound racing in the United Kingdom Greyhound racing in London", "title": "Stamford Bridge Greyhounds" }, { "docid": "3908794", "text": "Peter Houseman (24 December 1945 – 20 March 1977) was an English footballer who played as a winger. He was best known for his part in Chelsea's F.A. Cup-winning side of 1970. He later signed for Oxford United. He was killed along with his wife and two friends in a car crash in 1977. Club career Chelsea Born in Battersea, Houseman signed professional terms with Chelsea in 1963, having played for the Chelsea Juniors. He made his debut for the club in the 1963–64 season in a 3–2 win over Sheffield United but made only sporadic appearances in his early years at Chelsea, with manager Tommy Docherty unconvinced by him. A section of the Chelsea crowd were also unconvinced by Houseman's performances, and sometimes singled him out for abuse. He featured in no more than twelve games per season in his first three years with Chelsea and missed out on the club's FA Cup final loss to Tottenham Hotspur in 1967. However, an injury to John Boyle helped Houseman gradually establish himself as a regular in the side on the left wing. He was a skilful dribbler and renowned crosser of a ball, often acting as the team's \"water-carrier\" and providing service for the likes of Ian Hutchinson and Peter Osgood. He did not miss a match during the 1969–70 season. His most significant contribution to Chelsea came in their first ever FA Cup success in 1970, with Houseman scoring a total of 6 goals in that season's competition. His first 2 goals came when Chelsea faced Burnley in the fourth round; after a draw at Stamford Bridge, the side travelled to Burnley's home ground, Turf Moor, for the replay and, with eighteen minutes left, were trailing 1–0. Houseman picked up the ball in his own half and dribbled through the Burnley midfield, riding several challenges. He reached the opposition penalty area and smashed a shot into the top corner to equalise. In extra time, Houseman provided the cross for Tommy Baldwin to put Chelsea ahead, and then completed the comeback by scoring the third. He scored again in the 4–1 away win at Crystal Palace in the fifth round, and then in the semi-final against Watford, with the Second Division side holding Chelsea at 1–1, Houseman again played a key part, crossing for Osgood to give Chelsea a 2–1 lead and then adding two more himself in an eventual 5–1 win, first rifling a low shot after dribbling past four Watford players, then side-footing the ball home after a neat one-two with Ian Hutchinson. Chelsea faced Leeds United in the final, and it was Houseman who scored Chelsea's first equaliser just before half time, his low shot from 25 yards benefiting from the poor pitch to elude Leeds goalkeeper Gary Sprake, though he spent much of the game trying to cover the team's over-stretched defence. The match ended 2–2 and Chelsea won the replay 2–1 at Old Trafford to take the cup for the first time in the club's", "title": "Peter Houseman" }, { "docid": "2561608", "text": "The Premier Reserve League (officially known as The Barclays Premier Reserve League for sponsorship reasons) was the reserve team league for the top English football teams in the Premier League. The league was split into a northern and a southern division. The league started out in 1999, replacing The Central League in the north and The Football Combination in the south as the top level of reserve-team football, although those competitions continued for lower-level teams and from 2004 to 2005, the regional champions would play-off for the title. From the 2006–07 edition until its disbandment, the league was only open to sides whose senior teams were one of the 20 members of the Premier League. As a result, a senior team's relegation from the Premier League would mean relegation for the reserve team from the Premier Reserve League and replacement by the reserve team of the promoted team from the Championship. Tottenham Hotspur decided against entering a side for the 2009–10 Premier Reserve League season and other teams followed suit in the 2 following seasons. The final season was the 2011–12 season. At the end of that season, it was replaced by an Under-21 competition, called the Professional Development League 1. Winners From 2004-05 the League instigated a play-off between the champions of the two sections. In that first season Northern Champions Manchester United Reserves beat Southern Champions Charlton Athletic Reserves 4–2 at The Valley. In the 2005–06 play-off, held at Old Trafford, Manchester United Reserves beat Tottenham Hotspur Reserves 2–0. The 2007 final, held at the Madejski Stadium, Reading beat Bolton 2–0. Liverpool Reserves beat Aston Villa Reserves 3–0 in the 2008 final at Anfield. Aston Villa reached the final again next season and beat Sunderland 3–1 at Villa Park. In the 2009–10 play-off match, held again at Old Trafford, Manchester United beat Aston Villa 3–2 in a penalty shoot-out after the game ended 3–3. In the 2010–11 playoff match, Chelsea defeated Blackburn 5–4 in a penalty shoot-out, after the game ended 1–1 at Stamford Bridge. In the 2011–12 season finale held at Old Trafford, Manchester United Reserves beat Aston Villa Reserves 3–1 on penalties after the game ended 0–0 in normal time. Most successful clubs See also Premier Academy League Premier League The Central League The Football Combination References External links Current league tables;(North) (South) Fixtures and results (North) (South) Bulletins Reserve 1999 establishments in England Reserve football leagues in England Sports leagues established in 1999", "title": "Premier Reserve League" }, { "docid": "5132889", "text": "The 1964–65 season was the 85th season of competitive football in England. Overview After a three-way tussle for the League title between Manchester United, Leeds United and Chelsea, Manchester United came out on top and were crowned champions. Liverpool won the FA Cup, beating Leeds United 2–1 in the final. Chelsea won the League Cup, beating Leicester City 3–2 in the two-legged final. West Ham United won the European Cup Winners' Cup, beating 1860 Munich 2–0 in the final at Wembley Stadium. BBC TV's Match of the Day launched at the start of this season. This was Stanley Matthews's final season as a player. Diary of the season 21 July 1964: John White, 27-year-old Tottenham Hotspur and Scotland forward, is killed on a North London golf course while sheltering under a tree which was struck by lightning. 22 August 1964: The first edition of BBC TV's Match of the Day is broadcast, featuring highlights of Liverpool v Arsenal at Anfield. 15 September 1964: Stan Cullis, one of the longest serving managers in the Football League, is sacked after 16 years in charge of Wolverhampton Wanderers. He had won three league titles and two FA Cups with them, but recent form has been dismal for the Black Country side whose attendances have now fallen below 15,000 and relegation appears to a real threat to the club. 19 September 1964: Reigning champions Liverpool lose heavily at home in the Merseyside Derby to Everton 4-0 putting them 2nd from bottom of the league. 2 November 1964: Wolves, marooned at the foot of the First Division, appoint former Scotland manager Andy Beattie as their caretaker manager. 6 February 1965: Stanley Matthews plays the final competitive game of his 35-year career for Stoke City against Fulham in the First Division, shortly after his 50th birthday. 15 March 1965: Chelsea defeat Leicester City 3–2 at Stamford Bridge in the first leg of the Football League Cup final. 15 April 1965: A goalless draw in the second leg of the Football League Cup final at Filbert Street gives the trophy to Chelsea. 28 April 1965: Despite losing 2–1 at Aston Villa on the final day of the league season, Manchester United are crowned First Division champions for the sixth time in their history (and the first time since 1957) on goal average ahead of a Leeds United side who have yet to win the top division title. 1 May 1965: Liverpool win the FA Cup for the first time in their history, defeating Leeds United 2–1 in the final at Wembley Stadium. 19 May 1965: West Ham United win the European Cup Winners' Cup at Wembley Stadium with a 2–0 win over 1860 Munich of West Germany in the final. Notable debuts 8 September 1964: Pat Dunne, 21-year-old Irish goalkeeper, makes his debut for Manchester United in 3–3 league draw with Everton at Goodison Park. 19 December 1964: Ralph Coates, 18-year-old winger, makes his debut for Burnley in a 3–1 home league win over Sheffield United. Notable", "title": "1964–65 in English football" }, { "docid": "19859929", "text": "The 2009 FA Cup final was the 128th final of the world's oldest domestic football cup competition, the FA Cup. The final was played at Wembley Stadium in London on 30 May 2009 and marked the third time that the final has been staged at the stadium since it was rebuilt. The match was contested by Chelsea, who beat Arsenal 2–1 in their semi-final, and Everton who beat Manchester United 4–2 on penalties after a 0–0 draw after extra time. After Louis Saha opened the scoring after just 25 seconds, which is the second fastest ever goal in an FA Cup Final, Didier Drogba equalised in the 21st minute before Frank Lampard scored the winner with 19 minutes left to play to give Chelsea their fifth FA Cup success. Background Chelsea went into the match as four-time FA Cup winners, having previously won in 1970, 1997, 2000 and 2007, while Everton had won the competition five times previously, having won in 1906, 1933, 1966, 1984 and 1995. Coincidentally, both teams' most recent titles came in the FA Cup, both teams beating Manchester United in the final; Everton in 1995 and Chelsea in 2007. The two teams drew 0–0 in both meetings during the 2008–09 Premier League season, at Goodison Park in December and at Stamford Bridge in April. Prior to the 2009 final, the two teams had never met in the FA Cup Final; their most recent meeting in the FA Cup came in the Fourth Round of the 2005–06 competition, when Chelsea won 4–1 in a replay at Stamford Bridge after a 1–1 draw at Goodison Park. In 157 matches between the two sides in all competitions, Chelsea had recorded 61 wins, Everton had won 49, and 47 matches finished as draws. Route to the final Both clubs received a bye to round three. In square brackets is a letter that represents the opposition's division [PL] = Premier League [C] = Championship [L1] = League One [L2] = League Two Pre-match Ticketing Everton and Chelsea were each allocated 25,109 tickets for the final. Having sold over 32,000 for their semi-final win over Manchester United, Everton were unhappy and disappointed with this allocation. The match was Everton's first FA Cup final in 14 years and Everton chief executive Robert Elstone predicted that the club could have sold in excess of 70,000 tickets for this game. Chelsea also said that the size of their allocation meant that it was unlikely that there would be sufficient tickets for all of their hospitality and non-hospitality season ticket holders. Club Wembley ten-year season ticket holders were also guaranteed a ticket for the match. After those tickets were allocated, 70% of the remaining tickets were distributed amongst the clubs that had competed in the 2008–09 competition, with the other 30% given to those involved in grassroots football and the \"football family\". Kits Since both finalists' first-choice kits are predominantly blue, a coin was tossed to determine which team would have the first choice of kit.", "title": "2009 FA Cup final" }, { "docid": "12511319", "text": "The 2006 FA Community Shield was the 84th staging of the FA Community Shield, an annual football match played between the winners of the Premier League and FA Cup. The match was played between 2005–06 FA Cup winners Liverpool and 2005–06 Premier League champions Chelsea on 13 August 2006 at the Millennium Stadium, Cardiff. Chelsea were appearing in the competition for the sixth time, while Liverpool were making their 21st appearance. It was the final Community Shield to be held at the Millennium Stadium following the reconstruction of Wembley Stadium. Chelsea, the Shield holders, qualified for the match as a result of winning the Premier League, which was their second successive league championship. Liverpool entered the competition after winning the FA Cup final against West Ham United 3–1 on penalties. Watched by a crowd of 56,275, John Arne Riise opened the scoring for Liverpool early in the first half, only for Chelsea's recently signed forward Andriy Shevchenko to equalise shortly before half-time. Both sides had chances to win the match in the second half, but a Peter Crouch goal late in the half ensured Liverpool won the match 2–1, to win the Community Shield for the 15th time. Background Founded in 1908 as a successor to the Sheriff of London Charity Shield, the FA Community Shield began as a contest between the respective champions of the Football League and Southern League, although in 1913, it was played between an Amateurs XI and a Professionals XI. In 1921, it was played by the league champions of the top division and FA Cup winners for the first time. Wembley Stadium acted as the host of the Shield from 1974. Cardiff's Millennium Stadium was hosting the Shield for the sixth and final time; it took over as the venue for the event between 2001 and 2006 while Wembley Stadium was being rebuilt. This was the first Charity/Community Shield to feature neither Arsenal nor Manchester United since 1995, when Premier League champions Blackburn Rovers faced FA Cup winners Everton. Chelsea qualified for the Community Shield by winning the Premier League – their second successive championship. They finished eight points clear of second-placed Manchester United. Chelsea beat Liverpool in both their league meetings during the season. A 4–1 win away at Liverpool's home ground Anfield, was followed by a 2–0 victory in the corresponding fixture at their home ground, Stamford Bridge. The sides met in the semi-finals of the FA Cup, a match Liverpool won 2–1 to progress to the final. A 3–2 victory by Liverpool in a penalty shootout, after the 2006 FA Cup Final finished 3–3 with West Ham United, ensured the club's participation in the match. Chelsea were appearing in the Community Shield for the sixth time and were the holders, after beating Arsenal 2–1 in the 2005 edition. Including this victory they had won the competition three times, in 1955 and 2000. In contrast, Liverpool were appearing in their 21st match in the competition. They had won eight outright (1966, 1976,", "title": "2006 FA Community Shield" }, { "docid": "2092284", "text": "Asier del Horno Cosgaya (born 19 January 1981) is a retired Spanish footballer who primarily played in the left back position. He initially gained prominence during his stint with Athletic Bilbao, where he featured in 126 official matches over a span of five years and netted 17 goals. Following this, he transferred to Chelsea in England and clinched the Premier League title in the 2005–2006 season. Del Horno was slated to participate in the 2006 World Cup with Spain, but a last-minute injury forced him to withdraw. He later returned to Spain to play for Valencia, who loaned him out to various clubs for the rest of his contract duration. His latter career was plagued by a series of physical setbacks, and he accumulated 187 appearances and 15 goals in La Liga. Club career Athletic Bilbao Born in Barakaldo, Biscay, del Horno began his career at Athletic Bilbao in 1999, where his combative tackling and strength in the air saw him rise through the ranks as a left-footed central defender. However, his pace and ability to contribute to the attack led to his being switched to the flank by the time he had arrived in the seniors for both club and country. Del Horno made his first-team debut in the 2000–01 opener at only 19, and finished his first season at the San Mamés Stadium with 14 games to help the Basques finish in 12th position. Chelsea In June 2005, del Horno moved to Chelsea for a fee of £8 million. He won the first and only league championship of his career with the Blues, as part of the squad that conquered the Premier League title. During his spell at Stamford Bridge, del Horno played 34 overall matches and scored once, against Tottenham Hotspur at White Hart Lane in a 2–0 victory on 27 August 2005. The following 22 February, late into the first half of a UEFA Champions League round-of-16 clash at home against FC Barcelona, he received a straight red card for a foul on Lionel Messi, as his team went on to lose the match 1–2 and the tie 2–3. Valencia On 21 July 2006, del Horno returned to Spain to sign for Valencia CF on a six-year contract worth €8 million, seen as a natural replacement for Amedeo Carboni who had retired at 41. Athletic Bilbao had expressed interest, but withdrew from further negotiations, forfeiting any further financial advantage; following surgery on his injured Achilles heel, which kept him off the pitches for most of the season, he made his debut for his new team on 3 March 2007 in a 1–0 home win over RC Celta de Vigo. Del Horno was placed on the transfer list by manager Quique Sánchez Flores, as the latter announced that the defender would not retain his position for 2007–08. In the last day of the transfer window, he agreed to join his former club Athletic on a one-year loan deal, returning to Valencia after an injury-filled campaign. At the", "title": "Asier del Horno" }, { "docid": "8314555", "text": "William James Minter (16 April 1888 – 21 May 1940), was a footballer, trainer, manager and assistant secretary at Tottenham Hotspur. He scored 101 goals for Tottenham, and was for a time the top scorer for the club. He also managed the club for three years, and after he resigned as manager he stayed at the club until his death in 1940. Personal life Minter was born in Woolwich in 1888. In 1908, he married Elizabeth Eliza Whybrow at St. Thomas Church. Playing career Minter started his playing career as an amateur at Norwich City, and then at Woolwich Arsenal in 1905 for three months playing largely in the reserve team. He then joined Reading before moving to Spurs in March 1908. His first goal for the club came on his debut against Millwall. Spurs was elected to the Football League Second Division in 1908. In Spurs' first year in the Football League, Minter scored 16 goals for the club, which finished runner-up in the Second Division that season and was promoted to the First Division. Spurs however struggled in their first year in the top flight, but narrowly avoided relegation when they beat Chelsea in the last game of the season with goals from Minter and a former Chelsea player Percy Humphreys, sending Chelsea down instead. Minter become top-scorer for a few seasons and helped the club retain top flight status for a number of years. He remained as a player for Spurs until 1920, making 334 appearances and scoring 101 goals the club in all competitions. He was the top scorer for the club until the record was broken by Jimmy Dimmock in 1930. Minter joined the military service in May 1915 after the outbreak of the First World War. He served as a sergeant and was awarded the Meritorious Service Medal, but was wounded in October 1917. Not long after his return from the war he was made club captain only to announce his retirement at the end of the 1919–20 season after being replaced in the starting line-up by Jimmy Banks. After retiring as player, he was appointed trainer at Tottenham in June 1920, serving under Peter McWilliam. He was also a trainer for the England team in 1926. Although retired, he continued to be involved in the Spurs team would play a further game for Spurs filling in for Frank Osborne who was taken ill before an away game to Hull. Managerial career Minter took over as manager of Tottenham on 28 February 1927 when Peter McWilliam left to manage Middlesbrough. However, in the 1927–28 season, Minter's first season as manager, Spurs was relegated to the Second Division. Although the season started well with Spurs, a series of bad results saw the club dropping down the table. That Spurs was relegated that season was unfortunate as the club had 38 points, a record number of points for a relegated club at a time when it was only 2 points gained for a win, and the", "title": "Billy Minter" }, { "docid": "22602640", "text": "William Cartwright (24 June 1884 in Burton upon Trent – ?) was a professional footballer who played for Gainsborough Trinity, Chelsea, Tottenham Hotspur, Swansea Town and Gillingham. Football career Cartwright began his career at Gainsborough Trinity. He featured in 59 matches and scored four goals between 1906 and 1907, before joining Chelsea. The full back played 44 matches between 1908 and 1912 for the Stamford Bridge club. In 1913 he signed for Tottenham Hotspur and made his debut against Newcastle United on 15 November 1913 and featured in 19 matches in all competitions for the Lilywhites. After leaving White Hart Lane he played for Swansea Town and finally Gillingham. References 1884 births Footballers from Burton upon Trent English men's footballers English Football League players Gainsborough Trinity F.C. players Chelsea F.C. players Tottenham Hotspur F.C. players Swansea City A.F.C. players Gillingham F.C. players Year of death missing Men's association football fullbacks", "title": "Bill Cartwright (footballer, born 1884)" }, { "docid": "13924570", "text": "William John Kirton (2 December 1896 – 27 September 1970) was a footballer in the early years of professional football in England, who played over 200 games for Aston Villa and is best known for scoring the only goal in the 1920 FA Cup Final. Football career Kirton was born in Newcastle upon Tyne. Kirton was a member of the Temperance Society and played for Pandon Temperance before joining Leeds City in May 1919. After Kirton had played only one game for the club, City went out of business and he was transferred to Aston Villa for £500 in October 1919. He played 261 matches for Aston Villa. In the 1919–20 season Aston Villa enjoyed a successful run in the FA Cup beating QPR (2-1), Manchester United (2-1), Sunderland (1-0), Tottenham Hotspur (1-0) and Chelsea (3-1). Aston Villa played Huddersfield Town in the final at Stamford Bridge. Kirton scored the only goal of the game and Villa won the cup for the sixth time in its history. Kirton won his first and only international cap for England against Northern Ireland on 22 October 1921, scoring England's only goal in a 1–1 draw. Kirton, a talented inside-forward, formed a productive partnership with Clem Stephenson. A teetotaller and non-smoker, he scored 59 goals in 261 appearances before signing for Coventry City in September 1928. However, he failed to score for his new club in 16 games and left to join Kidderminster Harriers. After retiring from professional football, Kirton ran a newsagent's shop in Great Barr, Birmingham. Kirton died in Sutton Coldfield on 27 September 1970. References Billy Kirton's Bio Aston Villa F.C. players Leeds City F.C. players Coventry City F.C. players Kidderminster Harriers F.C. players English men's footballers England men's international footballers 1896 births Footballers from Newcastle upon Tyne 1970 deaths People from Great Barr Men's association football inside forwards", "title": "Billy Kirton" }, { "docid": "20573553", "text": "Huddersfield Town's 1919–20 campaign was one of the most memorable season in Town's entire history. It could even have been their last, after just 12 years. This was mainly because of plans to amalgamate the club with the new Leeds United team. However, Town's fan bought shares in the team, which saw the team survive and then gain promotion to the top-flight, as well as an appearance in the FA Cup Final against Aston Villa. Squad at the start of the season Review After the end of World War I, the league schedule was returned to its normal status with Town still in Division 2. However, people were starting to wonder what the future would hold for the club after the club's first England international Jack Cock was sold to Chelsea. Then it was revealed that the club was to amalgamate with the new Leeds United team, formed following the demise of Leeds City. But, the people of Huddersfield rallied round and bought £30,000 worth of shares, which saw the club survive for the time being. Following the club's rescue, the team's form dramatically improved and Town were fighting for an automatic promotion place. This was primarily achieved thanks to a run of losing only 1 out of their last 25 matches. That got them a finishing position of 2nd place behind Tottenham Hotspur. The season is also noted for the club's first FA Cup Final, reached after beating Brentford, Newcastle United, Plymouth Argyle, Liverpool and Bristol City, before playing Aston Villa in the final at Stamford Bridge, before losing to Billy Kirton's goal in extra time. Squad at the end of the season Results Division Two FA Cup Appearances and goals References 1919-20 English football clubs 1919–20 season", "title": "1919–20 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season" }, { "docid": "22129340", "text": "James William Armstrong (6 September 1901 – 1977) was a professional footballer who played for Spen Black and White, Swalwell-on-Tyne, Chelsea, Tottenham Hotspur, Luton Town and Bristol Rovers. Football career Armstrong joined Chelsea from Spen Black and White in 1922. The forward played 32 games and scored on 10 occasions for the Stamford Bridge club. He joined Tottenham Hotspur in 1927 where he featured in a further 33 games and finding the net five times in all competitions. In 1930 he moved to Luton Town to compete in 10 matches. He finished his career at Bristol Rovers and played in nine matches and netting twice. References 1901 births 1977 deaths Men's association football forwards English men's footballers Spen Black and White F.C. players Chelsea F.C. players Tottenham Hotspur F.C. players Luton Town F.C. players Bristol Rovers F.C. players English Football League players Date of death missing Place of death missing Footballers from County Durham", "title": "Jimmy Armstrong (footballer, born 1901)" }, { "docid": "29340673", "text": "Battle of the Bridge was a battle between Arab Muslims and the Sassanid Empire in 634. Battle of the Bridge may refer to: Battle of Calderón Bridge (1811), Mexican War of Independence Battle of Great Bridge (1775), American War of Independence Battle of Moore's Creek Bridge (1776), American War of Independence Battle of Natural Bridge (1865), American Civil War Battle of the Bridge of Arcole (1796), French Revolutionary Wars Battle of the Bridge of Cornellana (842), between Nepotian of Asturias and Ramiro I Battle of the Milvian Bridge (312), between Roman Emperors Constantine I and Maxentius Battle of Stamford Bridge (1066), part of the Viking invasions of England Battle of Stirling Bridge (1297), First War of Scottish Independence Battle of Strasbourg Bridge (1634), Thirty Years' War Battle of the Bridge (Canisius–Niagara), American college rivalry between Canisius College and Niagara University Battle of the Bridge, a rugby union rivalry between Auckland and North Harbour Rugby Union, New Zealand Battle of the Bridges, 1990 Gulf War Sydney Derby (AFL), also referred to as the Battle of the Bridge Melbourne Victory FC–Western United FC rivalry, also referred to as the Battle of the Bridge Battle of the Bridge, a 2016 English Premier League game between Chelsea and Tottenham Hotspur", "title": "Battle of the Bridge (disambiguation)" }, { "docid": "5012602", "text": "Marvin Hinton (born 2 February 1940) is an English former footballer who made nearly 400 appearances in the Football League playing as a defender for Charlton Athletic and Chelsea. Early life Hinton was born in Norwood, and brought up in South Norwood London SE25 and attended nearby Ashburton School. Career Charlton He began his football career with Charlton Athletic F.C. having overlooked his local club Crystal Palace, making his debut in the Second Division in the 1957–58 season. While a Charlton player he won three caps for the England under-23 team. Hinton made his League debut as a full back but he later made a number of appearances at wing-half and inside-forward before earning a regular first-team place at centre-half in 1961 following an injury to Gordon Jago. Chelsea After scoring twice from 131 appearances in the Football League, Hinton was signed for Chelsea by Tommy Docherty in August 1963 for £30,000. He made his Chelsea debut on 12 October 1963 in a 3–1 win at Ipswich Town. When Hinton moved to Chelsea he reverted to full back. Playing as part of a richly-talented team including the likes of Charlie Cooke, Alan Hudson, Bobby Tambling, John Hollins, Peter Bonetti and Peter Osgood he was part of the successful Chelsea side of the 60s and early 70s, earning his first winners' medal with the League Cup in 1965. After the departure of John Mortimore and Frank Upton, Hinton formed a long lasting partnership with Ron Harris in central defence. An appearance in the 1967 FA Cup Final defeat to Tottenham Hotspur earned him a runners-up medal and further success was to follow with victory in the 1970 FA Cup Final, where Chelsea defeated Leeds United, the reigning League Champions and one of the strongest teams of the era, in a replay at Old Trafford; Hinton came on as a substitute in both games. as the signing of John Dempsey and David Webb increased competition for first team places. Under coach (and later Manager) Dave Sexton, Hinton, Harris and Eddie McCreadie pioneered the zonal marking system of defense in the English First Division, consistently playing together throughout the Sixties. Hinton continued to play for Chelsea until 1976, although further success eluded the club after their 1971 Cup Winner's Cup victory, culminating in relegation to the Second Division a year before Hinton left Stamford Bridge. After his League career he had a spell with Barnet before retirement. In all, he made 344 appearances for Chelsea between 1963 and 1976, scoring 4 goals. International football Though a member of Alf Ramsey's provisional 40-man squad for the 1966 World Cup, he never won a full cap. References 1940 births Living people Barnet F.C. players Charlton Athletic F.C. players Chelsea F.C. players English men's footballers England men's under-23 international footballers Sportspeople from Crawley English Football League players Men's association football defenders", "title": "Marvin Hinton" }, { "docid": "17575455", "text": "The 2008–09 season was Chelsea Football Club's 95th competitive season, 17th consecutive season in the Premier League and 103rd year in existence as a football club. Kits Supplier: Adidas / Sponsor: Samsung Season summary After again finishing second to Manchester United in the Premier League the previous season, Chelsea sacked their manager Avram Grant, replacing him with the Brazilian Luiz Felipe Scolari, who had managed the Portugal national team at UEFA Euro 2008 that lost in the quarter finals to Germany. The first few months of his management went according to plan, as Scolari's narrow 4–1–4–1 formation, using Ashley Cole and new arrival José Bosingwa as wing-backs, initially took the league by storm, leaving Chelsea top ahead of Liverpool after 13 games. By the end of November, however, Scolari's Chelsea began to lose their form due to exhaustion. They suffered a 3–1 defeat away to Roma in the Champions League and were eliminated from the League Cup at Stamford Bridge by Championship side Burnley on penalties. In the league, they had a 0–0 draw at home to Newcastle United, (who were later to be relegated). Chelsea lost a home league game for the first time since 2004 (and 86 matches) when they lost to Liverpool, and a second home league defeat to rivals Arsenal dropped Chelsea to second place. Chelsea qualified for the knock-out stages of the Champions League with a 2–1 victory against Romanian champions CFR Cluj at Stamford Bridge in the final match of the group. During the winter months, they drew against West Ham United, Fulham, Hull City and League One's Southend United in the FA Cup. Chelsea suffered defeats away to Manchester United and Liverpool, which left them in fourth place during February which would mean a Champions League place would not be certain. Long-term injuries to Michael Essien and Joe Cole marked the period while Didier Drogba was not included frequently. Chelsea sacked Scolari, replacing him with Russia national team manager Guus Hiddink for the remainder of the season. Hiddink's regenerative effect was immediate, with four-straight league wins, including a vital 1–0 victory away to Aston Villa in his first game in charge, moving Chelsea into the top three. Eleven wins in the team's last 13 league games, marked by a 4–1 victory over Arsenal away at the Emirates Stadium, finally secured third place in the league, and Champions League football for a seventh consecutive season. Although Chelsea's title challenge was already realistically over when he arrived, Hiddink led Chelsea to their fifth Champions League semi-final, knocking out Juventus and Liverpool, where they were eliminated in controversial circumstances by Barcelona on away goals in the semi-final, mainly due to the performance of second-leg referee Tom Henning Øvrebø. Despite the Champions League exit, the season culminated in a trip to Wembley Stadium, with Chelsea's final game of 2008–09 contested against Everton in the 2009 FA Cup Final. Chelsea won 2–1, winning the FA Cup for the fifth time in their history. Key dates 24.05.08 – Avram", "title": "2008–09 Chelsea F.C. season" }, { "docid": "70490064", "text": "The 2022–23 Women's Super League season (also known as the Barclays Women's Super League for sponsorship reasons) was the 12th season of the Women's Super League (WSL) since it was formed in 2010. It was the fifth season after the rebranding of the four highest levels in English women's football. Ahead of the season the top two tiers unveiled a new visual identity, dropping \"The FA\" from the league names as part of the long term strategy for the leagues to be under new ownership in the future. Due to start on 9 September 2022, the FA postponed all of the weekend's football fixtures following the death of Queen Elizabeth II on 8 September 2022. The first match was instead played the following week on 16 September. Chelsea successfully defended their title by defeating Reading, whose relegation from the division after an eight-year stint was confirmed by the result, 3–0 on the final matchday. It was Chelsea's fourth consecutive and sixth overall WSL title. Manchester United became the first side since 2014 to break into the WSL's top three which had been occupied by Chelsea, Arsenal and Manchester City in various combinations for the previous seven seasons. Rachel Daly was topscorer and equalled the league record of 22 goals first set by Vivianne Miedema in 2018–19. She became the first English player to win the award since Ellen White in 2017–18. Mary Earps won the golden glove and broke the record for clean sheets in a WSL season with 14. On 24 September 2022, a new record WSL attendance was set at 47,367 during a match between Arsenal and Tottenham Hotspur at the Emirates Stadium. Arsenal won 4–0. Teams Twelve teams contested the 2022–23 Women's Super League season. Liverpool were confirmed as the 2021–22 FA Women's Championship champions on 3 April 2022, ensuring that they would return to the WSL for the first time since the 2019–20 season after a two year absence. On 4 May 2022, founding members Birmingham City were relegated meaning the 2022–23 season is the first WSL season without them. Stadium changes Having spent the previous three seasons at The Hive Stadium following promotion to the WSL in 2019, Tottenham Hotspur relocated to Brisbane Road, home of Leyton Orient, ahead of the 2022–23 season. In addition, eight of the ten clubs whose women's team play at secondary stadia moved select matches to the club's primary ground throughout the season. This would have included on opening weekend with Brighton & Hove Albion hosting Aston Villa at Falmer Stadium, Chelsea hosting West Ham United at Stamford Bridge, and Tottenham Hotspur hosting Manchester United at Tottenham Hotspur Stadium. With Reading already playing at the Madejski Stadium, it would have meant four of the six openers taking place at the stadium used by their respective clubs' men's team with Everton and Manchester City the only home sides not to do so. However, the opening weekend was postponed along with all other football fixture in the country following the death of", "title": "2022–23 Women's Super League" }, { "docid": "4961199", "text": "Andrew John Myers (born 3 November 1973) is an English football coach and former professional footballer who was most recently assistant head coach of club Millwall. As a player, he was a defender notably in the Premier League with Chelsea and Bradford City. He also played in the Football League for Colchester United, Brentford and Portsmouth. Myers was capped by England at youth level. Since retirement, Myers has worked as a coach and returned to Chelsea in 2015 as a youth coach. He later had a spell as assistant manager of Eredivise club Vitesse before returning in 2017 to work in various roles at Chelsea. Club career Chelsea A product of the Chelsea Centre of Excellence, Myers made his bow in senior football with three first team appearances late in the 1990–91 First Division season and he was voted the club's Young Player of the Year. Myers signed his first professional contract in July 1991 and despite injury trouble and never featuring regularly, he would play for a further eight seasons as a professional for Chelsea and was a member of the 1996–97 FA Cup and 1997–98 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup-winning teams. After being made available for transfer, Myers departed Stamford Bridge in July 1999 and made 106 appearances and scored two goals for the club. Bradford City On 16 July 1999, Myers joined Premier League club Bradford City on a four-year contract for an £800,000 fee. He missed most of the 1999–00 pre-season with a thigh strain and finally made his debut as a 66th-minute substitute for Wayne Jacobs in a 1–1 draw with Tottenham Hotspur on 12 September 1999. He then became the starting left back, but lost his place in the team to Lee Sharpe in October, due to suspension and illness. Myers returned to the team in November 1999 and featured regularly until mid-January 2000, when he suffered a groin injury. After returning to fitness, he joined First Division strugglers Portsmouth on loan until the end of the season. He made eight appearances and helped Pompey finish clear of the relegation places. Myers began the 2000–01 season as a regular, making four appearances in Bradford's Intertoto Cup campaign and three Premier League appearances, before missing months of the season with successive injuries. He returned to the struggling team in late November 2000 and thereafter managed to remain fit. Myers scored his first goal for the club with a crucial early header versus Everton on 28 April 2001, but two missed penalties deflated the Bantams and the team succumbed to a 2–1 defeat, which sealed the club's relegation to the First Division. In the penultimate game of the season and with Bradford 5–1 down in the West Yorkshire derby to Leeds United, Myers exchanged blows with captain Stuart McCall on the stroke of half time. Both players remained on the pitch and were fined two weeks' wages. Myers finished the 2000–01 season with 24 appearances and one goal. Myers had his best season with Bradford in 2001–02,", "title": "Andy Myers" }, { "docid": "9256070", "text": "The 2007 Football League Cup Final was a football match between Chelsea and Arsenal on 25 February 2007 at the Millennium Stadium, Cardiff. It was the final match of the 2006–07 staging of the Football League Cup, and last to be staged at the Millennium Stadium. Chelsea were making their fifth League Cup final appearance to Arsenal's sixth. Each club needed to get past four rounds to reach the final. Chelsea made comfortable progress; they scored 12 goals while conceding only one to Wycombe Wanderers in the semi-final. Arsenal fielded a relatively young team throughout the competition; their wins against fellow league opponents Liverpool in the fifth-round and Tottenham Hotspur in the semis were acclaimed by the British press. Chelsea entered the match as favourites and were undefeated against Arsenal in all competitions since 2004. Watched by a crowd of 70,073, Arsenal took the lead in the 12th minute when Theo Walcott scored. Chelsea equalised moments later through Didier Drogba, who also scored the match winner six minutes from the end of normal time. Midway through the second half, Chelsea captain John Terry was accidentally kicked in the face after attempting to score with a diving header; he played no further part in the match having sought medical attention. Stoppage time was extended because of the incident, at which point a fracas occurred between the Arsenal and Chelsea players. Kolo Touré and Emmanuel Adebayor were dismissed for their actions, together with Chelsea's Mikel John Obi. Play came to an end in the 102nd minute. Chelsea manager José Mourinho was delighted with his team's win and credited his opponent's performance. He felt the brawl in stoppage time was born out of Arsenal's frustration after going behind in the match; he did not want either team to be punished. Arsenal manager Arsène Wenger apologised for his players' conduct and said he had no regrets over his team selection. Both finalists were fined £100,000 each by The Football Association for their inability to control their players. Emmanuel Eboué was retrospectively banned for three matches as his punch on Wayne Bridge was missed by Howard Webb. Wenger was later found guilty of improper conduct and charged £2,500 for his comments about the linesman. Route to the final The Football League Cup is a football competition open to the 92 teams in the Premier League and the Football League. Chelsea Chelsea entered the competition in the third round, as one of the eight teams from the Premier League involved in European competition during the season. They were drawn against Blackburn Rovers; the match took place at Ewood Park. A goal apiece from Joe Cole and Salomon Kalou ensured a 2–0 victory. Chelsea's opponent in the fourth round were Aston Villa. The match was played at Stamford Bridge on 8 November 2006. Frank Lampard opened the scoring for Chelsea in the 32nd minute; further goals by Andriy Shevchenko, Michael Essien and Didier Drogba in the second half secured a 4–0 win. Newcastle United hosted Chelsea at", "title": "2007 Football League Cup final" }, { "docid": "22342493", "text": "Edward Lawson Birnie (25 August 1878 – 21 December 1935) was an English professional football player and manager. He played for Sunderland Seaburn, Newcastle United, Crystal Palace, Chelsea and Tottenham Hotspur In his managerial career, he took on the reins at Southend United, staying in charge of the seaside club until his retirement in 1934. Playing career Born in Sunderland, Birnie began his career at local club Sunderland Seaburn before joining Newcastle United. The commanding centre half played in 19 matches between 1898 and 1903. Birnie went on to play for Crystal Palace where he featured in 29 matches in all competitions (22 league). In August 1906 he joined Chelsea, making his debut on 8 September 1906 in a 0–0 draw away at Blackpool. Birnie participated in 108 games in all competitions and scored on three occasions for the Stamford Bridge club. After Chelsea decided against renewing his contract, Tottenham Hotspur signed him in 1910, playing in four matches and scoring a single goal at White Hart Lane. Coaching and managerial career After his playing career had ended, Birnie joined German club 1. FC Mülheim as a coach. He then had spells as a trainer at Sunderland and Rochdale. In 1922 he became manager of Southend United and spent 12 seasons in charge of the club, becoming the only manager to preside over a Southend team for more than 500 matches (April 2009). Birnie retired in May 1934, but would be beset with ill-health and died in December 1935 aged 57. Managerial statistics References 1878 births 1935 deaths Footballers from Sunderland Footballers from Essex English men's footballers Men's association football central defenders English Football League players Southern Football League players Newcastle United F.C. players Crystal Palace F.C. players Chelsea F.C. players Tottenham Hotspur F.C. players Southend United F.C. managers English football managers", "title": "Ted Birnie" }, { "docid": "4585315", "text": "Heurelho da Silva Gomes (born 15 February 1981) is a Brazilian former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He played for Premier League clubs Tottenham Hotspur and Watford, having previously made a name for himself at Dutch club PSV Eindhoven. Gomes made 11 appearances for the Brazil national team between 2003 and 2010 and was part of their 23-man 2010 World Cup squad. Club career Cruzeiro Gomes began as a forward, only becoming a goalkeeper at age 19. Gomes started his career in his native country Brazil at Cruzeiro, where he played 59 games between 2001 and 2004. Here, he was scouted by Piet de Visser and in July 2004, he was sold to PSV. PSV Gomes made his debut for the Eindhoven club against Serbian side Red Star Belgrade on 11 August 2004. He conceded two goals in his league debut against RBC Roosendaal, which PSV won 5–2, but secured his first team place and played a major part in PSV's four consecutive titles in the Eredivisie and European achievements. In his first season, PSV reached the semi-finals of the UEFA Champions League, where in their 14 previous attempts, they had not reached the second round. In the following seasons, PSV progressed each time from the group stage. In the Eredivisie, Gomes was known for his reflexes, which saved points for PSV more than once. He was also able to throw the ball deep into the opponent's half. In a match against Feyenoord, Gomes injured himself whilst celebrating a goal scored by his teammate Phillip Cocu. However, he managed to continue and later managed to make an important save, keeping his side in the game, which they went on to draw. Tottenham Hotspur Following the appointment of manager Juande Ramos, Gomes signed for Tottenham Hotspur on 27 June 2008 for a fee was believed to be around £7.8 million. Gomes played his first game in Tottenham colours in a pre-season friendly match on 19 July 2008 against Spanish Segunda División B side Dénia, which Tottenham won 4–2. Gomes eventually obtained a work permit to play in the United Kingdom, despite playing less than the 75% required number of games for Brazil in the last two years. Gomes made his home debut on 10 August 2008, keeping a clean sheet with a 5–0 victory over Roma on Tottenham's last pre-season friendly, before the 2008–09 Premier League began. Tottenham lost their two opening games 2–1 to Middlesbrough and Sunderland respectively, but his presence in goal helped Spurs earn their first point of the season with a draw against rival club Chelsea at Stamford Bridge. His reputation took a hit a week later, however, when he conceded a weak shot from Ashley Young in Spurs' 2–1 home defeat against Aston Villa. These blunders continued as he conceded an own goal in a London derby against Fulham on 15 November 2008, which kept his club mired deep in the relegation zone and also caused Spurs goalkeeping coach Hans Leitert to be sacked", "title": "Heurelho Gomes" }, { "docid": "75892802", "text": "Chelsea FC 2021/22 UEFA Champions League campaign started on the 14th of September 2021. In the prior campaign in 2020/21, Chelsea won the competition, for only the second time in their history. They defeated Manchester City F.C on the 29th May 2021, thanks to a goal from Kai Havertz. The 2021/22 campaign was Chelsea's 17th time in the competition. Group Stage Chelsea began the competition on the 14th of September against FC Zenit Saint Petersburg. Chelsea welcomed the Russian Premier League team to Stamford Bridge. Chelsea opened their defence of the Champions League with a victory as Romelu Lukaku finally pierced Zenit St Petersburg's stubborn resistance at Stamford Bridge. Chelsea won the game 1-0 with a goal from Romelu Lukaku. Chelsea's second game was against Italian side Juventus FC, a Serie A team. Chelsea flew to Turin and on the 29th of September Chelsea played at Juventus Stadium. The superb Federico Chiesa scored 11 seconds after half-time to give Juventus a hard-fought win over Chelsea in Turin. Chelsea's final opponent in the group stage was Malmö FF, and on the 20th October, Chelsea played them at Stamford Bridge. Andreas Christensen opened the scoring in the 9th minute, followed by a penalty kick from Jorginho, who also scored another in the 57th minute and Kai Havertz scored his first Champions League goal since the final last season. After the first three games, Chelsea had earned 6/9 possible available points. Chelsea's next game was against Malmö FF and they travelled to Sweden. On the 2nd of November, the game kicked off at Eleda Stadion. After being frustrated in the first half, the Blues went ahead when Hakim Ziyech converted at the back post following an excellent cross from Callum Hudson-Odoi. Chelsea's penultimate game was against Juventus in London, and on the 23rd of November, the game kicked off at 8.00 pm. Trevoh Chalobah, who was making his first European start for the Blues, scored the opener before Reece James controlled a clearance and volleyed across Wojciech Szczesny to give Chelsea the advantage their dominant performance deserved. After the restart, two goals in quick succession from Reece James and Callum Hudson-Odoi gave Chelsea a 3-0 lead. In stoppage time, Timo Werner sealed Chelsea's victory. The final game of the group stage was against FC Zenit Saint Petersburg. A dramatic equaliser from substitute Magomed Ozdoev four minutes into added time meant holders Chelsea failed to top their group. Round of 16 Chelsea were drawn against Ligue 1 side Lille OSC. The game kicked off on Tuesday 22 February 2022 at Stamford Bridge. 8 minutes in, Kai Havertz scored his second of the campaign putting Chelsea 1-0 up. The second half restarted and Christian Pulisic scored Chelsea's second goal giving them a lead going into the second leg in Lille. Chelsea took control of their Champions League last-16 tie against Lille with a comfortable victory at Stamford Bridge. The second leg was on Wednesday 16 March 2022, in the Stade Pierre-Muroy. Burak Yilmaz pulled Lille", "title": "Chelsea FC UEFA Champions League Campaign" }, { "docid": "61776068", "text": "Jenna Schillaci (born 21 March 1984) is an English former professional footballer. Primarily a defender, she played for and captained Tottenham Hotspur during their rise from the lower divisions to the FA Women's Super League. Club career Schillaci is from the London Borough of Enfield in north London, England. She grew up in a family of Tottenham Hotspur F.C. supporters and played football with her brothers during her childhood. As a 16-year-old she joined Tottenham Hotspur Ladies and immediately went into the first team, playing in the Greater London Women's Football League and FA Women's Cup. After one season, Schillaci left Tottenham Hotspur. She moved to play for Queens Park Rangers and later Langford, then Enfield Town. She returned to Tottenham in summer 2009. As a versatile utility player, Schillaci featured in midfield or at full back for Spurs. After several seasons she successfully deputised as a central defender and remained permanently in the role after that. She was particularly proud to captain Spurs to the 2016–17 FA Women's Premier League Southern Division title, secured by beating West Ham at her beloved White Hart Lane. In 2019 Schillaci was among 11 of Spurs' existing players to be offered a full-time professional contract to remain with the club following their promotion to the FA Women's Super League. Reflecting on the progress made since her humble beginnings at the club, she described the development as: \"amazing, a dream come true\". Schillaci made her top division debut in Spurs' 1–0 defeat by Chelsea, played before 24,564 spectators at Stamford Bridge. After the match she told reporters: \"We're not in this league to make up the numbers\". The 2019–20 FA WSL season was curtailed due to the coronavirus pandemic, and 36-year-old Schillaci announced her playing retirement in June 2020. References External links 1984 births Women's association football defenders Tottenham Hotspur F.C. Women players Women's Super League players English women's footballers FA Women's National League players Footballers from the London Borough of Enfield Living people English people of Italian descent Sportspeople of Italian descent", "title": "Jenna Schillaci" }, { "docid": "17625135", "text": "This page documents Huddersfield Town's 1999–2000 season. Following the sacking of Peter Jackson at the end of the previous season, owner Barry Rubery hired Steve Bruce as his replacement, and Huddersfield finished in 8th place in Division One that season, just 2 points outside the play-offs. This season also saw Town beat Chelsea at Stamford Bridge in the League Cup. Squad at the start of the season Review Rubery and managing director Ian Ayre talked up the side's chances of promotion, pointing to the acquisition of the high-profile Steve Bruce as a clear indication of their ambition. More serious investment brought the likes of Clyde Wijnhard, Chris Lucketti, Giorgos Donis, Scott Sellars, Kenny Irons, Ken Monkou and Dean Gorré to the club. The Terriers tore up the Division for the first few months playing attractive attacking football in the 7–1 annihilation of Crystal Palace (their best league result for 20 years), plus notable wins over rivals Ipswich Town, recently relegated Premier League side Blackburn Rovers, Manchester City and Nottingham Forest. During October and November, Town won 6 games in a row, a best for 17 years. In early October, the side even scored a famous 1–0 victory over Chelsea at Stamford Bridge in the League Cup and were widely considered to be 'the best Town side in 30 years'. They lost to fellow Premier League side Wimbledon in the next round. By Christmas time, Town were top of the table, but the loss of key defenders Steve Jenkins, Chris Lucketti, Ken Monkou and David May (who only made one appearance for Town because of injury) all suffered injuries at the wrong time. At the turn of the year, with the side suffering a blip in form, manager Bruce accepted the BBC's offer to cover previous club Manchester United's involvement in the much-derided FIFA Club World Championship in Brazil. With Town's form suffering, his popularity with the club's supporters plummeted. A run of 2 wins in 13 games didn't help things much either. Also during that run star striker Marcus Stewart was surprisingly sold to fellow 1st Division side Ipswich Town for a record fee of £2.75million. Less than a month later, he scored Ipswich's winning goal in a 2-1 win between the sides at Portman Road. Town signed Sheffield United's striker Martin Smith. Following that dreadful run Town went on a run of 6 games unbeaten, which saw Town on the verge of a play-off place with 4 games left. After losing 3-0 at home to fellow play-off contenders Bolton Wanderers, they beat relegated Port Vale, meaning Town would get a play-off spot by winning their last 2 games at home to Stockport County and away to Fulham at Craven Cottage, but instead they lost them 2-0 and 3-0 respectively. In the end, if they won either of those last 2 games they would have got a play-off place. Squad at the end of the season Results Division One FA Cup League Cup Appearances and goals Huddersfield Town A.F.C. seasons", "title": "1999–2000 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season" }, { "docid": "4193667", "text": "Chelsea Pitch Owners plc is a nonprofit organisation which is part of Chelsea Football Club, tasked with the upkeep of the stadium. It owns both the freehold of the Stamford Bridge stadium and the naming rights of Chelsea Football Club. History Chelsea suffered serious financial troubles during the 1970s and 1980s following a large-scale attempt to renovate Stamford Bridge. The financial crisis and a subsequent change of ownership at the club culminated in the sale of the club's freehold to property developers Marler Estates (and subsequently Cabra Estates). The move almost saw Chelsea lose the stadium. The future of the stadium (and hence the club) was only secured in 1992, when the property developers were bankrupted by a market crash, allowing the then-chairman Ken Bates to do a deal with their bankers and to regain control of the stadium for the football club. Following this, Chelsea Pitch Owners was created, and in 1997 it purchased the Stamford Bridge freehold, the turnstiles, the pitch and the Chelsea FC name with the aid of a non-recourse loan of £10 million from Chelsea Village plc, the parent company of the club. The CPO in turn granted the club a 199-year lease on Stamford Bridge at a peppercorn rent. Organisation and ownership In granting control of the freehold to Chelsea Pitch Owners, the intention was to ensure that Stamford Bridge could never again be sold to property developers. Irrespective of how many shares are owned by an individual, voting rights are limited to 100 per shareholder to prevent any one person or organisation gaining control of the CPO. The CPO also owns the name Chelsea Football Club Ltd, which is licensed back to the club on condition that the first team play their home matches at Stamford Bridge. This means that should Chelsea move to another stadium in the future, they would not be able to use the name Chelsea Football Club without permission from 75% of CPO shareholders. The company is a non-profit organisation and is not listed on any Stock Exchange. Its purpose is to raise the money needed to pay off the loan and then lease the freehold back to the club, on the strictly-defined proviso that the ground may only be used for football purposes. Fans are encouraged to purchase shares in order to secure the club's future. As of 2023, around 23,000 CPO shares have been sold, and approximately £2 million of the debt has been paid off. Former club captain John Terry is the current President of the CPO. Club proposal On 3 October 2011, Chelsea Football Club made a proposal to buy back the freehold land (owned by CPO) on which the football stadium at Stamford Bridge sits, which would pave the way for a move to a new ground. Chelsea Chairman Bruce Buck, said: \"Chelsea should always be grateful to those who invested in CPO. We know only too well how close the club came to losing our home prior to the formation of CPO, but", "title": "Chelsea Pitch Owners" }, { "docid": "63074490", "text": "The 2020–21 season was Chelsea's 107th competitive season, 32nd consecutive season in the top flight of English football, 29th consecutive season in the Premier League, and 115th year in existence as a football club. The season covered the period from 1 July 2020 to 30 June 2021. Prior to the 2020–21 season, Chelsea made numerous high-profile signings in the transfer market, bringing in the likes of Timo Werner, Kai Havertz, Ben Chilwell, Hakim Ziyech, and Thiago Silva in the off-season, as well as Édouard Mendy shortly after the season began. The Blues began this season under the management of former Chelsea player Frank Lampard, in his second season at the club. However, Lampard was sacked in January and replaced by German manager Thomas Tuchel, who guided the club to European glory, as on 29 May, Chelsea defeated fellow English side Manchester City in the Champions League final, their second title in the competition, and their first since 2012. The season was the first since 2012–13 without Willian, who departed to Arsenal. Kits Season overview September Chelsea played their first game of the new Premier League season on 14 September 2020, travelling to Brighton & Hove Albion and earning a 3–1 away victory, courtesy of goals from Jorginho, Kurt Zouma and Reece James. On 20 September, Chelsea welcomed defending champions Liverpool to Stamford Bridge. Andreas Christensen was dismissed in the first half after a naive challenge on Sadio Mané, who then proceeded to score two goals inside four minutes for Liverpool, with goalkeeper Kepa Arrizabalaga making a crucial mistake for Mané's second goal. New signing Timo Werner managed to win a penalty for Chelsea, but Jorginho had his effort saved by Alisson, his first penalty miss in nine attempts, as the match ended in a 2–0 defeat for Chelsea. Three days later, Chelsea faced Barnsley in the EFL Cup, which ended in a 6–0 win for Chelsea, with Kai Havertz scoring a hat-trick for the Blues. Chelsea then travelled to The Hawthorns to play West Bromwich Albion. Chelsea were 3–0 down at half-time, but goals from Mason Mount, Callum Hudson-Odoi, and Tammy Abraham in stoppage-time managed to seal a draw as the match ended 3–3. On 29 September, Chelsea took on London rivals Tottenham Hotspur in the round of 16 in the EFL Cup. Timo Werner scored his first Chelsea goal to put the Blues ahead, but Erik Lamela managed to equalise in the second half. Chelsea would go on to lose 5–4 on penalties, with Mason Mount missing the decisive penalty and Chelsea finding themselves eliminated from the EFL Cup. Reece James' goal against Brighton was nominated for the Premier League Goal of the Month award, but was won by Leicester City's James Maddison. October Chelsea's first match of October was against Crystal Palace at home. After no goals in the first half, Chelsea managed to win 4–0, as Ben Chilwell registered a goal and an assist on his Premier League debut for Chelsea. Two weeks later, on 17 October,", "title": "2020–21 Chelsea F.C. season" }, { "docid": "75896790", "text": "The 2024 EFL Cup final was the final match of the 2023–24 EFL Cup. It was played between Chelsea and Liverpool, in a repeat of the 2022 final, at Wembley Stadium in London, England, on 25 February 2024. Liverpool won the match 1–0 after extra time to secure a record tenth EFL Cup title. Route to the final Chelsea As a Premier League club not involved in any UEFA competitions, Chelsea entered the cup in the second round where they were drawn at home to EFL League Two club AFC Wimbledon. The match was played at Stamford Bridge on 30 August 2023, where Chelsea won 2–1 thanks to goals from Noni Madueke and Enzo Fernández, with the latter scoring his first goal for the club. In the third round, they were drawn at home to fellow Premier League club Brighton & Hove Albion, played at Stamford Bridge on 27 September. The match finished 1–0, with the lone goal coming from striker Nicolas Jackson in the 50th minute. In the fourth round, Chelsea were drawn at home against EFL Championship club Blackburn Rovers, with the match played on 1 November. The match saw Chelsea comfortably defeat Blackburn by a score of 2–0, with goals coming from both Benoît Badiashile and Raheem Sterling. In the quarter-finals, Chelsea were drawn at home for the fourth consecutive time to Premier League club and 2023 finalists Newcastle United, with the match played at Stamford Bridge on 19 December. A an early Newcastle goal from Callum Wilson saw them try to maintain the lead, however a defensive mistake from Kieran Trippier led to a stoppage-time equalizer from Chelsea substitute Mykhailo Mudryk, sending the match to a penalty shoot-out. Chelsea won 4–2 on penalties with a 100% conversion rate, with Cole Palmer, Conor Gallagher, Christopher Nkunku, and Mudryk all scoring for the Blues. Wilson and Bruno Guimarães converted their penalties for Newcastle, with Trippier missing the target and Matt Ritchie having his decisive penalty saved by Đorđe Petrović. In the semi-finals, which were played over two legs, Chelsea were drawn against EFL Championship club Middlesbrough with the first leg played away at Riverside Stadium on 9 January 2024. Middlesbrough shocked the Blues, beating them 1–0 with a goal from Hayden Hackney. The second leg was played at Stamford Bridge on 23 January, with Chelsea winning 6–1 (6–2 on aggregate) in a must-win match, with an own goal from Jonny Howson, goals from Fernández, Axel Disasi, Madueke, and a brace from Palmer securing the victory for Chelsea, despite Middlesbrough's Morgan Rogers earning a consolation goal. Liverpool As a Premier League club involved in the 2023–24 UEFA Europa League, Liverpool entered in the third round where they were drawn at home to EFL Championship club Leicester City. The match was played at Anfield on 27 September 2023, where Liverpool won 3–1 thanks to goals from Cody Gakpo, Dominik Szoboszlai and Diogo Jota. In the fourth round, they were drawn away to fellow Premier League club Bournemouth, played at Dean", "title": "2024 EFL Cup final" }, { "docid": "1334973", "text": "Counter's Creek, ending in Chelsea Creek, the lowest part of which still exists, was a stream that flowed from Kensal Green, by North Kensington and flowed south into the River Thames on the Tideway at Sands End, Fulham. Its remaining open watercourse is the quay of Chelsea Creek. Course Counter's Creek flowed from Kensal Green, by North Kensington at the confluence of two small headwaters that rose just west of Ladbroke Grove and entered the stream close to Latimer Road just south of St Quintin Avenue. The stream flowed south through Kensal Green Cemetery, Little Wormwood Scrubs, North Kensington, past Shepherd's Bush to one side and the Olympia part of Kensington on the other and then past Earl's Court and Old or West Brompton on the other. As a vestige, an overflow verdant ditch exists beside Platform 4 (trains to Olympia) of West Brompton Underground Station. It passes Brompton Cemetery and Chelsea F.C. ground at Stamford Bridge. On the left bank where the creek meets the Thames is the former Lots Road Power Station. The tidal mouth is a watercourse, connecting to the Thames with boat moorings and is shown on modern maps as Chelsea Creek; this part of Fulham is sometimes known by the toponym \"Sands End\". History The upper reaches have been variously known as Billingswell Ditch, Pools Creek and Counters Creek. In the Middle Ages, the creek was known as Billingwell Dyche, derived from 'Billing's spring or stream'. It formed the boundary between the parishes of Kensington and Fulham. By the eighteenth century, the creek had become known as Counter's Creek, which is believed to derive from 'Counter's Bridge' which crossed the creek at the west end of Kensington High Street. This was first recorded in the fourteenth century as 'Countessesbrugge', and may be called after Matilda/Maud, Countess of Oxford, who in early centuries after the Conquest held the manor of Kensington. Stamford Bridge is considered to be a corruption of 'Samfordesbrigge' meaning 'the bridge at the sandy ford' where the Fulham Road crosses the brook. The existing Stamford Bridge was built of brick in 1860–2 and has been partly reconstructed since then. The name is more generally used to refer to the nearby Stamford Bridge Stadium, which is the home of Chelsea Football Club. In 1824–8 the lowest part of the creek was developed into the Kensington Canal. This was taken over by the Bristol Birmingham & Thames Junction Railway in the 1830s and subsequently much was culverted to take the West London Line along its course in 1859–63. This railway route links Clapham Junction to Willesden Junction via Kensington Olympia. Only the lower reach remained in use, supplying coal to Sands End gas works and later to Lots Road Power Station. The stream was visible as a surface river on the west side of Little Wormwood Scrubs on Ordnance Survey maps pre-1930 by which time surface water drains had been introduced, some of which fed the sewer, others which conveyed surface water separately. Its depression", "title": "Counter's Creek" }, { "docid": "7889188", "text": "London derbies are the various local football derbies between the teams in London, England. It specifically refers to individual matches between the teams, but can also be used to describe the general ongoing rivalry between the clubs and fans. The first London Football League derby took place at Clapton Stadium on 11 November 1905, where Chelsea beat Clapton Orient 3–0 in a Second Division match. Chelsea also won the first top-flight London derby with a 2–1 victory over Woolwich Arsenal (now Arsenal), in a First Division game at Stamford Bridge on 9 November 1907. The first FA Cup Final to be contested between two teams from London was the 1967 Final, where Tottenham Hotspur beat Chelsea 2–1. As of the 2021–22 season, there are thirteen clubs in the Premier League and Football League that play in the Greater London area. Arsenal against Tottenham Hotspur and Millwall against West Ham United are ranked as two of the most ferocious London derbies. Clubs in London Defunct English Football League clubs based in London include Thames and Wimbledon. Major London derbies North London derby – between Arsenal and Tottenham Hotspur. A rivalry has existed since Arsenal's move to the Highbury area of North London in 1913, and especially since Arsenal's promotion to the First Division in 1919. It is perhaps the most hotly contested of all London derbies, with the two clubs located just away from each other in neighbouring boroughs. They have played each other about 200 times. North vs West London derby Arsenal F.C.–Chelsea F.C. rivalry – is the oldest top level rivalry between North London Arsenal and West London Chelsea and the most contested London derby. They first met in the First Division in 1907 and have competed more than 200 games together. They have met in all three major domestic competitions and both the Champions League and Europa League. Chelsea F.C.–Tottenham Hotspur F.C. rivalry – is a rivalry dating back to their first meeting in 1909, between West London Chelsea and North London Tottenham Hotspur. They've played each other just over 160 times. Millwall F.C.–West Ham United F.C. rivalry – is a South London vs East London derby between Millwall and West Ham United, also known as the Dockers derby due to the clubs' historical ties to the shipbuilding industry along the Thames. The fixture grew out of a rivalry between competing London dockers and remains fierce (matches have often been marred by violence and hooliganism) despite only being contested infrequently, due to the clubs most years being in separate divisions for much of their histories. The rivals have played each other 99 times, mostly before World War II. It is perhaps the bitterest of the London rivalries and there have been a number of films portraying it, most notably Green Street. East London derby – any between Leyton Orient, West Ham United and Dagenham & Redbridge, a fixture which, for the same reasons as the Dockers derby, rarely takes place. West Ham and Leyton Orient last met competitively", "title": "London derbies" }, { "docid": "12439209", "text": "The 2008 Football League Cup Final was a football match played on 24 February 2008. It was the first League Cup Final to be played at the new Wembley Stadium, and the first to be played in England since the old Wembley was demolished in 2000. The defending champions were Chelsea, who beat Arsenal in the 2007 Final at Cardiff's Millennium Stadium. The final was contested by Tottenham Hotspur, who beat Arsenal 6–2 on aggregate in the semi-final, and Chelsea, who beat Everton 3–1 on aggregate. Tottenham Hotspur defeated Chelsea 2–1, after extra time, winning their first trophy in nine years. Tottenham has not won a major trophy ever since. Chelsea took the lead in the 39th minute through a Didier Drogba free kick. This goal made Drogba the first player to score in three League Cup Finals, having also done so in 2005 and 2007. A Wayne Bridge handball gave Tottenham a 68th-minute penalty, and Bulgarian Dimitar Berbatov converted from the spot. Three minutes into extra time, Jonathan Woodgate headed a Jermaine Jenas free kick onto Petr Čech, who in turn pushed it straight back onto Woodgate's head to score the winning goal. The win was an important one for Tottenham as they secured UEFA Cup qualification for the following season, something they would not have achieved in the Premier League, as they finished 11th. For Chelsea, it was the second of four competitions in which they would finish as runners-up that season, after they lost to Manchester United in the Community Shield and ended up finishing as runners-up to the same team in the Premier League and the UEFA Champions League. Road to Wembley As Premier League teams involved in UEFA competitions, both Chelsea and Tottenham entered the League Cup in the third round. Tottenham received a home draw against Middlesbrough, while Chelsea were drawn away to Hull City. Chelsea won their tie 4–0; Scott Sinclair opened the scoring with his first goal for the club in the first half, while a brace from Salomon Kalou either side of another from Steve Sidwell completed the win. Meanwhile, second-half goals from Gareth Bale and Tom Huddlestone sent Tottenham through to the next round. Both teams were drawn at home in the fourth round; Chelsea would face Leicester City, while Tottenham would take on Blackpool. Chelsea had to come from behind twice to beat Leicester; Frank Lampard had given them a 2–1 half-time lead after Gareth McAuley's early goal for Leicester, but DJ Campbell and Carl Cort put the visitors in front with two goals in the space of five second-half minutes. Andriy Shevchenko equalised for Chelsea in the 87th minute, before Lampard completed his hat-trick – and the Chelsea victory – in the final minute of the match. For Tottenham, Robbie Keane opened the scoring in the first half against Blackpool; Pascal Chimbonda doubled the lead in the second half, and the away side were unable to find a response. Chelsea were drawn at home again for the quarter-finals,", "title": "2008 Football League Cup final" }, { "docid": "45206823", "text": "The 2014–15 FA Cup fourth round match between Chelsea and Bradford City was played on 24 January 2015 at Stamford Bridge in West London. The match is considered not only one of the biggest FA Cup upsets in history, but also one of the most dramatic comebacks in the history of the competition, with Bradford City winning 4–2 away, despite being 2–0 down after 38 minutes. In December 2019 readers of Bradford-based newspaper Telegraph & Argus voted it Bradford City's best match of the 2010s. Chelsea were leading 2–0 after 38 minutes with goals from Gary Cahill and Ramires before Jon Stead scored in the 41st minute to make it 2–1 at half-time. However, Bradford City staged a second half comeback as Filipe Morais, Andy Halliday, and Mark Yeates each scored a goal (including one in stoppage time) to help Bradford City win the game 2–4, thus allowing the Bantams to reach the fifth round of the FA Cup for the first time in 18 years. It also ended Chelsea's hopes of winning a quadruple that season. The match became Chelsea's first home loss that season, and the first time they had conceded three goals at home to a lower division side in the FA Cup since their 1991 third round match against Oxford United. At the time, Chelsea were at the top of the table in the Premier League and Bradford City were 6th in League One, meaning there were 49 places between the two clubs. Bradford City entered the competition in the first round and went through to the fourth round after winning a replay against Millwall 4–0 at home. The 2014–15 FA Cup Fourth round is known as one of the most eventful in recent times. Only one of the then \"big six\" teams in England won at the first attempt which was Arsenal who beat then-Championship side Brighton & Hove Albion away 3–2. Arsenal went on to win the competition. On that same day, then-defending Premier League champions Manchester City also lost their fourth-round match at home by a margin of 2 against then-Championship side, Middlesbrough. Leicester City who were struggling with poor form going into the match, beat Tottenham at White Hart Lane. Meanwhile, Manchester United and Liverpool had been held to 0–0 draws with then-League Two clubs Cambridge United and Championship Bolton Wanderers respectively, forcing replays (which they won 3–0 and 2–1 respectively). Background At the time, Chelsea were comfortably sitting at the top of the Premier League table, 5 points ahead of eventual runners-up Manchester City. They had also finished at the top of their UEFA Champions League group and were in the semi-finals of the Football League Cup. Conversely, Bradford City were in their second-consecutive season in League One, after winning the 2013 Football League Two play-off final against Northampton Town. Bradford City's Portuguese winger, Filipe Morais joined Chelsea's academy in 2003 when he was 16. While José Mourinho was in his first stint as Chelsea manager, he promoted Morais to the", "title": "Chelsea F.C. 2–4 Bradford City A.F.C." }, { "docid": "8647169", "text": "The London War Cup was an English football competition held during the Second World War. It was established to be a wartime replacement for the FA Cup, which had been suspended for the duration of the conflict. Although called the London War Cup, teams from across the south of England took part. The tournament only ran for two seasons and was abandoned in 1942 when it was merged into the newly-regionalised Football League War Cup as the Football League South Cup. The London War Cup trophy was retained as the trophy for the Football League South Cup. The trophy is still in the possession of the South Cup's last winners, Chelsea. Overview In 1941, the 12 participating clubs were Aldershot, Arsenal, Brentford, Chelsea, Clapton Orient, Crystal Palace, Fulham, Millwall, Queens Park Rangers, Reading, Tottenham Hotspur and West Ham United. Charlton Athletic declined to enter. The applications of Portsmouth, Southend United and Luton Town were denied due to insufficient places. In 1942, the competition increased to 16 teams and Brighton & Hove Albion, Portsmouth, Watford and Charlton were included. The opening round was a group stage played in a round robin format. Clubs would play every club in their group in home and away fixtures. In 1941, the group stage comprised two groups of six; the group winners and runners-up advanced to the semi-finals. In 1942, the format was changed to four groups of four, with the group winners advancing to the semi-finals. The semi-finals were single matches played at neutral venues in London. The 1941 final was staged at Stamford Bridge, Chelsea's home ground, with Reading beating Brentford by 3 goals to 2. The 1942 final was held at Wembley Stadium on 30 May, with Brentford prevailing by 2 goals to nil over Portsmouth. On 6 June 1942, Brentford faced Wolverhampton Wanderers, winners of the Football League (war) Cup, in a cup winners play-off held at Stamford Bridge. The match ended 1–1 and was not replayed, so the clubs shared the honour. Finals Notes Defunct football cup competitions in England Wartime association football Football competitions in London Recurring sporting events established in 1940 1942 disestablishments in the United Kingdom 1940–41 in English football 1941–42 in English football", "title": "London War Cup" }, { "docid": "32497448", "text": "Seth Lewis Plum (15 July 1899 – 29 November 1969) was an English international footballer who played as a wing half. Club career Born in Edmonton, Plum played professionally for Charlton Athletic, Chelsea and Southend United. Chelsea The 1925–26 season was to be Plum's final season for Chelsea, ending in him featuring on nine occasions, all of which came in March and April 1926. Despite his position as a wing half, Plum left Stamford Bridge having scored no goals in 27 appearances for the club. Southend United On 1 July 1927, Plum joined Southend United, who were then playing in the Third Division (South). He started all of his 10 games for the Seasiders before retiring through injury at the age of 28. International career Plum received his only cap for England at age 23 while playing for Charlton Athletic, starting and playing the full 90 minutes in a 4–1 win over France on 10 May 1923. Later life In the early 1960s, Plum worked as a petrol pump attendant at a garage in Tottenham. References 1899 births 1969 deaths English men's footballers England men's international footballers Charlton Athletic F.C. players Chelsea F.C. players Southend United F.C. players English Football League players Men's association football wing halves Footballers from the London Borough of Enfield People from Edmonton, London", "title": "Seth Plum" }, { "docid": "60048447", "text": "The 2019–20 FA WSL season (also known as the Barclays FA Women's Super League for sponsorship reasons) was the ninth edition of the FA Women's Super League (WSL) since it was formed in 2010. It was the second season after the rebranding of the four highest levels in English women's football and the twelve teams contesting the season was the greatest number in the league's history to date, following a steady increase from the original eight. It is the first under the new Barclays title sponsorship following a landmark multi-million pound investment. On 13 March 2020, in line with the FA's response to the coronavirus pandemic, it was announced the season was initially suspended until at least 3 April 2020. After further postponements, the season was ultimately ended prematurely on 25 May 2020 with immediate effect. On 5 June 2020, Chelsea were named as champions, moving them up one place ahead of Manchester City on sporting merit after The FA Board's decision to award places on a points-per-game basis. Manchester City were awarded the second Champions League place and Liverpool were relegated using the same method. Teams After the WSL's restructure going into the 2018–19 season, membership of the league returned solely to performance in the previous season, though the league expanded from eleven teams to twelve as Manchester United and Tottenham Hotspur were both promoted after finishing first and second respectively in the Championship during the 2018–19 season, while only Yeovil Town were relegated. Stadium changes In response to the record viewing figures during the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup, three select fixtures were initially moved to Premier League grounds: The Manchester derby at the City of Manchester Stadium, Chelsea v Tottenham at Stamford Bridge and the North London derby at Tottenham Hotspur Stadium. In total, eight of the twelve teams have moved FA WSL fixtures to the larger grounds of their men's affiliate teams: Bristol City later announced their opening game would be played at Ashton Gate, Reading moved one of their league fixtures (as well as all three League Cup games) to the Madjeski Stadium and West Ham announced they would host Spurs at the London Stadium. Brighton & Hove Albion moved their match against Birmingham to the Falmer Stadium to coincide with the FA's Women's Football Weekend, held during a men's international break. Liverpool later moved their Merseyside derby, held on the same weekend, to Anfield and Everton scheduled the reverse fixture in February at Goodison Park (the match was ultimately left unplayed when the season was suspended and then cancelled). After originally planning to permanently relocate to their new Walton Hall Park stadium in October 2019 following their opening two home games, delays meant Everton had to postpone the move until February 2020 and eventually scheduled six of their 11 home league games at Haig Avenue in Southport. Personnel and kits Managerial changes League table Results Season statistics Top scorers Clean sheets Records The match between Arsenal and Bristol City on 1 December 2019 ended", "title": "2019–20 FA WSL" }, { "docid": "4720706", "text": "Joseph Brian Mears (25 April 1931 – 28 July 2009) was the chairman of Chelsea Football Club. He was the son of Joe Mears, also a chairman of Chelsea, and grandson of Joseph Mears, co-founder of the club. He was born in Richmond, Surrey, and educated at Malvern College. In 1950 he emigrated to Canada and began working life in a seed factory. He returned to the United Kingdom shortly afterwards and did his national service as a radio operator in the Royal Air Force. Brian Mears took over as chairman following the death of Len Withey in 1969 and presided over the club's successful period in the early 1970s, when the FA Cup and Cup Winners' Cup were won in consecutive seasons. He remained in the position until 1981, when a boardroom coup d'etat led by Viscount Chelsea saw him removed with the club in a dire position both on and off the pitch, mainly a result of the disastrous attempt to redevelop Stamford Bridge during the 1970s. He sold the club to Ken Bates a year later for a nominal sum of £1. Mears came under fire when his shares in the Stamford Bridge freehold were later sold to property developers Marler Estates; he insisted that it was his wife who controlled the shares. After leaving Chelsea, Mears relocated to the United States, where he was involved with several North American soccer teams and ran a car dealership in Long Beach, California. He wrote several books on Chelsea. Despite befriending Chelsea director Matthew Harding and chairman Bruce Buck in later years, he never set foot in Stamford Bridge again. Mears married June Ware in 1955 and they had two children: a son, Christopher; and a daughter, Suzanne. Through Suzanne, Mears was the father-in-law to former footballer Steve Wicks and grandfather to Wicks' son Matt. Mears died of heart failure on 28 July 2009. Notes References External links Brian Mears – Daily Telegraph obituary Brian Mears: Chelsea Football Club chairman – The Times obituary, 10 August 2009. Chelsea F.C. chairmen and investors English football chairmen and investors People educated at Malvern College British emigrants to Canada 1931 births 2009 deaths 20th-century English businesspeople", "title": "Brian Mears" }, { "docid": "2007778", "text": "The 2005–06 FA Premier League (known as the FA Barclays Premiership for sponsorship reasons) was the 14th season of the Premier League. It began on 13 August 2005, and concluded on 7 May 2006. The season saw Chelsea retain their title after defeating Manchester United 3–0 at Stamford Bridge towards the end of April. On the same day, West Bromwich Albion and Birmingham City were relegated, joining Sunderland in the Championship for the following season. Chelsea drew the record they set the previous season, with 29 wins in home and away campaigns. Season summary Several clubs reported disappointing attendances and/or trouble selling out their grounds for the opening weeks' matches. Many have argued that this was due mainly to the comparatively early season start and the Ashes Test cricket series which caught the nation's imagination and which England went on to win. Other possible reasons are continued escalation of ticket prices and the increasing number of games shown on television (which has had the knock on effect of greater variation in kick-off times). The overall decline in attendances for the season was only around 2%, but that figure is reduced by the fact that bigger clubs were promoted into the Premiership than were relegated and several clubs have suffered larger falls. For the second time in two seasons, José Mourinho's Chelsea triumphed in the Premier League, with a home win over closest rivals Manchester United confirming them as champions after a record setting albeit tense season. Chelsea's early season form with 14 wins out of 16 gave the champions an unequivocal head start. With Manchester United, Arsenal and Liverpool falling way short of their expectations before Christmas, Chelsea had effectively become champions-elect by early 2006. However, a sudden collapse in form by mid-March caused their seemingly unassailable lead of 16 points to be cut to just 7 in two months due to the impressive late run of form of Manchester United, who went on a nine-match winning streak scoring over 20 goals. However, a shock home draw with bottom of the table Sunderland at Old Trafford killed United's title hopes. The momentum was back with Chelsea who didn't need a second bite at the apple with wins over Bolton, Everton and finally Manchester United giving the west Londoners their second successive championship under Mourinho. The top two clubs at the end of the season earned the right to participate in the UEFA Champions League group stages, while the third- and fourth-placed clubs get places in the Champions League Third Qualifying Round (where they progress to the Champions League group stages if they win or the UEFA Cup if they lose). However, if an English team wins the Champions League, but finishes outside the top four, then they get the final Champions League spot instead of the fourth-placed club, who have to settle for a place in the UEFA Cup. This could have been the case with Arsenal and Tottenham Hotspur, but Arsenal pipped Spurs to fourth place in the final", "title": "2005–06 FA Premier League" }, { "docid": "70896459", "text": "This article documents the history of Chelsea Football Club, an English association football team based in Fulham, West London. For a general overview of the club, see Chelsea F.C. In 1904, Gus Mears acquired the Stamford Bridge athletics stadium in Fulham with the aim of turning it into a football ground. An offer to lease it to nearby Fulham F.C. was turned down, so Mears opted to found his own club to use the stadium. As there was already a team named Fulham in the borough, the name of the adjacent borough of Chelsea was chosen for the new club; names like Kensington FC, Stamford Bridge FC and London FC were also considered. Chelsea F.C. was founded on 10 March 1905 at The Rising Sun pub (now The Butcher's Hook), opposite the present-day main entrance to the ground on Fulham Road, and were elected to the Football League shortly afterwards. Chelsea won promotion to the First Division in their second season, and yo-yoed between the First and Second Divisions in their early years. They reached the 1915 FA Cup Final, where they lost to Sheffield United at Old Trafford, and finished third in the First Division in 1920, the club's best league campaign to that point. Chelsea had a reputation for signing star players and attracted large crowds. The club had the highest average attendance in English football in ten separate seasons including 1907–08, 1909–10, 1911–12, 1912–13, 1913–14 and 1919–20. They were FA Cup semi-finalists in 1920 and 1932 and remained in the First Division throughout the 1930s, but success eluded the club in the inter-war years. Pre-1905 In 1896, Henry Augustus \"Gus\" Mears, football enthusiast and businessman, along with his brother, Joseph Mears, purchased the Stamford Bridge Athletics Ground in Fulham, West London, with the intention of staging first-class football matches there. They had to wait until 1904 to buy the freehold, when the previous owner died. They failed to persuade Fulham Football Club to adopt the ground as their home after a dispute over the rent, so Mears considered selling to the Great Western Railway Company, who wanted to use the land as a coal-dumping yard. Mears' colleague Fred Parker was trying unsuccessfully to dissuade him. Parker later recounted what happened next: Thus on a whim, Mears changed his mind and decided to take Parker's advice to instead found his own football club to occupy Stamford Bridge. Early years (1905–15) Chelsea Football Club were founded on 10 March 1905. at The Rising Sun pub, (now The Butcher's Hook) opposite today's main entrance to the ground on the Fulham Road. Since there was already a team named Fulham in the borough, the name of the adjacent borough, the Metropolitan Borough of Chelsea, was settled on after London FC, Kensington FC and Stamford Bridge FC had been rejected. Blue shirts were adopted by Mears, after the racing colors of Lord Chelsea, along with white shorts and dark blue socks. Chelsea initially considering joining the Southern League, but were rejected following", "title": "History of Chelsea F.C. (1905–1952)" }, { "docid": "31609803", "text": "Carlisle United F.C. is an English football club based in Carlisle, Cumbria. It was formed in 1904. They have played at Brunton Park since 1909 Carlisle United is born The club was formed on 17 May 1000 at Shaddongate United's Annual General Meeting when the club's members voted to change the club's name to Carlisle United. The newly formed club initially played at Milhome Bank and later at Devonshire Park, finally settling at their current home Brunton Park situated on Warwick Road. There is a myth that still persists to this day that the club was formed from the amalgamation of Shaddongate United and Carlisle Red Rose, but this was disproven as it was seen that Carlisle United actually defeated Carlisle Red Rose 3–0 in the 1905–06 FA Cup. Early years Carlisle was elected to the Football League Third Division North in 1928 replacing Durham City. They won their first game in the league, the side of Prout, Coulthard, Cook, Harrison, Ross, Pigg, Agar, Hutchison, McConnell, Ward and Watson beating Accrington Stanley 3–2. In 1949, the club had the distinction of being the first club to appoint Bill Shankly as their manager. Shankly later went on to manage Workington and then Grimsby Town before being appointed manager of Liverpool in 1959; over the next 15 years he would guide the club to numerous trophy successes and became one of the most iconic figures in Liverpool's history. Ivor Broadis was appointed player manager after the end of the Second World War making him the youngest league club manager in history. Broadis then had the distinction of becoming the first manager to transfer himself when he moved to Sunderland. Broadis returned as an 18 times capped ex England international in mid-1950s to add to his playing career at Brunton Park. Carlisle were members of the Third Division North until 1958, and Fourth Division until they won their first promotion. Golden era Carlisle were promoted from the fourth division in 1962. They then won consecutive promotions in 1964 and 1965, and established themselves as a Second Division side. They were promoted to the First Division for the 1974–75 season. Carlisle won their first three fixtures of the top division campaign to top the English football pyramid, with the likes of Chris Balderstone (it was Balderstone's penalty that put Carlisle top) and Bobby Parker who both made at least 375 league appearances for Carlisle. However the success was short-lived, and they finished the season in bottom place and were relegated. Highlight victories include doing a double over Everton, and home victories over eventual champions Derby, and former titlists Chelsea, Ipswich, Arsenal, Burnley, Tottenham and Wolves. Carlisle also beat former champions Chelsea in the opening game of the season at Stamford Bridge. Chelsea's new East Stand was opened for the first time and the game featured on Match of the Day. Late 20th century Another relegation followed in 1977 before returning to the Second Division in 1982 under Bob Stokoe. With players like Malcolm Poskett", "title": "History of Carlisle United F.C." }, { "docid": "2921223", "text": "Robert Victor Tambling (born 18 September 1941) is an English former professional footballer, who played as a forward, most notably for Chelsea, Crystal Palace and England. He was Chelsea's all-time top scorer for 47 years, with 202 goals in all competitions until Frank Lampard surpassed this total on 11 May 2013. Tambling remains Chelsea's all-time top scorer in league competition with 164 goals. After enjoying a successful career in the Football League during the 1960s and early 1970s, Tambling moved to Ireland. He subsequently played for several clubs in the League of Ireland and also represented the League of Ireland XI. After retiring as a player he continued to live in Ireland, residing in Crosshaven, County Cork. Playing career Chelsea A talented schoolboy footballer who played for England schoolboys, his signature as a professional player was sought out by several teams including Reading, Wolverhampton Wanderers and the club he supported as a boy, Blackpool. Having met scout Jimmy Thompson and manager Ted Drake Tambling joined Chelsea as a fifteen-year-old in 1957. He made his debut, aged seventeen in 1959 scoring in a 3–2 win against West Ham United. Two years later, following the transfer of Jimmy Greaves to AC Milan, he became Chelsea's main striker and was their leading goal scorer for five seasons in the 1960s. Forming a partnership with Barry Bridges, Tambling was made club captain in 1962 by manager Tommy Docherty after Chelsea's relegation to the Second Division. With Docherty adding new players Terry Venables and Peter Bonetti Chelsea made an immediate return to the top flight with Tambling as their top scorer as he was in their first season back in the top division. In 1965 he was a member of the team which won the 1965 Football League Cup Final. Played over two legs, Tambling scored the first goal in the first leg, a 3–2 defeat of Leicester City. Tambling was also a member of the Chelsea side which lost the 1967 FA Cup Final. Although he scored for Chelsea his 85th-minute goal was little more than a consolation as Tottenham Hotspur, with former Chelsea players Greaves and Venables, won 2–1. Tambling holds the record for the highest number of goals scored for Chelsea in a league game. He scored five goals in a 6–2 away win at Aston Villa on 17 September 1966 before being substituted by Allan Harris. His record 202 goals for Chelsea came in only 370 games. By the end of the decade Tambling had lost his place in the starting line-up to younger strikers like Peter Osgood and Ian Hutchinson. He played only seven games for Chelsea in the 1969–70 season and was not selected for the 1970 FA Cup Final between Chelsea and Leeds United. At the end of the season he transferred to Crystal Palace. In 2004, Tambling had a suite named after him at Stamford Bridge, in honour of his status at Chelsea. He was named in the club's greatest ever XI, selected to mark the club's", "title": "Bobby Tambling" } ]	[ "2 May 2016" ]
train_21994	who led the union forces to victory at the battle of shiloh	[ { "docid": "11364043", "text": "The 12th Iowa Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. History The 12th Iowa Volunteer Infantry was organized at Dubuque in October and November 1861, and was mustered in at intervals during those two months. It left Iowa late in November 1861, and went into quarters at Benton Barracks, St. Louis, for two months. Like its predecessors at the Barracks, the 12th suffered greatly there from diseases. Seventy-five members of the regiment died of measles, pneumonia or typhoid contracted there. At Smithland, Kentucky, it joined General Ulysses Grant for the movement upon Fort Henry, was present at the capture of the Fort. It then moved to Fort Donelson, where it took part in the fight and assault which resulted in victory. It won glory for itself at the Battle of Shiloh on the battle's bloody first day (April 6, 1862). It did so by fighting in the advance until sundown, and by holding back the enemy while other regiments withdrew to a new point and waited the arrival of Maj. Gen. Don Carlos Buell. The regiment, together with the 8th and 14th Iowa Infantry Regiments, comprised four-fifths of that advance line, and surrendered only when surrounded by ten times their numbers. Those members of the regiment who escaped capture at Shiloh, including future Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives David B. Henderson, were assigned to the \"Union Brigade.\" The Union Brigade fought in the Second Battle of Corinth and others, before being sent to Davenport, Iowa, for re-organization, and remaining there during the winter of 1862–63. Meanwhile, many of the members of the regiment who were captured at Shiloh were paroled on January 1, 1863, and exchanged at Benton Barracks, and soon thereafter went to Rolla, Missouri, which was threatened by the forces of Brigadier General John S. Marmaduke. They returned on the January 15, 1863, to St. Louis, where they were again stationed. Lieut. Col. John P. Coulter resigned and was succeeded by Major John A. Edgington, and the latter as major by Capt. John H. Stibbs of D Company. The regiment was reorganized about April 1, 1863, and became part of General Sherman's command. It participated in the movements of that division during the Vicksburg Campaign, though it was in reserve at the May 22 assault. After Vicksburg surrendered, the regiment was engaged at Jackson, Mississippi, and was in the skirmish at and capture of Brandon, Mississippi. It went into camp near Bear Creek on July 23 and remained there until October 10. Lieut. Col. Edgington resigned, Maj. Stibbs became a lieutenant colonel and was succeeded as major by Capt. Edward M. Van Duzee. In October 1863, the regiment was in a skirmish at Brownsville, Arkansas. It then proceeded to Vicksburg, Memphis, Tennessee, La Grange, Tennessee, and Chewalla, where it remained on railroad guard duty until near the close of January 1864. While there, it broke up the guerrilla bands that were pillaging the country, and built", "title": "12th Iowa Infantry Regiment" }, { "docid": "29372071", "text": "The June 1862 capture of the Cumberland Gap was a Union victory during the American Civil War leading to Union occupation of the Cumberland Gap for three months. Background The Confederates held a long line of fortifications across Kentucky, Tennessee and into Missouri under Albert Sidney Johnston. The center of Johnston's defenses was Bowling Green, KY with the left flank anchored at Island No. 10 on the Mississippi River and the right held by Brig. Gen. Felix Zollicoffer at the Cumberland Gap. In early 1862 the Union Army had met with great success in the Western Theater. A string of victories at Mill Springs, Fort Henry, Fort Donelson, Island No. 10, and Shiloh had broken the Confederate defenses at several key points, and both Zollicoffer and Johnston had died in action (at Mill Springs and Shiloh respectively). Opposing Forces Union 7th Division, Army of the Ohio - Brig. Gen. George W. Morgan 24th Brigade - Brig. Gen. Samuel P. Carter 25th Brigade - Brig. Gen. James G. Spears 26th Brigade - Col. John F. DeCourcy 27th Brigade - Brig. Gen. Absalom Baird Artillery - Cpt. Jacob T. Foster Confederate Stevenson's Division - Brig. Gen. Carter L. Stevenson 2nd Brigade - Col James Edward Rains 3rd Brigade - Brig. Gen. Seth Maxwell Barton 5th Brigade - Col. Thomas H. Taylor Campaign against the Cumberland Gap In March 1862 Brig. Gen. George W. Morgan sent a brigade under Brig. Gen. Samuel P. Carter against the eastern end of the Confederate defenses at the Cumberland Gap. These defenses were now held by Col. James Edward Rains after Zollicoffer's defeat and death at Mill Springs. The Confederate works were considered too formidable to be taken by direct assault and Carter's force lacked sufficient artillery to match the well placed Confederate batteries. By April, General Morgan was moving against the gap with the remaining three brigades of his division. Morgan's force now included the brigades of Carter, James G. Spears, John F. DeCourcy and Absalom Baird along with a brigade of artillery and cavalry. Meanwhile, Brig. Gen. Carter L. Stevenson brought up the remaining brigades of Seth Maxwell Barton and T.H. Taylor to Col. Rain's defense. Morgan proposed to Maj. Gen. Don Carlos Buell that Chattanooga be threatened in order to force the Confederates to pull their strength away from the Cumberland Gap. At the same time General Edmund Kirby Smith, Confederate commander in eastern Kentucky, proposed a threat against Nashville to draw Union forces away from the gap. Only Morgan got his wish. A Union division under Brig. Gen. James S. Negley attacked Chattanooga on June 7, 1862. This demonstration against Chattanooga was small but it proved the Union forces could strike where they wanted. It was enough for Kirby Smith to reconsider Stevenson's position at the Cumberland Gap. The Union advance against the gap was made over difficult terrain, particularly in regards to the artillery brought with. Morgan was also forced to abandon his supply lines and rely solely upon foraging. Through two", "title": "Battle of the Cumberland Gap (1862)" }, { "docid": "881329", "text": "William Babcock Hazen (September 27, 1830 – January 16, 1887) was a career United States Army officer who served in the Indian Wars, as a Union general in the American Civil War, and as Chief Signal Officer of the U.S. Army. His most famous service was defending \"Hell's Half Acre\" at the Battle of Stones River in 1862, and seizing Fort McAllister, Georgia, in December 1864, which allowed William Sherman to capture Savannah at the end of his March to the Sea. Early life and military career Hazen was born in West Hartford, Vermont, but moved to Ohio at the age of three. He spent his boyhood in the town of Hiram and formed a close personal friendship with future President James A. Garfield. He graduated from the United States Military Academy, in 1855, and was commissioned a second lieutenant in the 4th U.S. Infantry. Before the Civil War, he served primarily in the Pacific Northwest and Texas, where he was wounded severely on November 3, 1859, during a fight with the Comanches along the Llano River. He was absent on sick leave until 1861. Civil War Soon after the fall of Fort Sumter, he was promoted to captain of the 8th U.S. Infantry, and by October 29, 1861, he was Colonel of the 41st Ohio Infantry. Starting in January 1862, he commanded a brigade in the Army of the Ohio, under Maj. Gen. Don Carlos Buell. His first major battle was Shiloh, where Buell's army arrived on the second day (April 7, 1862), in time to counterattack the Confederate army for a Union victory. In the fall of 1862, Hazen fought under Buell at Perryville. His brigade was reorganized into the XIV Corps (later to be known as the Army of the Cumberland) under Maj. Gen. William S. Rosecrans, and, in this organization, Hazen served in his most famous engagement, the Battle of Stones River, at Murfreesboro, Tennessee. On December 31, 1862, the Confederate forces under Gen. Braxton Bragg delivered a devastating assault that caught Rosecrans by surprise and drove his forces back three miles (5 km), leaving their backs to the Stones River. Hazen's brigade defended a small cedar forest known by the locals as \"Round Forest\". Hazen and Brig. Gen. Charles Cruft were at a salient in the Union line, whose loss would have given the Confederate a complete victory. Maj. Gens. George H. Thomas and Lovell H. Rousseau, Hazen's division commander, concentrated artillery to support them. Several Confederate attacks were beaten off. Their defense was so spirited against heavy odds that they arguably saved the Union line. The Round Forest is now known informally as \"Hell's Half Acre\". Hazen was wounded in the shoulder during the fight and was promoted to brigadier general, effective November 29, for his gallantry. Months after the battle, a monument was erected by veterans of the fight in a small Union cemetery at the site. This is considered to be the oldest Civil War monument remaining in its original battlefield location.", "title": "William Babcock Hazen" }, { "docid": "1475372", "text": "The Army of the Ohio was the name of two Union armies in the American Civil War. The first army became the Army of the Cumberland and the second army was created in 1863. History 1st Army of the Ohio General Orders No. 97 appointed Maj. Gen. Don Carlos Buell to command the Department of the Ohio. All the forces of the department were then organized into the Army of the Ohio, with Buell in command. Early in 1862, the army fought its first battle at Mill Springs, although only the 1st Division, commanded by Brig. Gen. George H. Thomas, was engaged. The whole army marched to reinforce Grant's Army of the Tennessee at the Battle of Shiloh. Buell was replaced as commander of the Department of the Ohio by Brig. Gen. Horatio G. Wright in August 1862, but because of Wright's junior rank, Maj. Gen. Henry W. Halleck ordered Thomas to replace Wright in command. However, Thomas foresaw a major battle and felt it unwise to change an army commander on the eve of battle. Thus Buell remained in command of the Army and Thomas was made his second-in-command. The battle Thomas foresaw occurred on October 8, 1862, west of Perryville, Kentucky. Confederate General Braxton Bragg had marched into Kentucky to recruit soldiers and take the state from the Union. The full force of Buell's command was gathering when Bragg attacked. Known as the Battle of Perryville, or the Battle of Chaplin Hills, casualties were very high on both sides. Union casualties totaled 4,276 (894 killed, 2,911 wounded, 471 captured or missing). Confederate casualties were 3,401 (532 killed, 2,641 wounded, 228 captured or missing). [1] Although Union losses were higher, Bragg withdrew from Kentucky when the fighting was over, and therefore Perryville is considered a strategic victory for the Union. Buell was subsequently relieved of all field command. Maj. Gen. William S. Rosecrans was appointed to command the Army of Ohio. He was also appointed to the command of the Department of the Cumberland and subsequently renamed his forces the Army of the Cumberland. 2nd Army of the Ohio On 25 March 1863, Maj. Gen. Ambrose Burnside assumed command of the Department of the Ohio headquartered in Cincinnati, Ohio. On March 19, 1863, two divisions of the IX Corps under Maj. Gen. John G. Parke had been ordered from Virginia to Burnside's department. On April 27, 1863, the War Department ordered all troops in Kentucky not belonging to IX Corps to be organized into the XXIII Corps under the commanded of Maj. Gen. George L. Hartsuff. By May 1863 Burnside had consolidated the forces of Kentucky into the IX Corps and XXIII Corps which he styled the Army of the Ohio. Thus, Burnside became one of the few officers to directly command two completely different armies (he had earlier commanded the Army of the Potomac). The IX Corps was soon transferred to Mississippi in June to participate in the siege of Vicksburg but was returned to the Army of", "title": "Army of the Ohio" }, { "docid": "264467", "text": "Braxton Bragg (March 22, 1817 – September 27, 1876) was an American army officer during the Second Seminole War and Mexican–American War and Confederate general in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War, serving in the Western Theater. His most important role was as commander of the Army of Mississippi, later renamed the Army of Tennessee, from June 1862 until December 1863. Bragg, a native of Warrenton, North Carolina, was educated at West Point and became an artillery officer. He served in Florida and then received three brevet promotions for distinguished service in the Mexican–American War, most notably the Battle of Buena Vista. He resigned from the U.S. Army in 1856 to become a sugar plantation owner in Louisiana. At the start of the Civil War, Bragg trained soldiers in the Gulf Coast region. He was a corps commander at the Battle of Shiloh, where he launched several costly and unsuccessful frontal assaults but nonetheless was commended for his conduct and bravery. In June 1862, Bragg was elevated to command the Army of Mississippi (later known as the Army of Tennessee). He and Brigadier General Edmund Kirby Smith attempted an invasion of Kentucky in 1862, but Bragg retreated following a minor tactical victory at the Battle of Perryville in October. In December, he fought another battle at Murfreesboro, Tennessee, the Battle of Stones River, against the Army of the Cumberland under Major General William Rosecrans. After a bloody and inconclusive battle, it ended with his retreat. After months without significant fighting, Bragg was outmaneuvered by Rosecrans in the Tullahoma Campaign in June 1863, causing him to surrender Middle Tennessee to the Union. Bragg retreated to Chattanooga but evacuated it in September as Rosecrans' troops entered Georgia. Later that month, with the assistance of Confederate forces from the Eastern Theater under James Longstreet, Bragg was able to defeat Rosecrans at the Battle of Chickamauga, the bloodiest battle in the Western Theater, and the only significant Confederate victory therein. Bragg forced Rosecrans back into Tennessee, but was criticized for the heavy casualties his army suffered and for not mounting an effective pursuit. In November, Bragg's army was routed by Major General Ulysses S. Grant in the Battles for Chattanooga and pushed back to Georgia. Confederate President Jefferson Davis subsequently relieved Bragg of command, recalling him to Richmond as his chief military advisor. Bragg briefly returned to the field as a corps commander near the war's end during the Campaign of the Carolinas. Bragg is generally considered among the worst generals of the Civil War. Most of the battles he engaged in ended in defeat. Bragg was extremely unpopular with both the officers and ordinary men under his command, who criticized him for numerous perceived faults, including poor battlefield strategy, a quick temper, and overzealous discipline. Bragg has a generally poor reputation with historians, though some point towards the failures of Bragg's subordinates, especially Major General and former Bishop Leonidas Polk—a close ally of Davis and known enemy of Bragg—as more significant", "title": "Braxton Bragg" } ]	[ { "docid": "12296834", "text": "Battery E, 1st Illinois Light Artillery Regiment was an artillery battery that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. It played a minor but noteworthy role in the Battle of Shiloh, and was mentioned in General William T. Sherman's after-action report on the battle. It also served at Vicksburg, Brice's Crossroads, Nashville and in several other engagements in the Western Theater of the war. Recruitment Battery E was mustered into service at Camp Douglas, in Chicago, Illinois, on December 19, 1861. Its members came primarily from Cook County. On February 13, 1862, they moved to Cairo, where they were issued with horses, artillery and other necessary equipment. Battle of Shiloh Initial deployment On March 27, 1862, Battery E travelled by boat to Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee, arriving on the 30th. Joining Brig. General William T. Sherman's Fifth Division in Ulysses S. Grant's Army of the Tennessee (together with its sister unit, Battery \"B\"), the battery was not assigned to a specific brigade for the upcoming Battle of Shiloh, on April 6–7, 1862. During this engagement, Battery E fielded four James Rifles, a rifled bronze artillery piece that proved popular during the early stages of the war, but later fell out of favor due to the excessive wear that combat service imposed upon rifled bronze cannon. According to one history of this engagement, Battery E was entirely inexperienced, having received its horses only ten days before the battle, and having drilled with them only three times. According to General Sherman's After-action report, he placed Battery E on a ridge to the left of Shiloh Church, covering a section of open ground between the 57th Ohio Infantry and the 53rd Ohio, near a house called the Rea Cabin. It was the 53rd Ohio's colonel, Jesse J. Appler, who had earlier tried to warn Sherman of large Confederate forces to his front, only to be told: \"Take your damned regiment back to Ohio. There is no enemy nearer than Corinth!\" The next morning would prove Sherman fatally wrong, as he and the rest of the Union Army were attacked during breakfast by a large Confederate force under General Albert Sidney Johnston. During the coming battle, Battery E would be engaged in turn by elements of Patrick Cleburne's Second Brigade of Johnston's Third Corps, which was under the command of General William Hardee. It would also be engaged by elements of S.A.M. Wood's Third Brigade of the same corps, and later by elements of Patton Anderson's Second Brigade of the First Division of Braxton Bragg's Second Corps. Later, still, the battery would be engaged by two brigades from Leonidas Polk's First Corps, commanded by Bushrod Johnson and Robert M. Russell. Thus, Battery E would face units from all three of Johnston's main Army Corps during the course of the engagement. The battle begins When the battle began, one section (two guns) of Battery E deployed just to the right of the 53rd, which had abandoned its camp and moved into the edge", "title": "Battery E, 1st Illinois Light Artillery Regiment" }, { "docid": "36572966", "text": "Francis Marion Walker (November 12, 1827 – July 22, 1864) was a Confederate States Army officer during the American Civil War (Civil War). He was killed while commanding a brigade at the Battle of Atlanta of July 22, 1864, one day before his commission as a brigadier general in the Confederate Army was delivered. Early life Francis Marion Walker was born in Paris, Kentucky, on November 12, 1827, and was named in honor of Francis Marion. His parents were John and Tabitha (Taylor) Walker. Walker's mother died while he was young. In 1843, the Walker family moved to Hawkins County in east Tennessee, where his father was proprietor of a tavern. Walker had a limited formal education but taught school for his own education and to earn money for college tuition. Walker was elected second lieutenant in the 5th Tennessee Infantry Regiment, commanded by his father as colonel, during the Mexican–American War. The unit was sent to Mexico but the war was over before it could be sent into action. Walker graduated with honors from Transylvania University in 1850. He established a law practice in Rogersville, Tennessee. In 1854, he moved to Chattanooga, Tennessee and set up a law practice. He was a Chattanooga alderman in 1858–1859 and attorney general of the Tennessee Fourth District from 1860 until the start of the Civil War. Walker had a prominent son, Lapsley Greene Walker, a Chattanooga newspaperman who opposed the Ku Klux Klan. American Civil War service Walker was actually a committed Unionist and made speeches in support of the Union in eastern Tennessee before Tennessee declared its secession from the Union. After Tennessee joined the Confederacy, Walker decided to stay with his State and joined the Confederate cause. He became Captain of the \"Marsh Blues\" of Hamilton County, Tennessee, which became Company I of the 19th Tennessee Infantry Regiment. The company was named for Ed Marsh, a local man who provided uniforms and equipment. Walker was promoted to lieutenant colonel of the regiment on June 11, 1861. Walker's regiment fought at the Battle of Mill Springs and Battle of Shiloh, where both the unit and Walker were praised for bravery. Walker received Union general Benjamin Prentiss' sword in surrender at Shiloh. Walker was elected Colonel of the 19th Tennessee Infantry on May 8, 1862. Thereafter, he led the regiment at the Battle of Stone's River, Battle of Chickamauga and in the Chattanooga Campaign. The regiment fought during the Atlanta campaign. Fighting from trenches, they decimated the soldiers of a Union assault at the Battle of Kennesaw Mountain on June 27, 1864. Brigade commander, Brigadier Otho F. Strahl and corps commander, Lieutenant General William J. Hardee repeatedly recommended that Walker be promoted to brigadier general. In June 1864, Walker was given command of a brigade in Major General Benjamin F. Cheatham's division when Brigadier General George Maney was promoted to division command. On July 17, 1864, just before the Battle of Peachtree Creek on July 20, 1864, Confederate President Jefferson Davis replaced", "title": "Francis Marion Walker" }, { "docid": "3039596", "text": "Speed Smith Fry (September 9, 1817 – August 1, 1892) was a lawyer, judge, and a United States Army officer during the Mexican–American War and American Civil War. Early life Fry was born in Mercer County, Kentucky (now Boyle County) near Danville. He graduated from Wabash College in Crawfordsville, Indiana, in 1840 and returned to Danville to practice law under his uncle. He served as a captain in the 2nd Kentucky Volunteer Regiment during the Mexican–American War and saw action at the Battle of Buena Vista, where his company fired the last shots of the battle. After the war he returned home and was appointed a judge of Mercer County and served in that position until the Civil War. Civil War With the outbreak of the Civil War, Fry was immediately made a colonel of Kentucky Militia. He helped raise the 4th Kentucky Infantry at Camp Dick Robinson and on October 9, 1861, he was appointed colonel of the regiment. Mill Springs and Zollicoffer's death Fry led his regiment into action at the Battle of Mill Springs on January 19, 1862. During the battle the fighting became disorganized and Confederate General Felix Zollicoffer rode up to Fry's regiment thinking they were Confederate troops, and addressing Colonel Fry, he ordered them to stop firing. Zollicoffer's aide came riding from the woods and, attempting to warn the general that he was in the midst of enemy soldiers, fired off a shot. Fry immediately raised his pistol and fired at Zollicoffer, who fell dead. But a debate exists over who actually killed the general. Fry never specifically claimed he was the one who killed Zollicoffer, but many reports and paintings at the time give full credit to him. However, there were members from three different Union regiments standing near Fry who also fired. Whether or not he was the sole person to shoot General Zollicoffer, the Confederates were so outraged that they accused Fry of murder. Promotion to general On March 21, 1862, Fry was appointed brigadier general of volunteers and commanded the 2nd Brigade, 1st Division, in the Army of the Ohio under Don Carlos Buell. His brigade arrived at the Battle of Shiloh at the end of the second day, too late to participate in the fighting. Buell reported that Fry's performance was \"inefficient\". His brigade did participate in the siege of Corinth. Returning to Kentucky, he led his brigade into action at the Battle of Perryville just a few miles away from where he was born. Once the Confederate forces had withdrawn from Kentucky, Fry took command of the 3rd Division, Center Wing, of the XIV Corps (Army of the Cumberland), which he led in the Stones River Campaign; he and most of his division were not engaged in the Battle of Stones River. For much of the remainder of the war, he commanded the North Central Kentucky sub-district. At the close of the war, he was in command of Camp Nelson, the vast Union recruiting and deployment depot south", "title": "Speed S. Fry" }, { "docid": "3353603", "text": "Benjamin Franklin Cheatham (October 20, 1820 – September 4, 1886) was a Tennessee planter, California gold miner, and a general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. He served in the Army of Tennessee, inflicting many casualties on Gen. Sherman at Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, but took the blame for General Schofield's escape at Spring Hill, Tennessee – a major factor in the Confederate defeat at Franklin, Tennessee. Early life and education Cheatham was born in Nashville, Tennessee on a plantation called Westover, which in its prime consisted of three thousand acres (12 km2). He was born into two of the most prominent families of the middle Tennessee elite of the slave society. His mother was descended from General James Robertson, the founder of Nashville and \"father\" of Middle Tennessee, who came from Virginia. The Cheathams had been in middle Tennessee for two generations and become established as plantation owners, lawyers, doctors and mayors of the city. Antebellum years At the start of the Mexican–American War, Cheatham joined the 1st Tennessee Infantry Regiment as a captain and finished the war having been promoted to colonel of the 3rd Tennessee. He moved to California in 1849 for the Gold Rush, but returned to Tennessee in 1853. He managed his plantation and served as a brigadier general in the Tennessee militia. Civil War Cheatham joined the Confederate States Army as a brigadier general on May 9, 1861, from Stockton, California, becoming one of at least four generals from California who served the Confederacy in the war. Cheatham was brigade commander in the Western District of Department Number Two, under Maj. Gen. Leonidas Polk. His first test in the war was in Missouri on November 7 at the Battle of Belmont, leading three regiments in Brig. Gen. Gideon J. Pillow's division against Union Brig. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, also in his first Civil War combat. In December, Cheatham and his division received the thanks of the Confederate Congress \"for the desperate courage they exhibited in sustaining for several hours, and under most disadvantageous circumstances an attack by a force of the enemy greatly superior to their own, both in numbers and appointments; and for the skill and gallantry by which they converted what at first threatened so much disaster, into a triumphant victory.\" Cheatham was promoted to major general, on March 10, 1862, and was appointed commander of the 2nd Division, First Corps, Army of Mississippi. He led his division at the Battle of Shiloh and was wounded, although it is unclear whether this occurred on April 6 or April 7, 1862. General Braxton Bragg became commander of the Army (soon to be designated the Army of Tennessee) and Cheatham served under him at Perryville and Stones River. At the latter battle, Cheatham performed sluggishly, ordering piecemeal assaults; observers claimed he had been drinking heavily and was unable to command his units effectively. However, Pvt. Sam Watkins, author of Company Aytch, claims to have personally witnessed Cheatham leading a charge on", "title": "Benjamin F. Cheatham" }, { "docid": "89141", "text": "John Cabell Breckinridge (January 16, 1821 – May 17, 1875) was an American lawyer, politician, and soldier. He represented Kentucky in both houses of Congress and became the 14th and youngest-ever vice president of the United States. Serving from 1857 to 1861, he took office at the age of 36. He was a member of the Democratic Party, and ran for president in 1860 as a Southern Democrat. He served in the U.S. Senate during the outbreak of the American Civil War, but was expelled after joining the Confederate Army. He was appointed Confederate Secretary of War in 1865. Breckinridge was born near Lexington, Kentucky, to a prominent local family. After serving as a noncombatant during the Mexican–American War, he was elected as a Democrat to the Kentucky House of Representatives in 1849, where he took a states' rights position against interference with slavery. Elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1851, he allied with Stephen A. Douglas in support of the Kansas–Nebraska Act. After reapportionment in 1854 made his re-election unlikely, he declined to run for another term. He was nominated for vice president at the 1856 Democratic National Convention to balance a ticket headed by James Buchanan. The Democrats won the election, but Breckinridge had little influence with Buchanan, and as presiding officer of the Senate, could not express his opinions in debates. He joined Buchanan in supporting the proslavery Lecompton Constitution for Kansas, which led to a split in the Democratic Party. In 1859, he was elected to succeed Senator John J. Crittenden at the end of Crittenden's term in 1861. After Southern Democrats walked out of the 1860 Democratic National Convention, the party's northern and southern factions held rival conventions in Baltimore that nominated Douglas and Breckinridge, respectively, for president. A third party, the Constitutional Union Party, nominated John Bell. These three men split the Southern vote, while antislavery Republican candidate Abraham Lincoln won all but three electoral votes in the North, winning the election. Breckinridge carried most of the Southern states. Taking his seat in the Senate, Breckinridge urged compromise to preserve the Union. Unionists were in control of the state legislature, and gained more support when Confederate forces moved into Kentucky. Breckinridge fled behind Confederate lines. He was commissioned a brigadier general and then expelled from the Senate. Following the Battle of Shiloh in 1862, he was promoted to major general, and in October, he was assigned to the Army of Mississippi under Braxton Bragg. After Bragg charged that Breckinridge's drunkenness had contributed to defeats at Stones River and Missionary Ridge, and after Breckinridge joined many other high-ranking officers in criticizing Bragg, he was transferred to the Trans-Allegheny Department, where he won his most significant victory in the 1864 Battle of New Market. After participating in Jubal Early's campaigns in the Shenandoah Valley, Breckinridge was charged with defending supplies in Tennessee and Virginia. In February 1865, Confederate President Jefferson Davis appointed him secretary of war. Concluding that the war was hopeless, he urged", "title": "John C. Breckinridge" }, { "docid": "20215370", "text": "The Second Corps, Army of Tennessee was a military formation in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. Formation The Corps was originally formed before the Battle of Shiloh in April 1862 by combining Daniel Ruggles' Alabama Division and Braxton Bragg's Army of Pensacola. The Corps was forming in Corinth, Mississippi, when it was made the II Corps, Army of the Mississippi. It contained two divisions; the first one was under Jones Withers and the second was under Daniel Ruggles. The II Corps numbered 22,000 men, making it the largest in the Confederate Army, and was placed under command of Braxton Bragg. At its first battle (Shiloh), the Corps initially drove Benjamin Prentiss's Union division from their camps. But when Prentiss, Wallace and their divisions dug in at the Hornet's Nest, Bragg assaulted the position from all sides for hours without dislodging them. Suffering heavily, the Second Corps was completely disorganized by the time they forced Prentiss out and was held in reserve for the rest of the battle, briefly fighting on the second day. With many line officers killed or wounded, the Corps took months to refit. Fighting in the Corinth Campaign, the Corps was later re-organized for its next operation in September 1862, the invasion of Kentucky. Service and reorganization The II Corps after Corinth was again reorganized with two divisions, the first under Patton Anderson and the second under Simon Buckner. The Corps was now led by William Hardee, and Braxton Bragg was promoted to army command. The Corps was only lightly engaged at Perryville, however, and the entire Army wasn't even present. The Corps and the entire Army were re-organized again. John Breckinridge and his division, who had fought at Shiloh but were absent at Perryville, were now attached. Numbering 11,000 men, his division boosted the strength of the corps by 40%. Anderson's division was dispersed between Buckner and the I Corps, but to replace him was a division from Kirby Smith's Army under John Mcown. Buckner was sent to Knoxville, but his division was then placed under the brilliant commander Patrick Cleburne. The Corps all in all numbered approximately 25,000 men; McCown's division had 5,000, Breckinridge had 11,000 and Cleburne had 9,000. Stones River and middle Tennessee After the reorganization in the fall of 1862, the Army of Tennessee was ready for action, as was the Second Corps. This action took place at Murfreesboro, in the Battle of Stones River. The battle began when William Rosecrans and his Army of the Cumberland marched south from Nashville against Bragg at Murfreesboro. Bragg ordered an assault on the Union right flank, where George Thomas and Alexander McCook's corps were stationed. In a pre-dawn assault similar to Shiloh, Hardee's Corps was the spearhead when McCown's division attacked at 5:30 am. His attack, as well as Cleburne's, threw the entire Union force in flight, pushing both corps back over a mile. Weary and exhausted, they stopped as Polk and his Corps were to finish the job. Leonidas Polk", "title": "Second Corps, Army of Tennessee" }, { "docid": "2384910", "text": "The Siege and Battle of Corinth Sites are a National Historic Landmark District encompassing surviving elements of three significant American Civil War engagements in and near Corinth, Mississippi. Included are landscape and battlefield features of the Siege of Corinth (April 29 to June 10, 1862), the Second Battle of Corinth (October 3-4, 1862), and the lesser known Battle of Hatchie's Bridge on October 5, 1862. The district includes features located in both Alcorn County, Mississippi and Hardeman County, Tennessee, with some of the former preserved as part of Shiloh National Military Park. It was designated a landmark in 1991. History The city of Corinth grew as a railroad town in the 1850s around the railroad crossing point of the Memphis and Charleston Railroad (opened 1857) and the Mobile and Ohio Railroad (opened 1861). This railroad junction, whose planning began in the mid-1850s, made Corinth a key economic junction point in the southern United States, and made it of critical military importance when the American Civil War broke out. Following the bloody Union victory at Shiloh in early April 1862, Confederate forces withdrew to Corinth, which they heavily fortified with earthworks and other defenses, in order to protect the critical railroad lines. The month-long Siege of Corinth followed, in which Union forces again compelled the Confederates to retreat. Confederate reinforcements from the west made an attempt to recapture Corinth in the Second Battle of Corinth, but were repulsed with significant casualties. During their retreat, the Confederates were attacked in the Battle of Hatchie's Bridge, near Pocahontas, Tennessee, by Union forces headed to support those at Corinth. Landmarked sites The landmark district includes a number of discontiguous resources associated with these military movements and actions. Most of these are located in or near Corinth, and include earthworks, rifle pits, and other defensive features erected both by the Confederates (before the siege) and also the Union (after its capture). A few buildings occupied by military commanders are included, as is the actual railroad junction that was the key element of interest. The district includes the following separate areas: First Phase Battle of Corinth, Battery F (previously listed), Battery Robinette (previously listed), Fish Pond House, 708 Kilpatrick Street Curlee House, also known as \"Veranda House\", 705 Jackson Street (previously listed) Oak Home, 808 Jackson Street Duncan House, 810 Polk Street Railroad Crossover, Confederate Earthworks between the Mobile and Ohio Railroad and the Purdy Road, Harper Road Union Earthworks (previously listed), Confederate Rifle Pit, less than Corinth National Cemetery (previously listed), Union Siege Line A: Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman's and Brig. Gen. Thomas A. Davies' Divisions, . Union Siege Line B: Army of the Tennessee (Brig. Gen. Thomas McKean's and Brig. Gen. T.W. Sherman's Divisions); Army of the Ohio (Brig. Gen. T.J. Wood's and William Nelson's Divisions), Union Siege Line C: Army of the Mississippi (Paine's Division), Davis Bridge (Battle of the Hatchie), a area of the larger battlefield, which is also individually listed The following National Register listings are also related to the", "title": "Siege and Battle of Corinth Sites" }, { "docid": "102751", "text": "Shiloh or Shilo may refer to: In the Bible Shiloh (biblical city), an ancient city in Samaria Shiloh (biblical figure), a figure of contested meaning mentioned in the Hebrew Bible Arts and entertainment Film and television Shiloh (film), a 1996 family movie based on the Naylor novel (see below) Shiloh, a chapter of The Civil War (miniseries) by Ken Burns Craig Shilo, a character in the television series Blue Mountain State Shiloh, the capital city in Kings (American TV series) Shiloh Ranch, the setting for the television series The Virginian Shilo Wallace, a character in the American rock horror opera film Repo! The Genetic Opera Music Shiloh, an early band formed by Don Henley of the Eagles Shiloh (singer), former stage name of Canadian pop singer and songwriter Shiloh Hoganson (born 1993) An alias of Willem Rebergen (born 1985), Dutch DJ and music producer, stage name Headhunterz Shilo (album), a compilation album of songs recorded by Neil Diamond \"Shilo\" (song), written and recorded by Neil Diamond \"Shiloh\", a Christmas carol written by William Billings in 1781 “Shiloh,” a song written and recorded by Buju Banton, from the album 'Til Shiloh In print Shiloh (franchise), a series of novels and film adaptations Shiloh (Naylor novel), a 1991 children's novel Shiloh (Foote novel), a 1952 historical novel by Shelby Foote about the American Civil War battle \"Shiloh,\" a short story by Bobbie Ann Mason - see Shiloh and Other Stories Video games Battleground 4: Shiloh, a 1996 computer game Military Battle of Shiloh, a major battle of the American Civil War USS Shiloh (1865), a Union Navy monitor USS Shiloh (CG-67), a United States Navy guided missile cruiser CFB Shilo, Manitoba, Canada, a Canadian Armed Forces base People Shiloh (given name), a unisex name and a list of people with the name Shilo (surname), a list of people Places United States Shiloh, DeKalb County, Alabama, a town Shiloh, Marengo County, Alabama, an unincorporated community Shiloh, Arkansas (disambiguation) Shiloh, Florida, a former village Shiloh, Georgia, a city Shiloh, Illinois, a village Shiloh, Indiana, an unincorporated town Shiloh, Kentucky, an unincorporated community Shiloh, Michigan, an unincorporated community Shiloh, Mississippi, a ghost town Shiloh, New Jersey, a borough Shiloh, Montgomery County, Ohio, a census-designated place Shiloh, Richland County, Ohio, a village Shiloh, York County, Pennsylvania, a census-designated place Shiloh, Sumter County, South Carolina, a census-designated place Shiloh, Tennessee (disambiguation) Shiloh, Texas (disambiguation) Shiloh, Virginia (disambiguation) Shiloh, West Virginia (disambiguation) Shiloh Township (disambiguation) Shiloh Creek, a stream in Kansas and Missouri Shiloh Historic District, Springdale, Arkansas Shiloh National Military Park, preserving the Shiloh and Corinth battlefields Elsewhere Shilo, a community in the township of Centre Wellington, Ontario, Canada Shilan, Gilan, Iran, a village also known as Shilo Shilo, Mateh Binyamin, Israel, a settlement Religious institutions Shiloh Church (disambiguation) Shiloh Temple, a Christian facility in Maine on the National Register of Historic Places Shiloh Youth Revival Centers, a movement of hippy-style rescue missions founded in 1968 and dissolved in 1989 Shiloh, a farm and retreat site in", "title": "Shiloh" }, { "docid": "73729862", "text": "Shiloh: The Battle for Tennessee, 6–7 April 1862 is a board wargame published by Simulations Publications, Inc. (SPI) in 1975 that simulates the Battle of Shiloh during the American Civil War. The game was originally part of the four-game collection Blue & Gray: Four American Civil War Battles, and was also released as a stand-alone \"folio\" game. It proved to be one of SPI's most popular games in the year following its publication. Background In April 1862, General Ulysses S. Grant moved the Union Army of the Tennessee deep into Confederate territory near Pittsburg Landing in southern Tennessee. On 6 April 1962, Confederate General Albert Sidney Johnston commanding the Army of the Mississippi launched a surprise attack that caught Grant unawares, and threw the Union army back with heavy losses. After a day of heavy fighting in which General Johnston was killed, his second-in-command, P.G.T. Beauregard, faced a difficult decision: force his exhausted Confederate troops to try and finish off the Union army, or rest until the morning and hope that Union reinforcements would not arrive before then. Description Shiloh is a two-player wargame in which one player controls the Union forces and the other player controls the Confederate forces. With a small map and only 100 counters, the game has been characterized as \"simple\". Gameplay The game system, adapted from SPI's 1972 game Napoleon at War, uses an alternating \"I Go, You Go\" series of turns, where one player moves and attacks, followed by the other player. The first six turns represent the first day of the battle, the seventh turn covers the night, and the last six turns represent the second day of battle. A new concept, \"Attack Effectiveness\", was introduced for the Blue & Gray battles: If an attacking unit receives an \"Attacker Retreat\" result during combat, then that unit cannot make any further attacks for the rest of that game day, although it may defend as normal. A number of rules unique to Shiloh were also included. The most consequential for the Union player is that during the first two turns, all Union forces not adjacent to an enemy must move one hex north or northeast. Victory conditions Both players receive Victory Points for eliminating enemy units. The Confederate player wins if either the Confederates have at least twice as many victory points as the Union OR the Confederates occupy Pittsburgh Landing and have at least as many Victory points as the Union. The Union player wins if the Union occupies Pittsburgh Landing and has Victory Points totaling more than half of the Confederate total. If neither player reaches victory conditions, then the game is a draw. Publication history In 1975, SPI published Blue & Gray, its first quadrigame — four different games simulating different battles but using the same set of rules and the same map scale, packaged into one box. The four games were Cemetery Hill; Antietam; Chickamauga; and Shiloh. The latter was designed by Kip Allen, Irad B. Hardy, and Redmond A. Simonsen,", "title": "Shiloh: The Battle for Tennessee" }, { "docid": "24006830", "text": "John Morrison Oliver (September 6, 1828 – March 30, 1872) was a Union general during the American Civil War. He fought in many of the battles involving the Army of the Tennessee, occasionally commanding a brigade. Biography He was born on September 6, 1828, in Penn Yan, New York. Oliver graduated from St. John's College in New York. He moved to Michigan and worked as a pharmacist. When the Civil War began he joined the 4th Michigan Volunteer Infantry Regiment as a private. He rose to captain in that regiment before being appointed colonel of the 15th Michigan on March 13, 1862. He led his regiment at Shiloh and commanded the 2nd Brigade, 6th Division during the siege and battle of Corinth. He returned to command the 15th Michigan during the siege of Vicksburg where he was part of the XVI Corps. He briefly commanded the 2nd Brigade, 4th Division, XV Corps and was transferred to Chattanooga in the wake of Ulysses Grant's victory there in 1863. Oliver was back in command of his regiment during William T. Sherman's preparations for the advance against Atlanta, but once the campaign got underway Oliver was in command of the 3rd Brigade, 4th Division, XV Corps. He briefly led the 1st Brigade, 4th Division at the battle of Jonesborough. During the March to the Sea, Oliver commanded the 3rd Brigade, 2nd Division, XV Corps. His was one of the brigades that assaulted Fort McAllister in December. On January 12, 1865, he was promoted to brigadier general of volunteers. He was at the battle of Bentonville, though his brigade did not see much action. He received a brevet promotion to major general of volunteers on March 13, 1865, and was in command of the 2nd Division, XV Corps at the close of the war. He was mustered out of the volunteer service on August 24, 1865. Following the Civil War he moved to Arkansas where he practiced law and became the post office superintendent in Little Rock. He died on March 30, 1872, in Washington, D.C. See also List of American Civil War generals (Union) References External links Union Army generals 1828 births 1872 deaths Burials at Lake View Cemetery (Penn Yan, New York) People from Penn Yan, New York Fordham University alumni Arkansas lawyers 19th-century American lawyers", "title": "John Morrison Oliver" }, { "docid": "72768426", "text": "Chickamauga: The Last Victory, 20 September 1863 is a board wargame published by Simulations Publications, Inc. (SPI) in 1975 that simulates the Battle of Chickamauga during the American Civil War. The game was originally part of the four-game collection Blue & Gray: Four American Civil War Battles, and was also released as a stand-alone \"folio\" game. Background In September 1863, the Union Army of the Cumberland under Maj. Gen. William Rosecrans had pushed the Confederate Army of Tennessee under Gen. Braxton Bragg out of Chattanooga. Bragg was determined to re-occupy Chattanooga, and on 19 September 1863, the two armies met southeast of the city, near the Chickamauga Creek. Description Chickamauga is a two-player wargame where one player controls the Union forces and the other player controls the Confederate forces. With a small map and only 100 counters, the game has been characterized as \"simple\". Gameplay The game system, adapted from SPI's 1972 game Napoleon at War, uses an alternating \"I Go, You Go\" series of turns, where one player moves and attacks, followed by the other player. Each turn represents 1–2 hours of game time, and the game lasts for ten turns. A new concept, \"Attack Effectiveness\", was introduced for the Blue & Gray battles: If an attacking unit receives an \"Attacker Retreat\" result during combat, then that unit cannot make any further attacks for the rest of that game day, although it may defend as normal. Publication history In 1975, SPI published Blue & Gray, its first quadrigame — four different battles using the same set of rules, packaged into one box. The four games were Antietam; Cemetery Hill; Shiloh; and Chickamauga. The latter was designed by Irad B. Hardy, Redmond A. Simonsen, and John Young. Chickamauga was also released as an individual game packaged in a double LP-sized cardstock folio as part of the Blue & Gray Folio Series, as well as in a \"Designer's Collection\" boxed set with a mounted map. It proved very popular, and in a poll conducted by SPI to determine the most popular board wargames in North America, Chickamauga placed 15th out of 202 games. Given the popularity of Blue & Gray, SPI immediately produced a sequel containing four more battles, Blue & Gray II, which also proved to be a bestseller. Following TSR's takeover of SPI in 1981, TSR reissued Chickamauga as part of a new edition of Blue & Gray in 1984, with new box art and the TSR logo, but no other changes to the components or rules. In 1995, Decision Games acquired the rights to Chickamauga and the other games of Blue & Gray, and reissued the entire set with a new box and new graphic design, and slightly revised rules. Reception In the 1977 book The Comprehensive Guide to Board Wargaming, Charles Vasey noted that the theme of the game was a \"simple tactical surround-and-destroy system.\" In Issue 23 of Moves, Jay Nelson called Chickamauga \"a simple game that portrays a rather complex situation, while at the same", "title": "Chickamauga: The Last Victory, 20 September 1863" }, { "docid": "43208538", "text": "Johnny Shiloh is a 1963 television film that originally aired as two episodes of Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color based on the life of John Clem, who was called \"Johnny Shiloh\". The title song, heard at the beginning of each episode was written by Robert B. Sherman and Richard M. Sherman. Plot When the Blue Raiders are called into Union service at the start of the American Civil War, their mascot drummer boy, John Clem, defies his father's wishes and smuggles himself on the train carrying the troops to camp. In spite of efforts by the troops to force him to give up and go home, Johnny refuses and tries to tough it out. He gets photographed by Mathew Brady. His father comes to get him, but Johnny runs away and returns to the regiment. He finally wears down Capt. McPherson, who agrees to let him join the regiment officially. At the Battle of Shiloh, Johnny and General George Henry Thomas rally the retreating Federal forces, but Johnny's friend Jeremiah Sullivan is killed. At the Battle of Chickamauga, Johnny wounds a Confederate colonel who was attacking his friend Gabe Trotter. After the battle, General Ulysses S. Grant promotes Gabe to a lieutenant and Johnny is promoted to sergeant. Johnny and Gabe deliver an important message to General James B. Steedman, but on the way back to Thomas's headquarters, Gabe is wounded and Johnny is captured. Even though questioned by General Joseph Wheeler, Johnny refuses to talk. He makes a daring escape and returns to the Union lines. Cast Kevin Corcoran as John Clem Brian Keith as Sgt. (Later lieutenant) Gabe Trotter Darryl Hickman as Lt. Jeremiah Sullivan Skip Homeier as Capt. McPherson Eddie Hodges as Billy Jones Ben Morgan as Sam Edward Platt as General George Henry Thomas Dan Riss as General Wheeler Hayden Rorke as General Ulysses S. Grant Rickie Sorensen as Rusty Buck Taylor as Josh Regis Toomey as Mr. Clem Billy Williams as Blue Raider #1 Henry Wills as Stark Production Music The television film's score was written by Buddy Baker. The theme song was written by the Sherman Brothers, Robert B. Sherman and Richard M. Sherman. External links Johnny Shiloh (Part 1) at imdb.com Johnny Shiloh (Part 2) at imdb.com 1963 films American television films Works by the Sherman Brothers American Civil War films", "title": "Johnny Shiloh (film)" }, { "docid": "76563081", "text": "The 6th Mississippi Infantry Regiment was a unit of the Confederate States Army that fought in many battles of the Western theater of the American Civil War. After taking heavy casualties at the Battle of Shiloh, the 6th Regiment fought in the Vicksburg Campaign, operations against anti-Confederate guerillas in Jones County, Mississippi, the Atlanta campaign, and the Franklin-Nashville campaign. Formation The volunteer companies that made up the 6th Mississippi were organized in the spring and summer of 1861, originally for state service, and were then mustered into Confederate service on August 24, 1861 at Grenada, Mississippi, with an original total strength of 601 men and officers. The Regiment was then sent to Kentucky where it joined Patrick Cleburne's brigade. In Kentucky the Regiment suffered from serious outbreaks of disease that reduced the total effective strength at one point to only 150 men. The Regiment was moved to Corinth, Mississippi after the fall of Fort Donelson to US forces in February, 1862. Shiloh As part of Cleburne's brigade, in General William J. Hardee's Third Army Corps, the 6th Mississippi took part in the Battle of Shiloh on April 6-7, 1862. On the morning of April 6 the Regiment advanced against the Union lines at Rhea field alongside the 23rd Tennessee Infantry Regiment, but their advance was impeded by a bog and the obstacles of the Federal camp. The regiment took heavy fire from troops of the 53rd Ohio Infantry Regiment and Illinois Light Artillery, suffering severe casualties. The commander of the Regiment, Colonel John J. Thornton was wounded, and \"a quick and bloody repulse was the consequence\" of the Confederate advance, according to brigade commander Cleburne. 60 men of the Regiment reformed ranks for a counterattack led by Captain A.Y. Harper, and the Union forces retreated, but the 6th Mississippi had taken such heavy losses that it needed to be sent to the rear, as Cleburne reported: \"Its terrible loss in the morning, the want of all its field and most of its company officers, had completely disorganized it and unfitted it for further service.\" The 6th Regiment suffered a 76% casualty rate at Shiloh, earning it the nickname of \"The Bloody Sixth\". Cleburne's brigade as a whole suffered close to 1,000 casualties, the highest of any brigade engaged at the battle, Union or Confederate. A monument to the 6th Mississippi was dedicated at Shiloh National Military Park in 2015, located at Rhea field where the troops of the Regiment fell in battle. After Shiloh, the Regiment was sent to camp at Corinth and reorganized. Colonel Thornton resigned, Robert Lowry was elected as the new Colonel, and A.Y. Harper was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel. The Regiment was assigned to General John S. Bowen's brigade in Major General John C. Breckinridge's reserve corps and transferred to a supporting position near Vicksburg, Mississippi in the summer of 1862. Vicksburg and Knight Company Bowen's brigade, including the 6th Regiment, was assigned to Major General Earl Van Dorn's corps and sent to fight at the", "title": "6th Mississippi Infantry Regiment" }, { "docid": "33276215", "text": "Isham Nicholas Haynie (1824-1868) was a lawyer, politician, soldier and officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War. He was colonel of the 48th Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment at the battles of Fort Donelson and Shiloh. Early life Haynie was born in Dover, Tennessee, later to become site of the battle of Fort Donelson, which Haynie would take part in. At a young age he moved to Illinois where he worked as a farmer before volunteering for service in the Mexican–American War. He was appointed first lieutenant of Illinois Volunteer Infantry. He was mustered out of volunteer services in 1848. Following the Mexican War, Haynie graduated from Kentucky Law School in 1852. Returning to Illinois, he served as a lawyer and Illinois Legislator. In 1860 Haynie was a presidential elector who voted for Stephen A. Douglas. Civil war On November 10, 1861, Haynie was appointed colonel of the 48th Illinois Infantry. Haynie's regiment was attached to the District of Cairo. When Ulysses S. Grant organized his expedition to Fort Henry, Haynie became part of William H. L. Wallace's brigade in John A. McClernand's division. He participated in the capture of Fort Henry. Fort Donelson A week later Haynie was involved in the investment of Fort Donelson. On February 13, a Confederate battery had been plaguing the Union position. McClernand order an assault on the battery despite orders not to bring on a general engagement. McClernand chose his 3rd Brigade under Colonel William R. Morrison to lead the attack. Morrison's brigade consisted of only two regiments and McClernand decided to temporarily attach Haynie's 48th Illinois to Morrison's brigade. As final preparations were made, Haynie realized he was now the ranking officer in the brigade. Morrison willingly consented stating it was no time to argue about rank. To that Haynie replied \"Colonel, lets take it together.\" The two colonels led the men forward. Morrison was struck in the hip, taking him off the field and removing any command ambiguity between him and Haynie. The attack failed and the survivors returned to their lines. Colonel Leonard F. Ross was appointed the new permanent commander of Morrison's brigade and Haynie returned with his regiment to Wallace's brigade. McClernand and Grant were both eager to forget about the incident, but years later McClernand claimed to Haynie's son he wanted Haynie to lead the charge because he felt him an \"abler soldier\". Shiloh Following the reorganization of the Union Army following the Battle of Fort Donelson Haynie remained in command of his regiment but the brigade was now commanded by Colonel C. Carroll Marsh as W.H.L. Wallace was promoted to division command. During the fighting on April 6 around Shiloh Church, Haynie was struck in the left thigh and forced to turn over command of the regiment. Later service On November 29, 1862 Haynie was appointed Brigadier General of U.S. Volunteers pending the confirmation of the U.S. Senate. Meanwhile, having recovered from his Shiloh wound, he was appointed to command of the 1st Brigade,", "title": "Isham N. Haynie" }, { "docid": "51542910", "text": "Irving W. Carson, ( – April 6, 1862), a captain in the U.S. Army, served as a scout during the American Civil War under the direction of General Ulysses S. Grant, and as a sideline was a journalist for the Civil War. He was in the Battle of Shiloh at Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee, Tennessee, USA and was killed there by artillery, which made him the first journalist to be killed during the war. Personal Papers from Grant indicate that Irving W. Carson was born in Scotland, while other records showed he was born in Connecticut in 1838. He moved to Chicago, Illinois, around 1853, when he would have been 14 years old. As an adult, he was described as handsome, 6 foot 2 inches, and thin. He was on the membership lists of the First Baptist Church at the end of the 1850s. He was also a member of the Illinois Republican Party by the time that Abraham Lincoln was elected president. Career Carson was a wagon maker and then he worked for the Illinois Central Railroad in Chicago. He was a conductor. He left the railroad to study law, served as a law clerk until he could practice law in 1860 at 22 years of age. He signed on with the Chicago Tribune as a correspondent while with the Dragoons. Military service He enlisted as a private in an organization called Barker's Dragoons, which lasted from April 19 to August 18, 1861. The men that belonged to these Independent Illinois Volunteer Cavalry Companies refused to enlist for 3 years. While some members broke away from Charles W. Barker, Carson stayed loyal. As a member of the Dragoons, he served as a scout for Gen. Benjamin M. Prentiss. Later, he became a scout for General Ulysses S. Grant at the rank of captain. According to Grant, correspondence on March 26, 1862, indicate that Carson traveled to reach General Don Carlos Buell, by walking for four days and passing three Confederate States of America camps. Death While reporting to Grant on the first day of the battle at Pittsburgh Landing, Capt. Carson was near Buell and Grant at the Battle of Shiloh sometime around 5 p.m. or 6 p.m. on April 6, 1862. Shells had already killed men close by them. When Carson stepped away to encourage men to fight, he was killed by a cannonball that hit him in the face. The incident is often described as ghastly or horrific. On the second day, Grant led his force to victory over the Confederate Army. Funeral Carson was given full military honors at his funeral that was held at First Baptist Church in Chicago on April 20, 1862. The procession happened on Laselle Street, it involved a cavalcade and many officers who served him. It went all the way through the city and ended at Rosehill Cemetery, where his ashes were buried among the other Civil War soldiers. Context After the Battle, members of the military, including General William Tecumseh Sherman,", "title": "Irving W. Carson" }, { "docid": "1972613", "text": "The siege of Corinth (also known as the first battle of Corinth) was an American Civil War engagement lasting from April 29 to May 30, 1862, in Corinth, Mississippi. A collection of Union forces under the overall command of Major General Henry Halleck engaged in a month-long siege of the city, whose Confederate occupants were commanded by General P.G.T. Beauregard. The siege resulted in the capture of the town by Federal forces. The town was a strategic point at the junction of two vital railroad lines, the Mobile and Ohio Railroad and the Memphis and Charleston Railroad. Former Confederate Secretary of War LeRoy Pope Walker called this intersection \"the vertebrae of the Confederacy.\" General Halleck argued: \"Richmond and Corinth are now the great strategic points of the war, and our success at these points should be insured at all hazards.\" Another reason for the town's importance was that, if captured by Union forces, it would threaten the security of Chattanooga, Tennessee, and render Southern control of the track west of that East Tennessee bastion meaningless. The siege ended when the outnumbered Confederates withdrew on May 29. This effectively cut off the prospect of further Confederate attempts to regain western Tennessee. The Union forces under Ulysses S. Grant took control and made it the base for Grant's operations to seize control of the Mississippi River Valley and especially the Confederate stronghold of Vicksburg, Mississippi. Grant later recalled in his memoirs the importance Corinth held in the cause of a Union victory in the region: \"Corinth was a valuable strategic point for the enemy to hold, and consequently a valuable one for us to possess ourselves of.\" General C. S. Hamilton later recounted that the importance of Corinth was summed up as such: \"The Confederate armies had been driven from the Ohio River, almost out of the States of Tennessee and Kentucky a steadying back for a distance of 200 miles Federal occupation reaching the Gulf States where chivalrous foes had been sure Yankee would never set foot.\" Sherman too later wrote of the importance that Corinth held after the Second Battle of Corinth was concluded: \"In Memphis I could see its effects upon the citizens, and they openly admitted that their cause had sustained a death-blow.\" With the siege of Corinth completed, Federal troops had the opportunity to strike towards Vicksburg or Chattanooga, but it was after the Second Battle of Corinth that October that Grant struck for Vicksburg. The Siege of Corinth was described by General Sherman as a change in the tactics in West Tennessee: \"The effect of the battle of Corinth was very great. It was, indeed, a decisive blow to the Confederate cause in our quarter, and changed the whole aspect of affairs in West Tennessee. From the timid defensive we were at once enabled to assume the bold offensive.\" Background Military situation Following the Union Army victory at the Battle of Shiloh on April 6–7, Maj. Gen. Henry Halleck amassed three Union armies —the Army of", "title": "Siege of Corinth" }, { "docid": "24791194", "text": "Events from the year 1862 in the United States. Incumbents Federal government President: Abraham Lincoln (R-Illinois) Vice President: Hannibal Hamlin (R-Maine) Chief Justice: Roger B. Taney (Maryland) Speaker of the House of Representatives: Galusha A. Grow (R-Pennsylvania) Congress: 37th Events January January 3 – American Civil War: Battle of Cockpit Point fought in Virginia. January 8 – American Civil War: Battle of Roan's Tan Yard in Missouri. January 10 – John Gately Downey, 7th Governor of California, is succeeded by Amasa Leland Stanford. January 19 – American Civil War: Battle of Mill Springs in Kentucky. January 30 – The first U.S. ironclad warship, , is launched at Greenpoint, Brooklyn. January 31 – Alvan Graham Clark makes the first observation of Sirius B, a white dwarf star, through an eighteen-inch telescope at Northwestern University. In the Great Flood of 1862, San Francisco receives of rainfall for January, its highest monthly rainfall on record, and the “rain year” total from July 1861 to June of is also the highest ever. February February 1 – Julia Ward Howe's Battle Hymn of the Republic is published for the first time in the Atlantic Monthly. February 6 – American Civil War: General Ulysses S. Grant gives the Union Army its first major victory of the war, by capturing Fort Henry, Tennessee. February 15 – American Civil War: General Ulysses S. Grant attacks Fort Donelson, Tennessee and captures it the next day. February 21 – American Civil War: Battle of Valverde fought near Fort Craig in New Mexico Territory. February 22 – American Civil War: Jefferson Davis is officially inaugurated in Richmond, Virginia, to a 6-year term as president of the Confederate States of America. March March 7 – American Civil War: The Battle of Pea Ridge – The Confederates are shut out of Missouri. March 8 – American Civil War: The ironclad (formerly USS Merrimack) is launched at Hampton Roads, Virginia. March 8–9 – American Civil War: Battle of Hampton Roads – The first battle between two ironclad warships, and . March 13 – American Civil War: The U.S. federal government forbids all Union army officers from returning fugitive slaves, thus effectively annulling the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 and setting the stage for the Emancipation Proclamation. March 14 – American Civil War: Battle of New Bern fought in North Carolina. March 26–28 – American Civil War: Battle of Glorieta Pass – In New Mexico, Union forces succeed in stopping the Confederate invasion of New Mexico Territory. April April 5 – American Civil War: Battle of Yorktown – The battle begins when Union forces under General George B. McClellan close in on the Confederate capital Richmond, Virginia. April 6–7 – American Civil War: Battle of Shiloh – Union Army under General Ulysses S. Grant defeats the Confederates near Shiloh, Tennessee. April 10 – American Civil War: Battle of Fort Pulaski – Union blockade closes Savannah, Georgia. The Parrott rifle, a field artillery weapon, demonstrates its ability to make masonry forts obsolete. April 12 – American", "title": "1862 in the United States" }, { "docid": "30098820", "text": "On the onset of the American Civil War in April 1861, Ulysses S. Grant was working as a clerk in his father's leather goods store in Galena, Illinois. When the war began, his military experience was needed, and congressman Elihu B. Washburne became his patron in political affairs and promotions in Illinois and nationwide. Grant trained Union military recruits and was promoted to colonel in June 1861. Major general John C. Frémont, who viewed in Grant an \"iron will\" to win, appointed Grant to commander of the District of Cairo. Grant became famous around the nation after capturing Fort Donelson in February 1862 and was promoted to major general by president Abraham Lincoln. After a series of decisive yet costly battles and victories at Shiloh, Vicksburg, and Chattanooga, Grant was promoted to lieutenant general by Lincoln in 1864 and given charge of all the Union armies. Grant went on to defeat Robert E. Lee after another series of costly battles in the Overland Campaign, the Siege of Petersburg, and the Appomattox campaign. After the Civil War, Grant was given his final promotion of general of the Armed Forces in 1866 and served until 1869. His popularity as a Union war general enabled him to be elected president in 1868. Grant was the most acclaimed Union general during the Civil War. Some historians have viewed him as a \"butcher\" commander who in 1864 used attrition without regard to the lives of his own soldiers in order to kill off the enemy which could no longer replenish its losses. Throughout the Civil War, Grant's armies incurred approximately 154,000 casualties, while having inflicted 191,000 casualties on his opposing Confederate armies. In terms of success, Grant was the only general during the Civil War who received the surrender of three Confederate armies. Although Grant maintained high casualties during the Overland Campaign in 1864, his aggressive fighting strategy was in compliance with the U.S. government's strategic war aims and was in any case abetted by profligate Confederate generals who were willing to match his losses. Grant has recently been praised by historians for his \"military genius\" and viewed as a decisive general who emphasized movement and logistics. Grant is considered a modern, natural, and skillful general, leading from a central command center, using common sense, and delivering coordinated attacks on the enemy's armies. Background Ulysses S. Grant began his military career as a cadet at the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1839. After graduation, he went on to serve with distinction as a lieutenant in the Mexican–American War. Grant was a keen observer of the war and learned battle strategies serving under generals Zachary Taylor and Winfield Scott. After the war, Grant served at various posts especially in the Pacific Northwest, but he was forced to retire from the service in 1854 due to accusations of drunkenness. He was unable to make a success of farming. American Civil War Initial commissions On April 15, 1861, after the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter", "title": "Ulysses S. Grant and the American Civil War" }, { "docid": "20466235", "text": "Isaac Campbell Pugh (November 23, 1805 – November 19, 1874) was a United States volunteer soldier who was a veteran of the Black Hawk War, the Mexican–American War and the American Civil War; rising to the rank of Brevet brigadier general. Early life Pugh was born in Christian County, Kentucky. He moved to Macon County, Illinois and became a private and served during the Black Hawk War. In 1846 he became a captain in the 4th Illinois Volunteer Regiment during the Mexican War and was mustered out of the volunteer service the following year. Civil War Fort Donelson Pugh's most notable military service came during the American Civil War. He volunteered and became the captain of Company A of the 8th Illinois Infantry Regiment when it was mustered in on 23 April 1861. When the 8th was demobilized three months later, he formed the 41st Illinois Volunteer Regiment which he commanded as colonel, and would chiefly be associated with for the rest of the war. Pugh led the regiment into action at the Battle of Fort Donelson fighting as part of John McArthur's brigade on the extreme right of the Union line. Shiloh After Fort Donelson the 41st Illinois was assigned to the 1st Brigade in Stephen A. Hurlbut's 4th Division of the Army of the Tennessee. Shortly after the fighting began at the Battle of Shiloh, the 1st Brigade's commander Col. Nelson G. Williams was severely wounded and command of the brigade was turned over to Pugh. Colonel Pugh ably led the brigade through the two days of fighting at Shiloh in the vicinity of \"Bloody Pond\". Vicksburg and Jackson After Shiloh, General Jacob G. Lauman was transferred to command the brigade and Pugh returned to command of his regiment. He led his unit in the subsequent Siege of Corinth and the Battle of Hatchie's Bridge. When General Lauman was elevated to command of the 4th Division, Pugh again assumed command of the 1st Brigade. Pugh's brigade and the rest of the division were assigned to the XVI Corps during the Siege of Vicksburg and the following expedition against Jackson, Mississippi. During the Jackson Expedition, General Lauman ordered Pugh to make an attack against Brig. Gen. Daniel W. Adams' entrenched brigade. This attack resulted in heavy casualties for Pugh's brigade and Lauman was subsequently relieved of command. Furlough and Atlanta Campaign Pugh continued in brigade command until October 1863 when the veteran officers and soldiers of the 41st Illinois were granted a furlough while the new recruits in the regiment fought in the Red River Campaign and at Tupelo. Pugh returned to active duty with the veterans of the regiment in 1864. Instead of reuniting the entire regiment in Mississippi, Pugh commanded the so-called \"Veterans Battalion\" of the 41st Illinois and was sent to Georgia to join William T. Sherman's campaign against Atlanta. Pugh's Veteran Battalion was assigned to railroad guard duty near Marietta, Georgia. Pugh briefly commanded the 2nd Brigade, 4th Division in the XVII Corps which was", "title": "Isaac C. Pugh" }, { "docid": "379138", "text": "The Battle of Cotton Plant also known as Action at Hill's Plantation or Action at Cache River or Action at Round Hill (July 7, 1862) was fought during the American Civil War in Woodruff County, Arkansas. Frustrated in its attempt to march to Little Rock by a lack of supplies, the Union Army of the Southwest under the command of Samuel Ryan Curtis moved south down the White River. Curtis's army encountered a Confederate force led by Albert Rust on the east bank of the Cache River near Cotton Plant. Rust was only able to bring two Texas cavalry regiments into action. These horsemen attacked the Federal advance guard under Charles Edward Hovey, but after a spirited fight, Union reinforcements arrived and drove off the Texans. Rust's force made a disorderly retreat and Curtis's army was able to march south to Clarendon before veering east to occupy Helena on the Mississippi River. Background Strategic situation A few weeks after the Union victory at the Battle of Pea Ridge on March 7–8, 1862, Union General Curtis received reports that General Earl Van Dorn's Confederate army was moving east. On April 5, Curtis's department commander General Henry Halleck authorized a move eastward to block a possible offensive by Van Dorn. Accordingly, the Army of the Southwest marched east through the Missouri towns of Cassville, Forsyth, and West Plains. In fact, on March 23, General Albert Sidney Johnston ordered Van Dorn's troops to move to Corinth, Mississippi where a large Confederate army was assembling. In his zeal to execute the new instructions, Van Dorn denuded Arkansas of soldiers, weapons, ammunition, and other military supplies. Ironically, Van Dorn's troops arrived too late to fight in the Battle of Shiloh on April 6–7, a Confederate defeat. Advance on Little Rock fails After Shiloh, Halleck instructed Curtis to move into northeast Arkansas and rendezvous with another Federal force under General Frederick Steele. Curtis's army marched south from White Plains, crossing the state line on April 29 and reaching Batesville, Arkansas on May 2. Steele's soldiers arrived in nearby Jacksonport on May 4. However, Halleck directed Curtis to move half of his infantry to Cape Girardeau, Missouri where they would be transferred east of the Mississippi River. Dutifully, Curtis gathered seven Illinois, two Missouri, and one Indiana regiments, placed them under Generals Jefferson C. Davis and Alexander Asboth and sent them to Halleck. Curtis reorganized his remaining soldiers into three divisions: the Indiana regiments in the 1st under Steele, the Illinois and Iowa regiments in the 2nd under General Eugene Asa Carr, and the Missouri regiments in the 3rd under General Peter J. Osterhaus. Halleck then ordered Curtis to occupy Little Rock, about south. Curtis's May strength returns listed 6,000 infantry, 3,000 cavalry, and 1,000 artillerymen. The Federal occupation of Batesville prompted Arkansas Governor Henry Massey Rector to call out the militia and move the state archives from Little Rock. Confederate General John Selden Roane complained that he was left to fight with \"No troops - no", "title": "Battle of Cotton Plant" }, { "docid": "22474949", "text": "James Clifford Veatch (December 19, 1819 – December 22, 1895) was a lawyer who served as an Indiana state legislator and county auditor. He later served as a Union general during the American Civil War, fighting primarily in the Western Theater. He rose to command of a division of infantry and fought in several important battles. Early life and career Veatch was born near Elizabeth, Indiana, in 1819. His father Isaac Veatch was a member of the Indiana House of Representatives from 1827 to 1828. He died of cholera in July 1833. His grandfather Nathan Veatch fought in the American Revolution at the Battle of King's Mountain as a lieutenant of Tennessee Volunteers. His great-grandfather James Veatch fought, was wounded, and died of his wounds in the American Revolution at the Battle of Camden. James Veatch was educated in common schools and under private tutors. He studied law and was admitted to the bar, establishing a private practice in Elizabethtown. He practiced for many years, and was the auditor of Spencer County, Indiana, from 1841 until 1855. He was serving as a state legislator when the Civil War began. Civil War service Veatch volunteered for service in the Union army and was appointed colonel of the 25th Regiment Indiana Infantry. He led the regiment at the battle of Fort Donelson and then took command of the 2nd Brigade in Stephen A. Hurlbut's division at the battle of Shiloh. Major John W. Foster noted that \"Colonel Veatch acted with great courage. He was always with his brigade in the thickest of the fight.\" On April 28, 1862, Veatch was appointed brigadier general of volunteers. He was still in command of his brigade during the siege of Corinth and the battle of Hatchie's Bridge where he was wounded. For the next year General Veatch commanded the District of Memphis. Veatch led the 4th Division of the XVI Corps during the Meridian Expedition. His division joined William T. Sherman's forces for the Atlanta Campaign and fought at the battles of Resaca, Dallas and Kennesaw Mountain. He went on sick leave on July 17, 1864, just prior to the Battle of Atlanta. When Veatch returned to active duty his former commander, Oliver O. Howard, instructed him to wait in Memphis for orders. He briefly commanded the District of West Tennessee before being assigned to the Department of the Gulf. There he assumed command of the 1st Division in Gordon Granger's XIII Corps and participated in the Battle of Fort Blakely. He was brevetted to major general of volunteers in March 1865 and resigned from the army in August of that year. Following is the report of the 1st Division's action during the Alabama Campaign and the Battle of Fort Blakely as submitted by General Veatch: Postbellum career After the war, Veatch became the Indiana Adjutant General in 1869, and was active in local veterans and fraternal organizations, including the Grand Army of the Republic and the Freemasons. He was the collector of internal revenue", "title": "James C. Veatch" }, { "docid": "71517519", "text": "Bloody April: The Battle of Shiloh, 1862 is a board wargame published by Simulations Publications Inc. (SPI) in 1979 that simulates the Battle of Shiloh during the American Civil War. A revised edition published in 2022 by GMT Games became the 8th installment of the ongoing \"Great Battles of the American Civil War\" series. Background In April 1862, General Ulysses S. Grant moved the Union Army of the Tennessee deep into Confederate territory near Pittsburg Landing in southern Tennessee. On 6 April 1962, Confederate General Albert Sidney Johnston commanding the Army of the Mississippi launched a surprise attack that caught Grant unawares, and threw the Union army back with heavy losses. After a day of heavy fighting in which General Johnston was killed, his second-in-command, P.G.T. Beauregard, faced a difficult decision: force his exhausted Confederate troops to try and finish off the Union army, or rest until the morning and hope that Union reinforcements would not arrive before then. Description Bloody April is a two-player \"monster\" tactical wargame (a game with more than 1000 counters) where one player controls the Union forces under Grant, and the other controls the Confederates under Johnston. Components The game includes: two 22\" x 34\" paper hex grid maps scaled at 115 yards mi (105 m) per hex 1200 double-sided die-cut counters 32-page rulebook Various charts and notes Gameplay Bloody April uses a revision of the game system that had originally been developed for SPI's American Civil War game Terrible Swift Sword (1976). In addition to the TSS rules that tracked morale and \"Brigade Combat Effectiveness\", players of Bloody April also have to track stragglers, the accumulation of soldier fatigue, ammunition, changing regimental assignments and strength of individual units. In addition to special rules for Union gunboats and ferries, night rules, special cavalry rules, and artillery rules, there are also optional rules for forest fires, weapons exchanges, friendly fire, and fire co-ordination. The game uses an alternating system of phases. The first player does the following phases: Union Alert Phase (Union pickets who have detected Confederate units move to alert Union soldiers. This phase is skipped once all Union forces have been alerted.) Picket and Patrol Phase (Hidden pickets are secretly moved along a pre-designated path. If they \"see\" advancing Confederates, they will attempt to alert Union soldiers next turn.) Initial Command Phase (Only units within a certain number of hexes of a Command unit may fully engage.) Movement Defensive Fire (non-phasing player) Offensive Fire (phasing player) Retreat Before Melee (non-phasing player only) Melee Phase (combat in the same hex as enemy) Final Command Segment (Attempt to rally routed units and recover stragglers) The second player then runs through the same phases, completing one game turn. Scenarios The game includes three historical scenarios The Confederate Attack The entire First Day of battle The entire two-day battle The game also provides several non-historical \"what if?\" scenarios. Publication history In 1976, Richard Berg designed Terrible Swift Sword (TSS) for SPI, a complex simulation of the Battle of", "title": "Bloody April: The Battle of Shiloh, 1862" }, { "docid": "2247964", "text": "Stephen Augustus Hurlbut (November 29, 1815 – March 27, 1882) was an attorney and politician, who commanded the U.S. Army of the Gulf in the American Civil War. Afterward, he continued to serve as a politician and also as a diplomat. Although born and educated in the South, his parents were from the North and his father was a Unitarian minister. After passing the bar, Hurlbut moved at the age of 30 to Illinois to set up a practice. There he married and had a family. When war broke out, he supported the Union and Republican Party. Hurlbut was present at the Battle of Shiloh and served under General Sherman during the Meridian Expedition. After the war, he returned to politics. He served in various capacities, being appointed as Minister to Colombia and elected as a U.S. congressman from Illinois. Early life Hurlbut was born in 1815 in Charleston, South Carolina, to Martin Luther Hurlbut and Lydia Bunce, who were from the North. His father was a Unitarian minister and educator. He had been president of Beaufort College in South Carolina from 1812 to 1814. Hurlbut studied law with James L. Petigru as his mentor, worked for him as a law clerk, and was admitted to the South Carolina Bar in 1837. During the Second Seminole War, he served as adjutant of a South Carolina infantry regiment. In 1845, Hurlbut moved north to Illinois, a free state. He established a law practice in Belvidere. He started his own family in 1847 after marrying Sophronia R. Stevens; they had two children together. In 1847, Hurlbut took part in the Illinois constitutional convention as a Whig delegate. He served as a presidential elector for the Whig Party in the 1848 presidential election, and became acquainted with Abraham Lincoln during campaigning for Old Rough and Ready Zachary Taylor. He was elected to the Illinois House of Representatives in 1859 and re-elected in 1861. Hurlbut campaigned for Lincoln during the presidential election in 1860 and attended Lincoln's first inauguration on March 4, 1861. He and Colonel Ward H. Lamon performed a fact-finding mission at Lincoln's request, and visited Charleston on March 24–26, 1861, to investigate and report, \"the actual state of feeling in this City & State.\" Lamon received a separate assignment from William H. Seward to visit Fort Sumter. On March 27, 1861, Hurlbut wrote a detailed report in which he stated, Civil War When the Civil War erupted, Hurlbut joined the Union Army. He was commissioned as a brigadier general, U.S. Volunteers, on May 17, 1861, and a major general on September 17, 1862. He commanded the 4th Division, Army of the Tennessee at the Battle of Shiloh, and in the advance towards Corinth and the subsequent siege. He also led a division at the Battle of Hatchie's Bridge, taking command of the entire Union force after Gen Edward Ord was wounded. Hurlbut commanded XVI Corps from his headquarters at Memphis, Tennessee. Historian Bertram Korn has suggested that, during Hurlbut's garrison duty", "title": "Stephen A. Hurlbut" }, { "docid": "751535", "text": "USS Tyler was originally a merchant ship named A. O. Tyler, a commercial side-wheel steamboat with twin stacks and covered paddles positioned aft. Constructed in Cincinnati, Ohio in 1857, it was acquired by the United States Navy, 5 June 1861 for service in the American Civil War and converted into the gunboat USS Tyler on 5 June 1861. She was commissioned in September 1861. She was protected with thick wooden bulwarks. Before military acquisition Just four days after Mississippi's secession, on the evening of 13 January 1861, the steamboat was fired upon by cannon used by militia defending Vicksburg. On the Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers Tyler served in the Western Flotilla from June 1861 to 1 October 1862, fighting for the Mississippi River. Soon after being commissioned, Tyler participated in the attack on the Confederate forces in Hickman and Columbus in Kentucky, doing battle with the CSS Jackson. In November 1861, Tyler escorted troops transports for an assault on Belmont, Missouri. Along with , Tyler bombarded Columbus until forced by a Confederate counterattack to cover the withdrawal of the Union troops. In February 1862, Tyler assisted in General Ulysses S. Grant's advance up the Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers, helping in the capture of Fort Henry and Fort Donelson, securing western Kentucky for Federal forces. Between assaults on the two forts, Tyler joined and Lexington moving along the Tennessee River, destroying an important railroad bridge and capturing three Confederate gunboats, most notably the CSS Eastport which was converted into an ironclad for Union service. After participating in the two-day action which culminated in the surrender of Fort Donelson, Tyler resumed operations on the Tennessee River in support of Grant's advance southward along the river's banks through western Tennessee. In the Battle of Shiloh, when Confederate forces under General Albert Sydney Johnston surprised Grant's troops in southwestern Tennessee near Pittsburg Landing and began pushing them back into the river, Tyler and Lexington brought their guns to bear when the Confederates attempted to protect their right flank by anchoring it on the river bank. The two ships delivered a devastating enfilading fire that forced the Southern right flank to fall back. Grant's troops took advantage of the withdrawal to mount a general advance supported by naval ordnance. Thus, victory ensued where debacle seemed imminent. Grant said of this battle, \"in this repulse much is due to the presence of the gunboats.\" The Mississippi and Vicksburg On 19 April 1862, Tyler moved farther south where she captured the Confederate transport Albert Robb and burned another Southern ship, Dunbar. After Shiloh and the capture of Island No. 10 on the Mississippi, the North shifted the emphasis of its war in the west to conquering that mighty river in an effort to divide the Confederacy in two. Fort Pillow fell on 4 June and Memphis, Tennessee fell on 6 June. Vicksburg, Mississippi was the next obstacle, and it took more than a year to remove it. Those efforts occupied Tyler intermittently for the ensuing 13 months.", "title": "USS Tyler" }, { "docid": "47219752", "text": "The Skirmish at Adamsville was a minor battle in the American Civil War that was fought between the Union army and the Confederate army in McNairy County, Tennessee, on April 1, 1862. The battle resulted in a Confederate victory. Shortly before the Battle of Shiloh in 1862, men under Union General Lew Wallace were stationed at Adamsville, Stoney Lonesome, and Crump's Landing in southwest Tennessee. On April 1, Lt. Charles H. Murray of the 5th Ohio Cavalry reported to Wallace that a skirmish near Adamsville ended in defeat for their Union detachment. Murray claimed that his forces were poorly armed and that they were outgunned by the Confederates. He also claimed that his men were very brave and stated that his men didn't flinch \"until they had emptied their carbines and pistols.” References External links http://tn.gov/tsla/cwsb/1862-03-Article-113-Page188.pdf https://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WMTZ7D_Adamsville_In_The_Civil_War_Adamsville_TN Adamsville Adamsville 1862 in the American Civil War 1862 in Tennessee April 1862 events McNairy County, Tennessee", "title": "Skirmish at Adamsville" }, { "docid": "46322977", "text": "Robert F. Looney (August 5, 1824 – November 19, 1899) was an American soldier, lawyer, and businessman. Elected colonel of the 38th Tennessee Regiment, Looney served in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War, fighting in the battle of Shiloh. After the war, Looney worked on the preservation commission for the Shiloh National Military Park, which had been established by Congress in December 1894. Early life and prewar career One of the twelve children of Abram and Elizabeth Looney, Robert Fain Looney was born in Maury County, Tennessee in 1824. In 1845, Looney was admitted to the bar and began practicing law in Columbia, Tennessee. Looney married Louisa M. Crofford in 1847 and the couple remained in Columbia until 1852, when they moved to Memphis. This marriage produced nine children. Civil War Despite his antebellum position as a Henry Clay Whig opposed to secession, Looney raised the 38th Tennessee regiment and led it through two years of campaigns in Tennessee and Georgia. Looney's service at the battle of Shiloh was especially notable. Raging in southwestern Tennessee from the dawn of April 6 through April 7, 1862, the battle of Shiloh christened the Western theater and resulted in more battle mortalities in two days than in all previous American wars combined. During this crucial conflict, Looney led a charge that captured at least 1000 prisoners, including Union General Benjamin M. Prentiss. Moreover, in the mid-afternoon of April 7, Looney led the 38th Tennessee on the final charge before the Confederate retreat. Looney and his regiment fought in numerous other engagements, including Perrysville, Murfreesboro, Farmington, and Corinth. On April 10, 1863, Looney was captured by Union troops outside of Wythe, Tennessee, where he was on an apparent Confederate recruiting mission. Looney returned to active combat until he surrendered at Oxford, Mississippi in 1865. Postwar life and the Shiloh National Military Park After the war, Looney returned to his Memphis law office, where he practiced until 1870. During the last few decades of the nineteenth century, Robert F. Looney was an active member of the Democratic Party, delivering endorsement speeches on behalf of party candidates. Although Looney himself never ran for public office, he was a delegate to the Chicago National Democratic Convention in 1884, which nominated Cleveland for the presidency. From 1895 until his death in 1899, Looney served on the commission for the Shiloh National Military Park, which had been established by Congress on December 27, 1894. Appointed by Secretary of War Daniel S. Lamont to represent the Army of Mississippi, Looney worked alongside fellow ex-Confederate Captain James W. Irwin as well as former adversaries, including Union Colonel Cornelius Cadle, General Don Carlos Buell, and Major David W. Reed. This commission convened on April 2, 1895 and worked to mark where the major skirmishes occurred on the battlefield and to construct monuments in memory of both the Union and Confederate soldiers. On November 19, 1899, Looney died in his Memphis home. He is buried in Elmwood Cemetery in Memphis, Tennessee.", "title": "Robert F. Looney" }, { "docid": "487632", "text": "The Army of the Tennessee was a Union army in the Western Theater of the American Civil War, named for the Tennessee River. A 2005 study of the army states that it \"was present at most of the great battles that became turning points of the war—Fort Donelson, Vicksburg, and Atlanta\" and \"won the decisive battles in the decisive theater of the war.\" It appears that the term \"Army of the Tennessee\" was first used within the Union Army in March 1862, to describe Union forces perhaps more properly described as the \"Army of West Tennessee\"; these were the troops under the command of Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant in the Union's District of West Tennessee. This article also covers Grant's 1861–1862 commands – the District of Southeast Missouri and the District of Cairo – because the troops Grant led in the Battle of Belmont and the Henry-Donelson campaign during that period became the nucleus of the Army of the Tennessee. In April 1862, Grant's troops survived a severe test in the bloody Battle of Shiloh. Then, during six months marked by discouragement and anxiety for Grant, his army first joined with two other Union armies to prosecute the relatively bloodless Siege of Corinth and then strained to hold Union positions in Tennessee and Mississippi. In October 1862, Grant's command was reconfigured and elevated to departmental status, as the Department of the Tennessee; the title of his command was thus officially aligned with that of his army. Grant commanded these forces until after his critically important victory at Vicksburg on July 4, 1863. Under other generals, starting with William Tecumseh Sherman, the army marched and fought from the Chattanooga Campaign, through the Relief of Knoxville, the Meridian Campaign, the Atlanta Campaign, the March to the Sea, the Carolinas Campaign, and to the end of the war and disbandment. In 1867, apparently speaking of the Atlanta campaign, General Sherman said that the Army of the Tennessee was \"never checked—always victorious; so rapid in motion—so eager to strike; it deserved its name of the 'Whip-lash,' swung from one flank to the other, as danger called, night or day, sunshine or storm.\" History History remembers the Army of the Tennessee as one of the most important Union armies during the Civil War, an army intimately associated with the Union's two most celebrated generals, Ulysses S. Grant and William Tecumseh Sherman. It is thus rather ironic that frequent military reorganizations and looseness of usage during the war itself make it difficult to pinpoint the exact date at which this army formally came into existence. It should suffice to note that the \"nucleus [of troops] around which was to gather the... Army of the Tennessee\" first took shape in 1861–1862, while Grant was headquartered at Cairo, Illinois. Those troops continued under Grant in his next command, the distinct District of West Tennessee; they were then sometimes, and perhaps most appropriately, called the \"Army of West Tennessee.\" However, army correspondence began using the term \"Army of", "title": "Army of the Tennessee" }, { "docid": "20814970", "text": "Augustus Louis Chetlain (December 26, 1824 – March 15, 1914) was a United States Army soldier who was the first man in Illinois to volunteer at the outbreak of the American Civil War. He served as a Union Army general. Early life and career Chetlain was born in St. Louis, Missouri. His parents were Swiss, and they came to the United States by the way of Canada. As an infant, he was taken to Galena, Illinois. He studied at local schools in Galena and later became a clerk. In 1852, he started a career in business, and by 1859, he had become wealthy. He sold his business in the U.S. and traveled in Europe. Upon returning, Chetlain participated in the 1860 presidential campaign. Civil War service When the American Civil War began in 1861, Chetlain chose to follow the Union cause. He was said to have been the first man in Illinois to volunteer for the Civil War. On April 16, he was part of a meeting held in Galena to raise a volunteer company and, with Ulysses S. Grant, was prominent in its creation. When Grant declined the post, he suggested for Chetlain to be elected as the company's captain. In Springfield in late April the 12th Illinois Infantry was organized, and Chetlain's company was added to it. On May 2 he entered the Union Army as captain of the 12th Illinois, and the next day, he was elected the regiment's lieutenant colonel. Shortly afterward, the 12th Illinois was ordered to Cairo, Illinois, and that September, it was part of the force used by Grant in the expedition against and capture of Paducah. Chetlain was then given command of Smithland, Kentucky, where he constructed fortifications to defend part of the Cumberland River. In January 1862, he rejoined his regiment, led it during the expedition up the Tennessee River, was at the capture of Fort Henry on February 6, and led his command during the Battle of Fort Donelson from February 12 to 16. On April 6, 1862, Chetlain led his regiment with distinction during the Battle of Shiloh in which he lost about a quarter of his men, and he was wounded when his face and his chest were seriously bruised. On April 27, he was promoted to colonel for gallantry during the action at Fort Donelson. In May, his command participated in the Siege of Corinth and then the battle there on October 3 and 4 during which Chetlain was again highly praised for his performance. Chetlain was then given command of Corinth, Mississippi, where he began to organize and train black soldiers for Union Army service. This assignment lasted until May 1863, and on December 18, he was promoted to the rank of brigadier general. On the advice of Grant, Chetlain was given the task of raising black troops in Tennessee and in Kentucky, with his headquarters located in Memphis. By October 1864, he had trained a force of about 17,000 men, who were \"well armed, drilled,", "title": "Augustus Louis Chetlain" }, { "docid": "75886487", "text": "Charles H. McCleary (1842 – June 23, 1906) was a Union Army soldier who received the Medal of Honor, his country's highest military award for valor, for his actions during the American Civil War. Biography Born in Sandusky County, Ohio, in 1842, McCleary enlisted as a private in the Union Army at Clyde, Ohio, in November 1861. He rose to the rank of sergeant-major in February 1863 and second lieutenant in April 1864. He fought at the Battle of Shiloh and Siege of Vicksburg and became first lieutenant of Company C, 72nd Ohio Infantry Regiment, in November 1864. On December 16, 1864, at the Battle of Nashville, McCleary led his company to attack Compton's Hill, later known as Shy's Hill, a key entrenched Confederate position outside Nashville, Tennessee. Union attackers, including McCleary's troops, fixed bayonets, scaled the hillside, and advanced on Confederate positions in silence to achieve surprise. McCleary dashed out ahead of his troops, braving Confederate artillery fire, and personally captured the flag of the 4th Florida Infantry Regiment. The Confederates broke and fled, and the Union won a decisive victory. General George Henry Thomas sent McCleary to Washington, D.C., where he and other officers presented captured Confederate flags to Secretary of War Edwin Stanton. McCleary next met with President Abraham Lincoln, who granted him the \"freedom of the city\" and a thirty-day furlough, in the course of which the studio of Mathew Brady took McCleary's photograph. On February 24, 1865, the United States Congress awarded McCleary the Medal of Honor. Promoted to captain in May 1865, he mustered out with his regiment on September 11, 1865, and returned to civilian life. McCleary married Clarissa Brown and had at least one child, a daughter named Hallie McCleary. Sometime after the Civil War, he served as postmaster of his hometown of Clyde, Ohio. He died on June 23, 1906, and was buried at McPherson Cemetery in Clyde. References 1842 births 1906 deaths American Civil War recipients of the Medal of Honor Military personnel from Ohio People from Clyde, Ohio People from Sandusky County, Ohio People of Ohio in the American Civil War United States Army Medal of Honor recipients Union Army officers", "title": "Charles H. McCleary" }, { "docid": "13817186", "text": "The Battle of Anderson was a minor skirmish during the American Civil War, fought in Anderson County, South Carolina, on May 1, 1865. The battle was one of the final conflicts of the war, taking place three weeks after Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House. The exact location of the battle is unknown, but it definitely took place in Anderson county. Some historians believe the battle took place near the now I-85 and the Shiloh Methodist Church in the Piedmont area. The battle is reenacted every April. By 2020, it has been re-enacted 17 times. Battle Prelude On April 27, Union General George Stoneman ordered three brigades, totaling 3,700 men, to march from Asheville down the Saluda River to Belton or Anderson, and finally to head to Augusta in search of Confederate president Jefferson Davis. After Stoneman gave those orders, he returned to his headquarters in Knoxville. He left behind some units under the command of Simeon B. Brown. Fighting On May 1, the Union forces arrived in Anderson County. After the Union army arrived, they looted homes and businesses from Pendleton to Anderson. They looted and disposed of 300 bottles of wine. While in Anderson, Union soldiers killed a teenager named William McKenzie Parker after he pointed his gun at the soldiers. The Union army also hung two men: Henry Winthrop and A.P Carter. Later that day, a group of Confederate cadets from the South Carolina Military Academy attacked the Union forces. The Confederates repulsed a small group of Union soldiers who were intending to burn down a railroad bridge on the Saluda River. Meanwhile, some Union cavalry were attacked by a group of Confederate soldiers from Pendleton. Due to the Confederate victory, a man named Daniel Brown, who was being executed by the Union army, was rescued. Aftermath On May 2, the Union army publicly tortured three men, hoping that they could reveal the location of rumored Confederate gold. Also on May 2, another group of 2,050 Union soldiers arrived. However, the Union Army in Anderson was unable to capture Jefferson Davis. Davis had surrendered earlier, and was captured in Georgia on May 10. References External links Battle of Anderson Anderson, South Carolina 1865 in South Carolina Battles of the American Civil War in South Carolina Battles of the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War Inconclusive battles of the American Civil War 1865 in the American Civil War May 1865 events", "title": "Battle of Anderson" }, { "docid": "20657890", "text": "Charles Carroll Walcutt (February 12, 1838 – May 2, 1898) was an American surveyor, soldier, and politician, and a maternal cousin to Davy Crockett. He served as a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War, in which he was wounded twice. After the war, Walcutt was warden of the Ohio State Penitentiary and also was active in civic affairs in Ohio, and his death was attributed to his wounds from the Civil War. Early life and career Charles Carroll Walcutt was born in 1838 in the city of Columbus. He was a son of John M. Walcutt, a chair maker, and Mariel Broderick, and had three sisters, one of whom was named Virginia. Walcutt's maternal grandmother was also a first cousin of Davy Crockett. Both his father (War of 1812) and grandfather (American Revolution) had served the United States in combat. Walcutt received his initial education in the Columbus-area schools, and then in 1854 entered the Kentucky Military Institute in Lyndon, Kentucky. He graduated in June 1858, intending to become a civil engineer, and he was elected Franklin County's surveyor the following year. Walcutt married Phebe Neill in 1860. She was born in Belfast, Ireland, and was a daughter of Hugh Neill, who had served as an officer in the British Army. The couple had three children together, sons named J. Macy, Sherman, and Charles Carroll Jr. Charles Walcutt Jr. was a career Army officer and attained the rank of brigadier general as head of the Bureau of Insular Affairs. Civil War service When the American Civil War began in 1861, Walcutt chose to follow his home state and the Union cause. On April 15 he organized a company of soldiers in Columbus, was appointed its captain on April 17, and went into camp with them the next day. However, Ohio's quota had already been met and Walcutt's company was rejected for Federal use. That June he was appointed a major in the state forces and served on the staff of Ohio Militia Brig. Gen. Charles W. Hill in what is now West Virginia. That fall Walcutt helped raise and train the 46th Ohio Infantry. He was appointed to the Union Army as a major in that regiment on October 1, and was promoted to lieutenant colonel on January 30, 1862. Walcutt reported to Paducah, Kentucky, for duty that February, and in March he went with the army up the Tennessee River. The 46th Ohio saw its first combat on April 6 during the Battle of Shiloh. In this fight Walcutt was hit in his left shoulder, and the bullet remained there for the rest of his life. Walcutt was promoted to colonel on October 16, 1862, and given command of the 46th Ohio. He led his regiment in the Vicksburg Campaign in Mississippi from December 1862 until July 1863. During the campaign, Walcutt fought in the Union victory at the Battle of Jackson on May 14. He then fought with distinction in the Battle of Missionary", "title": "Charles C. Walcutt" }, { "docid": "11882073", "text": "The 17th Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. Service The 17th Illinois Infantry was organized at Peoria, Illinois, and mustered into Federal service at Peoria, Illinois, on May 24, 1861, for three years service. The 17th Illinois Volunteers fought at the bloody Battle of Shiloh in Hardin County, Tennessee, in April 1862, with 130 members of the regiment killed and wounded in the two-day battle. This unit also participated in the last phase of the 1863 Siege of Vicksburg in Warren County, Mississippi, a protracted battle which ultimately led to the surrender of over 29,000 Confederate troops. The regiment was mustered out of service on June 4, 1864, upon expiration of its term of enlistment and its recruits and veterans were transferred to the 8th Illinois. Total strength and casualties The regiment suffered 3 officers and 71 enlisted men who were killed in action or who died of their wounds and 1 officer and 71 enlisted men who died of disease, for a total of 146 fatalities. Commanders Colonel Leonard Fulton Ross - promoted to brigadier general on April 25, 1862. Colonel Addison S. Norton - resigned July 9, 1863. Lieutenant Colonel Enos P. Wood - commanded regiment then brigade at Shiloh, resigned 19 April 1862 Lieutenant Colonel Francis Smith - Notable Members James Earp See also List of Illinois Civil War Units Illinois in the American Civil War Footnotes External links The Civil War Archive Units and formations of the Union Army from Illinois 1861 establishments in Illinois Military units and formations established in 1861 Military units and formations disestablished in 1864", "title": "17th Illinois Infantry Regiment" }, { "docid": "32408550", "text": "Tyree Harris Bell (September 5, 1815 – August 30, 1902) was a Confederate States Army brigadier general, during the American Civil War. As lieutenant colonel Bell commanded the 12th Tennessee Volunteer Infantry Regiment and was severely wounded at the Battle of Shiloh. He led his regiment in the invasion of Kentucky and the Battle of Richmond. Later Bell commanded a cavalry regiment and then a brigade under Major General Nathan Bedford Forrest. As one of Forrest's trusted lieutenants, he fought in several raids and battles during the last two years of the war. Bell's force successfully covered the Army of Tennessee's retreat after the Battle of Nashville, but Bell was again seriously wounded and lost his right eye. After receiving consistent praise from his superior officers Bell was promoted to brigadier general on February 28, 1865. At the end of the war he participated in the Battle of Selma and ultimately surrendered with Forrest's command. Ten years after the Civil War, Bell moved from Tennessee to Fresno County, California, and became a successful farmer. Early life Tyree H. Bell was born on September 5, 1815, in Covington, Kentucky, the son of Absalom B. Bell and Susannah Harris. He grew up on his father's small plantation at Gallatin, Tennessee. He was educated in rural schools. Bell became a planter on his own plantation in Sumner County, Tennessee. Bell married Mary Ann Walton on December 2, 1841. Tyree and Mary Ann Bell had nine children. American Civil War When the American Civil War started, Bell raised a company of infantry, the \"Newbern Blues\" which became Company G (later A) for the 12th Tennessee Infantry Regiment of the Confederate States Army. He was elected its captain, June 4, 1861. The regiment moved to Columbus, Kentucky in September 1861 and spending the summer in Jackson, Tennessee and Union City, Tennessee. Bell soon became lieutenant colonel of the 12th Tennessee Infantry Regiment and commanded it at the Battle of Belmont because Colonel Robert Milton Russell was in command of a brigade. With Russell again in command of a brigade, Bell led the regiment the Battle of Shiloh, where he was wounded in the leg by the fall of his horse, one of two shot from under him during the battle, and also suffered a serious bullet wound. After only six weeks of recovery after being wounded at Shiloh, Bell returned was promoted to colonel of the 12th Tennessee Infantry Regiment in May 1862. He continued as colonel of the consolidated 12th Tennessee Infantry and 22nd Tennessee Infantry when the regiments were combined on June 17, 1862. Bell led the regiment in the Confederate invasion of Kentucky and the Battle of Richmond, and operations around Corinth, Mississippi. After this service, Bell's consolidated regiment was further merged with the 47th Tennessee Volunteer Infantry Regiment on October 30, 1862. Bell became an supernumerary, or extra, officer. After some garrison duty at Shelbyville, Tennessee, Bell was assigned to recruiting duty for Major General Nathan Bedford Forrest's cavalry. In Spring,", "title": "Tyree H. Bell" }, { "docid": "16274057", "text": "The Battle of Booneville was fought on July 1, 1862, in Booneville, Mississippi, during the American Civil War. It occurred in the aftermath of the Union victory at the Battle of Shiloh and within the context of Confederate General Braxton Bragg's efforts to recapture the rail junction at Corinth, Mississippi, north of Booneville. Battle After the Union Army victory at Shiloh, Maj. Gen. Henry W. Halleck moved his forces slowly toward Corinth, an important rail center. By May 25, 1862, after traveling in three weeks, Halleck was positioned to lay siege to the town. But on May 29, the Confederate forces under General P.G.T. Beauregard slipped away undetected and moved toward Tupelo, Mississippi. In late June, Halleck ordered his forces south and learned that the Confederates, by then under Bragg, were advancing toward Corinth. The 31-year-old Union Col. Philip Sheridan established a fortified position to the south at Booneville on June 28 to await the Confederate attack. Lead elements of 4,700 troops under the Confederate Brig. Gen. James R. Chalmers, who was also 31 years old, encountered Sheridan's pickets on the morning of July 1, three and to the southwest of Corinth. The pickets fell back and established a sound defensive line at the intersection of the roads from Tupelo and Saltillo. Aided by the superiority of their new Colt revolving rifles, the line withstood the initial Confederate assault before withdrawing to a backup position closer to the town. Chalmers' effort to turn the left flank of this new line was thwarted when Sheridan's main force joined the battle. The bulk of the Union force stayed on the defensive while Sheridan ordered Lt. Col. Edward Hatch in command of the 2nd Iowa Cavalry to select two companies of the 2nd Michigan Cavalry under Capt. Russell Alexander Alger and company \"B\" and company \"F\" of the 2nd Iowa Cavalry to circle around the enemy in secret and attack the rear of Chalmers' forces with saber and pistol while the remainder of the dismounted 2nd Michigan Cavalry and 2nd Iowa Cavalry attacked the Confederate forces from the front. The cavalry forces pushed Chalmers to retreat and Sheridan called off the pursuit after , when his fatigued troops encountered swampy terrain. Aftermath Sheridan estimated that Chalmers lost 65 troops killed in the battle; Federal casualties were one dead, 24 wounded, and 16 missing. Due to the battle, Bragg delayed his offensive strategy for Corinth, allowing Halleck additional time to unite his troops. References Eldridge, David P., \"Battle of Booneville, Mississippi (1 July 1862)\", Encyclopedia of the American Civil War: A Political, Social, and Military History, Heidler, David S., and Heidler, Jeanne T., eds., W. W. Norton & Company, 2000, . Lyftogt, Kenneth L., \"Iowa and the Civil War Volume 2: From Iuka to the Red River 1862-1864\", p 168-170, Camp Pope Publishing, 2020, . External links Civil War Album Prentiss County, Mississippi Booneville Booneville Booneville 1862 in the American Civil War July 1862 events", "title": "Battle of Booneville" }, { "docid": "42515326", "text": "Julius Raith (March 29, 1819 – April 11, 1862) was a German-American military officer who served in the American Civil War and the Mexican–American War. He was mortally wounded at the Battle of Shiloh. Born in Göttingen, Hanover, Raith came to the United States in 1836 with his family, settling in St. Clair County, Illinois. During the Mexican–American War, he led a company of 2nd Illinois Volunteers. When the Civil War broke out, he helped Gustave Koerner organize a German regiment. During the Battle of Shiloh, he led a brigade in General McClernand's division composed of his own regiment, the 43rd Illinois along with the 17th Illinois, the 29th Illinois, and the 49th Illinois. The actual commanding officer was Colonel Leonard Fulton Ross, who was absent, leaving Colonel James S. Reardon in charge; however, Reardon was ill. Raith was wounded by a minie ball in the leg above the knee and laid on the battlefield for 24 hours. He died of tetanus from his injuries. References See also Latin Settlement German Americans in the Civil War Battle of Shiloh 1819 births 1862 deaths People of Illinois in the American Civil War Emigrants from the Kingdom of Hanover to the United States Union Army colonels United States Army officers American military personnel of the Mexican–American War Union military personnel killed in the American Civil War Deaths from tetanus", "title": "Julius Raith" }, { "docid": "34971740", "text": "Sanders Dewees Bruce (1825–1902) was a Union Army colonel during the American Civil War and an expert on horse breeding. He authored the American Stud Book and The Horse-breeder's Guide and Handbook. Early life Bruce was born on August 16, 1825, in Lexington, Kentucky. His father, John Bruce, was native to England and was believed to be a direct descendant of Robert the Bruce. His sister, Rebecca Bruce, married John Hunt Morgan a future Confederate cavalry officer. Sanders Bruce was a graduate of Transylvania University in 1846 and afterward went into the mercantile business. In response to John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry, state militias were bolstered to deal with similar uprisings. Bruce was commissioned captain of the Lexington Chasseurs in the Kentucky State Militia under the direction of Simon B. Buckner as Inspector General. Civil War Bruce chose to fight for the Union during the Civil War despite his ties to such future Confederates as Morgan and Buckner. When Buckner sided with the Confederates, Bruce assumed responsibilities as Inspector General of the Kentucky Militia in 1861. He became colonel of the 20th Regiment Kentucky Volunteer Infantry which was mustered into Federal service on January 6, 1862. In February, he assumed command of the 22nd Brigade in General William \"Bull\" Nelson's 4th Division of the Army of the Ohio. Bruce led his brigade in the march to reinforce Ulysses S. Grant's army at Pittsburg Landing during the Battle of Shiloh. Nelson's division was the first unit of the Army of the Ohio to reach the battlefield. On April 7, Bruce's brigade attacked through the Wicker Field and beyond Bloody Pond. His brigade was then stalled by Confederate counterattack in the Sarah Bell Field heightening tensions between him and General Nelson. When the Confederates retreated in general, Bruce's brigade advanced to the south end of the peach orchard where it remained as the battle ended. Following the battle of Shiloh, Bruce suffered a stroke which forced him to relinquish field command. He served as post commander of Bowling Green, Kentucky, and Clarksville, Tennessee. He later served as Provost Marshal of Lexington, Kentucky, and commanded an infantry brigade under Jeremiah T. Boyle on garrison duty in Kentucky. Colonel Bruce resigned from Federal service on June 24, 1864. Post-war career Bruce moved to New York City where he used his expertise and knowledge of horse breeding to begin publication The Turf, Field and Farm, a periodical devoted to turf and field sports. He also became a member of the Coney Island Jockey Club. Bruce continued to write extensively on horse breeding. Among his works on this subject were American Stud Book and The Horse-breeder's Guide and Handbook. Sanders Bruce died in New York City on January 31, 1902. References 1825 births 1902 deaths American racehorse owners and breeders Writers from Lexington, Kentucky People of Kentucky in the American Civil War Transylvania University alumni Union Army colonels", "title": "Sanders D. Bruce" }, { "docid": "34785", "text": "Events January–March January 1 – The United Kingdom annexes Lagos Island, in modern-day Nigeria. January 6 – French intervention in Mexico: French, Spanish and British forces arrive in Veracruz, Mexico. January 16 – Hartley Colliery disaster in north-east England: 204 men are trapped and die underground, when the only shaft becomes blocked. January 30 – American Civil War: The first U.S. ironclad warship, , is launched in Brooklyn. January 31 – Alvan Graham Clark makes the first observation of Sirius B, a white dwarf star, through an eighteen-inch telescope at Northwestern University in Illinois. February 1 – American Civil War: Julia Ward Howe's \"Battle Hymn of the Republic\" is published for the first time in the Atlantic Monthly. February 2 – The first railway is opened in New Zealand, by the Dun Mountain Copper Mining Company. February 6 – American Civil War: General Ulysses S. Grant gives the Union Army its first victory of the war, by capturing Fort Henry, Tennessee. February 11–16 – American Civil War: Battle of Fort Donelson – General Ulysses S. Grant attacks Fort Donelson, Tennessee, capturing it on the last day. February 21 – American Civil War: Battle of Valverde – Confederate forces defeat Union troops near Fort Craig in New Mexico Territory: February 22 – American Civil War: Jefferson Davis is officially inaugurated in Richmond, Virginia, to a six-year term as president of the Confederate States. March 6 – An ammunition warehouse explosion in San Andres Chalchicomula, Mexico, kills between 1,400 and 2,280 during the Second French intervention in Mexico. March 7 – American Civil War: Battle of Pea Ridge – The Confederates are shut out of Missouri. March 8 – American Civil War: Ironclad (formerly USS Merrimack) is launched at Hampton Roads, Virginia; the Battle of Hampton Roads starts the same day. March 13 American Civil War: The U.S. federal government forbids all Union army officers from returning fugitive slaves, thus effectively annulling the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, and setting the stage for the Emancipation Proclamation. A smallpox epidemic in San Francisco spreads to British Columbia. March 17 – The first railway line in Finland, between the cities of Helsinki and Hämeenlinna, is officially opened. March 26–28 – American Civil War: Battle of Glorieta Pass – In New Mexico, Union forces succeed in stopping the Confederate invasion of New Mexico Territory. March 31 – Victor Hugo's epic French historical novel Les Misérables begins publication in Brussels. April–June April 1 – Second French intervention in Mexico: The Spanish and the British end their alliance with France. April 5 – American Civil War: Battle of Yorktown – The battle begins when Union Army forces under General George B. McClellan close in on the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia. April 6–7– American Civil War: Battle of Shiloh – The Union Army, under General Ulysses S. Grant, defeats the Confederates near Shiloh, Tennessee. April 12 – American Civil War: Great Locomotive Chase (Andrews' Raid) – Union volunteers steal Confederate steam railroad locomotive The General (which will", "title": "1862" }, { "docid": "881560", "text": "Shiloh National Military Park preserves the American Civil War Shiloh and Corinth battlefields. The main section of the park is in the unincorporated town of Shiloh, about nine miles (14 km) south of Savannah, Tennessee, with an additional area located in the city of Corinth, Mississippi, 23 miles (37 km) southwest of Shiloh. The Battle of Shiloh (April 6–7, 1862) began a six-month struggle for the key railroad junction at Corinth. Afterward, Union forces marched from Pittsburg Landing to take Corinth in a May siege, then withstood an October Confederate counter-attack. The visitor center provides exhibitions, films and a self-guided auto-tour. Shiloh battlefield The Battle of Shiloh was one of the first major battles in the Western Theater of the American Civil War. The two-day battle, April 6–7, 1862, involved about 65,000 Union troops under Ulysses S. Grant and Don Carlos Buell and 44,000 Confederates under Albert Sidney Johnston (killed in the battle) and P.G.T. Beauregard. The battle resulted in nearly 24,000 killed, wounded, and missing. The two days of fighting did not end in a decisive tactical victory for either side—the Union held the battlefield but failed to pursue the withdrawing Confederate forces. However, it was a decisive strategic defeat for the Confederate forces that had massed to oppose Grant's and Buell's invasion through Tennessee. After the Battle of Shiloh, the Union forces proceeded to capture Corinth and the critical railroad junction there. The battlefield is named after Shiloh Methodist Church, a small log church near Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee. Pittsburg Landing is the point on the Tennessee River where the Union forces landed for the battle; they referred to the battle as \"The Battle of Pittsburg Landing\". Park information Total area: 3,997 acres (16.18 km2) Federal area: 3,942 acres (15.95 km2) Nonfederal area: 55 acres (0.22 km2) The Shiloh National Military Park was established on December 27, 1894. In 1904, Basil Wilson Duke was appointed commissioner of Shiloh National Military Park by President Theodore Roosevelt. There were requests of local farmers who had grown tired of their pigs rooting up the remains of soldiers that had fallen during the battle, insisting that the federal government do something about it. The park was transferred from the War Department to the National Park Service on August 10, 1933. As with all historic areas administered by the National Park Service, the military park was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 15, 1966. On September 22, 2000, sites associated with the Corinth battlefield (see First and Second Battles of Corinth) were added to the park. The Siege and Battle of Corinth Sites was designated a National Historic Landmark on May 6, 1991. The National Park Travelers Club held its 2013 convention at Shiloh. As of late 2021, the American Battlefield Trust and its federal, state and local partners have acquired and preserved of the battlefield in more than 25 different transactions since 2001. Most of this land has been sold or conveyed to the National Park Service and incorporated", "title": "Shiloh National Military Park" }, { "docid": "44869567", "text": "The Battle of Coffeeville, fought December 5, 1862, was a military engagement of the American Civil War fought near Coffeeville, Mississippi. Background By November 1862, Northern Mississippi was securely in the hands of the Union army after key, yet costly, wins at Shiloh, Iuka, and Corinth. General Ulysses S. Grant began the Mississippi Central Railroad Campaign, an overland push (following the main rail line through the heart of Mississippi, capturing the towns and rail along the way) into Mississippi with the goal of capturing Vicksburg in conjunction with General William Tecumseh Sherman, who would follow the river route South. After being defeated at the Battle of Corinth, Major General Earl Van Dorn's Confederate Army of West Tennessee was on the retreat. At the battle of Hatchie's Bridge, Van Dorn successfully evaded the army's capture by the Union. The Confederate army kept falling back through Oxford and then Coffeeville, constantly skirmishing with pursuing Union cavalry, who were ahead of Grant's column. Order of battle Abbreviations used MG = Major General BG = Brigadier General Col = Colonel Ltc = Lieutenant Colonel Maj = Major Cpt = Captain Union Cavalry, Army of the Tennessee – Col Theophilus Lyle Dickey Confederate 1st Corps, Army of West Tennessee – MG Mansfield Lovell The battle Outside of Coffeeville, the Confederate command decided to ambush the harassing enemy cavalry. On December 5, under the command of Brigadier General Lloyd Tilghman, the men of Baldwin, Tilghman and Rust's brigades with artillery and support from W. H. Jackson's units, hid on a wooded ridge alongside the Water Valley-Coffeeville Road. Around 2:30 pm, the Union Cavalry (led by Colonel Theophilus Lyle Dickey) approached Coffeeville within one mile. When the Cavalry was within 50 yards of the Confederate positions, it was fired upon by artillery, followed by volleys of infantry fire. According to letters sent from James Thompson, a member of the Union cavalry, to his wife, Charlotte, James was positioned behind Colonel Dickey in the column. He states that during the charge, Colonel Dickey was shot three times and that one of the orderlies was shot four times. Thompson fell off of his horse and was held prisoner before attempting to escape on another horse, which the Confederates shot. He promptly found a third horse and made his escape \"without a scratch.\" After the skirmish, the Confederates pushed the Union Cavalry back about three miles to the head of Grant's column. The pursuit halted and the Confederates returned to the ambush site. The Union Cavalry retreated to Water Valley. The fighting lasted from around 4 pm until dark. The Battle of Coffeeville brought Grant's Mississippi invasion via Tennessee to a halt. He pulled his army back to Oxford. References 1862 in the American Civil War 1862 in Mississippi Confederate victories of the American Civil War Battles of the American Civil War in Mississippi December 1862 events Yalobusha County, Mississippi", "title": "Battle of Coffeeville" }, { "docid": "38509123", "text": "Trigg's Arkansas Battery (1861–1862) was a Confederate Army artillery battery during the American Civil War. the unit is also known as the Austin Artillery, Auston's Artillery, Austin's Artillery, and Company B, of Shoup's Artillery Battalion. This battery is distinguished from a later organization, the 9th Arkansas Field Battery, which was also commanded by Captain John T. Trigg. Organization John T. Trigg was an attorney, railroad agent and politician. His sister Frances married Edmund Burgevin, who became the Adjutant General of Arkansas in 1861. His half-brother was Arkansas Governor Henry Rector. He first entered service as an enlisted member of the Pulaski Light Artillery, a military battery from Little Rock. He was paid for service in the battery, April 20–30, 1861 when the battery was sent as part of a militia battalion led by Colonel Solon Borland to seize the Federal post at Fort Smith, Arkansas. The unit returned to Little Rock in time to fire the salute celebrating Arkansas's secession from the Union on May 6, 1861. Trigg received a Militia Commission as captain of a volunteer artillery company of the 13th Militia Regiment of Pulaski County on May 22, 1861. The other officers listed in the battery are: Hart Baswell 1st LT E. J. Thurston 2nd LT A. B. Trigg, 3rd LT. Trigg's Battery first moved to Pittman's Ferry, near Pocahontas, in northeast Arkansas. On July 14, 1861, Confederate Brigadier General William J. Hardee arrived in Little Rock to assume unified Confederate command in the state. The following day the state Military Board signed an \"Article of Transfer\", which provided that all state forces would be transferred on a voluntary basis to the command of the Confederate States of America. The Articles of Transfer included Major Francis A. Shoup's battalion of artillery; Company A, Captain A. W. Clarkson's Helena Light Artillery, Company B, Captain John T. Trigg's battery; and Company C, Captain George T. Hubbard's Jackson Light Artillery. Many Confederate artillery units seem to have begun the war named for the city or county that sponsored their organization. In the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, artillery units are most often referred to by the name of their battery commander. During the war, efforts were made to organize artillery units into battalions and regiments, but the battalions seldom functioned as a consolidated organization, in fact batteries were often broken out and fought as one or two gun sections. Shoup's battalion would be an exception to this rule. Service The battery, as part of Shoup's Battalion moved to central Kentucky with Hardee's forces. Major Shoup's battalion was associated with Brigadier General Patrick Cleburne's brigade when it moved into Kentucky and remained so until after the battle of Shiloh. The Battalion was in the retreat from Bowling Green to Corinth, Mississippi, following the fall of Forts Donelson and Henry. During the Battle of Shiloh, a.k.a. Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee, Sunday, April 6, 1862 – Monday, April 7, 1862, the battery, armed with two 6-pounder smoothbores and two 12-pounder howitzers was", "title": "Trigg's Arkansas Battery" }, { "docid": "69110286", "text": "On September 6, 1863, near Little Rock, Arkansas, a duel was fought between John S. Marmaduke and Lucius M. Walker, two generals in the Confederate States Army. Tension had risen between the two officers during the Battle of Helena on July 4, 1863, when Marmaduke accused Walker of not supporting his force, and then retaliated by not informing Walker of a Confederate retreat. Marmaduke was later assigned to serve under Walker during a Union advance against Little Rock. Walker did not support Marmaduke during a retreat after the Battle of Brownsville, and Marmaduke questioned Walker's courage after the Battle of Bayou Meto on August 27. A series of notes passed between the two generals by friends resulted in a duel, during which Marmaduke fatally wounded Walker. Marmaduke was arrested and charged with murder, but was soon released and later the charge was dropped. He survived the war and later became Governor of Missouri. Union forces captured Little Rock later in the campaign, after the Battle of Bayou Fourche. Background John S. Marmaduke was born near Arrow Rock, Missouri, in 1833. Educated at Yale and Harvard, he graduated from West Point in 1857, serving in the United States Army, including service in the Utah War, until he resigned in 1861 at the outbreak of the American Civil War. He then served in a pro-Confederate militia organization in Missouri, until he resigned to join the Confederate States Army after the Battle of Boonville, which was fought on June 17. After serving as a lieutenant colonel in an Arkansas unit, he was the colonel of the 3rd Confederate Infantry Regiment at the Battle of Shiloh, where he was wounded; this caused him to miss several months of combat. He was promoted to brigadier general on November 15, 1862. Marmaduke returned to fight in the Battle of Prairie Grove, and in 1863, led two raids into Missouri and fought at the Battle of Helena in Arkansas. Lucius M. Walker, a relative of President of the United States James Knox Polk, was born at Columbia, Tennessee, in 1829. He graduated from West Point in 1850, although he resigned his military commission in 1852 to enter commerce at Memphis, Tennessee. After entering Confederate service in 1861, he became lieutenant colonel of the 40th Tennessee Infantry Regiment before being promoted to its colonel on November 11, 1861. Serving at Memphis, he became a brigadier general; the promotion was backdated to March 11, 1862, for seniority purposes. After missing Shiloh due to illness, he served at the Siege of Corinth and the Battle of Farmington. Walker developed a poor relationship with Braxton Bragg, the commander of the Army of Tennessee, and Bragg did not trust Walker's generalship. He was transferred to the Trans-Mississippi Department, where he reported for duty in March 1863. He fought in the Battle of Helena, commanding a cavalry brigade. During the fighting at Helena on July 4, 1863, Walker's brigade was supposed to protect the left flank of Marmaduke's position. During the Confederate attacks,", "title": "Marmaduke–Walker duel" }, { "docid": "29148758", "text": "Charles Carroll Marsh was a Union Army officer during the American Civil War. He served with distinction early in the war at the battles of Fort Donelson and Shiloh. He is commonly referred to as \"C. Carrol Marsh\" in official reports. Early life Charles Carroll Marsh was born in Oswego, New York in 1829. In 1853 he moved to Chicago, Illinois to study law. The legal profession was too crowded for Marsh and his studies lasted only a year before pursuing other business ventures. He joined the Chicago Light Guard becoming captain in that organization. Civil War Early Battles Due to the reputation of the Chicago Light Guard, Marsh was called to Springfield, Illinois at the outset of the Civil War. Eager to offer his services, he responded quickly and was given command of the 20th Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment. Marsh and his command were transported to Cape Girardeau, Missouri and attached to Colonel Joseph B. Plummer's command at the Battle of Fredericktown. Fort Donelson Colonel Marsh and the 20th were stationed at Bird's Point, Missouri until joining Ulysses S. Grant's expedition to Fort Henry as a part of W. H. L. Wallace's 2nd Brigade in John A. McClernand's 1st Division. At the battle of Fort Donelson Marsh was positioned on the right of the Union lines. McClernand's entire division was hit hard during the Confederate breakout attempt on February 15. Despite being hard pressed Marsh managed a counterattack which momentarily checked Simon B. Buckner's division and saved an Illinois artillery battery from capture. Shiloh Following the victory at Fort Donelson, General Ulysses S. Grant was thrust into the public eye and at the same came under attack from department commander Henry W. Halleck. During this time Colonel Marsh and others presented Grant with an ivory-handled sword. Marsh took the occasion to publicly profess his confidence in General Grant and denounced the \"jealousy caused by his recent success\". He assumed command of the 2nd Brigade when recently promoted Brig. Gen. W.H.L. Wallace took command of the 2nd Division. On the morning of April 6, 1862 messengers managed to alert Colonel Abraham M. Hare of the 1st Brigade that a battle was underway but news of the fighting had not reached Marsh until a cannonball soared through his brigade's camp. Early in the fighting Marsh's brigade was forced into a disorderly retreat until he and General McClernand managed to rally units of the 1st Division behind Shiloh Church. Marsh then led a counterattack which managed to overrun a Confederate battery but proved costly. Once again Marsh was forced to withdraw his dwindling command. Around 5:00pm he made a final stand supported by remnants of three other brigades. On April 7 he led his brigade in recapturing lost ground in the vicinity of Shiloh Church where he had seen action the day before. Post Shiloh and Resignation Following the battle of Shiloh Marsh commanded his brigade until the beginning days of the Siege of Corinth and was transferred to command the 3rd", "title": "C. Carroll Marsh" }, { "docid": "32185653", "text": "The 1st Missouri Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. Originally commanded by Colonel John S. Bowen, the regiment fought at the Battle of Shiloh, where it was engaged near the Peach Orchard on April 6, 1862. On April 7, during the Union counterattacks at Shiloh, the regiment was instrumental in preventing the Washington Artillery from being captured. The regiment was next engaged at the Second Battle of Corinth, where it outflanked several Union positions. On the second day at Corinth, the regiment was only minimally engaged. On November 7, the 1st Missouri Infantry was combined with the 4th Missouri Infantry to form the 1st and 4th Missouri Infantry (Consolidated), as a result of heavy battle losses in both regiments. Organization The regiment was the first Missouri unit to officially enter the Confederate States Army. After recruiting efforts by Colonel John S. Bowen, who had been captured during the Camp Jackson affair, in early June 1861, the unit was officially mustered on June 22, near Memphis, Tennessee. Bowen was the regiment's first colonel, Lucius L. Rich was appointed the first lieutenant colonel, and Charles C. Campbell was the first major. Some of the men recruited were from outside of Missouri, including many from Memphis and New Orleans, Louisiana. Most of the Missourians were from St. Louis or the Missouri Bootheel area. The company organization at the date of organization was: Company A: New Orleans, Louisiana and St. Louis, Missouri. Commanded by J. Kemp Sprague Company B: St. Louis, Missouri. Commanded by Robert J. Duffy Company C: Memphis, Tennessee, and St. Louis, Missouri. Commanded by David Hirsch. Company D: St. Louis, Missouri. Commanded by Martin Burke Company E: Mississippi County, Missouri, New Madrid County, Missouri, and St. Louis, Missouri. Commanded by Olin F. Rice Company F: St. Louis, Missouri. Commanded by Hugh A. Garland Company G: Pemiscot County, Missouri. Commanded by John A. Gordon. Company H: New Madrid County, Missouri, and Pemiscot County, Missouri. Commanded by Tilford Hogan. Company I: New Madrid County, Missouri. Commanded by Thomas J. Phillips. Company K: Pemiscot County, Missouri. Commanded by John E. Averill. Service 1861 In August 1861, the regiment was transferred from the Memphis area to New Madrid, Missouri, where it was part of the force of Brigadier General Gideon Pillow. While at New Madrid, the regiment became known for its skill at drill. In September, the unit was again transferred, this time to Columbus, Kentucky. The regiment was issued weapons on September 23. In late December, the regiment was sent to Bowling Green, Kentucky. 1862 Shiloh After the Battle of Fort Donelson in early 1862, the regiment participated in the destruction of Confederate property during the abandonment of Nashville, Tennessee. The 1st Missouri then joined General Albert Sidney Johnston's Army of Mississippi. The regiment was stationed at Corinth, Mississippi, for some time. Bowen was promoted to brigadier general on March 14, and was replaced as regimental commander by Lieutenant Colonel Rich, who was", "title": "1st Missouri Infantry Regiment (Confederate)" }, { "docid": "20231286", "text": "John Herbert Kelly (March 31, 1840 – September 4, 1864) was, at the time of his promotion, the youngest brigadier general in the Confederate States Army. He became one of the youngest generals to die during the American Civil War, at the age of 24. His death occurred during an engagement at Franklin, Tennessee, on September 2, 1864, during Major General Joseph Wheeler's raid into Tennessee in August and early September 1864 in an attempt to destroy the railroad that Union Army Major General William Tecumseh Sherman was using to supply his force from Chattanooga, Tennessee, during the Atlanta Campaign. Early life and career John Herbert Kelly was born in 1840 to Isham Kelly and Elizabeth Herbert at their home in Carrollton, Alabama. Kelly's father died while in Cuba when John was four, and his mother died three years later. His grandmother Harriet Herbert Hawthorne took responsibility of the young orphan. When John was about seventeen he received an appointment to West Point through the help of his uncle, Congressman Philemon T. Herbert and another relative Congressman William W. Boyce. A few months before his graduation in 1861 his home state of Alabama seceded from the Union. Hearing the news Kelly left West Point and headed to Montgomery. Civil War service After arriving in Montgomery Kelly joined the Confederate Army with the rank of second lieutenant. He then was assigned to Fort Morgan where he would stay until the fall of 1861. During that time Kelly left Fort Morgan with Brig. Gen. William J. Hardee to Missouri. It was here that he was appointed captain and assistant adjutant general on Hardee's staff. In 1862 Kelly was appointed major of the 9th Arkansas Infantry Battalion, which he led into battle at Shiloh. One month later Kelly became colonel of the 8th Arkansas Infantry Regiment. In October of that year he fought at the Battle of Perryville. Later in 1862 he fought at the Battle of Murfreesboro where he was wounded. Kelly commanded a large brigade of men at Chickamauga consisting of the 5th Kentucky, 58th North Carolina, 63rd Virginia, and the 65th Georgia Infantry Regiments. He lost 300 men at Chickamauga within the one hour. Also during the battle while leading his troops Kelly had a horse shot out from under him. Because of his bravery at the Battle of Chickamauga generals Cleburne, Liddell, and Preston asked for a promotion for Kelly. General Cleburne told Confederate Secretary of War James Seddon of Kelly, \"I know no better officer of his grade in the service.\" On November 16, 1863, John Kelly was promoted to a brigadier general at age 23. Kelly's brigade was one of the key factors at the Battle of Pickett's Mill that lead to the Confederate victory. Capture and death In August and September 1864 Kelly's Brigade fought at Franklin, Tennessee, during Wheeler's raid on Sherman's railroad supply line. While leading a charge at a skirmish near Franklin on September 2, Kelly was shot in the chest by a", "title": "John H. Kelly" }, { "docid": "1615887", "text": "The Battle of Marmiton River, also known as Shiloh Creek or Charlot's Farm, occurred on October 25, 1864, in Vernon County, Missouri during the American Civil War. Major General Sterling Price of the Confederate States Army commenced an expedition into Missouri in September 1864, with hopes of challenging Union control of the state. After a defeat at the Battle of Westport on October 23, Price began to retreat south, and suffered a serious defeat at the Battle of Mine Creek early on October 25. The afternoon of the 25th, Price's wagon train became stalled at the crossing of the Marmaton River in western Missouri. A delaying force led by Brigadier General Joseph O. Shelby attempted to hold off Union cavalry commanded by Brigadier General John McNeil and Lieutenant Colonel Frederick W. Benteen. Shelby was unable to drive off the Union force, although fatigue of the Union cavalry's horses prevented close-quarters action. At nightfall, the Confederates disengaged and destroyed much of their wagon train. Price was again defeated on October 28 at the Second Battle of Newtonia, and the Confederate retreat continued until the survivors reached Texas in early December. Background In early September 1864, during the American Civil War, Major General Sterling Price of the Confederate States Army began an invasion of Missouri with hopes of capturing St. Louis and regaining control of Missouri for the Confederacy. After being repulsed at the Battle of Pilot Knob in late September, Price's army changed course to aim for the Missouri River. The Union Army of the Border began pursuing Price's column, and defeated the Confederates at the Battle of Westport near Kansas City on October 23. Price's defeated army retreated southward, and suffered defeats at the battles of Marais des Cygnes and Mine Creek early on October 25. The loss at Mine Creek was particularly devastating, as a pile-up at the ford of Mine Creek led to the capture of many of Price's cannons and soldiers, including Brigadier Generals John S. Marmaduke and William L. Cabell. Brigadier General Joseph O. Shelby's division arrived in time to provide Price's column with a rear guard after Mine Creek. Shelby's men fought a delaying action against the pursuing Union soldiers at the crossing of the Little Osage River. Union cavalry would eventually brush aside the Confederates at the Little Osage River, but the defense had bought time for Price's retreat. Battle After crossing into western Missouri on the afternoon of the 25th, Price's wagon train became stalled at the crossing of the Marmaton River, much as it had at the Mine Creek crossing. Price formed a line to protect his wagon train from the Union soldiers. The front of the line consisted of militia officer M. Jeff Thompson's brigade of Shelby's division, some of the remains of Major General James F. Fagan and Marmaduke's (commanded by Brigadier General John B. Clark Jr. after Marmaduke's capture) divisions, which had been shattered at Mine Creek, and a portion of Colonel Charles H. Tyler's brigade. Some of the", "title": "Battle of Marmiton River" } ]	[ "Maj. Gen. Don Carlos Buell", "Major General Ulysses S. Grant" ]

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